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Tous les autras exemplairas originaux sont filmAs en commengant par la premiAre paga qui comporta una empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la darniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, il est filmA A partir de i'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, at de haut en bas. en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrent ia mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 m [NlW ! !: • 'Y ■■ ;, ■. ' 1 l:|,V, First History of Rosslani B* C WITH SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT Cm^NS, FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS. f I ly PUBLBHBDBY STUNDBN * ferine; RooUodi, B. C PRICE 50c /f^T THE MOUNTAINS. By Howaurd T. Lee. God loves the mountains. Since earth's primil days, When pony man awoke to light and life. His steps have haunted all their mystic ways, Above, remote from pettjr human strife. Man's monuments endure but for a day. But these eternal in their streng^th alway. How little all thing:s human builded seem I The noarbled pomp of proud imperial Rome ; The Tower of Babel, but a madman's dream j The boast of Grecian art, St. Peter's dome } The pig:my pyramids, the Pharaoh's pride. How like to motes our mig^hty peaks besides! We proudly choose some fondly cherished spot. And rear our shafts for future eyes to see, A little time, and lol our works are not ; They perish as the leaves that fall, but ye Have stood in strengfth since immemorial time. And still shall stand, forever more sublime. Beloved by Nature fond, the sun's first rays Bask on each crown in ecstasy of bliss With soft caress, and his last ling:erins blaze The towering: purple summits softly kiss. Ere yet he sinks within the golden west And leaves the world to solitude and rest. The mountains have been Freedom's safe retreat From tyraimy, since Time's first early dawn ; Here Liberty has fled with bleeding feet When in the plain all light and hope had flown ; And standing proudly on the towering height Has bid definance to the tytant's might. O mighty peaks, so all supremely grand ! Springing to meet the azure vault above, Warding from storm the slumbering, peaceful land, Bending o'er all with tender, ceaseless love ; Watch still, mute sentries, set by Him on high To guard us during life and point us to the sky. A History of Rossland and the Trail Creek District* WRITTEN BY HAROLD KINGSMUX. iNthe late fifties and the earlier years of the sixties, the province of British Colum- bia was the scene of placer gold mining excitements. Golden Cariboo, and Cassiar in the north were turning out their mil- lions of the yellow metal in nuggets and dust. When the news reached Victoria of the fabulously rich diggings on Wild Horse Creek in far away East Kootenay, there was another stampede; and to facili- tate the transportation of supplies, and to ensure a means of communication with Pacific coast points, the existing govern- ment undertook the construction of the now celebrated Dewdney trail. This trail started from Shope on the Krascr river and as nearly as possible paralleled the international boundary line to Wild Horse creek in East Kootenay. At the Columbia river crossing a small stream was followed from its mouth to its source, and from this fact was called Trail creek. The work of construction was under the direct supervision of Edgar Dewdney, a young civil engineer, and now lieutenant- governor of this province. This part of the trail was completed in the summer of 1861. This is also the first authentic account of the advent of the white man in the now celebrated Trail CreeV: district, though it is presumed that the trappers and traders of the Hudson Bay company had been through the country many years an- terior to the advent of trail builders' visit. It is definitely knc n that these early pioneers did not find any evidences of the existence of the mineral deposits of this camp. How they missed it is a wonder, and is only explaineil by the fact that they did not want quartz mines, and would not have been in a position, by reason of transportation, smelting, and other difHculties, to have worked them successfully. Nothing is now known of the district's history, or lack of it, for a period of twenty-five years. In the years 1884, 1885 and 1886, a pla- cer excitement on Rock creek, some eighty miles to the west of Trail creek, and the discovery of a fine free milling gold quartz lead on the Cariboo claim, caused not a little excitement among the few hardy pioneers who were in the coun- try at that time. As a direct consequence of this strike a few venturesome spirits started prospecting all over the surround- ing country. Two prospectors, George Bow- emian and George Leyson, pushed their way eastward, following the course of the old Dewdney trail as nearly as possible. In July, 1887, they uncovere<l ore on what is now known as the Lily May mine- Retracing their steps to Rock creek they exhibited their samples and a small ex- citement was caused at once. The ore was there as.sayed by a man named Reed, and the results obtained were, as nearly as Bowerman remembers, 242 and 276 ounces in silver to the ton, with very fair values in lead and gold. They returned to the claim and commenced work. A shaft was started and for the first week develop- ment proved the claim a txinanza, but be- fore it had attained a depth of twenty feet, in mining parlance, they had blown out all the ore in sight, and the walls of vein came together so that a knife blade could not be placed between them. They at once became discouraged, al)andoned the location, and left the country. Leyson never returned to the camp, but la.st sum- mer George Bowerman held a position as foreman on the Mayflower mine, within sight of his camp of nine years before. The same summer a party consisting of the Thrasher Brothers, Billy Moore, Rice and Mike Mahoney came over the Dewd- ney trail from Rock creek. However they only stayed two days in the district, and contrary to much that has been written, did not visit the Red mountain. Discouraged, like Bowerman and Ley.son l^efore them, they left the country. In the following year but one, Oliver Bonleau and Newlin Hoover relocated Bowerman's old find, naming it the Lily May'. Hoover and Bordeau innnediately went to work on th'; property, and continued develop- ment work with a fair degree of success throuxhout the winter of 1889-90. In July, 1890, Joseph Moris and Joseph Bour- geois (both men had been working with Bordeau during the previous winter), dur- ing the latter's absence at Nelson, left his employ and started on a prospecting trip. They discovered ore on Red mountain, about a mile and one half to the north- east of the Lily May, and staked in one day the following claims: the Le Roi, War Eagle, Centre Star, Virginia and Idaho. A group of claims, a low estimate of the value of which is ^15,000,000.00. At that time Nelson was the only record- ing office in the district, and thither wen» wen the pair to have their claims recorded, and assays made on the ore. While there they met E. S. Topping, and, under the law l)eing unable to hold more than two (one each) locations on the same ledge, and as the Le Roi, Centre Star and Idaho appeared to be located on the same lead, they offered him his choice of the gi-'up upon the condition that he should pay the costs of recording the five claims. The ore was assayed by the late G. E. R. Ellis of Nelson, aiid the following results obtained: the LeRoi ore went I38.00 and |!4o.oo in gold; the War Eagle I24; and the Centre Star showed about the same values. The V'irginia ore only gave fio per ton in gold. No ore had been taken from the Iron Mask. Top- ping accepted the offer and chose the Le Roi on account of the better rcsiilts ob- tained. He then made a trip to the camp, prepared to make his residence there and open up his find. Topping carefully sampled the property, and armed with assay certificates and splendid ore sam- ples he went to Spokane, where he in- duced a syndicate with Mr. Oliver Durant at its head to take a lK>nd on '^ or a con- trolling interest in the property tor |!l6,ooo.oo. The news of the strike spreading around Nelson caused a regular stampede to the new Eldorado, and a .small army of pros- pectors were soon in the camp, and in July, 1890, Satn St. Onge, Fred Cabana, Bill Springer, Charlie Dronin, Sam Cres- ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTJUCT 4 'A tow, Harry Shcran and Jemmy Maher. anil others arrived in the district. Among others, the following locations nia<le by them are still alive, though none of them are in the hands of the locators. The Monte Cristo, Iron Horse, Knterprise, Josie, St. Elmo, Mountain View, Columbia and C. and C. Next came George C. Tunstall, Tom Wanl, I'hil Aspinwall, Billy Perdue, Joe Midl- and (now dead), Billy Sheffield, George Sheppard, Alec Currie, Felix Ruel, Tom Duffy, and Jimmy Johnson. Their lo- cations were the Consolidated St. Rlmo, Kootenay,, Zilor, Iron Colt, Gopher, Georgia, Pride of Trail Creek, Cliff and Mayflower. Ore from the last mentioned went 1 20 ounces in silver and fliz.oo in gold. As .soon as practicable after he had Ixin- ded the Le Roi, Mr. Durant commenced operations on the mine. K. J. Kelly was foreman. During the winter the new owners bought the mine outright from Topping. About the .same time Mr. Dur- ant disposed of his interest in the Le Roi bond, and immediately bonded the Centre Star from the original locators. In a de- sultory manner development was kept going on the he Roi, and in the fall of 1891, seven tons of ore was packed out to the Columbia river on mules' backs, and from that point shipped to one of the many snielters at Butte, Montana. The returns from this ore showed a combined gold and copper value of II84.60 per ton. Except on the Le Roi little or no work was being done elsewhere in the camp, though a 2,500 pound shipment from the Iron Masl went J23.00 in gold; and Du- rant and Tarbet in 1892 had shipped a few tons from the Centre Star, the results of which are not obtainable. Then came a period in .vhich the future of the camp was iKith black and gloomy, but the strike of a fine Ixxly of ore in the Le Roi made this property a mine beyond perad venture. The War Eagle was also l)onded to Du- rant and Tarliet, who threw the l)ond up after some work. In 1893 it was Ixinded to Mr. Pugh of the Pyritic Smelting com- pany, of San Francisco. An expert by the name of McMillan was sent in to examine the property, and he not onlv condemned it. but he condemned the whole camp, which caused tlie San Fran- cisco company to quit. In October of the satne year it was 1)onded to Wake- field, Roberts and Corbin, who, in March, 1K94, took Patsy Clatk and his associates in on the Imnd. During the summer of iSg^, the Le Roi company, aided financially by the provin- cial government, undertook the construc- tion of the wagon road to Trail landing, for the dual purpose of bringing in machinery and hauling out ore. In August, 1893, Brig Atkinson started haul- ing ore from the Le Roi to Trail, an<l the I^e Roi company has been shipping ore ever since. In the same year Ftank Loring, on the strength of some large assays, bonded the Josie for Patsy Clark, but Clark after- wards declared he had been salted, as he only obtained p.oo gold values. From the same pulp luring got returns as high as 1(40.00 in gold. Loring then made Clark a proposition to take the l)ond off his hands, which was accepted. Mr. Lor- ing took the Sonnemann Brothers, of Kellogg, Idaho, in with him, and they immediately began work. George Sonne- mann carefully sampled the dump all summer, but could never get more than |t20.oo in gold per ton from the ore. In the fall of 1894 Joseph L. Warner sampled the dump, and on the strength of the assays made by himself purchased it, and made a shipment of some 70 odd tons to a Tacoma smelter. He got I43.00 per ton from the smelter. Up to this time assay- ers apparently had been unable to deter- mine the value of the ore. Ellis, who had made the first assays for Topping, Moris and Bourgeois, l)eing the only one whose assays ran even with the smelting returns. In the sunmier of 1894, Ed. Havey and the Carter Bros., then owners of the Nickel Plate, put a hoist on this property and sank the shaft to a depth of 66 feet. About the same time Patsy Clark had a most careful survey made of the workings of the War Eagle, and it was found that the tunnel had left the ledge, and instead of following the course of the vein (south- west) that the tunnel had been driven due west, consequently nmch to the north of the vein. A crosscut was started for the vein and reached it in seventy feet. Then the War F^agle was a mine. During the satne summer F.il. Welch and his partner Sam Morris had located the fSold Hill property on Granite Moun- tain. They commenced work on a shaft and in Octol)er of the same year they shipped twelve tons of ore. The Smelter returns did not show nearly the values that the ore was supposed to contain, so Welch and Morris lost mrney on the en- terprise. On December 4t1i, 1894, Patsy Clark and his as.sociates jMld off the Ixind on the War Eagle group, which then consisted of the War Eagle, Iron Mask and Virginia. The purchase price b^ing 123,000. This done they innnediately entered into a contract with the East Helena Montana Smelting Co, to furnish them a minimum of 1000 tons per month of War Eagle. The purchase of the War Eagle and the terms of this contract were given much publicity by the Spoiesman-Zfetieti' and other papers in the State of Washington, and inmiediately the Trail Creek district became the cynosure of the eyes of every prospector and mining man in the north- west. The stampede which resulted in giving the Trail Creek camp, a world wide reputation at once began. From that moment to the present day there never has been a doubt as to the wonderful future of this more wonderful camp. In January 1895 nearly every well known prospector in the northwest was heading for Trail Creek, and by the middle of March every available piece of ground had been located, in fact in some places several locations had been made to cover one vacant claim. Capital soon followed and among a host others the following well known operators were early on the ground. John M. Burke, J B. Jones, C. S. Warren, A. W. McCune, A. E. Humph- reys, Chas. Sweeney, S. I. Silverman, and L. P. Merrill. Early in the month of April every claim within a close radius of Red Mountain had been Ixjwded, disputes involving title to good mineral claims notably in the case of the present West Le Roi and Josie consolidated, had been adjustetl and forces of men put to work on the various properties, clearing away brush, trees and other obstacles prepara- tory to work of deep mining. In June the snow had entirely disap- p».ared and the hills adjacent and tribu- tary to the Trail Creek camp were literally alive with men, prospecting for precious metals. The Commander and Crown Point mines are the two most important finds of the early months of the year 1895. In July oi}erations were resumed on the Centre Star, a property which had laid idle for three years, and from the Jutnljo on the West to the Kootenay on the east mining development was being carried on on nearly every claim. Orders for the iii.stallation of compres.sor and hoisting plants were of frequent occurrence, and slowly but surely the Trail Creek district assumed the healthy app-'arance of a prosperous mining camp. Without a doubt the greatest and most important event of the year was the signing of an ore contract by the Le Roi Mining and Smelting Company with Mr. F. A. Heinze. The contract called for 75,000 tons of Le Roi ore to be delivered to Mr. Hein/.e on the Le Roi clump, he to move and treat the ore at > 11.00 per ton. This contract in :idilitioii to clearlv fore- I ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL C31EEK DISTRICT I them a niinimuin th of War KaKle. ar Kagle and the were ({iveii much •s»Han-Jiei>ini> and te of Washington, rail Creek district ■ the eyes of every man in the north- which resulted in :amp, a world wide gan. From that day there never to the wonderful nderful camp. In very well known west was heading )y the middle of piece of ground ct in some places !en made to cover lital soon followed ers the following were early on the :e, J B. Jones, C. .S. !, A. E. Humph- I. Silverman, and in the month of n a close radius of ti bonded, disputes d mineral claims the present West lidated, had been nen put to work es, clearing away jbstacles prepara- ning. d entirely disap- jacent and tribu- amp were literally :ting for precious ider and Crown most important IS of the year 1895. re resumed on the which had laid from the JumlK) enay on the east s being carried oM Orders for the sor and hoisting t occurrence, and lil Creek district appearance of a ). reatest and most e year was the ct by the Le Roi impany with Mr. intract called for ; to be delivered Roi dump, he to It $11.00 per ton. I to dcarlv fore- stalling the speedy erection of a smelting plant in close proximity to the mines of the camp reduced the figure of freight of the record of the camp, and need have and farm product', .\ccordingly, in the no fear for its future. The reajions for ; following month, the owners, Mr. Tlioniii- this belief are manifold. The construe- • son having in the meantime traded mi and treatment of sulphide ores five dollars I tion of the Crow's Nest I'ass railway will interest in the lownsite to John R. Cook, and fifty cents per ton, thereby giving | reduce materially the cost of smelting, struck a bargain with J. Kred Rili-hie. much encouragement to the ownersoflow i and though the Le Roi smelter is being then the leading land surveyor at Nelst)n, grade ores. Too much cannot be .said in j built in the dominions of I'ncle Sam, it and the townsite was platted. It was dt- praise of Mr. Heinze for his unbounded will no doubt give much needed compe- cided to call the town Thompson, in faith in the Trail Creek district at a period tition in the smelting business, thereby honor of its locator, but this name not when mining development had not nearly helping the owners of Trail Creeks' mam- being sonorous enough, at least so con- proved the possibilities of the district as I moth deposits of low grade sulphide ores, sidered by the postal authorities, who they are known to-day. j j al.so raised the point that the name The place of erection of the .Smelter at ! poRMATION OF THE DISTRICT i would conflict with villages of the same first caused nmch speculation, but the ' j nomenclature in other parts of the prov- ground for the works was broken at Trail In the formation of the district the pre- ince, a change was made to Rosslaiul. in September, and the work of construe- j vailing rock is a greenstone in all its Lots were immediately placed on sale, tion carried rapidly forward. The plant ! various refinements of nomenclature, but William Melville (otherwise Judge) New- was first placed in operation in February j mostly diorite, syenite, porphyry— tlioritc ton having been made agent for the town- of the following year and has from that i of all shades and textures, owing to its site company. . day employed aoo men in ths reiluction ' constituents, viz.: feldspar, pyroxene and The choicest lots readily brought Jt.^o.oo of Trail Creek ores. hornblende l)eing variously proportioned, apiece, the purchasers mainly being the In the year 1895 development work j These nioimtain masses of diorite are prospectors and miners who had actjuiri-il proceeded steadily onward in the mines | riven in .several directions, but mainly on mining interests in the camp. David of the camp. Kach day's work showed up , east and west lines, by a series of true ' Stussi Was the first to erect a small buihl- more ore in sight tb n the day before. 1 fis.sure veins. The.se veins are filled with ■ ing out of lumlx-r that had been saved Innumerable companiL-s good, fly-by-night i a massive mixture of iron and copper sul- from the raging waters of the Columbia and indifferent were formed for the de- \ phides, consisting of a pyrile, chalco- at Boundary City. This building stood on velopment of the Trail Creek mines; and j pyrite. arseno-pyrite, pyrrhotite and mis- ' the site of the present Pacific hotel, near hundreds of thousands of shares were | pickel, in a quartz and calcspar gangue. the west end of Columbia avenue. He placed throughout the length and breadth I This ore is not often crystallized, but is put in a limited stock of goods, and in of the land. Much has been said for and against this method of obtaining funds for the development of mines and the usually in a solid amorphous mass, carry- ' addition his store constituted the post- ing one to three ounces in gold, three to office of the place. The next building was built by Thomas Miller and John McDonald out of hewn logs. This build- ing was recently torn down, and its site is now occupied by the handsome block of (ioodeve Brothers, the ilruggists. For a perio<l of one year this building was used as the offices of the Provincial ten per cent, copper, and a small, varying writer in this article has neither the space amount of silver, usually less than ten nor the inclination to argue the question ounces to the ton. one way or the ■ other. However the Had Ross Thompson l>een paid prompt- actual mining development ca Tied on in ly for the work he did in a sawmill at the camp during the two previous years Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, in the summer of was certainly the only means of convinc- 1891, the site of what is now destined to ing the promoters of two railroad com- be the largest city in the interior of the | Government at Rossland, ami in addition panies that the mines of the camp yielded province of British Columbia would have ' to being the recording office of the dis- enough tonnage of ore and other business another name tha- Rossland. Ross I trict, it was also the gaol and the court to warrant construction. Th? Columbia Thompson landed at Trail in the fall of house. The third building was soon and Western was completed in June 1896, 1891, and after some prospecting trips ; afterwards erected at the north-west cor- the Red Mountain (a branch of the Spo- through the district, he concluded that , ner of Columbia avenue an«i Spokane kane Falls and Northern) six months the Trail Creek district was good enough street by John Kdgren, who, upon its later. for him, and witn an eye to future busi- completion opened a small store. About The resume comes to the Trail Creek ness he filed a pre-emption on the one the same time the townsite company camp of to-day, its merits and demerits. Tiie consensus of opinion of unbiased mining men being that "t is without a peer (for its age and advantages) as a gold copper producer in .America. Six mines are we2kly shipping an rggregate commenced the erection of the Clifton hotel. This building was completed early in July, and on the twelfth day of that month it was opened by Alex. I,ynch (at hundred and sixty acres that are now covered by the city of Rossland. In May, 1892, he built a log cabin now , ! occupied by the store of Enipey Bros, and I a barber shop, on the south side of Coluin- ] present local manager of Thomas Wilson I bia avenue. In June he moved into it, : &. Co., of this city), and J. M. Stewart, of 2000 tons, the value of which may be and for three years, in addition to l)eing Mes-srs. Lynch and .Stewart brought a roughly placed at $50,033. Development the home of the builder, it was a refuge .stock of goods from Trail, and opened a work in half a dozen other properties : at times fr revery old timer in the district small store in the CliTton in the space now warrants the belief that this present out- who was unable to get the bearings of his occupied by the dining room. Karly in put will be doubled if not trebled during i own habitation. \ August Ross Thompson started work on the coming year. In May, 1894, Mr. Thompson obtained ! the Rossland hotel building; and Rlie The pnst and present of this camp cer- a crown grant for hispre-emption, and he ! Lavalley built a habitation for his shoc- tainly rroclaims in no unmistakable then, with much wisdom, concluded that i making business and family on Spokane terms what its future will be. Its be- the land was much better adapted for 1 street. With many alterations this build- jievers certainly have reason to be proud town lots than for .trrowing garden truck ' ing now constitutes the Spokane hotel. ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT Loiiin Blue, in July, brought in a port- 1 tible saw mill from Stevens county, state of VVaNhington, and in August started sawing lumber on an order from Stack and McDonnell, for the Grand hotel. Mc- IXmnell himself going to work in the mill. From that lime the town began to grow slowly. Q^rraher and Manly of Grand Forks established a butcher shop. This .shop was located on Spokane street, and is now the place of business of the Okanogan meat market. Next, Joseph C. Luckenbel put up a building on Colum- bia avenue for the purposes of a bath house and'barlier shop. At this time this building was the only one on the south side of Columbia avenue, and was con- sidered to be in the outskirts of the new village. Today this building is almost in the heart of the city. For the past year it has Ijeen the home of the Bank of British North America. Shortly afterwanls David .Stus.si built himself a dwelling house on the lot where the Crescent dry goods store now stands, and Joe V'ogel, a well- known character of the camp, erected a log cabin where Hunter Brothers general merchandise store is now situated. To the north of tlie townsite, in the afterwards somewhat cla.s,sic regions of the famous Sour Dough, protiably twenty or thirty prospectors and miners, either unable or u' willing to purchase lots on the town- site, had reared their humble homes. This was the Ro.ssland of the days when the wonderful .strike was made in the War Eagle. In November, this mine's management signing a contract to ship 250 tons of ore per week for three months, attracted the attention of outsiders. George Tunstall, of Nelson, erected the store and office building now occupied by C. O. Lalonde and the Reddin-Jackson Co. Dad McKellar, in December, put a stage on the Northportroad, and transient travel at once increased to an alarming extent, sleeping accommodations especi- ally being taxed to their utmost; a lied was often unobtainable, while shakedowns were at a premium. By the first of January, 1895, the town of Rossland consisted of about half a hun- dred buildings, cabins and shacks, the inhabitants of which numbered two hnn- dred .souls. As yet there had been no rapid rise in the value of real estate, though lots on Columbia avenue were changing hands for figures ranging from seventy-five to two hundred dollars. The population at this time consisted chiefly of the most typical types of the hardy western miner and prospector. The town contained no gaol, constable or other peace officer, anil none were needed; a fact which speaks in most glowing termsof the charac- ter of the men and women who were the pioneers of the now thriving city of Ross- land. Although at this time the town had the most congested means of com- munication with the outside world, there has been no very material change in the prices of the necessaries of life; flour was two dollars aud one half per hundred- weight, and v'hisky sold at the usual western price of twelve and a half cents per drink. In the middle of January G. A. Bigelow, Chas. Van Ness, W. R. Will, John Malone, W. F. TeeUel, J. H. Nolan, George Tun- stall and other business men from Nelson and New Denver, looked the town over, bought thirty lots, let contracts for build- ings, and in less than thirty days from that time Mr. Van Ness was doing business in a two story building, now known as the War Eagle hotel, and Mr. Bigelow was selling merchandise in the largest building in the town. This building, with a few changes, is now occupied by A. McBride & Co., the hardware merchants. Lots had quickly advanced, the best in- sides being held at five hundred dollars. There was no boom; that is, lots were not being sold to real estate speculators. Purchasers in the main were men who be- lieved the town had a future, and believ- ing so embarked in business in it. They said, here is a camp in which hoisting works were erected at the mines liefore saloons were built; one whose payroll is all within a radius of two and one hab miles of Rossland, consequently there must lie substantial reasons for the exist- ence of a big city. February saw the commencement of the building boom. In rapid succession did the inception of one building loUow the completion of another. Hunter Bro- thers came to Rossland during this month j from Coulee City, and were soon im- ! pressed with the business activity of the I place, and the second day after their ar- j rival they purchased for a mode.st price (judged by its present value), from Joe Vogel, the lot upon which their com- modious store building now stands. A contract for the erection of the store was let, and before the first of April they were doing business. Almstrom Brothers, of Northport, had erected and were occupy- ing the Victoria hotel. Lange and Peter- son had opened the pioneer restaurant of the town in the building now occupied by the Spc''"ne hotel. Keefer and Hall were doing a iii.'"*' business in the cigar and tobacco line in a small store in the rear of the Grand hotel on Spokane street. The month of Pehrnary nlno saw the establishment of the first newspaper in Rossland. The first copy of a ncw.spuper ever printetl in the town appeareil on Thurwlay, February j8th, although two issues of the /tossland Record had been issued previously, Ijcfore Eber C. Smith, the proprietor of the paper, had been able to get a team to haul up the plant from Northport, so busy were the freight- ers hauling lumber. The paper was a very creditAble production indeed, and spoke volumes for the stability an<l energy of the new town. When the Record came to Rossland its plant and composing room occupied the space over Edgren's general merchandise store at the corner of Spokane street and Colum- bia avenue. On March ind, i895,in its first issue, the Rossland Miner, which was temporarily housed in Ross Thompson's long suffering cabin, tersely summed up Rossland as follows: "Rossland has already four hotels, three restaurants, three general mer- chandise stores, three fruit and news stores, two barber shops, one bath house, one bakery, one tin shop, one black- smith shop, one shoemaker shop, three doctors, one lawyer, one landsurveyor, one custom house, two saw mills, two newspapers, and neither a real estate agent or a constable. Justice is dispensed by one justice of the peace, and straight •hisky by four bartenders. The town is »'.1.»rly, and there are already more than |v ugh children to start a school." The I Miner at that period was owned by \ Messrs. Houston (now mayor) and Dake, of Nelson. David B. Bogle was the editor. The Miner in its original dress was a three column eight page paper, and had the distinction of being printed on book paper. For many months the Rossland Record and Rossland Miner had the jour- nalistic and job printing business to them- selves. Well and ably too did they cover the field. March, 1895, was a very important month in the history of the new town. j Great was the building and many were the changes. The early operation of the plant ot the Nelson Sawmill company, which was situated down on Trail creek, almost on the present site of the power house of the Rossland Water and Light company, at once relieved the pressure at which Louis Blue's mill was being run, aud for a time the lumber famine, which had l)een hampering the erection of many buildings, was relieved to a great extent. Though two saw mills were running day and night, and a mill at Northport was shipping lumber to Rossland as fast as ' nary also saw the rst newspaper in py of a newspaper own appeared on ith, althou)(h two Record had been re Eber C. Smith, paper, had l)een haul up the plant f were the freiKlit- The paper was a ition indeed, and the stability and town. When the ,nd its plant and ed the space over chandise store at street and Colum- n its first issue, the 1 was temporarily on'slong suffering I up Rossland as ilready four hotels, ree general mer- ; fruit and news )s, one bath house, shop, one black- naker shop, three Dne landsurveyor, iro saw mills, two ler a real estate ustice is dispensed eace, and straight lers. The town is ilready more than rt a school." The was owned by mayor) and Dake, Bogle was the original dress was ige paper, and had printed on book iths the Rossland finer had the jour- ; business to them- too did they cover very important of the new town. ; and many were y operation of the awmill company, n\ on Trail creek, site of the power Water and Light red the pressure at 11 was being run, • t)er famine, which e erection of many to a great extent, were running day at Northport was isslaiid as fast as if ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL caiEEK DISTRICT teams could haul, building affairs were in a most congested state. During this month .vork was started on the Ritchie block for J. Fred. Ritchie and Brig At- kinson. (>us Wassholm built the Moun- tain View (now the Clarendon Hotel). W. K. Teetzel built the block now occu- pied by the drug store of McLean & Morrow and the Vancouver Cigar store. H. P. McLean was the pioneer druggist in the then thriving town, and has been doing business ever since at the same place in which he opened, though for a few weeks he was temporarily installed in G. A. Bigelow & Co's general merchandise store. R. A. Spencer built the Howard Hotel during the month and at the same time Jones & McDonald opened up the Belmont Hotel on Sour Dough Alley. The recording office for the district, which up to the present time had been loca- ted at Trail, to the great inconvenience of every mining man, miner and prospector in the district, was moved to Rossland, and Wm. Newton was temporarily ap- pointed recorder. However, his arbitrary methods of doing business for miners and prospectors demanded a change, and the appointment of John Kirkup as recorder and Government agent gave general sat- isfaction. The recording office was at once moved from the Custom House to McDonald & Miller's log building at tie east end of Columbia Avenue. In January the Dominion Government made Rossland a sub-port of entry to the port of New Westminster. W. S. Jones was appointed collector. At this period the Government strenuously objected to opening a Customs office here, averring that the office would not pay running ex- penses. It was only upon the manage- ment of the War Eagle Company agreeihg to pay the Collector's salary that the office was opened. For a period of four weeks Rossland's Collector was without an office building and obligingly did busi- ness at all hours of the day and night to accommodate the merchants and business men of the town. In March, "Spud" Murphy also' com- pleted the Rossland Spring Brewery, and applied for license to commence opera- tions, the initial capacity of the brewery l>eing fifteen barrels per day. At this period of the town's hi.story all the buildings were erected within a close radius of the Clifton Hotel, and for many months events gave the impression that the main business portion of the town would gradually work its way westward, but the townsite company declined to re- move the rock bluff, which to this day is a veritable bete noir to this portion of the city. Between the Ritchie block iind the present Kootcnay Hotel, then the eiist'Tn limits ofthe town, the creek passing down Centre Star guU-li seemed to cut off what is now the best Imsiness part of the city. However, the "rection of ii tailor shop by J. All)ano, in the building now occupied by I'aterson, Johnson &. Co., the construction of the White House building and the Kootenay Hotel, at once and forever set- tled the direction in which the position ofthe business portion of the town would be. i-\)M after work was commenced on the Kootenay Hotel, the Rossland Miner people built the building, at least a jx)r- tion of it, which now stands at the north east corner of Washington and Columbia avenue, where Martin Bros, arc conduc- ting their hardwar" I -siness. Though all this building was going on in the east end of the town, it must not be presumed that this section of the town had all the improvements, for buildings were be- ing erected very quickly in the west end ofthe avenup. During March and April, David Stussi erected the Stussi block, the main portion of which since its completion has been occupied by the book .store of Mr. H. 3 Wallace. The portion of the building now occupied by the Ensign Cigar store, Mr. Stussi utilized as the post office, and though only ten feet wide and forty feet long, for six months it had ample space for the modest needs of the town. A. J. Shirley's was the pioneer bakery ofthe town, though Billy Kellem was running a bakery in connection with his restaurant. His building stood on the 1 lot now occupied by Travers' hardware I store. About the same time too 'Bob' Lemon ! the irrepresiible one of the pioneer mer- 1 chants of Nelson, Three Forks and other i places in the upper country, arrived in town ai,d bought the lot to the west of ! the War Eagle Hotel and commenced the I erection of one of the very first lath and ; plastered buildings in the town. On the completion of the building Mr. Lemon moved in one of the most complete stocks I of mining supplies ever seen in the country, bringing it from his store at ' Three Fo-ks, a town which upon the \ birth of Sandon as the natural supply : point ofthe mines of Carpenter Creek, on the Slocan, was rapidly becoming deserted. James Price, the tailor, in .■\pril erected ; the building in which he has been doing i business ever since. Bill Perdue and Pat i Burns arrived about the .same time, and i from that time on the corner on porter- I house steaks and sweet breads was "off'." ! This firm first opened in the Teetzel I building, next door to the drug store of McLi'an & Morrow, pending the erection of the hanilHoine shop on .SjMikaiie stri'cl in which they havi' liren doing luisims-. ever since. Hilly Perdue has since left the partnership. Charles W. Clnett whs the pioneer assayer and had his oiliceand furv.HCe r(«>ni in a shack to the rear of Kellem's restauriint, which was situated right at the head of .Spokane stre<'i imd was the western terminus of Sour Dough Alley. Prank Davey came next in the asiiaying business, his domicile is now the home ofthe yuecu restaurant next to Jerry Spellniau's hotel. Jerry, too, is an old timer, and has l)een the only tenant of the Rossland hotel. Dr. Kellar was the pioneer light of the medical profes- sion, settling here in the latter part of January. Towards the end of February, he put up his house and office building on the lot to the east of the recording office. Dr. Bowes came soon after, anil he also in the spring built the house on Columbia avenue, which he occupied until last fall. At this period this house was the only building on the south side of Columbia avenue, east of the Luckenbcl block. By the first tlay of June, all the buildings nientioned above as l)eing in the course of erection, were occupied and their owners or lessees carrying on their business in them. Early in this month. EberC. .Smith let a contract for the cctr- struction of the Record block, and Jmi. Watson had laborers and miners at work tearing away the bluff' for a site for the new Pacific hotel. Jno. Watson was ut [ this time runninp ihe best restaurant that I has ever been in Ros.sland. Thomas & i Smith also erected a commodious feed i and grain store on the lot which at pres- I ent is the site of the Bank of British \ North .\nierica. I'p to this time there I had been but few residences erected. There were many reasons for this, the principal one for which was. the fact I that lumlier for residential purposes was i at this time unobtainable at any price. I The lumt)er that was l)eing cut here daily [ was green and wis taken from the saw as soon as it was cut by eager teamsters. For the most part, the people who had so far so materially aided in the up-build- ing of the new city were atxiut equally divided between native Canadians and Americans. As to day, there existed i the utmost good feeling and friendship , among them, and the one object \ that everyone seemed to have was to i make Rossland the premier city of the ; Kootenays, and how well they succeeded is easily seen in the magnificent appear- ance of the Rossland of to-day. To illus- trate more fully the friendship of fl~ ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT ,'i5 the Canadlana and Americana living at that time in Romland and how little at- tention wan paid to the customs of either country, it is n well-recorded fact that Postmaster Dave Stussi kept the local office open on Dominion Day and closed it on Fourth of July. Though up to this time little or no im- provements in the way of street grading or laying sidewalks had Jieen nude, the appearance of the place had vastly im- proved during the first six tnontho of the year 1895. Spokane street and Columbia avenue were rapidly building up, and the Clifton corner, as it was popularly known, was fast giving the place the symmetrical appearance of a well laid out city. Build- ings were Jjeing painted, and the more public-spirited of the citizens were laying sidewalks in front of their places of bus- iness. As yet there had been no real estate boom, and up to the present day it may be truthfully said that Rossland has never suffered from this greatest curse, which at different periods in their history has inflicted nearly every town in the West. Business lots certainly had advanced to double and treble their original prices, but when transfers were made the purchaser generally only paid such price as in his judgment the lot was worth as a building site for the erection of a busi- ness block. There was little or no de- ; mand at this period for residence property, ; as it was a matter of great uncertainty as j to the location which the residence por- ! tion of the city would occupy. The nu- merous cabins and shacks in the east end of the city, in addition to being the ten- derloin district, effectually prevented the erection of homes in this neighborhood. There was no change in original list prices in property south of Le Roi avenue for a period of nearly a year. Commencing in July, a better class of buildings than those previously erected began to make their appearance. Mrs. King (then Mrs. Allan) leased the lot at the southwest comer of Columbia avenue and Washington street from Blling John- son, and immediately let a contract for a $4,500 hotel. The Montana (the original name of the Hotel Allan) was opened with a grand ball early in August. The McMillan Brothers, of Ottawa, had the construction of the Butte and Windsor Hotels started during this month, and they were both ready for occupancy in the month of September, the latter being opened by Mrs. Lewis. Work was started on the International Hotel, Donahue block and the Ragland and Shirley buildings on Spokane street. These buildings were soon ready for occupancy, and were well rented from the first. At this time, too, building was going on at a rapid rate on the east end of Columbia avenue. Camp- bell Brothers opened a furniture store in the building now occupied by the Queen Saloon. Messrs. Annstrong & Mcl<aren built their hotel, and the Stock Exchange was put on during the same month. Dur- the summer, Broderius Brothers opened the general merclutndise store which they afterwards sold to Enipey. W. S. Weeks, of the Weeks, Kennedy Co., late in the fall also opened up a small fish, fruit and commission business in the stand now oc- cupied by Weeks, Kennedy Co. E. A. Spencer, a contractor who was here at that time, buii. the Shaw Hotel, which was opened during the month of October by Mrs. Shaw. The Leiand Hotel opened fo- business in that month, also. C. O. Lrlonde opened a straight boot and shoe bvtsiness in the Teetzel block, and Mar- tin Brothers, having ousted D. B. Bogle, the virile editor of the Kossland Miner, in August, they having bought the build- ing from the Nelson syndicate which owned it, opened a large hardware store. The Rossland Record a\so moved into its new quarters in the Record block, and the C. P. R. Telegraph Co. opened its office in the same building. With the exception of the erection of the residence of John Kirkup and a few others, and and the building of the Opera House by Messrs. Blue, Pfeifer and Waldbeser, be- hind the Hotel Allan, and the building of innumerable cabins and shacks at all points of the compass, the foregoing list constitutes nearly all the principal build- ings that were erected in Rossland during the year of 1895. A question likely to be propound \ed at this period of the town's history is \<hat was there to justify this amount of build- ing at that time? This is easily answered. Although the value of the mines had not been fully proved, the magnificent ap- pearance of the Le Roi, Josie, War Eagle and Centre Star encouraged mining oper- ations all over, and many properties were under bond and working large forces of men. And the showings on these prop- erties were daily growing better. There was a pay roll of $500,000 a year behind the camp at this time to support the town, and the transient travel had increased to such an extent that two stage companies, one operated by George Breckenridge, the other by Sears & Son, were compet- ing with Dad McKellar for the passenger traffic from Northport. All were doing a rushing business. Mining operators were coming in from all points, and among the first to come during this summer and to invest their money in mining properties ami real es- tate of the camp were : A. W. McCune, C. 8. Warren, T. E. Jefferson, D. M. Lin- nard, A. E. Humphreys, K. A. Heinze, John M. Burke and a dozen others. The demand for goo<l mining property was great, and in the earlier days of the camp, the only mining broking offices were the curbstone at various places, a big lumber pile that stootl where the Rossland Mercantile Co. is now doing business, and the card rooms in the Clif- ton and War Eagle Hotels. This fact in- duced C. O'Brien Reddin and Merton Jesseph to form a brokerage partnership under the firm name of Reddin & Co. Mr. Jesseph afterward retired from the business, Mr. Reddin continuing. This was the pioneer brokerage office in Ross- land; that of C. M.Cowper-Colesand C. E. Wynn Johnson was the next. The signing of the 75,000 ton ore con- tract l)etween the he Roi Company and F. A. Heinze, and the selection in the latter part of August of Trail as the site for the new smelter had a most l)eneficial effect on the future of the town. The building of the smelter for the re- duction of the Trail Creek ores by such a practical man as Mr. Heinze, set the tongues ot every mining man in the Paci- fic north-west going and very soon busi- ness men from all parts were looking for an opening in Rossland. Again, a syndi- cate of mining men who had made their money in the camp was incorporated into a company for the purpose of supplying the new town with water and electric light. This syndicate consisted of J. A. Finch, Patsy Clark, W. S. Norman and others. The company at once commenced work, and by December had completed the flume to the reservoir. The power house and dynamo had been put in. On third day of January, 1896, the Hotel Allan was lighted by electricity. By the middle of the month electric lights were general throughout the city. Ground was thawed and the water mains laid on Spokane street and Columbia avenue. The population of the town was now about three thousand. This may be con- sidered an outside figure. Starting in January, 1896, the town seemed to take on new life. The Columbia & Western road from Trail, another of Mr. Hetnze's enterprises, had been sur- veyed and the actual work of construction commenced. Numerous articles in east- em papers by local writers had had great effect in eastern Canada, and a great v coining in from the first to come (1 to invest their •rtieH nn<l real e«- : A. VV. McCune, Tergon, D. M. Un- », V. A. Heinie, Bzen othem. Tlie ing property was Her (lays of the ig brolcing officea various place*, a Htootl where the ^o. in now doing ■ooniB in the Clif- teU, This fact in- Idin and Merton erage partnership of Keddin & Co. retired from the continuing. This tge office in Ross- ler-Colesand C. B. next. 5,000 ton ore con- loi Company and selection in the ■ Trail as the site 1 a most l)eneficial ; of the town, nelter for the re- reek ores by such r. Heinze, set the g man in the Paci- li very soon busi- were looking for 1. Again, a syndi- 10 had made their I incorporated into >ose of supplying Iter and electric :onsisted of J. A. S. Norman and t once commenced :r had completed roir. The power been put in. On 1896, the Hotel lectricity. By the ectric lights were le city. Ground ,ter mains laid on Columbia avenue, le town was now This may be con- ■e. f, 1896, the town ife. The Columbia Trail, another of es, had been sur- ork of construction IS articles in east- ters had had great ada, and a great ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT many ryes were turned towards Rossland. I A well written article read by Mr. James I). Sword l)efore the Canadian Mining Association, had a like effect upon rasterti mining men and others who quickly l)e- came interested in Rossland mines. In January and February very little builil- ing was done, but in March a reg- ular old fashioned I'uget Sound build- j ing boom struck the town, and store ; and office buildings were soon going up ', in all directions. F. W. Hart Imught the i Opera House from Waldl)eser and I'fcifer, I at the same time purchasing the two lots ! on the south side of Columbia avenue at the conier of Washington street opposite the Hotel Allan, and at once commenced the erectio'i of a large store and office buih'i ij 'oon after its completion the Postoffice was moved into it. This was the signal for building in the eaU end of town. John A. Cook, one of the original owners of the townsite, built on the two lots west. Mrs. Lewis undertook the construction of the building now occupied by the Grand Union hotel. Pat Burns also commenced the construction of a block on the vacant lot between the Kootenay hotel and the White House building. In April occurred the famous race be- tween the two most conservative and well-established banking institutions in the world, to see which would first be open for business in Rossland. The Bank of British North America officials were on the ground first, and secured a year's lease of an office in the Luckenbel block, where they posted a sign to the effect that the bank would be open for business on Mon- day, April 4. Friday night, April i, the manager of the Bank of Montreal at Nel- son arrived in Rossland, and had a big sign printed for the Bank of Montreal, in- tending to open in the oflSce of the R. J. Bealey Co. in the morning. However, the news of his arrival had been bruited about, and in the morning the Bink of British North America was doing busi- ness in a barber shop. It is probably the only time on record when a bank and barber shop were doing business in the same office — bankers shaving notes and cheques at one end, while the barbers were complacently shaving chins at the other. The Bank of Montreal, however, opened for business on Monday morning in the Lemon block, at the west end of Columbia avenue, which they occupied until their present commodious and well appointed office was constructed. The opening of both these banks in the town, in addition to filling a long-felt want, gave added confidence in the town, and buildings increased rapidly in the next few months In rapid succcsHion the Scott-IU-witl, Kcllar, I^ilondc and Ri«li»T buildings wen- built <in llii- iKirtli side of Coluniliia avi-iiue in llic- t-ust end of the town. Washington strt-f I toi), wus being partially opi-neil, and the Collins lIouHC was fitiiKlied. Munly and Klook- niann also put a large exlL-imion on to the International, and opened therein a con- cert and beer hall. By sul>scription niul government aid, about this time, con.sidt . . i^rading was done on Columbia avenue. ic bluff" in front of the post otfice was nuioved, and the gulch which cut Col< -ntiia avenue in twain ot the Burns' <ck was '"•lied up. From this time , iie improvements in the town were ropid. Chief. i noticcoble were the building chani^e.s: Mock after lilock was crecfd in th easi end of the city; in fact, so rapii'ly did they spring up that trom memory It is almost impossible to recall the clironological order of the npbuilding of the city at the east end of Columbia avenue. The attention ofea.st- ern Canadians to the marvellous wealth of Trail Creek, which had tieen attracted by Mr. Sword's and other articles, was bearing fruit, an<l a score of brokers were doing a lucrative business in thestdoks of British Columbia companies. Money came easy, and went the same way. Busi- ness in all lines was brisk; especially were those merchants who were dealing in mining supplies successlul, as many pros- pects had been snapped up by eastern in- vestors, and men were being put to work daily, opening them up. The main street was crowded all day ami up to ten o'clock at night, but it must be candidly con- fessed that these crowds were for the most part very orderly. Transient travel was enormous, and the hotels were constantly crowded with investors and mining men and engineers, who had been sent here to report on the camp. In June, Eber C. Smith established the Ei'enitig Record, a paper which filled the local field of daily journalism for six- months. It fully covered the local dis- trict, and its files for that period certainly are a very complete iiistory of the town, camp and happenings. In July, the Rossland Miner appeared in a new dress, coming out as a six column, eight folio paper, devoted almost entirely to the mining interests of the camps of Koote- nay, and the Trail Creek camp in particu- lar. The Rosslandet , the third paper which filled the field of local journalism, by an oversight has been overlooked. It came here in July, 1895. The peripatetic press of the Prospector, which had pre- viously done service in Kaslo, New Den- ver and Tlirec Forks, having birii nioveil here. W. \. I'ratl was the i-dilor. In .April, |Si)6, he sold the plant and paper li> Messrs. Jones and Norllu'V. The Ro.'slaildtr eoniniaiids a liberal share ol the loeal subseription and ailvertisiiin patronage. David H. Itonle and .\. R. Macdonald, in September established the Milling Rrricii'. This paper has siiiee gone the way of all llesli. It is the only newspaper ever established in Rossland that has been stramled on the roeks of adversity. j During this period the town was grow- ing apace. The completion of the Colum- bia & Western railro.ul into Rossland in the latter part of June, in a measure re- lieved the congested condition rf trai's- portation facilities, which were hampering the progress anil improvement of the town. The construction of the Red Mountain railway from Norlliport was undertaken during this month, and the fui lire camp was made brighter. Ilalf-a- dozen I'iastern newspapers had speciitl conespondents in the town, writing up the camp and town. The telegraph com- panies receipts were growing fatter daily with the reports that were being sent out. In October, Mrs. King (then Mrs. Allan) commenced the erection of the first brick building in the city. This building was completed in February. In October also, through the agency of Jim Wardner, a Montreal syndicate purchased 842 or the remaining unsold lots of the original Rossland townsite. John Ferguson Mc- Crea was appointed agent for the new owners, and lots were imniediately placed on sale. Ross Thompson was the first purchaser, buying four lots, ujwn which he has built the finest residence in the city. In December the I' ossland Miner Print- ing and Publishing company issued the first morning daily, with the fullest Asso- ciated Press rei)orts ever printed in the Kootenay district. As a daily the Rossland Afincr has been issued as a six and seven colunni four folio new.spaper. In addition to containing the telegraphic news report as furnished by the Canadian Pacific Telegraph com- pany, the columns of the Miner are re- plete with the mining news of the whole Kootenay district. It has been remarked on all sides that the Rossland Miner is a newspaper that would credit many a town much older and more centrally located than Rossland. It is only another evi- dence of the energy and determination of the West. F 1. ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT III December, through all rail passen- ger i\ ^ffic was established with Spokane, the Red Mountaii. road having been com- plete<l to Rossland. The operation of this system has been a great txx>n to the merchants and mine owners, as it has en- abled them to land freight in bulk. The road has also given increased freight facili- ties for handling the output of the mines. In winter a mining camp is never seen at its best, '■'his is so for various reasons. The snow obstructs building operations, and except in the case of developed mines, mining operations are impeded. Such has been the case with Rossland, though last winter much building was done, the Cosmos, Creedmore, and other blocks having been erected. During last winter the town moved on- wards in the even tenor of its way. There are no especially noteworthy facts to be recorded other than the arrival of many business and mining men from other camps and towns of the I'nited Stales. Among these arrivals were John McKane, Richard Plewman, John W. Fear, Fred. J. Ferine, George M. Stunden and others. The progress Rossland made was sub- stantial and slow, l)ecoming a town that has immense mineral deposits, only awaiting capital to place them in the li.st c)f shipping mines, in addition to dividend paying mines at its back. The town sub- sisted on the payroll of the mines. Stock business was I'laily growing less and on arri- val of spring it had practically dwindled away to nil. Transient travel was light too. Ill March the Provincial legislature passed the act authorizing the incor- poration of Rossland, thereby giving the city a municipal or civic government. Roljert Scott and C. O. Lalonde were placed in nomination for the honor of being first mayor of what will l)e the largest mining camp in the Pacific North- west. The election contest was warm and exciting. The "old timers" were arrayed in support of Mr. Laloude, while the "Johnny-come-latelies" were enrolled under the banner of Mr. vScott. The election was held on April 7, and much to the surprise of the "old-timers" Mr. Scott was elected by over one hundred votes. The following gentlemen were chosen »o sit at the council board: George A. Fraser, Hector McPherson, Horace Raymer, J. B. Johnson, \V. A. Campbell and H. S. Wallace. The new mayor and aldermen were at once sworn in, and actively assumed the management of the city's affairs. It is a bl?s.sing that the town has been incorporated, anil it is a pity that it did not take place sooner. Improvement followed improvement. The historic and at the same time picturesque Sour Dough alley was quite literally wiped off the map. Streets have been laid out where formerly there were only small trails leading the pedestrian through a maze of cabins and shacks. Looking at the results accomplished Mr. Scott has made a most excellent chief executive, and the people of Rossland have no com- plaint to enter against the City Council. They had innumerable obstacles to con- tend against when they took hold. They have certainly made a most creditable showing in the short time they have been in charge of the city government with the means at their command. As soon as the city wj 1 incorporated another build- ing boom struck the town, and in a short space of time a great many buildings were erected on the northern part of Washing- ton street, on First and Second avenues. This is the Rossland of today. A glance at the condition of the city today discloses the information that Ross- land has a population of nearly six thou- sand people. The town has resolved itself down to a pay roll l>asis. The ' days of the wild-catter and stock broker arc over, and the population of the city are ; depending upon the money earned in the ! development of the mines for their support. \ Though Rossland sprang up in a night, | as it were, Rossland is no mushroom town. ' It has more to support it than any other ' town in Kootenay. In three years' time Rossland has sprung from a place which only had an existence on the map and in minds of a few far-seeing (then thought deluded) mining men and prospectors, to a large city. With its numerous and well- appointed hotels, its stores stocked with all kinds of merchandi.se, its graded streets, electric light and water system, goo<l schools, telegraphic, telephone and railway communication with all points of the compass, it is settled beyond perad- venture that the present Rossland is the nucleus of a big city. Rossland is a very orderly place, especially for a mining camp, and though drinking tliere is of course, the variety halls, dance houses and gambling joints, common to all min- ing camps in the United States find no place here. They are not tolerated. The British law, for which everyone has 1 a wholesome respect, is impartially and fearlessly administered. Every line of business common and necessary to a large mining camp is well represented. Though in Rossland every line ol busi- ness is well represented, by this it must not V>e understood that opportunities for making money in the mercantile pursuits are all gone. The business done in the ; camp is constantly increasing as the mines are more fully developed, consequently frequently first class openings occur for bright business men, who have capital at their back and who are familiar with the needs and likes of the inhabitants of a large mining camp. People who are un- familiar with the mining camps of the west, as a rule have no business here, though there are individual cases where "tenderfeet" have done well. No young man except a first-class miner or one who has capital should come to Rossland in search of employment. Both in the town and at the mines the supply of labor has always been in excess of the demand, with the single exception of machine men. First-class machine men are at a premium and can always com- mand work. The wages paid at the mines, though not as high as in some of the older Montana camps, where the ex- cellent management of the different unions control the labor market, are good. Machine men receive $3.^0 per diem, and J4.00 for shaft work. Hammersmen or ordinary miners $3.00. Pump men I3.00. Mine blacksmiths and carpenters I4.00. Engineers $3.50 a:id |4.ao, accord- to the size of plant which is l)eing operated. Blacksmith helpers J3.00. Sho- vellers, cannen and surface roustalwuts I2.50. In the city the ruling wages are about |J.50 per day for all kinds of work. Buttes and Virginia Cities are not made in a day, and no impartial observer of Ros.sland, and the network of mines which surround it, believes for a moment that the town has nearly reached its zenith. When th ' Crow's Nest Pa,ss rail- way is a reality, the Trail Creek camp will enter upon an era of prosperity hitherto unknown. Thisroad, in addition to giving the district competitive freight facilities, will bring down the smelting changes with a thud, and thus permit the working of large bodies of low grade ores, now valueless. Time is now the greatest factor in Rossland's future. Rossland has a .splendid future before it; the days of doubt and uncertainty are past. Conserva- tive observers estimate Rossland's popula- tion in five years' time will amount to thirty thou.saiid people. Present indications seem to justify such a prediction. At no time in their history did the mines, the backbone of Rossland's prosperity, present such a magnificent and encouraging ap- pearance. New strikes on pronpects, and the uncovering of richer and higher grade ore in the developed mines, are daily being made. Uei us all hope that the many bright things that are now proplu-- sied for the future wil'. Ite fulOlIed. ■H •easing as the mines ipecl, consequently openings occur for rho have capital at e familiar with the iC inhabitants of a 'eople who are un- ling camps of the no business here, (ridual cases where e well. >ta first-class miner :al should come to ;mployment. Both : mines the supply fn in excess of the ngle exception of :lass machine men I can always corn- wages poid at the high as in some of mps, where the ex- of the different )r market, are good. e J3.50 per diem, •rk. Hammersmen J3.00. Pump men ths and carpenters a;id I4.00, accord- t which is l)eing helpers fj.oo. Sho- lurface roustalx)Ut» ; ruling wages are ' all kinds of work. Cities are not made partial observer of etwork of mines eves for a moment learly reached its (W's Nest Pass rail- Trail Creek camp era of prosperity lis road, in addition competitive freight lown the smelting nd thus permit the s of low grade ores, is now the greatest ure. Rossland has ore it; the days of ire past. Conserva- Rossland's popula- 'ill amount to thirty resent indications prediction. At no lid the mines, the prosperity, present (1 encouraging ap- 1 on prospects, and ;raud higher grade I mines, are daily all hope that the It are now prophc- he fiilfllled. Business and Biographical Sketches. Many Old Pioneers. Some Later Arrivals, and all Men, Firms and Cor- porations of Ability and Standing. HUNTER BROTHERS, Importers, ^.'lolesaU and ReUil Merchants. It may be doubted if in any other min- ing camp in the whole world its settlers have possessed greater advantages of civi- lization than are enjoyed by the miners and dwellers in the great Trail Creek mining district. In the majority of camps a scarcity of provisions and exor- bitant prices have been the rule. Here thers is an abundance of the best of eve-v- thing, and at prices to compare favorably with those of much older communities. Among the individual merchants and firms whose enterprise and businessability have contributed most to bring prices to a reasonable figure, there are none who have done more than the subject of this sketch. The brothers, James and Robert Hunter, established in business here in 1895. They had previously been in business at Couiee City, Washington, with a branch .store at Conconnully, Wa.shington,and are experienced general merchants. Hunter Brothers' l)u.siness property, 30 X 200 feet, fronting on the principal .street of Rossland, is, with its basements, one of the largest in the city. The firm has also a connnoilious warehouse on the Red Mountain track, and is able to receive and ship goods in quantities. The stock carried by Hunter Brothers is almost .'is diverse as are the needs of the community. That it is especially full and conij^ >te in all that pertains to miners' supplies might be exp-jcttd; but we may add that being agents for giant powdei, (.oddwin candles. Canton and Hlack Diamond steel, and other .specialties of the miner, this firm sells both to dealers and to miners al' over this and ailjoining districts. The lirm is also agent for McClary's stoves and rangos, manufac- tured at London, Ontario. Th'.- stock includes, as well, a full line of plumbers' supplies and steam fittings. Hunter Brothers have a completely equipped tin and sheet metal shop, where tinware, sheet ironware, and galvanized iron pipe and other iiiinin-; supplies are maiiMfactured both to order aii<l for the slock. The past two years have been eventful ones in the liistory of Rosslami, It I-is twice doubled in population, in business houses and in producing enterprises, and it may be .said without di.sparagement of others, that this firm has contributed in a marked degree to every industry and en- terprise which has helped to make the prosperity of this city and great mineral district, and that the house has become an acknowledged leader in its several lines of trade. James and Robert Hunter were born in : Oxford county, province of Ontario. The , deservedly high standing to which they ^ have attained in business circles and as I citizens has been gained by a course of i fair and honorable dealing which has i made the name of the firm a guarantee of I integrity. They have, besides their main I store in Ro&slan'd, a branch house at San- ! don, in the Slocan country, the latter • being in charge of Charles D. Hunter. The merchant, the prospector, the ! miner, the home builder, and all those j wishing goods in the several lines carried \ by this firm can make no ini.stake in deal- ing with Hunter Brothers. The firm's guarantee covers the lowest market price ! of the article sold, and its quality as well. BANK OF MONTREAL. If, as it is claimed, the stability and character of a community and its nidus- tries may be best judged by the character and standing of its banks, the great min- ing industry of the Trail Creek district may be regarded as permanent, and a bright future for Rossland a certainty. That a comparatively new mining dis- trict and its trade center, scarcely more than two years old, should have attracted to their gates so great and conservative a financial institution as the Bank of Mon- treal, is no less surprising in itself ilian it is an endorsement of the most favorable published reports of the great mineral resources of tliis section of British Colum- bia. The three words. Bank of Montreal, have been in Canada for eighty years a synonym for honor and integrity, and in the commercial and financial world have commanded a confidence unsurpassed by any financial institution on the continent. The Bank of Montreal was established in 1S17, and was incorporated by act of parliament. It has a capital (all paid up) of Ji2,oj<),fKK>.oo, a reserve fund of j(16,ooo,t<oo.<)o, and 11859,698.40 of undivided profits. The head office of the Hank of Montreil is at the city of Montr -al, and its officers and directors and managers are among the most noted financiers of • he continent. Thev are Rt. Hon. Lonl t'.lencoc, C.C.M.C.., i'rcsiilenl; Hon. (1. .\. Drummond, Vice-I'resi<lent; A. T. Patter- son, Esq.; Hugh McKennan, Ksq ; Edward B. Greenshields, Esq.; R. B. Angu.s, E.sq.; W. C. McDonald, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.; W. W. Ogilvie, Esq.; E. .S. Clouston, General Manager; A. Macnider, Chief In- spector and Superintendent of Branches; A. B. Buchanan, Inspector of Branch Returns; W. S. Clouston, Assi.stant Inspec- tor; James Aird. Secretary. The bank has thirty-iiiiie branches in Canada, one in Newfoundland, two in the Unite<l States, and one in London, Eng- land. Its bankers in Great Britain are the Bank of Englan<l and a numlwr ot others of the most stable banks of the mother country. Its corre.spondents and agents in the United States are the greatest banks of New York, Boston, Buffalo, San Francisco, and Portland, Oregon. Itis worthy of note, as showing the high regard in which the president of this great financial institution is held by the govern- ment of Great Britain, that he was one of those on whom Her Majesty l)estowed Jubilee honors, changing his title from Sir Donald A. Smith to Rt. Hon. Lord Glencoe, G.C.M.G. The Rossland branch of the Bank ot Montreal was established in April, 1896. BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, H. Stikeman, Esq., Montreal, Gen. Manager. Ros.sland, like all Canadian towns hav- ing a business sufficient to justify the presence of a bank, has just cause to be proud of her banking facilities. The B:ink of Briti.sh Nortli America, a branch of which was established in Rosslnnd in April, 1896, had its beginning in 1836, and was incorporated bv Roval Charter in 1840. The history of this great financial in- stitution has for sixty years been closely identified with the history of Canada and the provinces, and it may truthfully be .said that no single agency, other than the government, has done more to promote the development of the great natural re- sources of the Dominion tlnn the li.nk of British North America has done through its head office in London, England, its general manager at Montreal, and its branches at Quebec: Montreal, Quetiec; Ontario: Ottawa, Toronto, Kingston, ( l^,.i L- ■■■■■■■■ K, to ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT flattiiUon, Brantford, London; Nova Sco- tia: Halifax; New Brunswick: St. John, Frederickton; British Columbia: Victoria, Vancouver, Rossland (Kootenay), Trail (sub-agency), Sandon, Kaslo, SlocanCity; Manitoba: Winnipeg, Brandon. The Bank of British North America has a paid up capital of j^'t,cxx},ooo, and a reserve fund of ^'275,000. The general business is conducted by a court of ten directors and a general manager. The court of directors held their sixty-first annual meeting at the London office, on March 2, 1897. The report of that meet- ing was in a very large sense a happy repetition of the many that have preceded it, all of which justify the statement with which we began this article. The Bank of British North America's London bankers are the Bank of Bngland and Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co. Agencies in America: New York agents — Messrs. W. Lawson and J. C. Welsh, 52 Wall Street; San Francisco agents — Messrs. H. M. J. McMichael and J. R. Ambrose; 120 Sansome street. The Rossland branch of this great bank- ing institution has been a great factor, not only in facilitating exchanges and afford- ing other banking accommodations, but, as well, in giving stability and standing to the great mining industry of the dis- trict, and in building a city of homes and business enterprises, where, but a few months before there was little but a wil- derness. Mrs. Allan's maiden name was Mc- Laughlin, and her native province, Ontario. She came to Rossland in 1896 from Nakusp, B. C., where she kept the Nakusp hotel. She resided for some time at Hastings, B. C, where she also kept a hotel. Besides her hotel business Mrs. Allan has valuable mining interests, and is developing some promising mining properties. In assuming and conducting success- fully so important enterprises in addition to the management of her hotel, Mrs. Allan has manifested a grasp of business affairs both gratifying and surprising to her many friends. She is a lady of edu- cation and culture, of graceful manners, with the ready and tender sympathies of a mother, and a tact and judgment in business affairs unusual in h.:r sex. It is hardly necessarv co add, in con- cluding this too brief sketch of the finest hotel in this section of British Columbia, tliat ladies or gentlemen desiring first- class accommodation can make no mis- take, by putting up at the Hotel Allan. MARTIN BROTHERS, Hardware Merchants. THE HOTEL ALLAN, Mrs. M. E. Allan, Proprietress. The Hotel Allan is the pride of Ross- land, and par excellence the best hotel of the Briti.ih Columbia gold fields. It is the tourists' resort, the commercial travelers' choice, and a first favorite of the traveling public. The Hotel A!1an embraces two fine modern buildings, one of brick. It was designed and built with especial reference to its fitness for a first-class hotel suited to this climate. The house occupies one of the best business corners in Ros.sland, and is a popular place of re-sort for capitalists, mining men, financiers and business men of the city. The house has eighty-five guest rooms, is lighted by electricity, and has all modern improvements and con- veniences. The halls are wide, the guest rooms large and well furnished, all out- side rooms, and well lighted. The office, reading room, and a magnificent dining room, with ample capacity for seating over one hundred people, are on the ground floor. The bar and card rooms are the finest in the city. The hotel was built by Mrs. M. E. Allan. The property is one of the l>est, Ijoth as to improvements and location, in Rossland. The building has modern plumbing and the most complete sanitary arrangenients throughout. Mrs. Allan has personal charge in conducting her hotel, a.ssisted by experienced clerks, steward, and efficient help in every de- partment. Being herself an experienced public hostess, Mrs. Allan is enabled to choose her assistants wisely. j It may be doubted if there is a mercan- i tile house in Rossland better or more I widely known throughout the Kootenay : country than that owned and conducted I by Martin Brothers. This house was es- tablished in the spring of 1895, and is the j largest establishment of the kind in Ross- land. The business occupies the entire t lower floor of the building in which it is i located, and two warehouses besides. i The salesroom is eligibly located at the I comer of Columbia avenue and W'ashing- ■ ton street, and is stocked to its full capa- city with everything pertaining to a I first-class hardware .stock in demand in j this section. I Of the immense stock carried by this j house we have space to speak only in i general terms. Everything m the line of I shelf and heavy hardware is carried, in- ] eluding stoves, ranges, builders' hardware, I mechanics' tools, nails, mine and mill ! supplies, prospectors' supplies, black- j smiths' supplies, saws, belting, steel and ' iron, tin and agate ware, cooking utensils, I novelties, and the thousand and one ' articles which go to make up the complete j retail and jobbing stock of the hardware 1 merchant. A specialty is made of powder, , fuse, candles, and all the prerequisites of i the miner and prospector. 1 It is worthy of note that the firm sells the justly celebrated Burrow, Stewart & I Milne stoves and ranges, the James Stew- : art Manufacturing company 's stoves and I ranges, and the Copp Brothers company's ; heating stoves. These are all of supenor I quality, and liave given gratifying satis- i faction in Rossland and elsewhere. The I firm sells and puts in furnaces, and will order any make ot furnace the purchaser may desire. The business also includes a manufac- turing department in which tinware is manufactured to order and for the stock. and a she^t metal shop fully equipped for the execution of large or small contracts or jobbing, and for the manufacture of galvanized iron pipes for mines, Another department is devoted to plumbing and gas and steam fitting. In this connection it is pertinent to state that the firm carries a full line of plumbers' materials and supplies. Skilled workmen are employed in the shops, and none but first-class work is turned out. Messrs. J. M. and W. C. Martin are natives of Renfrew county, province of Ontario. They served their time in a mercantile house at Ottawa, and have been ever since entering the mercantile business for themselves as.sociated to- gether, and known as Martin Brothers. They were pioneers to Calgary, N. W. Territory, and were for a number of years t'.ie leading hardware merchants of that place. I^ter they disposed of their interests at Calgary and went to the coast, and thence to Vernon, from which place they came to Rossland two and a half years ago. The firm still owns the lead- ing hardware store in Vernon, and Mr. J. M. Martin will be long remembered as having been one of Vernon's most popular mayors. On coming to Rossland the Martin Brothers bought considerable real estate, of which the lot on the corner of Columbia avenue and Washington street is a part. They at once erected the build- ing they now occupy at that location, and put in a complete hardware stock. They are, as are nearly all of our merchants, interested to some extent in mining and j real estate, and it is not too much to say their enterprise has had much to do with the growth and prosperity of Rossland. I O. M. FOX & CO., I Importers and '^l^olesale and Retail Grocers. The attractive modern retail grocery store, with its thousand delicacies gathered from every country and clime, has lieen developed within the last quarter of a century, and almost within the last decade. It is still unknown in many cities much larger than Ros.sland and it occasions surpri.se to strangers to find one or more here. The fine modern store which forms the subject of this sketch was founded in November, 1896, by O. M. Fox, E. C. Lockwood, and W. J. Cusack. under the firm name of O. M. Fox & Co. The busi- ness occupies a large and well-filled sales- room, eligibly located on Columbia avenue, and an outside warehouse as well. The amount, variety and quality of goods carried in stock, the attractive manner in which they are displayed, and the careful and painstaking manner in which patrons are served, warrant us in saying this is one of the most complete modern grocery stores in the Kootenay country. While this house does a very large retail busi- ness, a glance at the stock reveals the fact that an extensive wholesale business is carried on. In this connection it is appropriate to state that this branch of the business embraces the whole of the great mineralize<l belt tributary to Ross- iiUy equipped for r sniall contracts e manufacture of mines. Another to plumbing and n this connection at the firm carries s' materials and nen are employed ut first-class work '. C. Martin are inty. province of their time in a ittawa, and have g the mercantile :s associated to- Martin Brothers. . Calgary, N. W. I number of years nerchants of that sposed of their went to the coast, Tom which place 1 two and a half ill owns the lead- emon, and Mr. J. g remembered as ion's most popular to Rossland the considerable real on the corner of iVashington street erected the build- that location, and rare .stock. They jf our merchants, It in mining and t too much to say much to do with ty of Rossland. md Retail Grocers. rn retail grocery elicacies gathered clime, has l)een last (juarter of a withm the last known in many Rossland and it mgers to find one which forms the was founded in M. Fox, E. C. usack. under the & Co. The busi- 1 well-filled sales- on Columbia rarehouseas well. I quality of goods active manner in il, and the careful n which patrons in saying this is s modern grocery country. While large retail busi- Block reveals the holesale business connection it is t this branch of the whole of the ril)utary to Ro.ss- ROSSLAND .\ND THE TP-AIL CREEK DISTRICT n land, and that a very considerable whole- sale trade is done with mines and miners. O. M. Fox & Co. are importers from England and the United States, and buy- ing largely in carload lots, are able to quote very low prices to their retail as well as to their wholesale trade. Th» line of canned goods is especially full and complete, comprising California and Ea.stern canned fruits and vegetables. In fancy groceries, teas, coffees and spices, the Ijest is the rule. Flour, salt meats, produce and all other staples, are handled m quantities, and a complete and well- selected stock of Crocker}', glassware, tinware, graniteware, and other needs of the camp and the home, completes one of the largest stocks of the kind in Rossland. Mr. Fox was formerly connected with the Great American Importing Tea com- pany, and the firm carries a full line of their popular goods, and is the company's sole agent for Rossland. Wagons are run in the city and suburbs for the free delivery of all goods sold, and a very large local trade is done with hotels, restaurants and families, and with mines immediately surrounding Rossland. The cosmopolitan character of Rossland is well illustrated in the personnel of this and many other of her leading business firms. Mr. Fox is a German by birth, Mr. Lockwood an American, and Mr. Cusack an Englishman. Mr. Fox was, previous to coming to Rossland, in busi- ness in San Diego, California. Messrs. Lockwood and Cusack were travelling for a New York house, the former having his headquarters at Spokane, Washington, and the latter at Victoria, B. C. It is interesting to note that the firm, in its membership, represents three of the greatest nations in the world, but it is of greater interest of patrons to know that both as a firm and individually, Messrs. Fox, Lockwood and Cusack command the entire esteem and confidence of the public. fitted throughout with modern conven- iences, including electric lights, hot and cold baths, electric bells, etc., etc. Comfort of gue.sts is the first law of the management of the Bellevue. Mr. Bell is his own manager, and conducts his hotel with a view of giving the best ac- comodations to be had in the city. The dining room is presided over by courteous and attentive waiters, the culinary depart- ment is in the hands of an experienced chef, and the table is in itself a compli- ment to the caterer. The bar is one of the best in the city, and over it are served the best drinks and fine imported cigars. The Bellevue is conducted on Ixjth the American and the European plans. A free 'bus meets all incoming and depart- ing trains, baggage, mail and telegrams of guests receive careful attention, rooms are reserved when ordered by telegraph, and every courtesy and convenience ex- tended to the public by first-class hotels elsewhere is here observed. W. H. Bell is a native of the Province of Ontario. He was formerly in the stock business at Quapalle, Northwest Ter- ritory, and it was from that place he came to Rossland a little over a year ago. As proprietor of the Bellevue, he has one of the l)est and most popular hostelries of Rossland, and his house is a resort for mining men, business men and com- mercial travelers. It is interesting to note that Mr. Bell has just built a danc- ing pavilion adjoining the hotel, and it will add no little to the popularity of the Bellevue, as offering a place of entertain- ment and recreation for guests of the house and others seeking an evening's amusement. plishing it. More prospectors came in. : The great Le Roi and other prospective i mines showed increasingly favorable indi- j cations from year to year, and in 1894, ; Mr. Thompson, acting upon his own j judgment, and alone, purchased the land from the government where Rossland now .stands, and laid out the town. Itisneed- i less to add that he builded liettcr than ] he knew. Mr. Thompson showed his confidence : by putting up the first building himself. He sold lots on favorable terms to in- I vestors, and in not a few instances gave 1 lots to those who would builil upon them. j This liberality ma<le the popularity of I Ro.ssland, which led to its doubling in I population every few months, until it has grown from nothing, in 1894, to being a I city of eight thousand inhabitants, in 1897. ; Of Mr. Thompson's personal popularity, we may say it is only less wide than that of the city he founded. It is said of him that he is connected with and an officer in more companies and enterpri.ses than any other man in British Columbia. It is gratifying to add that prosperity and fortune have apparently made no change in Mr. Thompson's manners towards his fellow men. His old friends still call him "Ross" as familiarly as when he handled the pick and drill, and everyone knowing him holds him in high esteem ibr his many excellent qualities of head and heart. HOTEL BELLEVUE. W. H. Bell, Proprietor. Among Ros-sland's many excellent hostelries, there is none more worthily j popular with the traveling public than 1 the Hotel Bellevue. The Bellevue is ' tnost conveniently located, at the comer i of Washington .street and Second avenue, j less than a block and a half from the Red Mountain depot. The site is one of the most elevated occupied by any hotel building in Ro.ssland, .md commands an excellent view of the camp and surround- ing country. The Bellevue was built and opened to the public by W. H. Bell, the present owner and proprietor, in the spring of the present year. The building is a sub- stantial, two story structure, containing liesides the office, dining room and Imr room, some thirty odd guest rooms. Mr. Bell has sr' ?d no expense in furnishing his hotel. : 1 every room is fitted with new and aiiractive furniture and carpets. There are no inside rooms, all being light and airy, and commandi;igan unobstruct- ed view from the windows. The house is ROSS THOMPSON. It is eminently fitting that this First History of Rossland should give biographi- cal mention of one who not only gave his name to the town, but who was its founder as well. Ross Thompson was a farmer's boy, and was born in the county of Bruce, in the province of Ontario, Canada. He was taken when a child to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, where he lived until his majority. Young Thompson had ample opportunity to observe the condi- tions necessary to the building of new towns in that province. His later experi- ences and observations in Montana, Itlaho, Washington, and other mountain states, enabled him to witness the birth and rapid growth of mining towns. We are justified in assuming it was this knowledge of the necessary factors of town building, supplemented by a habit of close observation, no less than his faith in the Trail Creek district, of which Ros.s- land is now the business center, that prompted Mr. Thompson to purchase a tract of land from the government, and lay out the town of Rossland. Be that as it may, Mr. Thompson had, in 1890, after spending a number of years in prospect- ing, mining, and other ventures in mining states and the provinces, come to the Trail Creek district as a prospector. If anyone had before that time thought of locating a townsite in the district, he had certainly taken no steps towards accom- ROBERT SCOTT, ESQ. Mayor of Rossland. Robert Scott, Esq., Rosslaud's first mayor, came to Rossland in .August, 1896. He was born at (ialt, Ontario. He was three succeeding terms mayor of his native city, and, if we may rightly judge from The Evening Reformer, of March 27th, 1897, a Gait paper, his previous ex- perience in municipal affairs has been such as to amply qualify him for the high duties as first mayor of our magic city. Following, we reprint the passage re- ferred to in the preceding paragraph ; "Ever since the announcement, made some time ago, that ex-Mayc Rob't .Scott would be a candidate for the position of first Mayor of Rossland, Gait citizens have taken a more lively interest in Rossland matters, and have been eager to obtain news concerning the thriving young city of West Kootenay. People here are only beginning to realize the marvelous growth of Rossland, which in one short year has increased in popu- lation from a few hundred till at the present time there are not less than 10,000 persons 1 ssident there, and all in- dications point to a ixjpulation of at least 20,000 within the next twelve months. What was a few months ago an unimpor- tant mining camp will certainly rival Butte and Johannesburg, and we would not be surprised if there is a greater nish to Rossland and the different Briti.sh Columbia mining camps than ever took place in the places mentioned. "To be the first mayor of a city like Rossland is a distinction and honor that anv man might covet, and if elected be ii / 12 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CBJEEK. DISTRICT proud of. As our readers are aware, Mr. Scott, with his son J. H. Scott, is the owner of the Victoria Wheel Works, one of Gait's most important manufacturing industries, and when he went to Rossland a little less than a year ago, Mr. Scott announced his intention of remainingthere if what was claimed for the new mining town proved correct. Such has evidently been the case, as he has invested largely in real estate, besides being associated with others in the ownership of what are claimed to be among the best mining properties there. Mr. Scott's friends would naturally like to see him elected as Mayor — not that they have anything against his opponent, Mr. Lalonde — but because he has always been one of our most enterprising citizens, and they also point with pride to his excellent record in municipal matters in Gait. In 1873 he represented Ward 3 in the council, and in 187s sat as councilor for Ward 2. In 1876 and 1877 he was Deputy-Reeve, and was elected as Reeve in 1878, 1879, 1880 and again in 1892. He is the only gentlemen who ever filled the position of Mayor of Gait three years in succes- sion, holding as he did this position dur- ing 1885, i886 and 1887. That Mr. Scott was popular with the rate payers and made a good Mayor must be clear, when it is taken into consideration that in nearly every case he had a contest, but lie is able to say he was never yet beaten in a municipal contest. Gait citizens will wish him still further success in his election to the Mayoralty of Rossland, and we make the prediction that if he is elected he will fill the position with credit to Ixjth himself and the City of Rossland." to a greater or less extent, interested in about twenty different properties. He is a stock-holder in the Colonna and man- ager of its properties, stockholder in the Monte Cnsto Company, and manager of its properties, a stockholder in and manager of the Morning Star Company, a stockholder in and manager of the Detroit Company, a stockholder in and manager of the Erie, and is general man immediate opportunity to handle .some of the many fine properties about Ros.sland and adjoining districts. After careful in- vestigation of different properties, by the aid of experts, and becoming sufficiently acquainted in mining and financial cir- cles to enable him to "set his stakes" in- telligently, Mr. Finch bonded the Silver Queen Mine, one of the finest properties in the Cariboo Creek Camp, Slocan Divis- ager of St. Paul properties belonging to 1 ion. West Kootenay, and, chartering The Toronto people. | Silver Queen Mining Company, limited George E. Pfunder comes of Alsatian- 1 liability, obtained for that company a title German stock, and was bom on the Rhine j to the property in fee. The Silver Queen in 1849. He was brought by his parents j was stocked at $1,250,000.00 with|35o,ooo to America when but three years of age, i in the treasury. The mine is now de- and, with the exception of being away j veloped, No. i tunnel on the Black Fox at school, may be said to have grown up 1 claim liaviiig already been driven a dis- and lived among mines and mining peo- ! lance of over sixty feet into the finest pie all his life. He began mining while i body of silver ore which has j;et been yet in his 'teens. shown in that rich district; and it is ex- pected that The Silver Queen will before very long become a very profitable pro- ducer. We could hardly conclude this too GEORGE E. PFUNDER. It is interesting as showing the favor in which this section is held by old miners that one may find in Rossland very many of '.he best and most experienced mining men on the Pacific slope. Among them we note a conspicuous example in George K. Pfunder. Mr. Pfunder engaged in mining in 1867, thirty years ago, in Amador county, Cali- fornia.'for the late U. S. Senator, Leiand Stanford. He was with Mackay & Fair in the celebrated Comstock mine, at Virginia City, Nevada, and made one of the half dozen fortunes he has had there. He came to the Northwest in the employ of the late Captain Ainsworth, to take cliarj<e of the Blue Bell Mine, at .-Mns- worlli, British Columbia, near Nelson. He has been in all the most noted mining camps from Mexico to the Canadian line, and sin<"e liV, when he first oame to British CoUimbln, he has been engaged ill mining enterprises on both sides of tlie international line, he has, however, since i89,<;, made Ros.sland his bu.siness headquarters and placf of residence. It was but a natural sequence that Mr. Pfunder's mining experience and ability as a nuinagL-r of mining properties should have brought him many favorable op- portunities for investment in British Columbia, and we accordingly find him EDWARD C FINCH, ESQ. In reviewing the success of Mr. Pfun- der, we are reminded of a statement of one of the American consuls, viz : The German excels in perseverence, patience under the most trying circumstances, in- ' brief sketch of one of Ro.ssland's now dustry and economy. These virtues en- i most popular promoters lietter than by able him to accompli.^h great results in j appending the personnel of the officers almost any fields of science, industry, or | and '.irectors of The Silver Queen enterprist" he mav choose to enter." It , Minini; Company. They are: Presi- needharil V be added that Mr. Pfunder 1 dent, Hon. George E. Foster, M. P. and is one ot the busiest men in the Trail | ex-Minister of Finance ; Vice-President, Creek district, and that he is an authority ; C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., Esq., Engineer and on mining processes and mining pro- ex-Mining Expert for the State of Wa.sh- perties. ington; General Manager, Edward C. Finch, Esq.; Secretary-Treasurer, Leo H. Schmidt, Esq. Directors : Hon. Thomas Mavne Dalv, Q. C, ex-Minister of the Interior; Edwanl C. Finch, Mining Op- erator; Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner; i Hon. Geo. E. Foster, M. P., Ex-Minister It is noteworthy as showing the interest ! of Finance; Win. F. Hay ward. Mine which attaches to newly developing min- Owner; Joseph B. Dabney, President ing camps, that the rich mineralized Keystone Gold Mining Company; C. C. .section of which Rossland is tlie financial i Woodhouse, Jr , Mining Engineer; Leo center has attracted to Rossland .so many I H Schmidt, Capitalist; R. W. Grigor, gentlemen of the professio.ns and of the I Capitalist. press. Edward C. Finch Jjelongs to the ! We may add that while Mr. Finch is latter class. He was, before coming to i connected with a number of other Ro.ss- British Columbia, in 1896, a citizen of the | land enterprises, in all of which he takes state of Washington, where he was con- ! more or less an active part. The Silver nected with the press for ten years. Queen is his chiefe.st pet, and engages Mr. Finch is an Ohioan by birth. He 1 his most constant attention, has, however, been many years on the ' Pacific coast, and during the thirteen years he resided in Washington, ac- quired an extensive acquaintance among the leading men of that and adjoining states, and attained consideralile promi- nence in business and political circles. There is hardly anything more iiiteres- During the legislative session of 1S95, in ting in the history of any town or city Washington, Mr. Finch served as chief i than is found in the personal confidence clerk of the House of Representatives, i and struggles of those whose enterprise having been elected to that responsible ; and labors have contributed most to its position by a unanimous vote of the re- : being and growth. .-Vinong the consid-'r- publi . n and democratic ineinbers of the ' able number of prominent citizens who, Houst. in tliis respect, share in the honors of the It i,s, however, as a promoter of enter- founders of Rosslanil, none have done pri.ses that we are to speak of Mr. Finch, more for, or are likely in the near future It is interesting to note tliat he was a sue- to do more for the magic city than I) M. cessful promoter of l)oth public and pri- j Linnard, Esq. Born in the state of vate enterprises while a citizen of the , Pennsylvania, educated to busiiiessin New state of Washington. In June, 1896, he ■ York, and early as-sociated with large en- came to Rossland, where he found .so | terprises, Mr. I.innard was one of many many of his former friends and business ! in the cast, wlm. seeing the uiiiiiistakal)le associates that it was not like arriving | ivi leiices of proifress and development in among strangers. The lionoral)l.? and British Columbia, came to the Province p-omiiient part he had taken in enter- in 1891). jiris;s on the other .side of the line was in j British Columbia was then the objective Itself an introduction, and he was offered | point of many capitalists, and among D. M. LINNARD, ESQ. to handle some of s about Rossland After careful in- properties, by the >ining sufficiently )nd financial cir- let his stakes" in- bonded the Silver ! finest properties imp, Slocan Divts- d, chartering The Company, limited at company a title The Silver Queen o.oo with 1350,000 mine is now de- ■n the Black Fox een driven a dis- et into the finest icli has yet been ict; and it is ex- Queen will before :ry profitable pro- lonclude this too if Rossland's now rs better than by lel of the officers Silver Queen riiey are : Presi- foster, M. P. and : ; Vice-President, isq.. Engineer and lie State of Wash- »ger, Edward C. Treasurer, Leo H. rs : Hon. Thomas x-Minister of the inch. Mining Op- /ell. Mine Owner; P., Kx-Ministcr Hayward, Mine abney, President Company; C. C. ie; Engineer; I<eo R. W. Grigor, lile Mr. Finch is of other Ross- )f which he takes part. The Silver Jet, and engages ion. RD,ESQ. ing more interes- any town or ciiy ■sonal confidence whose enterprise uted most to its nnii;' the consid'.'r- nt citizens who, the honors of the none h.'ive done 1 the near future : city than I) M. in tlie state of o business in New ed with large en- as one of nianj- the unmistakable il development in to the Province hen the objective ists, and among ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT t3 those whose purchased property and re- mained in the Province, D. M. Linnard is conspicuous for his unbounded recogni- tion of its resources and confidence in the future of its towns and cities. It is an interesting fact in this connection, to state that there has hardly been a time since Mr. Linnard made his first purchase of property in Vancouver, that he has not had one or more buildings in process of construction in some town or city of the Province. Mr. Linnard came to Rossland in May, 1895, and with the ken of a practical observer foreseeing its immediate future bought all the desirable property his funds in hand would justify. The wisdom of his selection is manifested in the fact that his purchase embraced nineteen business lots on Columbia avenue. It is significant, too, that he declined to sell at a profit of one hundred per cent, on his investment within thirty days after his purchase, and that he has since since sold some of the property at six hundred per cent, profit to friends who, with all candor, advised him to sell at the first opportunity. It may, too, be written, as a historical fact, that Mr. Linnard was the first investor in Rossland property whose action in hold- ing it for a good speculative profit justifi- ed his confidence in the future of the place. Besides the first purchase of nine- teen business lots, he bought an interest in the original town company, and a con- trolling interest in some valuable mining properties, and has since been actively, and prominently identified not only with the community interests, but with the great mining interests of this and adjoin- ing districts as welt. Mr. Linnard chartered no less than seven mining companies, in all of which he retained large holdings. They are the Red Mountain View Gold Mining Com- pany, limited; Mineral City Townsite Com- pany, limited; The Rossland Syndicate, limited; Carbonate Silver Mining Com- pany, limited; Gopher Gold Mining Com- pany, limited; The Rossland Homestake Gold Mining Company, li..iited; and the R. E. Lee Gold Mining Company, lim- ited. Mr. Linnard has been successful in in- teresting British capitalists in British Col- umbia mines. He spent two months in London last winter, and, among other deals, sold a one-third interest in the Gopher Gold Mining Company, limited, the Rossland Homestake Gold Mining Company, limited, and the R. E. Leu Gold >Iining Company, limited. We un- derstand that negotiations are now pend- ing to unite all the interests of these three 1 companies into a company to be char- ! tered in London, with a capital of 150,000 i pounds sterling. One of Mr. Linnard's most important 1 enterprises is The Rossland Syndicate, a ; close corporation of which W. G. Johnson, a retired English manufacturer, now resi- ' dent of Rossland, is president, and Mr. Linnard, manager. The Syndicate has a very liberal charter, and the scope of its ■ business is quite as comprehensive. It loans money, buys, sells and improves '< town and city property, bonds, develops buys and sells mines, and organizes cor- porate enterprises. The Syndicafi; owns valuable eity property in Ros.sland and Kaslo. Among improvements now being made upon its property, it is building a large hotel at Kaslo. Conspicuous as he is as one of Rossland's most trusted and energetic promoters of large enterprises, Mr. Linnard is more honored as one of its thoroughly respected and esteemed citizens. HON. JOHN A. MANLY. of the early pioneers to the great mineral belt of which Rossland and Grand Forks are two of the principal centers of trade and enterprise, Hon. John A. Manly is one of the most widely known and (listinguished. Bom in the state of Ohio among the most enterpris- ing people on the continent, and edu- cated to the profession of a civil engi- neer at Ann Arbor, Michigan, young Manly received both by precept and edu- cation such incentives to exertion and en- terprise as seldom fail to manifest them- selves in the career of their recipients. At the age of twenty-one years, young Manly had become prominent in his pro- fession, and at twenty-two, he, as Civil Engineer-in-Chief, built the Chicago & West Michigan Railway. From railroad building he engaged in the lumber busi- ness and manufacturing in Michigan, and subsequently organized a publishing com- pany at Chicago, of which he was for a number of years the president. It is more especially, however, of Mr. Manly's British Columbia life and enter- prises that we designed to speak. At the beginning of this we are reminded of an oft' repeated statement of his, viz: "No good country can be so remote and inac- cessible from civilization that it can for a long time remain so in this age of enter- prise." We are inclined to the opinion that the education, observation and ex- perience which gave that thought to John A. Manly prompted him also to look for such an unoccupied country, and looking to the Northwest, he saw it in his mind's eye in British Columbia. His coming over rough and seldom used trails to the Kettle River and Kootenay country eleven years ago was the natural sequence of a thought over which the reader of these lines will do well to ponder. The writer having had the pleasure of meet- ing Mr. Menly at intervals of a few years during the last decade, remembers well how, at one of California's palatial hotels, Mr. Manly tried to impress his fellow guests with the great future in store for this section. He remembers, too, that while all admired the colored photo- graphs of Mr. Manly's Kettle River ranch and his beautiful Holstein cattle, that they gave an unwilling ear to Mr. Manly's statements of the great mineral resources of this section. All can now see that had he been absolutely sure of his predictions, Mr. Manly could hardly have laid his plans more wisely. The first neces-sity of all enterprises is food ; to provide that for the coming rush of prospectors, miners and others whom he saw in the distance, Mr. Manly began ten years ago to stock his 4,000 acre ranch with cattle. The result was that when the rush finally came it found him pre- pared ti feed it, and he did furnish much of the beef that was eaten in the district for three years from his own ranch. But he had builded even better than he knew ; for having selected his Kettle river prop- erty solely with reference to its desira- bility as a farm and ranch, he has been greatly suprised to find upon it and in the mountains surrounding it, some of the richest mineral veins in British Columbia. The result has been that a new mining section has sprun'j into existence and the town of Grand Porks has sprung up on his Kettle river ranch, which, at less than twelve months of age, numbers 1,000 souls. Naturally and very fortunately for the town, Mr. Manly was made the first Mayor of Grand Forks. We say fortu- nately for the town, for we chance to know that his study and close observation of municipal affairs have given Mayor Manly advanced ideas on the duties and prerog- atives of public officials, as well as of the people's rights to public utilities. We feel safe in venturing the assertion that free franchise hunters will find little op- portunity to fatten on any town where John A. Manly has a voice in its munici- pal affairs. Mayor Manly has not, however, con- fined his enterprises to the Kettle River country. He built and still owns the International Hotel at Ros.sland, and is the owner of much other valuable prop- erty here. He has mining property ga- lore, and is a recognized prophet of pros- perity. Perhaps, after all, the most in- teresting and satisfying thing we can say of Mayor Manly is that, being a man of wide experience, observation and infor- mation, his fortune has not made a fool of him, and that he is as approachable as the humblest ranch hand or other em- ployee in any of his varied and many en- terprises. C C WOODHOUSE, Jr. There is no calling or profession in life wherein a reliable man is needed more than in the profession of mining engi- neer. Upon his judgment and integrity large investments of capital are made and great undertakings begun. He may be a theoretical man without practical ex- perience; in that case he will fail to ac- complish good work, on account of the blunders he will make owing to his lack of experience. He may be a practical man with little theoretical knowledge; in this case he works to a disadvantage, by not understanding the fundamental principles of the profession. Therefore, in order to attain the highest degree of accomplishment in the profession of min- ing engineering the subject must begin young in school, and get a good ed- ucation; then, upon this ■;eneral knowl- edge for a foundation, he must take up the special branches of sciehce which will especially qualify him for the profession, namely: a.ssaying, chemis- try, mineralogy, geology, surveying, mechanics and bookkeeping. This be- ing accomplished at tne age of, say twenty-one, he is now ready to begin f4 ROSSLAND AND TliE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT I gaining practical experience, and of the latter he wants plenty. Ten years more practical work in the assay office, smelt- ers, mills, mines and field will suffice to endow him with sufficient knowledge and experience to be rated as a good niin-. ing engineer. He can continue to study, practice and improve by experience, un- til his sun of life approaches the western horizon, when younger men willingly shoulder his burdens. There must ever be present the qualification of honesty in the mining engineer ; one who would inisrepre.<;ent facts or sell out is like unto the pilot who will ruthlessly lead the ship on the shoals for the sake of plun- der. C. C. Woodhousp Jr., mining engi- neer, at Rossland, has been over the road outlined in the al)ove remarks. He, with Fred M. Wells, an explorer of some repute, is working out a five years' min- ing partnership contract, with Mr. H. R. Forster, a wealthy Canadian gentleman. Together they constitute The Kamloops Mining and Dsvelopment Company, lim- ited liability, of Rossland. After two years' work, the Company is able to pay 500 per cent, on the original capital in- vested. Mr. Woodhouse's father was one of the pioneer mining camp merchants in the western United States, and young Wood- liouse was born and reared in a mining country. He was educated for his pro- fession at Knox College, Illinois. Since leaving school, he has seen over fifteen practical years' service in the mines, mills, smelters, field and assay offices in the western United States and two years' in British Columbia. He conducts a first- class mining and assay office in Ross- land, with a good office staff, and re- ports on properties throughout British Columbia. His reports are conservative and reliable, and large sums of money have b:;en invested upon them. His past record is his future recommendation to the public. of them are in the Kootenays, among which are some fine properties. The Company's Canadian office is lo- cated a^ Rossland, in its own building, which is one of the best on First avenue. The office is tastefully fitted, with many of the modern conveniences, and is one of the neatest and roomiest in Rossland. This office and the Canadian business are in charge of W. H. Corbould, as general manager and A. B. Irwin, as local secre- tary. Both are too well known in British Columbia mining circles to need intro- duction or encomium, but it may be ad- ded that Mr. Corlrauld is a London, Eng- land, man, v/hose experiences as a mining engineer and manager of mining proper- ties have been many and valuable. Mr IrWin is an American, who, having been one of the pioneers of the Trail Creek district, is one among the best informed men in the district on Kootenay proper- ties. THE CANADIAN PACIFIC EXPLORATION, Limited. There is hartlly better evidence of the esteem iu which British Columbia mining properties are held in England by conser- vative investors, than may be found in the personnel of The Canadian Pacific Ex- ploration, Limited. The governing board IS composed of Lord Powerscourt, chair- man ; .\ Joshua, E<q., London ; Dr. J. H. Trouucir, London ; T. Kdwanles, Esq., London ; H. McLean, M. P. for Cardiff; (». H. Haywood, Esq., London; B. Rev, Es<|., Paris, Fiance, and H. B. Cheslyn Callow, Secretary. The head office of The Canadian Pacific Exploration, Liniite<l, is at K8 Cannon street. Lorjdon, Eng. The company was chartered in London, with acapitalof five hundred thousand pounds, for the pur- poses 6f exploration, location, purchase, sale, development and working of niining properties in Canada. Of something more than twenty properties, now owned or under the control of the company, most ALEXANDER LYNCH. Aside and apart from the -actual and increa.sing output of the mines of the Trail Creek district, and especially of those immediately adjacent to Rossland, there could hardly be a better promise of the continued prosperity of the district and the future of Rossland than is found in the fact that so great a number of old ; and experienced mining men are engaged : in mining and in business in the district. ] Among those in business in Rossland, i few, if indeed any, have had more ex- tended experience and observation in, : and of the many mining sections of the I West than Alex. Lynch. Abbreviated names are the rule among mining men, hence, although having headed this article with Mr. Lynch's full name his I many old-time friends will better recog- nize him as Alex. Lynch. Mr. Lynch was born in Montreal, and left that Province for the gold (ields of California in 1855. He has since spent more than forty years among miningmen ; and in mining camps. He was one of the , six discoverer? of the celebrated Stunkeen I mines, in 1862 ; he was in the Boise basin I in 1863 ; he was at Wild Horse Creek in ! 1864 ; and in 1866 with the rush to the Big Bend of the Columbia river. He ; went to Eureka, Nevada, in 187 1 and was ] there in the palmiest days of that phe- nomenal camp. He returned to the north as far as Baker City, Oregon, in 1875, and becoming interested there, secured some valuable mining property, a part of which he still retains. His next venture was at Silver City Idaho, in 1878. The railway building boom, then at its ; zenith, needed experienced men as fore- men and contractors. Many men were ' attracted from the mining camps, and Mr. I^ynch was among the number. He secured valuable contracts from both the Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific railway companies, and establishing his head(|uarters at Spokane, in 1880, became a railway builder, and made that city his home until he came to the Trail Creek district, 1893, anil established a general I store at Trail. It is worthy of note that Mr. Lynch furnished the supplies to the townsite company for its surveyors and for the erection of the Clifton" Hotel, and that the firm of Lynch & Stewart opened the second or third store of Rossland in that part of the Clifton House now occupied by the dining room. Mr. Lynch is at present, and has been since 1895, associated with Thomas Wilson in the general merchandise business, under the finn name of Thos. Wilson & Co., Mr. Lynch having the management of the business. Of the many personal interests and individuals that contributed to making a city of Rossland, tliere seem to have been few conflicting ones, and it is alike creditable to all of the old pio- neers that they, all and each, have a good word to say of each other. We may, however, without reflection on any one, say that none among them all stand higher in the esteem of their old time friends and of the public than this old pioneer miner, railway contractor and merchant, Alex. Lynch. P. BURNS. It may be safely stated that there is not another name in the mining sections of British Columbia that is so frequently mentioned as that of P. Burns, the cattle, king of the Kootenays. The reason is found in the fact that Mr. Burns feeds the people. It is also asserted with every ap- pearance of truth, that the miners of British Columbia are, as a class, the best fed laborers in the world. One of the prime reasons may be found in the fact of there being such a splendid stock country in British Columbia and Alberta, and the facility with which, under a sin- gle management, the best beeves, .mut- ton and hogs are furnished to the butch- ers. It is cause for hardly less surprise at the fact than recognition of his execu- tive abilities, that Mr. Burns furnishes fresh beef, mutton antl pork at wholesale to all the retail butchers in Rossland, Trail, Nelson, Ainsworth, Quartz Creek, Salmo, Three Forks, New Denver, Silver- ton, Ymir and Slocan City. Me brings butchering stock largely direct from his own ranch, near Calgary, Alberta to his slaughterhouses. To do so, he is neoe.s- sarily continually buying. In many in- stances he buys a ranch and bran<l out- right. Patrick Burns was lx)rn in Kirkfield, Ontario. His business career in British Columbia, while having been so largely in fnrnishing supplies to the niining towns and camps of the Kootenays, is no less marked by his having bought prop- erty in all the to'-.ns named, and his hav- ing erected buiMings in most of them. i Among those owned by him in Rossland, I is the Burns block, which he built in 1896, I anil is one of the finest blocks in the I city. I Mr. Burns' large and successful business ' is one of the many evidences in Rossland I that gold may be legitimately gathered t Mr. Lynch the townsite and for the el, and that t opened the land in that ow occupieil lid has been lomasWilson % business, >s. Wilson & management any personal t contributed I, there seem ones, and it the old pio- 1, have a good r. We may, on any one, em all stand heir old time han this old mtractor and that there is ning sections so frequently ■ns, the cattle- ["he reason is urns feeds the vith every ap- le miners of :la8S, the best One of the 1 in the fact ilendid stock and Alberta, , under a sin- beeves, iiuit- to the butch- ss surprise at of his execu- rns furnishes at wholesale in Rossland, Juart/. Creek, nver, Silver- He brings rect from his Ib^rta, to his lie is iieoes- In many in- d brand out- in Kirkfield, er in British Ml so largely the mining otenays, is no bought prop- and his hav- lost of them. in Rossland, ; built in 1896, ilocks in the !ssful business s ill Rossland tely gath?re<l ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 15 here by many who do not dig for it. We may add, however, that Mr. Bums is, like almost all business men in a mining section, to some extent interested in min- ing properties; but that such holdings are more or less incidental to his more im- portant business enterprises. Mr. Burns first came to the Kootenays in 1892. His first business venture was at Nelson in that year. By 1895, his trade had extended to the Trail Creek district, and he established a branch at Rossland. His trade has since, as before stated, extended to every camp in the Kootenays. P. Burns is still in the very prime of a young, vigorous manhood. If we may judge rightly from his genial, happy smile and manner, his numerous business cares sit very lightly upon him. He has beyond question served himself while serving the people ; but it is the univer- sal expression that he has served the peo- ple well, and no man in the Kootenays stands higher for integrity ol purpose and character than Patrick Burns. state of Wa.sliingtoii, and for occupation has turned his band to whatever it found to do, having lieen a fanner, in business, a railway train hand, a prospector and a miner. While making no pretense of be- ing an expert, it may be said of Mr. Cole tliat he is one of Rosslaiid's practical mining men who have succeeded without expert knowledge. It may be added, also, that he stands deservedly well in mining and business circles. JOHN Y.COLE. The noteworthy individual successes in the Trail Creek district seem, in many instances, to have been due quite as much to personal tact and ability as to excep- tional opportunities. As an instance in point we cite Mr. John Y. Cole, a young man, who, coining to British Columbia in 1892 as an employee of the S. F. & N. Ry Co., and without previous experience in a mining camp, left that company to en- gage in prospecting and mining. His first work in the camp was employment as a hand in the I. X. h. mine, and so rapid was his advancement that he was within two month!, after h.'ginitig work given entire charge as foreman of the mine. But if Mr. Cole was tactful and com- petent, he was also fortunate, for within a month after his arrival in the camp, he, on one of his limited prospecting trips, located the now celebrated O. K. mine. After incorporating a company tor the (). K. property, he sold out his entire inter- est in the property, in 1895. Mr. Cole was fortunate also in his purchase of the property known as the White Bear Mine, of which he is the general manager an<l principal owner. The White Hear Mine adjoins the I,e Roi, and is one of Ro.s.sland's most valua- ble properties. Its machinery equipMient is among the best in the district, and its ore exceptionally good. The develop- ment work done includes a lyo-foot ver- tical shaft and a drift of 1,^0 feet on the 100-foot level. The principal vein is from ten to twelve feet across, and runs JtiS.oo to the ton in gold and two to three per cent, in copper. The White Bear Com- pany has an incorporated, paid-up capital of J2,ooo,ooo.oo, with ^500,000.00 in the treasury. John Y. Cole was born in Oneida county. New York, but has been ir.my years in the West. He was educated in tiie public .schools of the Dakotas and the LOUIS BLUE. Lumbtt Producer and Dealer. Louis Blue is one ol Rossland's most prominent and enterprising business men. He was one of the early comers to the camp, an<l has been, perhaps, more closely identified with the building of Rossland than any other one man — the founder of the town not excepted. He built his saw mill, which is situated at the foot of the north slope of Red Moun- tain, on Stony Creek, before the townsite of Rossland was platted, and was, until ' comparatively recently, the only lumber dealer in the Trail Creek district. Besides his saw mill and lumber yards on Stony Creek, Mr. Blue is the owner of sawmill.s at Ytuir and at Greenwood City, i Boundary Creek. He is a producer of ' native lumber, in larger quantities than i any other man in the Trail Creek dis- trict. He can, therefore, successfully ' meet all competitors, both as to quality I and as to prices. He supplies the bulk of lumber consumed in the Trail Creek, ' Ymir and Boundary districts, anil ships, besides, to other districts throughout the ! Kootenay country. His mill at Stony I Creek, being less than two miles from ' the Red Mountain Rv. tracks, at Ros.s- land, and his mill and yards at Ymir be- ing practically on the railroad, he pos- .sesses superior advantages for receiving and forwarding. Mr. Blue recently built and equipped, near his sawmill, on Stony Creek, Ross- land's first steam laundry, known :is the Queen Steam Laundry. The 'aundry business is owned and condiicte<l by the (inn of Blue & Hirsh. This is an enter- prise of which Rossland has long felt tlie need, and the ready response to the .solicitation of the management for pat- ronage is at once an evidence of the ap- preciation of Rosslanders for a thorough- ly modern laundry, anil an assurance of the success of the enterprise. .\iiotlier of Rossland's new industries, in which Mr. Blue is largely concerned, is the Lion Brewery, which has just been completed and put into operation. Mr. Blue is president of the Lion Brewing Company, and the iiest fortune we can wish this great concern is that it may enjoy the same unbroken success that lias atteiuled the many other enterprises with which his name is so prominently connected. Louis Blue was born a countryman of the patriot Kossuth ; but, while yet a ; boy, was brought by his parents from ■ Hungary to the riiitJd States. He grew to manhood in the state of New York, and engaged in merchandising in the great metropolis. Kleven years ago he came west, and made his home in Spo- kane, Washington. Three years later he founded the town of Kettle Falls, one of the prosperous little towns of northeast- ern Washington, situated at the con- Huence of the Colville and the Columbia. He was one of the first alderman of Kettle Falls, and a portion of the town is now known, in honor to its founder, as Blue Town. Mr. Blue has been eight years in the lumber busines.-i. Like nearly all of our prominent citizens, he is interested to some extent in mining and other enter- prises, but only as matters of secondary co.isideration. He prefers to be known, as he is called throughout tlie Kootenays, "Blue, the lumber man." CHARLES. O. LALONDE Among the prominent merchants who have purclia.sed real estate in Rossland, none have taken a more active part in promoting the growth of the town and in the interests ol .schools and public util- ities than Charles O. Lalonde, the im- porter and <lealer in boots, shoes, trunks, rubber goods, etc. Mr. Lalonde came to Rossland in 1895, and established the pioneer Ixxit aiul shoe store of the place. Boots and shoes were then sold by all general merchants, hence, in spite of Mr. Lalonde's very complete stock, he found at first slow sale for his goods. This fact, added to his faith in the future of Rossland, led him to purchase business property and engage in building, the result of which has been ino.st gratifying. One of the largest and finest business blocks in the city is known as the Lalonde & Rodier Block. Mr. Lalonde's outsi<le ventures did not however, take his attention entirely from merchandising, and it is gratifyviig to note that liis boot and shoe i)usiness, having constantly increased wi;h the business of the town and the increase of population, is now the one of the largest of the kind in this part of British Columbia. Charles O. Lalomle was born in Vaud- reuii. Province of Qiubec, Canada. He left his native Province in 1875, and set- tling at Port Arthur, Ontario, became a clerk in a mercantile house, from which position he engaged in business for him- self. He became a leading citizen as well as prominent merchant of Port Arthur, and besides holding other positions of trust, was three times a member of the Port Arthur City Council. There are many former residents of Port Arthur in Ros.sland. It was but nat- ural they should have favored Mr. La- londe for office in the municipal govern- ment in Ro.ssland. Their wislies, together with the earnest, solicitation of many other friends, leil Mr. Lalonde to accej)! a place on the city .school lx>ard, a posi- tion for which he is especially well quali- fied, end to allow his name to be rut forward as a candidate for the position of Rossland's first mayor. i6 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CSSEXi DISTRICT It is, we think, penniMible to say that the high personal esteem in which Mr. Lalonde is held by so many of the best people of Rossland ought to be ample compensation for his defeat for the may- oralty. We may add that Mr. Lalonde's business and property interests are such in Rossland that he could hardly feel less desirous ot seeing a wise municipal gov- ernment of the city and its permanent prosperity, in his private capacity as a property owner and citizen, than he could have desired as mayor. WM, McQueen, b. a. City Clerk and Treasurer of Rovland. Wni. McQueen, Rossland's first City Clerk, was a farmer's boy, and was torn in the county of Huron, Province of On- tario, in 1862. Inheriting a taste for study, common to his Scotch ancestry, the farmer boy became a school teacher at the age of eighteen, and later com- pleted his education at the University of Toronto, at Toronto, Ontari' After fin- ishing his university course, young Mc- Queen again took up his work as teacher, which he followed as a profession up to the time of his resigning his position in the Park Hill, Ontario, High School, with a view of coming to Rossland, B. C. Mr. McQueen arrived in Rossland in February of the present year, and al- though a comparative stranger, was hon- ored by the appointment to his present position of trust and responsibility, .scarcely three months following the date of his arrival. THE QUEEN RESTAURANT. George W. Myers, Proprietor. It has been our purpo.se in preparing the business sketches for the First His- tory of Rossland to give those which are representative in their lines. In the sub- ject of ihis sketch, the public will recog- nize a leader. "The Queen" was established in July, 1896, and was purchased by Mr. G. W. Myers, the present owner, in September, 1896. It may truthfully be said that it is the peer of any restaurant in Rossland. The culinary department is presided over by a skilled chef, and the tables are bountifully supplied with the best the market affords of everything. A spec- ialty is made of short orders, and in this line "The Queen" stands alone in its ex- cellence. "The Queen" is furnished to seat twenty people at one sitting. There are private booths for those desiring them, and the service is all that can be desired. G.W. Myers, proprietor of "The Queen, ' ' was born in Maryland. He has, however, been on the Pacific coast for a number of years, and was, immediately before com- ing to Rossland, a successful merchant at Kvcrett, Washington. By the character of the patrons he at- tracts, no less than by his success in con- ducting "The Queen," Mr. Myers has shown himself well qualified as a caterer to the public palate, and, as well, a relia- ble and successful business man. The reader can make no mistake in patroniz- ing "The Queen," especially for short orders. THE CENTRAL HOTEL. Jackson & Almttrom, Proprietors. It is an interesting fact that Rossland's best buildings have been built and are owned by former prospectors and miners. Among the hotel business this is conspic- uously so, the last prominent instance being in the building and furnishing of the Central Hotel, completed in May, and now just opened to the public. The Central is not one of Rossland's largest hotels, but it is a little gem with 40 guest rooms and all modern improve- ments, including furnace heating, electric lights, electric call and return call bells, baths, rooms single and en-suite, and every comfort and convenience of the modern first-class hotel. The furniture is all new, the parlor, dining room, office and many of the guest rooms command one of the most attractive views in the city. The Central is a fine, modern three- story structure, with a wide veranda, ex- tending completely around two sides of the building. The location, only one block from the business portion of the city, but far enough to avoid the noise, is all that could tie desired, and, as the building fronts on two streets, practically all the guests rooms are outside rooms. The offices, writing room, dining room and bar are all on the ground floor. The parlors are on the second floor, and, like the forty guest rooms, are all that could be desired in size, sunlight, ventilation and furnishings. 1 he house has scientific sanitary plumbing throughout, and con- veniently located baths with hot and cold water. In short, the Central Hotel is strictly first-class. It is conducted on both 'he American and European plans, and guests are provided with every con- venience and luxury obtainable in any mining town in British Columbia or else- where. The Central was built, and is owned and conducted by August Jackson and J. E. Almstrom. Mr. Jackson is an old prospector and miner, who, coming to Trail Creek in 1891, engaged in prospect- ing and mining, and was here at the lay- ing out of the town in 1894. He is well- known in mining and business circles, and has contributed in no small degree to the building of Rossland. Mr. Alm- strom, who came more recently to Ross- land, from St. Paul, Minn., isan old hotel man, and, as such, is very well known to the traveli g public. Messrs. Jackson and Almstrom built and own the Central Hotel in co-partner- ship, and will conduct it in like manner. i Their bus meets all arriving and depart- I ing trains, and every courtesy and atten- tion will bs shown to guests in the care of their baggage and in every other posi- sible manner. INTERNATIONAL HOTEL "Whoe'er haa traveled life's dnll round. Where'er hi* atages may have bf en, May sigh to think he atill haa Tound The warmeat welcome at an inn." The International Hotel is only less celebrated thin Rossland. The latter is known throi it the commercial world as the cente one of the most richly- mineralized . ions on the continent of North Amei- . , the latter is known to all visitors to the magic city of Rossland, and is famed abroad for its good cheer and hospitality. The International is a two-story struc- ture of sixty guest rooms, with modern improvements, wide halls, the largest public reception room in the city, well- stocked bar and attractive billiard room, and, connected with them, a large and well-appointed concert room for the free use and entertainment of "uests. To be known and fully appreciated the International must be eiijuyed. A dis- tinguished "globe-trotter," in speaking of the International, said: "I can find a hotel having more pretensions and capac- ity in almost every city on the continent; but there is only one" like this, and lor good cheer and entertainment there is not another on the continent to compare with the International Hotel at Ros.s- land." The International was built in 1895 by Hon. John A. Manly, a personal sketch of whom will be found on another page. It is almost needless to add that the International is easily one of the most popular hotels and resorts in Rossland. Free concerts and theatricals are given every evening, and the best of everything in the way of refreshments is served by polite and attentive waiters. ROSSLAND'S ELECTRIC PLANT. The electric plant of the Rossland Water & Light Company, limited, con.sists of the following: A large, heavy frame building, 337 100 feet, with sheet iron roof, covers tUo en- tire plant. A battery of three boilers, 80 horse-power each, with a large duplex Wortliington steam pump and feed- water heater occupies the first forty feet from the east end of the building, which is partitioned off from the dynamo and en- gine room. The steam pump is used only in case of trouble with the water mains, the water and light company being one corporation. At the power-house there is an hy- draulic pressure of 200 pounds to the square inch on a: ' pipes. Fire hy<lrants are arranged at various points in the building, and nearly every one of the employees are familiar and thoroughly versed and drilled in the munipulatiou uf I 'i T ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 17 is an hy- ids to the hyUrants ints' ill the iiie of the thoroughly pulalioii of hose and other fire apparatus. They are prepared to answer the call of their chief at any moment of the day or night, thus forming, under the excessive pressure and system, one of the most efficient f..e brigades ever organized. Another unique feature that is worthy of note, in connec- tion with the plant.is a 24 inch Pelton water motor, substantially built to operate un- der the almve pressure. This motor is belted to the main counter-shaft, and psiists the engine during heavy lo&J. This is of considera'ble value ancl impor- tance, as 50 HP. is obtained from this little wheel, working under the given head. The engines are u beautiful pair of Cor- liss engines, with one main crank shaft and a fifteen foot driving wheel hung be- tween them. They were built by the Edward P. AUis Co., of Milwaukee, who have won the enviable reputation of being one of the best (if not the best) machinery builders in the States. A 26 inch double leather belt, of the celebrated "Crown" brand, of Robin, Saddle & Haworth, Montreal, transmits the power generated by these engines to the main counter- shaft, which runs the full width of the building, and to which are belted the four Edison dynamos. Two of these <lynamos are of 750 light capacity each, and the other two are of 750 lights for the pair. The machines are connected upon the "three wire" system, and the arrange- ment of switches on the switch-board is such that the smaller machines can be thrown in together in multiple, either on the positive or negative side, thus taking the place of either of the large machines in ca.se of a burn out; or they can be switched in on the bus bars, one on each side of the system. Thermostats are placed on all the principal bearings and connected with an annunciator in the chiefs hou.se, which is close to the plant. As soon as any of the bearings rise to a given temperature, the alarm is given, aii<l the bearing getting hot is registered on the annunciator. The above plant is only intended as a temporary one, as the company have in view a long distance transmission scheme for purpose of giving light and power to the West Kootenay district. Nevertheless the present plant, in equipment and de- sign, is worthy of a better fate than con- signment to the bone yard when its rival the transmission plant, takes posseasion of the field. J. R. MILLER. J. R. Miller, the pioneer commercial traveler to the Kooteiiays, is .spending a month at the Allan House, and besides holding the key to one of the hotel's largest sample rooms, is looking over his real estate interests. Mr. Miller first came to the Kootenays with his samples, in 1888. He represents a half dozen manufactures, more or le.ss, and travels from Montreal. He makes two trips each year tc all the cities, towns and mining camps of the Kootenays, and extends his trips to Vancouver and Vic- ! toria. I J. R. Miller was Ijoni in the Province , of Ontario, and now claims a residence at ' Winnipeg, Manitoba, but he is so widely and well known he might claim a citizen- ship in other Provinces, and especially in British Columbia. I Commercial travelers, as a rule, are not investors, but Mr. Miller is an exception, ! for besides owning a valuable mining , claim, he has made large investments in ' town and city property 111 British Colum- bia. He owns a few lots at Nelson, at Sandon, at Kaslo, at Trail, and in owning thirty-five lots here, is said to be the owner of more real estate in this city than any other one man \n Rossland. This fact is no less a conviiment to Rossland than an evidence of .Mr. Miller's clear ken into the future of the town at a time when there were many doubting Thoma.set,. We need not forbear to add that Mr. Miller might find it to his interest to be- come a Rosslander in fact, as he evidently is in faith. He has many warm friends here, and would be welcomed by our merchants, especially if he kept up his line of samples and continued to wear his usual genial smile. ROBBINS & LONG. Anayen and Chemists. It may be doubted if there is another a.ssaying firm in the whole of the world- famous Kootenay country the individual members of which enjoy a better reputa- tion for their .scientific attainments and valuable experience than those of the firm of Robbins & Long. Chas. P. Robbins was bom in the state of Idaho, and spent his early life in the mining sections of his native state. He was for a number of years connected with the Eureka Consolidated Mining Com- pany, at Eureka, Nevada, and was, prior to coining to Rossland three years ago, located in the C(Eur d'Alenes' of Idaho. His reputation had preceded him to British Kootenay, and on arriving in Rossland, met with immediate recogni- tion. Up to a year ago he was well known as assayer for the celebrated War Eagle mine, and since as a member of one of Rossland's leading assaying firms. Leo H. Long is a native of the state of Utah. He has been among the mines since his childhood, and like his business as.sociate, Mr. Robbins, came to Ros.slaiid from the Coeur d'Alenes. He arrived in this district two years ago, and was also connected with the War Eagle mine up to the time he became a member of the firm of Robbins & Long. His experience in the mining districts of Utah, Montana, Idaho and Briti.sh Columbia has b<?en ex- tensive, and like Mr. Robbins, he may be said to be a graduate of the school of practical experience. The firm's office and laboratorv are eligi- bly located on the south side of Columbia avenue, four doors west of Spokane street. The laboratory and furnace room are modern in equipment, and the facilities I are unexcelled in the Trail Creek district. Messrs. Robbins & Long devote their whole time and personal attention to 1 their business, and one or l)oth members : of the firm may always be found at the ' office during business hours. I The firm has a large clientage among j mine owners and brokers, as well as with I prospectors and the general mining I public. Ore is received for assay from I all over British Columbia, and all reports on ores are guaranteed to be correct. This finn still does as.saving for the War Eagle mine and for various others which I are no less well known. It is permissable t say in conclusion I that Messrs. Robbins and Long are pleas- I ant gentleman, and that their pronii- { nencc as a firm is second only to the high I personal regard in which they arc lielil [ by their many friends and patrons. i^ N. P. SASH AND DOOR FACTORY. Scott & Pluc, PtOfS. Tlie N. P. .Sash & Door Factory is one of Ros.sland's new enterprises, having been built in April and May of the pres- ent year, and put into operation aliout June ist. The mill is equipped through- out with the best wood working mach- inery money can buy, and the work turned out is the best that can be done by master mechanics with the best modern equipped plant. This is a custom mill, and a general planing mill business is done. The scope of work is too broad to admit of going into details in the space accorded to this sketch, but we may name as specialties the manutacture of sash, doors, blinds, mouldings, turnings, brackets, screen doors, windows, etc. A specialty is also made of fret work and grill work, Imnk office and saloon fixtures, etc. The facilities of this planing mill are unexcelled in the Trail Creek district. II has a capacity for about twenty-five work- men, and none but skilled mechanics are employed. Messrs. Scott & Plue are master mechanics, and have personal su- perintendence of the mill. They will be glad to submit designs and estimates on application for work in their line, and the acceptance of a contract by the'-i may be taken as a guarantee of satisfa.-- tion. It is a fact worthy of note that this mill in no sense enters the field as a competi- tor with its patrons. The management confines its work almost wholly to manu- facturing, and many of its best patrons are contractors and architects. The N. P. Sash & Door Factory is lo- cated at the corner of Second avenue and Davis street. Being on the Red Moun- tain tracks, it possesses exceptional facil- ities for receiving and forwarding — quite an item, when it is realized that Messrs. Scott & Plue ship their product all over the Kootenay country. They buy alto- gether from local mills, and solicit home pationage. )8 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT John Scott {» a native of Oregon, and ' W. I). Plue of the "Rmpire" state. Mr. i Scott has h^eii in the saw mill businesii all his life, and came to Koswland from • liiH native xt^te. Mr. I'hie was formerly H contractor and builder of Portland, Or- egon. THE ROSSLAND. "Jetty" SpcUman, Proprietor. The Kosstand dates from 1894, and was the second hotel built in the then strug- KlinK village of Rossland. The house has always bzen only less popular than "Jerry" Spellman, it's otvner and manager, and as ' such has from pioneer days been the ■ favorite resort and common meeting place for "old-timers." The bar of the Rossland is supplied : with the line.st wines, whiskies, ale.s, por- ters, beers and other liquor that money can buy, and its stock of imported cigars is second to no other in the city. Many a mining deal has here been propo.>.ed and closed, with an accompaniment of Hot Scotch, Canadian Club and Havana cigars. Such places of popular resort serve to relax tense nerves and o'erwrought brain, j and it may be doubted if they do not play as important a part in the development of the great natural resources of the Northwest as other concomitants of a live minin{^ town to which nmch more impor- tance IS commonly attached. J. C. Spellman, proprietor of The Ross- land, having first seen the light in the "Wooden Nutmeg" state of New Eng- land, was by birth a Yankee, but by 1 adoption and by twenty years residence in the mountains and on the Pacific slope [ he has become a typical western man, with { all the geniality and bon homie that com- j prehen^ve teriii implies. Mr. Spellman was formerly in business for some years in Spokane, and more recently at Bound- ary City. He came from the latter place to Rossland in 1894. He has still impor- tant mining interests at Cedar Creek, near Boundary City, and, besides being interested in some of Rossland's develop- ed mines, is the owner of some valuable prospects. Mr. Spellman is exceptionally well ac(juainted with the mines l)eing worked m the district, and, as well, with prospects awaiting development ; and we may add there is no citizen of Rossland to whom a stranger may go for informa- tion with a greater certainty of getting an impartial statement of facts respecting the mines and prospects of this great mineral • ized belt, than to J. C. Spellman. MUTUAL COLLECTION CO. Harrry E. Lippmatm^ Secretary and Manager Very few of Ros.sIand's young business men are better known, and none more favorably so than Harry E. Lippmann, secretary and manager of the Mutual Collection Company. Mr. Lippmann is a native of Brooklyn, N. Y. He has been seven years in th3 mountains, five of them having been spent at Butte, Montana, where he was connected with the Mutual Collection Company of Montana. He has been nearly two years in Ross- land, and since February of last year lias held a position of trust with Hunter Brothers, one of Rossland's largest mer- cantile firms. Mr. I.ippmann has (luite recently or- ganized the Mutual Collection Company of Rossland, as a branch of the Mutual Collection Company of Montana. Thisis a thoroughly up-to-date enterprise, and and will be a great convenience to busi- ness men, as well as to the public gener- ally. The general plan of the business puts the Rossland secretary and manager in communication with the company's attorneys throughout the Dominion of Canada and the United States. The coni- pany's legal advisors here are Harris, McNeill & Deacon, solicitors and bar- risters. The company takes collections at all points in Cana((a and the United States, for a moderate commission, and makes prompt remittances of collections tc to clients. No advance fee is charged, and if collections are not made clients are put to no expense. These very liberal terms should, with so competent and popular a manager, make the Ross- land branch of the Mutual Collection Company a success. A. S. KERRY & CO. Lumbzr Dealen. There is probably no name in the North- west better known to the lumber trade than that of A, S. Kerry. Mr. Kerry is a large sawmill owner, and as president of the company of which we are writ- ing, is an exporter of lumber to China and Japan. The Rossland branch of the business was established in December, 1896, and is conducted under the joint manage- ment of Messrs. Rosleaf and Kibler, man- ager and secretary-treasurer, respectively, of the company. Mr. Kerry, who re- sides permanently in Seattle, conducts the main business of the company at that point. The scope covered by the business of the Rossland branch embraces the sale of rough lumber, kiln-dried finishing lum- ber, lath, shingles, doors, windows, lime, brick, etc. The company is also Ross- land agent for R. Miller, of the Butte Mills, who is a large producer of native lumber. The success of the Rossland house dates from its establish'nent, and it is safe to say there have been few buildings erected in Rossland since the begining of the present year, in which this house has not placed some of its material. This is especially so in the case of lime, in which article, we are informed, A. S. Kerry & Co. are the leading dealers in Rossland. The well-merited reputation I for fair and honorable dealing Messrs. I Rosleaf and Kibler have won for the Romland branch <• in harmony with the high esteem entertained for the par- ent house at Seattle; and in conclusion we cannot <lo more than to commend this house to the continued confidence and patronage of the public. ROSSLAND'S FIRST BREWERY John Murphy, Proprietor. A chronological history of Rosslan<l, from its founding to the present lime, would have to be measured by weeks or days rather than by years or months. From the erection of Us first building, the progress of the town was so rapid that some new enterprise was born every week, and almost every day. Among those enterprises whose early advent oc- casions surprise, John Murphy's Brewery is one ; for it was in operation and was selling beer as early as May, 1895, less than one year from the platting of the town. Mr. Murphy came to the camp from Cal- gary, N. W. T., in 1894, and, finding an old acquaintance and friend in Mr. Ro.ss Thompson, remained here. He assisted in the survey of the town, and, a.sking no concessions, txiught two of the first lots sold by the town company, upon which ' to establish his brewery. Needless to add, Rossland's first brewer has enjoyed I a trade equal to its capacity from its first ! brew to the present writing, and notwith- ! standing its formidable competitors, it is "still in the ring," producing lager beer, steam beer, ale and porter. There is a , )x>ttling plant in connection with the brewery, and patrons are, therefore, served with bottled goo<ls as well as keg I goo<1s. I John Murphy was torn in the Province ! of Nova Scotia; but he has been m.nny i years in the West. He was in the North- west Territory as early as in 1878. He was for some time employed in sawmill ; and railway work and had his first expe- i rience as a brewer at Banff Hot Springs, ! N. W. T. He came to British Columbia ' in 1888, and, as before stated, to Trail ! Creek in 1894. Mr. Murphy employs skilled and ex- i perienced German brewers. He uses the best of imported malt and hops from the States, the former coming from San Fran- cisco and the latter from the hop fields of Washington. The products of his brew- ery compare favorably with the best beers, ales and porters of commerce, and he has built up a trade fully equal to the capacity of his brewery, which will likely hold for a long time, notwithstand- ing the recent building of larger and more pretensions breweries in Ro.ssland. THE PIONEER STABLES. Geo. Baker & Co. As the name implies, The Pioneer Sta- bles were the first livery stables estab- I I'shed in Rossland, having lieen built and j stocked in the summer of 1894. They are 1' noiiy with r the par- conclusion coiimien<l confidence lEWERY tor. f Kosslanil, esent lime, jy weeks or or months. it building, as so rapid born every y. AmonK ■ advent oc- y's Brewery on and was ly, 1895. less tting of the inpfromCal- , finding an in Mr. Ross He assisted d, asking no the first lots upon which Needless to has enjoyed from its first and notwith- ipetitors, it is ; lager beer, . There is a )n with the ;, therefore, s well as keg the Province been m,<iny the Nortli- 1878. He in sawmill first expe- tlot Springs, sh Columbia ed, to Trail lied and ex- He uses the lops from the )m San Fran- hop fields of of his brew- th the best innnerce, and equal to the which will lotwithstand- r larger and in Rossland. 'ABLES- Pioneer Sta- itables estab- een built and 94. They are ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 19 also the largest and most completely equip- ped stables in the camp, and the building occupied is the finest in use for liverv purposes in the whole of the Trail Creek district. For the past two years The Pioneer Livery Stables have been owned and con- ilucted by Geo. Baker and Wn>. Shoryer under the firm name of Geo. Baker & bo. Both Mr. Baker and Mr. Shoryer are old and experienced liverymen, and are well- knojvn throughout the Trail country. In point of stock, vehicles and the gen- eral paraphernalia which constitute a first- class It very stable, no expense has been spared, "fhe rolling stock includes bug- gies, surries, hacks, buck-boards, moun- tain wagons and everything usually found in the best stables of mountain towns. From twenty • to twenty-five horses are kept for li vary purposes, among them gentlemen's and ladies' driving horses, saddle hoi-ses, pack horses and ex- perienced mountain horses. The firm makes a .specialty of supply- ing hunting, fishing and prospecting parties with horses and outfits, and does a very large business with miners and prospectors. They will furnish experi- enced drivers, acquainted with the sur- rounding country, who will accompany patrons when desired. Besides doing a general livery business Geo. Baker & Co. board horses by the day week or month, and care for private rigs, giving them the same caremi attention their own vehicles receive. They also buj; and sell horses, and it may be doubt- ed if there are two better judges of horses in the Province than Mea^rs. Baker and Shoryer. We should not omit to mention the fact that the Rossland-Trail Stage, which runs between Rossland and Trail, is owned by Geo. Baker & Co., and is con- ducted as a part of the liverv business. It is intereMing, too, that the railroad does not visibly affect the business of this stage route, so many preferring the open air and pleasant drive to the tnp by rail. Geo. Baker was born and raised in the city of Philadelphia, but has lived many years in the West. He was a pioneer to the Kootenay country, having come here as early as 1890. He came to British Columbia first in 1885. Wm. Shoryer is a native of the Hoosier state. He was an early comer to Rossland, and like his partner in business is more or less inter- ested in mining and real estate. Wm. R. Beatty was Kosslund's first undertaker. He was lH)rn in the stale of Delaware, and studied enibitlniing at the Philadelphia School of Kinbalining, fruin I which institution he is a gruduate. He I has been in the undertaking and eni- tmlmiiig business all his life, and for the : past ten years has been in the West. I He came to Rossland from Spokane, where he was for n number of years in busineas, in June, 1H95. Mr. Heatty is a dealer in and maker of all kimls of undertakers' supplies, in- cluding wood and steel caskets, coffins and burial cases, trimmings, burial robes, etc. He has had adec|uate facilities for performing the last, sad offices for the dead in accordance with the best mod- ern system of embalming and inter- ment.' Mr. Beatty owns tlu building he occu- i pie.s, which is located in Commercial i Court. It was built expressly for its purpose and use as an undertaking es- tablishment, and the rooms are provided I with the latest improvements to the end ' that the mortal remains may be em- balmed in the best manner possible known to modern science. ! Wli'Mi it is remembered that Mr. Beatty is a graduate of the celebrated Philadel- phia School of Knibalming, and that he lie has had a life-long experience in the undertaking business, it is redundancy I to say that he is thoroughly skilled and I efficient in every department of his busi- ' ness. He makes a specialty of shipping : remains, and takes pleasure in rendering j any services possible to the bereaved. : We should, not omit to add that Mr. Beatty owns a fine hearse. M. W.SIMPSON. WM. R. BEATTY, Undertaker and Embilmer. There are few business or professional callings in which so marked a change has taken place in the last two decades as in that of the undertaker and embalmer. Volumes have been written about the lost art of embalming possessed by the Egyptians, but modern science has so far surpassed the ancients in the art of embalming that regrets for the lost art of the Egyptians are no longer heard. Malty-Ward Simpson, proprietor of Rosslaiid's leading news, book and sta- tionery store, established his business in 1896. Up to that time Rossland had not ! had a first-class store of the kind, but the time was rife for it, and Mr. Simp.son's venture met with universal appreciation and his store has since its opening been known as a place where the latest and ^ best in daily, weekly and monthly publi- cations can always be found on sale. This house is recognized as headquar I ters for school books. The stock of library i and miscellaneous lx)oks, although not j large, is well chosen in works suited to ! private libraries, as well as in holiday i ixjoks of every description in their season. I All the leading periodicals of England, i the United States and Canada are carried ■ and subscriptions are received for all cf I them. In office supplies the line is very I complete and includes all kinds of filing ! devices, inks, mucilage, letter and pencil ! tablets, blank books, etc. In addition to carrying in stock everything usually found in a first-class book and stationery store, Mr. Simpson tarries a choice and complete line of imported and domestic cigars and tobacco. A very complete line of maps of the British Columbia mining sections is also carried in stock, Mr. Simpson is a native of I'^ngland, and was educated a Ixxik-keeper and .expert accountant. Iinmeiliately follow- ing his graduation he accepteil a' position with a London commercial house, wlier^' he remained forsix years. Hecaine to Can- ada in 1873,111111 slopping in Hamlltim, On- tario, worked at his profession there until 1885, when he went to Manitoba, and en- gaged in the agricultural implement and grain business. He arrived in Ros.sland from Manitoba in April, 1896, and very soon thereafter established his present business. THE ROSSLAND MILL AND LUMBER COMPANY. E. H. Ragland, Manager. It may be doubted if there is another single eiiterpri.se in Rossland that has been so closely identified with the build- ing interests of the city or that has had so much to do with the construction of our residences and business blocks as The Rossland Mill and Lumber Com- pany. This was the first industry of the kind in Rossland. The plant comprises the lat- est improved machinery, and no expense has been spared to make this mill one of the best in this section ol British Col- umbia. Only the most .skilled and com- petent workmen are employed, and the best of materials used. At the present writing, there are emp!oye<l about eight skilled mechanics, drawing an average P«y of I3-0O per day. All lumber is bought at wholesale, and every facility afforded to reduce the cost of pr'oductioii to the minimum and make the quality of the product all that it can be made' by .\l materials, the be.st modern plant and the most .skilled workmen. The company does a general milling and contracting business. Regarding the class of work done, we may say it is uniform in excellence, and has won for the company a most gratifying reputa- tion. As is indicated by its name, the com- pany is a dealer in lumber. In this con- nection, it is proper to state the Buckeye Lumber Company, of Spokane, Washing- ton, owns an interest in the business and supplies the yard here at a minimum cost, thus enabling the management to meet all competitors, Ixjth as to prices and to quality. P.. H. Ragland, manager of The Ross- land Mill & Lumber Company, establish- ed the business in February, 1896. He was formerly a contractor and builder of Los Angeles, California, but came to Rossland from Spokane, Washington. In view of his former experience in the line it is not surprising Mr. Ragland makes contract- ing and building a prominent feature of the Company's business. It is not too much to say, in conclusion that Mr. Ragland's praiseworthy record in Rossland justifies the statement that any contract he may make will be carried out in the most workman like and satis- factory manner. ao ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT EMPEY BROTHERS. Groccn ftnd QmiiniNion Mc<«iianti. TIUH JH not only oiiv of tlic leading lioiiHi'H of the kinil in KoMiland, tmt in this Hfctiun of Hritiith Culiunhia as well. HcHiiles tx!inK wholeiialif and retail gro- cers, Kinpey RrotherN are conuniftion nierchantn and wholeimle dealers in hav, grain, vegetahles and other produotH of the farni, garden and dairy. Their spec- ialties are fancy groceries^ staple grocer- ies, fancy butter, fresh eggs, cream cheese, cured meats, cured fish, poultry and game, fresh fruits, fresh vegetahles and confectionery. Kinpey Brothers have two salesrooms, one on Columbia avenue and one on First avenue, and have a large fire-proof ware- house on First avenue. They are im- porters and large buyers in car-load lots, and are, accoruingly', able to sell every- thing in the several lines carried by them at the lowest market price. They run two wagons for the delivery of goods in the city and suburbs and to nearby mines. Their capital is ample for all the needs of their business, and the firm stands eijually well in business and financial circles. They have a large and increas- ing wholesale trade with merchants and mmes all over the district, and an impor- tant retail trade with families, restaurants and hotels. F. E. and F. A. Empey are natives of the state of Michigan. They came to the mountains in 1886, and for the past ten years, previous to coming to Rossland in September, 1896, were in business in C«Eur d'Alene City, Idaho. The Empev Brothers are f)oth young men, and, in their career and business success, exem- plify the saying that "the West is the young man's country." an well, an importer from the I'nilcd .States. The business occupies two well-filled floors, one being wholly devoted to fur- niture, and the greater part of the other to carpets, mattings, portieres, curtains, i etc. I'ndertakers' goods form an im- ' portant but inconspicuous part of the j stock, and funeral directing, embalming ; and undertaking are a part of the busi- ness of the firm. In this connection, it is I pertinent to state the firm owns two fine hearses, one white and one black. C. H. Lockhart and J. M. Jordan, while comparatively young men, are both ex- f)erience<l merchants. Mr. Lockhart was >orn in Ontario, Canada, but was a pio- neer of British Columbia's new era, hav- ing come ,to the Province in 1885. He was first connected with t'e furniture business at Brandon, M ..liioba, was for a numl)er of years in ..le furniture busi- ness in Victoria, B. C. He is also also a a skilled undertaker, and a graduate of the U. S. College of Emlmlming. J. M. Jordan is a native of the state of Georgia. He received his education in his native state, and having engaged in merchandising tiefore attaining his ma- jority, and remained in it mitil he wound up his business with a view of coming to British Columbia, also recei: '.-d his busi- ness training there. Arriving in British Columbia in February of last year, he made an extended trip throughout the mining sections of the Province, and, settling upon Rossland as the most ]>roni- ising town, he decided to engage in bus- iness here. Accordingly, having become I ac(juainted with Mr. Lockhart, they { united their interests, and purchasing the first large and complete slock of fur- I niture, carpets and undertakers' goods '' ever brought to Rossland, opened their ' commodious store for trade forMay of the present year. LOCKHART & JORDAN. Importers and Dealers in Furniture, Car- pets and Undertakers' Goods. Among the number of !)• siness firms that have engaged in trade in Ros.sland since the beginning of the present year, none are more worthy of conspicuous and favorable mention than Ivockhart & Jordan. The stock carried by this house is so plainly indicated in the head of this article, that it only remains to say that it is the largest and 'most complete stock of the kind in this part of British Columbia and includes everything in the line of furniture, from the plain but serviceable quality used by the laboring man's fam- ily to the most exquisitely carved and upholstered furniture which adorns the homes of the wealthy. The extensive stock of furniture is .supplemented by a general line of carpets, floor cloths, mat- ting rugs, mats, draperies, window cur- tains, shades and cornice poles, lace cur- tains and fixtures, upholstery, beds, bed- ding, pillows, toilet crockery^ etc. The fimi is a buyer in' car-load lots from the l)est factori'os of Canada, and is. JAMES PRICE. Merchant Tailor. James Pric^ first came to Ros.slaiul in ! 1894, and in April of the following year established the pioneer tailoring business of the camp. He had been the leading I tailor of Nelson since 1893, and on start- ing in business here found many old ! patrons, who had come with the rush to I Ros.sland. As he was the first, so is Mr. Price the I leading tailor of Rossland. He carries a I large and well selected stock of the finest 1 imported goods, and keeps fully abreast I of the times both as to style of cut and ' the latest and most fashionable patterns. I His stock includes the best English, I Scotch, French and Irish goods, and it is [ not too much to say the display of trouser- I ings, suitings, vestings ann overcoatings i is the most attractive in the city. Mr. Price is an ex'perienced cutter, and does all cutting and fitting himself. He uses the celebrated John J. Mitchell system, and the latest Mitchell fashion plates are always on display for in- I pection. All garments are iiipde under j Mr. I'rice's direct supervision, and none I but the most skilled jcnirneyman tailors j are employed. Mr. Price makes no misfits. It is gratifying to lie able to state that Mr. Price counts among his patrons many of the l»est flressed gentlemen of Rossland and the contiguous camps, an<l among his i regular customers many men of official standing, mining men, financiers anil business men. James Price was Imrn on the Emerald Isle. He came to the United States in ' 1868, and has .since traveled in nearl\ all of the states. He has been employed as cutter in some of the t)est-known tailor- ing establishments of the West, and has lieen in business for himself several times. Mr. Price liears an excellent reputation in Rossland business circles, and is no less esteemed as a courteous gentlemen and worthy citizen. WM. ROLLS. Druggitl. The pharmacy owne<l and conducted by Win. Rolls had its beginning in March 1U96, and has become recognized as one of the leaders in the drug business in Ros.s- land. The stock of drugs and medicines carried includes everything usually found in a first-class drug store , and everything known to the trade and in demand in this section, in the line of patent and prepared remedies, toilet articles, druggists' sun- ; dries, etc., is kept. Putting up prescriptions is an import- I ant feature of the business, and it is , worthy of note that all prescriptions are 1 submitted to close inspection liefore being registered or filled. This department is provided with drugs of the very highest grade of purity, and no others are in any case useil in putting in prescrijitions for '• physicians or for the public, i It has been said that a thorough know- ledge of the business is the liest capital a druggist can have. Win. Rolls is certainly a capitalist in this respect, for he is a ] graduate of the Ontario College of Phar- ] maey, and has had many years' experi- I ence in the trade. He is not only a ! skilled prescription pharmacist, but a manufacturing chemist, as well. Of the many preparations manufactured by him we cite the following, which are now ' household words all over the Trail Creek • district : Alaskan Balsam, Berbereen, Cholera Cordial and Rolls' S. & L. Pills. ' The last named are sold to wholesalers all over British Columbia. Wni. Rolls is a native of the Province of Ontario. After receiving his diploma from the Ontario College of Pharmacy, he almost immediately entered the trade and came to Rossland from the coast ; where he had been in successful business ; for more than a decade. While he de- 1 votes his time and personal attention lo ; his business here, like the majority of our j merchants, Mr. Rolls is to some extent j interested in mining, and is the owner , of valuable property. His success here p(l«; iiniler and iionf ■111 tHllorn imken no stnlc tlittl ronH many f RoMland aniotiK hi* 1 of official jcicrs oh<l • KnieraUl I States in nearl) all nployeil a» )wn tailor- st, anil liaH vcnil tinicH. rputation in iH no less leinen and I conducted ing in March ized ttH one of ess in Ross- irt nieiUcines isually found d everything imand in this tind prepored Liggists' snn- an iniport- and It is riptions are before being partuient is verv highest rsa're in any scriptions for rough know- )esl capital a Is is certainly for he is a ege of Phar- •ears' experi- riot only a acist. hut a well. Of the ured by him lich are now Trail Creek Berbereen, S. & L. Pills- wholesalers all the Province his diploma of Pharmacy, red the trade jm the coast ssful business While he de- 1 attention to najority of our some extent is the owner success here ROSSLAND AND THE TRAD. CREEK DISTRICT 21 has been amply merited by a course of fair and honorable dealing, and he oc- cupies a prominent place among the leading and respected merchants of Ross- land. QUEEN STEAM LAUNDRY Blue it Hinh, Proprietors. The ,2ueen Bteam Laundry was built by Louis Blue an<l operated by S. Hir«h for the firm of Blue & Hirsh. This is the only steam laundry in Rossland, and has but recently begun business. The moilern steam laundry may be said to have had its birth in Troy, New York. It was there that the first mod- ern laundry uiacliinerv was made and the first modern laundry operated, and it is in Troy that the most perfect laun- dry machinery now in use the world over is manufactured. It is, therefore, appro- Eriate to state that the Queen Steam aundry is newly equipped with the lat- est improved machinery, most ol which came from the Troy manufactures. Tl' ugh recently established, this laun- dry as already built up an important business, and gives employment to from ten to a dozen people. Only the tnost skilled white lalx)r is employed, and the best wages are paid. Wagons are run for the accommodation of city patrons, and laundry is called for and delivered free of charge. While doing all manner of laundry work in the very best style, the specialty of this laundry is fine family and gentle- men's work. Respecting the class of work done, we may say that it is uniform in excellence, and approaches perfection as nearly as can be done by competent experts operating the best modern ma- chinery. Louis Blue, the senior member of the firm of Blue & Hirsh, is too well and widely known to need introduction here. He is a prominent citizen of Rossland, and is closely identified with the inter- ests of this section. Mr. Hirsh was for- merly a merchant of facoma, Washing- ton, and on coming to Rossland, his asso- ciation in business with Mr. Blue is ample introduction for the people of the Trail Creek district. sisted of a few dozen huts and shacks scattered here and there, he may lie sai<l to have liegun business here with the beginning of the town. He is, by trade, a carpenter and builder, and for the first year of Ws residence here was emnloyed as foreman for a leading contractor. In January, 1896, Mr. Rolf established his present business, and has since been known as one of Rossland's leading supply men. Mr. Rolf has on hand at all times a full and complete stock of sash, doors, mould- ings and builders' supplies. He buys on both sides of the line, principally from Winnipeg, Vancouver, Tacoma and Port- land. He has a shop Imck of his stock room, where odd sizes and special patterns of sash and doors ore manufi<v.'tured to onler, and employs a conipetiint work- man in this department, Mr. Rolf was Ijorn in the "Empire" state. He came west in 1893, and came to Rossland from Spokane, Washington. He is a thorough busin':m man. and his past record in RossUnil justifies the statement that he is a man of sterling integrity us well. E. A. ROLF, Dealer in Sash, Doors, GUh, Mouldings and BuiUers' Supplies. Ai there is no business more insepar- able from the progress and prosperity of a new community than that which contri- butes to the building of hemes, so there is no class of men more justly deserving of favorable mention in a first history of any community than those connected with the builders' trades. It is, therefore, with pleasure we cite the subject of this sketch. It may be doubted if there is any other one man who has been so intimately asso- ciated with the building interests of this city as E. A- Rolf. Coming to Rossland in February, 1895, when the town con- COLUMBL^ BREWERY Gratden & Gaul, Proprietors. The Columbia Brewery was built in September, 1895, and was Rossland's scc- i ond brewery. It was operated by Messrs. Dreyer & HofTmeir until March of the present year, in which month the present firm Gmden & Gaul succeeded to the plant and business. The output of the Columbia Brewery is lager. The brewery is well equipped, and no inferior materials are used. The firm imports mnlt from San Francisco, and hops from the rich fields of Washing- ton. Mr. Gaul is a scientific brewer of long experience, and it is not too much to say of the product of the Columbia brewery, that it is superior to many of the imported beers of commerce. Mes-srs. Groden & Gaul do not at pres- ent sell to the trade, but will in the near future enlarge their facilities and extend their business accordingly. At present, they sell from the tap, and the path to their br«wery is well beaten by carriers of "growlers." Their place is a favorite resort for prospectors and miners who want to get the worth of their money, and lovers of the amber beverage cannot do better than to "rush the can" at the Columbia brewery. John Graden is a native of Switzerland, and Henry Gaul of Germany. Tliey are both from the Sound country, where Mr. Graden was engaged in the general merchandise business and Mr. Gaul was a well-known brewer. RICHARD PLEWMAN. If we may judge from the considemble number of men, who, having been edu- cated for other callings, have finally en- gaged in mining enterprises late in life with exceptional success, it would seem that, as in commercial pursuits, banking and other branches of business, a thorough business education is necessary to success, so also is it no less necessary in all legit- imate mining rntcrpriHCS. Ricliard Plewnian was iKirn in Ireland, was educated to business in England, and for over twenty years, first as a commercial traveler for English firms in the Irotlu-r factoring business, and afterwanls repre- senting his own firm, he traveled all over England, Scotland and Ireland. In iSlly he came to Toronto, Canada, where tnost of his family now reside. His acquaint- ance with infiueiitinl ineniliers of the Victoria Consolidated Hydraulic Mining company, one of the largest and strongest companies of the kind in Canada, led to his going to the Carilxio country in 1895. The expcrier.ce and ol)servation in mining gained in two years' connection with that company, together with the favorable reports of the Kootenays, led him in January, 1897, to come to Rossland as n more dcslrnble field for engaging in busi- ness on his own account. His knowledge of men and affairs, and his antecedents l)eiiig such as to commend him to in- fluential people, and the time being favorable, it is hardly surprising that within a few nionthn after his arrival here, a comparative strun.fer, Mr. Plewnian should be secretary of La Regina Mining company, official brolter of the Cumlier- land Gold Mining company, and has been nominated by the Old National Bank of Spokane for the receivership of the O. K. Mining company, and is one of Ross- land's prominent and most trustworthy brokers and dealers in mining stocks and mining properties. That events and business move fast in Rossland is well indcated by the fact that two such old and conservative institutions as the Bank of Montreal and the Bank of British North America should actually race with each other for the advantage of a day in opening. Imbued with that spirit of alertness Mr. Plewnian began business. His energy, hit enterprise and his wide and influential acquaintance \n mining and financial circle.^ gained him an immediate clientage ond brought to him many propositions to incorporate componies' and promote enterprises. He accordingly secured the services of a reputable firm of consulting engineers, and having a careful examinotion of prop- erties made, accepted or rejected prop- ositions in accordance with the engineers' official report. The wisdom of Mr. Plewman's plan of procedure is seen in the fact that every company with which his name is connected will stand the most searching test as to properties upon which the capitalization is made, the protection of treasury stock, and the peremptory pooling of all promoters' stock. Mr. Plewman has now in the jiress a catalogue of sixty mining properties for sale by him. It is the most comprehensive thing of the kind yet issued for Ros.sland, contoining every variety of ininerol claims, from the mere prospect priced at a few hundred dollors to the best Red Mountain properties, running all the way up to $300,000.00. Mr. Plewman has his office ond consul- tation rooms in the Imperial Block. He uses Clougli's ond Bedford McNeill'scodes, and his telegraphic ond cable oddress is "Plewman," Rossland. S<" hi 22 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT J. B. JOHNSON. I Rossland, solicitois for the Bank of Mon- I treal. He was born at Stratford, province '■ of Ontario. He was educated at the Among the early comers to the Trail \ Upper Canada College, at Toronto, and Creek district and to Rossland, few, if ' chose as a profession that of barrister-at- indeed any, liave done more toward the : law. Having gone with the rush to Man- development of our mines and the build- itoba, in 1881, he became one of its in- ing of our ■jity than the subject of this fluential and honored citizens. He was sketch. While it is a fact that Mr. Clute began his professional career in Rossland under most favorable auspices, it will also be admitted thU hs his amply deserved his success, and tiis professional high stand- ing in professional, business and social cir- cles. He practices in all the courts of the Province, and has a large and increasing Mayor of the city of Brandon for the two itclientage extending well over British Columbia, into the eastern provinces, to the States and even to England. Mr. Clute's admirable social qualities J. B. Johnson first came to Rossland in : succeeding terms, beginning in 1882 and August, 1895, when th<; now metropolis of 1884, and was a memb3r of the Dominion the Kootenavs was an infant village. After j Parliament from Manitoba, from 1887 to spending a few weeks in reconnoitering ' 1896. He was, in 1890, appointed a Queen's 1 make him especially popular in fraternal the district and its wealth of natural re- Counselor, and was a member of the Can- ! circles. He is a willing worker in the sources, Mr. Johnson became thoroughly adian Government, as Minister of the In- { A. O. U. W., and is District Deputy for convinced the camp had in store a sunny terior and Superintendant General of Ind'- j the District of Kootenay. He is a pro- future, and if we may judge by his read- ian Affairs, from 1892 to 1896. In view of minent member of Lodge 21, K. of P., inesB to assistin worthy public enterprises the foregoing, it is not too much to say i and is a Mason in good standing, for the good of the community, his confi- Mr. Daly has honored the city of Ross- 1 It lias been said in another column that dence has not once wavered, even during land by becoming one of her Commission- i Rossland is fortunate in the personnel and the darkest days of the camp. ers of Police. j in the char.icter of her profes.sional men, Satisfying himself on the permanency It might go without saying tha* Mr. [ xnd that they have most of them come Daly was attracted to Rossland by the' fame of the richness of our mines. It naturally follows, too, that upon his ar- rival here in January, 1897, he became of the camp, Mr. Johnson began to look about him for the most profitable invest ments then open, and soon became ex tensivelv interested in both city real es- tate and valuab'.e mining prop-'rty. He almost immediately identified with the opened his real estate and brokerage , great mining industry of the district. As office here in the f?ll of '95, and was one of j an evidence of the uiiiversal esteem and the small van of pioneer brokers of the ■ confidence in which he is held by niining j district. men, investors and the general public t rir. Johnson was one of the locators of; we append the following partial list ofj the Big Four niining properties, now mi. ling companies, with which he is con- from their Alma Mater in the eastern provinces or from Englisli schools. We may add, in concluding, that British Columbia has just reason for pride in her native sons. JOHN KIRKUP, Esq. ; Big bonded to W. S. Corbould, of the Ciina dian Pacific Exploration, Limited, and is the owner of a number of very promising claims near Ro.ssland. In connection i with his real estate and general brokerage business, he acts as general agent for the Bruce (ioUl Mining Company, in which the Goodeve B- jthers are extensively in- terested, and of the Leap Year Gold ; Mining Company, incorporated at London Ontario. He also acts as general local ; agent for some of l.ie "old line" insurance j companies, of which the more important ; are the Norwich Union of England ; The | National, of Ireland ; The Ph(cui.», -^f i Hartford and Lloyd's Plate Glass Insur- 1 ance Company. The rental and collec- tion feature of his business is very import- 1 ant, and demands much of his attention. J. B. Johnson was born in London, On- ' tario ; but has been twelve years in British Columbia. He came to Rorsland from nected as an owner and an officer : 1. The Brandon & Golden Crown Mining Company, 2. The Algonquin Con.solidated Mining Company. 3. The British Columbia Southern Pros- pecting Co. •■■ 4. The Rossland-Green Mountaln'*Min- ing Co. 5. The Silver Queen Mining Company. 6. The Rosslatid-Slocan Development Co. 7. The Detroit Consolidated Mining Co. JOHN S. CLUTE, Jr. Birristsr ani Solicitjr. T,\e name of Jack Kirkup will go down to history not only as a fearless peace officer, but as the one name that has con- tributed most to the exdeptional regard for law and order that has up to the pres- ■ ent time prevailed in the Kootenays. I John Kirkup was born neur Ottawa, I Ontario, in 1855. He grew to manhood and learned the trade of a carriage maker i in his native Province. He went to Win- ! nipeg, Manitoba, in 1876, and for a time operated a ferry on the Red River of the North, Ttie following year he came to British Columbia and went to work at his trade in Victoria. His first position a« a . peace officer was on the police forct- of : Victoria. Af\er about a years' service of that city, he in 18S1, became a member ; of the Provincial force. His duties as a John S. Clute, Jr., is a native son of i government officer brought him to the British Columbia. He was born at New \ Kootenays, where his name and fame be Westminster, on March 23d, 1867, afid cam;; a warning to evil doers and a guar- Hon. T. MAYNE DALY, Q. C. New Westminster, where he was formerly was educated and grew to manhood in antee of law and order to all. He was engaged In file real estate and brokerage his native citv. After his graduarttyR one of the first Government constables business. Of his standing and reputation j from the Collegiate Institute of New '• for Vale district during the construction in Rossland, there could hardly be a Westminster, he took up the study of | of the C. P. railroad, and btjcame widely better index than the vote of our citizens , law in the office and under the precep- j known as "Jack" Kirkup, "Sheriff of the at the late election, when Mr. Johnson ! torship of Judge Bole, now local judge of Kootenays." was chosen to serve one of the cit_"'s first ; the Supreme Court of British Columbia, | Mr. Kirkup came to Ro.sslnnd in March aldermen. ' j and was In 1893 admitted to the bar bv ' 189.S, direct from Victoria, but indirectly — ^ i the Supreme Court of the Province. Ini- : from Revelstoke, where he had 1^ ' in ' mediately following his admission, Mr | the Govenimenl service for the preceding Clute began the practice of his profession : nine years. He came in accordance with in Vpw Westminister. His first venture the Government appointment as Recorder. outside of his native bailiwick was in the j He, however, retained his position with the British Columbia is distinguished for summer of 1895, when he came with the ' Provincial Police, and, accordingly acted the character of people she attracts to her 1 rush to the Trail Creek district. Arriving as chief constable of the town until its gates, as well as for her phenomenal ; in Rossland, he found himself to be the ! incorporation, in \pril of the present wealth of natural resources. Among i second regularly admitted barrister and 1 year. Mr, Kirkup makes as capable and those in Rossland who have achieved | solicitor in the district. Mr. Clute is popular a Recorder as he Jtas alwaysbeen lonors and distinction before casting somewhat prominent in fraternal circles, . a p.!ace officer. His modesty of demeanor th -ir lot with us, none are more widely and the many brotherly greetings he re- \ and warm heart comport well with his or favorably known throughout the Do- j celved and the friendly welcome by old j fine physiciue ami six feet, three, of minion of Canada than the subject of neighbors who had preced"d him, added j stature ; ana it may be said of him that he this sketch. to the oromise of an immediate clientage, | Is so kind of heart as he ./has ever been Hon. T. Mayne Daly is senior member | decided him to "hang out his shingle" in j honest and fearless .In the discharge of of tiie law firm of Daly & HamlUon, of| Rossland. | his duties. ute began in<l under 11 also be lerved his gh stand- l social cir- urts of the increasing er British }vinces, to I. 1 qualities H fraternal ter in the Deputy f"'' is a pro- K. of P., olunm that -sonnel and ional men, hem come :he eastern hools. We liat British ir pride in Esq. ifill go down arless peace hat has con- onal regard to the pres- )tenays. ear Ottawa, manhood riage maker vent to Win- 1 for a time tiver of the he came to 1 work at his osition a« a ice force of service of : a member duties as a him to the nd fame be- and a guar- U. He was constables construction lame widely iheriff of the nd in March indirectly \ad ' . ' in he preceding irdance witli as Recorder, tion with the dingly acted ivn until its the present capable and always been of <lemeanor veil with his t, three, ot if him that he ever been discharge of T^ ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT 23 FORiN & GALT. Barristers and Soliciton. P. McL. Forin and A. C. Gait, leading barristers and solicitors of Rossland, form- ed a co-pannership in May of the present year. Besides their mutual professional interests. Forin & Gait are owners of some valuable mining properties now un- dergoing development, and are interested in several promising mining companies. P. McL. Forin came to British Colum- bia in 1891, and to Rossland in May, i8g6. He was born in the Province of Ontario. He was educated at Belleville High School, and at the Toronto Uni- versity, and studied law at the Inner Temple, London, England. On return- ing to Canada, he came to British Colum- bia, and engaged in the practice of his profession at New Westminster. He subsequently removed his office to Van- couver, and came from Vancouver to Rossland. A. C. Gait is also a native of the Pro- viiice of Ontario. He was educated at the Upper Canada College, and at the Toronto University, and had attained distinction in his prcfes.sion, at Toronto, where he practiced for a number of years before coming to British Columbia. Mr. Gait came to the Province and to Ros.s- land, in 1896. He is a member of the family of Gaits, well-known in Canadian politics and for the number of its able professional men. Among the many favors of Chance or of Fortune, for which Rossland has reas. n for gr.itification, the character and standing of its pTofes.sional men is not the least. Some have come from their Cana- dian Alma Matt'i or a mere celebrated school in FIngland, some from both, as in the ease of Mr. Forin ; some have won honors in the older provinces before coming ; all, without a known exception, are men of commendable attainments and wortl. V character. firm acted as agents for the Attorney General of Canada, in the Province of On- tario. In 1890 having withdrawn from the firm, Mr. Nelson went to the North- west Territory and engaged in the prac- tice of law at Moose Jaw, where he be- came prominent both as a barrister and as a citizen. Mr. Nelson came to the Trail Creek district in August, 1896. It might also go without saying that he very soon be- came interested in mining to the extent of investing, and that he owns and has interests in some valuable properties. It is worthy of note, however, that his in- vestments and mining interests are more 'icidental to exceptional opportunities ottered him and incidental to his resi- dence in a mining district, than as indi- cating that he will allow the alluring promise of mining to interfere with his chosen profession. Having practised in the courts of two Provinces, and having eaten salt with men of all ranks of life from Premiers of the dominion, to cowboys of the North- west Territory, Mr. Nelson is a man of wide experience, cir.d ::. exceptionally well qualified both p.j a barrister for the Province and as a valuable citizen of Rossland. As a criminal lawyer, he ranked first in the Territories, and many a guilty cow-puncher and bronco-bu.ster owes iiis liberty to Mr. Nelson's ad- vocacy. F. R. MENDENHALL, General Mining Machinery. 30,000.00 20,000.00 7,ooo.co 5,000.00 25,000.00 2,500.00 5,000.00 15,000.00 2,000.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 10,000.00 2,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 1,000.00 1,500.00 W.J.NELSON. Barrister. The year 1S96 marked the arrival in j Ro.ssland of many men prominent in mining, business and professional circles. W. J. Nel.son is one among the latter who ; remaining, has established himself jK-r- . ni...;..i.'ly and will pinctice his profession 1 in Rossland and in all the courts of the Province. Mr. Nelson was l)orn at Brampton, in the coui.ty of Peel, Province of Ontario. He was educated in the best .schools of : his native Province, and studied law at Os- good Hall, Inns of Court, at Toronto. He engaged in the practice of his profession at Toronto ; but went as a member, and 1 officer of the Queen's Own Rifles, of' Canada, in 1885, to a.ssist in quelling the - Reil rebellion. On being mustered out ; of the service, he i-esumed Ihe practice of' law, as a member of the firm of McDonald j & Nelson, Barristers, of Toronto, which | Notwithstanding all that has been written of the wonderful richness of our mines and the magic city which they have built, neither could ever have been but for the machinery which has rendered po.s.sible the de* .lOpment of the fonner and the consequent building of the latter. It is fitting then that the agency which has furnished the means whereby were made Rossland and her mines should occupy a prominent place in a historical review of the camp. F. R. Mendenhall is the pioneer ma- chinery agent of Rossiland. He came to the Trail Creek district in the summer ot 1895, and in October of the same year began business as an agent of the Cana- dian Rand Drill company, of Sherbrooke, Quebec, and the Jenckes Machine com- pany, for which companies he is now general agent for the whole of British Columbia. If Mr. Mendenhall was fortunate in se- curing the general agency of the f.'aiia- dian Rand Drill company and the Jenckes Machine ctmipany, those corporations were no less fortunate in securing Mr. Mendenhall as their general agent lor British Columbia, for there is now inr e Canadian Rand and Jenckes machinery in use in British Columbia than all other makes of machinery combined. In proof of the preceding statement we append the following list of well-known mires which Mr. Mendenhall has fully or partially equipped with machinery. Le Roi cost of tnachinery ..|ti 50,000.00 War Kagle O. K. Red Mountain " " Cliff Kootcnay&Columbia'* ** Iron Horse " " Alberta " " Comma ;ider " " Crown Point " " Palo Alto Red Kagle " " Blue Bird " Nest Kgg " ". Silver Bell City of Spokan. " " Monita " " White Bear St. Paul Georgia " " Great Western " " Morning Star " " — Hattie " '.' — Mr. Mendenliall's oflSce is eligibly lo- cated on Columbia avenue, Ro.s.sland, and his commodious warehouse on the Columbia & Western track affords excep- tional facilities for receiving and forward- ing machinery. The stock in store is always sufficient to meet the immediate demand and is being constantly replen- ished from the factory. Mr. Mendenhall attends in readiness to supply rock drills, air compressors and all kinds of general mining machinery at a day's notice. V. R. Mendenhall was Iiorn in the "Buckeye" state, but has Ijeen west for the past ten years. He was, before com- ing to Rossland, connected with the Parke & Lacy Manufacturing company's branch at Spokane, Washington. His experience has ably fitted him for the responsible position he holds as general agent of such great corporations as the Caiiat^ian Rand Drill company and the Jenckes Machine company, and it is not too much to .say Mr. Mendenhall has made the names of those companies, in British Columbia as elsewhere, a svnonym for quality and durability in mining machinery. CM.WELLER. Sanitary Plumbsr. C. M. Weller is a native of Wurtenberg Germany, but came to the United States when a youth. He was for a numlier of years a resident of the state of Kansasand later of Tacoma, Washington, from which place he came to Rossland in August, 1896. He was fomierly connected with the leading plumbing establishments of Tacoma, and on arriving here immediate- ly .set up shop and began business on his own account. Mr. Weller's shop is located on the S. W. corner of Spokane street and Columbia avenue, under one of the first hotel buildings put up in Rossland. It is equipped with all the latest iimiroveil machine tools and appliances lor' the modern plumbing shop, and is stocked with everything necessary in the way of lead and iron pipe, sheet metal for the manufacture of bath-tubs, sinks, wa.sh- stands, water clcsets, tubs, etc. 24 ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT I; Mr. Wellerwill gladly submit estimates for work in his line, and his praiseworthy record for the past year in Rossland justi- fies the assertion that any contract he may enter into will be executed in the most satisfactory manner and in strict ac- cordance with specifications. It might go without saying that Mr. Weller can furnish references. He has done much of the best work that has been let since he came to Rossland, in evidence of which we append the following brief but representative list : Hoffman House, Goodeve Block, Butte Hotel, Hotel Shaw, Hotel Cardiff, Western Hotel, Goff build- ing, the Bank building at Trail, residences of H. S. Wallace, Charles R. Hamilton, barrister, H. Stevens and others. Address CM. Weller, Rossland, B. C, P. O. Box 271. THE BRITISH COLUMBIA SMELTING & REFINING CO. The officers of this smelter, which is located at Trail Creek, B. C, are : Presi- dent, F. A. Heinze; Gen'l Sup't (also of Mr. Heinze's smelter at Butte, Mont.,) H. C. Bellinger. This smelter began work on Oct. loth, 1895, and the first furnace was fired in February, 1896. There are now five furnaces in full operation, and additions under construction that will fully treble the capacity of the works. The Smelter now comprises; — The Sampling Mill, daily cap. 300 to 500 tons ; bin cap. in mill, 1000 tors. The ore pas- sing through a iax22 inch Blake crusher, to run through a troinmel, whence the fines go to a Constant cylindrical sampler and the over size to a 9x15 crusher and rolls, and then to the sampler and into the bins, until the lot of ore 13 settled, from whence it goes to the calcinersor the bins from which it can be drawn in the cars to the blast furnace. This sampler is inad- equate for the amovmt of ore offered, and is now being enlarged so as to handle 350 to 550 tons per 34 hours. In the Jfoast House is one O'Hara auto- matic calcining furnace, with foundations laid for a second. This furnace is 120 feet long over all, and has two 90 foot hearths, one above the other, 9 feet wide. One traveling chain passes along the cen- ter of the hearths, carrying 6 plows and 6 trolleys or chain carriages, at the rate of about 25 to 35 feet per minute, and as yet very little repairs have been required, the chain, plows and trolleys showing but lit- tle sign of corrosion in the furnace. Fifly tons of ore crushed to pass a half-inch ring are roasted per day, with a loss of 70 per cent, of sulphur contents, the ore tak- ing 12 to 14 hours to pass through the furnaces in which ten fire places fired with wood supply the heat. Besides this furn- ace, there are in the furnace-room six circular calciners, such as is used in Butte, placed al)ove the reverberatories, the ore automatically fed, passing over 6 horizon- tal revolving hearths that discharge alter- nately from the rim and center upon the lower one, thence into the hoppers below that are immediately over the hearth of the reverberatory. It is designed in this furnace that when once ignited no further fuel will be needed than the .sulphur, but they must run continuously, and on ac- count of irregularity, until recently, in the operation of the reverberatories, these calciners have not been used. The dust chamber is 180 feet long, 10x12 feet inside with walls from the sides every 10 feet, not over-lapping, but having a clear space through the chambers to the chimney, which is 140 feet high and 8>4 feet square inside. Furnace Room, 60x310 feet, 68 feet to peak of roof. The ore is being smelted after two methods :— -(a) In four reverb- eratories, hearths 14x22 feet, 40 tons each per 24 hours, in charges of roasted and un- roasted ores, slag and limestone are now being treated. The fuel is wood, but as this IS not yet dry enough to give the re- quired heat, coal also is being used, over 70 tons a day, from the Antbmcite Coal Co's mines, on the eastern limits of the Rocky Mountains, whence it is brought over ihe Canadian Pacific Railroad to Re- velstoke, or Arrowhead, and thence in scows down the Arrow Lakes and the Co- lumbia to the smelter, whence it is raised up an incline 160 feet by a small steam hoist with cable and car, to a trestle along which the car can be run to the shutes wherever needed in the works; (b) In two 38x144 Rect. blast furnaces, with a cap- acity of 200 tons each, floor water jacketed \ with 14 four inch tuyeres, ore is now | smelted. As the amount of sulphur in these ores is low, and that in the pyrrho- 1 tite not available for fuel, as already it i | natural matte, a typical form of pyrl ^ smelting cannot be used, but more or less fuel is necessary, and a very satisfactory grade of coke is got from Fairhaven, Washington, although it carries from 20 to 24 per cent. ash. A small amount of limestone is added to the charge, but at present a very acid slag, rather thick, but giving a good separation, is flowing, but very careful handling of the furnace is imperative. The bluff on which the smelter stands is sand, but the top and face of the dump 120 feet high, is being covered with slag that flows in sand gutters from the rever- beratories, or is whee!ed out in the usual slag-pots from the blast furnace ; but in t short time all s!ag will run from the furn- aces into water troughs, be granulated and ; then swept out to the dump, which will I be protected from scouring out by the slag covering. In the engine room are one 165H.P. Cor- liss engine and two 125 H.P. engines each electrical motors, built by the Canadian Electric Co. Power for engines is furn- ished by two Pelton wheels. Two No. 6 Root blowers are now used, but a No, 7 will be needed when the big blasting I furnace is blown in. Power is transmitted j by shafting, but mostly by wire cables I running over large pulleys to different I parts of the works. However, steam power may soon be replaced by electricity , as a plant is to he erected at the foot of I the dump and supplied with Peltor. ' wheels and water under a 250 foot head. I On a tributary of the Columbia, not far ! from Trail, a very large water power has been secured by Mr. Heinze, who pro- I poses the installation of an electric plant ! for the distant transmission of electrical energy which may be brought to the mines as electricity has now become so success- ful and economical a factor in mining else- where. At present 200 to 220 tons of ore per day are now being brought down from Rossland by the Tramway, but this amount will be greatly increased. From 175 to 200 men are now employed and w»">" "" these improvements are com- pleted, this smelting plant will be well equipped and capable of handling 350 to 400 tons of ore daily ; and if the demand increases, a still larger plant can easily be added. Again with the increased means of transpot . and the buildingof roads into our mineral producing districts, access to other cla.ssEs of ore may greatly better and cheapen the process of smelting. Besides that with the Le Roi, contracts have been made with the War Eagle, Iron Mask and Crown Point. The recent re- fining of and making two gold bricks, one weighing 250 ounces and the other be- tween 200 and 250 ounces, has created much comment throughout the district. E. S. TOPPING, Esq. K S. Topping, Ksq., "The Father of Trail*' waa bom in BufTolk county. N. Y., in 1844. His life if written with regard to all the data at hand, would read like a romance. He was a sailor boy at eleven years of age. He was a contractor on the U. P. Ry. in 1867, at the age of twenty-two. He was an explorer and miner in the Yellowstone Park In the early seventies and was the discoverer of the Norris Gej^ser basin. In 1874 and 1875, he trapped and hunted in the Sioux country, and took part in some Fort Peace fights with the Indians. He was with Gen. Crooks' expedition as a scout, and was at the same time a correspondent for eastern papers. Mr Topping was a pioneer to the Black Hills, and was fortunate in his locations and specula- tion. He returned to Montana in 1883, and ac- cepted a situation as a collector of facts and as a writer fur Bancroft's history. He about this time published a work of his own, entitled "Chronicles of the Yellowstone." The following four years wereunprofitably spent in working delusive pros- pects in the Ccjcur d'Alcnea. Mr. Topping came to Dritish Columbia in 1888. He had the misfortune to meet with an accidental gun-shot wound in his wrist, which laid him up for some months, and exhausted his ready funds. Nothing daunted, he began work as a fisherman as soon as he was able to get out, and with one hand -nly serx'icenble, cleared $100 per month fislu.ig. He next took charge of a store, and having become a Canadian citizen, was appointed Recorder and Constable. From this time on Mr. Topping's fortunes have attained a more rosy hue. He has a double title to the "Father of Trail," in the fact that it was due to his advice ant' insistance that the discov- erers of the now famous Le Koi continued pros- pecting to a demonstration of thetichuess of the on*, and to the added fact that he had laifl out and built the now thriving town ot Trail, the firM town in the Trail Creek district. The town of Trail is most advantageously sit- uated, not only for a trading point, but, as well fur smelter.i and for manufacturii.g sites. It is at the mouth of Trail Creek, oti the Columbia river. The town is connected «ith the mines, sevtn miles distant, by the C. W. Ry, and wiih all out- side points by steamers on the Columbia. The largest industry yet ill operation at Trail is Mr. F. A. lleinxe's great smelter. A nnmbtr of other industries necessary to a mining section, have been eHtablished, and the town divides honors with KosHland as a trade center ; but it will pro- bably be as a manufacturing and smelting point that Trail will excell all other places in the Kootenays. In concluding this \oo brief sketch, it should be added that "The Father of Trail ' owns and oc- cupies one of the finest residences in the town, and is one of the most prominent, popular ond esteemed citixens nf the district. ons of cire down from his amount 1 employed ts are com- U be well ing350 to le demand »n easily be sed means if roads into s, access to f better and i, contracts Eagle, Iron recent re- i bricks, one He other be- has created le district. Esq. r of Trail" wan 44. His life if It hand, wouW ir boy at eleven tor on the U- -two. He wa« owstone Park incoverer of the i875, he trapped and took part ; Indians. He as a scout, and lent for eastern ie Black Hills, s and specula- 883, and ac- facis and as a about this time Chronicles g four years delusive pros- ed ' unihia in 1888. an accidental laid him up ready funds. Bsherman and with one 00 per month if n store, and was appointed 1 fortunes have 1 a doubli; title that it was lat the discov- onlinurd pros- richness of the adlnid out and Trail, tlie firs-t tageously sit- , hut, as well , sites Itisat oUmihia river, mines, sevtn wiih all ont- tunihia. The Trail is Mr. umbtr of other section, Imve divides hijuors lit it will pro- melting point places ill the ch, it should he owns and cc- liil the town, nt, popular and It Pcctiacnt, HON. GEO. E. FOSTER, M. P^ laU Miniiter of Finance, Ottawa, Ont. Secretwy. LEO H. SCHMIDT, Ro«Und, B. C EDWARD C FINCH, Gcn«al Manager, RoMland, B. C Silver Queen Mining Co, (LDWrTED LIABIUTY.) HEAD OFHCEt COLUHl-JIA AVENUE, ROSSLAND, B. C Hon. Thomas Mavnb Daly, Q. C, late M. P. and Minister of the Interior. Kdwaru C. Pinch, Mining Operator. Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner. DIRECTORS. Hon. Geo. B. Poster, m. P., late Minister of finance. William P. Havward, Mine Owner. C. C. WOODHOCSB, Jr., Mining Engineer. CONSULTING ENOINEER-C.C. Woodhouse, Jr., M JosBrn B. Dabnrv, Presidep* ' -eystone Mining Co. Leo. H. Schmidt, Capiulist. R. W. Grigor, Capiulist. E. CAPITAL. $1 ,>S<>iOoo.oo; ahares, par value $1.00 each; treasury stock $350,000.00. MINE. The Silver Queen; location: Cariboo creek camp, Slocan mining division. West Kootenay, B. C. TITLE. All four claims have been surveyed for a Crown Grant, which has been earned and applied for, and will be issued at once. DEVELOPMENT. A total to date, August 10, 1897, of 160 feet of tunnel and 70 feet of open cut; a cook house, bunk house and camp; a blacksmith shop, ore dump end ore bunk- ers have been built, and a great deal of prospecting and stripping done. SHOVtflNO. Two well-defined leads, one of which has been traced for about 3,000 feet, carry- ing great width and strong values. ASSAYS. From jaot. to 400 oa. silver, trace to I180 gold, small percentage of copper and lead. PROPERTY. Four full claims, via.: the Black Pox, the Red For, the Grey Wolf and Black Diamond mineral claims, on Sncw creek, in Cariboo creek camp, Slocan mining division of West Kootenay, B. C. Recorded at Nakusp, B. C, CroucKiTUniiel- CrosscHtTn Ore 'ookhome and Camp tulNo. I ^elevation djtoc/frl Blatksmilh Shop Ore Bunkers Silver Queen Groti]). Scale: I in.~Kooft, Cariboo Creek Camp, Slo- can Division, West Koot- enay, B. C. TRANSPORTATION. The output of the Silver Queen will find its way to the smelter via the Colum- bia river, which is but a few miles distant on an easy down grade. Upon this great artery of commerxre, and but a few hours distant from the Silver Queen mine, one large smelter ind refinery is in operation and another is under construction. Others are projected, and a brisk competition for the ore output of this vicinity does and will exist, thus assuring a minimum charge for its treatment. FACILITIES FOR WORKING. An abundance of timber suitable for all its needs is on this property. A small mountain stream crosses the Black Fox claim near the mouth of tunnel No. i, affords an abundance of water for general purposes, while the turbulent Snow creek near by offers a plentiful and never-failing source of power for concentrators and other machinery. PLAN OP WORKING. The plan of working the property as laid out by its engineer, and now being systematically carried out, is In keeping with the magnitude of the proposition, and consists of an elaborate system of tun- nels, shafts and slopes, together with a concentrator on Snow creek for treating the low grade portion of the output. INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. A Great Mine. C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., the famous mining engineer and mineralogist, after making a tho- rough examination of^ the properties of this company, was interviewed by a representative o( a prominent eastern dailv, and expressed him- self for publication as follows: "I think the Silver Queen is one of the best mining propositions I ever saw. It is not a case of hunting for ore, it is one of mining high grade ore from the start. Upon the estimates 1 nave made I find the actual cash value of this ore to be aliout $65 per ton. The cost of mining, shipping and treating it should not exceed $30 per ton, IcaWng a profit after all expenses and charges of about $43 per ton. I predict that it will develop into one of the greatest mines m the Slocnn district." A Very Large Shipping Miiu. The Rosslander recently said: "All indications go to show that the Silver Queen has a very tiromlsing proi»erty, which will develop with only a moderate expenditure of money into a very large shipping mine." Of the Company's Capital Stock 350,000 snores nove m pu in me neoruiy For the purpose of providing a Develop- ment Fund. The proceeds of the sale of this stock can be used for no other purpose than that of placing the property on a ship- ping basis, purchasing machinery, etc. This Treasury Fund, despite the extensive development which the property has al- ready received, is still intact. The Com- pany have now decided tu place on the market a block of 50,000 snores d mis stock oi Ten cents per snore It is good I It is remarkably cheap I Send remittance through the Bank o( Montreal at Russland if you wish, or send direct to the Company. Address KDWARD C. FINCH, GiiN'L Managrr, Box 78, Rossland. B. C. Looks Exceedingly W^elL Thomas H. Praser, the noted South African expert, who now represents Scotch capital in British Columbia, recently visited the Silver Queen, and in an interview for the Seattle Post Intelligencer he spoke as follows of this property: "The Silver Queen group is showing up exceed- ingly well. The width of the lode is about 14 feet, of which several feet is solid mineral going high up in the hundreds in silver and gold. Development is being pushed." A Silver and Gold Proposttion. ^ipeaklng of the Silver Queen the Kossland Miner recently said: "It is n silver and gold proposition, the ore carrying good values in those metals with a small percentage of copper and lead. The main lead opened to a depth of about 14 feet, carries five feet of ore acroaa which many samples have been taken, the general average of which have lieen 96 3.5 ounces silver and overf^-oo gold."