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X c GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA IIOBKRT TELL, M.D., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.8., DiRErrou. 11* *! REPORT GEOLOGY NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE AREA IXCI.IDKI) IN TlIK MAP OF THE CITY OF OTTAWA AND VICINITY R. W. ELLS, LLB., F.R.S.C. OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1901 No. 741. RoBKRT Bell, M.D., D.So, LL.D., F.R.8., Director, Geoloijieal Survey t,i Canada. Sill,— I beg to 8ubn>ort, in connection with hin work in the areas along the Ottawa risir, wMle large collections o( fossils have l)een made through zoic fonnationH arc (i^fetient in the district from the base of the Potsdam sandslonu t» «*« Medina, and most of these are highly fossiliferous. The area '- n-wnrxh ■•\\ about Ottawa has been affected by a grtiat series il n which have produced complications of structuri' througli ^ - foldings of the strata. Some of these dislocations are iinri .1 displace- ments, but several are of greater vertical extent, -. ting all the formations to the to.) of the Lorraine. That other overly; :2 formations at one time existed in the area, may be inferred from ti resence of Fiiriiiatii>ii» r>'|)rrt(t. \n« inclixlw] in iiii«|i uiiil rf|«>rt. l«.Ut*d patohM of nd itMlM. now fmUiik upon th« Lorraine, and rH»rded m of M^lin* .ff*. Thw. oatcrop. of th* Medina are, for the Bwmt part, i.ituat4»d a ihort iliitanc* to the louth eaat of the map>iheet. but oi. . ,m.ill ar«a of the r^i shale* U found in the bed of a brook near the Novih Mat angle. Much dilHoultjr ban been found in the attmnpt to aecarately map the •everal geoloifical boumiarie* throughout the arra owing to a very wide- ipreMi mantle of drift. Thi. con.i.u largely of ilay and .and, the thiolcneM of which ii in «jniH placft yerj great. Thi. featurf> will be readily leen from tho detcription of a nuralier of bortholM mode quite recently in the country wuth of thn ( >ttawa river. The area of the ma(»-ith«et ipt ir,0 »(|uare roileH, the city of Ottawa being taken aa the centre. It incluilet in the province of (iuel«.o portion, of the town.hipH of Mull and Templeron, and in Ontario' which he. to the wmth of the Ottawa river, a largo part of the town- thip. of Gloucester and Nei^an, with ninall por^i.. * of 0,«oo.le Cumberland and March. The Ott^WH river Howh riia«onally acroH* the area from K>uih-wert to north east, while the southern half in traversed by the lower part of th.- Uideau river, which joins tli.- Ottawa in that part of the city known as New Winl.urgh. The northern portion u also traversed by the Oatineau river which enter, the Ottawa oppo- •ite the lower part of the city, an.l by the Blanche river, which joins It near the e.i.>,tern limit of the map. Uoth these streams for the greater part of thiir course flow throuuh the region occupied by the crystalline rocks, while the Ottawa an.l Rideau traverse the Pah.woic area. The country south of the Ottawa is wenerally le -el or slightly undu- Rsilwny liiuH. lating. It is crossed by several Hues of railway, including the Canadian Pacific (South shore), the Ottawa and Prescott branch and the main line of the Canadian Pacific west of ',he city, by the New York and ( Htawa southward, an.l by the Canwia A tiantic (()., .\. ,1- P. S Ry ) westward. The area north of the Ottawa i^ also trav.-rsed by ul Canadian Pacific (North shore), by the Ottawa, Northern and West (G. V. Ry. ), which follows the west bank of the ( Jatineau river far some miles north, and the Pontiao and Pacific Junction, a part of the latter system, which follows up the north side of the Ottawa. For convenience in determining future measurements, the following lists of elevations along the principal lines of railways which radiate from Ottawa city may be given. They have been furnished through the courtesy of Mr. James White, geographer to the Department of Elevatiuna sfaoVH ii»>n- level ^1 IKTIIODUCnOll. 7 .* th« InUrior. Tbi>n< ara thrM rmilwif Rlstion* in th« city, viz., th« Ct-ntrai, wtih Ml ulavktion of '.'13 f)«t »hov^ wM-lcvet, locftt' i iit Happen briiJgt>, tha Huumx Htre«t (tntitHi, ilH) f«atiou. AlonK th« CauailUn Paciflc (Houlh • .^e»), tKa rlfvationa of tli>< laiuHlmii princi|ial xta*.ioni annc milti Mwt . atXi I> t. l!tl I'.T •-•m ?r> Mitiniiiii, Ij'n iiiilw fii't •J.ii Bfttrlinn.k utiiti.iii •,'»'.» Hciilli liiilinii, jtiiictiMii witli K;li .. (ffit'iti* crtt-k . K^Ktiniiii >Catliiii . Tht latt«'r point in 22^ niileH eoxt of the Central Station, Ottawa. On the New York nnd (.)ttivwa railway, altto starting from the smne station, the elevati' •un ui a : Nfw Y.irU ;tii 447 This point is 27, ""j miles from the Union station. At"ant?c, (). O" *•»« Canada Atlantic, O., A. and P, S. railway, starting from A.&P.H. Ry. the Ci-ntral ate,tion at 212 feet, we have : Feet. Kl^m street .station nig ClnnuliiTe.liinction on Rochester street 20*! Crossing of < )tt.i«a and I'rescott hi inch at 207 feet 229 Kunimit, 3,'!, mile.s west o-i, Cnissing of Richmond ro.,d oor. South March station 22r. 28.5 Carp station „ll This point is 22^*^ miles west of OtUwa. All these roads traverse the area south of the Ottawa river 'J INTRODUCTION. 9 O Of the roads which cross the Ottawa and traverse tlie northern portion of the map-sheet, the following may be given : — Canadian Pacific Railway (North shore), starting from the Union f|anadian station, at 175 feet. Hhon-). Feet. • )ttawii rivtr, bridKe 18S Hull Btatiou 18".l (tatinr.'iu river, hriil^e IHl i tatin*'.iu ntittiuii 174 KaMt Tt'iiipleton Htation !.*)!» C'n)»»ing iif Bluiiclif river l.Vt L'.Vn(f(- (iurdien west, station IM Crtwrting of Lievre river lK^ BiickinKliaiii station \Xi This point is 20J miles east of Union station. On the Ottawa, Northern and We.stern railway, wo have the Ottawa, f-li„,„. „ . Xiirtliem null following :— Western Feet. Ironsides st.'ition Iff2 Cn)s»inK of stream, half a mile east r.l4 Chelsea station :il'Ci Summit, h mile north :vXt depression near the (iatineau, 1 ,", miles north L'SS Kirks Ferry station 2!)4 Suiitmit 2A miles north :M'i3 Cascades st;ition ;<04 Patter«(»n creek crossinff ;U7 Rockhtirst station , 327 Wakefield station . . H^ti ((iat.Val.Ky). 1,. ! #1 This point is 21 yj miles from Union station. On the Pontiac and Pacific Junction railway, same system, startinj; P^mtiacand Dw from the Central station at 212 feet :— tion'raii'«""y. Feet. Interprovincial bridjfe lIKt Hull st.ition 103 iJesclienes station 198 Aylnur station 217 224 214 215 211 2i:\ 2:!2 22t> 275 Crossing of l>r(H>k 1.^, miles '.vest. Crossing of Breckenridj^e cn-ek . Bn'ckenridge station Tremlilay station Eanlley staticjii Parker crossing? Mohr station t^uyon station = M 10 o OTTAWA AND VICINITY. I I Boriiifjs. Provisidiial boundaries. Boring nc KiinisayH ComiTM. Kiickclitfi rang.-. liftrings nt .\l..ntriMl rua This point is 23 miles west of Aylmer station. These levels are given beyond the limits of the map-sheet, including a radius of practically twenty miles from the several stations in the city. They will serve as a basis fur future work for local observations in working out the surface geology of the listrict. In this c(miiection it may be mentioned that the depth.s of the over- lying clays and sands has been ascertained over quite a large area by means of numerous borings. These have in many cases been sunk to the underlying rock in the search for water or in explorations for gas or oil, work for this object being now carried on at several points in the area south of the Ottawa. This widespread area of drift has interfered very considerably with the exact delimitation of boundarie.s in the district lx)th to the north and south of the Ottawa river. In certain cases therefore the exten- sion of the formation lines is necessarily conjectural and must be held to be subject to revision as new data are obtained. ar -\mong the many borings which have been put down through the drift n the area near the city may be mentioned that recently made by a company now boring for gas and oil in the township of Glouces ter, a short distance south of Ramsays Corners, on lot 18, range VII., Ottawa Front. Here a thickness of 1«G feet of clay w^s passed through, underlain by eighteen feet of gravel which rested on the de- ritle nuded surface of the Lorraine formation. At the new llockcliffe rifle range also the clay deposit near the Ottawa river has a thickness of 169 feet, beneath which there were ihree feet of gravel before reaching the rock, which here is presumably the Chazy shale. Of former borings in the district se\eral lecoids have been handed to the writer through the courtesy of the Hon. Senator Poirier. The principal of these have been summarized and may be here given. ■ar Thu.s at a point about five miles north-east of Eastman Springs the drill passed through 125 feet of blue clay. Another boring near the village of St. Joseph d'Orleans had 121 feet of clay, and yielded a strong overflow of saline water, and a tiiird boring on the road be- tween Gloucester and Cumberland, about two miles .<;oHth of Orleans village, reached the rock at fifty feet, with a (low of fresh water. In the southeast corner of Gloucester township the clay has a thick- ness of 110 feet. On the road to Greens creek, about four miles from Cummings Bridge, the blue clay is 125 feet thick, and near the line between Cumberland and (iloucester, about one mile from the Mon- ^] INTRODUCTION. 11 U treal road, the thickness is 160 feet with a strong overflow of fresh water which was also found in iseveral other wells in the vicinity. One mile north-west of Veighton, on the property of Alex. Murray, the clay has a depth of 1 14 feet, with very salt water, and at the bot- tom aljout five feet of gravel was found. South of this about one mile, in the north-west corner of Kussell township, several holes were bored inwnohip. to depths of sixty to seventy-tivo feet, passing through red clay with an underlying gravel and yielding fresh water. At Cumberland village the depth of the clay was found to be eighty feet with two feet of gravel at the bottom, while several other wells in the vicinity show the gravel to be absent. At Sarsfield in an area from about one mile north to two miles south, the drift was only forty feet thick with twelve feet of gravel at the bottom. Three miles north of Barsfield the drift ranged from twenty-five to thirty feet and had an underlying gravel, yielding fresh water. Near Bearbrot)k several wells ranged from seventy-five to one hundred feet in depth, with the I'""'''""''- gravel at the l>ottom. This is probaV)ly underlain by Lorraine or Utica. In order to show the wide areas of this drift a few notes of bfirings further east may be given. Thus in the township of Clarence, one mile south of Rockland, boiings at several points gave a thickness of K<"gklond clay of seventy-five to one hundred feet, with (■ij,'hteen to twenty inches of gravel at the bottom. At Plamniond, ten miles south of Rockland, one hundred fci't of blue clay with a heavy stratum of """""'""'■ quicksand at the bottom. At Cheney, two miles south of this place and four miles north of South Indian, on the Rockland branch rail- ""'"•*y- way, three wells gave 103 feet, including twenty feet of quicksand at the bottom. In the vicinity of Cobbs lake, several holes showed 110 feet of clay but no „'ravel, the lower part passing through black clay which ^"^'^^ '"*"'• probably represents the top of the Utica shales. On what is known as the Brook, five wells gave depths of 130 ti) 13i5 feet, wiili nine to ten feet of gravel at the bottom. At Wetidover near the Ottawa river, the clay was 160 feet deep. At Pendieton, south of this and near the South Nation river, 113 feet of blue clay with two feet of gravel, were found. At Plautagenet village the clay was ll'J feet thick, with saline water, and a short distance east of the village of Curran, two wells gave 1.50 feet of clay with four feet of gravel, yieUrng saline water ; while on the north bank of the Nation river, at the ferry to Fournier" ville, the clay had a depth of 180 feet, and the borinv yielded (|uanti- ties of saline warpr and gas. Two miles east of this another boring I >fi>^i boring pas.sed ihrougli i feet of clay and also produced saline water and gas. river^ IVmllctimaml I'huitaK'i'it. I fl M 12 G OTTAWA ASD VICINITY. Old channel u{ the Ottawa. ClayH north of the Ottawiu Sand de|iogit8 near the Kideati. Marine shell.x, Mer Bleue peat boft. Gloitcester and 0.xg(*jJi' bt)g8. The records of thexe wells furnish some important information, not only as showing the character of the waters at different points in the district, but as proving very clearly the great amount of denudation which has taken place in the area south of the Ottawa. They seem to indicate that an old channel of the river passed in this direction a few miles south of the city, extending across the area now occupied by the Mer Bleue and thence eastward along the stream known as the Brook, which takes its rise in the bog and joins the Nation river at the great bend south of Pendleton village, a few miles north of Casselman. North of the Ottawa the clay areas while extensive, are pro- bably much less in depth. The range of the crystalline rocks approaches quite close to the river, and rock ledges are seen in close proximity in several places. The thickness of the clay deposits between Ironsides and Chelsea is, however, great. Great deposits of sand also occur at a number of points in the area south of the Ottawa. They are well seen along the Rideau river and for some miles east and west of that stream. Thus in the township of Nepean in rear of the village of Merivale, these deposits are heavy, and large sand dunes are a prominent feature. These sand deposits cross the Rideau a short distance below and at Black Rapids about four miles south of Hogs Back, and at one point near the base, or at the contact with the clays, are large deposits of marine shells. This sand is used in Ottawa for building purposes. To the south of Bowesville, east of the Rideau, similar largo deposits of sand occur ovf r a considerable area, and they also appear along the road which skirts the north side of the Mer Bleue, as also in the southern part of the township of Gloucester, near the line of Osgoode. Large deposits of excellent peat are found at several places. The most important of these is that known as the Mer Bleue bo" which lies between the Canada Atlantic and Canadian Pacifio railways, to the north of the road leading to Eastman Spring-s. It extends across into the township of Cumberland and embraces an area of several thousand acres. The depth of the bog in places reaches nearly or quite thirty feet. Two streams rise in the bog, the Brook flowing east has already been referred to, while Greens creek flows from the western end and joins the Ottawa river about seven miles east of Ottawa city. Another bog of large size is foumi on the town line between Gloucester and Osgoode, on range IV., about four milea east of the Rideau. This extends southward into Osgood for several milps, while a third bat apparently shallow bog is crossed by the Ottawa and Prescott railway, several miles south of CI.Rudit-re Junction. GRO.XMilCAL SlBVEV OK CaNAIiA. Vou XII., I'AKT •!, I'WTK II. H. M. Aiir. - I'liutii. lltiiO. M.\RIA (JRAVEL AND SAXIl IX n.lKK. .S(M Til SHOKK Hi;.\lI,(»CK LAKK (ITTAWA. ONT. 'I 11. M. Am'.- I'hoto. 1!XK). SECTION I\ iiAXI) 1>UXK, RIDKAIVII.LK, SOITII OF RlUEAl' l'AXAL. l!| ■fi '] INTROUUCTIOX. 13 .: Rook outcrops awi rarely seen in the township of (:{l.)uce»ter south ^^'^-^^^^ of a line from I^itrim post-olhce east to Blackburn, the southern part of the township being almost entirely drift-covered. The taut exixjsurc in this direction appears to be on the Russell road lea«ling from Ottawa to Eastman Springs, aljout one mile soutli of Hawthorne corner near a church, where the Lorraine shale* and tiiindstone are exposed in a brook, but several outcrops of tli<- Calciferous are seen in the southern part of the township, about two miles east of the Rideau river. The study of the geology of the district has also \>een made more VrnXtM area, dirticult by the presence of numerous faults which traverse the area in different directions. Some of these have affected the rocks of one formation only, but othei have broken across all the formations from the Potsdam upward. An their presence is an important factor in the delimitation of geological boundaries, a brief description of the principal lines of dislocation may be given. Their extension is in many places entirely concealed under the mantle of drift, but several have been tr iced, at least as far as the conditions have permitted. What is probably the greatest ot these is known as the Hull and Jf,\'J^^'^^ Gloucester fault. The eastern extension of this, lying beyond the fault. limit of the map sheet, need not be described, further than to remark that it proceeds westward from Rigaud mountain to the vicinity of Ottawa. This fault has been referred to in the Geology of Canada. 1863, page 116. The prolongation of this fault from Rigaud enters the map-sheet Exten»ion^ near the south east corner from the township of Osgoode. It thence „.ater to follows a north-west course to within four miles of the Rideau river, H'ntonburgh to lot 10, range 3, Rideau front, when it inclines more to the north and ^sses the river in the vicinity of the Canadian Pacific railway bridge. Here, on the south side of the Rideau, outcrops of Trenton limestone are seen near the bridge with a dip of N. 70° E. < 35°. Up stream, this dip gradually increases, till at a distance of seven and a half chains, it is N. 40° E. < 65°. The evidences of the dislocation are visible on both sides of the river. From the Rideau crossing, the line of fault apparently follows a straight course to the Ottawa river in Mechanicsville, being well seen the Canada Atlantic (O., A. A- P. S. Ry.), where the limestones dip on N. 47° E. < 57°, and in Hintonburgh, on the line of the Canadian Pacific railway, with a dip of N. 50° E. < 57°. Along the west side of the deep cove at the little Chaudicre rapids, the Black River Hme- ■ If 14 n OTTAWA AJCD VICIKITY. Fault from Tt'treauvillp north. Inclined •trata. Fault in Noiiean township. Cross fault. •tone s the river to T^trMuville where the limeHtoneH dip N. .IS' E. < 4b°-60°, the strata along the river thence east to Hull being much disturbed and several other minor dislocations occurring in the ar*>a. Thence the fault inclines more to the east ami continue* to Fairy lake, keeping west of the Beaver meadow. At the north-east end of the lake the limestones dip N. 50* R < 50°. Continuing north, it comes against the east flank of the crystalline rocks, about two and a half miles north of the Ottawa, and then apparently turns off at an angle north-east to the Gatineau river, which it is supposed to reach a short distance south of Wrights Bridge, about three miles above the mouth of that stream. It will be noticed that along the line of this fault the strata are everywhere highly inclined. .At the first contact with the Utica on lot 10, range 3, the dip of the Calciferous is N. 35° E. < 65°. Along that part of ita course south of the Uideau, it brings the Calciferous agains^ the Lorraine and Utica, and further north it involves the Chazy, Black River and Trenton, and brings them against the latter formation. In the iescription of this fault and anticlinal given in the Geology of Canada, it is stated that the extension of this line of disturbance is supposed to cross the southern portion of (iloucester and Nepean townships, and to extend westward through Huntley and Fitzroy. In the two townships first named, it apparently affects only rocks of Calciferous age, which occupy the country on both sides of the Kideau for some miles. But in the central part of Nepean, what may be an extension of this line of fracture, comes into view on lot 23, range IV., and here brings up the Black River and Trenton limestones against the Calciferous dolomite and Potsdam sandstone. Thence the fault extends westward towards Hazeldean, and continues along the southern flank of a prominent ridge of granite and other crystalline rocks for some miles. A transverse fault comes to that just described in Nepean township, near the line between ranges III. and IV., lot 22. This affects the Chazy, Black River and Calciferous formations. This fracture extends south- west into the township of Goulburn, where it apparently dies out in the Calciferous. The faults just described are the most extensive in the area south of the Ottawa river. In the vicinity of the city, however, several othprs are known to exist which have had a marked effect in the distribution of the several formations there developed. INTKOOVCTIOK. IS O K OTTAWA AXIl VICIMITV. Hum (itult. Ilark FAultt'd iircii •uuth. Old rifl.' nuige. Down Uke, Billings Bndgr. to th« kouth abuut one itiiU a half milett weal of the bridge over i re«M freek. Thin trnvenM'H all the forniutioiiN from the Chaxy to the L'tica both inclusive, the underlying CalciferouH not U>in)d( expoiied nwing to the olay covering which it heavy towiinJM tho river. Ill the area south of the city along the Pide.iu river, near Ilogx Rack Heveral other fuultM aNo occur. One of thcNi* io Het-n on the east bank of the river near the bridge afniu the dam at the entrance of tha canal where it cutH out a large portion of the C'liazy ami HIack Kiver inieotoiifM. There in in the river at this place a well-detined wharp anti- clinal in the lower ]>art of thuChuzy from which the place evidently take* itH name. This fault can be traced down along the eaxt bank of the river for half a mile, the strata at one |ioint dipping H. (<0 W. <60'. South of the Hogs fiack the continuation of this break can be observed in a small knoll about a fourth of a mile dintant, wh»-re the Itluck Kiver limestone is tilted at an angle of (i.*)', the dip being N. 10° E. The Trenton limestone alongside to the eaxt dips east <4"-I0'. Abovethis along the Uiileau river two other faults are seen which occur in lime- stones of Ulack River or Chazy age, but these are apparently local in character or are so ob8curen"' foMiU are found in them at a nuubnr uf place*. In certain of the ■anda aI»o, marine orfprniams have bern obtnined, am aloo in the inter. Rtrati6i>d graveli. Over large areai, however, thfN« dvponita are apparently barren of organic remains. Among loculitioR where such organiami have been found, though the \rariiu- (■ liat is not r«'gunlenbur(?tl. Hintonburgh, a cutting on the Klectric railway, near the junction with the Britannia branch, shows shells in gravel. They are also found in sand with clay partings, abcut the shores of Hemluck or Mackay lake, near Rockcliffe park, and in a gravelly soil near Chaudii n- Junction, on the Ottawa and Prescott branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. Two interesting ridges of drift are seen in the northern portion of i',,,nliliTri(lg«i Hull. They are crossed by Chaudiere street, from the intersection of '" """• Regent street north. The more southerly is composed chiefly of large block.s of Trenton antl Black River limestone, in br^ad thit masses, and M m I 18 o OTTAWA AMD TIOINITV. Strte. has • brauith of •bout thra* olwini ; th« M)eon ii road* ap largely of bouldan of th« ci7*ullin« nwka, derivM) from the mounUin rldf(« to the north. It it in the former that the murine aheili arn found. Theie ridite* can l>e traced a<'roea the portion of the city north of Lake Flora and are conipicuoun feature* in thia area. Striif are rarely obaerved in the diiitrict The ice movement ia nearly loutherly. They have been noted near Old Chelsea with a ilirection of 8. 10 E. and 8. L'O' K. In ths be' E. ; and on the cryatalline rocka near South March utation, oi. tiie Ottawa and Parry Skmnd riiilway, the courae of the atri »• in ^. 10 R., iind on the shore road half H mile went of Britannia, two wta, the direction being !'. 00' E. and N. 73' E. liKOLO i I II i VowiU The various formntiona n>co^nized in the area includiHl in tho ac- cr'i'panying map may l« thus stated : — MiKlina rerraine ahnles and sandstone. Utica shale, Trenton liuiestono. JMack Uiver limestone. Chazy limestone. Cliazy lihale. Calcifei'ous, mostly doluoiite, Potsdam sandstone. Archii'un. I^irge collections of fossils have been made from the rocks of all llio fonnations in the district, except the Medina, by various of- ficers of the (!eolof[icnl Survey and by «AI!fR rORMATIOX. It) 3t MIDINA tHALIS. The outcro|is of th« McdiiM iadicatad on the inap-th<>ot are but *nwll. Y'"''"" "''' The principitl outlieni are located a ihort diiitaiicn to tho Routh-oant in i>.^^.|.. the direction of Bearbrook. One Nmall armi it, liowevnr, fouiwl noar the Douthern margin of the map, on the fourth lot of the «i^;hth I'ango of Oigooile, where the brook oruawM tlie road to Meti-al(«. Thin place in referred to in the Onolofty of Canada, 18)).t, page 319, under tho head of ITtica and Hudaon foriuation*. The red shales at thin place, ai ttJHo Hiuiitar iihaleH further east, overlii- the I>)rriiine thaleH, and they are identical in character with the rockii clovHod aH Medina in the area eaitt of the 8t. Lawrence river, on tho li^cancour, and dmcribed in the report on that locality in the Annual H(>port, Um>l. Murv. Can. 1887-88, vol. Ill, page 118, part k. No footiila havn lieen found in theae ihalen aa yet, and thnir horizon ia therefore l>aeed on their poai> tion and lithologica! character. At the locality mentioned the ihules do not now xhow at the sur- face which is here drift-covered. The out half a mile east of Bearbrook station, as also on several of the roads a short distance west of that place. They here contain fossils and the structure of the area appears to be basin shaped, of which the northern edge is defined by a curving line along the north side of the Mer Bleue. Southward the basin extends to the line of the Hull and Gloucester fault, and in support of this \-iew a small outcrop of the shales was noticed near the east line of Osgoode, about lot 20, in close proximity to the Calciferous. The breadth of the area in the township of Gloucester should there- fore be al>out eight miles. A recent boring at Ramsays Corners con- firms the supposition that the formation is ba.sia-shaped, and that it has a considerable thickness. This boring, on lot lf<, range VII., Ottawa Front, passed through 204 feet of drift to the grayish shales. In this the drill penetrated to a further depth of 2.jO feet and apparently reached the top of the Utica at about 450 feet from the surface. As the Lorraine probably forms the rock at the surface) since it is seen about one mile to the north-west, this boring would give a thickness of 440 to 450 feet for this formation at this point. This is the only opportunity yet afforded for ascertaining the thick- ness of these rocks in the whole of the area. At an assumed dip of -•J GTICA SHALE. 21 two degrees from the contact with the Utica near Greens creek, and supposing the inclination of the strata to be regular, this would be about the thickness of the formation at the bore-hole by calculation, so that there is no occasion for introducing a fault to account for this thickness in the Lorraine. UTlCA SHALE. The Utica shales differ from those of the preceding formation in the Utira shall-. presence of carbonaceous matter, rendering them fur the most part bituminous, and in their black or dark-brown colour. They underlie tlie Lorraine on the north and north-cast throu]s;hout, and on the west near the city of Ottawa, as also on the south-west till they meet the Hull and Gloucester fault near the O.^goode line. The thickness of the Utica has never been satisfactorily determined, owing in part to the paucity of exposures over large areas, and also to the presence of numerous small faults which affect the shales. These are generally local in extent, but sometimes they continue into the adjacent form- ations. As a rule the rocks lie nearly flat. Allowing a similar dip of two Prdahli- degrees as in the case of the Lorraine, the thickness of the formation '■''"^''"'■'**- in the north part of the basin would not be far from 400 feet, but this in the present state of our knowledge must be regarded as an approxi- mation only, since it may be affected by faults not visible at the sur- face. No section exists anywhere in the area wliei e the actual thick- ness can be measured. While the surface breadth of the Utica m the area compiised by the Exti-nt ui the map is rarely much more than two miles and a half, this is '^"'""'""" much greater in the township of Cumberland to the east. Here the shales spread over a wide area and, between the villages of Russell and .Sarsfield. are exposedat intervals for about eleven miles across thestrike, forming a broad and generally level district, broken only bv low hills. The western outline of the formation is fimud in the city of Ottawa. Here the contact with the Trenton can be well observed on Preston SinuD ana-. street to the north of Dows lake. On the road to the Experimental J",'." """" Farm the breadth of the most westerly exposure is seven chains, and it extends north-westerly across Pre.ston street to a short distance beyond Willow street, a distance of twenty-six chains. The rocks lie in a basin-shaped syucline, apparently conformable upon the upper part of the Trenton on both siiles, the latter here foruiin;,' a low anti- cline. r ■fei 22 o OTTAWA AND TICINITY. Faultt^ contact with Trentun. Western outline uf Utica shalf . Exposures. Area in New Kdinburgh and »t Beechwootl. A second small area of the shales is seen near the north-east angle of the lake. The contact of the Trenton occurs in the piling ground at the end of LeBreton street where there is a well marked fault. This area has a breadth of five chains on the lake and extends north- weat for twenty chains, crossing Norman street and almost reaching Rochester street. The contact with the Trenton on the west is apparently a conformable one, while the line of fault on the east side continues north-wet.u and is seen in a broken anticline just north of the Canada Atlantic railway. Southward the fault can be trased through the lumber piling grounds east of the lake, the shales being in contact with the broken edge of the underlying limestones for some distance. Yet another small area of these shales occurs in this vicinity and is seen to the east of Preston street between Eliza and Poplar streets, beginning about three chains north of the Canada Atlantic railway and extending twenty-two chains north-west. The breadth of this out- lier, which rests on the ".'renton, is not more than three chains at the widest observed point. The western edge of the Utica from the Preston street basin c i- tinues across Dows lake and swamp and crosses the Rideau river a few chains east of the railway bridge. Thence southward it is affected by the line of the Hull and Gloucester fault, and is in contact succes- sively with the Trenton, Black River and Chazy limestones, Chazy shales and Calciferous dolomites, to a point about ten miles south of the Rideau River crossing, where it is probably overlain by the Lor- raine shales near the line between Gloucester and Osgoode townships, on range VII. of the latter. The shales of the formation are well exposed in the area north of Dows lake as also about Billings Bridge, Hurdmans Bridge and along the Metcalfe road in several places as far south as lot 17, range V, Rideau Front, and on a read east from this point between lots 15 and 16, for about one mile. The formation underlies a large portion of Ottawa city but here the outlines are somewhat difficult to trace. Much information has been obtained from time to time, cbietly by Dr. Ami, from sewer excavations, as the rock outcrops rarely appear at the surface. In New Edinburgii the contact with the Trenton limestone is conformable and occurs near the line of Charles street, two streets east of Sussex street. Here the outline of the shales appears to make a sharp curve forming a shallow basin the northern margin of which extends westwai-d along the face of the escarpment north of McKay (iKnuxircAi. Si KVKV i>K Can.vipa. Vol.. Xn., I'.MITCi, PlATK III. II. M. AMI.-Photo. 1!KK). ITKA SH.M.K. KX(".\V.\T10X ACKOSSOM) KIKI.K RAXfiK, OTTAWA, OXT. T • .^Jl 4 -^\ '-^^-Jl^Si Sty-" -'TT-Z^'^^ ■■*• s*- Ss " " '^'■ tt^S^ ti . \ """ijnTniiiiT, -'i-^^' .'"-—T "^'5' - ^^^;!^7^-:i -•r^.; . - • — . . '■ II. .M. AMI.-rilctd. I'.HKI. THKXTON MMKSTOXK. Kut S.E. < 2°-3°, but several low undulations here occur. Thence it keeps to the south of Robillard's limestone quarries for a short distance and then curves again to the north after passing the crest of the hill on the road to Greens creek, where it apparently meets a line of fault one mile and a half west of the road crossing that stream. From this point eastward the northern mar{;in of the basin is largely Contact concealed by drift to the road leading north from Navan village where """^ ^a^a"- the direct and apparently conformable contact with the Trenton is seea at a point three fifths of a mile north of Navan corner, the under- lying rocks dipping S. 50' W. < j°. Frorr New Edinburgh the western limit of the basin can not be well traced, but it has l)een followed as fully as possible from notes of excavations and from occasional outcrop?. It crosses the Rideau river Area in a short distance below Porters island, which is composed of the Ijlack """'' "^y- shales, and thence it keeps across what is known as Sandy Hill or the Sandy Hill, eastern part of the city, apparently not far from the line of Chapel street. It should cross Theodore street near the intersection of Chapel, the part of the city thence eastward to Cummings Bridge being undex'lain by the Utica shale which is well exposed along the Uiileau at this place. The outline of the formation keeps to the soutli of Theodore street for about three streets and then turns west towards the canal which it is supposed to cross near Laurier bri'lge. The shales occupy all the area of the okl rifle range, and cross the river east to the Montreal road occupying all the surface through Cyrville and up to Billings Bridge. In what is known as Centre town, from the crossing of the canal, the Centre umn. Utica shales apparently extend west to the vicinity of Wellington fii„ « 24 o OTTAWA AND VICIHITT. i ! I Fmultetl efaaractcr. FonilK liim-wtoni'. Areax. Street Thence the northern outline curveii to the south-west and the shales occupy the area southward nearly to the intersection of Lisgar with Percy streets. The outline here is limited by the Trenton of Ash- burnham hill which is yell seen on the line of the Canada Atlantic rail- way and in several of the sewer excavations in the vicinity. It however should cross the line of this railway between Bank and Kent streets and cross the former near the bridge over Pattorson creek, extending thence east for about ten chains and crossing back again about five chains north of the canal bridge, whence it keeps north of the canal to the line of fault east of Dows lake The breadth of the Utica basin ai)out two miles east of the Rideau river is not far from seven miles. Attempts to ascertain the thickness of the formation have been ma-le at several points. While the rocks undoubtedly lie in a broad and probably somewhat shallow basin beneath the Lorraine, the shales are affected by numerous small faults, some of which can be readily seen. These are for the most part merely local, but have made the determination of the actual thickness of the formation largely conjectural. The characteristic fos.siU of the Utica are found everywhere throughout the area. At Billings Bridge they may be obtained from the exposures along the small brook in the rear of the village. At the old riHe range, crossed by Chapel street they are abundant in the material r.xcavated for the deep sewer as also at New Jidinburgh. They are found also on the Montreal roiwl, at Cyrville and on the Metcalfe road near Leitriui post-office. From most of these places collections have been made by Dr. Ami and by other officers of the (ieological Survey which have been tabulated. TRENTON LIMESTONE. The areas of Trenton limestone found in this map, though well exposed, are of no very great extent. Their distribution is also largely affected by numerous faults. Generally the strata are in a nearly horizontal attitude or lie in lort- undulations, but when near the lines of faulting, they are often highly inclined. The principal area is in the city of Ottawa and in Hull, whence it extends to the line of the fault northerly from Tetreauville to the con- tact with the crystalline rocks. On the west, this formation is Iwunded by an outcrop of IJlack River limestone which is seen in the villa"e of Tetreauville, and thence north to Fairy lake, where this fault is well seen. I '! . 2 t SI I (2 o > s •< is I: 2 X Pt CQ I v. a: 3i -•] TRBRTON LIMESTONE. 25 O The northern limit of the formation yet recogniml is about two Nor.h«„ il^» nnrtl. «# »l.. r».. ...^ ... . . ■ initmnc I in lurt. ».ii ...I . . ^ ^'....-wu., ,ov recognized is about two N< miles north of the Ottawa river, though a. this area is in place* largely I:,"" "'"""^ drtft-coverpH ilia <>..»» K« « .l- i . '^ * ^ "' , . . »••••-—" "•TO la lu piHces laraeiy dnft-covered. the exact line of .he boundary is to «>n,e extent L jectural. it f^rlll'r riT" '" '^""''•f ."" *^« •>°'''' «>y •» '"»'» which sej«.ratea K,u.U. It from the Chazy, and which extends eastward towards the north end of Leamy-H lake, where it meets the northward extension of the fault aeen on the point east of Oovernor'a bay, near Itoclceliffe park. E-ist of this several faults are seen, and the Trenton is cut out for some distance in the direction towards Ueechwood cemetery. The x, limestones again come into view in the cemetery and continue to the r -T"' Montreal road in a somewhat narrow band with a curving outline to th., fault west of Greens creek. The lime quarries of Mr. IJobillani are in this formation, which extends south of the road for about twelve chains to the overlap of the Utica shales. By the Greens creek fault, the limestones of this formation are pro- bably thrown some distance to the north. East of this they are concealed over a considerable interval by drift, but the area appurently widens, probably through flattening of the strata. The rock again appearing Vuv.n on the road north from Navan, fifty chains from the village, in a " ' wmewhat bold escarpment rising from the clay flat northward, and the formation should underlie this flat to a point within two and u half miles of the Ottawa river, where there is a probable contact with the Black River limestone. The area of the Trenton apparently Ix-comos much broader as the township of Cumberland is crossed, occasional outcrops of the limestone being seen. Along the Itideau river the Trenton is but slightly developed. The a,,.. .1„„. hmestones are seen at the Canadian Pacific railway bridge across that ''"• ""'l- "^ stream below the Hog. B:ick, where they are overlappe.l by the Utica "'"' shales. They are alFected by several faults at this place and also at the outcrops near the Hogs Back, where they are in .-ontaet with the Black U.ver lime-stone, ju.st below and above the dam. The structure of the area along this part of the Rid,.,ui river is somewhat complicated by these breaks, and the details can only !« shown on a map of lar-e scale. Near this place are several large .,uanies in the formation. 0„.ar,„.s Ihose on the Montreal road have aheady been referred to, and the principal quarries in Hull are also in these limestones. In Ottawa city the southern outlines have already been indicated a by the limits of tlie Utica already describe.!. The c!ifT= al.n- th ''^^ '■'- soutli side of the river, as at Parliament hill and Nepcan point as I 26 n OTTAWA AMD VtCIXITT. ■ well M farther e*Nt, »re alio of Trenton limeatone. Along the north •hore of the (JtUwa, lietwren Hull and ri'trBauville, the ttraU are much broken up, especially above the Canadian Paciflo railway bridge, and sharp foUls with faults are seen on this line of i««] IILACK RIVRR LIMUTOill. J7 O Elaetric nilway b«low Oovernor's iMy. The mmn ii of limited extent »nd though the characteristic foaaili of the formatioa have nut yet been collected at thi* place, the fnaturee of tho rockn are liniilar to thmetcry. A fault occurs here which cuts out a part of the Chazy limestone in tho direc- tion of Hemlock lake. From this point the band of the Black River limentone continues east, keeping to the north of the Trenton outcrop in the direction of Ureens creek. It is seen in a low excarpnient to the north of the road past Robillard's quarries, near the summit of the rise adja- cent to the line of the Greens Creek fault. By this fault the formation is supposed to be thrown to the north Dinlncntiunt. about twelve c-hnin» ; hut oast of this place it continues across Greens creek nnd is seen at the end of a short road on thu concesnion line south of the Montreal road between lots 10 and II. The limestont'x also appear along the road between ranges (I an within a mile of the shore. The breadth of the lilack River formation here is about one mile. North of the Ottawa the small area which has been noted as occur- Kxtfiisinn ing at Rockcliffe park, where it is cutoff by a fault, presumably extends ottlwa riv^r north-westerly, crossinj,' the (latineau, though here concealed by drift, and terminating against the fault which is supposed to strike south from the north end of Leamy lake. West of Hull these limestones ai;aia appear in Tctreauviile near TvtrpauviUi-. the same line of fault, the strata being niucli tilted and broken near ii 38 o OTTAMTA ARI> VIOIHITY. Arfa north nf Aylmir. the conUct. The dip of the ilriita itt this place U N. 55° E.<4a'.. RO'. Northward the furmation extonda weat of the lieaver meadow thowiDg in broad ledKm north of the AylrotT road, in the direction of Fairy lalie. Further weit it rwU v^^n the Chaxy liineiifine if tb* area cast of Aylroer. North of thia place and capping the riljio there ii an outlier, itliout twa mile* in lenxth, liy one and a Imlf in breadth, of roughly oval -hape. The rocks at thia place pas* upwani into the ImuhI Iwdtt of the fronton proper. Recepliuulite, being found in the highest portion, th^H^^"* Mouth of the OtUwa river the continuati.m of this or»n, after rivpr crowing the ri»er into Mechaniosville, where it i* n/^n along the went side of the deep inlet near the Little Chaucli.re rapids, continues in a widening belt to the line road between the river range of lots and Ilmtonburgh those in Nepean proper ne,ir City View. Tlie roi-ks apparently under- lie the whole of the Kxperimental furni west of tlio OtUwa and Pres- cott branch of the Canadian Pacillc railway, ,ind are well exposed to the weat of Hintonburgh near the iimin line of the Canadian PaciBc in broad ledges. They form a liold cBciirpment to the north of City View post-otlice and are also exposed in a blufT to the south of that place in which a small (juarry is located. Here ti.ey rest conformably ujKjn the Chazv limetttones. Kichmoiiil UoK" ltit>. Along the south shore of the OtHiwii river they occupy a breadth of about half a niiie west of Mechanicsville Thence they extend across the Richmond road, their ccmtoct will, the underlying Chazy being about three-fifths of a mile east of Westljorough. Near tin- Hogs Rack these Minestonns vU. appfiir iti u narrow out- crop on the east side of the dam in contact with the fault at this place, and on the hill side to the south. In this knoll to the south, sev(-ral hundnd yards distant, their contact with the Trenton can be ii" k" r;::;!' "' "'^««^^-''''- ^^^^^^ "f H"^ th,.y ca,> al.,. bo seen at several ,,oints on the river. io;id up the oast side of the Uideau river, more particularly in an old .|uarry on lot S, of the second ran^e facinj,' the river, where the fossil T. Inuluim is abundant. They .ij-aiu apjwar on the straight road between run«es II and III, on lots .•. and 4, in an escarpiticnt with an old quarry and in broad led-es in the fields adjacent, and also on lot 23 of the Junction gore near the Uideau river, east of Hogs Back. Heavy fiults occur in this area and they have affected the horizon- tal extent ol' the formation. f Umi/iiiii'Ai m u\¥.\ »r i'^%\i>.\. Viii.. XII., I'AHr •;, |'iAi>: V. II. M. .\MI. -I'll..ti.. l!tl«l, ltl,A«'K IMVKU MMKsroNK CMKK NK\K K.VTIl Wl'K Tn I1KK■] CHAZV LIME8T0NK. 29 o In the eastern part of the area covered by the map these rocks are not seen, but they again come into view to the east of Russell village. CHAZY LIMESTOXB. A separation has now been made between the limestones of the 'hnzy Chazy formation which form its upper portion and the shales and '"'"■"'""'■■ sandstone which constitute the lower member. The principal area of the former is found in the western part of the map-sheet north of the Ottawa river from TiStreauville westward. They are concealed over a Ayl'inr and large portion of their development by heavy deposits of clay and sand. '"''""''• but are supposed to extend north from Aylmer, with a breadth of three miles and a half, or nearly to the foot of the ridge of crystalline rocks which form Kings mountain and its extension to the north- west ; while from east to west llicy occupy the country for about en miles or from Tetreauville nearly to Brcckenridge station, on the Pon ac and Pacific Junction railway. Along the north shore of the Ottawa the iiinestones appear from Tctr.anville beneath the Black River formation in nearly horizontal strata and "'"*■ continue alonj,' the shore from a point just west of Tetreauville, for ii mile and a half to the underlying shales. West of this with a curving outline the southern mjirjiin should I).sch..n.«an(l cross the road from the AyliiK-r roiid to Desclienes, al)out midway he- ■^>''"'"' ''"'"'• tween the latter road and tho Eloctric r.iilw.iy. Theiu-e the outline continues north-west and crosses the Aylmer road iliree-fourtlis of a mile east of the town cf .\yIiii<.T, and the contact with the slialy por tion of the formation is seen on the road north of this place at alxjut the same distance from the main street. The course of the contact with the shales is thence apparently ''""''- side of the Ottawa near the crossins,' of the Kardley township line, and, keeping a few chains to the south for a couple of mi!e.s, it crosses again to the north of this road and the outcrops disappear beneath the drift. The contact of the sedimentary rocks with those of the mountain Contact with range to the north is not directly seen at any known point. It is "^ '"*'' "''"''"• impossible therefore to say definitely whether this cimtact with the granite is by a fault or not, but this seems to be the case, since along the river near Hreckenridgo the Chazy shales are in contact along the shore, as tar as can be a-oertained, with the granite, while further < III I lU 30 o OTTAWA AND VICINITY n 1 ii Areas iioutli of the Ottawa river. Wejtborough Hog8 Back. Coiit.icts. Ruasell. west the Calciferous and Potsdam sandstones appear again near the village of Quyon. The most easterly recognized outcrop of ! iie limestone of the forma- tion of this area is near the brick and tile works on a small creek which crosses the road between lots 8 and 9, ranges III, and IV., Hull township. Fossils are found in these rocks which are dolomitic. This point is abc'Ut one mile south of the crystalline rocks and the lower shales appear in a small brook twenty-five chains north. The Chazy limestone of the area west of Tt'treauville crosses the Ottawa river in a band with a surface breadth of about one mile. On the south side of the river it contains the large quarry from which the cement stone for Mr. Wright's works is obtained. The limestones are in low undulations at this place with dips of two to three degrees. The ((uarry is rather more than half a mile from the end of the road to the river at Mechanicsville, above the Little Chaudiere rapids. The west- ern line of the formation is seen near the point on which the old Skead mill was situated, where it passes down into the shales. Thence south the limestone band occupies a considerable area along the Canadian Pacific railway and is seen about Westborough. Good exposures are visible on the road leading south from this place in an escarpment cut through by the Electric railway, the dip not being more than two degrees to the south. They form an area rather more than a mile in breadth to the south-west of the P'-.ck River outlier at City View, and follow that outcrop round by the south, turning to the east again and coming to the Rideau river. *ielow Hogs Back, where they are exposed below the dam and in ' of the stream near the road crossing ; they are here fossilifer^ iresuniably re- present the transition beds between the shales a. . ...estones. East of the Hideau river a small area occurs near the line of the Hull and Gloucester fault, overlain by the Bhick lliver limestone. The Chazy limestone apparently terminates along this break at a point about three miles and a half south-east of Hogs Back. It is also seen at the corner of the road between ranges II and III, with that west from Chaudiere Junction. Here there are several faults and the lime- stone is exposed aloni; the road south in cuttings and in the hills on either side. The inclination of the Chazy ne ''..is place is about eighty degrees, the contact with the Utica shale oaing on the east. The Chazy limestone is not seen in the eastern par' -if the map sheet except along the Montreal road already describet* It however out- crops along the Castor rivei at the village of Russell a short distance ••] ClIAZr SHALES. 31 o east of the limit of the sheet and here contains the characteristic fossils of the formation. CHAZT SHALES. The shales which form the lower part of this formation are generally C'linzy xlialea. grayish in colour v-th shades of green and have a sandy texture. Occasionally beds of sandstone occur, and these become a coarse grit at the base. Reddish shades are seen in the shales along the Ottawa river at several points, with interstratitied thin bands of limestone in the upper portion. Th-^y form a well defined belt of sediments rest- ing conformably upon the Calciferous, the upper member of which also becomes shaly in certain areas. So'ue of the limestone bands in the Chazy arc almost indistinguishable in character from certain por- tions of the Calciferous dolomite. As a rule the shales are in a nearly horizontal position, but near the lines of fault they are often highly inclined as in the outcrops below Hogs Hack and to the south. Eust of Ottawa city these shales can be well seen on the south R.ckrliffe shore of the river at Rwkcliffe park and for several hundred yards ''"'"'^' to the east and west of the Gatincau ferry, where they form a cliflf along that part of the Ottawa, extending to the old wharf in the cl ly flat at the east end of the park. They here form an area of about three fourths of a mile in width till tliey are overlapped by the lime- stones. They are well exposed nlraut the west side of Hemlock lake and also on the several roads leading south from the river to the Montreal road. Although the south shore of the Ottawa below l{ockcliffc park is clay-covered, it is supposed the shales occupy most of the area nearly to Cumberland village. In the area west of Greens creek M,.„tr.al roao they are concealed by clay, but they again appear along the Montreal ^^l';;" "''"•'"'' road below (Jreens creek, the contact with the limestone keeping'"^ " near this road for several miles eastward. At Orleans village, they appear in a small brook north of the road and are capped by the limestone which shows in a hill between this and the river. Thence on the road to Cumberland they may be seen at intervals and are well exposed in the escarpmeiit.south of the latter village. Near the wharf they rest upon Calciferous dolomites and shales. West of the city and north of the Ottawa they come into view on De.tl.^nes. the shore about two miles east of Deschenes mills. They are well exposed along the line of railway to Ayimcr in numerous cuttings, the 32 o OTTAWA AND VICIXITY. We8thorou(tli andBritanniri Aylmer. strata being nearly horizontal. Thence they form a band nearly one mile in breadth past the town of Aylmer where they are well developed and continue westward as a narrow belt to the cove below Brecken- ridge station. At the Aylmer Electric park they are bounded on the side next the river by a narrow margin of the Calciferous which extends west from the Cedars for several miles. Along the road west from Aylmer and also on the Pontiac and Pacific railway exposures are numerous. South of the Ottawa the eastern limit of this area appears at the point by the old Skead mill at Westborough. The shales are seen along the shore west of this place past the village of Britannia where they are well exposed and the new excavations for the Metropolitan Power company are in this rock at Britannia point. Cuttings in the shale are also seen along the line of the Canadian Pacific and Electric railways. Fossils are sometimes found in calcareous bands in these shales, and collections have been made in the rocks about Aylmer especially by Mr. T. W. E. Sowter. About half a mile above Rocky point, which is on the west side of Britannia bay, two miles west of the village, the shales are probably in contact with the underlying Calciferous, since the latter are exposed along the beach at several points a short distance further west. South of Britannia the shales and sandstones occupy a considerable area. Along the line of the Canada Atlantic, (O., A. & P. S. railway) they are seen near the crossing of the Richmond road whence they ap- parently bend to the east and form a belt a mile in width extending to the Rideau river. They show on the road from City View to Jleri- vale and there is an outcrop seen at !ow water on the Rideau river Kideau riviT. about one mile below Black rapids. The area of the shales increases in width as the Rideau is approached, and on this stream it has an appar- ent breadth of several miles or t'rotu Iwlow Hogs B.ack to the contact with the Cakifertms above that locality. At the former place its extension eastward is terminated by the fault from Hogs Back which extends along the east side of the river below the dam, and the anti- clinal there is in the upper portion of the formation. Further south the shales are seen on the road between ranges II and III of Riileau Front, where they are concealed southward by the limestone, but they are supposed to come to the surface again alwut two miles further south and should reach the prolongation of the Hull and Gloucester fault about lots 10 and 11 of the fourth range. The thickness of the two divisions of the Chnzy may be stated as about 110 feet for lli'^ ^!:;i!f;< v.rA 100 feet for the limestone. riouth of City Vii'w. South of HuKx htxk. Tliickncss -] CALCIPBR0C8 AND POTSDAM. Uq There is no break between the Calciferous which is for the most pai t Calcifiroun a dclomitic limestone, and the Potsdam which is a sandstone. There ■'"' I'"'"*'"'" are from twenty to thirty feet of transition beds in which the sandy part of the latter becomes more calcareoun and it is from this portion that most of the fossils which have been described as Potsdam have been ootained. East of Ottawa city on the south side of the river the Calciferous rocks do not appear at the surface till within a short distance of the village of Cumberland. It is supposed however, that following the sinuosities of the Chazy a narrow margin rests upon the south shore in the vicinity of Greens creek though the thick deposits of clay have eflTectually concealed the rock outcrops. On the north side however the characteristic dolomitio limestones of T.in,,ieu.n the formation are exposed at several points, notably in the vicinity of "'"'"• East Templeton and along the road westward to near Wabassee creek. They here form broad ledges for some distance, with a low dip to the south. They pass downward into sandstones of Potsdam age which form a prominent escarpment about "00 paces south of the Canadian Pacific railway west of Templeton station, an;rally white in colour and in the form of pegmatite dykes. A second band of limestone occurs on lot 12 on the Mountain road and extends north to the Forsyth mine which is located in ttiis belt. On the road past the iron mines it has a breadth of a little more than a mile, and is separated from that just descrilied by an area of granite and gneiss, a fourth of a mile in width. Small irregular areas of the limestone are also ''pen on the Mountain road, south of Kingsmere, on lots 20 and 21, but iiieir extension north- ward is affected by masses of granite and pyroxene in which are located several important mica mines. On the road from Old Chelsea east, several small outcropw of the limestone are seen, but their areas are small and irregular, their dis- tribution evidently being influenced by granite masses. On the road north-cast from Old Chelsea to Kirks Fer'y a narrow band li the limestone occurs which widens out at *^Se Gatineau to nearly half a mile. This band crosses the river in the direction of Cautley, where it is sect! oa the road to Wilsons Corners. MICA. S7 o Eiut of ths OstinMU then are kIro several other (inall bands. The Limeatimim most important of these traverses ranges I^.. X. and XI. of Hull uitiin-air township, from lot 2, to lot 8, where it comes to the east bank of the river. A Hraall and local outcrop is also soen on the east side of the river on lot 7, range VIII, and further south a larger band appears near Wrights Bridge, and extends north-easterly for about a mile, though what may be a narrow oxtenNion of the same is viiiible near the post-oliice of Quinnville. The eastern part of the sheet, where not covered by drift, is largely occupied by gneissic and granite rocks. Several small and narrow bands of the limestone occur to the east of the Blanche river, in range IV. of Templeton, which extend probably towards Donald- son lake, west of Buckingham, beyond the limitx of the map. The area in the northwest angle of the map, in the direction of Meach l.-ikc. Mench lake, is largely granitic. In places this rock i.s foliated, but over a considerable extent this feature is lacking. Mines of mica, apatite, iron, baryte and felspar are found at points throughout the district which will be described under the head of economic minerals. ECONOMIC .MINRRALH. The mineral deposits found in the crystalline rocks north of the Ecoiiiunic Ottawa have been known for many years. .Some of them have been """"'^ " referred to in early reports of the Geolojjical Survey, and hove l)eeu described in various papers to the scientific journals. They include mica, apatite, graphite, asbestus or chrysotile, iron ores, baryta, felspar. In addition, however, there are other econ- omic deposits found in the Palieozoic formations which are also of great importance, such as the limestones of Chazy and Trenton age, which have been largely used for building stone and for lime and cement, the shales of the Utica which form an excellent stone for roadmaking, the granites and diabase rocks well suited for macadam, the overlying brick clays which occupy a large area, shell marl, min- eral waters, etc. mi a) -■£• MICA. Of the minerals found in the older rocks probably the most import- ^I'"* "leiiosit*. ant at the present time are the deposits of mica. Along the Oatineau, in a l)elt several miles in breadth on either side of the river and ex- sa o OfTTAWA AMD TIOWITT. Kinpmeru miDM. Geniiuill mine. Nellif iiiid Blauchi'. tending northward for more than one hundred miles, thie mineral ie found, often in tuch quantity aa to be of great economic value. Among localities in the limits of the map may be mentioned several mines situated about one mile xouth of Kingsmere. The principal de- posits at this place are owned by Brown Bros., of Cantley, by Mr. Fleury, of Kingsmere, and by Fortin & Gravel The mica at all theste mines is found in masses of pyroxene which out the gneiss of the district and form part of a prominent hill which ■lopes abruptly to the Mountain rood. The mica is dt>velope years. On the west Hide of the i latineau, in addition to the mines mentioned near Kingsmere, several other deposit* of mica lire found, Among these may be mentioned thoHe to the north of Old Chelsea and about Kirk's Ferry. This area is an interesting one for the study of contacts and the mineral is found at a number of points. In the hillx west of the Old Chelsea brook which flows past Cham- (>M Chtlxi herlain's houtte at that village, the country-rock is for the most part -^ banded red and gray gncisH, in places with block bands. These arc cut by many dykes of pyroxeni> and granite, the former carrying; some- times small quantities of dark mica and considerable deposits of red apatite. At one point there in a great moss of pyroxene crystals generally of small size. The quantity of mica as yet found in this hill is not large. A little further along the road to Kirks Ferry and a little west of it is the Scott mine. The rock here is aluo a reddish gneiss and a dyke of pyroxene cuts across the strike carrying crystals of red apatite and amber mica. The gneiss strikes north-east and dips to the Houth-eust. The amount of mica found here is also small owing probably to the small size of the pyroxene mass. In the Scott north pit the banding of the gneiss is well defined aneautiful ornamental stono Red apatite is also seen. I Iii»I>('r. lines near Among other localities where mica is found in small quantity in this ^n, vicinity may be meatione<^l lot 15, range X., Hull, in pyroxene cut- •••'• *^'"'''*»- ting gneiss, and lot 1 7, same range, in pyroxene and calcite, with a 40 OTTAWA AKO VICIXITV. 8»r| *"••'»■• Kirka Ferr}-. MiHiiitniii cork. CiPiinoM' mine. ■nwli quMitity of grMn »p*tit«. Noma of the pyroxtM in tht» arM ii ftliuoat black, in which om« th« oontiinod niio* b«comei very dark- coloured, and m a nil« it may bt lUted that the darker the containing rock the blacker the mica. la thi- bill back of the Old CheUea church the reddi«h and gray gnoiw in alao cut by pyroxene dyke^ An opening here ibowi* many ■mall oryiiUli of dark mica, and there in alxo at thin place a iroall ex- poeure of rpiioselarite similar to that found at the comer of the road to Kingimere near Chamberlain* houae. Near tliin corner the ery»Ulline limwitone outcrop* in large ledge* and in uerUin portion* there are •mnll irn-srular vein* of chrysotile with .erpentinp, apparently of no economic importance. The (erpentinixed limestone re>.eml>le* the rock at the >wbeatu* mine near Perkinn Mill* back of Templeton. Numerou* *mall dyke* of dark diabase also occur in the rock* of this area. On the road to Kirks Ferry the limestonp is cut by *mall dykes of pyroxene and .small crystal* of mica, smooth and of good colour are *een at several point*. These have been worked to a limited extent but the quantity of mica appears to be small. At Kirks Ferry several mines have been opened and worked. Among these are Haycock's old mines on loU 12 and 13, range XI., Hull township. Some fine crystals have been obtained from these places, but work ceiwod several years ago. The mineral occurs in the usual way in pyroxene which cut» the gneiss. The latter strikes north east with a southeast dip. Bands of limestone also occur in the vicinity, and in a cutting on the Oatineau Valley railway in front of the falls on the river, the contact of several intrusives can be well studied. In this cutting a vein of mountain cork was found several years ago but this has apparently been all extracted. In the mica pit west of the rood, several dykes are found. Calcite occurs with the mica and fine aggrei^ations of crystals of mica and pyroxene can be obtained. At one of the openings the pyroxene in the cutting is capped by the gneiss. On lot 14, range XI., of Hull, (Connors' mine), banded red and gray gneiss occupies the side of the ricge facing the Oatineau river. This U cut by small cross dykes of pyroxene from one to three feet wide, which carry mica in numerous small crystals, much of which is, how- over, badly crushed. At the contact of two small dykes many small crystals of red apatite a-« seen with others of greenish shado.s. Small quantities of red apatite are also found in nearly all the openings. At ^] ArATnc. 41 o one pit ne.r th« north end of the location, mic. from ten to twelve Inche. ,n di«„,et«r »m ol»erved, but no pink ckite w« .een at thi. place. On lot M. range XII, « short ort,int a-sset shoul.l the market price advance sufH.iently to render its handling practicable. There do.-s nit appear to be any of the great pockety masses such as occur in the Lievre district at High Hock and other points in the vicinity. The mineral in the Gatineau district usually occurs as crystals in the calcite with which the mica is frequently a-ssociated. This mineral, as a rule, occurs in pyroxene dykes, often of large size M.Kje .,f which cut the gneiss and sometimes the limestone of the Grenville "^"'"' •"= series in all directions. The principal localities at which it has been •^''^Kae-s found along the Gatineau have been described in the preceding chapter "'"""' on mica, but there is one other place at least where apatite was exten- sively mined some years ago, on lot II, range V., Templefm town- ship, known as the Electric or McRae mine. The country-rock here is a grayish, often quartzose gneiss, with a strike N. 25' E. dipping west < 80*, and this is tut by a large dyke of pyroxene at right angles to the strike of the gneiss. Much work was done by the insullation of an electric plant for drills, lights, etc., and the excavation is lar -e. Other dykes of pegmatite occur about the mine, but the apatite, whrch Ironorec. Forsj-th niine. 42 o OTTAWA AND VICINITT. waa found in large quantitiea, was confined to the pyroxene, and oooura, aa is generally the case, near the contact with the encloeing gneiaa Borings with a diamond drill <>t this place were made to a reported depth of 176 feet in the dyke, and the mineral is said to extend to the bottom of the bore-hole. Work has been discontinued at this mine since 1892, owing to lack of market for the output. IRON ORES. Important deposits of iron-ore are found in the township of Hull, some of which have been worked quite extensively. Of these, probably the best known are the Forsyth and Baldwin mines on lots 11 and 13 of range VT., about two and a half miles west of Ironsides village, and the Haycock mines on lot 1, range XI., of Hull, and lot 28, of range VI., of Templeton township. The early history of these mines will be found in the report on the " Economic Minerals of Quebec," Annual Report, 1888-89, pages 8-12 K. The Forsyth and Baldwin mines occur in the belt of limestone which crosses ranges V., VI., and VII. Of these, the former is on lot 11, and is that from which the ore was chiefly taken. The Baldwin is on lot 13, and has apparently never been well developed. There is a new deposit on lot 12 which has recently been partly prospected by the Messrs. Hibbard, but the value of the deposit does not yet seem to have been fully proved. These iron outcrops are presumably all on the continua- tion of the same fissure. At the Forsyth mine there is a large body of mixed ore, principally magnetite of good quality, with some hK>matite, which fi'is an irregular fissure in the crystalline limestone, and runs a little north of west. The cutting in the old workings extends west of the road to Old Chelsea for twelve chains. In places it reached a depth of over 100 feet, and the ore-body was found to be somewhat irregular in shape, being wide near the surface but diminishing as the depth increased. At the bottom of the main shaft the thickness of the ore is reported at about eighteen feet. Of the large quantity of excellent ore taken from this place, much was shipped to the United States. A portion was, however, smelted in a small blast-furnace, which was erected near the bank of the Oatineau at Ironsides village. The old furnace was taken down nearly twenty years ago, and no work has since been done at the mine except a little prospecting. The ore contained si ^all quaiitities of sulphur and phoiphurus, but uut sulLcieal to Ijo injurious. There is also a small '] FEUIPAR. 43 o percentage of disaeminated graphite. Dykes of granite and greenstone are seen in the cuttings, and the ore-body is prot>ably a large pockety or lense-shaped mass. Eastward the extension of the ore cannot be traced owing to the presence of the clay deposii.: but it has here pro- bably been largely denuded. The ore at^tbe Haycock location is also a mixture of magnetite and Haycock haematite. The] quantity visible has not been found to be as large as """'' at the Forsyth mine, but considerable work was done at this place from twenty-five to thirty years ago and a small forge was erected, the ruins of which still remain. The country-rock is a mi)cture of granite-gneiss and diorite, and the ore is irregularly distributed. Iron ore is also reported from lot 2, range X. of Hull, but in so far as known has never been developed. BARITE. This mineral occurs in considerable quantity on lot 7, range X, of liant.-. Hull. It was worked to some extent thirty years at'o and was then v , i_ ^L -n 1 • n.1 ruiey mine. known as the Foley mine. The vein of barite varies in width from one to two feet and has been traced north-westerly for over lOOyard.s. It has recently been reopened by a .Montreal paint company and a large amount of the mineral has been shipped to that city. Fluorite occurs with the barite in considerable quantity. The enclosing rock is crystalline limestone which is cut by several dykes. Another out- crop of this mineral is seen near the back road on lot 4, range XII., but this has been opened to a very limited extent. FELSPAR. Felspar occurs as an ingredient of the pegmatite dykes which are Fel>.|«r. very numerous in the Archii'an area. It is sometimes found in sutii cient quantity to be of economic value, but generally there is a per- centage of iron which renders it unfit for the manufacture of pottery, and often the felspar is so intimately mixed with (juartz that the separation is impossible. It ha? been mined at two localities n..rth of the Ottawa river. Of Occurr.nc,.. these the principal location is north of the Canadian Pacific railway about half a mile west of Templeton station. The other is on the road leading back from Gatineau point and about six miles from th.' line of railway. The mineral is generally reddish in colour due probably to a very small percentage of iron in iu composition, but this [ asses oflF when the n 44 o OTTAWA AND VIOIKITT, South March ( Strontianite of Ne|x'an, Analy!!ia. rook U burned, and the resulting product is perfectly white. Thero is always a certain amount of generally white quartz in the dykes. The expenses of shipment to the United States market an such as to leave but a small margin of profit Work ceased at both these places several years ago. On the south side of the Ottawa, a short distance south of March station on the Ottawa and Parry Sound railway, there is also a deposit of felspar, the quality of which appears to be excellent. This place is a short distance beyond the western limit of the map- Hlieet. BTRONTIAKITE. This mineral is rarely found in Canada. On the south shore of the Ottawa river a short distance below the road leading down to the old Skead mill, on lot 31, concession A, of Nepean township it occurs in the form of veins, traversing the lower part of the Chazy limestone, which vary from four to six inches in width. The mineral occurs below high water line and thus can only be seen at a low stage of water in the river. It is referred to in the Annual Report of the Oeological Survey, vol. vi., 1892-93, p. 23 b, where it is thus described : " The mineral, which entirely fills the veins, has a radiating crystal- line massive structure, the foci of the several divergent groupings being at either wall of the vein, the radial structure of each group extending thence inward, meeting and interlacing at their extremities with those of the similar groupings of the opposite side of the vein— or, failing that, as was occasionally found tj be the case, and in the cavities thus formed, terminating in radiant groups of acicular crystals of from five to nine millimetree in length. Colour, pale yellow-green, shading into white ; translucent ; specific gravity, at 16'6° C. 3704. The analysis of the mineral by Mr. Johnston upon carefully selected material, consisting of crystals dried at 100° C. gave : Carbonic acid 3054 Strontia 6543 I'™^ 3 38 Insoluble O'lT 99-52 " Strontianite, strontium carbonate, is of economic importance by reason of its employment for the manufacture of strontium hydrate, which is largely used in the preparation and refining of beet-root sugar, and in the extraction of crystallisable sugar from molasses. It is also employed for the manufacture of strontium nitrate, a salt much used in pyrotechny." (Page 31 b, same report.) ■**3 BUILDING MATERIALS. 45 (, Among the Palarozoic rocks the principal economic are confined to the limestones. These, especially in the Trenton formation, have been quarried extensively, both for building stone and for lime-burninK The largest quarries now operated are in the city of Hull, near the Lime-tone Une of the Canadian Pacific railway, a short distance east of Hull ''""''"*•■ station, and at Robillards, on the Montreal road about three miles from Cummmgs bridge. Many old quarries are found which have teen abandoned for some years. Large quarries are also found near Hogs Back on the east side of the Rideau river. All these are in the Trenton formation. Among the largest in the Chazy is that known as Wright's cement quarry on the south side of the Ott- *a above Mechanicsville. Several analyses of these limeatones have been made in the laboratory of the Geological Survey. (See vol. vi., 1892-93, p. 34b.) Of these the following may be given : Wrights quarry (formeriy Mahoney's) Ward No. 1, city of Hull, Hull from the uppermost bed. This has a thickness of two feet. The '""^'""^ material of the same, which is much broken, is chiefly, if not exclusively, used for the manufacture of lime. Structure, somewhat fine-crystalline ; colour, faintly brownish ash- gray. After drying at 100° C.,— Hygroscopic water = 014 per cent it gave : ' Carbuiiate of lime o-.ii- . 1 !Ji W> Anah'ses. " mofpieHia igu „ ." ™ ••• '■'■'■'■'■'■'.'.'.'.'. 016 Alumina Silica, soluble I „.-_ Insoluble matter / 9!) 87 From the third bed, thickness of the same, one foot three inches. The stone employed for buildinsf purposes. Structure, somewhat finely crystalline ; colour, bluish-gray. After drying at 100" C .—Hygro- scopic water = 009 per cent, it gave : Carbonate of lime 9C ■ 25 11 magneiiia 2 18 ., ." ''°" ■'.'..'. 0-32 Alumina qi^ Silica, soluble OO7I 133 Insoluble mutter l-2l/ 10008 -. i 46 a OTTAWA AXD TIOIiriTT. From the fifth bed, thiokncM of uune, one foot two inchen. Stone employed for bailding pnrpoaes. Stracture, fine-orystalline ; colour, bluish-gray. After drying at 100° C.,— Hygroeoopio water -0-07 per cent, it gave : Carbonate of lime 9B19 II maKneaia 1'73 iron 086 Alumina 0'06\ Silica, soluble 009 1 174 l-6oJ Insoluble matter. 99 91 From the tenth bed. Thickness of same, one foot six inches. The stone employed for building purposes. Structure, somewhat coarsely crystalline ; colour, faintly brownish ash-gray. After drying at 100° C. — Hyffroscopic water »0'08 per cent, it gave : Carbonate of lime •I magnesia II iron Alumina. OTi Silica, soluble Inwiluble matter OOT-i . .. 02y .... 1 97J 96 92 1 59 0-26 206 100-82 Chazy limestom of Hemlocl' lake. From an outcrop of the Chazy limestone on the south-western side of Hemlock lake in Rockcliffe park, an analysis was made by Dr. HofiPmann, as follows : — A very fine-grained and compact greenish-gray, yellowish-brown and reddish-brown weathering, massive limestone. After drying at 100° C, — Hygroscopic water = 0*98 per cent, it gave : Lime... 1978 Maf^nesia lOKi Alumina. 076 Ferric oxide 027 Ferrous oxide 171 Manganous oxide 0'38 Carbonic anhydride 2603 Sulphuric anhydride 007 Phosphoric anhydride 014 Silica, soluble 0'60 Water O*) Insoluble mineral matter 3881 99-29 The band from which this argillaceous magnesian limestone was taken has been supposed to be an extension of the beds affording a cement stone, which are worked by Mr. G. B. Wright, on the thirty- 1 I ■**] BDILDIKO MATBRIAL8. 47 q fourth lot of the first cono«uion, Ottaw* front, of Nepean township. (Annual Report, vol. xL, 1900, p. 19 b. A large quarry in the Potsdam sandstone on lot thirty-five of the P't»d»ni fourth range of Nepean, from which the stone for the Parliament q;".^',^"*" buildings in OtUwa was take^ has already been referred to. The quality of the stone is excellent, and in places sufficiently free from iron, to adapt it for the manufacture of glass. The black shales of the Utica formation have been found to make '^^ '"» 'hale- an excellent material for streets. The rock reduces easily to a smooth and clean surface, and has been employed on some of the streets in the eastern part of the city on Sandy Hill. It is also used for walks, as in Major Hill park, and gives excellent results. SheU marl is found in considerable quantity on the shores of Hem- Hhell n,.rl of lock lake near Rockcli£Fe park. It is referred to in the Geological "*■'"''*''''*•'• Survey Report for 1845-46, on page 96, and is there said to have a thickness of five feet, spreading over a breadth of 200 yards, where it becomes concealed by drift. This material is now used largely in the manufacture of hydraulic cement in western Ontario. It was formerly used for brick-making, and many of the old white brick buildings in this city are said to have been made from bricks of which this mart formed an ingredient. It has apparently not been employed for this purpose in recent yean. An analysis made in the Geological Survey laboratory (Annual Report, vol. vii., 1894, page 23, u, in as follows :— " The air-dried material is earthy, slightly coherent; colour, yellowish- white. It contains numerous shells, also root fibres. (After drying at 100° C— Hygroscopic water = 046 per cent.) M^ia':r:::::;:;. :■;;:;;;;::;:;;::::;:;::;:;;;•;;;;;;;; '^:^ An.iy»i,. Alumina. ..'...'......'.'.'. 013 Ferric oxide „,.ju Potaaaa ^ „ J tioce«. soda Carbonicacid 4116 Sulphuric acid ,„ „, , . . , trace*. rnoephono acid nno Silica, soluble „.,, Insoluble niineral water j.^a Organic matter, viz., vegetable fibre in a state of decay, and pro- ducts of its decay, such as humus, humic acid, etc., and possibly a little combined water. 400 99'86 48 o OTTAWA AKD VIOIHITY. Awuming the whole of the lime to be pretent in the form of oarbonkte, trifling quantities of which are, however, present in other forms of combination, the amount found would correspond to 93-29 per cent carbonate of lime. The insoluble mineral matter was found to consist of : Silica Q Alumina and ferric oxide q Lime q Magneaia Alkalies (?) ' ' g 108' MINKRAL WATKR8. Mineral aprin^. Mineral springs are quite numerous in the vicinity of Ottawa. Among the most important may be mentioned those at Eastman, Borthwick's east of Hawthorne, and the Victoria springs, a short distance south of the Montreal road on Greens creek. They are extensively used for their medicinal properties. Brick-yai'ds Fosaila. Lime kilns. BRICK CLAYS. Brick-days are widely developed around the city, and many important brick-yards are in operation. Two of 1 largest of these (Odell's and Graham's) are in Ottawa east, south of the canal. Two others are on the west bank of the canal, a short distance below the Hogs Back. Another large establishment is a short distance south of the road leading from Billings Bridge to the latter place. The brick and tile works of Mr. Wright are on a road which leads north about two miles west of the city of Hull. In the clay deposits at several of these places, notably at Odell's brick -yard, marine organisms are abundant. These include shells, the bones of seals, sponges, etc., of which interesting collections have been made from time to time. Lime kilns are numerous. They are found principally on the Montreal road, at Robillard's, and in Hull, in connection with the quarries already described. APPENDIX Preliminary lists op the organic remains occcrrino in the VARIOUS geological FORMATIONS COMPRISED IN THE MAP OP THE OTTAWA DISTRICT, INCLUDING FORMA- TIONS IN THE PROVINCES OF QUEBEC AND ONTARIO, ALOXG THE OTTAWA RIVER. H. M. AMI, M.A., D. Sc, F.G.S., Auittant Piil(rontolo(/i»t to the Utotogical Surir/i n/ Giwidii. ir i III APPENDIX. U8T8 or FOSSILS TO ACCOMPANY REPORT BY D«. R. W. ELLS ON THE CITY OF OTTAWA MAP. Bi HENRY M. AMI, M.A., D.8c., F.R.8. Caw. Auiiiant PaUmUologut to the Oetiogieal Survty of Canada. IHTRODUOrOBT. The following UsU of orgmoio remMns from tmious looalitiM in the Ottawa district, are aubmitted as evidence obtained in the leparation of the several geological formations of sedimentary origin, comprised within the area of the map accompanying the report, and also to serve as guides to collectors and students of geology and palieontology from whom numerous enquiries are constantly made to the department. These lista are by no memat exhaustive, but ii is confidently hoped that in the near future, more complete and systematic lista of all the species recorded or known to occur in the Ottawa district, will be published. Excellent collections of fossils from the Ottawa District made by the lata Elkanah Billings, Dr. VanCourtland, Sir 'ames Grant, W. R. Billings, James Richardson, John Stewart, and officers of the Geologi- cal Survey department may be seen at any time in the museum of the Geological Survey on Sussex street, Ottawa. LISTS or FOSSILS: PLIISTOCUfE. From Green's creek, south side of Ottawa river, county of Carleton, Ont, six miles below Ottawa city, collected by Sir William Dawson and occurring in calcareous nodules from the marine clays of that locality. 1. Potentilla Canadentit. 2. Drosera rotundifiAia. 3. Acer tpiecUum. 4. Oayluuaecia rerinota. 6. Populus bal$amifera. 6. TKuja oeetdentalit. 7. Potamegeton per/oliatut. 8. " pusillus. 9. Equiietum $eirpoidet. A If 53 o OTTAWA AID TICIRITT. 10. Fontinalit, ip. 11. Fueut or Ulva, ip. 12. Cariet* and Gramineai, Mveral apeoiM. In addition to the, above, Prof. D. P. Penhallow, of the McOill College botanical laboratoriei, Montreal ban kindly detprmined the following tpeciea obtained in oaleareou« nodulea from the ■ame locality. 1. Acer taeehorinum. 2. Alfa, sp. 3. Brtuenia peltata. 4. Bromu$ eiliatui. 6. Cyptraeea. 6. Cartx Magfllaniea, 7. EquUetnm limomtm. 8. " $ylvatieum. 9. Fueu$ digitatui, S. sp. 10. Oryzop*i» cuperifolia. 11. Popultu grandidentata. 1 2. Potamogtion puctiruUuB. 13. " rutilana. 14. PolentiUa Aruerina. From similar nodules found in the clays at Besserer's wharf, along the Ottawa River, below the mouth of Green's creek, the following have been obtained : 1. Betula lutea. 2. CypercK^etr. 3. FucuK digitntu». 4. Hypnum fluilant. 5. Popului balsamifera. 6. " grandidentata. 7. Potamogeton per/olialui. 8. " putillus. 9. " rutilans. 10. Polenli/la Anaerina. 11. Vallitnerta, sp. 1 2. Typha lati/olia (?). From nodules found at Green's creek by John' Stewart, 1893. 1. Macoma fragilis, Fabricius. (<=M. Balthica, L.) 2. Saxieava rugoaa. Linn. 3. L«da {PortUmdica) arctica, Gray. -*) APPBRDU. U O u 4. Cjfliehna Ma or C minula. 5. Balanut nrtnatui, Bnigui^i*. 6. Mallotui villotut, Cuvier. 7. Cotlui uneinatu$, Reinhardt. Prom oreek near the bridge at Cjrville, county of Carleton, Ont Colleoted by John Stewart, 1093. (H. M. A. ooll.) 1. Saxieava rugota, Linn. 2. L»da (Porllandia) arctiea. Gray. 3. BtUanut ennatun, Bruguiire. 4. Mallotut villotuB, Cuvier. From Graham's brickyard, OtUwa Eait. Collected by H. M. Ami. 1. Macoma Balthica, LinnR-us. 2. Maeotna caltana, Chemnitz. 3. Ltida (Portlandia) arclica, Gray. 4. Cylielma alba, Brown. '5. Balanut erenalitt, Bruguiure. 6. Xatica affinit, Gmelin. From risjht bank of the Rideau river, near Manotick road. Col- lected by R. H. Campbell, Esq., 1891-92. 1. Macoma Balthica, Linnit-us. 2. Saxieava nigosa, Linn. 3. 3/ylilm idulij, Linn. 4. BalantM porcatus, De Costa. From Gatineau Valley railway, half mile north of Chelsea station. Collected by W. J. Wilson, H. Nelson and H. M. A., 1894- 1898. 1. Macoma Balthica, Linnwus. 2. Saxieava rugota, Linn. 3. Balanus crcnatua, Bruguiere. 4. Leda (Portland tea) arctiea, Gray. From Odell's brickyard, Ottawa East. Collected by Messrs. Walter and Mortimer Odell, R. I... Burland Harold Nelson, and H. M. Ami, 1889-1896. 1. Thuja oeeiJenlalix, well pruser^'ed branches. 2. Polystomella eritpa^ var. M s orf«WA A»B vwnnTT. if 3. Quin^uetoeidin» tttmnulitm. 4. JfMiMnMMi, ip. of. i\r. foa^iiU. 5. /'e^ytii0f7>Ama foetia. 6. CranitUa Logani, Dswir>D 7. Saehara thganluta, d'Orbigay. 8. £a rugoia linn. 10. JVa«oma Ballhiat, Linn. 11. A'ueu/a ^«nut« (Montagu). 12. Xat^aafiHU, Umelin. 13. Vflutina (Limneria) undata. Brown. 14. Ch nftodomui detptetui, Linn. 15. I'hwa, »p. In addition to th« above tbere were collected by Sir William Daw- ion and membera of the staff of the Oeological Survey, ami dea- cribed in Geology of Canada, 1H63, pp. 916-917, from OrMa'i creek along the Ottawa River. 1. Cyelopteru* lumpui. 2. Cothu, ip. • 3. Ttllina OroerUandiea (Ma-oma Balthiea). 4. Saxioava rugoia. fi. Drotera rotundijolia. 6. Tri/olium repens. 7. Potentilla Xorfogica. 8. " tridenlata. 9. " Canadensis. 10. Aretostaphylos uoa-urai. 11. Poptdns baUsamifsra. 12. Potamogeton per/of iatus. 13. " natans. 14. Mallotua villosus. 15. Gasteroateus, sp. indt. From Wright's brickyard, north of T^treauville, Hull, Que. 1. Saxirava rugosa, Linnaeus. 2. Phoea sp. probably young of P. vxtulina. From Green's creek and ndjacent shores of the Ottawa, in clay nodules, there were obtained by Sir William Dawson and H. M. Ami, the following remains of fossil insects described by Prof. Scudder. 1 . Tenxbrio eali^idimsis, 8c«dd«r, Ont. 1. Betitla luUa. 2. Cjfptraeea. 3. Elodta Canadtntir. 4. Sneyonuna proHratum. 5. Ftteui digitatut. 6. Hypnum Jluitam. 7. PopuUu baltamifira. 8. Potamofft Ion peetinatut. 9. " perfiUattt*. 10. " pu»illu$. n. " rulilans. 12. Potenlilla An$trina. 13. Typha latijolia. 14. VaUianeria spindit. From Green's Creek, Gloucester, Ont. Acer laeeharinum. Algit — sp. 3. Alnus — sp. 4. Bra»«nia p«ltata. 5. Bromtu cilialui. 6. C^irejc Magellanica. 7. Cyperaeea — ip. 8. Drcaera rotundijolia. 9. Elodea Camaderuis. 10. Ennyonema proftratum. 1 1. Eguiulum limotum. f * ii ]V 06 a OTTAWA AHD TICIHITT. 12. Equiselum teirpoiths. 13. " ijflvatieitm. 14. Fontirtalit — $p. 15. Fueut digitatut. 16. Gaylussaeia, — »p. 17. Graminea rennosa. 18. Oryzop$i» atperi/olia. 19. Populus balitamiftra. 20. " ^TYimfeefenfcito. 21. " perJolitUnt. 22. " puiiUus. 23. " ru3. 1. Archeeoerinut mierobasalut, Billings, 2. Dendroerinm aeutidaetylut, Billings, 3. Dendroerinu* eonjugatu, Billings. **J Anrnmnx. gj q i. Oljfptoerinui, tp. 8. Ptrigtfptoerinu* BUlingti, W«ch. k Spr. 6. ArehiaoerintH duidmtm, W. R. Billings. 7. " nriformU, Billings. 8. CUioerinu* grandit, Billings. From BMrer meMlow, HulL H. M. Ami, 1891. 1. Paehydietya acuta. Hall. 2. Pnuopora lyeoptrdoti,, Yuuxem. 3. DolmantUa tetiudinaria, Oalman. 4. Safin«§qu%na aitemata, Conrad. 5. /'/•etomiont/M «aric«a, Sowerby. 6. Platff$trophia biforata, Schlotheim, v. lynx, Eichwald. 7. Conularia Trentonetuit, Hall. 8. BtlUrophon hUobatut, Sowerby. 9. Zygoinra r«eurviro$tra, Hall. 10. OrtkU (Hebertdla) oeeidentalu. Hall. 11. Ataphut pUUyeephediu, Stokes. 12. Calynune tenaria, Cnnrad. IS, DtUmaniU* Bebryx, Billings. From Majors Hill Park, near rustic house overlooking cliff facing the Chaudiei-e falls. H. M. A., 1890. 1. Strtpttlaima eorniculum. Hall. 2. AtnplKxopora ditooidea, James. 3. Dalmane'la tettudinaria, Dalman. 4. PUetorthU pliealella. Hall. 8. Platyitrophia biforata, v. lynx, Eichwald. 6. Rafinetquina alternala, Conrac! 7- " daltoidea, Conrad. 8. Pleetambonitet terieea, Sowerby. 9. Murehitonia {Hormoloma) bellieineta, Hall. 10. Troehonema umbilicatum, Hall. 11. 2Ucenus Amerieanua.Billiaga. From quarry near Rockcliffe, New Edinburgh. V M. Ami. 1. Solenopora compaeta, Billings. 2. Pnuopora Selwyni, Nicholson. 3. Rafinetquina aitemata, Conrad (Emmons). 4. Strophomena ineurvata, Shepard. •I ' if ' 64 o OTTAWA AKD TICIHITT. i From Wright's naw quMrriaa, Hull, H. M. Ami, 1889. 1. Braehiotpongia digitata, Owen. 2. SoUnopora eompacta, BillingH. ■'{. Arthrod«ma pulehtllum, Billinga. 4. Jtontieulipora 1 mammillata, d'Orbigny. 5. Pratopora l^eoperdon, Nicholson. 6. AiteroporitM Ottawaenni, Lambe. 7. Pach^xetyn aetUa, Hall. 8. Ampltxopora or BatotlonM, xp. 9. Gltfploerinuf items. 10. Lingula, sp. 11. Trematis OUatcofntis, Billing^. 12. Dalmanella tettudinaria, Dalman. 13. Or this, sp. indt. 14. Ji(^fine^quina altemata, Conrad, (Emmons). 15. Zygotpira, sp., cf. Z. reeurvirottra. Hall. 16. Cor.ularia, bp. probably n. sp. 17. Cydonema hilix, Hall. 18. Liehas Trenlonentit, Hal>. 19. ■< sp. indt 20. Agapliiu pUUyuphaltis, Stokes. 21. Illaenui Trentonetmu, BillingH. 22. " sp. with very narrow pygidium. From Sussex street, below Hamilton Brothers' office. 1. Helerocrinut nmple,i; Hall, var. CanadensU, Billings. 2. Zygogpira reeurvirottra, Hal! very abundant. From shore of Ottawa river at Queen's or steamboat wharf, Ottawa city. H. M. Ami, 1884. 1. Bythotrephifi flf.cuo»n», Emmons, or B. Kueeuhns, Billings. 2. Patceolns globosug, BillingB. 3. Paehydii'tya acuta, Hall. i. Montu'iiUporidfr, several species. 6. Pleetamhnniteii f«ric«a, Sowerby. 6. Rafinenquinaalternal'i; Conrad (Emmons). 7. Strophoneina iim.rtata, .Shepard. 8. Orlhtt (Datma-iel/a) lettudxnaria, Dalman. 9. " " vecidentalis, Hall. 10. Rhynehotrema inm/uivalvis, Costelnao. 11. Aaaphua platynep/ialus, Stokes. 12. Proi'tut parviHHCuiug,}la,\l. '] APPUIDIX. From RidMu Hall groonda, New Edinburgh. Hardie and H. M. A., 1883.. «6 Collected by T. M. 1 1' 1. 3. 3. 4. S. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 16. 17. 18. 1ft. 20. 21. Str«ptMi» vigUaru, Hall. 27. Calymene senaria, Conrad. 28. Ataphis plalyeephalus, Stokes. 29. Liehtu Trentonensit, Hall. 30. Ceraurut pleurexanthemug. Green. 31. Dalmanitei ecUlieephat 'It, Oreen. 32. Beyriehia, sp. The ahaly and calcareous straU of the Trenton of Governor's Bay, New Edinburgh, Ottawa, and of the first cutting on the Pontiac and Pacific Railway west of the C. P. R. crossing at Hull on the way "*1 APPWDU. 97 o to AjrloMr, belong to one and the ume jeoiopio*! horiioii. The foUowing uUe of the ooeunence of ipeoie* from " The Heap " et Hall, (which material wa* derirad from the above mentioned cutting) and from the Trenton of Oovernor'e Bay, will lerve to indicate the aMooia- tion of speciee at both looalitiea. Lin of FoMiU from the Trenton of Ooremor'e Bay, OtUwa, OnUrio, Md from "The Heap," Hull, Quebec. rr-r»th« nre j r-r»rB ; c-oommon i ro-r»th«r oommon i •-•buixUiit. i r' OoMn Mid S|ivoiM. Author. Hall. ■Schlotheim . Ciwtelnau . . H»ll RnimoM, . . . H»ll BeUntrinM limplejc Billinn . . . Cnnaidal fTairment$. ' Amtlrxopom ducoidea ' Jaiiin Mtmotnrpella Tre>U, indt i " fii6car.n-.fci / ...'.'.'.'.'..'. Biilinm! rl'^urotomana, »p I Ortkoetmt, up TumUpai Ottamiiuit (nobii') " '. .1 Oatimne len^iria 'Omrad. Henoplrunda afflnit, vw Billinn arauru$ plfurexantkemu$ . ... Gnmn Pttryyometofut catlicepkalui Hall •p v. .. tnlermtdiui Walcott Atapkutplatiicepkaltu btokei Btjiriekia, n. sp Iwekilina, n. ap ... . . ,.!]!/ i J 5* I i rr e ic a re re r r re a a ra a rr re c c rr rr re r« rr rr W o OTTAVA AMD VIOIMITr. From foot of olUT, (HUwa river, belwMii QaMo'* wharf And NepMn point. H. M. Ami. 1899. I. B}ftkotr*pki» nteeul»n$. Hall. 3. Bytkotnphu, n. Kp. 3. Crinoidal colunna, not determined. 4. Pratopora lyeoptrdon, (P. Stiu^nx, Nicholnon). 5. PleetambonitM urieea, Howerby. 8. Hafittatquina alttmaui, Conrnd. (Emmoni.) 7. Orthii (Dnlmanella) tfttudinaria, DslniHii. 8. Xhpnekotrema imn/uivalvin, CAntelnAU. 9. Zygofira r«eurviro*tra, HaII. 10. OrOiii (Dinorlhi$) jUmiUUo, HaU. 11. J7nrad. 10. Rafineiujuina alternata, Conrad. 11. Sirophomeiui incurvatn, Shepard. 12. MnrchiBonia {Uorniotoma) jraeiliB, Ha\\. 13. Cyclow.ma, ip. 14. MttrehUonia {Hormottrnta) gracilii, Hall. 15. Aiaphut, sp. (A. platyerphalui), Stokes. i • ; w TBI BLACK RIVKR rORHATION. From Keefer's bluff, near the entrance to Beechworxl Cemetery, township of Gloucester. H. M. Ami. 1. Tttradium Jutratum, Safford. 2. ColHiiiraria Ifalf' Nicholson. Orthi-n fricf .:, ■ ,, Tmrad. 4. Cyrlodor:f.. .;, ,i lurontnsu, Billings. 5. iJfnn' luVi ■ ': y,-Mi';u,na) gracilit. Hall. 6. l'io>.fi-''-:,n " . 'm (...(, Hall. 7. I/elieofvtif^ j'''-,:,uUu-i, Suiter. 8. Acdnoee; ••; ! jstnti, Stok»i. 9. Ataphu*, !ifl. ind<. 10. Bathyunu, cf. B. tjtans. Hall. 11. liochilina, Bp. 12. Ostraeoda (Leperditia and Btyrxchia) several forms. Prom the western portions of lets 3-4, range III, River front, Gloucester, Carleton county. W. R. Billings, 1884. Listed in the Transactions of the Ottawa Field-NaturalisU' Club, vol. II, No. 6. pp. 2.59-260: 1884, by Walter U. Billings, Esq. 1. Stromatocerium mgotum. Hall. 2. Tetradium fibratum, Safford. J ! ■ i i ■i 70 o OTTAWA AMD TiaHITT. 3. Paekydietya acuta. Hall. 4. Ortkit trieenaria, Conrad. 0. Bhynehotrftna inmquivtUvu, GMt«lnaa. 6. Strophonema Trtntotunait, Winchell & Schnchert. 7. Bueania expatua, Hall. 8. " puneti/rom, Emmoiu. 9. " bidor$ala. Hall. 10. OpkiUta Ottawaennt, Billings. 11. IIeetdiompheUu$ Trenlonentit, Hall. 12. Udieotoma planukUa, 8alt«r. 13. Rapkxttoma Prognt, Billings. 1 4. Pleurotomaria tttbeoniea. Hall. 15. Subulitet (Fusitpira) ntbfutiformit, Hall. 16. " " dongata. Hall. ] 7. Cydonema Hallianum, Salter. 18. Murehiaonia MUUri, Hall. 19. " " var. />eraM^/ato, Hall. 20. " {Lop/uj»pira) lielicteres, Salter. 21. Endoc«ra» annulatum. Hall. 22. OrlKocenu bilinealitm, Hall. 23. " midtieameratum. Hall. 24. " amplieameratHm, Hall. 25. LituUes convolann {=L. Americanus, d'Orbigny). 26. Cyrtodonta Canadensit, Billings. 27. " obtusa, Bilings. 28. " Huronentu, Billings. 29. " tuhtruneata, Hall. 30. " tubcarinala, Billings. 31. Ambonychxa orhieitlarit, Emmons. 32. ModiolopsU Trentonenng, Hall. 33. " tnodiolaris, Conrad. 34. " Meyeri, Billings. 35. " Geimtrx, Billings. 36. Ulaewu ovatim, Billings. 37. " MilUri, Hall. 38. Bathyurui extans. Hall. 39. Ceraumt pleurejcanthemiu, Green. From the ridge north of Aylmer, Hull township, Quebec. Collected by T. W. E. Sowter, 1883. 1. Bythotrephis {Chondrites), sp. 2. Stroniatocerium nigoaum. Hall. 1 APPENDIX. 71 a 3. Tetradium JibnUum, S«fford. 4. SoUnopora eompaeta, fiillings. 6. Amptexopora dueoidea, James. 6. Paehydetya acuta. Hall. 7. Ptilodi-tyn maculata,\!\neh. 8. Rafinetquina eUtemala, Conrad, (Emmons). 9. Slrophonema incurvala, Shepard. 10. PltctainlnmiUi) ttricea, Sowerby. 11. Zygonpira rueurvirontra, Ha\\. 12. Afurehinonia perangitlala, Hall. 13. Cyrlodonia Ilurotuttuiu ( f) Billinga. 1 ♦. Cyrtoeera* aneepg, Hall. 15. Aetinoceras Bif/»byi, Stokes. 16. Endoceras miUtitubulatuni f Hall. 17. Oonioceras ancepg. Hall. 18. A laphti s plalffcep/udut, Stokes. 19. Isoc/iilina, gp. From Little Chaudk^re, Ottawa river, Mechanicsville. Collector £. Billing)!. 1. Calapiteia CanaderuiUi, Billings. 2. Streptelastna comicnlum. Hall. 3. Rhynchotrema ina-quivalvit, Caatelnau. 4. Strophomena ineurvata, Shephard. 5. Cyrtodonta inblmitcata. Hall sp. C. PUurotumaria suhconica. Hall. 7. ActinoeeroH Bigtbyi, Stokes, S. OrthnceroH bUinratiitn, Hall. 9. " deeregctvs, Billings. 10. Oneoceras cmistrictum, Hall. 11. CyrloceroH, sp. large form, indt. 12. " sinuatum, Billings. 13. Gonioeera» anceps, Hall. 14. Cyroeeras vagrana, Billings 15. Illirmis Trentonensia, Billings. 16 " ovaliM, BillingN. 17 " Conradi, Billings. From Hog's Back, Rideau river, south side, 11. W. Ells and N. J Oiroux, 1894. 1. Cri'now/a/ columns. 2. Glyptocrinm, large stems, cf, G. priacm, Billings. i\ i - I A I if 5 a 72 o OTTAWA AHD TICINITT. 3. Montieuliporidae, branching forms, of. Batottoma Ac. 4. Slrophonema, »p. indt. 5. Shynehotrema irutquivalvit, Castelnau. 6. Vanuxetnia MorUrttdenna, Billings. 7. Cyrtodonta Huronen$i», Biilings. 8. Pleurotomaria tubetfioe, township of Nepean, collected by H. M. Ami and R. W. Ells 1899. 1. Bythotrepkit, sp. 2. Phytop»i» tubulogum, Hall. 3. Stromatocerium rugonum, Hall. 4. Tvtradium Jibralum, 8afford. 6. Volumnaria ffal/i, Nicholson. 6. Streptelasnui pro/nndum. Hall. 7. Crinc 'd stems. 8. Afonlieuliporidae, two species. 9. Orthu tricenaria, Conrad. 10. DcUmanella lesludirMria, Dalman. ~] APPBRMX. 11. Bnfinttquina altemata, Conr«d, (Eiumoaa) 12. Stropkonema incurvata, iilbepsrd. 13. Jthynchotrimia intequivalvis, CatitelDau. 14. Ct&nodonta naiutm, Hall. 15. Trochonema unUMiecUiim, Hall. 16. Murchitonia, <^. 31. peranffuUUa, Hall. 17. Maclurta, sp, indt. 18. Orthoceras (Actinoeeran) Bigtbyi, ."jtokeg. 19. " annellum, Hall. 20. Cj/rtocerag, sp. indt. 21. Ooniorerxu aneepg. Hall. 22. Ataphta, ap. large form. From a low oscarpment near City View corner, oii Mr. .J. K. Booth's prof. jrty County of Carleton, Ont. 1. Pkytopniit, large radiating form. 2. Mcmiieuliporidae, several forms. 3. StropKotnena incurvata, Shepard. 4. SaJinbMfuijM allemata, Emmoiisi, Conrad. 5. Dalmanites legtudinaria, Dalman. 6. Rhyneltotrtma iruequivalviii, Castelnau. 7. Trochonema unUiilieatum, Hall 8. Subulitet (Fuaiipira) Canadennt, Ulrich. 9. Aetimoeeraa Buftbyi, Stokes. 10. Aaapkut, very large form. THE CIIAZY FORHATIOK. From north side of Ottewa river, shore at Descheties .Vliils. Col lected by H. M. Ami, 1884. 1. Rhynchonella orientalis, BillingN. 2. MonticuliporieUr, sp. indt. 3. OrthU (ffeberlella) imperator, (?), Billings. 4. OrthU (Uebertella) borealis, Billinifs. 5. I'leurotcmaria, sp. or Raphutoma, sp. From Aylmer, Que., collected by T. W. E. Sowter, 1X85. 1. Rhyncliondla, sp., cf. RhynduyiwAla (CaiiMrot(rckia) p/fii,i. Hall. 2. " orientalin, Billings. 3. Orlku (Hebertella) boreali», Billings. 74 a OTTAWA AND VICINITT. From Hog** fiMk, RidMu river, township of Nepean, H. M. Ami, 1890. 1. Columnaria inewta, (/), Billings. 2. Lingula Belli, Billings. 3. '< cf. L. Mantelli, Billings. 4. PUurolomaria {Scalitet) ealyr, Billings. 5. " (;) sp. indt 6. VyrlodofUa, sp. cf. C. hrtviuieula, Billings. 7. Baihyunu Angelini, Billings. 8. laochilina Ottaujo, Jones. 9. Oxtracoda. Several forms sent to Prof. T. Rupert Jones fo*" identification. From lot 8, range IV, Hull township, in a brook near Wright's brickyard, R. W. Ells and N. J. Giroux. 1. Cyrtodonta, sp., probably a now specieo. Hog's Back, Nepean Township, County of Carleton, Ont. From collections made by Dr. Whiteavea, Dr. Ells, Messrs. Gliroux Herdt, McConnell, Mclnnes, Lambe, Moore, Wait and H. M. A Planta: 1. l'