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Tous les autras exemplairas originaux sont filmAs en commengant par la premiAre paga qui comporta una empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la darniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, il est filmA A partir de i'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, at de haut en bas. en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrent ia mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 m [NlW ! !: • 'Y ■■ ;, ■. ' 1 l:|,V, First History of Rosslani B* C WITH SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT Cm^NS, FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS. f I ly PUBLBHBDBY STUNDBN * ferine; RooUodi, B. C PRICE 50c /f^T THE MOUNTAINS. By Howaurd T. Lee. God loves the mountains. Since earth's primil days, When pony man awoke to light and life. His steps have haunted all their mystic ways, Above, remote from pettjr human strife. Man's monuments endure but for a day. But these eternal in their streng^th alway. How little all thing:s human builded seem I The noarbled pomp of proud imperial Rome ; The Tower of Babel, but a madman's dream j The boast of Grecian art, St. Peter's dome } The pig:my pyramids, the Pharaoh's pride. How like to motes our mig^hty peaks besides! We proudly choose some fondly cherished spot. And rear our shafts for future eyes to see, A little time, and lol our works are not ; They perish as the leaves that fall, but ye Have stood in strengfth since immemorial time. And still shall stand, forever more sublime. Beloved by Nature fond, the sun's first rays Bask on each crown in ecstasy of bliss With soft caress, and his last ling:erins blaze The towering: purple summits softly kiss. Ere yet he sinks within the golden west And leaves the world to solitude and rest. The mountains have been Freedom's safe retreat From tyraimy, since Time's first early dawn ; Here Liberty has fled with bleeding feet When in the plain all light and hope had flown ; And standing proudly on the towering height Has bid definance to the tytant's might. O mighty peaks, so all supremely grand ! Springing to meet the azure vault above, Warding from storm the slumbering, peaceful land, Bending o'er all with tender, ceaseless love ; Watch still, mute sentries, set by Him on high To guard us during life and point us to the sky. A History of Rossland and the Trail Creek District* WRITTEN BY HAROLD KINGSMUX. iNthe late fifties and the earlier years of the sixties, the province of British Colum- bia was the scene of placer gold mining excitements. Golden Cariboo, and Cassiar in the north were turning out their mil- lions of the yellow metal in nuggets and dust. When the news reached Victoria of the fabulously rich diggings on Wild Horse Creek in far away East Kootenay, there was another stampede; and to facili- tate the transportation of supplies, and to ensure a means of communication with Pacific coast points, the existing govern- ment undertook the construction of the now celebrated Dewdney trail. This trail started from Shope on the Krascr river and as nearly as possible paralleled the international boundary line to Wild Horse creek in East Kootenay. At the Columbia river crossing a small stream was followed from its mouth to its source, and from this fact was called Trail creek. The work of construction was under the direct supervision of Edgar Dewdney, a young civil engineer, and now lieutenant- governor of this province. This part of the trail was completed in the summer of 1861. This is also the first authentic account of the advent of the white man in the now celebrated Trail CreeV: district, though it is presumed that the trappers and traders of the Hudson Bay company had been through the country many years an- terior to the advent of trail builders' visit. It is definitely knc n that these early pioneers did not find any evidences of the existence of the mineral deposits of this camp. How they missed it is a wonder, and is only explaineil by the fact that they did not want quartz mines, and would not have been in a position, by reason of transportation, smelting, and other difHculties, to have worked them successfully. Nothing is now known of the district's history, or lack of it, for a period of twenty-five years. In the years 1884, 1885 and 1886, a pla- cer excitement on Rock creek, some eighty miles to the west of Trail creek, and the discovery of a fine free milling gold quartz lead on the Cariboo claim, caused not a little excitement among the few hardy pioneers who were in the coun- try at that time. As a direct consequence of this strike a few venturesome spirits started prospecting all over the surround- ing country. Two prospectors, George Bow- emian and George Leyson, pushed their way eastward, following the course of the old Dewdney trail as nearly as possible. In July, 1887, they uncoverend on '^ or a con- trolling interest in the property tor |!l6,ooo.oo. The news of the strike spreading around Nelson caused a regular stampede to the new Eldorado, and a .small army of pros- pectors were soon in the camp, and in July, 1890, Satn St. Onge, Fred Cabana, Bill Springer, Charlie Dronin, Sam Cres- ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTJUCT 4 'A tow, Harry Shcran and Jemmy Maher. anil others arrived in the district. Among others, the following locations nia 11.00 per ton. This contract in :idilitioii to clearlv fore- I ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL C31EEK DISTRICT I them a niinimuin th of War KaKle. ar Kagle and the were ({iveii much •s»Han-Jiei>ini> and te of Washington, rail Creek district ■ the eyes of every man in the north- which resulted in :amp, a world wide gan. From that day there never to the wonderful nderful camp. In very well known west was heading )y the middle of piece of ground ct in some places !en made to cover lital soon followed ers the following were early on the :e, J B. Jones, C. .S. !, A. E. Humph- I. Silverman, and in the month of n a close radius of ti bonded, disputes d mineral claims the present West lidated, had been nen put to work es, clearing away jbstacles prepara- ning. d entirely disap- jacent and tribu- amp were literally :ting for precious ider and Crown most important IS of the year 1895. re resumed on the which had laid from the JumlK) enay on the east s being carried oM Orders for the sor and hoisting t occurrence, and lil Creek district appearance of a ). reatest and most e year was the ct by the Le Roi impany with Mr. intract called for ; to be delivered Roi dump, he to It $11.00 per ton. I to dcarlv fore- stalling the speedy erection of a smelting plant in close proximity to the mines of the camp reduced the figure of freight of the record of the camp, and need have and farm product', .\ccordingly, in the no fear for its future. The reajions for ; following month, the owners, Mr. Tlioniii- this belief are manifold. The construe- • son having in the meantime traded mi and treatment of sulphide ores five dollars I tion of the Crow's Nest I'ass railway will interest in the lownsite to John R. Cook, and fifty cents per ton, thereby giving | reduce materially the cost of smelting, struck a bargain with J. Kred Rili-hie. much encouragement to the ownersoflow i and though the Le Roi smelter is being then the leading land surveyor at Nelst)n, grade ores. Too much cannot be .said in j built in the dominions of I'ncle Sam, it and the townsite was platted. It was dt- praise of Mr. Heinze for his unbounded will no doubt give much needed compe- cided to call the town Thompson, in faith in the Trail Creek district at a period tition in the smelting business, thereby honor of its locator, but this name not when mining development had not nearly helping the owners of Trail Creeks' mam- being sonorous enough, at least so con- proved the possibilities of the district as I moth deposits of low grade sulphide ores, sidered by the postal authorities, who they are known to-day. j j al.so raised the point that the name The place of erection of the .Smelter at ! poRMATION OF THE DISTRICT i would conflict with villages of the same first caused nmch speculation, but the ' j nomenclature in other parts of the prov- ground for the works was broken at Trail In the formation of the district the pre- ince, a change was made to Rosslaiul. in September, and the work of construe- j vailing rock is a greenstone in all its Lots were immediately placed on sale, tion carried rapidly forward. The plant ! various refinements of nomenclature, but William Melville (otherwise Judge) New- was first placed in operation in February j mostly diorite, syenite, porphyry— tlioritc ton having been made agent for the town- of the following year and has from that i of all shades and textures, owing to its site company. . day employed aoo men in ths reiluction ' constituents, viz.: feldspar, pyroxene and The choicest lots readily brought Jt.^o.oo of Trail Creek ores. hornblende l)eing variously proportioned, apiece, the purchasers mainly being the In the year 1895 development work j These nioimtain masses of diorite are prospectors and miners who had actjuiri-il proceeded steadily onward in the mines | riven in .several directions, but mainly on mining interests in the camp. David of the camp. Kach day's work showed up , east and west lines, by a series of true ' Stussi Was the first to erect a small buihl- more ore in sight tb n the day before. 1 fis.sure veins. The.se veins are filled with ■ ing out of lumlx-r that had been saved Innumerable companiL-s good, fly-by-night i a massive mixture of iron and copper sul- from the raging waters of the Columbia and indifferent were formed for the de- \ phides, consisting of a pyrile, chalco- at Boundary City. This building stood on velopment of the Trail Creek mines; and j pyrite. arseno-pyrite, pyrrhotite and mis- ' the site of the present Pacific hotel, near hundreds of thousands of shares were | pickel, in a quartz and calcspar gangue. the west end of Columbia avenue. He placed throughout the length and breadth I This ore is not often crystallized, but is put in a limited stock of goods, and in of the land. Much has been said for and against this method of obtaining funds for the development of mines and the usually in a solid amorphous mass, carry- ' addition his store constituted the post- ing one to three ounces in gold, three to office of the place. The next building was built by Thomas Miller and John McDonald out of hewn logs. This build- ing was recently torn down, and its site is now occupied by the handsome block of (ioodeve Brothers, the ilruggists. For a perioeen paid prompt- actual mining development ca Tied on in ly for the work he did in a sawmill at the camp during the two previous years Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, in the summer of was certainly the only means of convinc- 1891, the site of what is now destined to ing the promoters of two railroad com- be the largest city in the interior of the | Government at Rossland, ami in addition panies that the mines of the camp yielded province of British Columbia would have ' to being the recording office of the dis- enough tonnage of ore and other business another name tha- Rossland. Ross I trict, it was also the gaol and the court to warrant construction. Th? Columbia Thompson landed at Trail in the fall of house. The third building was soon and Western was completed in June 1896, 1891, and after some prospecting trips ; afterwards erected at the north-west cor- the Red Mountain (a branch of the Spo- through the district, he concluded that , ner of Columbia avenue an«i Spokane kane Falls and Northern) six months the Trail Creek district was good enough street by John Kdgren, who, upon its later. for him, and witn an eye to future busi- completion opened a small store. About The resume comes to the Trail Creek ness he filed a pre-emption on the one the same time the townsite company camp of to-day, its merits and demerits. Tiie consensus of opinion of unbiased mining men being that "t is without a peer (for its age and advantages) as a gold copper producer in .America. Six mines are we2kly shipping an rggregate commenced the erection of the Clifton hotel. This building was completed early in July, and on the twelfth day of that month it was opened by Alex. I,ynch (at hundred and sixty acres that are now covered by the city of Rossland. In May, 1892, he built a log cabin now , ! occupied by the store of Enipey Bros, and I a barber shop, on the south side of Coluin- ] present local manager of Thomas Wilson I bia avenue. In June he moved into it, : &. Co., of this city), and J. M. Stewart, of 2000 tons, the value of which may be and for three years, in addition to l)eing Mes-srs. Lynch and .Stewart brought a roughly placed at $50,033. Development the home of the builder, it was a refuge .stock of goods from Trail, and opened a work in half a dozen other properties : at times fr revery old timer in the district small store in the CliTton in the space now warrants the belief that this present out- who was unable to get the bearings of his occupied by the dining room. Karly in put will be doubled if not trebled during i own habitation. \ August Ross Thompson started work on the coming year. In May, 1894, Mr. Thompson obtained ! the Rossland hotel building; and Rlie The pnst and present of this camp cer- a crown grant for hispre-emption, and he ! Lavalley built a habitation for his shoc- tainly rroclaims in no unmistakable then, with much wisdom, concluded that i making business and family on Spokane terms what its future will be. Its be- the land was much better adapted for 1 street. With many alterations this build- jievers certainly have reason to be proud town lots than for .trrowing garden truck ' ing now constitutes the Spokane hotel. ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT Loiiin Blue, in July, brought in a port- 1 tible saw mill from Stevens county, state of VVaNhington, and in August started sawing lumber on an order from Stack and McDonnell, for the Grand hotel. Mc- IXmnell himself going to work in the mill. From that lime the town began to grow slowly. Q^rraher and Manly of Grand Forks established a butcher shop. This .shop was located on Spokane street, and is now the place of business of the Okanogan meat market. Next, Joseph C. Luckenbel put up a building on Colum- bia avenue for the purposes of a bath house and'barlier shop. At this time this building was the only one on the south side of Columbia avenue, and was con- sidered to be in the outskirts of the new village. Today this building is almost in the heart of the city. For the past year it has Ijeen the home of the Bank of British North America. Shortly afterwanls David .Stus.si built himself a dwelling house on the lot where the Crescent dry goods store now stands, and Joe V'ogel, a well- known character of the camp, erected a log cabin where Hunter Brothers general merchandise store is now situated. To the north of tlie townsite, in the afterwards somewhat cla.s,sic regions of the famous Sour Dough, protiably twenty or thirty prospectors and miners, either unable or u' willing to purchase lots on the town- site, had reared their humble homes. This was the Ro.ssland of the days when the wonderful .strike was made in the War Eagle. In November, this mine's management signing a contract to ship 250 tons of ore per week for three months, attracted the attention of outsiders. George Tunstall, of Nelson, erected the store and office building now occupied by C. O. Lalonde and the Reddin-Jackson Co. Dad McKellar, in December, put a stage on the Northportroad, and transient travel at once increased to an alarming extent, sleeping accommodations especi- ally being taxed to their utmost; a lied was often unobtainable, while shakedowns were at a premium. By the first of January, 1895, the town of Rossland consisted of about half a hun- dred buildings, cabins and shacks, the inhabitants of which numbered two hnn- dred .souls. As yet there had been no rapid rise in the value of real estate, though lots on Columbia avenue were changing hands for figures ranging from seventy-five to two hundred dollars. The population at this time consisted chiefly of the most typical types of the hardy western miner and prospector. The town contained no gaol, constable or other peace officer, anil none were needed; a fact which speaks in most glowing termsof the charac- ter of the men and women who were the pioneers of the now thriving city of Ross- land. Although at this time the town had the most congested means of com- munication with the outside world, there has been no very material change in the prices of the necessaries of life; flour was two dollars aud one half per hundred- weight, and v'hisky sold at the usual western price of twelve and a half cents per drink. In the middle of January G. A. Bigelow, Chas. Van Ness, W. R. Will, John Malone, W. F. TeeUel, J. H. Nolan, George Tun- stall and other business men from Nelson and New Denver, looked the town over, bought thirty lots, let contracts for build- ings, and in less than thirty days from that time Mr. Van Ness was doing business in a two story building, now known as the War Eagle hotel, and Mr. Bigelow was selling merchandise in the largest building in the town. This building, with a few changes, is now occupied by A. McBride & Co., the hardware merchants. Lots had quickly advanced, the best in- sides being held at five hundred dollars. There was no boom; that is, lots were not being sold to real estate speculators. Purchasers in the main were men who be- lieved the town had a future, and believ- ing so embarked in business in it. They said, here is a camp in which hoisting works were erected at the mines liefore saloons were built; one whose payroll is all within a radius of two and one hab miles of Rossland, consequently there must lie substantial reasons for the exist- ence of a big city. February saw the commencement of the building boom. In rapid succession did the inception of one building loUow the completion of another. Hunter Bro- thers came to Rossland during this month j from Coulee City, and were soon im- ! pressed with the business activity of the I place, and the second day after their ar- j rival they purchased for a mode.st price (judged by its present value), from Joe Vogel, the lot upon which their com- modious store building now stands. A contract for the erection of the store was let, and before the first of April they were doing business. Almstrom Brothers, of Northport, had erected and were occupy- ing the Victoria hotel. Lange and Peter- son had opened the pioneer restaurant of the town in the building now occupied by the Spc''"ne hotel. Keefer and Hall were doing a iii.'"*' business in the cigar and tobacco line in a small store in the rear of the Grand hotel on Spokane street. The month of Pehrnary nlno saw the establishment of the first newspaper in Rossland. The first copy of a ncw.spuper ever printetl in the town appeareil on Thurwlay, February j8th, although two issues of the /tossland Record had been issued previously, Ijcfore Eber C. Smith, the proprietor of the paper, had been able to get a team to haul up the plant from Northport, so busy were the freight- ers hauling lumber. The paper was a very creditAble production indeed, and spoke volumes for the stability anus Wassholm built the Moun- tain View (now the Clarendon Hotel). W. K. Teetzel built the block now occu- pied by the drug store of McLean & Morrow and the Vancouver Cigar store. H. P. McLean was the pioneer druggist in the then thriving town, and has been doing business ever since at the same place in which he opened, though for a few weeks he was temporarily installed in G. A. Bigelow & Co's general merchandise store. R. A. Spencer built the Howard Hotel during the month and at the same time Jones & McDonald opened up the Belmont Hotel on Sour Dough Alley. The recording office for the district, which up to the present time had been loca- ted at Trail, to the great inconvenience of every mining man, miner and prospector in the district, was moved to Rossland, and Wm. Newton was temporarily ap- pointed recorder. However, his arbitrary methods of doing business for miners and prospectors demanded a change, and the appointment of John Kirkup as recorder and Government agent gave general sat- isfaction. The recording office was at once moved from the Custom House to McDonald & Miller's log building at tie east end of Columbia Avenue. In January the Dominion Government made Rossland a sub-port of entry to the port of New Westminster. W. S. Jones was appointed collector. At this period the Government strenuously objected to opening a Customs office here, averring that the office would not pay running ex- penses. It was only upon the manage- ment of the War Eagle Company agreeihg to pay the Collector's salary that the office was opened. For a period of four weeks Rossland's Collector was without an office building and obligingly did busi- ness at all hours of the day and night to accommodate the merchants and business men of the town. In March, "Spud" Murphy also' com- pleted the Rossland Spring Brewery, and applied for license to commence opera- tions, the initial capacity of the brewery l>eing fifteen barrels per day. At this period of the town's hi.story all the buildings were erected within a close radius of the Clifton Hotel, and for many months events gave the impression that the main business portion of the town would gradually work its way westward, but the townsite company declined to re- move the rock bluff, which to this day is a veritable bete noir to this portion of the city. Between the Ritchie block iind the present Kootcnay Hotel, then the eiist'Tn limits ofthe town, the creek passing down Centre Star guU-li seemed to cut off what is now the best Imsiness part of the city. However, the "rection of ii tailor shop by J. All)ano, in the building now occupied by I'aterson, Johnson &. Co., the construction of the White House building and the Kootenay Hotel, at once and forever set- tled the direction in which the position ofthe business portion of the town would be. i-\)M after work was commenced on the Kootenay Hotel, the Rossland Miner people built the building, at least a jx)r- tion of it, which now stands at the north east corner of Washington and Columbia avenue, where Martin Bros, arc conduc- ting their hardwar" I -siness. Though all this building was going on in the east end of the town, it must not be presumed that this section of the town had all the improvements, for buildings were be- ing erected very quickly in the west end ofthe avenup. During March and April, David Stussi erected the Stussi block, the main portion of which since its completion has been occupied by the book .store of Mr. H. 3 Wallace. The portion of the building now occupied by the Ensign Cigar store, Mr. Stussi utilized as the post office, and though only ten feet wide and forty feet long, for six months it had ample space for the modest needs of the town. A. J. Shirley's was the pioneer bakery ofthe town, though Billy Kellem was running a bakery in connection with his restaurant. His building stood on the 1 lot now occupied by Travers' hardware I store. About the same time too 'Bob' Lemon ! the irrepresiible one of the pioneer mer- 1 chants of Nelson, Three Forks and other i places in the upper country, arrived in town ai,d bought the lot to the west of ! the War Eagle Hotel and commenced the I erection of one of the very first lath and ; plastered buildings in the town. On the completion of the building Mr. Lemon moved in one of the most complete stocks I of mining supplies ever seen in the country, bringing it from his store at ' Three Fo-ks, a town which upon the \ birth of Sandon as the natural supply : point ofthe mines of Carpenter Creek, on the Slocan, was rapidly becoming deserted. James Price, the tailor, in .■\pril erected ; the building in which he has been doing i business ever since. Bill Perdue and Pat i Burns arrived about the .same time, and i from that time on the corner on porter- I house steaks and sweet breads was "off'." ! This firm first opened in the Teetzel I building, next door to the drug store of McLi'an & Morrow, pending the erection of the hanilHoine shop on .SjMikaiie stri'cl in which they havi' liren doing luisims-. ever since. Hilly Perdue has since left the partnership. Charles W. Clnett whs the pioneer assayer and had his oiliceand furv.HCe r(«>ni in a shack to the rear of Kellem's restauriint, which was situated right at the head of .Spokane stre<'i imd was the western terminus of Sour Dough Alley. Prank Davey came next in the asiiaying business, his domicile is now the home ofthe yuecu restaurant next to Jerry Spellniau's hotel. Jerry, too, is an old timer, and has l)een the only tenant of the Rossland hotel. Dr. Kellar was the pioneer light of the medical profes- sion, settling here in the latter part of January. Towards the end of February, he put up his house and office building on the lot to the east of the recording office. Dr. Bowes came soon after, anil he also in the spring built the house on Columbia avenue, which he occupied until last fall. At this period this house was the only building on the south side of Columbia avenue, east of the Luckenbcl block. By the first tlay of June, all the buildings nientioned above as l)eing in the course of erection, were occupied and their owners or lessees carrying on their business in them. Early in this month. EberC. .Smith let a contract for the cctr- struction of the Record block, and Jmi. Watson had laborers and miners at work tearing away the bluff' for a site for the new Pacific hotel. Jno. Watson was ut [ this time runninp ihe best restaurant that I has ever been in Ros.sland. Thomas & i Smith also erected a commodious feed i and grain store on the lot which at pres- I ent is the site of the Bank of British \ North .\nierica. I'p to this time there I had been but few residences erected. There were many reasons for this, the principal one for which was. the fact I that lumlier for residential purposes was i at this time unobtainable at any price. I The lumt)er that was l)eing cut here daily [ was green and wis taken from the saw as soon as it was cut by eager teamsters. For the most part, the people who had so far so materially aided in the up-build- ing of the new city were atxiut equally divided between native Canadians and Americans. As to day, there existed i the utmost good feeling and friendship , among them, and the one object \ that everyone seemed to have was to i make Rossland the premier city of the ; Kootenays, and how well they succeeded is easily seen in the magnificent appear- ance of the Rossland of to-day. To illus- trate more fully the friendship of fl~ ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT ,'i5 the Canadlana and Americana living at that time in Romland and how little at- tention wan paid to the customs of either country, it is n well-recorded fact that Postmaster Dave Stussi kept the local office open on Dominion Day and closed it on Fourth of July. Though up to this time little or no im- provements in the way of street grading or laying sidewalks had Jieen nude, the appearance of the place had vastly im- proved during the first six tnontho of the year 1895. Spokane street and Columbia avenue were rapidly building up, and the Clifton corner, as it was popularly known, was fast giving the place the symmetrical appearance of a well laid out city. Build- ings were Jjeing painted, and the more public-spirited of the citizens were laying sidewalks in front of their places of bus- iness. As yet there had been no real estate boom, and up to the present day it may be truthfully said that Rossland has never suffered from this greatest curse, which at different periods in their history has inflicted nearly every town in the West. Business lots certainly had advanced to double and treble their original prices, but when transfers were made the purchaser generally only paid such price as in his judgment the lot was worth as a building site for the erection of a busi- ness block. There was little or no de- ; mand at this period for residence property, ; as it was a matter of great uncertainty as j to the location which the residence por- ! tion of the city would occupy. The nu- merous cabins and shacks in the east end of the city, in addition to being the ten- derloin district, effectually prevented the erection of homes in this neighborhood. There was no change in original list prices in property south of Le Roi avenue for a period of nearly a year. Commencing in July, a better class of buildings than those previously erected began to make their appearance. Mrs. King (then Mrs. Allan) leased the lot at the southwest comer of Columbia avenue and Washington street from Blling John- son, and immediately let a contract for a $4,500 hotel. The Montana (the original name of the Hotel Allan) was opened with a grand ball early in August. The McMillan Brothers, of Ottawa, had the construction of the Butte and Windsor Hotels started during this month, and they were both ready for occupancy in the month of September, the latter being opened by Mrs. Lewis. Work was started on the International Hotel, Donahue block and the Ragland and Shirley buildings on Spokane street. These buildings were soon ready for occupancy, and were well rented from the first. At this time, too, building was going on at a rapid rate on the east end of Columbia avenue. Camp- bell Brothers opened a furniture store in the building now occupied by the Queen Saloon. Messrs. Annstrong & Mclose of supplying Iter and electric :onsisted of J. A. S. Norman and t once commenced :r had completed roir. The power been put in. On 1896, the Hotel lectricity. By the ectric lights were le city. Ground ,ter mains laid on Columbia avenue, le town was now This may be con- ■e. f, 1896, the town ife. The Columbia Trail, another of es, had been sur- ork of construction IS articles in east- ters had had great ada, and a great ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT many ryes were turned towards Rossland. I A well written article read by Mr. James I). Sword l)efore the Canadian Mining Association, had a like effect upon rasterti mining men and others who quickly l)e- came interested in Rossland mines. In January and February very little builil- ing was done, but in March a reg- ular old fashioned I'uget Sound build- j ing boom struck the town, and store ; and office buildings were soon going up ', in all directions. F. W. Hart Imught the i Opera House from Waldl)eser and I'fcifer, I at the same time purchasing the two lots ! on the south side of Columbia avenue at the conier of Washington street opposite the Hotel Allan, and at once commenced the erectio'i of a large store and office buih'i ij 'oon after its completion the Postoffice was moved into it. This was the signal for building in the eaU end of town. John A. Cook, one of the original owners of the townsite, built on the two lots west. Mrs. Lewis undertook the construction of the building now occupied by the Grand Union hotel. Pat Burns also commenced the construction of a block on the vacant lot between the Kootenay hotel and the White House building. In April occurred the famous race be- tween the two most conservative and well-established banking institutions in the world, to see which would first be open for business in Rossland. The Bank of British North America officials were on the ground first, and secured a year's lease of an office in the Luckenbel block, where they posted a sign to the effect that the bank would be open for business on Mon- day, April 4. Friday night, April i, the manager of the Bank of Montreal at Nel- son arrived in Rossland, and had a big sign printed for the Bank of Montreal, in- tending to open in the oflSce of the R. J. Bealey Co. in the morning. However, the news of his arrival had been bruited about, and in the morning the Bink of British North America was doing busi- ness in a barber shop. It is probably the only time on record when a bank and barber shop were doing business in the same office — bankers shaving notes and cheques at one end, while the barbers were complacently shaving chins at the other. The Bank of Montreal, however, opened for business on Monday morning in the Lemon block, at the west end of Columbia avenue, which they occupied until their present commodious and well appointed office was constructed. The opening of both these banks in the town, in addition to filling a long-felt want, gave added confidence in the town, and buildings increased rapidly in the next few months In rapid succcsHion the Scott-IU-witl, Kcllar, I^ilondc and Ri«li»T buildings wen- built scription niul government aid, about this time, con.sidt . . i^rading was done on Columbia avenue. ic bluff" in front of the post otfice was nuioved, and the gulch which cut Col< -ntiia avenue in twain ot the Burns' Messrs. Jones and Norllu'V. The Ro.'slaildtr eoniniaiids a liberal share ol the loeal subseription and ailvertisiiin patronage. David H. Itonle and .\. R. Macdonald, in September established the Milling Rrricii'. This paper has siiiee gone the way of all llesli. It is the only newspaper ever established in Rossland that has been stramled on the roeks of adversity. j During this period the town was grow- ing apace. The completion of the Colum- bia & Western railro.ul into Rossland in the latter part of June, in a measure re- lieved the congested condition rf trai's- portation facilities, which were hampering the progress anil improvement of the town. The construction of the Red Mountain railway from Norlliport was undertaken during this month, and the fui lire camp was made brighter. Ilalf-a- dozen I'iastern newspapers had speciitl conespondents in the town, writing up the camp and town. The telegraph com- panies receipts were growing fatter daily with the reports that were being sent out. In October, Mrs. King (then Mrs. Allan) commenced the erection of the first brick building in the city. This building was completed in February. In October also, through the agency of Jim Wardner, a Montreal syndicate purchased 842 or the remaining unsold lots of the original Rossland townsite. John Ferguson Mc- Crea was appointed agent for the new owners, and lots were imniediately placed on sale. Ross Thompson was the first purchaser, buying four lots, ujwn which he has built the finest residence in the city. In December the I' ossland Miner Print- ing and Publishing company issued the first morning daily, with the fullest Asso- ciated Press rei)orts ever printed in the Kootenay district. As a daily the Rossland Afincr has been issued as a six and seven colunni four folio new.spaper. In addition to containing the telegraphic news report as furnished by the Canadian Pacific Telegraph com- pany, the columns of the Miner are re- plete with the mining news of the whole Kootenay district. It has been remarked on all sides that the Rossland Miner is a newspaper that would credit many a town much older and more centrally located than Rossland. It is only another evi- dence of the energy and determination of the West. F 1. ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT III December, through all rail passen- ger i\ ^ffic was established with Spokane, the Red Mountaii. road having been com- pleten to the merchants and mine owners, as it has en- abled them to land freight in bulk. The road has also given increased freight facili- ties for handling the output of the mines. In winter a mining camp is never seen at its best, '■'his is so for various reasons. The snow obstructs building operations, and except in the case of developed mines, mining operations are impeded. Such has been the case with Rossland, though last winter much building was done, the Cosmos, Creedmore, and other blocks having been erected. During last winter the town moved on- wards in the even tenor of its way. There are no especially noteworthy facts to be recorded other than the arrival of many business and mining men from other camps and towns of the I'nited Stales. Among these arrivals were John McKane, Richard Plewman, John W. Fear, Fred. J. Ferine, George M. Stunden and others. The progress Rossland made was sub- stantial and slow, l)ecoming a town that has immense mineral deposits, only awaiting capital to place them in the li.st c)f shipping mines, in addition to dividend paying mines at its back. The town sub- sisted on the payroll of the mines. Stock business was I'laily growing less and on arri- val of spring it had practically dwindled away to nil. Transient travel was light too. Ill March the Provincial legislature passed the act authorizing the incor- poration of Rossland, thereby giving the city a municipal or civic government. Roljert Scott and C. O. Lalonde were placed in nomination for the honor of being first mayor of what will l)e the largest mining camp in the Pacific North- west. The election contest was warm and exciting. The "old timers" were arrayed in support of Mr. Laloude, while the "Johnny-come-latelies" were enrolled under the banner of Mr. vScott. The election was held on April 7, and much to the surprise of the "old-timers" Mr. Scott was elected by over one hundred votes. The following gentlemen were chosen »o sit at the council board: George A. Fraser, Hector McPherson, Horace Raymer, J. B. Johnson, \V. A. Campbell and H. S. Wallace. The new mayor and aldermen were at once sworn in, and actively assumed the management of the city's affairs. It is a bl?s.sing that the town has been incorporated, anil it is a pity that it did not take place sooner. Improvement followed improvement. The historic and at the same time picturesque Sour Dough alley was quite literally wiped off the map. Streets have been laid out where formerly there were only small trails leading the pedestrian through a maze of cabins and shacks. Looking at the results accomplished Mr. Scott has made a most excellent chief executive, and the people of Rossland have no com- plaint to enter against the City Council. They had innumerable obstacles to con- tend against when they took hold. They have certainly made a most creditable showing in the short time they have been in charge of the city government with the means at their command. As soon as the city wj 1 incorporated another build- ing boom struck the town, and in a short space of time a great many buildings were erected on the northern part of Washing- ton street, on First and Second avenues. This is the Rossland of today. A glance at the condition of the city today discloses the information that Ross- land has a population of nearly six thou- sand people. The town has resolved itself down to a pay roll l>asis. The ' days of the wild-catter and stock broker arc over, and the population of the city are ; depending upon the money earned in the ! development of the mines for their support. \ Though Rossland sprang up in a night, | as it were, Rossland is no mushroom town. ' It has more to support it than any other ' town in Kootenay. In three years' time Rossland has sprung from a place which only had an existence on the map and in minds of a few far-seeing (then thought deluded) mining men and prospectors, to a large city. With its numerous and well- appointed hotels, its stores stocked with all kinds of merchandi.se, its graded streets, electric light and water system, gooe understood that opportunities for making money in the mercantile pursuits are all gone. The business done in the ; camp is constantly increasing as the mines are more fully developed, consequently frequently first class openings occur for bright business men, who have capital at their back and who are familiar with the needs and likes of the inhabitants of a large mining camp. People who are un- familiar with the mining camps of the west, as a rule have no business here, though there are individual cases where "tenderfeet" have done well. No young man except a first-class miner or one who has capital should come to Rossland in search of employment. Both in the town and at the mines the supply of labor has always been in excess of the demand, with the single exception of machine men. First-class machine men are at a premium and can always com- mand work. The wages paid at the mines, though not as high as in some of the older Montana camps, where the ex- cellent management of the different unions control the labor market, are good. Machine men receive $3.^0 per diem, and J4.00 for shaft work. Hammersmen or ordinary miners $3.00. Pump men I3.00. Mine blacksmiths and carpenters I4.00. Engineers $3.50 a:id |4.ao, accord- to the size of plant which is l)eing operated. Blacksmith helpers J3.00. Sho- vellers, cannen and surface roustalwuts I2.50. In the city the ruling wages are about |J.50 per day for all kinds of work. Buttes and Virginia Cities are not made in a day, and no impartial observer of Ros.sland, and the network of mines which surround it, believes for a moment that the town has nearly reached its zenith. When th ' Crow's Nest Pa,ss rail- way is a reality, the Trail Creek camp will enter upon an era of prosperity hitherto unknown. Thisroad, in addition to giving the district competitive freight facilities, will bring down the smelting changes with a thud, and thus permit the working of large bodies of low grade ores, now valueless. Time is now the greatest factor in Rossland's future. Rossland has a .splendid future before it; the days of doubt and uncertainty are past. Conserva- tive observers estimate Rossland's popula- tion in five years' time will amount to thirty thou.saiid people. Present indications seem to justify such a prediction. At no time in their history did the mines, the backbone of Rossland's prosperity, present such a magnificent and encouraging ap- pearance. New strikes on pronpects, and the uncovering of richer and higher grade ore in the developed mines, are daily being made. Uei us all hope that the many bright things that are now proplu-- sied for the future wil'. Ite fulOlIed. ■H •easing as the mines ipecl, consequently openings occur for rho have capital at e familiar with the iC inhabitants of a 'eople who are un- ling camps of the no business here, (ridual cases where e well. >ta first-class miner :al should come to ;mployment. Both : mines the supply fn in excess of the ngle exception of :lass machine men I can always corn- wages poid at the high as in some of mps, where the ex- of the different )r market, are good. e J3.50 per diem, •rk. Hammersmen J3.00. Pump men ths and carpenters a;id I4.00, accord- t which is l)eing helpers fj.oo. Sho- lurface roustalx)Ut» ; ruling wages are ' all kinds of work. Cities are not made partial observer of etwork of mines eves for a moment learly reached its (W's Nest Pass rail- Trail Creek camp era of prosperity lis road, in addition competitive freight lown the smelting nd thus permit the s of low grade ores, is now the greatest ure. Rossland has ore it; the days of ire past. Conserva- Rossland's popula- 'ill amount to thirty resent indications prediction. At no lid the mines, the prosperity, present (1 encouraging ap- 1 on prospects, and ;raud higher grade I mines, are daily all hope that the It are now prophc- he fiilfllled. Business and Biographical Sketches. Many Old Pioneers. Some Later Arrivals, and all Men, Firms and Cor- porations of Ability and Standing. HUNTER BROTHERS, Importers, ^.'lolesaU and ReUil Merchants. It may be doubted if in any other min- ing camp in the whole world its settlers have possessed greater advantages of civi- lization than are enjoyed by the miners and dwellers in the great Trail Creek mining district. In the majority of camps a scarcity of provisions and exor- bitant prices have been the rule. Here thers is an abundance of the best of eve-v- thing, and at prices to compare favorably with those of much older communities. Among the individual merchants and firms whose enterprise and businessability have contributed most to bring prices to a reasonable figure, there are none who have done more than the subject of this sketch. The brothers, James and Robert Hunter, established in business here in 1895. They had previously been in business at Couiee City, Washington, with a branch .store at Conconnully, Wa.shington,and are experienced general merchants. Hunter Brothers' l)u.siness property, 30 X 200 feet, fronting on the principal .street of Rossland, is, with its basements, one of the largest in the city. The firm has also a connnoilious warehouse on the Red Mountain track, and is able to receive and ship goods in quantities. The stock carried by Hunter Brothers is almost .'is diverse as are the needs of the community. That it is especially full and conij^ >te in all that pertains to miners' supplies might be exp-jcttd; but we may add that being agents for giant powdei, (.oddwin candles. Canton and Hlack Diamond steel, and other .specialties of the miner, this firm sells both to dealers and to miners al' over this and ailjoining districts. The lirm is also agent for McClary's stoves and rangos, manufac- tured at London, Ontario. Th'.- stock includes, as well, a full line of plumbers' supplies and steam fittings. Hunter Brothers have a completely equipped tin and sheet metal shop, where tinware, sheet ironware, and galvanized iron pipe and other iiiinin-; supplies are maiiMfactured both to order aii.oo, a reserve fund of j(16,ooo,test, Ijoth as to improvements and location, in Rossland. The building has modern plumbing and the most complete sanitary arrangenients throughout. Mrs. Allan has personal charge in conducting her hotel, a.ssisted by experienced clerks, steward, and efficient help in every de- partment. Being herself an experienced public hostess, Mrs. Allan is enabled to choose her assistants wisely. j It may be doubted if there is a mercan- i tile house in Rossland better or more I widely known throughout the Kootenay : country than that owned and conducted I by Martin Brothers. This house was es- tablished in the spring of 1895, and is the j largest establishment of the kind in Ross- land. The business occupies the entire t lower floor of the building in which it is i located, and two warehouses besides. i The salesroom is eligibly located at the I comer of Columbia avenue and W'ashing- ■ ton street, and is stocked to its full capa- city with everything pertaining to a I first-class hardware .stock in demand in j this section. I Of the immense stock carried by this j house we have space to speak only in i general terms. Everything m the line of I shelf and heavy hardware is carried, in- ] eluding stoves, ranges, builders' hardware, I mechanics' tools, nails, mine and mill ! supplies, prospectors' supplies, black- j smiths' supplies, saws, belting, steel and ' iron, tin and agate ware, cooking utensils, I novelties, and the thousand and one ' articles which go to make up the complete j retail and jobbing stock of the hardware 1 merchant. A specialty is made of powder, , fuse, candles, and all the prerequisites of i the miner and prospector. 1 It is worthy of note that the firm sells the justly celebrated Burrow, Stewart & I Milne stoves and ranges, the James Stew- : art Manufacturing company 's stoves and I ranges, and the Copp Brothers company's ; heating stoves. These are all of supenor I quality, and liave given gratifying satis- i faction in Rossland and elsewhere. The I firm sells and puts in furnaces, and will order any make ot furnace the purchaser may desire. The business also includes a manufac- turing department in which tinware is manufactured to order and for the stock. and a she^t metal shop fully equipped for the execution of large or small contracts or jobbing, and for the manufacture of galvanized iron pipes for mines, Another department is devoted to plumbing and gas and steam fitting. In this connection it is pertinent to state that the firm carries a full line of plumbers' materials and supplies. Skilled workmen are employed in the shops, and none but first-class work is turned out. Messrs. J. M. and W. C. Martin are natives of Renfrew county, province of Ontario. They served their time in a mercantile house at Ottawa, and have been ever since entering the mercantile business for themselves as.sociated to- gether, and known as Martin Brothers. They were pioneers to Calgary, N. W. Territory, and were for a number of years t'.ie leading hardware merchants of that place. I^ter they disposed of their interests at Calgary and went to the coast, and thence to Vernon, from which place they came to Rossland two and a half years ago. The firm still owns the lead- ing hardware store in Vernon, and Mr. J. M. Martin will be long remembered as having been one of Vernon's most popular mayors. On coming to Rossland the Martin Brothers bought considerable real estate, of which the lot on the corner of Columbia avenue and Washington street is a part. They at once erected the build- ing they now occupy at that location, and put in a complete hardware stock. They are, as are nearly all of our merchants, interested to some extent in mining and j real estate, and it is not too much to say their enterprise has had much to do with the growth and prosperity of Rossland. I O. M. FOX & CO., I Importers and '^l^olesale and Retail Grocers. The attractive modern retail grocery store, with its thousand delicacies gathered from every country and clime, has lieen developed within the last quarter of a century, and almost within the last decade. It is still unknown in many cities much larger than Ros.sland and it occasions surpri.se to strangers to find one or more here. The fine modern store which forms the subject of this sketch was founded in November, 1896, by O. M. Fox, E. C. Lockwood, and W. J. Cusack. under the firm name of O. M. Fox & Co. The busi- ness occupies a large and well-filled sales- room, eligibly located on Columbia avenue, and an outside warehouse as well. The amount, variety and quality of goods carried in stock, the attractive manner in which they are displayed, and the careful and painstaking manner in which patrons are served, warrant us in saying this is one of the most complete modern grocery stores in the Kootenay country. While this house does a very large retail busi- ness, a glance at the stock reveals the fact that an extensive wholesale business is carried on. In this connection it is appropriate to state that this branch of the business embraces the whole of the great mineralizeining sufficiently )nd financial cir- let his stakes" in- bonded the Silver ! finest properties imp, Slocan Divts- d, chartering The Company, limited at company a title The Silver Queen o.oo with 1350,000 mine is now de- ■n the Black Fox een driven a dis- et into the finest icli has yet been ict; and it is ex- Queen will before :ry profitable pro- lonclude this too if Rossland's now rs better than by lel of the officers Silver Queen riiey are : Presi- foster, M. P. and : ; Vice-President, isq.. Engineer and lie State of Wash- »ger, Edward C. Treasurer, Leo H. rs : Hon. Thomas x-Minister of the inch. Mining Op- /ell. Mine Owner; P., Kx-Ministcr Hayward, Mine abney, President Company; C. C. ie; Engineer; IIining Company, limited. We un- derstand that negotiations are now pend- ing to unite all the interests of these three 1 companies into a company to be char- ! tered in London, with a capital of 150,000 i pounds sterling. One of Mr. Linnard's most important 1 enterprises is The Rossland Syndicate, a ; close corporation of which W. G. Johnson, a retired English manufacturer, now resi- ' dent of Rossland, is president, and Mr. Linnard, manager. The Syndicate has a very liberal charter, and the scope of its ■ business is quite as comprehensive. It loans money, buys, sells and improves '< town and city property, bonds, develops buys and sells mines, and organizes cor- porate enterprises. The Syndicafi; owns valuable eity property in Ros.sland and Kaslo. Among improvements now being made upon its property, it is building a large hotel at Kaslo. Conspicuous as he is as one of Rossland's most trusted and energetic promoters of large enterprises, Mr. Linnard is more honored as one of its thoroughly respected and esteemed citizens. HON. JOHN A. MANLY. of the early pioneers to the great mineral belt of which Rossland and Grand Forks are two of the principal centers of trade and enterprise, Hon. John A. Manly is one of the most widely known and (listinguished. Bom in the state of Ohio among the most enterpris- ing people on the continent, and edu- cated to the profession of a civil engi- neer at Ann Arbor, Michigan, young Manly received both by precept and edu- cation such incentives to exertion and en- terprise as seldom fail to manifest them- selves in the career of their recipients. At the age of twenty-one years, young Manly had become prominent in his pro- fession, and at twenty-two, he, as Civil Engineer-in-Chief, built the Chicago & West Michigan Railway. From railroad building he engaged in the lumber busi- ness and manufacturing in Michigan, and subsequently organized a publishing com- pany at Chicago, of which he was for a number of years the president. It is more especially, however, of Mr. Manly's British Columbia life and enter- prises that we designed to speak. At the beginning of this we are reminded of an oft' repeated statement of his, viz: "No good country can be so remote and inac- cessible from civilization that it can for a long time remain so in this age of enter- prise." We are inclined to the opinion that the education, observation and ex- perience which gave that thought to John A. Manly prompted him also to look for such an unoccupied country, and looking to the Northwest, he saw it in his mind's eye in British Columbia. His coming over rough and seldom used trails to the Kettle River and Kootenay country eleven years ago was the natural sequence of a thought over which the reader of these lines will do well to ponder. The writer having had the pleasure of meet- ing Mr. Menly at intervals of a few years during the last decade, remembers well how, at one of California's palatial hotels, Mr. Manly tried to impress his fellow guests with the great future in store for this section. He remembers, too, that while all admired the colored photo- graphs of Mr. Manly's Kettle River ranch and his beautiful Holstein cattle, that they gave an unwilling ear to Mr. Manly's statements of the great mineral resources of this section. All can now see that had he been absolutely sure of his predictions, Mr. Manly could hardly have laid his plans more wisely. The first neces-sity of all enterprises is food ; to provide that for the coming rush of prospectors, miners and others whom he saw in the distance, Mr. Manly began ten years ago to stock his 4,000 acre ranch with cattle. The result was that when the rush finally came it found him pre- pared ti feed it, and he did furnish much of the beef that was eaten in the district for three years from his own ranch. But he had builded even better than he knew ; for having selected his Kettle river prop- erty solely with reference to its desira- bility as a farm and ranch, he has been greatly suprised to find upon it and in the mountains surrounding it, some of the richest mineral veins in British Columbia. The result has been that a new mining section has sprun'j into existence and the town of Grand Porks has sprung up on his Kettle river ranch, which, at less than twelve months of age, numbers 1,000 souls. Naturally and very fortunately for the town, Mr. Manly was made the first Mayor of Grand Forks. We say fortu- nately for the town, for we chance to know that his study and close observation of municipal affairs have given Mayor Manly advanced ideas on the duties and prerog- atives of public officials, as well as of the people's rights to public utilities. We feel safe in venturing the assertion that free franchise hunters will find little op- portunity to fatten on any town where John A. Manly has a voice in its munici- pal affairs. Mayor Manly has not, however, con- fined his enterprises to the Kettle River country. He built and still owns the International Hotel at Ros.sland, and is the owner of much other valuable prop- erty here. He has mining property ga- lore, and is a recognized prophet of pros- perity. Perhaps, after all, the most in- teresting and satisfying thing we can say of Mayor Manly is that, being a man of wide experience, observation and infor- mation, his fortune has not made a fool of him, and that he is as approachable as the humblest ranch hand or other em- ployee in any of his varied and many en- terprises. C C WOODHOUSE, Jr. There is no calling or profession in life wherein a reliable man is needed more than in the profession of mining engi- neer. Upon his judgment and integrity large investments of capital are made and great undertakings begun. He may be a theoretical man without practical ex- perience; in that case he will fail to ac- complish good work, on account of the blunders he will make owing to his lack of experience. He may be a practical man with little theoretical knowledge; in this case he works to a disadvantage, by not understanding the fundamental principles of the profession. Therefore, in order to attain the highest degree of accomplishment in the profession of min- ing engineering the subject must begin young in school, and get a good ed- ucation; then, upon this ■;eneral knowl- edge for a foundation, he must take up the special branches of sciehce which will especially qualify him for the profession, namely: a.ssaying, chemis- try, mineralogy, geology, surveying, mechanics and bookkeeping. This be- ing accomplished at tne age of, say twenty-one, he is now ready to begin f4 ROSSLAND AND TliE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT I gaining practical experience, and of the latter he wants plenty. Ten years more practical work in the assay office, smelt- ers, mills, mines and field will suffice to endow him with sufficient knowledge and experience to be rated as a good niin-. ing engineer. He can continue to study, practice and improve by experience, un- til his sun of life approaches the western horizon, when younger men willingly shoulder his burdens. There must ever be present the qualification of honesty in the mining engineer ; one who would inisrepre.<;ent facts or sell out is like unto the pilot who will ruthlessly lead the ship on the shoals for the sake of plun- der. C. C. Woodhousp Jr., mining engi- neer, at Rossland, has been over the road outlined in the al)ove remarks. He, with Fred M. Wells, an explorer of some repute, is working out a five years' min- ing partnership contract, with Mr. H. R. Forster, a wealthy Canadian gentleman. Together they constitute The Kamloops Mining and Dsvelopment Company, lim- ited liability, of Rossland. After two years' work, the Company is able to pay 500 per cent, on the original capital in- vested. Mr. Woodhouse's father was one of the pioneer mining camp merchants in the western United States, and young Wood- liouse was born and reared in a mining country. He was educated for his pro- fession at Knox College, Illinois. Since leaving school, he has seen over fifteen practical years' service in the mines, mills, smelters, field and assay offices in the western United States and two years' in British Columbia. He conducts a first- class mining and assay office in Ross- land, with a good office staff, and re- ports on properties throughout British Columbia. His reports are conservative and reliable, and large sums of money have b:;en invested upon them. His past record is his future recommendation to the public. of them are in the Kootenays, among which are some fine properties. The Company's Canadian office is lo- cated a^ Rossland, in its own building, which is one of the best on First avenue. The office is tastefully fitted, with many of the modern conveniences, and is one of the neatest and roomiest in Rossland. This office and the Canadian business are in charge of W. H. Corbould, as general manager and A. B. Irwin, as local secre- tary. Both are too well known in British Columbia mining circles to need intro- duction or encomium, but it may be ad- ded that Mr. Corlrauld is a London, Eng- land, man, v/hose experiences as a mining engineer and manager of mining proper- ties have been many and valuable. Mr IrWin is an American, who, having been one of the pioneers of the Trail Creek district, is one among the best informed men in the district on Kootenay proper- ties. THE CANADIAN PACIFIC EXPLORATION, Limited. There is hartlly better evidence of the esteem iu which British Columbia mining properties are held in England by conser- vative investors, than may be found in the personnel of The Canadian Pacific Ex- ploration, Limited. The governing board IS composed of Lord Powerscourt, chair- man ; .\ Joshua, Es. Wilson & management any personal t contributed I, there seem ones, and it the old pio- 1, have a good r. We may, on any one, em all stand heir old time han this old mtractor and that there is ning sections so frequently ■ns, the cattle- ["he reason is urns feeds the vith every ap- le miners of :la8S, the best One of the 1 in the fact ilendid stock and Alberta, , under a sin- beeves, iiuit- to the butch- ss surprise at of his execu- rns furnishes at wholesale in Rossland, Juart/. Creek, nver, Silver- He brings rect from his Ib^rta, to his lie is iieoes- In many in- d brand out- in Kirkfield, er in British Ml so largely the mining otenays, is no bought prop- and his hav- lost of them. in Rossland, ; built in 1896, ilocks in the !ssful business s ill Rossland tely gath?reard, a posi- tion for which he is especially well quali- fied, end to allow his name to be rut forward as a candidate for the position of Rossland's first mayor. i6 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CSSEXi DISTRICT It is, we think, penniMible to say that the high personal esteem in which Mr. Lalonde is held by so many of the best people of Rossland ought to be ample compensation for his defeat for the may- oralty. We may add that Mr. Lalonde's business and property interests are such in Rossland that he could hardly feel less desirous ot seeing a wise municipal gov- ernment of the city and its permanent prosperity, in his private capacity as a property owner and citizen, than he could have desired as mayor. WM, McQueen, b. a. City Clerk and Treasurer of Rovland. Wni. McQueen, Rossland's first City Clerk, was a farmer's boy, and was torn in the county of Huron, Province of On- tario, in 1862. Inheriting a taste for study, common to his Scotch ancestry, the farmer boy became a school teacher at the age of eighteen, and later com- pleted his education at the University of Toronto, at Toronto, Ontari' After fin- ishing his university course, young Mc- Queen again took up his work as teacher, which he followed as a profession up to the time of his resigning his position in the Park Hill, Ontario, High School, with a view of coming to Rossland, B. C. Mr. McQueen arrived in Rossland in February of the present year, and al- though a comparative stranger, was hon- ored by the appointment to his present position of trust and responsibility, .scarcely three months following the date of his arrival. THE QUEEN RESTAURANT. George W. Myers, Proprietor. It has been our purpo.se in preparing the business sketches for the First His- tory of Rossland to give those which are representative in their lines. In the sub- ject of ihis sketch, the public will recog- nize a leader. "The Queen" was established in July, 1896, and was purchased by Mr. G. W. Myers, the present owner, in September, 1896. It may truthfully be said that it is the peer of any restaurant in Rossland. The culinary department is presided over by a skilled chef, and the tables are bountifully supplied with the best the market affords of everything. A spec- ialty is made of short orders, and in this line "The Queen" stands alone in its ex- cellence. "The Queen" is furnished to seat twenty people at one sitting. There are private booths for those desiring them, and the service is all that can be desired. G.W. Myers, proprietor of "The Queen, ' ' was born in Maryland. He has, however, been on the Pacific coast for a number of years, and was, immediately before com- ing to Rossland, a successful merchant at Kvcrett, Washington. By the character of the patrons he at- tracts, no less than by his success in con- ducting "The Queen," Mr. Myers has shown himself well qualified as a caterer to the public palate, and, as well, a relia- ble and successful business man. The reader can make no mistake in patroniz- ing "The Queen," especially for short orders. THE CENTRAL HOTEL. Jackson & Almttrom, Proprietors. It is an interesting fact that Rossland's best buildings have been built and are owned by former prospectors and miners. Among the hotel business this is conspic- uously so, the last prominent instance being in the building and furnishing of the Central Hotel, completed in May, and now just opened to the public. The Central is not one of Rossland's largest hotels, but it is a little gem with 40 guest rooms and all modern improve- ments, including furnace heating, electric lights, electric call and return call bells, baths, rooms single and en-suite, and every comfort and convenience of the modern first-class hotel. The furniture is all new, the parlor, dining room, office and many of the guest rooms command one of the most attractive views in the city. The Central is a fine, modern three- story structure, with a wide veranda, ex- tending completely around two sides of the building. The location, only one block from the business portion of the city, but far enough to avoid the noise, is all that could tie desired, and, as the building fronts on two streets, practically all the guests rooms are outside rooms. The offices, writing room, dining room and bar are all on the ground floor. The parlors are on the second floor, and, like the forty guest rooms, are all that could be desired in size, sunlight, ventilation and furnishings. 1 he house has scientific sanitary plumbing throughout, and con- veniently located baths with hot and cold water. In short, the Central Hotel is strictly first-class. It is conducted on both 'he American and European plans, and guests are provided with every con- venience and luxury obtainable in any mining town in British Columbia or else- where. The Central was built, and is owned and conducted by August Jackson and J. E. Almstrom. Mr. Jackson is an old prospector and miner, who, coming to Trail Creek in 1891, engaged in prospect- ing and mining, and was here at the lay- ing out of the town in 1894. He is well- known in mining and business circles, and has contributed in no small degree to the building of Rossland. Mr. Alm- strom, who came more recently to Ross- land, from St. Paul, Minn., isan old hotel man, and, as such, is very well known to the traveli g public. Messrs. Jackson and Almstrom built and own the Central Hotel in co-partner- ship, and will conduct it in like manner. i Their bus meets all arriving and depart- I ing trains, and every courtesy and atten- tion will bs shown to guests in the care of their baggage and in every other posi- sible manner. INTERNATIONAL HOTEL "Whoe'er haa traveled life's dnll round. Where'er hi* atages may have bf en, May sigh to think he atill haa Tound The warmeat welcome at an inn." The International Hotel is only less celebrated thin Rossland. The latter is known throi it the commercial world as the cente one of the most richly- mineralized . ions on the continent of North Amei- . , the latter is known to all visitors to the magic city of Rossland, and is famed abroad for its good cheer and hospitality. The International is a two-story struc- ture of sixty guest rooms, with modern improvements, wide halls, the largest public reception room in the city, well- stocked bar and attractive billiard room, and, connected with them, a large and well-appointed concert room for the free use and entertainment of "uests. To be known and fully appreciated the International must be eiijuyed. A dis- tinguished "globe-trotter," in speaking of the International, said: "I can find a hotel having more pretensions and capac- ity in almost every city on the continent; but there is only one" like this, and lor good cheer and entertainment there is not another on the continent to compare with the International Hotel at Ros.s- land." The International was built in 1895 by Hon. John A. Manly, a personal sketch of whom will be found on another page. It is almost needless to add that the International is easily one of the most popular hotels and resorts in Rossland. Free concerts and theatricals are given every evening, and the best of everything in the way of refreshments is served by polite and attentive waiters. ROSSLAND'S ELECTRIC PLANT. The electric plant of the Rossland Water & Light Company, limited, con.sists of the following: A large, heavy frame building, 337 100 feet, with sheet iron roof, covers tUo en- tire plant. A battery of three boilers, 80 horse-power each, with a large duplex Wortliington steam pump and feed- water heater occupies the first forty feet from the east end of the building, which is partitioned off from the dynamo and en- gine room. The steam pump is used only in case of trouble with the water mains, the water and light company being one corporation. At the power-house there is an hy- draulic pressure of 200 pounds to the square inch on a: ' pipes. Fire hy.ed and closed, with an accompaniment of Hot Scotch, Canadian Club and Havana cigars. Such places of popular resort serve to relax tense nerves and o'erwrought brain, j and it may be doubted if they do not play as important a part in the development of the great natural resources of the Northwest as other concomitants of a live minin{^ town to which nmch more impor- tance IS commonly attached. J. C. Spellman, proprietor of The Ross- land, having first seen the light in the "Wooden Nutmeg" state of New Eng- land, was by birth a Yankee, but by 1 adoption and by twenty years residence in the mountains and on the Pacific slope [ he has become a typical western man, with { all the geniality and bon homie that com- j prehen^ve teriii implies. Mr. Spellman was formerly in business for some years in Spokane, and more recently at Bound- ary City. He came from the latter place to Rossland in 1894. He has still impor- tant mining interests at Cedar Creek, near Boundary City, and, besides being interested in some of Rossland's develop- ed mines, is the owner of some valuable prospects. Mr. Spellman is exceptionally well ac(juainted with the mines l)eing worked m the district, and, as well, with prospects awaiting development ; and we may add there is no citizen of Rossland to whom a stranger may go for informa- tion with a greater certainty of getting an impartial statement of facts respecting the mines and prospects of this great mineral • ized belt, than to J. C. Spellman. MUTUAL COLLECTION CO. Harrry E. Lippmatm^ Secretary and Manager Very few of Ros.sIand's young business men are better known, and none more favorably so than Harry E. Lippmann, secretary and manager of the Mutual Collection Company. Mr. Lippmann is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y. He has been seven years in th3 mountains, five of them having been spent at Butte, Montana, where he was connected with the Mutual Collection Company of Montana. He has been nearly two years in Ross- land, and since February of last year lias held a position of trust with Hunter Brothers, one of Rossland's largest mer- cantile firms. Mr. I.ippmann has (luite recently or- ganized the Mutual Collection Company of Rossland, as a branch of the Mutual Collection Company of Montana. Thisis a thoroughly up-to-date enterprise, and and will be a great convenience to busi- ness men, as well as to the public gener- ally. The general plan of the business puts the Rossland secretary and manager in communication with the company's attorneys throughout the Dominion of Canada and the United States. The coni- pany's legal advisors here are Harris, McNeill & Deacon, solicitors and bar- risters. The company takes collections at all points in Cana((a and the United States, for a moderate commission, and makes prompt remittances of collections tc to clients. No advance fee is charged, and if collections are not made clients are put to no expense. These very liberal terms should, with so competent and popular a manager, make the Ross- land branch of the Mutual Collection Company a success. A. S. KERRY & CO. Lumbzr Dealen. There is probably no name in the North- west better known to the lumber trade than that of A, S. Kerry. Mr. Kerry is a large sawmill owner, and as president of the company of which we are writ- ing, is an exporter of lumber to China and Japan. The Rossland branch of the business was established in December, 1896, and is conducted under the joint manage- ment of Messrs. Rosleaf and Kibler, man- ager and secretary-treasurer, respectively, of the company. Mr. Kerry, who re- sides permanently in Seattle, conducts the main business of the company at that point. The scope covered by the business of the Rossland branch embraces the sale of rough lumber, kiln-dried finishing lum- ber, lath, shingles, doors, windows, lime, brick, etc. The company is also Ross- land agent for R. Miller, of the Butte Mills, who is a large producer of native lumber. The success of the Rossland house dates from its establish'nent, and it is safe to say there have been few buildings erected in Rossland since the begining of the present year, in which this house has not placed some of its material. This is especially so in the case of lime, in which article, we are informed, A. S. Kerry & Co. are the leading dealers in Rossland. The well-merited reputation I for fair and honorable dealing Messrs. I Rosleaf and Kibler have won for the Romland branch <• in harmony with the high esteem entertained for the par- ent house at Seattle; and in conclusion we cannot ttling plant in connection with the brewery, and patrons are, therefore, served with bottled goo. Shoryer under the firm name of Geo. Baker & bo. Both Mr. Baker and Mr. Shoryer are old and experienced liverymen, and are well- knojvn throughout the Trail country. In point of stock, vehicles and the gen- eral paraphernalia which constitute a first- class It very stable, no expense has been spared, "fhe rolling stock includes bug- gies, surries, hacks, buck-boards, moun- tain wagons and everything usually found in the best stables of mountain towns. From twenty • to twenty-five horses are kept for li vary purposes, among them gentlemen's and ladies' driving horses, saddle hoi-ses, pack horses and ex- perienced mountain horses. The firm makes a .specialty of supply- ing hunting, fishing and prospecting parties with horses and outfits, and does a very large business with miners and prospectors. They will furnish experi- enced drivers, acquainted with the sur- rounding country, who will accompany patrons when desired. Besides doing a general livery business Geo. Baker & Co. board horses by the day week or month, and care for private rigs, giving them the same caremi attention their own vehicles receive. They also buj; and sell horses, and it may be doubt- ed if there are two better judges of horses in the Province than Mea^rs. Baker and Shoryer. We should not omit to mention the fact that the Rossland-Trail Stage, which runs between Rossland and Trail, is owned by Geo. Baker & Co., and is con- ducted as a part of the liverv business. It is intereMing, too, that the railroad does not visibly affect the business of this stage route, so many preferring the open air and pleasant drive to the tnp by rail. Geo. Baker was born and raised in the city of Philadelphia, but has lived many years in the West. He was a pioneer to the Kootenay country, having come here as early as 1890. He came to British Columbia first in 1885. Wm. Shoryer is a native of the Hoosier state. He was an early comer to Rossland, and like his partner in business is more or less inter- ested in mining and real estate. Wm. R. Beatty was Kosslund's first undertaker. He was lH)rn in the stale of Delaware, and studied enibitlniing at the Philadelphia School of Kinbalining, fruin I which institution he is a gruduate. He I has been in the undertaking and eni- tmlmiiig business all his life, and for the : past ten years has been in the West. I He came to Rossland from Spokane, where he was for n number of years in busineas, in June, 1H95. Mr. Heatty is a dealer in and maker of all kimls of undertakers' supplies, in- cluding wood and steel caskets, coffins and burial cases, trimmings, burial robes, etc. He has had adec|uate facilities for performing the last, sad offices for the dead in accordance with the best mod- ern system of embalming and inter- ment.' Mr. Beatty owns tlu building he occu- i pie.s, which is located in Commercial i Court. It was built expressly for its purpose and use as an undertaking es- tablishment, and the rooms are provided I with the latest improvements to the end ' that the mortal remains may be em- balmed in the best manner possible known to modern science. ! Wli'Mi it is remembered that Mr. Beatty is a graduate of the celebrated Philadel- phia School of Knibalming, and that he lie has had a life-long experience in the undertaking business, it is redundancy I to say that he is thoroughly skilled and I efficient in every department of his busi- ' ness. He makes a specialty of shipping : remains, and takes pleasure in rendering j any services possible to the bereaved. : We should, not omit to add that Mr. Beatty owns a fine hearse. M. W.SIMPSON. WM. R. BEATTY, Undertaker and Embilmer. There are few business or professional callings in which so marked a change has taken place in the last two decades as in that of the undertaker and embalmer. Volumes have been written about the lost art of embalming possessed by the Egyptians, but modern science has so far surpassed the ancients in the art of embalming that regrets for the lost art of the Egyptians are no longer heard. Malty-Ward Simpson, proprietor of Rosslaiid's leading news, book and sta- tionery store, established his business in 1896. Up to that time Rossland had not ! had a first-class store of the kind, but the time was rife for it, and Mr. Simp.son's venture met with universal appreciation and his store has since its opening been known as a place where the latest and ^ best in daily, weekly and monthly publi- cations can always be found on sale. This house is recognized as headquar I ters for school books. The stock of library i and miscellaneous lx)oks, although not j large, is well chosen in works suited to ! private libraries, as well as in holiday i ixjoks of every description in their season. I All the leading periodicals of England, i the United States and Canada are carried ■ and subscriptions are received for all cf I them. In office supplies the line is very I complete and includes all kinds of filing ! devices, inks, mucilage, letter and pencil ! tablets, blank books, etc. In addition to carrying in stock everything usually found in a first-class book and stationery store, Mr. Simpson tarries a choice and complete line of imported and domestic cigars and tobacco. A very complete line of maps of the British Columbia mining sections is also carried in stock, Mr. Simpson is a native of I'^ngland, and was educated a Ixxik-keeper and .expert accountant. Iinmeiliately follow- ing his graduation he accepteil a' position with a London commercial house, wlier^' he remained forsix years. Hecaine to Can- ada in 1873,111111 slopping in Hamlltim, On- tario, worked at his profession there until 1885, when he went to Manitoba, and en- gaged in the agricultural implement and grain business. He arrived in Ros.sland from Manitoba in April, 1896, and very soon thereafter established his present business. THE ROSSLAND MILL AND LUMBER COMPANY. E. H. Ragland, Manager. It may be doubted if there is another single eiiterpri.se in Rossland that has been so closely identified with the build- ing interests of the city or that has had so much to do with the construction of our residences and business blocks as The Rossland Mill and Lumber Com- pany. This was the first industry of the kind in Rossland. The plant comprises the lat- est improved machinery, and no expense has been spared to make this mill one of the best in this section ol British Col- umbia. Only the most .skilled and com- petent workmen are employed, and the best of materials used. At the present writing, there are emp!oyeorn in Ontario, Canada, but was a pio- neer of British Columbia's new era, hav- ing come ,to the Province in 1885. He was first connected with t'e furniture business at Brandon, M ..liioba, was for a numl)er of years in ..le furniture busi- ness in Victoria, B. C. He is also also a a skilled undertaker, and a graduate of the U. S. College of Emlmlming. J. M. Jordan is a native of the state of Georgia. He received his education in his native state, and having engaged in merchandising tiefore attaining his ma- jority, and remained in it mitil he wound up his business with a view of coming to British Columbia, also recei: '.-d his busi- ness training there. Arriving in British Columbia in February of last year, he made an extended trip throughout the mining sections of the Province, and, settling upon Rossland as the most ]>roni- ising town, he decided to engage in bus- iness here. Accordingly, having become I ac(juainted with Mr. Lockhart, they { united their interests, and purchasing the first large and complete slock of fur- I niture, carpets and undertakers' goods '' ever brought to Rossland, opened their ' commodious store for trade forMay of the present year. LOCKHART & JORDAN. Importers and Dealers in Furniture, Car- pets and Undertakers' Goods. Among the number of !)• siness firms that have engaged in trade in Ros.sland since the beginning of the present year, none are more worthy of conspicuous and favorable mention than Ivockhart & Jordan. The stock carried by this house is so plainly indicated in the head of this article, that it only remains to say that it is the largest and 'most complete stock of the kind in this part of British Columbia and includes everything in the line of furniture, from the plain but serviceable quality used by the laboring man's fam- ily to the most exquisitely carved and upholstered furniture which adorns the homes of the wealthy. The extensive stock of furniture is .supplemented by a general line of carpets, floor cloths, mat- ting rugs, mats, draperies, window cur- tains, shades and cornice poles, lace cur- tains and fixtures, upholstery, beds, bed- ding, pillows, toilet crockery^ etc. The fimi is a buyer in' car-load lots from the l)est factori'os of Canada, and is. JAMES PRICE. Merchant Tailor. James Pric^ first came to Ros.slaiul in ! 1894, and in April of the following year established the pioneer tailoring business of the camp. He had been the leading I tailor of Nelson since 1893, and on start- ing in business here found many old ! patrons, who had come with the rush to I Ros.sland. As he was the first, so is Mr. Price the I leading tailor of Rossland. He carries a I large and well selected stock of the finest 1 imported goods, and keeps fully abreast I of the times both as to style of cut and ' the latest and most fashionable patterns. I His stock includes the best English, I Scotch, French and Irish goods, and it is [ not too much to say the display of trouser- I ings, suitings, vestings ann overcoatings i is the most attractive in the city. Mr. Price is an ex'perienced cutter, and does all cutting and fitting himself. He uses the celebrated John J. Mitchell system, and the latest Mitchell fashion plates are always on display for in- I pection. All garments are iiipde under j Mr. I'rice's direct supervision, and none I but the most skilled jcnirneyman tailors j are employed. Mr. Price makes no misfits. It is gratifying to lie able to state that Mr. Price counts among his patrons many of the l»est flressed gentlemen of Rossland and the contiguous camps, an4 feet square inside. Furnace Room, 60x310 feet, 68 feet to peak of roof. The ore is being smelted after two methods :— -(a) In four reverb- eratories, hearths 14x22 feet, 40 tons each per 24 hours, in charges of roasted and un- roasted ores, slag and limestone are now being treated. The fuel is wood, but as this IS not yet dry enough to give the re- quired heat, coal also is being used, over 70 tons a day, from the Antbmcite Coal Co's mines, on the eastern limits of the Rocky Mountains, whence it is brought over ihe Canadian Pacific Railroad to Re- velstoke, or Arrowhead, and thence in scows down the Arrow Lakes and the Co- lumbia to the smelter, whence it is raised up an incline 160 feet by a small steam hoist with cable and car, to a trestle along which the car can be run to the shutes wherever needed in the works; (b) In two 38x144 Rect. blast furnaces, with a cap- acity of 200 tons each, floor water jacketed \ with 14 four inch tuyeres, ore is now | smelted. As the amount of sulphur in these ores is low, and that in the pyrrho- 1 tite not available for fuel, as already it i | natural matte, a typical form of pyrl ^ smelting cannot be used, but more or less fuel is necessary, and a very satisfactory grade of coke is got from Fairhaven, Washington, although it carries from 20 to 24 per cent. ash. A small amount of limestone is added to the charge, but at present a very acid slag, rather thick, but giving a good separation, is flowing, but very careful handling of the furnace is imperative. The bluff on which the smelter stands is sand, but the top and face of the dump 120 feet high, is being covered with slag that flows in sand gutters from the rever- beratories, or is whee!ed out in the usual slag-pots from the blast furnace ; but in t short time all s!ag will run from the furn- aces into water troughs, be granulated and ; then swept out to the dump, which will I be protected from scouring out by the slag covering. In the engine room are one 165H.P. Cor- liss engine and two 125 H.P. engines each electrical motors, built by the Canadian Electric Co. Power for engines is furn- ished by two Pelton wheels. Two No. 6 Root blowers are now used, but a No, 7 will be needed when the big blasting I furnace is blown in. Power is transmitted j by shafting, but mostly by wire cables I running over large pulleys to different I parts of the works. However, steam power may soon be replaced by electricity , as a plant is to he erected at the foot of I the dump and supplied with Peltor. ' wheels and water under a 250 foot head. I On a tributary of the Columbia, not far ! from Trail, a very large water power has been secured by Mr. Heinze, who pro- I poses the installation of an electric plant ! for the distant transmission of electrical energy which may be brought to the mines as electricity has now become so success- ful and economical a factor in mining else- where. At present 200 to 220 tons of ore per day are now being brought down from Rossland by the Tramway, but this amount will be greatly increased. From 175 to 200 men are now employed and w»">" "" these improvements are com- pleted, this smelting plant will be well equipped and capable of handling 350 to 400 tons of ore daily ; and if the demand increases, a still larger plant can easily be added. Again with the increased means of transpot . and the buildingof roads into our mineral producing districts, access to other cla.ssEs of ore may greatly better and cheapen the process of smelting. Besides that with the Le Roi, contracts have been made with the War Eagle, Iron Mask and Crown Point. The recent re- fining of and making two gold bricks, one weighing 250 ounces and the other be- tween 200 and 250 ounces, has created much comment throughout the district. E. S. TOPPING, Esq. K S. Topping, Ksq., "The Father of Trail*' waa bom in BufTolk county. N. Y., in 1844. His life if written with regard to all the data at hand, would read like a romance. He was a sailor boy at eleven years of age. He was a contractor on the U. P. Ry. in 1867, at the age of twenty-two. He was an explorer and miner in the Yellowstone Park In the early seventies and was the discoverer of the Norris Gej^ser basin. In 1874 and 1875, he trapped and hunted in the Sioux country, and took part in some Fort Peace fights with the Indians. He was with Gen. Crooks' expedition as a scout, and was at the same time a correspondent for eastern papers. Mr Topping was a pioneer to the Black Hills, and was fortunate in his locations and specula- tion. He returned to Montana in 1883, and ac- cepted a situation as a collector of facts and as a writer fur Bancroft's history. He about this time published a work of his own, entitled "Chronicles of the Yellowstone." The following four years wereunprofitably spent in working delusive pros- pects in the Ccjcur d'Alcnea. Mr. Topping came to Dritish Columbia in 1888. He had the misfortune to meet with an accidental gun-shot wound in his wrist, which laid him up for some months, and exhausted his ready funds. Nothing daunted, he began work as a fisherman as soon as he was able to get out, and with one hand -nly serx'icenble, cleared $100 per month fislu.ig. He next took charge of a store, and having become a Canadian citizen, was appointed Recorder and Constable. From this time on Mr. Topping's fortunes have attained a more rosy hue. He has a double title to the "Father of Trail," in the fact that it was due to his advice ant' insistance that the discov- erers of the now famous Le Koi continued pros- pecting to a demonstration of thetichuess of the on*, and to the added fact that he had laifl out and built the now thriving town ot Trail, the firM town in the Trail Creek district. The town of Trail is most advantageously sit- uated, not only for a trading point, but, as well fur smelter.i and for manufacturii.g sites. It is at the mouth of Trail Creek, oti the Columbia river. The town is connected «ith the mines, sevtn miles distant, by the C. W. Ry, and wiih all out- side points by steamers on the Columbia. The largest industry yet ill operation at Trail is Mr. F. A. lleinxe's great smelter. A nnmbtr of other industries necessary to a mining section, have been eHtablished, and the town divides honors with KosHland as a trade center ; but it will pro- bably be as a manufacturing and smelting point that Trail will excell all other places in the Kootenays. In concluding this \oo brief sketch, it should be added that "The Father of Trail ' owns and oc- cupies one of the finest residences in the town, and is one of the most prominent, popular ond esteemed citixens nf the district. ons of cire down from his amount 1 employed ts are com- U be well ing350 to le demand »n easily be sed means if roads into s, access to f better and i, contracts Eagle, Iron recent re- i bricks, one He other be- has created le district. Esq. r of Trail" wan 44. His life if It hand, wouW ir boy at eleven tor on the U- -two. He wa« owstone Park incoverer of the i875, he trapped and took part ; Indians. He as a scout, and lent for eastern ie Black Hills, s and specula- 883, and ac- facis and as a about this time Chronicles g four years delusive pros- ed ' unihia in 1888. an accidental laid him up ready funds. Bsherman and with one 00 per month if n store, and was appointed 1 fortunes have 1 a doubli; title that it was lat the discov- onlinurd pros- richness of the adlnid out and Trail, tlie firs-t tageously sit- , hut, as well , sites Itisat oUmihia river, mines, sevtn wiih all ont- tunihia. The Trail is Mr. umbtr of other section, Imve divides hijuors lit it will pro- melting point places ill the ch, it should he owns and cc- liil the town, nt, popular and It Pcctiacnt, HON. GEO. E. FOSTER, M. P^ laU Miniiter of Finance, Ottawa, Ont. Secretwy. LEO H. SCHMIDT, Ro«Und, B. C EDWARD C FINCH, Gcn«al Manager, RoMland, B. C Silver Queen Mining Co, (LDWrTED LIABIUTY.) HEAD OFHCEt COLUHl-JIA AVENUE, ROSSLAND, B. C Hon. Thomas Mavnb Daly, Q. C, late M. P. and Minister of the Interior. Kdwaru C. Pinch, Mining Operator. Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner. DIRECTORS. Hon. Geo. B. Poster, m. P., late Minister of finance. William P. Havward, Mine Owner. C. C. WOODHOCSB, Jr., Mining Engineer. CONSULTING ENOINEER-C.C. Woodhouse, Jr., M JosBrn B. Dabnrv, Presidep* ' -eystone Mining Co. Leo. H. Schmidt, Capiulist. R. W. Grigor, Capiulist. E. CAPITAL. $1 ,>S<>iOoo.oo; ahares, par value $1.00 each; treasury stock $350,000.00. MINE. The Silver Queen; location: Cariboo creek camp, Slocan mining division. West Kootenay, B. C. TITLE. All four claims have been surveyed for a Crown Grant, which has been earned and applied for, and will be issued at once. DEVELOPMENT. A total to date, August 10, 1897, of 160 feet of tunnel and 70 feet of open cut; a cook house, bunk house and camp; a blacksmith shop, ore dump end ore bunk- ers have been built, and a great deal of prospecting and stripping done. SHOVtflNO. Two well-defined leads, one of which has been traced for about 3,000 feet, carry- ing great width and strong values. ASSAYS. From jaot. to 400 oa. silver, trace to I180 gold, small percentage of copper and lead. PROPERTY. Four full claims, via.: the Black Pox, the Red For, the Grey Wolf and Black Diamond mineral claims, on Sncw creek, in Cariboo creek camp, Slocan mining division of West Kootenay, B. C. Recorded at Nakusp, B. C, CroucKiTUniiel- CrosscHtTn Ore 'ookhome and Camp tulNo. I ^elevation djtoc/frl Blatksmilh Shop Ore Bunkers Silver Queen Groti]). Scale: I in.~Kooft, Cariboo Creek Camp, Slo- can Division, West Koot- enay, B. C. TRANSPORTATION. The output of the Silver Queen will find its way to the smelter via the Colum- bia river, which is but a few miles distant on an easy down grade. Upon this great artery of commerxre, and but a few hours distant from the Silver Queen mine, one large smelter ind refinery is in operation and another is under construction. Others are projected, and a brisk competition for the ore output of this vicinity does and will exist, thus assuring a minimum charge for its treatment. FACILITIES FOR WORKING. An abundance of timber suitable for all its needs is on this property. A small mountain stream crosses the Black Fox claim near the mouth of tunnel No. i, affords an abundance of water for general purposes, while the turbulent Snow creek near by offers a plentiful and never-failing source of power for concentrators and other machinery. PLAN OP WORKING. The plan of working the property as laid out by its engineer, and now being systematically carried out, is In keeping with the magnitude of the proposition, and consists of an elaborate system of tun- nels, shafts and slopes, together with a concentrator on Snow creek for treating the low grade portion of the output. INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. A Great Mine. C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., the famous mining engineer and mineralogist, after making a tho- rough examination of^ the properties of this company, was interviewed by a representative o( a prominent eastern dailv, and expressed him- self for publication as follows: "I think the Silver Queen is one of the best mining propositions I ever saw. It is not a case of hunting for ore, it is one of mining high grade ore from the start. Upon the estimates 1 nave made I find the actual cash value of this ore to be aliout $65 per ton. The cost of mining, shipping and treating it should not exceed $30 per ton, IcaWng a profit after all expenses and charges of about $43 per ton. I predict that it will develop into one of the greatest mines m the Slocnn district." A Very Large Shipping Miiu. The Rosslander recently said: "All indications go to show that the Silver Queen has a very tiromlsing proi»erty, which will develop with only a moderate expenditure of money into a very large shipping mine." Of the Company's Capital Stock 350,000 snores nove m pu in me neoruiy For the purpose of providing a Develop- ment Fund. The proceeds of the sale of this stock can be used for no other purpose than that of placing the property on a ship- ping basis, purchasing machinery, etc. This Treasury Fund, despite the extensive development which the property has al- ready received, is still intact. The Com- pany have now decided tu place on the market a block of 50,000 snores d mis stock oi Ten cents per snore It is good I It is remarkably cheap I Send remittance through the Bank o( Montreal at Russland if you wish, or send direct to the Company. Address KDWARD C. FINCH, GiiN'L Managrr, Box 78, Rossland. B. C. Looks Exceedingly W^elL Thomas H. Praser, the noted South African expert, who now represents Scotch capital in British Columbia, recently visited the Silver Queen, and in an interview for the Seattle Post Intelligencer he spoke as follows of this property: "The Silver Queen group is showing up exceed- ingly well. The width of the lode is about 14 feet, of which several feet is solid mineral going high up in the hundreds in silver and gold. Development is being pushed." A Silver and Gold Proposttion. ^ipeaklng of the Silver Queen the Kossland Miner recently said: "It is n silver and gold proposition, the ore carrying good values in those metals with a small percentage of copper and lead. The main lead opened to a depth of about 14 feet, carries five feet of ore acroaa which many samples have been taken, the general average of which have lieen 96 3.5 ounces silver and overf^-oo gold."