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[NlW

! !: • 'Y ■■ ;, ■. ' 1 l:|,V,

First History of Rosslani B* C

WITH SKETCHES OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT
Cm^NS, FIRMS AND CORPORATIONS.

PUBLBHBDBY

STUNDBN * ferine; RooUodi, B. C

PRICE 50c

/f^T

THE MOUNTAINS.

By Howaurd T. Lee.

God loves the mountains. Since earth's primil days,
When pony man awoke to light and life.

His steps have haunted all their mystic ways,
Above, remote from pettjr human strife.

Man's monuments endure but for a day.

But these eternal in their streng^th alway.

How little all thing:s human builded seem I
The noarbled pomp of proud imperial Rome ;

The Tower of Babel, but a madman's dream j
The boast of Grecian art, St. Peter's dome }

The pig:my pyramids, the Pharaoh's pride.

How like to motes our mig^hty peaks besides!

We proudly choose some fondly cherished spot.
And rear our shafts for future eyes to see,

A little time, and lol our works are not ;
They perish as the leaves that fall, but ye

Have stood in strengfth since immemorial time.

And still shall stand, forever more sublime.

Beloved by Nature fond, the sun's first rays
Bask on each crown in ecstasy of bliss

With soft caress, and his last ling:erins blaze
The towering: purple summits softly kiss.

Ere yet he sinks within the golden west

And leaves the world to solitude and rest.

The mountains have been Freedom's safe retreat
From tyraimy, since Time's first early dawn ;

Here Liberty has fled with bleeding feet
When in the plain all light and hope had flown ;

And standing proudly on the towering height

Has bid definance to the tytant's might.

O mighty peaks, so all supremely grand !

Springing to meet the azure vault above,
Warding from storm the slumbering, peaceful land,

Bending o'er all with tender, ceaseless love ;
Watch still, mute sentries, set by Him on high
To guard us during life and point us to the sky.

A History of Rossland and the Trail Creek District*

WRITTEN BY HAROLD KINGSMUX.

iNthe late fifties and the earlier years of
the sixties, the province of British Colum-
bia was the scene of placer gold mining
excitements. Golden Cariboo, and Cassiar
in the north were turning out their mil-
lions of the yellow metal in nuggets and
dust. When the news reached Victoria of
the fabulously rich diggings on Wild
Horse Creek in far away East Kootenay,
there was another stampede; and to facili-
tate the transportation of supplies, and to
ensure a means of communication with
Pacific coast points, the existing govern-
ment undertook the construction of the
now celebrated Dewdney trail. This trail
started from Shope on the Krascr river
and as nearly as possible paralleled the
international boundary line to Wild
Horse creek in East Kootenay. At the
Columbia river crossing a small stream
was followed from its mouth to its source,
and from this fact was called Trail creek.
The work of construction was under the
direct supervision of Edgar Dewdney, a
young civil engineer, and now lieutenant-
governor of this province. This part of
the trail was completed in the summer of
1861. This is also the first authentic
account of the advent of the white man in
the now celebrated Trail CreeV: district,
though it is presumed that the trappers and
traders of the Hudson Bay company had
been through the country many years an-
terior to the advent of trail builders' visit.
It is definitely knc n that these early
pioneers did not find any evidences of the
existence of the mineral deposits of this
camp. How they missed it is a wonder,
and is only explaineil by the fact that
they did not want quartz mines, and
would not have been in a position, by
reason of transportation, smelting, and
other difHculties, to have worked them
successfully. Nothing is now known of
the district's history, or lack of it, for a
period of twenty-five years.

In the years 1884, 1885 and 1886, a pla-
cer excitement on Rock creek, some
eighty miles to the west of Trail creek,
and the discovery of a fine free milling

gold quartz lead on the Cariboo claim,
caused not a little excitement among the
few hardy pioneers who were in the coun-
try at that time. As a direct consequence
of this strike a few venturesome spirits
started prospecting all over the surround-
ing country. Two prospectors, George Bow-
emian and George Leyson, pushed their
way eastward, following the course of the
old Dewdney trail as nearly as possible.
In July, 1887, they uncovere<l ore on
what is now known as the Lily May mine-
Retracing their steps to Rock creek they
exhibited their samples and a small ex-
citement was caused at once. The ore
was there as.sayed by a man named Reed,
and the results obtained were, as nearly as
Bowerman remembers, 242 and 276 ounces
in silver to the ton, with very fair values
in lead and gold. They returned to the
claim and commenced work. A shaft
was started and for the first week develop-
ment proved the claim a txinanza, but be-
fore it had attained a depth of twenty
feet, in mining parlance, they had blown
out all the ore in sight, and the walls of
vein came together so that a knife blade
could not be placed between them. They
at once became discouraged, al)andoned
the location, and left the country. Leyson
never returned to the camp, but la.st sum-
mer George Bowerman held a position as
foreman on the Mayflower mine, within
sight of his camp of nine years before.

The same summer a party consisting of
the Thrasher Brothers, Billy Moore, Rice
and Mike Mahoney came over the Dewd-
ney trail from Rock creek. However
they only stayed two days in the district,
and contrary to much that has been
written, did not visit the Red mountain.
Discouraged, like Bowerman and Ley.son
l^efore them, they left the country. In
the following year but one, Oliver Bonleau
and Newlin Hoover relocated Bowerman's
old find, naming it the Lily May'. Hoover
and Bordeau innnediately went to work
on th'; property, and continued develop-
ment work with a fair degree of success
throuxhout the winter of 1889-90. In

July, 1890, Joseph Moris and Joseph Bour-
geois (both men had been working with
Bordeau during the previous winter), dur-
ing the latter's absence at Nelson, left his
employ and started on a prospecting trip.
They discovered ore on Red mountain,
about a mile and one half to the north-
east of the Lily May, and staked in one
day the following claims: the Le Roi,
War Eagle, Centre Star, Virginia and
Idaho. A group of claims, a low estimate
of the value of which is ^15,000,000.00.
At that time Nelson was the only record-
ing office in the district, and thither wen»
wen the pair to have their claims
recorded, and assays made on the ore.
While there they met E. S. Topping, and,
under the law l)eing unable to hold more
than two (one each) locations on the
same ledge, and as the Le Roi, Centre
Star and Idaho appeared to be located on
the same lead, they offered him his
choice of the gi-'up upon the condition
that he should pay the costs of recording
the five claims. The ore was assayed by
the late G. E. R. Ellis of Nelson, aiid the
following results obtained: the LeRoi ore
went I38.00 and |!4o.oo in gold; the War
Eagle I24; and the Centre Star showed
about the same values. The V'irginia ore
only gave fio per ton in gold. No ore
had been taken from the Iron Mask. Top-
ping accepted the offer and chose the Le
Roi on account of the better rcsiilts ob-
tained. He then made a trip to the camp,
prepared to make his residence there and
open up his find. Topping carefully
sampled the property, and armed with
assay certificates and splendid ore sam-
ples he went to Spokane, where he in-
duced a syndicate with Mr. Oliver Durant
at its head to take a lK>nd on '^ or a con-
trolling interest in the property tor
|!l6,ooo.oo.

The news of the strike spreading around
Nelson caused a regular stampede to the
new Eldorado, and a .small army of pros-
pectors were soon in the camp, and in
July, 1890, Satn St. Onge, Fred Cabana,
Bill Springer, Charlie Dronin, Sam Cres-

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTJUCT

tow, Harry Shcran and Jemmy Maher.
anil others arrived in the district.
Among others, the following locations
nia<le by them are still alive, though
none of them are in the hands of the
locators. The Monte Cristo, Iron Horse,
Knterprise, Josie, St. Elmo, Mountain
View, Columbia and C. and C. Next
came George C. Tunstall, Tom Wanl,
I'hil Aspinwall, Billy Perdue, Joe Midl-
and (now dead), Billy Sheffield, George
Sheppard, Alec Currie, Felix Ruel, Tom
Duffy, and Jimmy Johnson. Their lo-
cations were the Consolidated St. Rlmo,
Kootenay,, Zilor, Iron Colt, Gopher,
Georgia, Pride of Trail Creek, Cliff and
Mayflower. Ore from the last mentioned
went 1 20 ounces in silver and fliz.oo in
gold.

As .soon as practicable after he had Ixin-
ded the Le Roi, Mr. Durant commenced
operations on the mine. K. J. Kelly was
foreman. During the winter the new
owners bought the mine outright from
Topping. About the .same time Mr. Dur-
ant disposed of his interest in the Le Roi
bond, and immediately bonded the Centre
Star from the original locators. In a de-
sultory manner development was kept
going on the he Roi, and in the fall of
1891, seven tons of ore was packed out to
the Columbia river on mules' backs, and
from that point shipped to one of the
many snielters at Butte, Montana. The
returns from this ore showed a combined
gold and copper value of II84.60 per ton.
Except on the Le Roi little or no work
was being done elsewhere in the camp,
though a 2,500 pound shipment from the
Iron Masl went J23.00 in gold; and Du-
rant and Tarbet in 1892 had shipped a few
tons from the Centre Star, the results of
which are not obtainable. Then came a
period in .vhich the future of the camp
was iKith black and gloomy, but the strike
of a fine Ixxly of ore in the Le Roi made
this property a mine beyond perad venture.
The War Eagle was also l)onded to Du-
rant and Tarliet, who threw the l)ond up
after some work. In 1893 it was Ixinded
to Mr. Pugh of the Pyritic Smelting com-
pany, of San Francisco. An expert by
the name of McMillan was sent in to
examine the property, and he not onlv
condemned it. but he condemned the
whole camp, which caused tlie San Fran-
cisco company to quit. In October of
the satne year it was 1)onded to Wake-
field, Roberts and Corbin, who, in March,
1K94, took Patsy Clatk and his associates
in on the Imnd.

During the summer of iSg^, the Le Roi
company, aided financially by the provin-
cial government, undertook the construc-

tion of the wagon road to Trail landing,
for the dual purpose of bringing in
machinery and hauling out ore. In
August, 1893, Brig Atkinson started haul-
ing ore from the Le Roi to Trail, an<l the
I^e Roi company has been shipping ore
ever since.

In the same year Ftank Loring, on the
strength of some large assays, bonded the
Josie for Patsy Clark, but Clark after-
wards declared he had been salted, as he
only obtained p.oo gold values. From
the same pulp luring got returns as high
as 1(40.00 in gold. Loring then made
Clark a proposition to take the l)ond off
his hands, which was accepted. Mr. Lor-
ing took the Sonnemann Brothers, of
Kellogg, Idaho, in with him, and they
immediately began work. George Sonne-
mann carefully sampled the dump all
summer, but could never get more than
|t20.oo in gold per ton from the ore. In
the fall of 1894 Joseph L. Warner sampled
the dump, and on the strength of the
assays made by himself purchased it, and
made a shipment of some 70 odd tons to
a Tacoma smelter. He got I43.00 per ton
from the smelter. Up to this time assay-
ers apparently had been unable to deter-
mine the value of the ore. Ellis, who had
made the first assays for Topping, Moris
and Bourgeois, l)eing the only one whose
assays ran even with the smelting returns.

In the sunmier of 1894, Ed. Havey and
the Carter Bros., then owners of the
Nickel Plate, put a hoist on this property
and sank the shaft to a depth of 66 feet.
About the same time Patsy Clark had a most
careful survey made of the workings of
the War Eagle, and it was found that the
tunnel had left the ledge, and instead of
following the course of the vein (south-
west) that the tunnel had been driven due
west, consequently nmch to the north of
the vein. A crosscut was started for the
vein and reached it in seventy feet. Then
the War F^agle was a mine.

During the satne summer F.il. Welch
and his partner Sam Morris had located
the fSold Hill property on Granite Moun-
tain. They commenced work on a shaft
and in Octol)er of the same year they
shipped twelve tons of ore. The Smelter
returns did not show nearly the values
that the ore was supposed to contain, so
Welch and Morris lost mrney on the en-
terprise.

On December 4t1i, 1894, Patsy Clark and
his as.sociates jMld off the Ixind on the
War Eagle group, which then consisted
of the War Eagle, Iron Mask and Virginia.
The purchase price b^ing 123,000. This
done they innnediately entered into a
contract with the East Helena Montana

Smelting Co, to furnish them a minimum
of 1000 tons per month of War Eagle.
The purchase of the War Eagle and the
terms of this contract were given much
publicity by the Spoiesman-Zfetieti' and
other papers in the State of Washington,
and inmiediately the Trail Creek district
became the cynosure of the eyes of every
prospector and mining man in the north-
west. The stampede which resulted in
giving the Trail Creek camp, a world wide
reputation at once began. From that
moment to the present day there never
has been a doubt as to the wonderful
future of this more wonderful camp. In
January 1895 nearly every well known
prospector in the northwest was heading
for Trail Creek, and by the middle of
March every available piece of ground
had been located, in fact in some places
several locations had been made to cover
one vacant claim. Capital soon followed
and among a host others the following
well known operators were early on the
ground. John M. Burke, J B. Jones, C. S.
Warren, A. W. McCune, A. E. Humph-
reys, Chas. Sweeney, S. I. Silverman, and
L. P. Merrill. Early in the month of
April every claim within a close radius of
Red Mountain had been Ixjwded, disputes
involving title to good mineral claims
notably in the case of the present West
Le Roi and Josie consolidated, had been
adjustetl and forces of men put to work
on the various properties, clearing away
brush, trees and other obstacles prepara-
tory to work of deep mining.

In June the snow had entirely disap-
p».ared and the hills adjacent and tribu-
tary to the Trail Creek camp were literally
alive with men, prospecting for precious
metals. The Commander and Crown
Point mines are the two most important
finds of the early months of the year 1895.

In July oi}erations were resumed on the
Centre Star, a property which had laid
idle for three years, and from the Jutnljo
on the West to the Kootenay on the east
mining development was being carried on
on nearly every claim. Orders for the
iii.stallation of compres.sor and hoisting
plants were of frequent occurrence, and
slowly but surely the Trail Creek district
assumed the healthy app-'arance of a
prosperous mining camp.

Without a doubt the greatest and most
important event of the year was the
signing of an ore contract by the Le Roi
Mining and Smelting Company with Mr.
F. A. Heinze. The contract called for
75,000 tons of Le Roi ore to be delivered
to Mr. Hein/.e on the Le Roi clump, he to
move and treat the ore at > 11.00 per ton.
This contract in :idilitioii to clearlv fore-

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL C31EEK DISTRICT

I them a niinimuin
th of War KaKle.
ar Kagle and the
were ({iveii much
•s»Han-Jiei>ini> and
te of Washington,
rail Creek district
■ the eyes of every
man in the north-
which resulted in
:amp, a world wide
gan. From that
day there never
to the wonderful
nderful camp. In
very well known
west was heading
)y the middle of
piece of ground
ct in some places
!en made to cover
lital soon followed
ers the following
were early on the
:e, J B. Jones, C. .S.
!, A. E. Humph-
I. Silverman, and
in the month of
n a close radius of
ti bonded, disputes
d mineral claims
the present West
lidated, had been
nen put to work
es, clearing away
jbstacles prepara-
ning.

d entirely disap-
jacent and tribu-
amp were literally
:ting for precious
ider and Crown

most important
IS of the year 1895.
re resumed on the

which had laid
from the JumlK)
enay on the east
s being carried oM

Orders for the
sor and hoisting
t occurrence, and
lil Creek district
appearance of a
).

reatest and most
e year was the
ct by the Le Roi
impany with Mr.
intract called for
; to be delivered

Roi dump, he to
It $11.00 per ton.
I to dcarlv fore-

stalling the speedy erection of a smelting
plant in close proximity to the mines of
the camp reduced the figure of freight

of the record of the camp, and need have and farm product', .\ccordingly, in the
no fear for its future. The reajions for ; following month, the owners, Mr. Tlioniii-
this belief are manifold. The construe- • son having in the meantime traded mi
and treatment of sulphide ores five dollars I tion of the Crow's Nest I'ass railway will interest in the lownsite to John R. Cook,
and fifty cents per ton, thereby giving | reduce materially the cost of smelting, struck a bargain with J. Kred Rili-hie.
much encouragement to the ownersoflow i and though the Le Roi smelter is being then the leading land surveyor at Nelst)n,
grade ores. Too much cannot be .said in j built in the dominions of I'ncle Sam, it and the townsite was platted. It was dt-
praise of Mr. Heinze for his unbounded will no doubt give much needed compe- cided to call the town Thompson, in
faith in the Trail Creek district at a period tition in the smelting business, thereby honor of its locator, but this name not
when mining development had not nearly helping the owners of Trail Creeks' mam- being sonorous enough, at least so con-
proved the possibilities of the district as I moth deposits of low grade sulphide ores, sidered by the postal authorities, who
they are known to-day. j j al.so raised the point that the name

The place of erection of the .Smelter at ! poRMATION OF THE DISTRICT i would conflict with villages of the same
first caused nmch speculation, but the ' j nomenclature in other parts of the prov-

ground for the works was broken at Trail In the formation of the district the pre- ince, a change was made to Rosslaiul.
in September, and the work of construe- j vailing rock is a greenstone in all its Lots were immediately placed on sale,
tion carried rapidly forward. The plant ! various refinements of nomenclature, but William Melville (otherwise Judge) New-
was first placed in operation in February j mostly diorite, syenite, porphyry— tlioritc ton having been made agent for the town-
of the following year and has from that i of all shades and textures, owing to its site company. .

day employed aoo men in ths reiluction ' constituents, viz.: feldspar, pyroxene and The choicest lots readily brought Jt.^o.oo
of Trail Creek ores. hornblende l)eing variously proportioned, apiece, the purchasers mainly being the

In the year 1895 development work j These nioimtain masses of diorite are prospectors and miners who had actjuiri-il
proceeded steadily onward in the mines | riven in .several directions, but mainly on mining interests in the camp. David
of the camp. Kach day's work showed up , east and west lines, by a series of true ' Stussi Was the first to erect a small buihl-
more ore in sight tb n the day before. 1 fis.sure veins. The.se veins are filled with ■ ing out of lumlx-r that had been saved
Innumerable companiL-s good, fly-by-night i a massive mixture of iron and copper sul- from the raging waters of the Columbia
and indifferent were formed for the de- \ phides, consisting of a pyrile, chalco- at Boundary City. This building stood on
velopment of the Trail Creek mines; and j pyrite. arseno-pyrite, pyrrhotite and mis- ' the site of the present Pacific hotel, near
hundreds of thousands of shares were | pickel, in a quartz and calcspar gangue. the west end of Columbia avenue. He
placed throughout the length and breadth I This ore is not often crystallized, but is put in a limited stock of goods, and in

of the land. Much has been said for and
against this method of obtaining funds
for the development of mines and the

usually in a solid amorphous mass, carry- ' addition his store constituted the post-
ing one to three ounces in gold, three to office of the place. The next building

was built by Thomas Miller and John
McDonald out of hewn logs. This build-
ing was recently torn down, and its site
is now occupied by the handsome block
of (ioodeve Brothers, the ilruggists. For
a perio<l of one year this building was
used as the offices of the Provincial

ten per cent, copper, and a small, varying

writer in this article has neither the space amount of silver, usually less than ten

nor the inclination to argue the question ounces to the ton.

one way or the ■ other. However the Had Ross Thompson l>een paid prompt-
actual mining development ca Tied on in ly for the work he did in a sawmill at
the camp during the two previous years Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, in the summer of
was certainly the only means of convinc- 1891, the site of what is now destined to
ing the promoters of two railroad com- be the largest city in the interior of the | Government at Rossland, ami in addition
panies that the mines of the camp yielded province of British Columbia would have ' to being the recording office of the dis-
enough tonnage of ore and other business another name tha- Rossland. Ross I trict, it was also the gaol and the court
to warrant construction. Th? Columbia Thompson landed at Trail in the fall of house. The third building was soon
and Western was completed in June 1896, 1891, and after some prospecting trips ; afterwards erected at the north-west cor-
the Red Mountain (a branch of the Spo- through the district, he concluded that , ner of Columbia avenue an«i Spokane
kane Falls and Northern) six months the Trail Creek district was good enough street by John Kdgren, who, upon its
later. for him, and witn an eye to future busi- completion opened a small store. About
The resume comes to the Trail Creek ness he filed a pre-emption on the one the same time the townsite company

camp of to-day, its merits and demerits.
Tiie consensus of opinion of unbiased
mining men being that "t is without a
peer (for its age and advantages) as a
gold copper producer in .America. Six
mines are we2kly shipping an rggregate

commenced the erection of the Clifton
hotel. This building was completed early
in July, and on the twelfth day of that
month it was opened by Alex. I,ynch (at

hundred and sixty acres that are now
covered by the city of Rossland.

In May, 1892, he built a log cabin now ,
! occupied by the store of Enipey Bros, and

I a barber shop, on the south side of Coluin- ] present local manager of Thomas Wilson
I bia avenue. In June he moved into it, : &. Co., of this city), and J. M. Stewart,
of 2000 tons, the value of which may be and for three years, in addition to l)eing Mes-srs. Lynch and .Stewart brought a
roughly placed at $50,033. Development the home of the builder, it was a refuge .stock of goods from Trail, and opened a
work in half a dozen other properties : at times fr revery old timer in the district small store in the CliTton in the space now
warrants the belief that this present out- who was unable to get the bearings of his occupied by the dining room. Karly in
put will be doubled if not trebled during i own habitation. \ August Ross Thompson started work on

the coming year. In May, 1894, Mr. Thompson obtained ! the Rossland hotel building; and Rlie

The pnst and present of this camp cer- a crown grant for hispre-emption, and he ! Lavalley built a habitation for his shoc-
tainly rroclaims in no unmistakable then, with much wisdom, concluded that i making business and family on Spokane
terms what its future will be. Its be- the land was much better adapted for 1 street. With many alterations this build-
jievers certainly have reason to be proud town lots than for .trrowing garden truck ' ing now constitutes the Spokane hotel.

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

Loiiin Blue, in July, brought in a port- 1
tible saw mill from Stevens county, state
of VVaNhington, and in August started
sawing lumber on an order from Stack and
McDonnell, for the Grand hotel. Mc-
IXmnell himself going to work in the
mill. From that lime the town began to
grow slowly. Q^rraher and Manly of
Grand Forks established a butcher shop.
This .shop was located on Spokane street,
and is now the place of business of the
Okanogan meat market. Next, Joseph
C. Luckenbel put up a building on Colum-
bia avenue for the purposes of a bath
house and'barlier shop. At this time this
building was the only one on the south
side of Columbia avenue, and was con-
sidered to be in the outskirts of the new
village. Today this building is almost in
the heart of the city. For the past year
it has Ijeen the home of the Bank of British
North America. Shortly afterwanls David
.Stus.si built himself a dwelling house on
the lot where the Crescent dry goods
store now stands, and Joe V'ogel, a well-
known character of the camp, erected a
log cabin where Hunter Brothers general
merchandise store is now situated. To the
north of tlie townsite, in the afterwards
somewhat cla.s,sic regions of the famous
Sour Dough, protiably twenty or thirty
prospectors and miners, either unable
or u' willing to purchase lots on the town-
site, had reared their humble homes.
This was the Ro.ssland of the days when
the wonderful .strike was made in the
War Eagle. In November, this mine's
management signing a contract to ship
250 tons of ore per week for three months,
attracted the attention of outsiders.
George Tunstall, of Nelson, erected the
store and office building now occupied by
C. O. Lalonde and the Reddin-Jackson
Co. Dad McKellar, in December, put a
stage on the Northportroad, and transient
travel at once increased to an alarming
extent, sleeping accommodations especi-
ally being taxed to their utmost; a lied
was often unobtainable, while shakedowns
were at a premium.

By the first of January, 1895, the town
of Rossland consisted of about half a hun-
dred buildings, cabins and shacks, the
inhabitants of which numbered two hnn-
dred .souls. As yet there had been no
rapid rise in the value of real estate,
though lots on Columbia avenue were
changing hands for figures ranging from
seventy-five to two hundred dollars. The
population at this time consisted chiefly
of the most typical types of the hardy
western miner and prospector. The town
contained no gaol, constable or other peace
officer, anil none were needed; a fact which

speaks in most glowing termsof the charac-
ter of the men and women who were the
pioneers of the now thriving city of Ross-
land. Although at this time the town
had the most congested means of com-
munication with the outside world, there
has been no very material change in the
prices of the necessaries of life; flour was
two dollars aud one half per hundred-
weight, and v'hisky sold at the usual
western price of twelve and a half cents
per drink.

In the middle of January G. A. Bigelow,
Chas. Van Ness, W. R. Will, John Malone,
W. F. TeeUel, J. H. Nolan, George Tun-
stall and other business men from Nelson
and New Denver, looked the town over,
bought thirty lots, let contracts for build-
ings, and in less than thirty days from
that time Mr. Van Ness was doing business
in a two story building, now known as
the War Eagle hotel, and Mr. Bigelow
was selling merchandise in the largest
building in the town. This building, with
a few changes, is now occupied by A.
McBride & Co., the hardware merchants.
Lots had quickly advanced, the best in-
sides being held at five hundred dollars.

There was no boom; that is, lots were
not being sold to real estate speculators.
Purchasers in the main were men who be-
lieved the town had a future, and believ-
ing so embarked in business in it. They
said, here is a camp in which hoisting
works were erected at the mines liefore
saloons were built; one whose payroll is
all within a radius of two and one hab
miles of Rossland, consequently there
must lie substantial reasons for the exist-
ence of a big city.

February saw the commencement of
the building boom. In rapid succession
did the inception of one building loUow
the completion of another. Hunter Bro-
thers came to Rossland during this month
j from Coulee City, and were soon im-
! pressed with the business activity of the
I place, and the second day after their ar-
j rival they purchased for a mode.st price
(judged by its present value), from Joe
Vogel, the lot upon which their com-
modious store building now stands. A
contract for the erection of the store was
let, and before the first of April they were
doing business. Almstrom Brothers, of
Northport, had erected and were occupy-
ing the Victoria hotel. Lange and Peter-
son had opened the pioneer restaurant of
the town in the building now occupied
by the Spc''"ne hotel. Keefer and Hall
were doing a iii.'"*' business in the cigar
and tobacco line in a small store in
the rear of the Grand hotel on Spokane
street.

The month of Pehrnary nlno saw the
establishment of the first newspaper in
Rossland. The first copy of a ncw.spuper
ever printetl in the town appeareil on
Thurwlay, February j8th, although two
issues of the /tossland Record had been
issued previously, Ijcfore Eber C. Smith,
the proprietor of the paper, had been
able to get a team to haul up the plant
from Northport, so busy were the freight-
ers hauling lumber. The paper was a
very creditAble production indeed, and
spoke volumes for the stability an<l
energy of the new town. When the
Record came to Rossland its plant and
composing room occupied the space over
Edgren's general merchandise store at
the corner of Spokane street and Colum-
bia avenue.

On March ind, i895,in its first issue, the
Rossland Miner, which was temporarily
housed in Ross Thompson's long suffering
cabin, tersely summed up Rossland as
follows: "Rossland has already four hotels,
three restaurants, three general mer-
chandise stores, three fruit and news
stores, two barber shops, one bath house,
one bakery, one tin shop, one black-
smith shop, one shoemaker shop, three
doctors, one lawyer, one landsurveyor,
one custom house, two saw mills, two
newspapers, and neither a real estate
agent or a constable. Justice is dispensed
by one justice of the peace, and straight

•hisky by four bartenders. The town is
»'.1.»rly, and there are already more than
|v ugh children to start a school." The
I Miner at that period was owned by
\ Messrs. Houston (now mayor) and Dake,
of Nelson. David B. Bogle was the
editor. The Miner in its original dress was
a three column eight page paper, and had
the distinction of being printed on book
paper. For many months the Rossland
Record and Rossland Miner had the jour-
nalistic and job printing business to them-
selves. Well and ably too did they cover
the field.

March, 1895, was a very important
month in the history of the new town.
j Great was the building and many were
the changes. The early operation of the
plant ot the Nelson Sawmill company,
which was situated down on Trail creek,
almost on the present site of the power
house of the Rossland Water and Light
company, at once relieved the pressure at
which Louis Blue's mill was being run,
aud for a time the lumber famine, which
had l)een hampering the erection of many
buildings, was relieved to a great extent.
Though two saw mills were running day
and night, and a mill at Northport was
shipping lumber to Rossland as fast as

nary also saw the
rst newspaper in
py of a newspaper
own appeared on
ith, althou)(h two

Record had been
re Eber C. Smith,

paper, had l)een
haul up the plant
f were the freiKlit-
The paper was a
ition indeed, and
the stability and
town. When the
,nd its plant and
ed the space over
chandise store at
street and Colum-

n its first issue, the
1 was temporarily
on'slong suffering
I up Rossland as
ilready four hotels,
ree general mer-
; fruit and news
)s, one bath house,
shop, one black-
naker shop, three
Dne landsurveyor,
iro saw mills, two
ler a real estate
ustice is dispensed
eace, and straight
lers. The town is
ilready more than
rt a school." The

was owned by
mayor) and Dake,

Bogle was the
original dress was
ige paper, and had
printed on book
iths the Rossland
finer had the jour-
; business to them-
too did they cover

very important
of the new town.
; and many were
y operation of the
awmill company,
n\ on Trail creek,

site of the power

Water and Light
red the pressure at
11 was being run, •
t)er famine, which
e erection of many

to a great extent,
were running day

at Northport was
isslaiid as fast as

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL caiEEK DISTRICT

teams could haul, building affairs were in
a most congested state. During this
month .vork was started on the Ritchie
block for J. Fred. Ritchie and Brig At-
kinson. (>us Wassholm built the Moun-
tain View (now the Clarendon Hotel).
W. K. Teetzel built the block now occu-
pied by the drug store of McLean &
Morrow and the Vancouver Cigar store.
H. P. McLean was the pioneer druggist
in the then thriving town, and has been
doing business ever since at the same
place in which he opened, though for a few
weeks he was temporarily installed in G.
A. Bigelow & Co's general merchandise
store. R. A. Spencer built the Howard
Hotel during the month and at the same
time Jones & McDonald opened up the
Belmont Hotel on Sour Dough Alley.

The recording office for the district,
which up to the present time had been loca-
ted at Trail, to the great inconvenience of
every mining man, miner and prospector
in the district, was moved to Rossland,
and Wm. Newton was temporarily ap-
pointed recorder. However, his arbitrary
methods of doing business for miners and
prospectors demanded a change, and the
appointment of John Kirkup as recorder
and Government agent gave general sat-
isfaction. The recording office was at
once moved from the Custom House to
McDonald & Miller's log building at
tie east end of Columbia Avenue.

In January the Dominion Government
made Rossland a sub-port of entry to the
port of New Westminster. W. S. Jones
was appointed collector. At this period
the Government strenuously objected to
opening a Customs office here, averring
that the office would not pay running ex-
penses. It was only upon the manage-
ment of the War Eagle Company agreeihg
to pay the Collector's salary that the
office was opened. For a period of four
weeks Rossland's Collector was without
an office building and obligingly did busi-
ness at all hours of the day and night to
accommodate the merchants and business
men of the town.

In March, "Spud" Murphy also' com-
pleted the Rossland Spring Brewery, and
applied for license to commence opera-
tions, the initial capacity of the brewery
l>eing fifteen barrels per day.

At this period of the town's hi.story all
the buildings were erected within a
close radius of the Clifton Hotel, and for
many months events gave the impression
that the main business portion of the town
would gradually work its way westward,
but the townsite company declined to re-
move the rock bluff, which to this day is
a veritable bete noir to this portion of the

city. Between the Ritchie block iind the
present Kootcnay Hotel, then the eiist'Tn
limits ofthe town, the creek passing down
Centre Star guU-li seemed to cut off what
is now the best Imsiness part of the city.
However, the "rection of ii tailor shop by J.
All)ano, in the building now occupied by
I'aterson, Johnson &. Co., the construction
of the White House building and the
Kootenay Hotel, at once and forever set-
tled the direction in which the position
ofthe business portion of the town would
be. i-\)M after work was commenced on
the Kootenay Hotel, the Rossland Miner
people built the building, at least a jx)r-
tion of it, which now stands at the north
east corner of Washington and Columbia
avenue, where Martin Bros, arc conduc-
ting their hardwar" I -siness. Though
all this building was going on in the east
end of the town, it must not be presumed
that this section of the town had all the
improvements, for buildings were be-
ing erected very quickly in the west end
ofthe avenup. During March and April,
David Stussi erected the Stussi block, the
main portion of which since its completion
has been occupied by the book .store of
Mr. H. 3 Wallace. The portion of the
building now occupied by the Ensign
Cigar store, Mr. Stussi utilized as the
post office, and though only ten feet wide
and forty feet long, for six months it had
ample space for the modest needs of the
town. A. J. Shirley's was the pioneer
bakery ofthe town, though Billy Kellem
was running a bakery in connection with
his restaurant. His building stood on the
1 lot now occupied by Travers' hardware
I store.

About the same time too 'Bob' Lemon

! the irrepresiible one of the pioneer mer-

1 chants of Nelson, Three Forks and other

i places in the upper country, arrived in

town ai,d bought the lot to the west of

! the War Eagle Hotel and commenced the

I erection of one of the very first lath and

; plastered buildings in the town. On the

completion of the building Mr. Lemon

moved in one of the most complete stocks

I of mining supplies ever seen in the

country, bringing it from his store at

' Three Fo-ks, a town which upon the

\ birth of Sandon as the natural supply

: point ofthe mines of Carpenter Creek, on

the Slocan, was rapidly becoming deserted.

James Price, the tailor, in .■\pril erected

; the building in which he has been doing

i business ever since. Bill Perdue and Pat

i Burns arrived about the .same time, and

i from that time on the corner on porter-

I house steaks and sweet breads was "off'."

! This firm first opened in the Teetzel

I building, next door to the drug store of

McLi'an & Morrow, pending the erection
of the hanilHoine shop on .SjMikaiie stri'cl
in which they havi' liren doing luisims-.
ever since. Hilly Perdue has since left
the partnership. Charles W. Clnett whs
the pioneer assayer and had his oiliceand
furv.HCe r(«>ni in a shack to the rear of
Kellem's restauriint, which was situated
right at the head of .Spokane stre<'i imd
was the western terminus of Sour Dough
Alley. Prank Davey came next in the
asiiaying business, his domicile is now the
home ofthe yuecu restaurant next to
Jerry Spellniau's hotel. Jerry, too, is an
old timer, and has l)een the only tenant
of the Rossland hotel. Dr. Kellar was
the pioneer light of the medical profes-
sion, settling here in the latter part of
January. Towards the end of February,
he put up his house and office building
on the lot to the east of the recording
office. Dr. Bowes came soon after, anil
he also in the spring built the house on
Columbia avenue, which he occupied
until last fall. At this period this house
was the only building on the south side
of Columbia avenue, east of the Luckenbcl
block. By the first tlay of June, all the
buildings nientioned above as l)eing in
the course of erection, were occupied and
their owners or lessees carrying on their
business in them. Early in this month.
EberC. .Smith let a contract for the cctr-
struction of the Record block, and Jmi.
Watson had laborers and miners at work
tearing away the bluff' for a site for the
new Pacific hotel. Jno. Watson was ut
[ this time runninp ihe best restaurant that
I has ever been in Ros.sland. Thomas &
i Smith also erected a commodious feed
i and grain store on the lot which at pres-
I ent is the site of the Bank of British
\ North .\nierica. I'p to this time there
I had been but few residences erected.
There were many reasons for this, the
principal one for which was. the fact
I that lumlier for residential purposes was
i at this time unobtainable at any price.
I The lumt)er that was l)eing cut here daily
[ was green and wis taken from the saw as
soon as it was cut by eager teamsters.

For the most part, the people who had
so far so materially aided in the up-build-
ing of the new city were atxiut equally
divided between native Canadians and
Americans. As to day, there existed
i the utmost good feeling and friendship
, among them, and the one object
\ that everyone seemed to have was to
i make Rossland the premier city of the
; Kootenays, and how well they succeeded
is easily seen in the magnificent appear-
ance of the Rossland of to-day. To illus-
trate more fully the friendship of

fl~

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

,'i5

the Canadlana and Americana living at
that time in Romland and how little at-
tention wan paid to the customs of either
country, it is n well-recorded fact that
Postmaster Dave Stussi kept the local
office open on Dominion Day and closed
it on Fourth of July.

Though up to this time little or no im-
provements in the way of street grading
or laying sidewalks had Jieen nude, the
appearance of the place had vastly im-
proved during the first six tnontho of the
year 1895. Spokane street and Columbia
avenue were rapidly building up, and the
Clifton corner, as it was popularly known,
was fast giving the place the symmetrical
appearance of a well laid out city. Build-
ings were Jjeing painted, and the more
public-spirited of the citizens were laying
sidewalks in front of their places of bus-
iness.

As yet there had been no real estate
boom, and up to the present day it may be
truthfully said that Rossland has never
suffered from this greatest curse, which
at different periods in their history has
inflicted nearly every town in the West.
Business lots certainly had advanced
to double and treble their original
prices, but when transfers were made the
purchaser generally only paid such price
as in his judgment the lot was worth as a
building site for the erection of a busi-
ness block. There was little or no de- ;
mand at this period for residence property, ;
as it was a matter of great uncertainty as j
to the location which the residence por- !
tion of the city would occupy. The nu-
merous cabins and shacks in the east end
of the city, in addition to being the ten-
derloin district, effectually prevented the
erection of homes in this neighborhood.
There was no change in original list prices
in property south of Le Roi avenue for a
period of nearly a year.

Commencing in July, a better class of
buildings than those previously erected
began to make their appearance. Mrs.
King (then Mrs. Allan) leased the lot at
the southwest comer of Columbia avenue
and Washington street from Blling John-
son, and immediately let a contract for a
$4,500 hotel. The Montana (the original
name of the Hotel Allan) was opened
with a grand ball early in August. The
McMillan Brothers, of Ottawa, had the
construction of the Butte and Windsor
Hotels started during this month, and
they were both ready for occupancy in
the month of September, the latter being
opened by Mrs. Lewis. Work was started
on the International Hotel, Donahue block
and the Ragland and Shirley buildings

on Spokane street. These buildings were
soon ready for occupancy, and were well
rented from the first. At this time, too,
building was going on at a rapid rate on
the east end of Columbia avenue. Camp-
bell Brothers opened a furniture store in
the building now occupied by the Queen
Saloon. Messrs. Annstrong & Mcl<aren
built their hotel, and the Stock Exchange
was put on during the same month. Dur-
the summer, Broderius Brothers opened
the general merclutndise store which they
afterwards sold to Enipey. W. S. Weeks,
of the Weeks, Kennedy Co., late in the
fall also opened up a small fish, fruit and
commission business in the stand now oc-
cupied by Weeks, Kennedy Co. E. A.
Spencer, a contractor who was here at
that time, buii. the Shaw Hotel, which
was opened during the month of October
by Mrs. Shaw. The Leiand Hotel opened
fo- business in that month, also. C. O.
Lrlonde opened a straight boot and shoe
bvtsiness in the Teetzel block, and Mar-
tin Brothers, having ousted D. B. Bogle,
the virile editor of the Kossland Miner,
in August, they having bought the build-
ing from the Nelson syndicate which
owned it, opened a large hardware
store. The Rossland Record a\so moved
into its new quarters in the Record block,
and the C. P. R. Telegraph Co. opened its
office in the same building. With the
exception of the erection of the residence
of John Kirkup and a few others, and
and the building of the Opera House by
Messrs. Blue, Pfeifer and Waldbeser, be-
hind the Hotel Allan, and the building of
innumerable cabins and shacks at all
points of the compass, the foregoing list
constitutes nearly all the principal build-
ings that were erected in Rossland during
the year of 1895.

A question likely to be propound \ed at
this period of the town's history is \<hat
was there to justify this amount of build-
ing at that time? This is easily answered.
Although the value of the mines had not
been fully proved, the magnificent ap-
pearance of the Le Roi, Josie, War Eagle
and Centre Star encouraged mining oper-
ations all over, and many properties were
under bond and working large forces of
men. And the showings on these prop-
erties were daily growing better. There
was a pay roll of $500,000 a year behind the
camp at this time to support the town,
and the transient travel had increased to
such an extent that two stage companies,
one operated by George Breckenridge,
the other by Sears & Son, were compet-
ing with Dad McKellar for the passenger
traffic from Northport. All were doing a
rushing business.

Mining operators were coming in from
all points, and among the first to come
during this summer and to invest their
money in mining properties ami real es-
tate of the camp were : A. W. McCune,
C. 8. Warren, T. E. Jefferson, D. M. Lin-
nard, A. E. Humphreys, K. A. Heinze,
John M. Burke and a dozen others. The
demand for goo<l mining property was
great, and in the earlier days of the
camp, the only mining broking offices
were the curbstone at various places, a
big lumber pile that stootl where the
Rossland Mercantile Co. is now doing
business, and the card rooms in the Clif-
ton and War Eagle Hotels. This fact in-
duced C. O'Brien Reddin and Merton
Jesseph to form a brokerage partnership
under the firm name of Reddin & Co.
Mr. Jesseph afterward retired from the
business, Mr. Reddin continuing. This
was the pioneer brokerage office in Ross-
land; that of C. M.Cowper-Colesand C. E.
Wynn Johnson was the next.

The signing of the 75,000 ton ore con-
tract l)etween the he Roi Company and
F. A. Heinze, and the selection in the
latter part of August of Trail as the site
for the new smelter had a most l)eneficial
effect on the future of the town.
The building of the smelter for the re-
duction of the Trail Creek ores by such
a practical man as Mr. Heinze, set the
tongues ot every mining man in the Paci-
fic north-west going and very soon busi-
ness men from all parts were looking for
an opening in Rossland. Again, a syndi-
cate of mining men who had made their
money in the camp was incorporated into
a company for the purpose of supplying
the new town with water and electric
light. This syndicate consisted of J. A.
Finch, Patsy Clark, W. S. Norman and
others. The company at once commenced
work, and by December had completed
the flume to the reservoir. The power
house and dynamo had been put in. On
third day of January, 1896, the Hotel
Allan was lighted by electricity. By the
middle of the month electric lights were
general throughout the city. Ground
was thawed and the water mains laid on
Spokane street and Columbia avenue.
The population of the town was now
about three thousand. This may be con-
sidered an outside figure.

Starting in January, 1896, the town
seemed to take on new life. The Columbia
& Western road from Trail, another of
Mr. Hetnze's enterprises, had been sur-
veyed and the actual work of construction
commenced. Numerous articles in east-
em papers by local writers had had great
effect in eastern Canada, and a great

v coining in from
the first to come
(1 to invest their
•rtieH nn<l real e«-

: A. VV. McCune,
Tergon, D. M. Un-
», V. A. Heinie,
Bzen othem. Tlie
ing property was
Her (lays of the
ig brolcing officea

various place*, a
Htootl where the
^o. in now doing
■ooniB in the Clif-
teU, This fact in-
Idin and Merton
erage partnership
of Keddin & Co.

retired from the
continuing. This
tge office in Ross-
ler-Colesand C. B.

next.

5,000 ton ore con-
loi Company and

selection in the
■ Trail as the site
1 a most l)eneficial
; of the town,
nelter for the re-
reek ores by such
r. Heinze, set the
g man in the Paci-
li very soon busi-

were looking for
1. Again, a syndi-
10 had made their
I incorporated into
>ose of supplying
Iter and electric
:onsisted of J. A.
S. Norman and
t once commenced
:r had completed
roir. The power

been put in. On
1896, the Hotel
lectricity. By the
ectric lights were
le city. Ground
,ter mains laid on
Columbia avenue,
le town was now

This may be con-
■e.

f, 1896, the town
ife. The Columbia

Trail, another of
es, had been sur-
ork of construction
IS articles in east-
ters had had great
ada, and a great

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

many ryes were turned towards Rossland. I
A well written article read by Mr. James
I). Sword l)efore the Canadian Mining
Association, had a like effect upon rasterti
mining men and others who quickly l)e-
came interested in Rossland mines. In
January and February very little builil-
ing was done, but in March a reg-
ular old fashioned I'uget Sound build- j
ing boom struck the town, and store ;
and office buildings were soon going up ',
in all directions. F. W. Hart Imught the i
Opera House from Waldl)eser and I'fcifer, I
at the same time purchasing the two lots !
on the south side of Columbia avenue at
the conier of Washington street opposite
the Hotel Allan, and at once commenced
the erectio'i of a large store and office
buih'i ij 'oon after its completion the
Postoffice was moved into it. This was the
signal for building in the eaU end of town.
John A. Cook, one of the original owners of
the townsite, built on the two lots west.
Mrs. Lewis undertook the construction of
the building now occupied by the Grand
Union hotel. Pat Burns also commenced
the construction of a block on the vacant
lot between the Kootenay hotel and the
White House building.

In April occurred the famous race be-
tween the two most conservative and
well-established banking institutions in
the world, to see which would first be open
for business in Rossland. The Bank of
British North America officials were on the
ground first, and secured a year's lease of
an office in the Luckenbel block, where
they posted a sign to the effect that the
bank would be open for business on Mon-
day, April 4. Friday night, April i, the
manager of the Bank of Montreal at Nel-
son arrived in Rossland, and had a big
sign printed for the Bank of Montreal, in-
tending to open in the oflSce of the R. J.
Bealey Co. in the morning. However, the
news of his arrival had been bruited
about, and in the morning the Bink of
British North America was doing busi-
ness in a barber shop. It is probably the
only time on record when a bank and
barber shop were doing business in the
same office — bankers shaving notes and
cheques at one end, while the barbers
were complacently shaving chins at the
other. The Bank of Montreal, however,
opened for business on Monday morning
in the Lemon block, at the west end of
Columbia avenue, which they occupied
until their present commodious and well
appointed office was constructed.

The opening of both these banks in the
town, in addition to filling a long-felt
want, gave added confidence in the town,
and buildings increased rapidly in the

next few months In rapid succcsHion
the Scott-IU-witl, Kcllar, I^ilondc and
Ri«li»T buildings wen- built <in llii- iKirtli
side of Coluniliia avi-iiue in llic- t-ust end
of the town. Washington strt-f I toi), wus
being partially opi-neil, and the Collins
lIouHC was fitiiKlied. Munly and Klook-
niann also put a large exlL-imion on to the
International, and opened therein a con-
cert and beer hall.

By sul>scription niul government aid,
about this time, con.sidt . . i^rading was
done on Columbia avenue. ic bluff" in
front of the post otfice was nuioved, and
the gulch which cut Col< -ntiia avenue in
twain ot the Burns' <ck was '"•lied up.

From this time , iie improvements in
the town were ropid. Chief. i noticcoble
were the building chani^e.s: Mock after
lilock was crecfd in th easi end of the
city; in fact, so rapii'ly did they spring up
that trom memory It is almost impossible
to recall the clironological order of the
npbuilding of the city at the east end of
Columbia avenue. The attention ofea.st-
ern Canadians to the marvellous wealth
of Trail Creek, which had tieen attracted
by Mr. Sword's and other articles, was
bearing fruit, an<l a score of brokers were
doing a lucrative business in thestdoks of
British Columbia companies. Money
came easy, and went the same way. Busi-
ness in all lines was brisk; especially were
those merchants who were dealing in
mining supplies successlul, as many pros-
pects had been snapped up by eastern in-
vestors, and men were being put to work
daily, opening them up. The main street
was crowded all day ami up to ten o'clock
at night, but it must be candidly con-
fessed that these crowds were for the most
part very orderly. Transient travel was
enormous, and the hotels were constantly
crowded with investors and mining men
and engineers, who had been sent here to
report on the camp.

In June, Eber C. Smith established the
Ei'enitig Record, a paper which filled the
local field of daily journalism for six-
months. It fully covered the local dis-
trict, and its files for that period certainly
are a very complete iiistory of the town,
camp and happenings. In July, the
Rossland Miner appeared in a new dress,
coming out as a six column, eight folio
paper, devoted almost entirely to the
mining interests of the camps of Koote-
nay, and the Trail Creek camp in particu-
lar. The Rosslandet , the third paper
which filled the field of local journalism,
by an oversight has been overlooked. It
came here in July, 1895. The peripatetic
press of the Prospector, which had pre-
viously done service in Kaslo, New Den-

ver and Tlirec Forks, having birii nioveil
here. W. \. I'ratl was the i-dilor. In
.April, |Si)6, he sold the plant and paper
li> Messrs. Jones and Norllu'V. The
Ro.'slaildtr eoniniaiids a liberal share ol
the loeal subseription and ailvertisiiin
patronage. David H. Itonle and .\. R.
Macdonald, in September established the
Milling Rrricii'. This paper has siiiee
gone the way of all llesli. It is the only
newspaper ever established in Rossland
that has been stramled on the roeks of
adversity.

j During this period the town was grow-
ing apace. The completion of the Colum-
bia & Western railro.ul into Rossland in
the latter part of June, in a measure re-
lieved the congested condition rf trai's-
portation facilities, which were hampering
the progress anil improvement of the
town. The construction of the Red
Mountain railway from Norlliport was
undertaken during this month, and the
fui lire camp was made brighter. Ilalf-a-
dozen I'iastern newspapers had speciitl
conespondents in the town, writing up
the camp and town. The telegraph com-
panies receipts were growing fatter daily
with the reports that were being sent
out.

In October, Mrs. King (then Mrs. Allan)
commenced the erection of the first brick
building in the city. This building was
completed in February. In October also,
through the agency of Jim Wardner, a
Montreal syndicate purchased 842 or the
remaining unsold lots of the original
Rossland townsite. John Ferguson Mc-
Crea was appointed agent for the new
owners, and lots were imniediately placed
on sale. Ross Thompson was the first
purchaser, buying four lots, ujwn which
he has built the finest residence in the
city.

In December the I' ossland Miner Print-
ing and Publishing company issued the
first morning daily, with the fullest Asso-
ciated Press rei)orts ever printed in the
Kootenay district.

As a daily the Rossland Afincr has been
issued as a six and seven colunni four folio
new.spaper. In addition to containing
the telegraphic news report as furnished
by the Canadian Pacific Telegraph com-
pany, the columns of the Miner are re-
plete with the mining news of the whole
Kootenay district. It has been remarked
on all sides that the Rossland Miner is a
newspaper that would credit many a town
much older and more centrally located
than Rossland. It is only another evi-
dence of the energy and determination of
the West.

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

III December, through all rail passen-
ger i\ ^ffic was established with Spokane,
the Red Mountaii. road having been com-
plete<l to Rossland. The operation of
this system has been a great txx>n to the
merchants and mine owners, as it has en-
abled them to land freight in bulk. The
road has also given increased freight facili-
ties for handling the output of the mines.

In winter a mining camp is never seen
at its best, '■'his is so for various reasons.
The snow obstructs building operations,
and except in the case of developed
mines, mining operations are impeded.
Such has been the case with Rossland,
though last winter much building was
done, the Cosmos, Creedmore, and other
blocks having been erected.

During last winter the town moved on-
wards in the even tenor of its way. There
are no especially noteworthy facts to be
recorded other than the arrival of many
business and mining men from other
camps and towns of the I'nited Stales.
Among these arrivals were John McKane,
Richard Plewman, John W. Fear, Fred. J.
Ferine, George M. Stunden and others.

The progress Rossland made was sub-
stantial and slow, l)ecoming a town that
has immense mineral deposits, only
awaiting capital to place them in the li.st
c)f shipping mines, in addition to dividend
paying mines at its back. The town sub-
sisted on the payroll of the mines. Stock
business was I'laily growing less and on arri-
val of spring it had practically dwindled
away to nil. Transient travel was light too.

Ill March the Provincial legislature
passed the act authorizing the incor-
poration of Rossland, thereby giving the
city a municipal or civic government.
Roljert Scott and C. O. Lalonde were
placed in nomination for the honor of
being first mayor of what will l)e the
largest mining camp in the Pacific North-
west. The election contest was warm
and exciting. The "old timers" were
arrayed in support of Mr. Laloude, while
the "Johnny-come-latelies" were enrolled
under the banner of Mr. vScott. The
election was held on April 7, and much
to the surprise of the "old-timers" Mr.
Scott was elected by over one hundred
votes. The following gentlemen were
chosen »o sit at the council board: George
A. Fraser, Hector McPherson, Horace
Raymer, J. B. Johnson, \V. A. Campbell
and H. S. Wallace. The new mayor and
aldermen were at once sworn in, and
actively assumed the management of the
city's affairs. It is a bl?s.sing that the
town has been incorporated, anil it is a
pity that it did not take place sooner.
Improvement followed improvement. The

historic and at the same time picturesque
Sour Dough alley was quite literally
wiped off the map. Streets have been
laid out where formerly there were only
small trails leading the pedestrian through
a maze of cabins and shacks. Looking at
the results accomplished Mr. Scott has
made a most excellent chief executive,
and the people of Rossland have no com-
plaint to enter against the City Council.
They had innumerable obstacles to con-
tend against when they took hold. They
have certainly made a most creditable
showing in the short time they have been
in charge of the city government with
the means at their command. As soon as
the city wj 1 incorporated another build-
ing boom struck the town, and in a short
space of time a great many buildings were
erected on the northern part of Washing-
ton street, on First and Second avenues.
This is the Rossland of today.

A glance at the condition of the city
today discloses the information that Ross-
land has a population of nearly six thou-
sand people. The town has resolved
itself down to a pay roll l>asis. The '
days of the wild-catter and stock broker
arc over, and the population of the city are ;
depending upon the money earned in the !
development of the mines for their support. \

Though Rossland sprang up in a night, |
as it were, Rossland is no mushroom town. '
It has more to support it than any other '
town in Kootenay. In three years' time
Rossland has sprung from a place which
only had an existence on the map and in
minds of a few far-seeing (then thought
deluded) mining men and prospectors, to
a large city. With its numerous and well-
appointed hotels, its stores stocked with
all kinds of merchandi.se, its graded
streets, electric light and water system,
goo<l schools, telegraphic, telephone and
railway communication with all points of
the compass, it is settled beyond perad-
venture that the present Rossland is the
nucleus of a big city. Rossland is a very
orderly place, especially for a mining
camp, and though drinking tliere is of
course, the variety halls, dance houses
and gambling joints, common to all min-
ing camps in the United States find no
place here. They are not tolerated.
The British law, for which everyone has 1
a wholesome respect, is impartially and
fearlessly administered. Every line of
business common and necessary to a
large mining camp is well represented.

Though in Rossland every line ol busi-
ness is well represented, by this it must
not V>e understood that opportunities for
making money in the mercantile pursuits
are all gone. The business done in the ;

camp is constantly increasing as the mines
are more fully developed, consequently
frequently first class openings occur for
bright business men, who have capital at
their back and who are familiar with the
needs and likes of the inhabitants of a
large mining camp. People who are un-
familiar with the mining camps of the
west, as a rule have no business here,
though there are individual cases where
"tenderfeet" have done well.

No young man except a first-class miner
or one who has capital should come to
Rossland in search of employment. Both
in the town and at the mines the supply
of labor has always been in excess of the
demand, with the single exception of
machine men. First-class machine men
are at a premium and can always com-
mand work. The wages paid at the
mines, though not as high as in some of
the older Montana camps, where the ex-
cellent management of the different
unions control the labor market, are good.
Machine men receive $3.^0 per diem,
and J4.00 for shaft work. Hammersmen
or ordinary miners $3.00. Pump men
I3.00. Mine blacksmiths and carpenters
I4.00. Engineers $3.50 a:id |4.ao, accord-
to the size of plant which is l)eing
operated. Blacksmith helpers J3.00. Sho-
vellers, cannen and surface roustalwuts
I2.50. In the city the ruling wages are
about |J.50 per day for all kinds of work.

Buttes and Virginia Cities are not made
in a day, and no impartial observer of
Ros.sland, and the network of mines
which surround it, believes for a moment
that the town has nearly reached its
zenith. When th ' Crow's Nest Pa,ss rail-
way is a reality, the Trail Creek camp
will enter upon an era of prosperity
hitherto unknown. Thisroad, in addition
to giving the district competitive freight
facilities, will bring down the smelting
changes with a thud, and thus permit the
working of large bodies of low grade ores,
now valueless. Time is now the greatest
factor in Rossland's future. Rossland has
a .splendid future before it; the days of
doubt and uncertainty are past. Conserva-
tive observers estimate Rossland's popula-
tion in five years' time will amount to thirty
thou.saiid people. Present indications
seem to justify such a prediction. At no
time in their history did the mines, the
backbone of Rossland's prosperity, present
such a magnificent and encouraging ap-
pearance. New strikes on pronpects, and
the uncovering of richer and higher grade
ore in the developed mines, are daily
being made. Uei us all hope that the
many bright things that are now proplu--
sied for the future wil'. Ite fulOlIed.

■H

•easing as the mines
ipecl, consequently
openings occur for
rho have capital at
e familiar with the
iC inhabitants of a
'eople who are un-
ling camps of the
no business here,
(ridual cases where
e well.

>ta first-class miner
:al should come to
;mployment. Both
: mines the supply
fn in excess of the
ngle exception of
:lass machine men
I can always corn-
wages poid at the
high as in some of
mps, where the ex-
of the different
)r market, are good.
e J3.50 per diem,
•rk. Hammersmen
J3.00. Pump men
ths and carpenters

a;id I4.00, accord-
t which is l)eing
helpers fj.oo. Sho-
lurface roustalx)Ut»
; ruling wages are
' all kinds of work.
Cities are not made
partial observer of
etwork of mines
eves for a moment
learly reached its
(W's Nest Pass rail-
Trail Creek camp

era of prosperity
lis road, in addition
competitive freight
lown the smelting
nd thus permit the
s of low grade ores,
is now the greatest
ure. Rossland has
ore it; the days of
ire past. Conserva-
Rossland's popula-
'ill amount to thirty
resent indications
prediction. At no
lid the mines, the
prosperity, present
(1 encouraging ap-

1 on prospects, and
;raud higher grade
I mines, are daily
all hope that the
It are now prophc-

he fiilfllled.

Business and Biographical Sketches.

Many Old Pioneers. Some Later Arrivals, and all Men, Firms and Cor-
porations of Ability and Standing.

HUNTER BROTHERS,

Importers, ^.'lolesaU and ReUil Merchants.

It may be doubted if in any other min-
ing camp in the whole world its settlers
have possessed greater advantages of civi-
lization than are enjoyed by the miners
and dwellers in the great Trail Creek
mining district. In the majority of
camps a scarcity of provisions and exor-
bitant prices have been the rule. Here
thers is an abundance of the best of eve-v-
thing, and at prices to compare favorably
with those of much older communities.
Among the individual merchants and
firms whose enterprise and businessability
have contributed most to bring prices to a
reasonable figure, there are none who
have done more than the subject of this
sketch.

The brothers, James and Robert Hunter,
established in business here in 1895.
They had previously been in business at
Couiee City, Washington, with a branch
.store at Conconnully, Wa.shington,and are
experienced general merchants.

Hunter Brothers' l)u.siness property, 30
X 200 feet, fronting on the principal
.street of Rossland, is, with its basements,
one of the largest in the city. The firm
has also a connnoilious warehouse on the
Red Mountain track, and is able to receive
and ship goods in quantities.

The stock carried by Hunter Brothers
is almost .'is diverse as are the needs of the
community. That it is especially full
and conij^ >te in all that pertains to
miners' supplies might be exp-jcttd; but
we may add that being agents for giant
powdei, (.oddwin candles. Canton and
Hlack Diamond steel, and other .specialties
of the miner, this firm sells both to dealers
and to miners al' over this and ailjoining
districts. The lirm is also agent for
McClary's stoves and rangos, manufac-
tured at London, Ontario. Th'.- stock
includes, as well, a full line of plumbers'
supplies and steam fittings.

Hunter Brothers have a completely
equipped tin and sheet metal shop, where
tinware, sheet ironware, and galvanized
iron pipe and other iiiinin-; supplies are
maiiMfactured both to order aii<l for the
slock.

The past two years have been eventful
ones in the liistory of Rosslami, It I-is
twice doubled in population, in business
houses and in producing enterprises, and
it may be .said without di.sparagement of
others, that this firm has contributed in a
marked degree to every industry and en-

terprise which has helped to make the
prosperity of this city and great mineral
district, and that the house has become
an acknowledged leader in its several
lines of trade.

James and Robert Hunter were born in
: Oxford county, province of Ontario. The
, deservedly high standing to which they
^ have attained in business circles and as
I citizens has been gained by a course of
i fair and honorable dealing which has
i made the name of the firm a guarantee of
I integrity. They have, besides their main
I store in Ro&slan'd, a branch house at San-
! don, in the Slocan country, the latter
• being in charge of Charles D. Hunter.

The merchant, the prospector, the
! miner, the home builder, and all those
j wishing goods in the several lines carried
\ by this firm can make no ini.stake in deal-
ing with Hunter Brothers. The firm's
guarantee covers the lowest market price
! of the article sold, and its quality as well.

BANK OF MONTREAL.

If, as it is claimed, the stability and
character of a community and its nidus-
tries may be best judged by the character
and standing of its banks, the great min-
ing industry of the Trail Creek district
may be regarded as permanent, and a
bright future for Rossland a certainty.

That a comparatively new mining dis-
trict and its trade center, scarcely more
than two years old, should have attracted
to their gates so great and conservative a
financial institution as the Bank of Mon-
treal, is no less surprising in itself ilian it
is an endorsement of the most favorable
published reports of the great mineral
resources of tliis section of British Colum-
bia. The three words. Bank of Montreal,
have been in Canada for eighty years a
synonym for honor and integrity, and in
the commercial and financial world have
commanded a confidence unsurpassed by
any financial institution on the continent.

The Bank of Montreal was established
in 1S17, and was incorporated by act of
parliament. It has a capital (all paid up)
of Ji2,oj<),fKK>.oo, a reserve fund of
j(16,ooo,t<oo.<)o, and 11859,698.40 of undivided
profits. The head office of the Hank of
Montreil is at the city of Montr -al, and
its officers and directors and managers
are among the most noted financiers of
• he continent. Thev are Rt. Hon. Lonl
t'.lencoc, C.C.M.C.., i'rcsiilenl; Hon. (1. .\.

Drummond, Vice-I'resi<lent; A. T. Patter-
son, Esq.; Hugh McKennan, Ksq ; Edward
B. Greenshields, Esq.; R. B. Angu.s, E.sq.;
W. C. McDonald, Esq.; A. F. Gault, Esq.;
W. W. Ogilvie, Esq.; E. .S. Clouston,
General Manager; A. Macnider, Chief In-
spector and Superintendent of Branches;
A. B. Buchanan, Inspector of Branch
Returns; W. S. Clouston, Assi.stant Inspec-
tor; James Aird. Secretary.

The bank has thirty-iiiiie branches in
Canada, one in Newfoundland, two in the
Unite<l States, and one in London, Eng-
land. Its bankers in Great Britain are
the Bank of Englan<l and a numlwr ot
others of the most stable banks of the
mother country. Its corre.spondents and
agents in the United States are the
greatest banks of New York, Boston,
Buffalo, San Francisco, and Portland,
Oregon.

Itis worthy of note, as showing the high
regard in which the president of this great
financial institution is held by the govern-
ment of Great Britain, that he was one of
those on whom Her Majesty l)estowed
Jubilee honors, changing his title from
Sir Donald A. Smith to Rt. Hon. Lord
Glencoe, G.C.M.G.

The Rossland branch of the Bank ot
Montreal was established in April, 1896.

BANK OF BRITISH NORTH
AMERICA,

H. Stikeman, Esq., Montreal, Gen. Manager.

Ros.sland, like all Canadian towns hav-
ing a business sufficient to justify the
presence of a bank, has just cause to be
proud of her banking facilities. The B:ink
of Briti.sh Nortli America, a branch of
which was established in Rosslnnd in
April, 1896, had its beginning in 1836,
and was incorporated bv Roval Charter in
1840.

The history of this great financial in-
stitution has for sixty years been closely
identified with the history of Canada and
the provinces, and it may truthfully be
.said that no single agency, other than the
government, has done more to promote
the development of the great natural re-
sources of the Dominion tlnn the li.nk of
British North America has done through
its head office in London, England, its
general manager at Montreal, and its
branches at Quebec: Montreal, Quetiec;
Ontario: Ottawa, Toronto, Kingston,

( l^,.i L-

■■■■■■■■

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

flattiiUon, Brantford, London; Nova Sco-
tia: Halifax; New Brunswick: St. John,
Frederickton; British Columbia: Victoria,
Vancouver, Rossland (Kootenay), Trail
(sub-agency), Sandon, Kaslo, SlocanCity;
Manitoba: Winnipeg, Brandon.

The Bank of British North America has
a paid up capital of j^'t,cxx},ooo, and a
reserve fund of ^'275,000. The general
business is conducted by a court of ten
directors and a general manager. The
court of directors held their sixty-first
annual meeting at the London office, on
March 2, 1897. The report of that meet-
ing was in a very large sense a happy
repetition of the many that have preceded
it, all of which justify the statement with
which we began this article.

The Bank of British North America's
London bankers are the Bank of Bngland
and Messrs. Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co.
Agencies in America: New York agents —
Messrs. W. Lawson and J. C. Welsh, 52
Wall Street; San Francisco agents —
Messrs. H. M. J. McMichael and J. R.
Ambrose; 120 Sansome street.

The Rossland branch of this great bank-
ing institution has been a great factor, not
only in facilitating exchanges and afford-
ing other banking accommodations, but,
as well, in giving stability and standing
to the great mining industry of the dis-
trict, and in building a city of homes and
business enterprises, where, but a few
months before there was little but a wil-
derness.

Mrs. Allan's maiden name was Mc-
Laughlin, and her native province,
Ontario. She came to Rossland in 1896
from Nakusp, B. C., where she kept the
Nakusp hotel. She resided for some time
at Hastings, B. C, where she also kept a
hotel. Besides her hotel business Mrs.
Allan has valuable mining interests, and
is developing some promising mining
properties.

In assuming and conducting success-
fully so important enterprises in addition
to the management of her hotel, Mrs.
Allan has manifested a grasp of business
affairs both gratifying and surprising to
her many friends. She is a lady of edu-
cation and culture, of graceful manners,
with the ready and tender sympathies of
a mother, and a tact and judgment in
business affairs unusual in h.:r sex.

It is hardly necessarv co add, in con-
cluding this too brief sketch of the finest
hotel in this section of British Columbia,
tliat ladies or gentlemen desiring first-
class accommodation can make no mis-
take, by putting up at the Hotel Allan.

MARTIN BROTHERS,

Hardware Merchants.

THE HOTEL ALLAN,

Mrs. M. E. Allan, Proprietress.

The Hotel Allan is the pride of Ross-
land, and par excellence the best hotel of
the Briti.ih Columbia gold fields. It is the
tourists' resort, the commercial travelers'
choice, and a first favorite of the traveling
public.

The Hotel A!1an embraces two fine
modern buildings, one of brick. It was
designed and built with especial reference
to its fitness for a first-class hotel suited to
this climate. The house occupies one of
the best business corners in Ros.sland, and
is a popular place of re-sort for capitalists,
mining men, financiers and business men
of the city. The house has eighty-five
guest rooms, is lighted by electricity, and
has all modern improvements and con-
veniences. The halls are wide, the guest
rooms large and well furnished, all out-
side rooms, and well lighted. The office,
reading room, and a magnificent dining
room, with ample capacity for seating
over one hundred people, are on the
ground floor. The bar and card rooms
are the finest in the city.

The hotel was built by Mrs. M. E.
Allan. The property is one of the l>est,
Ijoth as to improvements and location, in
Rossland. The building has modern
plumbing and the most complete sanitary
arrangenients throughout. Mrs. Allan
has personal charge in conducting her
hotel, a.ssisted by experienced clerks,
steward, and efficient help in every de-
partment. Being herself an experienced
public hostess, Mrs. Allan is enabled to
choose her assistants wisely.

j It may be doubted if there is a mercan-
i tile house in Rossland better or more
I widely known throughout the Kootenay
: country than that owned and conducted
I by Martin Brothers. This house was es-
tablished in the spring of 1895, and is the
j largest establishment of the kind in Ross-
land. The business occupies the entire
t lower floor of the building in which it is
i located, and two warehouses besides.
i The salesroom is eligibly located at the
I comer of Columbia avenue and W'ashing-
■ ton street, and is stocked to its full capa-
city with everything pertaining to a
I first-class hardware .stock in demand in
j this section.

I Of the immense stock carried by this
j house we have space to speak only in
i general terms. Everything m the line of
I shelf and heavy hardware is carried, in-
] eluding stoves, ranges, builders' hardware,
I mechanics' tools, nails, mine and mill
! supplies, prospectors' supplies, black-
j smiths' supplies, saws, belting, steel and
' iron, tin and agate ware, cooking utensils,
I novelties, and the thousand and one
' articles which go to make up the complete
j retail and jobbing stock of the hardware
1 merchant. A specialty is made of powder,
, fuse, candles, and all the prerequisites of
i the miner and prospector.
1 It is worthy of note that the firm sells
the justly celebrated Burrow, Stewart &
I Milne stoves and ranges, the James Stew-
: art Manufacturing company 's stoves and
I ranges, and the Copp Brothers company's
; heating stoves. These are all of supenor
I quality, and liave given gratifying satis-
i faction in Rossland and elsewhere. The
I firm sells and puts in furnaces, and will
order any make ot furnace the purchaser
may desire.

The business also includes a manufac-
turing department in which tinware is
manufactured to order and for the stock.

and a she^t metal shop fully equipped for
the execution of large or small contracts
or jobbing, and for the manufacture of
galvanized iron pipes for mines, Another
department is devoted to plumbing and
gas and steam fitting. In this connection
it is pertinent to state that the firm carries
a full line of plumbers' materials and
supplies. Skilled workmen are employed
in the shops, and none but first-class work
is turned out.

Messrs. J. M. and W. C. Martin are
natives of Renfrew county, province of
Ontario. They served their time in a
mercantile house at Ottawa, and have
been ever since entering the mercantile
business for themselves as.sociated to-
gether, and known as Martin Brothers.
They were pioneers to Calgary, N. W.
Territory, and were for a number of years
t'.ie leading hardware merchants of that
place. I^ter they disposed of their
interests at Calgary and went to the coast,
and thence to Vernon, from which place
they came to Rossland two and a half
years ago. The firm still owns the lead-
ing hardware store in Vernon, and Mr. J.
M. Martin will be long remembered as
having been one of Vernon's most popular
mayors. On coming to Rossland the
Martin Brothers bought considerable real
estate, of which the lot on the corner of
Columbia avenue and Washington street
is a part. They at once erected the build-
ing they now occupy at that location, and
put in a complete hardware stock. They
are, as are nearly all of our merchants,
interested to some extent in mining and
j real estate, and it is not too much to say
their enterprise has had much to do with
the growth and prosperity of Rossland.

I O. M. FOX & CO.,

I Importers and '^l^olesale and Retail Grocers.

The attractive modern retail grocery
store, with its thousand delicacies gathered
from every country and clime, has lieen
developed within the last quarter of a
century, and almost within the last
decade. It is still unknown in many
cities much larger than Ros.sland and it
occasions surpri.se to strangers to find one
or more here.

The fine modern store which forms the
subject of this sketch was founded in
November, 1896, by O. M. Fox, E. C.
Lockwood, and W. J. Cusack. under the
firm name of O. M. Fox & Co. The busi-
ness occupies a large and well-filled sales-
room, eligibly located on Columbia
avenue, and an outside warehouse as well.
The amount, variety and quality of goods
carried in stock, the attractive manner in
which they are displayed, and the careful
and painstaking manner in which patrons
are served, warrant us in saying this is
one of the most complete modern grocery
stores in the Kootenay country. While
this house does a very large retail busi-
ness, a glance at the stock reveals the
fact that an extensive wholesale business
is carried on. In this connection it is
appropriate to state that this branch of
the business embraces the whole of the
great mineralize<l belt tributary to Ross-

iiUy equipped for
r sniall contracts
e manufacture of
mines. Another
to plumbing and
n this connection
at the firm carries
s' materials and
nen are employed
ut first-class work

'. C. Martin are
inty. province of

their time in a
ittawa, and have
g the mercantile
:s associated to-
Martin Brothers.
. Calgary, N. W.
I number of years
nerchants of that
sposed of their
went to the coast,
Tom which place
1 two and a half
ill owns the lead-
emon, and Mr. J.
g remembered as
ion's most popular
to Rossland the
considerable real

on the corner of
iVashington street
erected the build-
that location, and
rare .stock. They
jf our merchants,
It in mining and
t too much to say

much to do with
ty of Rossland.

md Retail Grocers.

rn retail grocery
elicacies gathered

clime, has l)een
last (juarter of a

withm the last
known in many

Rossland and it
mgers to find one

which forms the

was founded in

M. Fox, E. C.

usack. under the

& Co. The busi-

1 well-filled sales-

on Columbia

rarehouseas well.

I quality of goods

active manner in

il, and the careful

n which patrons

in saying this is

s modern grocery

country. While

large retail busi-

Block reveals the

holesale business

connection it is

t this branch of

the whole of the

ril)utary to Ro.ss-

ROSSLAND .\ND THE TP-AIL CREEK DISTRICT

land, and that a very considerable whole-
sale trade is done with mines and miners.

O. M. Fox & Co. are importers from
England and the United States, and buy-
ing largely in carload lots, are able to
quote very low prices to their retail as
well as to their wholesale trade. Th» line
of canned goods is especially full and
complete, comprising California and
Ea.stern canned fruits and vegetables. In
fancy groceries, teas, coffees and spices,
the Ijest is the rule. Flour, salt meats,
produce and all other staples, are handled
m quantities, and a complete and well-
selected stock of Crocker}', glassware,
tinware, graniteware, and other needs of
the camp and the home, completes one of
the largest stocks of the kind in Rossland.

Mr. Fox was formerly connected with
the Great American Importing Tea com-
pany, and the firm carries a full line of
their popular goods, and is the company's
sole agent for Rossland.

Wagons are run in the city and suburbs
for the free delivery of all goods sold, and
a very large local trade is done with
hotels, restaurants and families, and with
mines immediately surrounding Rossland.

The cosmopolitan character of Rossland
is well illustrated in the personnel of this
and many other of her leading business
firms. Mr. Fox is a German by birth,
Mr. Lockwood an American, and Mr.
Cusack an Englishman. Mr. Fox was,
previous to coming to Rossland, in busi-
ness in San Diego, California. Messrs.
Lockwood and Cusack were travelling for
a New York house, the former having his
headquarters at Spokane, Washington,
and the latter at Victoria, B. C. It is
interesting to note that the firm, in its
membership, represents three of the
greatest nations in the world, but it is of
greater interest of patrons to know that
both as a firm and individually, Messrs.
Fox, Lockwood and Cusack command
the entire esteem and confidence of the
public.

fitted throughout with modern conven-
iences, including electric lights, hot and
cold baths, electric bells, etc., etc.

Comfort of gue.sts is the first law of the
management of the Bellevue. Mr. Bell
is his own manager, and conducts his
hotel with a view of giving the best ac-
comodations to be had in the city. The
dining room is presided over by courteous
and attentive waiters, the culinary depart-
ment is in the hands of an experienced
chef, and the table is in itself a compli-
ment to the caterer. The bar is one of
the best in the city, and over it are served
the best drinks and fine imported cigars.

The Bellevue is conducted on Ixjth the
American and the European plans. A
free 'bus meets all incoming and depart-
ing trains, baggage, mail and telegrams
of guests receive careful attention, rooms
are reserved when ordered by telegraph,
and every courtesy and convenience ex-
tended to the public by first-class hotels
elsewhere is here observed.

W. H. Bell is a native of the Province
of Ontario. He was formerly in the stock
business at Quapalle, Northwest Ter-
ritory, and it was from that place he
came to Rossland a little over a year ago.
As proprietor of the Bellevue, he has one
of the l)est and most popular hostelries of
Rossland, and his house is a resort for
mining men, business men and com-
mercial travelers. It is interesting to
note that Mr. Bell has just built a danc-
ing pavilion adjoining the hotel, and it
will add no little to the popularity of the
Bellevue, as offering a place of entertain-
ment and recreation for guests of the
house and others seeking an evening's
amusement.

plishing it. More prospectors came in.
: The great Le Roi and other prospective
i mines showed increasingly favorable indi-
j cations from year to year, and in 1894,
; Mr. Thompson, acting upon his own
j judgment, and alone, purchased the land
from the government where Rossland now
.stands, and laid out the town. Itisneed-
i less to add that he builded liettcr than
] he knew.

Mr. Thompson showed his confidence

: by putting up the first building himself.

He sold lots on favorable terms to in-

I vestors, and in not a few instances gave

1 lots to those who would builil upon them.

j This liberality ma<le the popularity of

I Ro.ssland, which led to its doubling in

I population every few months, until it has

grown from nothing, in 1894, to being a

I city of eight thousand inhabitants, in 1897.

; Of Mr. Thompson's personal popularity,

we may say it is only less wide than that

of the city he founded. It is said of him

that he is connected with and an officer

in more companies and enterpri.ses than

any other man in British Columbia. It is

gratifying to add that prosperity and

fortune have apparently made no change

in Mr. Thompson's manners towards his

fellow men. His old friends still call him

"Ross" as familiarly as when he handled

the pick and drill, and everyone knowing

him holds him in high esteem ibr his

many excellent qualities of head and

heart.

HOTEL BELLEVUE.

W. H. Bell, Proprietor.

Among Ros-sland's many excellent
hostelries, there is none more worthily j
popular with the traveling public than 1
the Hotel Bellevue. The Bellevue is '
tnost conveniently located, at the comer i
of Washington .street and Second avenue, j
less than a block and a half from the Red
Mountain depot. The site is one of the
most elevated occupied by any hotel
building in Ro.ssland, .md commands an
excellent view of the camp and surround-
ing country.

The Bellevue was built and opened to
the public by W. H. Bell, the present
owner and proprietor, in the spring of
the present year. The building is a sub-
stantial, two story structure, containing
liesides the office, dining room and Imr
room, some thirty odd guest rooms. Mr.
Bell has sr' ?d no expense in furnishing
his hotel. : 1 every room is fitted with
new and aiiractive furniture and carpets.
There are no inside rooms, all being light
and airy, and commandi;igan unobstruct-
ed view from the windows. The house is

ROSS THOMPSON.

It is eminently fitting that this First
History of Rossland should give biographi-
cal mention of one who not only gave his
name to the town, but who was its founder
as well. Ross Thompson was a farmer's
boy, and was born in the county of Bruce,
in the province of Ontario, Canada. He
was taken when a child to Portage la
Prairie, Manitoba, where he lived until
his majority. Young Thompson had
ample opportunity to observe the condi-
tions necessary to the building of new
towns in that province. His later experi-
ences and observations in Montana, Itlaho,
Washington, and other mountain states,
enabled him to witness the birth and
rapid growth of mining towns.

We are justified in assuming it was this
knowledge of the necessary factors of town
building, supplemented by a habit of
close observation, no less than his faith
in the Trail Creek district, of which Ros.s-
land is now the business center, that
prompted Mr. Thompson to purchase a
tract of land from the government, and
lay out the town of Rossland. Be that as
it may, Mr. Thompson had, in 1890, after
spending a number of years in prospect-
ing, mining, and other ventures in mining
states and the provinces, come to the
Trail Creek district as a prospector. If
anyone had before that time thought of
locating a townsite in the district, he had
certainly taken no steps towards accom-

ROBERT SCOTT, ESQ.

Mayor of Rossland.

Robert Scott, Esq., Rosslaud's first
mayor, came to Rossland in .August, 1896.
He was born at (ialt, Ontario. He was
three succeeding terms mayor of his
native city, and, if we may rightly judge
from The Evening Reformer, of March
27th, 1897, a Gait paper, his previous ex-
perience in municipal affairs has been
such as to amply qualify him for the high
duties as first mayor of our magic city.

Following, we reprint the passage re-
ferred to in the preceding paragraph ;

"Ever since the announcement, made
some time ago, that ex-Mayc Rob't
.Scott would be a candidate for the
position of first Mayor of Rossland, Gait
citizens have taken a more lively interest
in Rossland matters, and have been
eager to obtain news concerning the
thriving young city of West Kootenay.
People here are only beginning to realize
the marvelous growth of Rossland, which
in one short year has increased in popu-
lation from a few hundred till at the
present time there are not less than
10,000 persons 1 ssident there, and all in-
dications point to a ixjpulation of at least
20,000 within the next twelve months.
What was a few months ago an unimpor-
tant mining camp will certainly rival
Butte and Johannesburg, and we would
not be surprised if there is a greater nish
to Rossland and the different Briti.sh
Columbia mining camps than ever took
place in the places mentioned.

"To be the first mayor of a city like
Rossland is a distinction and honor that
anv man might covet, and if elected be

ii /

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CBJEEK. DISTRICT

proud of. As our readers are aware, Mr.
Scott, with his son J. H. Scott, is the
owner of the Victoria Wheel Works, one
of Gait's most important manufacturing
industries, and when he went to Rossland
a little less than a year ago, Mr. Scott
announced his intention of remainingthere
if what was claimed for the new mining
town proved correct. Such has evidently
been the case, as he has invested largely
in real estate, besides being associated
with others in the ownership of what are
claimed to be among the best mining
properties there. Mr. Scott's friends
would naturally like to see him elected
as Mayor — not that they have anything
against his opponent, Mr. Lalonde — but
because he has always been one of our
most enterprising citizens, and they also
point with pride to his excellent record
in municipal matters in Gait. In 1873 he
represented Ward 3 in the council, and
in 187s sat as councilor for Ward 2. In
1876 and 1877 he was Deputy-Reeve, and
was elected as Reeve in 1878, 1879,
1880 and again in 1892. He is the only
gentlemen who ever filled the position
of Mayor of Gait three years in succes-
sion, holding as he did this position dur-
ing 1885, i886 and 1887. That Mr. Scott
was popular with the rate payers and
made a good Mayor must be clear, when
it is taken into consideration that in
nearly every case he had a contest, but
lie is able to say he was never yet beaten
in a municipal contest. Gait citizens will
wish him still further success in his
election to the Mayoralty of Rossland,
and we make the prediction that if he is
elected he will fill the position with
credit to Ixjth himself and the City of
Rossland."

to a greater or less extent, interested in
about twenty different properties. He is
a stock-holder in the Colonna and man-
ager of its properties, stockholder in the
Monte Cnsto Company, and manager
of its properties, a stockholder in and
manager of the Morning Star Company,
a stockholder in and manager of the
Detroit Company, a stockholder in and
manager of the Erie, and is general man

immediate opportunity to handle .some of
the many fine properties about Ros.sland
and adjoining districts. After careful in-
vestigation of different properties, by the
aid of experts, and becoming sufficiently
acquainted in mining and financial cir-
cles to enable him to "set his stakes" in-
telligently, Mr. Finch bonded the Silver
Queen Mine, one of the finest properties
in the Cariboo Creek Camp, Slocan Divis-

ager of St. Paul properties belonging to 1 ion. West Kootenay, and, chartering The
Toronto people. | Silver Queen Mining Company, limited

George E. Pfunder comes of Alsatian- 1 liability, obtained for that company a title
German stock, and was bom on the Rhine j to the property in fee. The Silver Queen
in 1849. He was brought by his parents j was stocked at $1,250,000.00 with|35o,ooo
to America when but three years of age, i in the treasury. The mine is now de-
and, with the exception of being away j veloped, No. i tunnel on the Black Fox
at school, may be said to have grown up 1 claim liaviiig already been driven a dis-
and lived among mines and mining peo- ! lance of over sixty feet into the finest
pie all his life. He began mining while i body of silver ore which has j;et been
yet in his 'teens. shown in that rich district; and it is ex-

pected that The Silver Queen will before
very long become a very profitable pro-
ducer.
We could hardly conclude this too

GEORGE E. PFUNDER.

It is interesting as showing the favor
in which this section is held by old miners
that one may find in Rossland very many
of '.he best and most experienced mining
men on the Pacific slope. Among them
we note a conspicuous example in George
K. Pfunder.

Mr. Pfunder engaged in mining in 1867,
thirty years ago, in Amador county, Cali-
fornia.'for the late U. S. Senator, Leiand
Stanford. He was with Mackay & Fair
in the celebrated Comstock mine, at
Virginia City, Nevada, and made one of
the half dozen fortunes he has had there.
He came to the Northwest in the employ
of the late Captain Ainsworth, to take
cliarj<e of the Blue Bell Mine, at .-Mns-
worlli, British Columbia, near Nelson.
He has been in all the most noted mining
camps from Mexico to the Canadian line,
and sin<"e liV, when he first oame to
British CoUimbln, he has been engaged
ill mining enterprises on both sides of
tlie international line, he has, however,
since i89,<;, made Ros.sland his bu.siness
headquarters and placf of residence.

It was but a natural sequence that Mr.
Pfunder's mining experience and ability
as a nuinagL-r of mining properties should
have brought him many favorable op-
portunities for investment in British
Columbia, and we accordingly find him

EDWARD C FINCH, ESQ.

In reviewing the success of Mr. Pfun-
der, we are reminded of a statement of
one of the American consuls, viz : The
German excels in perseverence, patience

under the most trying circumstances, in- ' brief sketch of one of Ro.ssland's now
dustry and economy. These virtues en- i most popular promoters lietter than by
able him to accompli.^h great results in j appending the personnel of the officers
almost any fields of science, industry, or | and '.irectors of The Silver Queen
enterprist" he mav choose to enter." It , Minini; Company. They are: Presi-
needharil V be added that Mr. Pfunder 1 dent, Hon. George E. Foster, M. P. and
is one ot the busiest men in the Trail | ex-Minister of Finance ; Vice-President,
Creek district, and that he is an authority ; C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., Esq., Engineer and
on mining processes and mining pro- ex-Mining Expert for the State of Wa.sh-
perties. ington; General Manager, Edward C.

Finch, Esq.; Secretary-Treasurer, Leo H.

Schmidt, Esq. Directors : Hon. Thomas
Mavne Dalv, Q. C, ex-Minister of the
Interior; Edwanl C. Finch, Mining Op-

erator; Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner;

i Hon. Geo. E. Foster, M. P., Ex-Minister
It is noteworthy as showing the interest ! of Finance; Win. F. Hay ward. Mine
which attaches to newly developing min- Owner; Joseph B. Dabney, President
ing camps, that the rich mineralized Keystone Gold Mining Company; C. C.
.section of which Rossland is tlie financial i Woodhouse, Jr , Mining Engineer; Leo
center has attracted to Rossland .so many I H Schmidt, Capitalist; R. W. Grigor,
gentlemen of the professio.ns and of the I Capitalist.

press. Edward C. Finch Jjelongs to the ! We may add that while Mr. Finch is
latter class. He was, before coming to i connected with a number of other Ro.ss-
British Columbia, in 1896, a citizen of the | land enterprises, in all of which he takes
state of Washington, where he was con- ! more or less an active part. The Silver
nected with the press for ten years. Queen is his chiefe.st pet, and engages

Mr. Finch is an Ohioan by birth. He 1 his most constant attention,
has, however, been many years on the '

Pacific coast, and during the thirteen

years he resided in Washington, ac-
quired an extensive acquaintance among
the leading men of that and adjoining
states, and attained consideralile promi-
nence in business and political circles. There is hardly anything more iiiteres-
During the legislative session of 1S95, in ting in the history of any town or city
Washington, Mr. Finch served as chief i than is found in the personal confidence
clerk of the House of Representatives, i and struggles of those whose enterprise
having been elected to that responsible ; and labors have contributed most to its
position by a unanimous vote of the re- : being and growth. .-Vinong the consid-'r-
publi . n and democratic ineinbers of the ' able number of prominent citizens who,
Houst. in tliis respect, share in the honors of the

It i,s, however, as a promoter of enter- founders of Rosslanil, none have done
pri.ses that we are to speak of Mr. Finch, more for, or are likely in the near future
It is interesting to note tliat he was a sue- to do more for the magic city than I) M.
cessful promoter of l)oth public and pri- j Linnard, Esq. Born in the state of
vate enterprises while a citizen of the , Pennsylvania, educated to busiiiessin New
state of Washington. In June, 1896, he ■ York, and early as-sociated with large en-
came to Rossland, where he found .so | terprises, Mr. I.innard was one of many
many of his former friends and business ! in the cast, wlm. seeing the uiiiiiistakal)le
associates that it was not like arriving | ivi leiices of proifress and development in
among strangers. The lionoral)l.? and British Columbia, came to the Province
p-omiiient part he had taken in enter- in 1891).

jiris;s on the other .side of the line was in j British Columbia was then the objective
Itself an introduction, and he was offered | point of many capitalists, and among

D. M. LINNARD, ESQ.

to handle some of
s about Rossland
After careful in-
properties, by the
>ining sufficiently
)nd financial cir-
let his stakes" in-
bonded the Silver
! finest properties
imp, Slocan Divts-
d, chartering The
Company, limited
at company a title

The Silver Queen
o.oo with 1350,000

mine is now de-
■n the Black Fox
een driven a dis-
et into the finest
icli has yet been
ict; and it is ex-
Queen will before
:ry profitable pro-

lonclude this too
if Rossland's now
rs better than by
lel of the officers

Silver Queen
riiey are : Presi-
foster, M. P. and
: ; Vice-President,
isq.. Engineer and
lie State of Wash-
»ger, Edward C.
Treasurer, Leo H.
rs : Hon. Thomas
x-Minister of the
inch. Mining Op-
/ell. Mine Owner;
P., Kx-Ministcr

Hayward, Mine
abney, President

Company; C. C.

ie; Engineer; I<eo

R. W. Grigor,

lile Mr. Finch is
of other Ross-
)f which he takes
part. The Silver
Jet, and engages
ion.

RD,ESQ.

ing more interes-
any town or ciiy
■sonal confidence
whose enterprise
uted most to its
nnii;' the consid'.'r-
nt citizens who,
the honors of the
none h.'ive done
1 the near future
: city than I) M.

in tlie state of
o business in New
ed with large en-
as one of nianj-
the unmistakable
il development in

to the Province

hen the objective
ists, and among

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

those whose purchased property and re-
mained in the Province, D. M. Linnard is
conspicuous for his unbounded recogni-
tion of its resources and confidence in the
future of its towns and cities. It is an
interesting fact in this connection, to
state that there has hardly been a time
since Mr. Linnard made his first purchase
of property in Vancouver, that he has not
had one or more buildings in process of
construction in some town or city of the
Province.

Mr. Linnard came to Rossland in May,
1895, and with the ken of a practical
observer foreseeing its immediate future
bought all the desirable property his funds
in hand would justify. The wisdom of his
selection is manifested in the fact that his
purchase embraced nineteen business lots
on Columbia avenue. It is significant,
too, that he declined to sell at a profit of
one hundred per cent, on his investment
within thirty days after his purchase, and
that he has since since sold some of the
property at six hundred per cent, profit to
friends who, with all candor, advised him
to sell at the first opportunity. It may,
too, be written, as a historical fact, that
Mr. Linnard was the first investor in
Rossland property whose action in hold-
ing it for a good speculative profit justifi-
ed his confidence in the future of the
place. Besides the first purchase of nine-
teen business lots, he bought an interest
in the original town company, and a con-
trolling interest in some valuable mining
properties, and has since been actively,
and prominently identified not only with
the community interests, but with the
great mining interests of this and adjoin-
ing districts as welt.

Mr. Linnard chartered no less than
seven mining companies, in all of which
he retained large holdings. They are the
Red Mountain View Gold Mining Com-
pany, limited; Mineral City Townsite Com-
pany, limited; The Rossland Syndicate,
limited; Carbonate Silver Mining Com-
pany, limited; Gopher Gold Mining Com-
pany, limited; The Rossland Homestake
Gold Mining Company, li..iited; and the
R. E. Lee Gold Mining Company, lim-
ited.

Mr. Linnard has been successful in in-
teresting British capitalists in British Col-
umbia mines. He spent two months in
London last winter, and, among other
deals, sold a one-third interest in the
Gopher Gold Mining Company, limited,
the Rossland Homestake Gold Mining
Company, limited, and the R. E. Leu
Gold >Iining Company, limited. We un-
derstand that negotiations are now pend-
ing to unite all the interests of these three 1
companies into a company to be char- !
tered in London, with a capital of 150,000 i
pounds sterling.

One of Mr. Linnard's most important 1
enterprises is The Rossland Syndicate, a ;
close corporation of which W. G. Johnson,
a retired English manufacturer, now resi- '
dent of Rossland, is president, and Mr.
Linnard, manager. The Syndicate has a
very liberal charter, and the scope of its ■
business is quite as comprehensive. It
loans money, buys, sells and improves '<
town and city property, bonds, develops
buys and sells mines, and organizes cor-
porate enterprises. The Syndicafi; owns
valuable eity property in Ros.sland and

Kaslo. Among improvements now being
made upon its property, it is building a
large hotel at Kaslo.

Conspicuous as he is as one of Rossland's
most trusted and energetic promoters of
large enterprises, Mr. Linnard is more
honored as one of its thoroughly respected
and esteemed citizens.

HON. JOHN A. MANLY.

of the early pioneers to the great
mineral belt of which Rossland and
Grand Forks are two of the principal
centers of trade and enterprise, Hon.
John A. Manly is one of the most widely
known and (listinguished. Bom in the
state of Ohio among the most enterpris-
ing people on the continent, and edu-
cated to the profession of a civil engi-
neer at Ann Arbor, Michigan, young
Manly received both by precept and edu-
cation such incentives to exertion and en-
terprise as seldom fail to manifest them-
selves in the career of their recipients.
At the age of twenty-one years, young
Manly had become prominent in his pro-
fession, and at twenty-two, he, as Civil
Engineer-in-Chief, built the Chicago &
West Michigan Railway. From railroad
building he engaged in the lumber busi-
ness and manufacturing in Michigan, and
subsequently organized a publishing com-
pany at Chicago, of which he was for a
number of years the president.

It is more especially, however, of Mr.
Manly's British Columbia life and enter-
prises that we designed to speak. At the
beginning of this we are reminded of an
oft' repeated statement of his, viz: "No
good country can be so remote and inac-
cessible from civilization that it can for a
long time remain so in this age of enter-
prise." We are inclined to the opinion
that the education, observation and ex-
perience which gave that thought to John
A. Manly prompted him also to look for
such an unoccupied country, and looking
to the Northwest, he saw it in his mind's
eye in British Columbia. His coming
over rough and seldom used trails to the
Kettle River and Kootenay country
eleven years ago was the natural sequence
of a thought over which the reader of
these lines will do well to ponder. The
writer having had the pleasure of meet-
ing Mr. Menly at intervals of a few years
during the last decade, remembers well
how, at one of California's palatial hotels,
Mr. Manly tried to impress his fellow
guests with the great future in store for
this section. He remembers, too, that
while all admired the colored photo-
graphs of Mr. Manly's Kettle River
ranch and his beautiful Holstein cattle,
that they gave an unwilling ear to Mr.
Manly's statements of the great mineral
resources of this section. All can now
see that had he been absolutely sure of
his predictions, Mr. Manly could hardly
have laid his plans more wisely.

The first neces-sity of all enterprises is
food ; to provide that for the coming rush
of prospectors, miners and others whom
he saw in the distance, Mr. Manly began
ten years ago to stock his 4,000 acre ranch

with cattle. The result was that when
the rush finally came it found him pre-
pared ti feed it, and he did furnish much
of the beef that was eaten in the district
for three years from his own ranch. But
he had builded even better than he knew ;
for having selected his Kettle river prop-
erty solely with reference to its desira-
bility as a farm and ranch, he has been
greatly suprised to find upon it and in the
mountains surrounding it, some of the
richest mineral veins in British Columbia.
The result has been that a new mining
section has sprun'j into existence and the
town of Grand Porks has sprung up on
his Kettle river ranch, which, at less than
twelve months of age, numbers 1,000
souls. Naturally and very fortunately for
the town, Mr. Manly was made the first
Mayor of Grand Forks. We say fortu-
nately for the town, for we chance to know
that his study and close observation of
municipal affairs have given Mayor Manly
advanced ideas on the duties and prerog-
atives of public officials, as well as of the
people's rights to public utilities. We
feel safe in venturing the assertion that
free franchise hunters will find little op-
portunity to fatten on any town where
John A. Manly has a voice in its munici-
pal affairs.

Mayor Manly has not, however, con-
fined his enterprises to the Kettle River
country. He built and still owns the
International Hotel at Ros.sland, and is
the owner of much other valuable prop-
erty here. He has mining property ga-
lore, and is a recognized prophet of pros-
perity. Perhaps, after all, the most in-
teresting and satisfying thing we can say
of Mayor Manly is that, being a man of
wide experience, observation and infor-
mation, his fortune has not made a fool
of him, and that he is as approachable
as the humblest ranch hand or other em-
ployee in any of his varied and many en-
terprises.

C C WOODHOUSE, Jr.

There is no calling or profession in life
wherein a reliable man is needed more
than in the profession of mining engi-
neer. Upon his judgment and integrity
large investments of capital are made
and great undertakings begun. He may
be a theoretical man without practical ex-
perience; in that case he will fail to ac-
complish good work, on account of the
blunders he will make owing to his lack
of experience. He may be a practical
man with little theoretical knowledge;
in this case he works to a disadvantage,
by not understanding the fundamental
principles of the profession. Therefore,
in order to attain the highest degree of
accomplishment in the profession of min-
ing engineering the subject must begin
young in school, and get a good ed-
ucation; then, upon this ■;eneral knowl-
edge for a foundation, he must take
up the special branches of sciehce which
will especially qualify him for the
profession, namely: a.ssaying, chemis-
try, mineralogy, geology, surveying,
mechanics and bookkeeping. This be-
ing accomplished at tne age of, say
twenty-one, he is now ready to begin

ROSSLAND AND TliE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

gaining practical experience, and of the
latter he wants plenty. Ten years more
practical work in the assay office, smelt-
ers, mills, mines and field will suffice to
endow him with sufficient knowledge
and experience to be rated as a good niin-.
ing engineer. He can continue to study,
practice and improve by experience, un-
til his sun of life approaches the western
horizon, when younger men willingly
shoulder his burdens. There must ever
be present the qualification of honesty in
the mining engineer ; one who would
inisrepre.<;ent facts or sell out is like unto
the pilot who will ruthlessly lead the
ship on the shoals for the sake of plun-
der.

C. C. Woodhousp Jr., mining engi-
neer, at Rossland, has been over the
road outlined in the al)ove remarks. He,
with Fred M. Wells, an explorer of some
repute, is working out a five years' min-
ing partnership contract, with Mr. H. R.
Forster, a wealthy Canadian gentleman.
Together they constitute The Kamloops
Mining and Dsvelopment Company, lim-
ited liability, of Rossland. After two
years' work, the Company is able to pay
500 per cent, on the original capital in-
vested.

Mr. Woodhouse's father was one of the
pioneer mining camp merchants in the
western United States, and young Wood-
liouse was born and reared in a mining
country. He was educated for his pro-
fession at Knox College, Illinois. Since
leaving school, he has seen over fifteen
practical years' service in the mines,
mills, smelters, field and assay offices in
the western United States and two years'
in British Columbia. He conducts a first-
class mining and assay office in Ross-
land, with a good office staff, and re-
ports on properties throughout British
Columbia. His reports are conservative
and reliable, and large sums of money
have b:;en invested upon them. His past
record is his future recommendation to
the public.

of them are in the Kootenays, among
which are some fine properties.

The Company's Canadian office is lo-
cated a^ Rossland, in its own building,
which is one of the best on First avenue.
The office is tastefully fitted, with many
of the modern conveniences, and is one
of the neatest and roomiest in Rossland.
This office and the Canadian business are
in charge of W. H. Corbould, as general
manager and A. B. Irwin, as local secre-
tary. Both are too well known in British
Columbia mining circles to need intro-
duction or encomium, but it may be ad-
ded that Mr. Corlrauld is a London, Eng-
land, man, v/hose experiences as a mining
engineer and manager of mining proper-
ties have been many and valuable. Mr
IrWin is an American, who, having been
one of the pioneers of the Trail Creek
district, is one among the best informed
men in the district on Kootenay proper-
ties.

THE CANADIAN PACIFIC
EXPLORATION, Limited.

There is hartlly better evidence of the
esteem iu which British Columbia mining
properties are held in England by conser-
vative investors, than may be found in
the personnel of The Canadian Pacific Ex-
ploration, Limited. The governing board
IS composed of Lord Powerscourt, chair-
man ; .\ Joshua, E<q., London ; Dr. J. H.
Trouucir, London ; T. Kdwanles, Esq.,
London ; H. McLean, M. P. for Cardiff;
(». H. Haywood, Esq., London; B. Rev,
Es<|., Paris, Fiance, and H. B. Cheslyn
Callow, Secretary.

The head office of The Canadian Pacific
Exploration, Liniite<l, is at K8 Cannon
street. Lorjdon, Eng. The company was
chartered in London, with acapitalof five
hundred thousand pounds, for the pur-
poses 6f exploration, location, purchase,
sale, development and working of niining
properties in Canada. Of something more
than twenty properties, now owned or
under the control of the company, most

ALEXANDER LYNCH.

Aside and apart from the -actual and
increa.sing output of the mines of the
Trail Creek district, and especially of
those immediately adjacent to Rossland,
there could hardly be a better promise of
the continued prosperity of the district
and the future of Rossland than is found
in the fact that so great a number of old
; and experienced mining men are engaged
: in mining and in business in the district.
] Among those in business in Rossland,
i few, if indeed any, have had more ex-
tended experience and observation in,
: and of the many mining sections of the
I West than Alex. Lynch. Abbreviated
names are the rule among mining men,
hence, although having headed this
article with Mr. Lynch's full name his
I many old-time friends will better recog-
nize him as Alex. Lynch.

Mr. Lynch was born in Montreal, and
left that Province for the gold (ields of
California in 1855. He has since spent
more than forty years among miningmen
; and in mining camps. He was one of the
, six discoverer? of the celebrated Stunkeen
I mines, in 1862 ; he was in the Boise basin
I in 1863 ; he was at Wild Horse Creek in
! 1864 ; and in 1866 with the rush to the
Big Bend of the Columbia river. He
; went to Eureka, Nevada, in 187 1 and was
] there in the palmiest days of that phe-
nomenal camp. He returned to the north
as far as Baker City, Oregon, in 1875, and
becoming interested there, secured some
valuable mining property, a part of which
he still retains. His next venture was at
Silver City Idaho, in 1878.

The railway building boom, then at its
; zenith, needed experienced men as fore-
men and contractors. Many men were
' attracted from the mining camps, and
Mr. I^ynch was among the number. He
secured valuable contracts from both the
Union Pacific and the Northern Pacific
railway companies, and establishing his
head(|uarters at Spokane, in 1880, became
a railway builder, and made that city his
home until he came to the Trail Creek
district, 1893, anil established a general
I store at Trail.

It is worthy of note that Mr. Lynch
furnished the supplies to the townsite
company for its surveyors and for the
erection of the Clifton" Hotel, and that
the firm of Lynch & Stewart opened the
second or third store of Rossland in that
part of the Clifton House now occupied
by the dining room.

Mr. Lynch is at present, and has been
since 1895, associated with Thomas Wilson
in the general merchandise business,
under the finn name of Thos. Wilson &
Co., Mr. Lynch having the management
of the business. Of the many personal
interests and individuals that contributed
to making a city of Rossland, tliere seem
to have been few conflicting ones, and it
is alike creditable to all of the old pio-
neers that they, all and each, have a good
word to say of each other. We may,
however, without reflection on any one,
say that none among them all stand
higher in the esteem of their old time
friends and of the public than this old
pioneer miner, railway contractor and
merchant, Alex. Lynch.

P. BURNS.

It may be safely stated that there is
not another name in the mining sections
of British Columbia that is so frequently
mentioned as that of P. Burns, the cattle,
king of the Kootenays. The reason is
found in the fact that Mr. Burns feeds the
people. It is also asserted with every ap-
pearance of truth, that the miners of
British Columbia are, as a class, the best
fed laborers in the world. One of the
prime reasons may be found in the fact
of there being such a splendid stock
country in British Columbia and Alberta,
and the facility with which, under a sin-
gle management, the best beeves, .mut-
ton and hogs are furnished to the butch-
ers.

It is cause for hardly less surprise at
the fact than recognition of his execu-
tive abilities, that Mr. Burns furnishes
fresh beef, mutton antl pork at wholesale
to all the retail butchers in Rossland,
Trail, Nelson, Ainsworth, Quartz Creek,
Salmo, Three Forks, New Denver, Silver-
ton, Ymir and Slocan City. Me brings
butchering stock largely direct from his
own ranch, near Calgary, Alberta to his
slaughterhouses. To do so, he is neoe.s-
sarily continually buying. In many in-
stances he buys a ranch and bran<l out-
right.

Patrick Burns was lx)rn in Kirkfield,
Ontario. His business career in British
Columbia, while having been so largely
in fnrnishing supplies to the niining
towns and camps of the Kootenays, is no
less marked by his having bought prop-
erty in all the to'-.ns named, and his hav-
ing erected buiMings in most of them.
i Among those owned by him in Rossland,
I is the Burns block, which he built in 1896,
I anil is one of the finest blocks in the
I city.

I Mr. Burns' large and successful business
' is one of the many evidences in Rossland
I that gold may be legitimately gathered

t Mr. Lynch
the townsite
and for the
el, and that
t opened the
land in that
ow occupieil

lid has been
lomasWilson
% business,
>s. Wilson &
management
any personal
t contributed
I, there seem

ones, and it
the old pio-
1, have a good
r. We may,

on any one,
em all stand
heir old time
han this old
mtractor and

that there is
ning sections
so frequently
■ns, the cattle-
["he reason is
urns feeds the
vith every ap-
le miners of
:la8S, the best
One of the
1 in the fact
ilendid stock
and Alberta,
, under a sin-
beeves, iiuit-
to the butch-

ss surprise at
of his execu-
rns furnishes
at wholesale
in Rossland,
Juart/. Creek,
nver, Silver-
He brings
rect from his
Ib^rta, to his
lie is iieoes-
In many in-
d brand out-

in Kirkfield,
er in British
Ml so largely

the mining
otenays, is no
bought prop-

and his hav-
lost of them.

in Rossland,
; built in 1896,
ilocks in the

!ssful business
s ill Rossland
tely gath?re<l

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

here by many who do not dig for it. We
may add, however, that Mr. Bums is,
like almost all business men in a mining
section, to some extent interested in min-
ing properties; but that such holdings are
more or less incidental to his more im-
portant business enterprises.

Mr. Burns first came to the Kootenays
in 1892. His first business venture was
at Nelson in that year. By 1895, his
trade had extended to the Trail Creek
district, and he established a branch at
Rossland. His trade has since, as before
stated, extended to every camp in the
Kootenays.

P. Burns is still in the very prime of a
young, vigorous manhood. If we may
judge rightly from his genial, happy
smile and manner, his numerous business
cares sit very lightly upon him. He has
beyond question served himself while
serving the people ; but it is the univer-
sal expression that he has served the peo-
ple well, and no man in the Kootenays
stands higher for integrity ol purpose and
character than Patrick Burns.

state of Wa.sliingtoii, and for occupation
has turned his band to whatever it found
to do, having lieen a fanner, in business,
a railway train hand, a prospector and a
miner. While making no pretense of be-
ing an expert, it may be said of Mr. Cole
tliat he is one of Rosslaiid's practical
mining men who have succeeded without
expert knowledge. It may be added,
also, that he stands deservedly well in
mining and business circles.

JOHN Y.COLE.

The noteworthy individual successes
in the Trail Creek district seem, in many
instances, to have been due quite as much
to personal tact and ability as to excep-
tional opportunities. As an instance in
point we cite Mr. John Y. Cole, a young
man, who, coining to British Columbia in
1892 as an employee of the S. F. & N. Ry
Co., and without previous experience in
a mining camp, left that company to en-
gage in prospecting and mining. His
first work in the camp was employment
as a hand in the I. X. h. mine, and so
rapid was his advancement that he was
within two month!, after h.'ginitig work
given entire charge as foreman of the
mine.

But if Mr. Cole was tactful and com-
petent, he was also fortunate, for within
a month after his arrival in the camp, he,
on one of his limited prospecting trips,
located the now celebrated O. K. mine.
After incorporating a company tor the ().
K. property, he sold out his entire inter-
est in the property, in 1895. Mr. Cole
was fortunate also in his purchase of the
property known as the White Bear Mine,
of which he is the general manager an<l
principal owner.

The White Hear Mine adjoins the I,e
Roi, and is one of Ro.s.sland's most valua-
ble properties. Its machinery equipMient
is among the best in the district, and its
ore exceptionally good. The develop-
ment work done includes a lyo-foot ver-
tical shaft and a drift of 1,^0 feet on the
100-foot level. The principal vein is from
ten to twelve feet across, and runs JtiS.oo
to the ton in gold and two to three per
cent, in copper. The White Bear Com-
pany has an incorporated, paid-up capital
of J2,ooo,ooo.oo, with ^500,000.00 in the
treasury.

John Y. Cole was born in Oneida
county. New York, but has been ir.my
years in the West. He was educated in
tiie public .schools of the Dakotas and the

LOUIS BLUE.

Lumbtt Producer and Dealer.

Louis Blue is one ol Rossland's most
prominent and enterprising business men.
He was one of the early comers to the
camp, an<l has been, perhaps, more
closely identified with the building of
Rossland than any other one man — the
founder of the town not excepted. He
built his saw mill, which is situated at
the foot of the north slope of Red Moun-
tain, on Stony Creek, before the townsite
of Rossland was platted, and was, until
' comparatively recently, the only lumber
dealer in the Trail Creek district.

Besides his saw mill and lumber yards
on Stony Creek, Mr. Blue is the owner of
sawmill.s at Ytuir and at Greenwood City,
i Boundary Creek. He is a producer of
' native lumber, in larger quantities than
i any other man in the Trail Creek dis-
trict. He can, therefore, successfully
' meet all competitors, both as to quality
I and as to prices. He supplies the bulk
of lumber consumed in the Trail Creek,
' Ymir and Boundary districts, anil ships,
besides, to other districts throughout the
! Kootenay country. His mill at Stony
I Creek, being less than two miles from
' the Red Mountain Rv. tracks, at Ros.s-
land, and his mill and yards at Ymir be-
ing practically on the railroad, he pos-
.sesses superior advantages for receiving
and forwarding.

Mr. Blue recently built and equipped,
near his sawmill, on Stony Creek, Ross-
land's first steam laundry, known :is the
Queen Steam Laundry. The 'aundry
business is owned and condiicte<l by the
(inn of Blue & Hirsh. This is an enter-
prise of which Rossland has long felt tlie
need, and the ready response to the
.solicitation of the management for pat-
ronage is at once an evidence of the ap-
preciation of Rosslanders for a thorough-
ly modern laundry, anil an assurance of
the success of the enterprise.

.\iiotlier of Rossland's new industries,
in which Mr. Blue is largely concerned,
is the Lion Brewery, which has just been
completed and put into operation. Mr.
Blue is president of the Lion Brewing
Company, and the iiest fortune we can
wish this great concern is that it may
enjoy the same unbroken success that
lias atteiuled the many other enterprises
with which his name is so prominently
connected.

Louis Blue was born a countryman of

the patriot Kossuth ; but, while yet a

; boy, was brought by his parents from

■ Hungary to the riiitJd States. He grew

to manhood in the state of New York,
and engaged in merchandising in the
great metropolis. Kleven years ago he
came west, and made his home in Spo-
kane, Washington. Three years later he
founded the town of Kettle Falls, one of
the prosperous little towns of northeast-
ern Washington, situated at the con-
Huence of the Colville and the Columbia.
He was one of the first alderman of
Kettle Falls, and a portion of the town is
now known, in honor to its founder, as
Blue Town.

Mr. Blue has been eight years in the
lumber busines.-i. Like nearly all of
our prominent citizens, he is interested to
some extent in mining and other enter-
prises, but only as matters of secondary
co.isideration. He prefers to be known,
as he is called throughout tlie Kootenays,
"Blue, the lumber man."

CHARLES. O. LALONDE

Among the prominent merchants who
have purclia.sed real estate in Rossland,
none have taken a more active part in
promoting the growth of the town and in
the interests ol .schools and public util-
ities than Charles O. Lalonde, the im-
porter and <lealer in boots, shoes, trunks,
rubber goods, etc.

Mr. Lalonde came to Rossland in 1895,
and established the pioneer Ixxit aiul
shoe store of the place. Boots and shoes
were then sold by all general merchants,
hence, in spite of Mr. Lalonde's very
complete stock, he found at first slow sale
for his goods. This fact, added to his
faith in the future of Rossland, led him to
purchase business property and engage in
building, the result of which has been
ino.st gratifying. One of the largest and
finest business blocks in the city is known
as the Lalonde & Rodier Block.

Mr. Lalonde's outsi<le ventures did not
however, take his attention entirely from
merchandising, and it is gratifyviig to note
that liis boot and shoe i)usiness, having
constantly increased wi;h the business of
the town and the increase of population,
is now the one of the largest of the kind
in this part of British Columbia.

Charles O. Lalomle was born in Vaud-
reuii. Province of Qiubec, Canada. He
left his native Province in 1875, and set-
tling at Port Arthur, Ontario, became a
clerk in a mercantile house, from which
position he engaged in business for him-
self. He became a leading citizen as well
as prominent merchant of Port Arthur,
and besides holding other positions of
trust, was three times a member of the
Port Arthur City Council.

There are many former residents of
Port Arthur in Ros.sland. It was but nat-
ural they should have favored Mr. La-
londe for office in the municipal govern-
ment in Ro.ssland. Their wislies, together
with the earnest, solicitation of many
other friends, leil Mr. Lalonde to accej)!
a place on the city .school lx>ard, a posi-
tion for which he is especially well quali-
fied, end to allow his name to be rut
forward as a candidate for the position of
Rossland's first mayor.

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CSSEXi DISTRICT

It is, we think, penniMible to say that
the high personal esteem in which Mr.
Lalonde is held by so many of the best
people of Rossland ought to be ample
compensation for his defeat for the may-
oralty. We may add that Mr. Lalonde's
business and property interests are such
in Rossland that he could hardly feel less
desirous ot seeing a wise municipal gov-
ernment of the city and its permanent
prosperity, in his private capacity as a
property owner and citizen, than he
could have desired as mayor.

WM, McQueen, b. a.

City Clerk and Treasurer of Rovland.

Wni. McQueen, Rossland's first City
Clerk, was a farmer's boy, and was torn
in the county of Huron, Province of On-
tario, in 1862. Inheriting a taste for
study, common to his Scotch ancestry,
the farmer boy became a school teacher
at the age of eighteen, and later com-
pleted his education at the University of
Toronto, at Toronto, Ontari' After fin-
ishing his university course, young Mc-
Queen again took up his work as teacher,
which he followed as a profession up to
the time of his resigning his position in
the Park Hill, Ontario, High School, with
a view of coming to Rossland, B. C.

Mr. McQueen arrived in Rossland in
February of the present year, and al-
though a comparative stranger, was hon-
ored by the appointment to his present
position of trust and responsibility,
.scarcely three months following the date
of his arrival.

THE QUEEN RESTAURANT.

George W. Myers, Proprietor.

It has been our purpo.se in preparing
the business sketches for the First His-
tory of Rossland to give those which are
representative in their lines. In the sub-
ject of ihis sketch, the public will recog-
nize a leader.

"The Queen" was established in July,
1896, and was purchased by Mr. G. W.
Myers, the present owner, in September,
1896. It may truthfully be said that it is
the peer of any restaurant in Rossland.
The culinary department is presided over
by a skilled chef, and the tables are
bountifully supplied with the best the
market affords of everything. A spec-
ialty is made of short orders, and in this
line "The Queen" stands alone in its ex-
cellence. "The Queen" is furnished to
seat twenty people at one sitting. There
are private booths for those desiring
them, and the service is all that can be
desired.

G.W. Myers, proprietor of "The Queen, ' '
was born in Maryland. He has, however,
been on the Pacific coast for a number of
years, and was, immediately before com-
ing to Rossland, a successful merchant at
Kvcrett, Washington.

By the character of the patrons he at-
tracts, no less than by his success in con-
ducting "The Queen," Mr. Myers has
shown himself well qualified as a caterer
to the public palate, and, as well, a relia-
ble and successful business man. The
reader can make no mistake in patroniz-
ing "The Queen," especially for short
orders.

THE CENTRAL HOTEL.

Jackson & Almttrom, Proprietors.

It is an interesting fact that Rossland's
best buildings have been built and are
owned by former prospectors and miners.
Among the hotel business this is conspic-
uously so, the last prominent instance
being in the building and furnishing of
the Central Hotel, completed in May, and
now just opened to the public.

The Central is not one of Rossland's
largest hotels, but it is a little gem with
40 guest rooms and all modern improve-
ments, including furnace heating, electric
lights, electric call and return call bells,
baths, rooms single and en-suite, and
every comfort and convenience of the
modern first-class hotel. The furniture
is all new, the parlor, dining room, office
and many of the guest rooms command
one of the most attractive views in the
city.

The Central is a fine, modern three-
story structure, with a wide veranda, ex-
tending completely around two sides of
the building. The location, only one
block from the business portion of the
city, but far enough to avoid the noise, is
all that could tie desired, and, as the
building fronts on two streets, practically
all the guests rooms are outside rooms.
The offices, writing room, dining room
and bar are all on the ground floor. The
parlors are on the second floor, and, like
the forty guest rooms, are all that could
be desired in size, sunlight, ventilation
and furnishings. 1 he house has scientific
sanitary plumbing throughout, and con-
veniently located baths with hot and cold
water. In short, the Central Hotel is
strictly first-class. It is conducted on
both 'he American and European plans,
and guests are provided with every con-
venience and luxury obtainable in any
mining town in British Columbia or else-
where.

The Central was built, and is owned
and conducted by August Jackson and J.
E. Almstrom. Mr. Jackson is an old
prospector and miner, who, coming to
Trail Creek in 1891, engaged in prospect-
ing and mining, and was here at the lay-
ing out of the town in 1894. He is well-
known in mining and business circles,
and has contributed in no small degree
to the building of Rossland. Mr. Alm-
strom, who came more recently to Ross-
land, from St. Paul, Minn., isan old hotel
man, and, as such, is very well known to
the traveli g public.

Messrs. Jackson and Almstrom built
and own the Central Hotel in co-partner-
ship, and will conduct it in like manner.
i Their bus meets all arriving and depart-
I ing trains, and every courtesy and atten-

tion will bs shown to guests in the care
of their baggage and in every other posi-
sible manner.

INTERNATIONAL HOTEL

"Whoe'er haa traveled life's dnll round.
Where'er hi* atages may have bf en,

May sigh to think he atill haa Tound
The warmeat welcome at an inn."

The International Hotel is only less
celebrated thin Rossland. The latter is
known throi it the commercial world
as the cente one of the most richly-
mineralized . ions on the continent of
North Amei- . , the latter is known to all
visitors to the magic city of Rossland,
and is famed abroad for its good cheer
and hospitality.

The International is a two-story struc-
ture of sixty guest rooms, with modern
improvements, wide halls, the largest
public reception room in the city, well-
stocked bar and attractive billiard room,
and, connected with them, a large and
well-appointed concert room for the free
use and entertainment of "uests.

To be known and fully appreciated the
International must be eiijuyed. A dis-
tinguished "globe-trotter," in speaking
of the International, said: "I can find a
hotel having more pretensions and capac-
ity in almost every city on the continent;
but there is only one" like this, and lor
good cheer and entertainment there is
not another on the continent to compare
with the International Hotel at Ros.s-
land."

The International was built in 1895 by
Hon. John A. Manly, a personal sketch
of whom will be found on another page.

It is almost needless to add that the
International is easily one of the most
popular hotels and resorts in Rossland.
Free concerts and theatricals are given
every evening, and the best of everything
in the way of refreshments is served by
polite and attentive waiters.

ROSSLAND'S ELECTRIC
PLANT.

The electric plant of the Rossland Water
& Light Company, limited, con.sists of the
following:

A large, heavy frame building, 337 100
feet, with sheet iron roof, covers tUo en-
tire plant. A battery of three boilers, 80
horse-power each, with a large duplex
Wortliington steam pump and feed- water
heater occupies the first forty feet from
the east end of the building, which is
partitioned off from the dynamo and en-
gine room. The steam pump is used
only in case of trouble with the water
mains, the water and light company being
one corporation.

At the power-house there is an hy-
draulic pressure of 200 pounds to the
square inch on a: ' pipes. Fire hy<lrants
are arranged at various points in the
building, and nearly every one of the
employees are familiar and thoroughly
versed and drilled in the munipulatiou uf

I 'i

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

is an hy-
ids to the
hyUrants
ints' ill the
iiie of the
thoroughly
pulalioii of

hose and other fire apparatus. They are
prepared to answer the call of their chief
at any moment of the day or night, thus
forming, under the excessive pressure
and system, one of the most efficient f..e
brigades ever organized. Another unique
feature that is worthy of note, in connec-
tion with the plant.is a 24 inch Pelton water
motor, substantially built to operate un-
der the almve pressure. This motor is
belted to the main counter-shaft, and
psiists the engine during heavy lo&J.
This is of considera'ble value ancl impor-
tance, as 50 HP. is obtained from this
little wheel, working under the given
head.

The engines are u beautiful pair of Cor-
liss engines, with one main crank shaft
and a fifteen foot driving wheel hung be-
tween them. They were built by the
Edward P. AUis Co., of Milwaukee, who
have won the enviable reputation of being
one of the best (if not the best) machinery
builders in the States. A 26 inch double
leather belt, of the celebrated "Crown"
brand, of Robin, Saddle & Haworth,
Montreal, transmits the power generated
by these engines to the main counter-
shaft, which runs the full width of the
building, and to which are belted the
four Edison dynamos. Two of these
<lynamos are of 750 light capacity each,
and the other two are of 750 lights for the
pair.

The machines are connected upon the
"three wire" system, and the arrange-
ment of switches on the switch-board is
such that the smaller machines can be
thrown in together in multiple, either on
the positive or negative side, thus taking
the place of either of the large machines
in ca.se of a burn out; or they can be
switched in on the bus bars, one on each
side of the system. Thermostats are
placed on all the principal bearings and
connected with an annunciator in the
chiefs hou.se, which is close to the plant.
As soon as any of the bearings rise to a
given temperature, the alarm is given,
aii<l the bearing getting hot is registered
on the annunciator.

The above plant is only intended as a
temporary one, as the company have in
view a long distance transmission scheme
for purpose of giving light and power to
the West Kootenay district. Nevertheless
the present plant, in equipment and de-
sign, is worthy of a better fate than con-
signment to the bone yard when its rival
the transmission plant, takes posseasion
of the field.

J. R. MILLER.

J. R. Miller, the pioneer commercial
traveler to the Kooteiiays, is .spending a
month at the Allan House, and besides
holding the key to one of the hotel's
largest sample rooms, is looking over his
real estate interests.

Mr. Miller first came to the Kootenays
with his samples, in 1888. He represents
a half dozen manufactures, more or le.ss,
and travels from Montreal. He makes
two trips each year tc all the cities, towns
and mining camps of the Kootenays, and

extends his trips to Vancouver and Vic-
! toria.

I J. R. Miller was Ijoni in the Province
, of Ontario, and now claims a residence at
' Winnipeg, Manitoba, but he is so widely
and well known he might claim a citizen-
ship in other Provinces, and especially in
British Columbia.

I Commercial travelers, as a rule, are not
investors, but Mr. Miller is an exception,
! for besides owning a valuable mining
, claim, he has made large investments in
' town and city property 111 British Colum-
bia. He owns a few lots at Nelson, at
Sandon, at Kaslo, at Trail, and in owning
thirty-five lots here, is said to be the
owner of more real estate in this city than
any other one man \n Rossland. This
fact is no less a conviiment to Rossland
than an evidence of .Mr. Miller's clear ken
into the future of the town at a time when
there were many doubting Thoma.set,.
We need not forbear to add that Mr.
Miller might find it to his interest to be-
come a Rosslander in fact, as he evidently
is in faith. He has many warm friends
here, and would be welcomed by our
merchants, especially if he kept up his
line of samples and continued to wear his
usual genial smile.

ROBBINS & LONG.

Anayen and Chemists.

It may be doubted if there is another
a.ssaying firm in the whole of the world-
famous Kootenay country the individual
members of which enjoy a better reputa-
tion for their .scientific attainments and
valuable experience than those of the
firm of Robbins & Long.

Chas. P. Robbins was bom in the state
of Idaho, and spent his early life in the
mining sections of his native state. He
was for a number of years connected with
the Eureka Consolidated Mining Com-
pany, at Eureka, Nevada, and was, prior
to coining to Rossland three years ago,
located in the C(Eur d'Alenes' of Idaho.
His reputation had preceded him to
British Kootenay, and on arriving in
Rossland, met with immediate recogni-
tion. Up to a year ago he was well
known as assayer for the celebrated War
Eagle mine, and since as a member of
one of Rossland's leading assaying firms.

Leo H. Long is a native of the state of
Utah. He has been among the mines
since his childhood, and like his business
as.sociate, Mr. Robbins, came to Ros.slaiid
from the Coeur d'Alenes. He arrived in
this district two years ago, and was also
connected with the War Eagle mine up
to the time he became a member of the
firm of Robbins & Long. His experience
in the mining districts of Utah, Montana,
Idaho and Briti.sh Columbia has b<?en ex-
tensive, and like Mr. Robbins, he may be
said to be a graduate of the school of
practical experience.

The firm's office and laboratorv are eligi-
bly located on the south side of Columbia
avenue, four doors west of Spokane street.
The laboratory and furnace room are
modern in equipment, and the facilities

I are unexcelled in the Trail Creek district.

Messrs. Robbins & Long devote their

whole time and personal attention to

1 their business, and one or l)oth members

: of the firm may always be found at the

' office during business hours.

I The firm has a large clientage among

j mine owners and brokers, as well as with

I prospectors and the general mining

I public. Ore is received for assay from

I all over British Columbia, and all reports

on ores are guaranteed to be correct.

This finn still does as.saving for the War

Eagle mine and for various others which

I are no less well known.

It is permissable t say in conclusion
I that Messrs. Robbins and Long are pleas-
I ant gentleman, and that their pronii-
{ nencc as a firm is second only to the high
I personal regard in which they arc lielil
[ by their many friends and patrons.

N. P. SASH AND DOOR
FACTORY.

Scott & Pluc, PtOfS.

Tlie N. P. .Sash & Door Factory is one
of Ros.sland's new enterprises, having
been built in April and May of the pres-
ent year, and put into operation aliout
June ist. The mill is equipped through-
out with the best wood working mach-
inery money can buy, and the work
turned out is the best that can be done by
master mechanics with the best modern
equipped plant.

This is a custom mill, and a general
planing mill business is done. The scope
of work is too broad to admit of going
into details in the space accorded to this
sketch, but we may name as specialties
the manutacture of sash, doors, blinds,
mouldings, turnings, brackets, screen
doors, windows, etc. A specialty is also
made of fret work and grill work, Imnk
office and saloon fixtures, etc.

The facilities of this planing mill are
unexcelled in the Trail Creek district. II
has a capacity for about twenty-five work-
men, and none but skilled mechanics are
employed. Messrs. Scott & Plue are
master mechanics, and have personal su-
perintendence of the mill. They will be
glad to submit designs and estimates on
application for work in their line, and
the acceptance of a contract by the'-i
may be taken as a guarantee of satisfa.--
tion.

It is a fact worthy of note that this mill
in no sense enters the field as a competi-
tor with its patrons. The management
confines its work almost wholly to manu-
facturing, and many of its best patrons
are contractors and architects.

The N. P. Sash & Door Factory is lo-
cated at the corner of Second avenue and
Davis street. Being on the Red Moun-
tain tracks, it possesses exceptional facil-
ities for receiving and forwarding — quite
an item, when it is realized that Messrs.
Scott & Plue ship their product all over
the Kootenay country. They buy alto-
gether from local mills, and solicit home
pationage.

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

John Scott {» a native of Oregon, and '
W. I). Plue of the "Rmpire" state. Mr. i
Scott has h^eii in the saw mill businesii
all his life, and came to Koswland from •
liiH native xt^te. Mr. I'hie was formerly
H contractor and builder of Portland, Or-
egon.

THE ROSSLAND.

"Jetty" SpcUman, Proprietor.

The Kosstand dates from 1894, and was
the second hotel built in the then strug-
KlinK village of Rossland. The house has
always bzen only less popular than "Jerry"
Spellman, it's otvner and manager, and as '
such has from pioneer days been the ■
favorite resort and common meeting
place for "old-timers."

The bar of the Rossland is supplied :
with the line.st wines, whiskies, ale.s, por-
ters, beers and other liquor that money
can buy, and its stock of imported cigars
is second to no other in the city. Many
a mining deal has here been propo.>.ed and
closed, with an accompaniment of Hot
Scotch, Canadian Club and Havana cigars.
Such places of popular resort serve to
relax tense nerves and o'erwrought brain, j
and it may be doubted if they do not play
as important a part in the development
of the great natural resources of the
Northwest as other concomitants of a live
minin{^ town to which nmch more impor-
tance IS commonly attached.

J. C. Spellman, proprietor of The Ross-
land, having first seen the light in the
"Wooden Nutmeg" state of New Eng-
land, was by birth a Yankee, but by 1
adoption and by twenty years residence
in the mountains and on the Pacific slope [
he has become a typical western man, with {
all the geniality and bon homie that com- j
prehen^ve teriii implies. Mr. Spellman
was formerly in business for some years
in Spokane, and more recently at Bound-
ary City. He came from the latter place
to Rossland in 1894. He has still impor-
tant mining interests at Cedar Creek,
near Boundary City, and, besides being
interested in some of Rossland's develop-
ed mines, is the owner of some valuable
prospects. Mr. Spellman is exceptionally
well ac(juainted with the mines l)eing
worked m the district, and, as well, with
prospects awaiting development ; and we
may add there is no citizen of Rossland
to whom a stranger may go for informa-
tion with a greater certainty of getting an
impartial statement of facts respecting the
mines and prospects of this great mineral •
ized belt, than to J. C. Spellman.

MUTUAL COLLECTION CO.

Harrry E. Lippmatm^ Secretary and Manager

Very few of Ros.sIand's young business
men are better known, and none more
favorably so than Harry E. Lippmann,
secretary and manager of the Mutual
Collection Company. Mr. Lippmann is
a native of Brooklyn, N. Y. He has been

seven years in th3 mountains, five of them
having been spent at Butte, Montana,
where he was connected with the Mutual
Collection Company of Montana.

He has been nearly two years in Ross-
land, and since February of last year lias
held a position of trust with Hunter
Brothers, one of Rossland's largest mer-
cantile firms.

Mr. I.ippmann has (luite recently or-
ganized the Mutual Collection Company
of Rossland, as a branch of the Mutual
Collection Company of Montana. Thisis
a thoroughly up-to-date enterprise, and
and will be a great convenience to busi-
ness men, as well as to the public gener-
ally. The general plan of the business
puts the Rossland secretary and manager
in communication with the company's
attorneys throughout the Dominion of
Canada and the United States. The coni-
pany's legal advisors here are Harris,
McNeill & Deacon, solicitors and bar-
risters.

The company takes collections at all
points in Cana((a and the United States,
for a moderate commission, and makes
prompt remittances of collections tc
to clients. No advance fee is charged,
and if collections are not made
clients are put to no expense. These very
liberal terms should, with so competent
and popular a manager, make the Ross-
land branch of the Mutual Collection
Company a success.

A. S. KERRY & CO.

Lumbzr Dealen.

There is probably no name in the North-
west better known to the lumber trade
than that of A, S. Kerry. Mr. Kerry is
a large sawmill owner, and as president
of the company of which we are writ-
ing, is an exporter of lumber to China
and Japan.

The Rossland branch of the business
was established in December, 1896, and
is conducted under the joint manage-
ment of Messrs. Rosleaf and Kibler, man-
ager and secretary-treasurer, respectively,
of the company. Mr. Kerry, who re-
sides permanently in Seattle, conducts
the main business of the company at that
point.

The scope covered by the business of
the Rossland branch embraces the sale of
rough lumber, kiln-dried finishing lum-
ber, lath, shingles, doors, windows, lime,
brick, etc. The company is also Ross-
land agent for R. Miller, of the Butte
Mills, who is a large producer of native
lumber.

The success of the Rossland house
dates from its establish'nent, and it is
safe to say there have been few buildings
erected in Rossland since the begining of
the present year, in which this house has
not placed some of its material. This is
especially so in the case of lime, in
which article, we are informed, A. S.
Kerry & Co. are the leading dealers in
Rossland. The well-merited reputation
I for fair and honorable dealing Messrs.
I Rosleaf and Kibler have won for the

Romland branch <• in harmony with
the high esteem entertained for the par-
ent house at Seattle; and in conclusion
we cannot <lo more than to commend
this house to the continued confidence
and patronage of the public.

ROSSLAND'S FIRST BREWERY

John Murphy, Proprietor.

A chronological history of Rosslan<l,
from its founding to the present lime,
would have to be measured by weeks or
days rather than by years or months.
From the erection of Us first building,
the progress of the town was so rapid
that some new enterprise was born every
week, and almost every day. Among
those enterprises whose early advent oc-
casions surprise, John Murphy's Brewery
is one ; for it was in operation and was
selling beer as early as May, 1895, less
than one year from the platting of the
town.

Mr. Murphy came to the camp from Cal-
gary, N. W. T., in 1894, and, finding an
old acquaintance and friend in Mr. Ro.ss
Thompson, remained here. He assisted
in the survey of the town, and, a.sking no
concessions, txiught two of the first lots
sold by the town company, upon which
' to establish his brewery. Needless to
add, Rossland's first brewer has enjoyed
I a trade equal to its capacity from its first
! brew to the present writing, and notwith-
! standing its formidable competitors, it is
"still in the ring," producing lager beer,
steam beer, ale and porter. There is a
, )x>ttling plant in connection with the
brewery, and patrons are, therefore,
served with bottled goo<ls as well as keg
I goo<1s.

I John Murphy was torn in the Province
! of Nova Scotia; but he has been m.nny
i years in the West. He was in the North-
west Territory as early as in 1878. He
was for some time employed in sawmill
; and railway work and had his first expe-
i rience as a brewer at Banff Hot Springs,
! N. W. T. He came to British Columbia
' in 1888, and, as before stated, to Trail
! Creek in 1894.

Mr. Murphy employs skilled and ex-
i perienced German brewers. He uses the
best of imported malt and hops from the
States, the former coming from San Fran-
cisco and the latter from the hop fields of
Washington. The products of his brew-
ery compare favorably with the best
beers, ales and porters of commerce, and
he has built up a trade fully equal to the
capacity of his brewery, which will
likely hold for a long time, notwithstand-
ing the recent building of larger and
more pretensions breweries in Ro.ssland.

THE PIONEER STABLES.

Geo. Baker & Co.

As the name implies, The Pioneer Sta-
bles were the first livery stables estab-
I I'shed in Rossland, having lieen built and
j stocked in the summer of 1894. They are

noiiy with
r the par-
conclusion
coiimien<l
confidence

lEWERY

tor.

f Kosslanil,
esent lime,
jy weeks or
or months.
it building,
as so rapid
born every
y. AmonK
■ advent oc-
y's Brewery
on and was
ly, 1895. less
tting of the

inpfromCal-
, finding an
in Mr. Ross
He assisted
d, asking no
the first lots
upon which
Needless to
has enjoyed
from its first
and notwith-
ipetitors, it is
; lager beer,
. There is a
)n with the
;, therefore,
s well as keg

the Province
been m,<iny
the Nortli-
1878. He
in sawmill
first expe-
tlot Springs,
sh Columbia
ed, to Trail

lied and ex-
He uses the
lops from the
)m San Fran-
hop fields of
of his brew-
th the best
innnerce, and
equal to the
which will
lotwithstand-
r larger and
in Rossland.

'ABLES-

Pioneer Sta-
itables estab-
een built and
94. They are

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

also the largest and most completely equip-
ped stables in the camp, and the building
occupied is the finest in use for liverv
purposes in the whole of the Trail Creek
district.

For the past two years The Pioneer
Livery Stables have been owned and con-
ilucted by Geo. Baker and Wn>. Shoryer
under the firm name of Geo. Baker & bo.
Both Mr. Baker and Mr. Shoryer are old
and experienced liverymen, and are well-
knojvn throughout the Trail country.

In point of stock, vehicles and the gen-
eral paraphernalia which constitute a first-
class It very stable, no expense has been
spared, "fhe rolling stock includes bug-
gies, surries, hacks, buck-boards, moun-
tain wagons and everything usually
found in the best stables of mountain
towns. From twenty • to twenty-five
horses are kept for li vary purposes, among
them gentlemen's and ladies' driving
horses, saddle hoi-ses, pack horses and ex-
perienced mountain horses.

The firm makes a .specialty of supply-
ing hunting, fishing and prospecting
parties with horses and outfits, and does
a very large business with miners and
prospectors. They will furnish experi-
enced drivers, acquainted with the sur-
rounding country, who will accompany
patrons when desired.

Besides doing a general livery business
Geo. Baker & Co. board horses by the day
week or month, and care for private rigs,
giving them the same caremi attention
their own vehicles receive. They also
buj; and sell horses, and it may be doubt-
ed if there are two better judges of horses
in the Province than Mea^rs. Baker and
Shoryer.

We should not omit to mention the
fact that the Rossland-Trail Stage, which
runs between Rossland and Trail, is
owned by Geo. Baker & Co., and is con-
ducted as a part of the liverv business.
It is intereMing, too, that the railroad
does not visibly affect the business of
this stage route, so many preferring the
open air and pleasant drive to the tnp by
rail.

Geo. Baker was born and raised in the
city of Philadelphia, but has lived many
years in the West. He was a pioneer to
the Kootenay country, having come here
as early as 1890. He came to British
Columbia first in 1885. Wm. Shoryer is
a native of the Hoosier state. He was
an early comer to Rossland, and like his
partner in business is more or less inter-
ested in mining and real estate.

Wm. R. Beatty was Kosslund's first

undertaker. He was lH)rn in the stale of

Delaware, and studied enibitlniing at the

Philadelphia School of Kinbalining, fruin

I which institution he is a gruduate. He

I has been in the undertaking and eni-

tmlmiiig business all his life, and for the

: past ten years has been in the West.

I He came to Rossland from Spokane,

where he was for n number of years in

busineas, in June, 1H95.

Mr. Heatty is a dealer in and maker of
all kimls of undertakers' supplies, in-
cluding wood and steel caskets, coffins
and burial cases, trimmings, burial robes,
etc. He has had adec|uate facilities for
performing the last, sad offices for the
dead in accordance with the best mod-
ern system of embalming and inter-
ment.'

Mr. Beatty owns tlu building he occu-
i pie.s, which is located in Commercial
i Court. It was built expressly for its
purpose and use as an undertaking es-
tablishment, and the rooms are provided
I with the latest improvements to the end
' that the mortal remains may be em-
balmed in the best manner possible known
to modern science.

! Wli'Mi it is remembered that Mr. Beatty
is a graduate of the celebrated Philadel-
phia School of Knibalming, and that he
lie has had a life-long experience in the
undertaking business, it is redundancy
I to say that he is thoroughly skilled and
I efficient in every department of his busi-
' ness. He makes a specialty of shipping
: remains, and takes pleasure in rendering
j any services possible to the bereaved.
: We should, not omit to add that Mr.
Beatty owns a fine hearse.

M. W.SIMPSON.

WM. R. BEATTY,

Undertaker and Embilmer.

There are few business or professional
callings in which so marked a change
has taken place in the last two decades as
in that of the undertaker and embalmer.
Volumes have been written about the
lost art of embalming possessed by the
Egyptians, but modern science has so
far surpassed the ancients in the art of
embalming that regrets for the lost art of
the Egyptians are no longer heard.

Malty-Ward Simpson, proprietor of
Rosslaiid's leading news, book and sta-
tionery store, established his business in
1896. Up to that time Rossland had not
! had a first-class store of the kind, but the
time was rife for it, and Mr. Simp.son's
venture met with universal appreciation
and his store has since its opening been
known as a place where the latest and
^ best in daily, weekly and monthly publi-
cations can always be found on sale.

This house is recognized as headquar
I ters for school books. The stock of library
i and miscellaneous lx)oks, although not
j large, is well chosen in works suited to
! private libraries, as well as in holiday
i ixjoks of every description in their season.
I All the leading periodicals of England,
i the United States and Canada are carried
■ and subscriptions are received for all cf
I them. In office supplies the line is very
I complete and includes all kinds of filing
! devices, inks, mucilage, letter and pencil
! tablets, blank books, etc. In addition to
carrying in stock everything usually
found in a first-class book and stationery
store, Mr. Simpson tarries a choice and
complete line of imported and domestic
cigars and tobacco. A very complete
line of maps of the British Columbia
mining sections is also carried in stock,

Mr. Simpson is a native of I'^ngland,
and was educated a Ixxik-keeper and
.expert accountant. Iinmeiliately follow-
ing his graduation he accepteil a' position
with a London commercial house, wlier^'
he remained forsix years. Hecaine to Can-
ada in 1873,111111 slopping in Hamlltim, On-
tario, worked at his profession there until
1885, when he went to Manitoba, and en-
gaged in the agricultural implement and
grain business. He arrived in Ros.sland
from Manitoba in April, 1896, and very
soon thereafter established his present
business.

THE ROSSLAND MILL AND
LUMBER COMPANY.

E. H. Ragland, Manager.

It may be doubted if there is another
single eiiterpri.se in Rossland that has
been so closely identified with the build-
ing interests of the city or that has had
so much to do with the construction of
our residences and business blocks as
The Rossland Mill and Lumber Com-
pany.

This was the first industry of the kind
in Rossland. The plant comprises the lat-
est improved machinery, and no expense
has been spared to make this mill one of
the best in this section ol British Col-
umbia. Only the most .skilled and com-
petent workmen are employed, and the
best of materials used. At the present
writing, there are emp!oye<l about eight
skilled mechanics, drawing an average
P«y of I3-0O per day. All lumber is
bought at wholesale, and every facility
afforded to reduce the cost of pr'oductioii
to the minimum and make the quality of
the product all that it can be made' by
.\l materials, the be.st modern plant and
the most .skilled workmen.

The company does a general milling
and contracting business. Regarding the
class of work done, we may say it is
uniform in excellence, and has won for
the company a most gratifying reputa-
tion.

As is indicated by its name, the com-
pany is a dealer in lumber. In this con-
nection, it is proper to state the Buckeye
Lumber Company, of Spokane, Washing-
ton, owns an interest in the business and
supplies the yard here at a minimum
cost, thus enabling the management to
meet all competitors, Ixjth as to prices
and to quality.

P.. H. Ragland, manager of The Ross-
land Mill & Lumber Company, establish-
ed the business in February, 1896. He was
formerly a contractor and builder of Los
Angeles, California, but came to Rossland
from Spokane, Washington. In view of
his former experience in the line it is not
surprising Mr. Ragland makes contract-
ing and building a prominent feature of
the Company's business.

It is not too much to say, in conclusion
that Mr. Ragland's praiseworthy record
in Rossland justifies the statement that
any contract he may make will be carried
out in the most workman like and satis-
factory manner.

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

EMPEY BROTHERS.
Groccn ftnd QmiiniNion Mc<«iianti.

TIUH JH not only oiiv of tlic leading
lioiiHi'H of the kinil in KoMiland, tmt in
this Hfctiun of Hritiith Culiunhia as well.
HcHiiles tx!inK wholeiialif and retail gro-
cers, Kinpey RrotherN are conuniftion
nierchantn and wholeimle dealers in hav,
grain, vegetahles and other produotH of
the farni, garden and dairy. Their spec-
ialties are fancy groceries^ staple grocer-
ies, fancy butter, fresh eggs, cream cheese,
cured meats, cured fish, poultry and
game, fresh fruits, fresh vegetahles and
confectionery.

Kinpey Brothers have two salesrooms,
one on Columbia avenue and one on First
avenue, and have a large fire-proof ware-
house on First avenue. They are im-
porters and large buyers in car-load lots,
and are, accoruingly', able to sell every-
thing in the several lines carried by them
at the lowest market price. They run
two wagons for the delivery of goods in
the city and suburbs and to nearby mines.
Their capital is ample for all the needs of
their business, and the firm stands
eijually well in business and financial
circles. They have a large and increas-
ing wholesale trade with merchants and
mmes all over the district, and an impor-
tant retail trade with families, restaurants
and hotels.

F. E. and F. A. Empey are natives of
the state of Michigan. They came to
the mountains in 1886, and for the past
ten years, previous to coming to Rossland
in September, 1896, were in business in
C«Eur d'Alene City, Idaho. The Empev
Brothers are f)oth young men, and, in
their career and business success, exem-
plify the saying that "the West is the
young man's country."

an well, an importer from the I'nilcd
.States.

The business occupies two well-filled
floors, one being wholly devoted to fur-
niture, and the greater part of the other
to carpets, mattings, portieres, curtains,
i etc. I'ndertakers' goods form an im-
' portant but inconspicuous part of the
j stock, and funeral directing, embalming
; and undertaking are a part of the busi-
ness of the firm. In this connection, it is
I pertinent to state the firm owns two fine
hearses, one white and one black.

C. H. Lockhart and J. M. Jordan, while
comparatively young men, are both ex-

f)erience<l merchants. Mr. Lockhart was
>orn in Ontario, Canada, but was a pio-
neer of British Columbia's new era, hav-
ing come ,to the Province in 1885. He
was first connected with t'e furniture
business at Brandon, M ..liioba, was for a
numl)er of years in ..le furniture busi-
ness in Victoria, B. C. He is also also a
a skilled undertaker, and a graduate of
the U. S. College of Emlmlming.

J. M. Jordan is a native of the state of
Georgia. He received his education in
his native state, and having engaged in
merchandising tiefore attaining his ma-
jority, and remained in it mitil he wound
up his business with a view of coming to
British Columbia, also recei: '.-d his busi-
ness training there. Arriving in British
Columbia in February of last year, he
made an extended trip throughout the
mining sections of the Province, and,
settling upon Rossland as the most ]>roni-
ising town, he decided to engage in bus-
iness here. Accordingly, having become
I ac(juainted with Mr. Lockhart, they
{ united their interests, and purchasing
the first large and complete slock of fur-
I niture, carpets and undertakers' goods
'' ever brought to Rossland, opened their
' commodious store for trade forMay of the
present year.

LOCKHART & JORDAN.

Importers and Dealers in Furniture, Car-
pets and Undertakers' Goods.

Among the number of !)• siness firms
that have engaged in trade in Ros.sland
since the beginning of the present year,
none are more worthy of conspicuous
and favorable mention than Ivockhart &
Jordan. The stock carried by this house
is so plainly indicated in the head of this
article, that it only remains to say that it
is the largest and 'most complete stock of
the kind in this part of British Columbia
and includes everything in the line of
furniture, from the plain but serviceable
quality used by the laboring man's fam-
ily to the most exquisitely carved and
upholstered furniture which adorns the
homes of the wealthy. The extensive
stock of furniture is .supplemented by a
general line of carpets, floor cloths, mat-
ting rugs, mats, draperies, window cur-
tains, shades and cornice poles, lace cur-
tains and fixtures, upholstery, beds, bed-
ding, pillows, toilet crockery^ etc.

The fimi is a buyer in' car-load lots
from the l)est factori'os of Canada, and is.

JAMES PRICE.

Merchant Tailor.

James Pric^ first came to Ros.slaiul in
! 1894, and in April of the following year
established the pioneer tailoring business
of the camp. He had been the leading
I tailor of Nelson since 1893, and on start-
ing in business here found many old
! patrons, who had come with the rush to
I Ros.sland.

As he was the first, so is Mr. Price the
I leading tailor of Rossland. He carries a
I large and well selected stock of the finest
1 imported goods, and keeps fully abreast
I of the times both as to style of cut and
' the latest and most fashionable patterns.
I His stock includes the best English,
I Scotch, French and Irish goods, and it is
[ not too much to say the display of trouser-
I ings, suitings, vestings ann overcoatings
i is the most attractive in the city.

Mr. Price is an ex'perienced cutter, and
does all cutting and fitting himself. He
uses the celebrated John J. Mitchell
system, and the latest Mitchell fashion
plates are always on display for in-

I pection. All garments are iiipde under
j Mr. I'rice's direct supervision, and none
I but the most skilled jcnirneyman tailors
j are employed. Mr. Price makes no
misfits.

It is gratifying to lie able to state that
Mr. Price counts among his patrons many
of the l»est flressed gentlemen of Rossland
and the contiguous camps, an<l among his
i regular customers many men of official
standing, mining men, financiers anil
business men.

James Price was Imrn on the Emerald
Isle. He came to the United States in
' 1868, and has .since traveled in nearl\ all
of the states. He has been employed as
cutter in some of the t)est-known tailor-
ing establishments of the West, and has
lieen in business for himself several times.
Mr. Price liears an excellent reputation in
Rossland business circles, and is no less
esteemed as a courteous gentlemen and
worthy citizen.

WM. ROLLS.

Druggitl.

The pharmacy owne<l and conducted
by Win. Rolls had its beginning in March
1U96, and has become recognized as one of
the leaders in the drug business in Ros.s-
land. The stock of drugs and medicines
carried includes everything usually found
in a first-class drug store , and everything
known to the trade and in demand in this
section, in the line of patent and prepared
remedies, toilet articles, druggists' sun-
; dries, etc., is kept.

Putting up prescriptions is an import-
I ant feature of the business, and it is
, worthy of note that all prescriptions are
1 submitted to close inspection liefore being
registered or filled. This department is
provided with drugs of the very highest
grade of purity, and no others are in any
case useil in putting in prescrijitions for
'• physicians or for the public,
i It has been said that a thorough know-
ledge of the business is the liest capital a
druggist can have. Win. Rolls is certainly
a capitalist in this respect, for he is a
] graduate of the Ontario College of Phar-
] maey, and has had many years' experi-
I ence in the trade. He is not only a
! skilled prescription pharmacist, but a
manufacturing chemist, as well. Of the
many preparations manufactured by him
we cite the following, which are now
' household words all over the Trail Creek
• district : Alaskan Balsam, Berbereen,
Cholera Cordial and Rolls' S. & L. Pills.
' The last named are sold to wholesalers all
over British Columbia.

Wni. Rolls is a native of the Province

of Ontario. After receiving his diploma

from the Ontario College of Pharmacy,

he almost immediately entered the trade

and came to Rossland from the coast

; where he had been in successful business

; for more than a decade. While he de-

1 votes his time and personal attention lo

; his business here, like the majority of our

j merchants, Mr. Rolls is to some extent

j interested in mining, and is the owner

, of valuable property. His success here

p(l«; iiniler
and iionf
■111 tHllorn
imken no

stnlc tlittl
ronH many
f RoMland
aniotiK hi*
1 of official
jcicrs oh<l

• KnieraUl
I States in

nearl) all
nployeil a»
)wn tailor-
st, anil liaH
vcnil tinicH.
rputation in

iH no less
leinen and

I conducted
ing in March
ized ttH one of
ess in Ross-
irt nieiUcines
isually found
d everything
imand in this
tind prepored
Liggists' snn-

an iniport-

and It is

riptions are

before being

partuient is

verv highest

rsa're in any

scriptions for

rough know-
)esl capital a
Is is certainly

for he is a
ege of Phar-
•ears' experi-

riot only a
acist. hut a
well. Of the
ured by him
lich are now
Trail Creek
Berbereen,

S. & L. Pills-
wholesalers all

the Province
his diploma
of Pharmacy,
red the trade
jm the coast
ssful business
While he de-
1 attention to
najority of our
some extent
is the owner
success here

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAD. CREEK DISTRICT

has been amply merited by a course of
fair and honorable dealing, and he oc-
cupies a prominent place among the
leading and respected merchants of Ross-
land.

QUEEN STEAM LAUNDRY

Blue it Hinh, Proprietors.

The ,2ueen Bteam Laundry was built
by Louis Blue an<l operated by S. Hir«h
for the firm of Blue & Hirsh. This is
the only steam laundry in Rossland, and
has but recently begun business.

The moilern steam laundry may be
said to have had its birth in Troy, New
York. It was there that the first mod-
ern laundry uiacliinerv was made and
the first modern laundry operated, and
it is in Troy that the most perfect laun-
dry machinery now in use the world over
is manufactured. It is, therefore, appro-

Eriate to state that the Queen Steam
aundry is newly equipped with the lat-
est improved machinery, most ol which
came from the Troy manufactures.

Tl' ugh recently established, this laun-
dry as already built up an important
business, and gives employment to from
ten to a dozen people. Only the tnost
skilled white lalx)r is employed, and the
best wages are paid. Wagons are run for
the accommodation of city patrons, and
laundry is called for and delivered free of
charge.

While doing all manner of laundry
work in the very best style, the specialty
of this laundry is fine family and gentle-
men's work. Respecting the class of
work done, we may say that it is uniform
in excellence, and approaches perfection
as nearly as can be done by competent
experts operating the best modern ma-
chinery.

Louis Blue, the senior member of the
firm of Blue & Hirsh, is too well and
widely known to need introduction here.
He is a prominent citizen of Rossland,
and is closely identified with the inter-
ests of this section. Mr. Hirsh was for-
merly a merchant of facoma, Washing-
ton, and on coming to Rossland, his asso-
ciation in business with Mr. Blue is
ample introduction for the people of the
Trail Creek district.

sisted of a few dozen huts and shacks
scattered here and there, he may lie sai<l
to have liegun business here with the
beginning of the town. He is, by trade,
a carpenter and builder, and for the first
year of Ws residence here was emnloyed
as foreman for a leading contractor. In
January, 1896, Mr. Rolf established his
present business, and has since been
known as one of Rossland's leading
supply men.

Mr. Rolf has on hand at all times a full
and complete stock of sash, doors, mould-
ings and builders' supplies. He buys on
both sides of the line, principally from
Winnipeg, Vancouver, Tacoma and Port-
land. He has a shop Imck of his stock
room, where odd sizes and special patterns
of sash and doors ore manufi<v.'tured to
onler, and employs a conipetiint work-
man in this department,

Mr. Rolf was Ijorn in the "Empire"
state. He came west in 1893, and came
to Rossland from Spokane, Washington.
He is a thorough busin':m man. and his
past record in RossUnil justifies the
statement that he is a man of sterling
integrity us well.

E. A. ROLF,

Dealer in Sash, Doors, GUh, Mouldings and
BuiUers' Supplies.

Ai there is no business more insepar-
able from the progress and prosperity of a
new community than that which contri-
butes to the building of hemes, so there
is no class of men more justly deserving
of favorable mention in a first history of
any community than those connected
with the builders' trades. It is, therefore,
with pleasure we cite the subject of this
sketch.

It may be doubted if there is any other
one man who has been so intimately asso-
ciated with the building interests of this
city as E. A- Rolf. Coming to Rossland
in February, 1895, when the town con-

COLUMBL^ BREWERY

Gratden & Gaul, Proprietors.

The Columbia Brewery was built in
September, 1895, and was Rossland's scc-
i ond brewery. It was operated by Messrs.
Dreyer & HofTmeir until March of the
present year, in which month the present
firm Gmden & Gaul succeeded to the plant
and business.

The output of the Columbia Brewery
is lager. The brewery is well equipped,
and no inferior materials are used. The
firm imports mnlt from San Francisco,
and hops from the rich fields of Washing-
ton. Mr. Gaul is a scientific brewer of
long experience, and it is not too much
to say of the product of the Columbia
brewery, that it is superior to many of the
imported beers of commerce.

Mes-srs. Groden & Gaul do not at pres-
ent sell to the trade, but will in the near
future enlarge their facilities and extend
their business accordingly. At present,
they sell from the tap, and the path to
their br«wery is well beaten by carriers
of "growlers." Their place is a favorite
resort for prospectors and miners who
want to get the worth of their money,
and lovers of the amber beverage cannot
do better than to "rush the can" at the
Columbia brewery.

John Graden is a native of Switzerland,
and Henry Gaul of Germany. Tliey are
both from the Sound country, where Mr.
Graden was engaged in the general
merchandise business and Mr. Gaul was a
well-known brewer.

RICHARD PLEWMAN.

If we may judge from the considemble
number of men, who, having been edu-
cated for other callings, have finally en-
gaged in mining enterprises late in life
with exceptional success, it would seem
that, as in commercial pursuits, banking
and other branches of business, a thorough

business education is necessary to success,
so also is it no less necessary in all legit-
imate mining rntcrpriHCS.

Ricliard Plewnian was iKirn in Ireland,
was educated to business in England, and
for over twenty years, first as a commercial
traveler for English firms in the Irotlu-r
factoring business, and afterwanls repre-
senting his own firm, he traveled all over
England, Scotland and Ireland. In iSlly
he came to Toronto, Canada, where tnost
of his family now reside. His acquaint-
ance with infiueiitinl ineniliers of the
Victoria Consolidated Hydraulic Mining
company, one of the largest and strongest
companies of the kind in Canada, led to
his going to the Carilxio country in 1895.
The expcrier.ce and ol)servation in mining
gained in two years' connection with that
company, together with the favorable
reports of the Kootenays, led him in
January, 1897, to come to Rossland as n
more dcslrnble field for engaging in busi-
ness on his own account. His knowledge
of men and affairs, and his antecedents
l)eiiig such as to commend him to in-
fluential people, and the time being
favorable, it is hardly surprising that
within a few nionthn after his arrival here,
a comparative strun.fer, Mr. Plewnian
should be secretary of La Regina Mining
company, official brolter of the Cumlier-
land Gold Mining company, and has been
nominated by the Old National Bank of
Spokane for the receivership of the O. K.
Mining company, and is one of Ross-
land's prominent and most trustworthy
brokers and dealers in mining stocks
and mining properties.

That events and business move fast in
Rossland is well indcated by the fact that
two such old and conservative institutions
as the Bank of Montreal and the Bank of
British North America should actually
race with each other for the advantage of
a day in opening. Imbued with that
spirit of alertness Mr. Plewnian began
business. His energy, hit enterprise and
his wide and influential acquaintance \n
mining and financial circle.^ gained him
an immediate clientage ond brought to
him many propositions to incorporate
componies' and promote enterprises. He
accordingly secured the services of a
reputable firm of consulting engineers,
and having a careful examinotion of prop-
erties made, accepted or rejected prop-
ositions in accordance with the engineers'
official report. The wisdom of Mr.
Plewman's plan of procedure is seen in
the fact that every company with which
his name is connected will stand the most
searching test as to properties upon which
the capitalization is made, the protection
of treasury stock, and the peremptory
pooling of all promoters' stock.

Mr. Plewman has now in the jiress a
catalogue of sixty mining properties for
sale by him. It is the most comprehensive
thing of the kind yet issued for Ros.sland,
contoining every variety of ininerol
claims, from the mere prospect priced at
a few hundred dollors to the best Red
Mountain properties, running all the way
up to $300,000.00.

Mr. Plewman has his office ond consul-
tation rooms in the Imperial Block. He
uses Clougli's ond Bedford McNeill'scodes,
and his telegraphic ond cable oddress is
"Plewman," Rossland.

S<"

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

J. B. JOHNSON.

I Rossland, solicitois for the Bank of Mon-
I treal. He was born at Stratford, province
'■ of Ontario. He was educated at the
Among the early comers to the Trail \ Upper Canada College, at Toronto, and
Creek district and to Rossland, few, if ' chose as a profession that of barrister-at-
indeed any, liave done more toward the : law. Having gone with the rush to Man-
development of our mines and the build- itoba, in 1881, he became one of its in-
ing of our ■jity than the subject of this fluential and honored citizens. He was

sketch.

While it is a fact that Mr. Clute began
his professional career in Rossland under
most favorable auspices, it will also be
admitted thU hs his amply deserved his
success, and tiis professional high stand-
ing in professional, business and social cir-
cles. He practices in all the courts of the
Province, and has a large and increasing

Mayor of the city of Brandon for the two itclientage extending well over British

Columbia, into the eastern provinces, to
the States and even to England.

Mr. Clute's admirable social qualities

J. B. Johnson first came to Rossland in : succeeding terms, beginning in 1882 and
August, 1895, when th<; now metropolis of 1884, and was a memb3r of the Dominion

the Kootenavs was an infant village. After j Parliament from Manitoba, from 1887 to

spending a few weeks in reconnoitering ' 1896. He was, in 1890, appointed a Queen's 1 make him especially popular in fraternal
the district and its wealth of natural re- Counselor, and was a member of the Can- ! circles. He is a willing worker in the
sources, Mr. Johnson became thoroughly adian Government, as Minister of the In- { A. O. U. W., and is District Deputy for
convinced the camp had in store a sunny terior and Superintendant General of Ind'- j the District of Kootenay. He is a pro-
future, and if we may judge by his read- ian Affairs, from 1892 to 1896. In view of minent member of Lodge 21, K. of P.,
inesB to assistin worthy public enterprises the foregoing, it is not too much to say i and is a Mason in good standing,
for the good of the community, his confi- Mr. Daly has honored the city of Ross- 1 It lias been said in another column that
dence has not once wavered, even during land by becoming one of her Commission- i Rossland is fortunate in the personnel and
the darkest days of the camp. ers of Police. j in the char.icter of her profes.sional men,

Satisfying himself on the permanency It might go without saying tha* Mr. [ xnd that they have most of them come

Daly was attracted to Rossland by the'
fame of the richness of our mines. It
naturally follows, too, that upon his ar-
rival here in January, 1897, he became

of the camp, Mr. Johnson began to look
about him for the most profitable invest
ments then open, and soon became ex
tensivelv interested in both city real es-

tate and valuab'.e mining prop-'rty. He almost immediately identified with the
opened his real estate and brokerage , great mining industry of the district. As
office here in the f?ll of '95, and was one of j an evidence of the uiiiversal esteem and
the small van of pioneer brokers of the ■ confidence in which he is held by niining j
district. men, investors and the general public t

rir. Johnson was one of the locators of; we append the following partial list ofj
the Big Four niining properties, now mi. ling companies, with which he is con-

from their Alma Mater in the eastern
provinces or from Englisli schools. We
may add, in concluding, that British
Columbia has just reason for pride in
her native sons.

JOHN KIRKUP, Esq.

; Big
bonded to W. S. Corbould, of the Ciina
dian Pacific Exploration, Limited, and is
the owner of a number of very promising
claims near Ro.ssland. In connection i
with his real estate and general brokerage
business, he acts as general agent for the
Bruce (ioUl Mining Company, in which
the Goodeve B- jthers are extensively in-
terested, and of the Leap Year Gold ;
Mining Company, incorporated at London
Ontario. He also acts as general local ;
agent for some of l.ie "old line" insurance j
companies, of which the more important ;
are the Norwich Union of England ; The |
National, of Ireland ; The Ph(cui.», -^f i
Hartford and Lloyd's Plate Glass Insur- 1
ance Company. The rental and collec-
tion feature of his business is very import- 1
ant, and demands much of his attention.

J. B. Johnson was born in London, On- '
tario ; but has been twelve years in British
Columbia. He came to Rorsland from

nected as an owner and an officer :

1. The Brandon & Golden Crown Mining
Company,

2. The Algonquin Con.solidated Mining
Company.

3. The British Columbia Southern Pros-
pecting Co. •■■

4. The Rossland-Green Mountaln'*Min-
ing Co.

5. The Silver Queen Mining Company.

6. The Rosslatid-Slocan Development Co.

7. The Detroit Consolidated Mining Co.

JOHN S. CLUTE, Jr.

Birristsr ani Solicitjr.

T,\e name of Jack Kirkup will go down
to history not only as a fearless peace
officer, but as the one name that has con-
tributed most to the exdeptional regard
for law and order that has up to the pres-
■ ent time prevailed in the Kootenays.
I John Kirkup was born neur Ottawa,
I Ontario, in 1855. He grew to manhood
and learned the trade of a carriage maker
i in his native Province. He went to Win-
! nipeg, Manitoba, in 1876, and for a time
operated a ferry on the Red River of the
North, Ttie following year he came to
British Columbia and went to work at his
trade in Victoria. His first position a« a
. peace officer was on the police forct- of
: Victoria. Af\er about a years' service of
that city, he in 18S1, became a member
; of the Provincial force. His duties as a
John S. Clute, Jr., is a native son of i government officer brought him to the
British Columbia. He was born at New \ Kootenays, where his name and fame be
Westminster, on March 23d, 1867, afid cam;; a warning to evil doers and a guar-

Hon. T. MAYNE DALY, Q. C.

New Westminster, where he was formerly was educated and grew to manhood in antee of law and order to all. He was
engaged In file real estate and brokerage his native citv. After his graduarttyR one of the first Government constables
business. Of his standing and reputation j from the Collegiate Institute of New '• for Vale district during the construction
in Rossland, there could hardly be a Westminster, he took up the study of | of the C. P. railroad, and btjcame widely
better index than the vote of our citizens , law in the office and under the precep- j known as "Jack" Kirkup, "Sheriff of the
at the late election, when Mr. Johnson ! torship of Judge Bole, now local judge of Kootenays."

was chosen to serve one of the cit_"'s first ; the Supreme Court of British Columbia, | Mr. Kirkup came to Ro.sslnnd in March
aldermen. ' j and was In 1893 admitted to the bar bv ' 189.S, direct from Victoria, but indirectly

— ^ i the Supreme Court of the Province. Ini- : from Revelstoke, where he had 1^ ' in

' mediately following his admission, Mr | the Govenimenl service for the preceding

Clute began the practice of his profession : nine years. He came in accordance with

in Vpw Westminister. His first venture the Government appointment as Recorder.

outside of his native bailiwick was in the j He, however, retained his position with the

British Columbia is distinguished for summer of 1895, when he came with the ' Provincial Police, and, accordingly acted

the character of people she attracts to her 1 rush to the Trail Creek district. Arriving as chief constable of the town until its

gates, as well as for her phenomenal ; in Rossland, he found himself to be the ! incorporation, in \pril of the present

wealth of natural resources. Among i second regularly admitted barrister and 1 year. Mr, Kirkup makes as capable and

those in Rossland who have achieved | solicitor in the district. Mr. Clute is popular a Recorder as he Jtas alwaysbeen

lonors and distinction before casting somewhat prominent in fraternal circles, . a p.!ace officer. His modesty of demeanor

th -ir lot with us, none are more widely and the many brotherly greetings he re- \ and warm heart comport well with his

or favorably known throughout the Do- j celved and the friendly welcome by old j fine physiciue ami six feet, three, of

minion of Canada than the subject of neighbors who had preced"d him, added j stature ; ana it may be said of him that he

this sketch. to the oromise of an immediate clientage, | Is so kind of heart as he ./has ever been

Hon. T. Mayne Daly is senior member | decided him to "hang out his shingle" in j honest and fearless .In the discharge of

of tiie law firm of Daly & HamlUon, of| Rossland. | his duties.

ute began
in<l under
11 also be
lerved his
gh stand-
l social cir-
urts of the
increasing
er British
}vinces, to
I.

1 qualities
H fraternal
ter in the
Deputy f"''
is a pro-
K. of P.,

olunm that
-sonnel and
ional men,
hem come
:he eastern
hools. We
liat British
ir pride in

Esq.

ifill go down
arless peace
hat has con-
onal regard
to the pres-
)tenays.
ear Ottawa,

manhood
riage maker
vent to Win-

1 for a time
tiver of the
he came to
1 work at his
osition a« a
ice force of

service of
: a member
duties as a
him to the
nd fame be-
and a guar-
U. He was

constables
construction
lame widely
iheriff of the

nd in March
indirectly
\ad ' . ' in
he preceding
irdance witli
as Recorder,
tion with the
dingly acted
ivn until its
the present
capable and
always been
of <lemeanor
veil with his
t, three, ot
if him that he
ever been
discharge of

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

FORiN & GALT.

Barristers and Soliciton.

P. McL. Forin and A. C. Gait, leading
barristers and solicitors of Rossland, form-
ed a co-pannership in May of the present
year. Besides their mutual professional
interests. Forin & Gait are owners of
some valuable mining properties now un-
dergoing development, and are interested
in several promising mining companies.

P. McL. Forin came to British Colum-
bia in 1891, and to Rossland in May,
i8g6. He was born in the Province of
Ontario. He was educated at Belleville
High School, and at the Toronto Uni-
versity, and studied law at the Inner
Temple, London, England. On return-
ing to Canada, he came to British Colum-
bia, and engaged in the practice of his
profession at New Westminster. He
subsequently removed his office to Van-
couver, and came from Vancouver to
Rossland.

A. C. Gait is also a native of the Pro-
viiice of Ontario. He was educated at
the Upper Canada College, and at the
Toronto University, and had attained
distinction in his prcfes.sion, at Toronto,
where he practiced for a number of years
before coming to British Columbia. Mr.
Gait came to the Province and to Ros.s-
land, in 1896. He is a member of the
family of Gaits, well-known in Canadian
politics and for the number of its able
professional men.

Among the many favors of Chance or
of Fortune, for which Rossland has
reas. n for gr.itification, the character and
standing of its pTofes.sional men is not the
least. Some have come from their Cana-
dian Alma Matt'i or a mere celebrated
school in FIngland, some from both, as in
the ease of Mr. Forin ; some have won
honors in the older provinces before
coming ; all, without a known exception,
are men of commendable attainments and
wortl. V character.

firm acted as agents for the Attorney
General of Canada, in the Province of On-
tario. In 1890 having withdrawn from
the firm, Mr. Nelson went to the North-
west Territory and engaged in the prac-
tice of law at Moose Jaw, where he be-
came prominent both as a barrister and
as a citizen.

Mr. Nelson came to the Trail Creek
district in August, 1896. It might also
go without saying that he very soon be-
came interested in mining to the extent
of investing, and that he owns and has
interests in some valuable properties. It
is worthy of note, however, that his in-
vestments and mining interests are more
'icidental to exceptional opportunities
ottered him and incidental to his resi-
dence in a mining district, than as indi-
cating that he will allow the alluring
promise of mining to interfere with his
chosen profession.

Having practised in the courts of two
Provinces, and having eaten salt with
men of all ranks of life from Premiers of
the dominion, to cowboys of the North-
west Territory, Mr. Nelson is a man of
wide experience, cir.d ::. exceptionally
well qualified both p.j a barrister for the
Province and as a valuable citizen of
Rossland. As a criminal lawyer, he
ranked first in the Territories, and many
a guilty cow-puncher and bronco-bu.ster
owes iiis liberty to Mr. Nelson's ad-
vocacy.

F. R. MENDENHALL,

General Mining Machinery.

30,000.00

20,000.00

7,ooo.co

5,000.00

25,000.00

2,500.00

5,000.00
15,000.00
2,000.00
2,500.00
2,500.00
10,000.00
2,000.00
4,000.00
4,000.00
4,000.00
1,000.00
1,500.00

W.J.NELSON.

Barrister.

The year 1S96 marked the arrival in j
Ro.ssland of many men prominent in
mining, business and professional circles.
W. J. Nel.son is one among the latter who ;
remaining, has established himself jK-r- .
ni...;..i.'ly and will pinctice his profession 1
in Rossland and in all the courts of the
Province.

Mr. Nelson was l)orn at Brampton, in
the coui.ty of Peel, Province of Ontario.
He was educated in the best .schools of :
his native Province, and studied law at Os-
good Hall, Inns of Court, at Toronto. He
engaged in the practice of his profession
at Toronto ; but went as a member, and 1
officer of the Queen's Own Rifles, of'
Canada, in 1885, to a.ssist in quelling the -
Reil rebellion. On being mustered out ;
of the service, he i-esumed Ihe practice of'
law, as a member of the firm of McDonald j
& Nelson, Barristers, of Toronto, which |

Notwithstanding all that has been
written of the wonderful richness of our
mines and the magic city which they
have built, neither could ever have been
but for the machinery which has rendered
po.s.sible the de* .lOpment of the fonner
and the consequent building of the latter.
It is fitting then that the agency which
has furnished the means whereby were
made Rossland and her mines should
occupy a prominent place in a historical
review of the camp.

F. R. Mendenhall is the pioneer ma-
chinery agent of Rossiland. He came to
the Trail Creek district in the summer ot
1895, and in October of the same year
began business as an agent of the Cana-
dian Rand Drill company, of Sherbrooke,
Quebec, and the Jenckes Machine com-
pany, for which companies he is now
general agent for the whole of British
Columbia.

If Mr. Mendenhall was fortunate in se-
curing the general agency of the f.'aiia-
dian Rand Drill company and the Jenckes
Machine ctmipany, those corporations
were no less fortunate in securing Mr.
Mendenhall as their general agent lor
British Columbia, for there is now inr e
Canadian Rand and Jenckes machinery in
use in British Columbia than all other
makes of machinery combined. In proof
of the preceding statement we append the
following list of well-known mires which
Mr. Mendenhall has fully or partially
equipped with machinery.

Le Roi cost of tnachinery ..|ti 50,000.00

War Kagle

O. K.

Red Mountain " "

Cliff

Kootcnay&Columbia'* **

Iron Horse " "

Alberta " "

Comma ;ider " "

Crown Point " "

Palo Alto

Red Kagle " "

Blue Bird "

Nest Kgg " ".

Silver Bell

City of Spokan. " "

Monita " "

White Bear

St. Paul

Georgia " "

Great Western " "

Morning Star " " —

Hattie " '.' —

Mr. Mendenliall's oflSce is eligibly lo-
cated on Columbia avenue, Ro.s.sland,
and his commodious warehouse on the
Columbia & Western track affords excep-
tional facilities for receiving and forward-
ing machinery. The stock in store is
always sufficient to meet the immediate
demand and is being constantly replen-
ished from the factory. Mr. Mendenhall
attends in readiness to supply rock drills,
air compressors and all kinds of general
mining machinery at a day's notice.

V. R. Mendenhall was Iiorn in the
"Buckeye" state, but has Ijeen west for
the past ten years. He was, before com-
ing to Rossland, connected with the Parke
& Lacy Manufacturing company's branch
at Spokane, Washington. His experience
has ably fitted him for the responsible
position he holds as general agent of such
great corporations as the Caiiat^ian Rand
Drill company and the Jenckes Machine
company, and it is not too much to .say
Mr. Mendenhall has made the names of
those companies, in British Columbia as
elsewhere, a svnonym for quality and
durability in mining machinery.

CM.WELLER.

Sanitary Plumbsr.

C. M. Weller is a native of Wurtenberg
Germany, but came to the United States
when a youth. He was for a numlier of
years a resident of the state of Kansasand
later of Tacoma, Washington, from which
place he came to Rossland in August,
1896. He was fomierly connected with
the leading plumbing establishments of
Tacoma, and on arriving here immediate-
ly .set up shop and began business on his
own account.

Mr. Weller's shop is located on the S.
W. corner of Spokane street and Columbia
avenue, under one of the first hotel
buildings put up in Rossland. It is
equipped with all the latest iimiroveil
machine tools and appliances lor' the
modern plumbing shop, and is stocked
with everything necessary in the way of
lead and iron pipe, sheet metal for the
manufacture of bath-tubs, sinks, wa.sh-
stands, water clcsets, tubs, etc.

ROSSLAND AND THE TRAIL CREEK DISTRICT

Mr. Wellerwill gladly submit estimates
for work in his line, and his praiseworthy
record for the past year in Rossland justi-
fies the assertion that any contract he
may enter into will be executed in the
most satisfactory manner and in strict ac-
cordance with specifications.

It might go without saying that Mr.
Weller can furnish references. He has
done much of the best work that has been
let since he came to Rossland, in evidence
of which we append the following brief
but representative list : Hoffman House,
Goodeve Block, Butte Hotel, Hotel Shaw,
Hotel Cardiff, Western Hotel, Goff build-
ing, the Bank building at Trail, residences
of H. S. Wallace, Charles R. Hamilton,
barrister, H. Stevens and others.

Address CM. Weller, Rossland, B. C,
P. O. Box 271.

THE BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMELTING & REFINING CO.

The officers of this smelter, which is
located at Trail Creek, B. C, are : Presi-
dent, F. A. Heinze; Gen'l Sup't (also of
Mr. Heinze's smelter at Butte, Mont.,) H.
C. Bellinger. This smelter began work
on Oct. loth, 1895, and the first furnace
was fired in February, 1896. There are
now five furnaces in full operation, and
additions under construction that will
fully treble the capacity of the works.

The Smelter now comprises; — The
Sampling Mill, daily cap. 300 to 500 tons ;
bin cap. in mill, 1000 tors. The ore pas-
sing through a iax22 inch Blake crusher,
to run through a troinmel, whence the
fines go to a Constant cylindrical sampler
and the over size to a 9x15 crusher and
rolls, and then to the sampler and into the
bins, until the lot of ore 13 settled, from
whence it goes to the calcinersor the bins
from which it can be drawn in the cars to
the blast furnace. This sampler is inad-
equate for the amovmt of ore offered, and
is now being enlarged so as to handle 350
to 550 tons per 34 hours.

In the Jfoast House is one O'Hara auto-
matic calcining furnace, with foundations
laid for a second. This furnace is 120
feet long over all, and has two 90 foot
hearths, one above the other, 9 feet wide.
One traveling chain passes along the cen-
ter of the hearths, carrying 6 plows and 6
trolleys or chain carriages, at the rate of
about 25 to 35 feet per minute, and as yet
very little repairs have been required, the
chain, plows and trolleys showing but lit-
tle sign of corrosion in the furnace. Fifly
tons of ore crushed to pass a half-inch
ring are roasted per day, with a loss of 70
per cent, of sulphur contents, the ore tak-
ing 12 to 14 hours to pass through the
furnaces in which ten fire places fired with
wood supply the heat. Besides this furn-
ace, there are in the furnace-room six
circular calciners, such as is used in Butte,
placed al)ove the reverberatories, the ore
automatically fed, passing over 6 horizon-
tal revolving hearths that discharge alter-
nately from the rim and center upon the
lower one, thence into the hoppers below
that are immediately over the hearth of
the reverberatory. It is designed in this
furnace that when once ignited no further
fuel will be needed than the .sulphur, but
they must run continuously, and on ac-

count of irregularity, until recently, in the
operation of the reverberatories, these
calciners have not been used.

The dust chamber is 180 feet long, 10x12
feet inside with walls from the sides every
10 feet, not over-lapping, but having a
clear space through the chambers to the
chimney, which is 140 feet high and 8>4
feet square inside.

Furnace Room, 60x310 feet, 68 feet to
peak of roof. The ore is being smelted
after two methods :— -(a) In four reverb-
eratories, hearths 14x22 feet, 40 tons each
per 24 hours, in charges of roasted and un-
roasted ores, slag and limestone are now
being treated. The fuel is wood, but as
this IS not yet dry enough to give the re-
quired heat, coal also is being used, over
70 tons a day, from the Antbmcite Coal
Co's mines, on the eastern limits of the
Rocky Mountains, whence it is brought
over ihe Canadian Pacific Railroad to Re-
velstoke, or Arrowhead, and thence in
scows down the Arrow Lakes and the Co-
lumbia to the smelter, whence it is raised
up an incline 160 feet by a small steam
hoist with cable and car, to a trestle along
which the car can be run to the shutes
wherever needed in the works; (b) In two
38x144 Rect. blast furnaces, with a cap-
acity of 200 tons each, floor water jacketed \
with 14 four inch tuyeres, ore is now |
smelted. As the amount of sulphur in
these ores is low, and that in the pyrrho- 1
tite not available for fuel, as already it i |
natural matte, a typical form of pyrl ^
smelting cannot be used, but more or less
fuel is necessary, and a very satisfactory
grade of coke is got from Fairhaven,
Washington, although it carries from 20
to 24 per cent. ash. A small amount of
limestone is added to the charge, but at
present a very acid slag, rather thick, but
giving a good separation, is flowing, but
very careful handling of the furnace is
imperative.

The bluff on which the smelter stands
is sand, but the top and face of the dump
120 feet high, is being covered with slag
that flows in sand gutters from the rever-
beratories, or is whee!ed out in the usual
slag-pots from the blast furnace ; but in t
short time all s!ag will run from the furn-
aces into water troughs, be granulated and
; then swept out to the dump, which will
I be protected from scouring out by the slag
covering.

In the engine room are one 165H.P. Cor-
liss engine and two 125 H.P. engines each
electrical motors, built by the Canadian
Electric Co. Power for engines is furn-
ished by two Pelton wheels. Two No. 6
Root blowers are now used, but a No, 7
will be needed when the big blasting
I furnace is blown in. Power is transmitted
j by shafting, but mostly by wire cables
I running over large pulleys to different
I parts of the works. However, steam
power may soon be replaced by electricity
, as a plant is to he erected at the foot of
I the dump and supplied with Peltor.
' wheels and water under a 250 foot head.
I On a tributary of the Columbia, not far
! from Trail, a very large water power has
been secured by Mr. Heinze, who pro-
I poses the installation of an electric plant
! for the distant transmission of electrical
energy which may be brought to the mines
as electricity has now become so success-
ful and economical a factor in mining else-

where. At present 200 to 220 tons of ore
per day are now being brought down from
Rossland by the Tramway, but this amount
will be greatly increased.

From 175 to 200 men are now employed
and w»">" "" these improvements are com-
pleted, this smelting plant will be well
equipped and capable of handling 350 to
400 tons of ore daily ; and if the demand
increases, a still larger plant can easily be
added. Again with the increased means
of transpot . and the buildingof roads into
our mineral producing districts, access to
other cla.ssEs of ore may greatly better and
cheapen the process of smelting.

Besides that with the Le Roi, contracts
have been made with the War Eagle, Iron
Mask and Crown Point. The recent re-
fining of and making two gold bricks, one
weighing 250 ounces and the other be-
tween 200 and 250 ounces, has created
much comment throughout the district.

E. S. TOPPING, Esq.

K S. Topping, Ksq., "The Father of Trail*' waa
bom in BufTolk county. N. Y., in 1844. His life if
written with regard to all the data at hand, would
read like a romance. He was a sailor boy at eleven
years of age. He was a contractor on the U.
P. Ry. in 1867, at the age of twenty-two. He was
an explorer and miner in the Yellowstone Park
In the early seventies and was the discoverer of the
Norris Gej^ser basin. In 1874 and 1875, he trapped
and hunted in the Sioux country, and took part
in some Fort Peace fights with the Indians. He
was with Gen. Crooks' expedition as a scout, and
was at the same time a correspondent for eastern
papers.

Mr Topping was a pioneer to the Black Hills,
and was fortunate in his locations and specula-
tion. He returned to Montana in 1883, and ac-
cepted a situation as a collector of facts and as a
writer fur Bancroft's history. He about this time
published a work of his own, entitled "Chronicles
of the Yellowstone." The following four years
wereunprofitably spent in working delusive pros-
pects in the Ccjcur d'Alcnea.

Mr. Topping came to Dritish Columbia in 1888.
He had the misfortune to meet with an accidental
gun-shot wound in his wrist, which laid him up
for some months, and exhausted his ready funds.
Nothing daunted, he began work as a fisherman
as soon as he was able to get out, and with one
hand -nly serx'icenble, cleared $100 per month
fislu.ig. He next took charge of a store, and
having become a Canadian citizen, was appointed
Recorder and Constable.

From this time on Mr. Topping's fortunes have
attained a more rosy hue. He has a double title
to the "Father of Trail," in the fact that it was
due to his advice ant' insistance that the discov-
erers of the now famous Le Koi continued pros-
pecting to a demonstration of thetichuess of the
on*, and to the added fact that he had laifl out and
built the now thriving town ot Trail, the firM
town in the Trail Creek district.

The town of Trail is most advantageously sit-
uated, not only for a trading point, but, as well
fur smelter.i and for manufacturii.g sites. It is at
the mouth of Trail Creek, oti the Columbia river.
The town is connected «ith the mines, sevtn
miles distant, by the C. W. Ry, and wiih all out-
side points by steamers on the Columbia. The
largest industry yet ill operation at Trail is Mr.
F. A. lleinxe's great smelter. A nnmbtr of other
industries necessary to a mining section, have
been eHtablished, and the town divides honors
with KosHland as a trade center ; but it will pro-
bably be as a manufacturing and smelting point
that Trail will excell all other places in the
Kootenays.

In concluding this \oo brief sketch, it should be
added that "The Father of Trail ' owns and oc-
cupies one of the finest residences in the town,
and is one of the most prominent, popular ond
esteemed citixens nf the district.

ons of cire
down from
his amount

1 employed
ts are com-
U be well
ing350 to
le demand
»n easily be
sed means
if roads into
s, access to
f better and

i, contracts
Eagle, Iron
recent re-
i bricks, one
He other be-
has created
le district.

Esq.

r of Trail" wan
44. His life if
It hand, wouW
ir boy at eleven
tor on the U-
-two. He wa«
owstone Park
incoverer of the
i875, he trapped
and took part
; Indians. He
as a scout, and
lent for eastern

ie Black Hills,

s and specula-

883, and ac-

facis and as a

about this time

Chronicles

g four years

delusive pros-

ed '

unihia in 1888.
an accidental
laid him up
ready funds.
Bsherman

and with one

00 per month
if n store, and
was appointed

1 fortunes have
1 a doubli; title

that it was
lat the discov-
onlinurd pros-
richness of the
adlnid out and
Trail, tlie firs-t

tageously sit-
, hut, as well
, sites Itisat
oUmihia river,
mines, sevtn
wiih all ont-
tunihia. The
Trail is Mr.
umbtr of other
section, Imve
divides hijuors
lit it will pro-
melting point
places ill the

ch, it should he

owns and cc-

liil the town,

nt, popular and

Pcctiacnt, HON. GEO. E. FOSTER, M. P^ laU Miniiter of Finance, Ottawa, Ont. Secretwy. LEO H. SCHMIDT, Ro«Und, B. C

EDWARD C FINCH, Gcn«al Manager, RoMland, B. C

Silver Queen Mining Co,

(LDWrTED LIABIUTY.)
HEAD OFHCEt COLUHl-JIA AVENUE, ROSSLAND, B. C

Hon. Thomas Mavnb Daly, Q. C,

late M. P. and Minister of the Interior.
Kdwaru C. Pinch, Mining Operator.
Richard Maxwell, Mine Owner.

DIRECTORS.

Hon. Geo. B. Poster, m. P.,

late Minister of finance.
William P. Havward, Mine Owner.
C. C. WOODHOCSB, Jr., Mining Engineer.

CONSULTING ENOINEER-C.C. Woodhouse, Jr., M

JosBrn B. Dabnrv,

Presidep* ' -eystone Mining Co.
Leo. H. Schmidt, Capiulist.
R. W. Grigor, Capiulist.

CAPITAL.

$1 ,>S<>iOoo.oo; ahares, par value $1.00
each; treasury stock $350,000.00.

MINE.

The Silver Queen; location: Cariboo
creek camp, Slocan mining division. West
Kootenay, B. C.

TITLE.

All four claims have been surveyed
for a Crown Grant, which has been earned
and applied for, and will be issued at once.

DEVELOPMENT.

A total to date, August 10, 1897, of 160
feet of tunnel and 70 feet of open cut; a
cook house, bunk house and camp; a
blacksmith shop, ore dump end ore bunk-
ers have been built, and a great deal of
prospecting and stripping done.

SHOVtflNO.

Two well-defined leads, one of which
has been traced for about 3,000 feet, carry-
ing great width and strong values.

ASSAYS.

From jaot. to 400 oa. silver, trace to
I180 gold, small percentage of copper and
lead.

PROPERTY.

Four full claims, via.: the Black Pox,
the Red For, the Grey Wolf and Black
Diamond mineral claims, on Sncw creek,
in Cariboo creek camp, Slocan mining
division of West Kootenay, B. C. Recorded
at Nakusp, B. C,

CroucKiTUniiel-

CrosscHtTn

Ore

'ookhome and Camp
tulNo. I ^elevation djtoc/frl
Blatksmilh Shop
Ore Bunkers

Silver Queen Groti]).

Scale: I in.~Kooft,
Cariboo Creek Camp, Slo-
can Division, West Koot-
enay, B. C.

TRANSPORTATION.

The output of the Silver Queen will
find its way to the smelter via the Colum-
bia river, which is but a few miles distant
on an easy down grade. Upon this great
artery of commerxre, and but a few hours
distant from the Silver Queen mine, one
large smelter ind refinery is in operation
and another is under construction. Others
are projected, and a brisk competition for
the ore output of this vicinity does and
will exist, thus assuring a minimum
charge for its treatment.

FACILITIES FOR WORKING.

An abundance of timber suitable for
all its needs is on this property. A small
mountain stream crosses the Black Fox
claim near the mouth of tunnel No. i,
affords an abundance of water for general
purposes, while the turbulent Snow creek
near by offers a plentiful and never-failing
source of power for concentrators and
other machinery.

PLAN OP WORKING.

The plan of working the property as
laid out by its engineer, and now being
systematically carried out, is In keeping
with the magnitude of the proposition,
and consists of an elaborate system of tun-
nels, shafts and slopes, together with a
concentrator on Snow creek for treating
the low grade portion of the output.

INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.

A Great Mine.

C. C. Woodhouse, Jr., the famous mining
engineer and mineralogist, after making a tho-
rough examination of^ the properties of this
company, was interviewed by a representative o(
a prominent eastern dailv, and expressed him-
self for publication as follows: "I think the Silver
Queen is one of the best mining propositions
I ever saw. It is not a case of hunting for ore,
it is one of mining high grade ore from the start.
Upon the estimates 1 nave made I find the actual
cash value of this ore to be aliout $65 per ton.
The cost of mining, shipping and treating it
should not exceed $30 per ton, IcaWng a profit
after all expenses and charges of about $43 per
ton. I predict that it will develop into one of
the greatest mines m the Slocnn district."

A Very Large Shipping Miiu.

The Rosslander recently said: "All indications
go to show that the Silver Queen has a very
tiromlsing proi»erty, which will develop with
only a moderate expenditure of money into a
very large shipping mine."

Of the Company's Capital Stock

350,000 snores nove m pu in me neoruiy

For the purpose of providing a Develop-
ment Fund. The proceeds of the sale of
this stock can be used for no other purpose
than that of placing the property on a ship-
ping basis, purchasing machinery, etc.
This Treasury Fund, despite the extensive
development which the property has al-
ready received, is still intact. The Com-
pany have now decided tu place on the
market a block of

50,000 snores d mis stock oi Ten cents per snore

It is good I It is remarkably cheap I Send
remittance through the Bank o( Montreal at
Russland if you wish, or send direct to the
Company. Address

KDWARD C. FINCH, GiiN'L Managrr,

Box 78, Rossland. B. C.

Looks Exceedingly W^elL

Thomas H. Praser, the noted South African
expert, who now represents Scotch capital in
British Columbia, recently visited the Silver
Queen, and in an interview for the Seattle Post
Intelligencer he spoke as follows of this property:
"The Silver Queen group is showing up exceed-
ingly well. The width of the lode is about 14
feet, of which several feet is solid mineral going
high up in the hundreds in silver and gold.
Development is being pushed."

A Silver and Gold Proposttion.

^ipeaklng of the Silver Queen the Kossland
Miner recently said: "It is n silver and gold
proposition, the ore carrying good values in
those metals with a small percentage of copper
and lead. The main lead opened to a depth
of about 14 feet, carries five feet of ore acroaa
which many samples have been taken, the
general average of which have lieen 96 3.5 ounces
silver and overf^-oo gold."