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! !: • 'Y ■■ ;, ■. ' 1 l:|,V, 
 
 
 
 First History of Rosslani B* C 
 
 WITH SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT 
 Cm^NS, FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS. 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 ly 
 
 PUBLBHBDBY 
 
 STUNDBN * ferine; RooUodi, B. C 
 
 PRICE 50c 
 
 /f^T 
 

 THE MOUNTAINS. 
 
 By Howaurd T. Lee. 
 
 God loves the mountains. Since earth's primil days, 
 When pony man awoke to light and life. 
 
 His steps have haunted all their mystic ways, 
 Above, remote from pettjr human strife. 
 
 Man's monuments endure but for a day. 
 
 But these eternal in their streng^th alway. 
 
 How little all thing:s human builded seem I 
 The noarbled pomp of proud imperial Rome ; 
 
 The Tower of Babel, but a madman's dream j 
 The boast of Grecian art, St. Peter's dome } 
 
 The pig:my pyramids, the Pharaoh's pride. 
 
 How like to motes our mig^hty peaks besides! 
 
 We proudly choose some fondly cherished spot. 
 And rear our shafts for future eyes to see, 
 
 A little time, and lol our works are not ; 
 They perish as the leaves that fall, but ye 
 
 Have stood in strengfth since immemorial time. 
 
 And still shall stand, forever more sublime. 
 
 Beloved by Nature fond, the sun's first rays 
 Bask on each crown in ecstasy of bliss 
 
 With soft caress, and his last ling:erins blaze 
 The towering: purple summits softly kiss. 
 
 Ere yet he sinks within the golden west 
 
 And leaves the world to solitude and rest. 
 
 The mountains have been Freedom's safe retreat 
 From tyraimy, since Time's first early dawn ; 
 
 Here Liberty has fled with bleeding feet 
 When in the plain all light and hope had flown ; 
 
 And standing proudly on the towering height 
 
 Has bid definance to the tytant's might. 
 
 O mighty peaks, so all supremely grand ! 
 
 Springing to meet the azure vault above, 
 Warding from storm the slumbering, peaceful land, 
 
 Bending o'er all with tender, ceaseless love ; 
 Watch still, mute sentries, set by Him on high 
 To guard us during life and point us to the sky. 
 
A History of Rossland and the Trail Creek District* 
 
 WRITTEN BY HAROLD KINGSMUX. 
 
 iNthe late fifties and the earlier years of 
 the sixties, the province of British Colum- 
 bia was the scene of placer gold mining 
 excitements. Golden Cariboo, and Cassiar 
 in the north were turning out their mil- 
 lions of the yellow metal in nuggets and 
 dust. When the news reached Victoria of 
 the fabulously rich diggings on Wild 
 Horse Creek in far away East Kootenay, 
 there was another stampede; and to facili- 
 tate the transportation of supplies, and to 
 ensure a means of communication with 
 Pacific coast points, the existing govern- 
 ment undertook the construction of the 
 now celebrated Dewdney trail. This trail 
 started from Shope on the Krascr river 
 and as nearly as possible paralleled the 
 international boundary line to Wild 
 Horse creek in East Kootenay. At the 
 Columbia river crossing a small stream 
 was followed from its mouth to its source, 
 and from this fact was called Trail creek. 
 The work of construction was under the 
 direct supervision of Edgar Dewdney, a 
 young civil engineer, and now lieutenant- 
 governor of this province. This part of 
 the trail was completed in the summer of 
 1861. This is also the first authentic 
 account of the advent of the white man in 
 the now celebrated Trail CreeV: district, 
 though it is presumed that the trappers and 
 traders of the Hudson Bay company had 
 been through the country many years an- 
 terior to the advent of trail builders' visit. 
 It is definitely knc n that these early 
 pioneers did not find any evidences of the 
 existence of the mineral deposits of this 
 camp. How they missed it is a wonder, 
 and is only explaineil by the fact that 
 they did not want quartz mines, and 
 would not have been in a position, by 
 reason of transportation, smelting, and 
 other difHculties, to have worked them 
 successfully. Nothing is now known of 
 the district's history, or lack of it, for a 
 period of twenty-five years. 
 
 In the years 1884, 1885 and 1886, a pla- 
 cer excitement on Rock creek, some 
 eighty miles to the west of Trail creek, 
 and the discovery of a fine free milling 
 
 gold quartz lead on the Cariboo claim, 
 caused not a little excitement among the 
 few hardy pioneers who were in the coun- 
 try at that time. As a direct consequence 
 of this strike a few venturesome spirits 
 started prospecting all over the surround- 
 ing country. Two prospectors, George Bow- 
 emian and George Leyson, pushed their 
 way eastward, following the course of the 
 old Dewdney trail as nearly as possible. 
 In July, 1887, they uncovere<l ore on 
 what is now known as the Lily May mine- 
 Retracing their steps to Rock creek they 
 exhibited their samples and a small ex- 
 citement was caused at once. The ore 
 was there as.sayed by a man named Reed, 
 and the results obtained were, as nearly as 
 Bowerman remembers, 242 and 276 ounces 
 in silver to the ton, with very fair values 
 in lead and gold. They returned to the 
 claim and commenced work. A shaft 
 was started and for the first week develop- 
 ment proved the claim a txinanza, but be- 
 fore it had attained a depth of twenty 
 feet, in mining parlance, they had blown 
 out all the ore in sight, and the walls of 
 vein came together so that a knife blade 
 could not be placed between them. They 
 at once became discouraged, al)andoned 
 the location, and left the country. Leyson 
 never returned to the camp, but la.st sum- 
 mer George Bowerman held a position as 
 foreman on the Mayflower mine, within 
 sight of his camp of nine years before. 
 
 The same summer a party consisting of 
 the Thrasher Brothers, Billy Moore, Rice 
 and Mike Mahoney came over the Dewd- 
 ney trail from Rock creek. However 
 they only stayed two days in the district, 
 and contrary to much that has been 
 written, did not visit the Red mountain. 
 Discouraged, like Bowerman and Ley.son 
 l^efore them, they left the country. In 
 the following year but one, Oliver Bonleau 
 and Newlin Hoover relocated Bowerman's 
 old find, naming it the Lily May'. Hoover 
 and Bordeau innnediately went to work 
 on th'; property, and continued develop- 
 ment work with a fair degree of success 
 throuxhout the winter of 1889-90. In 
 
 July, 1890, Joseph Moris and Joseph Bour- 
 geois (both men had been working with 
 Bordeau during the previous winter), dur- 
 ing the latter's absence at Nelson, left his 
 employ and started on a prospecting trip. 
 They discovered ore on Red mountain, 
 about a mile and one half to the north- 
 east of the Lily May, and staked in one 
 day the following claims: the Le Roi, 
 War Eagle, Centre Star, Virginia and 
 Idaho. A group of claims, a low estimate 
 of the value of which is ^15,000,000.00. 
 At that time Nelson was the only record- 
 ing office in the district, and thither wen» 
 wen the pair to have their claims 
 recorded, and assays made on the ore. 
 While there they met E. S. Topping, and, 
 under the law l)eing unable to hold more 
 than two (one each) locations on the 
 same ledge, and as the Le Roi, Centre 
 Star and Idaho appeared to be located on 
 the same lead, they offered him his 
 choice of the gi-'up upon the condition 
 that he should pay the costs of recording 
 the five claims. The ore was assayed by 
 the late G. E. R. Ellis of Nelson, aiid the 
 following results obtained: the LeRoi ore 
 went I38.00 and |!4o.oo in gold; the War 
 Eagle I24; and the Centre Star showed 
 about the same values. The V'irginia ore 
 only gave fio per ton in gold. No ore 
 had been taken from the Iron Mask. Top- 
 ping accepted the offer and chose the Le 
 Roi on account of the better rcsiilts ob- 
 tained. He then made a trip to the camp, 
 prepared to make his residence there and 
 open up his find. Topping carefully 
 sampled the property, and armed with 
 assay certificates and splendid ore sam- 
 ples he went to Spokane, where he in- 
 duced a syndicate with Mr. Oliver Durant 
 at its head to take a lK>nd on '^ or a con- 
 trolling interest in the property tor 
 |!l6,ooo.oo. 
 
 The news of the strike spreading around 
 Nelson caused a regular stampede to the 
 new Eldorado, and a .small army of pros- 
 pectors were soon in the camp, and in 
 July, 1890, Satn St. Onge, Fred Cabana, 
 Bill Springer, Charlie Dronin, Sam Cres- 
 
 

 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTJUCT 
 
 4 
 
 'A 
 
 tow, Harry Shcran and Jemmy Maher. 
 anil others arrived in the district. 
 Among others, the following locations 
 nia<le by them are still alive, though 
 none of them are in the hands of the 
 locators. The Monte Cristo, Iron Horse, 
 Knterprise, Josie, St. Elmo, Mountain 
 View, Columbia and C. and C. Next 
 came George C. Tunstall, Tom Wanl, 
 I'hil Aspinwall, Billy Perdue, Joe Midl- 
 and (now dead), Billy Sheffield, George 
 Sheppard, Alec Currie, Felix Ruel, Tom 
 Duffy, and Jimmy Johnson. Their lo- 
 cations were the Consolidated St. Rlmo, 
 Kootenay,, Zilor, Iron Colt, Gopher, 
 Georgia, Pride of Trail Creek, Cliff and 
 Mayflower. Ore from the last mentioned 
 went 1 20 ounces in silver and fliz.oo in 
 gold. 
 
 As .soon as practicable after he had Ixin- 
 ded the Le Roi, Mr. Durant commenced 
 operations on the mine. K. J. Kelly was 
 foreman. During the winter the new 
 owners bought the mine outright from 
 Topping. About the .same time Mr. Dur- 
 ant disposed of his interest in the Le Roi 
 bond, and immediately bonded the Centre 
 Star from the original locators. In a de- 
 sultory manner development was kept 
 going on the he Roi, and in the fall of 
 1891, seven tons of ore was packed out to 
 the Columbia river on mules' backs, and 
 from that point shipped to one of the 
 many snielters at Butte, Montana. The 
 returns from this ore showed a combined 
 gold and copper value of II84.60 per ton. 
 Except on the Le Roi little or no work 
 was being done elsewhere in the camp, 
 though a 2,500 pound shipment from the 
 Iron Masl went J23.00 in gold; and Du- 
 rant and Tarbet in 1892 had shipped a few 
 tons from the Centre Star, the results of 
 which are not obtainable. Then came a 
 period in .vhich the future of the camp 
 was iKith black and gloomy, but the strike 
 of a fine Ixxly of ore in the Le Roi made 
 this property a mine beyond perad venture. 
 The War Eagle was also l)onded to Du- 
 rant and Tarliet, who threw the l)ond up 
 after some work. In 1893 it was Ixinded 
 to Mr. Pugh of the Pyritic Smelting com- 
 pany, of San Francisco. An expert by 
 the name of McMillan was sent in to 
 examine the property, and he not onlv 
 condemned it. but he condemned the 
 whole camp, which caused tlie San Fran- 
 cisco company to quit. In October of 
 the satne year it was 1)onded to Wake- 
 field, Roberts and Corbin, who, in March, 
 1K94, took Patsy Clatk and his associates 
 in on the Imnd. 
 
 During the summer of iSg^, the Le Roi 
 company, aided financially by the provin- 
 cial government, undertook the construc- 
 
 tion of the wagon road to Trail landing, 
 for the dual purpose of bringing in 
 machinery and hauling out ore. In 
 August, 1893, Brig Atkinson started haul- 
 ing ore from the Le Roi to Trail, an<l the 
 I^e Roi company has been shipping ore 
 ever since. 
 
 In the same year Ftank Loring, on the 
 strength of some large assays, bonded the 
 Josie for Patsy Clark, but Clark after- 
 wards declared he had been salted, as he 
 only obtained p.oo gold values. From 
 the same pulp luring got returns as high 
 as 1(40.00 in gold. Loring then made 
 Clark a proposition to take the l)ond off 
 his hands, which was accepted. Mr. Lor- 
 ing took the Sonnemann Brothers, of 
 Kellogg, Idaho, in with him, and they 
 immediately began work. George Sonne- 
 mann carefully sampled the dump all 
 summer, but could never get more than 
 |t20.oo in gold per ton from the ore. In 
 the fall of 1894 Joseph L. Warner sampled 
 the dump, and on the strength of the 
 assays made by himself purchased it, and 
 made a shipment of some 70 odd tons to 
 a Tacoma smelter. He got I43.00 per ton 
 from the smelter. Up to this time assay- 
 ers apparently had been unable to deter- 
 mine the value of the ore. Ellis, who had 
 made the first assays for Topping, Moris 
 and Bourgeois, l)eing the only one whose 
 assays ran even with the smelting returns. 
 
 In the sunmier of 1894, Ed. Havey and 
 the Carter Bros., then owners of the 
 Nickel Plate, put a hoist on this property 
 and sank the shaft to a depth of 66 feet. 
 About the same time Patsy Clark had a most 
 careful survey made of the workings of 
 the War Eagle, and it was found that the 
 tunnel had left the ledge, and instead of 
 following the course of the vein (south- 
 west) that the tunnel had been driven due 
 west, consequently nmch to the north of 
 the vein. A crosscut was started for the 
 vein and reached it in seventy feet. Then 
 the War F^agle was a mine. 
 
 During the satne summer F.il. Welch 
 and his partner Sam Morris had located 
 the fSold Hill property on Granite Moun- 
 tain. They commenced work on a shaft 
 and in Octol)er of the same year they 
 shipped twelve tons of ore. The Smelter 
 returns did not show nearly the values 
 that the ore was supposed to contain, so 
 Welch and Morris lost mrney on the en- 
 terprise. 
 
 On December 4t1i, 1894, Patsy Clark and 
 his as.sociates jMld off the Ixind on the 
 War Eagle group, which then consisted 
 of the War Eagle, Iron Mask and Virginia. 
 The purchase price b^ing 123,000. This 
 done they innnediately entered into a 
 contract with the East Helena Montana 
 
 Smelting Co, to furnish them a minimum 
 of 1000 tons per month of War Eagle. 
 The purchase of the War Eagle and the 
 terms of this contract were given much 
 publicity by the Spoiesman-Zfetieti' and 
 other papers in the State of Washington, 
 and inmiediately the Trail Creek district 
 became the cynosure of the eyes of every 
 prospector and mining man in the north- 
 west. The stampede which resulted in 
 giving the Trail Creek camp, a world wide 
 reputation at once began. From that 
 moment to the present day there never 
 has been a doubt as to the wonderful 
 future of this more wonderful camp. In 
 January 1895 nearly every well known 
 prospector in the northwest was heading 
 for Trail Creek, and by the middle of 
 March every available piece of ground 
 had been located, in fact in some places 
 several locations had been made to cover 
 one vacant claim. Capital soon followed 
 and among a host others the following 
 well known operators were early on the 
 ground. John M. Burke, J B. Jones, C. S. 
 Warren, A. W. McCune, A. E. Humph- 
 reys, Chas. Sweeney, S. I. Silverman, and 
 L. P. Merrill. Early in the month of 
 April every claim within a close radius of 
 Red Mountain had been Ixjwded, disputes 
 involving title to good mineral claims 
 notably in the case of the present West 
 Le Roi and Josie consolidated, had been 
 adjustetl and forces of men put to work 
 on the various properties, clearing away 
 brush, trees and other obstacles prepara- 
 tory to work of deep mining. 
 
 In June the snow had entirely disap- 
 p».ared and the hills adjacent and tribu- 
 tary to the Trail Creek camp were literally 
 alive with men, prospecting for precious 
 metals. The Commander and Crown 
 Point mines are the two most important 
 finds of the early months of the year 1895. 
 
 In July oi}erations were resumed on the 
 Centre Star, a property which had laid 
 idle for three years, and from the Jutnljo 
 on the West to the Kootenay on the east 
 mining development was being carried on 
 on nearly every claim. Orders for the 
 iii.stallation of compres.sor and hoisting 
 plants were of frequent occurrence, and 
 slowly but surely the Trail Creek district 
 assumed the healthy app-'arance of a 
 prosperous mining camp. 
 
 Without a doubt the greatest and most 
 important event of the year was the 
 signing of an ore contract by the Le Roi 
 Mining and Smelting Company with Mr. 
 F. A. Heinze. The contract called for 
 75,000 tons of Le Roi ore to be delivered 
 to Mr. Hein/.e on the Le Roi clump, he to 
 move and treat the ore at > 11.00 per ton. 
 This contract in :idilitioii to clearlv fore- 
 
 I 
 
ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL C31EEK DISTRICT 
 
 I them a niinimuin 
 th of War KaKle. 
 ar Kagle and the 
 were ({iveii much 
 •s»Han-Jiei>ini> and 
 te of Washington, 
 rail Creek district 
 ■ the eyes of every 
 man in the north- 
 which resulted in 
 :amp, a world wide 
 gan. From that 
 day there never 
 to the wonderful 
 nderful camp. In 
 very well known 
 west was heading 
 )y the middle of 
 piece of ground 
 ct in some places 
 !en made to cover 
 lital soon followed 
 ers the following 
 were early on the 
 :e, J B. Jones, C. .S. 
 !, A. E. Humph- 
 I. Silverman, and 
 in the month of 
 n a close radius of 
 ti bonded, disputes 
 d mineral claims 
 the present West 
 lidated, had been 
 nen put to work 
 es, clearing away 
 jbstacles prepara- 
 ning. 
 
 d entirely disap- 
 jacent and tribu- 
 amp were literally 
 :ting for precious 
 ider and Crown 
 
 most important 
 IS of the year 1895. 
 re resumed on the 
 
 which had laid 
 from the JumlK) 
 enay on the east 
 s being carried oM 
 
 Orders for the 
 sor and hoisting 
 t occurrence, and 
 lil Creek district 
 appearance of a 
 ). 
 
 reatest and most 
 e year was the 
 ct by the Le Roi 
 impany with Mr. 
 intract called for 
 ; to be delivered 
 
 Roi dump, he to 
 It $11.00 per ton. 
 I to dcarlv fore- 
 
 stalling the speedy erection of a smelting 
 plant in close proximity to the mines of 
 the camp reduced the figure of freight 
 
 of the record of the camp, and need have and farm product', .\ccordingly, in the 
 no fear for its future. The reajions for ; following month, the owners, Mr. Tlioniii- 
 this belief are manifold. The construe- • son having in the meantime traded mi 
 and treatment of sulphide ores five dollars I tion of the Crow's Nest I'ass railway will interest in the lownsite to John R. Cook, 
 and fifty cents per ton, thereby giving | reduce materially the cost of smelting, struck a bargain with J. Kred Rili-hie. 
 much encouragement to the ownersoflow i and though the Le Roi smelter is being then the leading land surveyor at Nelst)n, 
 grade ores. Too much cannot be .said in j built in the dominions of I'ncle Sam, it and the townsite was platted. It was dt- 
 praise of Mr. Heinze for his unbounded will no doubt give much needed compe- cided to call the town Thompson, in 
 faith in the Trail Creek district at a period tition in the smelting business, thereby honor of its locator, but this name not 
 when mining development had not nearly helping the owners of Trail Creeks' mam- being sonorous enough, at least so con- 
 proved the possibilities of the district as I moth deposits of low grade sulphide ores, sidered by the postal authorities, who 
 they are known to-day. j j al.so raised the point that the name 
 
 The place of erection of the .Smelter at ! poRMATION OF THE DISTRICT i would conflict with villages of the same 
 first caused nmch speculation, but the ' j nomenclature in other parts of the prov- 
 
 ground for the works was broken at Trail In the formation of the district the pre- ince, a change was made to Rosslaiul. 
 in September, and the work of construe- j vailing rock is a greenstone in all its Lots were immediately placed on sale, 
 tion carried rapidly forward. The plant ! various refinements of nomenclature, but William Melville (otherwise Judge) New- 
 was first placed in operation in February j mostly diorite, syenite, porphyry— tlioritc ton having been made agent for the town- 
 of the following year and has from that i of all shades and textures, owing to its site company. . 
 
 day employed aoo men in ths reiluction ' constituents, viz.: feldspar, pyroxene and The choicest lots readily brought Jt.^o.oo 
 of Trail Creek ores. hornblende l)eing variously proportioned, apiece, the purchasers mainly being the 
 
 In the year 1895 development work j These nioimtain masses of diorite are prospectors and miners who had actjuiri-il 
 proceeded steadily onward in the mines | riven in .several directions, but mainly on mining interests in the camp. David 
 of the camp. Kach day's work showed up , east and west lines, by a series of true ' Stussi Was the first to erect a small buihl- 
 more ore in sight tb n the day before. 1 fis.sure veins. The.se veins are filled with ■ ing out of lumlx-r that had been saved 
 Innumerable companiL-s good, fly-by-night i a massive mixture of iron and copper sul- from the raging waters of the Columbia 
 and indifferent were formed for the de- \ phides, consisting of a pyrile, chalco- at Boundary City. This building stood on 
 velopment of the Trail Creek mines; and j pyrite. arseno-pyrite, pyrrhotite and mis- ' the site of the present Pacific hotel, near 
 hundreds of thousands of shares were | pickel, in a quartz and calcspar gangue. the west end of Columbia avenue. He 
 placed throughout the length and breadth I This ore is not often crystallized, but is put in a limited stock of goods, and in 
 
 of the land. Much has been said for and 
 against this method of obtaining funds 
 for the development of mines and the 
 
 usually in a solid amorphous mass, carry- ' addition his store constituted the post- 
 ing one to three ounces in gold, three to office of the place. The next building 
 
 was built by Thomas Miller and John 
 McDonald out of hewn logs. This build- 
 ing was recently torn down, and its site 
 is now occupied by the handsome block 
 of (ioodeve Brothers, the ilruggists. For 
 a perio<l of one year this building was 
 used as the offices of the Provincial 
 
 ten per cent, copper, and a small, varying 
 
 writer in this article has neither the space amount of silver, usually less than ten 
 
 nor the inclination to argue the question ounces to the ton. 
 
 one way or the ■ other. However the Had Ross Thompson l>een paid prompt- 
 actual mining development ca Tied on in ly for the work he did in a sawmill at 
 the camp during the two previous years Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, in the summer of 
 was certainly the only means of convinc- 1891, the site of what is now destined to 
 ing the promoters of two railroad com- be the largest city in the interior of the | Government at Rossland, ami in addition 
 panies that the mines of the camp yielded province of British Columbia would have ' to being the recording office of the dis- 
 enough tonnage of ore and other business another name tha- Rossland. Ross I trict, it was also the gaol and the court 
 to warrant construction. Th? Columbia Thompson landed at Trail in the fall of house. The third building was soon 
 and Western was completed in June 1896, 1891, and after some prospecting trips ; afterwards erected at the north-west cor- 
 the Red Mountain (a branch of the Spo- through the district, he concluded that , ner of Columbia avenue an«i Spokane 
 kane Falls and Northern) six months the Trail Creek district was good enough street by John Kdgren, who, upon its 
 later. for him, and witn an eye to future busi- completion opened a small store. About 
 The resume comes to the Trail Creek ness he filed a pre-emption on the one the same time the townsite company 
 
 camp of to-day, its merits and demerits. 
 Tiie consensus of opinion of unbiased 
 mining men being that "t is without a 
 peer (for its age and advantages) as a 
 gold copper producer in .America. Six 
 mines are we2kly shipping an rggregate 
 
 commenced the erection of the Clifton 
 hotel. This building was completed early 
 in July, and on the twelfth day of that 
 month it was opened by Alex. I,ynch (at 
 
 hundred and sixty acres that are now 
 covered by the city of Rossland. 
 
 In May, 1892, he built a log cabin now , 
 ! occupied by the store of Enipey Bros, and 
 
 I a barber shop, on the south side of Coluin- ] present local manager of Thomas Wilson 
 I bia avenue. In June he moved into it, : &. Co., of this city), and J. M. Stewart, 
 of 2000 tons, the value of which may be and for three years, in addition to l)eing Mes-srs. Lynch and .Stewart brought a 
 roughly placed at $50,033. Development the home of the builder, it was a refuge .stock of goods from Trail, and opened a 
 work in half a dozen other properties : at times fr revery old timer in the district small store in the CliTton in the space now 
 warrants the belief that this present out- who was unable to get the bearings of his occupied by the dining room. Karly in 
 put will be doubled if not trebled during i own habitation. \ August Ross Thompson started work on 
 
 the coming year. In May, 1894, Mr. Thompson obtained ! the Rossland hotel building; and Rlie 
 
 The pnst and present of this camp cer- a crown grant for hispre-emption, and he ! Lavalley built a habitation for his shoc- 
 tainly rroclaims in no unmistakable then, with much wisdom, concluded that i making business and family on Spokane 
 terms what its future will be. Its be- the land was much better adapted for 1 street. With many alterations this build- 
 jievers certainly have reason to be proud town lots than for .trrowing garden truck ' ing now constitutes the Spokane hotel. 
 
ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 Loiiin Blue, in July, brought in a port- 1 
 tible saw mill from Stevens county, state 
 of VVaNhington, and in August started 
 sawing lumber on an order from Stack and 
 McDonnell, for the Grand hotel. Mc- 
 IXmnell himself going to work in the 
 mill. From that lime the town began to 
 grow slowly. Q^rraher and Manly of 
 Grand Forks established a butcher shop. 
 This .shop was located on Spokane street, 
 and is now the place of business of the 
 Okanogan meat market. Next, Joseph 
 C. Luckenbel put up a building on Colum- 
 bia avenue for the purposes of a bath 
 house and'barlier shop. At this time this 
 building was the only one on the south 
 side of Columbia avenue, and was con- 
 sidered to be in the outskirts of the new 
 village. Today this building is almost in 
 the heart of the city. For the past year 
 it has Ijeen the home of the Bank of British 
 North America. Shortly afterwanls David 
 .Stus.si built himself a dwelling house on 
 the lot where the Crescent dry goods 
 store now stands, and Joe V'ogel, a well- 
 known character of the camp, erected a 
 log cabin where Hunter Brothers general 
 merchandise store is now situated. To the 
 north of tlie townsite, in the afterwards 
 somewhat cla.s,sic regions of the famous 
 Sour Dough, protiably twenty or thirty 
 prospectors and miners, either unable 
 or u' willing to purchase lots on the town- 
 site, had reared their humble homes. 
 This was the Ro.ssland of the days when 
 the wonderful .strike was made in the 
 War Eagle. In November, this mine's 
 management signing a contract to ship 
 250 tons of ore per week for three months, 
 attracted the attention of outsiders. 
 George Tunstall, of Nelson, erected the 
 store and office building now occupied by 
 C. O. Lalonde and the Reddin-Jackson 
 Co. Dad McKellar, in December, put a 
 stage on the Northportroad, and transient 
 travel at once increased to an alarming 
 extent, sleeping accommodations especi- 
 ally being taxed to their utmost; a lied 
 was often unobtainable, while shakedowns 
 were at a premium. 
 
 By the first of January, 1895, the town 
 of Rossland consisted of about half a hun- 
 dred buildings, cabins and shacks, the 
 inhabitants of which numbered two hnn- 
 dred .souls. As yet there had been no 
 rapid rise in the value of real estate, 
 though lots on Columbia avenue were 
 changing hands for figures ranging from 
 seventy-five to two hundred dollars. The 
 population at this time consisted chiefly 
 of the most typical types of the hardy 
 western miner and prospector. The town 
 contained no gaol, constable or other peace 
 officer, anil none were needed; a fact which 
 
 speaks in most glowing termsof the charac- 
 ter of the men and women who were the 
 pioneers of the now thriving city of Ross- 
 land. Although at this time the town 
 had the most congested means of com- 
 munication with the outside world, there 
 has been no very material change in the 
 prices of the necessaries of life; flour was 
 two dollars aud one half per hundred- 
 weight, and v'hisky sold at the usual 
 western price of twelve and a half cents 
 per drink. 
 
 In the middle of January G. A. Bigelow, 
 Chas. Van Ness, W. R. Will, John Malone, 
 W. F. TeeUel, J. H. Nolan, George Tun- 
 stall and other business men from Nelson 
 and New Denver, looked the town over, 
 bought thirty lots, let contracts for build- 
 ings, and in less than thirty days from 
 that time Mr. Van Ness was doing business 
 in a two story building, now known as 
 the War Eagle hotel, and Mr. Bigelow 
 was selling merchandise in the largest 
 building in the town. This building, with 
 a few changes, is now occupied by A. 
 McBride & Co., the hardware merchants. 
 Lots had quickly advanced, the best in- 
 sides being held at five hundred dollars. 
 
 There was no boom; that is, lots were 
 not being sold to real estate speculators. 
 Purchasers in the main were men who be- 
 lieved the town had a future, and believ- 
 ing so embarked in business in it. They 
 said, here is a camp in which hoisting 
 works were erected at the mines liefore 
 saloons were built; one whose payroll is 
 all within a radius of two and one hab 
 miles of Rossland, consequently there 
 must lie substantial reasons for the exist- 
 ence of a big city. 
 
 February saw the commencement of 
 the building boom. In rapid succession 
 did the inception of one building loUow 
 the completion of another. Hunter Bro- 
 thers came to Rossland during this month 
 j from Coulee City, and were soon im- 
 ! pressed with the business activity of the 
 I place, and the second day after their ar- 
 j rival they purchased for a mode.st price 
 (judged by its present value), from Joe 
 Vogel, the lot upon which their com- 
 modious store building now stands. A 
 contract for the erection of the store was 
 let, and before the first of April they were 
 doing business. Almstrom Brothers, of 
 Northport, had erected and were occupy- 
 ing the Victoria hotel. Lange and Peter- 
 son had opened the pioneer restaurant of 
 the town in the building now occupied 
 by the Spc''"ne hotel. Keefer and Hall 
 were doing a iii.'"*' business in the cigar 
 and tobacco line in a small store in 
 the rear of the Grand hotel on Spokane 
 street. 
 
 The month of Pehrnary nlno saw the 
 establishment of the first newspaper in 
 Rossland. The first copy of a ncw.spuper 
 ever printetl in the town appeareil on 
 Thurwlay, February j8th, although two 
 issues of the /tossland Record had been 
 issued previously, Ijcfore Eber C. Smith, 
 the proprietor of the paper, had been 
 able to get a team to haul up the plant 
 from Northport, so busy were the freight- 
 ers hauling lumber. The paper was a 
 very creditAble production indeed, and 
 spoke volumes for the stability an<l 
 energy of the new town. When the 
 Record came to Rossland its plant and 
 composing room occupied the space over 
 Edgren's general merchandise store at 
 the corner of Spokane street and Colum- 
 bia avenue. 
 
 On March ind, i895,in its first issue, the 
 Rossland Miner, which was temporarily 
 housed in Ross Thompson's long suffering 
 cabin, tersely summed up Rossland as 
 follows: "Rossland has already four hotels, 
 three restaurants, three general mer- 
 chandise stores, three fruit and news 
 stores, two barber shops, one bath house, 
 one bakery, one tin shop, one black- 
 smith shop, one shoemaker shop, three 
 doctors, one lawyer, one landsurveyor, 
 one custom house, two saw mills, two 
 newspapers, and neither a real estate 
 agent or a constable. Justice is dispensed 
 by one justice of the peace, and straight 
 
 •hisky by four bartenders. The town is 
 »'.1.»rly, and there are already more than 
 |v ugh children to start a school." The 
 I Miner at that period was owned by 
 \ Messrs. Houston (now mayor) and Dake, 
 of Nelson. David B. Bogle was the 
 editor. The Miner in its original dress was 
 a three column eight page paper, and had 
 the distinction of being printed on book 
 paper. For many months the Rossland 
 Record and Rossland Miner had the jour- 
 nalistic and job printing business to them- 
 selves. Well and ably too did they cover 
 the field. 
 
 March, 1895, was a very important 
 month in the history of the new town. 
 j Great was the building and many were 
 the changes. The early operation of the 
 plant ot the Nelson Sawmill company, 
 which was situated down on Trail creek, 
 almost on the present site of the power 
 house of the Rossland Water and Light 
 company, at once relieved the pressure at 
 which Louis Blue's mill was being run, 
 aud for a time the lumber famine, which 
 had l)een hampering the erection of many 
 buildings, was relieved to a great extent. 
 Though two saw mills were running day 
 and night, and a mill at Northport was 
 shipping lumber to Rossland as fast as 
 
 ' 
 
nary also saw the 
 rst newspaper in 
 py of a newspaper 
 own appeared on 
 ith, althou)(h two 
 
 Record had been 
 re Eber C. Smith, 
 
 paper, had l)een 
 haul up the plant 
 f were the freiKlit- 
 The paper was a 
 ition indeed, and 
 the stability and 
 town. When the 
 ,nd its plant and 
 ed the space over 
 chandise store at 
 street and Colum- 
 
 n its first issue, the 
 1 was temporarily 
 on'slong suffering 
 I up Rossland as 
 ilready four hotels, 
 ree general mer- 
 ; fruit and news 
 )s, one bath house, 
 shop, one black- 
 naker shop, three 
 Dne landsurveyor, 
 iro saw mills, two 
 ler a real estate 
 ustice is dispensed 
 eace, and straight 
 lers. The town is 
 ilready more than 
 rt a school." The 
 
 was owned by 
 mayor) and Dake, 
 
 Bogle was the 
 original dress was 
 ige paper, and had 
 printed on book 
 iths the Rossland 
 finer had the jour- 
 ; business to them- 
 too did they cover 
 
 very important 
 of the new town. 
 ; and many were 
 y operation of the 
 awmill company, 
 n\ on Trail creek, 
 
 site of the power 
 
 Water and Light 
 red the pressure at 
 11 was being run, • 
 t)er famine, which 
 e erection of many 
 
 to a great extent, 
 were running day 
 
 at Northport was 
 isslaiid as fast as 
 
 if 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL caiEEK DISTRICT 
 
 teams could haul, building affairs were in 
 a most congested state. During this 
 month .vork was started on the Ritchie 
 block for J. Fred. Ritchie and Brig At- 
 kinson. (>us Wassholm built the Moun- 
 tain View (now the Clarendon Hotel). 
 W. K. Teetzel built the block now occu- 
 pied by the drug store of McLean & 
 Morrow and the Vancouver Cigar store. 
 H. P. McLean was the pioneer druggist 
 in the then thriving town, and has been 
 doing business ever since at the same 
 place in which he opened, though for a few 
 weeks he was temporarily installed in G. 
 A. Bigelow & Co's general merchandise 
 store. R. A. Spencer built the Howard 
 Hotel during the month and at the same 
 time Jones & McDonald opened up the 
 Belmont Hotel on Sour Dough Alley. 
 
 The recording office for the district, 
 which up to the present time had been loca- 
 ted at Trail, to the great inconvenience of 
 every mining man, miner and prospector 
 in the district, was moved to Rossland, 
 and Wm. Newton was temporarily ap- 
 pointed recorder. However, his arbitrary 
 methods of doing business for miners and 
 prospectors demanded a change, and the 
 appointment of John Kirkup as recorder 
 and Government agent gave general sat- 
 isfaction. The recording office was at 
 once moved from the Custom House to 
 McDonald & Miller's log building at 
 tie east end of Columbia Avenue. 
 
 In January the Dominion Government 
 made Rossland a sub-port of entry to the 
 port of New Westminster. W. S. Jones 
 was appointed collector. At this period 
 the Government strenuously objected to 
 opening a Customs office here, averring 
 that the office would not pay running ex- 
 penses. It was only upon the manage- 
 ment of the War Eagle Company agreeihg 
 to pay the Collector's salary that the 
 office was opened. For a period of four 
 weeks Rossland's Collector was without 
 an office building and obligingly did busi- 
 ness at all hours of the day and night to 
 accommodate the merchants and business 
 men of the town. 
 
 In March, "Spud" Murphy also' com- 
 pleted the Rossland Spring Brewery, and 
 applied for license to commence opera- 
 tions, the initial capacity of the brewery 
 l>eing fifteen barrels per day. 
 
 At this period of the town's hi.story all 
 the buildings were erected within a 
 close radius of the Clifton Hotel, and for 
 many months events gave the impression 
 that the main business portion of the town 
 would gradually work its way westward, 
 but the townsite company declined to re- 
 move the rock bluff, which to this day is 
 a veritable bete noir to this portion of the 
 
 city. Between the Ritchie block iind the 
 present Kootcnay Hotel, then the eiist'Tn 
 limits ofthe town, the creek passing down 
 Centre Star guU-li seemed to cut off what 
 is now the best Imsiness part of the city. 
 However, the "rection of ii tailor shop by J. 
 All)ano, in the building now occupied by 
 I'aterson, Johnson &. Co., the construction 
 of the White House building and the 
 Kootenay Hotel, at once and forever set- 
 tled the direction in which the position 
 ofthe business portion of the town would 
 be. i-\)M after work was commenced on 
 the Kootenay Hotel, the Rossland Miner 
 people built the building, at least a jx)r- 
 tion of it, which now stands at the north 
 east corner of Washington and Columbia 
 avenue, where Martin Bros, arc conduc- 
 ting their hardwar" I -siness. Though 
 all this building was going on in the east 
 end of the town, it must not be presumed 
 that this section of the town had all the 
 improvements, for buildings were be- 
 ing erected very quickly in the west end 
 ofthe avenup. During March and April, 
 David Stussi erected the Stussi block, the 
 main portion of which since its completion 
 has been occupied by the book .store of 
 Mr. H. 3 Wallace. The portion of the 
 building now occupied by the Ensign 
 Cigar store, Mr. Stussi utilized as the 
 post office, and though only ten feet wide 
 and forty feet long, for six months it had 
 ample space for the modest needs of the 
 town. A. J. Shirley's was the pioneer 
 bakery ofthe town, though Billy Kellem 
 was running a bakery in connection with 
 his restaurant. His building stood on the 
 1 lot now occupied by Travers' hardware 
 I store. 
 
 About the same time too 'Bob' Lemon 
 
 ! the irrepresiible one of the pioneer mer- 
 
 1 chants of Nelson, Three Forks and other 
 
 i places in the upper country, arrived in 
 
 town ai,d bought the lot to the west of 
 
 ! the War Eagle Hotel and commenced the 
 
 I erection of one of the very first lath and 
 
 ; plastered buildings in the town. On the 
 
 completion of the building Mr. Lemon 
 
 moved in one of the most complete stocks 
 
 I of mining supplies ever seen in the 
 
 country, bringing it from his store at 
 
 ' Three Fo-ks, a town which upon the 
 
 \ birth of Sandon as the natural supply 
 
 : point ofthe mines of Carpenter Creek, on 
 
 the Slocan, was rapidly becoming deserted. 
 
 James Price, the tailor, in .■\pril erected 
 
 ; the building in which he has been doing 
 
 i business ever since. Bill Perdue and Pat 
 
 i Burns arrived about the .same time, and 
 
 i from that time on the corner on porter- 
 
 I house steaks and sweet breads was "off'." 
 
 ! This firm first opened in the Teetzel 
 
 I building, next door to the drug store of 
 
 McLi'an & Morrow, pending the erection 
 of the hanilHoine shop on .SjMikaiie stri'cl 
 in which they havi' liren doing luisims-. 
 ever since. Hilly Perdue has since left 
 the partnership. Charles W. Clnett whs 
 the pioneer assayer and had his oiliceand 
 furv.HCe r(«>ni in a shack to the rear of 
 Kellem's restauriint, which was situated 
 right at the head of .Spokane stre<'i imd 
 was the western terminus of Sour Dough 
 Alley. Prank Davey came next in the 
 asiiaying business, his domicile is now the 
 home ofthe yuecu restaurant next to 
 Jerry Spellniau's hotel. Jerry, too, is an 
 old timer, and has l)een the only tenant 
 of the Rossland hotel. Dr. Kellar was 
 the pioneer light of the medical profes- 
 sion, settling here in the latter part of 
 January. Towards the end of February, 
 he put up his house and office building 
 on the lot to the east of the recording 
 office. Dr. Bowes came soon after, anil 
 he also in the spring built the house on 
 Columbia avenue, which he occupied 
 until last fall. At this period this house 
 was the only building on the south side 
 of Columbia avenue, east of the Luckenbcl 
 block. By the first tlay of June, all the 
 buildings nientioned above as l)eing in 
 the course of erection, were occupied and 
 their owners or lessees carrying on their 
 business in them. Early in this month. 
 EberC. .Smith let a contract for the cctr- 
 struction of the Record block, and Jmi. 
 Watson had laborers and miners at work 
 tearing away the bluff' for a site for the 
 new Pacific hotel. Jno. Watson was ut 
 [ this time runninp ihe best restaurant that 
 I has ever been in Ros.sland. Thomas & 
 i Smith also erected a commodious feed 
 i and grain store on the lot which at pres- 
 I ent is the site of the Bank of British 
 \ North .\nierica. I'p to this time there 
 I had been but few residences erected. 
 There were many reasons for this, the 
 principal one for which was. the fact 
 I that lumlier for residential purposes was 
 i at this time unobtainable at any price. 
 I The lumt)er that was l)eing cut here daily 
 [ was green and wis taken from the saw as 
 soon as it was cut by eager teamsters. 
 
 For the most part, the people who had 
 so far so materially aided in the up-build- 
 ing of the new city were atxiut equally 
 divided between native Canadians and 
 Americans. As to day, there existed 
 i the utmost good feeling and friendship 
 , among them, and the one object 
 \ that everyone seemed to have was to 
 i make Rossland the premier city of the 
 ; Kootenays, and how well they succeeded 
 is easily seen in the magnificent appear- 
 ance of the Rossland of to-day. To illus- 
 trate more fully the friendship of 
 
fl~ 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 ,'i5 
 
 the Canadlana and Americana living at 
 that time in Romland and how little at- 
 tention wan paid to the customs of either 
 country, it is n well-recorded fact that 
 Postmaster Dave Stussi kept the local 
 office open on Dominion Day and closed 
 it on Fourth of July. 
 
 Though up to this time little or no im- 
 provements in the way of street grading 
 or laying sidewalks had Jieen nude, the 
 appearance of the place had vastly im- 
 proved during the first six tnontho of the 
 year 1895. Spokane street and Columbia 
 avenue were rapidly building up, and the 
 Clifton corner, as it was popularly known, 
 was fast giving the place the symmetrical 
 appearance of a well laid out city. Build- 
 ings were Jjeing painted, and the more 
 public-spirited of the citizens were laying 
 sidewalks in front of their places of bus- 
 iness. 
 
 As yet there had been no real estate 
 boom, and up to the present day it may be 
 truthfully said that Rossland has never 
 suffered from this greatest curse, which 
 at different periods in their history has 
 inflicted nearly every town in the West. 
 Business lots certainly had advanced 
 to double and treble their original 
 prices, but when transfers were made the 
 purchaser generally only paid such price 
 as in his judgment the lot was worth as a 
 building site for the erection of a busi- 
 ness block. There was little or no de- ; 
 mand at this period for residence property, ; 
 as it was a matter of great uncertainty as j 
 to the location which the residence por- ! 
 tion of the city would occupy. The nu- 
 merous cabins and shacks in the east end 
 of the city, in addition to being the ten- 
 derloin district, effectually prevented the 
 erection of homes in this neighborhood. 
 There was no change in original list prices 
 in property south of Le Roi avenue for a 
 period of nearly a year. 
 
 Commencing in July, a better class of 
 buildings than those previously erected 
 began to make their appearance. Mrs. 
 King (then Mrs. Allan) leased the lot at 
 the southwest comer of Columbia avenue 
 and Washington street from Blling John- 
 son, and immediately let a contract for a 
 $4,500 hotel. The Montana (the original 
 name of the Hotel Allan) was opened 
 with a grand ball early in August. The 
 McMillan Brothers, of Ottawa, had the 
 construction of the Butte and Windsor 
 Hotels started during this month, and 
 they were both ready for occupancy in 
 the month of September, the latter being 
 opened by Mrs. Lewis. Work was started 
 on the International Hotel, Donahue block 
 and the Ragland and Shirley buildings 
 
 on Spokane street. These buildings were 
 soon ready for occupancy, and were well 
 rented from the first. At this time, too, 
 building was going on at a rapid rate on 
 the east end of Columbia avenue. Camp- 
 bell Brothers opened a furniture store in 
 the building now occupied by the Queen 
 Saloon. Messrs. Annstrong & Mcl<aren 
 built their hotel, and the Stock Exchange 
 was put on during the same month. Dur- 
 the summer, Broderius Brothers opened 
 the general merclutndise store which they 
 afterwards sold to Enipey. W. S. Weeks, 
 of the Weeks, Kennedy Co., late in the 
 fall also opened up a small fish, fruit and 
 commission business in the stand now oc- 
 cupied by Weeks, Kennedy Co. E. A. 
 Spencer, a contractor who was here at 
 that time, buii. the Shaw Hotel, which 
 was opened during the month of October 
 by Mrs. Shaw. The Leiand Hotel opened 
 fo- business in that month, also. C. O. 
 Lrlonde opened a straight boot and shoe 
 bvtsiness in the Teetzel block, and Mar- 
 tin Brothers, having ousted D. B. Bogle, 
 the virile editor of the Kossland Miner, 
 in August, they having bought the build- 
 ing from the Nelson syndicate which 
 owned it, opened a large hardware 
 store. The Rossland Record a\so moved 
 into its new quarters in the Record block, 
 and the C. P. R. Telegraph Co. opened its 
 office in the same building. With the 
 exception of the erection of the residence 
 of John Kirkup and a few others, and 
 and the building of the Opera House by 
 Messrs. Blue, Pfeifer and Waldbeser, be- 
 hind the Hotel Allan, and the building of 
 innumerable cabins and shacks at all 
 points of the compass, the foregoing list 
 constitutes nearly all the principal build- 
 ings that were erected in Rossland during 
 the year of 1895. 
 
 A question likely to be propound \ed at 
 this period of the town's history is \<hat 
 was there to justify this amount of build- 
 ing at that time? This is easily answered. 
 Although the value of the mines had not 
 been fully proved, the magnificent ap- 
 pearance of the Le Roi, Josie, War Eagle 
 and Centre Star encouraged mining oper- 
 ations all over, and many properties were 
 under bond and working large forces of 
 men. And the showings on these prop- 
 erties were daily growing better. There 
 was a pay roll of $500,000 a year behind the 
 camp at this time to support the town, 
 and the transient travel had increased to 
 such an extent that two stage companies, 
 one operated by George Breckenridge, 
 the other by Sears & Son, were compet- 
 ing with Dad McKellar for the passenger 
 traffic from Northport. All were doing a 
 rushing business. 
 
 Mining operators were coming in from 
 all points, and among the first to come 
 during this summer and to invest their 
 money in mining properties ami real es- 
 tate of the camp were : A. W. McCune, 
 C. 8. Warren, T. E. Jefferson, D. M. Lin- 
 nard, A. E. Humphreys, K. A. Heinze, 
 John M. Burke and a dozen others. The 
 demand for goo<l mining property was 
 great, and in the earlier days of the 
 camp, the only mining broking offices 
 were the curbstone at various places, a 
 big lumber pile that stootl where the 
 Rossland Mercantile Co. is now doing 
 business, and the card rooms in the Clif- 
 ton and War Eagle Hotels. This fact in- 
 duced C. O'Brien Reddin and Merton 
 Jesseph to form a brokerage partnership 
 under the firm name of Reddin & Co. 
 Mr. Jesseph afterward retired from the 
 business, Mr. Reddin continuing. This 
 was the pioneer brokerage office in Ross- 
 land; that of C. M.Cowper-Colesand C. E. 
 Wynn Johnson was the next. 
 
 The signing of the 75,000 ton ore con- 
 tract l)etween the he Roi Company and 
 F. A. Heinze, and the selection in the 
 latter part of August of Trail as the site 
 for the new smelter had a most l)eneficial 
 effect on the future of the town. 
 The building of the smelter for the re- 
 duction of the Trail Creek ores by such 
 a practical man as Mr. Heinze, set the 
 tongues ot every mining man in the Paci- 
 fic north-west going and very soon busi- 
 ness men from all parts were looking for 
 an opening in Rossland. Again, a syndi- 
 cate of mining men who had made their 
 money in the camp was incorporated into 
 a company for the purpose of supplying 
 the new town with water and electric 
 light. This syndicate consisted of J. A. 
 Finch, Patsy Clark, W. S. Norman and 
 others. The company at once commenced 
 work, and by December had completed 
 the flume to the reservoir. The power 
 house and dynamo had been put in. On 
 third day of January, 1896, the Hotel 
 Allan was lighted by electricity. By the 
 middle of the month electric lights were 
 general throughout the city. Ground 
 was thawed and the water mains laid on 
 Spokane street and Columbia avenue. 
 The population of the town was now 
 about three thousand. This may be con- 
 sidered an outside figure. 
 
 Starting in January, 1896, the town 
 seemed to take on new life. The Columbia 
 & Western road from Trail, another of 
 Mr. Hetnze's enterprises, had been sur- 
 veyed and the actual work of construction 
 commenced. Numerous articles in east- 
 em papers by local writers had had great 
 effect in eastern Canada, and a great 
 
v coining in from 
 the first to come 
 (1 to invest their 
 •rtieH nn<l real e«- 
 
 : A. VV. McCune, 
 Tergon, D. M. Un- 
 », V. A. Heinie, 
 Bzen othem. Tlie 
 ing property was 
 Her (lays of the 
 ig brolcing officea 
 
 various place*, a 
 Htootl where the 
 ^o. in now doing 
 ■ooniB in the Clif- 
 teU, This fact in- 
 Idin and Merton 
 erage partnership 
 of Keddin & Co. 
 
 retired from the 
 continuing. This 
 tge office in Ross- 
 ler-Colesand C. B. 
 
 next. 
 
 5,000 ton ore con- 
 loi Company and 
 
 selection in the 
 ■ Trail as the site 
 1 a most l)eneficial 
 ; of the town, 
 nelter for the re- 
 reek ores by such 
 r. Heinze, set the 
 g man in the Paci- 
 li very soon busi- 
 
 were looking for 
 1. Again, a syndi- 
 10 had made their 
 I incorporated into 
 >ose of supplying 
 Iter and electric 
 :onsisted of J. A. 
 S. Norman and 
 t once commenced 
 :r had completed 
 roir. The power 
 
 been put in. On 
 1896, the Hotel 
 lectricity. By the 
 ectric lights were 
 le city. Ground 
 ,ter mains laid on 
 Columbia avenue, 
 le town was now 
 
 This may be con- 
 ■e. 
 
 f, 1896, the town 
 ife. The Columbia 
 
 Trail, another of 
 es, had been sur- 
 ork of construction 
 IS articles in east- 
 ters had had great 
 ada, and a great 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 many ryes were turned towards Rossland. I 
 A well written article read by Mr. James 
 I). Sword l)efore the Canadian Mining 
 Association, had a like effect upon rasterti 
 mining men and others who quickly l)e- 
 came interested in Rossland mines. In 
 January and February very little builil- 
 ing was done, but in March a reg- 
 ular old fashioned I'uget Sound build- j 
 ing boom struck the town, and store ; 
 and office buildings were soon going up ', 
 in all directions. F. W. Hart Imught the i 
 Opera House from Waldl)eser and I'fcifer, I 
 at the same time purchasing the two lots ! 
 on the south side of Columbia avenue at 
 the conier of Washington street opposite 
 the Hotel Allan, and at once commenced 
 the erectio'i of a large store and office 
 buih'i ij 'oon after its completion the 
 Postoffice was moved into it. This was the 
 signal for building in the eaU end of town. 
 John A. Cook, one of the original owners of 
 the townsite, built on the two lots west. 
 Mrs. Lewis undertook the construction of 
 the building now occupied by the Grand 
 Union hotel. Pat Burns also commenced 
 the construction of a block on the vacant 
 lot between the Kootenay hotel and the 
 White House building. 
 
 In April occurred the famous race be- 
 tween the two most conservative and 
 well-established banking institutions in 
 the world, to see which would first be open 
 for business in Rossland. The Bank of 
 British North America officials were on the 
 ground first, and secured a year's lease of 
 an office in the Luckenbel block, where 
 they posted a sign to the effect that the 
 bank would be open for business on Mon- 
 day, April 4. Friday night, April i, the 
 manager of the Bank of Montreal at Nel- 
 son arrived in Rossland, and had a big 
 sign printed for the Bank of Montreal, in- 
 tending to open in the oflSce of the R. J. 
 Bealey Co. in the morning. However, the 
 news of his arrival had been bruited 
 about, and in the morning the Bink of 
 British North America was doing busi- 
 ness in a barber shop. It is probably the 
 only time on record when a bank and 
 barber shop were doing business in the 
 same office — bankers shaving notes and 
 cheques at one end, while the barbers 
 were complacently shaving chins at the 
 other. The Bank of Montreal, however, 
 opened for business on Monday morning 
 in the Lemon block, at the west end of 
 Columbia avenue, which they occupied 
 until their present commodious and well 
 appointed office was constructed. 
 
 The opening of both these banks in the 
 town, in addition to filling a long-felt 
 want, gave added confidence in the town, 
 and buildings increased rapidly in the 
 
 next few months In rapid succcsHion 
 the Scott-IU-witl, Kcllar, I^ilondc and 
 Ri«li»T buildings wen- built <in llii- iKirtli 
 side of Coluniliia avi-iiue in llic- t-ust end 
 of the town. Washington strt-f I toi), wus 
 being partially opi-neil, and the Collins 
 lIouHC was fitiiKlied. Munly and Klook- 
 niann also put a large exlL-imion on to the 
 International, and opened therein a con- 
 cert and beer hall. 
 
 By sul>scription niul government aid, 
 about this time, con.sidt . . i^rading was 
 done on Columbia avenue. ic bluff" in 
 front of the post otfice was nuioved, and 
 the gulch which cut Col< -ntiia avenue in 
 twain ot the Burns' <ck was '"•lied up. 
 
 From this time , iie improvements in 
 the town were ropid. Chief. i noticcoble 
 were the building chani^e.s: Mock after 
 lilock was crecfd in th easi end of the 
 city; in fact, so rapii'ly did they spring up 
 that trom memory It is almost impossible 
 to recall the clironological order of the 
 npbuilding of the city at the east end of 
 Columbia avenue. The attention ofea.st- 
 ern Canadians to the marvellous wealth 
 of Trail Creek, which had tieen attracted 
 by Mr. Sword's and other articles, was 
 bearing fruit, an<l a score of brokers were 
 doing a lucrative business in thestdoks of 
 British Columbia companies. Money 
 came easy, and went the same way. Busi- 
 ness in all lines was brisk; especially were 
 those merchants who were dealing in 
 mining supplies successlul, as many pros- 
 pects had been snapped up by eastern in- 
 vestors, and men were being put to work 
 daily, opening them up. The main street 
 was crowded all day ami up to ten o'clock 
 at night, but it must be candidly con- 
 fessed that these crowds were for the most 
 part very orderly. Transient travel was 
 enormous, and the hotels were constantly 
 crowded with investors and mining men 
 and engineers, who had been sent here to 
 report on the camp. 
 
 In June, Eber C. Smith established the 
 Ei'enitig Record, a paper which filled the 
 local field of daily journalism for six- 
 months. It fully covered the local dis- 
 trict, and its files for that period certainly 
 are a very complete iiistory of the town, 
 camp and happenings. In July, the 
 Rossland Miner appeared in a new dress, 
 coming out as a six column, eight folio 
 paper, devoted almost entirely to the 
 mining interests of the camps of Koote- 
 nay, and the Trail Creek camp in particu- 
 lar. The Rosslandet , the third paper 
 which filled the field of local journalism, 
 by an oversight has been overlooked. It 
 came here in July, 1895. The peripatetic 
 press of the Prospector, which had pre- 
 viously done service in Kaslo, New Den- 
 
 ver and Tlirec Forks, having birii nioveil 
 here. W. \. I'ratl was the i-dilor. In 
 .April, |Si)6, he sold the plant and paper 
 li> Messrs. Jones and Norllu'V. The 
 Ro.'slaildtr eoniniaiids a liberal share ol 
 the loeal subseription and ailvertisiiin 
 patronage. David H. Itonle and .\. R. 
 Macdonald, in September established the 
 Milling Rrricii'. This paper has siiiee 
 gone the way of all llesli. It is the only 
 newspaper ever established in Rossland 
 that has been stramled on the roeks of 
 adversity. 
 
 j During this period the town was grow- 
 ing apace. The completion of the Colum- 
 bia & Western railro.ul into Rossland in 
 the latter part of June, in a measure re- 
 lieved the congested condition rf trai's- 
 portation facilities, which were hampering 
 the progress anil improvement of the 
 town. The construction of the Red 
 Mountain railway from Norlliport was 
 undertaken during this month, and the 
 fui lire camp was made brighter. Ilalf-a- 
 dozen I'iastern newspapers had speciitl 
 conespondents in the town, writing up 
 the camp and town. The telegraph com- 
 panies receipts were growing fatter daily 
 with the reports that were being sent 
 out. 
 
 In October, Mrs. King (then Mrs. Allan) 
 commenced the erection of the first brick 
 building in the city. This building was 
 completed in February. In October also, 
 through the agency of Jim Wardner, a 
 Montreal syndicate purchased 842 or the 
 remaining unsold lots of the original 
 Rossland townsite. John Ferguson Mc- 
 Crea was appointed agent for the new 
 owners, and lots were imniediately placed 
 on sale. Ross Thompson was the first 
 purchaser, buying four lots, ujwn which 
 he has built the finest residence in the 
 city. 
 
 In December the I' ossland Miner Print- 
 ing and Publishing company issued the 
 first morning daily, with the fullest Asso- 
 ciated Press rei)orts ever printed in the 
 Kootenay district. 
 
 As a daily the Rossland Afincr has been 
 issued as a six and seven colunni four folio 
 new.spaper. In addition to containing 
 the telegraphic news report as furnished 
 by the Canadian Pacific Telegraph com- 
 pany, the columns of the Miner are re- 
 plete with the mining news of the whole 
 Kootenay district. It has been remarked 
 on all sides that the Rossland Miner is a 
 newspaper that would credit many a town 
 much older and more centrally located 
 than Rossland. It is only another evi- 
 dence of the energy and determination of 
 the West. 
 
F 
 
 1. 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 III December, through all rail passen- 
 ger i\ ^ffic was established with Spokane, 
 the Red Mountaii. road having been com- 
 plete<l to Rossland. The operation of 
 this system has been a great txx>n to the 
 merchants and mine owners, as it has en- 
 abled them to land freight in bulk. The 
 road has also given increased freight facili- 
 ties for handling the output of the mines. 
 
 In winter a mining camp is never seen 
 at its best, '■'his is so for various reasons. 
 The snow obstructs building operations, 
 and except in the case of developed 
 mines, mining operations are impeded. 
 Such has been the case with Rossland, 
 though last winter much building was 
 done, the Cosmos, Creedmore, and other 
 blocks having been erected. 
 
 During last winter the town moved on- 
 wards in the even tenor of its way. There 
 are no especially noteworthy facts to be 
 recorded other than the arrival of many 
 business and mining men from other 
 camps and towns of the I'nited Stales. 
 Among these arrivals were John McKane, 
 Richard Plewman, John W. Fear, Fred. J. 
 Ferine, George M. Stunden and others. 
 
 The progress Rossland made was sub- 
 stantial and slow, l)ecoming a town that 
 has immense mineral deposits, only 
 awaiting capital to place them in the li.st 
 c)f shipping mines, in addition to dividend 
 paying mines at its back. The town sub- 
 sisted on the payroll of the mines. Stock 
 business was I'laily growing less and on arri- 
 val of spring it had practically dwindled 
 away to nil. Transient travel was light too. 
 
 Ill March the Provincial legislature 
 passed the act authorizing the incor- 
 poration of Rossland, thereby giving the 
 city a municipal or civic government. 
 Roljert Scott and C. O. Lalonde were 
 placed in nomination for the honor of 
 being first mayor of what will l)e the 
 largest mining camp in the Pacific North- 
 west. The election contest was warm 
 and exciting. The "old timers" were 
 arrayed in support of Mr. Laloude, while 
 the "Johnny-come-latelies" were enrolled 
 under the banner of Mr. vScott. The 
 election was held on April 7, and much 
 to the surprise of the "old-timers" Mr. 
 Scott was elected by over one hundred 
 votes. The following gentlemen were 
 chosen »o sit at the council board: George 
 A. Fraser, Hector McPherson, Horace 
 Raymer, J. B. Johnson, \V. A. Campbell 
 and H. S. Wallace. The new mayor and 
 aldermen were at once sworn in, and 
 actively assumed the management of the 
 city's affairs. It is a bl?s.sing that the 
 town has been incorporated, anil it is a 
 pity that it did not take place sooner. 
 Improvement followed improvement. The 
 
 historic and at the same time picturesque 
 Sour Dough alley was quite literally 
 wiped off the map. Streets have been 
 laid out where formerly there were only 
 small trails leading the pedestrian through 
 a maze of cabins and shacks. Looking at 
 the results accomplished Mr. Scott has 
 made a most excellent chief executive, 
 and the people of Rossland have no com- 
 plaint to enter against the City Council. 
 They had innumerable obstacles to con- 
 tend against when they took hold. They 
 have certainly made a most creditable 
 showing in the short time they have been 
 in charge of the city government with 
 the means at their command. As soon as 
 the city wj 1 incorporated another build- 
 ing boom struck the town, and in a short 
 space of time a great many buildings were 
 erected on the northern part of Washing- 
 ton street, on First and Second avenues. 
 This is the Rossland of today. 
 
 A glance at the condition of the city 
 today discloses the information that Ross- 
 land has a population of nearly six thou- 
 sand people. The town has resolved 
 itself down to a pay roll l>asis. The ' 
 days of the wild-catter and stock broker 
 arc over, and the population of the city are ; 
 depending upon the money earned in the ! 
 development of the mines for their support. \ 
 
 Though Rossland sprang up in a night, | 
 as it were, Rossland is no mushroom town. ' 
 It has more to support it than any other ' 
 town in Kootenay. In three years' time 
 Rossland has sprung from a place which 
 only had an existence on the map and in 
 minds of a few far-seeing (then thought 
 deluded) mining men and prospectors, to 
 a large city. With its numerous and well- 
 appointed hotels, its stores stocked with 
 all kinds of merchandi.se, its graded 
 streets, electric light and water system, 
 goo<l schools, telegraphic, telephone and 
 railway communication with all points of 
 the compass, it is settled beyond perad- 
 venture that the present Rossland is the 
 nucleus of a big city. Rossland is a very 
 orderly place, especially for a mining 
 camp, and though drinking tliere is of 
 course, the variety halls, dance houses 
 and gambling joints, common to all min- 
 ing camps in the United States find no 
 place here. They are not tolerated. 
 The British law, for which everyone has 1 
 a wholesome respect, is impartially and 
 fearlessly administered. Every line of 
 business common and necessary to a 
 large mining camp is well represented. 
 
 Though in Rossland every line ol busi- 
 ness is well represented, by this it must 
 not V>e understood that opportunities for 
 making money in the mercantile pursuits 
 are all gone. The business done in the ; 
 
 camp is constantly increasing as the mines 
 are more fully developed, consequently 
 frequently first class openings occur for 
 bright business men, who have capital at 
 their back and who are familiar with the 
 needs and likes of the inhabitants of a 
 large mining camp. People who are un- 
 familiar with the mining camps of the 
 west, as a rule have no business here, 
 though there are individual cases where 
 "tenderfeet" have done well. 
 
 No young man except a first-class miner 
 or one who has capital should come to 
 Rossland in search of employment. Both 
 in the town and at the mines the supply 
 of labor has always been in excess of the 
 demand, with the single exception of 
 machine men. First-class machine men 
 are at a premium and can always com- 
 mand work. The wages paid at the 
 mines, though not as high as in some of 
 the older Montana camps, where the ex- 
 cellent management of the different 
 unions control the labor market, are good. 
 Machine men receive $3.^0 per diem, 
 and J4.00 for shaft work. Hammersmen 
 or ordinary miners $3.00. Pump men 
 I3.00. Mine blacksmiths and carpenters 
 I4.00. Engineers $3.50 a:id |4.ao, accord- 
 to the size of plant which is l)eing 
 operated. Blacksmith helpers J3.00. Sho- 
 vellers, cannen and surface roustalwuts 
 I2.50. In the city the ruling wages are 
 about |J.50 per day for all kinds of work. 
 
 Buttes and Virginia Cities are not made 
 in a day, and no impartial observer of 
 Ros.sland, and the network of mines 
 which surround it, believes for a moment 
 that the town has nearly reached its 
 zenith. When th ' Crow's Nest Pa,ss rail- 
 way is a reality, the Trail Creek camp 
 will enter upon an era of prosperity 
 hitherto unknown. Thisroad, in addition 
 to giving the district competitive freight 
 facilities, will bring down the smelting 
 changes with a thud, and thus permit the 
 working of large bodies of low grade ores, 
 now valueless. Time is now the greatest 
 factor in Rossland's future. Rossland has 
 a .splendid future before it; the days of 
 doubt and uncertainty are past. Conserva- 
 tive observers estimate Rossland's popula- 
 tion in five years' time will amount to thirty 
 thou.saiid people. Present indications 
 seem to justify such a prediction. At no 
 time in their history did the mines, the 
 backbone of Rossland's prosperity, present 
 such a magnificent and encouraging ap- 
 pearance. New strikes on pronpects, and 
 the uncovering of richer and higher grade 
 ore in the developed mines, are daily 
 being made. Uei us all hope that the 
 many bright things that are now proplu-- 
 sied for the future wil'. Ite fulOlIed. 
 
 ■H 
 
•easing as the mines 
 ipecl, consequently 
 openings occur for 
 rho have capital at 
 e familiar with the 
 iC inhabitants of a 
 'eople who are un- 
 ling camps of the 
 no business here, 
 (ridual cases where 
 e well. 
 
 >ta first-class miner 
 :al should come to 
 ;mployment. Both 
 : mines the supply 
 fn in excess of the 
 ngle exception of 
 :lass machine men 
 I can always corn- 
 wages poid at the 
 high as in some of 
 mps, where the ex- 
 of the different 
 )r market, are good. 
 e J3.50 per diem, 
 •rk. Hammersmen 
 J3.00. Pump men 
 ths and carpenters 
 
 a;id I4.00, accord- 
 t which is l)eing 
 helpers fj.oo. Sho- 
 lurface roustalx)Ut» 
 ; ruling wages are 
 ' all kinds of work. 
 Cities are not made 
 partial observer of 
 etwork of mines 
 eves for a moment 
 learly reached its 
 (W's Nest Pass rail- 
 Trail Creek camp 
 
 era of prosperity 
 lis road, in addition 
 competitive freight 
 lown the smelting 
 nd thus permit the 
 s of low grade ores, 
 is now the greatest 
 ure. Rossland has 
 ore it; the days of 
 ire past. Conserva- 
 Rossland's popula- 
 'ill amount to thirty 
 resent indications 
 prediction. At no 
 lid the mines, the 
 prosperity, present 
 (1 encouraging ap- 
 
 1 on prospects, and 
 ;raud higher grade 
 I mines, are daily 
 all hope that the 
 It are now prophc- 
 
 he fiilfllled. 
 
 Business and Biographical Sketches. 
 
 Many Old Pioneers. Some Later Arrivals, and all Men, Firms and Cor- 
 porations of Ability and Standing. 
 
 HUNTER BROTHERS, 
 
 Importers, ^.'lolesaU and ReUil Merchants. 
 
 It may be doubted if in any other min- 
 ing camp in the whole world its settlers 
 have possessed greater advantages of civi- 
 lization than are enjoyed by the miners 
 and dwellers in the great Trail Creek 
 mining district. In the majority of 
 camps a scarcity of provisions and exor- 
 bitant prices have been the rule. Here 
 thers is an abundance of the best of eve-v- 
 thing, and at prices to compare favorably 
 with those of much older communities. 
 Among the individual merchants and 
 firms whose enterprise and businessability 
 have contributed most to bring prices to a 
 reasonable figure, there are none who 
 have done more than the subject of this 
 sketch. 
 
 The brothers, James and Robert Hunter, 
 established in business here in 1895. 
 They had previously been in business at 
 Couiee City, Washington, with a branch 
 .store at Conconnully, Wa.shington,and are 
 experienced general merchants. 
 
 Hunter Brothers' l)u.siness property, 30 
 X 200 feet, fronting on the principal 
 .street of Rossland, is, with its basements, 
 one of the largest in the city. The firm 
 has also a connnoilious warehouse on the 
 Red Mountain track, and is able to receive 
 and ship goods in quantities. 
 
 The stock carried by Hunter Brothers 
 is almost .'is diverse as are the needs of the 
 community. That it is especially full 
 and conij^ >te in all that pertains to 
 miners' supplies might be exp-jcttd; but 
 we may add that being agents for giant 
 powdei, (.oddwin candles. Canton and 
 Hlack Diamond steel, and other .specialties 
 of the miner, this firm sells both to dealers 
 and to miners al' over this and ailjoining 
 districts. The lirm is also agent for 
 McClary's stoves and rangos, manufac- 
 tured at London, Ontario. Th'.- stock 
 includes, as well, a full line of plumbers' 
 supplies and steam fittings. 
 
 Hunter Brothers have a completely 
 equipped tin and sheet metal shop, where 
 tinware, sheet ironware, and galvanized 
 iron pipe and other iiiinin-; supplies are 
 maiiMfactured both to order aii<l for the 
 slock. 
 
 The past two years have been eventful 
 ones in the liistory of Rosslami, It I-is 
 twice doubled in population, in business 
 houses and in producing enterprises, and 
 it may be .said without di.sparagement of 
 others, that this firm has contributed in a 
 marked degree to every industry and en- 
 
 terprise which has helped to make the 
 prosperity of this city and great mineral 
 district, and that the house has become 
 an acknowledged leader in its several 
 lines of trade. 
 
 James and Robert Hunter were born in 
 : Oxford county, province of Ontario. The 
 , deservedly high standing to which they 
 ^ have attained in business circles and as 
 I citizens has been gained by a course of 
 i fair and honorable dealing which has 
 i made the name of the firm a guarantee of 
 I integrity. They have, besides their main 
 I store in Ro&slan'd, a branch house at San- 
 ! don, in the Slocan country, the latter 
 • being in charge of Charles D. Hunter. 
 
 The merchant, the prospector, the 
 ! miner, the home builder, and all those 
 j wishing goods in the several lines carried 
 \ by this firm can make no ini.stake in deal- 
 ing with Hunter Brothers. The firm's 
 guarantee covers the lowest market price 
 ! of the article sold, and its quality as well. 
 
 BANK OF MONTREAL. 
 
 If, as it is claimed, the stability and 
 character of a community and its nidus- 
 tries may be best judged by the character 
 and standing of its banks, the great min- 
 ing industry of the Trail Creek district 
 may be regarded as permanent, and a 
 bright future for Rossland a certainty. 
 
 That a comparatively new mining dis- 
 trict and its trade center, scarcely more 
 than two years old, should have attracted 
 to their gates so great and conservative a 
 financial institution as the Bank of Mon- 
 treal, is no less surprising in itself ilian it 
 is an endorsement of the most favorable 
 published reports of the great mineral 
 resources of tliis section of British Colum- 
 bia. The three words. Bank of Montreal, 
 have been in Canada for eighty years a 
 synonym for honor and integrity, and in 
 the commercial and financial world have 
 commanded a confidence unsurpassed by 
 any financial institution on the continent. 
 
 The Bank of Montreal was established 
 in 1S17, and was incorporated by act of 
 parliament. It has a capital (all paid up) 
 of Ji2,oj<),fKK>.oo, a reserve fund of 
 j(16,ooo,t<oo.<)o, and 11859,698.40 of undivided 
 profits. The head office of the Hank of 
 Montreil is at the city of Montr -al, and 
 its officers and directors and managers 
 are among the most noted financiers of 
 • he continent. Thev are Rt. Hon. Lonl 
 t'.lencoc, C.C.M.C.., i'rcsiilenl; Hon. (1. .\. 
 
 Drummond, Vice-I'resi<lent; A. T. Patter- 
 son, Esq.; Hugh McKennan, Ksq ; Edward 
 B. Greenshields, Esq.; R. B. Angu.s, E.sq.; 
 W. C. McDonald, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; 
 W. W. Ogilvie, Esq.; E. .S. Clouston, 
 General Manager; A. Macnider, Chief In- 
 spector and Superintendent of Branches; 
 A. B. Buchanan, Inspector of Branch 
 Returns; W. S. Clouston, Assi.stant Inspec- 
 tor; James Aird. Secretary. 
 
 The bank has thirty-iiiiie branches in 
 Canada, one in Newfoundland, two in the 
 Unite<l States, and one in London, Eng- 
 land. Its bankers in Great Britain are 
 the Bank of Englan<l and a numlwr ot 
 others of the most stable banks of the 
 mother country. Its corre.spondents and 
 agents in the United States are the 
 greatest banks of New York, Boston, 
 Buffalo, San Francisco, and Portland, 
 Oregon. 
 
 Itis worthy of note, as showing the high 
 regard in which the president of this great 
 financial institution is held by the govern- 
 ment of Great Britain, that he was one of 
 those on whom Her Majesty l)estowed 
 Jubilee honors, changing his title from 
 Sir Donald A. Smith to Rt. Hon. Lord 
 Glencoe, G.C.M.G. 
 
 The Rossland branch of the Bank ot 
 Montreal was established in April, 1896. 
 
 BANK OF BRITISH NORTH 
 AMERICA, 
 
 H. Stikeman, Esq., Montreal, Gen. Manager. 
 
 Ros.sland, like all Canadian towns hav- 
 ing a business sufficient to justify the 
 presence of a bank, has just cause to be 
 proud of her banking facilities. The B:ink 
 of Briti.sh Nortli America, a branch of 
 which was established in Rosslnnd in 
 April, 1896, had its beginning in 1836, 
 and was incorporated bv Roval Charter in 
 1840. 
 
 The history of this great financial in- 
 stitution has for sixty years been closely 
 identified with the history of Canada and 
 the provinces, and it may truthfully be 
 .said that no single agency, other than the 
 government, has done more to promote 
 the development of the great natural re- 
 sources of the Dominion tlnn the li.nk of 
 British North America has done through 
 its head office in London, England, its 
 general manager at Montreal, and its 
 branches at Quebec: Montreal, Quetiec; 
 Ontario: Ottawa, Toronto, Kingston, 
 
( l^,.i L- 
 
 ■■■■■■■■ 
 
 K, 
 
 to 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 flattiiUon, Brantford, London; Nova Sco- 
 tia: Halifax; New Brunswick: St. John, 
 Frederickton; British Columbia: Victoria, 
 Vancouver, Rossland (Kootenay), Trail 
 (sub-agency), Sandon, Kaslo, SlocanCity; 
 Manitoba: Winnipeg, Brandon. 
 
 The Bank of British North America has 
 a paid up capital of j^'t,cxx},ooo, and a 
 reserve fund of ^'275,000. The general 
 business is conducted by a court of ten 
 directors and a general manager. The 
 court of directors held their sixty-first 
 annual meeting at the London office, on 
 March 2, 1897. The report of that meet- 
 ing was in a very large sense a happy 
 repetition of the many that have preceded 
 it, all of which justify the statement with 
 which we began this article. 
 
 The Bank of British North America's 
 London bankers are the Bank of Bngland 
 and Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co. 
 Agencies in America: New York agents — 
 Messrs. W. Lawson and J. C. Welsh, 52 
 Wall Street; San Francisco agents — 
 Messrs. H. M. J. McMichael and J. R. 
 Ambrose; 120 Sansome street. 
 
 The Rossland branch of this great bank- 
 ing institution has been a great factor, not 
 only in facilitating exchanges and afford- 
 ing other banking accommodations, but, 
 as well, in giving stability and standing 
 to the great mining industry of the dis- 
 trict, and in building a city of homes and 
 business enterprises, where, but a few 
 months before there was little but a wil- 
 derness. 
 
 Mrs. Allan's maiden name was Mc- 
 Laughlin, and her native province, 
 Ontario. She came to Rossland in 1896 
 from Nakusp, B. C., where she kept the 
 Nakusp hotel. She resided for some time 
 at Hastings, B. C, where she also kept a 
 hotel. Besides her hotel business Mrs. 
 Allan has valuable mining interests, and 
 is developing some promising mining 
 properties. 
 
 In assuming and conducting success- 
 fully so important enterprises in addition 
 to the management of her hotel, Mrs. 
 Allan has manifested a grasp of business 
 affairs both gratifying and surprising to 
 her many friends. She is a lady of edu- 
 cation and culture, of graceful manners, 
 with the ready and tender sympathies of 
 a mother, and a tact and judgment in 
 business affairs unusual in h.:r sex. 
 
 It is hardly necessarv co add, in con- 
 cluding this too brief sketch of the finest 
 hotel in this section of British Columbia, 
 tliat ladies or gentlemen desiring first- 
 class accommodation can make no mis- 
 take, by putting up at the Hotel Allan. 
 
 MARTIN BROTHERS, 
 
 Hardware Merchants. 
 
 THE HOTEL ALLAN, 
 
 Mrs. M. E. Allan, Proprietress. 
 
 The Hotel Allan is the pride of Ross- 
 land, and par excellence the best hotel of 
 the Briti.ih Columbia gold fields. It is the 
 tourists' resort, the commercial travelers' 
 choice, and a first favorite of the traveling 
 public. 
 
 The Hotel A!1an embraces two fine 
 modern buildings, one of brick. It was 
 designed and built with especial reference 
 to its fitness for a first-class hotel suited to 
 this climate. The house occupies one of 
 the best business corners in Ros.sland, and 
 is a popular place of re-sort for capitalists, 
 mining men, financiers and business men 
 of the city. The house has eighty-five 
 guest rooms, is lighted by electricity, and 
 has all modern improvements and con- 
 veniences. The halls are wide, the guest 
 rooms large and well furnished, all out- 
 side rooms, and well lighted. The office, 
 reading room, and a magnificent dining 
 room, with ample capacity for seating 
 over one hundred people, are on the 
 ground floor. The bar and card rooms 
 are the finest in the city. 
 
 The hotel was built by Mrs. M. E. 
 Allan. The property is one of the l>est, 
 Ijoth as to improvements and location, in 
 Rossland. The building has modern 
 plumbing and the most complete sanitary 
 arrangenients throughout. Mrs. Allan 
 has personal charge in conducting her 
 hotel, a.ssisted by experienced clerks, 
 steward, and efficient help in every de- 
 partment. Being herself an experienced 
 public hostess, Mrs. Allan is enabled to 
 choose her assistants wisely. 
 
 j It may be doubted if there is a mercan- 
 i tile house in Rossland better or more 
 I widely known throughout the Kootenay 
 : country than that owned and conducted 
 I by Martin Brothers. This house was es- 
 tablished in the spring of 1895, and is the 
 j largest establishment of the kind in Ross- 
 land. The business occupies the entire 
 t lower floor of the building in which it is 
 i located, and two warehouses besides. 
 i The salesroom is eligibly located at the 
 I comer of Columbia avenue and W'ashing- 
 ■ ton street, and is stocked to its full capa- 
 city with everything pertaining to a 
 I first-class hardware .stock in demand in 
 j this section. 
 
 I Of the immense stock carried by this 
 j house we have space to speak only in 
 i general terms. Everything m the line of 
 I shelf and heavy hardware is carried, in- 
 ] eluding stoves, ranges, builders' hardware, 
 I mechanics' tools, nails, mine and mill 
 ! supplies, prospectors' supplies, black- 
 j smiths' supplies, saws, belting, steel and 
 ' iron, tin and agate ware, cooking utensils, 
 I novelties, and the thousand and one 
 ' articles which go to make up the complete 
 j retail and jobbing stock of the hardware 
 1 merchant. A specialty is made of powder, 
 , fuse, candles, and all the prerequisites of 
 i the miner and prospector. 
 1 It is worthy of note that the firm sells 
 the justly celebrated Burrow, Stewart & 
 I Milne stoves and ranges, the James Stew- 
 : art Manufacturing company 's stoves and 
 I ranges, and the Copp Brothers company's 
 ; heating stoves. These are all of supenor 
 I quality, and liave given gratifying satis- 
 i faction in Rossland and elsewhere. The 
 I firm sells and puts in furnaces, and will 
 order any make ot furnace the purchaser 
 may desire. 
 
 The business also includes a manufac- 
 turing department in which tinware is 
 manufactured to order and for the stock. 
 
 and a she^t metal shop fully equipped for 
 the execution of large or small contracts 
 or jobbing, and for the manufacture of 
 galvanized iron pipes for mines, Another 
 department is devoted to plumbing and 
 gas and steam fitting. In this connection 
 it is pertinent to state that the firm carries 
 a full line of plumbers' materials and 
 supplies. Skilled workmen are employed 
 in the shops, and none but first-class work 
 is turned out. 
 
 Messrs. J. M. and W. C. Martin are 
 natives of Renfrew county, province of 
 Ontario. They served their time in a 
 mercantile house at Ottawa, and have 
 been ever since entering the mercantile 
 business for themselves as.sociated to- 
 gether, and known as Martin Brothers. 
 They were pioneers to Calgary, N. W. 
 Territory, and were for a number of years 
 t'.ie leading hardware merchants of that 
 place. I^ter they disposed of their 
 interests at Calgary and went to the coast, 
 and thence to Vernon, from which place 
 they came to Rossland two and a half 
 years ago. The firm still owns the lead- 
 ing hardware store in Vernon, and Mr. J. 
 M. Martin will be long remembered as 
 having been one of Vernon's most popular 
 mayors. On coming to Rossland the 
 Martin Brothers bought considerable real 
 estate, of which the lot on the corner of 
 Columbia avenue and Washington street 
 is a part. They at once erected the build- 
 ing they now occupy at that location, and 
 put in a complete hardware stock. They 
 are, as are nearly all of our merchants, 
 interested to some extent in mining and 
 j real estate, and it is not too much to say 
 their enterprise has had much to do with 
 the growth and prosperity of Rossland. 
 
 I O. M. FOX & CO., 
 
 I Importers and '^l^olesale and Retail Grocers. 
 
 The attractive modern retail grocery 
 store, with its thousand delicacies gathered 
 from every country and clime, has lieen 
 developed within the last quarter of a 
 century, and almost within the last 
 decade. It is still unknown in many 
 cities much larger than Ros.sland and it 
 occasions surpri.se to strangers to find one 
 or more here. 
 
 The fine modern store which forms the 
 subject of this sketch was founded in 
 November, 1896, by O. M. Fox, E. C. 
 Lockwood, and W. J. Cusack. under the 
 firm name of O. M. Fox & Co. The busi- 
 ness occupies a large and well-filled sales- 
 room, eligibly located on Columbia 
 avenue, and an outside warehouse as well. 
 The amount, variety and quality of goods 
 carried in stock, the attractive manner in 
 which they are displayed, and the careful 
 and painstaking manner in which patrons 
 are served, warrant us in saying this is 
 one of the most complete modern grocery 
 stores in the Kootenay country. While 
 this house does a very large retail busi- 
 ness, a glance at the stock reveals the 
 fact that an extensive wholesale business 
 is carried on. In this connection it is 
 appropriate to state that this branch of 
 the business embraces the whole of the 
 great mineralize<l belt tributary to Ross- 
 
iiUy equipped for 
 r sniall contracts 
 e manufacture of 
 mines. Another 
 to plumbing and 
 n this connection 
 at the firm carries 
 s' materials and 
 nen are employed 
 ut first-class work 
 
 '. C. Martin are 
 inty. province of 
 
 their time in a 
 ittawa, and have 
 g the mercantile 
 :s associated to- 
 Martin Brothers. 
 . Calgary, N. W. 
 I number of years 
 nerchants of that 
 sposed of their 
 went to the coast, 
 Tom which place 
 1 two and a half 
 ill owns the lead- 
 emon, and Mr. J. 
 g remembered as 
 ion's most popular 
 to Rossland the 
 considerable real 
 
 on the corner of 
 iVashington street 
 erected the build- 
 that location, and 
 rare .stock. They 
 jf our merchants, 
 It in mining and 
 t too much to say 
 
 much to do with 
 ty of Rossland. 
 
 md Retail Grocers. 
 
 rn retail grocery 
 elicacies gathered 
 
 clime, has l)een 
 last (juarter of a 
 
 withm the last 
 known in many 
 
 Rossland and it 
 mgers to find one 
 
 which forms the 
 
 was founded in 
 
 M. Fox, E. C. 
 
 usack. under the 
 
 & Co. The busi- 
 
 1 well-filled sales- 
 
 on Columbia 
 
 rarehouseas well. 
 
 I quality of goods 
 
 active manner in 
 
 il, and the careful 
 
 n which patrons 
 
 in saying this is 
 
 s modern grocery 
 
 country. While 
 
 large retail busi- 
 
 Block reveals the 
 
 holesale business 
 
 connection it is 
 
 t this branch of 
 
 the whole of the 
 
 ril)utary to Ro.ss- 
 
 ROSSLAND .\ND THE TP-AIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 n 
 
 land, and that a very considerable whole- 
 sale trade is done with mines and miners. 
 
 O. M. Fox & Co. are importers from 
 England and the United States, and buy- 
 ing largely in carload lots, are able to 
 quote very low prices to their retail as 
 well as to their wholesale trade. Th» line 
 of canned goods is especially full and 
 complete, comprising California and 
 Ea.stern canned fruits and vegetables. In 
 fancy groceries, teas, coffees and spices, 
 the Ijest is the rule. Flour, salt meats, 
 produce and all other staples, are handled 
 m quantities, and a complete and well- 
 selected stock of Crocker}', glassware, 
 tinware, graniteware, and other needs of 
 the camp and the home, completes one of 
 the largest stocks of the kind in Rossland. 
 
 Mr. Fox was formerly connected with 
 the Great American Importing Tea com- 
 pany, and the firm carries a full line of 
 their popular goods, and is the company's 
 sole agent for Rossland. 
 
 Wagons are run in the city and suburbs 
 for the free delivery of all goods sold, and 
 a very large local trade is done with 
 hotels, restaurants and families, and with 
 mines immediately surrounding Rossland. 
 
 The cosmopolitan character of Rossland 
 is well illustrated in the personnel of this 
 and many other of her leading business 
 firms. Mr. Fox is a German by birth, 
 Mr. Lockwood an American, and Mr. 
 Cusack an Englishman. Mr. Fox was, 
 previous to coming to Rossland, in busi- 
 ness in San Diego, California. Messrs. 
 Lockwood and Cusack were travelling for 
 a New York house, the former having his 
 headquarters at Spokane, Washington, 
 and the latter at Victoria, B. C. It is 
 interesting to note that the firm, in its 
 membership, represents three of the 
 greatest nations in the world, but it is of 
 greater interest of patrons to know that 
 both as a firm and individually, Messrs. 
 Fox, Lockwood and Cusack command 
 the entire esteem and confidence of the 
 public. 
 
 fitted throughout with modern conven- 
 iences, including electric lights, hot and 
 cold baths, electric bells, etc., etc. 
 
 Comfort of gue.sts is the first law of the 
 management of the Bellevue. Mr. Bell 
 is his own manager, and conducts his 
 hotel with a view of giving the best ac- 
 comodations to be had in the city. The 
 dining room is presided over by courteous 
 and attentive waiters, the culinary depart- 
 ment is in the hands of an experienced 
 chef, and the table is in itself a compli- 
 ment to the caterer. The bar is one of 
 the best in the city, and over it are served 
 the best drinks and fine imported cigars. 
 
 The Bellevue is conducted on Ixjth the 
 American and the European plans. A 
 free 'bus meets all incoming and depart- 
 ing trains, baggage, mail and telegrams 
 of guests receive careful attention, rooms 
 are reserved when ordered by telegraph, 
 and every courtesy and convenience ex- 
 tended to the public by first-class hotels 
 elsewhere is here observed. 
 
 W. H. Bell is a native of the Province 
 of Ontario. He was formerly in the stock 
 business at Quapalle, Northwest Ter- 
 ritory, and it was from that place he 
 came to Rossland a little over a year ago. 
 As proprietor of the Bellevue, he has one 
 of the l)est and most popular hostelries of 
 Rossland, and his house is a resort for 
 mining men, business men and com- 
 mercial travelers. It is interesting to 
 note that Mr. Bell has just built a danc- 
 ing pavilion adjoining the hotel, and it 
 will add no little to the popularity of the 
 Bellevue, as offering a place of entertain- 
 ment and recreation for guests of the 
 house and others seeking an evening's 
 amusement. 
 
 plishing it. More prospectors came in. 
 : The great Le Roi and other prospective 
 i mines showed increasingly favorable indi- 
 j cations from year to year, and in 1894, 
 ; Mr. Thompson, acting upon his own 
 j judgment, and alone, purchased the land 
 from the government where Rossland now 
 .stands, and laid out the town. Itisneed- 
 i less to add that he builded liettcr than 
 ] he knew. 
 
 Mr. Thompson showed his confidence 
 
 : by putting up the first building himself. 
 
 He sold lots on favorable terms to in- 
 
 I vestors, and in not a few instances gave 
 
 1 lots to those who would builil upon them. 
 
 j This liberality ma<le the popularity of 
 
 I Ro.ssland, which led to its doubling in 
 
 I population every few months, until it has 
 
 grown from nothing, in 1894, to being a 
 
 I city of eight thousand inhabitants, in 1897. 
 
 ; Of Mr. Thompson's personal popularity, 
 
 we may say it is only less wide than that 
 
 of the city he founded. It is said of him 
 
 that he is connected with and an officer 
 
 in more companies and enterpri.ses than 
 
 any other man in British Columbia. It is 
 
 gratifying to add that prosperity and 
 
 fortune have apparently made no change 
 
 in Mr. Thompson's manners towards his 
 
 fellow men. His old friends still call him 
 
 "Ross" as familiarly as when he handled 
 
 the pick and drill, and everyone knowing 
 
 him holds him in high esteem ibr his 
 
 many excellent qualities of head and 
 
 heart. 
 
 HOTEL BELLEVUE. 
 
 W. H. Bell, Proprietor. 
 
 Among Ros-sland's many excellent 
 hostelries, there is none more worthily j 
 popular with the traveling public than 1 
 the Hotel Bellevue. The Bellevue is ' 
 tnost conveniently located, at the comer i 
 of Washington .street and Second avenue, j 
 less than a block and a half from the Red 
 Mountain depot. The site is one of the 
 most elevated occupied by any hotel 
 building in Ro.ssland, .md commands an 
 excellent view of the camp and surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 The Bellevue was built and opened to 
 the public by W. H. Bell, the present 
 owner and proprietor, in the spring of 
 the present year. The building is a sub- 
 stantial, two story structure, containing 
 liesides the office, dining room and Imr 
 room, some thirty odd guest rooms. Mr. 
 Bell has sr' ?d no expense in furnishing 
 his hotel. : 1 every room is fitted with 
 new and aiiractive furniture and carpets. 
 There are no inside rooms, all being light 
 and airy, and commandi;igan unobstruct- 
 ed view from the windows. The house is 
 
 ROSS THOMPSON. 
 
 It is eminently fitting that this First 
 History of Rossland should give biographi- 
 cal mention of one who not only gave his 
 name to the town, but who was its founder 
 as well. Ross Thompson was a farmer's 
 boy, and was born in the county of Bruce, 
 in the province of Ontario, Canada. He 
 was taken when a child to Portage la 
 Prairie, Manitoba, where he lived until 
 his majority. Young Thompson had 
 ample opportunity to observe the condi- 
 tions necessary to the building of new 
 towns in that province. His later experi- 
 ences and observations in Montana, Itlaho, 
 Washington, and other mountain states, 
 enabled him to witness the birth and 
 rapid growth of mining towns. 
 
 We are justified in assuming it was this 
 knowledge of the necessary factors of town 
 building, supplemented by a habit of 
 close observation, no less than his faith 
 in the Trail Creek district, of which Ros.s- 
 land is now the business center, that 
 prompted Mr. Thompson to purchase a 
 tract of land from the government, and 
 lay out the town of Rossland. Be that as 
 it may, Mr. Thompson had, in 1890, after 
 spending a number of years in prospect- 
 ing, mining, and other ventures in mining 
 states and the provinces, come to the 
 Trail Creek district as a prospector. If 
 anyone had before that time thought of 
 locating a townsite in the district, he had 
 certainly taken no steps towards accom- 
 
 ROBERT SCOTT, ESQ. 
 
 Mayor of Rossland. 
 
 Robert Scott, Esq., Rosslaud's first 
 mayor, came to Rossland in .August, 1896. 
 He was born at (ialt, Ontario. He was 
 three succeeding terms mayor of his 
 native city, and, if we may rightly judge 
 from The Evening Reformer, of March 
 27th, 1897, a Gait paper, his previous ex- 
 perience in municipal affairs has been 
 such as to amply qualify him for the high 
 duties as first mayor of our magic city. 
 
 Following, we reprint the passage re- 
 ferred to in the preceding paragraph ; 
 
 "Ever since the announcement, made 
 some time ago, that ex-Mayc Rob't 
 .Scott would be a candidate for the 
 position of first Mayor of Rossland, Gait 
 citizens have taken a more lively interest 
 in Rossland matters, and have been 
 eager to obtain news concerning the 
 thriving young city of West Kootenay. 
 People here are only beginning to realize 
 the marvelous growth of Rossland, which 
 in one short year has increased in popu- 
 lation from a few hundred till at the 
 present time there are not less than 
 10,000 persons 1 ssident there, and all in- 
 dications point to a ixjpulation of at least 
 20,000 within the next twelve months. 
 What was a few months ago an unimpor- 
 tant mining camp will certainly rival 
 Butte and Johannesburg, and we would 
 not be surprised if there is a greater nish 
 to Rossland and the different Briti.sh 
 Columbia mining camps than ever took 
 place in the places mentioned. 
 
 "To be the first mayor of a city like 
 Rossland is a distinction and honor that 
 anv man might covet, and if elected be 
 
 ii / 
 
12 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CBJEEK. DISTRICT 
 
 proud of. As our readers are aware, Mr. 
 Scott, with his son J. H. Scott, is the 
 owner of the Victoria Wheel Works, one 
 of Gait's most important manufacturing 
 industries, and when he went to Rossland 
 a little less than a year ago, Mr. Scott 
 announced his intention of remainingthere 
 if what was claimed for the new mining 
 town proved correct. Such has evidently 
 been the case, as he has invested largely 
 in real estate, besides being associated 
 with others in the ownership of what are 
 claimed to be among the best mining 
 properties there. Mr. Scott's friends 
 would naturally like to see him elected 
 as Mayor — not that they have anything 
 against his opponent, Mr. Lalonde — but 
 because he has always been one of our 
 most enterprising citizens, and they also 
 point with pride to his excellent record 
 in municipal matters in Gait. In 1873 he 
 represented Ward 3 in the council, and 
 in 187s sat as councilor for Ward 2. In 
 1876 and 1877 he was Deputy-Reeve, and 
 was elected as Reeve in 1878, 1879, 
 1880 and again in 1892. He is the only 
 gentlemen who ever filled the position 
 of Mayor of Gait three years in succes- 
 sion, holding as he did this position dur- 
 ing 1885, i886 and 1887. That Mr. Scott 
 was popular with the rate payers and 
 made a good Mayor must be clear, when 
 it is taken into consideration that in 
 nearly every case he had a contest, but 
 lie is able to say he was never yet beaten 
 in a municipal contest. Gait citizens will 
 wish him still further success in his 
 election to the Mayoralty of Rossland, 
 and we make the prediction that if he is 
 elected he will fill the position with 
 credit to Ixjth himself and the City of 
 Rossland." 
 
 to a greater or less extent, interested in 
 about twenty different properties. He is 
 a stock-holder in the Colonna and man- 
 ager of its properties, stockholder in the 
 Monte Cnsto Company, and manager 
 of its properties, a stockholder in and 
 manager of the Morning Star Company, 
 a stockholder in and manager of the 
 Detroit Company, a stockholder in and 
 manager of the Erie, and is general man 
 
 immediate opportunity to handle .some of 
 the many fine properties about Ros.sland 
 and adjoining districts. After careful in- 
 vestigation of different properties, by the 
 aid of experts, and becoming sufficiently 
 acquainted in mining and financial cir- 
 cles to enable him to "set his stakes" in- 
 telligently, Mr. Finch bonded the Silver 
 Queen Mine, one of the finest properties 
 in the Cariboo Creek Camp, Slocan Divis- 
 
 ager of St. Paul properties belonging to 1 ion. West Kootenay, and, chartering The 
 Toronto people. | Silver Queen Mining Company, limited 
 
 George E. Pfunder comes of Alsatian- 1 liability, obtained for that company a title 
 German stock, and was bom on the Rhine j to the property in fee. The Silver Queen 
 in 1849. He was brought by his parents j was stocked at $1,250,000.00 with|35o,ooo 
 to America when but three years of age, i in the treasury. The mine is now de- 
 and, with the exception of being away j veloped, No. i tunnel on the Black Fox 
 at school, may be said to have grown up 1 claim liaviiig already been driven a dis- 
 and lived among mines and mining peo- ! lance of over sixty feet into the finest 
 pie all his life. He began mining while i body of silver ore which has j;et been 
 yet in his 'teens. shown in that rich district; and it is ex- 
 
 pected that The Silver Queen will before 
 very long become a very profitable pro- 
 ducer. 
 We could hardly conclude this too 
 
 GEORGE E. PFUNDER. 
 
 It is interesting as showing the favor 
 in which this section is held by old miners 
 that one may find in Rossland very many 
 of '.he best and most experienced mining 
 men on the Pacific slope. Among them 
 we note a conspicuous example in George 
 K. Pfunder. 
 
 Mr. Pfunder engaged in mining in 1867, 
 thirty years ago, in Amador county, Cali- 
 fornia.'for the late U. S. Senator, Leiand 
 Stanford. He was with Mackay & Fair 
 in the celebrated Comstock mine, at 
 Virginia City, Nevada, and made one of 
 the half dozen fortunes he has had there. 
 He came to the Northwest in the employ 
 of the late Captain Ainsworth, to take 
 cliarj<e of the Blue Bell Mine, at .-Mns- 
 worlli, British Columbia, near Nelson. 
 He has been in all the most noted mining 
 camps from Mexico to the Canadian line, 
 and sin<"e liV, when he first oame to 
 British CoUimbln, he has been engaged 
 ill mining enterprises on both sides of 
 tlie international line, he has, however, 
 since i89,<;, made Ros.sland his bu.siness 
 headquarters and placf of residence. 
 
 It was but a natural sequence that Mr. 
 Pfunder's mining experience and ability 
 as a nuinagL-r of mining properties should 
 have brought him many favorable op- 
 portunities for investment in British 
 Columbia, and we accordingly find him 
 
 EDWARD C FINCH, ESQ. 
 
 In reviewing the success of Mr. Pfun- 
 der, we are reminded of a statement of 
 one of the American consuls, viz : The 
 German excels in perseverence, patience 
 
 under the most trying circumstances, in- ' brief sketch of one of Ro.ssland's now 
 dustry and economy. These virtues en- i most popular promoters lietter than by 
 able him to accompli.^h great results in j appending the personnel of the officers 
 almost any fields of science, industry, or | and '.irectors of The Silver Queen 
 enterprist" he mav choose to enter." It , Minini; Company. They are: Presi- 
 needharil V be added that Mr. Pfunder 1 dent, Hon. George E. Foster, M. P. and 
 is one ot the busiest men in the Trail | ex-Minister of Finance ; Vice-President, 
 Creek district, and that he is an authority ; C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., Esq., Engineer and 
 on mining processes and mining pro- ex-Mining Expert for the State of Wa.sh- 
 perties. ington; General Manager, Edward C. 
 
 Finch, Esq.; Secretary-Treasurer, Leo H. 
 
 Schmidt, Esq. Directors : Hon. Thomas 
 Mavne Dalv, Q. C, ex-Minister of the 
 Interior; Edwanl C. Finch, Mining Op- 
 
 erator; Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner; 
 
 i Hon. Geo. E. Foster, M. P., Ex-Minister 
 It is noteworthy as showing the interest ! of Finance; Win. F. Hay ward. Mine 
 which attaches to newly developing min- Owner; Joseph B. Dabney, President 
 ing camps, that the rich mineralized Keystone Gold Mining Company; C. C. 
 .section of which Rossland is tlie financial i Woodhouse, Jr , Mining Engineer; Leo 
 center has attracted to Rossland .so many I H Schmidt, Capitalist; R. W. Grigor, 
 gentlemen of the professio.ns and of the I Capitalist. 
 
 press. Edward C. Finch Jjelongs to the ! We may add that while Mr. Finch is 
 latter class. He was, before coming to i connected with a number of other Ro.ss- 
 British Columbia, in 1896, a citizen of the | land enterprises, in all of which he takes 
 state of Washington, where he was con- ! more or less an active part. The Silver 
 nected with the press for ten years. Queen is his chiefe.st pet, and engages 
 
 Mr. Finch is an Ohioan by birth. He 1 his most constant attention, 
 has, however, been many years on the ' 
 
 Pacific coast, and during the thirteen 
 
 years he resided in Washington, ac- 
 quired an extensive acquaintance among 
 the leading men of that and adjoining 
 states, and attained consideralile promi- 
 nence in business and political circles. There is hardly anything more iiiteres- 
 During the legislative session of 1S95, in ting in the history of any town or city 
 Washington, Mr. Finch served as chief i than is found in the personal confidence 
 clerk of the House of Representatives, i and struggles of those whose enterprise 
 having been elected to that responsible ; and labors have contributed most to its 
 position by a unanimous vote of the re- : being and growth. .-Vinong the consid-'r- 
 publi . n and democratic ineinbers of the ' able number of prominent citizens who, 
 Houst. in tliis respect, share in the honors of the 
 
 It i,s, however, as a promoter of enter- founders of Rosslanil, none have done 
 pri.ses that we are to speak of Mr. Finch, more for, or are likely in the near future 
 It is interesting to note tliat he was a sue- to do more for the magic city than I) M. 
 cessful promoter of l)oth public and pri- j Linnard, Esq. Born in the state of 
 vate enterprises while a citizen of the , Pennsylvania, educated to busiiiessin New 
 state of Washington. In June, 1896, he ■ York, and early as-sociated with large en- 
 came to Rossland, where he found .so | terprises, Mr. I.innard was one of many 
 many of his former friends and business ! in the cast, wlm. seeing the uiiiiiistakal)le 
 associates that it was not like arriving | ivi leiices of proifress and development in 
 among strangers. The lionoral)l.? and British Columbia, came to the Province 
 p-omiiient part he had taken in enter- in 1891). 
 
 jiris;s on the other .side of the line was in j British Columbia was then the objective 
 Itself an introduction, and he was offered | point of many capitalists, and among 
 
 D. M. LINNARD, ESQ. 
 
to handle some of 
 s about Rossland 
 After careful in- 
 properties, by the 
 >ining sufficiently 
 )nd financial cir- 
 let his stakes" in- 
 bonded the Silver 
 ! finest properties 
 imp, Slocan Divts- 
 d, chartering The 
 Company, limited 
 at company a title 
 
 The Silver Queen 
 o.oo with 1350,000 
 
 mine is now de- 
 ■n the Black Fox 
 een driven a dis- 
 et into the finest 
 icli has yet been 
 ict; and it is ex- 
 Queen will before 
 :ry profitable pro- 
 
 lonclude this too 
 if Rossland's now 
 rs better than by 
 lel of the officers 
 
 Silver Queen 
 riiey are : Presi- 
 foster, M. P. and 
 : ; Vice-President, 
 isq.. Engineer and 
 lie State of Wash- 
 »ger, Edward C. 
 Treasurer, Leo H. 
 rs : Hon. Thomas 
 x-Minister of the 
 inch. Mining Op- 
 /ell. Mine Owner; 
 P., Kx-Ministcr 
 
 Hayward, Mine 
 abney, President 
 
 Company; C. C. 
 
 ie; Engineer; I<eo 
 
 R. W. Grigor, 
 
 lile Mr. Finch is 
 of other Ross- 
 )f which he takes 
 part. The Silver 
 Jet, and engages 
 ion. 
 
 RD,ESQ. 
 
 ing more interes- 
 any town or ciiy 
 ■sonal confidence 
 whose enterprise 
 uted most to its 
 nnii;' the consid'.'r- 
 nt citizens who, 
 the honors of the 
 none h.'ive done 
 1 the near future 
 : city than I) M. 
 
 in tlie state of 
 o business in New 
 ed with large en- 
 as one of nianj- 
 the unmistakable 
 il development in 
 
 to the Province 
 
 hen the objective 
 ists, and among 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 t3 
 
 those whose purchased property and re- 
 mained in the Province, D. M. Linnard is 
 conspicuous for his unbounded recogni- 
 tion of its resources and confidence in the 
 future of its towns and cities. It is an 
 interesting fact in this connection, to 
 state that there has hardly been a time 
 since Mr. Linnard made his first purchase 
 of property in Vancouver, that he has not 
 had one or more buildings in process of 
 construction in some town or city of the 
 Province. 
 
 Mr. Linnard came to Rossland in May, 
 1895, and with the ken of a practical 
 observer foreseeing its immediate future 
 bought all the desirable property his funds 
 in hand would justify. The wisdom of his 
 selection is manifested in the fact that his 
 purchase embraced nineteen business lots 
 on Columbia avenue. It is significant, 
 too, that he declined to sell at a profit of 
 one hundred per cent, on his investment 
 within thirty days after his purchase, and 
 that he has since since sold some of the 
 property at six hundred per cent, profit to 
 friends who, with all candor, advised him 
 to sell at the first opportunity. It may, 
 too, be written, as a historical fact, that 
 Mr. Linnard was the first investor in 
 Rossland property whose action in hold- 
 ing it for a good speculative profit justifi- 
 ed his confidence in the future of the 
 place. Besides the first purchase of nine- 
 teen business lots, he bought an interest 
 in the original town company, and a con- 
 trolling interest in some valuable mining 
 properties, and has since been actively, 
 and prominently identified not only with 
 the community interests, but with the 
 great mining interests of this and adjoin- 
 ing districts as welt. 
 
 Mr. Linnard chartered no less than 
 seven mining companies, in all of which 
 he retained large holdings. They are the 
 Red Mountain View Gold Mining Com- 
 pany, limited; Mineral City Townsite Com- 
 pany, limited; The Rossland Syndicate, 
 limited; Carbonate Silver Mining Com- 
 pany, limited; Gopher Gold Mining Com- 
 pany, limited; The Rossland Homestake 
 Gold Mining Company, li..iited; and the 
 R. E. Lee Gold Mining Company, lim- 
 ited. 
 
 Mr. Linnard has been successful in in- 
 teresting British capitalists in British Col- 
 umbia mines. He spent two months in 
 London last winter, and, among other 
 deals, sold a one-third interest in the 
 Gopher Gold Mining Company, limited, 
 the Rossland Homestake Gold Mining 
 Company, limited, and the R. E. Leu 
 Gold >Iining Company, limited. We un- 
 derstand that negotiations are now pend- 
 ing to unite all the interests of these three 1 
 companies into a company to be char- ! 
 tered in London, with a capital of 150,000 i 
 pounds sterling. 
 
 One of Mr. Linnard's most important 1 
 enterprises is The Rossland Syndicate, a ; 
 close corporation of which W. G. Johnson, 
 a retired English manufacturer, now resi- ' 
 dent of Rossland, is president, and Mr. 
 Linnard, manager. The Syndicate has a 
 very liberal charter, and the scope of its ■ 
 business is quite as comprehensive. It 
 loans money, buys, sells and improves '< 
 town and city property, bonds, develops 
 buys and sells mines, and organizes cor- 
 porate enterprises. The Syndicafi; owns 
 valuable eity property in Ros.sland and 
 
 Kaslo. Among improvements now being 
 made upon its property, it is building a 
 large hotel at Kaslo. 
 
 Conspicuous as he is as one of Rossland's 
 most trusted and energetic promoters of 
 large enterprises, Mr. Linnard is more 
 honored as one of its thoroughly respected 
 and esteemed citizens. 
 
 HON. JOHN A. MANLY. 
 
 of the early pioneers to the great 
 mineral belt of which Rossland and 
 Grand Forks are two of the principal 
 centers of trade and enterprise, Hon. 
 John A. Manly is one of the most widely 
 known and (listinguished. Bom in the 
 state of Ohio among the most enterpris- 
 ing people on the continent, and edu- 
 cated to the profession of a civil engi- 
 neer at Ann Arbor, Michigan, young 
 Manly received both by precept and edu- 
 cation such incentives to exertion and en- 
 terprise as seldom fail to manifest them- 
 selves in the career of their recipients. 
 At the age of twenty-one years, young 
 Manly had become prominent in his pro- 
 fession, and at twenty-two, he, as Civil 
 Engineer-in-Chief, built the Chicago & 
 West Michigan Railway. From railroad 
 building he engaged in the lumber busi- 
 ness and manufacturing in Michigan, and 
 subsequently organized a publishing com- 
 pany at Chicago, of which he was for a 
 number of years the president. 
 
 It is more especially, however, of Mr. 
 Manly's British Columbia life and enter- 
 prises that we designed to speak. At the 
 beginning of this we are reminded of an 
 oft' repeated statement of his, viz: "No 
 good country can be so remote and inac- 
 cessible from civilization that it can for a 
 long time remain so in this age of enter- 
 prise." We are inclined to the opinion 
 that the education, observation and ex- 
 perience which gave that thought to John 
 A. Manly prompted him also to look for 
 such an unoccupied country, and looking 
 to the Northwest, he saw it in his mind's 
 eye in British Columbia. His coming 
 over rough and seldom used trails to the 
 Kettle River and Kootenay country 
 eleven years ago was the natural sequence 
 of a thought over which the reader of 
 these lines will do well to ponder. The 
 writer having had the pleasure of meet- 
 ing Mr. Menly at intervals of a few years 
 during the last decade, remembers well 
 how, at one of California's palatial hotels, 
 Mr. Manly tried to impress his fellow 
 guests with the great future in store for 
 this section. He remembers, too, that 
 while all admired the colored photo- 
 graphs of Mr. Manly's Kettle River 
 ranch and his beautiful Holstein cattle, 
 that they gave an unwilling ear to Mr. 
 Manly's statements of the great mineral 
 resources of this section. All can now 
 see that had he been absolutely sure of 
 his predictions, Mr. Manly could hardly 
 have laid his plans more wisely. 
 
 The first neces-sity of all enterprises is 
 food ; to provide that for the coming rush 
 of prospectors, miners and others whom 
 he saw in the distance, Mr. Manly began 
 ten years ago to stock his 4,000 acre ranch 
 
 with cattle. The result was that when 
 the rush finally came it found him pre- 
 pared ti feed it, and he did furnish much 
 of the beef that was eaten in the district 
 for three years from his own ranch. But 
 he had builded even better than he knew ; 
 for having selected his Kettle river prop- 
 erty solely with reference to its desira- 
 bility as a farm and ranch, he has been 
 greatly suprised to find upon it and in the 
 mountains surrounding it, some of the 
 richest mineral veins in British Columbia. 
 The result has been that a new mining 
 section has sprun'j into existence and the 
 town of Grand Porks has sprung up on 
 his Kettle river ranch, which, at less than 
 twelve months of age, numbers 1,000 
 souls. Naturally and very fortunately for 
 the town, Mr. Manly was made the first 
 Mayor of Grand Forks. We say fortu- 
 nately for the town, for we chance to know 
 that his study and close observation of 
 municipal affairs have given Mayor Manly 
 advanced ideas on the duties and prerog- 
 atives of public officials, as well as of the 
 people's rights to public utilities. We 
 feel safe in venturing the assertion that 
 free franchise hunters will find little op- 
 portunity to fatten on any town where 
 John A. Manly has a voice in its munici- 
 pal affairs. 
 
 Mayor Manly has not, however, con- 
 fined his enterprises to the Kettle River 
 country. He built and still owns the 
 International Hotel at Ros.sland, and is 
 the owner of much other valuable prop- 
 erty here. He has mining property ga- 
 lore, and is a recognized prophet of pros- 
 perity. Perhaps, after all, the most in- 
 teresting and satisfying thing we can say 
 of Mayor Manly is that, being a man of 
 wide experience, observation and infor- 
 mation, his fortune has not made a fool 
 of him, and that he is as approachable 
 as the humblest ranch hand or other em- 
 ployee in any of his varied and many en- 
 terprises. 
 
 C C WOODHOUSE, Jr. 
 
 There is no calling or profession in life 
 wherein a reliable man is needed more 
 than in the profession of mining engi- 
 neer. Upon his judgment and integrity 
 large investments of capital are made 
 and great undertakings begun. He may 
 be a theoretical man without practical ex- 
 perience; in that case he will fail to ac- 
 complish good work, on account of the 
 blunders he will make owing to his lack 
 of experience. He may be a practical 
 man with little theoretical knowledge; 
 in this case he works to a disadvantage, 
 by not understanding the fundamental 
 principles of the profession. Therefore, 
 in order to attain the highest degree of 
 accomplishment in the profession of min- 
 ing engineering the subject must begin 
 young in school, and get a good ed- 
 ucation; then, upon this ■;eneral knowl- 
 edge for a foundation, he must take 
 up the special branches of sciehce which 
 will especially qualify him for the 
 profession, namely: a.ssaying, chemis- 
 try, mineralogy, geology, surveying, 
 mechanics and bookkeeping. This be- 
 ing accomplished at tne age of, say 
 twenty-one, he is now ready to begin 
 
f4 
 
 ROSSLAND AND TliE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 I 
 
 gaining practical experience, and of the 
 latter he wants plenty. Ten years more 
 practical work in the assay office, smelt- 
 ers, mills, mines and field will suffice to 
 endow him with sufficient knowledge 
 and experience to be rated as a good niin-. 
 ing engineer. He can continue to study, 
 practice and improve by experience, un- 
 til his sun of life approaches the western 
 horizon, when younger men willingly 
 shoulder his burdens. There must ever 
 be present the qualification of honesty in 
 the mining engineer ; one who would 
 inisrepre.<;ent facts or sell out is like unto 
 the pilot who will ruthlessly lead the 
 ship on the shoals for the sake of plun- 
 der. 
 
 C. C. Woodhousp Jr., mining engi- 
 neer, at Rossland, has been over the 
 road outlined in the al)ove remarks. He, 
 with Fred M. Wells, an explorer of some 
 repute, is working out a five years' min- 
 ing partnership contract, with Mr. H. R. 
 Forster, a wealthy Canadian gentleman. 
 Together they constitute The Kamloops 
 Mining and Dsvelopment Company, lim- 
 ited liability, of Rossland. After two 
 years' work, the Company is able to pay 
 500 per cent, on the original capital in- 
 vested. 
 
 Mr. Woodhouse's father was one of the 
 pioneer mining camp merchants in the 
 western United States, and young Wood- 
 liouse was born and reared in a mining 
 country. He was educated for his pro- 
 fession at Knox College, Illinois. Since 
 leaving school, he has seen over fifteen 
 practical years' service in the mines, 
 mills, smelters, field and assay offices in 
 the western United States and two years' 
 in British Columbia. He conducts a first- 
 class mining and assay office in Ross- 
 land, with a good office staff, and re- 
 ports on properties throughout British 
 Columbia. His reports are conservative 
 and reliable, and large sums of money 
 have b:;en invested upon them. His past 
 record is his future recommendation to 
 the public. 
 
 of them are in the Kootenays, among 
 which are some fine properties. 
 
 The Company's Canadian office is lo- 
 cated a^ Rossland, in its own building, 
 which is one of the best on First avenue. 
 The office is tastefully fitted, with many 
 of the modern conveniences, and is one 
 of the neatest and roomiest in Rossland. 
 This office and the Canadian business are 
 in charge of W. H. Corbould, as general 
 manager and A. B. Irwin, as local secre- 
 tary. Both are too well known in British 
 Columbia mining circles to need intro- 
 duction or encomium, but it may be ad- 
 ded that Mr. Corlrauld is a London, Eng- 
 land, man, v/hose experiences as a mining 
 engineer and manager of mining proper- 
 ties have been many and valuable. Mr 
 IrWin is an American, who, having been 
 one of the pioneers of the Trail Creek 
 district, is one among the best informed 
 men in the district on Kootenay proper- 
 ties. 
 
 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC 
 EXPLORATION, Limited. 
 
 There is hartlly better evidence of the 
 esteem iu which British Columbia mining 
 properties are held in England by conser- 
 vative investors, than may be found in 
 the personnel of The Canadian Pacific Ex- 
 ploration, Limited. The governing board 
 IS composed of Lord Powerscourt, chair- 
 man ; .\ Joshua, E<q., London ; Dr. J. H. 
 Trouucir, London ; T. Kdwanles, Esq., 
 London ; H. McLean, M. P. for Cardiff; 
 (». H. Haywood, Esq., London; B. Rev, 
 Es<|., Paris, Fiance, and H. B. Cheslyn 
 Callow, Secretary. 
 
 The head office of The Canadian Pacific 
 Exploration, Liniite<l, is at K8 Cannon 
 street. Lorjdon, Eng. The company was 
 chartered in London, with acapitalof five 
 hundred thousand pounds, for the pur- 
 poses 6f exploration, location, purchase, 
 sale, development and working of niining 
 properties in Canada. Of something more 
 than twenty properties, now owned or 
 under the control of the company, most 
 
 ALEXANDER LYNCH. 
 
 Aside and apart from the -actual and 
 increa.sing output of the mines of the 
 Trail Creek district, and especially of 
 those immediately adjacent to Rossland, 
 there could hardly be a better promise of 
 the continued prosperity of the district 
 and the future of Rossland than is found 
 in the fact that so great a number of old 
 ; and experienced mining men are engaged 
 : in mining and in business in the district. 
 ] Among those in business in Rossland, 
 i few, if indeed any, have had more ex- 
 tended experience and observation in, 
 : and of the many mining sections of the 
 I West than Alex. Lynch. Abbreviated 
 names are the rule among mining men, 
 hence, although having headed this 
 article with Mr. Lynch's full name his 
 I many old-time friends will better recog- 
 nize him as Alex. Lynch. 
 
 Mr. Lynch was born in Montreal, and 
 left that Province for the gold (ields of 
 California in 1855. He has since spent 
 more than forty years among miningmen 
 ; and in mining camps. He was one of the 
 , six discoverer? of the celebrated Stunkeen 
 I mines, in 1862 ; he was in the Boise basin 
 I in 1863 ; he was at Wild Horse Creek in 
 ! 1864 ; and in 1866 with the rush to the 
 Big Bend of the Columbia river. He 
 ; went to Eureka, Nevada, in 187 1 and was 
 ] there in the palmiest days of that phe- 
 nomenal camp. He returned to the north 
 as far as Baker City, Oregon, in 1875, and 
 becoming interested there, secured some 
 valuable mining property, a part of which 
 he still retains. His next venture was at 
 Silver City Idaho, in 1878. 
 
 The railway building boom, then at its 
 ; zenith, needed experienced men as fore- 
 men and contractors. Many men were 
 ' attracted from the mining camps, and 
 Mr. I^ynch was among the number. He 
 secured valuable contracts from both the 
 Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific 
 railway companies, and establishing his 
 head(|uarters at Spokane, in 1880, became 
 a railway builder, and made that city his 
 home until he came to the Trail Creek 
 district, 1893, anil established a general 
 I store at Trail. 
 
 It is worthy of note that Mr. Lynch 
 furnished the supplies to the townsite 
 company for its surveyors and for the 
 erection of the Clifton" Hotel, and that 
 the firm of Lynch & Stewart opened the 
 second or third store of Rossland in that 
 part of the Clifton House now occupied 
 by the dining room. 
 
 Mr. Lynch is at present, and has been 
 since 1895, associated with Thomas Wilson 
 in the general merchandise business, 
 under the finn name of Thos. Wilson & 
 Co., Mr. Lynch having the management 
 of the business. Of the many personal 
 interests and individuals that contributed 
 to making a city of Rossland, tliere seem 
 to have been few conflicting ones, and it 
 is alike creditable to all of the old pio- 
 neers that they, all and each, have a good 
 word to say of each other. We may, 
 however, without reflection on any one, 
 say that none among them all stand 
 higher in the esteem of their old time 
 friends and of the public than this old 
 pioneer miner, railway contractor and 
 merchant, Alex. Lynch. 
 
 P. BURNS. 
 
 It may be safely stated that there is 
 not another name in the mining sections 
 of British Columbia that is so frequently 
 mentioned as that of P. Burns, the cattle, 
 king of the Kootenays. The reason is 
 found in the fact that Mr. Burns feeds the 
 people. It is also asserted with every ap- 
 pearance of truth, that the miners of 
 British Columbia are, as a class, the best 
 fed laborers in the world. One of the 
 prime reasons may be found in the fact 
 of there being such a splendid stock 
 country in British Columbia and Alberta, 
 and the facility with which, under a sin- 
 gle management, the best beeves, .mut- 
 ton and hogs are furnished to the butch- 
 ers. 
 
 It is cause for hardly less surprise at 
 the fact than recognition of his execu- 
 tive abilities, that Mr. Burns furnishes 
 fresh beef, mutton antl pork at wholesale 
 to all the retail butchers in Rossland, 
 Trail, Nelson, Ainsworth, Quartz Creek, 
 Salmo, Three Forks, New Denver, Silver- 
 ton, Ymir and Slocan City. Me brings 
 butchering stock largely direct from his 
 own ranch, near Calgary, Alberta to his 
 slaughterhouses. To do so, he is neoe.s- 
 sarily continually buying. In many in- 
 stances he buys a ranch and bran<l out- 
 right. 
 
 Patrick Burns was lx)rn in Kirkfield, 
 Ontario. His business career in British 
 Columbia, while having been so largely 
 in fnrnishing supplies to the niining 
 towns and camps of the Kootenays, is no 
 less marked by his having bought prop- 
 erty in all the to'-.ns named, and his hav- 
 ing erected buiMings in most of them. 
 i Among those owned by him in Rossland, 
 I is the Burns block, which he built in 1896, 
 I anil is one of the finest blocks in the 
 I city. 
 
 I Mr. Burns' large and successful business 
 ' is one of the many evidences in Rossland 
 I that gold may be legitimately gathered 
 
t Mr. Lynch 
 the townsite 
 and for the 
 el, and that 
 t opened the 
 land in that 
 ow occupieil 
 
 lid has been 
 lomasWilson 
 % business, 
 >s. Wilson & 
 management 
 any personal 
 t contributed 
 I, there seem 
 
 ones, and it 
 the old pio- 
 1, have a good 
 r. We may, 
 
 on any one, 
 em all stand 
 heir old time 
 han this old 
 mtractor and 
 
 that there is 
 ning sections 
 so frequently 
 ■ns, the cattle- 
 ["he reason is 
 urns feeds the 
 vith every ap- 
 le miners of 
 :la8S, the best 
 One of the 
 1 in the fact 
 ilendid stock 
 and Alberta, 
 , under a sin- 
 beeves, iiuit- 
 to the butch- 
 
 ss surprise at 
 of his execu- 
 rns furnishes 
 at wholesale 
 in Rossland, 
 Juart/. Creek, 
 nver, Silver- 
 He brings 
 rect from his 
 Ib^rta, to his 
 lie is iieoes- 
 In many in- 
 d brand out- 
 
 in Kirkfield, 
 er in British 
 Ml so largely 
 
 the mining 
 otenays, is no 
 bought prop- 
 
 and his hav- 
 lost of them. 
 
 in Rossland, 
 ; built in 1896, 
 ilocks in the 
 
 !ssful business 
 s ill Rossland 
 tely gath?re<l 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 15 
 
 here by many who do not dig for it. We 
 may add, however, that Mr. Bums is, 
 like almost all business men in a mining 
 section, to some extent interested in min- 
 ing properties; but that such holdings are 
 more or less incidental to his more im- 
 portant business enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Burns first came to the Kootenays 
 in 1892. His first business venture was 
 at Nelson in that year. By 1895, his 
 trade had extended to the Trail Creek 
 district, and he established a branch at 
 Rossland. His trade has since, as before 
 stated, extended to every camp in the 
 Kootenays. 
 
 P. Burns is still in the very prime of a 
 young, vigorous manhood. If we may 
 judge rightly from his genial, happy 
 smile and manner, his numerous business 
 cares sit very lightly upon him. He has 
 beyond question served himself while 
 serving the people ; but it is the univer- 
 sal expression that he has served the peo- 
 ple well, and no man in the Kootenays 
 stands higher for integrity ol purpose and 
 character than Patrick Burns. 
 
 state of Wa.sliingtoii, and for occupation 
 has turned his band to whatever it found 
 to do, having lieen a fanner, in business, 
 a railway train hand, a prospector and a 
 miner. While making no pretense of be- 
 ing an expert, it may be said of Mr. Cole 
 tliat he is one of Rosslaiid's practical 
 mining men who have succeeded without 
 expert knowledge. It may be added, 
 also, that he stands deservedly well in 
 mining and business circles. 
 
 JOHN Y.COLE. 
 
 The noteworthy individual successes 
 in the Trail Creek district seem, in many 
 instances, to have been due quite as much 
 to personal tact and ability as to excep- 
 tional opportunities. As an instance in 
 point we cite Mr. John Y. Cole, a young 
 man, who, coining to British Columbia in 
 1892 as an employee of the S. F. & N. Ry 
 Co., and without previous experience in 
 a mining camp, left that company to en- 
 gage in prospecting and mining. His 
 first work in the camp was employment 
 as a hand in the I. X. h. mine, and so 
 rapid was his advancement that he was 
 within two month!, after h.'ginitig work 
 given entire charge as foreman of the 
 mine. 
 
 But if Mr. Cole was tactful and com- 
 petent, he was also fortunate, for within 
 a month after his arrival in the camp, he, 
 on one of his limited prospecting trips, 
 located the now celebrated O. K. mine. 
 After incorporating a company tor the (). 
 K. property, he sold out his entire inter- 
 est in the property, in 1895. Mr. Cole 
 was fortunate also in his purchase of the 
 property known as the White Bear Mine, 
 of which he is the general manager an<l 
 principal owner. 
 
 The White Hear Mine adjoins the I,e 
 Roi, and is one of Ro.s.sland's most valua- 
 ble properties. Its machinery equipMient 
 is among the best in the district, and its 
 ore exceptionally good. The develop- 
 ment work done includes a lyo-foot ver- 
 tical shaft and a drift of 1,^0 feet on the 
 100-foot level. The principal vein is from 
 ten to twelve feet across, and runs JtiS.oo 
 to the ton in gold and two to three per 
 cent, in copper. The White Bear Com- 
 pany has an incorporated, paid-up capital 
 of J2,ooo,ooo.oo, with ^500,000.00 in the 
 treasury. 
 
 John Y. Cole was born in Oneida 
 county. New York, but has been ir.my 
 years in the West. He was educated in 
 tiie public .schools of the Dakotas and the 
 
 LOUIS BLUE. 
 
 Lumbtt Producer and Dealer. 
 
 Louis Blue is one ol Rossland's most 
 prominent and enterprising business men. 
 He was one of the early comers to the 
 camp, an<l has been, perhaps, more 
 closely identified with the building of 
 Rossland than any other one man — the 
 founder of the town not excepted. He 
 built his saw mill, which is situated at 
 the foot of the north slope of Red Moun- 
 tain, on Stony Creek, before the townsite 
 of Rossland was platted, and was, until 
 ' comparatively recently, the only lumber 
 dealer in the Trail Creek district. 
 
 Besides his saw mill and lumber yards 
 on Stony Creek, Mr. Blue is the owner of 
 sawmill.s at Ytuir and at Greenwood City, 
 i Boundary Creek. He is a producer of 
 ' native lumber, in larger quantities than 
 i any other man in the Trail Creek dis- 
 trict. He can, therefore, successfully 
 ' meet all competitors, both as to quality 
 I and as to prices. He supplies the bulk 
 of lumber consumed in the Trail Creek, 
 ' Ymir and Boundary districts, anil ships, 
 besides, to other districts throughout the 
 ! Kootenay country. His mill at Stony 
 I Creek, being less than two miles from 
 ' the Red Mountain Rv. tracks, at Ros.s- 
 land, and his mill and yards at Ymir be- 
 ing practically on the railroad, he pos- 
 .sesses superior advantages for receiving 
 and forwarding. 
 
 Mr. Blue recently built and equipped, 
 near his sawmill, on Stony Creek, Ross- 
 land's first steam laundry, known :is the 
 Queen Steam Laundry. The 'aundry 
 business is owned and condiicte<l by the 
 (inn of Blue & Hirsh. This is an enter- 
 prise of which Rossland has long felt tlie 
 need, and the ready response to the 
 .solicitation of the management for pat- 
 ronage is at once an evidence of the ap- 
 preciation of Rosslanders for a thorough- 
 ly modern laundry, anil an assurance of 
 the success of the enterprise. 
 
 .\iiotlier of Rossland's new industries, 
 in which Mr. Blue is largely concerned, 
 is the Lion Brewery, which has just been 
 completed and put into operation. Mr. 
 Blue is president of the Lion Brewing 
 Company, and the iiest fortune we can 
 wish this great concern is that it may 
 enjoy the same unbroken success that 
 lias atteiuled the many other enterprises 
 with which his name is so prominently 
 connected. 
 
 Louis Blue was born a countryman of 
 
 the patriot Kossuth ; but, while yet a 
 
 ; boy, was brought by his parents from 
 
 ■ Hungary to the riiitJd States. He grew 
 
 to manhood in the state of New York, 
 and engaged in merchandising in the 
 great metropolis. Kleven years ago he 
 came west, and made his home in Spo- 
 kane, Washington. Three years later he 
 founded the town of Kettle Falls, one of 
 the prosperous little towns of northeast- 
 ern Washington, situated at the con- 
 Huence of the Colville and the Columbia. 
 He was one of the first alderman of 
 Kettle Falls, and a portion of the town is 
 now known, in honor to its founder, as 
 Blue Town. 
 
 Mr. Blue has been eight years in the 
 lumber busines.-i. Like nearly all of 
 our prominent citizens, he is interested to 
 some extent in mining and other enter- 
 prises, but only as matters of secondary 
 co.isideration. He prefers to be known, 
 as he is called throughout tlie Kootenays, 
 "Blue, the lumber man." 
 
 CHARLES. O. LALONDE 
 
 Among the prominent merchants who 
 have purclia.sed real estate in Rossland, 
 none have taken a more active part in 
 promoting the growth of the town and in 
 the interests ol .schools and public util- 
 ities than Charles O. Lalonde, the im- 
 porter and <lealer in boots, shoes, trunks, 
 rubber goods, etc. 
 
 Mr. Lalonde came to Rossland in 1895, 
 and established the pioneer Ixxit aiul 
 shoe store of the place. Boots and shoes 
 were then sold by all general merchants, 
 hence, in spite of Mr. Lalonde's very 
 complete stock, he found at first slow sale 
 for his goods. This fact, added to his 
 faith in the future of Rossland, led him to 
 purchase business property and engage in 
 building, the result of which has been 
 ino.st gratifying. One of the largest and 
 finest business blocks in the city is known 
 as the Lalonde & Rodier Block. 
 
 Mr. Lalonde's outsi<le ventures did not 
 however, take his attention entirely from 
 merchandising, and it is gratifyviig to note 
 that liis boot and shoe i)usiness, having 
 constantly increased wi;h the business of 
 the town and the increase of population, 
 is now the one of the largest of the kind 
 in this part of British Columbia. 
 
 Charles O. Lalomle was born in Vaud- 
 reuii. Province of Qiubec, Canada. He 
 left his native Province in 1875, and set- 
 tling at Port Arthur, Ontario, became a 
 clerk in a mercantile house, from which 
 position he engaged in business for him- 
 self. He became a leading citizen as well 
 as prominent merchant of Port Arthur, 
 and besides holding other positions of 
 trust, was three times a member of the 
 Port Arthur City Council. 
 
 There are many former residents of 
 Port Arthur in Ros.sland. It was but nat- 
 ural they should have favored Mr. La- 
 londe for office in the municipal govern- 
 ment in Ro.ssland. Their wislies, together 
 with the earnest, solicitation of many 
 other friends, leil Mr. Lalonde to accej)! 
 a place on the city .school lx>ard, a posi- 
 tion for which he is especially well quali- 
 fied, end to allow his name to be rut 
 forward as a candidate for the position of 
 Rossland's first mayor. 
 
i6 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CSSEXi DISTRICT 
 
 It is, we think, penniMible to say that 
 the high personal esteem in which Mr. 
 Lalonde is held by so many of the best 
 people of Rossland ought to be ample 
 compensation for his defeat for the may- 
 oralty. We may add that Mr. Lalonde's 
 business and property interests are such 
 in Rossland that he could hardly feel less 
 desirous ot seeing a wise municipal gov- 
 ernment of the city and its permanent 
 prosperity, in his private capacity as a 
 property owner and citizen, than he 
 could have desired as mayor. 
 
 WM, McQueen, b. a. 
 
 City Clerk and Treasurer of Rovland. 
 
 Wni. McQueen, Rossland's first City 
 Clerk, was a farmer's boy, and was torn 
 in the county of Huron, Province of On- 
 tario, in 1862. Inheriting a taste for 
 study, common to his Scotch ancestry, 
 the farmer boy became a school teacher 
 at the age of eighteen, and later com- 
 pleted his education at the University of 
 Toronto, at Toronto, Ontari' After fin- 
 ishing his university course, young Mc- 
 Queen again took up his work as teacher, 
 which he followed as a profession up to 
 the time of his resigning his position in 
 the Park Hill, Ontario, High School, with 
 a view of coming to Rossland, B. C. 
 
 Mr. McQueen arrived in Rossland in 
 February of the present year, and al- 
 though a comparative stranger, was hon- 
 ored by the appointment to his present 
 position of trust and responsibility, 
 .scarcely three months following the date 
 of his arrival. 
 
 THE QUEEN RESTAURANT. 
 
 George W. Myers, Proprietor. 
 
 It has been our purpo.se in preparing 
 the business sketches for the First His- 
 tory of Rossland to give those which are 
 representative in their lines. In the sub- 
 ject of ihis sketch, the public will recog- 
 nize a leader. 
 
 "The Queen" was established in July, 
 1896, and was purchased by Mr. G. W. 
 Myers, the present owner, in September, 
 1896. It may truthfully be said that it is 
 the peer of any restaurant in Rossland. 
 The culinary department is presided over 
 by a skilled chef, and the tables are 
 bountifully supplied with the best the 
 market affords of everything. A spec- 
 ialty is made of short orders, and in this 
 line "The Queen" stands alone in its ex- 
 cellence. "The Queen" is furnished to 
 seat twenty people at one sitting. There 
 are private booths for those desiring 
 them, and the service is all that can be 
 desired. 
 
 G.W. Myers, proprietor of "The Queen, ' ' 
 was born in Maryland. He has, however, 
 been on the Pacific coast for a number of 
 years, and was, immediately before com- 
 ing to Rossland, a successful merchant at 
 Kvcrett, Washington. 
 
 By the character of the patrons he at- 
 tracts, no less than by his success in con- 
 ducting "The Queen," Mr. Myers has 
 shown himself well qualified as a caterer 
 to the public palate, and, as well, a relia- 
 ble and successful business man. The 
 reader can make no mistake in patroniz- 
 ing "The Queen," especially for short 
 orders. 
 
 THE CENTRAL HOTEL. 
 
 Jackson & Almttrom, Proprietors. 
 
 It is an interesting fact that Rossland's 
 best buildings have been built and are 
 owned by former prospectors and miners. 
 Among the hotel business this is conspic- 
 uously so, the last prominent instance 
 being in the building and furnishing of 
 the Central Hotel, completed in May, and 
 now just opened to the public. 
 
 The Central is not one of Rossland's 
 largest hotels, but it is a little gem with 
 40 guest rooms and all modern improve- 
 ments, including furnace heating, electric 
 lights, electric call and return call bells, 
 baths, rooms single and en-suite, and 
 every comfort and convenience of the 
 modern first-class hotel. The furniture 
 is all new, the parlor, dining room, office 
 and many of the guest rooms command 
 one of the most attractive views in the 
 city. 
 
 The Central is a fine, modern three- 
 story structure, with a wide veranda, ex- 
 tending completely around two sides of 
 the building. The location, only one 
 block from the business portion of the 
 city, but far enough to avoid the noise, is 
 all that could tie desired, and, as the 
 building fronts on two streets, practically 
 all the guests rooms are outside rooms. 
 The offices, writing room, dining room 
 and bar are all on the ground floor. The 
 parlors are on the second floor, and, like 
 the forty guest rooms, are all that could 
 be desired in size, sunlight, ventilation 
 and furnishings. 1 he house has scientific 
 sanitary plumbing throughout, and con- 
 veniently located baths with hot and cold 
 water. In short, the Central Hotel is 
 strictly first-class. It is conducted on 
 both 'he American and European plans, 
 and guests are provided with every con- 
 venience and luxury obtainable in any 
 mining town in British Columbia or else- 
 where. 
 
 The Central was built, and is owned 
 and conducted by August Jackson and J. 
 E. Almstrom. Mr. Jackson is an old 
 prospector and miner, who, coming to 
 Trail Creek in 1891, engaged in prospect- 
 ing and mining, and was here at the lay- 
 ing out of the town in 1894. He is well- 
 known in mining and business circles, 
 and has contributed in no small degree 
 to the building of Rossland. Mr. Alm- 
 strom, who came more recently to Ross- 
 land, from St. Paul, Minn., isan old hotel 
 man, and, as such, is very well known to 
 the traveli g public. 
 
 Messrs. Jackson and Almstrom built 
 and own the Central Hotel in co-partner- 
 ship, and will conduct it in like manner. 
 i Their bus meets all arriving and depart- 
 I ing trains, and every courtesy and atten- 
 
 tion will bs shown to guests in the care 
 of their baggage and in every other posi- 
 sible manner. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL 
 
 "Whoe'er haa traveled life's dnll round. 
 Where'er hi* atages may have bf en, 
 
 May sigh to think he atill haa Tound 
 The warmeat welcome at an inn." 
 
 The International Hotel is only less 
 celebrated thin Rossland. The latter is 
 known throi it the commercial world 
 as the cente one of the most richly- 
 mineralized . ions on the continent of 
 North Amei- . , the latter is known to all 
 visitors to the magic city of Rossland, 
 and is famed abroad for its good cheer 
 and hospitality. 
 
 The International is a two-story struc- 
 ture of sixty guest rooms, with modern 
 improvements, wide halls, the largest 
 public reception room in the city, well- 
 stocked bar and attractive billiard room, 
 and, connected with them, a large and 
 well-appointed concert room for the free 
 use and entertainment of "uests. 
 
 To be known and fully appreciated the 
 International must be eiijuyed. A dis- 
 tinguished "globe-trotter," in speaking 
 of the International, said: "I can find a 
 hotel having more pretensions and capac- 
 ity in almost every city on the continent; 
 but there is only one" like this, and lor 
 good cheer and entertainment there is 
 not another on the continent to compare 
 with the International Hotel at Ros.s- 
 land." 
 
 The International was built in 1895 by 
 Hon. John A. Manly, a personal sketch 
 of whom will be found on another page. 
 
 It is almost needless to add that the 
 International is easily one of the most 
 popular hotels and resorts in Rossland. 
 Free concerts and theatricals are given 
 every evening, and the best of everything 
 in the way of refreshments is served by 
 polite and attentive waiters. 
 
 ROSSLAND'S ELECTRIC 
 PLANT. 
 
 The electric plant of the Rossland Water 
 & Light Company, limited, con.sists of the 
 following: 
 
 A large, heavy frame building, 337 100 
 feet, with sheet iron roof, covers tUo en- 
 tire plant. A battery of three boilers, 80 
 horse-power each, with a large duplex 
 Wortliington steam pump and feed- water 
 heater occupies the first forty feet from 
 the east end of the building, which is 
 partitioned off from the dynamo and en- 
 gine room. The steam pump is used 
 only in case of trouble with the water 
 mains, the water and light company being 
 one corporation. 
 
 At the power-house there is an hy- 
 draulic pressure of 200 pounds to the 
 square inch on a: ' pipes. Fire hy<lrants 
 are arranged at various points in the 
 building, and nearly every one of the 
 employees are familiar and thoroughly 
 versed and drilled in the munipulatiou uf 
 
 I 'i 
 
T 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 17 
 
 is an hy- 
 ids to the 
 hyUrants 
 ints' ill the 
 iiie of the 
 thoroughly 
 pulalioii of 
 
 hose and other fire apparatus. They are 
 prepared to answer the call of their chief 
 at any moment of the day or night, thus 
 forming, under the excessive pressure 
 and system, one of the most efficient f..e 
 brigades ever organized. Another unique 
 feature that is worthy of note, in connec- 
 tion with the plant.is a 24 inch Pelton water 
 motor, substantially built to operate un- 
 der the almve pressure. This motor is 
 belted to the main counter-shaft, and 
 psiists the engine during heavy lo&J. 
 This is of considera'ble value ancl impor- 
 tance, as 50 HP. is obtained from this 
 little wheel, working under the given 
 head. 
 
 The engines are u beautiful pair of Cor- 
 liss engines, with one main crank shaft 
 and a fifteen foot driving wheel hung be- 
 tween them. They were built by the 
 Edward P. AUis Co., of Milwaukee, who 
 have won the enviable reputation of being 
 one of the best (if not the best) machinery 
 builders in the States. A 26 inch double 
 leather belt, of the celebrated "Crown" 
 brand, of Robin, Saddle & Haworth, 
 Montreal, transmits the power generated 
 by these engines to the main counter- 
 shaft, which runs the full width of the 
 building, and to which are belted the 
 four Edison dynamos. Two of these 
 <lynamos are of 750 light capacity each, 
 and the other two are of 750 lights for the 
 pair. 
 
 The machines are connected upon the 
 "three wire" system, and the arrange- 
 ment of switches on the switch-board is 
 such that the smaller machines can be 
 thrown in together in multiple, either on 
 the positive or negative side, thus taking 
 the place of either of the large machines 
 in ca.se of a burn out; or they can be 
 switched in on the bus bars, one on each 
 side of the system. Thermostats are 
 placed on all the principal bearings and 
 connected with an annunciator in the 
 chiefs hou.se, which is close to the plant. 
 As soon as any of the bearings rise to a 
 given temperature, the alarm is given, 
 aii<l the bearing getting hot is registered 
 on the annunciator. 
 
 The above plant is only intended as a 
 temporary one, as the company have in 
 view a long distance transmission scheme 
 for purpose of giving light and power to 
 the West Kootenay district. Nevertheless 
 the present plant, in equipment and de- 
 sign, is worthy of a better fate than con- 
 signment to the bone yard when its rival 
 the transmission plant, takes posseasion 
 of the field. 
 
 J. R. MILLER. 
 
 J. R. Miller, the pioneer commercial 
 traveler to the Kooteiiays, is .spending a 
 month at the Allan House, and besides 
 holding the key to one of the hotel's 
 largest sample rooms, is looking over his 
 real estate interests. 
 
 Mr. Miller first came to the Kootenays 
 with his samples, in 1888. He represents 
 a half dozen manufactures, more or le.ss, 
 and travels from Montreal. He makes 
 two trips each year tc all the cities, towns 
 and mining camps of the Kootenays, and 
 
 extends his trips to Vancouver and Vic- 
 ! toria. 
 
 I J. R. Miller was Ijoni in the Province 
 , of Ontario, and now claims a residence at 
 ' Winnipeg, Manitoba, but he is so widely 
 and well known he might claim a citizen- 
 ship in other Provinces, and especially in 
 British Columbia. 
 
 I Commercial travelers, as a rule, are not 
 investors, but Mr. Miller is an exception, 
 ! for besides owning a valuable mining 
 , claim, he has made large investments in 
 ' town and city property 111 British Colum- 
 bia. He owns a few lots at Nelson, at 
 Sandon, at Kaslo, at Trail, and in owning 
 thirty-five lots here, is said to be the 
 owner of more real estate in this city than 
 any other one man \n Rossland. This 
 fact is no less a conviiment to Rossland 
 than an evidence of .Mr. Miller's clear ken 
 into the future of the town at a time when 
 there were many doubting Thoma.set,. 
 We need not forbear to add that Mr. 
 Miller might find it to his interest to be- 
 come a Rosslander in fact, as he evidently 
 is in faith. He has many warm friends 
 here, and would be welcomed by our 
 merchants, especially if he kept up his 
 line of samples and continued to wear his 
 usual genial smile. 
 
 ROBBINS & LONG. 
 
 Anayen and Chemists. 
 
 It may be doubted if there is another 
 a.ssaying firm in the whole of the world- 
 famous Kootenay country the individual 
 members of which enjoy a better reputa- 
 tion for their .scientific attainments and 
 valuable experience than those of the 
 firm of Robbins & Long. 
 
 Chas. P. Robbins was bom in the state 
 of Idaho, and spent his early life in the 
 mining sections of his native state. He 
 was for a number of years connected with 
 the Eureka Consolidated Mining Com- 
 pany, at Eureka, Nevada, and was, prior 
 to coining to Rossland three years ago, 
 located in the C(Eur d'Alenes' of Idaho. 
 His reputation had preceded him to 
 British Kootenay, and on arriving in 
 Rossland, met with immediate recogni- 
 tion. Up to a year ago he was well 
 known as assayer for the celebrated War 
 Eagle mine, and since as a member of 
 one of Rossland's leading assaying firms. 
 
 Leo H. Long is a native of the state of 
 Utah. He has been among the mines 
 since his childhood, and like his business 
 as.sociate, Mr. Robbins, came to Ros.slaiid 
 from the Coeur d'Alenes. He arrived in 
 this district two years ago, and was also 
 connected with the War Eagle mine up 
 to the time he became a member of the 
 firm of Robbins & Long. His experience 
 in the mining districts of Utah, Montana, 
 Idaho and Briti.sh Columbia has b<?en ex- 
 tensive, and like Mr. Robbins, he may be 
 said to be a graduate of the school of 
 practical experience. 
 
 The firm's office and laboratorv are eligi- 
 bly located on the south side of Columbia 
 avenue, four doors west of Spokane street. 
 The laboratory and furnace room are 
 modern in equipment, and the facilities 
 
 I are unexcelled in the Trail Creek district. 
 
 Messrs. Robbins & Long devote their 
 
 whole time and personal attention to 
 
 1 their business, and one or l)oth members 
 
 : of the firm may always be found at the 
 
 ' office during business hours. 
 
 I The firm has a large clientage among 
 
 j mine owners and brokers, as well as with 
 
 I prospectors and the general mining 
 
 I public. Ore is received for assay from 
 
 I all over British Columbia, and all reports 
 
 on ores are guaranteed to be correct. 
 
 This finn still does as.saving for the War 
 
 Eagle mine and for various others which 
 
 I are no less well known. 
 
 It is permissable t say in conclusion 
 I that Messrs. Robbins and Long are pleas- 
 I ant gentleman, and that their pronii- 
 { nencc as a firm is second only to the high 
 I personal regard in which they arc lielil 
 [ by their many friends and patrons. 
 
 i^ 
 
 N. P. SASH AND DOOR 
 FACTORY. 
 
 Scott & Pluc, PtOfS. 
 
 Tlie N. P. .Sash & Door Factory is one 
 of Ros.sland's new enterprises, having 
 been built in April and May of the pres- 
 ent year, and put into operation aliout 
 June ist. The mill is equipped through- 
 out with the best wood working mach- 
 inery money can buy, and the work 
 turned out is the best that can be done by 
 master mechanics with the best modern 
 equipped plant. 
 
 This is a custom mill, and a general 
 planing mill business is done. The scope 
 of work is too broad to admit of going 
 into details in the space accorded to this 
 sketch, but we may name as specialties 
 the manutacture of sash, doors, blinds, 
 mouldings, turnings, brackets, screen 
 doors, windows, etc. A specialty is also 
 made of fret work and grill work, Imnk 
 office and saloon fixtures, etc. 
 
 The facilities of this planing mill are 
 unexcelled in the Trail Creek district. II 
 has a capacity for about twenty-five work- 
 men, and none but skilled mechanics are 
 employed. Messrs. Scott & Plue are 
 master mechanics, and have personal su- 
 perintendence of the mill. They will be 
 glad to submit designs and estimates on 
 application for work in their line, and 
 the acceptance of a contract by the'-i 
 may be taken as a guarantee of satisfa.-- 
 tion. 
 
 It is a fact worthy of note that this mill 
 in no sense enters the field as a competi- 
 tor with its patrons. The management 
 confines its work almost wholly to manu- 
 facturing, and many of its best patrons 
 are contractors and architects. 
 
 The N. P. Sash & Door Factory is lo- 
 cated at the corner of Second avenue and 
 Davis street. Being on the Red Moun- 
 tain tracks, it possesses exceptional facil- 
 ities for receiving and forwarding — quite 
 an item, when it is realized that Messrs. 
 Scott & Plue ship their product all over 
 the Kootenay country. They buy alto- 
 gether from local mills, and solicit home 
 pationage. 
 
)8 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 John Scott {» a native of Oregon, and ' 
 W. I). Plue of the "Rmpire" state. Mr. i 
 Scott has h^eii in the saw mill businesii 
 all his life, and came to Koswland from • 
 liiH native xt^te. Mr. I'hie was formerly 
 H contractor and builder of Portland, Or- 
 egon. 
 
 THE ROSSLAND. 
 
 "Jetty" SpcUman, Proprietor. 
 
 The Kosstand dates from 1894, and was 
 the second hotel built in the then strug- 
 KlinK village of Rossland. The house has 
 always bzen only less popular than "Jerry" 
 Spellman, it's otvner and manager, and as ' 
 such has from pioneer days been the ■ 
 favorite resort and common meeting 
 place for "old-timers." 
 
 The bar of the Rossland is supplied : 
 with the line.st wines, whiskies, ale.s, por- 
 ters, beers and other liquor that money 
 can buy, and its stock of imported cigars 
 is second to no other in the city. Many 
 a mining deal has here been propo.>.ed and 
 closed, with an accompaniment of Hot 
 Scotch, Canadian Club and Havana cigars. 
 Such places of popular resort serve to 
 relax tense nerves and o'erwrought brain, j 
 and it may be doubted if they do not play 
 as important a part in the development 
 of the great natural resources of the 
 Northwest as other concomitants of a live 
 minin{^ town to which nmch more impor- 
 tance IS commonly attached. 
 
 J. C. Spellman, proprietor of The Ross- 
 land, having first seen the light in the 
 "Wooden Nutmeg" state of New Eng- 
 land, was by birth a Yankee, but by 1 
 adoption and by twenty years residence 
 in the mountains and on the Pacific slope [ 
 he has become a typical western man, with { 
 all the geniality and bon homie that com- j 
 prehen^ve teriii implies. Mr. Spellman 
 was formerly in business for some years 
 in Spokane, and more recently at Bound- 
 ary City. He came from the latter place 
 to Rossland in 1894. He has still impor- 
 tant mining interests at Cedar Creek, 
 near Boundary City, and, besides being 
 interested in some of Rossland's develop- 
 ed mines, is the owner of some valuable 
 prospects. Mr. Spellman is exceptionally 
 well ac(juainted with the mines l)eing 
 worked m the district, and, as well, with 
 prospects awaiting development ; and we 
 may add there is no citizen of Rossland 
 to whom a stranger may go for informa- 
 tion with a greater certainty of getting an 
 impartial statement of facts respecting the 
 mines and prospects of this great mineral • 
 ized belt, than to J. C. Spellman. 
 
 MUTUAL COLLECTION CO. 
 
 Harrry E. Lippmatm^ Secretary and Manager 
 
 Very few of Ros.sIand's young business 
 men are better known, and none more 
 favorably so than Harry E. Lippmann, 
 secretary and manager of the Mutual 
 Collection Company. Mr. Lippmann is 
 a native of Brooklyn, N. Y. He has been 
 
 seven years in th3 mountains, five of them 
 having been spent at Butte, Montana, 
 where he was connected with the Mutual 
 Collection Company of Montana. 
 
 He has been nearly two years in Ross- 
 land, and since February of last year lias 
 held a position of trust with Hunter 
 Brothers, one of Rossland's largest mer- 
 cantile firms. 
 
 Mr. I.ippmann has (luite recently or- 
 ganized the Mutual Collection Company 
 of Rossland, as a branch of the Mutual 
 Collection Company of Montana. Thisis 
 a thoroughly up-to-date enterprise, and 
 and will be a great convenience to busi- 
 ness men, as well as to the public gener- 
 ally. The general plan of the business 
 puts the Rossland secretary and manager 
 in communication with the company's 
 attorneys throughout the Dominion of 
 Canada and the United States. The coni- 
 pany's legal advisors here are Harris, 
 McNeill & Deacon, solicitors and bar- 
 risters. 
 
 The company takes collections at all 
 points in Cana((a and the United States, 
 for a moderate commission, and makes 
 prompt remittances of collections tc 
 to clients. No advance fee is charged, 
 and if collections are not made 
 clients are put to no expense. These very 
 liberal terms should, with so competent 
 and popular a manager, make the Ross- 
 land branch of the Mutual Collection 
 Company a success. 
 
 A. S. KERRY & CO. 
 
 Lumbzr Dealen. 
 
 There is probably no name in the North- 
 west better known to the lumber trade 
 than that of A, S. Kerry. Mr. Kerry is 
 a large sawmill owner, and as president 
 of the company of which we are writ- 
 ing, is an exporter of lumber to China 
 and Japan. 
 
 The Rossland branch of the business 
 was established in December, 1896, and 
 is conducted under the joint manage- 
 ment of Messrs. Rosleaf and Kibler, man- 
 ager and secretary-treasurer, respectively, 
 of the company. Mr. Kerry, who re- 
 sides permanently in Seattle, conducts 
 the main business of the company at that 
 point. 
 
 The scope covered by the business of 
 the Rossland branch embraces the sale of 
 rough lumber, kiln-dried finishing lum- 
 ber, lath, shingles, doors, windows, lime, 
 brick, etc. The company is also Ross- 
 land agent for R. Miller, of the Butte 
 Mills, who is a large producer of native 
 lumber. 
 
 The success of the Rossland house 
 dates from its establish'nent, and it is 
 safe to say there have been few buildings 
 erected in Rossland since the begining of 
 the present year, in which this house has 
 not placed some of its material. This is 
 especially so in the case of lime, in 
 which article, we are informed, A. S. 
 Kerry & Co. are the leading dealers in 
 Rossland. The well-merited reputation 
 I for fair and honorable dealing Messrs. 
 I Rosleaf and Kibler have won for the 
 
 Romland branch <• in harmony with 
 the high esteem entertained for the par- 
 ent house at Seattle; and in conclusion 
 we cannot <lo more than to commend 
 this house to the continued confidence 
 and patronage of the public. 
 
 ROSSLAND'S FIRST BREWERY 
 
 John Murphy, Proprietor. 
 
 A chronological history of Rosslan<l, 
 from its founding to the present lime, 
 would have to be measured by weeks or 
 days rather than by years or months. 
 From the erection of Us first building, 
 the progress of the town was so rapid 
 that some new enterprise was born every 
 week, and almost every day. Among 
 those enterprises whose early advent oc- 
 casions surprise, John Murphy's Brewery 
 is one ; for it was in operation and was 
 selling beer as early as May, 1895, less 
 than one year from the platting of the 
 town. 
 
 Mr. Murphy came to the camp from Cal- 
 gary, N. W. T., in 1894, and, finding an 
 old acquaintance and friend in Mr. Ro.ss 
 Thompson, remained here. He assisted 
 in the survey of the town, and, a.sking no 
 concessions, txiught two of the first lots 
 sold by the town company, upon which 
 ' to establish his brewery. Needless to 
 add, Rossland's first brewer has enjoyed 
 I a trade equal to its capacity from its first 
 ! brew to the present writing, and notwith- 
 ! standing its formidable competitors, it is 
 "still in the ring," producing lager beer, 
 steam beer, ale and porter. There is a 
 , )x>ttling plant in connection with the 
 brewery, and patrons are, therefore, 
 served with bottled goo<ls as well as keg 
 I goo<1s. 
 
 I John Murphy was torn in the Province 
 ! of Nova Scotia; but he has been m.nny 
 i years in the West. He was in the North- 
 west Territory as early as in 1878. He 
 was for some time employed in sawmill 
 ; and railway work and had his first expe- 
 i rience as a brewer at Banff Hot Springs, 
 ! N. W. T. He came to British Columbia 
 ' in 1888, and, as before stated, to Trail 
 ! Creek in 1894. 
 
 Mr. Murphy employs skilled and ex- 
 i perienced German brewers. He uses the 
 best of imported malt and hops from the 
 States, the former coming from San Fran- 
 cisco and the latter from the hop fields of 
 Washington. The products of his brew- 
 ery compare favorably with the best 
 beers, ales and porters of commerce, and 
 he has built up a trade fully equal to the 
 capacity of his brewery, which will 
 likely hold for a long time, notwithstand- 
 ing the recent building of larger and 
 more pretensions breweries in Ro.ssland. 
 
 THE PIONEER STABLES. 
 
 Geo. Baker & Co. 
 
 
 As the name implies, The Pioneer Sta- 
 bles were the first livery stables estab- 
 I I'shed in Rossland, having lieen built and 
 j stocked in the summer of 1894. They are 
 
 1' 
 
noiiy with 
 r the par- 
 conclusion 
 coiimien<l 
 confidence 
 
 lEWERY 
 
 tor. 
 
 f Kosslanil, 
 esent lime, 
 jy weeks or 
 or months. 
 it building, 
 as so rapid 
 born every 
 y. AmonK 
 ■ advent oc- 
 y's Brewery 
 on and was 
 ly, 1895. less 
 tting of the 
 
 inpfromCal- 
 , finding an 
 in Mr. Ross 
 He assisted 
 d, asking no 
 the first lots 
 upon which 
 Needless to 
 has enjoyed 
 from its first 
 and notwith- 
 ipetitors, it is 
 ; lager beer, 
 . There is a 
 )n with the 
 ;, therefore, 
 s well as keg 
 
 the Province 
 been m,<iny 
 the Nortli- 
 1878. He 
 in sawmill 
 first expe- 
 tlot Springs, 
 sh Columbia 
 ed, to Trail 
 
 lied and ex- 
 He uses the 
 lops from the 
 )m San Fran- 
 hop fields of 
 of his brew- 
 th the best 
 innnerce, and 
 equal to the 
 which will 
 lotwithstand- 
 r larger and 
 in Rossland. 
 
 'ABLES- 
 
 Pioneer Sta- 
 itables estab- 
 een built and 
 94. They are 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 19 
 
 also the largest and most completely equip- 
 ped stables in the camp, and the building 
 occupied is the finest in use for liverv 
 purposes in the whole of the Trail Creek 
 district. 
 
 For the past two years The Pioneer 
 Livery Stables have been owned and con- 
 ilucted by Geo. Baker and Wn>. Shoryer 
 under the firm name of Geo. Baker & bo. 
 Both Mr. Baker and Mr. Shoryer are old 
 and experienced liverymen, and are well- 
 knojvn throughout the Trail country. 
 
 In point of stock, vehicles and the gen- 
 eral paraphernalia which constitute a first- 
 class It very stable, no expense has been 
 spared, "fhe rolling stock includes bug- 
 gies, surries, hacks, buck-boards, moun- 
 tain wagons and everything usually 
 found in the best stables of mountain 
 towns. From twenty • to twenty-five 
 horses are kept for li vary purposes, among 
 them gentlemen's and ladies' driving 
 horses, saddle hoi-ses, pack horses and ex- 
 perienced mountain horses. 
 
 The firm makes a .specialty of supply- 
 ing hunting, fishing and prospecting 
 parties with horses and outfits, and does 
 a very large business with miners and 
 prospectors. They will furnish experi- 
 enced drivers, acquainted with the sur- 
 rounding country, who will accompany 
 patrons when desired. 
 
 Besides doing a general livery business 
 Geo. Baker & Co. board horses by the day 
 week or month, and care for private rigs, 
 giving them the same caremi attention 
 their own vehicles receive. They also 
 buj; and sell horses, and it may be doubt- 
 ed if there are two better judges of horses 
 in the Province than Mea^rs. Baker and 
 Shoryer. 
 
 We should not omit to mention the 
 fact that the Rossland-Trail Stage, which 
 runs between Rossland and Trail, is 
 owned by Geo. Baker & Co., and is con- 
 ducted as a part of the liverv business. 
 It is intereMing, too, that the railroad 
 does not visibly affect the business of 
 this stage route, so many preferring the 
 open air and pleasant drive to the tnp by 
 rail. 
 
 Geo. Baker was born and raised in the 
 city of Philadelphia, but has lived many 
 years in the West. He was a pioneer to 
 the Kootenay country, having come here 
 as early as 1890. He came to British 
 Columbia first in 1885. Wm. Shoryer is 
 a native of the Hoosier state. He was 
 an early comer to Rossland, and like his 
 partner in business is more or less inter- 
 ested in mining and real estate. 
 
 Wm. R. Beatty was Kosslund's first 
 
 undertaker. He was lH)rn in the stale of 
 
 Delaware, and studied enibitlniing at the 
 
 Philadelphia School of Kinbalining, fruin 
 
 I which institution he is a gruduate. He 
 
 I has been in the undertaking and eni- 
 
 tmlmiiig business all his life, and for the 
 
 : past ten years has been in the West. 
 
 I He came to Rossland from Spokane, 
 
 where he was for n number of years in 
 
 busineas, in June, 1H95. 
 
 Mr. Heatty is a dealer in and maker of 
 all kimls of undertakers' supplies, in- 
 cluding wood and steel caskets, coffins 
 and burial cases, trimmings, burial robes, 
 etc. He has had adec|uate facilities for 
 performing the last, sad offices for the 
 dead in accordance with the best mod- 
 ern system of embalming and inter- 
 ment.' 
 
 Mr. Beatty owns tlu building he occu- 
 i pie.s, which is located in Commercial 
 i Court. It was built expressly for its 
 purpose and use as an undertaking es- 
 tablishment, and the rooms are provided 
 I with the latest improvements to the end 
 ' that the mortal remains may be em- 
 balmed in the best manner possible known 
 to modern science. 
 
 ! Wli'Mi it is remembered that Mr. Beatty 
 is a graduate of the celebrated Philadel- 
 phia School of Knibalming, and that he 
 lie has had a life-long experience in the 
 undertaking business, it is redundancy 
 I to say that he is thoroughly skilled and 
 I efficient in every department of his busi- 
 ' ness. He makes a specialty of shipping 
 : remains, and takes pleasure in rendering 
 j any services possible to the bereaved. 
 : We should, not omit to add that Mr. 
 Beatty owns a fine hearse. 
 
 M. W.SIMPSON. 
 
 WM. R. BEATTY, 
 
 Undertaker and Embilmer. 
 
 There are few business or professional 
 callings in which so marked a change 
 has taken place in the last two decades as 
 in that of the undertaker and embalmer. 
 Volumes have been written about the 
 lost art of embalming possessed by the 
 Egyptians, but modern science has so 
 far surpassed the ancients in the art of 
 embalming that regrets for the lost art of 
 the Egyptians are no longer heard. 
 
 Malty-Ward Simpson, proprietor of 
 Rosslaiid's leading news, book and sta- 
 tionery store, established his business in 
 1896. Up to that time Rossland had not 
 ! had a first-class store of the kind, but the 
 time was rife for it, and Mr. Simp.son's 
 venture met with universal appreciation 
 and his store has since its opening been 
 known as a place where the latest and 
 ^ best in daily, weekly and monthly publi- 
 cations can always be found on sale. 
 
 This house is recognized as headquar 
 I ters for school books. The stock of library 
 i and miscellaneous lx)oks, although not 
 j large, is well chosen in works suited to 
 ! private libraries, as well as in holiday 
 i ixjoks of every description in their season. 
 I All the leading periodicals of England, 
 i the United States and Canada are carried 
 ■ and subscriptions are received for all cf 
 I them. In office supplies the line is very 
 I complete and includes all kinds of filing 
 ! devices, inks, mucilage, letter and pencil 
 ! tablets, blank books, etc. In addition to 
 carrying in stock everything usually 
 found in a first-class book and stationery 
 store, Mr. Simpson tarries a choice and 
 complete line of imported and domestic 
 cigars and tobacco. A very complete 
 line of maps of the British Columbia 
 mining sections is also carried in stock, 
 
 Mr. Simpson is a native of I'^ngland, 
 and was educated a Ixxik-keeper and 
 .expert accountant. Iinmeiliately follow- 
 ing his graduation he accepteil a' position 
 with a London commercial house, wlier^' 
 he remained forsix years. Hecaine to Can- 
 ada in 1873,111111 slopping in Hamlltim, On- 
 tario, worked at his profession there until 
 1885, when he went to Manitoba, and en- 
 gaged in the agricultural implement and 
 grain business. He arrived in Ros.sland 
 from Manitoba in April, 1896, and very 
 soon thereafter established his present 
 business. 
 
 THE ROSSLAND MILL AND 
 LUMBER COMPANY. 
 
 E. H. Ragland, Manager. 
 
 It may be doubted if there is another 
 single eiiterpri.se in Rossland that has 
 been so closely identified with the build- 
 ing interests of the city or that has had 
 so much to do with the construction of 
 our residences and business blocks as 
 The Rossland Mill and Lumber Com- 
 pany. 
 
 This was the first industry of the kind 
 in Rossland. The plant comprises the lat- 
 est improved machinery, and no expense 
 has been spared to make this mill one of 
 the best in this section ol British Col- 
 umbia. Only the most .skilled and com- 
 petent workmen are employed, and the 
 best of materials used. At the present 
 writing, there are emp!oye<l about eight 
 skilled mechanics, drawing an average 
 P«y of I3-0O per day. All lumber is 
 bought at wholesale, and every facility 
 afforded to reduce the cost of pr'oductioii 
 to the minimum and make the quality of 
 the product all that it can be made' by 
 .\l materials, the be.st modern plant and 
 the most .skilled workmen. 
 
 The company does a general milling 
 and contracting business. Regarding the 
 class of work done, we may say it is 
 uniform in excellence, and has won for 
 the company a most gratifying reputa- 
 tion. 
 
 As is indicated by its name, the com- 
 pany is a dealer in lumber. In this con- 
 nection, it is proper to state the Buckeye 
 Lumber Company, of Spokane, Washing- 
 ton, owns an interest in the business and 
 supplies the yard here at a minimum 
 cost, thus enabling the management to 
 meet all competitors, Ixjth as to prices 
 and to quality. 
 
 P.. H. Ragland, manager of The Ross- 
 land Mill & Lumber Company, establish- 
 ed the business in February, 1896. He was 
 formerly a contractor and builder of Los 
 Angeles, California, but came to Rossland 
 from Spokane, Washington. In view of 
 his former experience in the line it is not 
 surprising Mr. Ragland makes contract- 
 ing and building a prominent feature of 
 the Company's business. 
 
 It is not too much to say, in conclusion 
 that Mr. Ragland's praiseworthy record 
 in Rossland justifies the statement that 
 any contract he may make will be carried 
 out in the most workman like and satis- 
 factory manner. 
 
ao 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 EMPEY BROTHERS. 
 Groccn ftnd QmiiniNion Mc<«iianti. 
 
 TIUH JH not only oiiv of tlic leading 
 lioiiHi'H of the kinil in KoMiland, tmt in 
 this Hfctiun of Hritiith Culiunhia as well. 
 HcHiiles tx!inK wholeiialif and retail gro- 
 cers, Kinpey RrotherN are conuniftion 
 nierchantn and wholeimle dealers in hav, 
 grain, vegetahles and other produotH of 
 the farni, garden and dairy. Their spec- 
 ialties are fancy groceries^ staple grocer- 
 ies, fancy butter, fresh eggs, cream cheese, 
 cured meats, cured fish, poultry and 
 game, fresh fruits, fresh vegetahles and 
 confectionery. 
 
 Kinpey Brothers have two salesrooms, 
 one on Columbia avenue and one on First 
 avenue, and have a large fire-proof ware- 
 house on First avenue. They are im- 
 porters and large buyers in car-load lots, 
 and are, accoruingly', able to sell every- 
 thing in the several lines carried by them 
 at the lowest market price. They run 
 two wagons for the delivery of goods in 
 the city and suburbs and to nearby mines. 
 Their capital is ample for all the needs of 
 their business, and the firm stands 
 eijually well in business and financial 
 circles. They have a large and increas- 
 ing wholesale trade with merchants and 
 mmes all over the district, and an impor- 
 tant retail trade with families, restaurants 
 and hotels. 
 
 F. E. and F. A. Empey are natives of 
 the state of Michigan. They came to 
 the mountains in 1886, and for the past 
 ten years, previous to coming to Rossland 
 in September, 1896, were in business in 
 C«Eur d'Alene City, Idaho. The Empev 
 Brothers are f)oth young men, and, in 
 their career and business success, exem- 
 plify the saying that "the West is the 
 young man's country." 
 
 an well, an importer from the I'nilcd 
 .States. 
 
 The business occupies two well-filled 
 floors, one being wholly devoted to fur- 
 niture, and the greater part of the other 
 to carpets, mattings, portieres, curtains, 
 i etc. I'ndertakers' goods form an im- 
 ' portant but inconspicuous part of the 
 j stock, and funeral directing, embalming 
 ; and undertaking are a part of the busi- 
 ness of the firm. In this connection, it is 
 I pertinent to state the firm owns two fine 
 hearses, one white and one black. 
 
 C. H. Lockhart and J. M. Jordan, while 
 comparatively young men, are both ex- 
 
 f)erience<l merchants. Mr. Lockhart was 
 >orn in Ontario, Canada, but was a pio- 
 neer of British Columbia's new era, hav- 
 ing come ,to the Province in 1885. He 
 was first connected with t'e furniture 
 business at Brandon, M ..liioba, was for a 
 numl)er of years in ..le furniture busi- 
 ness in Victoria, B. C. He is also also a 
 a skilled undertaker, and a graduate of 
 the U. S. College of Emlmlming. 
 
 J. M. Jordan is a native of the state of 
 Georgia. He received his education in 
 his native state, and having engaged in 
 merchandising tiefore attaining his ma- 
 jority, and remained in it mitil he wound 
 up his business with a view of coming to 
 British Columbia, also recei: '.-d his busi- 
 ness training there. Arriving in British 
 Columbia in February of last year, he 
 made an extended trip throughout the 
 mining sections of the Province, and, 
 settling upon Rossland as the most ]>roni- 
 ising town, he decided to engage in bus- 
 iness here. Accordingly, having become 
 I ac(juainted with Mr. Lockhart, they 
 { united their interests, and purchasing 
 the first large and complete slock of fur- 
 I niture, carpets and undertakers' goods 
 '' ever brought to Rossland, opened their 
 ' commodious store for trade forMay of the 
 present year. 
 
 LOCKHART & JORDAN. 
 
 Importers and Dealers in Furniture, Car- 
 pets and Undertakers' Goods. 
 
 Among the number of !)• siness firms 
 that have engaged in trade in Ros.sland 
 since the beginning of the present year, 
 none are more worthy of conspicuous 
 and favorable mention than Ivockhart & 
 Jordan. The stock carried by this house 
 is so plainly indicated in the head of this 
 article, that it only remains to say that it 
 is the largest and 'most complete stock of 
 the kind in this part of British Columbia 
 and includes everything in the line of 
 furniture, from the plain but serviceable 
 quality used by the laboring man's fam- 
 ily to the most exquisitely carved and 
 upholstered furniture which adorns the 
 homes of the wealthy. The extensive 
 stock of furniture is .supplemented by a 
 general line of carpets, floor cloths, mat- 
 ting rugs, mats, draperies, window cur- 
 tains, shades and cornice poles, lace cur- 
 tains and fixtures, upholstery, beds, bed- 
 ding, pillows, toilet crockery^ etc. 
 
 The fimi is a buyer in' car-load lots 
 from the l)est factori'os of Canada, and is. 
 
 JAMES PRICE. 
 
 Merchant Tailor. 
 
 James Pric^ first came to Ros.slaiul in 
 ! 1894, and in April of the following year 
 established the pioneer tailoring business 
 of the camp. He had been the leading 
 I tailor of Nelson since 1893, and on start- 
 ing in business here found many old 
 ! patrons, who had come with the rush to 
 I Ros.sland. 
 
 As he was the first, so is Mr. Price the 
 I leading tailor of Rossland. He carries a 
 I large and well selected stock of the finest 
 1 imported goods, and keeps fully abreast 
 I of the times both as to style of cut and 
 ' the latest and most fashionable patterns. 
 I His stock includes the best English, 
 I Scotch, French and Irish goods, and it is 
 [ not too much to say the display of trouser- 
 I ings, suitings, vestings ann overcoatings 
 i is the most attractive in the city. 
 
 Mr. Price is an ex'perienced cutter, and 
 does all cutting and fitting himself. He 
 uses the celebrated John J. Mitchell 
 system, and the latest Mitchell fashion 
 plates are always on display for in- 
 
 I pection. All garments are iiipde under 
 j Mr. I'rice's direct supervision, and none 
 I but the most skilled jcnirneyman tailors 
 j are employed. Mr. Price makes no 
 misfits. 
 
 It is gratifying to lie able to state that 
 Mr. Price counts among his patrons many 
 of the l»est flressed gentlemen of Rossland 
 and the contiguous camps, an<l among his 
 i regular customers many men of official 
 standing, mining men, financiers anil 
 business men. 
 
 James Price was Imrn on the Emerald 
 Isle. He came to the United States in 
 ' 1868, and has .since traveled in nearl\ all 
 of the states. He has been employed as 
 cutter in some of the t)est-known tailor- 
 ing establishments of the West, and has 
 lieen in business for himself several times. 
 Mr. Price liears an excellent reputation in 
 Rossland business circles, and is no less 
 esteemed as a courteous gentlemen and 
 worthy citizen. 
 
 WM. ROLLS. 
 
 Druggitl. 
 
 The pharmacy owne<l and conducted 
 by Win. Rolls had its beginning in March 
 1U96, and has become recognized as one of 
 the leaders in the drug business in Ros.s- 
 land. The stock of drugs and medicines 
 carried includes everything usually found 
 in a first-class drug store , and everything 
 known to the trade and in demand in this 
 section, in the line of patent and prepared 
 remedies, toilet articles, druggists' sun- 
 ; dries, etc., is kept. 
 
 Putting up prescriptions is an import- 
 I ant feature of the business, and it is 
 , worthy of note that all prescriptions are 
 1 submitted to close inspection liefore being 
 registered or filled. This department is 
 provided with drugs of the very highest 
 grade of purity, and no others are in any 
 case useil in putting in prescrijitions for 
 '• physicians or for the public, 
 i It has been said that a thorough know- 
 ledge of the business is the liest capital a 
 druggist can have. Win. Rolls is certainly 
 a capitalist in this respect, for he is a 
 ] graduate of the Ontario College of Phar- 
 ] maey, and has had many years' experi- 
 I ence in the trade. He is not only a 
 ! skilled prescription pharmacist, but a 
 manufacturing chemist, as well. Of the 
 many preparations manufactured by him 
 we cite the following, which are now 
 ' household words all over the Trail Creek 
 • district : Alaskan Balsam, Berbereen, 
 Cholera Cordial and Rolls' S. & L. Pills. 
 ' The last named are sold to wholesalers all 
 over British Columbia. 
 
 Wni. Rolls is a native of the Province 
 
 of Ontario. After receiving his diploma 
 
 from the Ontario College of Pharmacy, 
 
 he almost immediately entered the trade 
 
 and came to Rossland from the coast 
 
 ; where he had been in successful business 
 
 ; for more than a decade. While he de- 
 
 1 votes his time and personal attention lo 
 
 ; his business here, like the majority of our 
 
 j merchants, Mr. Rolls is to some extent 
 
 j interested in mining, and is the owner 
 
 , of valuable property. His success here 
 
p(l«; iiniler 
 and iionf 
 ■111 tHllorn 
 imken no 
 
 stnlc tlittl 
 ronH many 
 f RoMland 
 aniotiK hi* 
 1 of official 
 jcicrs oh<l 
 
 • KnieraUl 
 I States in 
 
 nearl) all 
 nployeil a» 
 )wn tailor- 
 st, anil liaH 
 vcnil tinicH. 
 rputation in 
 
 iH no less 
 leinen and 
 
 I conducted 
 ing in March 
 ized ttH one of 
 ess in Ross- 
 irt nieiUcines 
 isually found 
 d everything 
 imand in this 
 tind prepored 
 Liggists' snn- 
 
 an iniport- 
 
 and It is 
 
 riptions are 
 
 before being 
 
 partuient is 
 
 verv highest 
 
 rsa're in any 
 
 scriptions for 
 
 rough know- 
 )esl capital a 
 Is is certainly 
 
 for he is a 
 ege of Phar- 
 •ears' experi- 
 
 riot only a 
 acist. hut a 
 well. Of the 
 ured by him 
 lich are now 
 Trail Creek 
 Berbereen, 
 
 S. & L. Pills- 
 wholesalers all 
 
 the Province 
 his diploma 
 of Pharmacy, 
 red the trade 
 jm the coast 
 ssful business 
 While he de- 
 1 attention to 
 najority of our 
 some extent 
 is the owner 
 success here 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAD. CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 21 
 
 has been amply merited by a course of 
 fair and honorable dealing, and he oc- 
 cupies a prominent place among the 
 leading and respected merchants of Ross- 
 land. 
 
 QUEEN STEAM LAUNDRY 
 
 Blue it Hinh, Proprietors. 
 
 The ,2ueen Bteam Laundry was built 
 by Louis Blue an<l operated by S. Hir«h 
 for the firm of Blue & Hirsh. This is 
 the only steam laundry in Rossland, and 
 has but recently begun business. 
 
 The moilern steam laundry may be 
 said to have had its birth in Troy, New 
 York. It was there that the first mod- 
 ern laundry uiacliinerv was made and 
 the first modern laundry operated, and 
 it is in Troy that the most perfect laun- 
 dry machinery now in use the world over 
 is manufactured. It is, therefore, appro- 
 
 Eriate to state that the Queen Steam 
 aundry is newly equipped with the lat- 
 est improved machinery, most ol which 
 came from the Troy manufactures. 
 
 Tl' ugh recently established, this laun- 
 dry as already built up an important 
 business, and gives employment to from 
 ten to a dozen people. Only the tnost 
 skilled white lalx)r is employed, and the 
 best wages are paid. Wagons are run for 
 the accommodation of city patrons, and 
 laundry is called for and delivered free of 
 charge. 
 
 While doing all manner of laundry 
 work in the very best style, the specialty 
 of this laundry is fine family and gentle- 
 men's work. Respecting the class of 
 work done, we may say that it is uniform 
 in excellence, and approaches perfection 
 as nearly as can be done by competent 
 experts operating the best modern ma- 
 chinery. 
 
 Louis Blue, the senior member of the 
 firm of Blue & Hirsh, is too well and 
 widely known to need introduction here. 
 He is a prominent citizen of Rossland, 
 and is closely identified with the inter- 
 ests of this section. Mr. Hirsh was for- 
 merly a merchant of facoma, Washing- 
 ton, and on coming to Rossland, his asso- 
 ciation in business with Mr. Blue is 
 ample introduction for the people of the 
 Trail Creek district. 
 
 sisted of a few dozen huts and shacks 
 scattered here and there, he may lie sai<l 
 to have liegun business here with the 
 beginning of the town. He is, by trade, 
 a carpenter and builder, and for the first 
 year of Ws residence here was emnloyed 
 as foreman for a leading contractor. In 
 January, 1896, Mr. Rolf established his 
 present business, and has since been 
 known as one of Rossland's leading 
 supply men. 
 
 Mr. Rolf has on hand at all times a full 
 and complete stock of sash, doors, mould- 
 ings and builders' supplies. He buys on 
 both sides of the line, principally from 
 Winnipeg, Vancouver, Tacoma and Port- 
 land. He has a shop Imck of his stock 
 room, where odd sizes and special patterns 
 of sash and doors ore manufi<v.'tured to 
 onler, and employs a conipetiint work- 
 man in this department, 
 
 Mr. Rolf was Ijorn in the "Empire" 
 state. He came west in 1893, and came 
 to Rossland from Spokane, Washington. 
 He is a thorough busin':m man. and his 
 past record in RossUnil justifies the 
 statement that he is a man of sterling 
 integrity us well. 
 
 E. A. ROLF, 
 
 Dealer in Sash, Doors, GUh, Mouldings and 
 BuiUers' Supplies. 
 
 Ai there is no business more insepar- 
 able from the progress and prosperity of a 
 new community than that which contri- 
 butes to the building of hemes, so there 
 is no class of men more justly deserving 
 of favorable mention in a first history of 
 any community than those connected 
 with the builders' trades. It is, therefore, 
 with pleasure we cite the subject of this 
 sketch. 
 
 It may be doubted if there is any other 
 one man who has been so intimately asso- 
 ciated with the building interests of this 
 city as E. A- Rolf. Coming to Rossland 
 in February, 1895, when the town con- 
 
 COLUMBL^ BREWERY 
 
 Gratden & Gaul, Proprietors. 
 
 The Columbia Brewery was built in 
 September, 1895, and was Rossland's scc- 
 i ond brewery. It was operated by Messrs. 
 Dreyer & HofTmeir until March of the 
 present year, in which month the present 
 firm Gmden & Gaul succeeded to the plant 
 and business. 
 
 The output of the Columbia Brewery 
 is lager. The brewery is well equipped, 
 and no inferior materials are used. The 
 firm imports mnlt from San Francisco, 
 and hops from the rich fields of Washing- 
 ton. Mr. Gaul is a scientific brewer of 
 long experience, and it is not too much 
 to say of the product of the Columbia 
 brewery, that it is superior to many of the 
 imported beers of commerce. 
 
 Mes-srs. Groden & Gaul do not at pres- 
 ent sell to the trade, but will in the near 
 future enlarge their facilities and extend 
 their business accordingly. At present, 
 they sell from the tap, and the path to 
 their br«wery is well beaten by carriers 
 of "growlers." Their place is a favorite 
 resort for prospectors and miners who 
 want to get the worth of their money, 
 and lovers of the amber beverage cannot 
 do better than to "rush the can" at the 
 Columbia brewery. 
 
 John Graden is a native of Switzerland, 
 and Henry Gaul of Germany. Tliey are 
 both from the Sound country, where Mr. 
 Graden was engaged in the general 
 merchandise business and Mr. Gaul was a 
 well-known brewer. 
 
 RICHARD PLEWMAN. 
 
 If we may judge from the considemble 
 number of men, who, having been edu- 
 cated for other callings, have finally en- 
 gaged in mining enterprises late in life 
 with exceptional success, it would seem 
 that, as in commercial pursuits, banking 
 and other branches of business, a thorough 
 
 business education is necessary to success, 
 so also is it no less necessary in all legit- 
 imate mining rntcrpriHCS. 
 
 Ricliard Plewnian was iKirn in Ireland, 
 was educated to business in England, and 
 for over twenty years, first as a commercial 
 traveler for English firms in the Irotlu-r 
 factoring business, and afterwanls repre- 
 senting his own firm, he traveled all over 
 England, Scotland and Ireland. In iSlly 
 he came to Toronto, Canada, where tnost 
 of his family now reside. His acquaint- 
 ance with infiueiitinl ineniliers of the 
 Victoria Consolidated Hydraulic Mining 
 company, one of the largest and strongest 
 companies of the kind in Canada, led to 
 his going to the Carilxio country in 1895. 
 The expcrier.ce and ol)servation in mining 
 gained in two years' connection with that 
 company, together with the favorable 
 reports of the Kootenays, led him in 
 January, 1897, to come to Rossland as n 
 more dcslrnble field for engaging in busi- 
 ness on his own account. His knowledge 
 of men and affairs, and his antecedents 
 l)eiiig such as to commend him to in- 
 fluential people, and the time being 
 favorable, it is hardly surprising that 
 within a few nionthn after his arrival here, 
 a comparative strun.fer, Mr. Plewnian 
 should be secretary of La Regina Mining 
 company, official brolter of the Cumlier- 
 land Gold Mining company, and has been 
 nominated by the Old National Bank of 
 Spokane for the receivership of the O. K. 
 Mining company, and is one of Ross- 
 land's prominent and most trustworthy 
 brokers and dealers in mining stocks 
 and mining properties. 
 
 That events and business move fast in 
 Rossland is well indcated by the fact that 
 two such old and conservative institutions 
 as the Bank of Montreal and the Bank of 
 British North America should actually 
 race with each other for the advantage of 
 a day in opening. Imbued with that 
 spirit of alertness Mr. Plewnian began 
 business. His energy, hit enterprise and 
 his wide and influential acquaintance \n 
 mining and financial circle.^ gained him 
 an immediate clientage ond brought to 
 him many propositions to incorporate 
 componies' and promote enterprises. He 
 accordingly secured the services of a 
 reputable firm of consulting engineers, 
 and having a careful examinotion of prop- 
 erties made, accepted or rejected prop- 
 ositions in accordance with the engineers' 
 official report. The wisdom of Mr. 
 Plewman's plan of procedure is seen in 
 the fact that every company with which 
 his name is connected will stand the most 
 searching test as to properties upon which 
 the capitalization is made, the protection 
 of treasury stock, and the peremptory 
 pooling of all promoters' stock. 
 
 Mr. Plewman has now in the jiress a 
 catalogue of sixty mining properties for 
 sale by him. It is the most comprehensive 
 thing of the kind yet issued for Ros.sland, 
 contoining every variety of ininerol 
 claims, from the mere prospect priced at 
 a few hundred dollors to the best Red 
 Mountain properties, running all the way 
 up to $300,000.00. 
 
 Mr. Plewman has his office ond consul- 
 tation rooms in the Imperial Block. He 
 uses Clougli's ond Bedford McNeill'scodes, 
 and his telegraphic ond cable oddress is 
 "Plewman," Rossland. 
 
 S<" 
 
hi 
 
 22 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 J. B. JOHNSON. 
 
 I Rossland, solicitois for the Bank of Mon- 
 I treal. He was born at Stratford, province 
 '■ of Ontario. He was educated at the 
 Among the early comers to the Trail \ Upper Canada College, at Toronto, and 
 Creek district and to Rossland, few, if ' chose as a profession that of barrister-at- 
 indeed any, liave done more toward the : law. Having gone with the rush to Man- 
 development of our mines and the build- itoba, in 1881, he became one of its in- 
 ing of our ■jity than the subject of this fluential and honored citizens. He was 
 
 sketch. 
 
 While it is a fact that Mr. Clute began 
 his professional career in Rossland under 
 most favorable auspices, it will also be 
 admitted thU hs his amply deserved his 
 success, and tiis professional high stand- 
 ing in professional, business and social cir- 
 cles. He practices in all the courts of the 
 Province, and has a large and increasing 
 
 Mayor of the city of Brandon for the two itclientage extending well over British 
 
 Columbia, into the eastern provinces, to 
 the States and even to England. 
 
 Mr. Clute's admirable social qualities 
 
 J. B. Johnson first came to Rossland in : succeeding terms, beginning in 1882 and 
 August, 1895, when th<; now metropolis of 1884, and was a memb3r of the Dominion 
 
 the Kootenavs was an infant village. After j Parliament from Manitoba, from 1887 to 
 
 spending a few weeks in reconnoitering ' 1896. He was, in 1890, appointed a Queen's 1 make him especially popular in fraternal 
 the district and its wealth of natural re- Counselor, and was a member of the Can- ! circles. He is a willing worker in the 
 sources, Mr. Johnson became thoroughly adian Government, as Minister of the In- { A. O. U. W., and is District Deputy for 
 convinced the camp had in store a sunny terior and Superintendant General of Ind'- j the District of Kootenay. He is a pro- 
 future, and if we may judge by his read- ian Affairs, from 1892 to 1896. In view of minent member of Lodge 21, K. of P., 
 inesB to assistin worthy public enterprises the foregoing, it is not too much to say i and is a Mason in good standing, 
 for the good of the community, his confi- Mr. Daly has honored the city of Ross- 1 It lias been said in another column that 
 dence has not once wavered, even during land by becoming one of her Commission- i Rossland is fortunate in the personnel and 
 the darkest days of the camp. ers of Police. j in the char.icter of her profes.sional men, 
 
 Satisfying himself on the permanency It might go without saying tha* Mr. [ xnd that they have most of them come 
 
 Daly was attracted to Rossland by the' 
 fame of the richness of our mines. It 
 naturally follows, too, that upon his ar- 
 rival here in January, 1897, he became 
 
 of the camp, Mr. Johnson began to look 
 about him for the most profitable invest 
 ments then open, and soon became ex 
 tensivelv interested in both city real es- 
 
 tate and valuab'.e mining prop-'rty. He almost immediately identified with the 
 opened his real estate and brokerage , great mining industry of the district. As 
 office here in the f?ll of '95, and was one of j an evidence of the uiiiversal esteem and 
 the small van of pioneer brokers of the ■ confidence in which he is held by niining j 
 district. men, investors and the general public t 
 
 rir. Johnson was one of the locators of; we append the following partial list ofj 
 the Big Four niining properties, now mi. ling companies, with which he is con- 
 
 from their Alma Mater in the eastern 
 provinces or from Englisli schools. We 
 may add, in concluding, that British 
 Columbia has just reason for pride in 
 her native sons. 
 
 JOHN KIRKUP, Esq. 
 
 ; Big 
 bonded to W. S. Corbould, of the Ciina 
 dian Pacific Exploration, Limited, and is 
 the owner of a number of very promising 
 claims near Ro.ssland. In connection i 
 with his real estate and general brokerage 
 business, he acts as general agent for the 
 Bruce (ioUl Mining Company, in which 
 the Goodeve B- jthers are extensively in- 
 terested, and of the Leap Year Gold ; 
 Mining Company, incorporated at London 
 Ontario. He also acts as general local ; 
 agent for some of l.ie "old line" insurance j 
 companies, of which the more important ; 
 are the Norwich Union of England ; The | 
 National, of Ireland ; The Ph(cui.», -^f i 
 Hartford and Lloyd's Plate Glass Insur- 1 
 ance Company. The rental and collec- 
 tion feature of his business is very import- 1 
 ant, and demands much of his attention. 
 
 J. B. Johnson was born in London, On- ' 
 tario ; but has been twelve years in British 
 Columbia. He came to Rorsland from 
 
 nected as an owner and an officer : 
 
 1. The Brandon & Golden Crown Mining 
 Company, 
 
 2. The Algonquin Con.solidated Mining 
 Company. 
 
 3. The British Columbia Southern Pros- 
 pecting Co. •■■ 
 
 4. The Rossland-Green Mountaln'*Min- 
 ing Co. 
 
 5. The Silver Queen Mining Company. 
 
 6. The Rosslatid-Slocan Development Co. 
 
 7. The Detroit Consolidated Mining Co. 
 
 JOHN S. CLUTE, Jr. 
 
 Birristsr ani Solicitjr. 
 
 T,\e name of Jack Kirkup will go down 
 to history not only as a fearless peace 
 officer, but as the one name that has con- 
 tributed most to the exdeptional regard 
 for law and order that has up to the pres- 
 ■ ent time prevailed in the Kootenays. 
 I John Kirkup was born neur Ottawa, 
 I Ontario, in 1855. He grew to manhood 
 and learned the trade of a carriage maker 
 i in his native Province. He went to Win- 
 ! nipeg, Manitoba, in 1876, and for a time 
 operated a ferry on the Red River of the 
 North, Ttie following year he came to 
 British Columbia and went to work at his 
 trade in Victoria. His first position a« a 
 . peace officer was on the police forct- of 
 : Victoria. Af\er about a years' service of 
 that city, he in 18S1, became a member 
 ; of the Provincial force. His duties as a 
 John S. Clute, Jr., is a native son of i government officer brought him to the 
 British Columbia. He was born at New \ Kootenays, where his name and fame be 
 Westminster, on March 23d, 1867, afid cam;; a warning to evil doers and a guar- 
 
 Hon. T. MAYNE DALY, Q. C. 
 
 New Westminster, where he was formerly was educated and grew to manhood in antee of law and order to all. He was 
 engaged In file real estate and brokerage his native citv. After his graduarttyR one of the first Government constables 
 business. Of his standing and reputation j from the Collegiate Institute of New '• for Vale district during the construction 
 in Rossland, there could hardly be a Westminster, he took up the study of | of the C. P. railroad, and btjcame widely 
 better index than the vote of our citizens , law in the office and under the precep- j known as "Jack" Kirkup, "Sheriff of the 
 at the late election, when Mr. Johnson ! torship of Judge Bole, now local judge of Kootenays." 
 
 was chosen to serve one of the cit_"'s first ; the Supreme Court of British Columbia, | Mr. Kirkup came to Ro.sslnnd in March 
 aldermen. ' j and was In 1893 admitted to the bar bv ' 189.S, direct from Victoria, but indirectly 
 
 — ^ i the Supreme Court of the Province. Ini- : from Revelstoke, where he had 1^ ' in 
 
 ' mediately following his admission, Mr | the Govenimenl service for the preceding 
 
 Clute began the practice of his profession : nine years. He came in accordance with 
 
 in Vpw Westminister. His first venture the Government appointment as Recorder. 
 
 outside of his native bailiwick was in the j He, however, retained his position with the 
 
 British Columbia is distinguished for summer of 1895, when he came with the ' Provincial Police, and, accordingly acted 
 
 the character of people she attracts to her 1 rush to the Trail Creek district. Arriving as chief constable of the town until its 
 
 gates, as well as for her phenomenal ; in Rossland, he found himself to be the ! incorporation, in \pril of the present 
 
 wealth of natural resources. Among i second regularly admitted barrister and 1 year. Mr, Kirkup makes as capable and 
 
 those in Rossland who have achieved | solicitor in the district. Mr. Clute is popular a Recorder as he Jtas alwaysbeen 
 
 lonors and distinction before casting somewhat prominent in fraternal circles, . a p.!ace officer. His modesty of demeanor 
 
 th -ir lot with us, none are more widely and the many brotherly greetings he re- \ and warm heart comport well with his 
 
 or favorably known throughout the Do- j celved and the friendly welcome by old j fine physiciue ami six feet, three, of 
 
 minion of Canada than the subject of neighbors who had preced"d him, added j stature ; ana it may be said of him that he 
 
 this sketch. to the oromise of an immediate clientage, | Is so kind of heart as he ./has ever been 
 
 Hon. T. Mayne Daly is senior member | decided him to "hang out his shingle" in j honest and fearless .In the discharge of 
 
 of tiie law firm of Daly & HamlUon, of| Rossland. | his duties. 
 
ute began 
 in<l under 
 11 also be 
 lerved his 
 gh stand- 
 l social cir- 
 urts of the 
 increasing 
 er British 
 }vinces, to 
 I. 
 
 1 qualities 
 H fraternal 
 ter in the 
 Deputy f"'' 
 is a pro- 
 K. of P., 
 
 olunm that 
 -sonnel and 
 ional men, 
 hem come 
 :he eastern 
 hools. We 
 liat British 
 ir pride in 
 
 Esq. 
 
 ifill go down 
 arless peace 
 hat has con- 
 onal regard 
 to the pres- 
 )tenays. 
 ear Ottawa, 
 
 manhood 
 riage maker 
 vent to Win- 
 
 1 for a time 
 tiver of the 
 he came to 
 1 work at his 
 osition a« a 
 ice force of 
 
 service of 
 : a member 
 duties as a 
 him to the 
 nd fame be- 
 and a guar- 
 U. He was 
 
 constables 
 construction 
 lame widely 
 iheriff of the 
 
 nd in March 
 indirectly 
 \ad ' . ' in 
 he preceding 
 irdance witli 
 as Recorder, 
 tion with the 
 dingly acted 
 ivn until its 
 the present 
 capable and 
 always been 
 of <lemeanor 
 veil with his 
 t, three, ot 
 if him that he 
 ever been 
 discharge of 
 
 T^ 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 23 
 
 FORiN & GALT. 
 
 Barristers and Soliciton. 
 
 P. McL. Forin and A. C. Gait, leading 
 barristers and solicitors of Rossland, form- 
 ed a co-pannership in May of the present 
 year. Besides their mutual professional 
 interests. Forin & Gait are owners of 
 some valuable mining properties now un- 
 dergoing development, and are interested 
 in several promising mining companies. 
 
 P. McL. Forin came to British Colum- 
 bia in 1891, and to Rossland in May, 
 i8g6. He was born in the Province of 
 Ontario. He was educated at Belleville 
 High School, and at the Toronto Uni- 
 versity, and studied law at the Inner 
 Temple, London, England. On return- 
 ing to Canada, he came to British Colum- 
 bia, and engaged in the practice of his 
 profession at New Westminster. He 
 subsequently removed his office to Van- 
 couver, and came from Vancouver to 
 Rossland. 
 
 A. C. Gait is also a native of the Pro- 
 viiice of Ontario. He was educated at 
 the Upper Canada College, and at the 
 Toronto University, and had attained 
 distinction in his prcfes.sion, at Toronto, 
 where he practiced for a number of years 
 before coming to British Columbia. Mr. 
 Gait came to the Province and to Ros.s- 
 land, in 1896. He is a member of the 
 family of Gaits, well-known in Canadian 
 politics and for the number of its able 
 professional men. 
 
 Among the many favors of Chance or 
 of Fortune, for which Rossland has 
 reas. n for gr.itification, the character and 
 standing of its pTofes.sional men is not the 
 least. Some have come from their Cana- 
 dian Alma Matt'i or a mere celebrated 
 school in FIngland, some from both, as in 
 the ease of Mr. Forin ; some have won 
 honors in the older provinces before 
 coming ; all, without a known exception, 
 are men of commendable attainments and 
 wortl. V character. 
 
 firm acted as agents for the Attorney 
 General of Canada, in the Province of On- 
 tario. In 1890 having withdrawn from 
 the firm, Mr. Nelson went to the North- 
 west Territory and engaged in the prac- 
 tice of law at Moose Jaw, where he be- 
 came prominent both as a barrister and 
 as a citizen. 
 
 Mr. Nelson came to the Trail Creek 
 district in August, 1896. It might also 
 go without saying that he very soon be- 
 came interested in mining to the extent 
 of investing, and that he owns and has 
 interests in some valuable properties. It 
 is worthy of note, however, that his in- 
 vestments and mining interests are more 
 'icidental to exceptional opportunities 
 ottered him and incidental to his resi- 
 dence in a mining district, than as indi- 
 cating that he will allow the alluring 
 promise of mining to interfere with his 
 chosen profession. 
 
 Having practised in the courts of two 
 Provinces, and having eaten salt with 
 men of all ranks of life from Premiers of 
 the dominion, to cowboys of the North- 
 west Territory, Mr. Nelson is a man of 
 wide experience, cir.d ::. exceptionally 
 well qualified both p.j a barrister for the 
 Province and as a valuable citizen of 
 Rossland. As a criminal lawyer, he 
 ranked first in the Territories, and many 
 a guilty cow-puncher and bronco-bu.ster 
 owes iiis liberty to Mr. Nelson's ad- 
 vocacy. 
 
 F. R. MENDENHALL, 
 
 General Mining Machinery. 
 
 30,000.00 
 
 20,000.00 
 
 7,ooo.co 
 
 5,000.00 
 
 25,000.00 
 
 2,500.00 
 
 5,000.00 
 15,000.00 
 2,000.00 
 2,500.00 
 2,500.00 
 10,000.00 
 2,000.00 
 4,000.00 
 4,000.00 
 4,000.00 
 1,000.00 
 1,500.00 
 
 W.J.NELSON. 
 
 Barrister. 
 
 The year 1S96 marked the arrival in j 
 Ro.ssland of many men prominent in 
 mining, business and professional circles. 
 W. J. Nel.son is one among the latter who ; 
 remaining, has established himself jK-r- . 
 ni...;..i.'ly and will pinctice his profession 1 
 in Rossland and in all the courts of the 
 Province. 
 
 Mr. Nelson was l)orn at Brampton, in 
 the coui.ty of Peel, Province of Ontario. 
 He was educated in the best .schools of : 
 his native Province, and studied law at Os- 
 good Hall, Inns of Court, at Toronto. He 
 engaged in the practice of his profession 
 at Toronto ; but went as a member, and 1 
 officer of the Queen's Own Rifles, of' 
 Canada, in 1885, to a.ssist in quelling the - 
 Reil rebellion. On being mustered out ; 
 of the service, he i-esumed Ihe practice of' 
 law, as a member of the firm of McDonald j 
 & Nelson, Barristers, of Toronto, which | 
 
 Notwithstanding all that has been 
 written of the wonderful richness of our 
 mines and the magic city which they 
 have built, neither could ever have been 
 but for the machinery which has rendered 
 po.s.sible the de* .lOpment of the fonner 
 and the consequent building of the latter. 
 It is fitting then that the agency which 
 has furnished the means whereby were 
 made Rossland and her mines should 
 occupy a prominent place in a historical 
 review of the camp. 
 
 F. R. Mendenhall is the pioneer ma- 
 chinery agent of Rossiland. He came to 
 the Trail Creek district in the summer ot 
 1895, and in October of the same year 
 began business as an agent of the Cana- 
 dian Rand Drill company, of Sherbrooke, 
 Quebec, and the Jenckes Machine com- 
 pany, for which companies he is now 
 general agent for the whole of British 
 Columbia. 
 
 If Mr. Mendenhall was fortunate in se- 
 curing the general agency of the f.'aiia- 
 dian Rand Drill company and the Jenckes 
 Machine ctmipany, those corporations 
 were no less fortunate in securing Mr. 
 Mendenhall as their general agent lor 
 British Columbia, for there is now inr e 
 Canadian Rand and Jenckes machinery in 
 use in British Columbia than all other 
 makes of machinery combined. In proof 
 of the preceding statement we append the 
 following list of well-known mires which 
 Mr. Mendenhall has fully or partially 
 equipped with machinery. 
 
 Le Roi cost of tnachinery ..|ti 50,000.00 
 
 War Kagle 
 
 O. K. 
 
 Red Mountain " " 
 
 Cliff 
 
 Kootcnay&Columbia'* ** 
 
 Iron Horse " " 
 
 Alberta " " 
 
 Comma ;ider " " 
 
 Crown Point " " 
 
 Palo Alto 
 
 Red Kagle " " 
 
 Blue Bird " 
 
 Nest Kgg " ". 
 
 Silver Bell 
 
 City of Spokan. " " 
 
 Monita " " 
 
 White Bear 
 
 St. Paul 
 
 Georgia " " 
 
 Great Western " " 
 
 Morning Star " " — 
 
 Hattie " '.' — 
 
 Mr. Mendenliall's oflSce is eligibly lo- 
 cated on Columbia avenue, Ro.s.sland, 
 and his commodious warehouse on the 
 Columbia & Western track affords excep- 
 tional facilities for receiving and forward- 
 ing machinery. The stock in store is 
 always sufficient to meet the immediate 
 demand and is being constantly replen- 
 ished from the factory. Mr. Mendenhall 
 attends in readiness to supply rock drills, 
 air compressors and all kinds of general 
 mining machinery at a day's notice. 
 
 V. R. Mendenhall was Iiorn in the 
 "Buckeye" state, but has Ijeen west for 
 the past ten years. He was, before com- 
 ing to Rossland, connected with the Parke 
 & Lacy Manufacturing company's branch 
 at Spokane, Washington. His experience 
 has ably fitted him for the responsible 
 position he holds as general agent of such 
 great corporations as the Caiiat^ian Rand 
 Drill company and the Jenckes Machine 
 company, and it is not too much to .say 
 Mr. Mendenhall has made the names of 
 those companies, in British Columbia as 
 elsewhere, a svnonym for quality and 
 durability in mining machinery. 
 
 CM.WELLER. 
 
 Sanitary Plumbsr. 
 
 C. M. Weller is a native of Wurtenberg 
 Germany, but came to the United States 
 when a youth. He was for a numlier of 
 years a resident of the state of Kansasand 
 later of Tacoma, Washington, from which 
 place he came to Rossland in August, 
 1896. He was fomierly connected with 
 the leading plumbing establishments of 
 Tacoma, and on arriving here immediate- 
 ly .set up shop and began business on his 
 own account. 
 
 Mr. Weller's shop is located on the S. 
 W. corner of Spokane street and Columbia 
 avenue, under one of the first hotel 
 buildings put up in Rossland. It is 
 equipped with all the latest iimiroveil 
 machine tools and appliances lor' the 
 modern plumbing shop, and is stocked 
 with everything necessary in the way of 
 lead and iron pipe, sheet metal for the 
 manufacture of bath-tubs, sinks, wa.sh- 
 stands, water clcsets, tubs, etc. 
 
24 
 
 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 
 
 I; 
 
 
 Mr. Wellerwill gladly submit estimates 
 for work in his line, and his praiseworthy 
 record for the past year in Rossland justi- 
 fies the assertion that any contract he 
 may enter into will be executed in the 
 most satisfactory manner and in strict ac- 
 cordance with specifications. 
 
 It might go without saying that Mr. 
 Weller can furnish references. He has 
 done much of the best work that has been 
 let since he came to Rossland, in evidence 
 of which we append the following brief 
 but representative list : Hoffman House, 
 Goodeve Block, Butte Hotel, Hotel Shaw, 
 Hotel Cardiff, Western Hotel, Goff build- 
 ing, the Bank building at Trail, residences 
 of H. S. Wallace, Charles R. Hamilton, 
 barrister, H. Stevens and others. 
 
 Address CM. Weller, Rossland, B. C, 
 P. O. Box 271. 
 
 THE BRITISH COLUMBIA 
 SMELTING & REFINING CO. 
 
 The officers of this smelter, which is 
 located at Trail Creek, B. C, are : Presi- 
 dent, F. A. Heinze; Gen'l Sup't (also of 
 Mr. Heinze's smelter at Butte, Mont.,) H. 
 C. Bellinger. This smelter began work 
 on Oct. loth, 1895, and the first furnace 
 was fired in February, 1896. There are 
 now five furnaces in full operation, and 
 additions under construction that will 
 fully treble the capacity of the works. 
 
 The Smelter now comprises; — The 
 Sampling Mill, daily cap. 300 to 500 tons ; 
 bin cap. in mill, 1000 tors. The ore pas- 
 sing through a iax22 inch Blake crusher, 
 to run through a troinmel, whence the 
 fines go to a Constant cylindrical sampler 
 and the over size to a 9x15 crusher and 
 rolls, and then to the sampler and into the 
 bins, until the lot of ore 13 settled, from 
 whence it goes to the calcinersor the bins 
 from which it can be drawn in the cars to 
 the blast furnace. This sampler is inad- 
 equate for the amovmt of ore offered, and 
 is now being enlarged so as to handle 350 
 to 550 tons per 34 hours. 
 
 In the Jfoast House is one O'Hara auto- 
 matic calcining furnace, with foundations 
 laid for a second. This furnace is 120 
 feet long over all, and has two 90 foot 
 hearths, one above the other, 9 feet wide. 
 One traveling chain passes along the cen- 
 ter of the hearths, carrying 6 plows and 6 
 trolleys or chain carriages, at the rate of 
 about 25 to 35 feet per minute, and as yet 
 very little repairs have been required, the 
 chain, plows and trolleys showing but lit- 
 tle sign of corrosion in the furnace. Fifly 
 tons of ore crushed to pass a half-inch 
 ring are roasted per day, with a loss of 70 
 per cent, of sulphur contents, the ore tak- 
 ing 12 to 14 hours to pass through the 
 furnaces in which ten fire places fired with 
 wood supply the heat. Besides this furn- 
 ace, there are in the furnace-room six 
 circular calciners, such as is used in Butte, 
 placed al)ove the reverberatories, the ore 
 automatically fed, passing over 6 horizon- 
 tal revolving hearths that discharge alter- 
 nately from the rim and center upon the 
 lower one, thence into the hoppers below 
 that are immediately over the hearth of 
 the reverberatory. It is designed in this 
 furnace that when once ignited no further 
 fuel will be needed than the .sulphur, but 
 they must run continuously, and on ac- 
 
 count of irregularity, until recently, in the 
 operation of the reverberatories, these 
 calciners have not been used. 
 
 The dust chamber is 180 feet long, 10x12 
 feet inside with walls from the sides every 
 10 feet, not over-lapping, but having a 
 clear space through the chambers to the 
 chimney, which is 140 feet high and 8>4 
 feet square inside. 
 
 Furnace Room, 60x310 feet, 68 feet to 
 peak of roof. The ore is being smelted 
 after two methods :— -(a) In four reverb- 
 eratories, hearths 14x22 feet, 40 tons each 
 per 24 hours, in charges of roasted and un- 
 roasted ores, slag and limestone are now 
 being treated. The fuel is wood, but as 
 this IS not yet dry enough to give the re- 
 quired heat, coal also is being used, over 
 70 tons a day, from the Antbmcite Coal 
 Co's mines, on the eastern limits of the 
 Rocky Mountains, whence it is brought 
 over ihe Canadian Pacific Railroad to Re- 
 velstoke, or Arrowhead, and thence in 
 scows down the Arrow Lakes and the Co- 
 lumbia to the smelter, whence it is raised 
 up an incline 160 feet by a small steam 
 hoist with cable and car, to a trestle along 
 which the car can be run to the shutes 
 wherever needed in the works; (b) In two 
 38x144 Rect. blast furnaces, with a cap- 
 acity of 200 tons each, floor water jacketed \ 
 with 14 four inch tuyeres, ore is now | 
 smelted. As the amount of sulphur in 
 these ores is low, and that in the pyrrho- 1 
 tite not available for fuel, as already it i | 
 natural matte, a typical form of pyrl ^ 
 smelting cannot be used, but more or less 
 fuel is necessary, and a very satisfactory 
 grade of coke is got from Fairhaven, 
 Washington, although it carries from 20 
 to 24 per cent. ash. A small amount of 
 limestone is added to the charge, but at 
 present a very acid slag, rather thick, but 
 giving a good separation, is flowing, but 
 very careful handling of the furnace is 
 imperative. 
 
 The bluff on which the smelter stands 
 is sand, but the top and face of the dump 
 120 feet high, is being covered with slag 
 that flows in sand gutters from the rever- 
 beratories, or is whee!ed out in the usual 
 slag-pots from the blast furnace ; but in t 
 short time all s!ag will run from the furn- 
 aces into water troughs, be granulated and 
 ; then swept out to the dump, which will 
 I be protected from scouring out by the slag 
 covering. 
 
 In the engine room are one 165H.P. Cor- 
 liss engine and two 125 H.P. engines each 
 electrical motors, built by the Canadian 
 Electric Co. Power for engines is furn- 
 ished by two Pelton wheels. Two No. 6 
 Root blowers are now used, but a No, 7 
 will be needed when the big blasting 
 I furnace is blown in. Power is transmitted 
 j by shafting, but mostly by wire cables 
 I running over large pulleys to different 
 I parts of the works. However, steam 
 power may soon be replaced by electricity 
 , as a plant is to he erected at the foot of 
 I the dump and supplied with Peltor. 
 ' wheels and water under a 250 foot head. 
 I On a tributary of the Columbia, not far 
 ! from Trail, a very large water power has 
 been secured by Mr. Heinze, who pro- 
 I poses the installation of an electric plant 
 ! for the distant transmission of electrical 
 energy which may be brought to the mines 
 as electricity has now become so success- 
 ful and economical a factor in mining else- 
 
 where. At present 200 to 220 tons of ore 
 per day are now being brought down from 
 Rossland by the Tramway, but this amount 
 will be greatly increased. 
 
 From 175 to 200 men are now employed 
 and w»">" "" these improvements are com- 
 pleted, this smelting plant will be well 
 equipped and capable of handling 350 to 
 400 tons of ore daily ; and if the demand 
 increases, a still larger plant can easily be 
 added. Again with the increased means 
 of transpot . and the buildingof roads into 
 our mineral producing districts, access to 
 other cla.ssEs of ore may greatly better and 
 cheapen the process of smelting. 
 
 Besides that with the Le Roi, contracts 
 have been made with the War Eagle, Iron 
 Mask and Crown Point. The recent re- 
 fining of and making two gold bricks, one 
 weighing 250 ounces and the other be- 
 tween 200 and 250 ounces, has created 
 much comment throughout the district. 
 
 E. S. TOPPING, Esq. 
 
 K S. Topping, Ksq., "The Father of Trail*' waa 
 bom in BufTolk county. N. Y., in 1844. His life if 
 written with regard to all the data at hand, would 
 read like a romance. He was a sailor boy at eleven 
 years of age. He was a contractor on the U. 
 P. Ry. in 1867, at the age of twenty-two. He was 
 an explorer and miner in the Yellowstone Park 
 In the early seventies and was the discoverer of the 
 Norris Gej^ser basin. In 1874 and 1875, he trapped 
 and hunted in the Sioux country, and took part 
 in some Fort Peace fights with the Indians. He 
 was with Gen. Crooks' expedition as a scout, and 
 was at the same time a correspondent for eastern 
 papers. 
 
 Mr Topping was a pioneer to the Black Hills, 
 and was fortunate in his locations and specula- 
 tion. He returned to Montana in 1883, and ac- 
 cepted a situation as a collector of facts and as a 
 writer fur Bancroft's history. He about this time 
 published a work of his own, entitled "Chronicles 
 of the Yellowstone." The following four years 
 wereunprofitably spent in working delusive pros- 
 pects in the Ccjcur d'Alcnea. 
 
 Mr. Topping came to Dritish Columbia in 1888. 
 He had the misfortune to meet with an accidental 
 gun-shot wound in his wrist, which laid him up 
 for some months, and exhausted his ready funds. 
 Nothing daunted, he began work as a fisherman 
 as soon as he was able to get out, and with one 
 hand -nly serx'icenble, cleared $100 per month 
 fislu.ig. He next took charge of a store, and 
 having become a Canadian citizen, was appointed 
 Recorder and Constable. 
 
 From this time on Mr. Topping's fortunes have 
 attained a more rosy hue. He has a double title 
 to the "Father of Trail," in the fact that it was 
 due to his advice ant' insistance that the discov- 
 erers of the now famous Le Koi continued pros- 
 pecting to a demonstration of thetichuess of the 
 on*, and to the added fact that he had laifl out and 
 built the now thriving town ot Trail, the firM 
 town in the Trail Creek district. 
 
 The town of Trail is most advantageously sit- 
 uated, not only for a trading point, but, as well 
 fur smelter.i and for manufacturii.g sites. It is at 
 the mouth of Trail Creek, oti the Columbia river. 
 The town is connected «ith the mines, sevtn 
 miles distant, by the C. W. Ry, and wiih all out- 
 side points by steamers on the Columbia. The 
 largest industry yet ill operation at Trail is Mr. 
 F. A. lleinxe's great smelter. A nnmbtr of other 
 industries necessary to a mining section, have 
 been eHtablished, and the town divides honors 
 with KosHland as a trade center ; but it will pro- 
 bably be as a manufacturing and smelting point 
 that Trail will excell all other places in the 
 Kootenays. 
 
 In concluding this \oo brief sketch, it should be 
 added that "The Father of Trail ' owns and oc- 
 cupies one of the finest residences in the town, 
 and is one of the most prominent, popular ond 
 esteemed citixens nf the district. 
 
ons of cire 
 down from 
 his amount 
 
 1 employed 
 ts are com- 
 U be well 
 ing350 to 
 le demand 
 »n easily be 
 sed means 
 if roads into 
 s, access to 
 f better and 
 
 i, contracts 
 Eagle, Iron 
 recent re- 
 i bricks, one 
 He other be- 
 has created 
 le district. 
 
 Esq. 
 
 r of Trail" wan 
 44. His life if 
 It hand, wouW 
 ir boy at eleven 
 tor on the U- 
 -two. He wa« 
 owstone Park 
 incoverer of the 
 i875, he trapped 
 and took part 
 ; Indians. He 
 as a scout, and 
 lent for eastern 
 
 ie Black Hills, 
 
 s and specula- 
 
 883, and ac- 
 
 facis and as a 
 
 about this time 
 
 Chronicles 
 
 g four years 
 
 delusive pros- 
 
 ed ' 
 
 unihia in 1888. 
 an accidental 
 laid him up 
 ready funds. 
 Bsherman 
 
 and with one 
 
 00 per month 
 if n store, and 
 was appointed 
 
 1 fortunes have 
 1 a doubli; title 
 
 that it was 
 lat the discov- 
 onlinurd pros- 
 richness of the 
 adlnid out and 
 Trail, tlie firs-t 
 
 tageously sit- 
 , hut, as well 
 , sites Itisat 
 oUmihia river, 
 mines, sevtn 
 wiih all ont- 
 tunihia. The 
 Trail is Mr. 
 umbtr of other 
 section, Imve 
 divides hijuors 
 lit it will pro- 
 melting point 
 places ill the 
 
 ch, it should he 
 
 owns and cc- 
 
 liil the town, 
 
 nt, popular and 
 
 It 
 
 Pcctiacnt, HON. GEO. E. FOSTER, M. P^ laU Miniiter of Finance, Ottawa, Ont. Secretwy. LEO H. SCHMIDT, Ro«Und, B. C 
 
 EDWARD C FINCH, Gcn«al Manager, RoMland, B. C 
 
 Silver Queen Mining Co, 
 
 (LDWrTED LIABIUTY.) 
 HEAD OFHCEt COLUHl-JIA AVENUE, ROSSLAND, B. C 
 
 Hon. Thomas Mavnb Daly, Q. C, 
 
 late M. P. and Minister of the Interior. 
 Kdwaru C. Pinch, Mining Operator. 
 Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Hon. Geo. B. Poster, m. P., 
 
 late Minister of finance. 
 William P. Havward, Mine Owner. 
 C. C. WOODHOCSB, Jr., Mining Engineer. 
 
 CONSULTING ENOINEER-C.C. Woodhouse, Jr., M 
 
 JosBrn B. Dabnrv, 
 
 Presidep* ' -eystone Mining Co. 
 Leo. H. Schmidt, Capiulist. 
 R. W. Grigor, Capiulist. 
 
 E. 
 
 CAPITAL. 
 
 $1 ,>S<>iOoo.oo; ahares, par value $1.00 
 each; treasury stock $350,000.00. 
 
 MINE. 
 
 The Silver Queen; location: Cariboo 
 creek camp, Slocan mining division. West 
 Kootenay, B. C. 
 
 TITLE. 
 
 All four claims have been surveyed 
 for a Crown Grant, which has been earned 
 and applied for, and will be issued at once. 
 
 DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 A total to date, August 10, 1897, of 160 
 feet of tunnel and 70 feet of open cut; a 
 cook house, bunk house and camp; a 
 blacksmith shop, ore dump end ore bunk- 
 ers have been built, and a great deal of 
 prospecting and stripping done. 
 
 SHOVtflNO. 
 
 Two well-defined leads, one of which 
 has been traced for about 3,000 feet, carry- 
 ing great width and strong values. 
 
 ASSAYS. 
 
 From jaot. to 400 oa. silver, trace to 
 I180 gold, small percentage of copper and 
 lead. 
 
 PROPERTY. 
 
 Four full claims, via.: the Black Pox, 
 the Red For, the Grey Wolf and Black 
 Diamond mineral claims, on Sncw creek, 
 in Cariboo creek camp, Slocan mining 
 division of West Kootenay, B. C. Recorded 
 at Nakusp, B. C, 
 
 
 
 CroucKiTUniiel- 
 
 CrosscHtTn 
 
 Ore 
 
 'ookhome and Camp 
 tulNo. I ^elevation djtoc/frl 
 Blatksmilh Shop 
 Ore Bunkers 
 
 Silver Queen Groti]). 
 
 Scale: I in.~Kooft, 
 Cariboo Creek Camp, Slo- 
 can Division, West Koot- 
 enay, B. C. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 The output of the Silver Queen will 
 find its way to the smelter via the Colum- 
 bia river, which is but a few miles distant 
 on an easy down grade. Upon this great 
 artery of commerxre, and but a few hours 
 distant from the Silver Queen mine, one 
 large smelter ind refinery is in operation 
 and another is under construction. Others 
 are projected, and a brisk competition for 
 the ore output of this vicinity does and 
 will exist, thus assuring a minimum 
 charge for its treatment. 
 
 FACILITIES FOR WORKING. 
 
 An abundance of timber suitable for 
 all its needs is on this property. A small 
 mountain stream crosses the Black Fox 
 claim near the mouth of tunnel No. i, 
 affords an abundance of water for general 
 purposes, while the turbulent Snow creek 
 near by offers a plentiful and never-failing 
 source of power for concentrators and 
 other machinery. 
 
 PLAN OP WORKING. 
 
 The plan of working the property as 
 laid out by its engineer, and now being 
 systematically carried out, is In keeping 
 with the magnitude of the proposition, 
 and consists of an elaborate system of tun- 
 nels, shafts and slopes, together with a 
 concentrator on Snow creek for treating 
 the low grade portion of the output. 
 
 INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 A Great Mine. 
 
 C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., the famous mining 
 engineer and mineralogist, after making a tho- 
 rough examination of^ the properties of this 
 company, was interviewed by a representative o( 
 a prominent eastern dailv, and expressed him- 
 self for publication as follows: "I think the Silver 
 Queen is one of the best mining propositions 
 I ever saw. It is not a case of hunting for ore, 
 it is one of mining high grade ore from the start. 
 Upon the estimates 1 nave made I find the actual 
 cash value of this ore to be aliout $65 per ton. 
 The cost of mining, shipping and treating it 
 should not exceed $30 per ton, IcaWng a profit 
 after all expenses and charges of about $43 per 
 ton. I predict that it will develop into one of 
 the greatest mines m the Slocnn district." 
 
 A Very Large Shipping Miiu. 
 
 The Rosslander recently said: "All indications 
 go to show that the Silver Queen has a very 
 tiromlsing proi»erty, which will develop with 
 only a moderate expenditure of money into a 
 very large shipping mine." 
 
 Of the Company's Capital Stock 
 
 350,000 snores nove m pu in me neoruiy 
 
 For the purpose of providing a Develop- 
 ment Fund. The proceeds of the sale of 
 this stock can be used for no other purpose 
 than that of placing the property on a ship- 
 ping basis, purchasing machinery, etc. 
 This Treasury Fund, despite the extensive 
 development which the property has al- 
 ready received, is still intact. The Com- 
 pany have now decided tu place on the 
 market a block of 
 
 50,000 snores d mis stock oi Ten cents per snore 
 
 It is good I It is remarkably cheap I Send 
 remittance through the Bank o( Montreal at 
 Russland if you wish, or send direct to the 
 Company. Address 
 
 KDWARD C. FINCH, GiiN'L Managrr, 
 
 Box 78, Rossland. B. C. 
 
 Looks Exceedingly W^elL 
 
 Thomas H. Praser, the noted South African 
 expert, who now represents Scotch capital in 
 British Columbia, recently visited the Silver 
 Queen, and in an interview for the Seattle Post 
 Intelligencer he spoke as follows of this property: 
 "The Silver Queen group is showing up exceed- 
 ingly well. The width of the lode is about 14 
 feet, of which several feet is solid mineral going 
 high up in the hundreds in silver and gold. 
 Development is being pushed." 
 
 A Silver and Gold Proposttion. 
 
 ^ipeaklng of the Silver Queen the Kossland 
 Miner recently said: "It is n silver and gold 
 proposition, the ore carrying good values in 
 those metals with a small percentage of copper 
 and lead. The main lead opened to a depth 
 of about 14 feet, carries five feet of ore acroaa 
 which many samples have been taken, the 
 general average of which have lieen 96 3.5 ounces 
 silver and overf^-oo gold."