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LONDON: PBINXBD BT TATLOB AND CO.. LITTLE QVBIN 8TBJBBT. 1874. 6d 'II >» CONTENTS. Date of Foundation, etc. . Officers • . . . . Members Missionaries and School Teachers Introduction 1871—2. Feb. 1871 April, 1871. May, 1871. 1871 June, 1871. Oct. 1871. 1872. 1871—2. English Teans.^ctions Donations to poor of Beckingham ., Schools at Pluinstead New Account Books opened Dividends on Keduced 3 per cents Auditors' Special lieport . Expenses of purchase of Southwark Ground Kents New Grants refused to be made . The Abenakis of the St. Francis River .... List of Members of Estates and Special Committees revised at Annual General Court Repairs to Chancel of Beckingham Church • . . . Further subscription declined Auditors' Report . . . . Purchase of Way Farm, Minster a2 fAua xiii xiii xiv xvi 3-9 3 3 3 4 4 o 5 5 5 5 6 7 ?Pf;759 u CONTJCMTS. 1B71— 2. Canadian Land Grants 1871. Proposal to take miuing lease of Delaware Mission School Lot de- clined ...... March, 1871. Honorable A. E. Botst'ord consulted as to granting leases to Indiana June, 1871. Ilonorablo A. E. Botst'ord presents the throe first Vols, of the "Acts of the Doniinim of Canada" to the Company ..... Mr. Blomfield's Report on the Chemong Estate August, 1871. Site for School-house in the Cayuga Station Nor. 1871. Patent for site of Kanyungeh Church and Parsonage .... Quit-claim to Dr. Oronhyatekka of land for site of School-house, etc., in the Cayuga Station .... Patent for Site of Knnyungeh Church and Parsonage .... Indian Farms worked by white men on shares Mr. Blomfield's Report on site for School-house, etc., in Cayuga dis- trict Claim for compensation by J. S. Kingston . . . . . Sept. 1872. Leases granted by Canon Nelles to Tenants of the Oneida, Onondaga, and Delaware Mission School Lots Oct. 1872. Proposal to purchase Delaware Mission School Lot declined Dec. 1872. Mr. Blomfield's Beport on the Oneida, Onondaga, and Delaware Mission School Lots . . . . . Canon Nelles requested to deliver all Leases and Agreements to Mr. Ashton rAOii 10-39 10 Jan. 1872. Feb. 1872. March. 1872. 1872. 11 12 12 16 17 19 21 22 23 28 29 30 31 37 COMTEK re. nun October, 1872. The Rov. E. R. Roberts' Report m to tlie Trustees of the 1120 acres of land at Rice Lake, and of the 70 acres of land at Cramaha • ... 88 1871. The Company's PBocKEDiyos in British AoBTH Amebica . 40-404 Discontinuance of the Companii's grants to the Station at Garden River April, 1S71. Grant of £10 for rejjairs of Mission House .... April, 1871. Request of tlie Secretary of the Coloninl and Continental Church Society for a copy of the New England Company's Annual Report May, 1871. His request declined ... July, 1872. Theliev. E. F. Wilson and an Indian Chief attend the meeting of the Annual General Court . 40-62 43 43 48 62 1871—2. Betnoval of the Rev. J. Chance from Garden River, and establishment of a new (Cayuga) Station, under the Rev. R.J.Roberta 53-64 July, 1871. Co-operation of the Missionaries re- quired 59 Sept. 1871. Establishment of the Cayuga Station . 63 1827—1872. 1834. 1856. August, 1805. 1868. June, 1869. 1870. Sept. 1870. Gband River, orTuscAuoRA Reserve, Mohawk Station . . . 65-165 Mohawk Institution opened . , 66 New Institution building erected, and old building converted into workshops . 68 Addition to Institution building . . 70 Mr. H. ,1, Lister's Report ... 71 89 pupils reported to be in the Institu- tion 72 Enquiries as to Manual Labour Schoo 72 Hon. A. E. Botsford's Report . . 78 VI CONTENTS. TAPt Jnn. 1871. Grnnt of £r^0 for rontoration of Old Molmwk Church .... 73 June, 1871. Kov. Canon Nollcs visits En inland . 70 AttentlH tlie Committee ... 77 1871. t'orrcHpoudence with Mr. J. T. OilitocK I0(i-170 Tho Itov. i\(lain Klliot n'»|iicstc(l to keep the AocouutH of his Mi»«ion hinuielf 171 RoqueNleil to fiiruish a .louriial of tho proecediiiKH in \\\«, MinHion . 172 Mr. Elliot'H replies ... 173 170 Mr. Elliot tu furuiHh Monthly KoportB 17 Hev. Albert Anthony ordained 17 Mr. KIliot'H Report . 17J) Mr. Antliony appointed .IsaJHtant to Mr. Elliot" 182 Letter to the Bishop of Huron 183 Orand River or Tuscarora Reserve, Kanyunoeh Station 186-201 Correspondence with the Kev. R. J. RobertH as toappointmentof ateacher for the Council House School . 180-187 Clrant of £50 ior Teacher's salary . 1S7 Grant of £20 towards building Coun- cil-house School-house 187 Grant of £5 to Dr. Oronhyatekha for expense of lectures 188 Grant of £.50 j)er Annum for two years to Miss Charlotte Smith . 189 Grant of £00 per Ann. for four years to George Bomberry . .190 Election of School Trustees . . 191 Grant for Council House School Teacher increased to £70 . . . .191 Grant of £10 to Sarah Ann Jamieson . 192 Census of Six Nations Indians . 191 Dr. Oronhyate.iha attends Committee 198 Rev. James Chance takes possession of Kanyungeh Parsonage . . .199 CONTENTS. IX Sept. 1871. Nov. 1871. It Doc. 1S71. Jauuniy, lh72. Mnrch, 1872. Mnroh, 1872. June, UC2 Oct. 1872. Dec. 1872. 1871-1872. August, 1871. Nov, 1S71. i> Dec. 1871. Oct.toDec.1871. Jan. 1872. >i April, 1872. March, 1872. •» n H Mr. CIwimco'h Report ou tho Knnyun poll IMiNnion Tlio C'oinmittoc'N Koply Mr. Cham-o'H Journal Mr. (■Iijiik'c'h Report for the Quarter Kouiino for the New Kn^'hviul Couv pany's Schools , Report for the Quarter Ehtablishinent of a Board of MiHsion HaricH 8Ufj;f?e8ted .... Rev. Janie« Chance authorized to pro vido liimself with a temporary Inter preter Improvements at Knnyu?igeh Parson ago .... Journal of Rev. J. Chance . He visits Garden itiver Letter to the School Teachers Journal of Rev. J. Chance . Grand River or Tuscarora Heserve Catcqa Station Onondaga School Section , Rev. R. J. lioberts to hire a temporary School-house . Purchase of Six acres of land for site of Cayuga School-house Election of Trustees for the Cayuga and Onondaga School Sections , Journal of Rev. R. J. Roberts . Boundaries of the Cayuga Mission Journal of Rev. R. J. Roberts Boundaries of Cayuga Mission . Grant of £5 to Ciiief John Seneca Johnson ..... Bad supply of drinking water Indian Farms worked " on shares " Grant to Chief John Seneca Johnson, increased to £10 a year . 200 210 l.'1'J 21.-* 223 220 31.5 232 23 1 210 212 211 2,52 253 2.58 259 2G0 262 277 280 2S7 287 288 290 293 CONTKNTS. Feb. 1S72 March, 1S72. Mfty, IS72. »» »' April, 1872 May, IS72 .lulv, IS72. Sept. IS72. August, IS72. September, IS72. October. IS72. December. 1S72. November, 1872. December. 1872. It »> ti nan .lourmvl of Kev. R. .I.Uobert8 . . 29'S Do. do. . 201} Presents given by the Treasurer . ;U<1 Orant of.fo to No. (5 School 801 Mr. Roberts reqiiesteil not to visit I luliims out of his own Mission . 302 Journ.nl of Hev. K.J. Koherts 302 Do. i\o 807 Whites working Indian Karuis on shares . . . . . .315 JournalofKev. H. J. Roberts . 3U5 Sale of Spirits at Heaver's Store . 320 Further (Jrant to James Kill declined 320 JournalofKev. K. J. Roberts . . 321 School festival 323 JournaU>f Rev. R. J. Roberts . 324 Roads and Hridg*>s required on the Reserve 32S Journal of Rev. K.J. Roberts . . -31 («rant of .CI 7 10s. for School ^[aterial . 33") Journal of Rev. K. J. Kt)berts . 3;5r> Progress of Oeorge Uombcrry . 340 Urant of £10 towards School-house for Cayuga Section . . 3-tl Residence for Mr. Roberts . . 342 Journal of Rev. R. J. Roberts . . 342 School Reports for the quarter . . 347 1871— 1S72. Rick .vnd Chkmonq Lakks Station 348— 3SS Dec. IS70. Dinners l\>r School Children 34S Jan. IS71. Grant of .Co for Servant 34S Jan. lvS7l. (.\»mpany's farm at Chemong . 348 Feb. 1871. Rice Lake, New Chapel at Ilia watha 3.')0— 353 March, IS71. Grant of .CoO for completing the Chapel 352 March, 1871. Dinners for School Children . 352 „ Proposed Bridge at Chemong . . 353 April, 1872, Willow Basket making . . . 350 «s» CONTENTS. xi April. IS72. Dosoription of the •' Vvro Orant. Lnml," juiii Ciiiiailiaii I, ami ami iCinii;rati(iii Company 'a I'iMporty . . aOO In" I. hoi-oaso of one of llio K»>v. K. K Koborts' surotios ami appointiiuMit o\' a suriTssor .... M(! |. .lum-, Is71. Map of iMiomoiif:; Kstalo and Kiivi- roiis ..... ;U!.'» Ani^. IS71. husurum"t.M)f .Missioiiarv Uiiiltiiiii;^ ;U»7 .luiio. IS71. Import of Mr. (\ .1. lilomtioia . . ;U)7 „ liOltor from Kov. \i. Brook iiij; . ;U>5) Junr, |S71. (.\>rnspomU'iuH> a** to K«<|»air.s at Riro Laki', improviunMit of Koatls, etiv 1172 H77 Oct. 187 L. (I rant i>f .CIO por annum towanls SoIu)ol Cliildron's ilinnors ;}77 H Orant of s*10 for ropairin;; Barns at lliawatlia :177 IS72. Corri's|)omU in'o as to School Foes, ajul salo of Intoxicatiuf^ !ii(piors) 8Sl-;iSl Sopt. IS7J. Homarks on the Farm jJSo ll'u'v Lake Barns .... ;{S7 Boat Wharf ;{ss Hoalth of tho Imlians . . , ;{SS 1S71- ■is7x' Mn.v, hs71 June, IS71. May, IS? I 1871 \ni^. 1871. an IS72. IS 72. B\\ lU" QiiNTi; Station , . ;{8l) M5>8 (Jrant for Catcohist ap|ilioil for . , :\S\) Appiioativtn ilirlinod .... ;() Mr. C H. Irvino appointed toach»>r of the liOwcr Mohawk Sciiool .'{90 Appropriation oi' tlio l\»mpany"a (irant ;mi Petition froni the Mohawk t^hi(>fs . ;{J>*J .\pproprialion of the I'ompany's tJranl 'A\Kt Report ol Schools .... ;{JH» Mr. 'r. B. MeShea appointed Teacher of the Lower Mohawk Selr/'ol . ;{S)7 K«>port8 t)f Schools . . , .•M)7-;H)8 xii CONTENTS. 1871- Nov. Dec. -1872. 1871. 1871. 1871- July, Oct. -18V2. 1871. 1871. March, 1872. Jan. 1871. 1871. 1871- Jan. -1872 1871. May, 1871. 1871—1872. Jan. 1871. 1871. March, 1872. May, 1872. PASB "WiLPOLE TsLAJfD . • 399-400 Prizes given at the Agricultural Show 399 Grant for Prizes in 1872 . . ; 400 Eed Eivee Settlement . 401-403 Letter from the Bishop of Rupert's Land 401 He attends a meeting of the Com- mittee ...... 402 Applications for further Grants de- clined 402 British Columbia .... 404 Application for further Grant declined 404 West Indies .... 405-408 The Rev. H. H. Isaacs attends a meet- ing of the Committee . . 405 Derwent H. R. Waldron arrives in England 406 His progress as a student . . . 406 Grant to Rev. H. H. Isaacs, for school material ...... 407 Grant to the Bishop of Antigua for a School at the " Sound," Virgin Gorda 407 Grant to Swanswick School . . . 407 Grant to Maroons' School . . . 407 Grant to School at the " Sound," re- newed ..... 408 The Treasurer's donations to the Maroons' and Swanswick Schools 408 I 1871-1872. Feb. 1871. March, 1872. South Africa 409 Grant to Miss Colenso's School, near Bishopstowe, Natal . . . 409 The Committee decide not to renew this Grant 410 xni NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. Dated Founded by aa Act of the Long Parliament 27th July, 1649. Incorporated by Charter 7th Feb. 14 Clias. [II. 1661-2. Regulated by three Decrees iu Chancery. 1. As to the Hon. Robert Boyle's Funds 23 April, 1792. 2. „ Dr. Daniel Williams' Funds . 8th Aug. 1808. 3. „ Charter Funds 26th July, 1836. OFPICERS, 1874. GovEBNOB. Elected. Metei James 30th Jan. 1868. Tbeasubeb. Hbtwood, Jambb 18th March, 1867. AUDITOBS. Bbowell, Edwaed Mash 18th March, 1867. Listeb, Isaac Sollt 25th Jan. 1870. FoBD, John W 14th Dec. 1870. Clebe. Venning, Waltee Cuables 10th Jan. 1859. Accountant and Assistant Clerk. Racine. Chables Fbancis ...... 1st August, 1870. Land Agents. Solly, Thomas Essex Estate. Allen, Robert Kent do. w XIV MEMBERS. Address. If' ii Dates of Election. „ - ^nes of Electioi «-H He., cIVL^'^^''^^""^^^^^^^^ Bowles . /^ . ^'^"gt°n %ddelton House. Enfield Middle" ^"^ •^"'^' 1«72. Browell, Edward Mash ' " "ir, ?^^ • . . ""^'O. Middle- Bu^, Viscount. • • • J*n,, Hounslow 23rd Dec. 1868. ■ ■ ■ u^Vt ''^ ^ate, W i|*P •'^""e, 1861. Cazenove, John . Ford. Edward ■Ford, John W. Fowler, Robert Nichols Fuller, Benjamin . Fuller, John Stratton rr . ^, • 30th Jul,; i83o; • Uid Park, Enfield •i^'Walbrook . . ■ 11th Maj, 1855 •|5p. CornhiU, E.G. ■••••• 17th June, 1870 •ajde House, Chesham." Bucks ' " Inlu il^''^' 1867." 16th May, I860. Gibson, Thomas Field. n^ j *""' '""^» ^»W. RecL^'- ^r- ^"«««"." Q^C •^""'^^"t^r Oown.Tunbridge Wells 22nH T , Kecorderof London MP fl B- . ^'"^^"S'^Znd June, 1859. TT ^ ""'S'^"H Jraiace (Jarc Haruian, John . i„, ^ Hejwood James, P.R.'s. ' " '^J ^o^bard Street, E.C Hoare John Gurney . ' •rl?'"^'"^*"" Palace Gardens " Hurrell, Swann . ' ' • ffmbard Street, E C "'^''*'°« ■ Lawrence Sir T ''' '"^^^^ ^-^lens'. Hyde Pai-k : • 30th October, 1838. • 23rd Dec, 1868. •25th July, 1851, • 18th March, 1867. • 3rd July, 1872. Margi-are, Thomas . ■Meyer. James MUner.Gibson,Kt.Hon.r •I 17th June, 1870 |18th March, 1867. lQn!r x"°^' ^861. •KJOth June, 1869. I - • 18th March. 1867 ■ILlanelly, South Wales •Forty Hall, Enfi^jd ;« • ' • • • 30th October, 1838. •,5, Hyde Park Place. W ' ' " "E^M"^^' ^ ^^48. I >'" . . .30th October, 1838. --»^.. ^cnryjohn . . lTh«w .f 'i^"®' Regent's Park ' ,,: ' ^'*'^'^"' l«67 iwter, Isaac Solly . i ^^ ^^ath, Hampstead •i3«i June, 1861. ,r ■ ■ • f' ^""reuce Pountney Hui P r' 'K J"ne, 1869. Margi-are, Thomas . L, „ /^lil.E.C. .18th March. 1867 Noel. Hon. Henry Lewis . . .'r; Wes.K V. , r , I ' ^''«*''o«nie Terrace ^aget. Jolm . . |„o "| "*« ""ly, 1H72 Ptulipe, Robert Needhami M.plf?' t^^T' 1^'^^^ B^ompton. L,,, . • ""-^l^^ Berkeley Square. ^ ' •p3th August, 1844. Scott, Russell ... (' - • • • • 3rd July, 1872. 3rd July, 1872. Scott, Russell K'ngttr." ^^"^°' «««-'•« Pk 18th March. 1867 S«r™ u.n » , • • 3rd July, 1872. 26th July, 1851, XV 68 of Election. 1 May, 1855. ' Ju'j. 1872. ^ec, 1868. Ju'Jc, 1861. May, I860. Julj, 1830. March, 1867. ^oy-, 1815. July, 1872. May, 1857. ^ay, 1855. rune, 1870. Jay, 1867. )ctober, 1838. fay, 1860. une, 1859. ctober, 1838. ec, 1868. 'b, 1851, arch, 1867. ly, 1872. Names. Address. Dates of Election Talfourd, Froomc Twells, Philip, M.P Warren, John VVliiieford, William . . . . Wigram, Robert Money, F.Q.3. 3, The Grove, St. Ann's HiU, Wandsworth 54, Lombard Street 19, Aldermanbury 4:, Elm Court, Temple i, llarley Street, Cavendish Square. 3rd July, 1872. 25th January, 1870 18th March, 1867. 3rd July, 1872. 3rd July, 1872. «e, 1870. rch, 1867. le, 1861. »e, 1869. rch. 1867. ober, 1838. , 1848. •ber, 1838. , 1872. >8t, 1844. , 1872. h, 1867. 1872. 1851. If XVI MISSIONARIES AND SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CANADA. PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA. I. Grand River Stations, Mohawk Station. Missiouary Rev. Canon Abraham Nellea. Mohawk Institution, Superintendent Mr. Robert Ashton. School Teacher, Boys' Depart- ment Mr. Isaac Barefoot. Girls' Department .... Miss Jennie M. Fisher. Tuscarora Station. Missionary Rev. Adam Elliot. Teacher, Day School No. 4 . Mrs. Osborne. », „ », 5 . Mr. Nelles Monture. ., „ M 9 • Miss Christina John. xvii Kani/urtr/e/i Stalion. Misaioiinrv Rev. James Clmnce. Teacher, Day Schr *l No. 2 . Misa Henrietta M. Crombie. »> .1 ,• 3 . Mr. James l*(»\vleHH. •> .» V 7 . Miss Diamond. » i» „ 8 . Miss Susaijua Carpenter. Cayuga Station. Missionary Bev. Robert James Roberts. Teacher, Day School No. 6 . Miss Jemima Stewarl:. » » 10 Miss Gordon. II. Rice and Chemong Lakes Station. Missionary Rev. Edward Riddell Roberta Ojibway Interpreter .... James McCue. Teacher of Chemong School . . Mr. George Crook. III. Missionaries in Canada assisted hg the New England Company. Bay of Qtiinte, Ontario. Mohawks' Missionary .... Rev. Thomas Stanton. Teacher T. B. McShea. Walpole Island Rev. Andrew Jamieson. XIX LIST OF CANADIAN PLANS. Plan of the Onondaga Mission School Lot to face 3:i Plan of the Mohawk Institution to face 153 Plan of the Grounds of the Mohawk Institution to fane 15ti Map of the Indian Reserve in the Counties of Brant and Haldimaud to face lOU m /* if REPORT OF THE NEW ENGLAND COMPANY'S PKOCEEDINGS, 1871-2. During tlie years 1871 and 1872 measures of considerable interest, both at liome and in the colonies, have been taken by the New England Company. The most important trans- action in England has been the purchase of additional landed property in Kent. In the Dominion of Canada attention will bo principally attracted to the arrangements at the Mohawk Institution and the subdivision by the Company, with the IJishop'a concurrence, of the Indian Reserve, at the Grand Kiver into four separate Missions, under the charge of the Company's four independent Missionaries there. For convenience of reference, the transactions of the Com- pany during the two years covered by this Report, are divided into the following distinct heads or subdivisions, viz. :— I. — English Thansactions. ^^' — Canadian Land Grants. NBW ENGLAND COMPANY. [1871-1872. If t III. — New England Company's Proceedings in British North America. i. — Garden River. l-Di8conti nuance of the Compam/a Grants to this Station. 2-Rcmoval of the Rev. J. Chance from Garden River to Grand River, and Estahlinhmcnt of a New {Caijiuja) Station under the Rev. R. J. Roberta. ii. — Grand River or Tuscarora RESER\i!;. 1-MohmoJc Station. 2-Tu8carora Station. 3-Kanyungeh Station. 4--Cayuga Station. iii. — Rice and Chemono Lakes Station. iv. — Bay op Quint^. V. WaLFOLE TfLAND. vi. — Red River Settlement. vii. — British Columbia. IV. — West Indies. V. — South Africa. 1«71.] KNOUSII TKANHACTIUNS, 1871-2. I.— ENGLISH TRANSACTIONS, 1871-2. The narrative printed in 1871 for the nse of tlic members of the Company, in speaking of tlie Company's English pro- perty at p. (51, concluded with the sale of thtir SuH'olk estate for £120,000; and mentioned the investment of the net balance, after payment of all expenses ; and the sales of stock to raise the cost of the six cottages at Beckinghani in Essex ; and tlie purchase-money for the Sonthwark Street freehold ground rents of .€195. IOj. a vear. These transactions left /iC83,8.2l) i[)s. dd ('Onsols, in the name of "The Official Trustees of Charities," for the Company on their Charter account ; and .t:28,39 ?. 3*. New Three per Ci nts on account of Dr. Williams' trust. At the end of the year 1870 the Company had paid out of income their costs of the purchase of the ground rents. These costs amountcHl to £110. 14.». 8rf., and were more properly a charge on corpus than on income. On the 7th February, 1871, the Estates Committee granted £'). 5s. to provide blankets and flannel for the most deserving and needy poor in the neighbourhood of Ikckingham. And also presented £o. 5s. as a donation to the Pluriistead Schools, and the like amount to the St. Nicholas Schools, Plumstcad. At the same time the arrears of rent due from some tenants on the Eriswell Estate, amounting to £22. 10*., were neces- sarily written off the books as bad debts. In April, 1871, new account-books were provided at the recommendation of the auditors. The system of keeping the accounts had in the previous year been nuxlernized and in«- proved. The Company's cash receipts and payments had always, before 1870, been entered in the journal and ledger, but no separate cash-book was ever kept by the Company. According to the system adopted in 1870, the cash receipts u2 4 ENGLISH TRANSACTIONS. [1871. and payments are no longer entered in the journal, but are entered at once in a cash-book ; and the outstanding credits belonging to the Company, and their debts and liabilities, are clearly shown, as well as the amount of their assets, and the threefold division between the funds with which the Company are entrusted, viz. the Charter Fund, the Boyle Fund, and Dr. Williams' Fund. On the I'ith May, 1871, the seal of the Company was affixed to a power of attorney to enable the Company's bankers to receive the dividends on their .€4533. 12*. lid. Reduced Three per Cents — thr amount of the two sums of £333. I2s. lid. and £4300 like annuities, mentioned in the report for 1870, p. C)2, as standing in the corporate name of the Company, For several years before 18G7, the Company had not in each year fully expended the Comjiany'snet aimual income. Indeed it is not possil)le always to do so. The demands upon their in- come in this country vary from time to time, so that the amount of the net income is a fluctuating quantity. The Company by their amuial vote place the net income for the current yearatthc disposal of the Special Committee for the purposes of the Com- pany in the British Colonies and Dependencies. The expenses of the Mohawk Institution and of the Company's JNlissions in Canada also necessarily fluctuate. The result in 1868 was a considerable accumulation, which was disposed of by means of extrac rdinary grants in that and following years. Early in the year 1871, the auditors with the balance sheet and cash-account for 1870, presented a special report on the subject of the Company's incouie and expenditure in that year, together with an estimate of the receipts and expenditure for the then current year. As it appeared from the accounts for 1870, that the expenditure in that year had exceeded the rents and dividends of the year by the sum of ^1072. 9.s'. lOrt'., the Estates Committee decided that no grants should be made beyond those to which the Company were already absolutely committed ; and on their application, the Charity Coramis- 1871.] ENGLISH TRANSACTIONS. 5 sioners ordered the sale of sufficient stock to meet the ex- penses of the purchase of the Southwark Street ground- rents. Accordingly these expenses (£140. lis. Hd.) were raised before the end of the year 1871 by sale of £150. 15s. 2d. Consols ; and thus the amount of this fund in the name of " The Official Trustees of Charities" was reduced to j£8"5,G79. 4s. 7d. Consols. The state of tlie Company's cash account in 1871 obliged the Special Committee r.lso to rcfnse urgent applications for new grants for Indian missions in several parts of British North America. Among these were letters in behalf of a tribe of about 400 Indians, the Abenakis of the St. Francis River, in the centre of the Reserve, some sixty miles below the city of Montreal, whose case was strongly recommended by the Bishop of Montreal and Archdeacon Bond, as well as by the missionary there — himself a red man. s At the Annual General Court of the Company, held on the 14th June, 1871, the lists of the Members of the Estates and Special Committees were sulimitted to the Court for re- vision, and several niemlicrs not having attended the Com- mittee jNIeetings for upwards of a year, — it was ordered that for the future those members should not be summoned to the meetings of the Committees.* In October, 1871, the Estates Committee ordered the necessary repairs to be done to the chancel of Beckingham Church. In December, 1871, the Vicar ai)plied to the Company for assistance by way of annual subscription to provide for the celebration of Divine Service, and for the repairs of the • The Committees are nil open to the attendance of every member of the Company wiuhing to bo present. 6 EKOLISH TRANSACTIONS. [1871. fabric of the parish church ; but, on the ground that the Company as Lords of the Manor are legally Imund to keep the chancd of Beckinghara Church in repair, and had lately ordered repairs to be done thereto, the Committee declined to contribute further to the repairs or the fabric or require- ments of the congregation, not feeling themselves called upon thus to relieve their tenant and the other parishioners. , f r With the Balance Sheet to 31st December, 1871, the Auditors reported that they found the Company committed, in addition to a grant to the Bishop of Rupert's Land which has lapsed and to the usual expenditure at their own Stations, to the following Grants, viz. : — Hellnmtli College, two-thirds of £325 »» Derweat Waldron... George Bomberry Bishop of Columbia Bishop of Antigua Bishop of Huron, for Huron College George Hill ... Plumstead Schools... They estimated the income at And the expenditure at the Stations, allowing no increase for the Cayuga Station, or elsewhere, at ... The Grants as above Working charges in London, viz : — Rent and Taxea Housekeeper Annual Dinner ('arricd forward £ BXriUING. 217 July, 1872. 65 »i 1873. 50 in 1873. . 60 in 1874. KJO in 1872. . 10 in 187.J. 50 July, 1872. . 50 in 1872. 10 10 Annual £5,020 Vote. £612 10 ••• £3,527 612 4,139 £881 ... £90 45 ... 20 .. £155 £881 1 4 ( 1871-1872.] ENGLISH TRANSACTIONS. Brought forward Pension to late Clerk Salaries Printing and Lithography • . . . Sundries, including Law Costs ... ... £155 50 ... 400 120 85 £881 810 ... . Surplus ... .. £71 The Committee thereupon resolved that in the then state of the income of the Company it was not expedient that the usual annual dinner of the members should take place that year. In December, 1871, Way Farm, Minster, near Margate, was offered for sale, and by direction of the Committee their Surveyor, Mr. Robert Allen, viewed the estate and reported thereon, and in January, 1872, the clerk was authorized to enter into a contract for the purchase of the Estate at i6ll4,000, provided the Charity Commissioners sanctioned the purchase. The Charity Commissioners suggested that Mr. Edmund James Smith, of Whitehall Place, should be employed to view and report upon the value of Way Farm, and the committ'^e on the 27tli March, 1872, confirmed his employ- ment to view and value the property, and he accordingly did so, and made his report to the Charity Commissioners, who by a letter of their Secretary, dated 10th April, 1872, sanctioned the purchase of Way Farm by the Company on the usual conditions as to approval of title. At a Court holden on the 3rd July, 1872, the Clerk re- ported that a good title had been shown, and the Court ap- proved and adopted the steps taken by the Estates Committee for the purchase of Way Farm, comprising 198 acres 2 roods of freehold land and farm buildings, situate in the parish of Minster, in the County of Kent, at the price of £14,000; ENGLISH TRANSACTIONS. [1872. w 1 ! I :' H II and instructed the clerk to apply to the Charity Commis- sioners for their authority to the Official Trustees of Chari- table Funds to sell a sufficient part of the £83,G79. 4j?. 7d. three per cent. Consols (the Charter Fund) to produce the purchase-money, and pay that sum, when so raised, to the account of the Company with their Bankers, Messrs. Barnetts, Hoares, and Co. The Court also directed that so soon as the costs, charges, and expenses attending the said purchase should have been ascertjvined, and their amount approved by the Commissioners, they should be further applied to, to direct the sale of a sufficient amount of the said stock to meet the amount of such costs, charges, and expenses — the san«e to be p.iid to the clerk. Accordingly, the Official Trustees of Charitable Funds sold £15,155. 12s. 4d. Consols from the Charter Trust, producing £14,000, and the purchase of Way Farm was completed on the 12th August, 1872. A sum of £178. 8s. 6d. for interest, from Gth April to 2nd August, 1872, was paid to the vendor out of the Company's general balance. By the contract, the Company were en- titled to the rent from 11th April, 1872. The surveyor's charges and all the Company's costs of the purchase, amounted to £276. lis. Irf., which were paid by the sale on the 18th day of November, 1872, of £301. 12s. 7d, Consols, part of the £83,679. 4*. 7d. Consols. These sales leave £68,221. I9s. Sd. Consols still standing in the name of the official trustees on the Charter Fund account. Way Farm is subject to an annuity of £100 during the life of Francis Gillow, a person of unsound mind. To pro- vide for this annuity, and indemnify the land against it, a part of the purchase-money, sufficient to raise jEIOO per annum, was retained and invested in the sum of £3333. 6s. 8d. Consols in the joint names of Anthony Blackburue Cobb and George Rammell, of Margate, bankers, and James Meyer, the Governor of the Company; and they gave a power of attorney to Messrs. Barnctts, Hoares and Co., who are not I I I i 1872.] ENGLISH TRANSACTIONS. 9 only the Company's bankers but also agents for Messrs. Col)b and Co., the vendors' bankers, to receive the dividends and satisfy the annuity. At a meeting of the Special Committee, held on the 29th July, the treasurer having announced his intended absence on the Continent for about six weeks, the governor was re- quested and authorized to sign cheques on the bankers, and to accept bills of exchange, drawn on the treasurer during his absence ; and the clerk was instructed to arrange with Mie bankers to honour the cheques of the governor, by pro- curation, and to pay bills accepted by the governoi . In October, and again in December, 1872, the Company (having agreed to renew their lease to Mr. J. A. Piggot, of Beckingham Hall Farm, including the Farm Cottages, for twelve years, from Michaelmas, 1873, at a rent of 1530, reserved quarterly as usual), informed him that the rent must for the future be punctually paid half-yearly, within twenty-one days of its becoming due. In December, 1872, the Company also informed Mr. J. W. Wyman, the tenant of Suffolk Place Farm, Plumstead, that his rent of £250 per annum must be paid in future within twenty -one days of its becoming due. In October and November, 1872, the subject of additional cottages and farm buildings on Way Farm was (on the application of Messrs. Ilogbin and Crofts, the tenants) under the consideration of the Committee and their surveyor. The clerk was requested to see the Charity Commissioners* surveyor, Mr. E. J. Smith, and, if necessary, their secretary, on this subject. 10 NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. [1871. "',! IT.— CANADIAN LAND GRANTS, 1871-2. ii;!i Hi I li. Some proceedings of interest have been taken during the years 1871 and 1873 in reference to the property held by the Company in Canada. On the subject of these lands, reference may here be made to the History and Report for 1869 and 1870, pages 65 to 69. As to the Delaware Mission School Lot, 100 acres, the Company on the 27th February, 1871, received, through the Rev. Canon NcUes, Alexander Taylor's proposal to take a lease of the privilege of raining on this lot. Mr. Alexander Taylor's proposal was dated Caledonia, Ontario, 17th November, 1870, and was as follows : — " I will take a mining lease for twenty-one years of all the plaster, gypsum or other mineral substances which may be found underlying the land referred to. I will bind myself within a reasonable time to teat the same in the usual way, at my own expense. Should material be found in paying quantities, I will work the same, and pay over to the owners, at the pit's mouth, in the crude state, a royalty of one- sixth part of all that is taken out, or its equivalent in cash at market value as it is taken away. Should I fail to conmence my explorations within a specified time, the lease to become null and void. Other conditions as usual in mining leases, or as may be agreed to. As I wish to make my arrangements this winter, a reply at your earliest convenience will much oblige. Should your Society wish the agreement put in a different shape (such as a fixed sum for minerals if found, and either per ton or for the whole), I will be glad to have their proposal." Canon Nelles' letter, forwarding this proposal on 10th February, 1871, stated as follows: — " I delayed sending the application in order to make some inquiry on the subject ; and from information I have received, I think it is pretty certain that gypsum is to be found in the bank near tht) river. I cannot learn that there is any appearance of ' other mineral sub- !i I t\ 1871.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 11 stances underlying the land ' ; none have ever been discovered along the Grand River, and I am disposed to think that gypsum or plaster of Paris is the only thing that will be found on the land in question. Should the Company entertain the proposal of giving a mining lease, I would recommend that it be open to competition, and proposals bo received from any party desirous of testing it." On the 7th of March, 1871, the Committe declined the proposal. The Committee in April, 1871, requested the Hon. A. E. Botsford to forward to the Company a copy of the Acts of the Dominion Legislature from the commencement to the present time, and to arrange with a bookseller for their future supply in sheets or boards ; and to procure for the Company a map of all the Company's property on the Grand River. The Clerk on the 15th April, 1871, wrote to the Hon. A. E. Botsford as follows : — " The Committee some time since, entertained the question of grant- ing leases of lands, to such of the Indians as might be disposed to aettL> upon, and to clear and cultivate, a certain number of acres upon the Company's estate ; and had some time since a correspondence with the Eev. Edward E. Roberts, of the Chemong Mission, on the subject : but nothing was ultimately done on account of the difficulty which the Company felt in dealing with Indians on such a subject. The Rev. E, R. Roberts on that occasion forwarded to the Company a form of lease,* which he thought might be adopted. I beg leave to trouble you with a copy of that form of lease, and the Committee will feel much obliged to you, if you would kindly take the trouble to give them your ideas on the subject generally, and your opinion of the propriety of the form of lease suggested by Mr. Roberts." 10th mquu-y ik it is The following reply was received from the Hon. Botsford on the 15th June, 1871 : — A. E. " I duly received your letter of the 15th of April, and after a long interval the copy of the lease you refer to, arrived. " I think it would be desirable to induce the Indiana to cultivate the Company's lands by giving them leases of a certain number of acres * 'HiBtory and Report for 1869-1870,' p. 167. 4 ' I 12 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1871. which they might wish to occup)', and have no doubt such a permanent right to hold their respective lots would stimulate them to habits of industry, and induce them to cultivate their lots, as they have intelli- gence cnouf^h to appreciate the advantages they would thus reap from their labour, the terms of the proposed lease seem to mo to be very suitable. "I have spare copies of the three first volumes of the 'Acts of the Dominion of Canada,' which I have the pleasure of presenting to the Company, and will forward them by book-post. When I go to Ottawa I will arrange w ith a bookseller there to forward the Acts as they are published. " I w ill write to Mr. Robinson, of Brautford, to prepare such a map of the Company's property at Grand Itivcr as you suggest." The Committee received with thauks the three volumes mentioned in Mr. Botsford's letter. The Treasurer having mentioned to the Committee that Mr. Charles James Blorafield, a son of the late Bishop of London, was now connected with a Canadian Land Company at Peterborough, Ontario, and might probably be able to furnish some valuable information as to the Company's property at the Chemong and Rice Lakes Station, the Committee authorized Mr. Blomficld, to visit these stations and send a report to the Company of his observations on the Indians there, and their clearances. On the 17th of June, 1871, Mr. C. J. Blomficld visited the Indian village at Chemong Lake and was hospitably entertained by Mr. and Mrs. E. E,. Roberts. Mr. Blomfield's report, dated 29th June, 1871, so far as it related to the Company's property at Chemong Lake, was as follows : — * *' The Missionary -house is excellently planned and built, and I can easily understand that it cost Mr. lloberts 400 dollars bej'ond the £500 sterling liberally granted by the Company. I would recommend the Company to take immediate steps to get it insured. •' I visited the school-house, and Mr. lloberts explained to me the proposed alteration and addition thereto ; this is very necessary, the For the other important parts of this report see p. 36S. 1:1 1871.] CANAniAN LAND OHANTS. 13 n old log-house is rotting awny, and the rooms are far too low for health. The work apjwarH likely to be done very et'onouiifnlly ; when com- pleted, tiiis should also be insured. * # * * * « ' " The old school-house is bein;? turned into a stable, and the stable removed from the barn, which Afr. Roberts expects to fill this year ; great care appears to bo exercised in economizing the property of the Company. " The Company's farm property ia well cultivated and fenced ; an addition might be made to the Company's clearing with considerable advantage. Mr. Koberts says about ten (10) acres more should be stoned, which is the chief expense of clearing land in this settlement j the cost, I was informed, is generally about 30 dollars an acre, but with the Company's horses, etc., Mr. Eoberts said he could do it for about 10 dollars an acre. I should say it would be money very well invested. I noticed that the soil is very good, amply repaying the labour of sufficiently clearing it from stones; this is more or less the case over all the section of country of w.'iich the Indian peninsula forms a part, say between Peterborough south to I3uckhorn north, and the Otonabee Waters cast to ]\Iud Lake west. " In my estimation it would be well worth while for the Company to try fanning on a njoro extended scale ; it would be necessary to secure the services of a first-class farmer ; but this might be effected without much outlay, by lease at a nominal rent, or farming on shares. By this means the Indians would be gradually trained in a proper fystem of farming, and would be more likely to settle down to an agricultural life. Such a farm should, in a few years, return a good profit on outlay. " The chapel is a plain and simple structure, but I presume suffi- ciently commodious ; it is about to be clapboarded, which is quite necessary, as the plaster is all tund)ling off; when completed, it would be advisable to get this also insured. " We walked through the settlement, or village, and called in to see some of the settlers, the Chief Weetung, the interpreter, and others ; their homes are remarkably clean, their plots indifftreiitly cultivated, but well fenced. They all appeared to be well-to-do and hajjpy, and there was an air of quiet peace and prosperity over the whole place that betokened a spiritual as well as worldly influence, benevolently exercised for the benefit of the inhabitants. "The Indians at present do not raise sufficient produce to take to market, but as some of the young men are, I understand, now actively engaged on the farm lots to the rear of the settlement, which we liad not time to visit, the coming generation may perhaps be a farming 14 CANADIAN LAND OllANTS. [1871. I .'J ia ' fell I community, more particularly, I think, if encouraged and trained in manner sufjgcsted above ; at present their cliief moans of support, beyond what little they raise from the soil for their own use, is the sale of fish, which they catch and euro in large numbers, and the sale of baskets. " Mr. Roberts showed me the plan on which he had laid out the farm lots on your properly, which he said he had surveyed with the assistance of a neighbouring farmer. The plan seemed a very good one, as I judged from what I saw of the locality. " I ascertained that there was no chance of getting a bridge made at the so-called narrows of Little Mud Lake, as Mr. Roberts has ex- plained to you. A bridge might be made across to Blairs, in Ennis- more, but at considerable expense ; the road from thence to the floating bridge at Bridgenorth is very bad, and it is two or three miles further than by the Communication Road, as it is called, through the township of Smith. A floating bridge has been suggested, but those on Mud Lake and Pigeon Creek have been by no means a success ; they are constantly breaking open, and as I know from personal ex- perience, are very alarming to horses in rough weather, and they gradually become water-logged, and the timbers have to be replaced ; they are extremely expensive in first construction, and cost a great deal to keep up. " The best improvement in the means of communication that T can suggest is a first-class ferry-boat, to carry two or three waggons and teams, with paddles to be worked by a horse. These boats were used for years as pioneers of steam-boats in this country, and are still in use in the Lower Province. I suppose a first-class ferry-boat of this kind could be procured for from 250 to 3(X) dollars, and un arrangement might easily be made with one of the settlers to keep the horse and work the boat for a moderate remuneration during the open season. The settlers would thus be cut ofi" from the mainland for a few days only at the commencement and close of winter. " The road already made should be carried on through Davis Farm to a point immediately opposite the Mission-house, and at end of road !\ wharf should be made. One hundred dollars would cover cost of a good wharf on each side, and the municipality of Smith can, I believe, be made to complete the road to the Lake sliore at an}' time without any cost to the Company.''' " My Company has, in some instances, with a view of encouraging I 1 W 1 * For further particulars ab to the Company's lands at Rice and Cheniong Lakes, see post p. 37. 1871.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 15 settlement, made free grants of a few lots, under condition of settle- ment and residence ; but such a system could not well be adopted by yours. '• Were you to deed outright any of the lots on your property, either for a nominal or substantial consideration, the purchaser might sell at any time. This would doubtless be done, and you would find that your property was gradually passing out of your hands, and you would be losing the means of benefiting the Indians, for whom you have benevolently spent so much time and money, and the object of the original testator would bo pro tanto frustrated. The Indiana are, I understand, desirous of acquiring an estate that they ca. devise, and the only safe mode that I can see of your complying with their wishes is by granting long leases, — something approaching to the old English system of a lease for life or lives, renewable for nominal considerations, would, I think, be the best. A lease for the life of the lesaee would be useless for purposes of devising. The leases uhould be subject to such conditions as would meet the peculiar case. Not only the fee simple, but considerable powers of cancellation, to be held over the lessees in terrorem, should be retained by you. " I must add that this would have been sent a week ago, but I was obliged to leave for Toronto at short notice to attend as a delegate at the Synod of the English Episcopal Church." The Committee did not omit on this and on every su])se- quent occasion to pay Mr. Biomfield's expenses, and they have always received his reports with thanks. Farm end of 'er cost can, I iraging Hieniong Particulars are elsewhere* fully given of the opening of a fourth station on the Grand River, called the Cayuga Station, under the superintendence of the Rev. Robert James Roberts, who had been in charge of the Kanyungeh Station up to the time of its transfer to the Rev. James Chance, on his removal from Garden River to Grand River. The Rev. R. J. Roberts having been requested by the Committee to endeavour to obtain a plot of ground sufficient for the erection thereon of a school- house and a suitable resi- dence for the Superintendent, wrote on the 4th August, 1871, • See p. 53. 16 (ANADIAN LAND OIIANTS. [1871. f rii^ (i! t : «l! that st'vcrnl sites had been offered, one of whieh belonging to an Indian named Heaver he considered eligible. On the 7th Septenil)er, Mr. llo))erts was recjuested to obtain full particu- lars of this plot of ground. His letter to the Clerk in reply, dated Ii7th Septcmljer, and received on the 11th October, 1871, was as follows : — " I saw John Beaver yesterday. He told nie that he was willing to give posaeasion of ♦be site of six acres in any way whieh the Now England Company may desire, and which may bo lawful or possible for him. He is, for instance, willing to give to the Company or to me, or to any Indian or Indians named by me or by the (/ompany, a quit-claim of the land, as a site for a school-house, res? 'er.-t-, etc. If the Company wish to obtain a patent, a surrender c" the land must be previously made by tlie chiefs in council. " I wiab, however, to inform you, that another portion of land, six acres in extent, was ofiered to me yesterdiiy by an Indian named Peter Smith, which I consider a much more desirable site than that offered by 13caver. The following are my reasons for this opinion. " 1st. I find that the Indians do not like the school-house to be close to Beaver's Corner, Even so far back as three or four years ago, several pagiin Indians complained that whisky was sold at Beaver's store, and that school-children might often see drunktirds, etc. about the ])Iace. You are aware, I tiiiiik, that the school was lu-ld in Beaver's house. It is held there yet. The pagan referred to these facts as an argument against having a school at all there. I referred to this in my report on schools, which is printed in the Company's Keport for 1868, page 3S). In that Ileport I also suggested tliat a school-house ought to ' be erected somewhere else in the neighbourhood.' The site which Smith gives is better than that ofiered by Beaver, inasmuch as it is a little further from the store, and the cross-roads there, which are often a resort for drunkards and other bad characters. jf'/rew England Company, the expense of the conveyance being of course borne by the Company." The Clerk tdso wrote on the 18th December, 1871, to Mr. C. J. Blomfield, of Peterborough, Ontario, as follows : — " I am directed by the Special Committee of the New England Com- pany to request you to do them the favour of viewing six acres of land in the Cayuga district of the Grand River Reserve, conveyed by two Indiana, Peter Smith and George R. Loft, to Dr. Oronhyatekha, on behalf of the Company, and examining into the iio (.lasessed by tlie said Indians, and their power to convey the p. > , and reporting thereon. "The Committee will also be obliged to you to ii.'c v.: them if you consider that it will be !■ the advantage of the Company to hold the land for the site of a school-house and a residence of a missionary, to be the school superintendent of the Cayuga district. I encloso a map of the Reserve, showing the proposed site of the school-house and residence J and the missionary at the Cayuga station, the Rev. R.J. Roberts, who resides near the Six Nations Council-house, will give you much information in the matter.'' The business of his own Company lauadian Land ' land two ia, on the kting ,-ou Id the to map and give 1871-1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 21 and Emigration Company) prevented Mr. Blomfield from visiting the Grand River Stations for nearly three months. The following letter, from the Rev. Robert J. Roberts to the Clerk, dated December January, 1872 : — 11th, 1871, was received 1st land " Your letter of the 6th November last has been duly received, and I gave the letter which was enclosed for Mr. Gilkison to him. He said he would be moat happy in endeavouring to carry out the desire of the Company, with regard to the obtaining of a formal surrender of the six acres of land offered by Peter Smith. " I am, however, afraid there may be some difficulty in persuading the chiefs to surrender it just now. On the 13th of last month I forwarded to j'ou a ' quit-claim ' for the site in question, made over by Peter Smith and George llokwaho Loft to Dr. Oroidiyatekha in trust for the New England Company. That quit-claim being made, I am of opinion that the Company would be quite safe in erecting the pro- posed buildings. With regard to the materials with which the resi- dence should be constructed, I would say, that aa lumber is very dear at pr. jent, it would cost little more (if any) to build it of brick. This, too, is the opinion of a lumber-merchant, from whom (if it should be built of lumber) we would probably have to purchase. There is, moreover, a large quantity of brick lying on the river bank opposite to the Tuscarora parsonage, which might be used for that purpose if the Company do not intend, at present, to erect a church there. Those bricks are exposed to the weather, and therefore many of them have crumbled away. I do not know m hether they belong to the Company or to the Eev. Mr. Elliot. If tiiey belong to Mr. Elliot, ho would perhaps be willing to sell them, should the Company so desire." On the 17th January, 1872, the Clerk received from J. T. Gilkison, Esq., a letter as to the Tuscarora parsonage graiit of eight acres and on the subject of roads. It was as follows : — "3928. As to the grant of eight acres of land for parsonage, Tuscarora. "Indian Office, Bbantford, Canada, " 3rd Jamiari/, 1872. " Sir, -I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6th 22 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. ii- ■V' >',■' it November last, in respect to this parcel of land, and the delay in the issue of tlie Patent for the same. " In reply, I have to state, that on the 4th Feb. 1868, the Council agreed to surrender in trust the said eight acres of land for the pur- pose stated, and the minute so reported to the Department ; but it was not until the lapse of some time, I was informed the mode of surrender I thouglit sufficient, was not approved of. I again and again brought the subject before the Council, but it was deferred ; and lately Mr. Chance having said he would like some additional land, I suggested an application in writing, and the whole might be passed at the same time. " I have also your other letter of the 6th November, in regard to six acres of land for school purposes, in the lower part of the Ecserve, for the mission under the l?ev. Mr. lloberts, and you will please assure the Committee, that these matters I will endeavour to have satisfac- torily disposed of without delay, though I cannot say the precise day. " As for the roads in the Eeserve, they always receive my attention, and the statute labour has done much for them these few years past ; but without a money expenditure, the side roads cannot be repaired, and I have recommended to the Council an expenditure of a thousand dollars a year for a few years to come ; but though the Government approved, I could not induce the Council to grant it, but I am not without hope they will yet do so ; if not, I hope the Department will give me the requisite authority to expend money. " I have the honour to be. Sir, " Your most obedient servant, " J. T. GiLKISON, " Vis. Sitpt, and Com. Indian Affairs. With reference to the Rev. R. J. Roberts' journal, under the dates 26th October and 3rd November, 1871,* the Com- mittee (8th February, 1872) applied to the Hon. A. E. Botsford (now one of the members of the Company), on the subject of Indian farms being worked by white men " on shares " and otherwise. They requested him to inform thera whether this interference of white men with Indian farms, is not calculated to lead to the dispossession of the Indians, and to a gradual inroad by the M'hites upon the property of the Indians. If he disapproved the practice, they further requested * See poet pp. 264 and 268. , iirs. luder >om- .. E. the "on Ithera IS, is I, and If the lested 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 23 his advice whether the Committee could adopt any and what steps to put an end to it. The Committee also requested his advice in reference to a farm supposed to be worked by a white interloper. Mr. Botsford's reply, the 14th March, 1872, was received on the 15th April, and was as follows: — " From what I saw of tlie effects of permitting white men to work Indian farms ' on shares ' at Is'ew Credit, when ut the Grand River, I am rather favourable to the practice, as some of the best cultivated farms on the Indian Reserve were thus worked. Tlie buildings and fences were in better order than on the adjoining farms cultivated by the Indians ; and I consider the example thus given to the Indians was of great service to them, some of whom had taken advantage of it. To permit, however, the whites to take possession of any portion of the Indian Reserve without the requisite authority, is a very difl'ereiit afl'air, and I would I'ecommend you to call the attention of Mr. Giikison to the case to whicii you refer, and request him to investigate the matter. The Dominion Act (31 Vict. cap. 42) gives full power to the Depart- ment of Secretary of State for the ^lanagement of Indian Lands, to remove any white person settling on such lands." On the 23rd ^lay, 1872, the Committee inquired of the missionaries at the Grand River Reserve what number of Indian farms on the Reserve were then worked by white men on shares, and if the practice was increasing, or other- wise. The following Report .'ated March 2nfl, 1872, from C. J. Blomfield, Esq., was received March 18th, 1872 : — "At Brantford I called, last week, on Mr. Giikison, who informed me that he had written to you, explaining the matter of the conveyance to Dr. Oronhyatckha by Smith and Loft. From conversation with Mr. Roberts, and the brother of tlie Doctor, whom I met at his house, I gathered that the title, altliougli not legally, is, to all intents and purposes, a better one than Mr. Giikison will, I think, have led the Committee to suppose. To make the title perfect, legally, a surrender should be obtained from the Indians in Council, after which a patent will be issued. It is doubtful whether the Indians will give this surrender, for some time at least, owing to the opposition of the pagans ; but they can do nothing to disturb the possession given by 24 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 1872.] !l is Siniih and Loft, wliose quit-claim is perfectly valid and binding. Tbo JJ.iplist cliurehcs, and other relij^ious and educational buildings, are on lai\d to wiiich there is no better title, and it has never been contemplated by the Indians to attempt to disturb possession in these cases. The Company will, I am satisfied, incur no risk in taking formal possession of property', and erecting buildings thereon. As, however, there is a possibility of not obtaining surrender and patent for some time, a trustee or trustees sliould be appointed to act in the event of the death of Dr. Oronhyatekha, to be Indians of the same tribe as present trustee and parlies to (pnt-elaim. " The evening after visiting the Institution* I met Mr. Eoberts at the Onondaga Station, where he waited for me over two hours, tlie Eulfalo and Lake Huron K. It. being in connection with G. T. 1{. 11., and therefore, of course, very irregularly worked. Mr. and Mrs. Itoberts gave me a very kind reception at their house. There happened to be that evening what is termed a ' surprise party.' A nimiber of * whites' from the vilhige where Mr. Eoberts had recently officiated, came over with presents and a written testimonial of the esteem in which he was tliere held. Mr. and Mrs. IJoberts appear to be much respected by the people in that section of country, both whites and Indians, and I should say that Mr. Koberts is likely to be the means of bringing into our Church a great number of pagans, one of whom was present that evening at his house. I had the pleasure of meeting Miss Crombie, whose stepbrother, a lawyer in Toronto, is an old friend of mine. The Company is fortunate in having secured her services, which must be worth a good deal more than her present aalary. '* The following day I visited with Mr. llobcrts the lots referred to in your letter. On the way, the temporary house used for school section iio. 10 was pointed out to me It had been proposed, I was informed, to get Mr. Elliot to take charge of this section, but he is an old man, not fit for nmch travel (as I heard), and the Bcction appears to come ]iroperlj' in Mr. Eoberls' province. The change would be very dis- tasteful to the Indians. Mr. Garlow, German Indian, offered to give a lot, if a school-house be erected overj which Mr. Koberts shall bo superintendent, but not otherwise. I recommend the Committee to accept and act upon INfr. Garlow's offer. Tiie land referred to in your letter of >vhich Smith and Loft have given quit-claim, is a peculiarly eligible site for school, church, or mission-house. The soil is dry and the situation is the height of a gentle incline. The country round it is rolling and comparatively ♦ .« ee p. i)J 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS, 25 ro )r pretty, for tbe rest is flai and extremely unintcrostint);. What i? marked on map thus, ' a Proposed Site of Schoolmaster's House,' appears to be a house ow ned by 13carer and let by him, with 100 acres of land, of V hich some 35 or 40 are cleared, for tbe ridiculously small sum of 90 dollars a year. With a few acres of land, it would bo a very suitable residence for ^Ir. IJobcrts, who is greatly in need of proper accommo- dation. An arrangement of this kind might perliaps be made by Beaver building another house for present tenant. In the event of the Company deciding to ereet a house for Mr. Roberts, I may mention a cheap, warm, and tolerably substantial kind of house, frequently put up here. A rough frame house with brick outside walls. Single brick is sufficient, but great care must be taken that the mortar be properly binding. Such a house can be rapidly built. " The ju'esent school-room at Beaver's is neat, and I dare say suffi- ciently commodious, but it is open to the fatal objection tliat it is attached to a ' Store ' where spirituous liquors are sold. Many of the Indiana refuse to send their children there on that account, and the holding service in the room occasions some scandal res^. 'ting our Church of England, "Feeling satisfied that the Committee would incur no risk m so doing, I strongly rocommcnd them to give immediate authority for the erection of a school-house on the site. They would also, I consider, be acting with justice and judgment, if they have the means, in taking early steps to secure a suitable home for Mr. and Mrs. lloberts." The following letter, dated March 1st, 1872, from Dr. Oronhyatekha, was received 21st March, 1872 : — " In reply to your letter asking me for information in reference to the title of the land deeded to me in trust for the New England Com- pany, by Peter Smith and George Loft, and also as to whether I would transfer the property to the New England Company, I beg to say that the title of Peter Smith and George Loft is good. Many years ago Peter Smith gave the farm, from which the six acres are taken, to his son-in-law, George Loft, and George Loft has been in occupation for fifteen or twenty years past. About two years ago Peter Smith sold his old homestead, for five cr six thousand dollars, to another Indian, a member of the tribe. Peter Smith then moved down to this farm, and bought back this farm from his son-in-law, George Loft. But as George Loft was still living on the farm, I said to them, to make assurance doubly sure, you had better both sign the deed conveying the six acres to me. We should have had this property conveyed direct to the Company if such a course had been valid. No Indian can deed his ' It )« M I i'.^i lit i •If 2G CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. property to a white man without a surrender, hut an Indian may transfer his property to any other Indian, a member of the Six Nations, and the transaction be h'gal and bindmg. In fact, thia does occur almost daily ; farms of considerable value parsing from one Indian to another by a * quit-claim ' deed. In this way I bought some land at the Bay of Quinte lleservation, and erected thereon a house and barn, at a cost of five thousand dollars ; and when the Deputy Chief Superintendent, who is the virtual head of Indian affairs, threatened me with loss of my improvements, on the ground that I was a membe»* of the Six Nations, and not of the Bay of Quints Mohawks, and therefore no right to acquire property there — this being done at the instance of Eev. G. A. Anderson, late Missionary to the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte, who, for reasons best known to himself, had a particular horror of my becoming a resident at the Bay of Quintd— I replied, when the Indian Department were prepared to bring an action of ejectment, I was prepared to go before the Courts and establish my right to my property. Since then they have left me serenely alone, knowing well I had right and law on my side. There seems to me to be a ring among our officials by which any independence on the part of any indi- vidual Indian is stamped out. And as I am not particularly fond of this stamping out process, I have made myself exceedingly obnoxious to some of these ofBciala. Particularly is this true of our friend Mr. Gilkison, at the Grand Siver, whose official acts I have had reversed twice by the Government. " Under these circumstances, I was pitched upon as most likely not to be interfered with ; and I was named to hold tho land in trust for the New England Company. The title under which I hold the six acres I regard as perfectly good ; and, as I can hold the property only for the one purpose expressed in the deed, the Company are perfectly safe from me. " "With regard to white men acquiring property in Indian land.^ the mode of procedure is this : — A ' Surrender ' is obtained from the chief. This ' Surrender ' is made to the Government. The effect of this 'Surrender' is merely to put the title in the land, in the Crown; and such surrendered lands are like any other Crown lands. They become subject to taxation ; and it gives the Indian in possession of a particular lot, the right to sell to any person, white or Indian, or to retain it, only paying taxes as other of her Majesty's subjects. In this way, my father held one hundred acres for over twenty years ; the tract in which his lot was situate, had been surrendered to the Govern- ment, but he did not choose to sell his right till within a few years of his death. rA. 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 27 " After a ' Surrender' in due form, and after extinguishing the indi- vidual Indian's rights in a particular lot, then the white man may obtain a patent for such lot from the Crown. "While wo would all prefer that a ' Surrender ' could be obtained and a patent issued to the Company in due form, atill, knowing that a * Surrender ' just now is impossible, we took the other course of securing the property to the Company, in order to enable them to proceed at once with their work. It is not necessary to go into details as to why it is not possible to obtain a ' Surrender ' just now. SufBce it to say, that to obtain a ' Surrender,' the chiefs (and there are about sixty) must be unanimous ; and that parties in the employ of the Company liave been and are now prompting the pagan chiefs to have nothing to do with Mr. Roberts — to write to the Company, through Mr. Superin- tendent Gilkison, and say they, the pagans, want nothing to do with the Rev. Mr. lioberts. " It is also reported, that if the opposition is kept up, eventually the Company will withdraw the Ilex. Mr. Eoberts. " Give us a parsonage for Mr. Eoberts in the midst of the pagans and a school-house, and I am satisfied that in a few years he will accomplish more than has been done during the last half-century. "I shall cheerfully transfer the quit-claim to the New England Company whenever they may desire it. " I may say, I would have answered earlier, but I have been expect- ing to go to Ottawa, to try and get something from the Government in the shape of a guarantee, or to sanction a lease from me to the Com- pany for 999 years, with the privilege of renewing at expiration oi time. Owing to professional engagements, I I'nve not yet been able to go down." The following letter from Dr. Oronhyatekha to the Treasurer, dated April 14th, 1872, was laid before the Com- mittee on the 13th May. "I visited Ottawa last week with the view of inducing the Govern- ment to sanction a lease from me to the New England Company of the six acres, in the Cayuga Mission, for 999 years, which would be as good as a patent. " The Deputy Superintendent would have dismissed the matter with a word, but I succeeded in bringing other influence to bear, and the Hon. Joseph Howe, Secretary of State for the Provinces and the Ex- officio Superintendent of Indians, promised us his assistance, and authorized me to write to you and say that the Government would do 28 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. V A i everything within its power to secure you .a the possession of the six acres. "As I could not stay longer away from my business, I left the matter in the hands of Hon. John Langton, who promised to push the matter with the Government. I hope soon to be able to send you something more tangible from the Government, in the shape of a lease. In the meantime, however, I can aj:;ain assure you that the New England Company need have no fear of ever being disturbed in their possession, and there would absolutely be no trouble if the Company could control its employes at the Grand Kiver, and prevent them from interfering with Mr. lioberts' Mission." *•:■.:* m The Clerk on the 20th Alay, 1872, wrote to Dr. Oroiiliya- tekha inquiring whether the deed of the 6th of November, 1871, eonveying six aeres of land to hira in trust for the Company, was not sufficient for all purposes, and requested liim to obtain the sanction of the Government to this deed, or to a Lease as he had suggested, if such sanction should be necessary. On the 3rd July, 1872, Dr. Oronliyatekha's reply was received, stating chat he had already visited Ottawa twice for the purpose of securing from the Government a lease to the New England Company, so as to place the title absolutely beyond question, and that he had considerable difficulty owing to circumstances to which he referred ; but that at his last visit, the matter was definitely settled, and the consent of the Government obtained, and that he hoped soon to be able to forward to the Company the necessary papers. During the whole of the year 1872, the Committee have been much occupied by claims made upon the Company by one J. S. Kingston, now or late a tenant of the Company's Onondaga School lot. These claims are understood to have arisen out of dealings between the Rev. Canon Nelles and himself, relating to the terms on which he was to liold the land and the quantity of land comprised in the holding. As J i r e is r e r |e 1872.] CANADIAN LAND URANTS. 89 these elaims are still under investigation, the Coinnuttec postpone any detailed statement on the suhjeet to a suhsc- quent Report, when the qncstions at issue shall have bci-u finally disposed of. On the 18th September, 187.2, the Clerk rceeived from Canon Nelles a lease to Jas. iNIordue, dated l.'ith May, 18")8, for seven years from the date, of part of the Oneida School lot ; and at the same time the Canon informed the Clerk that the lease of the residue of the Oneida School lot to llildrcd, and the lease of the whole of the Delaware School lot to David ..I'Clung were similar. The Canon at the same time forwarded to the Company the following memorandum endorsed on the lease to Morduc : — " I send this original lease of the Oneida Seliool lot, the rent has been increased to twenty dollars, and lately to forty dollars a year ; Ills lease expires in April next, and I will be glad to be informed of the wishes of tlie Company with respeet to it. The lease to Ilildred for other part of the lot also expires at the same time. As the Com- pany request that I will not renew any lease without their sanction, I will be glad to be informed on the subject. Mordue now occupies about one-half of the lot." On the 18th September, 1872, the Clerk also received from the Canon two letters from David M'Clung, one ad- dressed to himself and the other to the Company, with a memorandum endorsed by the Canon on the first, to the effect that M'Clung appeared to be a reliable man, and had always paid his rent, and that IM'CIung's lease would expire on the 1st April, 1873. The second letter was as follows : — " CAxroA ViLXAGK, Protince OF Ont.\eio, " Dominion of Canada, "August IGlh, 1872. " To the Members of the " New England Company, England, " Gentlemen, — Having spent the best part of my life as your tenant on Lot No. 1, Jones Track, River Eange, and my lease having expired. 80 CANADIAN LAND QUANTS. [1872. If I would bog to make the following propoanl for your consiclorotiori regarding paid lot of land. I will give two thousand five hundred dollars for said farm, as follows, viz., one thousand dollars at time of ])urehaso, the balance in five equal aunual instalments, with interest at eix ptr cent. •' If this should not meet your approval, I would beg to again lease the farm for the term of twenty years, at nn annual rent of one hun- dred dollars, which is as high a price as it can be leased for; also, at the same time, granting me the privilege of prospecting lor Gypsum, or plaster, on said lot of land, and, if successful in finding it, I w ill give you one thousand dollars for the bed, or twenty-five cents per ton for the quantity I take out and dispose of. " Should plaster be found on the place it cannot be an extensive bed, from the peculiar lay of the laud, and you may judge the value of a plaster bed in this locality when there is now twelve beds in a distance of as many miles, and limited to sales in a territory sixty miles long by forty miles wide. "NVo cannot compete in the United States market with their beds, so that wo cannot extend oar sales, while each year developes new beds. " Your honourable body will al .ke into consideration that the buildings on said lot w ill have to 1 ired, or rebuilt, at a heavy ex- pense, before re-leasing, so that, if you can sell, it would be to your advantage so to do. "Awaiting your answer, " I remain, your obedient servant, " David M'Cluno." In Octo1)er, 1872, the Committee declined to sell the Delaware Mission School lot, and requested Mr. C. J. Blomficld to view this lot and report to the Committee on its value for letting on lease, or sale, and advise as to the terms on which a lease should be granted, and as to ttie tenant's offer, and also to view and report on the Oneida Mission School lot, leased to Mordue and liildred. ( On the 27th November, the question of the sale of these two lots, as well as the Onondaga Mission School lot, was considered by the Committee, and on the 10th December, 1872, the Clerk wrote to Mr. C. J. Blomficld as follows : — " On the 17th October last I had the pleasure to write you by 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 81 J. lie da direction of the Coiumittcp of tliis Compnny, requesting you to bo good enough to inspect on their behalf and nend th( ni u report on the Delaware Mission School lot and the Oneiihi Mission School lot, form- ing part of the lands belonging to tlieni en the (irand iJiver. "The Coniniittee have since lind iinder their coiisidcralion the ques- tion of the sule of these two School lots, as well aa the Onondaga Mission Scliool lot, on the ground that the Indians for whoso benctit these three School lots were set apart, have niii^rcted to the soiith side of the river, and the lots have therefore ceased to bo of any utility to them. The three lots comprise each KK) acres of land. " The Onondaga School lot is Bituatc on the northern bank of tho Grand Kiver, about eighteen milea cast from Urantford, and about one and a half or two miles west of Caledonia. Tliis lot has been let to a Mr. John S. Kingston who desires to renew his lease ; and in tho case of this lot, aa well as the two others, the Committee will bo obliged to j'ou to favour them with your opinion ot their value for sale, and their yearly value if let on lease. " The Committee do not contemplate the sale of these lots of land, unless suitable prices could be obtained foi them; and '^y will thank you in your report to mention in what manner you consider they should proceed in olfering them for sale. The leases having now ex- pired, or being about to expire, the present is in that respect a favour- able time for effecting a sale. " It is suggested that gypsum has been discovered on tho Delaware Mission School lot, and the Committee has had an offer of a gross sum of money or a royalty per ton for the grant of the right to remove this mineral." On the 10th Ueccmber, 1873, Canon Nelles was informed that the Company contemplated the sale of these lots, and had therefore determined not to grant any new leases then, but desired Canon Nelles to arrange, if necessary, for their temporary occupation by the present tenants or others. On the 18th December, 1872, the following report* was received from Mr. Blomfield : — 3se i-as er. " rETEnBonouon, 28/A Novemler, 1872. " In accordance with a request contained in your letter of the 17tb of October, I took the first opportunity of paying a visit to the Indian Reserve near Brantford. by • The rest of this report may be found at p. 151. 82 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. ii f ! "As I did not know how to reach the places referred to in your letter, I wrote to the Kev. E. J. Eoberts, roquestins liini to meet me at Braritford. lie met me on the 15th inst., and we walked over to the Mohawk Institution. • •»«** " Mr. Aslilon had a pair of horses put into a wapjiron, whieh, like everything else, appeared to belong to Mr. Nelles, and drove ua over to visit the Oneida Mission School lot. " This lo* is divided into two lots, running north from the river, each about 50 acres as stated. The west half has been rented by ]\Ir. Hildred for 50 do'lars a year. The house is old, and the barn and out- houses poor. Mr. Hildred says he is going to leave. The east half has been rented by !Mordue for 70 dollars. I did not see JVEcrduo himself, but his son told me he was desirous of renting the )>lacc for a further term ; said his tenancy expired last year ; thought his fixther took the place for a term, but had no lease, as Mr. Ncllcs told him it would be ' all right.' The front of the two lots south of the Brantford and Hamilton Toll Eoad, which I judge to be aljout 10 acres in extent, irrespective of the 2-J- acres and 1^- acres marked in your map* as School House lot, is ver^' good land, but like the rest of both lots has evidently been badly farmed and not manured. 'I'he situation overlooking the Grand Eiver is charming, and the sit ■ would be a most eligible one for suburban villa residences, say in lots of 5 acres each. There ai*o some very pretty places a very short dis- tance nearer town, and I have no doubt but that a good price could be obtained for this portion of the lot if sold in that way ; I am not prepared to name the exact sum, but I should say not less than 100 dollars an acre. The land north of the road as far as the railroad, is good, except perhaps a portion to the cast which is rather swampy. A {(?vi' acres at the extreme north beyond the rail- road, arc also swampy. IMordue has sublet his portion north of tlie railroad doubtless for a higher rent than he paid for the whole lot. Both Hildred and Mordue complained that the land was very poor. and almost worthless, and that the soil was very cold, there being a subsoil of hard clay; the polic_^ f the Company's tenants, however, is evidently to belittle their farms, so that the rent they pay may be assumed to be a fair one. "The farm immediately adjoining the O. INI. School lot, is reported to be an excellent one ; and I believe that if the school lot is properly drained and farmed, it will be nearly as good. The tenants say that it cannot be drained into the railroad ditch, which is not kept cleaned • See this map between pp. 74 and 75 of ropoit for 1809-70. ? i Plan of the IM THE liV Hi.itory A Report^ nf ih& iiW Jiritfluiul iitrnpuny. l86}>-70 payc 65.) /T 44... (^€--2-^ 1 ^■1 /xw/ A^'a/// / / ■ h'fu/j oad ~ 7 OH t/fi v/' fffi//rfHnt -- 2-1 ft Ufi SoittA of h'MUrocuL 'iilOO TvlaJy Army vT LcV - 100 fh^ by Q t/oftrustone. PL. Surveyor StJ!d«Y»?5T« •1 i 1 \J 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. out, and that it would be necessary to cut through the front of lot, which is higher than rear (qy.), an expensive proceeding. I imagine, however, that there is no real difficulty about this, but I cannot give a decided opinion. " The fences are greatly out of repair ; and in order to secure a fair rental, it will be necessary to put a good board fence round the whole lot north of the road, The cost of this would be about 7(K) dollars. The increased rent will represent good interest for the outlay. " Tiie rail fences can bo made use of by the tenant, for the fields. I would recommend the Conijiany to sell the front of lot as suggested above, for Villa lots, and to sell or let the rear — about 8(i acres — na a farm. From its proximity to Brantford, I believe the land would fetch about 50 dollars an acre, or would let when fenced, even without buildings, at 2.50 dollars an .acre if let for a term of not less than seven years. The whole lot as it stands now, i.e., the two halves with the buildings thereon, should sell for o't dollars an acre, or if fenced should let for 3 dollars an acre; without fencing, probably 2 dollars at least. I do not advise renewing Mordue's lease or term of tenancy. In letting, care should be taken to obtain a good tenant who will improve the place, and the Company will then benefit by t'ae increase in value, which is likely to attach to all land in vicinity ot Brantford, from year to year for sonic time. " ^ftcr visiting these lots, Mr. Ashton drove us into Brantford. On the following morning we started by daybreak by train to Calcd(!iia; after Iiieakfast we hired a i^am and visited Onnidaga School lot, Scnff township, about 1^ miles from the village, — occupied by Kingston, about which Mr. Roberts requested me to take notes. The lot is avery good one, but the fences are out of repair. There is a pretty bush at the rear, but not ralual 'c for fuel. • ••»•• " ll)e lot, if properly fenc i, with buildings thereon, would let for 3 dollars per acre ; the lot aa it is, would probably sell for 50 dollnrs an acre. " We neit visited the Delawu Mission School lot, otherwise Lot No. 1, Jones' Tract, which - succeeded in finding after making many inquiries. This ia situated about H miles East of Cayuga, and thirteen from Caledonia. I made several inciuiries both on the road and previously at Brantford, respecting gypsum, so I was prepared for Mr. M 'Clung on that question. "The lot is very prettily situated on Grand River, the front or south is good land, the rear or north rather swampy in places, and it i^ 34 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. Il rii ill not unlike the Oneida School lot in this respect. M'Clung also stating that lot can only be drained hy cntting through bank or higher land by river of which I have my doubts as in other case. M'Clung also said the lot was worthless, that he could not raise anything on it, although I noticed that on one field he had succesofully raised a crop of Canadian thistles. He said that all his sons had left him, and that he was too old to work the farm now, but that he was attached, to the place and wanted to end his days on it. On my suggesting that a smaller patch of ground might meet his requirements, he changed his tack, and said there were a few sons left yet. He also made un- reliable statements on the subject of gypsum, and contradicted himself about this and about his lease, in which he said there were no covenants. I noticed the usual covenant to keep buildings and fences in repair, which he had utterly neglected. "M'Clung offered to me 35(X> dollars outright for the lot, from which, referring to your letter, it is clear to me that he has found gypsum on his lot, although he said it was extremely doubtful if it would be found there. He also offered (as per your letter) 25 cents a ton for gypsum. His immediate neighbour, Taylor, gives 50 cents, which is con- sidered a very low price. M'Clung first stated that Taylor had bought the place outright, but on Mr. Eoberts letting him know that we had heard of arrangement, he had to acknowledge it, his wife stepping in to the rescue and saying that Taylor regretted his rashness, and was losing every day. " The fact is that M'Chmg is thoroughly unreliable, and evidently wants the lot as a speculation on which he can double his money, either by sale outright, or by getting royalty of 60 cents a ton (probably more), and paying only 25 cents. On my return to To- ronto, I called on Mr. Buckland, Professor of Agriculture, and head of that particular department under the Minister of Agriculture and Immigration, and had some conversation on gypsum. He in- formed me that Taylor's is the best in the country. "Taylor has his mill on the banks of the river, within sight of M'Clung's lot, but we had not time to go and see it. The crushing and grinding arrangement is very simple, as we noticed at a mill on the road at a place called York. Taylor ships down the river to various places on Lake Erie. He gets 4 dollars a ton at mill. From York the gypsum or plaster of paris is shipped to Brantford, where it sells at 5 dollars per ton. I made out from various inquiries that the cost of getting out and crushing, does not much exceed 1 dollar per ton, and ''lat after shipping, and payment of commission, there is a profit to owner and worker of about 2 dollars a ton, or 50 per cent. i 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 35 Le in- ( on sale. The lowest statement being from a man in the business (who I imagine, was unwilling to show full profits), 1 dollar per ton. Tlio information from those interested in the trade had to be checked by information elsewhere. It was stitod to me, for instance, by two or three, that with the sixty beds now being worked, the demand is more than supplied, and that gypsum beds are now hardly worth anything. The demand, however, as far as I can judge, is constantly growing, and by new facilities of transport, the area supplied is constantly extending. I endeavoured to ascertain what had been paid in any case outright for a vein likely to prove a valuable plaster bed, but in the cases coming under my observation special arrangements had been made — in one case a royalty, and in the other, one brother work- ing the land of a lot and the other the mine. Gypsum is, as perhaps the Committee are aware, sulphate of lime, in appearance like crystal- line limestone or white marble, only more brittle. A bed is the usual phrase, but it is found in what should more properly be termed a vein, being only two or three feet wide, and not generally of much depth. It is mined by drifting from the side of a hill, as being lesis expensive than sunken shafts. We went a short way up a tunnel, but it was too wet and dark for us to proceed, aad it was easy to imagine the working chamber. I am not in a position to say what a vein is worth — cash — but if it is of first quality, as probably it is in this ease, and likely to run across 100-acre lot, I should think 4,000 dollars would not be an unreasonable price. A royalty would be a very satisfactory way of working it, provided that returns of sales could be checked, but there would be some difficulty about this. Sworn returns are not worth much in this country, unless from a man of good reputation for integrity. The bulk of the plaster got out, except a little sold to farmers in the immediate neighbourhood, might perhaps be ascertained by the books of the shipping agent at Port Maitland, on Lake Erie, but I should have to make further inquiries about this before making any definite recommendation. Any arrangement of this kind should, whether checks can be devised or not, be made with a reliable man, of good reputation. The royalty should certainly not be less than 50 cents a ton, and from the superior quality of the plaster on Taylor's lot, and I imagine on the lot in question, 75 cents, or possibly 1 dollar might be obtained. " You may infer from what I have written above, that the farm has been neglected ; one field only, next the river, appeared to have been properly worked. M'Clung's first statement was doubtless correct, that he is too old to farm it without more assistance than he can obtain. He, of course, said that his offer was foolishly liberal, but I d2 36 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. J i have no doubt the lot is reftdily saleable, irrespective of gypsuia, or reserving the right to mine for it, at 40 dollars an acre. Two rail- roads, the Canada Southorn, direct for Buffalo to Detroit, and the car line, from Buffalo to Glcncoe on the Great Western, en route to Detroit, arc now nearly completed. They will both be within half a mile of Cayuga, which will be an important station. At present it is a village ill all but name, but a very few years (four or five) will make it an important town, when the lot in question will be readily saleable at 50 dollars an acre. " M'Clung's offer to take a new lease for twenty years at 100 dol- lars, which he says is a high price, is not to be entertained for a minute. The Company should fence lot with boards, using rails for inner enclosures as in case of Oneida School lot, and they will have no difficulty in letting it for 2.50 or 3 dollars an arre. I would not recommend their letting for a longer term than seven years ; at the end of that term, lot can be let at a higher rate or wi'.t be more valuable for sale. A good tenant should be secured ; I recommend the Company not to let again to M'Clung on any terms. " It is clear the Company has not been receiving from any of its tenants more than one-fourth, or at least one-third, what it ought to have received for rentul of its farm properties, and that they have been unfortunate in the tenants selected. " I forward you two forms of lease in use in the vicinity of Brant- ford ; T recommend adoption of longer form. It appears to provide for everything that a tenant iu tliis country is likely to accede to. You may notice a clause securing deep ploughing. •' The Oneida and Delaware lots, I believe, can be much improved by this. There is a clause about fencing that would meet these cases, but unfortunately there is no rail timber worth mentioning left on any of the lots ; and although common timber is dear — 11 dollars a thou- sand feet— board fencing is now the cheapest in section of country referred to. " Although I have, I trust, given more correct information as to the value of the Company's properties near Brantford and Cayuga, than the Committee were previously in possession of, I should hardly be in a position, living as I do nearly 200 miles away, to carry out my own suggestions, should the Committee request mo to do so. " The Committee would, I think, act wisely in placing these matters in the hands of Mr (W.) Mathews, who I understand reported on one lot for the Company. He is an Auctioneer and Land Agent at Brantford, and is well spoken of as a very reliable man. He has been twice Mayor of the town, and has held other offices of trust. i 1872.] CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. 87 " The travelling expenses of this expedition came to double what they were last February, nearly 50 dollars — say £10 sterling — for I paid Mr. Roberts' expenses while he was with me, and the coat of conveyance for our long drive in the country was unusually heavy, owing to tb*i horse disease which has been prevalent all over the con- tinent. I vttd jbliged to sleep three nights at Brantford, partly to obtain information from various parties, and two in Toronto, owing to indiflerent connection of trains. Tiie investigation that I was obliged to make, to enable me to give information of any value, of aecessity took some little time. " I am, dear Sir, " Yours truly, " Chas. Jas. Blohfibld. "I will send forms of lease next Thursday, by the Canadian cheaper mail, and will give an estimate of cost of fencing, which at present I am obliged to leave blank. " Cost of fencing 100-acre lot, about 800 dollars. " December Ut, 1872. "The above was, unfortunately, just too late for last Saturday's mail, so I send forms of lease herewith. C. J. B. On the 23rd December, 1872, the Committee instructed Mr. Ashton to apply to the Rev. Canon Nelles to deliver to him all leases and agreements, both such as have expired and such as are now current, of lauds on the Oneida, Onondaga, and Delaware Mission School lots ; and on the same date sent the Rev. Canon Nelles an authority to deliver the documents to Mr. Ashton accordingly. In August, 1872, the Committee requested Mr. E. R. Roberts to ascertain and report whether the trustees of the 1120 acres at Rice Lake, and of the 70 acres in the township of Cramahe, were still living. The grant of the 1120 acres, 19th April, 1834, was to the Revs. Richard Scott and Alexander Bethune and to Charles Anderson, Charles Rubridge, and the Hon. George Hercheimer Mark land.* * See report, 1870, p. 67. 38 CANADIAN LAND GRANTS. [1872. Irl i I- i IS 1 1 I ! ■ I 1 '• As to the 70 acres, the Rev. Richard Scott's conveyance was dated 25th February, 1837 j the trustees were the Hon. Zaccheus Burnhara and the Hon. Thomas Alexander Stewart.* The Committee considered it probable that after so long an interval most, if not all, of these trustees had died, and that it might be proper to appoint new trustees. On the 22nd October, 1872, the Committee received from Mr. Edward Roberts a letter, dated the 2nd of that month, in which he furnished a copy (not very accurate) of an exem- ])lification, dated the 15th March, 1858, of the original grant, dated 19th April, 1831, as recorded on 30th May, 1834, in the Registrar's Office, Canada, Book E., fo. 491. Mr. Roberts' letter also contained an imperfect copy of an appointment of a new trustee, dated 5th June, I860, from which it appeared that on Mr. Scott's death the Rev. John Gilmour had been appointed a trustee instead of Mr. Scott,t and that upon the death of Mr. Anderson, William Henry AVrighton had been appointed a trustee, and that he had since died ; and that the appointment of Mr. Gilmour and Mr. Wrighton had been destroyed by fire, 10th June, 1857, in the office of Robert Dennistoune, of Peterborough, barris- ter, and that accordingly Mr. Gilraour's appointment was to be confirmed, and that he and the other surviving trustees had agreed to appoint Robert Dennistoune a trustee in place of William Henry Wrighton. Mr. E. Roberts' letter then proceeds : — " The next appointment was on the first day of July, 1867. By Alexander Bethune, Charles llubridge, John Gilmour, llobert Dennis- toune, to Mark Burnham of Ashburnham, in the county of Peterboro.' And the third appointment was on the 7tli day of October, 1868, by Alexander Bethune, Charles Eubridge, Robert Dennistoune, Mark Burnham, to Edward Biddell Koberts. — " Of the above-named gentlemen, liichard Scott, Charles Anderson, * See report, 1870, pp. 88, 69. t This appointmeut vra« dated Ist April, 1840. 1872.] CANADIAN LAND URANTS. W. H. Wrijrliton, Jolm Gilraour, ani G. H. Markland, are dead. Alex- ander Bethuae is Bishop of Toronto. Charles Rubridge is registrar of the county of Peterboro', but is now extremely old and infirm, not capable of attending to any business. Robert Dennistoune is the judge for the county of Pe«^ciboro'. Mark Burnham is a retired Episcopal clergyman, and resides in Ashburnhara (which is part of Peterboro', separated from it by the river Otonabee). I was the last appointed. " There ia a difficulty about the 70 acres to which you refer in the township of Cramahe, which I have not yet been able to clear up. I will make further inquiry about it, and let you know what I can ascer- tain. I 40 NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. [1871. I 1 i III.— NEW ENGLAND COMPANY'S PROCEEDINGS IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. i.— GARDEN RIVER, 1871. 1. — Discontinuance of the Company's Grants to this Station. The proposal for an exchange of missions between the Rev. James Chance, who wished for the sake of his chihhcn's edu- cation to leave Garden lliver and move further south, and the Rev. Robert J. Roberts, who on account of the health of his faniily was desirous of the exchange, is noticed at pages 118 and 223 of the Report for 1870. The exchange was not carried into effect, owing to difficul- ties in the way of obtaining the necessary licence from the Bishop of Toronto. In February, 1871, the Company received from the Honour- able A. E. Botsford a letter dated the 3rd February, 1871, as follows : — " Dear Sir, — I hare rcccired your letter of tlie 30th December, en- closing copies of resolutions passed by the Special Committee on Indian Afl'airsat their meeting on the 13th December, and copies of the letter and document enclosed therein, of the liev. James Chance.* " I leave for Ottawa next week, and when there, will obtain the in- formation required by the New England Company, and will communi- cate the result of my inquiries to you. " I will make the best terms possible with the Indian Department relative to the lot of land given by the Indians to the mission at Garden River." Shortly afterwards the Company received from the Rev. James Chance two letters, one dated the 18th February, 1871, to the following effect : — '• I have to acknowledge the receipt of two diflcrcnt communications * See Report for 1870, p. 223. II' 11 [1871. 1871.] GARDEN RIVER. 41 from tho New Euglaud Company, through Mr. Venning, dated re- spectively December 13th, 187<>, and January 12lh, 1871.* Tho for- mer contains tho resolutions of the Special Committee respcctin;,' tho future management of the Company's missions on the Grand lliver. The latter enclosofl a resoluLion for tho guidance of tho Company's nussionaries generally in drawing their bills of exchange, which I will bo careful to carry out. " In reference to that part of tho letter of December 13tli, which more especially affects the Her. Mr. Roberts and myself, I would re- spectfully remark that when an exchange of missions between him and myself was proposed to me by the Hon. Mr. Botsford, through the Lord Bishop of Huron, I accepted on the conditions that I should sus- tain no loss thereby, and that the necessary arrangements could be effected. You are doubtless aware that it is necessary, before clergymen can remove from one parish or mission to another, to consult with their Bishop and obtain his consent ; and especially is it necessary in removing from one diocese to another, to consult with the Bishops of those dioceses. " Having now been in the diocese of Toronto upwards of twenty years, I have important interests therein. My name is at present nearly at the top of the list of those clergymen who are entitled, in due course, to participate in the Commutation Fund to the extent of £10() currency per annum ; and in case of my death my family would derive important benefit from the Widows and Orphans' Fund. From these reasons and others arises the necessity of making arrangements with the Church authorities in both dioceses. " I hope that all difficulties in the way of an exchange will be re- moved, and that we shall be able to carry out the Company's resolution as early as possible. In the meantime I would ask the consent of the Committee to make some necessary repairs to the Mission-house be- fore the Rev. Mr. Roberts takes possession. At present I could not recommend any expenditure over a few — say £10. The Mission- house was not, for want of funds, very suitably and substantially built at first, many years ago; and if the mission should continue ti prosper, it would be very desirable and necessary to build a new parsonage. "The other letter from Mr. Chance was dated the 21st February, 1871, and was to the following effect : — "I have much pleasure in stating for tho information of the Com- * See Report for 1870, pp. 118 and 119. i 'i. \ ! Lli «l GARDEN niVER. [1671. t ' mittee that the Indians under my care are fully employed this winter in Retting out square timber and saw logs ; the latter for the owner of a mill in the neighbourhood, and thn Tormcr for exportation to (^uebw, and thence to England. They ha^'e also been very regular in their attendance on the means of grace, and have manifested a much deeper interest in the education of their children ; twenty-six of whom are receiving instruction in reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic, geography and natural history. In addition to the day-school, I have a class for adults on the evenings of Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday. On Wednesday evening wo have a service and lecture ; and on Friday evening a singing class. The adult class is attended by tliree married and nine unmarried young men, who are anxious to acquire the English language, and to learn to keep accounts, etc. " Mrs. Chance has had a knitting class for adult females, some of whom are now able to knit stockings, mitts, cuffs, etc., for their own use and for sale, an acquirement which they highly appreciate, and it will prove a great blessing to them, especially as some can prepare and spin the wool. " During the season of Christmas I invited the three chiefs and their messenger and their wives to dine with us at the Mission-house, and I am happy to say that they conducted thcmsL Ives with the utmost pro- priety, as became the native aristocra./ ..' the country. After dinner the chieftainesses withdrew with Mrs. Chance, and I had a long and interesting conversation in Ojibway with the chiefs and their mes- senger on various subjects. The bead chief contrasted their past with their present condition as Christians, and expressed his profound gratitude for the change in their circumstances. They all enjoyed themselves very much, and declared that they had never been so happy before. On another evening we entertained the old widows, six in number, who were very happy too. On the following evening the school children had their annual feast of buns, cakes, and tea, and the usual Christmas-tree, laden with fruit, in the form of articles of clothing of which they all partook, according to their merits and need." On the 9th March, 1871, the Committee wrote to the Bishop of Toronto, informing him of the proposed exchange between the ilev. Robert James Roberts and the Rev. James Chance, and requesting his lordship to grant the usual licence to the former, and at the same time stating that the Company considered the Rev. Mr. Roberts well qualified, by his conciliatory manners, to undertake the mission at { i 1871.] GARDEN IllVUR. 43 Garden lUver ; the manner in which he liad maintained amicable relations with ministers of other denominations in the neighbourhood of Kanyungeh, leading them to believe he would be equally successful at Garden River. On the 1th April, 1871, the Committee postponed the con- sideration of the proposed interchange of missions till the Bishop's answer arrived, but authorized Mr. Chance to have the necessary repairs done to the Mission-house at Garden River, within the limit of £10, mentioned in his letter. The New England Company received on the 15th April a letter from the llev. Francis J. C. Moran, Assistant Clerical Secretary to the Colonial and Continental Church Society, in these terms : — " Again I am called upon to trespass upon your time and attention by laying before you a petition I have just received, with a request that I will lay it before your honourable Court. " The question spoken ol' ^n the petition does seem to come within the scope of the intentions of the founders of the New England Company as far as they can be understood. " May I ask for an early and, I trust, satisfactory reply. " I will again say how much obliged our committee would be if the Court of Directors would furnish the society with a copy of the last Annual Eeport of the New England Company ; such a request seems but a very small one w hen made by a society which has so many objects in common as this society has with the New England Company. The address enclosed in Mr. Moran's letter was : — "London, April, 1871. " Gentlemen, — Wo have been instructed by the Committee on In- dian Missions for the diocese of Toronto to make application to your Society for aid in the work of propagating the Gospel among the Eed men in or bordering upon the diocese. "It has long been felt that the missions among that interesting people require a more constant supervision than, owing to their remote distance from Toronto, can be afforded by the Lord Bishop of the diocese. 1 4i GARDEN RIVER. [1871. ! I " It is now had in contemplation to appoint a Clerical Superinten- tendent for the northern settlements of the diocese, whose duty it will be not only to impart fresh vigour to the missions now in existence, but also to establish new centres for the diffusion of Light and Salvation among the thousands of heathen Indians who are at present as sheep without a shepherd. " The Indians in whose behalf we especially plead are scattered along the northern shores of Lakes Huron and Superior ; and while, through- out the vast extent of territory bordering upon the foimer lake, there may be said to be three Church of England missionaries, on Lake Superior there are none. "We earnestly beg of your Society some pecuniary aid towards the carrying out of this good work, aud know of no field of labour more important than that, the claims of which we now press upon your im- mediate and most favourable consideration. " We have only to add, that this application is made under the sanc- tion of the Lord Bishop of the diocese. " We have the honour to remain, " Gentlemen, " Your most faithful servants, "AuTuun Palmee, M.A., " Archdeacon of Toronto ; " Edwakd Baldwin, M.A., " Canon, St. James's Cathedral, Toronto. "I beg to enclose a copy of a printed statement, just put forth by the Committee of the Synod of *he diocese of Toronto, on Indian Mis- sions, with the sanciioncfthe Bishop of the diocese. "Abthce Falheb, " Archdeacon. "April 8th, 1871. " To the COMMITTKB, OR CORPOHATION OP "THE New England Company." The following are extracts from the priuted statement referred to by Archdeacon Palmer : — "Diocese of Alooma." " The appointment of a Missionary Bishop to promote the interests of our Church in that part of the diocese of Toronto which lies north of Lakes Huron and Superior, including Manitoulin and the other islands along the coast, has long been deemed desirable. The hitc Bishop of Toronto, nearly twenty years ago, in a charge to his clergy. [1871. erinten- y it will isteiice, ligation sheep d along rough - there Lake ds the ' more ir ioi- sanc- 1871.] GARDEN RIVER. 45 ^o. hby Mis- mt sta ■th (C y. expressed his inability to do justice to that remote portion of his diocese, and till the time of his death, did not cease to urge its erection into a separate See. Although in accordance with the suggestion of the late Bishop, the diocese of Toronto— then co-terminous with the Province of Ontario — has been divided into three dioceses, that part which still constitutes the diocese of Toronto is far too large for the efficient oversight of one bishop, and as the demands of the Church in the southern part of the diocese are rapidly increasing, the appointment of a Missionary Bishop for the district of Algoma is a matter that ought no longer to be delayed. " " The prominence given to that region by the organization of the province of ^lanitoba, and the settlement of the Red lliver country (the route to which lies through Algoma), nrges the consideration of the subject on the Church at the present time, and with a view to this, it is deemed advisable to draw attention to it, by a brief description of the district and a statement of its immediate and prospective wants. " The proposer See of Algoma would embrace the territory between Parry Sound on the East, and extend along the shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, to the boundary line between the United States and Canada on the West, a distance of about 800 miles of coast line, in- cluding tiic numerous islands ; and extending north about 100 miles, to the height of land dividing the Hudson's Bay Territory from Canada, and the Sec of Kupert's Land from that of Toronto. "Nearly the whole of the region previously described has been ceded to Government by the Indians ; and at several points, both on the islands and on the mainland, townships have been laid out and are in course of settlement. In one instance a whole township has been applied for by several respectable farmers, with a view of settling their sons. " The mouths of the several rivers flowing into the lakes have long been occupied as trading posts or rnill sites, where lumbering establish- ments are in operation and wliite settlements forming. While at tlio several minin{; stations on both lakeSj similar settlements arc in need of missionary oversight. " Of these settlements the most important are : — " Sault St. Marie, situate at the foot of the rapid by which the waters of Superior flow into Lake Huron. This is a settlement of old standing, and contains many zealous and estimable members of the Church, who have long pleaded, but in vain, for the appointment of a missionary among them. * * * m • • 46 GARDEN' RIVER. a fl|! ■ [1871. " There arc two missioTis under tlie charge of our Church : one at Garden Eivcr, mainly supported by the New England Company, — and anothe' at Sheguaindah, on the Manitoulin Island ; and although much zeal and labour have been bestowed by our Church Society and the missionaries during the past forty years on these Indians, the results at present are by no means so satisfactory as they doubtless would have been, had they enjoyed efficient oversight. It is but due to those who from time to time have administered the Government in Western Canada to acknowledge, that most of them have manifested a kind of fatherly interest in the welfare of the Indians, and did what they could to civilize and improve them. But there can be no question, had our Indian Missions been under the charge of a INIissionary Bishop, whose special duty it would have been to watch over and protect their interests, they would now be in a very different state." ****** The following letter from Canon Baldwin in England to the Clerk, was read to the Company on the 12th April, 1871 :— " Through the Colonial and Continental Church Society you have doubtless received a petition signed by Archdeacon Palmer and my- self; we sent one, such as was laid before you, to i/irce other Missionary Societies in England, and earnestly trust that our appeal will not be in vain. Since sending to you some documents on the subject of the ex- tension of missionary work among the Indians, I have heard from the Chairman of our Committee on Indian Affairs ; he begs me to ask that your aid, long and kindly given to Garden River, or to Mr. and Mrs. Chance, may be continued to Rev. Mr. Wilson, should he change with Mr. Chance ; or, at all events, take his place at Garden River. Mr. C. has wished, for the benefit of his children, to come neai'er the more settled parts of the province, and the cause of Gospel truth would sufl'er much if your aid to that distant post should not be continued to Mr. C.'a successor, should the Chances see fit to move from the post they have so long occupied. I cannot suppose that the New England Society will have any objection to this, when their object is to benefit the Red men. You vote the money for the cause, and not for tlie men who receive the money. It will, however, be very cheering to the committee in Toronto to have an assurance from your Society that you will continue, if you do not increase your assistance. The necessity for this latter course cannot be exaggerated, and we depend very much upon the united co-operation of your own with other Societies for the [1871. 1871.] GARDEN RIVER. 47 extension of the Lord's cause in the remote northern settlements of the diocese of Toronto. " Should you prefer it, you can communicate with me at Toronto, or write at once to Rev. Saltern Givins, Chairman, Indian Committee of Synod, Toronto, Canada." The following letter, dated the 13th April, from the lion. A. E. Botsford to the Clerk, was received on the 28th April : — " Since I arrived at Ottawa, I have had frequer.t interviews with the heads of the Indian Department with reepect to obtaining a grant of the lot of land surrendered to the Rev. Mr. Anderson by the Indian chiefs at Garden River. " Both Mr. Howe and Mr. Sprapge express their willingness to carry out the wishes of the New England Company, but upon a further examination of the documents filed in the department, it was discovered that the Rev. Mr. Anderson had assigned the trust to the ' Incorporated S5Miod of the Diocese of Toronto,' and Mr. Howe does not feel inclined to recommend a grant to issue to the New England Company without the assent of the Synod. We have arranged as to the portion of the lot to be granted, either to the Synod or the Company, as may be agreed upon, which will reserve about 18 acres for the Roman Catholics and an Indian chief, who have been some time in possession of that quantity of the lot. I will write to the Rev. Mr. Givins, who resides at Toronto, and is chairman of the Committee on Indian Missions in the Diocese of Toronto, and ascertain what the views of the Synod are respecting the lot. " I enclose a lettor from Mr. Giving. * * * * * m "In reply to the resolutions passed at a meeting of the Special Committee of the New England Company, the 13th December last, I have to state that the power to appoint missionaries in the province of Ontario is solely in the bishops of the respective dioceses. There in no doubt, however, that the recommendation of the New England Company would have great weight with the bishops in appointing missionaries paid by the New England Company, nor do I think they would appoint any clergyman that did not meet with the approval of the Company. " No difierent rule applies to the appointment of missionaries to the Indians and to the whites. " P.S. After closing my letter I found a memorandum which reminded ' ! 48 GARDEN RIVER. iiTv tl ! [1871. me that the Xew England Company wished me ko furnish some infor- mation respecting the colleges in Ontario. The result of my inquiries is as follows : — " Trinity College, Toronto, is admitted to be an admirable institution ; it is to be observed, however, that it is principally devoted to the education o" young gentlemen designed for the ministry in the Church of England. " The Gait Grammar School, taught by Dr. Tassae, is considered one of the best taught in Canada. " Trinity College School, Port Hope, is highly spoken of. " Hellniuth College, London, and Albert College, Belville, Ontario, are both excellent institutions. " The expense of educating young men at these respective colleges and schools is about the same, though I have not been able to obtaia exact statistics as to the charges in each." The following extracts are from the letter, dated 4th April, from the Rev. Saltern Givins to the Hon. A. E. Botsford. •' I have not been able to learn anything further irora the Eev. Mr. Anderson respecting the surrender of land at Garden River, for the use of that mission, but the Rev. Dr. O'Meara, to whom I wrote, as- sures me there has been no other appropriation of land by the Indiana than that covered by the surrender to Mr. Anderson. The mistake about the quantity has piobably originated in the surrender specifying 200 acres, more or less ; but on the tract surrendered being surveyed, its measurement came very short of it. " This land having been merely surrendered to the Rev. Mr. Ander- son, the Missionary in charge at the time, it was necessary it should be made over by him to the Synod of this Diocese, which has been formally done. " If, therefore, the New England Company wishes to be secured in the possession of it, there will, I suppose, be no objection on their engaging to support it as a Church of England Mission, and acknow- ledging that they hold it on this condition, as it was surrendered for that purpose." On the 4th May, 1871, the Committee, in answer to the Rev. P. J. C. Moran, declined his request for a copy of the last report of the Company.* * See his letter of the 4th April, 1871 . anff p. 4!^. On Mio .lOtli November, [1871. 1871.] GARDEN RIVKR. 49 ome infor- Y inquiries nstitution ; ted to the ie Church Jonsidered , Ontario, c colleges to obtain h April, )rd. Rer. Mr. ', for the rote, US- Indiana mistake cifying irveyed, Andcr- sliould IS been ired in n their cknoTT- •ed for o the >y of umbor. 1 They also declined the application of Archdeacon Palmer and Canon Baldwin for aid to the Missions to the Indians on the northern shores of Lakes II uron and Superior ; and resolved that the grant to Garden River Station should be discontinued when the Rev. James Chance left the station, the rf"--.! s having proved unsatisfactory after fifteen years* trial. This decision of the Committee was formally communicated to the Bishop of Toronto, Archdeacon Palmer, Canon Baldwin, Dr. O'Meara, and Mr. Chance. The following letter, dated the 22nd May, 1871, from the Rev. Saltern Givins was received by the Treasurer on the 5th June : — " The Re'^- Mr. Chance's retirement from the Mission of Garden Eiver has at last taken place, and the Committee on Indian Missions in this diocese with whom he has been in pleasant communication for several 5'ears, and for whom and his estimable wife we entertain the highest esteem, respectfully beg leave to address the New England Company through you, respecting the future prospects of that mission. "We have been made aware of the Company's desire that the vacancy 1871, the Eev. Mr. Moran wrote the following letter to the Clerk: — "I am sorry again to have to trouble you with a letter. At the direction of my Committee I made application on Monday, November 27tli, at the office of the ' Charity Commissioners for England ' to see a copy of your report and charter. The balance-sheet, or statement of accounts, was shown to me by tlie Secretary, and he advised me again to apply to you for a copy of your annual report, charter, etc. Tliis, therefore, I now do in behalf of this Committee. I beg to apply for a copy of your last annual report, statement of accounts, and also a copy of, or where I can see or obtain a copy of your original charter or amended charter. I forward to you a copy of our last annual report, and shall be glad to have an early reply for the Court of Governor and Directors to this application." On tlio loth December, 1871, tlie Clerk in answer wrote to the Rev. Mr. Moran referring him to letters of the 15th February and 19 h May, 1871, mentioning 'that all reports of the New England Company are prepared and issued for the use of the members of the Company only,' and mentioning that the New England Company ' do not systematically issue annual reports, but have occasionally printed reports for the use and convenience of their own members, though not with a view to pubUcation.' " lil.il: 1 I; |; ! i 50 GARDEN RIVER. [1871. should be supplied by the Eev. Mr. Roberts, who for several years has proved Lis fitness for a mission among the Indians ; and it was with sincere regret circumstances, with whidi you have doubtless been made acquainted, prevented the Committee from recommending the Bishop of this Diocese to sanction it. We felt it would neither be for the benefit of the mission nor of himself that be should take his family there. "We trust, however, this will not prevent the Company from con- tinuing their interest in the Indians of that mission. The Committee are most desirious to place that and other India?i Missions on a satis- factory footing, and to promote the civilization of the Indians in that region; and with that view, have projected an exploration of all the Indian settlements along the north shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, to sec whether the Indians may not be induced to congre- gate in certain localities where the advantages of schools and churches can be enjoyed, and where they can be induced to adopt the arts of civilized life. The advantages in this respect at Garden Eiver are too great to think of abandoning them without serious con- sideration : — the neat church, mission, and school-houses — erected by your Company, together with a tract for a farm ; the wharf and store-house where a trade might be carried on with the Indians to their great advantage, furnishing them a market for their wood and other commodities, and thereby enabling them to live and labour at home, and give their children the advantage of regular schooling. " The Committee coincide with this New England Company in their desire to avoid collisions between parties of different faiths who desire to benefit the Indians, and we hope that aiTangements may be made hereafter to avoid this even at Garden River. "There are many topics of this nature that require attention, and we hope that the careful and judicious investigation of them by the proposed exploration party may lead to their removal. " The Committee, therefore, desire me respectfully to requ<'st the New England Company will be pleased to suspend their decision re- spec'^^ing their withdrawal of support from the Garden Eiver Mission till we have the honour of submitting our report. "With sincere respect for the Com.pany, whose benefits I ex- perienced for many years while missionary to the mohawks in the Bay of Quinte, and with whom I had pleasant correspondence in the days of the late Messrs. Busk and Stratton. " I beg to observe that during the vacancj' the Bishop has requested the Rev. Mr. Wilson to minister to the Indians at Garden River." In i\Iay and June, 1871, i\\v Committee received a suggcs- [1871. 1871.] r.ARDEN RIVEK. T)!' 'eral years ind it was doubtless mmending neither be d take his from con- -ommittee in a satis- fis in that of all the uron and confjre- lools and to adopt it Garden 'ioita con- rected by harf and ndians to vood and labour at linj?. ' in their ho desire be made tion, and 1 by the [ucst the ision re- ' Mission s I ex- s in the B in the ?qiiested T." sugges- tion from the Rev. Edward P. Wilson (missionarv of the Church Missionary Society), for the New England Company, to excliauge their Garden liiver ^Mission for the Sarnia Mission, and to place Mr. R. J. Roberts as their missionary at Sarnia, and for Mr. Jacobs, then at Saruia, to go to Garden River. On tlie 6th June, 1871, the Committee declined this pro- posal of the Rev. E. F. Wilson. The following letter, written on the 2Gth May, 1871, from Kanyungeh, by the Rev. E. F. Wilson to the Treasurer, was received on the 12th June ;— "You will have already rocoived m}' letter to you of the 12th inst., witli suf^gestion to exchange the Garden River for the Sarnia Mission, and you will have heard also from Mr. Huberts, testifying his willing- ness to go to Sarnia. " I have been to Garden Eiver and find it very necessary that there should be a resident missionary there immediatel}'. " The wharf and the post-office are, as you are aware, at present in the hands of the residing missionary. If the mission is left vacant, these privileges will be lost — the Jesuits will be making headway — and I hear also that the Methodists are preparing to make an inroad. " I have come down now purposely to see Mr. lloberts, and try if some provisional arrangement can be made whereby Mr. lloberts may at once occupy the Sarnia Mission, and Mr. Jacobs go to Garden Eiver. " Mr. Roberts considers that it would not be right in him to leave this mission or to make any change without receiving authority from the Company, but would hold himself in readiness to carry out any instructions immediately on receiving them. "With Mr. Eoberts' approval I now write to ask, if, on receiving this, you will if you think fit, telegraph instructions in respect to this provisional arrangement : that is for, Mr. Eoberts to go immediately to Sarnia and Mr. Jacobs to Garde» Eiver." By the same post the Rev. R. J. Roberts wrote as follows to the Treasurer : — " If 3'ou should think well of the request which Mr. Wilson has made in his letter, would you please telegraph to me to Brantford. I do not wish to make any move without your authority. I am just K 2 il I •[ I i 52 GARDEN RIVER. [1871.-1872 Hi now completing work about the parsonage here, such as the cellar drain — and also the Council-house School. " Wo write in haste to catch this day's mail." On tlie 19th June, 1871, the Committee informed the Rev. E. F. Wilson and the Rev. R. J. Roberts that the Company adhered to their resolution to abandon entirely the settlement at Garden River. In the following year, at the Annual General Court of the New England Company (held 3rd July, 1872) Mr. Wilson and an Indian chief, named Buhkwujjenene (Man of the Desert), from Garden River, were introduced to the Court by the Treasurer. Mr. Wilson mentioned to the Committee that lumber in great quantities was being sold off the Garden River Reserve, and that the Indians complain that they obtain no adequate advantage from the fund. The amount they now receive from the Indian Fund, is only one dollar per head. Mr. Wilson considers that the education of the Indian children should be under Government control, and that where one religious sect had already established schools in a district, other sects should not be allowed to in- terfere. The presence, in one district, of different religious sects, he felt sure would prevent the establishment of any system of weekly or monthly payments by the Indians for their children attending school. Mr. Wilson mentioned that there were about 400 Indians at Garden River, and about 1500 on the shores of Lake Superior. He suggested that material assistance could be given to the Indians by esta- blishing a fishery and curing station for them, as fish, to any quantity, would find a ready market at Detroit. The Court thanked Mr. Wilson for his attendance, and for his valuable remarks and suggestions. t ; I 1871.] GARDEN VIVEll. 53 i. — Garden River. 2. — Removal of the Rev. J. C/iance from Garden River, and EstubUshment of a New {Oayuya) Station under the Rev. R. J. Roberts. The proposed interchange of missions between the Rev. J. Chance and R. J. Roberts* having failed, it was determined that the arrangement so far as concerned the removal of the former to Kanyungeh should be carried into effect; and as to the Rev. R. J. Roberts, it was, after much consideration, de- termined by the Committee to establish a new Mission in the Grand River Reserve, under the charge of the Rev. R. J. Roberts, at a station amongst the Onondagas and Cayugas, which had previously been found so inaccessible as to require an independent missionary resident among them. This arrangement originated in a letter received by the Clerk from Dr. R. H. Dee, on the 28th April, 1871, of which the following is an extract : — " Having beeu Mr. Roberts' medical adviser for several years, my candid opinion is that Mr. Roberts is fit to take any mission, and do as much work as a missionary should be asked to do ; and were he onco settled, I firmly believe lie would become stronger every day. What he requires is to have plenty of employment, and to be able to feel that he is once more permanently settled. I should have liked to have written directly to tlie New l^^ngland Company, but I was afraid they would consider me impertinent to give my opinion without their asking for it. I may mention tiiat, during the past winter, jVIr. Roberts, liav- ing no Sunday' duty, lias been kind enough to preach in Onondaga and Middleport, on the north bank of the Grand River ; and yesterday, at the vestry meeting in eacli church, the people unanimously determined to present to Mr. Roberts an address and a small purse as a token of their esteem, and at t];e same time to let him see tlipy appreciate his * Sco anlf, ^- lO. ni GARDEN RIVER. [1871. iHl ^MiH kiiuliicsH in preaching to them when they had no cliTifymnn of their o\\ n. yhould the Company decide not to send Mr. llobc'rt8 to Garden Kivor, llie con)^refj;ations of the two villa^^es would be very glad if tlio Company would allow liim to remain, as he now is, thcii agent, and allow liini to preach in the churclieB at the villages when not engaged on the Company's business. Should the Company be pleased to do this, tlicy would be carrying out the civilization and advancement of the Six Nations, as quite a number of Indians attend the Middleport church every Sunday, and more would do so did Mr. Koberls preach there. For two years I have road service in the church (cxcei)t during the past winter, when Mr. Uoberta was kind enough to i)reach when he could), and always tliero were Indians at church. Should the Coni- l)any permit Mr. Roberts to remain here and preach for the churches in Onondaga and Middleport, the Company will not be put to any more exi)en8e than tlicy are now incurring, as the two congregations will very gladly pay the rent of a house on the Ueservc for Mr. Jioberts, and also bear any expense he may be at in travelling to do duty for them. There will be no difficulty in getting a house in a situation con- venient for Mr. Eoberts to inspect tlie schools and attend to the Com- pany's business. Mr. Chance could then occupy the parsonage and attend to the ministerial duty at Kanyeageh. The people of Onondaga and ^Middleport would long ago have written to the New England Company, but they feared it might jjrevent Mr. lloberts going to another mission ; but now there is a dilliculty about his going to Gar- den River, I hasten to beg of you to inform me, as soon as possible, if there is the sliglitest hope of ot'.r being able to persuade the Company to allow ]\rr. lloberts to remain here in their service, and sometimes preach on the north bank of the river. If there is any hope for us, please do write and instruct me how the congregations must proceed to carry out the wish of both Indians and whites ; for I assure you the Indians, especially the young educated ones, are very sorry to think it is proposed to send Mr. Roberts to any other place." Tlie field of duty here suggested by Dr. Dee would have taken Mr. Roberts to the north side of the (iraud lliver, from whieh the Indians had migrated to the south, and among.st mainly a white population, and the Company determined to suggest to Mr. Roberts that he should take ciiarge ot" a station south of the river, and amongst the Indians. In May, 1871, the Committee inforuied Mr. Roberts of their determination to discontinue their Station at Garden [1871. 1H71.] OARDKN RIVKR. 55 llivcr, and suggested to him that if lie coidd, in consultation with Dr. Dec and other friends, mark out any field of duty in which the Company could employ him amongst the Indians, in any manner consistent with their trusts, the Committee would give the proposed plan their most fiivourahlc considera- tion. On the 18th May, 1871, the Committee received the fol- lowing letter from the Rev. llohert James Roberts : — "KANYEAaBU Parsonaob, Newpout, P.O., Co. Brant, Ont., Canada, •' May Isl, 1871. " In the portion of tlio lloserve indicated by you in the letter of 15th April,* there are about 9(J0 Indians, among whom, I may say, there is no missionary lubourinj;, viz.: — About 4pointmeiit was that of sole incumhcnt of the Kanyuiigeh ehurch and district, and siipcrintendeiAt of the four schools in that district, viz.. No. 2, J. B. H ill's — No. 3, A. Smith's — No. 7, Miss llvndman's — and No. 8, thi iff t ( 1 ,A A. 1 ' 1 I! 60 GARDEN RIVER. [1871. Miss Crorabie's ; and requested him to advise the Committee as to the most fitting school sections for A. Smith's scliool, No. 3, and Miss Hyndman's school, No. 7. The Committee further appointed Mrs. Chance to superin- tend the schools. Jl sl On the 8th August, 1871, the Committee received from tlie Rev. R. J. Roberts, a letter dated the 20th July, 1871, from which the following are extracts : — Jl 01 " I have to acknotvledge the rereipt of k-iters of the 19th June and 23rd June, on the 6th and 8th iuataut reapeccively. The whole of the following Monday I spent in search of a house in the lower part of the licserve. My searoh in that quarter was not successful, but I succeeded iu renting one on the north side of the Grand Kiver, about half a mile from the village of Onondaga, and on last Monday I moved over to it. It is on the Reserve, and, for the present, it is the moat convenient abode wliich I could secure ; but the owner cannot let me have the use of it for more than two months, and therefore I must, during that period, endeavour to obtain another iu or near the district iudicali-d by you. There is a large settlement there in which the people have no opportimity of educating their children. At two places many of the Indians, botli pagans and Christiana, are anxious to have a school. As soon as I go over the whole district and ascertain the most suitable place for the erection of one, I shall write to you on the subject. * * " The whole of that part of the Reserve, down to the end of the Delaware settlement, ia in what is called the Kev. Mr. Elliot's mission. As he has for some years past been unable to do much minsionary work in it, I should tbink he would be glad to give up a portion of it as a mu- sionary district for me, and that the Bishop would license me tn work among the pagans there, f am, however, of opinion that the oi)cning of one or two good schools would be the best way to approach the jjagans, promote their civilization, and prepare for the introduction of Chris- tianity among them, •' On next Monday 1 shall commence work among them, and viait all from house to house. " On Monday last I Viicated Kanyeageh parsonage, and gave posea- sion of it to the l\ov. Mr. Clian^'e. I also brought him to Kanyeageh school, and, in the presence of the three trustees, gave up the su])erln- teudeiice of it ; and Mis,s Crombie, the teacher, furniahed him with a list of the school-Liooka, slalea, maps, etc., iu l;:>r possession. Next 1871.] GARDEN RIVER. 61 week I shall give him charge of the Couucil-house school. I have also given him the yoke of oxen, which are in excellent condition. " It may be interesting to the Company to know that the Very Rev. J. Hellmuth, Dean of Huron, is the clergyman elected for the office of Coadjutor Bishop. He will probably be consecrated in the month of September next." On the loth August the Company received from the Ilev. James Chance a letter announcing that he had taken possession of Kanyungch parsonage, and continuing as follows ; — "I regret to report that the lot of eight acres has not been enclosed and the common fence around a large uncultivated field, containing the sulphur spring, is all broken down, so that all the cattle and pigs in the neighbourhood are constantly about the parsonage. Some half score of wretched-looking pigs resort to the verandah for lodgings. I sent a team yesterday for lumber to make a fence around the parsonage, but the team returned in the evening without procuring lu?nber, after visit- ing four mills. I have had Indians at ''ork all the week to get up old and blackened stumps in front of the parsonage ; one huge stump most hideous-looking, about twenty yards from the front door, occupied two Indians a whole day to get it out. The road from the parsonage to the main road is about the worst part of the road through the Reserve to Newport, but I am having the bridge over the creek raised, and the road improved. " The parsonage, I must confess, is a very beautiful building, find is a great credit to the New England Company, but all round is almos*; a wilderness. I hope, however, that the Company will continue to exercise their generosity in helping to transform the wilderness into something like the beauty of the parsonage. Mrs. Chance is now ex- erting herself to make the interior harmonise with its handsome exte- rior ; and I cannot rest until this unsightly chaos of mud, broken bricks and boards, brushwood, rotten logs, and blackened stumps is trans- formed into something like cleanliness and order, and the surrounding land made fit for the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruit-trees, etc., for it is capable of being made a beautiful place, and a pattern for the Indians ; but, at present, it is anything but that. I have now begun to visit the schools and the Indians from house to house, and meet with a very cordial reception ever3i'where." On the yist August, 1871, the Company received from tlie Rev. R. J. Roberts letters to the following effect : — II y \' ;t \u' i •li Jl m F! I'H hi .!. \ H I i II I ? 63 GARDEN RIVER. [1871. " On Tuesday and. Wednesday, the 2nd and .'!rd iiislant, I had inter- views Mvitli Indians in the Onondat^a and Cayuffa setlU'menta, the re- sult of wliifli is that sites can be obtained for a school-house and a resi- dence for the suiierinteudcnt in both places, as marked on the accom- panying map. In the Onondacra district two men offer an acre each for a schooi-house, viz., one by John Garlow, on the south-west corner of Lot No. (i, and the other by Abraham Van Every, of the south-east of Lot 18 (River Lot), both in the township of Tuscarora. Further south-east, Jacob Styres, a Cayuga, is willing; to give a site for a school-house on Lot No. 1 (south half), 6th Concession, township of Oneida. " Another Cayuo^a, named John Beaver, offers six acres for a school- house, mi3gionnr3''a residence, and a church (if one should be directed), on the north half of Lot No. 1, Gth Concession, township of Oneida. One of the Company's schools (No. 0), taught by Mrs. Beaver, is close by, but I imdorstand the attendance of children there is small. Of this small attendance I have heard two causes mentioned. The first is, that most of the people in that neighbourhoov^ Bre pagans, some of whom set little value on education ; the second ii, that some Indians complain that the school-house is held in a private house adjoining a store in which intoxicating liquors are sold. I heard this latter com- plaint moro than three years ago, but I cannot sa)' whether it is justi- fied by fact. However, the site offered by Beaver in that neighbour- hood ia an excellent centre for a school and mission M'ork among the pagans. I think it is the best. If your missionary were settled there with a school-house (and, if possible, a church) close at hand, he might do much to prevent tlie sale of ' strong drink,' and also, by house to house visitation, induce the pagan Cayugas to send their children to school. " A school on one or other of the sites offered by Garlow and Van Every among the Onondagas would be very acceptable to many of that people ; and it would most probably o))en a way for the preaching of the Gospel to those of that tribe who are yet pagans, " The site offered by Jacob Styres is only aiuile ind a half from that of Garlow. and therefore may. perhaps, be consi,i<'red too cloje. But if the Company should think well of establishing a school, either now or hereafter, at Styres' settlement, it would be i' "Jl I* lace the school for the Onondagas on the site offered by Vr 'tiy, . uidi is three quar- ters of a mile further. Otherwise (. »'a site ia the- best for the OnondUj^-as, being most central, and uol more than half n. mile from the Onondaga Long-house, " Beaver s settlement is best adapted fur the .superintendent's resi- [1871. 1871.] GARDEN RIVER. 63 clence, and also for a cluirch (should one be erected). A achool-hoiiso oupht to be erected there for the reasons I have already mentioned. There is much room for educational improvement amonfij the Indians in that part of the Eeserve, and still more ffood nii. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k // ^/ J»V^ -**A .fe. /. t ^' % 1.0 ^ Ks I 1.1 125 WUU 1.8 1.25 nil 1.4 1.6 P^ ^>. #3fc -'^ ^.■*- '/ /A Photographic Sciences Corporation «- 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. U5S0 (716) S72-4S03 ■^' 4- **^.V^. ,4. 70 GRAND RIVER OR TVSCARURA aBSERVE. [1864-1867. I I'll 'M 1 I in ' I Missionary, Rev. Robert James Roberts, bore testimony to the great usefulness of the Institution, and the desire of young Indian fathers and mothers to place their children where they liad themselves been educated. The Company, in 1864, bought thirty-two acres adjoining the Institution.* Mr. Nelles informed the Company, in August, 1865, that the addition to the Institution building was completed, and in the October following he wrote that he had admitted ten new pupils to the Institution, making the total number there seventy. In February, 1866, Mr. Nelles recommended that the num- ber of pupils should be increased to eighty ; in June following the Company gave their sanction to this addition, and in March, 1867, Mr. Nelles wrote that since the summer vacation there had been eighty pupils at the Institution. In the year 1867, three of the most promising boys boarding in the Institution, attended the Grammar School at Brantfordf at an expense of 1 dollar each per month, to be taught the higher branches of education. One young Indian, John Jacobs, who had acted as a schoolmaster among Indians,^ be- came a student in Huron College, to prepare for the ministry. The original grant for John Jacol)s as a college student in the year 1867, was .50 dollars per annum for three years ; this grant was afterwards increased at the : ,eommendation of the Bishop, to £oO per annum for three years, from 1st July, 1868. In November, 1867, Mr. Nellca wrote that the Institution could conveniently accommodate ten more pupils, and might be made to accommodate twenty more. In June, 1868, the Company sanctioned the admission of ten new pupils, and in the following August Mr. Nelles wrote that the children would shortly return to the Institution, after a short vacation, and that he would then complete the number of pupils to ninety, as • See nistory, etc., p. 66. f See History, etc., p. 88. X See History, etc., p. 88, 89. I 1868-1869.] MOHAWK STATION. 71 authorized. Iq October, 1868, Mr. Nelles recommended the increase of the salary of Mr. Bouslaugh and wife (the superintendent and matron at the Institution) from 320 dollars to 400 dollars a year, and in April, 1809, received instructions to pay them the increased amount. In the autumn of 1868, Mr. H. J. Lister (afterwards, and now a member of the Company) visited the Institution, and found it on the whole very well managed. In his Report, dated 25th February, 1869, he recommended that pupils for admission to the Institution should be chosen from the regu- lar attendants at the day schools on the Reserve, and that the instruction given at the day schools should be improved, so that pupils going from these schools to the Institution need not remaiu there so long as at present. He also recommended that each pupil should have a separate bed. Accordingly Mr. Nelles was in June, 1869, autliorized to provide a sufScient number of iron bedsteads to allow every pupil to have a separate bed. On the 12th May, 18G9, Mr. Nelles wrote that he con- curred in Mr. Lister's opinion as to the admission of children to the Institution, and had acted in accordance with it when practicable, but was often obliged to act otherwise, and admit children without previous instruction. Mr. Thonias Griffith, teacher at the Institution, reported that for the half-year ending 30th June, 1869, there were eighty-nine pupils, forty-seven males and forty-two females. Mr Nelles having, in June, 1869, suggested the employment of an educated Indian as teacher and interpreter at the Insti- tution, he was in the following month authorized to engage an Indian as teacher and interpreter, and also as his assistant generally, at a salary of £60 a year. This appointment was in September, J1869, bestowed upon Isaac Barefoot, a Mohawk Indian, who had for several years taught a day school on the Reserve, and had spent some time in the Normal School at Toronto, and he became teacher in the girls' department of the Institution. ■H 1 ; 't.' 1 ■ ;ii I i 72 CnANI) RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1869-1870. i I In the course of this year, five pupils (two boys and three girls) educated at the Institution, were sent at the Company's expense to the Ilcllmuth Colleges to complete their education. On the 23rd November, 1869, the Rev. Canon Nclles sug- gested that a school-house should be built with two apartments, one for boys and one for girls, as he found more room required for the dormitories. The girls were each provided with a separate bed, but there was not room in the Institution to give each boy a separate bed. It a school-house were built, there would be ample room for at least a hundred beds. In the following month the Company granted jECO for building the school-house as recommended by Canon NcUcs. On the 19th March, 1870, the Treasurer wrote to Canon Nclles that the Company would be glad to hear of "the Manual Labour School," near him. On the 9th April, 1870, Canon Nclles wrote that the number of pupils at the Institution sanctioned by the Company, viz. 90, was com- plete. In May, 1870, Canon Nelles was informed that a thorough investigation of the Company's Missions on the Grand Kiver would be made by a Commission specially appointed. On the 2yth June, 1870, the Treasurer vrote to Canon Nelles asking who did duty on Sunday at the Mohawk Village Church, and who read the service to the pupils in the Mohi,wk Institution on Sunday? The Treasurer also requested some account of what is done in the 200 acres set apart for a "Manual Labour School," near the Mohawk Institution, and added that some time bad elapsed since the Company had heard particulars of the " Manual Labour School for the Six Nations' youth." On the 15th July, 1870, Canon Nelles wrote that there had been no services in the old Mohawk Church for some time; that it was undergoing repairs, and when finished would be used on Sundays for the children at the Institution ; that in bis absence on Sundays, Mr. Griffith, the teacher, read service i 1870-1871.] MOHAWK STATIOV. 73 for the children and ' *.urcd them; and that in his half- yearly report Ic would give particulars of the Manual Labour School belonging to the Moliawk Institution. On the 27th August, 1870, Canon Nelles wrote that the Manual Labour Arm was managed by Mr. Bouslaugh, who taught the large boys general farming, the boys in turns assist- ing in the work. In harvest-tiine other labourers had to be employed. The farm was tolerably well stocked, and pro- duced a considerable part of the provisions used at the Insti- tution. In September, 1870, the Company's Commissioner, the Hon. A. E. Botsford, visited tlic Company's Missions on the Grand River, and his Report thereon was presented to the Com- pany on the 6th of the following December, when it was re- solved, among other things, that "each of the Company's three missionaries at the Grand Itiver should confine his labours to the station allotted to him," and "the Mohawk Station, comprising the Mohawk Church, the Mohawk Institution, and the Manual Labour School," was allotted* to the Rev. Canon Nelles. The General Court held on the 13th December, 1870, re- commended a grant of £50 towards the repair and restoration of the old Mohawk Church,t so as to render it fit for the at- tendance of the Institution pupils and others. The Com- mittee in January, 1871, wrote to Mr. A. Cleghorn, the Treasurer of the Committee of the Mohawk Church, informing him of the grant, and instructing him to draw upoa the Treasurer of this Company for the amount. On the 27th February, the Committee received a letter from Rev. Canon Nelles of the 10th of that month, referring to their requisition as to his accounts in a manner not satisfactory to the Committee. In March, 1871, the Committee requested Canon Nelles to forward vouchers for the payments included in his account for the half-year ending Slst December, 1870, * See Renport tar 1870, p. 118. t 6ee.Be|K>rt for 1870, p. 119. 4 if I 1,1, if 74 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871, and for the future to send vouchers with each account, which vouchers would he returned to him at any time, if required. The Committee also informed the Canon that he could make up and forward his accounts quarterly, or still more frequently, if he found it convenient, so that in future each account might he examined and approved before he drew on the Company for the amount of it. In March and April, 1871, the Committee sanctioned the payment of two quarters* salary to R. Yeoward, the teacher of No. 2 School, till 31st December, 1870, M'hen this school was closed. The Hon. A. E. Botsforri had recom- mended this payment. In April, 1871, the Committee, wrote to the Rev. Canon Nelles and Rev. A. Elliot, that the Committee quite con- curred in Mr. Elliot's remark that " it is very desirable that the means of a good common English education should be afforded, as much as practicable, in all parts of our Indian Reserve; and that if the schools supported by the Company did not yet accomplish this end, the Committee earnestly desired that they should be brought to a proper state of efficiency ; " also that " the Committee had considered the question of the appointment of trustees for the several school sections, and adhered to their Resolution that such trustees should be elected for each school section under their super- vision." In accordance with a letter to the clerk, dated the 7th March, 1871, from the Rev. Isaac Brock, Principal and Divinity Professor of Huron College, the Committee in April, 1871, wrote to Albert Anthony,* a former pupil at the In- stitution, and inquired whether he would be willing, on the completion of his course of study at Huron College in July, 1872, to take a twelve months' course in surgery and medi- cine at Toronto, which the Company considered would be a useful qualification for him as a missionary. A letter from the Very Reverend the Dean of Huron, dated • See Eeport for 1870, p. 121. 1871.] MOHAWK fiTATION. 75 25th March, 1871, was received on the 12th April, 1871, ask- ing the New England Company to place Miss Charlotte Smith on the same footing as the other Indian children, namely, paying for her at the rate of £65 per annum ; the reason of this request being that at the above rate (of j665) thecxi)cnRe8 are by no means covered, as they receive every advantage the Colleges can confer ; however, should the Company's funds not admit of it, the Dean would gladly make up the balance. The Dean's letter concludes ; — " It is still my pleasure to give the most favourable report of your Indian pupils in both Colleges, whose conduct and progress are iu every way most satisfactory." On the r f^eipt of the above, the Treasurer on 22nd April, 1871, wrote . s follows to the Dean : — " The reports of the progress of the different students are highly interesting, and I shall be obliged if you will kindly send me an account of the disbursements of the Indian Soys and girls at the two Hellmuth Colleges respectively, to the close of the present term." The following is an extract from a letter from the Rev. Canon Nelles received on the 18th April, 1871 : — " In my letter of ^February 10th, I requested authority to draw on you as usual for the quarter's expenses ; as I have received no reply, I will draw on you on the 1st April for £350 sterling, and will endeavour to make arrangements to carry out the instructions of the Committee in future." In May, 1871, the Committee wrote to the missionaries calling their attention to the Resolution passed by the General Court on the 13th December, 1870,* as to their obtaining the sanction of the Treasurer before drawing bills upon him, and informing them that, with the exception of drafts for amounts due to them for their own salaries, no bills would be ac:^pted, the drawing of which had not been previously expressly autho- rized by letter from the Company. ♦ See Keport for 1870, p. 119. 1 ■]i i; 1 I A f. 76 GllAND IIIVER Oft TUSCARORA RESERVU. [1871. The following letter of 10th May, 1871, from Mr. Albert Anthony, was received on the 23rd May : — " I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 6tli ult. After a careful consideration of the purport of your letter, I would bog leave to say that on the completion of my theological course, my services will be required amongst my own people ; and as the Indians, both at Tuscarora and Moravian Town, where I most likely will be placed, are well supplied with medical men, I think it quite un- necessary for me to accept the kind and liberal offer made by the Com- pany through you. Hoping God will bless my studies, and cause me to be the instrument in bringing many of my fellow Indians into the fold of our beloved Catholic and Apostolic Church, I am, etc. " P.S. — I have some knowledge of medicine, as I have been with Dr. Dee, intending at the time to follow the medical profession ; and no doubt my knowledge of medicine will be useful in cases of emer> gency." The following extraet is from a letter in May, 1871, from the Dean of Huron to the Treasurer: — " I am thankful to be enabled to give a good report of all your In- dian children under our care. They are exemplary in their conduct, diligent in their studies, and general farourites with their fellow- pupils. You will in due time receive their Collegiate Ileports for the year." At a meeting of the Committee, held on the 6th June, 1871, they found that the Rev. Canon Nelles had arrived un- expectedly in England without the permission or knowledge of the Company, and had delivered at the office of the Company the three following documents : — " 1. A letter from the Bishop of Huron to the Treasurer, dated the 20th May last, informing him that thellev. Canon belles was going to England on leave, and suggesting that the Company should find em- ployment for the Rev. Hobert James Roberts at a distance from the Indian Reserve on the Grand .Biver. " 2. An address from Joseph Carpenter and four others, dated the 16th May, requesting the Company to remove the Rev. R, J. Roberta from the Reserve. " 3. An Address from John S. Johnson and eleven others, dated from n i' 1871.] MOHAWK STATION. 77 the Mohawk Parsonage (ho 17th ^fay, rcqiiestinjj the romoval of Uio Rev. R. J. I'obertB, oxpressiuj^ confidence in the Rev. Canon Nellca and the Rrv. A. Elliot, and satisfaction with the appointment of the Ecr. James Chanco, and stating; tiiat Dr. Oronhyatckha. who was iihout to visit England, was not delegated by the chiefii or people of the Six Nations Indians to represent them." The Rev. Canon Nelles attended the Committee, and the Governor expressed to him tlie dissatisfaction of the Committee to find that he had h'ft tlie sphere of his duties witliout having obtained the permission of the Comy)any,and even without tlieir knowledge. The Committee also informed Canon Nellcs that they were not disposed to open again* any question relating co the differences which had arisen between any of their mission- aries, or to hear any charges by any of them against other per- sons. Canon Nelles stated he had come over on the spur of the moment, having leave of absence from the Bishop, and had nothing to say against any one, or to bring any charges against any one ; and as to the addresses of which he was the bearer, that the Indiana did not know until Sunday, of his journey to England, and he was quite surprised when they came to his house on the following Wednesday. The Canon brought be- fore the Committee the subjects of several grants, applications for which he had been requested to lay before the Committee : and he was requested to submit them in writing, for con- sideration at the next meeting of the Committee. The Committee in June 1871 postponed till next year the consideration of the applications of (Jeorge Powless, Isaiah Joseph, and Daniel Simon, who had been pupils at the Mohawk Institution, and were then teachers of schools in the Grand River Reserve, for aid in obtaining the education neces- sary to qualify them for the ministry of the Church of England, the Company not then having any funds available for the pur- pose. The Committee at the same time, and for the same reason, decided that no further grant should be made that year to James Jamieson towards the education of his daughter, • See Hi!«torT. etc.. p. 11«, ! I F 78 GRAND HIVER OR TUHCARORA RKIIKRVK. [1871. I ! 5- !i Sarah Ann JaraieBon, at the Woodstock Institution. But the Committee continued for that vcar the crarit of j£20 made in December, 18G9, to the Six Nations Indian Agricultural Society. The following memorandum, dated 13th June, 1871, was on the following day submitted by Cauon Nelles for the consi- deration of the Committee : — ifemorandum, " The Committee of the New England Comimny requested rac to put in Trriting any matter I wished to hrin^ before tlicni. J beg to gtate that since my interview with the Committee there is nothing further I wish to bring under their notice. Being here, I thought it a favourable opportunity to enter into any explanation or information respecting their missions on the Grand River, which the (-'ompany might desire. Having learned that no grants of money can bo made this year, I will not trouble the Committee with applications, but I would strongly recommend that the grant to the Indian Agricultural Society be con- tinue;' •• ' 'f possible that a grant of i'20 be made towards printing a new e- of the Indian Hymn-book which is very much needed. I t^iiit. It desirable that the Company should decide on the applica- tion of Isaac Barefoot to be employed as miKsionary on the lower part of the Beserre ; it would involve no outlay this year as he will not be ordained for some months, but the decision of the Company would en- able him to arrange his future plans. "I have just heard from Mr. Elliot, wishing me to bring to the notice of the Company the desirability of opening one additional school among the Onondagas, which I will point out when I meet the Committee." The Rev. Dr. Adam Townley, the Incumbent of Paris, Ontario, being on a visit to this country, wrote the following letter, dated 12th June, 1871, to the Treasurer: — " I write to say that having for many years been a near neighbour of Canon Nelles and Mr. Boberts, and having through his lordship, the Bishop of Huron, and otherwise had somewhat to do with their affairs, and understanding them I believe pretty thoroughly, — and being now in London, — if I can be of any service to the Company in the way of information, I shall be willing to give it." 1871.] MOHAWK STATION. 79 Iti armwer to Dr. TowtjIcy'H letter the Committee thanked him for his ofliiM' of inforriuitiori as to theCiraiid River Statiou atid be(;((ed him to make in writiiij^ any comtnunicatiori he mij^ht wi»h. This requeHt, however, was not complied with. On the 1 Ith June, 1871, the Rev. Cano.i Ncllcs again attended a m(;(;tin(? of the Committee;, and the (jovernorrcad to him tlie Rcxolution* passed by the Committee on the Cth December, 1870, relating to the diflerenecs between tlic Rev. R. J. Roberts and other pernons. Some cf)nverHation ensued as to the desirability of esta- blishing a school among the pagan Indians on the lower part of the Grand River Reserve, or in tlie Onondaga dis- trict, and appointing tlie Rev. \{. J. Roberts to superintend the same. Canon Nelles stat(;d that he believed the Bishop of the Diocese would lieense the f?cv. R. J. Roberts to another station, and that he understood tliat the Rev. E. F. Wilson's proposal was that, if the Rev. Mr. Roberts were sent to Sarnia, he, Mr. Wilson, would take the Garden ttivcr Mission, without any support from the Company. At the Annual General Court of the Company, held on the 14th June, 1871, it was referred to the Special Com- mittee to consider the advisability of making a grant towards the expense of printing a new edition of the Hymn-book for the Indians, as suggested by the Rev. Canon Nelles in his memorandum of the 13th June. In July, 1871, the Clerk, by desire of the Committee, wrote to Canon Nelles for information as to the number of copies of the Indian llymn-book it was proposed to print, and re- quested him to forward an estimate of the cost of printing the new edition. The Treasurer having in June, 1871, received a letter from Mr. J. T. Gilkison, Visiting Superintendent and Commissioner of the Grand River Superintcndency, animadverting on Dr. Oronhyatekha and some scientific lectures which ho had • R<-'oIiiHon TII„ of (Jill Tieccmher, 1«"0. Hcp Report, 1800-70, p. 118. ^!^lliin ill M' I i 'ii so fiUANn IIIVKU OH TUSCAHOKA RKSIJIVK. 1«71. delivered, and adding in a P.S. " Last year I mailed to your address several books and letters of different dates, but I am unaware if tliey reached you." The Committee, on the 7th July, 1871, replied to Mr. Gilkison as follows : — ;• " The Special Committee of the Nf^w En^lar i Company on Indian Affairs has had before them the letter you were pleased to address to the Treasurer on the 23rd May last. " The Committee greatly regret that you should find occaeion tocom- y)lain in any respect of the conduct of Oronhyatekha. especially as they have taken a considerable part in his education and have indulged the hope that he might earn for himself a creditable position in the pro- fession which he has chosen, and might become an instrument in their bands of promoting the best material interesi:a of the Indian race to which he belongs. " You have written to the Trcosi, . on the subject of this individual in a very candid and unreserved manner, and the Committee desire mo to tender to you their best thanks for having made known to them your sentiments wi'.h the freedom you have used. Such n:\ inter- change of confidc'j.tial and unreserved communications between yourself, holding the important public otEce in relation to the Indians which you so ably fill, and the Company, whose function it is to pro- vide, as they best can, for their spiritual and temporal welfare, cannot fail to forward greatly the common object of the Government and the Compan3\ "As to the conduct of Oronhyatekha which has fallen under your own personal ob.servation, the Committee repeat their great regret that he should in any manner have been wanting in a respectful and becoming demeanour towards you, or should have interfered improperly with your functions. *' With respect to charges brought against him by others and repeated to you, the Committee think they should not abstain from stating to you that recent occurrences on the lleserve, which have occasioned them much pain and no little trouble, and of which you have no doubt heard, have led them to come to the resolution not to enter again into the details of any of the unhappy misunderstandings which have arisen amongst their missionavies and others ; misunderstandings which, in a considerable degree, seem to have had their origin in per- sonal jealousies, which ought not to have had place amongst them, but of which the Committee saw enough to convince them that no little in- justice had been done to some of the persons implicated. " The Committee cannot but feel that the conduct of Oronhyatekha as i J it il I ?ated igto lonnd loubt igain rliich lings per- I, but lein- Ihaas I 1871.] MOHAWK STATION. 81 tothooxphnntion of tho Indian Acts, which no doubt appeared to you to be an improper interference on liis part with matters with whii-h I»o had no connection, is capable of and in justice to him ought to receive some explanation from them. " Tiio Committee understood that the Indians entertained much dis- satisfaction with some of tho newly enacted provisions, and tl'ought that the Company had l)cen instrumental in the passing of the Acts, and that one of their missionaries had induced them to promote the measure. I need not tell you how little foundation there was for the first of tlieso statements ; the second was e(|u;,lly unfounded; but the result lias bi-en a considerable feeling of ill-will on the part of some towards the gentle- man iu question, which tho Company well know his conduct 'I'^l not merited, but which it is very dilHcult to eradicate. " In this state of things it occurred to some of the oflicers of tin Ci^ra- pany that the prejudice in question might in a great degree be removed if Oronhyatekha, in the course of some scientific lectures ' hii-h, with the sanction of tho Company, he was about to deliver to the Indians, were to allude t.' i'u Acts in question, and give such a favourabL" view of the ofl'ensive enactments as might reconcile the Indians to them. " This, of course, was to have been done quite in an unollicial and casual manner ; it was designed to bo not an ollicial and formal expla- nation of tho new enactments to the Indians, which the Committee are glad to learn from your letter, had been very efficiently done by yourself in your official capacity, but rather as remarlra from the 'cclurer, tending to reconcile the Indiana to tho valuable enactments re- ferred to. " If Dr. Oronhyatekha has thrmt himself too forward in his corre- spondence with you, and taken too exalted a view of the duty imjjosed upon him, this you will, it is hoped, agree was an indiscretion, the im- portance of which hardly deserves our long correspondence on the sub- ject, and has been sufficiently punished by the rebuke you have admi- nistered to hira " You may rely upon the Company that they Imvo not hitherto, and will not in the future, give their authority to any iinproi)er interference on the part of any of the Indians who may bo under their inilucnce with your official func^ions. " I am requested by tho Committee to return you their thanks for the kind present of books which yov have been good enough to send to the Company, and which have been safely received." The following letter from Mr. J. T. Gilkison was received on the 17th Julv, 1871:— It t ■' m ill \ I ;•'■ \m : I |;^f I I t I 82 (:nAND UIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. " Subsequent to my lottor of tlio 23r(l ulfc., in reapoct to Pr. Potor Martin,* a larj^o number of tlie chiefs of the Six Nations waited upon mo liere, and read lo me the accompan3'inj; minute of a council, which, they said, was unanimously adopted, and requested me to transmit it to you for the information of your Company, togetlier with a translation of two letters from the chiefs of tho Mohawks of the Bay of Qviint»5 ; tliat you may know their opinion of tho doctor, and that tliey do not desire his interference in any manner. " Jn a or- July next, and I am anxious to admit another Indian into the Theoi jgical College of Huron to be trained for the ministry." On the 18th March following, the Committee resolved to continue their grant of .£50 per annum for Albert Anthony up to July, 1872, after which date the state of their funds would probably preclude their continuing the grant. On the 5th February, 1872, the Committee received a letter from the Rev. James Chance, which is given in extenso in page 222 post, in which he thus expresses his views as to the past state of inefficiency of the Mohawk Institution, and the higher purposes which it should serve. "I have nothing ofllcially to do with the Mohawk Institution; but as many of the children of this district are being taught there, I feel deeply interested in its welfare ; and in my opinion (without intending to say anything which could be in any sense whatever considered de- rogatory to the present Chief Superintendent, who is so universally esteemed), it should be made to answer a higher purpose thun it now ai'com])li.shes. The least-qualified teacher there should be equal to Mr. Barefoot, who holds a first-class certificate from the Kormal School in Toronto ; and the Institution should give, except in a few instances of rare talents, a finishing education to the children. There has been an undue demand for higher education, which I think has been too much encouraged, to the depreciation of the value of education on the Keserve and at the Mohawk Institution." In January, and ag.iin in February, 1872, the Committee called the attention of Canon Nelles to his not having com- plied with the request of the Company to furnish theui with a periodical report of the proceedings at the Mohawk Station, and at the latter date added that urdess they received a satis- factory reply to their repeated request on the subject of a pe- riodical report before the first of May next, the Treasurer would be instructed not to authorize any further drafts by him. 1873.] MOHAWK STATION. 89 The following letter from Isaac Barefoot, formerly a pupil and then a teacher at the Institution, was received February 19th, 1872 :— "I beg to send you a copy of an addresa from the Indiann to the llev. A. Nellea. The Indians requested me to have it piibhHhcd, and a copy of the paper sent to you, and would have done so, but Mr. Nclles did not wish to have it pubHshed. The Kev. Canon Neiles in by no means anxious to have reported far and near every cinmmntance that occurs to show how highly he is esteemed by his people the In liana. It is on this account that his sterling worth and kindness to the Indiana are not so much commented on by the public press. " Our Indian Hymn-book has been at length completed. I have a strong desire — which I hope you will have the kindness to gratify — to present you with a copy of it as soon as I can have one bound in a suitable manner. In the meantime, I beg to send you one such as it came. " I undertook the translation of the book most cheerfully, if by that means I can in some measure, however small, testify my gratitude to the New England Company for the incalculable benefits they have conferred upon me in educating me and making me what I am. I only trust that 1 may be enabled to spend and be spent in their service, and endeavour all I can to promote their praiseworthy work among my people." The address referred to was as follows : — " Reverend and dear Father Nelles, — It is difficult for us sufEciently to express the pleasure which we feel in being enabled, by the goodness of God our Creator and Preserver, to meet you on this occasion ; to see you in good health and spirits ; and to wish you and Mrs. Nollea, whom we have great reason to look upon as a mother to us and to our children who receive instruction at the Mohawk Institution, many happy returns of the approaching festival of the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. "It is pleasing to u» to speak of the goodness of the New England Company to the people of the Six Nations, evinced by their continually extending to them the means of civilization and religion ; and particu- larly of our lasting obligations to them for the munificent support of the Mohawk Institution, for the education of our children under your long-tried superintendcncy and management. "It is not a little gratifying to us to hear the kind friends of the In- dians from distant parts say, when they occasionally visit the institution ♦ 1 '\ 1 • 4 1 1' 90 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. that in their opinion it is far superior to any other establishment for the education of the Indian children in America. " We feel assured that this prosperity is mainly owing to your lovo for our people, and the skill which you have acquired in the education of our children, by your long and constant residence among us ; and it is delightful for us to infer that your exertions for our benefit are appreciated by the New England Company, from their employing you for so long a period as their chief missionary and agent. '• When we left our beloved homes, on the banks of the Mohawk Hiver, in the United States, on account of our loyalty to England, and came to this beautiful country, which was then a dreary wild, a place for the worship of God was wanting. But not very long afterwards, by the liberality of the English Government, and with no small exertions on the part of the Indians, our ancient church was erected, which is yet standing, and is said to be the oldest in this province. Around it are Che graves of our forefathers. " When most of our people, as you are aware, removed to the south side of the river, it still continued to be used monthly on sacramental occasions for Divine service, but it got sadly out of repair. Now, how- ever, through your exertions and the aid, both pecuniary and per- sonally, of our kind friend, Allan Cleghorn, Esq., whom we are happy on this occasion to see among us, it is repaired and much im- proved for the accommodation of our children at the Mohawk Insti- tution, and such other persons in the vicinity as may desire to attend it for the worship of God. " For ourselves, and for such of our people as are absent on this occa- sion, we beg to offer to you, dear father, to Mr. Cleghorn, and to all others who have rendered assistance, our grateful thanks for the resto- ration of our old Mohawk church. •' You will be pleased we hope to look kindly upon the collection of small things which we now ask permission to present to you, as ex- pressive of our deep sense of your constant kindness and beneficence to the Indians, which can never bo forgotten. " In conclusion, dear father, wo beg your prayers and blessings ; and we assure you of our constant aspirations for your happiness here and hereafter. " Signed on behalf of the meeting, " JoHM S. JoHNSOir, "Chairman." The following letter from the Rev. Canon Nelles to the Clerk was received March 1st, 1872 : — 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 91 " Since I have been relieved from all duty on the Reserve, and my services confined to the Mohawk Institution, I bog to report that I T ' that school almost daily, as docs Mrs. Nclles also ; and I hope, by I tOting more time to it, to render rX more efncient than it has hitherto been. I have divine service in the old Mohawk church every Sunday morning, where, in addition to the children, about forty or fiLy white people assemble. In the afternoon we have Sunday school in the Insti- tution, Mrs. Nelles taking charge of the girls. I might here state, for the information of the Company, that Mrs. Nelles takes the general supervision of the female department, and personally attends to pur- chasing all articles of clothing and directs the making of them. " At present the school is much interrupted by the scarlet fever, which, I am sorry to inform you, has broken out among the children at the institution. At first, I thought of dolling the school ; but the fear of spreading the disease among the Indians on the lieserve prevented me doing so. There have been about thirty cases ; as yet none has proved fatal, and, with two or three exceptions, all are getting better. Small-pox is also prevalent in the neighbourhood ; but as the children have been vaccinated, I trust it will not get into the school. " I have not seen or heard anything of Mr. Blomfield ;* I will bo happy to afibrd him any information in my power when he comes."! • • • • • He The following letter, dated 14th February, 1872, from the Rev. Canon Nelles to the Clerk, was received March 4th : — " In my letter of the 15th instant, I omitted to inquire what I am to do with respect to a successor to Mr. Bouslaugh. It is desirable that the appointment should be made if possible by the Ist of April. Am I to look out for suitable persons for the situation i* " I would also like to be informed whether the Company desire Mr. Griffith to take charge of the school again. I think it would be bene- ficial if a first-class teacher were employed. Mr. Griffith, as he wrote to th" Company some time ago, is willing to retire, but, in cousi- deratioi of his long services, would expect a small annuity or perhaps a year's salary." * See Canadian Land Orantt, p. 23. t The oouclusion of this letter deprecated the Committee's resolution of 6th September, 1871 ; and in anawer to the iDtiniation it contained, the Canon respectfully stated that it never occurred to him to resign his mission, or leave the Indians of the Six Nations ; and that if he did so, he should consider himself entitled to £'M0 annoallj during hi« life. u \i '\ 92 GRAND RIVEll OR TUSCAKOIIA KKHfcllVE. [1872. Mr. Blomficld's report of 2 lul Afarcli, 1872, i« stated before, p. 23, so fur as it related to tlieHix acren of land in tli'j Cayn^^a distriet. In the same report he HtateriirichcH. I would inysclf iniiki! i.'MHciitiuliy ))ra(;tical. I would teacli iiiodcrn hiHtory and geography down to our own day l)eforc aneiont, nnd make the children acupiitinted with the leading and interesting rpiCHtionH of the day, with nome knowledge of geology, mineralogy, hiology, Hleam, eleetrieify, ele. ele. ; ho that by the time they left the Inntitution they might i)e ahle to take their plaec, if thrown there, in educated noeiety, and lie ahle to read hookw, papers, and jjeriodicals in their own JiomeH,— a eoriHtant Kouree of intereHt to themselves and comfort to the old people, I would aUo let the children have at the Institution a liberal supply of interesting books, generally illustrated, now they arc so inexpensive, for their jierusal in their leisure hours. Above all things I would give them olso some religious education awry day, taking care also to make that as interesting as it ran be made. This subject miglit of course be ani]»lified to any extent, but I have written enough to convey my own general views thereon, which, if adopted, can be afterwards moulded into a definite ■hape. "One first-class licad master should, I think, be appointed, who should have entire charge of the children and the Institution. Mr. Js'cUes has, I understand, practically been 8Ui)crintendcnt. and has catered for the children, but l»e would no doubt be gladly relieved of u responsibility which should properly be thrown on the head master, under ifstruclion from the Company, and possibly sonic supervision on this side. There should, 1 consider, be a formal examination of the children twice a year, at which flie other teachers should Im) in- vited to be present ; and I would ap|)oint os Visitor for this purpose, to conduct, or at all events to rejmrt on the examination, some gentle- man connected with education as a proft'ssion, but quite independent of the Company or its missionaries, and not resident in section of country under consideration, .Mr, .lolrn Martland, Classical and Knglish Master of l'pj)CT Canada College, Toronto, a man of about thirty-six years of age, of modern ideas, w ould be willing to undertake such a duty Christinas and MiilHiimmer, Mr, Martland expects to paj a visit this summer to Kngland, where he goes nearly every year, and if the Committee think fit, ho will visit the Institution before leaving, merely charging his expenses. The Committee will then have the benefit of the advice of oiu; who has had practical experience in edu- eational matters, Mr. Martland is M.A, of (Queen's College, Oxford. Among other references lie can name the present Bishop of Mauche»- » I ' t ' ( i ! '1 9i ORAN'D R.VER OH TCSCAROaA RESERVE. [1872. tcr, who was out here not long ago making inquiries about the srbool system. " It appcnrfl very doubtful whether it wouM he juilieious in the Company to go to any considerable expense in teaching trades, The expenditure would be difBcult to check, and the Indians do not often follow the trade to which they may have been trained. I would advise only the est;il)li8hment of a carpenters' shop, as this will be useful in connection with the farm ; and a knowledge of carpenters' work is use- ful to any man in this country. The Company might authorize in- struction in some trade hereafter, if it can be shown to be advantageous to the children, and with a guarantee that it will not involve too great expense. The girls mii,'ht be taught sewing, as now, and any other work of that nature whii-h should cost the Company little or nothing. "The farm I would make entirely distinct from the Institution, letting the farmer live in a separate house, not near the Institute. I understood from Mr. NcUes that the farmer lived in the main building, but I afterwards heard that there is another house for the farmer. I would give any boy an opportunity of learning farming, provided it did not interfere with his education. But he can always gain some know- ledge of this at his own home. I am unabl? to recommend any one for this post. It is worth while for the Committee to consider whether it would not be more economical to have the farm ' worked on shares,' the farmer giving a portion, probably half, the produce by way of rent, a very common arrangement in this country. " On reference to your letter, I see the Manual Labour School mentioned as in existence. I could see or hear nothing of it further than that it had been tried at considerable expense with unsatisfactory results. I arrived at the conclusion that it had not been given a fair trial, and that money had not been used to the best advantage of the Company or those who should have derived benefit therefrom. In any case, however, I believe money required for such a purpose can be expended with far greater effect in giving a higher education, which Mr. Nelles is also anxious to see. " This report has probably not taken the direction that was contem- plated, but the subject of the Institution assumed considerable im- portance in my eyes before I returned from my visit there; and I shall be pleased if my views, crudely expressed as they are, are adopted by the Committee. My expenses came to betweeu 24 and 25 dollars, say £5 sterling. They were somewhat incre?iied by bad connection of trains and delays on Grand Trunk. " I regretted not having time to visit Mr. Elliot, and see his church, which is reported to be a beautiful specimen of architecture." 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 95 On receipt of this report and the foregoing letters from Canon NcHcs and Isaac Barefoot, tlic thanks of the Company were conveyed to Isaac Barefoot, through Canon Nelles, for the Hymn-book, and for having undertaken the translation of the new edition. Canon Nelles was also requested to explain the reason why the new edition of the Indian Ilymn-hook is stated to be " published by the New England Company," no reply having been received from him to the Clerk's letter of the 13th July last, requesting him to inform the Committee what number of copies it was proposed to print, and to forward an estimate of the cost of printing the new edition. The attention of the Rev. Canon Nelles was also called to the letters of 18th December and 13th February last, and ho was reminded that he had not furnished the Committee with any information in reference to the Manual Labour School, either as to the number of pupils receiving instruction, or as to the trades taught therein. The four missionaries at the Company's stations on the Grand Biver were requested to meet and confer iipon the question whether the appointment of ^ Superintendent for the Mohawk Institution, in succession to Mr. Bouslaugh, was then necessary, and the measures to be adopted to render the Institution really efficient, and report to the Committee, collectively or individually, what they recommended to be done. Canon Nelles was informed that if Mr. Griffith retired from teaching the boys school at the Mohawk Institution, the Company v.ould give him one year's salary as a gratuity. The Canon was also requested to inquire for a first-class certificated teacher from the Normal School at Toronto, to fill the sitiuition of superintendent if required, and to forward his testimonials to the Committee, and inform them what in his opinion would be a proper amount of salary. Canon Nelles was also requested to inform the Committee in what manner the Manual Labour Farm, the Mohawk Mission School Lot, and the land bought of Babcock were then occupied, and to what uses they were devoted ; and also as to the com'sc of instruction given to the ' I I 96 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. .* iil pupils at the Mohawk Institution in farming and in carpen- tering, and other trades, if any such were given, and in all other respects. The foregoing Report of Mr. C. J. Blomfield on the Mo- hawk Institution* having been maturely considered by the Committee on the 27th March, 1872, it was resolved, "That, inasmuch as the wish of the Committee to render the Mohawk Institution thoroughly efficient might occasion a considerable increase of expenditure on that Institution, the Committee requested the Auditors to consider and report on the best means of providing for such probable increase of expenditure." A paper of suggestions drawn up at the request of the Committee (for the consideration of the missionaries at their proposed conference in order to advise the Committee on the best scheme for rendering the Mohawk Institution efficient as a place of instruction), was printed and sent to each of the missionaries.f The following letter from the Rev. Canon Nelles was received 6th April, 1872. " I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 13th February. With respect to Margaret Van Every, I have to inform yoii that sho was not refused a longer continuance at the Mohawk Institution. Previous to the summer vacation slie became very self-willed and stubborn ; so much so, that both the matron and teacher complained of her ill-conduct ; and when she was spoken to by Mrs. Nelles, she said she did not intend to remain at the Institute, as Mr. Roberts had ])romi8ed to send her to a better school. When the children returned to school, jMargaret did not come back, and I supplied her place by taking her cousin. Some weeks after the school reopened, she camo to see her sister, and then told the mistress that she was not coming back any more, as sho was soon to be sent to college ; how her father understood that sho jould not remain any longer I do not know. She wna neither a good cliild nor a good learner. " When the pupils remain suiliciently long at the Institute, they receive an education whicl; is quite adequate for the ordinary require- ments of the Indians. At the same time I ngree with the Committee • See ante p. i)2. t See I'oBt p. 108 for questions and roplios. I 1 I i : i; 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 07 in tho desirability of making tlic Moliawk Institution more cdlciont, and to timt cud will gliidly ciirry out any plans that (lie (^)nlpauy may desire. For this ])urpo.st', 1 tiiink it very important that a school- house should he erected separate from tlic nuiin huildint; ; this Mould give additional sleeping compartnnents, \\liich arc much needed. I enclose an estimate of the probable expense of a brick building, to accommodate 100 children. Should the Comi)any decide upon having such a building, it would bo desirable to have plans and specifications prc])ared, and to advertise for tenders. " I very much regret that there should have been any mistake with respect to your communication of October (Jth last. I did not under- stand that the Committee desired an inuncdiate and special report, but that at the end of the half-year, as had l)oeu usual, I should give tho information desired, which I trust you have received ere this. I may not have entered sufficiently into details, but I did not suppose tho Committee would care to hear that once a week Mrs. Nelles and my- self spend an evening with the cliildren at tho Institute; or how she spent about six weeks getting up two Christmas-trees for their aniuso- ment ; or that the girls from college spend their vacations ehielly at; the parsonage, where their wardrobes undergo inspection and I'elltting or the many little ditlicnilties among th'? children I am constantly called upon to settle. " In my last, I did not speak of tho farm ; at this season of tho year very little can bo done. I may, however state, that since Mr. Boiis- laugh left in October last, I have had liobert Park engaged, as Mr. Gritlilh does not understand anything about farming. About thirty acres of land was put in with wheat last fall; in consequence of ".a- usually dry weatJier, it was not iiossihlc to plough or prepare much land for spring crops, which will cuise additional work to be done thia spring. A good (fiim of horses is niurh needed on tho farm ; tho work for the last few years luis been chiefly done by my teams. "I regret to have to inform you of the sutlden death of Mr. Josepli Carpenter, for many years a most useful nnploije of the Company as interjireter and eatochist. "I en:'lose letters from the two Imlian girls at Ilellmuth College, which will enable you to judge of their improvement." At the same tin.o Canon Ncllcs sent an estimate of tlic cost of l)uiUlin{» a )»c\v sch-ool -house for the MoliawU Institu- tion to accommodate 100 pupils, prepared in March, 1S72, hy Mr. John Ilcnry, of IJrantford. It amounted to 1300 dollars, or about .C:285. \\\ k 1'^' IT 98 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCAKORA RESERVE. [1872. I! ■5 'Li Oil the 2n(l April, 1872, the Committee wrote to the Rev. .Tas, (^liancc, acknowledging the receipt of his letter of the Kith January, and expressing their great satisfaction with the interesting details that he had furnished, .and at finding his opinion accord so entirely with their own on the subject of the education which ought to be given to the Indians on the Reserve, and their entire agreement with him that the teach- ing at the Mohawk Institution should be of a much higher character than it had for some time been, and the opinion they had long (Mitertaincd that much is also required to be done to raise the day schools to the proper standard of effi- ciency, and their confidence that he would second their efforts to accomplish these very desirable ends. As a measure calculated to effect tliis object, the Com- mittee passed and communicated to the missionaries their re- solution of 18th March, 1872, given at p. 95, ante. In their communication to Mr. Chance they added that they quite concurred with him that the education given on the Reserve and at the Institution should be sufficient for all classes of Indian pupils, and that the practice of sending them to the highest schools and colleges in the Dominion sliculd as a general rule be discontinued ; and that, for teachers, the To- ronto Training School is the best preparation. On the 2nd April, 1872, the Clerk wrote to the Rev. Canon Nelles as follows : — "The Committee thank you for the information contained in your letter ..f the 14tli February, as to the proceedings at the Mohawk Station anil Institution, and arc happy to find tliat you have the valu- able aid of Mrs. Xclies in the female dcpartnionl:. •' You refer to the Kcsolution of the Committee passed on the 5th September, 1H71, and I am to state that the Committee is most anxious that their missionaries at each station should confine tlieniselves, each to his own duly and liis own station, except in cases where consulta- tions l)et\veen them on subjects involving the general welfare of the whole of the Company's field of action may be wise and expedient — and that freipient full reports of their proceedings should be supplied to 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 99 the Committco, and they enrnostly dcsiro to discourngo all jealousies and animosities, and everything that is inconsistent willi Cliristian love and cliarity. " In your account for last half-j'oar we (ind the usual entry of 2ii8la)i<,'h is nceesnary ; if so, whetlior he should be a first- fla^H f'Tfififated teacher from t'/ic Normsil School at Toronto. " SlionM Mr, CirilJith retire from teaching the hoys' school at the fnstitiitiori, the Company would be willing to give him a year's salary, as u gratuity. " If it is fonnrl thst a first-class certificated teacher can be obtained from the Normal School at Toronto for the boj's at the Institution ; th« Committee will tlianl. you to forward to them his testimonials, and full particulars of his rpialifications, and inform them what amount of Kiilary you consirler it would be proper for the Company to pay him." On the 4th May, Canon Nelles acknowledged the receipt of the foregoing letter, and mentioned a meeting of the missionaries, on his invitation, two days before, when it was proposed that tlieir report on the subjects mentioned in the Company's letter of the 2nd April, should be de- ferred for a week, to enable each to consider the matter brought before him, and that another niceting had been appointed for the 10th inst., and that in the meantime he purpo»icd going to Toronto to obtain information respecting a Normal School teacher, probable salary, etc. T'.f following letter from Isaac Barefoot to the Treasurer was received I^Iay 8th, 1872. "The Rev. Canon Nelles has conveyed to mo the ecntiracnts of the Company, which they very kindly express Avith reference to what I have done towards getting out an Indian Ilymn-book for our people, which is very much needed. The Company may rest assured that I fhall alw ays cheerfully do all I can to further any means calculated to elevate the Indians in their temporal, social, and religious state. I hope I Hhall ever remember what the Company have so kindly done for me, anrl ftrivc to show my gratitude to them by my conduct. You would confer much favour if you would kindly at your con- vonienee mention it to them. Will you also be kind enough to accept a cojiy of the Jfymn-book, as a present from me for yourself," On the 23rd May, 1872, the Committee wrote to Superin- tendent (iilkison inquiring whether he could assist in sus- taining the New England Company's schools by obtaining 1872.] MOIIAWK STATION. 101 for them grants froin the funds of the Six Nation Indians under tlie superiutemlence of the Indian Department, similar to those ni'ule to the seliool tej'eliers of the Mississaguas at New Credit from the hands of Indians of that portion of the Grand lliver Reserve, In the course of the many deliberations of the Committee upon the state of the Mohawk Institution as diselosed to them by the Uei)ort of Mr. IJlomfield, and from other sourees, many of the members of the Committee beeame convinced that tlie best mode of rendering the Institution thoroughly efficient for the purpose of supplementing the education at the different day schools on the Reserve, and training the Indian youths of both sexes for useful employments in life, might be to send out from this country a lay Instructor at tlie Institution, if a suitable person could be found to under- take the task. One result of their individual inquiries was a private letter from Captain Rrookes, the Superintendent of the Middlesex Industrial School at Feltham, to one of the members of the Committee, speaking highly of Mr. Robert Ashton, who had been since 1801, an efficient Schoolmaster, and was then acting as second Clerk at that Institution. At the request of the member to whom this letter was addressed, Mr. Robert Ashton attended the Committee on the 13th May, 1872. From him they learnt that he had had much experience as a schoolmaster, and had given instruc- tion in the usual indoor studies, and also out of doors, in gardening, digging, etc., but not in carpcnteriiig, or other trades. On the 13th May, 1872, the Committee ^informed Canon Nelles that they desired him to forward Monthly Reports of the proceedings at the Mohawk Institution and Station, and to render accounts of his receipts and payments for the In- stitution and the farm, on the account sheets^ which would be supplied to him by the Company for that purpose. In January, 1872, the Committee had received, through the Rev. R. J. Roberts, from Levi Bomberry, an Indian of the 111 ??f>752 102 (JKAXD KlVEll OH TUSCAROKA RESERVE. [1872 I! Cayuga Tribe, an application for assistance to obtain Iiiglicr tfhiciition at the Canadian Literary Institute. This applica- tion was accompanied by recommendations from four of the chiefs, and fi'om Mr. W. Watkins, Mayor of IJrantford ; the Hon. Oliver Blake, Senator of Canada and the Rev. Alexander Stewart, Superintendent of the Baptist Churches and Congregations in the Keservc. This ajjplication, how- ever, was not supported by the Bev. K. J. Roberts, on the ground of tlic health of the applicant and for other reasons. The Committee therefore did not entertain the application, but thought the opportunity favourable for obtaining from the gentlemen who had recommended it their general views on the subject of improving the education given at the Mo- hawk Institution, so as to supply all the wants of the Indians. Accordingly, on tlie 12th February, 1872, they wrote to Mr. \Vatkins, the Hon. Oliver Blake, and the Rev. Alexander Stewart, stating their own opinions that such an education as ought to be imparted at their Schools and Institution should be all that the Indians required, and requesting them to fur- nish any suggestions which their intimate knowledge of the Indians might enable them to make. No reply was received from Mr. AVatkins, but the follow- ing letters were received from the Hon. Oliver Blake and i\U: Rev. Alexander Stewart. The letter of the former g'.ntlc- nian with a P.S. marked " Private" was as follows : — " Senate Chambeh, Ottawa, ^tpril Wifi, 1872. " I'o the New Enolaxd Company, London." •' In your note of tlie 12tU February, you say tliat you would bt; glad to receive any suggostiona that I have to make iu relation to the educatiou of the Indians iu Canada, mLoui you are desirous of benefiting. My knowledge of the Indians generally is (luite limited. " I fully agree with the opinion expressed in your note, that in the main the education obtained at your schools and institutions is all tluit ih really useful, but I do, at the same time, think that a higher education of suitable persons to be teachers and ministers among their own l)eople i^ very desirable. I believe tliat those that have most ex- perience ui the work of missions, have- found that native preacherB 1872.] MOHAWK STATIOX. 103 aro, almost without exception, tlio most successful, and more especially is tills the case when Enj^iish speaking ministers have to preach through an interpreter ; the latter is the mode of j>reaching among many of tlic Indian tribes in the Dominion, and it has been found that suitable native preachers can teacli their own people better than any man who cannot speak ilieir own language. " Levi Uombcrry wislies to jjreach the Gospel to his countrymen. His talents lor tliis work aro much in advance of tliose of Indians^ generally ; he is thought to bo a very promising young man for this work, lie has been offered a good salary for an Indian, viz. ;J( Indian, .lames I'owU-ss, to the Normal School at Toronto, for one year, with the view of fitting him to hcconie u hcIiooI Icaeher on the llescrse. Th(! following rt;port of the; Hoard of Missionaries at tin; (Jraiid River StationH was reeeived on the 5th June, H72:— "Mohawk Inhtitute, " Moi/ UUh, 1872. '■ Id comididiico with llio rrfjHCMt of tlio ('oininittoo of tlie Nt-w IOel^,'- Jaiiti (.'iMiiiiiiiiy, iiuMilioiicil in your lt;lti'r of tlie 'iiiil nil., wu met tit lliu Moiiitvtk liiHlitiition on iho 2ii(i innt., for lliu ])urposo of cotiNull'iif; to;{fllicr n'lalivo to the muI»J('cIm which tlic Ooinniitleo 8ul)Uiil(cd to our coimiderulioii, hut iim one of our nutrd)cr, tlio Jtev. J. Chaiici-, liiid rcc'f'ivfd no coiiiinuniculion wliutevcr from tiie Comniiltec on tiio sub- ject of tlu! nicetinj;, and iim the Cliuirnmn, the llev. Canon Neilcs, Imd l*y tliiit (lay's mail reeeived a printed eirculur eontuinin}; (|iu>HlionH and HU((^eHlionH for our fin'lher eonsiderution, aa all expected to receive similar eireulurH, und uh Home of the ({ueHlions seem to bear on the siiliject mentioned in your letter of the 2nd ult., wo thouj,'ht it advis- al'ie to adjourn our meeting until the lOtli, and uilbrd time for the receipt und eonHiderution of our expected communieution. " VV^c met again on the lOlh inst,, hut owing to the unavoidable ubMciicc of one of our number, the Jlev. K. J. Itobcrts, wo ogain adjourned until the lOth inst., and now wc beg to state that, having eoiiHidered and answered the (jueslions and suggestions in the i)rinted circulars, we do not consider it necessary to send a distinct and separate rc|iort on the subjccjt siiltmitted for our consideration" in your letter of April 2iid. liut with reference to a successor to Mr. l}ouslau^h, we beg to report that in our opinion it is necessary that one should be a|)pointed. ile should be u practical farmer, and married, so that * 111 July, 1S72, tlio Committee rcnolvcd to dincoiitiimc tlio uUowiinec to tliii liidiiiii yoiilli, und rt'coinmeiiiied that he should bo ! cri'i linn of ii new sclioul-rooin, the roonia in the [nwfitution now oci'iipiod for hcIh'dI |iiir- ])oses would 1)0 then availahle for Hiccpiiip acfoniniodation. The sii]ii.ly of hooks and mnps is adoqnnto for prosont roquiivnionts. "0. Q. — What profjre.'is have tho present pupils individunlly mado in tho difl'erent suhjects in which they liavo been instructed P IIow many classes are there, and how many in each class ? "A. — As no standard of education for admission into the Institution has been hitherto llxed, and s'nce the ])roficicncy of candidates has not been tested by an entrance exar.'iiintiun. no accurate knowledge of individual progress can be ascertained beyond that conveyed by tho reports supt)liod to the Company by the teachers. By comparing, ' owevcr, the attainments of the children at the Institution with thoso of the children attending; the diiy schools, the former seem to have made favourable progress. In tho boys' school there are Hvo classes with a range of four to twelve in each class. In the girls' school there arc seven daises, and a range from one to eleven in cacli. "7. Q. — In what respects is tho education at the Mohawk Institu- tion superior to that obtained in tho day schools of tho reserve P "A. — Tho education imparted at tho iVrohawk Institution is superior to that obtained in tho day schools in respect to its character and extent. Th» Institution professedly supplements the education given in the day schools, and by tho advantage of boarding which it affords it secures that regular and punctual attendance so essential to eatisfac- tory progress. "8. Q. — "What religious instruction is given, and is it confined to the Sunday school, or is it given daily in the ]\Tohawk Institution ; and arc pupils allowed to be absent in case their parents object to such teaching P '* A. — The religious instruction given in the Mohawk Institution is in accordance with the truths and principles of the Christian religion, and as set forth in tlio creeds and Articles of the Church of England. It is not confined to the Sunday school, but is given in some measure daily. There are children at tho Institution belonging to several denominations of Protestants, there are some Homan Catholics and some pagans, but, happil}^ no objection to the religious teaching has ever yec been made by any. "9. Q. — What standard of education will tho day schools of tho reserve supply to the best scholars before they are admitted to tho Institution P " A. — The standard of education in those schools is very low — II I \'\^ I no GRA\n RIVER OR TUSCAUORA KKSKRVE. [18: ■ ' v I much lower than it on2;lit to be, consideritiir that th? vast majority of tlie children arc .U^pcndcnt ujion them for all the education they can receive, but tlie present standard of education certainly embraces the subjects of r.'ading, writing, and arithmetic mentioned in the following suggestion : — " 10. Q. — It is suggested that acquirements at the day schools should certainly embrace — I. IJeading English easily and with undcrstaud- ing ; 2. Writing fairly ; 3. Some proilciency in Arithmetic. And that a knowledge of these three subjects should be required previous to ad- mission into the .\rohawk Institution. ''A — It is exceedingly desirable that the education of candidates for the TuiUitution should be so far advanced as to include the ac(juirp- ments hercii; Ciuuur^rated. Eeading, English (say Second 13ook Na- tional series) with some fair understanding, "Writing a legible hand, and a good knowledge of the first four rules of Arithmetic. " 11 Q. — At the Institution the elementary education obtained at the day school should be supplemented and extended to higher branches of a good practical nature, so as gradually to raise all the young who go there to a higher scale of social life. Kow can this bo best accomplished? *'' A. — This suggestion meets a hearty and universal concurrence, and mri}' be fully and satisfactorily carried out by teachers specially qualified for the accomplishment of the noble object mentioned. " 12. Q. — Modern History, down to our own day, will be more valuable than Ancient History : Geography, Geology, Mineralogy, Biolog}', Chemistry, Electricitj', Steam, etc. etc. Cannot all these subjects be made interesting and familiar to the pupils P "A. — If Ancient History is understood hero as not including the two important parts of Sacred and Ecclesiastical History, then the suggestion that Modern History as a branch of education would be more valuable is concurred in ; but when we consider the relation which Ancient History bears to Modern, the former cannot be alto- gether dispensed with, as o knowledge thereof in some degree is essen- tial to the full and propei understanding, and due a])preciation of Modern History. An answer to the direct question may be given in the aflirmative, providing the teachers are supplied with the neces- sary apparatus. " 13. Q. — Caqientering and smiths' work must be of use for all boys in the Dominion. Cannot some other manual labours also be advantageously taught ? "A. — The arts or occupations here mentioned would be unques- tionably useful, but they cannot be advantageously taught at the 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. Ill Institution. However, as many of the Indiana (like the wliito people) are not disposed to farming, and as sonic arc physically iiieapable of following that occupation, it may' be very beneficial to the Indians to have some of their children apprenticed from time to time to learn some useful arts or trades in the adjacent towns or neighbourhood, according to their different tastes or predilection and ajjtitude fur learning. " 11. Q. — Why may not farming, gardening, draining, road-making, and boring wells, engineering, etc., claim attention? " A. — The first four occupations here mentioned are already taught at the Institution as far as practicable; the others may be more advan- tageously taught elsewhere. " 15. Q. — Sewing and knitting, mending and making clothes, must bo of use to almost all. Why should they not be taught in the schools, and why not also at the Institution P " A. — These useful arts are already taught in those schools presided over by female teachers, and also at the Institution. "Answer to \^th question hij licv. li. J. Jiofjertx. — At tiro of my schools there are female teachers, but they have not, as yet, given any instruction in sewing, knitting, etc. These arts, however, ought to be taught by all female teachers. " IG. Q. — Should not cooking and household work be taught to all the girls at the Institution P " A. — Moat certainly, and it has been so effectually taught that girls from the Institution have been eagerly sought alter as servants by some of the most respectable people at Brantford. " 17. Q. — Is it impracticable to do so at all the Schools P " J.— Yes. " IS. Q. — The acquisition and study of other languages, ancient and modern, besides English, will probably not be desirable, at any rate, for the present ? "A, — This depends upon the object which the Institution is ex- pected to accomplish — whether it is to be a linishing school, and what will bo considered the standard of a finished education for tho Indians. " IS). Q. — How can tho desire of the New England Company bo best accomplished that admission to the Mohawk Institution should be by merit; and the proficiency of candidates should be tested by an entrance examination, comprising the reading of English, writing, and arithmetic in all cases, without exception P " A. — IJy the establishment of a Hoard of Examiners, consisting of all the Company's missionaries, who shall examine all candidates for 112 OllAND RIVKR OR TUSCARORA RESERVK. ri872. i' !H" ' admission into tlie Institution, and who shall grant admission only nccordinf^ to a (.•crtaiii standard of ])rofi('ien('y, and providinji; the can- didates i)r('scnt to the Board testimonials of good conduct from their teachers or superintendents. " 20. Q. — Why should not some instruction be given as to health, and general views be given on physiology, so as to enable the Indian children to become acquainted with the structure of the human body, and the injurious effects of alcoholic liquors? " A. — Instruction on these important subjects is given to some extent at the Institution ; it may, however, be desirable for the mis- sionaries to supplement the efforts of the teachers by giving lectures occasionally on those subjects, adapted to the understanding of the children. " 21. Q. — "What are the subjects in which a certificated teacher belonging to the Normal School at Toronto is examined previous lo his obtaining his certificate? "A. — All those subjects which arc generally considered by the Superintendents of Education to be essential to a good and complete Englisji education.* "22. Q. — What will be the requisite salary for a Toronto (crtifi- cated teacher at the Mohawk? " A. — From five to six hundred dollars. (Signed) " Abraham Nellks. "AnAst Elliot. "EonKKT J\ME.S KonKUTS. "James Chance." On tlic 5tli June, 1872, the following letter was received from the Rev. Canon Nellcs : — "Buantford, Mai/ 18/7/, 1372. " In forwarding the enclosed papers, I beg to reply to t' c parts of your letter ol April 2nd which particularly require notice. With respect to the Ilymn book, I beg to explain that on rc(eii)t of your letter of the l:ith July last, I sent for a written estimate of the cost of printing and binding (')< copies (I had previously bargained for the work to be done for 17 cts. a volume). I never received an answer from the jjrinter, and indeed the inquiry then c "aped my memory. It was afterwards thought desirable that a larger edition shoidd bo 1 t t( U \\ P 8C • A printed progninune of tlio subjocts in wliidi a canilidate for a first- class ccrtiflcuto is exuiniiiod at tlio Novmul School, Toronto, was enclosed. 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 113 firat- published, with a few more hymns than at first proposed, and we have had 1000 copies printed, but as some of them were done in an inferior manner, owing to a strike among the printers and book- binders, a reduction of 1 ct. a volume was made. We have 1000 copies at 16 cts., ItJO dollars costs, including express charges and three or four journeys of I. Barefoot to Toronto, 25 dollars, making altogether 185 dollars. The title-page was put in, as it is, with the expectation that the Company would defray the expense of so necessary a work, or at least make a grant towards it, which I trust they will do. Should the Company not defray the whcle expense, it is suggested that they should be sold to the Indians at such a reduced price as would make up any balance. The only inconvenience in this plan is that I would not be likely to receive wiiut I have ])aiil out during my lifetime, "The rents rcceivei.1, 200 dollars, mentioned in my account, are derived from the following sources; — 1. The Delaware School lot, leased to David M'Clung, SO dollars ; this base ox]iires two years from last April. 2. Onondaga School lot, leased to J. S. Kingston, 60 dollars ; expires in five years. ;}. Oneida lot to Mordant and Hildred, 60 dollars ; expires in two years. "On the subject of the Manual Labour School, there seems to be some misunderstanding. There has been no such school for many years. It was found that the benefit to the Indians was not what it was expected to be, and by no means adeciuate to the expense incurred, and the Company directed the teaching of trades should be dispensed with.* The Indians have plenty of land, and the boys when ihey leave school and settle in life generally turn their attention to farming. Ot all the Indians youths who were taught trades at the Institution, «nV, two work at their trade on the Reserve, and they do so only part •>'' ,'^e time. The Mohawk Mission School lot, and the land bouglit 'Vc I Babcock, are included in what is called the Mohawk Institution I't-v: and is worked for the benefit of the school. The ^''firmer takes two or three of the largest boys, in turn, to work with him and to teach them. "A fe\\ of the boys refuse to work, saying they come to the Insti- tution to learn (heir books and not to work, but gem ..lly they are willing to work very well. As far as possible some cmi)loyment is provided for the small boys ; after school hours some attend to the pigs, some bring the cows from pasture, others assist to milk and do any light work about the place that is necessary. I beg to remark that a • The Committee find no trace of ary iuch direction. 8 ¥ 114 GRAND RIVER OE TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. t'ori»i(lfrablc part of the farm (70 or 80 acres) lying along the river has only Yteen uned for pasturage, on account of the spring freshets, which would carry away all the rails, and, for want of being properly fenced, is almoHt a common during the low water of summer, when cattle can croHH the river. This would be a most valuable addition to the farm if sufficiently protected, which can only be done by having movable fenccii, which could be taken up in the fall and replaced in the spring, after the freshets are past ; this would cost probably 300 or 400 dollars. I think it is well worth the expense. " With respect to the girls at the Institution, I think I have already informed ''■■•• Company tlwit, in addition to their studies in school, they are, and liu r • -s been, taught all useful housekeeping as well as spinning, knu. sewing, mending, darning, etc. All the clothes worn by the cliii...en at the Institution, except the boys' winter coats, have always been made by the girls, under the instruction and with the aHsistance of a sewing woman. The knitting for all the children has also been mostly done by the girls, but I think they have too much of this sort of work to do, and would recommend that a knitting-machine bo purchased, which would cost I believe about 60 dollars. "With respect to the increased salary to Mr. Griffith, and a months' pay to Carrycr, I beg in explanation to say that when Mr. and Mrs. IJousIaugh left the Institution, not being able at the time to find what I considered suitable persons to take their place, I put Mr. Griffith and his wife in charge of the establishment, as I then informed the Company, but, of course, I could not expect the services of both for the Bum Mr. Griffith received as schoolmaster, and considered it right to give them the same that was given to the Bouslaughs when they first came to the Institution. It was found that Mr. Griffith could not satisfactorily perform both duties, particularly when the scarlet fever broke out, and I employed Carryer to take his place in the Iwys' school for the month of December. Carryer has continued teaching until last week, when he was sent by the Government to the Province of Manitoba with a surveying party. Mr. Griffith will attend to ichool as far as possible until the changes contemplated shall have }>c0n made, *' Bespecting a teacher from the Normal School at Toronto, I beg to inform you that in order to obtain the necessary information I visited the Normal School at that place for the purpose, and learned from the Principal that it is almost impossible to get a first-class certificated teacher; the few who obtain such certificates are gene- rally employed as County School Inspectors, and receive salaries of lOiH) dollars or 12 a> i3 b a ^ a 3 _> % '■ ^ ja " ,d • « S Q 1 M 1 3 a o , a ^ a C ^-4 ,2 Im g .2 a a O' _o 'S o «# I." J o. « a. i £ 3 Q b "3 "s 0; 'S li 'y ft. cb « u flu 1 ? o H t-J S a, 2 3 c § a tt > X3 - tt *^ vS .a • c fe (5 1. ■ 8 S •c S 4^ i c s 1-4 a ,2 o a> g § fl o d T >^ Qi .2 ■3 _o *a Ml > p. . ^ -«-> s 2 9* « § & :3 ,3 on £^ *? 'j' b cT s 'C Q ft. 02 (§ Hi « •t 5= , b _2 :§ .£ & ^ M til e3 E E 1^ » ,i J3 > 3 . e ^ S .c PS i5 •E : t-H 1 a _2 a o e HH rt .2 a .2 a _2 *S ft. *i o ft. *-w o >h" > p. 1 s .1 as a, 2 s : rt ■< ft. ^ ft. 4 E 4* 1 Q a; Pm K B. K tl< K o< as b^ _o ~V" EH 1—* c 0' a. C c 1 a o 1 (5 s *E : O 91 a a a ^ o 1-5 h-t 1 a 1^ § > e ' «. o s. ■> 1 O c 1. ■w fld " •I •< Pui W W PS h 2 g ^ O Oi •p * _2 a M .2 S .2 (A Lr S 3 s t s ■5 ** s ^ a J3 * ' a b ■c « 'C s « O -^ S -<] a 2 g "^^ o r» ec T o 9 i CI i ii 2 I I s 7 § 1 CI i f-< o d i< 1872 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 117 B 2.—" LIST OF \70UK GIBLS WEEKLY. " Mary Ann Ciisick Cliristina John, senior Mary Jane 13uller Lucy Douglass. II. " Julia Carryer Julia Jonathen Sarah Jane Davis Martha Jamieson. in. ** Mary Ann Powles.s Phebe Snake Avis Johnson Sarah Splicer. IV. " Louisa Clench Charlotte Powless Charlotte Johnaon Christina John, junior. V. " Kebecca Miller Eliza Snake Ellen M. Garlow Louisa Sero. VI. " Charlotte Hope CliarlolteHill Catherine Vanevery Esther Martin," 3. — Extract from Visitors' Book, dated May 17tb, 1872: — " I have been much gratified by my visit to the Mohawk InHtitution, and have had cause to remark the neatness and clearness of the writing and ciphering of the pupils, which compares very favourably with tliat which I have been accustomed to see in the English ele- mentary schools. (Signed) " Hen'^y Newman, M.A., " Balliol College, Oxford, England. "F. Wm. Nash, '* Bristol, England. "E. G. Hectob, "Montreal," To which Canon Nelles added — " Mr. Newman made some verbal remarks respecting the good order which prevailed in his pre»eMce." Oil the 15th Julv, the Committee informed Canon Ncllcs tliat they had granted a sum of £,'Z0 towards the expense i'l- eurred by him in printing a new edition of the Indian Hymn- book, and that they eoncurred in his suggestion that the book should be sold at a moderate charge to the Indian.s, and thereby realize the residue of the cost. ii ii i ^ ^ii ' ! 118 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCAUOKA RESERVE. [1872. The Committee also requested Canon Nellcs to inform them when the teaching of trades, to the Indian pupils, at the Manual Labour School, ceased, and at what date he received instructions from the Company that the teaching of trades there should be dispensed with ; also to furnish the Committee with the name of the farmer whom he mentioned as farming the Mohawk Institution Farm. The Committee informed the Canon that they did not think it advisable that the Girls* School at the Moliawk Institution should be supplied with a knitting-machine. At the meeting of the Committee on the 3rd July, Mr. Solomon Youmans Cheslcy was introduced to the Committee by Viscount Bury, wlio informed them that Mr. Cheslcy had during forty-six years been Deputy-Supcrintciulent of the Indians for the Provinces, and Chief Clerk in the Indian Department. Mr. Chesley then gave the Committee much valuable information as to the management of the Indians, and their views on various subjects. He stated that he was familiar with the Indian language. He did not consider the instruction given at the jSIohawk Institution sufficiently good, an Indian boy sent there by him not having made satisfactory progress. At a (!ourt held on the same day, Mr. (/hesley was elected a member of the Company. At the Annual General Court of the Company, held on the 3rd July, 1872, attention having been called to a letter of the Hon. Joseph Howe, Secretary of State for the Provinces, to the Treasurer, dated the 15th February, 1870, referring to a resolution passed by the Court on the 25th January, 1870, * relating to the construction of roads, bridges, etc., on Indian Reserves, which resolution the Hon. J. • Report 1869-70, p. 112. ill ill 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 119 orm at he of the )I1C(1 Howe had referred to J.T. Gilkison, Esq., the Local Superin- tendent, desiring him to suhmit a project for the hotter maintenance of those works, it was resolved that the Clerk should write to the Hon. Joseph Howe, or to J. T. Gilkison, Esq., inquiring what progress the department had made in the matter. Accordingly, on the loth July, 1872, the following letter was writteu to the Hon. Joseph Howe : — «• New EyGtA!(i> Company's Office, "1, FtJBSiTAL's Inn, IIolborn, " London, " 15th July, 1872. The Hon, Joseph Howe, Secketary of State fob the Pbovinces, Ottawa. " Sir, — The General Court of the New Enj^land Company direct me to call your attention to your letter to the Treasurer of the Com- pany, dato'd the 12th April, 18/0, enclosing a report from Mr. Superin- tendent Gilkison, on the roads in the Grand Biver lleserve. " The information lately received by the Company from various quarters is to the eflect that these roads are still in a very incomplete and, in some places, dangerous condition. " The Company is of opinion that scarcely any measure is more adapted to advance the progress of the Indian races, towards civiliza- tion and material prosperity, than to give them good roads. " The prompt attention which you were so good as to give to the former representation of the Company, on the subject, on the £7tli January, 1870, leads the Court to believe that you will again, at their request, iiquire into the matter, and that you will kindly inform the Company what proceedings are being taken by the department for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, etc., on the Grand Biver Koserve. " I have the honour to be. Sir, " Your most obedient Servant, "(Signed; Walter C. Venning. " Clerk to the Companij." ^Illl 120 GRAND RIVKR OR TUHCAROHA RKSKKVK. [1872. i ' A meeting of the Committee wan Huinmoncd for the 22Md July, 1872, but, in consequence of the alwcncc of both Governor and Treasurer, no meeting; couhl he held, hut Mr. John Martliuul, B.A., Second Classical and Rc.-sident Master at Upper Canada ColU'gc, Toronto, had an interview with the five members then present, and gave a full account of a recent visit he had made at the request of the Treasurer to the Mohawk Institution. The following is the substance of the information given by him on that occasion : — Notes of Mr. John Mabtlanp'h Vt-rlml Htatcmfnt. " The Institution is about three miles distant from the town of Brantford, and four or five miiiute»' walk from the Af oiiank I'arson- a<;e, the residence of the llev. C'auon >i'elleH, The road from Urant- ford is good. "On licarin}^ that Mr. Martland had arrived at the Mohawk Institu- tion, Canon ^'elles eame to him there, and in rejily to his inquiries in- formed him that the Manual Labour Hchool ban not been found to answer, and had been {^iven up many years m^o. "j.'iat Mr. Uouslau},'h, the late Superintendent of the institution, and his wife, had left in October, 1871, and since then the Institution bad been without a Superintendent and .Matron, and the farm without a farmer. " The boys (pupils at the Institution) had done the plou^rhing and harrowinf? on the 2(XJ acres of farm land this ye.'ir, under the direction of Canon ^>elles and a hired man. Mr. .Martland HHked if any farm books were kept, and was told in reply by Canon Nelles that t/iid was a matter between himself and the Chmcut. " Tho number of white people working Indian farms on the Reserve I cannot correctly ascertain, but it is considerable, and the practice is increasing, so ranch so that the Indian Superintendent has received instructions from the Indian Department to have all the white people removed from the Ueserve, and ho informs mo that he intends to take steps immediately to - irry out his instructions. " T enclose a letter addressed to the New England Company, received a short time ago from tho llev. John Jacobs, oi' the Indian mission of Sarnia. (Signed) " Abm. Nklles." The following reports of the Mohawk Institution for the half-year ending June 30th, 1872, were forwarded by Canon Nelles : — ^ I i 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 126 BOYS' SCHOOL. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. G. 1. 2. a. 4. 5. G. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 11. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. Namof . Ajjfo. Abm. Lewis 20 Ed. Martin 17 OsoodlaLcft 15 Louis Benediok 20 Allon Johnson 14 Jolin Davis 16 Frans. Ilcwston 17 Mat Splicer IG John Schiiyler 16 Joseph Aaron 17 Iliram Jamieson 17 Wra. I{cep 14 Jesse Jonathan 11 Joseph Delislo 14 Chas. Atkins 12 Elliott Obediah 11 Teter Martin 12 Louis Martin 13 George Miller 13 Wm. Staats 15 Mat Hill 15 John Hill 16 Peter Silver 16 Moses Carpenter 20 jMichnel Longlish ... 16 John Elliott 14 Gcorgo Latham 10 G au- je-ra- ge-ro 12 Albert Hill 12 Abm. Hill 14 Thoa. Andrews 12 Joseph Lewis 13 Joseph Portor 13 Henry Powless 13 " Boys of this clnas road in r)th book of lessons, riiniuliiin History, study (Jeonraphy, Enfjlisli (Irmniii.'ir, Hook- k('0]iing, Cipher in the advanced nilos, .Scriptnro reading, etc. etc. " Read in 4th hook, study Ooo(?rapliy, F.ufjlisli Oranunar and ilook-keepinjf (the same as the tirst class). Cipher in lirojiorlion and fractions, Scripture read- inf^, Catechism, etc. " This class are rending the 3rd book over for the third or fourth tiui(\ In- dian children learn to read imd si>(>ll as (piick as w'/iite children, but it inkvn them a long tiuio ])eforo they become good readers, as they cannot Npeiik Muglish wiirds jdiiin, nor understand what they rend, th'reforo they read very little nu)re than their lessons. " b'nglish (trMTuui.ir is studied care- fully witli sonu> good results, Cii)lier ir» compound rules, 'J'estamcnt reading, Catechism, etc. etc. •'Read in 3rd book (page 2(i.'?) ; hnvrt been going over th(> rudimentary ])nrts of Orammar during the past year. Tlnir speaking Indiiin so much ani'ing them- selves when at play, or when out of school, is oiui (d'the greatest iiimlrancet to their i>rogresH at .school. We do wlias wo can to induce them to talk Knglish, uithitiit cniii/iii/Kinn. Cipher in simple (liviuion, Testament reading, etc. if t f r ) it: I I OIUND UIVEll OK TUSCAROUA RESERVE, 126 No. Names. Age. 1. Samson Jam icson 14 2. David Doxclutcr 14 3. Denis Soro IG 4. James ITill 10 5. David Keys 15 6. Goorf?e Peters 10 7. Tliofl. Jacques 12 8. Zech. Burning 14 1. Thos. Keys 12 2. Isaac Clause 13 3. Joseph Powless 11 4. "V»'il«on David 11 5. Dominick Plant 14 (J. Wm. lleilly 9 [1872. " Tho boys of this class have been rcadiiif? and spoiling in 2nd book during tho past year, and arc not fit for any- thiniy more di£5<;itit. Wo hiivo now in- troduced the new series of 2nd book. Cipher — addition, subtraction, and mul- tiplication ; learn multiplication tabic, etc. etc. book ('pap;o 27), write on slates, multiplication table, nimple ad- dition and subtniction. 1- lltll " The boys are tauglit to be practical farmers in an unostentatious way. In winter they help to tend the farm stock, and as soon as spring opens they sec the preparations for spring and summer work. Tiien each boy of competent age and strength, when there is work to do, is called on in his turn to give a helping hand. Some of these boys at present manage a plough, cultivator, seed-drill, and even a mowing-machine, very cleverly, equal, perhaps, to some of our most experienced farmers' sons. " I may also remark of the girls that they certainly compare favour- ably with their white neighbours in an industrial point of view. As I look over the work they have put through their hands, during the last 15 months, since I took charge of this place, I am astonished. I may hero n ention some of their work. "Boys' Jlothing: smocks end coats, 155; pants, 212; shirts, 193; BOcks, 14f . Girlb' Clothing : dresses, 205 ; chemises, 104; skirts, 43; petticoats 46; stockings, 105; aprons, 14; sheets, 87 ; pillow slips, 74 ; bed-t cks, 22 ; towels, 37 ; 2 suits, 2 pair of drawers, 2 night- dresses and all this work is said to bo done well and in good taste. (Signed) " Thos. GfiirFixn, " Teacher." ^ 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 127 GIRLS' SCTTOOL. No. Nfimps. Afro. 1. Phcbe Snake 17 2. Mfuy Ana Cusifk 1(5 3. Cliristiiui John 15 4. Avis Johnson 12 6. Siuah Jane Davis 12 (5. Julia Carryer 15 7. Julia Jonathan IG 8. ]\lary A. Powlcss ... 15 9. Charlotte Powh-ss ... 15 10. Charlotte Hope 15 11. Lcuisa Clench 15 12. Eliza Snalco 15 13. Sarah J. Crawford ... 13 14. irbecca Miller 14 15. Martha Jamieson ... 13 1(). jNIargaret J. Burning 12 17. Charlotte Johnson ... 11 18. Catharine Vanevcry 13 19. Lydia Lewis 9 20. Charlotte Hill 14 21. Elizabeth Carryer ... 11 22. Mark Jane Hill 10 23. Sarah Martin 10 24. Margaret T. Martin 11 25. Ellen Wedge 14 2(i. Sarah Splicer — 27. Susannah Martin 9 28. Esther Martin 13 29. Louisa Sero 13 30. Lucy Douglass 14 31. Catharine Hill 9 32. Betsy Hill 10 33. Ellen M. Garlow 9 34. Lucretia Jamieson ... — 35. Mary Jane Butler ... 13 " Those pirls read in the fourth book (now sorios), ]ias;o 144 ; spell in t'arpi'n- ter's Siw'lUnij book; Grammar— defini- tions and parsing ; Himian Pliysiolosjy ; Ancient History ; Linear Drawinir, Iteo- t^raphy— definitions and mtti)8 of the world, including? all the continents, and Dominion of Canada, including tlic coun- ties and towns of Ontario ; Write ; Arithmetic — fractions, decimals, propor- tion, commisnion, hrokcraKO, insurance and btocks ; Church Catechiom. "Those girls read in the third book (new series) review, page 21) : si)ell in ('. S. Assistant; Grammar — ihsHnitions ; Write; Arithmetic, the simjilo mles; lOxrTcises in tlio different tahh's of weiglits and measures ; Church Cate- chism. "These girls road ilie .^nconil book (old series), page (i2 ; Spell aid answer explanatory questions out nt tin satnt^ ; Write; Arithmetic — simple mulliplica- tion; Church Catechism, and multiplita- tion table. " These girls read in the second book (old series), page 9 ; spell and answer explanatory (juestioris out of the same ; cipher in the simple rules ; write on slates, study the Church Catechism, and the multiplication tabic. I I ! » 4 128 GRAND UlVEIl OH TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. Ko, Name. Age. 30. Catliarinc J. Cusiek... 10 <(T)„„^ „^^ii j - i- . , "Read, Rppll, and answer qnestions 3/. ChriHtina John 13 out of the first book (old serioB), page 23. .')8, Susannah John 11 39. Catharine Gibson 9 " ^'«'|f "°^ «P^"« °"* "^ *^« <''"* 1'°°'^' •,.age Id. (Sif^ncd) " Isaac Barefoot, " Teacher." Oil tlic 2n(l Septonil)cr, 1872, tlie Committee wrote to Canon Ndlcs rcpoatinf]f tlioir dcsin^ that tlie printed forms of accoimts relating to the Institution Farm shouhl be used. They also requested him to mark on a map of the farm sent him, the place wliere he recommended a moveable fence to be put up for enclosing the lands subject to floods in the spring ; and the letter proceeded as follows : — "The arranffpments mack' by yon as to Mr. Griffith's salary and the employment and salary of Youdl Carrj'er arc approved by the Com- nnttec, but Ihoy wish those arrnnf^ements to be regarded as provisional only, until the sclieme, which the Committee have under consideration, fir the permanent manaj^oniont of the Institution, sliall have been finally decided upon ; and till then the appointment of a succes^sor to Mr. Bonslaugh mn«t stand over. In the interim the Committee rely upon your carrying on matters at the Institution and farm in the best and most economical manner that you, being on the spot, can arrange to do, and advising them from time to time of all the arrangements you may find it necessary to make. " The Committee liavc liad under their serious consideration the Btate of their finances, \^hich, in consecjuenee of the many additional sources of outlay which have been unavoidably forced upon them, they find inadequate to meet their demands. "Amongiit those additional sources of outlay, I may remind you that the formation of the new mission of Kanyungeh — which has relieved ycu of a very considerable burden of duty — and the proposed appoint- ment of a Superintendent of the Mohawk Institution and Farm — which will also relieve you from much labour and responsibility — figure con- 8picuou<*iy. Ai.d it hasoccurrcd to the Committee that, considering that ^ 1872.] MOilAWK STATIOV. 12i> you will thus be relieved from the bulk of your secular duties on the Reserve, as well an at the Mohawk Institution and Farm— in short, all your secular duties except the PrcHidcney of the Institution Board— and will, except the latter, hare no other duties to discharge than such clerical duties as appertain to the Mohawk Church and Inotitution, it is not unreasonable that they should require of you the sacrifice of some portion of your nnniiul stipend, to be applied towards the eusten- tation of the Kanyungeh Mifsion, the salary of the proposed Superin- tendent, and the other expenditure which the Company, in relieving you from nearly all your arduous duties, have undertaken. " The Company arc not inattentive to the claim to which you have alluded, to be put upon the same footing in case of retirement as if you had continued to be a missionary tiiuler the Society fur the Propaga- tion of the Gospel ; they feel, however, that tlieir first duty is to pro- vide for the ellieiency of the several institulious and missions which have been plaeed in their hands, or which they have created and fos- tered. It would have been a grntifiention to them if their means and duty had enabled them to make a retiring grant as large as you would have received under those circumsta.jces. They propose, however, an arrangement which will, they ho[ie, be highly benelicial to the Indians and accej)tal>le to yourself— viz., that you should retain the par- sonage and glebe (2'JO acres) ho long as your health may enable you to discharge your clerical functions, and that they should continue to allow you £125 per annum, or a moiety of your present salary, and they will be much gratified to find that this arrangement, of which I am desired to give you the earliest possible intimation, meets with your cordial coticurretu-e. " In the case of the Kev. Adam Klliot, it may be desirable I should mention to you that the Committee have, with the sanction of the Bishop of the Diocese, appointed an assistant to him in the person of the Bev. All)erl Anthony ; this n])pointment will entail upon the Company a fixed expenditure of £UX) per annum ; and in aid of this expenditure they have resolved to deduct from Mr. Elliot's present allowance the sum of .t'')0 per annum, in consideration of the relict thus afforded to him, which his growing years and infirmities huve rendered necessa.'V." The letter from the Rev, Jolm Jacobs, referred to in Canon Nclles' letter, reqiic!*t(;(l the assistance of the Company towards the bnihiing of a new church on the mission at Sarnia. Mr, Jacobs had been partly educated at the Institu- tion, and in his application ho statad that the mission was ]30 GRAND RIVBR OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. new, that a few years ago there had been no missionary there, and no place of worship ; but that it was now quite a large and prosperous mission, and they were attempting to build a place of worship. The Company, not having disposable funds, were compelled to decline the application. On the 10th September, 1872, the Committee wrote to the Rev. Alexander Stewart a letter of which the following is an extract : — it " The Committee also desire me to say that as it is their eamert wish to promote by every means in their power the welfare of the Indian races, especially in the all-important matter of education, they will be very glad to bo made acquainted with your views, an you kindly offer, as to any change of system by which, in your opinion, it would be practicable to ' extend the Company's usefulness and lessen its expenses.' " On the 10th September, 1872, the Committee also wrot^ to Mr. Isaac Barefoot, in reply to an application from him, that they would continue for the present their grant of j620 a year to the Six Nations Agricultural Society, adding that the Company would expect to receive a report of the pro- ceedings and K list of the prizes given by the Society. The following letter from William Spragge, Esq., Deputy Superintendent of Indian Affairs, to the Clerk was received on 21st August, 187S n. " I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the IGth ulto., and to enclose herein copies of an extract from minutes of a council of the Six Nation Indians held on the 17th June last, and of a letter of the 24th of the same month from this office, to Superintend- ent Gilkison on the subjects of roads androadwork upon their Reserve, which you will have the the goodness to lay before the General Court of the New England Company for their information." Extract from minutes of the Six Nation Indian Council referred to by Mr. Spragge. "1 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 131 " 17th JuM, 1873. " Were issued, much interest and discussion in regard to the roads, and tlie due performance of the statute labour, the regulations to be enforced. Road Warrants White and « jhe Speaker stated it as the unanimous wish of the coloured men „ -i .i ^ .■ i • i • . i i , ■•> , on the Council, that notice be given by print/'d hawa-bills that Reserve, all white and coloured people on the Ueserre do remove therefrom forthwith, and who shall be forbid to prepare land for fall crop ; the Council being desirous to put a stop to the encroachment of whites and others. " Adjourned until next Friday." Copy of letter from Deputy Superintendent W. Spragge, Esq., to Visiting Superintendent J. T. Gilkison, Esq., for- warded by Mr. Spragge : — " I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 19th instant, and to request that you will inform the Six Nation Chiefs that their proceedings on the occasion of their meeting in Council, on the 11th June instant, appear judicious, and should be carried into effect. "With regard, however, to work on the side roads, you should acquaint the Indians with the fact that the condition of those roads gives occasion to the white settlers in the surrounding township to make continual complaints concerning the indifferent manner in which the Indians attend both to their lands and roads, and induces a growing desire to see them remove their Keaerve. There is, however, no sufficient reason why, provided the Indians would industriously and in person cultivate their farms, their crops should not be as well and successfully managed, and be as abundant aa those of white settlers, and their roads be improved, and maintained in as good condition as those passing through the lands of white people. But to accomplish these ('esirable results, the Indians must work, and must also submit, as do .^he white people, to some of their money, as well as labour, being expended upon roads. And this you should, on the first suitable occasion, strenuously urge upon them." On the 10th September, 1872, the Committe replied to Mr. Spragge, thanking him for his communication, and rcqueflting him to inform them what roadwork had been lately done in K 2 i \ 1 I 182 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RE8BRVE. [1872. I If • i ill the Reserve, and what further improvements in the roads he intended to make. On the 10th September, 1872, the Committee considered the important question of the appointment of a Superintend- ent of the Mohawk Institution, and the duties whieh should devolve upon such Superintendent ; and they determined that he should have the control and be responsible for the management of the Institution, Manual Labour School, and Farm ; and that upon him should devolve the due execution of the directions of the Company, or Special Committee, in relation thereto, and that his salary should be .£125 per annum, for the services of himself and his wife, in addition to the residence of himself and family at the Institution, with rations and fuel. And that six njonths' notice should be given on either side to terminate the engagement ; and that if such notice should proceed from the Company, the expenses of the passage home of himself and his fuinily, not exceeding tlio sura of .£60, should be paid by the Company. At this meeting the Committee appointed Mr. Robert Ashton to be such Superintendent, subject to the terms of an agreement which was shortly afterwards prepared and executed be- tween the Company and himself; in accordance with the above resolutions, Mr. Ashton also entered into a bond with two sureties in the sum of £250 f r the faithful discharge of the duties of his office. His appointment commenced from the 1st October, 1872, and Mr. Ashton and his family sailed from Liverpool on the 17th October for Quebec. The Committee also determined at this meeting that the school teachers at the Institution should be independently recommended to them by the Superintendent and the Board of Missionaries, and be appointed by the Company. On the 12th September, 1872, the Clerk, by direction of the Committee, wrote to Canon Nelles as follows : — " On the 2nd instant T advised you of certain changes in the mana^^e- ment of the Mohawk Institution which were in the contemplation of the New England Company, having for their object to bring the Institution 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 133 to a state of greater efficiency and uflcrulncss to the Indian races on the Kcsorvo. " I hare now to inform you that at a meetinjj of the Special Committee of the Company on Indian Ali'airs, which wuh held on the lOth instunt, the Committee resolved to appoint a Snperintendent of the Institution who should have the coiitrol and be responsible for tlie management of the institution, Manual I^abour School, and Farm, and the due execution of the directions of the Company, or the Special Committee, in relation thereto. "And the Committee prot-eeded to appoint Mr. llobert Ashton, a ^rentleman who will, as they believe, be found very competent to discharge the duties of tiic office, to be such superintendent. " Mr. Ashton. accompanied by his wife and two young children, will, it is expected, leave England for the purpo.se of entering upon the duties of his oilice. on the 15th October next, and the Committee will be obliged by your preparing for his reception against the time when his arrival may be cx|)e»rted, and by your rendering lii"i, on his arrival, every assistance of wliich he may stand in need. '* The views of the Committee are that Mr. Ashton should thus have tlie entire control of the Institution. School, and Fnrm, and that the Board of Missionaries should act a.s visitors, conducting periodical ex- aminations, and reporting to the Committee from time to time upon its state and condition. " The Committee have also passed a resolution that the school teachers shall be independently rccoiniiiended to tlie Company by the Board of Missionaries and by the Superintendent, and ujion such joint recom- mendation shall receive their ai>i)ointnieiit from the Company. " Mr. Ashton, on entering upon his vpry responsible duties in a country entirely new to him, will have a diUlciilt task to perform, and the Committee rely with confidence that he will receive freni their mis- sionaries, and from yourself in particular, the most cordial and active support and co-operation.' II The following letter from the Rev. Canon Nillcs to the Clerk was received on 18th September, 187:2 : — " Brantford, August 30lh, 1872. " With respect to the Manual Labour School, I think I may have been in error in saying that the trades were discontinued to be taught by direction of the Sew England Company. I have no corresimn- dence between the Company and their lay agents, and therefore cannot refer to tliem. 8o far as I understand the matter, the Com- * pi! I J 34 OKAND RIVEH OR TVSCAKORA REBRRVB. [1872, psny at first paid mcchanicn for teachins^ traden to the Indian chil- dren. Afterwards (I think during the lay agency of the lute Mr. liichardson) a change was made hy which the mechanics undertook to teach the boys and receive the proceedn of the work instead of salaries. This continued, so far as I can dincover, with some changes of mechanics, till 1850, when they failed to carry out the arrangement ; since that time no trades have been taught, and I have always been under the impression that the Company was aware that such was the case. In the letters from the Company lately, speaking of a manual labour school, I understood that they alluded to the Mohawk Farm, which, to a certain extent, is a manual labour school, as the boys are there taught different branches of farming, and this, I consider, a very important part of their education, as they have land to work, and when they leave the Institution they usually turn their attention to farming. One of the mechanics employed still lives in the country, > and I will see him as soon as possible, and may probably get some information from him. " In answer to your inquiry respecting the farmer, I beg to inform yon that his name is Robert Park. He had for some time been oc- casionally employed to work on the farm under Mr. Bouslaugh, and when the latter left I engaged him to superintend the farm, which he does under my direction. He is a very exemplary man, and faithful in performing all that is required of him. He has, however, given me notice that he wishes to give up his situation as soon as I can get some one to take his place." On the 9th October, 1872, Sir James Carter presented to the Committee certain rules and regulations, which he had kindly undertaken'at the request of the Committee to draw up, for the management of the Mohawk Institution and Day Schools on the Reserve. These rules and regulations were dis- cussed and settled and approved by the Committee, and were as follows : — "MOHAWK INSTITUTION AND DAY SCHOOLS. GeMBBAL IlCLES. " With reference to the Resolution of the Special Committee, passed at their meeting on May 27th, 1872, which contained a request that the missionaries at the Grand River should meet and form a Board under the presidency of the Rev. Canon NcUes, for the consideration of all matters relating to the Mohawk Institution, the Manual Labour im.] MOHAWK STATION. 135 School, and the Day Hchoola on tho Ileflcrre ; and also to thoir lubiio* <|U(fnt dotorniination to appoint from KoKland a ISuperintoiidetit of tho Mohawk JuMtitiition, tho Manual Labour School, and tho (''arm connected with it, tho Special Committee have made the following General Bules to regulate the action of the Board and Supermtuu* dent. Tub D'uaD or MisaioxABiis. " The Special Coramitlco deitiro that it be understood that the Mo- hawk Institution, with the Farm and Manual Labour School, is placed under the management of the Superintendent, who will receive ord«-rs and instructions from tho Special Committee, through the Clerk of the Company. " The Board are requested t > visit the Institution at least every three months, and lo embody their observations upon the condition of the Institution in a Minute, signed by the members present, and to send the same at once to tho Special Committee, after making a copy of it in a book to be kept for the purpose. Thk Dat Scuools on tiik Kkseuve. " While the individual niissionaries in their several districts have tho chief management of the Day Schools, within their respective districts, they will visit and inspect each school on the lleserve, as a Uoard, at least twice in every year. The Special Committee suggest that in such visitations the attendance of tlie Truslcea of each School Section should bo invited. " Tlie Board of Missionaries is requested to report half-yearly to the Special Committee its observations upon the management and condition of each school. " The Board of Missionaries will examine the children, and send tho result of such examination, with any observations the Board dcsiro to make, signed by tho members present, to the Special Conimittno, who will select those children whose parents desire a nomination to the Mohawk Institution, according to tho result of such cxami- nation.* • In October, 1873, tho Special Conimittoo clctcrminod to modify this Rc||;ulation to the ext«nt wliinh ap|)eurR by tlio following Ki-Holution : " 'J lint Mr. ARhton be autliurixod to aatiiit provisionally auy childreii, to supjjly va*\venience. "James Chancr, " Secretary to the Board." The following is an extract from a letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts which was received October 1st, 1872: — , ! \ 1 \ n p Hi 140 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA KESERVE. [1372. "Catpoa Mission, Onondaga, P.O., Co. Bhant, Ont., Canada, " Sept. Ulh, 1872. " On the 2n(l instant the Board of Miasiouai-ies had a meeting at the Mohawk Institution, and when the minutes of the preceding meeting (held on the loth July) were read, I objected to one portion as not being strictly correct, viz., the words — ' And that those teachers who cannot then pass their examination satisfactorily would be ex- pected to resign their situations as teachers.' " I had taken notes of the proceedings of that meeting, and had come away from it with the impression that the decision of the majority (that is of Canon Nelles, Mr. Elliot, and Mr. Chance) was that those teachers only who had presented themselves for the exami- nation of the 11th July should bo allowed to come to the next. I repeatedly urged the other members of the Board to permit Miss Hill, one of my teachers, to come to it, as she had scut a note apologizing for her absence from the first examination ; and when I found they would not decide either for or against giving such permission, I told tJicm that rather than lose the services of a successful teacher, I would write to the Company in her behalf. I did write to you on the 18th July, and sent a cop_y of my letter to Canon !Nelles, President of the Board. " At our last meeting Canon Nelles read my letter, and it was with much regret I found that Mr. Nelles and Mr. Chance were greatly displeased with mc for having written ifc. My objection to the in- correctness of the minutes of the preceding meeting were overruled. The decision, ns it is recorded by Mr. Cliance in the minutes, was the very decision that I had asked for; and if that decision had been come to at the time of our meeting, I would not have been under the neces- sity of writing to you, and Miss Ilill would probably be ready now to come to our next examination. But now I am likely to lose her ser- vices, as she has given me notice that it is her intention to resign at the end of this quarter. " A few days after T had sent Canon Nelles a copy of my letter to you of the 18th July, I received the enclosed note from Mr. Chance, dated the 22nd July, in which he asserts that it is his duty t'^ notify all the teachers on the reserve with reference to the examination ; and in which he also assumes, or ajjpears to assume, that either Mr. Elliot or I were inclined to interfere with his teachers, and thereupon he threatens to report to the Company ' the anticipated interference ' by U8. This is not the first letter of a threatening character which I have received from him, but I would not now allude to it, had he not [1372. 1872.[ MOHAWK STATION. 141 stated at our last meeting that lie would report me to the Company. In justice, therefore, to myself, I send his letter enclosed, and I bejj to state that I have, in no way, interfered with any of his teachers. I procured some text-books for my own teachers, and ur^ed them to prepare for the examination ; and my friend, Miss Crombie, who teaches at Kanyungeh, having requested me to lend her a book for the same purpose, I did lend her one or two. I would conGdently appeal to the Committee as to whether the loan of those books to my friend (who was unable to purchase them herself) was an interference with Mr. Chance's authority over his teachers. "At our last meeting the following resolution was moved by Mr. Elliot, and seconded by Mr. Chance, and carried, viz., — *Th\t the ISccrctiiry be requested to give notice to the several teachers whenever an examination is to take place,' thus giving Mr. Chance the authority \^ liich he assumed in his note to me of the 22nd July. " 1 objected to that resolution, and requested that my reasons for objecting be entered on the minutes ; but tiiis request was refused. " Now I would respectfully submit, that while the refusal in this particular instance may, perhaps, be considered as having reference to a matter of small importance, yet other matters of greater moment may, at some future time, come up ; and, should the members of the Board not be all of one mind, the minority might, with reason, consider it abso- lutely necessary to have t/ieir views fully embodied in the minutes, with a view to their coming before the New England Company. But if the minority be only one member (which is not unlikely where there are only four of us), there would be no use (for want of a seconder) in his moving an amendment. I would, therefore, most respectfully request the Committee of the New England Company to take this matter under consideration, and I trust tliat they will decide that where there is any confliction of opinions with regard to any question coming before our Board, the minority may, if he consider it necessary, have the right to call upon our Secretary to record his ohjtctions verbatim. " I protested against ^^r. Elliot's resolution, because I thought that each superintendent should notify his own teachers, of examinations, etc. So far as my own teachers are concerned, I could give them notice much more quickly than Mr. Chance i^ould, for I see them fre- quently, as I ride through my mission and visit their schools ; whereas a letter from Mr. Chance might be in one of the distant posl-ofBces for more than a month before the teacher could hear of it. "When /, at our first meeting, proposed that Mr. Chance bo Secretory to our Board, I understood that his duty, ax such, would 143 ORAXD KIVEll OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. I be aimply to take minutes of our proceedings, and correspond with you, *' After writing the foregoing, it is with pleasure I state that our meetings will eventually produce good results, and that each year theitc results will be seen in the improved condition of the ■cb<^K)l8. "Tlie few misunderstandings which we have had, at the beginning of our work together, will, I trust, be soon removed, and greater cordiality be manifested by all. (Signed) " R. J. Roberts." The following is the letter from Rev. James ChaDce to Rev. R. J. Roberts, referred to by the latter : — " KASTrNOBH Pabsonaob, July 22nd, 1872. " As Secretary to the Board, it is properly my duty to notify all the teachers on the Reserve of the decision of the Board with refe- rence to the examination. This would not be interfering with the rights of superintendents, which I am bound to respect, at the same time I shall resist any interference on the part of any superintendent with any of my teachers, and report the same to the Kew England Comp&ny, who strongly disapprove of such practices. " I enclose a copy of notice sent by me to the teachers in my dis- trict. If you have already notified the teachers in your district to the same effect that will suffice. If not, however, I must send them a copy, so as to avoid all the possibility of any misunder- etanding. "James Chakcb." On the 10th September, 1872, the Clerk, by direction of the Committee, wrote to the Rev. James Chance as follows : — " Your letters of the 12th and 16th July and 8th August last have been laid before the Committee. They desire me to call your atten- tion to the letter of the 16th July, which is signed by you as Secre- tary to the Board of Missionaries ; they think, however, that it will be far more satisfactory that in future the reports of the Board should be signed by all the members present at the meeting and concurring in them. In the case of a disagreement, any member of the Board would be at liberty to make a separate report, or to add a memor- andum at foot, giving his personal reasons for not concurring in the opinion of others. 1;^ 1872.J MOHAWK STATION. 143 " The Committee v\nh to be furnished with the riames of the school teachers who attended the examination referred to in the Report of the 16th Julj, and they think it very desirable that the Board should by further examinations, or other meaas, ascertain the efficiency, or otherwise, of each scliool teacher, and report thereon, especially men* tionin^ what knowledge the teacher may have of the Indian languages ; Such a report will ennble the Committee to decide as to the dismissal of any teacher reported to be incompetent. " The Committee arc compelled to acquiesce in the opinion of the Board that at present it woi^Jd be nnadvisable to require any payment of weekly pence by the children taught at the day schools, but they hope the time is not far distant when this vholesome practice may be introduced. " The Committee wish the Indian boy, John Nahwakezhik, to be admitted into the Mohawk Institution, when a racancy may occur in the establishment, upon his passing the requisite examination as men* tiotied in the postscript. " The present state of the Company's funds will not permit the Committee to undertake the expense of sending James Fowless and three other Indian pupils to the Normal School at Toronto, but the Committee are of opinion that ths Mohawk Institution can, and ought to be so improved that the education given there may be quite suffi- cient to qualify an intelligent pupil to become a school teacher. The Committee hope that, with the valuable assistance of the Board of Missionaries, they may in a very short time be able to bring the Institution to such a state of efficiency. " I enclose printed nopies of a letter and two enclosures received from Mr. Superintendent Spragge. The Committee will be glad to be informed what road-work has been recently done in the Reserve, and what further improremcnts you would suggest as necessary. "■ P.S— As to the admission of John Nahwakezhik to the Mohawk Institution, pray bear in mind that the Committee are not to be under- stood that he should be placed there, unless, upon his examination, ho should pass so creditably as to be entitled to enter as a meritorious candidate." m The following reply from the Rev. James Chauce was received October 22nd, 1872 :— " KABYvnasn Pabsovaoe, Nbwpobt, P. O., Bbant., October 4th, 1872. " Your letter of the loth ultimo was duly received, and in reply I beg respectfully to say, — 1 i ■ 1 i 1 r ' ■ 1 t Mi I I 141, GRAND UIVEK OH TUSCARORA RE8KRVR. [1872. "Ist. That I fxceedingly rpgret that the Committee 8hon](l hare thought it necessary to call my special attention to the fact, that my letter of July KUh was only signed by me as Secretary to the Board, and to inform me that ' in future it vill he far more sati»factory' that the IJeporta of the Board should be signed by all the nienibera, etc. When, at the Grst meeting of the Board of Missionaries authorized by the Committee of the !N'cw England Company, I was unanimously elected by the members as their Secretary, and when I consented to act in that capacity, I took it for granted that I should be tn ated by the Board and by the Coiumitlec with all due consideration, confi- dence, and respect. " A book was specially provided for my use by the President, in which are entered the minutes of proceedings, and cojtics of letters to the Company, written by the Secretary under the authority of the Board, and groiuided on the minutes. I do not know what the other members of the Board will think resperting the strictures of the Com- mittee on the proceedings of their Secretary, but he would respect- fully inform the Committee that he fvtis jiretly much as the Clerk of the Company would feel if the missionaries, collectively or individu- ally, should state that it would bo far move satisfactory if the corre- spondence under his signature could in future be signed by all the members of the Committee. " 2nd. The names of the teachers who attended the examination referred to are — Mr. Moses Martin, Mr. John Cusick, Mr. C. Jack- son, Mr. George Martin, ^liss Diamond, and Miss Carpenter. "3rd. I heartily join in the hope expressed with reference to a weekly payment. ICducation has undoubtedly hitherto been made too cheap among the Indians, the majority of whom can afford to pay sonu'thing for it. I was recently informed by the distinguished prin- cipal of an important grammar school, that the system lately adopted in the Province was operating against regular attendance in the Rchrwls. When every one was compelled to pay a certain sum directly for the education of their children, it seemed a fi.\ed resolution with the parents that their children must have the v.orth of the money paid, but now the children were frequently kept from school for the most imimportant purposes. The Indians have not only been exempt from payment directly and indirectly, but in many cases premiums have been given for the attendance of the children. The teachers of Kany- ungeh school have obtained considerable pojjularity by thin practice, and the means have been procured by appeals for the c'cerciBe of Christian benevolence on the part of persons outside of the Indian Reserve ; but as this practice is totally opposed to the policy which is 1872.] ■ MOHAWK STATION. 145 properly considered ossontial for the ultimnte good of the InJiann. it must bo henceforth diHcouraKod. A Hlinrt time •■itiee, one of the parents in the noi<;hbourliood remarked tiiat Mi-i? rrombie was a good teaclier, for slie had ^iven him a pair of ' pantn.' In earrvin^ out tliat poHcy which will be produotivo of poriuiiiieiit yodd, I slifudti render myself very unpopular, and subject myself to llie ill-will of tho Indians, and I could not venture to adopt, it without the Hanction of the Committee, and the promise of their support and confidenee. A» the suj)po8ed instrument in efrectin<; the chanjjcs which arc now taking; place at the Mohawk Institution and on the Keserve, I have already experienced much unpleasantness from several qu;irter». "4th. The Indian boy alluded to has a ready passed the necensary examination for admission into the .Mohawk Institution. " 5th. — Whilst lamenting the jjresent state of the Company's funds, I quite concur in the opinion of the Committee that the Mohawk Institution mi^ht be made so efficient, as to duly train and fully qualify tho most promising pupils for teachers in the day schoolfl on the Keserve, and I shall be happy to render any aid within my power towards the accomplishment of that object. " 6. Many thanks for the printed copies of letters from the Indian Department ; for the information of the Committee I would state, that three or four days were occupied last spriei)» in working on the roads, which labour, however, was chiefly confined to tho conccision roads, leaving the side lines in a deplorable and almost impassable state. The red line, and that from Tuscarora to Hartford in my district, are in a condition which reflects disgrace upon the Six Nation Indians, and no wonder that the w liitc people who have the misfortune to travel over them from business necessity complain bitterly. It is a false economy on the part of the Indian Council to bind up their money, and leave the roads in a 8tal3 which endangers limbs, life, and property. They ought to be compelled, as white people arc, to keep their roads in a better condition. " I would add that the Teachers' Reports liave not all yet been received, and I have not time at present to examine carefully those which have been sent in, but owing to the summer vacation, and tho constant demand upon the children by their parents to aid in gathering fruits and harvesting the crops, the attendance at school has been very unsatisfactory. "In reference to the late examination, I would remark that only three of the teachers on the IJcserve jjresented themselves — two from this district and one from Mr. Elliot's, namely : — .Miss Crombie, Mis» Mary Diamond, and Mr. John Cusick. In udililion to these, time ! 13 nc GRAND RIVER OR TISCARORA RI SKRVE. [1872. applicnntfl for schools nttcndod the oxaminatiou — Miss Carpenter, Miss Maggie Diamond, and Mr. Nellcs Monture. All the teachers under the superintendence of the Rev. R. J. Itobcrta resigned rather than face the examination, and two under my superintendence also resigned, ])artly for the same reason. Mr. Moses Martin was only taken at iirsi on trial, and he failed to give satisfaction ; and his wife's dangerous illness for some time past has seriously interfered with his school duties. The reason, however, assigned for his resignation was the insuflicienfe stipend, and that he could belter provide for his family by following his usual occupation at home ; but this rendered a formal dismissal for incompetency unnecessary. Mr. George Martin said he knew he could not pass the examination satisfactorily, and preferred to resign his situation. "As to the result of the examination. Miss Carpenter came out first in most, if not in all the subjects, ^Ir. Cusick second. Mr. Nelles Monture third. Miss Maggie Diamond fourth, Miss Mary Diamond fifth, and ]\Iiss Crombie last ; and, in consequence, it was suggested to me by the llev. Canon Nelles and the llev. H. J. ItolxTts that Miss Crombio should resign her school in favour of Miss Carpenter, and remove to the lower part of the Reserve, and I cousented to this ; but Miss Crombie objected to the school ofl!ercd to her, and asked me for that near the Council-house, promising to make a great effort to pass a more satisfactory examination at tlic end of the year, and on this con- dition I complied with her wish. It was also suggested that Miss Mary Diamond should retain her school, and that James Powless should be appointed to school No. 3, in place of Moses Martin, but both subject to another examination at the end of the quarter. I thought it proper to give this information, which concerns my own district, but the Committee will, I suppose, receive an olficial report from the Board, which will meet on Monday next. "James Chance." Tlic followiii}? letter from the Rev. James Chance was also received October 22n(l, 1 872 : — "TuK Tausoxagk, Kanicnoeh, Newport, T. O. Brant, " Oc/ober Sth, 1872. " T am requested by the Board of Missionaries to communicate to you, for the information of the New England Company, the following particulars relative to the proceedings of the Meeting of the Board, which took place yesterday. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and found to be correct. The Rev. Canon Nelles then u 1R72.] MOHAWK STATION'. \{7 con- Miss owless but . I own report introduced the Hcv. Allx-rt Antlioriy as one of the Comimny's niis-ion- nries. wlio nccoruinuiy took hin seat as a nieiiihor of tlie Hcnird. Tlie prin('i))al ohjcet of the* ineetinjj wa.s to consider the result of tlie lute txuniination, which I am rei|ue!'ted to mention, and which id as follows : — " Miss Cakpkxtrb .... G575. "Mb. Mo.ntiuk u(!o5. " -Mb. fi>ir K 47 HS. ".Miss DuMosn .... 4o:}(». "Mi^s Cbombik 3 (he JioarJ." The Committee aUo reecivrd from tlio Rev. James Cliaiiee, as Secretary to tin; IJoard of Missionaries, another letter of the Gth November, 1872, as follow.s: — "I am requested by the Board to su;,'j,'est the advisabili'y of niaki'i;; some alterations in some of the General liules lately received 'to res^ulate the action of tlie Board and Superintendent.' The third section, under the lieadin^ of 'The Day Schools on the Kcserve,' seems to conflict with section 3 of • In.-trucl ions to the Superintendent.' In the former, the final tieleclion of candidates for the Institution seems to rest with the Special Committee of the Company. In the latter, it * It appears Mi»t Di^iinond'^ niKter, mentioned before by me, did not atiend the examination with a view of haring a sclioel on the RrgerTC.— .T. f. ill 148 GRAND RIVKR OR TUHCARORA RFHKHVE. 11872. would poom that the Siipf-rintrndcrit in inittriiHril to roceive into the Iimtitutioii tho?e candidaioH «ho have olMaini'd a (•rrtificnto of fitnt'M for admission from tl»e Board of MiMJonarieH. It is rospi'ct fully Hii^'^'i>.<4ted that tliin latter metliod Im the mrmt iirncticnblonnd ndvisahle, tlio former would nccesHitatc very eormiderBble delay, and the final Beleetion of candidates by the ,S|)ceial Committee would apparently be, the Ramo as that of the Board. " In reference to the latter part of section H, the Board would re- spectfully state, that if by 'other Indian children' is meant children at a distance, say Munsey Town, or St. Kc^is, or otlicr distant jdaces, then the rule would be very inconvenient to parents, if not impractic- able, owing to the expense it wouhi necessarily incur. Ap]dicatiohS are sometimes received from IridinnM lirir»K several hundred miles distant, and under the present re(;u!iition the children would have to come all that distance to the Mohawk luMtitution for examination, and then return to their respective homes to wait for the final decision of the Special Committee, and, if favourable, tli'" return to the Institution, which would necessitate very considerable Mf of removing from your u\\m\ tin; feeling of juTHonal annojuiice wliicli tlio intiniati(< I of tlicir wihIi a|>|ii'arii to liavc created, and, as tli'y cannot but tliink, w ithont due orcaHion. *'Tlie Committee olmerve lliat llie Hev. Aliiert Anlliony wan introdneeil to the Hoard Ity Canon Neileit on llie 7tli October, and took lii« neat an a member, the Canoti had no authority for thi» proceeding, which hfiN not been ttanetioru'd l»y tho Committee. Tiiey have nominated un mcmberH of that Hoard tlieir four eKtablishcd misHionarics, the Kevii. Canoa NeUes, Adam KItiot, K. J. Koberto, and youriieif, and they do not dcMtro fur th(! present to iiwreaHc iho number of the mendterM by the addition of the Jlev. Albert Aiitliony, without intendint^ of eoiir^e «ny Hhght to that ^enthMnun, whom they may appoint hereafter, when they have had better knowled^e of him. * * * 1(! * * *' With reference to the cxaminationB of Bchool teaeherH by the Hoard of MiHHionarieN, the Committee HUg^'eHt that the Hoard nhould ijive notice to tlie SiiprrintcntliHtit, as well as to the teachers, of the lime and fdnce appointerl i'ltr the extitninationH. " In the ' tjieneral RuIch 'drawn up for tlie regulation "fthe Mohawk JnHlitution and the I>ay Hchools, the Connnittee do not recognize the incdiiHisterM'y which yon j)oint out. The ndes were ado|)ted after l<»n({ and careful consideration, and the Committee think it ri^ht toadln r«' to them, ut leOHt untd they liavo had an opportunity of observing their practical working. "The rennlt of the examinati(m of candidates for admisHion into the Mohawk Institution will be Hcnt to the Committee, who, hnving the opinirm of the Hoard before them, will select the chddreu to be admitted. " Tiie Committee alno rcnorvc to thomHclves, as a matter of coume, the power of admitting to the Iimtitulion, under special circumMtanccc* children from other Htation**, either with or without previoiig exaniina- tion by the Hoard of Mii^Hionaricn ; which exaniiiiulion, however, the Committee would n'>t lie diMpr>Heil to dispense with, except in cascH in which they may have had saliBfactory evidciicf, from other HoiirecH, of the qualiflcalionH of the candidates recommended to them fur adnnHMiou," In a letter from tlie llev. Canon Nellcsof the 12tli October, reecived October UOtli, \H7'l, lie expresses liis aecjuieKieiice in the arrungetnent propoHcd hy the Coiuniittec with respect to h 150 OKAND RIVKR OH TtSCAIlORA RESRKVE. 1872.] I •(I '|!; t I ; the Mohawk Institution and Farm, and promises gladly to co- operate in atiy way it niij^ht be thought best to carry out the wishes of tlu; Con>[)any, but expressed his regret that he couhl not give his " cordial eoncnrrenee " with respect to the amount of salary that the Committee proposed giving to him. In con- sideration of being relieved of much labonr and responsi- bility, he stated he had no objection to relinquish part of his income. He also returned the map of that part of the Institution Farm which is subject to being flooded in the spring, with the position for a moveable fence nnirked thereon. The following letter from the Rev. Alexander Stewart, was received on the }2Gth November, 1872 : — ir' il' ii ', " Onondaga, November 4th, 1872. " In reply to your questions, I be<,' to return the follow inj; answers : — The Bajttistfl luive laboured more or less during the past thirty-sLx years ainoi:j:;Ht the Six Nation Indiana, and have amongst them one hundred and ei^iity communicants, and according to the last census (sic) ndliercnts. " With reBpeet to the educational system amongst the Indians, I would suggest the following changes and improvements : — "1. That the school-houses be improved. Through your influence the Indians themselves might be induced to do this, they also bearing the expense. " 2. That the teachers of the common schools be required to hold certificates of qualification, like tiiose held by teachers of all other coujmon schools througliout the province. " 3. That dwelling-houses for the teachers be erected near the schools, iu order that the social iulluence of the teachers may be a source of benefit to the Indians. •'4. That the Mohnwk Institution be dispensed with, inasniucli as the standard of education there is no higher than it should be in the common schools. " 5. 'i'hat a high-school be established in a central position on the Bi'serve, and that tlio head master of this school be qualified equally with head masters of high-schools in the province. Tliia school would do away with the necessity of grants to individuals to maintain them at colleges, since they could at it obtain all the education they desire, ex- 872.] his 1872.] MOHAWK STATION', 151 ccpt in the cnso of the very few wlio ini^ht wish to enter any of Iho learned professions. " Thut there be one atlivo Buperinlendent, whose aim it shall he to conform the edticutionnl system amongst the Iiulians to the chaructcr of the very exfellunt ediicntional system which e.\ists throughout the rest of Ontario. " Thus you will perceive thut, with less expense, more >;ood can ho accomplished than is now bein>{ done. Humbly sulimittiu^ llicso slate- mentd for your earnest consideration and hopinj; for the rapid advance- ment of the Indian race. " Alex. Stewaut. " George and Levi Bumberry are sons of brothers." The Clerk, by direction of the Committee, replied to tiiis letter on the 10th December, 1872, as follows : — " I am desired by the Committee of the New Entjlnnd Company to thank you for your letter of the 4th ult., and the valuable su},'^e.stio^s contained in it. "The Committee have been for a considerable time, and are still engaged in earnest endeavours to carry out the improvem<.nl8 su^^gestcd by you in the day schools on the Grand River Iti-st rve, and in the Mo- hawk Institution, and they are ghid to find that your experience leads you to confirm their views. They observe, however, that you recommend the removal of the Institution to a more central site ; in tiiis, you w'll not fail to sec there are very grave difficulties, and unless you are able to furnish them with very urgent reasons for taking this step other than the Committee are at present awnre of, they do not see any suHi- eient reason /or encountering the great expense and the other inconve- niences which would attend the removal of it." Mr. Robert Ashton arrived at the Institution on the 30th October, 1872. And on the 15th November the Institution was visited by Mr. Ulomlicid, who hud been requested to view the lands on the Indian lleserve and report thereon. Mr. Blomfield, in his letter of 28th November, thus refers to Mr. Ashton, — " In accordance with a request contained in your letter of the 17th October, I took the first opportunity of paying a visit to the Indian Eeserve near Brant ford. "As I did not know how to reach the places referred to in your letter, I I 'It im^ In \\' 152 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. wrote to the llev. 1?. J. "Roberts, requesting him to meet me at Brant- ford. He met nie on tlie 15th inst., and wo walked over to the Mohawk Institution, where we were eordially welcomed by Mr. and Mrs. Ashton. We found them in (jood spirits, but in rather an uncomfortable state, with very little furniture in tl'.eir rooms, and this they said belonged to the former superintendent, whose name I forget at the present mo- ment. I took the liberty of recommending his obtaining necessary furniture at once, but ho said that he would wait for a reply from the Company, and on my return I found he had only ventured on the ptir- elinseof a few ehairs. Mr. Ashton (ieemed determined to introduce discipline in the Institution, whit-h had hitherto been neglected. Ho complained of the extremely fiithy habits of the boys, which had evi- dently been unchecked, if not fostered. This, by the way, was entirely corroborated by Mr. Martland, whom I saw for a few minutes in Toronto. Poor Mrs. Ashton was bewailing the loss of her little girl's hair, necessitated from having been too near one of the iudian children ; a shocking condition of things for any school. As to the food, Mr. Ashton says there was no lack of meat, but it was cooked to shreds, and allowed to get lukc warm by dinner-time, and even 'no young In- dians would not eat it. Matters of this kind, however, will doubtless Boiin be put straight by Mr. Ashton, who also expressed an inten- tention to work the farm properly m the interest of the Company. The farm is a very valuable one, which should not only supply all vegetables required for the Institution, but should bring in no inconsiderable net revenue. At the time I visited it, Mr. Nelles' horses (some two dozen) Mei8 still in undisturbed possession of its fine pastures. I cannot say much about education at present, but Mr. Ashton does not seem to 1. .ve a very high opinion of the two masters- "On my return to 13ra?itford on Monday, the 18th instant, I called again on Mr. and Mrs. Ashton. I gave Mr. Ashton some advice as to the more economical arrangement of stove-pipes for heating rooms, and advised his utilizing a capital funi'iee chamber which was erected some time ago, but never used. I saw Barefoot, the Indian master, who was not there last February. The old regime, I believe, is more congenial to his taste than the z\q\\, and I inuigine from his manner that Mr. Ashton may expect a good deal of trouble with him. *• Mr. Ashton will probably have to go through a probationary period of plotting, as I understand his predecessors have Jone, but with, I trust, more successi'ul results." On the 20th Novcmhcr, 1872, Mr. Ashton made his first report to the Company, which was as follows: — m r i MOHAWK INSTITUTION NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, ( iirtir Bnuii/i'rri ' CANADA. FIRST FLOOR CNTRAftOt 1; '' BO Y« SCHOOL ROOM CLOTHS^ aoHOOL «Ti>i»» 'i MAaiER _-.'a:'-_. I'ASSHr.K r,' C 1 RL8 SCH OOL ROOM v;i , ti o BOARD ;c Room V.--! ,'. iaiiutt;j2 irVtRANOAH I,; ,rrl ROOM :ufnu»nii ., ^ ROOM ROOM SUPIRINTCNDCNTS ROOM FRONT VERANDAN BASEMENT J frifjht IC i\rt r — 'boys' ^ L»V«TORM CELLAR S( 'JLLERr \l -, Biivs »N1H«NCC C' I N I N C ROOM s .V) n If ti IJ J , . Ill V , -; . I .1 II , ij !/iiI)ifiiui<'rn;s till iiiifii'thffi/rtiiii Ou! Iu.\l rlimr.Otii-l lliii hiijli ,l)i(i.1f <■/' thv fii'Y.i lii'iiii/ iti llirriiifjtitfhun ol' thf /iiiiJIWI ' a wooden verandali six feet wide right across the front and level with the lirst floor. On passing the gate, however, from tlie general appearence of neglect and untidiness, I began to hink the whole place deserted. "Tlie building ia about 250 yards from the road, and is ap- proadied by crossing a field for about 2tiO yards, when a fenc(! and gate separates the school lot from the farm grounds, ^o proper road or i)ath has ever been made to the front entrance. The first KKJ yards is a tolerable road (fur Canada) ; the next a rough grass ])lot ; and the remaining fifty yards, being inside the second fence, is used as a play-ground by the girls, and drying-ground for linen, but is little else than a wilderness of sand and rubbish — the former being over one's ankles. A flight of ten wide wooden steps lead to the verandah, across which ia the entrance to the building. The said entrance, b}' the way, is two feet out of the centre. " In order to make my Report more clearly understood, I have mado and enclosed a plan of the interior of the building, on reference to which you will observe that the front and older portion is occupied by the girls, with the exception of one large room on the basement floor used as a sitting-room by the boys. " The arrangement and condition of the building is anything but good. The older portion haa, in fact, never been finished — tiiere not being a single sash-line to any of the windows, and consequently, they cai.not be opened at the top ; and at the bottom, if opened at all, must be propped up with whatever may happen to be at hand — the result is very bad ventilation ; in fu"t, I may say none at all — this being particularly aii])arent in the girls' school-room. All the doors were b.idly made and have l>een shamefully used and cut about » many are without handles and locks. In some cases the locks have been replaced \\\i\i stroii'i; iron latches, fit only for stable doors. The floors are generally very much worn and rough. Some were originally oiled, but now look very untidy tor want of fresh oil. Tho walls have been rec ently whitewashed, but where the plaster haa been biDken it has received the roughest of patches. Common nails ap- pear to have been driven into walls, doors, and easements for mere 154 ouand luvEii on tuscarora reserve. [1872. I « divcr»ion. In the superintendent's bedroom, 9 feet by 10 feet 10, I counted no less tlian thirty-four, some of which are driven ri^ht; tlirou^h the panels of the door. Althoufjh most of the windows have blinds, thoro is only one that will roll up ; the others are nailed to the top of the windows, and are tied up halfway with a piofc of string. " The aecommodntion for theoflicers ofthc Institution is very limited. You will see from the plan that the superintendent's apartments ronHist of one sittini^-room nnd two small bedrooms at the back of the building. Mr. Barefoot has one room under the boys' dor- mitory ; and I have marked one room in the girls' dormitory ' Sclioolmiatrcss ; but this is far too small for Mr. and Mrs. Griffith, who are now occiij)} iiig the room marked • Uoard-room.' This room shoidd be set apart for the triple ])urj)08e of a meeting-room for the IJoard. reception-room for visitors to the Institution, and parents vihiling their children ; the latter at present concider any room free to them — mine included. It might also serve the ])urpo8e of an office for myself. "It has been the custom here for all the officers — superintendent included — to take their meals together in the kitchen, where all kmds 'A work were going on at tlie san\c time. I certainly prefer taking my meals with my family alone, but hare for ihe present fallen in with the custom of having a common table for convenience' sake, but it is now laid in the girls' work-room instead of the kitchen, that being the only available room. "The only means of ingress and egress for the girls is through the front door, conseciucntly no part of the house is free from their incursions ; and strangers visiting the Institution must be at once iitruck with the apparent want of order and discipline ; as should they arrive during hours of recreation, they will find themselves at once surrounded, and their progress barred, by groups of girls whoHC curio.nity overruns all sense of politeness. Js' either is there any room into which such visitors may be shown. As already stated, the room marked ' Board-room ' is furnished, and occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Grillilh. " Furniture. — I enclose a correct statement of such house furniture and efl'ects as I am informed belong to the Company. A glance at the totals will show how utterly inadequate they are to the requirements. Of the 8'J iron bedsteads, lO are broken, and at present unfit for use. I may here remark that they are of cast-iron, and made to fold up, most of them are too large, and consequently crowd the dormitories. They arc easily broken in moving them to clean the rooms. There are I 1872.] MOHAWK STATION. 1 * •* only 75 bc wafr work ; Jiowever, I have adopted the earth-closet system as far as present circumstances will allow. " There are at i)resent 41 b^^ys and 32 girls; two of the latter are absent with leave just now. " I am unable to send you an individual account of any of them now, but will do so when I have time to consider and report on the slate of their education. " Several of the boj's miglit be called young men — four or five are steady 3'oung fellows and aU ays willing to go to work with the horses ; these generally find their own clothes, and are therefore of little actual cost to the Company — the value of their work being equal to if not greater than the cost of their foo'o one has attempted to muinlam disci- pline amongst them. In whatever room they may happen to be, they spit and blow their noses over the floor — no one here took any notice of it, but since I have pointed out to them how disgusting it was, they are leaving it off ; some of them have even written up in the school-room and sitting-room, ' J»o spitting.' " The girls are more industrious and are constantly employed at house or needle work. " On my arrival many of the children were without shoes and socks — the girls from choice — and the boys because they had none to wear. Some of them find all or portions of their own clothing, the remainder arc clothed here, but no rule exists as to how long garments ought to wear. Some girls have had as many as .seven dresses this year ; some of the dresses were certainlj' common prints, but two should have worn longer than that. The girls have very neat and good linsey dresses \ w 158 ORAM) KIVKIl OR TUhCARORA RKSKRVE. [1R72, i ...' !l! for best wear, and more arc lieinj; mn<1(! for ovcry day. Tlio I*oy« mostly drcHB at tlie t'onii>ariy')j i'\])i'u;iiin(*t tlicir will ; it ban bt-en the praetire to eoax a boy to do any little thin.; required of liim. They have a natural din- like to work of all kindi*, and ajipear to look on thix Hchool aH a boiird- inj; liouse where (In-y are at lil>erty to do an they please, and to jjo out or no homo whenever they like. .Mr. NelleM evidently eoneurH in their opinion respeetiri^ work ; for even after I hud had a eonverxation with him about it, and told him thui it waM tli<' winh of the Company that every boy should do bin chare of manual labour, hematt is gathered in or nearly so, there will be no further neccnsity fc keeping any of you from school to work in the fii-Ids ; and an the ol»jeet of your coming here is that you may be educated,' etc. etc, — ' but now at harvest time, when there is a press of work, it is right that you should render what assistance you can, else the crops would spoil on the ground.' "I considered this too pointrd, and in replying told the boys what I considered was expected of them. "The next morning I sounded .Mr. Harefoot on this subject, and lie quite agreed with Mr. Nelles, and said that tlie prevailing idea among the boys' parents was that the children came here to be educated only, and not to work unless they liked. Ho added that most of the boys would on leaving here follow farming, but that the manner of working this furm was so slovenly, they could harn how to farm better at home. Still,he thought, the(//V/« ought to be madetowork. Ileevidcntly reasons as an Indian, after all, — the woman may work while the man takes his ease. At present, the boys do nothing but jihiy marbles from <).:{() to 'J A.M. I, liowever, anticipate very lidle dilliculfy in getting them to work heartily. I have commenced by drdiing them ; this they like amsizingly and take the greatest possible pains to do it well. I am also teaching them to sing, " I have not been able to submit a dietary for your approval, as it will be necessary for me to gain more information as to what I can get for them, and also to have greater eonvenicnce for cooking. " The staff of officers and servants is as follows : — " Mr. Griffith, schoolmaster. " Mrs. Griffith, acting assistant matron and nccdlc-wonian. «72. I«72.1 MOIIWVK STATION. l.VJ )oys " Mr. Unrcfoot, »«)iooIrriiiKt(T. " Mr. I'lirk, Citrtti man. " Kilflicn mnid. " Diiiry iiiiiiil. " Mr«. .MoiH-y, lniitnlry woninn nniant, oh I (letecli'd licr in convcyinK n jiicce of meat from the Instilu'.on thiit un« ({ivcn to her to pnt in tin- ttonp. I shall try to do Wi hout tilling lip till' vncfinr-y. " Mr, (Jridlth in in my opinion n most fnitlifnl and hard-working por- rant of the (^>nlpany, htit i,4 ^,'c'ttin^,' too old for Imh pn-sont poHt. Uo in very kind to the children, and ntid(>rNtan trcatnienl of all their niinorailmentM, and no douht often navcH the exju'riHo of a doctor, JIo lian little control over the i)oyB out of school. He devotes hin whol« time to the liiHtitntion, and Im very handy about tho place. " MrH. (iriflith in now acting an awHiHtant matron and work-room woman. The laxt aMHifitant matron left aliout a month Hinec, •• Mr. Darefoot, the girln' teacher, in a married man ; hut hid wifo in ni prenenl rettiding with her frieiuN. »Sho waa recently a pupil here, lie tellH me he hnx hcen led hy Mr. ^I'ellcH to consider hiHa))))oiiitmei.t an only temporary, in eon.xefpieceo of ])ropoaed changes, and that ho has no regular engagement, hut considcri* himself at liberty to leave at tho end of any quarter without previous notice, lie has been trying for another appointment. On inquiring what he considi^red Ihh duticn liere, he Raid that he had only to instruct the girls in school from 'J to 12 A.M., and from l.HO to 4 v M., from Moiiday to Friday, and that anything else he might rcter, ho would expect an advance of salary oj ual t( the emolument he relinquishes. He also wishes to have a pri Mile ) esidence provided for him ; but in my opinion every odicer shoui 1 r^-side on the spot, and do all in his power to inittruct the pupils in habits of cleanliness and industry. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I no m 122 1.8 1-25 1.4 1 1.6 .« 6" ► V /2 :^5 %'i^ -y Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 S: ^ v \\ M. [v O^ 'v- »\^ «t <^ ^ ^, ^ if ; 5:1 m ■ i ■ i 160 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCAROBA RESERVE. [1872. " Mr. Park looks after the horses and stoek, and attends to cultiva- ting the laud. lie is a vcr}' superior man ; is most attentive and hard- workinti^. (Did rl'l'nyiimi /Ui.-ri,iiii,,n>i,iMi,;'l Si,lwii.-,iii(ii fiwiwrj ,v//c I'l' .■^i-Ju'i-l ll,n.-i X i:. Hiuli}i.\ irijiiiiij III I'ltici.', iiiiirkeJ N.i.s v UlUuU nut llU III/ .„ ^_ KoiiiU iMl ml hut iittiitiiy <«M«///-,i/,/t "f,,"^^ GCALI-: \ r\ .\ -JTrrj.J-.^ -.,». .V.«* rA-^'ji Ononc- ..^ Villa ceT^,, \ \ ::MiDDLEPnnT "TUSCARORA •VAciV ■iifhrii/. iJiiil, r ,li,ii;ii ,./' /i'/liiwiiiif Mi.sMKimiiii .y. R.'V'A .\j,|}.o„y.Vs.str^" /•'"""■' Kfv'',l.('li.in.r \"-':\:',:iiii,l ,H It'.'V." K ,1 K'(.l„.|-I.s haii.l !i\ ■^//.'j . j * j I< 4 1 rn i 1 (1 I ; i 1 1 * ! ; '( ^4 1871.] TUSCAROllA STATION. 167 " Both tlicse Indian youths wo consider suitable for tho situation of fichoohnasters, aliko for tlieir acquirements, acquaintance with tho Indian dialects, aud tlieir exemplary conduct. " A school section in tho district in the vicinity of the school whcro Mrs. Powlcss was teacher has long existed, though its limits have not been precisely defined. It is situated chiefly along tho banks of tho river on each side near tlie Tuscarora church and school-house, and does not interfere with any other school section. Mr. Nelles and I have always thought it best not to have trustees appointed for our Indian schools, as in our ophiion, under present circumstances, the business of the schools is likely to be more amicably and satisfactorily managed by the missionaries, with the assistance of their interpreters and the cliicfs resident in the respective sections, than in any other v. nuor. If, however, after knowing our opinion, you should still particui rly desire trustees to bo ap])ointed, I shall bo happy to procecl iu ac- cordance with your directions. " I avail myself of tliis opportunity to state wluit I may have already intim^trl in some of my former letters to you, that I am much in favour of clever Indian children of both sexes being sent to superior schools for instruction and improvement. At tho same time, however, I beg to say that in my judgment, great care should be observed in their selection, for I am persuaded that only some Indian children would be really benefited by superior education ; but it is very desirable that the means of a good, common English education should be afforded, as much as practicable, in Jl parts of our Indian Reserve." it B •til in \M i The Committee on the 9th of March, 1871, wrote to Mr. Elliot on the subject of School Trustees. The following letter from him dated 26th April, 1871, was received on the 18th May : — " In accordance with the desire of the Committee of the New England Company on Indian affairs, school trustees have been chosen for Messrs. I. Joseph's and G. Powless's schools at public meetings of the parents and neighbours of the children who attend them in each of tho .sections, and I purpose, as soon as possible, to appoint trustees for Mrs. Beaver's and Daniel Simon's schools elected in the .same way. I sin- cerely hope that tliis may be beneficial and satisfactory. In conformity with youi" wish I have marked by dotted lines on the i.iiap of the Indian ! 3 a \i' , ) - ' I ■ 1 i1lh '■ ii 168 GB HN'D RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871 Reserve what mtiy be considered the limits of the school sections in my part of the mission. This shows at once the several sections and parts adjacent, and that tliere is no interference witli any other schools on the Reserve. " You will see on the map that I have marked with lead pencil what lias been proposed as an additional school section, situated between and contiguous to sections No. 4 and No. (1, in which the ' Long House ' stands where the pagan ceremonies are still perionned, and a white dog annually burnt, as a sacrifice, by the Onondagas. The Indians resident in this section are Cliristians anc( pagans intermixed, and have jointly requested me to endeavour to have a school opened in it for tlie in- struction of their children. One of them a pagan, but favourable to Christianity, named John Buck, is head chief of the Onondagas. " With the permission of the New England Company I would gladly employ a strndy young Indian, who understands the ditt'erent dialects, to make a commencement as teacher, and tiy what can be done for the poor childi'eu'of the Onondagas, wlio still hold fast to heathenism, but are becoming somewhat civilized by their intercourse with Christians. I liave always been on the most friendly tenns with them. *' As Mrs. Beaver's school is now rather better attended than for- merly, I would not recommend it to be closed at present. I will pay particuiar attention to its operation, and before long report my opinion respecting it to you. I have lately seen Sarah Jamieson, and both she and her parents seem grateful for the grant of ^'10 in aid of her edu- cation. Hiir ability for learning does not appear to be great, but it is to be hoped that slie will make up for what may be delicient, by close attention to her studios. " Adam Elliot. " I have rccpived a very encouraging communication of the 12th in- stant from the Clerk of tlie Company, for which I beg to offer my thank- ful acknowledgments. I will endeavour to make the Company's schools lierc, wliich have never been satisfactory to me, as efBcient as circimi- stances will permit. Irregular attendance of the children occasioned by the carelessness of their parents is very discouraging, and I purpose to offer sucli prizes as are pleasing to children, to such of the scholars as may excel in diligence, good conduct, and regular attendance, wluch, I trust, may excite their attention and emulation. "A. E." The foUowiug letter, dated the 19th May, 1871, from the Rev. Adam Elliot, was received ou the 5th June, 1871 : — I „ 1871.] TUSCARORA STATION. 169 " I beg to acquaint you that Mr. Isaiah Josepli, of the Tuacarora tribe of Indians, who is about 22 years of age, and Mr. Daniel Simon, of tlie Delaware nation, aged 20 years, ard formerly pupils at the Mohawk institution, have expressed to me their desire of further education, and requested me to ^vrite to the New England Company in their behalf, and solicit assistance. They are botli employed here at present as schoolmasters. As the Reverend Canon NeUes intends shortly to be in London, and is prepared to give fuller information respecting them to tlie Commitiee of the New England Company than I can, I will only add tliat they both have a fair reputation." The following are extracts from a letter written on the 23rd June by the Treasurer to the Rev. A. Elliot : — " # # * The Rev. Canon Nelles, for the half year ending June 30th, will pay as usual the different salaries, ' but for the future will only keep the accounts connected with the (Mohawk) Institution.' "The a'^couuts connected with the Tuscarora parsonage, and the three schools kept by Isaiah Joseph, D. Simon, and G. Powless, will therefore be exclusively under your care. * * * " Mrs. Beaver's school was placed in your district by the resolution of the Committee of the 0th December, 1870, but since that time a sepa- rate school mission (qy. section) has been arranged for the Onondaga district, under the superintendency of the Rev. R. J. Roberts ; and Mrs. Beaver's school is so immediately located near that district, that the superintendency of her school should be transferred to the missionary for the Onondaga school. * * * « • • " Canon Nelles, during his recent visit to London, mentioned the applications of Isaiah Joseph and Daniel Simon for ' further educa- tion ; ' but the New England Company have not, during the present year, any spare fluids for the higher education of Joseph and Simon. " Both these worthy teachers will, I hope, in t. . ir intervals of leisiuro, give attention to their own improvement. " Is thuire any collection of books connected with the three schools under your care which may contain volumes likely to be interesting to schoolmnriters ? I think that a small school library would be appre- ciated by Indians in the Reserve. " Your outluies of school sections for the schools of Joseph, Simon, and Powless, should be submitted to Indians of the respective districts ; and if approved by leading Indians, you will kindly inform the Com- pany what steps you propose to take for the election of school trustees. " James IIetwood." t 170 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. On the 13th July, 1871, the Committee forwarded to the Rev. Adam Elliot, as well as to their other missionaries, a copy of their Resolution of the 4th of that month, which will be found at p. 59, ante. The following letter from the Rev. Adam Elliot, dated 13th July, 1871, was received on the 2nd August : — " In the vicinity of Mrs. Beaver's school many of the Indians are as yet professed pagans of the Cayuga tribe, though not without a bene- ficial knowledge of Cliristianity, and during my residence here a con- siderable portion of them have become Clmstians. A deputation from these Cayugas lately requested me to apply to the New England Com- pany for a school to be opened a little above a mile southward from Mrs. Beaver's school. In case that the Company should be pleased to accede to their desire, Mrs. Beaver's school, being not very well at- tended, might be closed, and her services transferred to the one to be opened. I would be sorry indeed if anything should occur to interrupt my communication with the Cayugas, a considerable number of whom have, at length, expressed a desire for instruction. " It was with much regret tliat at the end of the last quarter I was obliged to advise Isaiah Joseph and Daniel Simon to resign their respective schools on account of want of success. Two young Indians who were educated at the Mohawk Institution have been appointed in their stead. One of them, Jolm Cusac, is the son of a late Tuscarora preacher of the Baptist persuasion. He is an interesting youth, witli whom I am well ])leased, and who will, I trust, be a good teucher. With the other young man, Charles Jackson, I am also well acquainted, and he speaks the Delaware dialect as well as English. " With respect to books for the use of schoolmasters and others of the Indians, I beg to acquaint you that I have a small collection of very interesting ones, which Mrs. Elliot has charge of, and lends to the youth c both sexes who are able to read them ; and though tliey are not so fond of reading as we could wish, our efforts have not been without some success. To our collection of books it is desirable that additions should be made as occasion may be given and need required. " Trustees for each of the schools here, with the exception of Mrs. Beaver's, have been chosen by the parents and neighbours of the chil- dren in each section, and approved and appointed by me. In accord- ance with your kind and tlioughtful suggestion, I will not fail to 1871.] TUSCARORA STATION. 171 consult with the loading Indians respecting the outlines of the school sections. " Adam Elliot." " On the 3rd August, 1871, the Treasurer wrote to Rev. Adam Elliot, repeating the desire of the Committee that he should personally keep the accounts relating to his own mis- sion, and added : — " I shall be obliged if you will kindly sketch out in one of the accom- panying maps of school sections the outlines of the sections appro Vi id by the Indians for each of these schools. " The present plan of j'our auditing your own accounts, when copied into the Rev. Canon Nelles' financial sheets, is not satisfactory ; and you must be the best judge of the schoolmasters, etc., in your own dis- trict, and should pay them their salaries. " Canon Nelles on his recent visit to England recommended three of the teachers in your schools at that time : 4, Isaiah Joseph ; o, Daniel Simon ; and 9, George Powless, to be educated for the ministiy of the Church of England ; and a few weeks afterwards, on the 13th July, you inform me that at the end of the last quarter (the 30th June) you had been obliged to advise Isaiah Joseph and Daniel Simon to resign their respective schools on account of want of success. " Individual responsibUity for each separate district on tlie part of every missionary is a principle thoroughly approved by the New Eng- land Company; and the Rev. Canon Nelles, on his visit here, was informed by the Committee of the New England Company of tlieir view ' as to the desirability of establisliing a school among tlie Pagan Indians on the lower part of the Grand River Reserve, in the Onon- daga district, and of their appointing the Rev. R. J. Roberts to superin- tend the same.' " The improvement of the Indians in the Onondaga district is the main object of the formation of tliis new station ; and as you mention in your letter of the 13th July that ' Mrs. Beaver's school being not very well attended might be closed,' I feel confident that if Mrs. Beaver becomes a candidate for the position of teacher in the new school under the Rev. R. J. Roberts, her claims will be fairly considered by that missionary. " A first-class female teacher would be on the whole preferred by the Committee to a second-class male teacher, the selection being left to the Rev. R. J. Roberts." i I' !?r !:i i if' if I m m |, ■ *■ ' ! ■ I i i ; r i ■: : t ' ■ [ ■ I i,, .i i -f 1 ;l * ; a ■1 ■ •i \ 172 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871-1872. On the 7th September, 1871, the Committee sent to the Rev. A. Elliot copies of their Resolutions passed on the 5th of that month, establishing four instead of three district mis- sions on the Grand River Heserve (the resolutions are set out at pp. 63, 64, ante). The following are extracts from a letter from the Rev. Adam Elliot, received on the 2nd October, 1871 : — " I have been little accustomed to the management of money matters, but will do my best in keeping the accounts in accordance with the wish of the New England Company. In compliance with your wsh 1 have sketched out on one of the maps wliich you kindly sent me the limits of the three school sections mentioned by you. 4, John Cusac's; 5, Charles Jackson's ; and 9, George Powless's. " The Reverend Mr. Nelles says that he must have been misunder- stood respecting Isaiah Joseph, Daniel Simons, and George Powless, as in mentioning their names to the New England Company, as re- quested to do, he had no intention of recommending them with a view to their becoming candidates for Orders in the ministry of the Church. I have much pleasure in being able to say that George Powless is very regular in attending to his duties as schoolmaster, and seems to be much liked both by the children and their parents. « * • * • * " A. Elliot." On the 6th October, 1871, a letter was addressed to the Rev. Adam Elliot, requesting him to furnish the Committee with information, probably in the way of a journal, of what was being done by him and under his superintendence in the school districts. On the 13th February, 1872, the Committee wrote to the Rev. Adam Elliot, calling his attention to his not having complied with the request of the Company to furnish them with a periodical report of the proceedings of the Tuscarora station, and informing him that unless they received a satis- factory reply to their request on the subject of a periodical report before the 1st May next, the Treasurer would be instructed not to authorize any further drafts by him. 1872.] TUSCARORA STATION. 173 In the same letter Mr. Elliot was apprised of the resolu- tion of the Committee to take steps to improve the standard of teaching at the Mohawk Institution, and to render admis- sion to that Institution a reward for ability and good con- duct in the lower schools. The following letter from the Rev. Adam Elliot was re- ceived February 24th, 1872 : — '•TuscAnoBA, 29<7t January, 1872. " I beg herewith to enclose, for the infonnation of the Committee of the New England Company, a statement of my account with the Com- pany up to the end of December last, wliich I hope will be satisfactory and also quarterly reports of the three schools under my superinten- doncy. From the weekly reports which I regularly receive from the teachers, as well as from my own observation on visiting the schools, it appears to me that the attendance is neither so large nor so regular as is desirable. But this is not surprising to those who are acquainted with the Indians. Neither the teachers nor the cliildi-en are blam- able ; but carelessness on the part of the parents is a great hindrance to the prosperity of our schools. " The number of pupils is rather lessened by some of the children in each section, who are further advanced than the rest, being • °nt to the Mohawk Institution for further instruction and improvement. " But although it is difficult to secure a constant and regular attend- ance at these schools, thej' are of very great benefit to the Indians. To excite the childi'en to exertion, and to encourage their parents, instructive and amusing little books have been presented to such of the children as excel at each of the schools. The teachers meet me at the end of each week, wliich affords me the opportunity of giving them such directions and advice as may be necessary, and also of lending thera suitable books for their own improvement. My three schoolmasters, though young, are I am happy to say, very steady and exemplary, and they have the advantage of being able to explain to the ch dren in their own tongue what they are learning in English. "Mrs. Elliott has a Sunday-school which is pretty regularly attended by about 40 children, which is of much benefit to them, but of no little labour to her, as in the morning for the convenience of the cliildren, she meets them on the south, and in the afternoon on the north side of the Grand River, which she crosses in a canoe. About twenty very young children, who attend her Sunday-school, lately said the catechism -It f) r ''. . 111 1 ■ '■■ ; , <* ' ? m W' 174 GRAND RITER OR TUSCARORA KESEUVE. [1873. to me in cliurch before the congregation, in English, which was very pleaning to all. "The church was well attended on Christmas Day; and after the service a vast number of children, accompanied by not a few of their parents and friends, met us at the parsonage, when, the weather being fine, a Cliristmas-tree was erected on the verandah, laden with a great variety of things tasteful to children, which being distributed among them, they returned delighted to their homes. On Christmas Eve we always have divine service in the church, after which the people remain and employ themselves in singing hymns and making addresses suitable to the season. On leaving the church, they proceed to the parsonage about midnight, which having orderly and quietly entered, they sing a Cluktmas hymn, and make a short address lo such members of the household as are up and ready to receive them, after which they separate and return to their respective homes. Sometimes, on such occasions, they sing outside under the windows, which has a pleasing effect in the stillness of the night. At first I was rather surprised at this unusual and voluntary visit, but finding that it is a custom expressive of their Christian kindness, refreshments are prepared for them, of which they cheerfully partake before their depar- ture. " In the course of a year I administered the sacrament of baptism to 31 persons ; officiated at 8 man-iages and at 20 funerals. The sacra- ment of the Lord's Supper is celebrated on the first Sunday of each month, and the avei'age number of communicants has been about 60. '• A good deal of my time has been spent in visiting the Indians at their homes, especially such of them as are unable to attend church on account of age or sickness, and I have always administered the Holy Communion to them when requested to do so. On account of our people being sparsely located over a large district, visiting from house to house is laborious and trying ; but anything like publisliing my own humble doings is exceedingly distasteful to me, and I should not have thought of making these remarks if I had not infen-ed from some of your letters that, such information would be gratifying to the New England Company. " It has been found on trial that the people here attend divine service better in the church than in the school-house on the south side of the river, and we now constantly meet in it as usual for worship ; and in case the proposed new church should b§ erected on the opposite side of the river, the Indians would be greatly encouraged, and, in my opinion, the attendance would be still more numerous. As the Indians appear to be disheartened, and frequently inquire of me when the church is to Ifi72.] TUSCARORA STATION. 175 be built, I should feel i. iich obliged for any information which the New England Company may be pleased to communicate respecting it. If, however, it should be decided that the present church is still to be used for divine service, I beg to state, for tiie information of the New England Company, that it requires to be thoroughly repaired. It wants a new roof, painting on the outside, and other repairs. It will probably cost about ^100 to put it in proper order, preserve it from injury, and render it durable. I have noticed with pleasure that the attendance at cliurch is much better this winter than formerly. " We have lately purcliased a new cabinet organ, with which the yoimg people are much pleased, and several of them are able to play on it at sei-vice on Sundays, We are trying to pay for it by voluntary contribution, but find it rather dilHcult to raise the money, "M \ George Powless, the teacher of the School No. !», has requested me to state to you, for the information of the New England Company, that he should be thankful if they would be pleased to place him in a superior school, with a view to his preparation for the ministry of the Church. His moral conduct is satisfactory. "Adam Elliot." The following letter from the Rev. Adam Elliot, dated 11th March, 1872, was received on the 6th April foUowinf? : — "I beg to acknowledge your communication of the 13.' i February last, and to request that you will kindly acquaint the Committee of the New England Company that my not having sooner sent my account was occasioned by the state of my health, which has been very poor since the beginning of winter. "In compliance with your request, I now herewith enclose the vouchers, which I rather hesitated to do, because bills, after being paid, are sometimes presented a second time for payment, and in such cases the point is at once settled when the receipts are at hand to be pro- duced. " For the payment of the various and numerous articles, amounting to ten dollars, which were hung upon the Christmas-tree at the festival of the Nativity for the amusement and encouragement of the children in attendance at the schools, I have no receipts to show, as they were bought at different places and paid for at once by Mrs. Elliot, who in- formed me that the price of them would have been much more if she had not explained at the time her object in collecting them. '• From the schoolmasters and others who receive stated allowances, no receipts have hitherto been demanded ; should, however, the Com- hi' 176 ORAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. ; • i: ■ i I I ^ m mittee wish me to do so, I will require them in future, and forward them to j'ou for their satisfaction. "You will sec from my letter of the 29th of January last that I had not forgotten tlie request of the Committee, comniuiiicated to me in your letter of the 0th of October last, respecting this mission, but I was not aware that the report would be expected before tlie end of the half-year. I trust that I may be permitted to say, witlunit ott'eiioe, for tlie information of the Oommittee, that while I am most willing to ac- quaint them with my humble proceedings here, as well as with the efforts of others under my superintendence, for the instruction of the Indians, T could not think of malcing such exaggerated reports, as I sometimes notice of missionary labours which, in my judgment, are more likely to mislead than to give correct inforniadon. Anything that has even the appearance of imposture is exceedingly distasteful to me ; and as oui* work hex'e among the Indians, in this remote place is very unvaried, to report continually ' by way of journal,' as I understand the expression, would, on account of its being so v«ry monotonous, if real, be quite uninteresting. " I beg that you will kindly inform the Committee that I quite con- cur \vith them in their views respecting their contemplated improve- ments at the Mohawk Institution, and that I am aware that Canon Nelles is oi the same mind with me on that subject, because we have frequently had it under consideration. ****** " The Bishop* of Huron has granted a licence to the Eev. Robert James Roberts to exercise his ministry in a certain part of the Indian Reserve, in which Charles Jackson's School, No. 5, at the Delaware settlement, and also George Powless' School, No. 9, are included, and I have, in accordance with his lordship's directions, ceased to visit the district assigned to Mr. Roberts, as his mission or parish, for the per- formance of the duties of my office ; the New England Company will, I have no doubt, desire him to superintend their two schools in future. If, however, I should not receive further instructions before the end of this quarter, I will pay the schoohnasters their salaries. "Adam Ei.mot." On the 8th May, 1872, the Committee received a further communicatiou from Rev. A. Elliot, expressing his willing- ness to transfer Schools No. 5 and 9 to the charge of the Rev. R. J. Roberts, and himself to take charge of the school near the Long House (No. 10). 1872.1 TUSCARORA STATION. 177 lOT. Irther |Ung- |f the chool On the 23rd May, 1872, the Committee wrote to the Rev. Adam Elliot as follows : — *' The Committee have no desire to receive from their missionaries inflated or exaggerated reports of their proceedings, and cannot fail to agree with you that every kind of imposture and untruih is to be re- probated in such reports ; they, liowever, have come to the conclusion that it will add to tlie elFiciency of their missions, and be very useful to the Company, that they should bo kept informed, in a much fuller manner than they lately have been, of the work done at their several stations, and as to yourself, with your proceedings at the Tuscarora station. For instance in the scliool reports just received, tlie Committee observe that at Schools Nos. 1, 5, and 9, the number of scholars on the books is 40, !>(), and IW, respectively, but no information is given as to the average attendance, which is an important item in a scliool report. " The Committee therefore direct me to repeat the request that you will forward to them, monthly, such a report as has been already repeatedly asked for; the Committee do not wish such reports to be made entertaining, but they deem it to be only due to them and to the interests they desire to serve, that tlie work done amongst the Indians at the stations sustained by their funds should be periodically re- ported to them for their information, and with a view to their suggest- ing such measures for the advantage of the Indians as may occur to them. " The auditors have called the attention of the Committee to the large and expensive stafF of assistants employed at the Tuscarora station, involving salaries of 200 dollars a year to your assistant, the like amount to the interpreter, and 50 dollars a year to the catechist. The Committee have resolved that tliis expenditure should bo con- siderably diminished, especially as the state of the Company's funds in consequence of an increase in the field of their labours will not allow of any unnecessary or excessive expenditure, and they desire to consult with you as to the change which can be made in this respect, and I am requested to inquire whetlier some, and which, of your assistants may not be dispensed with. " The Committee will be glad if you will inform them what number of Indian farms on the Reserve are now worked, on shares, by white men, and if, in your opinion, this practice is increasing, or otherwise." The Bishop of Huron, having on the 18th April, 1872,* informed the Company that he intended to ordain Mr. Albert • See p. 105. N ?■ 178 GRAND RIVER OH TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872, ' i^Hi ll« ^j.| I , ' Anthony, the Committee, on the 6th June following, wrote to the Bishop thanking him for the care and attention he has bestowed on the Company's pupils at Hellmuth and Hurou Colleges, and asking his advice with respect to Mr. Anthony ; whether he considered him fitted to undertake a small in- dependent mission in the Delaware part of the Reserve, or to fill the position of assistant and interpreter to the Rev. R. J. Roberts in his extended mission, or of assistant and interpre- ter to the Rev. Mr. Chance, or whether he would be useful at the Mohawk Institution. In a letter from the Bishop dated 15th June, 1872, he in- formed the Committee as follows : — " On the 5th instant I ordained Albert Anthony, deacon ; he passed a very creditable examination, and I have no doubt will make a very useful clergyman ; he is a fine-looking and most exemplaiy good young man. I should like to know the salary the Company will give him. I can at once appoint him to the mission among the Delaware Indians. I think i£100 per annum during his diaconite will suffice. '* I hope to be able to visit the Indian Reserve in the course of this summer or in the early part of tliis autumn, after wliich, I will write to the Company and give them my view, from personal inspection, of the whole field. "J. Hdbon." And on the 16th July, 1872, the Company received a letter from the Bishop as follows : — " London, Ontabio, July Uh, 1872. " Will you kindly convey my sincere thanks to the New England Company foF their unwearied interest in the Indian tribes in my diocese. From yoiu:s of the (>th ult., I take it for granted, that the Company will approve of my placing Anthony where he would be most useful. I have accordingly appointed him to assist the Eev. Mr. Elliot, who is both ranch aged and infirm and needs help, and he will also take charge of the Delaware part of the lleserve. He is young, strong and willing, and fully able, physically and mentally, for the work assigned to him. Mr. Roberts is anxious that the Rev. A. Anthony should have charge of the Delaware tribe. I should be glad to know what salary the Com- pany intends giving Mr. Anthony. I trust the Company's means will allow to send an equal number of pupils to the Hellmuth Colleges as 1872.] TUSCARORA STATION. 179 heretofore, as I foel confident it will prove a .'{reat blessing anil meiins to identify thorn thu3 in talent and position witli tlieir white hiethron. " May every blessing rest upon the Company's eftbrta. " J. IIlbon." The following letter from the Rev. Adam Elliot was received 24th July, 1872. " TracABOBA, Jufy Qth, 1872. '* You will see from the accompanying report of School No. 1 for the last qnarter that it is still but poorly attended. As in some of my former letters I liave already expressed my regret and dis-^atisfaetion, that tlie parents of the Indian cliildion .should fail to avail themselves, as much as they ought to do, of the means of their instruction so kindly and liberally alforded by the New England Company, I will only say at present that I frequently visit them at their houses and endeavour to persuade them to be more mindful in future of the advantage of their children being educated. On such occasions very frivolous ex- cuses are readily made for not sending them regularly to school, and they are not backward in promising to do bettor for the time to come. Frequent visits to this school are made by mo generally once a week. The conduct of the teacher, Mr. John Cusick, is satisfactory' both to the Indians and myself. " As the Committee of the New England Company desire monthly reports, I will transmit them in future. " As to the large and expensive stall' of assistants employed at the TuBcarora station, I beg respectfully to state, for the information of the New England Company, that ' unnecessary or excessive expendi- ture ' has never been desired by me ; and it is easy to see how the expense may be diminished at this station. " The small allowance for catechists was equally divided between two pious and influential persons. Chief John Obediah, at Tuscarora, and Chief Isaac Hill, of the Onondaga tribe, who satisfactorily per- formed the work of catechists for many years. Tlie latter died in December last, over 70 years of age, and I appointed Peter Henry Burning, of the Mohawk tribe, as his successor. John Obediah died very lately, at the great age of 96. No successor has been appointed ; and as Peter Burning's appointment was not permanent, the services of the two catechists may now be dispensed with. The same may be said of my assistant, Mr. John Anderson, of the Tuscarora nation. Being young, he lived with me about six years, which afforded me the oppor- tunity of giving him daily instruction witli a view to his beuig em- loyed as interpreter. As he now resides on his own farm at a con- ■'i ( HUM 180 GRAND UIVER OR TUSCARORA RK9ERVE. [1872. siderable diatanco from this parsonage, liis serviceB as assistant may now 1)0 discontinued. " With respect to the interpreter, I beg to stuto that I conld adviflo no decrease in his sahiry, because I feel persuaded tluit, like tliiit of the school teachers, it in iJreudy too small. " Although the field of my labour has lately been divided and a part of it Hut apart by tlu! Hishop to form a separate mission or parish for the Rov. 11. J. Uoborts, it is still extensive, and I now feel that on account of my advanced age and so nuich travelling from house to house on the Indian Hesorve being required, I am in much need of a clerical assistant. Should the New England Company bo kindly dis- posed to grant mo this favour, I would greatly prefer an Indian as a helper in the missionary work. " It may bo interesting, and I tr\ist gratifying, to the New England Company to know, that during the period of my residence here, up to the time of the division of tliat part of the Indian Reserve which formed my mission or parisli, about 1150 persons, chielly Indians, were admitted into the Church by baptism under my administration. Of these 204 were of the Delaware, and over 70 of the Capiga nation. It is true that the chiefs of the latter tribe mostly, as a body, have always been opposed to religion and education, but it is clear from the number baptized, and also from the advancement of civilization among them, that they err who aflirm that, as it respects them, the labours of the Company's missionaries have been attended with little or no success. The truth is, that though the whole tribe have not as yet made a formal profession of Christianity, I never knew any of them to deny its truth. They have not renounced paganism, but the teaching of the Holy Scriptures has had an indii*ect and benelicial influence on their muula and conduct. The Cayugas, like their brethren of other tribes, now support themselves chielly by farming, and three of the yoimg men are prosperous dealers on the Indian Reserve in groceries and dry goods. One of them, Mr. George Bomberry, is studying medicine, and another, Mr. James Styres, some years ago came to me weekly for a whole year to receive instruction in English grammar and the Holy Scripture. lie is now erecting comparatively extensive buildings at the Indian Council- house for mercantile business. " When I first became acquainted vith the Delawares, they were in a state of heathen darkness and regularly perfoi-med their ancient pagan ceremonies. They seemed afraid of me and did not wish me to visit their settlement. Their principal chief. George Anthony, told me that they could not accommodate a person like me, but that when they should have better houses I migb' ■some and see them, but I happcued 1872.1 TUSCAltORA STATION, 181 to say to him in reply that ho would nut iind nio hard to pluaso, and tliiit if it wero oxpudicnt that I should utiiy all night with tlio Ituiiuns I would HliJa5;^MS&&. 1872.] TUSCABORA STATION. 185 the schools in that section^ Nos. 5 and 9, should be superin- tended by him and his assistant^ the Rev. A. Anthony, instead of the Kev. R. J. Roberts, and that the latter would confine his ministrations to the Onondaga and Cayuga school sections, witiiin the limits defined by the Company. T*'e Committee also expressed their regret that they could not depart from their resolution as to his future salary, the income of the Company being fully appropriated, and allowing of no increase of expenditure, but they instructed him to draw for the salary of his assistant, the Rev. A. Anthony. The Committee added that — " They have no inclination of dealing parsimoniously with you or any of their missionaries, or to disregard their loug services, hut tliey have many various interests to consider and a limited annual income to mete out, and find it impossihle to do more than they had already decided to do, and which they really do not tliink inadequate under all the circum- stances of the case. Had their present means permitted, the Company WGoid have fult pleasure in granting some pension to the widow of the late Jolm Ohodiah, hut they are really uuahle to do so, and, moreover, are compelled to consider that the granting of pensions, except in very exceptional cases, is scarcely within their powers." * -I m •i it ■ t ; T : ■. i i Mi 180 [1870. ii.— GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. 3. — Kanyunqeii Station. In a letter to the Treasurer, dated the Gth, and received on the 22nd Deeember, 1870, the Rev. Robert J. Roberts, referring to a grant made by the Committee in November, 1870, of £5,* to provide materials to enable Miss Crombic to instruct the school girls in needlework, remarks : — *' I am sure this grant will be hailed l)y tlic several families of tliis school district as a great boon. Next week Miss Crombic will com- mence this most useful coiusc of instruction." The following are extracts from the same letter : — '• I am glad that you think favourably of a trained teacher for the the Council-house School. Many of the residents of that section liavo expressed a desire to liave cne. If a wliite man were employed, ho would doubtless expect a larger salary than that wliich is now given by the Company to their teachers ; but if a gentleman from the Normal School were engaged for one year only, some of the best quahfied Indians — whether young men or women — might, in the meantime, bo sent to that Institution to be prepared and fitted for the office of teacher. At tlie end of a year they would bo qualified for their work, and there would be no longer a necessity for retaining a white man at the larger salary. • • • • • • " If the Company would be kind enough to grant that section £2Q more, on condition that the people complete the scliool-house, erecting a porch, painting the whole building, and doing any otlier work on it, there would very soon be finished the most beautiful and commodious school-house on the Reserve, creditable alike to the Indians who did the manual labour on it, and the Company who assisted them with so liberal a grant. If I am not mistaken, it cost tlie Company more for the removal of the Wliite School-house from the river to Kanyungeh, and its erection at liie latter place. * See Beport for 1870, p. 117. ^S 1871.] KANYUNOEH STATION. 187 " You mention that you ' notice James Hill to bo the only salaried teacher at tlic Council-house, so that Mrs. Kohorts is no longer a lalaricd tcaclicr uiulor the New England Company.' " Mrs. llo])ert8 resigned the school at the Coiincil-houBe because it was too far for her to walk, and because you thought it would be well to have a teaclicr there who could speak the language of the people. She has not tlicrefore received any salary during this year. However, her interest in the education and improvement of the children has not by any moans diminished. She sometimes assists Miss Crombie in tho day scho(d here, and, with lier, taught a night school wliich lasted B months, and was only discontinued when the work in the harvest made the men and women too tired for reading and writing. As soon as the roads are frozen up, Mrs. Roberts and Miss Crombie will begin again to keep a niglit school. The pupils attending it are almost all adults, many of whom are married. Husbands come witli their wives to tlio school, and children of 12 or 14 years attend, who are perhaps engaged during tlie day cutting firewood. The night-school was very popular among the people of this section. Some men have learned to read English during the eight montlis of its existence. I have also reason to believe that it has restrained some from wondering away to tho taverns. • ••••» " With regard to the ' fever and ague ' with which this district most suffers, I may say tliat the people have medical attendance at hand. There are two medical men employed on this reserve by the Indian Department; and one of them, Dr. Dee, resides only live miles from here. He generally leaves at my house a small quantity of quinine, wliich I (or in my absence, Mrs. Koberts) dispense to those around us sick with the ague. It appears to be the most effectual cure for that malady." On the 12th January, 1871, the Special Committee wrote to the Rev. Robert J. Roberts, authorizing him to engage a trained teacher from the Normal School at Toronto, for one year, for the Council-house School at Kanyungeh, at a salary not exceeding £50 for the year ; and to send James Hill from the Council-house School to the Normal School at Toronto, for a year's training there, at the expense of the Company. The Committee also granted j820 to the trustees of the Coun- cil-house School Section, towards completing the building of the school-house, as suggested by him, and on condition •H 4 i \ < Sp 1|! m ^ t I t ! ]• \ i ii 1 * m 188 GRAND HIVER OR TUSCARURA UESURVE. [1871. that the trustees completed the buildings by erecting a porch and painting the whole. The Committee also granted £5 to Dr. Oronhyatckha for his expenses, incidental to a course of lectures on physiology, which he proposed to deliver on the Reserve. In January, 1871, the Company received from the Rev. R. J. Roberts letters, from which the following are extracts : — " T}io two schools No. 1 (Kanyimgeh) and No. 2 (Council-house) have increased iu their average attendance. Next week, the girls atteuduig Kanyungoh school will commence needlework, knitting, etc. IVogresa is being also made in tlie building of the new school-house near the Council-house. \Vc hope to have it for occupation soon. "Tills house (the Kanyungeh Parsonage), as it now stands, is not only a fit companion for the beautiful church, but is at once convenient and conuuodious. I liave worked luird during the past six years to promote the erection of these too much needed edifices ; and although it may not perhaps be my lot to remain here, I rejoice at their comple- tion, and trust they may long remain as monuments of the kindness shown by the New England Company to the Six Nations Indians. " I enclose a communication which I received from Dr. II. H. Deo, medical attendant to the Six Nations Indians, relative to his sister-in- law. Miss Charlotte Smith. There appears to be a strong desire of late among the Indian youth to obtain an education higher and more complete than that wliich can be obtained at the Mohawk Institute. Miss Smith, the doctor's sister-in-law, is one of those whom I consider most deserving of such aid as the New England Company give for that purpose. Her sister, who is married to Dr. Dee, is well provided for, but Miss Smith is entirely dependent on her own efforts to obtain a livelihood. She taught a school for some time at the Bay of Quintd Indian Beserve. She has been for some time past desirous of taking charge of one here, but there has been no vacancy. " She is a descendant of the celebrated Brant, who, at the time of tlie War for Independence in the United States, was so loyal to the Tlurone of England, and who, when he came to Canada, did much towards the civilisation of his people, and further, made a translation of the English Prayer Book and portions of the Bible for the use of the Indians. " But, apart from these considerations, I may say that I am con- yinced that she is herself one who is deserving of assistance. She would profit much by a year or two at the Hellmuth Ladies' College ; 1871.] KANYUNOEn STATION. 189 and on her return from that inntitntion, I heliovo she would not only bo able to teach a scliool in a RatisfftRtory manner, but would also, by her refined manners and good morals, do much towards tlio elevation of licr countrywomen, the Indian females. " Dr. Dee and Miss Smith's mother had spoken once or twice to mo on this subject, but I told them I could do nothing more than forward any application which they might make. " Dr. Dee has not mentioned the ago of Miss Smith ; I should think she is about eighteen years old. Ilcr father was interpreter many years ago for the New England Company, but now he is a helpless old man." In compliance with these requests on the part of Dr. Dee and the Rev. R. J. Roberts, the Committee granted j£50 per annum for two years for the board and education of Miss Charlotte Smith at Ilcllmnth Ladies' Collej^c, witli an under- standing that she would afterwards become a school teacher in one of the Company's schools, or assist them in some other capacity in their labours for the benefit of the Indians. On the IGth February, 1871, the Treasurer received the following letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts, enclosing letters from George E. Bomberry, an Indian youth, and from Dr. Dee:— " KANTtrsoBn PABSOifAGE, January 25th, 1871. " I beg to forward to you another application for such aid as the New England Company have already afforded to so many of the Indian youth. The young man who wrote the enclosed noto was educated, for a short time, at the Company's expense, at a commercial school in Toronto. His English education is very good ; his knowledge of classics and French are such as would enable him to pass the primary exami- nation before the Medical Board of this province. " Dr. Dee, the gentleman who is employed by the Government to attend the sick over the greater part of this Ileserve, has told me that he will, with great pleasure give the young man (BombeiTy) all the aid that is in his power, to acquire a knowledge of the medical profession. If the Company are willing to assist tlie young man with a grant to enable him to attend the medical school at one of the Universities, Dr. Deo promises to take him into his house during the vacations, and give him instruction in the practice as well as the theory of medicine. " As Bomberry speaks the Indian language and English with ofjual li 1i M ': •! m i \ • ,1 t" 1 r ' i ■■1 '" i ■; ' (i 1 ill! i il-'li; ;L g Sljill't t i •ifiW^^ i| :; i ■ ijsm4^ 1 f i 1 1 1 .1 IE:,;:. 1^ i i 190 GRAND BIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. facility, I believe such an arrangement would greatly benefit his people as well as himself. \Vlien he left the Commercial College at Toronto, he obtained employment in a railway-office at Montreal, in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway. It was there he acquired a greater facility in speaking the French language, But he found that absence from the Reserve cut him off from all his rights, as an Indian, to the annuities annually paid to his tribe, and also debarred him from taking his seat in the council as a chief. He is a cliief of the Cayuga tribe, and he is, I believe, the best educated on the Reserve. As to his moral character, I need say no more than this, that it could not be better. If the New England Company can alTord to grant him aid, I believe he wiU prove himself worthy of their kindness. Dr. Dee is an excellent man, and I feel sure that under his guidance he would do well, and make rapid progress in the knowledge of the profession, of which he is desirous of being a member. The annual fees, and other expenses would be about .£50 a year. " Robert James Roberts." On the 7th March, 1871, the Committee granted £60 for the current year towards the expenses of educating George Bomberry for the medical profession, and promised to con- tinue it from year to year for four years, provided they were satisfied with his conduct and progress. In November, 1872, the Company received the following letter from Dr. Dee, addressed to Rev. R. J. Roberts, with reference to this young man : — " October lith, 1872. " My dear Friend, — In March last, with my consent, George Bom- berry went to Doctor McCargow, and remained with him six months. The enclosed certificate will let you see what George has done. Dr. McCargow has a large white practice, besides a small portion of the Six Nations ; and I thought it would be of great benefit to George to see a variety of practice ; and therefore I wished him to be with the doctor for a short time. George is now m Montreal, attending lec- tures and the hospital at McGill College. It was intended he should go to Trinity, Toronto ; but several of his old schoolmates were going to Montreal, and it would be pleasant for George ; and as the school was o": good as that in Toronto, he went with his friends. I was the more willing for him to do so, as he will room with a very industrious and clever student, which will encourage George. But you mil be glad to hear George has been a good lad, and made good progress in his 1871.] KANYUNOBH STATION. 191 studies. I knew yon would like to hear of my students ; and as I told you about James Hill a short time ago, I now write to inform you about my other lad ; both lads hii . o done as well as any lads could do, and there is every prospect of their becoming skilful medical men. " I remain, " Yours very truly, " 11. H. Dee. " Rev. R. J. RoBRETS, " Cayuga Misiion." The following letter, from the Rev. Mr. Roberts, was received on the 37th February, 1871 : — " February 8th, 1871. "On Tuesday, the 31st ult., a meeting of the houselioMcrs of the Council- house Section was hold in the new scliool-housc, and Jacob Williams (cliief) was elected Trustee for a period of three years, vice Isaac Duncan, whose term of office had expired. Yesterday a similar meeting was held in Kanyuugeh school-house, and Josiah Doctor was elected Trustee for a period of three years, vice Moses Turkey, whoso term was ended. The Trustees for Kanyungeh Section, No. 1, now are :— " 1. William Wedge (Cayuga), for tuo years. "2. Joseph Henry (Cayuga), for one year. " 3. Josiah Doctor (Mohawk) for three years. " For Section No. 2, Council-house, the Trustees are : " 1. John Hill (Seneca), for two years. " 2. Josiah Miller (Mohawk), for one year. " Chief Jacob Williams (Tuscarora), for three years. " School is now held in the new building, which, although not yet plastered, is wanner than the old log-house in wliich it was formerly held. The number of children attending is on the increase. Kanyun- geh school, under Miss Crombie, is doing very well. Sometimes it is so full of children that there is no room for all at the desks. I have no doubt that many young girls are sent to it on account of the instruc- tion which is given in needlework, etc. The night school, also, is again at work, taught by Miss Crombie and Mrs. Roberts." In March, 1871, the Committee also increased their grant of £50, for the salary of a trained teacher for the Council- house School at Kanyungeh for one year, to £70, and desired the Rev. 11. J. Roberts to engage a male teacher at the in- creased rate. :.'•« ii ^1 i' n '|i 4 iJl! 1; ' i Hii li|l|i I I i i^: 192 GRAND RfVBR OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. An Indian, James Jamieson, who on a former occasion had received assistance from the Company,* havin*; made applica< tion, by letter to the Treasurer, dated the 15th February, 1871, for some assistance in edueatin,{>lC Balance Census, 1871 and 1872 2,{»4G Increase in 9 years 313 Total 3,018 1871.] KANYUNUen STATION, 195 The followin!^ letter from Dr. Oronhyateklia was received on the21)th April, 1K7I :— " Sthati'oud, Ontauio, Canada, ^pril Uith, 1H71. "Since I wrote you last, I hiivo rocoivcd a copy <>f our new School Act. Tlioro is no matcriiil change in ret,'ard to ' Inspttctors of S(!|ioo1h,' hut, as r pointed out hcforc, tlie inspectors appointed iiy our (.'ouiity Council are not always tlio hust ; and l)i'sidcs, the inHpoctor.4 have no autiiority tocxtcml their inspection to your mission kcIio(jIs. "The ap[tointni('nt of inspectors for your hcIiooIs f regard as ii gnat desideratum, and if yo," vvere to eidargo the duties to a general inspec- tion of missions, and repoiL )o you say semi imniuilly, not only as to the condition and rei|uirenients of tli<; sciiools, hut of tlie missions tltem- selves, 1 helieve great good would result from sucii a system. "The knowledge tlnit frmn time to 'jnie tlic inspector might ho ex- pected, who would report accurately what had heen done, and suggest what might still ho done, would of itself he a powerful incentive to activity and zeal on the part of all the olHcera of the Company. " Owing to the seaaon having hroken up some six weeks earlier than, usual, I have not yet delivered any h^cturea at the (Jrimd Itiver this seaaou. So Boon, however, as the roads get somewhat settled, I shall go down and deliver lectures in cue or two places. The l{ev. Canon Nelles has given his consent to my deliverin;,' a lecture to the pupils of the Mohawk Institution, while I liave made arrangements with Rev. A KUiot for a lecture in Mrs. I'owless' school-house. " I intend this year to deliver lectures to the Chippewas, and to the pagan Indians, among whom I have many warm personal friends. As I intend to make the lecture ' Physiological Temperance,' I hope they will be of benefit to CUristian as well as pagan. " OUONHYATKKHA." The following letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts was received on the 17th May, 1871 : — " April 2Sth, 1871. " I beg to forward to you the school reports for the quarter ending March 81st, 1871, from the teachers of Schools No. 1 and No. 2. Tlio average attendance at both schools is greater than tliat of the preceding quarter. " I enclose a letter which I received from a young Mohawk named George Powloss (nephew of Dr. Oronln-atekhal, who appears very anxious to become a clergyman. All that he says of him.self is ipiito o2 I \i''y i J 1 ; ! ( U:- ! ; I ■ t 11 ; I ;l I!' \ I M I! p li. 'iii! I" ' I , it! i IS i 196 ORAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. correct. Hi3 morals arc excellent. He is a steady young man, and of good natural abilities. His age is about nineteen years. At present he is engaged in teaching one of the Company's schools, under tlie super- intendence of the Rev. Mr. Elliot. I do not know what funds the BiShop of Huron may liave for the purpose of aiding Indian students in tilt; Huron College, but if the Company should be willing to assist Powless in preparing for that college, it can bo done at tlio least ex- pense in the way which lie himself proposes, viz., by allowing liira to board at the Mohawk Institution, and attend the Grammar School in Brantforl as a dny-scholdr. " I believe George Powless is the first Mohawk wlio has professed a desire to enter the ministry of the Church of England." Ttie following letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts was received on the 30th May : — " May lOlh, 1871. "At a meeting of the Committee of the Six Nati(m Indian Agricul- tural Society, lield on the 5th inst., a resolution was passed, requesting me to ' tender to the New England Company tho thanks of the Society for the very liberal aid given t>) them during tlie last two years, and to state tliHt they earnestly hope the Company will be land enough to grant tliem similar assistance during this year.' " I may here say that the Six Nation Indian Agricultural Society ap- pears to be exercising a very good influence on tliis Reserve. It becomes more and more popular with the people. Last year it received an acces- sion of members, many of wliom are Cayugas. Tlio president this year is n Cayuga, nained James Jamieson, who is an cxcelh'iit farmer. His post- olUce is Onondaga. The treasurer of tlicir society is also a Cayuga, named James Styres. He keeps a large store or general shop near the Council-house. *' I beg to enclose an application made by a j'oung man named Isaiah Josepli, of the Tuscarora tribe, to the Company for aid to obtain such an education as may qualify him for the position of a minister in con- nection witli tlie whurch of England. He teaches one of the schools under the Rev. Mr. Elliot. If tlie Company should think well of his application, I would take the liberty of suggesting that if lie were allowed to board at the Mohawk Institution, he could obtain at little expense sufficient education at tho Grammar School, Brantford, to fit him for the Huron College. " George Powless, wlio lately made application to the Company, could receive a classical education in the same way. " On the 5th instant. Dr. Oronhyatekha delivered an excellent lecture 1871.] KANYUNGEH STATION. 197 aberts was on physiologj', etc., in the Kanyungeh school-house. The building was quite full, and the people were much pleased with the lecture. It was of a very instructive character. At the close of the lecture several Indians made speeches, and all of them expressed tiieir gratitude to the New England Company for having sent Dr. Oronhyatckha to deliver the lecture. The diagrams helped very much to make it plain to the audience. " R. J. Roberts." The following is an extract, referring to School No. 8, from a letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts, received on 5th June : — " May 18/A, 1871. " Mr. Chance has expressed himself greatly pleased with the church, parsonage, and scliool. Tlie number of children attending the latter increases steadily, Miss Cronibie, the teacher, reports that during the last few days there was scarcely room for them. To-day, there were forty-six in attendance. There is room at the desks now in the scliool for forty children ; there being twenty desks, at each of which two pupils are seatd. If your permission were obtained, for the manufac- ture of two more desks, we could lind room for them. I wish to mention here that at Miss Crombie's school there is a young lad now attending, who, in some branches, may be said to be too far 'advanced for her to in- struct. He is an excellent English scholar, has a knowledge of Algebra and Euclid. He appears to be a very good boy, and I have been told that he is desirous of being a school teacher, if the New England Com- pany would allow him to go to the Training School at Toronto. I have no doubt that he is a worthy lad. His father, the late Isaac Powless, was educated at the Company's expense in the Normal School, Toronto, obtained ajirst-class ccrtijicate, and afterwards taught one of the Company's schools for some time. Ilis son's name is James Pouifss. " I forwarded to you, a few days ago, a newspaper, in which was an account of an address (accompanied by the present of a gold watch), made to me by the Indians ou the Uth instant, at the Council-house. " R. J. UoDERTS." The following letter from Dr. Oronhyatckha was received ou the 20th June. "/tt»Kl*<, 1871. "I beg to report that before leaving Stratford I proceeded to the Grand River to deliver several lectures. I fh-st proceeded to the Mohuwk 1 1 m I ■li I 198 nilANI) lllVICIl oil TUHCAROIIA IIKSKIIVK. [187. IiiKlilutiuii, hut llio Uov. C'aiioii Nt'llns not luMiig at homo, and thouo in inuiKMlinto chiirgo of tlio Hchool not Jiaving hocn proviouHly notiliod of my coniint^, I (h'cmod it h(!Ht to poHtjionn my h'ctun^ thoro. I drove down Willi l{(^v. Mr. l{()hti(n to Kunyiini^idi. ovc", or nioro correctly throinjh, the nioHt uhoniiniihh" niadn thiil I luive ever seen. " At tlio Conipany'H Hehool-liouHO at Kiinymif^eh 1 mot «iuite a Inrj^o nssemhly of Indians, mill iiniong llicin wore a I'lnv whitoH ; while I en- deavoured to ex|)hiin (he {general laws of health, I (nideavoure of the ronds, 1 did not visit any otlier loeality. At the elose of my lec- ture at .Kanyung(>ii I (old (he peophi that I expeeted I would see you during the suunuor, and that 1 would convey any mo.ssago they would send. "A resolution was then passed authorizing mo to conv.jy to you, and through you to the C'omi)any, the grateful sonso of the meding for the inexliaustihlo kiiidnoBs of the Company to tho Indians of the Six ^'alions. " OllONllYATKKUA." l!pf rt^ In July, 1871, the llev. U. J. Roberts scut u report from the teaehers of Schools Nos. 8 and 2, adding : — " The average attendance at hoth has increased, moro espeeially at Kanyungeh iISo. 8). Y(Ui may ohscrvc that the lowest attendaneo, at the latter school, during tho past quarter was twcnty-ouc pupils, and tJiat on one day there were present us many uh sixty-tliree. Indeed, the attendaneo for several days lately was so great that Ui' lu was Hcuruely room for tho children, and were it uot that James L'owle.ss, the most adviuieed scholar, voluuteered to assist Miss (Jrumhie in the afteruoons, tsho would have had some dilliculty iu teaching oil the cliildi-eu." On the 1st August, 1871, Dr. Oronhyatekha attended the Committee, and gave them information as to the Indians on the Grand River Ueservc\, and at the IJay of Quinte. lie in- formed the Committee that his lectures iu Mohawk, to tiie vi^ 1871.] KANYUNdEII MTATION. 191) •:^ji .\»^ Urand Itiver Iiuliaiis, oi» Physiolofjy, had been well uUcudcd, uud that a luiinbcr of while people were present. Dr. Oroidiyatekha stated that he c<;iiHi(lered that (liivcral portions of the Aet known as Langevin'a Aet were of great advantage to the Indians, and that this opinion was shared by many of the more intelligent of the Indian people. On the 80th August, 187 1, the following letter w.'is received from the Kev. James Chance : — " Au(/u»l UHh, 1871. " I am liiippy to iiil'orin you Unit wo aro now Hottlod in our now liotrio, and urc gr^ttin;,' Konidwliiit coiuf'oitiihio, after a low wcokH of iiiinienac diHCOinfort and labour in clcurin;,'. cleaning and ronowing. " Tlif! roads aro said to 1)0 now, owing to the drynosH of tho H(!U,Hon, comparatively good, l)ut to mo tliey n(!em iiitol sflfiiiu: ^ Mi: 11! I" : !! 1 'ill 202 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. removed, at a comparatively trilling cost, considering the size and weight of the barn, to a more convenient and suitable place, and where the addition intended by my predecessor can be easily made. I omitted to mention that there ia a debt of 00 dollars on the barn, according to the statement of the llev. Canon Nelles. " Ath. The Olehe. — Tlie quantity of land — eight acres— wliich forms the glebe is altogether too small, even if it were all good land, but a considerable portion in front and rear is swampy. There ought to be enough at least to supply pasturage, hay, and grain for the horses, cows, and oxen, and vegetables for ourselves. Other missionaries have large glebes, and derive an important yearly revenue therefrom, in addition to their annual stipends. I have already reported that my predecessor had not even a foot of land cultivated ; and when I took possession of the { ebe tlie season was too far advanced for me to culti- vate any portion of it, and consequently wo have to buy garden and fiold produce for the faioily and for the cattle. Hay especially is very scarce, and can only, with much difficulty, be procured at a higli price. I have had the glebe partly enclosed, and will enclose the whole as soon as i)ossible. In addition to the glebe, my predecessor informed me that he had the use partly of the ' Spring Lot,' wlxich he had enclosed. This lot has been reserved by the Six Nations on account of tlie spring, wliich contains water of medicinal value, and for this reason white people have made frequent applications to purchase or to obtain a lease of it, and no doubt before long the whole lot, or a portion of it, will be either sold or leased. RIy predecessor shared the use of it with an Indian who possesses a sort of ' quit-claim ' thereto ; but the land in its present condition is useless except for grazing purposes, and scarcely tit for that, even if the fence was complete and secure, wliich it is not. I tind too that a poor widow woman lays claim to five hun- dred of the rails wliich form the existing fence around the lot. Slie says that she had them cut for her own use, and the man empiuyed by the llev. Mr. Roberts took them without even asking her permission. I wrote to the Rev. Mr. Roberts on the subject, and he said that ' liis man found about one hundi'ed old rails lying near the Spring liOt, and not knowing that they belonged to any one, he used them.' Mr. Roberts further suggests that I should give the widow one hundred good rails in place of the old ones. It appears that a similar offer had been made to her by Mr. Roberts, though he never mentioned the matter to me ; but she rejected the oli'er, and maintained that the servant-man had taken iive hundred. It is very much to be regretted, I think, that the rails were taken without inquiry, and without purchase or permission. I shall make foi'ther inquuies into the matter, and settle it as justly and satisfactorily as I can. [1871. 1871.] KANYUNGEH STATION. 203 " ijth. The Oxen. — Tliese were roaming at large in the neighbour- hood when I came, and were in good condition. I liad to buy a yoke and sloigli from the llev. Mr. Roberts, and to purchase a cham at Brantford. There is no waggon or cart, or plougli or harrow, or iu fact any other agricultural implement belonging to the mission, — not even a spade or a rake, until I furnished them. The oxen would be useful in taking away old logs and stumps, and iu ploughing new land, and would be a gi'eat help to poor Indians who wish to improve their circumstances and cultivate their land, but have no moans to pay for the use of oxen. But there is no constant use for them in the limited mission proper, and in the meantime who is to take care of and feed them ? Now at the present time, when hay is so dear, this matter gives me considerable anxiety, and I am desirous of obtaining the advice of the Committee in reference thereto before winter sets in. " II. The Temporal Circumstances of the Indians. "I am happy to report that some of the Indians are very industrious ; they have good substantial dwelliug-housos, large barns, well-cultivated farms, and are exceedingly prosperous. Others, seeing their prosperity as the result of their industry, are desirous of following their example, but lack the necessary means to make much progress. I gave a help- ing hand to one of these lately. I lent him the oxen to plough the land, and procured ' fall ' wheat, which he sowed. Others, again, are care- less and thriftless, who live from hand to mouth, and whose circum- stances are not much superior to the pagan Indians on the northern shores of Lake Superior. Some of the Indians are fond of borrowing money, but are not very ready to repay what they borrow. My long experience in the north is against indiscriminate giving or lenduig. Sometimes a timely loan may be very beneficial in some special cases, but as |a general thing they do harm, and the missionary, by lending, loses both money and influence. " III. Their Moral and Relujious Condition. " I did not expect that the Indians here would be guiltless of gross immoralities, but I wish I could report that they were less prevalent. It will be my earnest effort, with the Divine blessing, to adopt and carry out plans which will tend to restrain and overcome vice, and to promote honesty, sobriety, purity, and all other Christian virtues. " During the last week, the pagans had their annual festival in the ' Long-house,' a pagan building about a mile from here. There is another ' Long-house," I am informed, at the lower part of the Reserve. The existence of pagan temples in which degrading and demoralizing 41 u\ r I '1 y. ■ 1 t ' 1 l \ ' ■ J ■] ■ ^ 1' i '1 > W ■ i- 1 i / I \l I'M I i i i ^ ! ,i I ; 201 GRAND KIVICR OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. ceremonies are performed, in the midst of a nominal Christian com- munity, and surrounded by the inlluences of civilization and Chris- tianity emanating from a white population, is most extraordinary and deplorable. " It is the testimony of Holy Scripture that the Gospel of Christ is the power of God unto salvation. It has been my privilege to witness its efficacy in the north ; and I am thankful to say that there is not now a pagan or heathen at Garden River, nor on the shores of Lake Huron, except in remote corners. Your missionary has also preached the Gospel on the northern shores of Lake Superior, and had the pleasure of witnessing its saving power there also. And what the Gospel has done for the Ojibways in the north, and for a thousand other tribes in different parts of the world, it can also accomplish for the pagans of the Six Nations. "I was much distressed to find that the 'body 'of the Six- Nations Indians had been bruised, lacerated, and torn by conflicting sects. I was led to hope, from tlie use made of Mr. Lister's report of the exist- ence of Roman Catholics in close proximity to the Company's nxissiou at Garden River, that the Company's missions on Grand River were enjoying a desirable immunity from tlie hostile interference of other denominations ; but, to my great disappointment, I find that there are four or five other opposing sects interfering witli the work of the Com- pany's missions, rendering the exercise of wholesome discipline diffi- cult, and otherwise proving injurious to the higliest interests of Cliris- tianity. " The Company's missions, however, when considering these draw- backs and hindrances, are achieving a good work, and realising a large amount of success. A large number of Indians are sincere and devout Christians, whose general conduct is consistent and exemplary, har- monising with the principles and teaching of the religion which they proisss. " I am thankful to say that, since I have had charge of this mission, my labours and those of Mrs. Chance have been largely appreciated by the Indians generally, and much has been already accomplislied towards the promotion of Christian unity and godly concord amongst them, and for their temporal and eternal welfare. The church, which, at one time, was nearly deserted, is now well attended. The number of communicants is about 70 on an average, I think. " My Sunday duties are attendance at Sunday-school, where I cate- cliise the cliildren and address them ; the perfurmanco of a full morning service, with a sermon in church. I walk every Sunday afternoon to one or other distant part of the mission, and perform Divine service in [1871. 1871.] KANYUNGEII STATION. 205 a school-room which is always crowded. My last service was attended by Ojibways, who wore anxious to hear mo preach to thorn in thoir own language. During tlie week I viait the schools, and the Indians from Iiouso to house." Repout of the Schools in thk Kanyunokh DrsTUicT. "In commencing my Report for the first quarter during wliich I have boon supcrintendont of tlie above schools, I cannot withhold the expres- sion of my dcop sense of the great value of those schools, and thoir admirable adaptation, wlion properly conducted, to accomplish tlio object for whicli they were established. " It is universally allowed that education is an essential instrumen- tality in the civilization of any people, and in their moral and social improvement. But in judging whether schools have boon judiciously managed, and whetlier any desirable amount of success has been achieved, it is necessary to boar in mind the circumstances of tlic people for whoso benefit tliey were intended. Tlie lower a people are in the scale of civilisation, the less is the necessity folt on tlieir part for education ; but that fact renders tlie necessity greater in the estimation of enhglitened people. The British and other Governments find it more economical to expend money in the establishment of schools for education, than to bear the expense of ignorance. But the establish- ment of schools amongst an ignorant and unwilling people is not suffi- cient ; and as they could not legislate in England to impart education to the people, as doctors administer their pills, coated with sugar, Mr. Foster would have inserted a compulsory clause in his late Elementary Education BUI ; but, as Mr. Arnold states in his Report, the people of the lower classes in England are not prepared, as the lower classes in Prussia, for compulsory education, and they must leave them to the operation of other influences, until a sense of its value is more gene- rally felt. Schools have been established among the Indians, not so much because they felt the value of.them, as because Christian pliilan- tlirop.'sts knew them to be essential to their civilisation and prosperity ; and a^ it is impossible to compel the Indians to avail tliemselves of the advar.tages of education which they very inadequately appreciate, and since tliey have very little control over their children, it is neces- sary to give them education gratuitously, and to offer the children inducements, such as they can appreciate, to receive it, until they are more deeply impressed with a sense of its value ; and to this important object the efforts of teachers and superintendents should be specially directed, and a wise and judicious care should be exercised in these inducements, lest education sliould Imj made too cheap, and tlio grand 'i .1 : !! ( ; 1 ) .1, 1 T '4 i I i- {■ A i !i \\ !'F 11 111 i 206 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RRSERVE. [1871. purpose in view thereby frustrated. When the Indians are taught to value education for its own sake, great progress will then have been made in their civilisation, and tlicy will afford a substuiitial ani'u\ rtuiliiif,' in the fourtli book was tlio only one wlio had advanced in ciplierinj,' to Kiniplo subtraction. They are very doiicient in spelling,', and know very little of the Englisih language, and nothing scarcely of gruniniar and geo- graphy. " No. 3 School. " This school-house is much in need of repairs. Tlie teacher of this school is only on trial ; Moses Martin by name ; he is a nnirricd man, and exercises proper control over the children. His attiiinments are not veiy gi'eat, but quite sullicient for the present requii'enit^nts of the chihlren, who, however, are further advanced in all branches tlian the children of No. 'i. School. This teacher seems to be alive to the im- portance of inipaiiing to the children a knowledj^e of the Enjjlisli lan- gini<>e, and being an Indian and well acijuainted with the Fnglish tongue, he is qualified for that purpose. Tlie number of the children on the book is 39. There were 20 present on my last visit. " No 7 School. " This school-house is a large one in good repair, with a porcli at the entrance, but the interior is more litted up for the purposes of a Bapti meeting-house than for the requirements and conveniences of a scho I have suggested somo improvements. The teacher is a white pers... , a Miss Diamond, appointed by the llev. Canon Nelles in place of Misa Hyndmau, who resigned to undergo proper training for a teacher. Miss Diamond seems to possess moderate abilities and a certain amount of aptitude for teacliing, but the chUdreu do not appear to have made tliat progress wliich one might have expected. The number of cliildren on the register is ^i). 'When I visited the school last week there were 18 present. Yesterday I found it closed. " No. 8 School. " This school-house is the property of the Company. It is (with the exception of lacking a porch) the most complete school-house in my district ; the best adapted for school purposes, and the most suitably furnished with school apparatus. I was sorry to hear, on my first visit to Kanyungch, that a youth had broken the windows wilfully, by way of revenge on the teacher and children it was saiil. More recently, and soon after the teacher resumed her duties after the summer vacation, some person, unknown, broke four windows, destroying twelve or more panes of glass ; I oll'ered a reward for his discovery, but witliout success 1871.] KANYUNOEII STATION. 209 liithorto. Miss Crombie is tho toftcher ; bIio has had a bettor cdticntion tlian MiHs ] )i(vnu)ii{l, and possesses f,'reiitor gltilify, hut far inferior to a trainei, tenclier from tho Normiil Scliool, Slie seems anxious to securo aiarf^o attendunen, luid (o plciiso the trustees, tho parents, and children, but in clforts to aecomplisli this I foar that a wholesonio discipline, so essential to tho real prosperity of a school, has been nejdectcd. Somo parents in tlie ueij,'hboiU'hood entertained a prejudice aj,'ninst tho school, but by the efforts chiefly of Mrs. Chance their prejudice has been re- moved, and they have been induced to send their cliildron to tho school aj.,'ain. It is tho most numerously attended school in tho district ; the majority of the children arc much older than those in the other schools, and in reading, spellin<^, and writin;^ they are in advance of the children in any oilier school; somo of tlio very small (,'irls even write beauti- fully. In arithmetic they are deficient, only one b<»y can do simpln division; very few of them understand Kurdish, but none of them have been lauj^hl grammur, and only a few of thorn know anytiiiiig of geo- graphy, and thi'ir knowledge of this subject is very limited, Tho number of eluldren on tlu' register tn 7'2, but when I examined the school yesterday tliere were only 10 present. Tlie locality of this school is very conveniert for a large numher of chiMnn, and I wouM strongly recommend tl .; erection of a suitable cottage i nr tlio seluxd-houso as a dweiiing-houso for tho toaclier. ,!. " Concluding Ukmakks. lith the I in my litably 9t visit >y way [y, and mtion, moi'e lucccss '• It is very desirable that the character of tlio education given in the schools on tho Reserve should be raised to the standard of that given in the common schools of the countr}', which would completely answer tho general puqioscs of the present generation of Indians. In course of time, as they advance in civilisati«m and prosperity, they will feel a need for a superior education, at least some of them will, and will bo able to pay for it ; they will then appreciate it more higldy, and profit by it more extensively. But as the character of tho education can only be raised through the medium of the Kuglish language, a more direct effort sliould be made to teacli that language in tho schools by properly trained and duly qualified teachers; and, in order to secure the services of such, larger salaries should be offered, and neat cottages built for tho accommodation of said teachers. The funis necessary for these pur- poses should bo, in part at least, supplied from the revenues of the Six Nations Indians. As one of the trustees foi No. 7 School, to wliom I was suggesting improvements in the school by the people of thesecti(m, said, it was quite right that the people should bo called upon, or their .11 210 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. U P^^ j w lf i ill III T n ■■■\ h-i j i';!^ IT Council, to bear some of the expense of providing for tlxe wants of tlie schools, and for promoting education generally. " In the meantime the scliools shall have the special attention of myseK and Mrs. Chance. I regret to report that all tlie teachers, for some reason or other, seem to imagine that the duties of a suiK'rinten- dont are only to supply them with school apparatus, of wliich some. No. 8 especially, even allowing for a gi'eater number, make extravagant demands, and to pay them their salaries. The trustees seem to be the only recognised authorities in mattei^s of management and attendance. Yesterday I found, on my visit. No. 7 School closed, the teacher was enjoying a holiday somewhere by permission of the trustees, although she only recently had her summer vacation of a month's duration. These irregularities, I foar, have originated in an incomplete super- vision, but tliey must be corrected. I puriwse inviting all the teachers to the parsonage once every month, to bring monthly reports and consult together for the greater prosperity of the schools. " jVll which is respectfully submitted, "Jamks Chance, " Incumlkent and Superintendent." On the 6th November, 1871, the Committee wrote to the Rev. James Chance, acknov/ledging tlie receipt of his valuable report, and, with reference to a calamitous fire which had happened near the church and parsonage, requesting him to furnish particulars of the buildings for insurance, and the letter contained the following passages : — " I am desired in the first place to present the thanks of tlie New England Company to yom*self and family, and also to yonr neighbours, for the very great exertions made in preserving the property of the Company from destruction by the fire, which appears to have wrought so much injury in the district. I am also desired to inquire whether the man whoso arm was broken and who was othenvise injured is au Indian ; and if so, to express the hope of the Company that you may have supplied him at the charge of the Company with medical attend- ance and such other comforts as his case may require. " The Coranuttee have considered your observations as to the yoke of oxen, and it appear} to them to bo desirable that if practicable, they should be kept for the use of tlio mission and the Indians ; and they suggest that it would be desirable whenever p(xssiblc to make a small charge to the Indians for the use of tlie oxen, a course wliich would 1871.] KANYUNGEII STAriON. 211 l;y to be better for them as a mtittor of discipline, while it would also defray the expense of thulr keep. " Following tb .ir usual course sucu cases, the Co»-> .itteo liavo passed a rcsolufcon that they will paj'^ half the cost of .^ ]ji so, gig, and set of hamef a, which they understand from you that it is necessary for you to purchase. " With respect to the Indian boy as to whom you request to have the Company's decision, it would seem that it has escaped your attention that the Company is waiting for further particulars from you as to the present position of this boy and liis future prospects. " The Committee regret to observe the tone of dissatisfaction which pervades your remarks upon the subject of their resolution, communi- cated to you in my letter of the 7th September last. In passing that resolution the Committee had no intention to show any want of respect for you, but it is proper that I should remind you that the Committee had decided, and communicated their decision to all their missionaries, that they would discourage by every means in their power the continu- ance of the unhappy and unchristian dissensions which had arisen between r^ome of their missionaries and others on tlie lleserve. Never- theless, they continued to receive letters conveying injurious statements on the same subject, and were thus placed under the necessity of following up their first resolution by one which would emphatically show their determination to put an end to the dissensions referred to, by calling upon their missionaries, one and all, to give attention each to his own mission and work and leave unmolested any of their brethren who might have been appointed to labour in another field of duty, and to point out that if they found themselves imable to act in the spirit of the Company's resolution, the alternative of terminating their connec- tion with the Company was in their own hands. " The resolution tlierefore had application to you oidy so far as you had in your letters reopened this painful subject. They trust you will abstain from all future reference to it. " It afi'orded much satisfaction to the Committee to learn that Mrs. Chance was disposed to assist in the labours of the mission, and they will bo glad to receive your suggestions as iu the mode in which her valuable services can be most advantageon; ly employed in furtherance of the Company's objects. " The Committee on the 30th October last pas,'5fld the following Reso- lution : ' That Mr. Chance be requested to forward a copy of the docu- ment signed by Messrs. Williams and Miller, two of the trustees of No. 2 School, by which they arc reporto1, was reading to them a chapter from the Bible, wliich no doubt in ti.eir trying circumstances afforded tlicm much comfort and encourag' ment. The father was fearing another stroke, not that lie was afraid t.^ die, for lus hope of a blessed immortality was strong, and well grounded on the merits of Christ, but he was naturally anxious about liis family, and was also very desirous to receive once more the Holy 1871.] KANYUNGEH STATION. 213 ■'111 !h no and was well bout toly Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Ho was much encouraged hy my spiritual ministrations, and was very thankful for the promise of pecmiiary assistance. " Tuesday. Heard of an accident to a person by the name of Turkey. On Sunday last he went to a neighbouring white village and indulged freely in whisky ; when returning home hofell out of the waggon and dis- located his shoulder. Wlien I went to visit him I found that his shoulder had been put right by Dr. Dee, but subsequently an Indian medicine man had been suiumoned to attend him, and this Indian doctor (who is a pagan), in order to give efficacy to his treatment, had prescribed cer- tain pagan ceremonies, and issued certain prohibitions ; one of which was that no female should minister to or be with lum except liis mother, and that no other person should see liim for ten days, consequently when I was seen approaching the house, the mother (who is a professed member of our Church) came out and gravely informed me that for the present, owing to the mandate of the Indian doctor, I could not be allowed to seo her son. She expressed her sorrow that such a necessity was laid upon her to refuse me admission to the house, but tlie orders were impe- rative, and a perfect coiapliance was essential to the recovery of her son. i rciaonstrated with her, and said that in all my experience in the north I had never been hindered from visiting Indians, whether Christians or pagans, in health or in sickness. I endeavoured to show her the incon- sistency of her position and the foUy of adhering to mere pagan customs and superstitition, wliich could not possibly allect the power or (juaUty of medicines. I was informed that other missionaries respected luilian customs, and I reluctantly came away. A icre was not the sUghtest danger in this man's case, and no possible doiidt in my own mind ol liis recovery, I regret now that I did not see lum ; ii would perhaps have given temporary ofi'ence, but it would have broken to oonie extent the power of superstition, which is very great. I have since set n the nuiu ; he speaks EngUsh lluently, was once trustee of a school and president of a temperance society, and is considered a very prosperous and int< Hi- gent Indian, and yet he told me that if dm-ing the ten days he had - . n any one but his mother he could not have recovered. The medicine mun said that if his orders were strictly obeyed, tlie medicine he gave would infallibly effect a cure, but if disobeyed, it would prove a destructive poison, and Turkey evidently believed lum, so potent is pagan supersii tion in the minds even of those who have long since professed to have renounced paganism and to have embraced Christianity. " Wednesday. Visited Nos. 7 and H Schools, accompanied by Mrs. Chance, we found the attendance very good and the teachers dihgent in the perfonuaucu of their duties. I made use of the black-board uud gave ' - ! ! ' ■'iV m [ w f 11 11 II- ■ V IK '; I I ? i .3 ; jflMj ' i 'f 1 1 ill 214 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. the more advanced children lessons in grammar and arithmetic, and proved how by tliat means even the younger children might be interested in those and other branches of learning. Mrs. Chance invited the tcacliers, Miss Diamond and Miss Crombie, to the parsonage, and urged the importan(;e of teacliing the girls to sow and knit, etc., as only few of tlicm can expect to enjoy the advantages afforded at the Mohawk Insti- tution. We availed ourselves of every opportunity on the way to im- press all with wliom we could cc: verse, with the sense of tlie value of the privileges in the way of education extended to them, and urged them to Bend their cluldren to school. " Thursday. Received a visit to day from an Indian medicine man, and fire-keeper of the Cayuga tribe who lives about six miles from here, I met with him once before at the Council-house ; he then told me that he was glad to see me as tlie new missionary ; tliough, he said, I am not a Christian, I may soon embrace Christianity. He told me to day that he intended to come to church next Sunday and bring his wife along with him. He is an intelligent man for a pagan, a brother to the one who attended Turkey. In practising his art he does not have recourse to drumming, dancing, and other pagan ceremonies, but believes in the in- herent virtue of the medicines wliich he administers, and which he said God made for tlie use of the Indians. I spoke to liim about England where I came from, and used a large globe to show him where it was. I told him how we reached there by means of large steam-boats across the Atlantic ocean. I told him how wide it was, and how deep, and men- tioned the submarine telegraph; he wondered at its immense depth, but asked how we could tell whether any one had been down to measure. I ex- plained to him the shape of the earth, but when I said that people lived at the antipodes, he was thoughtful for a momcni, and then said he could not believe it, for they would all fall off. When I mentioned the moon and the sun and tlieir distances, he was more luibelieving ; and said tliat although we miglit measure the depth of the ocean, it was impossible to measure tlie distance to the sun. I as:^ured liim I could tell exactly the height of a tree without going to the top, and by similar means the dis- tance to the sun could be ascertain^ l. In speaking to him about religion, which is of the liighest importanct to all of us, he was very attentive and thoughtful, and ropoated his promise to come to church. " Friday. Went out visiting with my interpreter, called to see an old V'oman &i years of age, suffering much from rheiunatism ; she is living in a house too low for me to stand upriglit in, aud more uncomfortable than the wigwams of tlie lieathen Indians on tlie north shore of Lake Superior. I gave her the consolations of religion, and some pecuniary aid. I paid several other vi»its, aud tlieu called tu see a good old blind 1871.] KANVUNGEH STATION. 215 man ; he was sitting alone, Iiis daughter having gone two milea to the river to wash tlie clothes, the water being scarce everywhere else. I read, expounded, and prayed, wliich clieered the old man much. I also gave liim half a dollar, he being poor m this world, though rich towards God. " Saturday. Finished preparation for to-morrow's duties, wrote some letters, did other sundry things, and was in the act of making an enclo- sure for tlie pig when I received a visit from tlic Kcv. Dr. Carver, an American clergyman from Indiana, who came to obtain some informa- tion about the Six Nations Indians. He said there was a too prevalent opinion in the States that the only cure for the Indians there was ex- termination. I advised him to advocate the adoption of the policy of the British Government and New England Company so successful liere. Ho was pleased with the parsonage, church, schools, and the property of the Indians and missions generally." Illl 5 i ■ ill m- On receipt of this journal the Committee requested Mr. Chance to continue to forward similar statements of what occurred at his station. The following is taken from the Report of the Kev. James Chance for the Quarter ending 30th December, 1871 : — " Eanyungeu Pabsonaoe, December 30th, 1871. • •**** " 2. In your letter of August 4th, you stated that the Committee re- solved to remunei'ttte Mrs. Chance for superintending the schools at a salary not less than £'2!) a year if she would undertake that duty. She at once began lier duties as superintendent of the two Schools 7 and 8, taught by Miss Diamond and Miss Crombie, wliilst I take charge of schools Nos. 2 and 3, and a general superintendence of the whole. She has had to exercise much prudence and discretion in the performance of her duties, and by that means she has been in a good raeasiu'e success- ful. Slie visits tlie schools, invites tlie teachers to the parsonage, con- sults them about the welfare of their schools, makes suggestions for im- provements, nfl«r« to til kfi their duties in cases of illness, or other emer- gencies, and in the capacity of superintendent she can do much for the cause of education. In other mission- work her labours have always been valuable. I would suggest tliat her salary bo i'30 a year, at least ; and tlien, witli reference to income, wc shall be nearly in the same position as wo were at Garden River, though as we have two liorses to keep in- stead of one, and have to buy all their fodder, for the present year at a I: ii •T I If 216 GRAND RIVER UR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. f ;i I: W ■ \ ! :1i ! ! 1 \ \\m Iiigh price, as well as to piuchase all ova own vegetables, otir expenses will be greater. " 3. The Ojibway youth is an orphan, and was taken into the ^Mlssion- houue at Garden lliver by the wish and at the expense of Professor Wilson, of Toronto University, with the view of having liim educated for future usefulness among his own people. Previous to ray visit to England I was privately mformed that the means of Professor Wilson were inadequate to the boy's further support. With the consent cf l*ro- fessor Wilson I brought the matter before the Company, and they kindly consented to provide for the future support of the boy under our care. When our removal from Garden liiver was decided upon, we gave the boy his choice, either to accompany us to our new mission or to remain with liis grandmother, and he chose to come witli us. I give him private instruction, and send him to Kanyungcli school ; he speaks Enghsli as perfectly as lie does Ids own native tongue, and his general proficiency in learning is such as to require superior teaching to that received at tho Bcliool. He is about fourteen years old, and is a good and promising boy. His liealth has not been good since he has been here, having been subject to tlio endemic diseases of fever and ague of this locality ; and for reasons relating to health, as well as education, I would suggest that for the present he should be sent to tho Mohawk Institution; (except for Mr. Barefoot the advantages here, however, are not very superior). " 4. With reference to the insurance of the parsonage, I would mention that it is built of brick with a shingled roof. It is somewhat isolated, bemg 300 yai-ds distant from the nearest house west, and nearly half a mile from any house in every other direction. It was erected at a cost, I am told, of no rly 3000 dollars. Last year Iliad the Mission-house and furniture insi.'-ed in the Royal Insurance branch in Toronto, at ono percent, for 1500 doJars. The liouse for 500 dollars, the furniture for 1000 dollars. When the lire was raging here, I liad the insurance trans- ferred from Garden liver to this place. The insurance expires at the cud of this month, i informed the agent, Mr. Howard, of tlio value of the property here, and that, with the consent of the Company, I pur- posed to insure it for its full value, and he replied tliat he should be most happy to do so. In your letter you state that the Company would pre- fer to insure in some Englisli office, but as sometime must elapse before that can be accomplished, I tliiuk it would be advisable to renew the insurance in Toronto for three months, if practicable, for 3500 dollars, including parsonage, barn, and shed. " 5. I regret that any of uiy remarks sliould have called forth the dis- approbation of tlie Conmiittee, but I think my meaning must have been .'K 1871.] KANYUNGEH STATION. 217 it misunderstood. I did not intend to speak disrespectfully of other de- nominations ; and I am sure that every missionary witli any experience of mission work among Indians sliarns my opinion, that a diversity of rival sects tends to the confusion of the pagans, and to the subversion of order and that wliolesome discipline essential to the moral, social, and religious welfare of the people ; and although we may not be able to re- strain an excess of zeal, we cannot do otherwise tliau r ;gret its unfavour- able tendencies. Your missiimary, without being u fonhvul to las con- victions and prmciples (and no useful missionary is destitute of princi- ples), and without relinquishing his personal individuality as a clergjman of the Church of England, has ever enjoyed the respect ai^d esteem of all the ministers and members of other Protestant denominations with whom he has come into contact. I am of the opinion, tlxat when any Christian denomination has succeeded in establishing a mission among a baud of Indians which are comparatively few in number, that denomination, if labouring faithfully, should not be interfered with. " I would remind the Committee that one of my reasons for not going to establish another mission on tlie Company's estate at Chemong I^ake was, that the Indians were few, and that another mission would inevit- ably interfere with the Uaptist mission akeady established there. In reference to the use of the school-houses, I would respectfully refer the Committee to the statements in their printed B-cport for 1H08, pp. 44-5, which nmst, I suppose, have had their approbation, and in which I fully concur. I tliiuk my remarks on this subject must have escaped the notice of the Committee or have been misunderstood, otherwise tlieir justice and fairness would have met with approbation. " (5. When we first came here I had to piu'chase at once a horse and carriage, at a cost for the former of 120.00 dollars, and for the latter, 110.00 dollars. I soon found, hov.'ever, that one horse would be unequal to the requirements of this extensive mission, especially with such bad roads. I had, therefore, to sell the horse at some Joss, and to purchase a pair at a cost of 180.00 dollars. The harness cost 38.00 dollars, the saddle, etc., IJ.OO dollars; and lately I have had to buy a cutter, to uso during the winter instead of a carriage, at a cost of 3().00 dollars ; in all these items the Company, I understand, have kindly consented to bear half the expense. " 7. I liave had a shed built for tlie oxen, and will hencefortli carry out the wish of the Committee respecting their use, and will reader an account of receipts and expenditure. " 8. I am mu(!h obliged for the letter to Mr. Gilkison. He informed me lately that there was something informal about the deed for the glebe, and by iustruuLioub from the Department, it has to be brought r, : r Si i:!' m i/t| ! !l : VM I a „ 1 218 ORANii RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. again boforo the Indian Council. Ho will attend to this matter, and also to the suggestion about the improvement of roads. " Parocuiai. Work. " The Indians seem to appreciate my visits from house to liouso, and I feel encouraged by tlie reception which I everywhere meet with ; they like to know that they are cared for, and this care for tliem operates as an incentive to them to care for tliemselves, and to stimulate them to attend more diligently to those things that pertain to their present and future welfare. There is mucli visiting that I can only accomplish on foot, and on Sundays I use the liorscs as little as possible. At any time when walking is practicable, I prefer it to being dragged tlirough mud- holes of alarming depth, but in most cases the distances are too great for walking, and the roads are so bad as to render it anything but easy and pleasant. A few Sundays ago, I set out to go to a distant sclioul-houso for service ; I liad a pair of substantial boots on which came over my trousers and up as far as my knees ; the boots when I set out had a beautiful polisli, but before I had proceeded a quarter of a mile, they were in a very changed condition, and by the time I readied tlie school- liouse, I presented a most singular appearance. I was, however, in a more dreadful plight before I arrived at the parsonage again, for dark- ness overtook us, and we could not choose our way. I miglit have at- tempted the journey on horseback, but I feared the possibility of tlie horse sticking in the mud. " It was my melancholy duty last week to commit to the grave the mortal remains of a young woman from the Mohawk Institution, who died of consumption. She was an orphan, had been in the Institution several years, and was just completing her education there, when the fatal disease, wliicli had been manifest for some time, rapidly increased and terminated in her death. She wa brought from the Institution to some relations in my parish about a fortnight before she died. She was a most interesting young person, of a very kind and amiable disposition, and above all she was a true follower of Christ. ** Ever since her confirmation, I am told she liad been a regular and devout communicant, and came every sacrament Sunday to Kanyungeh church to receive the Holy Communion. She was hero on the sacrament Sunday previous to her removal from the Institution, and on the next occasion, which was her last Sabbath on earth, being then confined to her bed, she made a request that I should administer to her once more the Holy Sacrament of tlie Lord's Supper, wliich 1 did to her soul's com- fort. I saw her the night previous to her deatli ; I read and talked to her and offered up prayer, and left her in a happy state of mind, fully 1871.] KANYUNUEH STATION, 219 prepared for the change which bo speedily occurred to her. Had her life been spared and prolonged, she might have been very useful to her people, but God ihouglit it best to take her to llimsclf. " In looking at the bright Hide of this mission, there is much that is encouraging, but tliere is a dark side at wliich I am compelled to lotik — a very dark side wliicli is most discouraging ; and as I became more fully acquainted witii the real stuto of tlio mission as a whole, I was appalled at the magnitude of the task that I had unconsciously under taken ; and I must candidly confess that when I received from the Com- mittee letters of such an unsatisfactory tone, indicating somolhing like unfriendly feeling, I began to regret that ever we left our mission in the north, or at least that wc had ever undertaken this mission. The last letter from the Committee was a little more encouraging, though not quite satisfactory. I am not afraid of work, and it is contrary to my principles to succumb to diillculties, but I want all tlie sympathy and encouragement the Company can give, and then with God's blessing I am conlident that success will bo ac'iieved. " On Christmas Day we had a larger gathering of Indians for Divine service than ever I had before see.i anywhere. The cliurch, which is very tastefully decorated, was cro*vded to its utmost capacity. We had full morning service, and a sermon appropriate to the sacred occasion from Luke ii. 10, which was listened to most attentively, and, as I have been since informed, was liighly appreciated. I baptized three children, and administered the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's ISupper to about 100 communicants. A small organ was procured j'l" <«'"'•> which was presided at by an Indian, who played it very creditably. It is too small for the church, but it gave us great assistance in singing, and allorded much pleasure to the Indians, who are now very anxious to liave a larger one ; Mrs. Chance has collected for this purpose, from the whole people at Brantford, and from Indians on the Ileserve, 100 dollars, and we hope that the Company will kindly make ua a grant for this object. " Report of the Schools. "Kanyungeh school (No. B), taught by Miss Crombie, is the chief school in point of numbers. In Miss Crombie's report for this quarter, the total number of children is given as 74. The highest attendance 65, the lowest 21, and average iJB. I find, however, that 18 children attended school less than ten days during the quarter, several only one day, and some belonging to the districts of, and have their names re- corded on the lists of No. 7 and No. 3 schools, but who are occasionally given to wandering. No. 8 school, however, has by fur the largest at- tendance. ' i; Y ■■ yl 220 UKAND IIIVEH OK TUSCAROIIA RESERVE. •JlJ [1871. " Miss Crombio is vory attentive to the scliool, and is anxious for its prosperity, but slie lacks firmness, and fails to exorcise necessary disci- pline. I held a public examination in all the schools last week, and invited the parents and trustees to be present. Miss Crombie's school has made considerable progress since my last public examination, and in some branches, such as geography and grammar, which were neg- lected before. Mrs. Chance suggests that at Miss Crombie's and Miss Diamond's schools, sewing, knitting, etc., should be taught, as most of the girls can never expect to go to the Mohawk Institution, where those arts are taught ; and she would also recommend that an increase of salaiy be given to Miss Crombie as having the largest school to teach, and the most onerous duties to perform. " For ray own part I think that the sum of 200 dollars is too small for any qualified teacher, especially when lodging is to be poid for. The Committee have not yet favoured me with their decision with re- ference to a now house for the teacher at Kanyungeh school. There is a frame building in the bush not far from the school-house, which the owner has ottered to sell, and to remove to a knoll near the school- house, for 50 dollars, and wliicli, when lathed and plastered ond par- titioned, woidd make a good dwelling-house ; but as these necessary improvements could not be effected this winter, I would rather propose that a neat cottage be built next spring. " No. 7 School. " Miss Diamond's report is not so full and particular as that of Miss Crombie's. The total number of children is 29 ; the average number of atieudance, judging from our frequent visits, is about 18. In tlio following branches of reading, spelling, and arithmetic, I found the children to be at the examination superior to the children in any of tlio otlicr three schools. They have also made good progress in other branches, including geography and grammar, only taught during this quarter. I availed myself of the opportunity to address the parents and the only trustee present on the importance of education, and urged upon them the necessity of supplying the school with desks, of whicli there are only two, and those not very suitable. There is also a great want of maps, which I suppose the Company will autliorizc mo to supply. The teacher, children, and parents are much encouraged. Miss Diamond confessed, by the increased interest taken in the school by Mrs. Chance and myself. " No. 3 School. " The teacher, Mr. Moses Martin, reports the total number of children to be 44, but the average attendance is not more tliau 10. Thert has 1871.] KANYUNOEU STATION. 221 Leon a general improvemont in tliis nohool, and at tlio examination I was much pleased with the prof»rosrt they liaii made in the English language, which is of great importance, and should be taught more diligoutly in all tlie schools; hut it must be very slow and dilfi cult work to tcacli English when the teachers do not understand the Indian langTiage. Tlioro is the same want of desks and maps here as in No. 7 School. The people propose to build a new scliool -house in the spring, and I would recommend a grant for their assistance. " No. 2 School. " The new school-house is now finished, and is very comfortable and suitably furni.shod with desks, one good map of tlie world, and a new blackboard. The total number of children is 52, and average attend- ance 2C>. Some of the parents and all three of the trustees were present at the examination, the result of wliich. I am sorry to say, was not very satisfactory. Some of the cliildren read, spell, and write pretty well, but only one can read in tlie Ith Book and there were none who could do a sura in simple subtraction correctly, and only two boys knew any- tliing of grammar and geography. Tlie teacher, Mr. George Martin, is a native, and quite qualified to toacli the ordinary branches of education, and seems anxious for tiie progress of tlie ehihheu ; but he complained that the children were very imperfectly instructed when ho took charge of the school, and in arithmetic he had to put tlie furthest advanced back into addition. I have no doubt that more satisfactory progress will be made during the next quarter, oa the teacher is detormiued to have Ills school in better condition. " In conclusion, I would remark that as yet Mrs. Chance's inquiry as to a small grant for a Christmas-tree has not been replied to. How- ever, hoping to receive a favourable reply, we propose giving the children a treat at all the schools. Instead of a Christmas-tree at one school, wo intend during the holidays to have a sort of tea-party, and the dis- play of the wonders of the magic-lantern, witli suitable addresses at all the schools. " The people in the neighbourhood of Thomas's school-house repre- sent to me that there are fifty children left destitute of the means of education, and urgently appeal for the appointment of a teacher. I hope the Committee will take this appeal into thei/consideration. " If the vacancies which will soon occur in tlie higher schools are to be filled up, I hope I shall be allowed the pi-ivilege, equally with the other missionaiiiis, of recommending candidates. " Jamks Chanck." •i I il 'I' ' I'i Hi ': I i! J?22 nilAND RIVBR OR TCSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. The Committee, on the application of the Ilcv. James Chance, granted tlO towards an organ for his church ; tlicy also granted £2 to Mrs. Chance for her Christmas-tree. They also granted to Mrs. Chance a salary of £30 per annum for her services in superintending the schools. The following letter from the Rev. James Chance was re- ceived February 5th, 1872 : — " January iruh, 1872. " In accordant! with the intention mentioned iu my last letter, we had, durin;,' the Cliristmas holidiiys, a tea-party for the cliilih-en in every school. Tiic (ihildren and parents were adilressed by myself and the trustees of the respeetive schools, and I feel confident that sucdi enter- tainments and aildreases cannot fail to promote the cause of education, but must necessarily tend to increase in the minds of all the Indians a sense of its value and importance. I am sorry to confess that after six months' experience my opinion is, that education has been made too cheap among the Indians, and they value or undervalue it accordingly. They are in some measure like ourselves, a commercial people, and they value things prett)' nnioh in the same light as we do ; that is, according to their cost-price, and what costs notbiiig is lightly regarded. I was half amused and partly grieved by a question asked by one of the trus- tees of No. H School, in November last, as to whether I was intending to have a Christmas-tree to encourage the parents. The grand objects in view iu all the entertauiments recently given were to interest the children, and to remove the false impression, wherever it lingered, that the parents were conferring a favour upon the teachers or superiuten- dents by sending their children to school, and by convincing them of the innnenso value of education, and the magnitude of the favour con- ferred by having it freely imparted to their children. " Some of the more intelligent and prosperous parents at the different schools contributed, at our request, some provisions towards the onter- taiuiueuts, • * * • * :|: " I read the reports, mentioned the number of days every boy and girl had attended during the quarter, and made my comments. Prizes of suitable books were awarded to tliose children who had been most regular in their attendance, and made the greatest progress. The won- ders of the magic-lantern were exhibited, and explanations of the various animals and other things which formed the different views were given. The schoolrooms were crowded with the children, parents, and friends. 1872.] KANYUNGKII STATION. 223 and all wore intcnsnly del if,'lito(l. Tho last vinwprosnnted in ovpryRchoDi Wiis that of luTj,Tapinu3 Mnjtjsty tho Qiinen on her thronfl ; and whon tlu) national anthoin was started, all joined in tho sin^fing as heartily and enthusiast irally aa any of her Majesty's stibjeota could have dono in any part of tho duminion. " I enclose a copy of tho routine for the present year. " llefore the teachers reooniinenced their duties wo had a Teachers' Meetin;? a', the parsona},'e, when I cxi'laincd tho rontino, and in what manner and to what extent tho dilVerent subjects could he tau;,'ht. It is cxceediiifjly desirable that tho character of the cducatio!i in tho Bchools on the Reser\'c should bo raised, and made eqnal to that given in tho common schoids of the country. None of tlie pre.sout teachers are qualified to impart such an education, none of them having been educa- ted and trained fur that purpose. • ••••* " I would most respectfully suggest that some young Indians of promising talent and aptitude for teaching be .sent to the Nonniil Seho(d in Tonmto. Trained whi/e teachers will not come for the salary offured ; and I should much prefer fruiued Iiiilians, who would have tho immense advantage of speaking Indian and Knglitih. " Jamts Chance." The following paper was eiielosed in Mr. Chance's letter : — and " Routine for the New Emjland Comitamja SeliDula in the Kninju>'jeh District. Lessons from the Holy Scriptures Daily. English Language . . . Daily. English Speaking . . . Monday. Wednesday, and IViduy. Reading Daily. Writing in Copy-lJooka . Once every day. Spelling Daily. Grammar Wednesday and Friday. Dictation Thursday. Arithmetic Daily. Mental Arithmetic . . Tuesday and Thursday. Geography Monday and Wednesday. History (^Vncient and Modem) Tuesday. Natural History . . . Thursday. Natural Science . . . Friday. i ,■■: I f \'i 224 ORAND RITER OR TC8CAR0RA RESERVE. [1872. Nos. 7 and 8 Schools : •■ Sewing and Knitting . . Monday and Friday. School hours from o'clock to 12, and from 1 oVlock to 4. Schools to be opened and closed by singing and prayer. " By request of the Superintendent, " James Chance." On the 8th February, 1872, the Committee wrote to the Rev. James Chance, requesting his opinion as to the materials required whieli would be necessary in order to establish the teaching of sewing and knitting at Miss Crombie's and Miss Diamond's schools, and their cost ; also as to giving gratuities to the teachers in consideration of their undertak- ing this further duty, and also as to their remuneration generally. The following letter of the Rev. James Chance was received 18th April, 1872 :— " Fabsonaob, Nkwpoet, P.O., Brant County, March 30M, 1872. " I am exceedingly obliged to the Committee for their very kind and encouraging letter of February 8th. I was influenced thereby to undertake the permanent charge of this arduous mission; and re- lying upon the encouragement promised by the Committee, ai:d de- pending upon the Diviiio Blessing, I hope for a gooil measure of success. " I will now proceed to reply to the particular points contained in ili3 letter as they occur. " Tlio Christmas-trees to the cliildren in the four schools were juanngcd so as not to bo expensive to the Company, and yet ac- complish the end in view. A few dollars only for buns, tea, sugar, and apples, and about four or five dollars for prize books, to be charged in the stationer's half-yearly account. " There is a large number of children living at a considerable distance from Thomas's school-house, and who cannot possibly attend the Council-house School. The parents of those cliildren are willing to pay a portion of a teacher's salary. " If the people in that section are x^dliing to contribute eomctliing towards the support of a teacher, others cannot reasonably object to a small payment. The school at the Coimcil-lmuso has been closed two 1872.] LANVUXOEH STATION. anrl were ac- days (luring the quarter for want of wood ; and this fact n>ny possibly be regarded as a proof of their hvirk of appreciatioti of the udvuni.'ges of education, and as predicting their unwillingness to contribute anything towards its support. Notwithstanding tliis, liowever, my opinion is that if education was made le.'^s cheiip, and if a small weekly t)r monthly payment is established, tlie value and importance of educa- tion would thereby be raised in the estimation of the Indians, Since writing the above we Ijave had a teacher's meeting at the parsonage, ,ind discussed, among other matters, tlie advisability nnd practicalulity of establishing and procuring a small monthly payment from the parents towards the education of their children. Tlie teachers agree that the parents ought to pay something, but they are evidently un- willing to undertake tlie responsiblity of r(>commcnding the adoption of that policy. It would, indeed, be so novel and strange, after so much has been done for them in the way of education gratuitously for so many years, that if one was more anxious about present per- sonal popularity than the ultimate good of the Indians, he would be slow to advocate it. My strong convicti(m, however, is that it would have a good effect, and the difficulty of its adoption is lessened by the professed willingness of the people in one section to carry it out. " The teacher of Kanyngch school is incompetent to give any further instruction to the Indian l)oy under my charge, and I give liiiu daily lessons at tiie parsonage, awaiting your further instructions. His name is Jihn Naliwakezhik ; his father was sent to Toronto, to learn the trade of a blacksmith, wliicli tra;!o he is now following in the north. He has married again, and has now another young family. The mother of John Nahwakezhili was a very respectable Indian woman, and a very consistent an I exemplary Christian. On her deathbed she manifested much anxiety about her three young children, and said she should be more willing to depart if she could take her youngest child especially along with her; but when I reminded her of God's promises to the lirphans, and of His faithfulness and love, slie became perfectly composed an, atid doduot the amount from tho account of oloarin<». I havo lately had tho oxon and two moil cloarinj^ away honpa of old brush which woro lying in dangerous proximity to tho i>arsonago. In tho Hwalo hotwoon tho (tarsonago and tho Concession lino, thoro is a largo number of stun)|is, roots, and logs yet to clear away. "Jamks Cmasok," Report of Kanyungeh Mission from Januart/ \st to March 31«/, 1872. " These consist as usual of services in the church in the morning, and at ono of two school-honsns in distant parts of the mission alternately, every afternoon. The attendance is generally very largo and encourng- ing, arid as God's holy word is faithfully preached, whic^h, according to Ili.s iiromiso will not return void, but prosper abundantly, and ac- complish His gracious purpose, I have strong reason to liope that much good is etfocted. There is a Sunday-schoid held in the church every Sunday afternoon, tnidcr tho superintondoncc of Mrs. Chance. " r.\RociirAi, W'oiiK. "Wo have had ahont six weeks of excellent sleighing since New Year's Day, nnd during that time Mrs. Chance and I avaih'd ourselves of the splendid travelling to visit our scattered people, every day almost being occupied in this way. We followed St. Paul's custom in visiting from house to house, and had reading, exhortation, and prayer wherc- ever we could do so with acceptance. The pagans seem to have been unfavourably impressed with tho idea that a great effort is to be made for their conversion to Christianity, and this has prompted resistance, and incited the leading pagans to renew rites and ceremonies that were becoming extinct. The sacrifice of a wliitc dog was offered in tlie [1872, 1872.] KANYUNCJKII STATION. 227 lower pari, of tlin U'wnrvo rcrnntlv. niid corr»ispf>iit ilistrirl, I iini not, liowt^vtu', diKcitiira^nd tluToby, hilt roiniiin ooiifidiMit tliiit if wino luid disfTorit inoftsnn-s iiro iidoplod and riirri(!d out, tliiiir ftpparnnt hostility to tho reciiptioii of OhriHtianity will itcaan. 'I'lirro must ho a rpiicit yot oariirat workinj^, with iiicoHHant prayor to AIirii;,'lity Cioil ; and in II in own (,'ood tinns, tho paj^ans will ho convortffl, ndfcirnMl, ricture8 taken from illustrated newspapers or Ixmks. One was a re- presentation of li(T Majesty the (^ueen pnssentin;,' a liihle t(» an Eastern ambassador, in answer to his iu'iuiry as to tho Hource of i')n;rland's f»reatness, wealth, and prosperity. I recollected the incident, and expatiated upon it, whilst they libtened very attentively and with much apparent interest. " I regret to Bay that sickness has been very prevalent this winter, and death durin<; tho month of .January made gniat havoc, especially among the children. Smallpox made its appearance at Onondaga and Krantford, and I lost no time in warning the Indians, and urging them to he vaccinated. Dr. Doc visited tho Hchools and vaccinated tho children, an licen removed, the land cleared and l>lonf,'hed, pint of wliicli has heen seeded down for a lawn, and part nnide into a llower-pirden in front of llu? narsonnf:;e, in whieh ({garden) tlow(>rs of dilleront kinds and viiiinns lines an; displaying their beauty and sending,' fortli a rofreshin-; and exi|uisi(o fra;4ranco. Tho hroluMi hricks, refuse of lime and sand, and earth from tho excavations of tho eellar and eisterns, which were lyin^ along tho sides of tho parsonage and in oflbnsivo proximity to tlie hack door, have btien taken away, ami tho spaco now occupied by small fruit-trees, strawberry plants, etc. The whole is enclosed from (he icst of the gleho by a noat f»!nce, which has been recently painted by ourselvt'S and Indian workmen. About (wo acres of land at tlie back part of tho glebe, iM-yond whero the barn now stands, liave been enclosed from the remnant of tho glebe, which serves as a small pasturage for a kitclu>n-gnrden and orchard, which I have planted nt consith-rable personal labour and expense. Tho fruit- trees aro very choice ones, procured from lliimilton. Tho whole glebo has beeu enclosed by a substantial snake fence down to the ('oncession ; along the front I proposed having a board fence, but for lack of suitable lumber the fence consists of boards only for a sliort distance on cither siile of the enlrarco g.itt. Tiie parsonage Uixd promises aro now in good order to a very desirable extent, creditable to the New England Company and a pattern to the Indians in tho neighbourhood, who have already been intlueuced to nnike improvements in their own houses and gardens, which, I must C(.Ui"f\ss, were mnch needed. " The moral and religious improvement may not bo so manifest, yet I have reason to thank God that some progress has been really made. I liave established a Wednesday evening service, nn additional Sunday service, and two Sunday-schools in ditlcrent pait.s of the mission 1872.J KANYUNGRII STATION. 23J iM'sidns tliiit nt Kiiii5'iinf»oli ; ami I liiivo orRttiiizcd a Toinporanre hociuty. Tlio uttciidaiico at Knnynii^,'«li Cliurcli is vory good, and tlio Hohoul-houKcd aro I'iIIimI to ovortlowin^', aiwl sonic liavu to roinain oiitNido. Iiiluiii[)t!ran<;t) and adiillory aru thn two cliitif viccB provalont anion<{ tlio Indians. Tlio nnnilnir of illogitimatu children is lar;;n coniparativuly, and yoiin;* pcoplo not only indnljj;o in socrot illicit inttircoursu, but livo opouly tofjjotliur boloro boin;.? married, and apparently williont any sonso of sill or shanio, tlioii<{h tliry arc nominal Christians. The cases of coiiniibiiil inlidclily, separation, and Hulmcqucnt ooliabilation with others aru nuniurons and painl'nl, rcKnlliji|( in much unhnppincss and confusion, but I trust iu God that a great cliango fur the luttter is buiiig elFected. "The day schools on Iho lieservc in this district roccivn the attention of Mrs. (Jhaiice and myself. As 1 have made arrangements to comply with the re<|ueMt of the Comniitteo in sending the Teacher's lleports, I need not nniko any very lengthened renmrks. Tin? fonns which the liev. Mr. Roberts had printed arc somewhat defective, and were only inlendttd for his own mission. 1 liave had some printed that will ans\^er the purposes of all the missions ; tht; forms will simplify and facilitate the labour of the teachers in lurnishing theConmiitteo wilhafuU report. The llev. Mr. Elliot has applied for and received forty copies out of the hundred which I had printed. The attendance at the day schools is mu<-h better now than it was a short time since. The teacher at No. 7 Schoid has liad tlirin«vl very nntidy, wh«>n Mr. \Vo(lj»o canio fo have an interview with inn. I planted Honio griipe-vint'H and honrysncklcs. In tins aftt-rnoon Mrs. C'lianro and I visited No. 7 School and several Indinii faniilios. retiirnin;^' home down tho llvd liinc, whicii is in a rearl'iil tttatc, and the horses nearly slui It iu tliu mud holua. " Snturdtiij, IH/A. — Finished tho notes which I ho^^an to prepare hist iiijjht for my sennons to-morrow. Mrs. Chanco and Johnnit; went to Urantford. Thoy brought hack two boxes of sufjar — fine — „mhij. and eako, whieh tho Indians at (larden Hiver had s(Mit to us hy express, as a pro. pent, and to assiiro us that they hiul imt for;,'otten us. I read tho ticws, and attended to somu correspondence, and fully prepared for the Sahhath. " Whit Sunthiif, Mill/ VMh. — Tho rain, bo much needed, poured down ahunduntly durin<; tho nii^ht, and a<^'iiin tliis morning. I thanked God for it, and prayed caniostly for copious Hhowers of refreshing grace, a largo outpouring of His Holy Spirit whoso miraculous descent upon the Apostlea we tliis day commemorato. The congregation, owing to tho raiu and state of the roada, was not as largo as usual. I preached from Koiaans 8 cli. 9 v. Tho rain (;eased whils', we were in church, and I had lino weather to go to Thomas's school-house, where there was an overllowing congregation. I preached from Acts lil ch. u v. Tlie roads were vorj' muddy, and I had a hard walk home ; it was, however, a de- lightful evening after the rain. I enjoyed the rest verj* much after u hard day's work. Itead ' Theology of Christ,' by Thompson. "June nth, Monifui,. -Wo put up the eave- troughs in front of tho verandah, where all the water from the fnmt roof of the parsonage was ac- customed to pour down, and was not only wasted, but did .some dumag*;. We painted them with the paint mixed by Noble for priming the Vene- tian shutters, and for painting the boards used in covering up the front of the verandah, which matches the other paint. Gohaze Carpenter came to see me, and rcmaiiiad to tea. ^Yo aftenvarda went to the temperance meeting, which was pretty well attended. " Tueaday, \Hth. — Went out visiting with interpreter. Called at No. 7 School and gave a lesson. Visited several families, and had much interesting conversation, chietl}', but not exclusively, on religious sub- jects. I asked one fine-looking young married ?.';:nau, a professing Christian, why her brother was a pagan, and sae said ' he had been baptized, but went back to the pagans, because there was not enough ' I !■■ m i'-m 11 :;i it 1 i; n 238 OIIAND RIVER OR fUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. rain one soason.' Saw a number of persons playinp at ball. Spoke to Rome who were loi^king r,a, and urged thera to send their children to the Sunday-school. " Wednesiltiif, lfl {^IikI to hnir tliat tlio IndiiuiH liavt; niiidu gri'iit iniprovcmtnts «)n t^onio of tliu roadH Huh HuninuT. "Jamkh ('nAN(;i:." " P.S. — July 1(>. — Tlio I^oiird mot yostordiiy, Itiit no siiccinl nunilion is miido in (lioir n']uirt iis to tlio qiinlificulionsof Miss ('iir)ii'nti'r. 'i'linu) of tlio missioiiiiii(\s, liowovcr, wt^rc of tlio opinion that hIm- is full}' com- ])ott'nt to nndi'italio tlio dntics of (lio licst school on tlic Ucscrvc, liut «>iio of tho Hoard disscnttnl, and constujncnily no six-cial npoit was nnidc : Imt this was a niislalu>, the ISoanl should hnvc mcnlioncd tho opinion of the mnjorily in (heir report. It is niosi reasonable to expect that, after Miss Carpenter has enjoyed all the advantaj^'cs of the Mohawk Institution, an.l all the advantie^es of Tlellnnith Ladies' C'ollef.,'e diirin;^ n period tif three years, from which ("ollej,'e she has received valuiihlc pri/.us, sho is oomptitent to tuuch school. " Jamms CinNcr.." The foUowinpj letter from the llev. James Cliaiiec mus rc- ceivcil Oetober 22iu\, 1872 :— " IvANVrNORU PAnSONAOr, " Oclob rHfh, 1872. " Purinj; the last threo months AFra. Chanro and I havo heen almost incessantly occu])ieil in visitinj» tho Indians and schools, except when I paid a visit to Ciarden River and Tort Hope, and then my duties here were performed by other cler^'ymon. An occasional holidiiy is as n< pes- sary l\)r tho clergy as for the laity, and more especially lor missionaries who are hibouriiij^ amonj^st a peoplo, in some moasuro uncivilized, and living in nnhealiby localities. An occasional change and rest for such missionaries areiudisprnsably requisite for their well being and well iloiiig. The brief visits alluded to, however, were not for my own pleasure orprolil, and afforded no desirable rest. I was anxious to pay a visit to my lato mission in company witli Mrs. Chance and .some members of my family, during the abseiico of my successor, the Kov. Iv 1'. Wilson, who had gone to England in tlie spring, and who had previously written to mo on the subject, but the res amjnstil ifomi prevemod us. Ileceiving, how- ever, a very urgent appeal from tho InJinus at Oardon Eiver to visit them, in order to minister to them in spiritual things, especially us ono of their number — a very valued friend who hud aocompanied me in most of m . misMonary tours — was dying of consumption, I (bought it my duty, if possible, to respond to their appeal. A.s tho vacation at tho 1872.] KANYUNUKII STATION. 211 most i> r I'll- ■«'S- luii'S iiiid Mli'll .til, lilt; iiy. 111(1 1110 l()\V- i'isit (11)0 ill my Iho Mohawk IiiHtitutJon had comnionood, tlic Hc.v. ('uiioii N(;lloa was at lihorty, and kindly iindortook my diiti(>s licrc, and tlio iiiiittfr of oxpoitHo I Hiniply l(>n. in tlio liaiidn of (tod, who I know would roimy mo. I had II most (Cordial wclo.onu! from th(! pooph) at (iiirdon River, wlio woro do- li^litod Ix^yond nnuisitro tlial I liad rttspiiiidcd to Ihtir iippoal. f wtiH just in tinieen •tleeted, and as my lot has h(!on oast anioiij,' tins Sis NiitioiiH IndiHns, I liopo that I shall in timo ho to thom what I waa to tho Indians at (lanhMi Hiver. (.)w. immonso disadvaiilaj^'o and groat hindraiiit! to suecess hero is, that tho Indiiins aro soKcatt^'red, and somo of tli(!m soom to follow tho instinot of hirds in huilding their houses in Iho most Hocliided phious, almost inaoc< ihlc to the uiiinitiatod, and tlioKtf cirouinstanecs nocissitato mnoh travelling, hy inoans of a earriage and on horsehack and on foot, mid that frofpiontly of tho most unplea- sant character, owing to tho wietohed condition of the roads, lines, lanes and paths. " Tho mission hoing so extensive, and the population so scattered, I cannot organize those meetings for old and young which are so useful in an ordinary parish, and I am suhject to so many interruptions from cases of sickness and other rau.ses, that it is almost impossihle to adhere to any regular sy.steni (pf vi.siting. On Friday last, for instance, I had arranged to visit in tho Eastern parts of my mission, and just as I was Betting out I was summoned to the extreme North-West to minister to one in n dying state. On my return, however, after somo refreshment, I and my interpreter set out again East ; I visited No. 'i Scliool and several families which specially needed ray ministrations. My duties on Sunday last were somewhat out of the ordinary way, owing to the prevalence of sickness to an extraordinary extent. I had ,a funeral at ^m '\\%. 212 OKANn RIVRR Oil TUSCAIIORA UKSRUVR. [1872. !■: i toil o'clock, nftcrwftnls full morning sorvico ami Kcrinon, then tho nd- ininistration of tho Holy Sncriuncnt of tho Lord h Hiippor to n largo iinnihcr of connnimiciints. As I was Iciiviiig tlio chnn^h, I rccoivod a Kunniioiis to iittcnd n person diingcrously ill ; I haers(ins in ojiposito directions, who licing unahlo to attend church, would havo felt very much tho loss of that great privilege. In addition to Iheso re(pusitions, there ^as another Korvico to ho porfornjcd in a school house three miles distant ; hut with- out the aid of a catechist, it would havo hoen ntterly impossihlo to dis- charge those duties. In performing my part I was overtaken by a Hcvcro thunderstorm, tho rain poured down in torrents almost, and I was perfectly drenched. " At the end of tho summer vacation wo had the annual School Pic- nic at Kanynngeh, to which all thusidorod the most successful entertainment over yiveu at Kany- ungeh. " A few Sundays ago, we liad a visit from another l''nglish clergj'man, tho Rev. 11. W lueaves. one of (he members of the General Committee of tho C. and C. Ch. Society, who preached for mo. He afterwards expressed himself n\uch pleased with the prcofs ho had witnessed of the temporal and spiritual prosperity of the Iiidiiuis. " On Wednesday hist I attended tho annual festival of tho oldest Temperance Society on the llesorve, which was held at School No. 8, and I was glad to avail myself of tho opportunity to advocate a cause calculated to accomplish so much good Intemperance is a monstrous evil among the Indians, and uudor its inllucuco tho most dreadful crimes have been committed. " James Chance." Copy, received October 30tli, of a letter addressed by the Rev. James Chance to the School Teachers iu his Superinten- dcncy : — "The Fabsonaob, Kantdnoeh, October lOth, 1872. '' Dear Friends, — I have to inform you that the New England Com- 4 1872.] KANYUNOKIi STATION. 243 pany havo lately expressed their dissatiHfaction at tho irregular attend- once of many of the children in your respective schools, aH recorded in your Quarterly Hi-ports, and I rej^rnt very much tlmt tho reports for tlie last quarter are not more satisfactory. Durinj^ the quarter ending June .'lOlh thorc were at No. 2 School 1(! children who attended lesu than 12 days, at No. 3 School IH, at No. 7 School 14, and at No. H School 21, which is less than one-fifth of tlie whole time. And whilst [ admit that tho entire hlamo of this irregularity of attendance cannot justly he imputed to you, yet, at tho same time, I think you might havo exertci a greater effort in favour of greater regularity. I would therefore respectfully usk you to co-opcrato with mo in endeavouring to impress the minds of parents and children more deeply with the vast importance and great ndvantages of learning, so that there nmy he not only increased regu- larity of attendance, but also a duo appreciation of tlio value of educa- tion, and so that at no very distant period tho Indians may willingly and cheerfully contribute something towards its .support. At present, the erroneous idea, that in sending their children to school they confer a great favour upon tho teachera or superintendent, or upon tho New England Company, is too prevalent in the minds of some people, and any practice which tends to encourage that idea kIvmiM ho at once and for ever abandoned ; and wc must combine in our efTods to establish in tho minds of the Indians a deep sense of the inestimable value of education, and to convince them that it is not only worth luiving, but worth supporting, anil then our educational enterprise amongst them will bo crowned with desirable success. It is someliiries necessary for teachers to guard against an inordinate desire for what is commonly called popularity, which in some cases is attended by the most un- happy results. Tho most popular teacher is not necessarily the best, or the most useful and successful ; that popularity which is gained at the expense of good order and discipline, so essential to the prosperity of a scliool, deserves to be condemned, but that which is obtained by a faithful, diligent, conscientious, and satisfactory performance of duly is considerable. Those are considered the best teachers who are most pro- ficient in knowledge, who posscas and exhibit the greatest aptitude for communicating it to otiiers, who manifest an unbending an inflexible determination to govern tho schools entrusted to their care, by enforcing due order and maintaining proper and wholesome discipline — who at tho same time command the respect of the children, secure the largest and most regular attendance, achieve the greatest results in tho superior advancement of their scholars, and who inculcate tho strictest economy consistent with desirable efficiency in the use of school apparatus. " It is expected that the articles of clothing made in }'our respective k2 1 i i y i i i < ! i 1 J ! 1 i 1 ' \ V 1 i i ' 1 -'' 1 1 ^ m ^ifim 211. OUAND RIVER OR TUSCARCR.V RESERVE:. [1872. schools slioultl br soM fi)r a price ^vlli(!ll will cover at least the expense of iiintcrials. Prizes iimst heiu^eforth he ouly awarded at stated tiincji, anil then publicly ami strictly according to merit, as ascertained by examination. " Jamf.h Chance, " Superintendent and missionary" Oil the lOtli Dcccml;cr, 1S72, the Committee wrote to the Kcv. James Chance as follows : — " The Committee read with much satisfaction the letter which you addressed on the 10th October last to the school teachers in your superjntendency. I am desired to convey to you their special thanks for the excellent advice and sound views which it contains, and to ex- press their hope that it will have its due effect in increasing the regu- larity of the attendance of tlic children at th3 schools. The Committee suggest that this important result may in some measure be promoted by an announcement that invitations to the school fca.sts will in future be limited to those children who attend school witli regularity, and to the parents and friends of such children only." * * * • * * The following is the Rev. Jas. Chance's quarterly Journal, ending 31st December, 1872 : — " In making the following extracts, I would observe that the journal of one week in the month will adequately represent the character and extent of my missionary and parocliial work, engagements, and cccupa- tions during that month, but some of the incidents and particulars recorded in those weeks may be more interesting than others, huuce their selection :— " Oct. l^lli, Siinddi/.'—A. very gloomy looking day after the rnin, which has rendered liio travelling most uncomfortable; it was just that sort of weather whif^h indifferent and lukewarm people in religi >n could plead, without much compunction of coDscicnce, as an excuse for not going to church. I performed three fu^' services and preached three sermons ; one at Kanyungeh, one at -iartfoot's Bchool-house, and a tliird at Hunter's. It was nine o'clock when I returned to the parsonage, in a state of some exhaustion. " Monday, \Wi. — I felt much refreshed this morning, and after attending to some necessary corrospoudence, I went out to visit the sick ; the wife of Moses Martin is still an invalid and confined to her bed ; they were dissatisfied witli the treatment uf Dr, Dee, the medical 1872.] KANYUNOEH STATION. 215 officer of Iho Indian Dopartincnt, and sent for n Dr. Marquis, from Mount Pleasant, wlio differs in liis diagnosis very importantly from Dr. Dee ; and aa it seems a very diflicult ca.so, I proposed calling in (in eminent medical man from IJnintford. Mrs, Martin is a very superior person, and both Mrs. Cliance and myself take a very deep intt rost in lier welfare. I had reading and prayer with her before I left, and ' spread ' her case before tlie Lord. " Tuendai/, 15//t. — We had our firs^t snowstorm this morning, and the weather was most unpropilious for visitinj;; nevertheless, my in- terpreter and I went out to visit the sick and others, and to cxamino the Council-house school. Wo paid ten visits and walked about ten miles through places, some of which are inaccessible except on foot in Indian file. Quo of the filthiest and most wrctclied habitations I ever entered was one of those which I visited to-day ; it belongs to the cliief ' Fiddler ' of the Six Nations, but judging from app'jitrances liis occupa- tion must be a most unrcinunerative one, or lie must be a very dissi- pated and extrav.ngant indiviilual. His hal)itatinn is a misorablo hiilf- built shniity, and tiiat in a very advanced sfati)irati(iu and closo my mouth and nose, and to shut my eyes for a ti;Me, whilst the tears trickled down my distorted face ; win n I again viiitnred to open my ej'cs and look around, l discovciid fat I can scarcely go in any direction whatsoever in my mission without meeting with pain- ful cases of that character. Men (sometimes for the most trivial causes) leave their lawful wives, and women leave tiioir lawful husbands, and cohabit with others, married and unnianic;!, which results iu the most lamentable confusion amongst families, and in the degradation and demo- ralization of their offsprings. I am referring now, not to pagans, who of course approve of such practices, but of nominal Christians of different denominations ; and the Indians seem to have no sense of shame or disgrace about the matter. Apart from any direct religious influence, there is the moral influence of society, and a fear of legal consequences which operate more or less effectually to prevent tlie prevalence of such evils amongst white people, but, unfortunatcl)', no such influence is exercised or felt to any desirable extent amongst the Indians. It is the bounden duty of every Christian minister to condemn and oppose to the utmost of his power such demoralizing iiTcgularities and grossly immoral practices, and I am, for my part, resolved by God's grace to discharge my duty faitlifully in this matter, fearless of any amount of human or inhuman indignation I niny incur thereby. " Suturdiiy, Oct. in. — It was intensely cold this morning, nevertheless two men came from Urantford to work at the church. Owing to some defect the llooring had sunk ; and owing to the imperfect state of the conducting troughs at the chancel end, the roof leaked and some of the plaster had fallen, and more was in danger of falling, and both the floor and the roof re«]uired innnediato attention. The lower part of the church tower or spire was unfinished, being destitute of three windows, which, not only marred its beauty, but rendered it exposed to the wind, rain, and snow, making the principal entrance to the church very un- comfortable, and rendtsring the act of bell-ringing most unpleasant. " Visited School No. 8, and gave lessons. Paid a visit to Mrs. Martin and ]\m\ reading and prayer. " Tiicidity, Ike. lOlh. — I had to remain at home for a funeral ; the deceased was a young person, a niece of Dr. Martin, who had come from Stratford to attend lu r profesbionally, but in spile of medical skill II 1872.] KANYUNOEH STATION. 210 she passed away, not, liowever, without leaving us a well-grounded linpe that hIio has gone to that ' better land above.' Tlie attendance at tlie funeral was very large. I gave an address from Amos iv. 1'2. " Wedne»day, Ik'c. lUh. — I was preparing to go out to visit the schools when a person came to liave some conversation with me. Three members of my family went in the sleigh and visited Schools Nus. 3 and 7. During their absence I was taken suddenly ill, and it was thought advisable to send for the doctor ; before he arrived, however, I hud partly recovered. Tliis is the first time in a period of twenty years that a medical man has visited mo professionally ; and if the family doctor — Mrs. Chance — had been at homo. Dr. Doe would not have been Bent for on tiiis occasion. " Thursday, Dec. 12th. — I felt much better tliis morning, and was able to go about. Mr. Elliot and Mr. Anthony came to see me about some school business. After they left, T went to see Mrs. Martin. I found her mother with her, which pleased me much, for the poor nomaa lias not been properly attended to. Her mother's dwelling-place is nearly twenty miles distant, and she proposed to remove her daughter there, to have her under her immediate care. I heartily seconded the proposition, and advised her removal on the first favourable opportu- nity. " Friday, Dec. \f\th. — This morning, I felt, thnnk God, quite equal to to a good day's visiting. And accordingly I pai '/ -^ Photographic Sciences Corporation ^3 WEST MAIN STREET WSBSTER.N.Y. i4SS0 (/It f ''2-4503 ^ 6^ ';n h- • fj: I if i 250 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. " Saturday, Dec. lith. — Adam Martin came to speak to me about lua nephew's funeral. After he left, I set out to see a sick person who had sent for me. She was at the funeral the other day, but I now found her suffering intensely from erysipelas in the face ; in addition to this she seemed to suffer mental anguish on account of her sins. I spoke to her of the great mercy of God through Christ, and urged her to go to the Saviour for that rest and peace which He li^.s promised to the weary and heavy laden. Went in the afternoon to see William Winnie, who in a state of drunkenness had remained out all night in the cold, and got his foot frozen so badly tliat I fear he will lose it. His poor old father was almost entirely dependent upon him for support, and now he has to nurse and take care of him ; it was painful to see the old man making an effort to chop wood for the fire ; ho needs and must have assistance. His suffering son seemed very penitent, not only on account of the consequences of his conduct as affecting himself and his father, but also on account of his sin against God. If he was spared to recover, he said he would act differently and join the Good Templars, but such promises under these circumstances are more frequently made than kept. I hope, however, that his present affliction, will be an effectual warning and be sanctified to his soul's welfare. " Sunday, Dec. 15th. — The churcli was crowded to its utmost capacity tliis morning ; in fact, there was scarcely room even for standing ; tliis overcrowded congregation was owing to the funeral of a young man who had died of haemorrhage of the lungs. There was a baptism, too, and altogether the services occupied so much time that, in consequence, I had to give notice of my inability to perform a second service at a distance. I attended the Sunday-school and gave the cliildren an address. " Wednesday, Dec. 18th. — Held examinations at Schools 3 and 7. Many of the children of the latter speak Englisli, and are making good progress. The former school, under James Powless, is im- proving. " Thursday, Dec. 19th. — Held examinations at Schools 2 and 8. The attendance at School a is much better ; uad the English-speaking chil- dren are making good progress. The change of teachers and disciphne at School 8 operated unfavourably for a time ; but I hope the school will now go on satisfactorily. " Christmas Day. — The church had been decorated most tastefully and beautifully for the Holy Festival of our Saviom-'s nativity', and a very large congregation assembled to celebrate the auspicious event. I preached from Matt. i. 2.'). I administered the Holy Sacrament of Baptism to four infants, and the Holy Supper of the Lord to about [1872. 1872] KANYUNOEH STATION. 251 im- eiglity persons, We invited some ten or a dozen persons to dine witli us ii; the evening; but by some means unknown to us, the number of guests increased to nearly twice the number we had invited, and the parsonage was crowded ; fortunately, however, the provisions were ample, and all who came were hospitably entertained Amongst the invited guests were Mrs. Millard and her sister Miss Crombie, Mr. and Mrs. Barefoot, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Miss Carpenter, Mr. Wedge, and Mr. Martin. We all spent a very happy Christmas. " Tuesday, Dec. '6\st. — I and my interpreter drove out a long distance this morning, below the residence of the llev. Mr. lloberts (which is most unaccountably in my mission), to see a young man who had been dangerously ill. We found him much better and occupied in readi:ig his Testament, or rather a fragment or small portion, which has been translated into Mohawk. I had a long conversation with him and prayer, I was with him on Saturday last and administered to him the Holy Communion. He and his pai'ents were very grateful for my visits. " In the evening we had the Christmas-tree for the school children ; and a large number, b(jth of children and parents, from the different schools assembled to see it, and to partake of its various and wondrous fruit. My daughters officiated at the organ, and the children sang some beautiful hymns. Addresses on the value of secular and religious edu- cation were delivered by the Rev. Canon Nellcs, the Rev. A. Anthony, and myself. The articles on the Cliristmas-tree cost Mrs. Chance and the family and friends an immense amount of labour and considerable expense. The tree, however, was a great success ; it afforded the chil- dren intense pleasure and no src all amount of profit, wliich I was careful to inform all present was not intended as any sort of compensation or payment for attendance at school. Education was worth paying for ; and altiiough, through the kindness of the New England Company, it was at present gratuitously offered to all the Six Nations Indians, I hoped the time would soon come when the Six Nations would no longer consent to receive education gratuitously and freely from any society, but would estimate its value so highly so as to be willing to pay liberally for its attainment. I explained that Christmas-trees, presents, and gifts, originate in a spirit of profound gratitude to God, the autlior and giver of every good and perfect gift, but especially for the inestimable gift of His o>vn dear Son to become incarnate — as at tliis time — for our redemption. The proceedings were closed by singing and prayer. " James Chance." ■\ 1 H W (; ■ 1 253 ii.--GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE, 4. — Cayuga Station. In the middle of Jidy, 1871, the Rev. R. J. Roberts handed over the Kanyungeh parsonage, with the church and four schools (Nos. 2, 3, 7, and 8), to tiie Rev. J. Chance, and himself removed with his wife and family to a house (which he was able to hire for two or tlirce months) on the north- east side of the Grand River, and distant about half a mile from the village of Onondaga. For five months or more Mr. Roberts had officiated every Sunday at Onondaga and Middle- port. His services there were attended principally by whites, but the latter congregation at all events included some Indians. On the lower part of the Tuscarora Reserve, on the south- west side of the river (the new mission assigned by the Company to Mr. Roberts), about 900 Indians were settled, including about 100 Cayugas, 200 Onondagas, 100 Delawares, and 200 Indians of other tribes. About one third of these 900 Indians professed Christianity; the rest remained in their ancient faith. The best mode of approaching them seemed to be for the missionary and his family to live among them, and for the schools there to be made more eflBcient, and for new schools to be opened at convenient spots; the building of schools by the Indians, or with their assistance, and the building of a church and parsonage were soon likely to follow. On the 19th June, 1871, the Company wrote to the Rev. B.J. Roberts, desiring him to give possession of the Kany- ungeh parsonage to the Rev. James Chance as soon as possible, and expressing their intention of removing him to 11 1871.] CAYUOA STATION. 253 some permanent missionary station under the management of the Company, and adding : — " Probably some Kuitabli! rcsidriico iimy bo found on tho lowor part of tli(! llos(!rv r on (Iio ()iionibi;,'a districf, where the (.'onipany understand there is a held of niucli useful labour, amonf,'st a consid(!rablo body of Indians, who arc for tlio most part unconverted and their cliildren untiuif^ht. Tlicj* would bo },'lad to hear that you saw your way to the estaiilislnnent of a missiouiiry station in one or otiier of theso localities ; and also that you oonld obtain for the Company there a sulVniient plot of f,nound for the oroction of a s(;h(X)l-house, and a suitublo rcsidcnco for the superintcndi:nt." On receipt of the resohition of the Committee of 4tli July, 1871,* the llcv. R. J. Roberts wrote from Onomlaga as follows : — " I assure you that I shall bn very glad indcunl to co-oporatc with my brother missionaries, in carrying on the work of the Now England Company for tho benefit of the red men, amongst whom it is our happy lot to labour, for by co-operation and working liarmoniously together, wc would be most likely to promote tho temporal and spiritual welfare of tho people committed to our charge." On the 27tli August, 1871, the Treasurer wrote to the Rev. R. J. Roberts as follows : — " The settlement of a proper site for a school in the Onondaga district is of importance, and you can hire a cheap one-horse conveyance for a month, to aid you in your visits to Indians in the district of the Onondagas. I enclose a map of the Tuscarora Reserve, in which, I sliall be obliged to you, to sketch a school section suitable for the Onondaga school, and which will not interfere with the Council-house- school section, and will also be independent of the school section for the Delaware school. " Mrs. Beaver's school will probably be given up before long, and I have written to the Rev. A. Elliot, that if Mrs. Beaver should wish to be a candidate for the management of the new school to be formed under your superintendence in the Onondaga district, you will, I feel confident, consider her claims as one of the candidates for the of&ce of teacher in a new Onondaga school. ! ! I. '1 ; ! I m * See ante p. 69. ii ' ' jip:. i ' \-- 254 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. " You will have the kindness to consult some of the leading Indians of the Onondaga district about the boundaries of a school section, and the arrnngements for the election of school trustees for the Onondaga school, so that tlie school may obtain the confidence and sujiport of the neighbouring Indians." Oa receipt of this letter Mr. Roberts had interviews with several Indians residing in the Onondaga distiict, and on the 19th September, 1871, wrote to the Committee, sug- gesting a school section which had the recommendation of including that part of the Reserve in which almost all the Onondagas are settled without interfering with the Council- house-school section or the Delaware settlement. The following letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts was received on the 19th September : — " ^uffusi 20th, 1871. " I beg to inform you that I brought James B. Hill to Toronto on the i)th instant, and that he passed tlie Entrance Examination and was admitted for training. George Hill will go back to Albert College next week. George Bomberry is preparing for his primary examination before the Medical Board at the beginning of October. I give him instruction in his Latin and French almost every day. The Agricultiural Exhibition will take place about the end of September or the beginning of October. " I may mention here that many of the people in the Onondaga district express a hope that the Company will allow a school to be commenced there soon. Two women from that part of the Reserve have been here this morning to make inquiry about it, and to ask me if I could let them have ajirst book for a little child who wishes to begin its ' letters ' at once." On the same day the following letter from the Rev. Robert J. Roberts was also received : — " Auffust 29th, 1871. " One of the most influential of the Onondaga chiefs — a pagan — named John Buck, and several others are very anxious to have a school opened as soon as possible in their district ; and a respectable Indian fanner, named Jolm Garlow, offers the use of a good log- [1871. 1871.] CAYUGA STATION. 255 sug- Rev. house for that purpose, until a more suitable buiMing can be erected. " I liope you will bo able soon to let ine know what schools iho Company wish me to superintend. Tliere are three schools at present in the lower part of the llcsorve, viz. No. 5, in the Dela- ware settlement ; No. 0, taught by Mrs. Beaver ; a third on the Con- cession Road, between Delaware and New Credit settlements. " Robert J\s. Robkuts." Ou the 3rd October, 1871, the Committee received from the Rev. R. J. Roberts, a letter of which the following are extracts : — "Onondaga, Sept. 19//*, 1871. " Yesterday I was in the Cayuga settlement which is further south and east, and was urgently requested to inquire if Uie Company would estabhsh a school for their benefit, instead of the one now taught by Mrs. Beaver, which, you say, will probably be given up before long. A uother excellent site, which could probably be obtained, was pointed out to me, and I have marked it on the map as No. 3. Close beside it anol or site could be obtained for a residence for the superintendent, which is a more desirable one than that oifered by Garlow, inasmuch as is it central — between the Onondagas and Cnyugas. Most of the Onondagas and Cayuga are pagans and their ' Long-houses' faa you may see from the map), are not more than half a mile from the re- spective sites marked out for their schools. I have no doubt that two schools properly conducted, with the superintendent residing among them, would gi-eatly promote their civiUzation. In order to bring tliese schools into good working order, it is absolutely necessary that each Indian family should be frequently visited by the superintendent ; and in order to make them popular, and to create an interest in them, among the Indians, I am of opinion that it is advisable to have a public school festival twice a year; for instance, immediately preceding the Summer and Christmas vacations, to which chief and other influential men might be invited, and requested to address the parents and children. When I was residing at Kanyungeh, and had charge of School Nos. 1 and 2, we adopted that plan ; and at Christmas, Mrs. Roberts and Miss Crombie always prepared little gifts of books, neckties, socks, etc., to hang upon a Christmas-tree, as presents for the young. We used to bring the Council-house school children over to Kanyungeh, and let the children of both schools enjoy themselves together. The result was that people came to those /^/<^« from distant parts of the Reserve, r I I ,t' m m.' ^ 25G GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. I t • '-^ H and the residents of both sections were proud of tlieir school. Among the pnf,'im Onondagas and Cayugas at tlio lower end of the Iteserve these festivals would he still more desirable. "Some of the chiefs are prejudiced as yet against education and civilization; and some of the warriors (or others, not eliiefs) are afraid of them. But I am convinced that well-conducted schools, etc., will open their eyes to the blessings of civilization. " At the 1st day of October I must leave the house in which I have been residing since I left Kanyungeh. I have rented, for one year, a hoi:se about half a mile south-east from the Indian Council-liouse. It is tt e nearest house to the Onondaga district that I could procure. Tliere is one advantage connected with it. It is not far from the Indian Council-house, and I shall therefore have frequent opportunities of conversing with individual cliiefs. An Indian named James Jamieson, •who lives close by me, has just come in and given mo the enclosed paintings of ilowers by Ids daughter. He is quite proud of liis daughter, and pleased that she has obtained a better education than he could get when he was her age, He came here to request me to go up, with lus daughter, on Thursday next, to the school at Woodstock, saying that he ■would pay my expenses. This is the same Jamieson who, some time ago, desired me to ' petition the Company,' to assist him a little more in his daughter's education. ' Robert James Rodkhts." On receipt of this letter the Committee pointed out to Mr. Roberts that the house he had lately taken was situate in the Couneil-house-school district, and therefore could only be considered as a temporary residence. The following extract is from a letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts, received on the 11th October, 1871 : — " Septemher 2Hh, 1871. •* I beg to inform you that I still hold my licence as a missionary •within the diocese of Huron. I am a member of the synod, and as such I voted at the two synods held during the past summer. Tije last synod was held on the 19th July, for the election of the coadjutor bishop ; the Very Re%'. Dean Hellmuth was then elected, and I voted at his election. " On Friday last the Right Rev. Dr.Cronyn died, and now the coadjutor bishop becomes Bishop of Huron. As the Rev. A. Elliot lias, I believe, ecclesiasHcal authority over the whole of the district assigned to me by the Company's resolution of the 6th inst., I am in doubt as to whether [1871. 1871.] CAYUOA STATION. 2.-) 7 , 1871. my lironce would warrant my IiDldiii;,' icli^'ious seivicos in it. I linvo written to tlio ui'w bishop to know wlicn it will lio conv^Miicnt for mo to see liini, so tlint T niiiy nscortiiin llie trim stiiti> of tlio ciiso. 'i'iicre are a fow Christian Iiidifins in uiy district who nrc! most oa^'cr for nic lo liold service in it. They will form (he iiuclens of a eon^Tcgation ; and I liopc that with the Divine blessing gooil work iniiy be done among the j)0()r superstitious papms. The lluv. Mr. JOUiot holds no services iu Unit part of the Reserve, " IloiiEUT Jamks Rori'.uts." The followiiif; letter from tlic Kcv. R. J. Roberta waa received on the 17th October : — •• Srplemler 2oth, 1871. " I regret to inform you that Jame.s B. Ilill, after nearly a month'.s stay at the Normal School, Toronto, returned liome. lie had a faint- ing fit in liis bedroom, and finding liis heiilth becoming bad, lie got frightened and left. He brought back and returned to me the books which I liail pnrchased for his use at the Normal School. " George IJomlxirry intends to go to Toronto next week, for his entrance examination as a medieval stndent. " Many of the Indians in the Onondaga school section arc very anxious to know if the New I'^ngland Company will kindl\' allow a scho(d to be opened soon, for their chihlren, in the log-liouse which John Ciarlow will lend for that purpose, until a school-liouse Ciin bo erected. If the Company accede to their request, will you kindly infoma me as to whether I may nt once order school-desks for use there, to be made ? They can be transferred to the new school-house when it is ready for them. " I send you two copies of a notice of the Six Nations Agricultural Show, wliich is to take place in October. " Next w(?ek we purpose moving from liere to another house about half a mile from the Council-house. But my ' address ' will, for the present, be the same as it is now. " RonKRT JaMKS R-^jKRTS." And on the same day the follovving lett3 Aas also rceeived from the Rev. Robert J. Robei ,. : — " Oalober 2nd, 1871. " Since I wrote to you last week, I liavc been up at London, and Imd an interview with our new bishop, the Riglit Rev. Dr. Helhnulh. H« gave me to understand that there would be no difllculty in tlic way of I . 'ir - m 258 GRAND niVi:U OR TUSCAllOllA IlESKUVE. [1871. '; i ; •j :■; si.-.i my obtaining a licfiioo tit liold sorvicc in tln^ stiition nppoititod to mn by the Ntiw Kiigland Company by their rosohitioii of tho 'jtli ultimo, luid lie roqnostod mo to fiirnisli liim with a copy of tliat resohition, and a map of tlie lloservo nitli my stiition nn\ikt!d on it. IIo also said that lie woidil use his inllnonco to Itrin^ altoiit bfttm' liarniony botwocn your missionaries, kg that tlio Company's work among the Indians might bo more ellectnally performed. '• I shall bo very glad indeed if lie can succeed in this, as even nn apparent want of harmony among the missionaries naturally tends to stir up and keep in existence hindrances to our work. For my part, I sincerely desire (ns every Christian minister ought) to be in perfect liarniony with my brother missionaries, and to do whatever may be in my power to assist them whenever th(^y so desire, in carrying out any work which will tend to the civilization and Christianization of tho Indians, for unity would give us strength for tho performance of our important duties. " With regard to a site for a residence for myself, I would respect- fully suggest that it would be advisable that I should not ask a grant from tho Council of Chiefs at prestiit. Soon after the proposed schools for tho Onondagas and Cayugas arc opened, I hope, by tlie good management of those schools, to stir tip among the pagans of my station an interest in education; and by becoming uiore intimate witlj them, to make them more favourable, than some of them are now, to the granting of a site. " I would respectfully suggest this to the Company for consideration, it is my iirm conviction that the lirst step which should be taken, i.s estabh.sh the schools and render them as popular as possible wit. i tho pagans. " IvOBKUT JaS. KoniORTS." On the Cth November, 1871, tlic Committee instructed the Rev. II. J. Roberts to hire tlie log-liouse oflcrcd hv tlie Indian John Garlow for a temporary school-house, and to provide proper school-desks for the same. The following letter from the Ilev. R. J. Roberts was received on the 7th November : — " October l9/h,lii:\. " I am glad to bo able to inform you that the two young Indians, George Hill and George Bomberry (Cayuga chief), have passed their preliminary examinations as Medical Stiuleiits ; I have been told that [1871. 1871.] CAYUGA STATION. 2J0 lionibfiny passoil liis witli r;roiit credit. Dr. Doo, who has taken liiiu in cliuri,'e, proposes to f,'ivo liiiii instruction in aniitoiuy, the use of medicines, and to bliow liini some niedicul practice for one ymr, and tlien send liim to a medical scliool at Toronto. Dr. Oronliyatekha (wlio came here hist Satunhiy) intends to enter (leorge Hill at onco at the Medical Scliool of the Toronto Tniversity. " On the 12th and l:Uh inst. the Aj,'ricul(ural Exhibition of the Six Nation Indians took place at the ConncilhouKC. The show of roots, grains, cattle, horses, etc., was in ^'reater abundance than last year, and was of superior quality; should any account of it apjiear in tlio papers, I shall send you a copy. Tlie white settlers of the ncighbourinj^ township of Ononda;,'a had a similar exhibition on Tuesday last. A great many Indians were present, mereh' as spectators, and appeared to take great interest in it. Some of them told me that they (the Indians) could show as good horses as the ' whites," but that tho latter had much superior horned stock. I have been trying of late to persuade the members of the Indian Agiicultural Society to subscribe for the purchase of a good Durham bull. " At the close of their Agricultural Show, the Committee of that Society made me a present of a cow. In presenting it the following address was read : — " ' To the Rev. EonERX Ja.mes RonERTs, Missionary to the Six Xations Indians. " ' Dear Sir, — The Committee of the Agi"icultural Association of tho Six Nations Indians beg you to accept of the accompanyhig cow, as a small token of our appreciation of the very great interest you have taken in the success of this society, and in the advancement and civili- zation of our people. We would be obliged if you would convey to tho New England Company our sincere thanks for the liberal yearly grant they make to this association. " James Jamieson, Prciideiit. " James Sxyhes, Treasurer. " ' Indian Cofkcil IIoitse, "'TUSCABOBA, Oct. Utk, 1871.'" The following letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts and an i iclosure (the "quit-claim" therein named), were received on the 30th November : — "November 13/A, 1871. "I beg t-' for^'ard to you, enclosed herewith, a quit-claim for six acres of land, made over or sold to Dr. Oronliyatekha, ' in trust for the s2 2(\0 ouANo nn r.u on TistwRoiiA nixnivr:. flH7l. t « f t ■f ; New l''ii);liiiiil ('iili(|)iiiiy. I'"f llio piir|>(iS('( i>f climrli, (»tipi(iiiri(;»», iiixl nrliiiiil )iiiMnlii;;u IriliK i < tlnil olVcicd hy tlolin (iiiiliuv. us litulcil III iny Icllrr In tin' 'rii'iisuirci-, liiilcil Si'plfmlirr I'.Mli liisl. "I Will* iviiiu'stod Ity l>r. OnuihyiilrKhn ti» bciuI tho rnrloMrd (lurii liiciit I{(iiiK,iiT .>AM, KmiriiTM. Tlic following; is tux fxhact from n Icllcr, il.iird llur Mlh Ucccmln'r, I S7 1, from ih«' Ivrv. I'. J. IJohrrlH, ivcimvimI the 1st .luttuitiv, 1H7* : — ft ' "On tlu' 'JSIli of Novciulior last, n iiu'cliii;* of lioiiscliolilcis iu tlio <'!\yn|4iv si'luml section wiis licM, ;it wliioh llit' lollowiii;; \ii'1'.si\iih wcio t'l«'«'toU trustt'os. viz.;— • ^Vi),li^lm IMiulin fi>r !» years. Will- in l.ullnnn for 'i yciirn. (Imrlos niuTon for 1 your. " On (111- I'ili iii.'^lant ft similar nicctinj,' was IicM in llio Onon(Ia«,'« school si'.'lion, tuul Iho foUoning iinmud porsons w«'io cJiosrn hh Iriis- toos. vi», . — ,Tolin (larlow for M yoftiN. Alnaliam Van Kvciy for '^ years, .lolm lUwk (oliief) for 1 year. " 'I'hfi trnsteos of (he latter seclion nre iimeli jileased nt henrinj,' t!iat the sihool Ihero is to bo opened nt tlie coninioncomont of tlie new yoar. " A few weelis n-^'o Ahrnhnm \'an Every, ono of tho Onon(lai fur m« Im rati in |ir<)iiiiiliii|j; imy Wiii'k wliii'li Ii'ihIi) Ik IIiii wrjl lii'iti[{ of lii < |)('ii|i|o. " I liiipn Dili ( 'iiiiipiiiiy limy Im iilitn tn ^{riinl hi t riM\\U'Hi, iiimI li^t. Iiix iliiiil'lili'i' j;i> III III'' I li'lliiiiilli l.inlit'N' (<'iilli';;i> Ity /M\ iii|; II iii(|ii'riftr I'lliiritlinii Id MMiiM' i)\' llii' yniiii;; ( )iiuiMliij;ii't iiiiil i 'iiyii;;ii i, llii^ ( 'iiiii|i;iiiy will ilii iiiiii'li lor llioM' l\Mi liilii'!!, uliicli liircldriii'tt ml llir IiiihI, viiIiim it|)ii|| iMliiciitiiiii, mill \M I'l! ii|i|i>i)t<'i| III liviii/nlioM I Iiiim^ niri'iiily rmu'iinli'il In llm 'IVi'iisiiri'i' iipplii iilioti'i rrntii llircn yniiii;^ Iiir tlnir spiritual cnnditinn ; for tlio liisliop inforniod mo, when I wiiH at liondoii lately, that he wisl.i.'d mi! to eommeneo mininliriul W'»rk ill the iiii.isioii allDtlnd to 1110 hy tho ('nmiiaiiy. His Innlshii), at the Biuno tinu!, t
uld he ^'iad if I wuul'l take a larj^jer portion of the Ilev. Mr. lOlIint's old inisHion, and also two mnro of hi.s KcliooLs. I replied that I eoiild not do so vsithout uulliority from tho Company, and that I was quilo satislied with my present mission. Tho JJisho[i llien said, ' it was too far for Mr. lllliot (who is old) to ;,'n round or through' my mission, 'in order to reach part of liis own,' and that if I woro willing, ho Itho Bishop) would write to tho Company and ask their consent to his proposal. I told his lordship that my present mission among tho pagans would give mo as much work as I could well attend to, for it was the moat diilioult mission on the I ■ iiijll m .it 2(5 CUAXn UIVKIl OR TlTSCAUOnV Ul'SKKVK. 1871. t i-- t. f r 11 1' i I lu'sorvo ; Imt llmt 1 would, ns ii inultor of courso. 8ii|>(>.., and luliDiir in any missinii, whifh tlio I'ltnifxinif mit^ht ititpoiiit fur iu<>. " I mil niuKiiii,' nnuiif^fiiii'Mls li> oniniiuMuv liolilin;:; iHvino si-rvioo iil Mis. IWiivi r's soliDiil room tlio liisl Suiuliiy in llio lU'w _v«'ar. " KoiiKur Jamkh KoiiKuix." Thr foUowin;^ cxtnu'ts from tlu" jonnml of tlu* Uov. II, .1. KohtM'ts, I'urnislu'd hy him in fompliiuuv with thc^ n\si)hi- titm piissnl hv thcCommitli'o on thr {\\\\ tVtdluT, IS71,* wim'C pa iTorivinl on tho :j:th niHvinhor, is: I : — " ]\'iJiirsi{iV/. //), is; l — Altout 10 o'lliiflv my iuliM'prolt'r mail«> his iiiipcanuico, ami >\o wi'tit out on foot to visit kouio families in tlio CuMif^a mission. Tlu' woalluT was fair, luil llio sKv Miiokv. Wo oai MO tii^t to a wri'tolu'il sliaiity on lot No, 1','. Mli l^lm•^'^sion, in wliirli a man Uiimi'il .lai'ob .loluison, liis wift'. and t'nmily jo^ido. '.riu'v ha\o li\od tlu'io formally vi'iirs ; Imt tluir sluiiily is a misoiiiMo oiu> of il> Kind. Mo n|>|u>ais to fanii only a low acros. I lia\o lu>on iiifoiinod tltat lio luaKos his liTtliliood oliiclly hy tho maiiiifaolnro of stavis ami sliiiij^los. I Kiii>w him in former ihivs to I ti'iiiiKaid, hit I liavo hoon tt)ld that ho is >o a I not so had now. His wito is an Miif^lisliwiunan. llo is of lli(> Molia\>U tiihiv NVhon wo visitod the shanty, it was looKod. and no ono at homo. ^Vo aftorwaivls mot his wilV, aiiil sho soomod iih>asod wlion 1 told hor that 1 would oall a.!.;ain. " 'J. Widow Lowis. of tho Mohawk Iriho, livos in a loj;-houso. jioiirly furnishod. Sho was away with lior <>ldost son, on a \ isit to Indians in Now \\>ik Slato ; hut wf saw her ni'iniod ilaiijj;litor. and hor motlu-r, Mrs run, mid soino small ohildron " ;«. John SoimMs, an ^Mioidu. was not at lionio whon wooallod. lli.s wifo is still liviii;'. hut ho has dosortod hor, llo has anothor woman living with him as his wilo. Sho apiioarod to ho oloanly, and tho lioiiso was noat. " l, llaviiit,' hoard that thoro was a siik woman liviiij;; in a shanty haok in tho hush, wo wont in soaroh of il And as wo walkod ihionnh tho wiiods 1 saw a yoiiii-,' I'ldian ohoinnii!,' hrowood, with whom I had homo I'onvorf-ation, and ]>oiiuod out tho nooossily ihoro was for oloaniiijj up tho land woll Whon 1 oi.lorod th(> shanty. I at onoo roooj;ni/.od tho iiivaliil. Hor iiamo was Mari.'lo. Sho is a widow, n»»d sho usod to j\»- hido in Kanyniijjoh mission. Hor daiijJihlor. who was a woman of ill- famo. is, 1 havo hoard, now ini>»'riod, and livos I'lsowhoro; hut sho waa 1871.] CAYITOA STATION. 2(53 llion* ti^tluv . wrtsliiiif' s tlio hlimity, This widow Miuitlo huH liooii 111 ill hiiiltli fi>r tlio lust hovou or oij^ht yours, 'I'lii y Idlil iiii> lliiit they lia\i< Id ^('iiil a lon^ tliNtuiu'i' fiir wutir, niiil aitil li\os on t\\o sumo lot, I'oiucs oooasioMallv to iT son, w lilt si'i> 111 r. II ii.I f^iM's liiT soint> sii|>j>ort. Ilcr little sliaiifv is in tlanf^cntiis oiuiliguily li> a t|ii!iiilily of (Irv liru.sh. and thi re is just now a larj;!' tiii' rajjin;,' in tin* Inisl), iilionl halt' a mile oil'. l):i\ ill Mmii'li son to tlio widow al>ovi> n»oiition wlii'ii wo oalli'd Wo saw his witV, and fonnd that, although slio >\as !;liid to soo mo (l>i'oa I had ol"ton \isiti'd I.iT in f;>rm WIS jirojiidiood a(,'ainsl mo. Sho tolil my iiii( ipri ti r ' lliat ^llo iiinl a paper in her shanty iwliioli, howtnor. slii> wonld i>.il prodneo), whioh proved that 1 and three Indians wori> thi< oiif,'inators o( ' tho At't ' (l.aiifjovin S-^. and tlial slie was iiiiilo siin' that I Inul ni» mi->ion 1)11 till' Ki'^ervo ; that sli<' was t(>ld that I wa.-> a sosprndid t'li'r;;\ man, and ihiil it wa^ onlv Indians who were now psNiii:' my salaiv . w iih a view 111 lvoe]iiii;j; mi> on the Uesrr\('. " 1 ihiiiK iho poor w.inian aiul her hn--haiiil aii' rallur weak wiii.d. and I.. 'I .-ome desij^niiij; persons made her heliexe ihi^ Siu' was maKiiij^ a alraw hat wIicmi 1 went in. I aslu'd her if she had heiii at lhc> .\:;ri onltiual Sliow, and when she answered in the ne;;.ili\o, I t>dd her that if she would niaKo a ;^»od one and i'nt( r it ni-\t vear. she mi;.;ht ;;■ I a pri/.o. "(.Mir ni>\l and l.sst visit was to a siihstantial hn; house, heloiiinn;; to A nnin named " Mud Turtle,' jun 'I'horo wore onl\ four or I'lvo eiiildien ill iho house, all of whi>n( wi'ri' duty in lli< ii appearaiwe aiiil li>i>Ked as if lln>v liad i\ol heon washed for a inonlli or nieii' Thi> parents, who aro pai^ans, were not at lionii'. NVe went half a mile l>a>'K into iluhusli to s<>o the linv Many \aliial>li' trees wtre ilestro\!ir. In many portions of tlu Ki>s<'r\o ih>' tires have eausi d loss of j-rain, tiniher, ami rails. When w <■ reai-hoil hom.-. w o had w allied uhout six miles. Tlu' intiMprotor ti><>!i dinner with us. and thiMi let't An Indian oiuuo tohoriiiw my iiorse ami hiiflf^iy ' ' 'o tiMho Mohaw K In-tilu tiiuj this morning', for her ho\ , hut my pome.', w«>ro no where to ho found Tlio I'eneo is very had. Soiui' wild oattlo hroUo it down, n\u\ tho ponii's .strayed otV into the hush. 1 <>mployed a man lii soareh for them. Iml ihey made tlieir appearaneo in ll»i> oveuiii;,', het'oro ho rotuvne.l '(ht.'UUli. ihight morning and halmy di'lij^htl'ul weather Imme «liate)y after an early hroaUfa.sl I set out as^aiu on f.>ot to visu fnuu house 1.1 house, eoniiuoueiiiu' whore wo loll olT yostorday ! ■ m '.eil m>. ?G4 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA UKSERVE. [1871. !=i l-'-iiiiii;» llii> piiviniMit. of tlio luinnilics we iiiiiy pxjx'ct nmiiy visitors. If. is ii liciivy lax on hrciid, l)utt.<'r, ten, clc., hut wo Iiiivo ulwiivs on such occnsioiis soiik^ op|>oiluiiily of ,s|i(>iiKiiig ' a word in Honsoii.' My drivo to diiy wiis iiltout Iwciily tiiilos. " W't'ihirsilinf, \or. M///, — As most of llio liidiiiiis from my mis- sion will lor llu' next two or Ihrco wccUs ho n'ciivini^ llicir inniuiUcs. wo cannot diirinj^ llinl period visit them from house to lionsc. 1 went up lo Ihc t'onncil house twico to-day and saw nuiny of llicm. J)r. I>i'i) anil his wife and (.ieor;^»? IJomherry (medical student) Inid dinner with us. 'J'he wi>ather is cloudy and ro(d. Mrs. Koherts went out in th(> eveninj,' to visit a sicU woman. " IVnir.iildi/, Xiir. it///. — The Indians are receivin;^ Iheir annnilies nt the Council-house. Two of them called lo se(! us. 1 was in the hush a {^reat part of the day. i^'ellinj:; out witod. \Ve are trying lo cut up tho dry trees hefore the snow falls. " /■'/•/(/(///, Nor. 10///. — Snow fell last night, changing lo sleet and rain in the morning. Two Indians camo hero this evening, and remained a few hours to rest themselves. " Sdliinldi/, Xnr. iltk. — Drove to Onondaga to imiko some pur- chases. " Suiiilinf, Nov. llth. — Preached at Onondaga and Middlo- \WYt. " MotuJitii, Si)v. I'Mli. — IJornnvod a waggon, and sent nn Indian with my juuiies for lumher for our stahle. lie did not come l)ack mitil night, for he had a long distance lo go. Foiir or live M(dniwks, Cayugas, etc.. living in the neighhonrhood i)f the Council-liousc, came here this evening to ' singing practice.' " TtK'.idiijf, Xi)r. lilh. — Uaiaing all day. A ' white ' man (a mer- chantl and an Indian came to our house this evening and remained overnight, on account of the darkness and heavy rain. " U'ediiisdiii/, Xov. l.")//(. — Tho ground was white with snow this morning and tho air is cold. Two ^lohawks called lliis evening, and one of thoni (a woman) remained all night. I wrote a letter to tho Rev. A. l^Uiot relative to Mrs. leaver's school ; I had written to liim on Oct. liUh reqmsting him to name a day which would bo con- venient to himself to transfer the charge of tho school to mc in llio presence of the trustees, if any, and the teacher, but I have not yet received a reply from him. " T/uiiMlai/. Xov. UUh. — 'Thanksgiving Day." Preached at Onon- daga, and afterwards visited a Cayuga Indian family, one of whom was very ill. On my way home I visited a Mohawk woman, who was 1871.] CAYUOA STATION. 271 just rncovcririj,' from an illnosM. Two Iiidiiins liiid Icii with mh tliiq evi'iiiii;^. " h'ridiiij. Nor. \lth. — Diiiiii;^' Um! ])iiviiu'iit. of t':n nTiniiitirM a l^rciit iiiiiiiy Indiims iirc (lallin^' mi in. Wo Imd (lircc to diiitwr todiiy. Ill lilt! iiricriiiioM I wiilkt'it to \\\i' <'(iiiiii'il-liiiiis<> iiimI IiikI CDtivctHiitidii wiUi Hov(!riiI. Ayoiirif,' nnui of (Ik; 'riiHcarom liiliK hero this (nniini,' to liriictiso on our iiudodcon. Ifc roiniiiiicd nil iii^dit. " S,(turilt his wife, and she is strictly forhidden to touch grease or meat while in attendance on the invalid. If she were to transgress these instructions, the charm or potency of the medicine would be destroyed. I called on one or two other families. This day was wet, thd. — Out visiting all day Indian families who I'osidc near the river. 1. Came to the house of James Harris, a pagan. He was out in the bush. We saw his wife and a Seneca woman nearly 100 years old. Th(>y are all pagans. Mrs. Harris told me that she has six children ; slie sends two to the school taught by Ciisick. I if:i ! i ^ i n I 1 . ■' Itli^ 070 OKAND niVFIR Ott TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1871. " 2. Win. YDUiig, a pn^nn of tlio On()n(liij»(i trilw, lias a frnino liousc in ratlior a (lilaiiidal(!(l condition. It was ooKl and clu'eik'ss. Yonn;» was not at homo. Tiioy liavo six cliildrcii. and occasionally 8'ind two of tlicni to sihool. " 3. Isaac Dou^^'las. Tiiis man's liouso was almost the worst that I havo seen on the llcsorvo. Loose boards wore laid on the top for a roof, hnt at one end tlioro was a space two foot wide, qnite open, thron^di wliicli the rain or snow could readily lind an entrance. Tliree or four children were standing; at the back of the stove tryini^ to warm themselves when I entered, and the woman with whom Donjjlas cohabits was seated on a lillhylooking bed talldni» to one of her neij,'libour.-'. Drunkenness and other bad habits have brought this family to the very extreme of misery. " I. Close by was a comfortable-looking lof^-house occupied by a white man named Waters, who works an Indian farm. He send.s two children to Mrs. Beaver's school. " 6. Mrs. Young, an Onondaga. " 0. ^Irs. li. Martin. This woman is a Mohawk. She lives alone. Her house 'vas quite clean, presenting a i)lcasiiig contrast to all those of her pagan neighbours. She has no children. As the weather was stormy and cold wo made no further progress to-daj'. Three Indians called to see me in the evening ; and afterwards, when it was dark, I went out again to see an Indian woman who was severely cut tnd bruised about the head by a Tuscarora. Tiic perpetrator of tliis cowardly act is an intemperate and idle fellow. He has lied away to escape the punishment which he deserves. " Thtirsfhi;/, Xov. '2'^rd. — Went by special invitation of the Mayor to the opening of the Brantford Branch of the Great Western Hall- way. " Fnihi}!, Nov. 2ith. — Came homo. Had a very cold drive. One of my children is ill with fever. " Satttnlfti/, Xov. 2oth. — At home writing, etc. A young Indian girl came here in the evening and remained all night. " Sunday, Xov. 2i)th. — Preached at Onondaga and MidtUeport. "Monday, Xov. 27th — At home. " Tuesday, Xov. 28 tlH'r<'f(in' tlid not liUo to ^o to liis lionio, wliit'li in smno miles hiirk in tlie ImisIi. " /Vc. (W//.- Wcadicr too ion,%'li for visiliii','. Ft is Idotvin;^ (piilc n ^iiltMUiil Hnow isiliittin;.;. 'I'wo Inilinns tooK Hliclter Mitli tin, im iircoririi of tliu Htonn, iind oiio ortlitMii (a \vi>nnini eotiM iiirt ^'n Iionic fur two s('rv<>. ill niy missimi. " /Vi'. I //♦.—Went to Kiinyiinj^'eli to spciik to Mr, Cliiuiov nboiit tlie junv liymnl)ooKs, vie. " J>ci'. Hth — Sent luv ponies to Kiinytin^'e?i to lirin^^ over my Hlei},'h, which has heen (liere Bine<> wc left that idiiro hist Bummor. Wrote out ropy of my joiirnni to Nov. 80th, to forward to the New Fjiif^lrtiid ('onipiuiy. Three Indians (two men and on« woman) onme hero thm cveninj; for 'siiigini» prne|ir«'.' " I>ef'. {)lh. — At homo writing,' nnd studyinf^. A yonng man named James I'owIcHS eamo to boo me this eveninj,'. He uinheH to gt> to tho Nonnal sHuxd. Ho remained all night, as his liomo iu altont Kcvun miles distant. " Sitiiildy, JW. loth. — I'reaohed at Onon(higa and MidiHeport. At tliA Mi(Mleport eervieo there was n htrgo niunher of Indians present. " Ikr. ll//» — Prove to tho Onondaga school srction to n mrrting Ctmvenod for tho purpose of electing trustees. Two or three pngnii Indians came thei-e to speak against tnlucation ; hut tho majority of those present were in favour of schools, and tho tlnvo trustees were elected. A white man named ' Kingston,* wlio rents some land from the Company, is evidently endeavouring to excite tho opposition of the pagans to the schools. He came to this meeting, hut was not, of course, allowed to interfere in the husiness. When ho met me on the road ho said, ' Tho people living in the Onondaga school section were very poor, and that the Now ]*]ngland Company ought to havo a bag of Hour baked into bread for the children every week ; and that as the Mohawk Institution was not large enough, a similar institution ought to bo established among tho Onondagas, and that he was the hcit qualified to be tho superintendent of it !! ' Tliis man was one of Canon Nellos' teachers for several years. To mc, bo appears to bo altogether unfitted for so important an ollfice. He was very anxious to-day to show me some papers and docnmcnts relative to the land he holds from the Company, and to get an expression of opinion from me in the matter ; but I told him that I did not wish to have anything to do or say in the matter, as it was not my business. M IH7i.l t'AYtJOA HTATIO.V. '27 't Aftir «hn hcIiooI niPflirit,', F wi'nt on to Mrs iJcnvfi-H nrliool niifl ••xnmiiHMl Homn of tlio piipils, iiml j^nvo her Horiif ImokM, itc. " /W \Ulli — Drovt' to llriiiilforil to pioniro mom Itooks iitul f)llipr Hcliool timt)>ri(il. Mth lloliiTtH, who whh with iin', in iniiki ; finpiiniliou for a ChriMtmii^^ trre at JJriivcr'n hcIiooI. Iiniiiriliatily aflrr our rftturn, \vn wiilkctl lip to II concert K'^'H •»>' Home ImliiuiM iimlcr the piitroimj^'o •if Mrs. l-'lliot. lit, the Ciiiincil house. 'I'he conci'it whh in nid of fiindH MrH. I''Jliot is riiiMiii(» for the pmrhnHn of nil orKnri or melodeoii for 'I'liHcarora rliiiich. Thren ImliiitiM remained all iiir;ht with iih. Wo lind Koino ditliciilty in miiluiiK room fur them in our limited f|iinrterR. " />fr. I'Mh. — Walked to < )iioni|iifja hcIiooI Hcction, viHited two fiunilieH, and mado arriin^jemenlH with tho trnsUjoH for the repair ami dtlini,' ii|i of tho lof^-hoUHe for the Kchoid. 'J'he weather wan Htormy— a keen wind Iilew ri^ht in our faci;, aw we camo homo in the dusk of evenini.,'. l-'oiir IndiaiiH hore thin oveninj^ to ' practise Hinging,'.' Wo Jiave (;reat need of liymn-hookH. Two yoiiiif^ men horrowed Iiookn out of tho 'Jjcnding Library' which I am endeavouring to form for the iniHsion. "At. 14//r— IJemainod at liomc, liy appointment, to meet an Onondaga Tndian, named Ahraliam Vim Kveiy, who ia very eager to have hia daughter sent to such a school as tlie ' llellmiith Jiiidies' ('ollege.' Ho hidiight lier with him this morning, and I iixaniiiied her in reading, etc. Van I'iVery is a most deserving man. Ho lives in the midst of tho pagiiiis, and is doing his utmost to promote an interest amfing them ia «'ducation. He is also industriously working his farm, and has every- thing iihout his lioiise, harn, etc., in neat and good order ; thua setting an excellent example to those around him. I cannot avoid expressing the hope tliat when the Company decide on making further grants towards the higher education of young Indians, they may select Van Every's daugliter as one of the first. " Ifi'c. lath. — At home. *' Dir. Wih. — Drove to IJrantford to purchase a stove, stove-pipes, and other necessaries for the Onondaga school-house. Tho day was very stormy. " Ih't'. nth. — Preached at Onondaga and Middleport. The congrega- tion at the latter church is always a mixed one — Whites and Indians. On my way liorae, I visited a Cayuga woman who is sick. " Di'c. lH.hop was kind enougli to grant the chiefs request. The latter at that time was a pagan, but abo"t three years ago he became a Christian, and since I commenced to preach to the pagans, he has done his utmost to second my efforts. But this aged chief is poor. Do you think the Company would allow me to give him, say about £5 or 9 i.OO dollars a year, to encourage lam to visit among his people on week days, besides addressing them on Sundays. He is a little over eighty years old, but still w alks with an active, tirm step. 1872.] CAYUOA STATION. 279 "I shall feel obliged if the Companj' will allow me to procure a number of the new Indian hymn-books, which Canon Nelles has had published at their expense. We have only one or two hymn-books in my mission. Perhaps you will, therefore, be kind enough to give me an order on Mr. Nelles for so many as we require, or allow me to purchase tliem from the publisher. " R0Bi;ilT J.\MKS llonEIlTS." Op the 8th February, 1872, the Committee wrote to the Rev. R. J. Roberts, thanking him for his very interesting journal, and proceeding as follows : — *' Your remarks upon the dilapidated condition of many of the Indian dwellings have suggested to the Conmiittec whether tlie Indians might not be much encouraged and assisted in putting tlieir houses in order by the Company keeping in store a sui)ply of lumber, to be sold to ihe Indians at lialf the cost price ; the Ci)nimiltcc would be glad of your opinion iu tliis matter, and will probably authorize you to act in tlii.s suggestion, if you should tJiink it desirable to do so. They will also be glad of information as to th(3 water snppl}- and the drainage generally of the Indian dwellings in your district. Y'uu mention tlmt some of the Indians were engaged in digging wells, and we shall be glad to loarii whether their knowledge of the subject enables them to sink wells effec- tively, and whether the system of ' boring ' is known and practised. " In reference to the old Indian chief, John Seneca Jolmson, and his desire to become a sort of lay missionary amongst the pagan tribes of his own blood, the Committee will be ^lad to learn whether he could bo usefully employed in this work, and what assistance would be necessary to enable him to carry out his intentions. " You state that on the 31st October, you declined to officiate at an Inancy iu your course of action on tlie two occasions. " The Committee also wish you to inform them fully as to the Indian farms which you report to be worked by white men ' on shares,' or wholly by white men. Are not those practices the first steps towards those deplorable inroads upim tlie rights and property of the Indiaun which have been so disastrous to them in former times '.' The Committee would wish to do. whatever they could to discountenance the practice. Under what state of things has it come about that the Indian farm 1 j I 1 PB 2H0 ORANU KIVEK OR TUHCARORA RICSKRVK. 11872. winluMl liy tlio wliito iiimi, Wiilcra, npj>aiontIy on liiii own account, linn «'(iiiii> into liis poKst'ssion '.' " Tlio C'oimiiidco aro plousfd to olmorvo tliut Homo of tlio Iiidiiin WdiiiiMi vi^it to rount of a l(Miclrtl liooks tlttcil for the liulians, anil would l)u ohli^'fd to you to ^;ivt> tliciu your views as to tin; flctails of Budi n sclit'UU', till' books wliiili would prove useful, and whether they could he purehaseil to the IxMt advaula;^e in Canada, or in this country. " In ret"('rene(> to Mrs. leaver's soliool, the t'onuuitteo will be j^lad to know what desks and other school rcipiisitcs you consider ishould be supplieil. ■• Your reply to the Uishoj) of Huron, deeliuin;,' to take a larf^er jvir- tion of th<> lieserve. and two more of Mr. l''.lliot's schools under your ••harf^e, excejit at the recpicst of llu- ("ouipany, meets with lln^ eiitiro approval of the ('ounuitliM< who do not think it would be eN|iedient that the area of your mission should be increased. You will recollect that, by their resolution |iassed \\\ September last, the (^onnuittec described the ( T avui'a s usca tatiou as ' comprisinj^ for the present Ktich parts of tho roru Heservc, south of the tlrand ISiver, as aro not included in •itlier of the v'nd or ;iril stations (the 'I'lisc arora mm I K anvuiiL'ch stations), and es])ecially the .school .sections to be formed for tho School Ni>. t\. now or late Mrs. Heaver's, and for any other schools not com- I>risod in the above mentioned sections." Oil the 1st ^fiircli, 187.^, tlio Committee ivocivcd the fol- h)wiiig extract IVom the Ucv. K. J. Itoberts' journal for the month of January, 1872. " Jiiiiunnj Int. IST'2. — Drove to Ikantford. but on arriving tlicro I found that all the stores were closed, and tho whole town enf^agod with elections. I found a parcel at the ' Express Olfice," containing a grant of prayer books. New Testaments, and catechisms, from the (.'hun-h Society Utr use in services and Sunday-schoids. " In the afternoon I visited two Indian families, and in tho evening, hy request, I went to a Now Year's feast, at the house of nn Onondaga named Isaac John. He resides on tlic river bank opposite Middleport, and though not actually within the boundaries of my mission lie and others of the same tribe oufsiUe my mission appeared to think that I was thfir missionary. Whrn I arrived at the house, I found it crowded 1872.] CAYUOA STATUlN. 281 thero with IiidiiinH of lioth hcxoh. I waH at onco tulJ tliat tlioy wIhIiciI tno to tako cliur^'n of tliu inootiii^ us chairman. • ••••• " It waH a most intiTCHtiiiK mccliiif,'. Aflor 1 linil oprncd willi oxtrni- \uiU) prayer, wo liail Hi'vcriil Hpccclies, cliicfly on rclii.;ime. Tho mooting was kept up l>y thi; Indians until nearly tlirei; o'eioek. I havo hocn t(dil that, after I left it, sonio white people from thn other Hido of tho river attempted to iliHtinh them. " 'I'uiHtliii/, JiiniKirji liiil. — A young Indian railed on me this (evening to ask for som is not attending any of our schools, and is not a student to whom th*; Company have made a grant, I did not feel warranted in acceding to his re(juest. However, I gavo liini a small I'jiglish dictionary of my own. l''rth. — I drove to Kanyungr>h for a Mrs. Millard (sister to Miss Cromhie), who is u highly fniucated lady, and wliom I was desirous of engaging as teaclior for the Onondaga seliool section. I brought her down to see it, but she was so discouragt-d by the ' loneli- ness ' of the place that she declined. Heretofore she has passed most of her life in cities, and therefore any country place, and much more tho Indian Kcuerve, would appear to her a ' solitude ' in which she could not exist. I drove on to Heaver's Bchool-liousc, and made anangc mtnts ■c ■^ 1 pi li' II r t III! m 283 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RKSEUVE. [1872. for holding Divine service there next Sunday, llctumed by the River lioad, and visited nn Indian woman who was sick. It was nearly ten o'clock wlicn wo reached lionie. " Siiturday, January (Uh. — Went to Onondnga to mail letters, make purcliases, etc. In the evening I drove Mrs. Millard back to Kan- yungeh. " Sitiulay, January 1th. — This was the first day I held Divine service in my mission. It was held in an upper room (tlie same in wliich Mrs. IJcaver's school is taught). We did not expect more than eight persons to come to it ; but we were agreeably surprised to find a congregation of 21 adults and 11 children, who, as to their tribes, were (adults), 7 Cay- ugas, 7 Mohawks, !i Nauticokes, 'i ' whites,' 3 Ououdagas ; the cliildreu were all Mohawks. " Monday January Hth. — Wo had two Cayuga Indians to dinner ; and in the evening an old chief of tlie Soneca tribe, who had been at a council to-day, came in, and requested pcnnission to remain all night, as it was too dark for Iiira to go homo, ^^'e sat up till twelve o'clock conversing witii the old man on ChrLstianity, education, and the schools. lie resides in my mission. A few years ago lie became a Christian, and in the course of our conversation tliis evening, he said that he wished to learn more about Christianity, and would be glad if I could procure hiri some pictures illustrative of Christ's work on earth. "January \Hh. — Wrote out a copy of my journal for the New England Company down to l>ecember Olst, 1H71, and then drove over to Onon- dnga to mail it, nnd also to meet a young Indian woman who was coming from the Hay of Quinte to teach the school in tlie Onondaga section. Slie did not arrive, but I received a note from Dr. Oronhya- tekha, stating that slie would arrive next Saturday. She is sister-in- law of tlic doctor. When I returned home I found a young Indian at my house, who was au applicant for the office of teacher, There are many applicants, but it is difficult to find one whose morals, as well as education, arc such as would qualify them for the office. The young man remained all night with us. " Wednesday, January lOth.—'Mrs. Roberts drove to Onondaga vil- lage to get our ponies shod. I remained at home, as almost the whole day Indians were calling on me. I did intend to go to the Onondoga school section, but my interpreter was sick last night, and very weak this moniiug. Two Indians had dinner with us. In the evening I was busy, arranging books for the Onondagas' school. The weather is un- usually mild. We have had no sleigliing for several days, but wheeling is g«x)d. Three or four Indians called in the morning to borrow books from my lending library (only consisting of about fifteen volumes aa yet). mm\ 1872.] CAYUGA STATION. 283 " Tho members of the Six Nations Agricultural Society had their anuual meeting today fur the election of oflicers. There was a large addition to the number of mcmbei'S. Thursday, January Wth. — Walked to the Onondaga section to look at tho work done on the old log-house which we are preparing for tho school. On my return, I received a letter from the liishop, requesting mo to go up next Wednesday to London, and that he would give me a licence for the Cayuga mission. " Saturday, January l^th. — Walked to tho Onondaga pagan Ijong- housc to witness tlie installation of four ' warriors ' in tho office of chiefs. The building is made of logs, and has a hole in the centre of the roof to let out the smoke. It was quite full of Indians — men, women, and children. When the ceremony began, two old chiefs (first one and tlien tlie other) walked up and down the length of the house, muttering some words in a sort of chanting tone. Tlu-n the strings of wampum (records of the past) were produced one by otie, and a liistory of each was given by a cliief; after wliicli about a dozen cliiefs sat down on two benches, facing each other, and commenced an examination of the strings. " As it was Saturday evening, and we were told that the proceedings would bo continued to a veiy late hour, we came away about ten o'clock. I and my two boys had an extremely cold walk home of three miles. I had to make them run to keep their hands and feet from freezing. " Sunday, January lith. — Borrowed a waggon from one of my Indian neighbours, and took ray whole family and a couple of Indians to our cliurch services. In Beaver's ' upper room ' we had a congregation of forty-nine persons. After tho service I organized a Sunday-school. Held service in the afternoon at Garlow's log-house (among the Onon- dagas). There were fifteen persons present. When we reached homo we found two Indians, who remained about three hours, and joined our family in singing hymns. " Monday, January 15th. — Brouglit Miss Hill to the Onondaga settle- ment, and opened school there. Twelve children attended to-day. Wo had a veetry meeting at Beaver's school, and aftex-wards drove four miles further to a missionary meeting in Caledonia (diocese of Toronto), at which I was requested to speak. On my way home I got rather snow-blind, and, when driving over a culvert covered with rotten boards, they gave way, and the front spring of my buggy was broken. Tied it tip as well as I could, and then, driving slowly, reached home at 2 o'clock A.M., very cold and fatigued. " Tuesday, January lOtk. — Set off for London. Mrs. Roberts drove \ i i ! \ 1 1 1 J ; , i il KL . 284 GRAND RIVER OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872, Was obliged to remain all night at me to Onondaga Railway Station Brantford. " Wednesday, January llth. — Arrived in London and had an inter- view with the Bisliop. He was very kind, and was evidently anxious to bring about harmony and co-operation between the Company's mis- Rionaries at the Grand Iliver lleserve. The Rev. Canon Nelles and Isaac Barefoot (one of the tcacliers at the Mohawk Institution) were present during the interview. The Bishop told me that he wished me to give up the Onondagas' school to the llev. Mr. Elliot, and to take charge of the school among tlie Dclawares and that which is now tauglit by George Powless. Mr. Nelles seemed to think that I could, and that I should do so ; but I told liini and tlie Bisliop that I could not take charge of, nor give up, any school without express authority from tlie New England Company. I said that I would hold Divine service in the mission allotted to me by his lordship, but could have nothing to do with Mr. Elliot's schools until I received instructions from tlie Company. The Bishop then requested me to write to the Company on the subject, and I promised to do so as soon as I returned home. The Bishop's cliaphiin being absent from London, I had to remain there overnight. In the evening there was a missionary meeting in Bishop- Crouyn Hall, presided over by his lordship. I was one of the speakers. " Thursday, January IBth. — A licence to the Cayuga mission was given to me to-day. It cuts off half the Onondaga school section (as allotted to me by the Company), and extends much further in another direction, including the Delaware settlement, in whicli the Rev. A. Elliot used occa.sionally to hold week-daj' services. It was late when I reached Brantford, and therefore I was oblig«d to remain tliere for the night. " Friday, January Idth. — ^^Valked seven miles on my way home. A heavy snow-storm coming on then, a friend took me tlie remaining five miles in his cutter. A white man had called this afternoon at my house, and left a request for me to visit liis mother, who is in a dying state. She resides eight or nine miles from here ; in the white settlement be- yond Kanyungeh, westwards. " Saturday, Jan. 20th. — Went to Brantford Market, and as we re- turned, I visited the sick woman of whom I received intelligence yes- terday. " Sunday, Jan. ilnt. — Held service at Beaver's and the Onondagas' schools. The congregations at both places were larger than on last Sunday. The old Seneca Cliief (Jesquoquo) made an address to the people after my sermon at the latter place, and urged the people to avail themselves of the opportunity which they now had of educating their children. 1872.J CAYUGA STATION. 285 " Monday, Janiinrt/ 21nd. — Attended a missionary meeting nt Onon- daga church (among tlie wliite settlers) ; the Rev. Canon Nelles, as Rural Dean, took the clmir, there being no missionary in the phice. There were four other clorgj'inen and myself present. I was one of the speakers. Mr. Nelles was more gracious to me than he liad been during the last two years. I hope the day is not far distant when he and the other missionaries will be on terms of greater amity willi me, and all co-operate in carrying on the important work of the New England Company among the Indians. Neither Mr. Elliot nor Mr. Chance was present at the meeting. " Tuesday, January 23;-d. — At home writing letters, etc. An Indian who was going home from a council of chiefs had dinner with us. " Wednesday, January 'iXth. — A missionary meeting was held in the beautiful church of Kanyungeh, the Rev. James Chance in the chair The meeting was not so large as in former years. The Revs. Nelles, Johnson, Salter, and T addressed the people. Mr. Elliot was not present. After the meeting I went on four miles further to visit a sick ' white ' woman, and administer the sacrament of the Lord's Supper to her. Mrs. Roberts, Miss Ci'ombie, and an Indian named Wedge were with me. Arrived home at 11 o'clock p.m.. and found a gentleman waiting to see me. Ho requested me to oflioiate at a funeral next morning at Caledonia, 10 miles off south-east, as the incumbent of that place is absent from home. " Thursday, January 2oth. — Off at daylight to Caledonia. The sleighing was good, but the weather was extremely cold. Officiated at the funeral, and as I returned home, I visited my two schools and a sick Indian. It was dark when I reached my house. Found that all our firewood was used up. Set to work and chopped up a log by moonlight. Drove 22 miles to-day. " Friday, January 2Ctth. — "Went over to the Onondaga township to buy hay, and then to the village to procure books, etc., lor the scliools. Mrs. R. was with me, and as we returned, we found the Eiver iload blocked up with snow. With some difficulty I got the horses and sleigli down to the ice. Mrs. R. was nearly frozen while awaiting me. Home by 10 o'clock p.m. " Saturday, January 21th. — At home. Mrs. Roberts drove to Brant- ford to do our marketing. In the afternoon I walked up to the Council- house to order a desk for the teacher of the Onondaga school. " Sunday, January 28th. — Three Indians came with me, Mrs. Roberts, and the children to the services among the Cayugas and Onondagas. We had good congregations at both places, and the Sunday-school was well attended. In the evening we visited a sick man. About dark the < !ii ii. ' ' I'V ii 1 ; i 1 ; t I i\ \i ;. 286 GRAND RIVEK Oil TUSCAROHA RKSERVE. [1872. tompcratnrc fell oojisidorably, and the weather lirpamo rough with snow- drifting. One of the Indians remained all niyht. " Monddi/, Januurij 29M. — At home at study and writing. In the nfternoon I drove out some dintancc to visit an Indian. Great quantities of wood are going oft' i\w RcRcrve every day. " TucDilitji, Jduwiiij 'M)th. — I remained at home hy appointment to meet the old Chief Seneca Johnson (Jcaquoquo). H»; came to ask for information on many topics both of a religious and secular character. "NVc remained up until 2 o'clock at night in conversation, in the course of wliioh ho told mo tiiat he had hecn in ' thirteen fujlits ' on bcluilf of the Jirilish Crown, and that at the time war cominencod in the year IHVi, he and other Indians wore told that they should receive 200 acres each, as a special reward for their services ; but the old man said, ' That promise was never fulfilled towards mo.' " ]Vednes(laii,Jiinuanj 31.t/. — Drove nine miles to visit a dying woman. Home at !> o'clock p.m. ; hands and feet almost stiifencd with cold. On entering our house I found Mrs. Iloberts giving a white man his supper. She told me that he lost his way in the bush. Ho said lie came from Jiondon, lOnglaud, last May, and that he was sent out from Urantford this morning to buy a load of wood from tne Iiidluns. It was the first time ho had ever com" out to 'this wild place,' he said. He got a load, but then lost his way iu the bush. Darkness was coming on ; his sleigh got fast in the branches and broken parts of a fallen tree, and not having much wood-craft he was unable to extricate them. Hearing tho sound of chopping going on at some distance, he went in that direction to look for aid ; but it was soon quite dark, and the sound of the chop- ping ceased. He tlien attempted to go back to his horses, but could not lind the place where ho had left them. After wandering about for an hour in tlic deep snow, and stumbling over decaying logs, he sat down almost worn out, and quite frightened lest tho liorses should perish with cold, and he himself bo frozen to death or devoured by wild beasts. After a little rest he made another effort to get out of his dangerous position, and fortunately he reached our ' clearing,' and saw a light. He was almost frozen when he came into the house. As soon as he finished his supper, I took a lantern and wont with him in search of liis horses. By following the trail I found them without much difficulty, but I had to cut through a thick oak-log and clear a road through the brushwood before we could get his horses and load out. The poor man put his horses in my stable, and remained all night with us. •' RoBEUT James Roberts." On the 2ntl April, 1872, the Committee requested the 1872.] CAYUGA STATION. 287 as he ,rch of iculty, gli the )r man Bishop of Huron to permit the licence to the Rev. R. J. Roberts to extend over the scliool sections as set out by the (,'ompany for tlic Rev. R. J. Roberts, with the addition, in consequenec of the age and infiruiitics of the Rev. Adam Elliot, of the Delaware Schools (Nos. 5 and 9), — the alteration proposed by his lordship being inexpedient, as the Indians had already elected trustees for the Cayuga and Onondaga school sections, and a school-house in one section and a site in another had been obtained. The Company declined to send Abraham Van Every'a daughter to the Hcllmuth Ladies' College, as they were desi- rous, instead of sending pupils to the Hcllmuth College, to take measures for raising the standard of education given at the Mohawk Institution. They also granted £5 to the Indian chief, John Seneca Johnson, to enable him to visit, as a lay missionary, among his own people, as recommended by the Rev. R. J. Roberts. On the 11th March, 1872, the Company received an address from certain Onondaga Indians, being the trustees of the school lately opened in the Onondaga school section, begging that this school, which had been opened with every prospect of success and usefulness under the able manage- ment of the Rev. Mr. Roberts, might be continued under his superintendence, and expressing their opinion that the schools under the Rev. R. J. Roberts had always been the best on the Reserve. The following letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts was received March 25th, 1872 : — "March 6th, 1872. " Since I received your letter I have had much conversation with Drs. Dee and Oronhyatekha, and others, with regard to the matter about which the Committee desire to have an expression of my opinion, viz. — the propriety of the Company's keeping in store a supply of lumber, to be sold to the Indians at half the cost price. They all, witliout exception, agree with me tliat if the Company were to do this, they would confer a great blessing upon the Indians, nnd enable thcni I uf 288 OIUNI) HIVKIl on TUSCAIIOHA ItCSKIiVK. (IH7*2. lo iimKt' thoir Iuhisi'm iiioro wiirin iiiul ('itnifDrtiilili' tliaii iiiiiny of tlii>iii nil' lit prcKiMit. ir. Iiitwcvri", lln' ('unijmiiy ihciili' nti rnriviiin mil tlio Hii;;);i>slii)ii, it iiiiiy |i)'i'liii)>s lie iiiiin< lulvisnlilit (iiiNli'itil nl' Kccpiii)^ in stori' II Hii|i|i|y iif IiimiIm rl In iillow ymir iniHHiotinry to f^ivr ' Onh'ts' iit liiilt' | Tor tlii> i|tiiiiilily rniiiirni liy cik-Ii inili\ iiliiiil 'riirrx iito H< liniilMr to Hiii'li Iiuliiuis in> piisiut iin (in/cr. hikI fuiij the niillowiur Inilf iho priro fur it. At tl>t> (Mill of <>iifli liiilf vi'iir I imiiM tnko ii|) tlio onlciH, iiiul ]Miy tlio inillo\viu most |iriii'ticiihh>, fciisihlc, mid siitisl'uctory to nil ))ifrtii's. It would, llioii, he in'rcsHiiry for int« to hcc thiit thf Ininlicr WHS nmdo »is«» of for tho hondjiilc ohjcfl for wliich it wiis Kiippliod ill tho rt'ihicfd nito. " With it'|,'ind to tho wator snpjdy and tlu' Ihitinmji' f,'t'tinrully of lh« Iiidiiiii dwidliii^^s ill my district, I shall < you full iiifoniiiitioii as soon as I oaii ohiiiiii statistics. I shall in my fiiliiro houstvto- house visitation mali<' inquiries ii|mii this Hiihjcct. " I may, however, here state that, a^ a f,'eneral rule, the TndianH iiro ImiUy supplied with ^'ooddrinluiii,' water; often indeed when thesiiiiiinors Hie dry, there is even a scarcity of water iii the swanipH and muiUy streams from which the ])eople procure their supply. liiist year was so very dry that some Indians did di^^ wells. Tin* (/real majority of the pciiple drink water which is unlit for ns(>, and thus much HicKiiess is caused. I fear that my own family may siill'er from the saino circumstance next summer. " Our pivsent ahode is close to a small and very muddy stream, which in summer is alm, IIS till' f.ciil in, lor llni niosl jmrl, ii hlill', liiird <'\ny, Woiiili-irnlly fri'ti from mIiiiii< " I fi'i'I iinicli ol»li^'i!il to llic ('niiiimiiy for iillmviii;^' mo hoiiki iiwHisI iiiK'K ill |iiittiii^' lJii< fi'iici'M iii'iir my ilwrlliii;^ in i^ooil onlrr. A-4 hoom iih tlio spring opium I nIiuII liiivn lli)> worl< ilonc. " III rrply lo your iiupiiry willi rifi'iniirn to .lolni Smicii .IoIiumou, I Ix't^ lo Hiiy Unit lit! lioiilij III) vriy iiMt'fiiliy riiiploycti in visilini,' lliti fiiiiiilitiM of llii> l'ii<^iiii IiiiliiiiiH, anil in iii;,'iii^ tln'iii intiro ^Hpcciiilly to hcikI their rhililrt'ii l.o llin hcIiooIh. 'I'ho old mini Iiiih, Hiiwo hit Ixtciimn il OliriHiiiiii, liDt'ii iilwiiyH most oxompliiry in liis i!oiiditi't. Iln iH a Htroiii^ iidvoriitn for t)iiiipi,'iiig him to work nmon}{ his pen))le, but I am far from thinkin^^ that that amount would be anylliiiiK' like an adeipiate remuneration for such work an ho could perform. Jf he reci^ived .'lO dollarH a year, and your miH.sionnry were allowed to procure sonie better dotbinj^ for liiin, or expend a Hmall sura of money in makiiij? his bouse more comfortable, I am suro the old chief would work with double encr{,'y in doing j,'ood amonj? his people. " In explanation of the apparent discrepancy in my course of action on the .Ust October and the 2nd November last, I be;.; to say thiit when I was requested on the former day to olliciatc at a marriaf^e, which was to take place on the and November, I told the Indian who made tho request tbat I could not ofliciato without the consent of the Itev. Mr. KUiot, as the marriage was to take place within liIs (ecclesiastical) laission. Mr Elliot was then asked for his con.sent, and lie, as I I J u PI ' 1 I f I i! 290 Oll.VND IIIVICR OR TUSCARORA Ui:SEKVE. L1872. cxpoftfil, <:;av(> it must williiif^ly; and, tlion^furo, on (hp ^nd Novcnihor, I jicrfoimfd tlifi ccrciniiip/. It wns ono nni^ho]i, as you are awaro, liiis now licensed me to llio lower part of Mr. Elliot's mission, r.s an indi'pendent parish, so that ministerial duties within its hounds are to bo discharged by me. " Tiie l)rlawares are anxious that I should hold senice in their scttlenu'iit; but 1 do not like to enter upon any regular jdan of labour nmong them until I know what is the mind of the Company with regard to the two hchool sections included within the district to which the Bishop has licensed me, and which are under Mr. KUiot's superinten- dence. " In compliance with the Committee's desire for information ' as to the Indian farms v orked by white men " on shares," or wholly by white men,' J beg to state thai, when a white man works a farm ' on .shares,' the general rule is for him to give the Indian owner one-third of Ihu products, as Itis n/unc, and as an eciuivalent for a money rental. The expression 'on shares' does not mean that the white man and the Indian owner of the land are in partiiersliip, and work tiie land together. The white num farms the land, and pays the Indum (his landlord) either a fixed sum of money as a rent, or (if he agree to work ' on Bhares') gives him one-tliird of the produce after the harvest is ga- thered in. "I do not think that the fact, that some white men are farming land in this way will lend to any inroads upon the rights and properties of the Indians. An Indian may rent his farm for oin- or more years, and at the end of that term he can, if he so dt sire, relet it. or easily of the Indians who let their farms, would work them tlmmselves. Ihit on the otlier hand, there are some who have inulin, ami pvefer to work at tiieir trade than on the farm; and again, other Indians have more than one lot, and therefore it is convenient to them to rent part of tli>ir lands to a white man or to an liulinn, for tliere are some Indians who occ.tsionall}- work land ' on shares.' " I am very glatl that you have asked for information relative to tho establishment of a lending library for the use of tlie Indians ; fur the time has como when, tliniugli tlie instrumentality of tlie ("umimny's schools, such an institution would be extremely useful. A great many of the Indians can read and understand Hnglish. I have lent several of my l;oi)k3 to them, i)ut as my small libniry is ehietly com- posec of works on tlieology or science, liiey are not suited to tin- gene- rality of Indian readers. Hooks on Agrieulture. Travels, History, bound volumes of ' Tlie Hand of Hope,' ' Leisure Hnur,' • iJritisli \v'orkman.' ' C'iiatterbox.' ete., would be read with avidity by our young men and women, (iood books, abounding with illustrations, would also be useful. " I think it would be more advisable to purchase them in Toronto than in England. The cost would be about the same, and then there would b« no charge for 'carriage' or ' freight.' Besides. I think tliat we, knowing the extent of the Indians' abilities and acquirements, and the sort of literature for which they have a taste, or which would be useful to them, would be best aide to make a selection. I hope I may be excused for making this latter statement. About £10 would snfTice, for the present, to estaldi-^h such a library for use in my mission. " For Mrs. Heaver's .school there is need of all school requisites except books, slates, paper, pens, and pencils. These I have already supplied. 'I'here are no desks in tlie school-room, nor can we convey any into it, as it is an upper room in Mr. lieaver's house, to which on^ has to ascend by stairs as narrow and as steep as a ladder \\y taking the materials up through tho window, the desks could be w.it/ a now rasion- locs not 1 on th« )1 -house needed y to the I of tlio he many igans, it ! district m of the i^ry great liot's ago [io far for r>' of I.. Dee, who n, has re- hose two I, and to MUiy may t men to into a standard ster worn Froncli, psorving ler. or the 1st to the tiuU'iits to 0, NVood- from Mr. atiotlior a it for any last week Company so. or any 1872.J CAVUGA STATION. J>03 % other building on the si.'c acres of land fur which a 'quit-claim' was given to liini in trust for the Company. As you will probably hear from ^Ir, lilomfiold shortly on the subject, I do not think it necessary (at least now) to ask tlic advice of a lawyer. The Baptists, and other religious denominations, have erected churches and mIiooIs on lots iu this licserve, for which no deed was ever given to them, and they are left in undisturbed possession of them. " KonK.nT Jamks Hobkius." On rcccii)t of the foregoing letter from the Rev. R. J. Roberts, the Treasurer offered to give him j£10 to pay the expense of a trial in l)oring for water iu his neighbourhood, an offer whieh the Committee aceepted with thanks. The Committee inereased their grant of £5 made on the 18th March, for the Indian chief, John Seneca Johnson, to a grant of £10 a year. The Committee also informed the Rev. R. J. Roberts that they disapproved of his sn','gestion to supply the Indians with lumber by means of orders ^ivcn l)y him on millowncrs near the Reserve, entitling the holders to receive lumber from the sawmills on pjiynjcnt of half the cost price, the remaining half to be paid by tlie Company. The following extracts from the journal of the Rev. Robert James Roberts for the month of February, 1872, were received March 28th :— " Filiniiiry Int. — Walked to John Hills to look after r-chool-desks ; then drove to the Onondaga school section, and visited nine fumilien and the schoul. " Feb. ith. — Sundiitj. — Held services at the Cayuga and Onondag.T. Bchool-rooms. Sixty-two perscms presiciit at the furiuer, ami twenty at the latter. At the couxlusitm of my sermons. Cliief .lohn Seneca John- son adilressed tlic congregations. Two Indians at tea witli us. " Feb. Kill. — Drove to tlie Di-hnvan! st ttlement and vi.sited two families, with a view to ascertaining the state of tliat part of the district to which the liisliop lias licensed me. Tiiis tribe almost all speak, or uiiii (and English. As we returned home, our sleigh-pole got broken, going through the snowih-ifts. I borrowed an axe from an Indian and Bpliced it. We were vcrj* cold wl.en we reached home, at 8 o'clcck •• Feb. lllh. — H»nday. — Ijorrowed n lumber-.«Ieigh.and took my family iSi i Ta M)t ORANU UIVKIl on TrnrAllOllA RKHKRVFI. [187?. I 4 mill olliiMs }<• i>( livcr'n initl tlir ( )iiiiiiilnj4iiii' srrviivH. An iiHiinl. iUvy wcro \M II iitlniilril. 'I'li<< Sniiiliiy srliiinl iHinrrciisiii^: we liiivr llir*M' cluNnfH : Mrs K^ilii'i't^ (niclii'H ()iu>, l>iv OnttiliviitililiiiH lirollur (Win. Miuliii), III!' stiuiiil, mill mi Iiiiliaii winiimi llic tliinl \Vt< liinl iliiiiirr witli uii liuliiiii fiiiiiily On mir rcliirii Id mir own liiiiisi> \vc rniinil futir IiniiiiiiH simiiling outsiilr. wlin rmnc In liilti< Ifii 'die/ nmis ; ' iiflir liii. two ur tliri'i> more nrrivoil, ninl joiiii>il Mrs. U in siiif^iiii^ liyiniis, cliiinls. fnilii|^;i> to I"' rrpiiirnl ; posd-il Irlli-i's, — llit'ii wont ilown llio river lo visit a sicK Imliiin wonimi. Iloiiii) lifter tiark. " /V/>. \'\lh. Kiiiniii!' Iii'iivily iiliiiosi nil diiy. I'oiir IniliiiiiH cnnir lo see us this eveiiiiij^, iiiul reiiiiiineil until al'trr ten. So ninny coiiiini.; Irei|iiently to iliniier iiinl leu, ete., is a s«>vere |ii\ upon our ineouie, miii \ et one iiMist lie, or iio pro^^ress eaii lie iiiiule aiiiong liie pii^'iiii list sei K In will tlirir eolitiili'lli e llllil lllt'i iliull, iillllollgll In. I lillis. ^^ e III it is II |iiii ' », very lieuv v iiinl Iniril lo lnur. /\ 1 rv to Id .1 II v. I>ro\e III the ()noniIii;^n selmol In exaiiiiue it. i >iie eliilil w;is in iilleiniaiiei The si-mlet l'i\er is ill the nei;.'hlioiirlioo(l, siinl the pnreiils are alninl to semi tin ir chililieii to llie sehoxl I eiilled at Iwo houses to a^k why the < hililieii were not at schi>ol, iiml the iiii'VMT 111 eiieli place was on iie< oiiiil of the searlet fevor.' Two Iinliiins eume lo my house this tviiiiii;,'. Alter lea one of tliiMii went away, and the oilier, who lived at a dislaiiee, remained ail iiijilit, as ihe weather was 80 Kevere. " l-'th. IH/A. — Suntiiiy, — Held l)ivino serviees at the Cayiii^a ami Oiioiultij^a ti>lioollu>iiseH, liolh »>l' which were tilled. Twenty oii« eluldrtm attended Siiiulay seliool at the I'ormer place. Seneca Johnson delivered an exoelleiit address lit the close of my sortmui in the aiieniuon. Three Cayupi IiuUaii.s came to leu with us tlii.^! evciiiii;,' " l-',li. WUli. — Drove to the Oiionilaj,'a settleiuent ; vi.siled the family of one of the school trusties, and some others, in one of which was ii |ioiir woman of the Mohawk trihe, very ill with pleurisy. She spoki) Kiif^lish, «'xpressed herself very lliaiikliil for my visit, and reqin'sted im; to call a>:ain Several Indians, adults as well as children, have been sick lately, with scarlet fever. Two or three were sick of that diseaso ill a house, nearly opposite to the school house On this account most of the children have been withdraw II fur the piesi nt from the .school. I m.ide imiuirits today, and was told the " fever ' was ahatiii;^. In tlio afternoon Mrs Uoherts drove out to visit a sick ehihl, and one or two Indian families. " Ffh. 'iiUh. — Five Indians, who were goin^^ lo a ten meeting nt tlio C^uncil-housr, called on ut- in the morning and I'maiued until evening. IH7 CAYl'OA RTATI(»N. 21)5 fimiily 'I'lio Kiiow in fast tliiiniii;.; In tin- iiflcrrKinii I druvc ncn.m In llic Kivllll, ami vi.->itiM| thn I- raiiiilDH. Il l>i'^'itii tn rain licriiM' I n^tiiriiiil. 'I'll)' l!ii|ilislH ImiitowciI iMir nii'loiliDti for llii'lr tni iiiccling, and MrH. il. |)lav<'il lur tJD'ni '• I'lh 'i\iil. — Al I'.iiir ciillin!^' wuihI, writini,', » (r " lull, 'iiiiil — Ciitlin;,' w I in llir rnnri'iuii. In tlic aflirnoun I >.n my Itn^'^'v. On llir way I nir wliniii la.Hl ynir I In M Sunday mrrvin-H. Tlu'y liinii;r|ii [irfsciitM nf variniis Kinds In nic and .Mr-*. Itnlnrls; I Mm. I»ii' and Oshmnc w*if nf till' parly, ami srvrral Indians wrii' alsn prrscnl II wn . ipiilr iaic al niijlil w Ik'Ii all wi ri' ;,'niii-. •■/'<'< :.\iil l>rci\f .Mr l;l"'iiiriili| In < airdniiia, and nii iIk; way (tninlrd nut In liilii IJit; hiliM nll'iri'd fnr III)' srlinni-i, clr., amnli;^' tins ( iiyu;^!!^ and ( inniida^'iiH. As I ntiMiKd. I vi.ilrd a few familiis, in lUir nf wliirji tliiri' Was a man .siri>. Si'i:,diin;,' wa.< very liad In 'lay. •• h'll). :'.\tli \\"iil In iliMiiUnid, and li.id my l>ii;,';,'y icpaind. On nlir way jiink. wr Were nldl;,'< d In dri\c alinllt a mile dnwii tli a ^x.nd 'hinrc, which lie liim I If allclid.. In. " /''ill. ".Will i diii\e In tie ('hippewiiy sctliemeiil, uiid j.'ave nolico of |)r O'i lecluit.s. .V ;^rcal ciumil nf warrinrs and wmiK n win h> id In day, lo dicide W hellu r the iiidi-criminale sale id' Wond In white peiipl'i Khnllid he iillnWed to continue. 'I'liey decided in tin: Iie^'alivc. It is, indeed, lii^li time to stop this iiidiscriiiiimilt; .Mile, for if it ho allowed to f^o on, the Indians will, in a few yi ars, lia\e sety little fuel fe theni- hilves. .\n immeii.ie (pianlity of wood has hecii taken away this winl-T. It would he well if the Indian department cnuhl ohtaiii aittlmrily to prevent the Indians from selling; any more-, ixcept what is cut oil land which they are clcarin;,' for cultivatinn. The ^'rellt Cmincil held In Jay was decitlcdly in favour of btufli Hullmrity heinj,' given. f' V h f 296 GRAND RIVKR OR TUSCARORA RESERVE. [1872. " Fi'li. •'."ith. — At home. Sent notices of Oronliyateklm's lectures in Viirious (lirecfions. Mrs. 11. took letters to post for me at Onondaga. " F, the first Vestry Meeting held in the Cayuga Iiidiaii Mi>he expressed a desire to come up this evening to get a few :h ;' ! I' I 208 ORANn UIVKK OR TUSCAUORA UKSKllVB. [IH72. ' 1 lessons from Mrs. H., T took her wifli ino. An Tiidiiin (one of tlin Ki st'nt Miink forms) of my two solioids for tho year ondod Juno ;totli, lH7l. Tlio roport was to ;,'ivc llic ■ nscrvf or hand,' ' nanio of (oaolior, ' salury," ' from what funds i)aid,' ' nnmhor of hoys.' ' nnmhir «if ^irls,' 'totals.' and * remarks. ' I wroto a n-ply slatinj,' that ono of my schools ( tho Onon- (hij^al was not in oxistonro at. that timo. and rcforrin;,' him for in- formation altont iho ollnr to \\v\ Mr. Illliot. as ho had tho snporinton- doiu-o of it then. Mr. (iilkison told nic (in his li'llcri that tin; infornui- tioii was nMjnirod for tho Supcrinttiidtiit (lomral's Kcport to rarliamcitt. " Miiiili stii — AlNr hroakfiist I ilrovo to Knnynn^^th mission to soo tho sick Jiiilian whom ] was yesterday reipiesled to visit. Went to the ]iarsona^'e then, with the yoini;,' nnin's sleplather, to apolo^^i/e to Mr. t'hance for visiting' one of iiis parishioners. We had dinner with !iim, and hail mncli conversation ahoni Indian affairs <,'enerally. and more ospciMally ahont the lust means of promoliii;,' tlii- ellieicney of the schools on the IJeserve. We were holh of opinion that it was desirahle that tlic Company s niis>ionaries should ho permilt<'d to form u Hoard of I'.xamination of Candidates for the olllee of Teachers, and that sneh only as pass a salisfaelory e\amimitiiin :honld he allowed U) teach. If this were done, it wonid stimulate all applicants for that ollice to seek hy stutly the necessary ;hin^'; and as my hu;,'},'y carries only two persons, and I do not like my children to he uhseiit from Siinday-Mcdiool, 1 ]>roeiire a wa^'i^on whentner it is possihle. Jjcst wo shonhl ' faint hy tho way, Mrs. U. pnerally takes u supply of sandwiches, and we thus dino as we drive from ono sclu>ol-house to the other. The congre;,'ntions nt hot h places were j^ood. The old chief ' Seneca ' gnvc nn address at the do.se of each sermon. I visited two sick Indians to-day. Several oases of smallpox have occurred in Ilrantford and mar tho Onondnga villaf^e. In the former place the nuniher is increasing. I felt it my duty to-day to advi.so tho Indians to have theniselvea vaccinated, and to warn ihem against going to where there was danger of infection. Through fear of tho disease, some ure jus>t now keeping their children nwftv from our schools. •• Mnrch llth. — Wrote ont copy of journal for last month and some ; ' i 1872.J CAYUOA STATION. 2U0 Iclirrs, wliii'li Mrs. 1'. Lrou^'lit ff cliii'lN WHS lii'lil to ^ walk (uliunt I'onrtmi or tittmi nii!<'Ki for li<>r. A ^ood many Indians wm; vaciinalcd to day in my misuion. " Miin/i \'iih — At luinii! reading and cnflin),' linwood. A youn^ Indian inno of Mr. Klliol's Iriudiirs) cnmu luin; this r ono to-morrow. Shu has heeii at the Mohawk Insliliilion. atid allhon;,'h youri;,'. hImj can read wry well. 'J'his laornin^' we iiad a snow-storm, hut the afternoon was warm ami the weather like that of spring'. " Murr/i I'llh. — ISemaimd at home, hy appointment, to meet thu chief, S< neea .luhiisuM. Had nhuut four hours conversation with hiju, in the Course of wliieli lie ;,'ave me an iiecouiit of the eliorls made hy the pa;(iins to iiiiliiee him to ^ivr up his profession of (.'hrisliiinity. They IhrealeniMl fo dejirive him of his chieftain.ship, and said they would not ;,'ive him any assi.>tance when h<; hecanie inlirm. They also hrouj^ht over Kome pa^^ans of j^real i.itlnence at tlie 'i'onawonda .settle- ment, i'l the State of New York. These men uddre.ssod Sonoca ui ^reat !en}^'lh on tlu; niti which (liny Hiiid) he had committed, and thu (lan;4er which he had incurred hy hecuuiin^' a (Jhrislian. Senccu ru- piii'd that iia^aiiism kept men in the dark, hut that Christianity cn- li;,'litelawarc settlement — it was a rough ride, jui^iping logs and fording swollen streams ; visited several houses, and remained some time in cacli :— Ist. Charles Jackson, a Delaware, was latolv married to a Tuacnrora 1872.] CAYUGA STATION*, 303 woman. lie tonclu;.^ the Dfluwnre scliool. In liis li()\isc also resides ft ' whilo' fiiinily, wlio work Jiickrton'H farm. One i)f tlic chiklroii was ill of fever. 211(1. Ja.s|)or Jones (part Indian, part noj^o). IIo was not at homo. I had a lon^ couver.sation willi two wonion, onn of wlioni was making a quilt. The liouse was of a wretched de.«.cription. 3rd. John Wilson, a Delanaro. House and otiior buildings very bad. No one at liotno. I rode into the woods, and observing; a trail followed it, and found part of the family at a su^ar camp. lie- mained there half an hour. Went on further tiirough the bush to the house of 4th. James "Wilson. It was a good building, but there was no garden, orchard, or stable. I urged him to make these necessary im- provements. Uetraced my way to the Delaware Concession, and rodo to nearly thf end of the settlement, and visited 5th. Cornelius Moses, one of the best men among tlio Delawares. In order to get to his house I had to tic up my horse in an old log- stable, and cross tho Hot )n Creek (which was greatly swollen) on a log M hich liad, luckily, stuck fast in a narrow place. His wife told me that they sutler much from ague eviry summer. The last family that I visited in that part of the Reserve were the * Bogles,' ' white ' jieoj^'ie. Bogle is an excellent man, and very industrious. He rents one of Cornelius Moi.:co' iots. After visiting a i'cw m :e families I turned back, and reachei^. home bespattered witii mud, Icct wet, andaltogctlier as weary as I could be. After I had gone to bed an Indian from a distance knocked at the door, and asked leave to remain all night. Wo gave uim a bed. "April (jth. — Home all day. My arm was a little stilTwith rheuma- tism, but I was able to assist in repairing the broken fence. " Sunday, April 7th. — Drove to the Cayuga and Onondaga districts, and held divine service in each. Floods crossed the roads in several places. My horses could scarcely go faster than a ' walk ' on account of the mud. Returned from the Onondaga settlement by a winding Indian track through the bush, and had to drive through several deep pools of water. Three Indians to tea this evening, after which they joined Mrs. Roberts in singing hymns. One of them, being rather un> well, remained all night. " April 8th. — Intended, if possible, to remain at home all this week, as my ponies need rest, and the roads are execrable. An old pagan chief of the Onondagas borrowed my shotgun this morning. He was going down the river for a few wccis to shoot musk rats. Some other Indians called during the day, and Ivro of them had dinner with w. '■ 1 1 ' ; im ■ ,t I U)l (iUVNI) IIIVKU OK TUSCAKOKA III KliVK. [1872. ^' April [)(h, — l!o(l(" to lilt* Oiion(ln;;n scliool this foronoDn. It wan rpojH'ued yoHtcnlny nftor liu* I'^astor vi;catioii. Tlir IfMcluT. wlio is quito a younn Moiiiaii, apiu'ars to bo vory nttciitivc to hor diititH. Visi':» aftfrnoon n cliior, namcJ Timothy Ihirniti^, ranu* to my houso to nsk if his nitvo, nii orphan );ir!, I'ouM ho sont to soino sohool. whoro she oouhl ncciv*' such fiirllior instruction ns Wduhl fit her for llio oiHco of toachor. Mrs. Kohorlu ualkodout this ovcnin); to visit a little Indian (;ii-l (atiout a niilo ol!) who is dvin^j of consumption. "April Wth. — Itoads very had. TheClrand Kivor is risin'j. Spent part of the day studyinjj Moliawk, etc., with my interpreter. Tv^o Indians lici-e to tea. one remained all ni^'ht. " Aj'ril lil/i. — Kainiiti; all day. In tlio afternoon I rode to tlie houso of the chief (Timothy Hiirnin^) four miles distant, to nee his niece, the orphan, whom ho wishes to ho educated for the ollieeof schooUteachor. She was making a iiuilt when I went into the house. Coining; homo I got thoroughly drenched, called to see the little Indian girl dying of con- sumption. Two Indians again to tea. One stayed all night with u^, for the rain has Icll the roads almost impassable. " April I'M/i. — At home. I'lantod .some pine-trees in front of our little house. There was a very high wind nil day, which threatened to uproot them again. Two IntUar^s, returning from Hrantt'ord, eumo in to rest themselves and had ten with us. '■ Siiiuliif/, April XUfi. — Ilode on hoisebark to the (.'ayiiga district. Mrs. Uoborls an ' the interpreter wont down in the bugcy, but the nmd was BO bad they ilid not get there until after divine aervieo had com- jnenced. From the Cayugas I went alone to the I'eluwuro settlenu-nt. The IJoston * creek ' (rive"*) was Hooded, and I had to take to the woods — lost my way — but reached the schooMiouso in time to hold iior\*ice. My interpreter officiated at the Onondaga Schoobhouso. I was homo about sunset, having ridden 17.J miles, most of the way being through mud and pools of water. Tliroe youn,' men came in at toa-timo, and aftc-wards joined Mrs. Roberts at the melodeon. singing liynih. ** April \'>(fi. — There was a slight frost last night, and this forenoon was warm. The Indiaui went out in great ivunibers to mak'j sugar in the bush, but about midday the temperature fell rap dly, and a snow- storm ciinie on, nhich put a stop to their work. " Ajo'il W'fh. — .\ii Indian called on me early this morning, with a [IS7'2. li \\m wlio is iliiti«». •inuiiKil IiiiliitiiH 'rust li:i!« , nainoil orpl'.im I furtluT Holtorln luilo oil) SjUMlt r. Two iliplumso nioci', the l-tfacluT. jT homo I njfof coM- wilh us, ut of our •nli-noil to I, cunu' it» n ilinlriot. t ilu« l-i'lltl hiul coiii- I'ltU'lUlMlt. kf to the ii> to lio'.il ■lioune. 1 f tlio way ntiio ill at )it. flingiitg foreiH)Oii y »u«ar in il n Hiioxv- lit;, with « 1«72.] CAYl'OA ST.VTIOV. 3()£ roquest timt I wouKJ visit n mnii who \» fur gone in coiisimipti' I wont off nt oiicf to hoc him. Ik- liail b«'oii n (iioniiiial) Chrinti' .,iil like many uthoro in litis tiM mioion of Mr. Mlliut's, lu; liail part ally lapsod into ])agani>Mn. Ilo was now uncle" the «'aro ofiiai,"" MU'iiitliic- men, nnil, aooonliiij; to thoir jinictico, tlioy liad liini olosoly "cr-* ie«i off in n oornor with i lunKots, ttc, hd that no ouo sliouKI sco him. Close to his ourtainoil If. .1 was u larj^o slnvo with a liro in ii, the hoal from whioh, and tho coiilinod at iii(i!<|ihcro, was onoii^h to hriiij^'oti some other diHooHe. Tho sick nuin to!d me that the pagans had undortalun to curu liini, and tlmt tlioir mode of |>r<>eoodin^ wari to wi ar masks (liidcouH look '"K fac rs mailo o f w. onrry Iiini outside, shako him wt •II. am Boattor ashoa over him. My interprolor was not permitted to see him, hut I wn» allowed to i{o bihind tlie eurtain. Wo had a loiijj oonvorsa- tiou. the rosiilt of which was. that lio said hu would give up his old At I lis re- Ili ways, and, with divino aid. endeavour to Itrict to visit .some families. Ill the evening,' Mrs. 15. went with me to u teniperanoo meoliii;,' at the .sohool house there, " April lfrove nine miles and walked nine to-day. '• April i-liiil. — Walkcil to the I)ehiware settb'inent, seven niibs dis- tant — hidd divine .service' — attended a vestry n. 'ing. at whiih chureh- wardt US for that eongiegation were Mp]iointed. Went then to tlieh«>iis«! of a Mr. Samuel llogle. and ofliciated at t!. ; marriage of an Imli.m couple. The man wa.s a Chippeway, and the young woman a Mohawk. Home by dusk. •' April Q.T/i/, — At homo, planting trees ronml our little house, and emleavoiiring to nnikc a garden in tlie hard, still', clay soil. Th" rub- ! I * 1 ^1 fi t ft ?! i ( . t f * t 1 3 ] I , 1 11^ n. 300 GRANI) HIVER OK Tl'SCAUORA IlESERVK. [1872. I)ish of ycnrs luul to ho niovoil, nnd limps of |,'nrlmf^o niul fetid mnttor l)urii< il lip. It is 11 Wonder tlio former occiipimts of this jiluco wvrc not colli iiiuiilly on tlie sickliut. " Mrs. ]{. liiid j,'oin,' nwiiy this cvriiiii^j to sit up nil iii^'ht with tlinsiclc Indian girl. 'NVo Imvo just lunrd that ii Mohawk, named David Gri'tn, was niiirilcrod last night l>y his two midicws. ()ii.« of the young mnr- driviH had hi'on fit tin; Mohawk Inslitntion a few years ago. His namo is Nelson Heiiiiawk. Jt is vejiorled tlnit they w;"o jmrtly intoxioult'd ut the time tliey eommitted tiie dreadfnl d*'ed. " Ainil 'Alh. — Mrs. ]{. reluriitd tliis morning, qniti! weary with tho night's vigil. Sho said tho ehild was growing weaker. I went oil' to Ml! her. In tho afternoon Mrs, K. and ollieis eame with mo to tho weekly tonipeninee m<((ing in tlio Onondaga School house (No. Id). Home hy \'i oelook midnight. " Afivil •-.'.'!//*. — Working in my garden, etc. Sovoriil ladiiuiH cnino to see mo in the ooiuno of the afternoon, " ,//(((/ JCi/A, — Drove to Mrs. IVaver's sehoid. nnd oxnminod somo of tho classes. Visited eight families in that neighlioiirhiMid, nnd two sick tiioii. Met two young pagans on the roiid and had a long conversation witli them on edueation and religion. One of them, named Smoke, said In; would eonie to our eliuieli servii'e next Sunday. (May 7th, he kept his word, and onnio last Sunday al.-ot. Ahoiit dusk I wiui opposite Mii|dle|iort. I crossed uvi-r to mail a letter, nwt two yoiiiig uhilt- iin-n. who urgently lenuested me to go witli tlv, m to their liouse : saying that their father was gored to death hy ft hull Visteiday, and that their mother WHS dangerously ill. I wont with them — remained until 11 o'floek. and reaelieil home at hnlfpast 12. " J/nil •■ilili. — Walked to Middhpoit, und ofticiated at tho funonil of tho ' white ' mnn Ileceived n note this evening from Canon NtUeH, reiiuesting mo to nttond a conference of the Company'a iiiissiouaries on Thui'sday next. " .l/'//i '2'*lli — llireil ft waggon nnd took my own family and othcrB t«i tho horvicos in the Cayuga S. Ho. Sent tho intorpn it'r to the nftor- noon service in tin- Onondaga district. I walked with my eldest hoy to tlie Delaware settli nient. ami preached to n Miiall longregatiun. Homo nt ilusk, I aving walked eleven miles. Some young Indians came in the evening to ' shig hymm»" with Mrs. Ivoherts. They are very fond of Kftcrod n. iisic. " Ai>n viiu/i. — The little girl who hail heen .so long ill with con.sump- tion, d> d this morning, Mrs Hoherts went to the Imnso to assist soinu Iiniiia women in mnking her sliroud. I drove over to the two KcluMdit. Nort. ."i and '.», and caiifully i \aniined the pupils There wero only ton 1872.] CAYUGA STATION. 307 in oftch. Piith Schnnl -houses nro I)nn$rf, Onn of them in fitUtl up with lon^' bcuHu's for u^o on Sumhiys at riliijiiiHs iriritrn, Imt ihcrc arc no joi'iicr frr th< m tn nn-, I Imvc. I»y iii-.tructii»n t>f tlm ('oni|>iiiiy, taken rliiir;,'t! of tlnin ll.is liiv. Tin- ti'iiclnr of No V Srliunl coni|)laintMl to nu; tliat sonio person had ii|)cn<'il his desk ami takm hooks out of it. It was latr wli.n I r«iu'h< d ImiiH', liaviuK driven twuntylivo miles. Al'ler da Mrs. U. came witli me to tin' Ikuim; whero the youii;,' j.;irl was lyin;,' dead. Jt wa.s lilh'cl with men and women. I, nt their rei|iiist, read a pDrtion of tlio Scripture auil addressed tlio people, and afli r wo had jtravfr t)u;y united in sin;,'iiiji hymnn until ii hite Inmr. Wu rauio iiway lit li o'clock a.m., hut sonio remained all ni{,'ht. " .(jiiil :U)th. — At home; Buvcral parties — ' wliito.s ' and Indian*— callud tu turn mu." The followiuf; tire, cxtratrts from the journ.'il of the Rev. Ilohcrt Jnnics Uobcrta, fur the month of May, received 8th Jiilv:— "May \it, IHTJ. — 1 olfieinted to-dnj' nt the funeml of nn Indian jjirl, i^.nied Snrali Hill, nt tlit; ]hiptist rhn|te|. near tin* ('ouneil-houiic. There was ii larj.'e ^"ifln^rinj^ <>f Indians, and I prearhed fmin Heltrewn Ucli v.'7 V, In the evening,' we hind a lumher wa;,'|,'<>ii, and took five or six of our nei;;hhours to a t> mpi-ranee nwetin^' in tin ()nonda;^'a di>lri<-t. We are doiu},' our utmost just now to prnmot<> liahif- of sohriety nniong the people of our mission, sonn- of wliom arc sndly addieted to intem- peraMre. On this oeeasion I delivereil n !■ ire on the suhject. Wi Wert' not houu" until after niidni;4ht, Thisi..^, wnn wet. " SuhJii;/, Mill/ 'itli. — Hidd ilivine Kprvieo at ihf < ayn-.'n and Onon* da;,'a ^lations. The eonj^'re^jation^ arc •steadily impr.n > Some youu); nuMi and women, win) are pa;;nn><, ronu' to lli< ni almost overv Sn?id»y. In tho i'ViMiin^, nt 7 o'elock, I preaehed n third timo tn a whito ron}(n.>- fjation nt MiMdleport eliureh It was a funeral sermon, nnd the churrh was epiwded to i\s. 1 had l> a with an Indian family, on that >•■ of the river, and reaehed ImLM- hy I'l o'eloeK ivm. " Miijf Rtli. — Kniploye.l an Indian to plou;,di aUiut three nrre« of ground at the Imek of my hoUMv It is very jioor in rouseijuenee of the wretehed nninner in whieh it had heen farmed in jiast years hy the Indian owner, 'i'lu: initives arv in the liahit of taking,' the snnw rrop yenr after yenr. olf th« same Innd, without nmnurin;,' It is only hy dogrees they nro lenrniu); tlio vnlue of ninnure, nnd the neeessily for a x2 ft ■■ ■! in .' ( noH ORANn IIIVKII OR TI'SCAROUA RKSKRVK. [JS72. 'Mtiition of rrnji^.' It is n<>l ru^v to Imy a loml of yoixl hiiy on (lie Ki'si'ivi', lit>nins«t so few i>f (lu' |h>o|iIc luy down llnirlunil with ' tiniotliy mill ilovcr.' •■ III till' ovcniii„' Mrs HoImtIs riinu* with nio to u (« niri>liti<^' nnir tlii< Couiu-il Iioiiki>. Wk uri) tiyiii>^ li>c>>tuhh->h ii ' 'I'otiil Al»tiiivn<'u' SiM'it'ly thiTo. " Mtiji 'ith. — Visited n S<-n»'Cft finuily thin morning;. In tho nfti'rnoon KoWfd soin<' f,'illdi'll s Is. " .!/ Kccd At dii-k I nvcivtd n note froni Or. Oroiihyiili'khii. ( Iniiid Worthy (hi-f 'r<'iii|diii' of Cannda, iiiforniiii<,' iiia, that hi' \\'>nM i'oiiii> dnwii ifroiii S) .;ifoi'i|i on I'liihir next to itihlitiito a lodj^i' of '(iooil 'i'l'iiij'hirs ' in tin' (Mionda),'!i sri lion of my niis-.ion. Ah thtTf was to lie n iiii'<-tin^' tiit-rc this ovcnin^;, 1 walked to it, and madi' thi' in'«'«'ssary lui'itaratioiH Homo hy half past twi-Ivi- oClock. Mr Oiiinhyatikha'^ Indian ^tiidont caiin- Ixir this cvoiiin^ and ro- niaiiK d all ni^ht " Miiij !<'//«. — Soino person totdt ri portion of our fonco dh. which is vi TV fxlcii^ivi' round this piaetv I ami two otinrs wmt in st'ai'i'h of thrin, hut did not liiul tluni until i o'llo. k i-.ti. It was too la(t> thfii for nio to ^o to tlu> coiifcrfni'i' at tho institution. In tho ovoiiin;; I had an altai'k of a^'uo. Mrs. Kohorts and thi' inli'r|irotdd in thuOnonda^'a solmol- hou.so. lind I walkid with my oIdr->t I>oy to the I)eIawaro sootion. wlaro I had n mixed ooii^ri ;4Mtion of whites and Indians to proaoh to. As wo wore walking,' Immo throii^^h the husli, my little Imy ^'ot siek, and },'railu- iK'oamo w'orrto, ro that I wns in ^roat ularni. I feared that ho aIIv Would haw to lii> down in tlio wood . and there was no oiu! lure to run- dor nil) any assisfanoo whatsoever. Wo had to poss throu;,'h u rather Kwnmpy district, nuil it wns not ver}* easy for mo to lu Ip him over tho wot pluoes on rotten Ioi^'r. hut wo ^>>l liomo at la.st, at n lato hour. Wo Walked «devon miles. Fi\o youn^J nn n and woinon (Indians" had \>rvn at ton, Hiid wcro Riiit^'in^ with Mrn. U whuu wo reuohod tliv iiuuso, tho Iml Iwinj* rorj" woury and niok. 1872.] CAYUOA STATION. 301) " M'lij n//<. — My «on wuh ihik'Ii hflltT lliis iiiMrniti|«. I rfiiiiiiiu'it at hoiii«> |iliuitiii^' I'orii, mill ({iltiii;; a liUlu uiiti mid puiid M>\vn. Suvi-iul liuliHiiH ciiUod to SCO iiiu liidiiy. " Miiij \Xlh. — Visited Htvoriil Indians rchidiiiK inur iin'. •■iidciiv><'li wi; lii-ld lit tlic uvi'iiiii;^' ill th'- liiill iK.'iir tlic ('oiiiiciliious*.-. 'I'Iil* Idv. Mr. Chuin-o ciillod on iiio to-duy. ]I>! iisk^'d mo for some rojiiiis of lliu furiii.i of rt'itort wliicli I ^'ot iiriiitt'd for my schlti. I (^'riv<> liiiii thirty. " M'lij V>th. — At my HHK;,'t-.tioii my iiiU-'iimlir Im.-i coiiimiiici'd di>,'- y^w^ a \v< II close to his r* .siduiin*, luiir thu (.'oiiiicil liunsi.'. He i>.liudly oir for wiitor. Wu hiivu heeit {^'urdeiiin^' and ^o^vin;,' peait loduy. Tlio Hoil (a siroiiji <'l'»y) has heeii Worn out. It i^< ul^o very roii^di, hut I want to hiiuw tilt! Iiuliaiis what eaii he iloiu^ hy ^ood fm iiiiii;,', e\eii oil a Hiiiall .scali;, althou^^li tlio work of tliin uuu year will not rupay fXpenseH. " M^iij llth — A |>a;;an worann of thu Seinca trihc cnmo Iierc tlii.>i morning' to horrou money from mo. I lould ni>t at)<>rd to lend her any, as I liavti already lost mu<-h hy lending' to Iiiilian.s. As a p-neral rule, it is not ailvisahle to ltilute Indians. I'.veiy day, iiIiimmI, during last month and the |ires<'iit, my m i;;hlionr-< enm<; to me for thu loan of HUcli articles. If I had a plough, harrows, a • ultivator. and a few iiiiue necessary articles, tiny would last for M>me yeain. and hv leiidiii;^' them to the poorer {mliiins much ({ood miulit ho done. 1 hief Seneca Jursci int< tidid to make ruin ' .o, hut ( presuni:) that cu(i>m has. witli Ihem.juHt ihn same iiK-aiiin;.' an the ■ prayer for rain in our Jiitnr;;y, The pa^'aiin iMlieVe that