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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Thos^ too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: ata Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvont dtre filmis A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul clichA. il est film6 i partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en bas, en prenent le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. tlure, J 2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 9^ '^-p^lfSIHP^SWW"'*!*"^ " -^'•ll^BpJIPJpppH I 0H i'v- '.'1 lll!'f ] 1 !!i';;j!i 'ii'm I m %i^ i!ll!|il|"i!i! « HISTORICAL ^i-aV-^i-STiiS^J^ tlEIlABYOK ARTHUR w. o;-:nks, ■ . Ni-i. -:|»u CHURCH ATLAS. Consisting of Eighteen Coloured Maps and Fifty Sketch maps in the Text, Illustrating the History of Eastern and Western Christendom until the Reformation, and that of the Anglican Communion until the present day. 4 BY 'it:'' . EDMUND McCLURE, M.A. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OK THE IRAIT COMMITTEE. ;« 1, n ti n : SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING C H R I S T i .> N K N O VV ^iit NOkTUUMIIKKLANU AVKNUK, W.C. ; 43, tJUEEN VICTORIA STKKKT, /I'^t] BKICHTON; iii), NORTH STREET. New York; E. S: J. H. YOUNC; AND Co. 1897. fl^^ ^^5Wf wmmiu mimmtt.'m I' is* HISTORICAL ARTHUR '.■• •' NO, CHURCH ATLAS. Consisting of Eighteen Coloured Maps and Fifty Sketch maps in the Text, Illustrating the History of Eastern and Western Christendom until the Reformation, and that of the Anglican Communion until the present day. msm T HE Christian world of to-day is in great iQ^surc coextensive with thJ nations. In Europe, America, and Australia, Christianity is almost withouKi^^&fs. The Dark Continent is fringed round with Christian communities carrying the banner of the Cross ever deeper into its interior. Asia, and the distant isles which "waited for His Law," hear more fully day by day the Gospel of Christ, and the heathen millioni of the East are brought ever more and more within touch of a power which shall at length win their allegiance, when the vision of Isaiah shall be fully realized : " Lift up thine eyes round about and see ; all they (the Gentiles) gather themselves together, they come to thee, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee." How has all this come about > The annals of the civilized world for the last eighteen centuries will furnish an answer. The history of the spread of the Christian faith, from its humble beginnings in Jerusalem until the present day, may be regarded as furnishing a striking evidence of God's ruling providence in the world— an evidence which, while it strengthens our faith, must invigorate at the same time our hope of the ultimate and universal triumph of the Gospel. Predicted by prophecy, this expansion has been brought about by movements which, seeming sometimes to be purely secular in their issues, have at length been attended by such spiritual results as to impress one with the conviction that the vicissitudes of the Church and the world are leading to one great and definite end. This Atlas is intended to indicate some of the stages of that expansion, and at the same time to show briefly the inter-dependence of ecclesiastical and secular history. The information given on the maps has been necessarily limited by their size and number ; but the main features of the spread of the Christian faith have been, it is hoped, broadly traced, and the allied changes in political geography sufficiently depicted for the end aimed at. Original authorities have been resorted to as far as possible, and the most recent sources of information have been also utilized. The documents and authors quoted are made sufficiently clear in the text, and there is, therefore, no need to give a list here. The coloured maps are based in part upon those of Wiltsch and of Spruner-Mcnke. Poole's Historical Atlas of Modern Europe has also been consulted-as far as it has appeared. Thanks are due to the Church Missionary Society and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel for their kindness in allowing certain sketch-maps to be reproduced in the text. October, 1897. * la ?:^.=i.M^-.■|■^^■■,^■>Jd TABLE OF CONTENTS nKSCKIFTION OK MAP I. \f MAP II MAP III MAP IV. MAP V. MAP VI. MAPS VII, MAP IX, MAP X. MAP XI. MAP XII. MAP XIII. MAP XIV. MAP XV. MAP XVI. MAP XVII. MAP XVIII. The Roman Empire at the Close ok the First Century The conditions of the spread of the gospel-The unification of separate nationalities in th Roman Emp.e-The extens.on of Greek speech-The dispersion of Jewish conir.unities -I ersecutions-The first Chnst.an Churches-The traditional spheres of the Apostles ... The Roman Empire, a.d. 300. The reorganization of the Empire by Diocletian-The Dioceses of the Empire and the subsequent patriarchates -The spread of the gospel in the East-I.s extension to Gaul and Spam— Persecutions— Councils ... The Church and the Empire, a.d. 394-450. The Church greater in extent than the Empire-Heresies -General rouncils The Gothic Invasions and the Church, a.d. 450-622. Rise of the Bishop of Constantinople-Conflict of the" Papacy and ,he Eastern Emperor - nvas.ons of the Goths-The Saxon conquest of Britain-Mission of St. Augustine-Ioni — Lmdisfarnc ... ... ... The Rise and Spread of Mohammedanism -The Empire oe Charles thv Great" a.d. 623-814. ' ' The Sar.icenic Conquests-The Lombardic occupation of Italy- Pepin-Cha.les the Great— The Prankish Empire— E.vpeditions of the Northmen Break-up of the Frankish Empire-The Schism between East and West. \'u 814-1066. ' ' ■ The making of France-The Northmen-The Slavs ; their conversion-The schism between Rome and Constantinoplc-The Mohammedan rule in Spain-The Norman con- quest of England .and VIII. The Rise of the Pap.\cv-The Crusades. ' 1066-1270 The Seljuk Turks-Thc Crusades-The conflict of the German Emperor and the Papacv Ta nT"'hVL7";"'t'""'-'''^ '"^"^''"^^ strife-Capture of Cons.antinopL by' Lat.ns-The Latm kmgdoms m the East-The Provinces and Bishoprics of Fast and West— The heretical communions " The Reformation and the Circumstances lkading'to it. "i. 70-, 555 The end of the Knights Templar-The rise of the Begging Friars-Rival Popes-Popes nd General Councls-Attcmpted union of Eastern and Western Churches-Conquest of Constantmople by the Turks-Indulgences-Rtformaiion ^ ^^o!::Z:^: "°^' ^"^ '— — -■ ^HKISTIANITV TO THE END OF THE Introduction of Christianity into Britain-Early history of the Church in Wales Alban (Scotland), Scotia (Ireland), and England '" vvaies, Alban THE BRITISH Isles, with the Eccles.a,sticai, Provinces. .066-.540 THE SPHERES OF THE BlsHOP OF (ilHRALTAR AND THE BiSHOP IN JERUSALEM - Thi' rrr 7. '"""" """'^'^"^^^ ^ ":°'^'"^«'^ kurope-chkist^n cImi!-:;: ''"':J^!^r °"' "" ''""''" "''kn.land: the' church in the Unite.'. SrviEs i\CilJ *„AN.\DA India and the E.vst Australia and New Zealand Africa Dioceses in England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1897" The Religions of the World Index 12 14 18 20 35 3« 46 7" 71 87 102 110 120 (22 iJi LIST OF SKIlTCH-MAPS IN THE TEXT The Diockse ok Bath and Wki.;,s „ Cantkrhurv ... „ Carlisuc „ Chester „ Durham „ HEREI'ORO ... „ Lichfield „ Lincoln „ Norwich „ Oxford „ I'lCTERDOROUGH ... „ Rochester ... „ Salisbury South Saxo.v ., Winchester „ Worcester ... „ liXETER (Western Section) „ „ (Eastkkn Section; ... „ York „ St. Asai'h „ St. David's „ Al.CiOMA I'ROViNCE OF Rupert's Land, N. W. America The Diocese of Newfoundland „ Guiana ... The Leeward Islands The Windward Lslands ... The Diocese of Nassau : (0 Haham.as, (2) Caicos Islands ... Map of Bengal ... Map of Bombay Map of Chota Nagpur ... Map of Ceylon Map of Delhi and South I'unjad Map of Punjah and Afcuian I-'rontii.r The Dioceses of Madras and Travancore and Cochin, Map of S. India Map of Burma and the Straits Maps of Sarawak and North Borneo ... Map of North China Map of Corea Map of Western Aus'trai.ia ... Map of New Zealand DiocFSE of Capetown Diocese of Bloemfontein Diocese of St. John'.s, Kaffraria, with part of Grahamstown Diocese of Lebomdo, Mashonaland, etc. Map of Eastern Central Africa The Dioceses of Zanziiiar, Madagascar, and Mauritius Map of 'the Nkjer Region Map of Sierra Leone and adjoining Territory 53 S3 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 63 64 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 74 77 81 83 84 85 86 89. 90 91 93 94 95 96 97 99 101 lOI 106 I eg no IIO 112 113 '15 117 118 119 V n\ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. ! V MAP I.— The Roman Empire at the Close of the First Century. The Roman Empire extended at this period from Britain to the eastern shores of the Blacl< Sea, and from the northern littoral of Africa to the river Danube. Roman legions were to be found on the banks of that stream, on the Euphrates, on the Nile, and on the Rhine ; while the Roman eagle symbolized Roman rule at the foot of the Atlas Mountains, and asserted it there as forcibly as at the base of the Pyrenees. Spain and Gaul, and all the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, acknowledged the Empire of the Caesar, whose individual will ruled also over the Mediterranean Sea itself. Social life everywhere felt the effect of this centralizing of political power. Great roads, like the arteries of the body, bore the life-giving currents of imperial trade, and facilitated the intercourse of nations hitherto sundered by diversity of language and by political barriers. The Roman speech was the language of authority everywhere. But another tongue, the Greek, prepared by centuries of cultivation to express the subtlest thoughts of men, was still more widely expanded, and its use extended from the river Euphrates to the Spanish sea- board, taking in a large portion of the shores of the Mediterranean, and stretching up along the coasts of the Black Sea. The writings of the followers of our Lord had thus a wide field of readers, and the good tidings, borne along the avenues of trade and human intercourse, found entrance through this familiar tongue into the ears of many races of men. The world, too, was more or less expectant and prepared for this good news. Jewish colonies had been planted broadcast over the Empire,* and may have infused into the minds * The dispersion of the Jews, which began at the Babylonian Captivity, was continued in Western lands in the time of of many enlightened Greeks and Romans a belief in the unity of God, and, perhaps, some- thing of their hopes of the coming of a Messiah, a Deliverer — a hope all the more easily excited from the deepening misery everywhere, and the utter incapacity of Pagan beliefs to relieve it. The Crucifixion of our Lord was followed by the persecution of His disciples. The inimical Jews had attacked the new community, and, wherever they had the opportunity, forced its adherents to fly. The fugitives from Jewish oppression became the first missionaries of the Christian Church, and thus the enmity of man was the means under God of the extension of Christ's kingdom. The stoning of Stephen, for instance, was the immediate occasion of the Alexander the Great, who showed them special favour (Dclaunay, Phiton iT Ate.xaiidne, p. 2), and we find them at this period, not only in the chief cities of the Euphrates, but also pursuing mercantile callings in Antioch, Ephesus, Tarsus, Seleucia, I'ergamos, Laodicea, Apamaja, Hadrumetuni, etc. The suc- cessors of Alexander were equally favourable to the Jews, and Philo (Contra Apion., bk. ii.) tells us that Heleucus accorded to them the rights of citizenship at Antioch and Seleucia. During the reign of Ttolemy Lagos, which extended over Palestine and Egypt, there was much intercourse between the two countries, and a stream of Jewish emigration set in towards Alexandria, which subseciuently became, after Jerusalem, the most important centre of the r.ice. The navigation of the Nile, and the control of the trade in corn, fell into their hands {Contra Afion., bk, ii,). This w.as the period of the translation of the Bible into Greek— the .Scptuagint, At the time of the Emperor Tiberius it is alleged that the Jews in Alexandria (? Egypt) num- bered a million ! In the Acts of the Apostles (ii. 9), we find them cited as iistantinoi)lein iJ04,tliis patriarch was allowed by Innocent III. (and the Council in 121 5) the • ihis icrm, lirsl uxjil Lcclesi;i>.lic.illy for a patrifirclmte, ur ihu s|iliL'iL' iif a nu'trcipciliinn, liccimc niori; IuumI) tmiiloycil .nflir«aiiU, nml fm^dly ilciioicil only llio ili^liia of a M-liup, whltli li.ll Iw.ii iinvi-.iHKly t;.j!!!;ra!ly c;<.l!-jd l'nn.i-|ii.i (Mauhi, nv. |i. SaH. .iiiil ('k///. I'oloi. .tin/., S4J). first rank after the Roman." The rivalry between the Bishops of Rome and of Constantinople, which began shortly after the transference of the seat of government from Rome to Byzantium (Constantinople), exercised an important in- fluence on the future of the Church. It was natural that the Bishop of Constantinople, being in immediate touch with the imperial authority, should seek to exalt his position, and it was equally natural that the imperial authority should exalt the bishop of the new imperial city. The position of the Bishop of Constanti- nople thus grew more important year by year, and the General Council of Chalcedon (A.D. 451) still further increased its prerogatives, bringing under its jurisdiction the State dioceses of Tlirace, Asia, and Pontus, and thus making the Bishops of Heraklca, Ephesus, and Ca;sarea mere exarchs under the Patriarch of Constantinople. The Council at the same time {causa honoris) added to the number of patriarchates that of the Mother Church of Jerusalem. Thus from the second half of the fifth century there were five patriarchal sees standing in the following order : Rome, Con- stantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. We owe a c^reat part of our knowledge of the history of the Church up to this time to I'^usebius, Bishop of Ciiisarea (A.D. 3I5-340). St. Jerome (who flourished between 382 and 420), Sulpicius Scverus (398), Socrates (440), Sozomen (440), and Theodoret (450). The writings of the great Fathers of the Church, such as St. Cyril of Jerusalem (350-3S6), Gregory Nazianzenus (309 - 391), Basil (360-379), Gregory of Nyssa (372- v»4), Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (374-39«), an'I ■ Vugustine, Bi.shop of Hippo (396-430), furnish further materials for a history of the time. MAP IV. -The Gothic Invasions and the Church. A.D. 450-622. Tin; rise of the Bishop of Constantinoi)le was very rapid. From being a simple bishop, not oven the chief of an apostolic see, but subject to the Bishop of lleraklea, he hail become, in A.D. 451, the supreme spiritual head over three State dioceses, and thus the most prominent figure in Eastern Christendom, As the Western ICmpirc began to fall to pieces under the aggression if the invading Teutonic hordes, from ah. 350 onwards, llic importance of Cunstantinople, iii.*»"»»^"S!MW. HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. IS U the second city of the Empire, became pro- portionately increased. Towards the middle of the fifth century, the Western Empire was virtually at an end. Tho Eastern Emperor at Constantinople now asserted his sovereignty over the whole Empire, although for some time pre- viously he had no real power west of the Adriatic. He endeavoured, moreover, to assert his authority over the Church by exalting his court bishop, the Patriarch of Constantinople. It the Bishop of Constantinople were enabled to extend his jurisdiction, it was the Emperor who really gained by it ; hence the loading of the Patriarch of Constantinople witi honours and privileges. The Church the while became only the more enslaved to the State. The Emperor was in truth its real temporal head.* This was a matter which the see of Rome could not treat with indifference, and hence began its long conflict with Constantinople, or, in other word.s, with the Emperor — a conflict all the more urgent because the Emperor Justinian (a.d. 527-565) had managed to reassert his authority over Italy, Northern Africa, and .Southern Spain, and because the same Justinian, the builder of St. Sophia at Constantinople, was the strong upholder of his bishop's authority. It was not Rome's prerogative alone which was at stake, but the freedom of the Church, its liberation from secular control. Rome was the only so-called apostolic .see in the West, and above all it was the centre of the world, the Eternal City. The decrees of the Councils of Constantinople and Chalcedon, regarding the position of the Patriarch of Constantinople, were protested against by the Bishop of Rome, and a conflict began which was fraught with vast issues. The great ecclesiastical schism between I^ast and West had here its beginning, and the fortunes of Christendom were influenced by this conflict throughout ail the coming centuries. In this schism lay the onlj- hope, perhaps, of saving the Western Church from the sub.serviency of the ICast, and in the providence of God the occasion came when, in A.D. 589, the Council of T I ^- added the /'V7/c were Ariaii>, iicrsuciitfcl (lie CiUlii'lics ill ihis ri'tjidii, aiul ilcprivcMl lliu Catholic bishops nf tlicir scr.s. 'I'hcy inainlaincil ihiii aulhdrily in iNorlhcin Africa lill the timcurjiisliniaii, by whose yciicral, lichsariiis, they were iiiUicoil to i.binisslon in A.D. 53J, and from this limc forward V..- !i-.-ar r.iii!,|i,jT f„rth« r .-.f X'.nridal- in thi^ rc^tuit. Mansi (viii. p. ().|7) nivcs the siniiatiircs o( more than eiyhty bishops uf .Mricn I'roconsularis at the Council of Carthage, held in A. n, 525. I WW-JilJlJ I ^.H Ji^B^ WUjS ^ i iP " -i« ny ' i6 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. France, were still heathen, and so were the Low Germanic tribes settled in Southern Britain. In the 3''ear A.D. 496, Clovis (Chlodwig, and, in its latest form, Louis), King of the Franks, was baptized by Remigius, Bishop of Reims (com- memorated in our Calendar, October i), and his whole people were converted a iow years after- wards (a.d. 504). The Conversion of Clovis was a turning-point in the history of Catholic Chris- tianity. The Franks were devoted adherents of the Roman see, and under pr::tence of zeal for the orthodox religion, Clovis made war upon the Arian Visigoths and defeated them at Vouillc, killing their king, Alaric II. (.\.D. 507). All Gaul — subsequently the kingdom of the Franks, or l*'rance — was then made subject to him, and the Roman see obtained thus a wider jurisdiction, and with it secured the extension of the Catholic faith. The Low Germanic tribes which had invaded Britain in the fifth century did not begin to receive Christianity until the arrival of St. Augustine, sent by Pope G.egory I., in A.D. 597 ; but the conversion of the bulk of the people was, as we shall see, not effected from Rome, but by the Scotic missionaries from lona and Lindis- farne. The gospel had reached Britain long before this time, and Christian communities continued to exist in Wales, the kingdom of .Strathclydc, Cornwall, and other localities. The gospel had been preached in Galloway by St. Ninian in the latter part of the fourth century, and. as Bede says, a stone church had been built by him at Candida Casa, now called Whithorn [Anglo-Saxon, Ilwit = white, and asrn = house]. The Empire made, as has been stated, con- siderable reconquests during Justinian's reign, aided probably by the Catholic clergy, but there was still a large region of the old Empire which did not acknowledge his rule. All Northern and Central Spain was still in the hand.s of the Arian Suevi and Visigoths.* France was occu- pied by the Franks and Burgundians, while the Lombards fvvho were nominally Arians) ex- * Lciiviyilil, King of the WlsI Golh.s, annelid tliu kiiiydoni (if the .Sucvi in A.D. 583, drove b.-ick the Kast Koiiiiins to the co.isl, ami ilffcalcd llie KranUs in their efforts to establish them- selves suillh of the I'yienees. lie left thib esteluled umpire to his son Keccared, who renounceil Ariani ni and beeanie a Catholic ill A.I). 5S7, the ( onntil nf Toledo shortly afterwards (A.D. 5.S9) followin;; his example, .\fter Keirared's death in A.I). Goj, the WcsKiolhiu kingdom lje(;an to iht;inerate, and, after a luindred years ol anarchy, became a ready piey lo llie .Saracens (A.D. 71 1,, tended from the Danube to the confines of Italy, and to the border regions now known as Servia, Bosnia, and Croatia. In A.D. 568, three years after Justinian's death, the Lombards began to pour into Italy, and soon conquered the whole of the north and part of the south of that country. Proconsular Africa and a large part of Italy, including Rome, Ravenna, Genoa, Perugia, and a considerable portion of the south, together with the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, belonged still, however, to the Empire, but its western authority was on the wane. The Greek monasteries, following the Rule of St. Basil (A.D. 363), had, at this time, to give way to the new [Benedictine] Order devoted to the Roman see, and the exarchate began to lose its former hold. The eastern frontier of the Empire was about this time (A.D. 602-615) overrun by Persian armies under Chosroes. He took possession of Egypt, Asia Minor, and Syria, carrying his conquests to the Bosphorus, where, at Chal- cedon, he encamped within view of Constanti- nople. He proscribed Christianity wherever he was able. The Emperor Hcraclius, however (A.D. 623-628), won back aK that Chosroes had conquered. Still these wars weakened the defence of the Empire, which had to meet a new foe now rising in the East— the Saracens. Prior to the period covered by this map, the gospel had extended to Ireland (having been introduced there about A.D. 432 or earlier), and this island soon became a missionary centre, sending out St. Columba (A.D. 563) to lona, to convert the Picts and Scots, and St. Columbanus, a monk of the monastery of Bangor in County Down (founded \.\>. 520), St. Gallus, and others, to the Frankish-Burgundian inhabitants of the Vosges, where the monasteries, Anagrates (now Annegray) and Luxovium (now Luxeuil), were founded about A.D. 602, and a little sub.seciuently another at Fontanas (now Fontaines). St. Columbanus, driven from this neighbourhood, took with him St. Gallus and others, and found his way at length into the region around Lake Constance, in the neighbourhood of which another monaster)- was shortly afterwards founded, called St. Gall (after St. Gallus). St. Columbanus finally passed into Italy, wlieie he founded (A.D. 613) the monastery of Bobium (Bobbio), where he died (A.D. 615). -^'■.',^ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. % Tlie monks of lona carried the gospel into Northumbria, where, on the island of Lindis- farnc, St. Aidan founded a monastery (about A.D. 635). The conversion of the greater part of northern, eastern, and central England owed its origin to missionaries from this isolated spot. MAP V.-The Rise and Spread of Mohammedanism— The Empire of Charles the Great. A.D. 623—814. Mohammed was born at Mecca about a.d. 570. In A.D. 611 he began to propagate his doctrines, and in the year A.D. 6? 2 he was obliged to fly from Mecca to Medina. This is the Hejra (flight) or initial year of the Mohammedan system. Mo- iiammed's doctrines found many adherents, and he returned to Mecca as a conqueror (a.d. 630). At his death, two years afterwards, his followers were numerous and full of enthusiasm. The whole East soon began to feel the efl"ect of this new power. The Greek Church and Greek nationality were among the first to encounter the storm, and to bow before it. Like a stream of fire, consuming everything, the host of Mohammedan conquerors made their way over Asia and Africa. The Hejra was in A.D. 622. In the year a.d. 639, Jerusalem, Antioch. all Syria and Mesopotamia, were in the hands of the Caliph ; in A.D. 641, the Emperor Constans was obliged to purchase the retreat of the Saracens from Constantinople; in A.D. 651, all Persia was in their power, whence they pushed on to India ; by the year a.d. 707, the whole of North Africa belonged to them ; and three years afterwards (a.d. ;ii), the Mohammedans had reached and conquered Spain. A icw j-ears later (A.D. 7^2), they were on the shores of the Loire, ready to spread over all the West, and to crush the Latin Church and Latin culture as they 'ad done the Eastern. Their steps were arrested at this point by the victory of Charles Martcl at Tours (A.D. 732). The Saracens thus cut off from the lunpirc siunc of its most valuable provinces. The descendants of Hcraclius continued to reign for years over the remainder of tlic Empire, but the chief power at length came into the hand.s of Leo the Isaurian (a.d. 718). The Saracens appeared for a second time before Constan- tinople, and he it was who beat them back, and relieved Europe from invasion. Rome and those portions of Italy which had not been conquered by the Lombards, besides the Italian islands, were at this time part of the Eastern Empire, and were ruled by an exarch, who lived at Ravenna. The Bishop of Rome, the greatest personage in the old imperial city, was gradually making his influence more and more felt, and when at length the Emperor entered into direct conflict vv^th Rome— about reverence paid to images in churches-the Popes, Gregory II. and Gregory HI., were able to withstand him effectively, and thus virtually to become independent of him. Shortly afterwards, when Ravenna was cap- tured by the Loml)arcls, and the exarchate thus put an end to, the Pope sought the help of the old friends of Rome, the Franks. King Pepin, son of Charles Martel, the victor of Tours, came' at the call of Pope Stephen III., and reconquered the Exarchate from the Lombards, and bestowed it ui)on the See of Rome (a.d. 754). I'cpin's son, Charles the Great, conquered the whole Lom- bard kingdom (A.D. 774), and was crowned (a.d. Soo) as Emperor of the Romans by the Pope, who, three years before, had openly thrown off the authority of the Emperors. Under Louis the Pious (a.d. 8i4-833)-the successor of Charles the Great-the Papacy made further strides in advancing and consolidating its power, for which purpose it had made use, a few years before (about A.D. 794), of two celebrated forgeries, the False Decretals and the Donation of Constantine. At the time of the death of Charles the Great in A.D. 814, at Aachen, the Trankish lunpire had reached its greatest extent It stretched from the Pyrenees to the Baltic and from the North Sea to the Danube. It included Italy north of a line drawn from Terra- cmo to Ortona. The Slavonic peoples, who were then heathen, occupied at this time almost as great an area. Their possessions extended to the Elbe and Saal on the north, including Bohemia and Moravia, and on the south em- braced Carinthia, Carniola, and the interior of the country stretching down to the Pelopon- nesus. A northern branch extended to the Dnieper .^nd beyond. The territory of the Avars and Bulgars - non- Aryan peoples- i8 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. separated the northern from the southern Slavs. The region on the imperial frontier previously occupied by Teutonic tribes— the Lombards, Goths, and Heruli— was now overrun by these Slavonic and non-Aryan races. The Mohammedan Empire was divided into two independent sections— that of the Khalifate of the Abbasidcs, with its seat of government at ;3agdad, whence the celebrated Hariin-al- Rashid ruled overall Northern Africa— including Egypt— all Arabia, Palestine, Cyprus, and the country to the e-st beyond the Caspian and the Persian G,.if. The other Mohammedan power was that of the Emir of Cordova, who ruled over all Spain— except Asturia and Gal- licia, which formed a small Gothic kingdom in the northern part of the Peninsula. The Eastern Empire had shrunk in Asia at this time to Asia Minor west of the Taurus, and its only possessions in liuropc were Thrace and Mace- donia, with a fringe of coast strctct/ng as far as the head of the Adriatic, part of Southern Italy, together with the islands of Crete, Sicily, and Sardinia. Iceland came at this time out of the mists in which the classical Thule was supposed to be situated, and as it enters into history we find Christian missionaries from Ireland working among its Scandinavian population. The Northmen, about the latter part of tl.c eighth century, began to make descents upon the liritish Isles and the coasts of the Prankish empire. They were still heathen, and their ravages were at first chiefly directed to pillaging monasteries and churches, these depositories oi wealth being special objects of their cupidity ; but at last they began to make settlements, and assert themselves as conquerors. The extension of the empire of Charles the Great had brought Denmark in touch with a Christian nation, and for political reasons it was deemed advisable to attempt the evangelization of the country. At length Ebbo, Archbishop of Reims, who was a Saxon by birth, was appointed at the Diet oi Attigny (a.D. 82:;) missionary for Denmark and the north of Europe. I lis appoint- ment was afterwards confirmed by the Pojje. His mission, which was fairly succe.ssful, was followed by that of Ansgar (A.U. 831), to whom Rembart .-succeeded A I). (,S65 .S.S8;, but Christian persecu- tions raged in that country until the time of Cimt the Great (1014-1035), when a steady develop- ment of Christianity took place. The intro- duction of Christianity into Norway was begun early in the tenth century ; but Hakon, the king (AD. 938), failed in his attempt to establish Christianity in his dominions, and it was not till 1014-103S that the nation received the gospel. MAP VI.— Break-up of the Prankish Empire -The Schism between East and West A.D. 814—1066. The extended empire of Charles the Great soon went to pieces. After the death of Louis it was divided (A.D. 843) among his sons, Lothar, Louis, and Charles— Lothar maintaining the title of emperor— and in the course of the ninth and tenth centuries it was still further broken up. Out of it, among others, rose the kingdom of France, of which Count Otto (or Eude), owing to his resistance to the Northmen, who had settled in north-western France in the latter half of the ninth century, was made king. The Northmen were now a formidable people in Europe. They settled in England, and at length a Danish king, Cnut, became ruler over that country. The?r' dukes in Normandy, which they had occupied since A.D. 912, increased meanwhile in influence from year to j-ear, while princes, descended from the Scandinavian Ruric (a.d. 862), ruled in Russia. The Slavonic races of the North, which had previously- little to do with the history of Southern Europe, now became an important factor in its development. The lands now known as Servia, Bosnia, and Dalmatia, had been oc- cupied by them at the beginning of this period. They had formed settlements also in Greece, and the attacks of one branch of them, the Russians, upon the Eastern Empire, had extended to Con- stantinople itself (A.D. 866). They broke up the power of the Chazars (A.D. 945-972), and extended their sway to the Caspian and the Caucasus. The Bulgarians, originally a Tatar people, but now speaking a Slavonic lan.,niage, had settled in the region to the north-west "of the Eastern lunpire, and b.gan, at this time, to encroach upon it. Under their king, Bogoris (A.D. 8G1), they became Christians ; while, about the same time, the brothers Cyril and Methodius, the apostles of the Slavi, were successful in ^ !' ^ 1^ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. ,9 ofthe 'No'rth ^^ff !f "°"-" '): ^'^^-',<= P^P'- The conversion of Russia went on, but not B b e in^o he Siavn!^.^" "^ T'f'''^ ^'" '''^ ^"'■^'^''>'- ^he Greek ritual was i trodueed afervardsan^ ""^ ^'^^""''■' ^"^ ^^^^^^'^ -"^ convents were fhli 1, ' • ^^4. the King of baptized A.D. 966. and the gospel oreached bapti ed Tll^^^^ '^r'"^ '^^^^ throughout the c'ou/ury; but lWrda(p"s ti.n V f '^''l^°""'^^°S°'-;^h^d received Chris. Lithuania, and the region to the no th were o2, tLiS:: rT ' '^ "'"'r ^° ^^'">" the midnight of heathenism, the a^ni; Koman jurisdiction, the Roman curia claiming of Bruno to preach the gospel there in 1007 ground that the Roman Patriarchate in former No efforts for the conversion of the Prussian' times had included Illyricum. The connection with the Roman sec was of short duration, the archbishop in 1107 declaring himself inde- pendent. The Bulgarians are now in com- munion with the Eastern Church.* Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople, convened a Council of Oriental bishops at this time (A.D. 867), in which the Pope was deposed and excommunicated, and the Roman Church charged with several errors, especially in relation to the addition of the Filioque clause to the Niceno- Constantinopolitan Creed. From this period may be dated the open and final schism between the Eastern and Western Churches. The Western Church was full of vitality— a vitality visible in its missionary en- terprise, as well as in its struggles with the secular power, and the time seemed to have come when, in the providence of God, it should be temporarily severed from the Eastern Com- munion, which appeared to expend any vitality it possessed in wordy controversy. The living were made for two centuries afterwards. The Scandinavian people, as has been said, had shortly after the beginning of the eleventh century all become Christians. Th- '^''-hammedan rule in Spain became more circumscribed. Galicia and Asturia, under th- descendants of the Gothic kings, were incor- porated into the kingdom of Leon, which had the Douro as its southern boundary ; and the kingdom of Navarre came into existence under Sancho L The best part of Spain remained still, however, in the hands of the Omaiyad caliphs of Cordova. The wide Empire of the Abbaside caliphs had shrunk during this period to a small region round Bagdad, the remainder being divided among various Mohammedan rulers, some of whom did not even reco"-nize the spiritual authority of the Abbaside dynast)-. The chief of these was the Fatimite dynasty, which ruled over Egypt from A.D. 907 for some three hundred years. When the Abbaside caliph had been reduced to e.xtremitics, he ,,; , ^, r , .. ' *> v-aiipii uciu uceii reouceci to e.xtremit cs he The Eastern Empire, under Basil L (A.D. 867), The growth of the papal power had latterly now began to recover some of its former power, proceeded rapidly. The Popes had not as Under him the By.antine dominions in Italy at Constantinople, an Emperor always at hand were extended. Cyprus, Crete, and the Pelo- to curb their ambition, and the divisions of the ponnesus were, in the latter part of the tenth century, won back from the Arabs, and during the time of John Zimisces and Basil H. (969- 1025), the Empire was further extended, the Bulgarian kingdom being for a time absorbed. VVestern world furnished them with numerous opportunities for interfering, so as to consolidate their own power, until at length Pope Gregory VII.. the greatest of all the Popes, succeeded "n humbling the greatest ruler of the West, the The Monophysites (Jacobites) now (end of German Emperor Henry IV (1077) II' ninth roiifii.-w\ U^ ,1 • . • t^ ^ . ^ / '• ^ '"-'//; the ninth century) became dominant in Egypt, by the assistance of the Mohammedans. Their number in Mesopotamia, and in the Patriarchates of Antioch and Jerusalem, was also considerable. • For the beginnings of .SKivdnic liccl. IJislory sc-i A.scm.in's AiiliiiJiiiia Etcksia, vols, i., ii. England, from A.D. 827 onwards, was an un- divided kingdom, the royal house of Wessex having given birth to Egbert its first sole ruler. The Scandinavian invasions helped, no doubt, to weld the various elements together and to create a national spirit. C 2 20 HISTORICAL CHUliCII ATLAS. % William of Normaiuly's conquest of the country in 1066 brought about great cliangcs, and among others the strengthening of papal influence over the English Church. MAPS VII. and VIII.- The Rise of the Papacy— The Crusades, 1066- 1270. The Eastern Roman ICmpire, which had reached something of its former greatness under Basil II. (early part of eleventh century), now began to totter. A new power, the Seljul< Turks, who were gradually absorbing the Saracenic con- quests in Asia, had approached westwards to the frontiers of Armenia, which was then an independent kingdom. \\y the victory of the Emperor Constantino II. over the Armcpians in I04S, this kingdom was overthrown, and the buffer state between the Enqjire ;ind the Turk thus rcmovixl. The invading Turks were not long in spreading over all Asia Minor, and by the year 1080, we fmd them establishing their capital at Nic;ea almost oi)pusite Con- stantinople. From this period until 1180 the Eastern Empire was ruled over by three [Meat Emperors, Ale.xius, John, and Manuel Comnc- nus ; but with all their cleverness they could not maintain the integrity of their dominions against their enemies. The Turks on the east, tiie VVallachians (Bulgarians) on the north-west, and the rivalry of the rising states of Venice and Genoa, were gradually preparing the downfall of the Empire. It was to resist the advancing Seljuk Turks that the Emperor Alexius Comnc- nus appealed to the Western powers for aid, and thus brought about the first Crusade (1095). The Mohammedans were making it difficult for the Christian pilgrims, who in increasing numbers went to pray at Jerusalem, and ICuropc became aroused. Peter the Hermit went everywhere preaching the duty of delivering the holy places from the infidels. Pope Urban II. held a Council at Clermont in Auvcrgne in 1095, ;md a Holy War was decreed. It was called a Crusade, and each Crusader wore a cross on the shoulder of his ui)i)er garment to show that he was fighting on behalf of the Church of Christ. In 1099 the first Crusaders— who passed into the Holy Land through Asia Minor— had taken possession of Jerusalem, which was maintained in Christian hands until 1187. The Crusades were the greatest military undertakings of the Midtlle Ages. For nearly two hundred years the best blood of Christian Europe was freely spent to rescue the Christian holy places from the dominion of the infidels, and the military ardour therein displayed was at one and the same time a service rendered to the Western Church and its chief ruler, the Pope. The Crusades, in which again and again the knights of ]. nia, which were then heathen countries, we--;, > ,n- q'lercd and converted by the Teutonic Kniglr.s and the Knights of the Sword (1230 !23;). During all this period, too, the Spaniards were conducting what might be called a Crusade against the Moors in Spain ; and after the defeat of the Moorish leader at Tolosa (12 12) by the united forces of the kings of Castile, Arragon, and Navarre, they went on steadily winning back their old possessions, until at length nothing was left to the Mohammedan power in Spain but the kingdom of Grenada in the south (1276). In the beginning of the thirteenth century a new conquering power appeared on the scene, and modified to a great extent the face of Asia and Europe. The Monguls, under Jeng- hez Khan, set out from Karkoram in Mongolia, in 1 2 18, against Muhammed, Shah of Khuarezm.' Bokhara, Tashkend, Samarcand, Balkh, and Merve were captured one after the other. Three years later (1222) the Mongols entered Georgia, and pushed their conquests to the Dnieper. y\t the death of Jenghez Khan (1227), the Mon- golian Empire stretched from the China Sea to the last mentioned river. In 1235 the Mongols reached Amida (Diarbekr), and overran Meso- pjtamia. In the following year they invaded Georgia again, entered Greater Armenia, and captured Tiflis and Kars. In 1237 they carried Riazan by assault, and Moscow and Kief shortly afterwards. Hungary was overrun by them, and I'esth and Gran in 1241. Another branch at the same time carried fire and sword into Poland, and, after defeating the Pole.= at Lieg- nitz in 1241, pushed on into Moravia, whence they returned to Mongolia. Under Timur they returned to Russia again in 1395, and occupied Circassia and Georgia. A Mongolian dynasty, founded at Kazan on the Volga, ruled over Russia for some time. They are now represented in that country by the Tatars of Kazan, of the Crimea, and Astrakhan, among some of whom Buddhism still holds its ground (see Profes ; Douglas's /r//^'-/;^,7 Khan and his article on the Mongols in Encycl. Britt). The Seljuk Turks began their career of conquest at the time when one of their generals, being called to aid tne Caliph (1055), captured Bagdad, and made his i.ephe"'. Alp Arslan, sultan of a large and grow- ^7 ; •npire. Another Turkish tribe, about 1224, was driven by the invading Mongols through Persia into Armenia. The Seljuk Sultan of the time assigned to Er Tughril, the leader of his '> S' HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 23 .4 O kinsfolk, land on the Byzantine frontier. Er Toghril's son, Osman, was born in 1258, and he and his descendants became so powerful by the year 1 301— when, owinf,^ to the inroad of the Mongols, the Turkish Empire had broken up — that the Osmanlis became henceforward the dominant element in the country.* The growing rivalry between the English and French kings led at this time to the nation- alization of the Norman rulers and to the con- solidation of the English kingdom, although at the expense of the loss of most of its con- tinental possessions. During the reign of Henry II. (i 1 54-1 189) England held— in France —Normandy, Brittany, Maine, Anjou, Poitou, Guienne, and Gascony ; but it had lost almost the whole of them by 1206, although it after- wards recovered (1360) a large part in the south, including Gascony and Poitou. The conquest of Ireland, in 1172, made up in a measure for the loss of the I'rench possessions. The extension of Papal influence during this period was not secured without serious oppo- sition. Apart from the antagonism of the German emperors, and other secular potentates, to papal authority, there was a strong mani- festation of opinion at Rome itself against the temporal claims of the Pope. Arnold of Brescia (1145), at the head of an influential party in the Eternal City, contested vigor- ously against the temporal powers assumed by the Papacy, and the Popes were obliged on several occasions to fly from Rome. Still, in spite of such opposition, and the appointment of rival Popes to which it led, the Papacy con- tinued for some time to increase in power, and more than one secular ruler had, like our own King John, to hold his authority from the Roman Pontiff. It was at this period (1198) that the temporal possessions of the Pope took definite shape as the States of the Church. Before the Saracenic conquest of Asia (seventh century), the Oriental churches in this region were in a flourishing condition. Their lot under Saracen rule was probably not a favour- able one, but they still contmued to maintain an existence. Imperial civilization still offered * The :iaiue Osmaii, tlmt of the founder cif the dynasty, was wrongly pronounced and written Othniaii, whence Ottoman, a Strong opposition to the disintegrating in- fluence of the conquering Arabian nomads, and the same influence was no doubt equally con- servative when the Seljuk Turks absorbed the Saracenic conquests, and became the new masters of Western Asia. When the Seljuk Turks poured into Asia Minor (1070-1 118), the struggle between the rival claimants to the Byzantine throne, by paralysing the energies of the Empire, made the task of the invaders a comparatively easy one. Each of the com- peting claimants for the imperial dignity courted the Turkish alliance, and by the offer of cessions of territory tried to procure the help of Turkish mercenaries ; and in this manner " a large part of Lydia and Phrygia, including the Lycos valley, was abandoned to the Turks by agree- ment of the struggling emperors" (Professor Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, vol. i. p. 16). This region, however, was after- wards recovered for the Empire, and from iiiS to 1 143— that is, throughout the reign of John Comnenus— continued in Byzantine hands {ibid., p. 18). The Crusaders, on their way to Jerusalem in 1 148, marched through this territory, and it continued a theatre of war for some two centuries afterwards, when it passed finally into Turkish hands. Professor Ramsay asks (p. 27, op. aV.)— What became of the Christians of this part of the Eastern Empire ? " How was it," he says, speaking of the Lycos valley, " that in place of several hundreds of thousands (for we cannot estimate the population lower in the flourishing Byzantine times), there remained little more than a thousand in this century? . . . As to religious persecutions, there is not a trace of it in the Seljuk period, and even the more fanatical Osmanli Government has never been given to open persecution, though it made the position of the Christians more disadvantageous and dishonourable than it had been under the Seljuks. It is impossible to avoid the con- clusion that many of the Christians became Mohammedans " {ibid., p. 27). Professor Ramsay thinks that the adoption of Mohammedanism was " voluntary." No doubt the Turk was a tolerant master before he became fired with the spirit of Mohammedanism ; but he naturally became a proselytizer when he embraced the tenets of the Koran. At aiiy rate, \vx- can hardly think that it was a matter of pure choice that caused the 24 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. llic Trond, Mysia, numerous ecclesiastical provinces and flourish- ing Churches, which were in existence through- out Western Asia as late as the eleventh century, to disappear. In an appendix to the works of George Codinus, published in the Scriptores Bynantini (Paris Edition), there is a list given of the bishopric- of the Eastern Empire in the time of Leo Sapiens (a.d. 886). It is entitled by the editor (P. Jac. Goar), Xotitue* Gnvconnn Etiscopatmnn a Leone Sapiente ad Androuicum Palicologum (1283), but the colophon describes it as having been drawn up in the time of the former emperor, a statement whicli seems to be confirmed by internal evidencc.t The list begins with Cappadocia (now Dukha). Ill the rrnwcc of Cafpmlocia— Cccsarca. The Royal ThcniKV. Nyssa. Melhodiopolis of ihc Aniicniaiis. Kamuliaiioi. Cyzicus [? Kokiissos|. In ilie Province of Asia [which iiKlii.l l.ydia, Caria, and PhrytjiaJ- Kphesus [Ayasohik, i.e. ayi,n- daiAoy,,, = S. |(.hnj. Ilypatoi. TralIcs[Aidiii-(;ii/cIhissai]. " . Magnesia on the Meander [InebaiaiJ, Elaea. Adiamytliuni [Kemer]. Assos [liehranij. (iargaroi. Mastauia [Mastavro]. Calues. liruouloi [?Briula]. I'ittamnes. I'hocia [I'hokia]. Aurehopolis. Nys^a (Sullardli^^,■lr|. .Maschacrmie-. MelrupohN. llaretloi. Magnesia. Aiiinatoi. IVrganuini ( lleri,',-,nia|. Aneoi. I'riene [Sani-iin]. Arcadiopoli.'.. Nova Aula. IdvI^ I'nniiin. Aiigazui. Sivlf.'Chioil. Coliiphr.n [1 )(ir-nuMMliri'|. * There arc several other .Vo/i/i,t of all earlier dale which Professor Uamsiy u-es in ///>/. 0>,,^r. „/■../„>, .)///,,„■. v Coplie fniKMienl, giving the hi^hopries represented at Ihc Ceneral I ouiu il of Nice, is puhlishecl l.y ( nrd. I'ilra, S/i.i/ej,: Xr'.swihy, vol. i. pp. 51 J ,•/ j,y. li is lelerred to here as .V. SeAsm. t I'or iiHiaiice, AgalhS Koine i.s nien'lonpd, and Professor l'/. '/,>// /W nf J'/iivLStit, vol, j, p. 2621 llmi " fmin A I). hOy onwards Agatha Konic i^ no longer kn. wii.'' Provitttc of Asia (continued)— Lenedos [Lebedos. Hist. Geo. A. Minor, Kaiiisay|. Teos [Sighajik]. Krythric [Kitri], Clazoiiiena; [Klazoniene]. At.adioi. Theodosiopolls or Peperines [Rrzirmii], Cuma, Pal;copolis. Province of Europe ['I'hraie]— Jleraclea Thracica. Panios. Calliopolis [Ga'dipoli]. Chersonesos [Chersonesus Thracical Cyla. Riedestos [Kodoslo]. Province of Galatia— Ancyra [Angora]. Tabia. Hcliopolis. Asjiona. Herino]iolis. Mizzos [? Mnczos or Minizos = Ayasli|. Kene [Kinne], Anastasiopolis. Pro~vince of Hellespont - Cyzicos [Balkiz]. Oernie. Poimanioi. Oca. Hnieos. Adriani X'cnalus [Adirnas]. Lainp.sacos [Lapsaki]. Ahydos [Nagara]. I >ardanos. llios[? Ilion= Kski-Ilissarlykl. Troas. Pionia. Melitopolis. Province of I. yJia— Sanies [Sari J. Philadelphia [Alashehrl. Tripolis [Denbol], Tliyaleira |.\khiss..r|. Setloi. "iUreliopolis, (iordos* (Gordiz|. Troalla [rralla, exact site not delcnnincdj, Sala. Silaixlos [Selendi). Maionia I Meiina]. Apollinis l''anuin [Palainiil|, Arkanidos. Mustines. Akra.sos. Ajiollonia. Atlalia [SerjiHiJ, Haije [Sirgej. Ilalandos j Illaiindos|. Mcsotyniolos |Mosotiinolos, p. 306|, llicrutusarea. Dalle. Siralonikaia [Jenevi/ Kakh). Ker.iseoi. • Uamsay suggest! (Phris. flisfiopms, u,\. i. p. ^4,,, „ ,.„„. ction bclwecM Uurdos an.l Krassos, ihrough a lorni Kra|.yo-«, t f'''0'S> Kii'i.piiei, vol |Ll I HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. f I I \ J'wiwe o/Lydia ((oniinued)- ■Salaloi. Gabaloi. HennocapClia. Province of Jiithynia— Nicomedia [IsmicI, contracted from Isnikniid]. I'riisa [Brussa], Pra;netos [or Tronectos]. nclcno|)oli.s. liasiiiopolis {al. liasilannpnlis], IJaskylion [Vaskili]. Apollonia [Alnillonin]. All liana. C;vsarca. <;.illos or Lopli,,i (Mii,liirly-sii|. Oaijhmi.sia. Erisla. Nicea [Isnik] Modrina or Mclinoi. J .inuc. Godoserhoi {al. G'irdo-Scrljoij. Niimcricoi. Taios. Alaxiinianai. Pioviihe of Pamphylia— SidC-lEski-Adalial. A^polldos [ruln^, ISalkT/j. Kttcnc. I'^rynmc. Cassoi. Stmnooi. ("aralidi. t'orakissioi fCoracosion = Maya], Siielliroi. Myrabc. Oiiainandoi. Dalisandos. Isyna (? Kioiida - ruins at Isianozj. I.yrhc. < olylirassos. MaiKi'oi. /'/-iir7//(r('/.7r//.v//;',( [? Miiioi I— Seliastria [Sivas). Scbastopolis [SulusC'rai), Nitopolis [Enderfs], Satala (Sadauli]. (.'olonia ll\oiUiliissar|. Kcrisscs l.'Corasris = Kircsiiii-diTC in ridns). Piimiia- of llfUiiopoiitos [I'apldayonia, ilc.j- Aniasca [Ania'-ia|. Amissos [Samsun], Sinopc [Sinoli]. Iliuinoi. An Irapodos (? Andrapa : Iskelil)). Zaliclids or Li'oiilnpolis. /Ola (Zili'J. /Vvrmv of Jniifuia |incUidt's part of ('ap|)ad,n-i;i|_ Mi'Iitlnc jMalatinl. Arca|A,>;a|. ( ociis'ios |t loksiin), AraliOsos I \'arpu»|. Ariarnlhia |al Azi/ic. /list. (;Vo. of .hin .\/iiioi, l<,ihi>n\ Ki'iiniaiina j( nninnB, r\iins ni ,s!inr|. /'roTiiiiY if i 'af/'ihloiiii — 'ryaiiB jniiiis nl Kilissi • hissarl. • Kilissi = Ecek'sln. Wxvtv arc iiir.ny places (ll-itlnpilshcd by lliJH name in Aiiallc Turkey. Province of Cafpadocia (continued)— Cubistra [near Eregli. Ramsay, Hist. Geo. Asia Faustinopolis. Sasiina. Province of Paphlagonia — Gangra [Kiankari]. Innupolis [lonopolis = Ineboli]. Dadubroi. Soroi. Projincc of Honorias [liitliynia, etc. |— Claudiojiolis [or Bithyniuni]. Heraclea Pontica [Ereyli]. Prusias [or Cierus = Uskubj. Tios [belonged to I'ontus. Ramsay, Hist. Geo. .1. Cratta [Geredcj. Adrianopolis. Province of Pontos Polcmoniacos— Neoca>sarea [Niksar], Trapezus [Trebizond-Trabaziinj. Kera.sus [ruins in Kircsiin-dt>re|. I'lilcmonios [luins, Hideman]. Comana [ruins, (iiimenokl. Province of ua/alia .Secunda— Pesinus [ruins, Halahissarj. Myrikios. Endoxios. Pitaniissos. Troknadoi. ( Icnnocolonia [Germej. .Spania or Justinianopr'is. Orkistos[kski Alakolj. Province of lycia — Myra |Myri|. Mastaura. Telincsos (Telmi^sus = Makiij. Limyra [liunarbashi). Araxa. Aprila. I'oilalia [I'oilalia]. Orcyandoi |? Arycanda = And |. Tapoi. Arneai [Irnesi], .Sitymoi, Zenopolis. Olynipos [ruins at T'^liiralil. Tlora [? Tlos, ruins al Duvor). Corydallos. Cannos or Aleia. AkrassMS. Zantlios |Xanthus|, Soi)hianopolis. Markiana. Onunda jOcnoamia, ruins at Injanhdarj. < lioinas. Cnnilana {> Candyba = (Icndova). Pliellos. Antipliillos |.\niipliilo|. I'liasclis I Tekirovaj. Uodopolis. Acalisos (ruins ni'nr Karditslij. I.obisos, .■\i'andn. PaHotoi, Eudokin. Patar.i. C'liMilin jGiiiiidii I Nyrcaiulor [now llio Cayster]. 'I'apassoi. llarpassa [ruins a( Arpas Kalessl]. Ncapolis. Oithobia, Anotcl.irla. Alabaiula [ruins, Arabhissar). Slratonnioca [ICsUi-liissarJ. Altnila [McschIc]. Mylassa [Milas]. Meizo. laisos [ruins, As>yn-Kak'ssi|. liarbylos [? lialburaj. llalicarnas^us [Hu(buni]. Ilylarimoi. Kniilo!>[<'nichis = K. Krio]. Melaboi. Mondos [Myndus = Giinuisldiilinian], Fanum, Kimlramoi [? Kidranii)s|. Keramos [Kcramo], I'romissos. rroviiiic of Phrys^ia Paiatiana — Laodicea [ruins near Deiiizli). Tiboriopolis. Azanoi. Ancyrosynsos. I'cllai [near Karayasliilar or Muglikh (Kanisay)!, Appia [Apia = Ahi.i]. Akathui [?Ahat-kriiJ. Ikrioi. Caria. Tranopolis [Trajanopulis = (liaurUdi). Scba4a. Kumenia [Isliikll|. Teiiicnos N'enalus. AgalhO Konie. Alinol. Tripiilis [Derebol], Atlanassos [Ramsay suggests AidanJ. 'rrapez(ipii!is* [see K;inisay, /V/rij,'. A/,i7/,)y«;v>.r, vul, i I7J|. Siblia [l\lii>nia (Kain>ny)|. Pioviiue of I'liryj^iii S,\ltitnris — Synada I Tshiful Kassal a|. Dnrylaiun [I^ski Sliebirj. Naeoba [Sidi-(ilia/i|. Medaiiin. IpMjs I Kanisay inaKcs it llie same as Julia — Tcli.ii). Proinisus, Minis. * Idenlilled by Mr. .\nd(t--"ii wiili lioli. ( /'/((• //wr. .\iiLMist 7. 18971. Province of Phrygia Salularis (conliniieif) — Sibildos [? Sibindos]. rhytia [Ramsay suggests Beudos], Ilierapcbs [ruins, Tanibuk-Kalessi]. Eucarpia [} Kugara or Evgara]. Lysia. Augustopnlis. Bryzos. Otros. Lycaon. Stectorion. Kinaborio!! [.Mr. Anderson found site near Arniutli]. Cona [? Conni]. Scordiipia. Nieopolis. Abroklos |.^ Al)rostolal. The liishop of tin Kademnoi [? Kadnuis Mt.], the \\, Province of I.yccionia — Iconiuni [l\onia|. Lysira [ruins near Khatyn-Serai]. Ana.sada [(Jnasadaj. Amd.adoi. Onauianailiii. Laranda. liereta. I )erbe. Ilyda (?IIyda in Caria). Sabatra [?.S(iatra = .Severok]. Caniis. Berinopiilis. (jalbanoi or Eudukia. Ilelislroi. Terta. \ Province of Pisidia - Antiocliia [N'alowaj]. .Sagalassos [ruins, Aghlasun|. .SnzopoHs. Apain;ea [1 liner]. Kibyra. Tyrxnos [PTyriaion = Ilgiinj. Barii. Adrianopolis [? Koteliashj. I.imenoi. l.aiidicea, llie llurnl jL.idik j. Seleueia, the Iron [Scler], Adadoi. /arzjioi. Tiberias. Toniandiis. Conane jli >int'ni|. Malos. Siniando.s, Tiliassos. Metropolis. I'apnoi (.■' I'.ipi a|. I'aralle. Bindeos, Province of Piiin/'/iyliii— IVrge or Syktos [ruins near Murlana|. Attnlia [Adnliej. Mageidos. luldokias. Termisos ['rerinessiis not iiienlified). Isindos |.' Niondn — W,\[vi\. Masiniianopolis, l.aijiiia [Ileniaj. ralaii>|>oli.>. J\ li aassssawxasK... HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Prmniue of Pamphylia (coiitiniicii)— Crcmna [G-rme]. Corydalos. Peltinissos. JJikiolaiialjroi, Ariassos. I'ugloi, Ardiana [? AilrianaJ, Saiulidoi. IJarl.0. I'L-rliienoi. Cfios. Proviitic of Cappailocia — Mokissos IMujur], Nazianzos |.\eiii/ij. Colonia. I'ariiassds. Doaroi. Province of I.azica — I'liasis [IVili]. I\lii)(!opolis. Aliisenoi, I'clroi, Tziiiyaneoi. Piovina- of Thrace — riiilippopolis (l-ilili,!. 1 >ii)cli.'tiaii(ii)i)lis. 1 )iospolis. I'roviii.c oflhc Cvrltult-s- Khodcs, Sam OS. Chios. ClIOS [C \P,,,,t/i„ii„\ Iliernpiili- |riiiiis, Tamlmk-KaUsMl, Mci<'M.,p.,|is ♦ (Kainsay Mi(j(;cst.s .Mcdck), Hiuiiysicipulis. Alia>ii>iop„lis Icily ,,f ilic llyr-aUi> (Kamsiy)}. * The name invulved in (hi. i, pnibahlv MuiaMa, tli.i! of an "I'l "lilli..- king (luunsay, P/,n.^i„i, /iisAo/ria, vol, i. im, I "I and I )t). ' ' |/.''. llie Dalkaii loyiojil Province of Phrygia Cafatiana (continued)— AltiKla* [Assar, according to Ramsay, Bishoprics, vol. i. p. 165], Afosyna [Ramsay, Phrys^ian Bishoprics, vol. i. p. connects this with ti.6los. I'anc]iluisos [Pancphysis .V. Solcsm.\. (ieros I? Ccrrhal. Ilageros. Tlientsos, Province of Ani^uslainnica Secnnda— l.coiito Melropidis, Athrckc, jr' Athribis, ruins at AliiliJ, Helios |IIeliopoli^|. Hul)a^lis I Tel llasiaj. Carbelhos [.■' I'harlielhos = Horiiii). .\naliio3. Province of Kgpyt ~ Cabasa (Gnbaseos ; Shabas SankurJ. I'hraj^onis. Pachneinonis[Pa-Khenen--Anieiij, 27 ''■ySian P- 14s. and I he terminations -onda, -ounda, -ouda. .in.ln. .ou/a. .ma arevcry w,dc,i,ic-ad in A,ia Minor. VmxU (/nsc'.r,/, von Icinnos) hinks nmhos, -nithn. -inthos to be probably dialectic variclie, (Ramsay, Phrygian P,s/„p,ics, vol. i. p. ,44), 28 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Province of Egypt (continued)— Diospolis [HuJ. Sebennytos [Semennud]. CynO [Medinet Bana]. Busiris [Abuslr]. E'oarchia [at Kl Bedirut]. Regeon. I'aralos [liurollosj. Poriane Kruiic. Cyma [? Kvini Abu Billiis. Rechomerion. Zoeos [? Xois]. Province of Arcadia — Xyriiichus (Oxyiynchus) .Metropolis [Bt-hnesa]. Heracleos |Ahiias). Nilopolis [Illaliun]. Arscnoctes (Kayii.n). Theodosiopolis. Aphrodilon [Atfih]. Memphilitos [Memphis, ruin-; at Mitraliiiu). cte;'cn Moiillis of t lie Nile — Alexandria. Colynthcn. Agnon [Mastarueh]. I'anallos [? I'aralos El Burins], Thasma. Taiiiiathis [Dumiat Daniietla|. TenesO [Ten lis]. Province of the Thehaid I. — Amino Metropolis j.Vntinoc = Sliikh .Miadcl, Hcrinopolis [.\shmuncn|. Casos jCusai = Kiisie]. Lyco [Lyconpolis = .Siiii], Ilypsele [Shas llotep). Apollonios, Ant.von [.Vnt.vopolis = Gau-el-Kebir], Panos I? Panrmpolis = Cheniniis = .Milimini], Province of the Thetmid II.— Ploleniais Metropolis [.Men',liiye|, Conto or Jiistiniopolis. Diocletianopolis. Diospolis I Hau], Tentyra |l )endera]. Maxiniianopolis. Thebaic [Thebes, n Camp "]. Leto [? Latonpolis = INneh], Tambrm [? Kom Onibo]. Ilermuthes [llennonthis - Krmenlj, Apolluiios I Apollonopolis = Kdfu], Kumc Anasses [? Anas ol \Vagud|. (heater 'liichai.i — Upper Ibeos [? Ilibe in the Oasis], Mallinn I? Main]. Triiiumtlioii I? Trimatb's in the Oasis], Ilcrmon, Province of I. ihya Penlapolis — .Suzusa. Cyrcnc [ruins at OriiK']. I'l lemais (ruins at Tidniela], Ticlii'ira jTauchira, ruins at TokrnJ, Adri.ina. Berenice |llengha£'l. Province if J'ri/'jlis Sebon, l^eptis [ruilis nt Leijilnj, llyon. at r.lKsur (r,»\.ii) = "th. Province of Libya — Dranieon Metropolis. Paraloion [ParaHoniuni, .V, Solesm.]. Tranzales. Ammoniacu [Amuionium = Siw;i], Antipyrgos [so in S. So/csin. ]. Antiphoon. Kdonia, Marmarica. Province of Cilicia I. — Tarsus Metropolis [Tersus], Ponipeiopolis [Soli, luins at Melzetlii], Sel.aste. Corycos [Korgos], Adana [.\dana]. Ai'..,ustopolis, .Mai OS. Zephyrion, Province of Cilicia If.— .Vnabarzos ]/;/, Ana/arbos = .Viiavar/il. Mopsuestia [.Missis], Agia [.l':g;v;v = Ayils], Epiphania. Irenopolis ( N'eronias]. Flavias. .\lexandria [Ukandcrun or .Me.xanilrella|, Cabissos. Caslabala. Khossos, Province of Isaiiria (formerly t'ilieia Tracheia) — Seleucia Metropolis [Selefko]. Kilendres [Kilindria], Aneniorion [Anemurium Point], Titiopolis, Lamos. Antiochia. Eliosebaste [Juliosebaste], Kestra. Selinunles [Selindi], lostape. DiociX'sarea [SefurieJ. Olya. Hierapolis, Ncapolis, Dalisandos. Claudiopolis (Mut|, Irenopolis, (lernianieiipolis jKrinemk]. Zenopolis. ,Sbida, Philadelphia, Adrasos, Meloe. Dometiupolis, Nauzadeai, The region Ivassos, lianaboi, Bulbosos, Kostras, Province of Syria I — Antiochiii at Haphne, Patriarchal See, Seleucia, Herica [.Meppo], Chalkis [Kinn'.'sriii], Province ofSy>i,t //., — Apamea Metropolis ['ulns at Kala'at-el-Midik) il ■1 BBKCasaiBsi.,- HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 29 t \ Province of Syria 11. (continued)— Arethusa [RestanJ. Epiphania [Hamath]. I-arissa [Seijar]. Mariamino [Kala'al-el-IiosiiJ, Seleucobolos. Ramphaneai [? Rapliaiicaij. Province of the Euphrates and Ila^'iopolis- Hierapolis t?I3am])ycc]. Cyros or Hagiopolis. Samosala [Samsat|. Dolichc [Tcl Diiliik, near Aintab ?|. Germanicia. Zeiima. Perrij [ruins at Pin"m|. Eurupos [CarchcmisliJ. Nicopolis [? Nibol]. SUenarchia. Sergiopolis. Orimoi. Santoi, Province of Theodoria — Laocticea ^fetropolis [Lalakin). Taltos [BckleJ. lialanca [Hanias]. Gabala [Djcbel]. Provimc of Osrocnc — Eilessa [Urfa). Carai [Cliaran, i.e. HarranJ. ConsSantia [1;/. Tela ami VcranslicherJ. 'I'heoilosiopolis. liatiiai [Bathi)ai|. Callionicos or Leonlopolis [Nikephorion : New Valentia. liirboi [? Birtha = HiredjikJ, ^f<)nilhilla. Tlitrimachoii. Moniauga. Macarta, Marcopolis. Anastasia. Hcmcrios, KirkesioM (ruins al l!usijra|. Province of Upprr Mesopotamia or Armenia II'.- Ami('.a Metropolis [l)iarl)ekr|. Marlyropolis JMaiplicracta = Majafarkin). from this city the Tigris rises, Haras (ruins Dara(. Six miles from this town are bonnilaries between Persia and Assyria, Ihe Castle of l\iskiplia |? Re^apha near Tliapsacu^, ur Kcscipha on the I".uphralcs|. The Caslle of Turis (?I)ara near Nisibis, or Dara (Europus) on the I'"Hplirates|. The Castle of Marde (Mardiji, on the slopes of Masius|, ,, ,, Lome. ,, ,, Riphlhon, ,1 ,• Isphrios, M II Tznurn (.'.Sisaurana], I, ,, Aiidasoi, II II Amarme (? Abarnej. 11 .1 'I'linoliia [/enobia on luiplnatcs, tuiiib al Zclebiye], II II Int/ietoi (?/ailha|. „ I, Uaiiabcla(?Balabcsa(. ,, Chud.t.ii, I, Aisd.idoios. Antoninopolis, ruins at Rakka.] lifleenmilcs the 11 Province of Upper Mesopotamia (continued)— The Castle of Masphrona. >i I, Basilicon. II I, Spelon, II I, Uiiubaitha. II ,, Massararoi [? MaiacarireJ, i> II Birthechabra;. II II Siteonscipha. II II Kalon, 11 II Bibasiroi, >• 11 Tzaura [repeated from abovej. „ Bithra [? Birtha = Biredjik|, • I ,1 Attachia, of the region of Arzanikes [Atachas], II I, Aphuboi. II t, Ariniachoi, II II Elorianai. II I, Daphnudin. II ,1 Balue. 11 II Samo Chartoi, Here Mesopotamia ends, and the Taurus is the boundary of the Balalesoi [? Balabesoi], and Greater .Armenia is at the boundary of the northern part. The inhabitants of the Taurus region consist of two peoples— the Ichthomaitai and the Nasu- nitai. There is a very high mountain called Barathken, to the top of which Noah's Ark was broughti and the tradition exists among all the inhabitants to this day. Province IV. of Armenia— Dademoni now Metropolis. .\rmusatai. Polichne Chozanoi. Chosomachoi. Kitharizai (Cilhari/on (Kieperl)]. Castle of the Mertikertoi, 11 II Baiuloios, 11 ,, Polios. I, ,1 the Ardoi. Region of .Sophene, I, ,, Anzitine [.Vnziteiie (Kieperl)], I, ,, Digesene, II II Garcne. ,. ,1 Orzinnike [? .\rzanenej. ,, .| Hilabitine [Halabitenc (Kiepert)J, I, ,1 .\stianike [Astianene (Kiepcrt)J, I, ,1 the Mamuzurai. Province of Phan ilia Paralia, or littoral— Tyre Metn-polis (.Siir). SidoTi (Siida). Ptolemais [,\cco, Acre|. Berytus (Beirut). Iliblos (Djebel for Gabalaj. Tripolis (Tarabolus-csh-Shatn). .\rca (Tel .Vrkai anciently Erek], Arthosia (.\rtusi), Bolrys (Batrunj. Gcgarta Rome (Zagtiarta(. .\rados [anc. Arvad, RH.idj. .\nlarados (Tartus). Paneas [Biinis = Civsarea Paneas or PliilippiJ. ( ionasi or Saltoi. Poliliana Rome. Trieris Kume (.\nfc]. Province of IVuvnii in lilmnisia — Edesa Melroiiolis. Laodicca [Tel Neiii .Mindiij. Ileliopolis (Ba'albekj. mmmm 30 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Province of P/nviiicia I.ibaiiisia ((onlinucd)— Aiibilla I? Abila = Sfik liarada]. Damascus fDimeslik-csh-Shaiii]. Region of the lambnuloi [labrutla = \'al,nul|. Kiiarios or Justinianopnlis. I'almyra [Tadinnr = TedmurJ. Kegion of the Magludoi. Gonailicos Forest [? Catanii). .Salamias (Salaminias = Saleniiyc|. Analolicum or Kpstern Kegion. 'J'hird /'i-oviiifc oj Pihcstiiic— I'elra Melrcpolis [anc. Sela = ruins al Wady .\l„»a in IdumeaJ. Augiistopulis. Arindcla |(iharandelj. Charagnuicha [? Characnir,l,a = Kir-Moab * = Kcrak). Arcopolis [= Rabbath-Moab = Kabbaj. Napsis. Elusa [Khalasa]. Zoora. Uirosabun. Klas. I'eiitaconiia. Sallon. Manio. Psora \if. Hesor river]. Tilrocomia ITelraconii.i, nut idenlilicij. Ilieratieon. Province of Arabia — Uosira ^Ietrclpuli^ (liosra|. Adra,os |? Adralia = anc. lOdrci, mod. Duaall. Dium [IJial. Medaiia (.^.MedebaJ. Gerassa [DjerashJ. Neue. PhiLaJelpliia (anc. Rabluili-Aninion = .\mni,in|. INbos |anc. Hcsbbnn = iic.sban|. Neapnlis. rhilijipopolis [Shidjc). I'hcniitos. Konslantine. Dionusia. . I'enlacrimia. Tricfiinia. Canotha [Canitha, anc. Kenalh, ruin, Kan,iwai|. Sallon. IJalanis (liethauna, llatanea, .S//,//. .S,./, ,///. |. Kxaconiia. Enaconiia. Gonias KomO. Cherus Konie. .Slancs Koni". Machaberos Kumc. CorealhO KoniO (KnaleJ. liilbanos Rome. Ci\prui Rnnie. I'yrgoaretai Koine, .Setnes Rome. Ariachoi KomO. Neotes, .\riatha Traehonns Runie. liebdamoiis Rome. I'liKiiia- of the Islatii of Cyffy^:^}a,iiMtaii!W^i0li^ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. The Armenian Church at this time extended far beyond Armenia, there being archbishops of this rite in the Syrian Antioch and in Jerusalem, and a bishopric in Cyprus is also mentioned. The scat of the Armenian Catholicos was first at Sebaste, afterwards at Ani and Sis [or Sus] (see Le Quien, i. pp. 1 396-1403). 31 In 1216 the Latin Church was at the zenith of its power, and ruled over a wider area than at any previous epoch in its history. The Papacy had not only successfully reasserted its claims to the territories made over to it by Pepin and his successors— the States of the Church— but it had, through the Crusades, acquired a large addition to its spiritual possessions in the East. The patriarchates of Constantinople, Antioch, and Jerusalem had become Latin possessions, and papal authority was co-extensive with the Western rule. The European provinces, and the chief bishoprics within them, which at this time ren- dered obedience to the apostolic see of the West, are given below. They are taken chiefly from Wiltsch {Handbook of the Geography and Sta- tistics of the Church, English edition, 1868), who gives his authorities, his information being supplemented, in regard to Italy, from Ughello's Italia Sacra (Venice, 17 17). In the patrimony of St. Peter there were the following bishoprics :— Porto, Ostia, Frascati, Palcstrina, Fercntino, Veroli, Albano,* Segni, Tcrracina, Fondi, ]5agnarea, Todi, Sabina, and Pesaro. In Italy, outside the patrimony of St. Peter, were the bishoprics of Florence,* Lucca, Pistoia, Volterra, Massa dc Maremma, Fermo,* Valva, Civita di Chieti or Tcti,* Sora, Aquino, Andria (Andri, //. Sac), Bisccglia, Rapollo, Ravello, Prindisi,* Otranto,* Rossano,* Reggio,* and Cerenza. In the i)rov!nce of Milan there were the bishoprics of Prescia, Pcrgamo, Cremona, Lodi, Novara, Ivrca, Turin, Alba, Asti, Aqui, Tortona, Vcrcelli, Crema, and Pavia. (Jonoa formerly belonged to this province ; but, prior to the end of the eleventh century, it was erected into an archbishopric, embracing several parochi;e, in- cluding Bobbio, Albenga, and Xcbbio. The province uf A(,>un,fciA contained, among ♦ I'liosL- marked ♦ were iiimic archbishoprics at a later ilatu. Other bishoprics, Mantua, Verona, and Padua ; and its rival. Nova Aquileia, known also as Grado, and finally as Venice, whither the patri- archate was removed in 145 1, is mentioned as having the bishopric of Pola within it ; but, as I' Totius Venetian et Istria^ Caput et Metropolis," it must have had several others.* The Province of Ravenna contained, in 1 1 18, the following archbishoprics and bishop- rics :— Piacenza, Parma, Reggio, Modena, Bologna, Ferrar-x, Adria, Comacchio, Imola, Faenza, Forli, Forlim Popoli, Bobi, Cesena, and Cervia. As to the province of Capua, there is no record of bishoprics within it at this time ; t while in the province of Benevento, we hear of the fol- lowing :— St. Agata de' Goti, Boiano, Luccria, Larino, Troia, Telesi, and Termoli. Little is known of Naples, Amalfi, and Salerno at this time, and of the archbishopric of Sorrento history at this time is silent.J There were at this time archiepiscopal sees in Sardinia, viz. at Sassari, on the north-west coast, Oristagni on the west, and at Cagliari on the south coast. The archbishopric of Pisa, after surrendering three sees to Genoa, had, in 11 30, the follow- ing :—Aleria, Aiazzo (Ajaccio), and Sagona (Savona), to which, in 11 38, Piombino, and two bishoprics in Sardinia, were added. There was an Archbishop of Trani (Tranum) at the close of the twelfth century, and the province of Barlctta, which stood in close re- lationship with it, was formed about the same time. Of Acherenza (Acheruntia), there was an Archbishop in the eleventh century, and the Bishops of Venosa, Gravina, Tricarico, Tursi, and Potcnza were his suffragans. Cosenza (Cusentia) was, according to some authorities, an archbishopric from the middle of the eleventh century. The province of Bari had originally twelve bishoprics within it when it was under the Greek Patriarch. In the eleventh century, the follow- ing are alleged to have been within it •— Bitetto, Bitonto, Cataro, Conversano, Giovenazzo, • Olivuh,. i:quiliuni.Tn,ccllo,Cao,lo. a.ul Chi,>2j., appear later, t A.puno, (Jasta, Sora, Nt. C.-isino, Venafro, Iserna, an.l Se.sa appear later. X X.M)ici conluiuea later Vola, Aver^a, an.l Acerra ; An.alli I. .1 l.e..e,e an.l Scala , Salerno had Capaccio Nuovo, I'olicas.ro Marsica N., an.l .Sarno. ' *-?t'-.vi' Tft*""- rrj* timmmmtm ■•MM HliM ■MMMi 32 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Saviello (? Lavello), Minervino, Polignaiio, and Rivo (? Ruvo). Of 'he provinces of CONZA (Compsa), Ros- SANO (Roscianum), Santa Severina, Reggio (Rhegium), all in Calabria, little was then known. Authentic history is silent as to the ecclesi- astical affairs of Sicily from A.u. 827 1090, during which time it was under the Saracens ; but after Count Roger, the brother of Robert Guiscard, had wrested back Sicily and Malta, we hear of an Archbishop of Palermo (1099), to whom the Bishops of Syracuse, Girgenti, Mazzara and Catania, were suffragans. The bishopric of Malta, founded about 11 23, was probably also in the same province. Of the bishoprics in the provinces of Mk.ssina and MONREALE at this time we know little. Spain.— As soon as Alphonso VI. had wrested Toledo and the whole kingdom of Cas- tile from the Moors (1085), the ancient eccle- siastical provinces of TOLEDO, IJRAGA, and Tarragona were restored, and Seville later. The Archbishop of Toledo, as his predecessors of the seventh and eighth centuries, was Primate of Spain, Aicala de Henarcs, Oviedo, Leon, Placen- tia, and Siguenza— and later, Jacn, Cordova, Cuenca, Segovia, Osma, Burgos— being his suffragans. Seville had Cadiz, Grenada, etc. The province of Uraga contained the bishop- rics of Astorga, Lugo, Tuy, Mondonedo, Orense, Porto, Coimbra, Visiu, Laniego (Lameca), Idanha, and Britonia. Lisbon was made a province later. The province of TARRAGONA embraced Calahorra, Saragossa, Huesca, Barbastro, Rota, Gerona, Barcelona, and Vigue. The Church provinces of I"'kanck — Beginning in the south with the jiroviiicc of Aucil, this province contained the bishoprics of Da.x, Tarbes, Olcron, St. Bertrand, Lescar, Bazas, Bayonne. The province of BORUEAU.V embraced Agen, Angouleme, Salutes, Poitiers, and Perigucux." The province of BouRGES held Clermont, Li- moges, Rodez, Alby, Cahors, Ouercy, and Mende. The province of DoL existed only for a short time, and was absorbed into Tours.t The province of Narbonne included the * Coinliim, Maillezai, Lu(,uii ami .S.nilat appear lalcr. t II eiitUained \ amies, nuimper^ Si. I'u! dt: Leon, 'rrcfjiiitr .St. Hrioiic, and Si. Mali). bishoprics of Beziers, Carcassonne, Toulouse,* Elne, Agde, Lodevc, Maguelonne, Nimes, and Uzes. The province of Reim.s embraced Amiens, Arras, Bcauvais, Scnlis, Soissons, Chalons-sur- Marne, Laon, Noyon, Cambray, Tournay, and Tcrouennc. To the provinceof Rouen belonged Avranches, Coutances, Bayeux, Lisieux, Evreux, and Seez. The province of Sen.s, over which the Arch- bishop of Lyons was primate, contained Auxerre, Orleans, Chartres, Meaux, Xcvers, Paris, and Troyes. The province of TouRS, before the absorption of DoL (1 172J, contained Angers, Nanles,Rennes, and Le Mans. The following Galilean provinces only became French in 1349 •' — The province of Arles, which embraced Avignon (archbishopric in 1475), Cavaillon, St. Paul Tricastin, Marseilles, and Toulon.f The provinceof Emisrux, containing Glaudevc, Antibes, Vcnce, and Nicc.J To the province of MON.STIER.S EN Taran- taise belonged Aosta and Sion ; while Be- .SANc^ON contained Belley, Lausanne, and Basic. To the province of ViENNE were assigned Grenoble, Valence, Die, Viviers, Geneva, and St. Jean de Mauricnne. The province of LvoNS embraced Autun, Chalons-sur-Saonc, Langres, and Macon. The Archbishop of Treves maintained the primacy, in oppo.sition to the Archbishop of Maintz, in the time of the Emperors Henry IV^ and Henry V., but in 11 32 the suffragans of the former were reduced to Mctz, Toul.and Verdun. It contained previously Octodurum (Martigny), Augusta Rauracorum fAugst), Vindonissa (VVindisch, Aventicum (Avenches), besides those transferred to the province of Maintz, viz. liamberg, Constance, Augsburg, Cluir, lu'ch- stadt, Hildesheim, Halberstadt, Paderborn, Prague, Olmtitz, Strasburg, Spires, Verdcn,' Worms, and VViirzburg. The province of Cologne included Liege, Miinster, Minden, Utrecht, and Osnabriick. The province of Hamhukg and Bremen * Made an a^clll)i^lll)pric ill 1317. t Carpcntras, Orange, and \'aiM)ii appear later. \ Aix ill Truvcncc cuniaiiicd tulei Apl, Riez, Irejiis, Gap, .uid Sislerun. '*•*' IirSTORFCAL CHURCH ATLAS. 33 included, in I [49, Aldenburg, Ratzburg, and In tiie countries on the east side of the Mecklenburg ; but Aldcnburg and Mecklenburg Adriatic— that is, Dalmatia— the province of were transferred to Liibeck and Schwerin respcc- Zara (Jadera) is mentioned, but no suffragans tively shortly afterwards. Pope Innocent II., in are given. SPAI.ATRO and Ragusa were also 1 1 33, assigned to the Archbishop of Hamburg- provinces, but no list of bishoprics is given. Bremen all the bishoprics in Denmark, Sweden, The .Archbishop of Dioclea and AntivarT had Norway, Fcroc Islands, Greenland, Halsingald, probably as suffragans the Bishops of Scutari, Iceland, and of the region of the Slavs ; but after Drivasto, and Dulcigno. the middle of the twelfth century, the jurisdic- The ecclesiastical metropolis of all Russia tion of the province was restricted to Ditmarsch, was Kief till after 1439. Moscow had its first Holstcin, Stormaria, Wagria, the kingdom of patriarch in 1589. Rostoff and Taro-lav were Slavia, Wigmodia, the district of Bremen, and bishoprics in 1498. See Asseman, /wr/. /:'. 560) mciitiims iwn other iimfi)!'. -if lhi-> pcriisci at C.urlcon, juhu, ami Aanm, i Sct'fviilem-cnfthiii, llaihlonaiiil.siublis, viil.i. pp ij if.-ji. of Tours, DeMirac. St. Martini, iv. 46 ; Sulpicius Severus, Vita Martini, x.xiii., and Dialoir., ii. 7 ; and Ailred of Rievaulx, Life of St. Niiiiaif). St. Ninian, d\c apostle of Galloway (a.d. 401), is said to have visited St. Martin at Tours, and to have subsequently dedicated to him his Church at Candida Ca.sa (Whithorn, called in the Irish Annals Rosiiat) in Galloway (see Ailred's Life of St. Ninian). Bed (//. liccL, iii. 4) corioborates the latter statement, telling us that Ninian, whom he regards as born in Britain and educated at Rome, converted the Southern Picts and then died at Candida Car^a, which in Bede's time (a.d. 731) belonged to the Bernician province, i.e. Northumberland, Saxon conquest having brought thitiier a Saxon bishop in a.d. rt.Si, after which it continued a Saxon see till AD. 79G(/<7o/-.^///'c;;rr.v/,v, cited by Iladdan and Stubbs, i. 150), The descent of the Nor.semen on Gallowa>' (abotit A.I). 800) did away with English authority in this region, and it is probable that any eccle- siastical jurisdiction within it henceforward, until its conquest in the latter part of the tenth century by Kenneth II , King of Scotland, was British or Pictish (.see Haddan and Stubbs, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 8). Iladdan and Stubbs (i. 120) cite a number of passages to show tli.it Candida Casa, in the sixth century, was visileil by the Irish for instruction ; but it seems to have been associated with British rather than Scot-" Chris- tianity until the conquest of (iallow,./ by the Northumbrians (.\.d. 681). I he same authorities sum up the evidence as to the origin of the Welsh sees as follows;— Bangor, foundeil by Deiniol, who died in A.D. 584; l.lanelwy or St. Asaph, by Kentigern, or Cyudeyrn, who died a.D. 612; St. haviil'--, or Mcnevia, by St. David, who died A,I>. (yo\ ; Ll.mbadarn— merged in St. David'.s about A.D.' 720-b\- St. I'adarn (or Paternus), who died about the .same time; Llanafanvaur, fouiulcd by St. Afan, appears to have been the centre of a sec for a short jjcriod (about a.d. ;iu), but it was soon merged in I.lanbadarn ; I.laiuiaff. by St. Teilo, about A.D. 550, but Dubricius, who died in A.D. ^.12, is also re-artled as (ouniler of the diocese; Margam, in Glamorganshire (pro- l)ably to lie identified with Morganwg of the lolo .MSS., 143 i s,S,of whicii tiit.^' I)i>h(.p is said to h.ivc attended the conferences with St. Auyustine in ^ \^ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 39 ■i^ A.D. 6oi), was also presumably an episcopal see Before the beginning of the seventh century, for a short time in the sixth century. There is Wesscx invaders had reached the Severn,* andj also a tradition as to a " Bisliop of Wig " in apart from the intervals of civil strife, the early times— a place identified conjecturally with Teutonic invasion continued to proceed west- Weeg in Archenfield on the Wye— and of a ward. Mercia at length became the pre- Bishop of Congresbury, but there is not satis- dominant power in ICngland, and under Offa factory evidence of either. The latter bishop- (a d. 777-790) the Welsh frontier was Hxed at ric is alleged to have been transferred to Wells about A.D. 767 ; but the first known Bishop of Wells (a Saxon) was consecrated probably A.U. /Oy (Haddan and Stubbs, i. p. 150). The Bishopric of Bangor was meant to serve the principality of Gwynedd (Vcnedotia), St. Asaph, the principality of Povvys, St. David, the principality of Dyfed (Dimctia), including the southern half of Keredigion (Cardigan), and Llanbadarn for the northern half of the princi- pality of Keredigion. Offa's Dyke, and extended from the mouth of the Dee to the mouth of the Wye {Anna/es Camhruc, a 790). Owing, doubtless, to the increasing influence of the Mercian kingdom, the Welsh — who up to this time had maintained their isolation— adopted the Roman Easter— the Ni.rth Welsh in A.D. 768, and the South Welsh in .\ D. 777. In A.D. 816 Wales became subject to Egbert {Ann. Cmnbi-icc 7\.\\6. Aiig.-Sax. C/iivn., 828), and from A.D. 870, as alleged by some of our historians, In the laws of Ilowel the Good (compiled the South Welsh bishops were consecrated bj- about A.D. 928), there is mention made (i)k. ii chap. xxiv. Owen's ed. 1841) of .seven bishop- houses in Dyvcd (Demetia), but only one or two .seem to have been identified. They appear to have been monastic houses in most cases also. the Archbishop of Canterbury. However this may be, wc have evidence of the existence of a Saxon bishop as Bishop of St. David's in A.D. 874, from which date, with more or less interruption, the Welsh kings did homage to the as the abbots of four of them arc required in l':n;.;lish sovereigns. The conquest of Wales by the same laws to be lettered men. They arc William the Conqueror, in 108 1, brought about as follows :— the eventual union of the Welsh with the l-Jiglish I. One is I\Ienevia,a principal .seat in Cymru. ChiMch under the Archbishop of Canterbury. II. The second is the Church of Ismael Two British bishops (probably, as Iladdan (I'.glwys Ysmaclj. III. The third is Llan Degman IV. The fourth is Llan Usyllt. V. The fifth is Llan Teilo. VI. The sixth is Llan Dculydawc (.' Llandei- lovach). \TI. The seventh is Llan Gcncu. There were doubtless many other monastic and Stubbs conjecture, from Cornwall or Devon) are mentioned bj' Bede as taking part in an ordination by the Saxon Bi.shop of Wesscx in A.D. 664 (//. lurl., iij. 28), but the first distinct proof of a Cornish .see is the Episcopate of Kenstec in the time of .Archbi.shop Ceolnoth (.\.D. 833-870). The Anglo- Saxon Chronicle records, under A.D. 682, that the West Welsh houses in Wales before the end of the eighth that is, the Britons at the south-westcin portion century. Clynnoch \'awr is said to have been of Britain, were driven to the sea by KeiUwin of founded in A.D, 616, Lancarvan, Llan-illtyd, ICsscx— the previous boundary between the Ennli (Mard.sey),* and Vailis Rosina in the Saxons and llritons in this region having been preceding century. near Bradford in Wilts in AD. 652, and at the The encroachments of the West Saxons river I'arrct in A.U. 658 {Ang.-Scix, Citron, under upon the Britons of North Wales (so called to these dates). The 1^-itons. seem to have recovered distinguish it from West Wales, which meant part of the lost groumi, including Glaslonbur)-, Cori..vall, Devon, etc.; went on continuouslj*. * This monask'iy is sni.l I" li.ivi' luin fouuileil in ,\.ii. 51!) (Iscivi's t'/f/./.v., p, Ol 1 U»shcr, vi. 44), and llie aiiciciil nioimstic (lisiiiilin*, akiti to timl of Iiclainl nnd ScuU.iinJ, iiiiHitiit lull' ki a tohiji.ifaliiil)' laic ilatc. Giraliiiis Lam- lirtiixis (///«, (Viw/'/v.., ii. 0)i.h1U llic monks llicri' in lii» time (1188) l\'luhi, i.e. Clll.lci's. * Plii; Wi'sl .Saxons liiul idni|ucrcil llcilfoni in A li 571, ami after iIk' battle of Dcortiani in a.H. 577, ol)tai»e(l (lossi-ssion of (ilouccslcr anil Dalli. I'leeman (OUt lin^li^h lli>io>\\\\ 31)1 Hiviiia nmp ofllrilaiii, however, at the liecinniiii; of llie sevenlli lenuiry, in 'nIiicIi the iiini|iiesl!i ol \Ve»se\, allliounh slnii liinjj np near!) lo ilie Deo, are llankeil on the easi liy llniish lerritoiy exIeiiiliMg to the suiilli anil laM of Wurwiik. MM '- ii 40 IITSTORJCAL CHURCH ATLAS. in tlie year A.D. C83 {Brut y Tyzvysogiou) ; but, from Wilibald's Life of St. Boniface, it would appear that there were Saxons at Exeter in A.D. 700, sharing it with the Britons, and in while those of Ireland (Scotia), Scotch Dalriada, and Pictland were subservient to the abbots, and had no specified dioceses.* Fergus Mor Mac Earca and his brother A.D. 705 we have an attempt made by Aldhclm Loarn, who were already Christians, colonized to bring the Cornish Church into conformity with Scotch Dalriada, now known as Argyllshire, the Roman Paschal rule. This western region in A.D. 503, and sixty years afterwards (a.d. 5C3)', seems to have bcc.i the scene of conflicts between Columba came to My (lona) (see Adamnan's Saxons and Britons until the beginning of the Life of Columba. and Bcde, //. Jurl., iii. 4). The ninth century, when Egbert overran all Cornwall Northern Picts were converted by' Columba in {A ,1,0;.-. Sax. C/irou.), gaining the battle of Camel- A.D. 565 (Bcde. H. Eccl., iii. 4), and it was from ford in A.D.S23, and a second victoryover Cornish- Ily that missions were sent out in A.l).6s5 to con- men and Danes in A.D. cS3S, which made Devon- vert the Angles. The bishopric of Lindisfarne shire an English possession. Cornwall continued, was then founded, and Scottish missions from this however, to exist as a separate princii)ality from centre (in the period between A.D. 635 and 664), A.D. 833 till A.D. 900, subject ecclesiastically and succeeded in converting the Middle An^lians' civilly to the Saxon Church and king (Iladdan Mercians, and East Saxons. ^ ' • > and Stubhs, Comicils, i. p. Gj^,). Bishop Kenstec Christian settlements were founded in Scotland (A.D. 833-870) is described, in his Profession of by missionaries frnm Ily in tl-.e period between Canonical Obedience to Ceolnoth, Archbishop A.D. 563 and 597, and, among others at the of Canterbury (about A D. 870), to be Bishop of following places: Aberdeen, the Orkneys the Dmnurrm, a place that has been conjecturally Island of Hinba, in Tirce, Aberdour (Apcnlo- identified with Dingerein, i.e. the Din* or boir). Deer, and Lismore in Ar-yll (Haddm stronghold of Geraint, and probably the modern Bodmin, or perhaps St. Germains. In A.D 909, the see of Crediton was constituted — out of Devon and three parishes in Cornwall ; but the Cornish see still continued to exist {Leofric's J/issa/, fol. 2). About a.d. 930, the Britons were driven from I'^xcter and confined to the and Stubbs, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 107), and also at Lc)chlevin (Reeves, Ciildccs, p. 51). At Kingarth (Cinngaradh), in Bute, episcopal abbots were established in a.d. 660, and a mon- astery was founded at Applecro.ss (Apercrossan) in A.D. 671 (Maddan and Stubb.s, vol. ii. j). 107). After the monks of My had accepted the Roman west of the Tamar, and the British Bishop of P:a.ster (a.d. 716), Abcrnethy became for a time Cornwall became a recognized suffragan of the centre of ecclesiastical authority over the Canterbury. In \.D. 950 a Sa.xon appears as N..rthern Picts (/7;/;/., vol. ii. pt i pp ri^ 116) Bishop of Cornwall, and the see became merged Tiie Church and Monastery of Kilrimon't (St about eighty years afterwards in that of Crediton. Andrews) was founded between A.U n^^ and 747 n 1050 the united see was transferred to by .\ngus, King of the Picts. alth.nigh there was Exeter, and ,n 1072 the first Norman bishop probably an earlier foundation by St Cainnech was appointed to it the patron of Kilkenny, in the sixth century' In Alban (Scotlaiulj ue have trustworthy (Reeves, r../,/,v,v, p. 34;. It .seems to have been evidence that the bishopric of Glasgow was the only see in iuistern Scotland until the Abbot founded in the middle .., end of the sixth of Dunkeld wa.s made, in .YD. 860. the first -md century by St. Kentigern, and the see at this last Bishop of I'ortren, tiiat is. of the regi.;n of time seems to have been coextensive with the old kingdom of Stiathclyde (see Iladilan and Stubhs, vol. ii, pt. i. p. 4;. 'I'lic bishops of the Biitish Church, whether in Strathclyde. in North or West Wales, were exclusively, according to Iladdan and Siuhbs (vol. i. p. 142), territorial ; • Thin " illii " .i|>|)car^ III ihi' form "tin" in mjiiic t;iii|)iilion (if the loimlry iiilti iliucuM-. an.l |.;iiislus «,as |.r.nciicttlly unknown in llu' .Sc.llu Chiml. lill il,f luf^inninu of llie iwHnii cfnliiiy. Tlie whole i-cdeM.islii ,1 r.,|,rii- w.w cnnsirii.'ii.i Mil (In- nii.n.i^iio |uiin.l,ili..n ' (Dr. Uwvi,, CiiU,;\ k i t. ■ ' fUS Ti RICA L CHURCH A TLA S. w into dioceses began to be seriously undertaken. During that reign were founded Moray (tlien embracing all Scotland north of the Spey) and Dunkeld (afterwards subdivided into the dio- ceses of Dunkeld, Dunblane, and Argyll). The succeeding monarch, David I. (1124-1153), made further subdivisions of territory, and founded the sees of Ross,* Aberdeen, Caithness, Dunblane.t and Brechin. Argyll (Lismore, the scat of a monastery from the time of its founder, the Irish bishop, St. Moluoc, in A.D. i^()2, Annals of riglicru(uh) was formed out of Dunkeld about 1200 (Skene, Celtic Scotland, ii. pp. 365-418). The materials bearing upon the conversion of the Irish have been collected by Maddan and Stubbs {Conncils, etc., vol. ii. pt. 2). It appears from the original documents there cited (pp. 289-291), that there were Christians in Ireland prior to the Mission of Palladius from Rome in A.D. 431, or that of St. Patrick (about A.n. 440 according to Todd, or 397 according to Whitley Stokes, Tripartite Life, Introd.). The evidence of St. Patrick's having been sent from Rome is altogether negative ; the Scholiast on St. Place's hymn, which was composed not earlier than the latter part of the sixth century (Iladdan and Stubbs, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. i(vS), being the first authority for it. Yet it appears, by the catalogue of Irish saints given on pp. 292-294 of Haddan and Stubbs, vol. ii. pt. ii., that Roman ecclesiastics were among St. Patrick's company. Perhaps the two bisliops mentioned in the Pook of Armagh ; written not later than A.n. 807)— vi/. Auxilius, whose name appears in Cill Usaille or Killossy, Co. KiUlarc, and Sccundinus, * Kosmntky, or KnsnniKyii, wliicli Ijec.iinc llic cnlhuilral of llio SCO (if Kos>, \v;is an niuient nmiiastery ami liisliopric of Irish fdiiiulaliiin (Dr. Kooves, Ciild,ys, p. 45, who cilcs a iMmnu'moralioii fnim iho Cilcinlai of Tamlacht lo that effect). t The (hii(i.so iif Diinlilaiie was maile cunlcrmiiious with tlio (.•arliloiii (if .sirathirno, the iiiicleiis being the ancient niiinastery of Diin-lllaan, foiindetl by lllaan, an Irish ecclesiastic of the sivth century (Reeves, CiitJiVs, p. 3()). Tlie tnllieiiral of Caithness was lixeil at Dornoch, which trailition makes to have been loiiiideil by the Irish saint, I'iiiliarr, in the siMh cenliiry. "It Has in the xv'xgw of David I. (1124-115J) ihal llie yreat change in the I'ramew. ik of the .Scottish ( hurcli 'ook plaic. Mis bioRraphcr slates that he found three bishoprics In Scoilaiid Imt hfl nine, lly wliich we .ire to inidersiaiid that he revived .md perpetiiateil the succe- ion of bishops in six (h'cnyed coniiminilies. . . . He merely added a bishop to the existing sociclics of Urcihin, Dunbhme, Koks, and Cni,hne»8, wliile in ihc enrlier svH'- i-( Si, .^ndrrs^ rtiid DtmKchi hr sujicrscdwii the KcU>dei H'iil(h'es) by instituting chapters of Kogidar Canons" l«/'/i, p. 30). 41 whose appellation is preserved in Domhnach Sechnall or Dunshaughlin, Co. Meath — were among the number.* Nemthor, the birthplace of St. Patrick, is generally fi.xed at Alcluid, the modern Dumbarton, near the western end of the Wall of Antonine, which was occupied by Roman troops during the alleged period of his birth. St. Patrick is said {Tripartite Life, pt. ii. c. 97) to have ordained seven hundred bishop.s — a number which is reduced to three hundred and fifty in the above-mentioned catalogue of saints, a document, according to Haddan and Stubbs, of a not later period than the middle of the eighth century. Whatever we rnay think of such numbers, it may be safely assumed that bishops were very numerous in the early Irish Church. They were, as has been said, not diocesan like tho.se of the Briti.sh Church, and were often subordinate to the abbots of mon- asteries, when they were not, as in numerous instances, abbots them.selves. The country seems, at St. Patrick's death (A.D. 493, according to the annals), to have been covered with ecclesiastical institutions, chiefly monastic. Before the end of the si.xth century, the great monasteries of Deny (Daire Calgaich), founded A.I). 545; Durrow (I oarmag), founded A.D. 546 ; Bangor (Beannchar), in Down, founded A.D. 558 ; Clonard (Cluain Eraird) in Meath, founded before A.D. 560; and Clonmacnois in King's County, founded A.D. 569 ; — were cele- brated as centres of ecclesiastical learning. Numerous smaller monasteries were .scattered over the country, many of them being ruled over by episcopal abbots, Thus we have, in the annals, records of bishops at the following churches and monasteries before the end of the seventh century : — .\ghalio (founded sixth century). .\irlliirimiige (.Vrmoy. f, llKli century). Ardat;li (1. 454). .\rdbtciain (f. O50). .\rdciitiie (f. 5J3). .\rdinore (f. liftli century). Ardstraw (b 570). Armagh (f. Iiflh century). Hofin (I, of, f. dr.;), licggery Isl,ini|(r. (ilihcentiirx I. Chigher (f. 50(11, Clonard (1. 55J). Clones (f. 54S1. Clonfert (f. 553). Clonfad (1. 577). CoimorfComlere.f. befoic 51 j). Cork (f. O06). Culrailhen (CoUraiiie, f, 5411). Devenbsh (on L, Krne, f. (15s). I'osvn (Dim-Uthglas, f. 5SJ), (iromore (I. fdili century). • 1 his Secundinu!* composed a hymn on ,St, Patrick, which is preserved In several ancient docinncnis, nmong,,t others, jn the .Uiiij.honary of liangoi, a Ms. dated, lioih from internal ami eMernal evideni<>. between a.d. 680 and 6()i (Warren'^ Inliod. to Facsimile 'I e\t, Ilinry I'l.uKhaw Sociel), |.Sii|). >^^..r»».^««:^^...-».^>.^^-.^^..-^^^^^.^^ ? ■ 42 HTSTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. ?mIvnS ?.i; T^n"-' 'r"''^'; """" ' ": ""'"""• ' '■'"' '"'^t'^"''- ^^■''''^'^ ^^-'^ ""t ^o\V^^sc^ by tlic Nortlicrn I'.iiDy InikMcli Tiililiair. f. i;2 I . riMiinrv . ■' Kmly (Inilcach Jiihliair, f. 526) Kcarl Coaibaiii (f. 4()9). KiTii', (Foariia, f. 6^4 ). Korc (in \V. Mealli, f. 630). ()lcii(laloii};li (f. liL-foro 017). Inislikwjii (f. 5^6). Kililaie (f. 4S4I. Killaloc (f. 610). Killarc (in Moalli. f. 5SS). Killossy (CiU Usaillc = Cli. Auxilius, f. 4561. Kilmaciliiajjli (f. 620). ccrUiiry) Lciglilin (f. sovcntli cciilaiy), Lisinnro (f. C57). Loiiih (f. 5J4). McmaslL'ilioicc (f. 521). -Movillo (Mag liilc, d. Odwn, f. sixth ceiitiiry). Xeiidrum (Islaiiil Malicu, Co. I lown, f. about 500). f Rallishco (f. 617). SlaiK' (f. lilili cciUiiry). Tiiam (f. 4ySV until A.l). 704 (Hcdc, v. 1 5-22). The Irish sees of modern times, except Dublin and Limerick, can be traced back to ancient ecclesiastical centres. The extension of Christianity from Ireland to Scotland in the sixth century had, as a result, the conversion of the greater part of ICngland. It was from the monks of I ly, settled on Lindisfarne, that the impulse went forth which made Christian the greater part of the Teutonic invaders. This stream of Teutonic invasion into Britain bishops at the following places :~Aughrim began about A.M. 4.10. As it .spread over the (Gahvay) in A.l). ; 56, Clondalkin in 7S9, Cloon- country, Christianity fell away before it, and craff in 747, I'inglas (near Dublin) in 7.S6, Lynally by the year 597, when St. Augustine landed in in 709, "Mayo of the Saxons" in 726 (an ^''c Isle of Thanet, the whole country, with the luiglishman being bishop), Rathhugh (Rath exception of the region west of the Severn, Aedh) in ■j'^'^, Tallaght * (near Dublin) in 792, t'lc kingdom of Strath Clyde, Cornwall, Devon- Trillick in 79S, Trim in 741. The Monastery •'^''■rc, and part of Somerset, was in the hands of Cloyne had not become a bishop's sec until "f the pagan invaders (l-'reoman, Old Riii^lisli the next century. History, pp. 30, 31). J'he bishoprics in Ireland given or Map XI. Augustine, who up to A.l). 595 had been Prior In the ei;4hth century, mention is made of are taken from the map prefixed to Adamnan's lAfe of Coliiiiibii, edited by the late Bishop Reeves, who entitleil it Scofia ex Adaiiuio Patri of St. Andrews at Rome, landetl at Richborough (Hp. of Stepney, Aii_i;us/iiic ,111,/ //is Coinpaiiioiis, p. 28 ; I laddan and Stubbs, Coiiucils. etc., vol. iii. isqttc Scri/^tis. I have put in brackets those sees P- 3. make the landing-place l^bbsfleet) in .\.D. which do not appear as bishoprics until a later 597' ^i"*-' obtained from King I'",thelbert posses- pcriml than the eighth century, although most ^i*^" '^^ '^^- M^irtin's Church, Canterbury. Tiie of tluin had an earlier existence as monasteries, '^'"g was baptized by him on Junes of the same Indeed, it will be seen from the list given above, y*-"i''- ■'"'■' '" November following, Augustine was which does not pretend to be complete, that consecrated by V'crgilius— .Archbishop of Aries- abbots were often bishops also, and that I'.pis- "Archbishop of the luiglish people." h'rom A.I), copal centres were thus verj' fluctuating. It co,>< tn rmn Iw Mi-r>s,.,-iifo,i k.v. ..,:.....• — .-.. i- .... 1 would not be too much, perhaps, to say that anything like dioceses in the proper sense of the word were unknown in Ireland until the twelfth century.t The Irish Church maintaiiieil its ancient rule of obsirving Kaster, etc., up to .\.l). 633, when the Southern Irish acceptcil the Roman * This wa> a CuKK'O (;.t'. Ci'lc Dr = Sitvik \Wi) nnin.\>tic i'slal)li>linHiU (KooviN, CiiA/iYf, p. 7). Its fniiiulfr. St. Mauhuain, ilio.l A.l>. 7<)J {.liinii.sol L7sl,r. umlcr A.l). 791). It was rDiiiuliil Hvi'iilyfuiir years aflir llic iiislilulioii, liy l'lin)(li'(,';mi; at Mol/, 111' lii> onliT (>r Caiiims, lallcil .U first /),/.';, 7 /'.'w//>//, /, and nfli'rtt.trils ('i//,'«/iv (Ui'i'vcs, Cii/i/iVt, p. 0). .\iniaj;li lmi,'ii,ttyo/ Anihi^li, MS.Trin. Coll., Diil.lin, iliiolcd l>y KccM's, CiiU,<, p. 17). (.'loiulalkin, Cloiiiiiacnoi>, Cloms, .Hid hi'Viiiish were aluii t uldee eeiitres. t llishop keeves (A,,/. .I>i/i\/. ,'f Oi'wii ,111,/ Ciiiior, p. 1 jr.) »ay«, " ll is, Iherefore, reaM>iinli!e 10 >iippt;eineiit, If any existed, w.is very tliiellialim;, aeeordiiii; as I,-ish Clilin=lii>s nn.l in il,,. i,. , ' i- I III . . 1 . . iiiMi v^iiiii Liics, anil n i le two v'ears iin'riwliiiir one reliLMoiis f^taiili-himnl started ml. 1 (vi.lenoc, enioyini; the ]■ s i ■ •■• i>«'< ^ <-ui.-i iMLCCUIllg sliperinlendeiiee of a di.liiiKuislied lieivl, ui anoilui saiiUinlo ''"* "'■*'^''' which took pi. ice in .\, I). (.19, had the olisciitiiy, or waitnovcnii.i i.j a prcsliyieror l.iy nlilioi." misfortune to witness the temporary overthrow 59S to 600 he prosecuted his mission in Kent, and made numerous conveits. In A.D. 601, Mellitus, Justus, and P.iulinus, together with Laurence and I'etir, whom St. Augustine had previously sent to Rome, arriveil at C.mterbury, bearing a pall for the archbishop, hi the following year, the meeting at St. Augustine's Oak (near the Severn, lladd.m and Stubbs; near Crickladc, the Bishop of Stepney) took place, but filled in bringing the British bishops into subjection to Augustine's authorit)'. In A.l >. G04, Mellitus w.is consecrated to London, and Justus to Rochester, anil Laureii- tius bec.ime St. Augiistii.e's successor. St. Augus- tine died May 2<\ ()04, ami was buried at what is now knortii as St. Augustine's, Canlerbtiry. Laurence, his successor, strove (A.D. f)04-f)i9) to reconcile with Rome the British and Scoto- / \ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 43 and were reconverted by Jarunian, ]5i.shop of Mercia, wlio was one of the line of bishops in comnuinion with the Scottish Bishops, and him- self of Scottish ordination (see liaddan and Stubbs, Councils, etc., iii. p. 109). It was during the Archbishopric of Theodore - - - .- . — - ft.--- —r (A. O. 668-690) that the Church ill England was tized (a.D. 627). Ilonorius, tlie last arclibishoj) brought into one communion under the supre- of the original mission, was consecrated by macy of Canterbury— the Roman rule of Easter, Paulinus at Lincoln, A. i). 62S. The mission in together with the Roman customs, having been Northumhria, althoui^h attended with consider- generally accepted. The Council of Hertford able success, had, on the death of King Edwin, (A-D.673)— thefirst Councilof thel'.nglish Church and the ilevastation of Northumbria by the —settled its organization, and the division of heathen King of .Mercia, I'enda, to be abandoned dioceses throughout all ICngland, e.\cept those of in A.I). 6;,3-634. A little later (a.d. 6;/)) the Wcs.scx, Kent, and London, followed (Iladdan of the mission, and the relapse of the h'ast Sa.xons into paganism. Mellitus (A.D. 619-634) and Justus (A.D. 634-627) were the next Arch- bishops of Canterbury. During the archbishopric of the latter, Northumbria, and probably Lindsey, were converted, i'aulinus being ordained bishop by Justus (A.D. 625), and the king, l':dwin, bap- conversion of East Anglia was accomplished by I'eli.x, a lUirgundian bishop, who had received his mission from Archbisluip Ilonorius, and who, as Iladdan and .Stubbs remark [Coiiini/s and Stubbs, Coiiitci/s, iii. pp. ii^ci seq.). It was during the time of Theodore that Sussex was converted (A.D. 68 1-686), and the people of the Isle of Wight in the latter year vol. iii. p. 8()), was ])robably connected with the Bede (/A Reel., iv. 13) tells us that the Scottish Irish Hurguiulian Mission of Columbanus, ami mission had to some extent occupied the with Sigberct during his exile. VVessex was ground already. The English Church being now converteil, first, by an independent Italian organized, began to think (;f its pagan kinsfolk, mission under Hirinus (A.I). 634), and finally by a and missions to the Saxons and to Friesiand Callican bishop from Ireland, Agilbert (A.D. 650) were undertaken respectively by Victbcrcl (Wig- (Ikde, iii. 7), the city of Dorchester in Oxford- bert, A.D. 690) and W'illibrord (.v.D. 692), by shire being made the bishop's see. Winchester Winifrith (St. Boniface, A.D. 718). Leofwin or Cathedral was built within the newly-converted Lebuin (d. 770), and by Willihad in AD. 765-774. area in A.D. 648, two years before the death of Birinus. Xortluiml)ria was reconverteil by Aidan, of the Scoto-Irish Mission, in A.D. 6^5- 651, and two years afteru arils the Middle Angles, the Mercians, and the I'.ast Saxons were brought to the faith by the same mission (see Bede, //. lurl., iii. 31, 32). Iladdan .md Stubbs {Councils, etc., iii. p. 106, note) say, in a note upon the Council of Wiiitby (held before July, U(k\, for the purpose of bring- ing the Scoto-Irish bLshops into agreement with Rome as to tlic lime of keeping I'laster, etc.). It is worthy of note that a small foundation by a certain Maelduf, a Scotic monk, had survived the vicissitudes of the Church in Wessex, and was raised into a considerable abbej- (Malme'.s, /.(■. Maelduf 's bury) by Aldhelm in A.D. 675. "Cdastonbury" (as Iladdan and Stubbs say, iii. 164) must have been British territory until between A.D. 652 and 658 ; and there seems little doubt that the West Saxon Christians at the time of its con34 636 64S ^■53 656 (164 of their foundation : — Kent (Canterbury) Lunilon Kochestc'r Wcsscx (Dorchester (I ),\(in.) ;>nil \\ inehester) Ka^t Anglia (l)unwieli) Wineliester ICssex (Ylliancaenster) |nieri;eil in Londnnl Mercia Nortlunnliria (VorK) During the period between A.D. 6-jt, and 6. S03.* When Christianity was first introduced into J?ritain ami Ireland, monasticism, which had been brought originally from Egypt, was spreading throughout the West. The lingering effects of tlic persecution, the disturbeil state of • The Danish iMv.isiun ilislinlieil the eccle'-iasliial divi'-ion-. ti) .T coii-iileiahle extent. Ile\han), l.eieesler, Siileii.ue'.ter, and Dimwieli ilis,ip|ie.irecl never in he reviveih In the tenth i-entury the former >ees of l.indiNfarne ami Hexham were ni.ide into the Hew diiieesc of Durham. The cihl oieceses of .Sldenacc^ler and I.eieesler, t(i(;ether with I luiclie>.ter, were at the same time inerjie'd in one hiri;e ihueese, with its l'i^ho|).siuol at Dorchester (Oxon.). Dunwich was swalk)«ed up in Elndiatn. Winchester had l!erlricafta) of Columba ; and although Dr. Reeves is inclined to doubt, from the diversity of inonastic practice, the existence of any written Rule of Columba at this time, the document just quoted, which he printed from a manuscript in the lUitgtindian Library of Brussels, shows that something of the kind had been handed down from an early date. Dr. Reeves prints al.so in his monograph on the Cuidccs the Rule of the Cele De, biuh in a metrical (from a manuscript in Trinity HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. College Library, Dublin) and prose form (from the Lcabhar Breac, pp. 82-97). Althoii>,rh there was great diversity in the so-called " Rules " of early Celtic monasteries (sec Ussher's Syl/oge, in vol. iv. p. 500, of his works), we cannot be far wrong in assuming that at the time of the coming of St. Augustine there were at least two prevailing systems in Britain and Ireland — that of Columba and that of the Culdees. St. Augustine introduced the Rule of St. Benedict (born at Nursia, A.D. 480), perhaps in a modified form, and the monas- teries in Britain and Ireland, up to the end of the eighth century, may be distributed among the three Orders named. The monasteries, founded from Lindisfarne, probably followed the Columban Rule— at least until the end of the seventh century — and we have evidence of the existence of Culdccs, who were a kind of Celtic Canons Regular, at York, as serving the cathedral there in a.d. (.jt,6 (sec the passage, summarized from Dugdalc [vol. vi. pt. ii. p. 607, London, 1846], by Ur. Reeves, in his mono- graph on the Culdees, p. 59). Dr. Reeves, following Lingartl {Hist. Aiifflo-Saxoii Churcli, ch. xiii. vol. ii. p. 294, ed. 1845), finds evidence also of Culdees at Canterbury in the time of Ethelred {Cnldccs, pp. 60, 61). The following list, drawn up from Bede, the Codex Diplo- inatkus, the Cartalarium Saxonicuin, Lives of Siiints, etc., gives the chief monastic institutions in lingland up to the end of the eighth century, with their approximate foundations. Those with the mark [BJ against them were known as Benedictine monasteries at the time of Domesday, 1088. .Vbinsdon |l!| A.n. . ... 67s •Ack"(?Adcy, StatVonlsliirc) ... 71I1 conUiry .\mcsbury |II| . . . Ooo llar.liicy|l!| 7lh century l!;\ikiii,i; lli| 71I1 century Ii.itli|il| • •> t. ... 676 liciliichswdilli (Uury .Si. Ivliiuiiul >)|li| .. ... 630 lic(irclf;i (licikclcy) Sill eeiiliiry Uiisluim ... 681 lliciloii • •• >. . ... 761 Caistur ... ... 650 Canlcrliury (Si. IVltt ami St. I'aiil) [11| ... 60s Carlisle [HI t •• t > ... 686 Chcrbcy [\)\ ... 678 ♦ llaildau ami .SUiUhs {Coiiii,ih, \. 4J1)) think this phue was nil the Miiilli, ami refer U) a note of the tenth century inenliuiiing an .Wlee in Wensox ; liut see also H'iJ., p. 4O4, note. Clive (Gloucester) [I5| Cnobhcrcsburg (liurgh Castle)... Congresbury Crowlaml [15] Dacor Dceihurst Derauuda (lieclo) Dereham Dover Kly (Klga, He,le) [H] Evesham [H] Finchale (Pacgn.alccli) Fladbury Folkestone Gateshead Gedding — Gilling (Yorkshire) ... Gl.astonbuiy [Ii] Gloucester (.St. Peter's) (r,| ... llacanos (Bede) Hartlepool riexham Ikanho (lioston) Ithanccster (N'thanc;vsler, liede) J-'rrow[li| Kempsey ... Kidilerniinster ... I.aslinghani (LiX-stingic) Leominster Limingc ... Malmcsbury (H| Medeshamstede ireterborougli) [1 Nutscilling (Nursling, Han's) ... Oundlc .. O.vford (.St, Frideswide) lli| ... I'artney I'ershore [l)| I'ctrocstow ... ... ... I'eykirk Keciilver Kedbridgc (Hants) ( Ilreutrurd) Keptiin (Derby) Kilion Rochester [I!) St. Albans |Ii| St. Mary's (Vork) St. Mihired's (Isle of Thanet) ... Selsey Slieppey Minster Sherburne [U] Stamford Stone (Staffordshire) .Slratford-on-Avon Streon;i;shalch( Whitby) Tetbuiy (Gloucester) Tlianel Minster Tewkesbury Tliorney (Cambridge) |l!| Tilbury Timnouth (Northumberland) ... Walton (Vorkshire) Wearinoutli |li| Wedon (Noithamplonshire) ... Wenloch Wesiinin-ler |ll| Whitby (see Slreun.eshalch) Wilton [UJ W'imbonie 45 A.n. ... 790 circ. 6j7 ...?474 ... 714 7th century ... 716 ... 714 ... 650 ... 640 ... 673 ... 714 7th century ... 691 ... 630 7th century ... 659 5th century ... 6S0 7tli century 7th century ... 674 ... 654 . . . 630 ... 684 ... 799 ... 736 ... 648 ... 660 - 633 ... 67s - 655 ... 700 ... 711 - 735 7th century ... 689 Otli century .Stii century ... 669 ... 6S0 ... 660 ... 658 ... 600 ••• 793 732 ... 670 ... 681 ... 67s ... 671 ... 658 ... 670 ... 703 ... 656 ... 680 71I1 century ... 7«5 ... 682 .. 630 ■■ f>33 .. 686 ... 074 ... 6S0 .. 680 604 .. 656 •• 773 • 713 4^ iirsroRrcAL cirukcii atlas. Wiiirluonil]!' WiTulusiir |l;| \Vitliiiii;i(i]i ( W iiiccski) WoRX'stlT |11| ... 787 . . . 646 71I1 cciiUiry tilli I'L'jitiiiy MAP XI. The British Isles, with the Ecclesiastical Provinces, 1066 - 1540. Till'; Norman Coiuiucst in 1066 broiiglit luit^laiT' out of it.s insular i.solation, and made it in more than one .sense an intet,^ral part of Juiropc. Imm- five centuries it liad contented itself with its own internal development, and ^•ave but sh'i,dit heed to the secular ami ecclesi- astic.".' changes going on in continental Euroiie. Its national character was now largely modified by liie introduction of feudalism, and its ecclesi- astical and political e.xcliisivcness and inde- pendence began to give way in face of the wider interests opened up by its new continental connections. The papacy, which had been steadil>- gaining ground amid the di.ssensions of the I'luropcan powers, profited by the conquests of one of its adherents in asserting a larger authority over the ecclesiastical institutions in the ]?ritish Isles. The immedi.ite result of the comjuest was to substitute in England foreign ecclesiastics— accustomeil to obey the Tope— for the semi-independent and native ecclesi- astical authorities. The Common Law was re- placed in all ecclesiastical cases by the Canon Law, which made the Tope the supreme arbiter in place of the king, and by the feudal .system the bishops became great temporal barons as well as spiritual lords. Such a state of things led irresistibly to an antagonism between tlie rulers of the Church and the rulers of the State, and the conflict between William II, and Archbishop Aiiselm, and that of Henry II, with Thomas HecUet, were i.ssues which flowed naturally from the ne>v conditions. The secular authority had, in the end, to bow befoie the spiritual, and Henry II. 's public penance at the tomb of his murdered archbishop was an open testimony to the victory of the Church. The victory of the Church was still further secured when King John submitted to the Tope in 1213, and re- ceived back from him, as a feudal vassal, tlie kingdoms of England and Ireland, which he h.ad surrendered to the Roman pontiff. The Norman prelates and abbots set to work (1075 io,S8) to render the cathedrals and abbeys of England something like those that they left behind them in Normandy, and an age of build- ing set in, of which we see still .some of the magnificent results in the Norman work of many of our great ecclesiastical structures. New monasteries, endowed by the Norman barons, sprang up all over the l.md, and the parish' churches participated in the general movement ill favour of more worthy temples for God's worship. As a result of the rivalries of the Archbishops of Canterbur)' and York, the primacy of England was finally decided in f;ivour of the former, and their respective provinces more clearly defined. Two new dioceses— I'dy and Carlisle— were formed— one in each province ; but, although there was a dislocation of the seats of the bishop.s, there was little or no change of diocesan limits. In the province of Canterbury, Thetford, which arose in 1075 out of the former dioceses of Elmham and Dunwich, was transferred in 1094 to Nor^vich. Chester, and then Coventry, took for a time the place of Lichfield, but before long the joint title of Coventry and Lichfield came into use. ri>ichester, in 1075, took the place of Selsey. Sherborne, which had been joined to Ramsbury in 105.S, was now made (in 1075) i ito Okl Sarum, which merged into New Saruin in 1218. Dorchester, which had been transferred to Lincoln in 1095, hatl a new iliocese, Ely, carved from it in 1 109. Bath was substituted' for Wells in 1075, but the joint title, "Bath and Wells," was not used until nearly the middle of the thirteenth century. ICxeter took the place of Crediton and St. (.iermains in 1049. Bangor ('1092), Llandaff (1107), St. David's (ins), and ■'-U. Asaph (114;,) received Norman bishops, who were suffragans of Canterbury. In the province of York, Carlisle was maile a new bishopric, in 1 133, out of the lands which had been won by William Rufus from the King of .Scots. 'I'iie province of C.wtkriuirv contained, in the twelfth century, the following bishoprics':— St. Asaph's, Bangi)!-, Llandaff, St. David's, Bath ("and Wells" from the thirteenth century)! Chichester, Coventry and Lichfield, E.\cter, ' "?fr^ niSrORlCAL CHURCH ATLAS. I"-ly, Hereford, London, Lincoln, Norwicli, Roclicster, Salisbury, Winchester, and Worcester.' There wc j added in 1541 Gloucester und Teterboro M^rh, in 1542 Ikistol, and in 1545 4; Ireland at this *.iine. \\\ the year 1152, John I'aparo was sent to Ireland by Pope Innocent III. as legate. He brought with him four palls, which, at a Council held at Kells (?) in Oxford. Westmnister existed only fro.n .540 the same year, were assigned to the Archbishops to 1550. The province of York, up to the end of the twelfth rentury, claimed jurisdiction over the country from the Humbertothe farthest bounds of Scotland {Con. Loud., 1075); but these claims were never allowed by tiie Scottish bishops, they were as follows :- f»V/^Or\f fr^f r^ 4-?.<»~ t j_l. _ 1^ • • ,- «... . . of Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam. Sir James Ware {History of the Buhops of Ireland, Harris's Ed. ch. xvi.) quotes from the Census Camcralis a list of the suffragans of each province at the time, (iiven in modern names except, for a time, by the Bishop of Whithorn, who accepted the Archbishop of York as his metropolitan, the remaining suffragans of York being the Bishops of Carlisle and Durham. Chester, made out of Cheshire, Lancashire, and part of Yorkshire in 1541, was then added to the province. Scotland was declared in i iM.S, by Pope Clement III,, to be immediately subject to Rome. In 1472 Sextus IV. erected St. Andrews into an archiepiscopal and metro- politan see, with all the other bishops as suffra- gans, including Galloway (Whithorn), the Isles, and Orkney. Sodor (Sudreyar, the Southern Islands) and Man received bishops from Nor- way t'rom 1 1 54 until the middle of the fifteenth century.* Orkney was acquired from the Arch- bishop of Trondjcm in Norway in 1468. In 1492 Innocent VIII. erected Glasgow into an archbishopric, with metropolitan rights over Dunkeld, Dunblane, Galloway, and Argyll. Not long after (date uncertain) a further arrangement of the two provinces was made. Dunkeld and Dunblane were restored to St. Andrews, and the Isles were given to Glasgow (see Grub, i. ^-fG, 3.SS). Man was transferred to York in 154S. The provinces of IkKLAND. — Mansi (xx. p. 951) speaks of a Council held in Ireland in 1097, at which the Archbishop of Canterbury was recognized as the primate of the country. But this is not only in direct opi)osition to the testimony of the native historians, but is also hardly in keeping with the relations— or, rather, absence of relations— between England and * As staled on y. 33, all the liislioiirics in Nnrw.iy, etc., were plare.l l,y liniocenl II. (1133) umler llic Archliisliop of 1 laml>uri;.|lremon. This acecmiils lui- .i note kimlly sent me hy the Dishop of Ivlinhniiili—io «h.jm ! am olh.crivisc inilrhti-.l— that the Archhishop of llamlmrt; claimed for a time jurisdiction over Orkney, Under the Archbishop of Armagh- Down. Connor. I-outh (Oriel or ('loyher| Clonard. Kells. Ard.agh \al. ConmaicmJ. Kaplioi" Kathhire. Duleeli. iJerry. Not long after the English conquest (1172), Clonard, Kells, and Duleek were united to form the diocese of Meath. Rathlure was united to Derry. Oriel or Clogher was united with Louth, and continued to exist under the name of Clogher till it was merged, in the thii-teenth century, in Armagh but afterwards revived, Down and Connor were united in the fif' cnth century. Dromore does not occur in this list, but a bishop of this sec appears in 1227 (Ware, p. 259). Clonmacnois was transferred to this province from Tuam. It was united to Meath in 1568. Kilmorc appears as a bi.shopric of the province in 1453. Under the Archbishop of Dublin— (Jlemlalough [annexed to Dublin in 1214 (Ware)]. Kerns [this and Leiyhlin have formed one nniled diocese since 1600J. ( ).isory. Lcighliii. Kildare. Under the Archbishop of Cashel — Killaloe. Limerick. Inis Calhy (Scatlery Mand) Idividcd Killaloe, anil Ardferl after 1172I. Kilfcnora |transferreii to Tiiani after i66o|, l-:mly [annexed to Cashel after 1O60]. Koscrea [annexed afterwards lo Killal(pej. Walerford (united to I.isniore in 13O3]. Lismorc. Cloyne. Cork (united first with Cloyne (1431) and with R, Ross. Ardfvrt (annexed, together with .\glKid.ie. lo l.inicrick altir l66o(. .\yhadoe [annexed to .VrdfcrlJ. l'«-iween l.iniciick, ('5^3)1. 48 IJIsrORTCAL CHURCH ATLAS. Under the Archbishop of Tu;im- \i W w « \ I'. 1 1 lo Aniintjli ami iiiiilcd t II lll.silnlirif (il " Mayn of the Saxcms " * |aiuii'x«I aflcrvvanls Id I'li.nii. Isill.ila |j and Durjdalc's Moiiast. Auglicanuin). Rayner (op. cit.) gives the following arms of some of the IkMicdictinc houses :— OlTllOlMIT APM' ClIIKIMM*. All«tl*S. Ml.'JCl')! 49 »"» P*io»»ivt DiHU. - a' The Reformed Benedictines, or Cluniacs, had liouses in the following places : — Barnstable, Stainesgatc (Ess(x), Clifford (Heref), Horton (Kent), Fcversiia.n, Thetford (Norfolk), Bromholme (Norfolk), Westacrc (Norfolk), Castleacrc (Norfolk), Rainham (Nor- folk), Slevesholin (Norfolk), Northampton, Daventry, Lenton (Notts,), Blythc (Notts.\ Wcnlock (Salop ), Moiitacute Abbey (Somerset), Dudley (Staffs.), Lewis (Sussex), Bermondsey (Surrey), Farleigh (Wilts.), Arthington (Yorks.), Monkburton (Yorks.), I'ontefract (Yorks.). The Cistercians had the following religious houses : — In England — Wavcrley, Tintern, Ricvaulx, C.arendon, I'ountains, Eord Abbey, Wardon (Line?.), Thame, Bordesley (Worcs j, New Minster (Inirhani), Kirksted (Lines.), Kirkstall, Louth Park, Kingswood (Gloucs.), Whitcland (Wales), K so R HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Cumhir (Wales), Rcvesby, Pipcvvell, Wobiirn, Boxley, Dorcrileref ), Vaudey(Lincs.). Bitlcsden, Bruernc, Roche Abbey, Saltrey, Furness, Neath (Wales), Quarr Abbey (Isle of Wight), Basing- werk (Waic^) Combermere, Calder Abbey, Rushen Abbey (Isle of Man). Swincshead! Stratford (London), Bildewas, Buckfastleigh, Byland, Coggeshali, Sawley. Rufford, Mcreval, Sibton, Joraval (Jerveaulx), Combe Abbey (Lich.). Melsa (Meaux, Yorks), Stanley (Salis- bury), Flcxley, Holm Ciiltram. Tilty (Essex), Stoneley (Warws.), Strata Florida (Wales), Strat- margcl (Wales), Bindon (Dors.), Whalley, Robert's Bridge, Crokesden (Staffs.), Aberconway (Wales), Caerleon, Kemmcr Abbey (Wales), Vallis Crucis (Wales), Dunkesuell, Beaulieu! Mendham, Grace Dicu (London), Hayles, Valley Royal (Chesh.), Rowley Regis. In Scotland — Melrose, Nevvbottle, Kinloch, Dundrainen, Coupar, Glenluce, Ciilros, Deer, Balmerino,' Dulce Cor. In Ireland — Meliifont, St. Mary's (Dublin), Boyle, Nenagh, Baltinglas.Shrule, Inislounagh (co. Tip.), Newry] Odorney, Fermoy, Ardstraw, Jierpont, Dun- brody. Abbey Leix, Kilcooly, Inch, Monaste- revan, Knockmoy, Grey Abbey, Corcumroe, Kilshanny, Cumber, Kilbeggan, I lore Abbey. These were all founded between 1129 and 13S1 (see lanauschek, Origiunm Cisteniensiiiw, tomus i., Vienna, 1S77). The chief Carthusian religious houses in England were — Whitham (in Somerset), Ilenton (Wilts.), Charterhouse (London), Fair Valley (Notts.)' St. Anne (Coventry), Kingston-on-Ihill, Mount Grace (Vorks.), Epworth (Lines.), Sheen (15 14, Surrey) (sec Guigone, Statiita Ord. Cartiisiciisis, •'■'-., Basil, 1 5 10). •ioU.SK.S OK THE CaNONS RegUL.VR OF ST. Augustine. The Canons Regular lived in community like the monk.s, anu i'ollowed a Rule taken from the 109th Epistle of St. Augustine. According to Helyot they were called monks until the eleventh century. Dugdale {Monast Anglic.) gives an account o{ the fouiulation of' their houses in these islands, grouping under the name of Austin Canons, the Hospitallers, the Templars, the Gilbertines, Premonstratensians, and Ma'-u- rines or Trinitarians. The following is the list of the Canons Regular in England : — Dover, Bodmin, St. Germans (Cornwpll), Plym- ton, Waltham (Essex), Pentney (Norfolk), Wal- singham, Thremhale (Es.sex). Huntingdon, St. Cswald's (Gloucester), Barnwell (Camb), Nostell (Yorks), Bredon (Leics.), Hurst (Lines.), Col- chester, Haghmon (Salop), St. James (North- ampton), Worksop, Felley (Notts.), Llanthony (Wales), Carlisle, Dunmow, Holy Trinity (London), Taunton, Hastings, St. Mary Overy (Southwark), Briset (Norfolk), Cirencester, Hex- ham, Studley (Warws.), Landa (Leics.), Thur- garton, Drax (Yorks.), Marton (York.s.), Bolton, Kirkham (Yorks.), Launceston, St. Denis (South- ampton), Ledes (Kent), Haselbury (Somerset), Kcnilworth (Warws.), Stone (Staffs.), Dunstable, South wick (Hants), Merton (Surrey), Osncy — ar Oxford, Routon (Staffs.), Pynham (or Cal- cetum) near Arundel (Su.ssex), Lilleshill (Salop.), Gisburn (Yorks.), Scarthe (York.s.), Nutlcy (Bucks.), Bissemede (Bed.s.), Bridlington, St. Bartholomew (Smithfield, London), Wartria (Yorks.), Twynham (Christ Church, Hants), Heringham (Sussex), St. Osythe (Essex),' Ixivorth (Suffolk), Norton (Chester), Newburgh (\'orks.), Hode (Yorks.), Egleston (Durhain), Dorchester (Oxford), Thornton (Lines.), Bru- more (Wilts.), Harcwold (Beds.), Brinkburn (Northumb.), Ley (Exon.), Bruton (Somerset). Bradenstoke (Wilts.), Nocton (Lines.), Wigmore (Heref ), Thornholm (Lines), Darley (Derby), St. Augustine (Bristol), Coxford (Norfolk), Bru'nne (Lines.), Newenham (Beds.), St. Radegund's (Kent), Kyme (Lines.), Butley (Suffolk), De Novo Loco near Guildford (Surrey), Bcrliz (Somerset), Wombrigg (Salop.), Caldwell (Beds.), Tunbridgc (Kent), Anglesey (Camb.), Trentham, Warmley (Heref), Royston (Camb), Rowcester .(Staffs.), Erdbury (Warws.), Poghele (Berks.), Cumbwell' (Kent), Wosprinf (Somerset), Marlborough (Wilts.), I vychurch ( xVilts.), Buckenham (Norfolk), Cold Norton, O.sulvcston (Staffs.), Thorksey (Lines.), Repingdon (Derby), Caerniarthen,Wikes (ICssex), Burccster (Oxford), Ilartla.id (Devon), Helaghc (Yorks.), Canons Ashby (Nortliants),' Haverfordwest, Woodham (Essex), Ipswich,' Finncshead (Northants), Keynsham (Gloucs.)', Cartmel, Lesnes (near Rochester), Burscough HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Sf ■i ! * (Lanes.), Stavcrdale (Somerset), Dodford (VVorcs.), St. Mary (Leicester). Grimsby. St riiomas the Martyr (Staffs.), De Novo Loco (N'otts.), Hick-ling (Norfolk). Stonelcy (Hunts) Moberlcy (Chester), Spiney (Camb,), Motesfont' (Southampton). Frithelstoke (Devon), VVroxton (Oxford), St. Mary de Pre (Norfolk). Acornbury (Heref.), Bilsington (Kent). Hradley (Leics) Michelham (Sus.sex). Ratlinghope («/, Ratling- cope, Salop.), Ravenston (Lines). Glannauch (North Wales), Chetwood (Bucks,). Lacock (Wilts.). Selburn (Hant.s), Kirkby (Leics.), Ash- ndge (15uck.s.), Reigate (Surrey). Haltemprise (Yorks.),Badelesmere (Kent). Marstoke(Warvvs ) Bustlesbam or ]?isham (Berks.), Flanesford (Heref). Edindon (Wilts.), Dertford (Kent), Syon Monastery and Nunnery (Middlesex), Flixton, Hempton. Woodbridge, Lyes (Essex), North- ampton, Ulvescroft (Leics.), Canonleigh (Devon), Shelbrcdc (Sussex). Torpington. Markeby. The Canons Hospitallers had houses in t'-c following places : — St. Leonards (Vorks.), Carman's Spitell (Yorks.), St. Gregory (Canterbury), Brackley (Northants), St. Julian's near St. Alban's, Ripon (Vork.s.), St. Giles (London), St. iMary of Bethlehem (Bishop.sgate), St. Bartholomew (Smithfield), Holy Innocents (Lincoln), Ilford (Mssex), St. Peter's (York). St. Mary Magda- lene (Colchester), St. John and St. Leonard (Aylesbury). Barton La .rs (Leics.), St. Giles extra Londoniam, St. James's (Westminster), Tanridgc (Surrey), St. John Baptist (Stamford).' Santingfeld near Whitsand, Scarborough, St. Giles (Salop,), Romenal (Kent), St. Bartho- lomew (Oxford), Maiden Bradley (Wilts.), St Thomas the Martyr (Hacon, London).' St John l^aptist (Lynn). St. Mary Magdalene (Lynn) Kynewa!dgravcs( Yorks.), St. Margaret's (Hunts.)' Hornchurch (ICssex), Herbaldun (Kent), St.' Sepulchre's (Hedon, Yorks.), ILavering (lissex) I':ilesham (Lines.), St. Mary (Dover), Conyn^s- head (Lanes.). St. John Baptist (Coventry), Ikidgewatcr. Bridgnorth, St. John's (Wells)! Strood (Kent). Sherburn (Durham). Sutton (Yorks.), Marlborough. St. Laurence (Bristol) Buckland (Somerset), St. Thomas (Southwark), Domus Dei (Southampton), Sandon (Surrey),' Rouncevall. near Charing (London), St. John (Oxford). De NovO Loco (Stamford), .St. John Baptist (Nottingham), St. John Baptist (Ludlow) SI Lechlade (GIoucs.), Ledbury (Heref.), St. Leonard (Leics.), Langridge, Gaunt or Billeswick near Bristol, Glanford Bridge (Yorks.), St. Bartholo- mew (Gloucester), Gretham (Durham), Estbridge (Canterbury), Bolton (Northumb.), Basingstok^e, St. Katherine at the Tower (London). St. John Baptist (Exeter), St. Paul (Norwich), St. Giles (Norwich). Pontefract (Yorks.). Elsing Spittel (London), Barking near the Tower (London), St. Mary (Leicester). Hythe (Kent). Holbech(Lin'cs.)," St. Nicholas (York). Bowes (Guernsey), Wolver- hampton, Holy Trinity (New Sarum). Knolls Almshouses, Pontefract, Okcham f Rutland) Donnington (Berks.), Newcastle - on - Tyne' Ewelme (Oxford), Sherborn (Dorset), Bocking (Essex), Todington (Beds.), Richmond (Yorks)" Dertford (Kent), Holy Cross (Winchester), Stok- faston (Leics.). Heightesbury (Wilts.), Savoy (I-ondon). The Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem (founded 1 104) had theirchiefhou.se at Clerkenvvell, London. The Knights Templars, before their dis- solution in 1307, had vast possessions in the country, and preceptories at several places, their head-quarters being the New Temple, London. The Order of the Holy Sepulchre had houses at St. Sepulchre's, Warwick, and at Thetford (Norfolk). The Canons of the Premonstratensian Order, who were instituted by St. Norbert, . .rch- bishop of Magdeburg, in 1 1 19, at Premontre in Champagne, had houses at— Ncwhouse (Lines.), Alnwick (Northumb.), Blyborough (Suffolk), Hcppe (Westmorland)' Tupholme (Lines.), Welbeck (Notts.), Croxton (Leics.) Leystone (Suffolk), Bcauchief (Derby). Blancalanda (Blanchland. Northumb), Ncwby (Lines.), Lavinden (Bucks.), Wendling (Norfolk), Hagneby( Lines.), Dale(Derby), Langdon (Kent)' West Dereham (Norfolk), Maldon (l^ssex), Sulby (Northants). Cokersand (Lanes.), Begeham (Sussex). Barlings (Lines.), iirodholm (Notts.) Coverham (Vork.s.), Richmond (Yorks.\ Torre near Torbay (Devon), Halesowen (Salop) Langlcy (Norfolk), Tichfield (Southampton). The Gilbertincs, founded by Gilbert of Sempringham in the reign of Henry L, had monasteries or nunneries at Sempringham (Lines,), Havcrho'm (Lines.), Chick.sand (Beds.) Bullington (Lines.), Watton (Yorks.), Alvinghain E 2 '"" i f ,S2 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. (Lines.). St. Andrew's (York), Stixwould (Lines.), Ormsby (Lines.), Sixhills (Lcic), Maresey (Lines.), De Novo Loco on Ancolm (Lines.), l^attley (Lines.), St. Katherine (Lincoln), Hey- nings (Lines,). Holland-brigg (Lines.), Walton (Yorks.),ShouIdham (Norfolk), Ellcrton , Vorks.), Ovcton on Hertnes (Durham), Wells (Lines.), and Pulton (Wilts.). The Order of the Holy Trinity for the redemption of captives had houses at Thelesford (Warws.), Mottinden (Kent), Ingham (Norfolk), and at Knaresboroucrh. There were .several houses of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine in Scotland, some of tiiem, as Dr. Reeves conjectured, probably taking the place of earlier Culdees— ^.^. Coldingham (ad Montem Coludii, Lundoris, Aberbrothoc, Dryburgh, Dunfermling, and Balmerinach. I'YxANCI.SCAX Fl.IARS IN' ENf.I.AND. A. Parkinson (A.P.), in hi^ Collectanea Aiiglo- Minoritica (London, 1726), gives a list "of the Towns and Places where heretofore stood the Convents belonging to the luiglish Franciscan Province " (p. v. of the second part), and also furnishes (p. i.), from ILirold's E/>itomc of U'af/,li/tx's .] minis of the I'riars Minor, the custodies, with their convents, existing in Mritain in 1400. They were as follows ;— The custody of London consisted of nine convents, viz. London, Canterbury, Winchelsea, South ;inipton, Ware, Lewes, Chichester, Salis- bury, and Winchester. The custody of York had seven convents, viz. York, Doncaster, Lincoln, Boston, Heverlcy, Scarborough, and Grimsby. The custody of Cambridge had nine convents, viz. Cambridge, Norwich, Colchester, Bury St. Kdiiuiiid's, Dunwich. Walsingham, Yarmouth, Ipswich, .uul Lynn. Tlie custody of Bristcjl had nine convent.s, vi/. Bristol, Gloucester. Hridgewiter, Hereford, Exeter. Cacrmarthcn, Dorclicstcr, Cardiff, and Bodmin. riie cust(Kly of O.xford had eight convents, viz. O.xfortI, Reading, Bedford, Stanford, Notting- ham, Leicester, and Grantham. The custody of Newcastle had nine convents, viz. Newcastle, Dundee, Dumfries, Haddington! Carlisle, Hartlepool, Berwick, Roxborough, and Richmond. The custody of Worcester had nine convents, viz. Worcester, Preston, Bridgworth, Shrewsbury, Coventry, Chester, Lichfield, Lancaster, and Stafford. At the time of the dissolution there were several additional houses, e.g. Aylesbury, Beau- maris in Anglesea, Brough in Westmorland, Greenwich, Hamel in Hampshire, Ludlow, Marlborough, Maidstone, Milton in Dorsetshire, Newark (Notts.), Penrith, Plymouth, Pontefract, Stoke (Somerset), and Warrington. Parkinson gives the following description of the seals of some of the convents, or perhaps custodies, the memory of the rest being lost :— Greenwich, the Holy Name of Jesus. London (now the " Hospital for the Blue-Coat Boys "), St. Francis. York, St. Thomas the Martyr. Cambridge, the Stigmata of St. P>ancis. Bristol, St. .Anthony of Padua. O.xford, St. Agncllus, or Angelus. Newcastle, St. Francis with a cross in his hand. Worcester, St. Bernardin. There were a few houses in England of ti-; nuns of this Order, called Poor Clares, or Mino- re-sses, the most famous of which w .-.s that which gave its name to the Miiiories in London. Tiie other houses noted by Parkinson (Api)endi.\, p. 2) arc Waterbi :h and Denncy in Cambridgeshire, and Briscyard in Suffolk.'* Of the other Orders of Friars— the Dominican or Black, the < armelite or White (founded I20(j), and the Austin or y\ugusfinian iMiars— there were representatives in almost every town of note. The Carmelites gave their name to Whitefriars, the Dominicans to Blackfriars, and the Augustinians to Austin I'Viars, London. The I'"ranci.seans were called Grey l''riars. The following map.s, based on those in the Valor Kcclcsia.'iticns of the time of ileni)' \'III., exhibit the chief monastic houses, and the ecclesiastical divisions of luigland at this period. • I V.1 1 son (//;.(/. .1/,;/, .y /w;,:/,;/,,/, p. 0.^) ^jivcs, fiom I )ii«. il.ilc, Tnniicr, and (iodwin, a list of rcligimis liousis csml,li,li,.'iniiig cilU iliori' ucie uf— HniciliiiiiK's. \s,i\n \-z. I'lomimslnKi'iisiaiiH, J4. Can, Kcc, nf.Si. Austin, iH.S. .\li,n, 97. Clunidi- (Kff.irniid Ik'ni'illc- liroy Triars (t'rttnciHrans), lu, linis), .jl. Ulark I'riarH, .jj in 55. t.i.slcrcians, So. iMlicr liiars, 83. niUit'rtlncs, as. i^ < t MMHfel mkm HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. S3 II n i ^ '* " ' \ v-vufm/: ■». I ,-.,," « V "'"•■•■'■ Th X'"" \.,jin~, nv:":;'.'.. ^^ ^^ A MAI' TO iiLutriiATe \.,jn)j« nv:.',-!:;'..',. -- ^ • - aiTn.iiiiiiiintnr •'ANTKHHVKY 'Z»B:«"^'r ■■>.•.".'■' J I 54 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. "5 (^ -W^' HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 55 <> 1» ".iii/i. -vv, ,...-....1 X -.w„,,vUp-» .x^-^K/s. V Ja >v.»i\hiii,i;"V •n.^,,,1 Ki4ni.-w.iiii,«w;^' j'»™<;i^ji|,„i(i.„ '(i„-.iiii i \ "'*' ihi.,ji* -V''"" '" Cl'H«»l)lli;SJJ|AM\; T»?j.....-.i.m.- ^ ^\ -i 1. f' m...l.l.;J«l„7^.*"l"l"" , V 'T''''"''"V'>,,il.,., • \ "^...^^^rt'^A '."n;..-,,„, .rr^-' - - . -AlACCLKSl-liU) J tat ^-^^ ' ' TO lUUSTRATt /f,i,„.„*\M A I'll 1 -^iV,k,u, 1 ■iS ■ - '." ■'i >*,,*.., <,t,x ,,,>• / I I ;;«•■"•->.»»..(.■,„/;„,„, P3- l.taig Vfrttt iif (irrmwiiit .vru/i/i>'>ff t»vy'A»iai»';„i/i.fcw( 4^ 56 niSrORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. \Mlr,u{„h Minimi Dninn'm .lamm vt ,» i .'\j'. ., I rrf/,,VM H„rk„ 1 |< V"""'"'""' |\ WK iTTM H L.AN 1) ^ ^ i ! i I HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. U-iuLm tuhttthM \\ iht S»mfpr Ar t^mutUifHttrtgitM 57 ^ H ri,^ 58 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 'i I / i HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 59 60 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. ■ A MAP TO lll.USTnATE W.-inncM .V o NORWICH ScaleofKnilishMili-.s 5 L__ _J£I '= REFERENCE Rmuiiiiin of Pre Relhrmatifln Dioffte BtHuui(ir\' tit' . Modern t)io ..WALSIJOHAM \n„i T SlK-lii^lilir^ ^ H E A C H A M .' ^ ^W,USLVllHAM /^S ' \ aNOJ(JHHEH>S <$^ 1. <-l\.'^ - °/ ■■ / R E/ P P S Fakpiihuin ^ . , i ■ x -v. ^ ^; TOni<^,.- ■■ - A:^ .Fmiishiim ■; '«- ;W|sh..- • ...'w IpR.''.""' k'lUirarttiT* „ , SPARH«M . bllmhoiU Rffjihiun A/ VI ui • B R 1 S L E Y ^ \i,A / 't DtTchaiu ••--. IJPTAVKKHAM asrAniiAM.ri' '■; , -X'' ■ \ ,^J\_ »Plolml .IdVr J'«.. . F l|N C H A M , / .■■■■•^:^ ...rfy >J ^"^ ' '^.^—-v a MipHfTllrt'S + lu F ij N C H A M t Mnlycoin UMBLtYARDJ' ''^ r KAXWirH Hrimihill ^/*e^ '^ Hrniiui,.n *l,..,lAm Y"'''""'!" BROOKE ■1)1^»-*'.v.,.:,»o'. bli-bamt / ^^,A.,^__^ B L A C K\B U B N E ^IMisailf UKnM'Jti'iiIiiii5l BIKIINE ;''il'.Jp.,wortU. ■* t"aii^tor« KOKDHAM \ r' li.'l.ilrn, /'",'''\C L A R E 7- '• ! ll.mK.lc.ri'-/ yr.vi' 1 rliwiirth : HARTlSM.&^Rt H OiX N E ^_ ' lli.lwQlil'llll. \ ^ ;• ■.,M™,ll.al),.m iio.i-- ]- '^^' .S/amininrnor\.V • \ •k;"«'C«»o«t.t\ <- / t '*A N. ' \ O \ yww»» f -. \ s -ho w ;■ ; 4^"^ ■ ** . . (^hiui) Marli('l.\ V ■■..■•■■■.■■ *V^' ( i.Avno /■ \ ('|,i|>l,.vl / . 'Hlviiilra iiunnlli(niimi Uiwold INWICU l.l.'liUlgll J*»~;^' / '^ // -1 .V .V /; /. A MAI' TO llLUSTR/-r SOITi SaXON DIIICKSK REFintNCI -.'»... Mtlilll lisl- ^H ^.'^-V.mr.rrXg.-^ . ...«^..».i.»,,«u,.; '■^*lt HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 65 tn-m Vulvr t\xl Tanp. Um VtB Stanfortts OeotffEstab I HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. l.M.ll.ii WrsTHRN sKcilox, HISTORICAL CIIVRCII ATLAS. ..^ liXKI'lvK I;AHTKUN SIU TI()\, 68 nrsTjRfCAL cnuRCii atlas. h HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 69 i^ 1/ » » » .. . " I > I n 1 M c I ll«iiii,lui-\ .il.Hnlrrn /'(,»•,.*• r --r «■"'"'■"■'■■» 'k ',„„„, ,tf-,«„/,„,M.„,„.r,r,. ,„ ^,/ IW,;,,, M.,„w.«,.,. ,V/„„,,.,,...,,C /K,.r.,-,, '.'i/W.< 0t>'jir:if4,iv.,l £.,l,it,' nisroRicAL ciirRcif atlas. r " A MAP TO ILLUSTBATt THE ST DAMD's niocicsi: Srnlf nl' KiifQuh Milri /..,„.,,„,, ,.,7„„.., ,„„„„. ,^ l„/,../i-,w„,„.„„„, H.y„l.,n,; ,t /),„„,„,, ,„ , , W, UK, ./,,„„,,„ i-jj •SlIiuriilH •%! „A <^l-V 1~% '; :t >< f l'ur,„.uil,.„ ..V- > *7DUI1GLED0V«' C>HM«1»Tm/en ''" 2-4> <,, ft A MAP XII. The Spheres of Oversight of Anglican Churches on the Con- tinent and in Western Asia. TlIK iiitcicoiiisc between I'ln^Haiui and tlie Continent Iiad increased lart;cly duriiii. the middle of the present century, and necessitated some episcopal supervision over the Church of Kngland chaplaincies at the principal political centres, the chief liealth resorts of ICuropc. and in the ICn-lish i)ossessions of Gibraltar, Malta, etc. The increasinn; mnnber nf l-.n-lish visitors to the Holy Land had also made some provision f.T their spiritual ovcrsi-ht needful. Steps were acordin-ly taken in 1S41 to provide a bishop for the Kn^Hish communities in these regions, and in tliat year the first Kn^^lish bishop for Jerusalem and the J'last was con- secratrd at l.ambeth, and in the foliowintr year (IS4_') the first bishop of Cihraltar was ap- |.ointed. In iSSf. a coailjutor - bishop of London for Northern and Central lunopj was al.«o appointed. s » Dmci'SK ()!■ Giiik.M/iAk. (i.untry ilid not take readily to the Reformed doctrincs.f In • As ciirlyas 1507 (^r /,/;■ of lliiiU,/, ONf.inl, iHii, p, iGn) lliorewcrc .mvliiit;s nf Di^scnleis, wlm, r.jiriinn l!.^' HhuU ..f ( ..ii.m.m I'laycr, nni,K> use .,f a |,„„|< fninu.i at (imcv.i (also see Ncals//„/,.o'. .////,■ /•/,;•//,„„, |la,h, l7W,^ul. i. ,,,,. 4,8, 4,9). T Ihi' iiiiiyrc^> uf tile Refnrmucl (li)ciriiip« ji, helasu! «-. ^lr^■n^^,„ly rosiHle.l l.y ( Ic.rKo CrunuT, Aiclil.UImp „r ArmaKlT an.) ah,, by his micccsm.i, ArcliLislu.], Dowdall. \i KinJ i fl :! J//S TO RICA L CIIUR Cir A TL A S. Scotland Calvinism obtained from the outset such a strong position, that the ancient ecclesi- astical system was entirely subverted.* The discovery of the New World did not for a long period lead to the immigration thither of any number of English people, and the interest of the Church in such colonies, when they were founded, was not of an effective character. John and Sebastian Cabot, sailing from Bristol discovered Newfoundland in 1497 ; but it was not until 160; that, after many ineffectual attempts, the first permanent settlement of English people was made on the shores of this continent on the James River in Virginia. Three years afterwards (1611), Newfoundland was colonized by the l-.nglish, and in 1620 the first settlement in what was afterwards known as New England was formed. Jamaica was con- quered in 1655, and English colonies had settled, from 1640 onwards, in other West India islands,' Henry NIII.'.-, inst.mcc the .\rclibisliopric (if Dublin, which fell y.ic.int Ml I5J4, was nilcl «p by the .ippoinlmcnt of Heoriie JJmwn, rrovii.cial of tlie AuMin Friari in Knglaiul. He was a.nsecrated by Cannier, Archbishop of Canterbury, Fisher, I.ishop of Rocliester, ami Shaxton, liishop „f .Salisbury. ..ccor.l- n\X to the Roman Onlinal, and became the leader of the new move- ment. At a conference held by himatClonmel, two archbishops and eight bishops accepte.l the new order of thinrs ; but il was not until 1550 that the majority of the bishops i.lentilled ll„ n,- selves wul, the Kcformalion. Owing, however, to the facl that the Irish language prevailed almost evervwhero, and tha; no steps were t.aken to put the Liturgy into that tongue, .and but lew of the new bishops wen' conversant wiih it, the Reformed doctrines made liltle or no progress among the people. * The reformed communion in Scolland was without any bishops liaving canonical consecration till 1610, when llie English church «as called in to imparl the succession. I„ thai year (October 21) the liishops of London, Ely, Rochcler and \\orcester gave consecralion in London to three Scotsmen, who had already, as liiulars, enjoyed Ihe archbishopric of (disgow and the bishoprics of lirechin and Oalhiw.iy During ihe (Ireat Rebellion the episcopal succession was again lost, and again reesiablished (in 166.) by the Consecrati.m to ihe episcopate (December 15) in Weslininster Abbey of four Scots- men, 1^- the Bishops of London. Worcester, Carlisle, an.l Llandaff. Iluis the present EpiHoiul Church in Scotland 1ms no lineal descent from ihe ancient Church of ilial kingdom .She IS a .laughter of the Church of Kngland. .\fter the Ref.,rmation, iheie was no recognized Liturgy in he country nnlil the liilioduclion of Laud's unfortunate book J..nies . «as anvious for a IVayerd.ook like that in use in Kng and, .and in 16,7 .he linglish Liturgy was .actually read in th. U„apel Royal a. Holyr , but i, never gained ground. In f-35 « Eiturgy W..S prepared in Scotland, and w.as submilled by Charles 1. to Archbishop Laud, With eerlain alterations, it wns ordered l.y the I'rivy Council to be used on and afler July aj. I0J7. llie disastrous coiisc.piences which followed its nurodiiclnn m.ay be read in //„• AV,,,^. A, /,„•„//,.,, ,03,, lM'i-"|.ney has had n hard bailie to mainlain even its existence III the country. which were divided between the Erench and English in 1660. The Dutch possessions on the Hudson River became English in 1664. William Pcnn's colony in Pennsylvania was established in 1682, and Georgia was colonized in 1733. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were ceded to England by the Peace of Utrecht in 17 13, and in 176S Canada and all the other Erench settlements in North America were conquered by the ]':nglish. The Virginian .settlement in America was carried out under the auspices of a company which had purchased from Sir Walter Raleigh his rights in the country. The company included Lord Delaware ; Whitakcr, son of a Master of St. John's College, Cambridge ; Sandys, a pupil of I rookcr ; and the pious Nicholas ]- crrar. Sir Walter Raleigh had arranged that ^100 of the purchase-money should be appropriated to the planting of Christianity in this region, and some- tuiiig was done to carry out this design the baptism of the daughter of the chief Pocahontas bein,r .imong the first results. In 1685 the BirJu p of London— under whose care all ]5ritish subjects abroad were placed by an Order in Council of Charles I._sent a "commis.sary " to Virginia, by whom much good was done arrangements being made for the training of native youths for the ministry. A little later, Dr. Bray— one of the founders of the S.l'.C.K.— ' was sent as a commissary to Maryland, which, originally a Roman Catholic colony, had suffered from Puritan persecutions during the Commoinvcalth. The S.P.C.K., from its founda- tion in ifTyS, took a warm interest in missionary work in the Plantations. In the .Minutes of March 17 (1 700- 1). "Dr. Bray reported that nine missionaries to the Plantations are in a very fair way of being completed, /^co (increased to ^600 at the ne.xt meeting) per annum bein-r already subscribed, besides /."so extraordinary ; " and Mr. liobcrt Xclstm reported, at the same meeting, " that a gentleman wiio dcsir's to be unknown, has given 10 guineas to the Planta- tions." The minutes of the Society for many }-ears after this show what efforts were beincr made to promote Christian knowledge on \.C continent of America and the adjacent islands, but It was itot until 1784 that the linglish Chuich in America .cceived its first bishop. In that year Dr. Seabuiy wa^ consecrated, at Abcr,;..wii -«» / V -»> // rilSrORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. PROVINCE OF CANADA. in Scotland, Bishop of Connecticut, the officiating bishops being Kilgour of Aberdeen, Petrie of Ross and Moray, and John Skinner, coadjutor J5ishop of Aberdeen. The difficulties of con- secration by English bishops having at length been got over, Dr. White and Dr. Provoost were respectively consecrated, in 1787, at Lambeth Chapel, Bishops of Pennsylvania' and New York respectively. From this small begin- ning, the American episcopate has grown, until therc^ are now over seventy bishops of the Anglican Communion ministering in the United States. The first bishop of British North America wa^- Bishop Inglis, who was consecrated at Lambeth, and appointed to Xova Scotia in 1787. In 1793 Canada was formed into a bi.-hopric. Dr. Jacob Mountain, consecrated <• Lambeth in that year, being made the first bisi ip of Quebec. In 1 839 Nova Scotia was divided into"" two dioceses- Nova Scotia and Newfoundland— a further division in 1845 leading to the formation of a new diocese— Fredericton. In 1839 the diocese of Toronto was formed out of Ouebec, from which, in 1S57 and 1861, the sees of Huron and <",„._. . ^^.3 ui iiurun ana municants. ijie Ontario were respective y taken \Iontml wns 1 r , !- made a separate diocese'in ,80. In X "/t.^" ™^^' 'l\ ^"^^ '''' '' "" ^'^'^ '''' see of Aigoma, to the north of the ci^n of 1 I '^^^ 'V''' ^'' ''''' "^'^"' ''""^ lakes, was formed, and two years afards no.f t'h' "'k^'"' '"' '"° '"'' ''''''''' (..S7S). Niagara was made a Lparate IcJse Tdnpds'o^'r ,''"""•"• '^^ ^'""'"^ Ottawa was formed into a separate sec in \ T\ , T ' .'^"^ ""'"°" ''^*''°"^- ,896 sepaiate sec in A cathedra! chapter with provisional statutes The diocese of Rupert's I^and-extendin.^ovcr 'l!'.''?" ^"""il' '°""''"""^^ °^ '^' ^'''^°P' '^^ ll>c Hudson Bay Company's terrUo.-Ls if I e u ""'^^'^r^^"^' ^'"^ '^■'^"""^. ^"d four ■■ ^ ^ terntoiics in the hy members, making the organization of the 73 Metropolitan— i:\\c Most Rev. John Tkaveks Lewis, D.D., D.C.L., Archbishop of Ontario. Diocese of Fredericton. (j'encml Description.— Y\\\s dio- cese was founded in 1845, before which time it formed part of the diocese of Nova Scotia. It com- prises the whole of the civil pro- vince of New Brunswick, and is bounded on the north by the pro- vince of Ouebec, on the east by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the south by the Bay of Fundy, and on the west by the State of Maine (U.S.). A narrow isthmu.s, about 15 miles across at its narrowest part, joins it on the south-east to the province of Nova Scotia. The area is 27,174 square miles, and the population, according to the census of 1891, was 321,263. C/inrch Work.— By the last census' (189 1) there were 43,095 members of the Church of England, and there are at present 7284 com- municants. The number baptized was 1205, west-~^was formed in 1849, out of which Moosonec was taken in 1872, and two years later {'1874), two new sees, Saskatchewan and Athabasca^ the latter being further divided in 1884 into Athabasca and Mackenzie River. In the same year Ou'Appellc was formed, and seven years later (1891) Selkirk was made into a new diocese. On the Pacific side of the continent British Columbia became a diocese in 1859, and two new dioceses— Vancouver and Caledonia—were formed in 1879. The following descriptions of the various dioceses are taken from the Ojjid;,S2r,4r,5. .support of their clergy, and to all Chu ch Scatmg accommodat.on svM^. Number of purposes, amounted lasf;ear to s r , 7,73 > T p-rsonages, y. Church population, sZo-^S- baptisms in .893-4 were 1066. ^^ur .oil ^IT^T' V' ?■ '""^ ;^'T'^ '■" '" "'''''^' '■" ^'- >''-' -d '09 confirmed 1; diocese, 228. Pupils, ,7,998. lotal number arc 67 clergy in the diocese. Bishop's Scat. — Montreal. rmv^^j.— Montreal. Area, 44,000 square miles. Diocese of Niagara. General Description.— T\\c see was founded in 1875, and is the smallest of the Canadian dioceses in point of area, although in the number of clergy it exceeds several. Church Work.—'Y\\Q. six coun- ties which form the diocese con- population of 152,000. The tain a total members of the Church of England known of those engaged in Sunday school work officers, teachers, and pupils— 20, 113. Bishop's Seat. — London, Ontario. DiocE.sE OF Montreal. General Description. — This dio- cese was divided from that of Quebec in 1850. It is bounded on the south and west by the United States and the province of Ontario, and on the east by the eastern boundaries of the counties of Herthicr, Richelieu, Bagot, Shefford, and Ikome. The population in 1891 was 739,000. Church Work.-Jho proportion of the Church oflo9,07S.' TlKreis^erylittl^ iii^WigfXriZ of Lngland to the entire population is less than either part of the dioccso. Emigration of the 7 per cent., French and Roman Catholics largely most energetic y.jung people to the Tnitcd predominating. The number of the Church States, and now still more to the north-western members in 189; was about 52,000; of com- territory, impoverishes the diocese, municants about 997«- There are 95 parishes Church Work.-Thovc are 64,4,0 members a,ul missions, with 145 churches, and S3 other of the Church of England in Nova Scotia of stations where services are occasionally held, whom 7000 are communicants. The parishes Bishop's .Stw/.— Hamilton. Dioce.se of Nova Scotia. General Description. — This is the earliest of the colonial sees, and was founded in 1787. It comprises two distinct provinces —Nova Scotia (including the island of Cape Breton) and Prince Edward Island. The former has an area of 20,900 square miles, with a population of^ 450.39^5 ; the latter is much smaller, being 2133 miles in extent, and having a population The clergy number , 10, the lay readers 47, and the students of the Diocesan Theological College, of whom there were 23 last year, work in the vacant parishes and missions during the summer months. In 1895 there were 1585 baptisms, 95 1 confirmations, and seven priests and eight do.icnns were ordained. number 7, and missions eight, and are served by 10, clergy. In the year ,894 there were 1276 baptisms. The Church people in Prince luiward Island arc 6646, of whom 1030 are com- muniants. There are ,0 parishes, with 10 ''Icrg)', The baptisms in 1894 were 105. Bishop's .SVrt/.— Bishopsthorpe, Halifax. ye HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAs. Sit) DiocKsr; oi' Ontario. Ctcucral Description. — The first bishop of this diocese was clectci' on June 13, 1861, but throii>, unforeseen delays was nut ron- secrated till March 25, iS6_'. The viL-/ diocese consists of the fifteen eastern counties of the civil pro- vince of Ontario with that part of the district of Nipissing, which lies south of the Mattawan River, comprising 210 townships in an area of some 20,000 square miles, containing a popu- lation of 490,221. Cliufch Work. — The number of Church people, as reported by the census of i.Syi, is 80,5,^5, "'^ whom only 52,115 appear to be known to the clergy. These arc gathered into 280 congre- gations, of which 23c worship in churches pro- vided with 44,632 sittings, and 50 in school houses, halls, and other buildings. These con- gregations are grouped into 1 1 3 parishes and missions served by 1 16 priests and seven deacons, who report 16,627 communicants. Nine other priests are on the retired list. Bishofs Scat. — Kingston, Ontario. Diocese oe Quei!Ec, (icneral Description. — This dio- cese was founded in 1793, and has a population of 560,000, of whom 500,000 are French. Those living on the coast are fishermen ; those in the district between the St. Lawrence and the United .States border are engaged in agriculture. Timber is exported from Quebec. Sherbrookc is the capital of the agricultural district, and has also some beginnings of manufacture, There is little immigration — more leave the country than come to it. Church Work. — The number of Church members is 26,760; of communicants, "J 'Si'. There are iiS consecrated churches and 39 mission stations, and 67 clergy, six of them pensioned. The number of persons confir.ned in the year 1894 was 485; and there were 11 ordinations. Bishop's Seat. — Quebec. Z'tVvvVc^/;;'.— District of Gaspc, Quebec, Three Rivers, and St. Francis. Diocese of Toronto. (icneral Description. — The see wa:. founded in iSjq. ]5y succes- sive subdivisions the original area now comprises five dioceses. It is l.^onnded on the north by the Georgian ]^ay and Muskoka territory, on the south by Lake Ontario on the east by the diocese of Ontario, on the west by the dioceses of Niagara and Huron. Its area is 226') square miles, with a population, according to the census of i8yi, of 549,644 (the city of Toronto having a popu- lation of 174,425). The character of the population throughout the country parts of the diocese is mostly agri- cultural, with a considerable amount of lumbering. Church Work. — The number of Church members in 1891 was 129,893 ; there are 18,366 communicants and 1 S8 clergy. There are 226 permanent churches, and 51 mission stations, 12 rectories, 68 parishes, and 46 missions. There were 3249 b:iptisms last year; 1343 persons were confirmed, and ; ordained — 13 deacons and eight priests. See House. — Toronto. PROVINCE OF RUPERT'S LAND. The Most Rev. Ror.EKT MacIIR.W, D.D., LL.D., D.CL., Archbishop of Rupert's Land, Primate of All Canada ; Prelate of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Diocese oe Rupert's Land. ijcucral Description. — The dio- cese, founded in 1849, extends from the United States about 350 miles north, and is nearly 600 miles ?n breadth. The ]!■ ipulation is about 210,000. ManiLoba, a fine agri- cultural country, is included in it, and the southern half of that province is sparsely settled. The rest of the diocese is uncultivated, and in- habited by small bands of Indians, among whom are a few small settlements of white people. Church Work. — The Church members form nearly one-fourth of the poi)ulation, except in certain districts which arc almost exclusively occupied by Roman Catholic French, Mennonitc fflSTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS, 77 tiiWWPiiiMi imnmt m*mtn^mm*m^»mm 7-s i Germans, Russians, and Lutheran Icelanders. There are So licensed clergy. There are 90 churches, chiefly built of wood, and services are more or less regularly held in about 135 other places— in schoolrooms, halls, or other buildings. There are about 72 licensed voluntary lay readers. Four hundred and fifty-two were con- firmed between Easter, 1895, and Easter, 1896. StY House. — Bishop's Court, Winnipeg, Canada. 7>;;7^/-j'.— The province of Manitoba, part of the territory of Keewatin, and part of Ontaiio, say 200,000 square miles. H/STORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Diocese ov Mackenzie River. General Description. — The diocese of Mackenzie River was separated from the diocese of Rupert's Land in 1875, and from Athabasca in 1884, and the diocese of Selkirk was sepa- rated from it in 1891 ; but it still remains one of the largest of the colonial dioceses, and contains upwards of 500,000 square miles. Church Wdrk.— VAg\\\. mission stations have been established, with the same number of mission houses ; but only three churches have been erected ; one other is in course of con- struction. There arc si.x ordained missionaries, . . tliree lay workers, and n native catechists! General DescripUon. ~ This A new station has been opened at Hay River comprises the southern portion and the Indians there are attaching themselves of the ongmal diocese of that to our mission. The work amongst the Esqui- n.me, whjch mcluded what .s ,^au.x is also giving much encouragement. A now called the chocese of Mac- station has b^en established at Her.schel Island IZZYTli ,]'^^^'\■■f"^^^: '"" the Arctic Ocean, west of the Mackenzie e fee ed a the Provmoa Synod River, where hundreds of them assemble in the of the Church of England m course of the year, and they are visited at other Dioce.se of Ath.vbasca. Rupert's Land in 1883 The missions at present occupied in this diocese are St. Paul's Mission, Chipewyan, extending northward to Fort Smith, on Slave River, and southward to Fort McMurray, on the Athabasca River. Vermilion, the most central point in the diocese, is occupied by St. Luke's Mission. Its outposts are, to the west, Battle River ; to the cast, Little Red River. The work here is varied. Crees, Beavers, and Slave Indians, from Hay River to the north trade at this port, or hunt in the immediate vicinity. The New Training School is connected with this mission. The Christ Church Mission, near Smoky River, includes a farm and mission .school. The mission of St. Peter's, Lesser Slave Lake. St. Andrew's Mission, White iMsh Lake. A mission, to be known as that of St. John's, wa commenced last year in the very heart of the 200,000 square miles. places. The diocesan school is steadily pro- gressing. Bishop's .Seat — Mackenzie River, X.W.T., Canada. Z'tr/vVr^/j.— North-West Territory, Dominion of Canada. Dioce.se ok Ski.kirk. This diocese was formed in 1 891 out of that of Mackenzie River. It contains that part of the North -West Territory of Canada which lies west of the Rocky Mountains. It extends n< ith to .south from the Arctic Sea, lat. 70, to British Columbia, lat. 40, and cast to west from the Rocky .Moun- tains to the boundary of American Alaska, W. ong. 141". The diocese thus contains about country between the Athabasca and Peace Rivers for work among the Crees. The mission at Athabasca Landing is the residence of the bishop. T^fmA'/'j'.— North West Territory, Dominion of Canada. Area, 250,000 square miles. The population is very small, comprising a few hundred gold miners, and a (c\\ thousands of roving Indians; but the country is a rich one, and is opening to civilization. More immigrants are entering it. There arc two routes of entrance to the /frSTORfC.lL CHURCH ATLAS. country, viz. one across the coast range of mountains from Juneau, Alaska, and thence down the YuI;77V,vj.— Saskatchewan : the provincial dis- trict of Saskatchewan, and a portion of territory lying north-east thereof, in North-West Canada. Diocese ok Calgary. General Description. — This diocese was established in 1888 having been taken from the diocese of Saskatchewan. Its area is about loo.ooo square miles. The Canadian Pacific Railway passes right across it, and the Calgary and Edmonton kailuay runs 300 miles from Macleod to Ed- monton. Its population is steadily increasin'^ ^'^^iilifilMipmi H*!§''PP'** 80 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS, i: I- i The diocese was formed in order to f- cilitate organization. It has its own synod and its separate and full representation in the synod of the province of Rupert's Land, but its bishop is also Bishop of Saskatchewan until adequate provision is made for ' c support of the episco- pate, when it will be the duty of the bishop to resign one of the sees. The bishop resides at Calgary. Territory. — The district of Alberta, in the North-West Territories, INDEPENDENT DIOCESES. Diocese of C.\ledonia. Cater al Deseription. — This diocese in 1879 was separated from that which formerly in- cluded the v.'holc province. It is generally rugged and covered with forests, which shelter vast numbers of fur-bearing animals of various kinds. The trappers are mostly Indians. The lakes, rivers, and adjacent seas teem with valuable fish, which is likely to prove a larger and more reliable .source of rcv-enue than the gold mines. Ik'sidcs the Chinese, who for many years have greatly assisted in developing the country, but are commoni)' abused, the Japanese have lately appeared, and seem likely to stay and thrive. Tiieir success is likely to prove detrimental to the interests of European immigrants. JUshflp's .SVrrA— Mclla Kalla. Territory, — North mainland of British Colum- bia and Oueen Charlotte Islands. Diocese oi Columkia. (ii'iirral Dcxiiiptioii. — This tlio- ccsc was f(jimdeil in 185'); the diocese i^f Calcdf)iiia was sepa- rated from it in iS/y ; and in the same year the diocese of New Westminster also was formed out of it. It now comprises Van- couvpi Island and the adjacent islands, and has an area of l/.coo square miles, being about 350 miles in length, by from 50 to uo in breadth. Agriculture, coal-mining, imn foundries, lumber mills, leather factories, shipbuilding, salmon and .seal fishciics, cnrloy most of the people. The iiopulatinn, including all races, is about 45,i)CX), Church Work.—YxoXQx'xd,, the capital of the civil province of British Columbia, is situated in this diocese, and handsome public buildings are in course of erection. The other consider- able towns are Nanaimo, Wellington, Union, and Comox, the centres of the coal-mining industry. The statistics for 1S95 are: — Clergy, 22 \ churches, 30; communicants, 1460; baptism.s, 261 ; confirmations, 107. At Alert Bay there is an Indian Industrial School under the charge of Rev. A. J. Hall, IM.A., in connection with the C.M.S. Bishop's Scat. — Vancouver. Territory. — Vancouver Island and adjacent islands. Diocese of Newfoundland and Bi;rmuda. Netvfvundland. Ceil era i Description. — The population of the Ncwfoundlantl and Labrador portions of the diocese, according to the census of 1S91, was 202,040. 'I'he chief industries are the cod, seal, and lobster fisheries, in which one-half of the inhabi- tants are engaged. Church W'orh. — According to the census of 1.S91, 69,824 were registered as belonging to the Church of ICngland, In 1S95 there were about 11,000 communicants, ami 2110 were confirmed. There arc 54 licensed clergy- men. Of these, three have retired from active work, and one is superintendent of educition and examining chaplain to the bishop. All the others are engaged in parochial or missionary work. There are 137 licensed lay readers, a cathedral, and 136 other consecrateil churches, exclusive of school chapels. There are 52 parishes or missions. Beriiiutla, Chinch ]\'ork. — Bermuda was formerly an archdeaconry in llie diocese of Nova .Scotia, In 1839 the diocese of Newfouiullauil was founded, and Bermuda was attached to it, the bishop having, by letters patent, episcopal juris- diction in Bermuda. The Church in Bcrnnul.i is established. In 1 878, an Act of the Colonial Legislature was passed authorizing the forma- tion of a synod, ( hiefly with a view to providiuL' M mnjiuii ■nnmmimnaMnwtM i HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 8i I i. —IKys dio- cese was formed in 1.S42, when the diocese of Barbados was, by letters patent from the Crown, divided into three — Barbados, Britisii Guiana, ami .Antigua. l''nL'!i"h i'lf-nds Dominica, which was formerly a I'Vcnch posses- sion, and I'd. to Kico, which has always be- longed to Spain. Otiin/t /F('/-X.— There are 43 clunches with .separate jjarishcs or districts, besides school- rooms licensed for public worship; and there arc 1,7 clergy (of whom jo were born in the West Indies), assistcil by 40 licensei" ' readers. lus/io/>\s Si'at.—Si, John's, AntijiUtt. ay Dh)ci;,ses of l^AKr.ADOs and the Wind- ward Islands. HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. The Windzvard Islands. 85 Barbadi OS. General Description. — The dio- cese of Barbados was founded in 1824. Originally the dioceses of Guiana, Trinidad, Antigua, and the Windward Islands were in- cluded in it. It now consists of the latter and the island of Barbados only. The bishop has jurisdiction over the two Anglican congregations in the island of St. 14 61 Domuizcoj 12 mimsieiimi^eMtitM, HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 87 INDEPENDENT DIOCESE. Diocese of Falkland Islands. These islands are administered as a Crown Colony, and have a population of less than 2000. The bishop's sphere of administration is not confined to this colony ; but, with the exception of British Guiana and the United States of Columbia, is coextensive with the continent of South America. The clergy are but 27 in number, the English, except in the temperate regions and at large commercial centres, being widely scattered. MAP XIV.— India and the East. Before the beginnings of history India was inhabited by non-Aryan tribes. The date of the Aryan conquest has not been determined, but it probably took place not later than n.c. 1000. Hinduism had then taken shape. Bud- dhism, which was a kind of reforma'^ion of Hinduism, had its origin about l!.c. 600. By the year L.C. 223, Buddhism had spread its doctrines from Afghanistan to China, and from Central Asia to Ceylon. Another influence began to make itself felt at this time. The Cineco-Bactrian monarchs— the successors of Scleucus Nicator— carried Greek arms as far as the Jumna ; but they were expelled about A.D. 126 by a Tartar tribe. Scythian migrations into India cu'mi- nated about A.D. 40 ; but these tribes were eventually driven out by the Aryan rulers, who, having extiri)ated Budtlhism and re-established Hinduism, maintained their position until the Arab invasion, which began in A.D. 664. The Arab power in India lasted, with fluctuations, until the invasion of Tinuir in 1398. In 1525 Babar, the fifth in descent from Timur, founded the Mogul Empiie, which lasted, at least in name, until 1S57. The Tortugucse began their conquests in India in IS05, Goa having been captured at this time. From this date until iflcK), the whole trade of the Ivast was practically in Portuguese hands. The Dutch, who had occupied (jositions further l^ast, gradually en- croacl\ed upon the Portuguese .settlements, and, under the name of the Dutch Ea.st India Company, consolidated their Oriental posses- sions. The Dutch maintained their supremacy in these regions, with some fluctuations, until 1758, when dive's victory at Chinsurah forced them to an ignominious capitulation. In the French war, from 1 781 to 181 1, England wrested from Holland every one of her colonies, although Java was restored in 1816, and Sumatra ex- changed for Malacca in 1824. The English East India Company (under another name) was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1600. Notwithstanding Dutch and Portuguese opposition, factories were established by it one after the other on the coast. In 166 1 Bombay was ceded to the British Crown as part of the dower of Catharine of Braganza, the queen of Charles II., and was handed over to the East India Company in 1668. The French began, from 1672 onwards, to dispute the paramount influence of England in India, and the next century is a record of conflicts between the two powers for supremacy. Dupleix and Clive are the two names associated with this struggle, which ended in the complete overthrow of French influence in the country, and the establishment of English on its ruins. When the English Church, through the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, first showed an interest in missionary work in India, it con- centrated its attention on the Danish Protestant Mission, already established by Ziegenbalg (1706) at Tranquebar, which at this time was under Portuguese influence. Owing to the aid given by the S.P.C.K., this mission was gradually extciulcd to Madras, Cuddalore, Trichinopoly, and Tanjore. Christi.m I'Vederick Schwartz went out to the mission about the middle of the century, and it was by his exertions that the work was greatly extended. A mission was begun also at Calcutta by Kiernander in 1758. It has been estimated that 50,000 were baptized during the eighteenth century, but at the middle of the present century there seemed to have been no fruits of the mission. Schwartz died in 1798, and the East India Company for some years afterwards showed bitter hostility to mission work. A few devotetl men, however, like Henry Martyn (1805- 1812), Daniel Corrie (afterwards Bishop of Madras), David Brown, and Claudius Buchanan, carried on missionary work among the iieatiien, besides ministering to their own 88 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. countrymen ; but cicfinitc missionary vvorl< on the part of the Church of England dates from 1 8 13, when toleration clauses were added to the East India Company's Charter. The following statement is condensed from the Reports of the Boards of Missions (S.P.C.K., 1.S94), and from the Official Year-Book (189;):— Dr. Middicton was consecrated Bishop of Calcutta, with the whole of the East Indies as his diocese, in 18 14, and was succeeded by Bishop Ileber in 1823, Bishop James in 1827, Bishop Turner in 1829, and Bishop Daniel Wilson in 1832. The memorable episcopate of Bishop Wilson (1832-1858) marks a distinct stage in advance. India and Ceylon were formed into an ecclesiastical province, with the Bishop of C,.;.-utta as metropolitan. The East India Comrtany s Act of 1833 authorized the constitu- tion by letters patent of two new sees, Madras and Bombay, embiacing respectively the presi- dencies of Madras and Bombay. Arciideacon Corr=e was consecrated first Bishop of Madras in 1S35, and Dr. Carr first Bishop of Bombay in 1837. Ceylon was separated from Calcutta in 1845, when the sec of Colombo was formed, and Dr. Chapman consecrated as its first bishop. The immense development of both European and native Church work which followed tiie Mutiny of 1857, made the existing organization of the Anglican communion still utterly inade- quate, and Bishop Cotton (1858-1866) longed to see the separation from the sec of Calcutta of the Punjab and British Burma. Two episco- pates, however, had to pass before this stage could be reached. The death of Bishop Milman in 1876 led to the formation of the sec of Lahore by letters patent ; the new see of Rangoon, now including the whole of Bu.-ma and the Andaman Islands, was formed about the same time, Dr. French being consecrated first Bishop of Lahore, and Dr. Titcomb first Bishop of Rangoon in 1877. Two years later, Travancore and Cochin, being outside British India proper, were constituted a separate see. Dr. Speedily being consecrated first bishop in 1879. In 1890 Chota Nagpur, a western division of the Province of Bengal, largely inhabited by an aboriginal tribe called Kols, amongst whom the 3.P.G. carried on a nourish- ing mission, wa> formed into a separate diocese. By the strenuous exertions of the present Bishop of Calcutta (Dr. Johnson), a further see, Lucknow, was constituted by the same procedure as characterized the establish- ment of the bishoprics of Lahore and Rangoon, Dr. Clifford having been consecrated in January, 1893. first bishop, and receiving, by commission from the Bishop of Calcutta, the charge of the whole North-West Provinces, in addition to Oudh, which, having been added to British India since the creation of the see of Calcutta, was assigned to the new bishop by his letters patent by the direct act of the Crown. Tinnevelly was formed out of Madras in 1896, when Dr. Samuel Morlcy was made bishop. To speak roughly, the area of the diocese of Calcutta (to omit the portions handed over by commission to the Bishops of Lucknow and Chota Nagpur) contains a popu- lation of about 100,000,000 (see Xos. i, 2, 5, in the table, p. 98), the diocese of Madras about 55.000,000 (No. 8 in table), Bombay about 30,000,000 (No. 7, with western portions of Rajputana and Central India in No. 5), Lahore about 30,500,000 (No. 6), Lucknow about 50,000,000 (No. 3), Rangoon about 7,500,000 (No. 9), Travancore about 3,700,000, Chota Nagpur about 5,500,000, and Colombo about 3,000,000 (No. 10). It is obvious from these overwhelming figures, and a comparison of them with the number of Christians in each diocese, that the Church in India, great as the pro- gress has been since 1832, is still in a very early stage. The following detailed description of the dioceses is from the Year-Book for 1897 :— (INDIA PROVINCE OF CALCUTTA AND CEYLON). Metropolitan— The Most Rev. Emv.VKD R.\Lrn Johnson, D.D., Bishop of Calcutta. Diocese ok Calcutta. General Description. — This dio- cese was founded in 18 14, and now consists of the provinces of Bengal and Assam, the Central Provinces, Central India, and part of Raj- l)Utana. The North-West I'ro- vinces and Chota Nagpur also legally belong to the diocese, but are adminis- tered by the Bishops of Lucknow and Chota {\ N N JIISTORICAL CJIUKC/f ATLAS. 89 / t i i w BENGAL n7 I.ikiit^iliulr Kniil ul' (;rfi'nwir:i HK %i» Oilier Mudioiii EPC .Soc Pr.,,, Ontnrl B. . PaimMt iC-i:*t.th fAun-fx AnrrfAirui LM/„in,/..n AfA'neniiin ScHlr nf Kiifyrili Milf«. .it.wthixig Ovo.f EstabUahnxMU. Lotuion 90 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. Nagpur by commission. Population, 110,430,125 (census of 1891), including native states. Church Work.—'Y\\c whole work of the Church is at present carried on very im- perfectly, but as far as means will allow, by 124 clergy, of whom about 12 are usually absent from India on furlough. Of these 124, II are Covcmmcnt chaplains, 22 are either on states, Aden, etc.), about 22,oco,ooo arc Hindus, about 4,500,000 Mussulmans, about 77,000 Par- sees, and about 1 3 1 , 500 Jews. The total of Chris- tians is about 167,000, of whom about 12,500 are Roman Catholics, a large proportion of these last being immigrants from Portuguese territory. Church ]V(irk.—'Y\\c total population be- longing to the Church of luigland is returned the staff of the Additional Clergy Society, or otherwise engaged, and the missionaries, in- cluding native clergy, number 6y. Bishop's .SV^rA— Calcutta. DiOCE.SE OK Ui.Mll.W. (icticral Description. — This diocese was separated from that of Calcutta in 1835 It com- prises the whole presidency of Bombay, except the province of Sindh, which was attached to the new diocese of Lahore in i87(S. Of a total population, in 181JI, of about 27,000,000 (including feudatory in the census of 1891 as 23,227. Of this total, about 3700 arc British troops and their families. The number of native Christians was returned as only 2601. At present the mission staff amounts to only -j-i,, all told. Bishop's Seat. — Bombaj-. DiocE.sE or CiioT.v Na(;i'ur. The diocese of Chota Nagpur comprises the whole of the political division known by that name. The population of 5,500,000 is made up of Hindus, Mussulmans, and abori- ginal tribes ; there are only about 500 Europeans. I HISTORICAL CIIVRCr ATLAS. 9' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) /. {./ y m.- A 1.0 I.I Ui|2^ .|2.5 Z 1^ III 2.0 j& 1.25 M 1.6 — SK ., 4» ^ % ^ ^;. V. 'm PhotiTRraphic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIISTIR.N.Y MSSO (71«) •73-4S03 * S' k ^ ^V \\ is, ICurasian.s, Burncse, Chinese, natives of India, Karens, and other liill tribes. The Andamans, Nicobar.^, and Cocos Islands form part of the diocese Church Work. The total population of the iSii iRIPI HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. wsmr^ 93 CEYLON 81° Scale rfSUtute Miles 1 ifl to so «p 5 Stauonj of' the Ouirch Missiaruuy Sode^. Area of SuiffhaUse Ituierancy Ana. of Tamil CcolLtihasion^ I y n I A N OCEAN ltU|MUlP Othrr Mtaninniii .vianfliHJiOl09niphi(ttifj(iii>.' London 94 HISTORICAL CHTRCn ATLAS. diocese may be reckoned at .S.ooo.ooo. Of Church. The native Christians number ,50,345, these, 6,(' iiidf' of Soiit/irni liniiii, p. 96.) I X D 1-: I' ]•: M ) i'. .\ r d i oc i-: .s i<:. niocKsi: OF SiNCAi'ORr;, Laiu'.w, and Sarawak. (k'Hcnil Description. — This diocese, founded in 1879, is cunterniinous with the tuo native .states from which it takes its name. The popu- lation of Travancore, the larger (icncral Pescriptiou. — The dio- cese of Labuan and Sarawak was i* (ieiicitil Desiiiptioii. — This /^^^C\ founded in 1855. In 1869 the ^^ diocese, founded in 1879, is s^^*^^ 15ritisli colony of the .Straits Settle- *-^ / o .riv \ mt nts—/.('. Singapore, T'-Miang, auil Malacca, with their dependencies, which up to that tiine had been iiicluile 1 in the diocese of Calcutta— were placed state of the two, is 2,557,736, under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Labuan and tiiat of Cnchiii 722,90c), and Sarawak. In 1881 the title of the see was the combined area being 8092 square miles. changed to Singapore, Labuan, and Sarawak. There arc but few Iluropcans and ICurasians The bishop, under a commission from the in the diocese belonging to the Anglican Archbishop of Cantcrbur\- and the Hi^-hop of HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 95 -w I ■ 96 IflSTORICAI. CnURCII ATLAS. SOITIIKKN INDIA ^.Vtuii«>r<* .'» (AtiVmr, A ,Vi Olliri' MiSHiuuM 'i.iM/ ' .1 ,« I--. J t tinhlitfi/n^nt I'nutt'r -feSr HISTORICAL CUVRCH ATLAS. 07 m uBMk ANO THE STRAITS 98 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. London, has episcopal authority over the clergy and congregations in Java and else- where throughout the Malay Archipelago. Among the races at present brought under the work of the mission the following lan- guages arc spoken : Malay Dyak (two dialects), Chinese (five dialects), Tamil, Tclugu, and Ja\ancse. Chiircli Work. — The number of Christians in communion with the Church of England is computed at 3500, of whom probably 1000 arc Europeans and Eurasians. There are 14 clergymen — viz. 10 Europeans, one Eurasian, and three Asiatics. There are 12 consecrated churches and ii mission chapels. The following table gives the leligious statistics of India for 1891 : — I'upulation ■r..i.ii Christian 1)V ceriMis of t liiistiaii tliiuhi. .MniianiiiiL.- daii. 23437.591 lladiihist Sikh. ,8,;.. P'jjmlatiun Ktin). pL-aiis, 23.301 Kllra- siun. I 5 006 Native. 152.522 189,122 lionynl Haiiio/ Sla/,-s 71,3+6,987 190,829 45,220,124 412 3,296,379 1,655 55 37 1,563 2,603,890 220,756 5,59i 5 2. Assam ... .\orlli-\VL'>t ri(iviiices(\villi 5.476,S33 2,683 1,677 383 14.782 2,997,072 1.483,974 7.697 83 I- Omili) 46,905,085 58,44. 27,995 7,040 23.406 40,402,235 6,346,651 i,3*>7 11.343 A'.- IV. J')vviiia\< Sta/i-< . . . 792,491 77 16 4 57 549,568 242,532 107 5 4 .\jincrc 542,358 2,(iSi 838 636 1,209 437,988 74,265 213 Kaip'daita .i^mcy 12,016, 102 1-855 744 362 749 10,192,829 9^1,351 1,116 ('ill till/ /iiiiin Ai/mn' 10,318.312 5-9.t9 4,136 373 1,490 7.735.246 568,640 1,825 5- Central rroviiu-cs io,7S.I,294 12,970 4.776 2,101 6,003 8,831,467 297,604 322 172 Ci-iitra/ J'rociiiics S/alis . . . 2,l6c. ill 338 50 1 01 187 >,65<8,i53 11,875 5 I I'linjal 20,866,847 53,587 30,840 3,'09 ■9,639 7,743,477 11,634,192 5,76s 1-389,9.^ Siinlh 2,871,774 7.764 4,042 953 2,769 567.539 2,215,147 671 720 6. i.Uicllali 27,270 3,008 2,697 147 104 11,099 11,368 Nil. 1,129 Pun jab Stales 4,263,280 322 171 38 ■'3 2,494,223 1,281,451 468 480,547 k'aihinir 2,543,952 218 132 5 8f 691,800 1,793,710 29,608 •1.399 ,:. I'loinliay I'rcsiilciicytwillioiu .Siinlli, liul incliuliiig Aden) 16,029,349 154,006 26,604 7,596 119,806 14,092,387 I, ;2i,ii56 699 98 1 llomlny Stalis 8,059,298 8.239 736 204 7,239 6.78i,o')S 853..'-92 1 94 /lllOl/ll 2,415,396 646 152 loS 386 2,137,568 lSS,740 1 1 1 Madras and L'oorj,' 35.803,495 868,920 13,711 26,853 S28,3S5 32.155,154 2,263,051 1 ,036 128 Ahsor,' 4,943,604 38.135 6,265 3.889 27,981 4.639.127 252.973 5 29 s. .t/iii/nrs Stitit 3,700,622 714,651 418 83" 713,403 2,759,211 225,478 Hyjcrcibiui 11,537,040 20,429 5,517 2,450 12,462 10.315,249 1,138,666 -_ 4,637 liL'iar ... 2,897,491 '•35'* 3i3 329 697 2,531,791 207,681 4 177 ')••, Burma (willi .\ndaniaiis)... 7,621,109 121,251 12,807 7.085 101,35'! 171.577 257,011 6,889,365 3.164 - 1 Shan .States 2,902 154 53 44 57 1,855 609 175 196 10. C'cyliin 3.007,789 302,127 4.592 2I,O.S2 276,453 61 5.93 i 211,995 •.877,043 ciiix.A, c()Ri:a, and jap.ax. DiocicsK (ji Victoria, IIoxg Konc. General Description. — Victoria is the city that has grachially arisen oil ihc north side of the small island of Ilong Kong since it was ceded to England by Ciiina in 1S43, It contains the residences of tiic British officials and merchants, barracks for the troops, and a densely crowded China town. Hong Kong and the district of British Kowloong, on the north side of the harbour, contain a Cliincse population of about 170,000. The totid British and foreign population, in- cluding the n.ival and military establishments, police, merchant shipping in hailxjur, temporar)- and permanent residents, probably numbers not less than Sooo. The Bis/iopric. — The Bishopric of Victoria was established in the year 1850. Until 1872 this was the only luiglish bishopric in China, which is now divided into four dioceses, called respectively, North China, I\Iid-China, South China, and Western China. The ]5ishopric of X'ictoria, now, therefore, includes only Church of England missions and clergy in South China. This consists, geographically, of Hong Kong, and the whole, or part, of the seven southern provinces of China, containing a population of about 90,000,000 souls. In 1894 there were Church members, 6383; clergy, _'8 ; lay helpers, 263 ; cominum'cants, 2<)i I. There are 184 churches or chapels. /.'^7^'/>'.f .S'(V?/. — Hong Kong. / JlISrOIUCAL CHURCH ATLAS. 99 ii J r ' lOO inSTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. ti Diocese of Mid-China. General Description. — In 1S73, on the consecration of Bishop Russell, the portion of China north of the 2.Sth parallel of north latitude was consti- tuted the diocese of North China; in 1880 the six nor- thern provinces were assigned to Bishop Scott, under the name of North China ; while the remaininfj eight provinces, or portions of provinces, Kcangsu, Nganhvvei, Ciiekcang, Keangsi, Mupch, Hunan, Szechuen, and Kwei- chow, with an area of about 350,000 square miles, were formed into the diocese of Mid- China. The Chinese population cannot be less than 100,000,000, and probably is much more.* Iiishop's House. — Shanghai. UlOCKSE OF XORTII ClIIN.V. General Description — This diocese was founded in 1880, and consists of the six northern provinces of China — namely, I'e- chili (Chihli), Shantung, Shansi, Ilonan, Shcnsi, and Kansu, a district containing 398,433 square miles, or about seven times the area of England. The population is something between sixty and eighty millions, or possibly more — none can say. Church H'orh. — In the year 1897 there were — Chinese Church members over ^50; Chinese communicants, more than 300. There are 12 buildings used for worship, and six mission stations ; eleven clergy and six lay helpers ; (a) Ciiinese catechumens admitted, 256; (/') baptized, 97 ; ((■) confirmed, 58. l>ish(p's House. — Peking. DiocKSK 01 W'kstkrn Ciii\.\. In 1895 the Rev. W. \V. Cassels was consecrated Bishop of the Church of England in Szechuen and Kwcichow. These two provinces, north of latitude 28", arc thus sub- tracted from the diocese of Miil- riicro are 1 1 mission stations, with five China. clergy and 1 1 laymen workers. * All American Ijisliopric e\isu in iliis leyion, unilcr I'lc lillr uf Shnn''li;ii .mil \ni',''-lse \ allcv, CoREA AND Suing King (Manchuria). General Description. — This dio- cese embraces the kingdom of Corea and the adjoining province of Shing King in Chinese Man- churia. The area of Corea is about 93,000 square miles, and the popu- lation, variously estimated, is said by some to be 8,500,000. The Coreans possess no religion, Owing to the universal study of the Chinese classics, the educated are, to a man, Confucians. The province of Shing King, in the kingdom of China, has an area of 87,000 square miles, and an estimated population of a little over 2,000,000 Chinese. Church Work.- In the year 1889, on All Saints' Day, the first bishop was consecrated. In 1896 the staff of the mission was constituted as follows — one bifhop, three priests, five lay helpers (Engli.sh), three doctors (one being a lady doctor), and si.x nurses. These are dis- tributed in Soiil, Chemulpo, and Niu Cluvang. In Soiil there arc two mission stations. In the island of Kang Hoa there is one mission station, In Chemulpo (distant from Soiil 25 miles) the mission church and parsonage of St. Michael's and All AngeLs, and, clo.se to it, the hospital of St. Luke for native work, in charge of a doctor, were built in 1891. In Niu Chwang the work (amongst Europeans onl\-) was begun in the early summer of 1892. Bishop's Seat. — Soiil, Corea. JAPAN. The population of the empire is estimated at over 41,000,000. Tokyo, the capital, has a popu- lation of considerably over a million. Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are the three ancient religions of the country, but the influx of Western ideas, and the wide diffusion of knowledge, have so far destroyed their influence that the ma.'^s of the educated Japanese at the present day profess no faith, and stand in a neutral attitude towards Christianity. In 1894 the islands of Kiu-shiu and Vezo were formed into separate missionary dioceses, under the care of the Church of l'2ngland. ,\t '^ fS t^ -'i 102 //7.S' TOK fCA L C/i I 'A' C II A TL A S. a Synod held in Tokyo in May, iiS94, the main island was itself divided intu four missionary dioceses, called respectively the dioceses of North and South Tokyo, of Kyoto, and of Osaka. The dioceses of North Tokyo and Kyoto arc under the care of the American Church, and those of South Tokyo and Osaka under the care of the Church of England. DiocEsiL oi' South Tokyo. In this diocese, from which that of Osaka has been separated during the year iSyG, there are missions of the Church of England and of the Canadian Church. The missions of the Church of England are in the southern part of the capital and the adjoin- irig districts. Those of the Canadian Church are in the more distant provinces of Shinshiu, Ou'ari, and Mino. The number of English and Canadian clergy (including two chaplains in charge of English residents and of sailors in Yokohama) is 17 ; of English lady missionaries, 15; of Japanese clergy, 10 ; of Japanese catechists, 23. Bishop's Scat. — Bishopstowe, Osaka, Tokyo. DtOCESK OK 0,SAK.\. This nc\vl}--formed diocese em- braces a population from nine to ten millions. ihere are iG or- dained clergy, and 90 lay readers, 12 permanent churches, 25 mission districts. Last year there were 45 infants and 1S7 adults bajjlizcd ; 87 candidates were confirmed. There arc 721 communicants. Last year five new mission stations were opened, and one church built. There are 519 children in .Sunday schools, under the care of 41 teachers. Diocese 01 South Jai'an, Kiu-sniu. The diocese of South Japan in- cludes the islands of Kiu-shiu, with such inlands of Japanese empire as fall between the 24th and 35th paral- lels N. lat. Kiu-shiu is the most southerly of the four chief islands of Jai)an. It was formed into a separate diocese in 1S93. The population is about 6,200,000, ami the area 28,552 s juare miles. Church Work. — The C.M.S. is the only Church Society engaged in missionary work in this diocese, the first missionary of that society, the Rev. G. Ensor, having landed in Nagasaki in 1893. In spite of the fact that 62 were baptized during the year, the number of Christians is actually smaller this yeai than last, being 675 instead of 700. There are now five English clergy, nine single ladies, two Japanese deacons, 19 Japanese cate- chists, and six Bible-women. Bishop's Seat. — Bishop's Lodge, Nagasaki. Diocese of Hokkaido. This diocese, which was founded in 1896, is conterminous with Yczo, the northernmost island of Japan proper. The island is largely peopled by Ainus, who are thought to be descendants of the original inhabitants of Japan. The work in the diocese is wholly in the hands of the C.M.S., who occupied the treaty port of Hokodatc in 1874, Kushiro in 1889, and Sapparo in 1892. The bulk of the Ainu popu- lation is resident in the last-mentioned district, where there arc some 600 Christians of this race attached to the C.M.S. ^lission. The Japanese Christians in this and other parts of the diocese amount to about the same number. There are five clergy besides the bishop, and a few lay workers. MAP XV. -Australia and New Zealand. Australia, under the name of " Australls Terra," is probably mentioned for the first time in \V)-tflict's Descriptioiiis Ptolciiiaiac Aiigiiicii- tniii, Louvain, 1598, From 1616 onwards Dutch navigators explored its coasts, giving to it the name of New Holland, English explorations began in 1688, but it was not until the time of Captain Cook ( 1 769-1 777) that its coasts were first opened to European enterprise and settle- ment. Sydney was founded in 1 788, but all the other settlements in the country were of much later date. The following detailed account of the dio- ceses is taken from the Official Year-Book (.S.I'.C.K) for 1897:- ^ Vi HISTORICAL CnCRCIf A //..IS. 103 4* ^ %\ PROVINCE OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Mciro/>o/i/a/t~Thc Most Rev. William Smith, D.D., Archbishop of Sydney. DiocKSE OF Sydney. General Description. — The dio- cese of Sydney is situated on the eastern coast of New South Wales, and measures about 200 miles from north to south, and 100 miles from east to west. It comprises but a small portion of the original bishopric of Australia, which was formed in 1S36, and included New Zealand and Tasmania, having previously been an archdeaconry of the diocese of Calcutta. New Zealand was detached in 1841, and Tasmania in 1842. In 1847 the diocese of Australia was again divided, the sect- Sydney, Newcastle, Adelaide, and Melbourne being formed ; and the Bishop of Australia was created, by letters patent. Bishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of Australia and Tasmania. The see has since been greatly reduced by the foundation of the diocese of Goulburn in 1S63 and of Bathurst in 1869. C/uircli Worl;. — There arc 95 parishes and 12 conventional and mission districts ; 327 churches and other buildings licensed for Divine service ; 15S clergy, besides four catcchists, and about 84 lay readers ami 10 deaconesses. The members of the Church of England are estimated at about 258,000, and there is church accommoda- tion for about 55,000. The average annual numbei of confirmations is about 1700, and of baptisms about 6000. Itis/iop's Scat. — Sydney. DiOCE.'JK OF B.VTIIURST. General Descript^jn. — The dio- cese of Bathurst, occupying one- third of the colony of New South. Wales, is situated between the 29th and 34th parallel of south latitude, and is bounded on the east by the dioceses of Sydney, Newcastle, Grafton, and Armi- dale ; on the north by part of the southern boun- dary of the colony of Queensland ; on the west by the diocese of Riverina ; and on the south by the diocese of Goulburn. It contains within its K^^ area various climates — the dry heat of Bourke, Cobar, Brewarrina, Coonamblc, and the bracing conditions of Bathurst, IMayney, Carcoar, and Orange, v.'hilst Coonabarabran, Wellington, Parkcs, Mudgee, Cowra, and Molong represent a more moderate degree of heat and cold. C/iiirc/i Wor/i. — The diocese is well supplied with clergymen, no difficulty being experienced in filling any vacancies that may occur. A large proportion of these are Australians — 28 out of 41. /Us/iop's Scat. — Bishop's Court. Diocese oe Gouluurx. General Descripticn. — This diocese, formerl)' part of that of "* Sydney, was founded in 18O3. The original diocese of Goul- burn was in 1884 diviiled iiy the fonnation of the diocese of Riverina. The present diocese of Goul- burn comprises the .south-eastern portion of the colony of New South Wales, and contains an area of 50,000 square miles, with a scattered population of about 128,000 British and other settlers, of whom upwards of 54,000 profess to be members of the Church of England. The population of the cathedral city is under 11,000, and the only other towns of importance in the diocese are Albury (5000), Wagga-Wagga (4000), and Young (3000). Clutrcli Work. — The number of the clergy is at present 39 ; stipendiary readers, 4 ; honorary readers, 25. The number of parishes is }^], and of churches and school churches 128. Bisliop's Seat. — Bishopthorpe, Goulburn. Diocese oe Gr.^etox and Armiuale. /& General Description. — The dio- '^ll^ cese embraces the north-eastern portion of the colony of New South Wales, and covers an area of over 70,000 square miles. The population of the diocese is 137,000, of whom 59,000 belong to the Church of England. The diocese was originally a portion of the diocese of Newcastle, and was separated from it in 1865. t04 lltSrORlCAL CHURCH ATLAS. Cluircli Work. — There are 31 clergy in the diocese, and eight stipendiary lay readers. Bis/wp's .SVr?/.— Bishopscourt, Armidale. Diocese of Newcastle. General Description — This is one of the oldest dioceses in Australia, having been founded in 1S47, con- temporary with Melbourne and Adelaide. A church was built in Newcastle so early as 1S17, and stood until late!)', when it had to give place to the rising cathedral. Clinrch Work. — The growing resources of the Church in Australia are seen in the fact that among 41 clergy there are 14 Australians in this diocese. There are 37 licensed lay readers, 12 parishes, seven mission districts, 116 per- manent churches, and 39 mission rooms. Bishofs .S'(V?A— Bishop's Court, Morpeth, N.S.W. Diocese ok Ri\kkina. General Description.— '\\\\s dio- cese was founded in i.S,S4, It con- tains about 70000 sM,iis to have been regardei! as included in this diocese — South Australia Proper, Central Australia, and the Northern Territory. The total area comprises 914,730 square miles. The population, according to the latest estimates, is 352,653, of whom about 4752 are residents in the Northr-n Territory. Recent discoveries of gold in South Australia, and the opening up of the country in the Northern Territory, point to a rapid increase in numbers in the immediate future. The number of clergy is now 79. Clinrch Work. — The statistical returns are, as nearly as possible, the same as last year, mani- fe;;ting, however, a slight increase in the number of Church day schools and scholars. The census returns for the year 1891, giving the number of persons belonging to each religious denomination in the colony, show that the members of the Church of England in 1891 were 27-86 of the population. Bishop's ,SV,//.— Bishop's Court, North Ade- laide, South Australia. Diocese ok Ballarat. General Description. — The diocese was separated from that of Melbourne in 1S75 ; it forms the western, as the latter now forms the eastern, portion of the colony of Victoria. It con- tains .some 3i5,ocx3 souls, of whom some So,ooo may be adherents of the Church of ICngland. General Chnreli fFrvX'.--Therc are 53 parishes and 240 districts, 58 clergy, 20 la>- readers (o- catechists), ard -1 honorary lay lielpers, who hold the bishop's licence ; 1 54 Anglican churciies, besides 172 places used for Anglican service. The average Church attendants arc 14,000; communicants about 6000. l)io( E;.E i)K Bkishani;. General Description. — The see of Brisbane was virtually founded in the year iS5(>, when the new colony of (Jueensland was separated from that of New South Wales. Tlie diocese, since the formation nf the central district into the diocese of Kockhampton 8^ HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 105 \ V ]*< V in ICS92, includes Southern Queensland only. The area thus comprised contains some 209,278 square miles, with a population of about 304,000, of which some 36 per cent, arc members of the Church of luigland Church Work.—T\\cxc are now 51 parishes with 50 clergy, two catechists, and 38 honorary lay readers holding the bishop's licence; 98 churches, and 66 temporary buildings in which services are held. The communicants number Jlishop's .SV^r/.— Bishopsbourne, Brisbane. DlOCKSE OF MELIIOURNE. (,'ciicral Description. — This dio- cese was founded in 1847, and now consists of the eastern half of the colony of Victoria, the western half having been farmed into the diocese of Ballarpt in 1875. The area of the diocese is 43,225 square miles. At the census taken on April 5, 1891, there wcie 213,574 British born, 85,337 Irish, 713,585 Victorians, 79,719 other Australians, 21,620 (iermans and other continental nationalities, and 8467 Chinese. The result of the census showed a total population of 1,140,405, of whom about 760,000 arc estimated to be icsident within the diocese of Melbourne. Church Work.—1\\Q. number of Church mem- bers is about 300,000; of communicants, 21,849. There arc 210 parishes or parochial and mission districts. The licen.sed clergy are 179, and there are 49 readers, besides 296 lionorary readers. /Ushi>p'.\ Si'itt. — Bishopscourt, Melbourne. DldiESI-; ()!■■ NoKTII OUEENSI„\ND. Geucral Description. — Tiic dio- cese of North Oiicensland occu- pies the northern portion of < 'ueensland, extending to Tlnus- d.iy Island and the (lulf of Carpentaria, and covers about 250,000 scjuarc miles The population is composeti almost entirely of Ijiglish, Scotch, and Irish settlers who have cinigrarcd to Australia in recent jcars, togetlicr with those who have come from the southern colonies. The aborigines are few, and restrictive legislation is reducing the number of Chinese. Bis/iflp's Seat. — Townsville, Queensland. Diocese ok Perth. General Description. — This see was formed from the diocese of Adelaide in 1857. It is conter- minous with the colony of Western Australia, which embraces that portion of the continent lying west of the 129th meridian of cast longitude, and is 1280 miles from north to south, by about 865 :rom east to west, having an estimated area of 1,060,000 square miles. The European population on June 30, 1895, was a little over 90,000, and has since been increasing. There are about 15,000 aborigines within the settled district.s, and some 2000 Malays and Chinese, employed chiefly in the pearl-shell fisheries. Church Work. — The members of tlie Church of England are about 35,000. There are 28 clergy and 35 churches, besides about 40 schools or other buildings used for Divine service. Diocese of Rockiiamiton. General Description. — The dio- cese was founded November 30, 1892, It contains about 223,000 square miles, and is bounded on the north by the diocese of North Queensland, on the south by the diocese of Brisbane, on the east by the South I'acific Ocean, and on the west by the northern territory of South Australia, The diocese is practically conterminous with what is kiKnvn as Central Queensland. The population (about 50,000) is widely scattered, and the towns few and far between. Church Worh. — The clergy are 12 in number. In the last census (that of 1891), 18,736 re- turned themselves as members of the Church of ICngland, or 3998 per cen'. of the entire pupuLilidii. Jlishop's .Sc(^t. — l^s Escop, Rockhampton, ' ' ,]'!|j||]j#' ! 11 it! io6 HISTORICAL CHURCH atlas. IS IU'52' US' i3'ja\ WESTERN AUSTRALIA Csmafen M}r6 "P'^ ■ M' Holmes jrf S V"^'''^ M'Worsnop '•-to. R» :a; fc/MW^/aff/Sjc iBerald.ton ' "■* ', ' hJiiWIit linnni/iiiyj)fty S Jc^^■' C' I ff,i/fi/)f/m /'/"•' X:,ll.U,frn: *" ^v I /y.'/A.. ,. M,.— ■- jFreMANTIL VCTlKih ^M'btirlin^ ^..t" ■^t^ I riX^^S"' I M< Cordon ^^4 rBuNP^ryM/ ' ' - M'a' m'sr Hi' Wdil"^ '"^ ^fO/jiBJ Sou/i,^ ii UISTORICAf. CHl'RC/f ATLAS. 107 Diocese of Tasmania. General Description. — The see was founded in 1842, being second to Sydney in seniority. I'lic Ciiurch began its work in the colony in 1804, when the colony was founded. The dio- cese comprises Tat-^ania and its dependencies (the islands in the ]5ass Straits and others). The area is 16,778,000 acres, being about the size of Ceylon ; the population is calculated to be 160,833, of whom some 1 10,000 are native born. The last census gave the Church population as 53^ per cent, of the whole. Church Work. — There are 68 ordained clergy. The consecrated churches number 118, and 144 other buildings are regularly used for worship. Bishop's Scat. — Bishopscourt, Ilobart. NEW ZEALAND. Tasman discovered New Zealand in 1642, but Captain Cook was the first ICuropean to set his foot on its shores (1769). lie took formal possession of the country for George III. I'roin this time to 18 14 it was little visited, but in that year the Rev. Samuel Marsden established his Church Mission in \c\v Zealand and the Bay of Islands. In the course of the next thirty years, almost the whole native population was converted, nominally at least, to Christianity. The treaty with the native chiefs in 1840 opened up the country to colonization. The following is a detailed account of the dio- ceses taken from \.\\c Official Year-Book fur 1897 — rUOVINCE OF Ni:\V ZK.ALAND. Priniafc—'Vhc Most Rev. WlLI.IAM GakkeN CowiE, D.IJ., Bishop of Auckland. Diocese ue .Auckland. (,'o/criil Description. — This dio- cese, formerly known as that of New Zealand, is that part of the colon)- which the late Bishop Sclw)n retained for himself, after resign- ing the charge of those provinces which now form the dioceses of Cliristcluirch, Wellington, N'clsun, Waiapii, and Duncdin. The first liishop of llie diocese, Dr. George Augustus Selwyn, afterwards Bishop of Lich- field, was consecrated in 1S41. The diocese of Auckland comprises the northern part of the North Island of the colony of New Zealand, extending from south latitude 34" 20' to 39" 20', and from east longitude 172'' 35' to 176 , and contains an area of about 15,659 square miles, with a scattered European popula- tion of about 140,000. Church Work, etc. — The number of clergy is at present }/, including 16 Maoris, and the number of congregations about 220. Of the European population about 57,000, and of the Maori popu- lation about 18,000, are members of the Church. Bishop's Scat. — Bishopscourt, Auckland. Diocese oe Christchurch. General Description. — This dio- cese was founded in 1856, and consists of the middle portion of the South Island of New Zealand, comprising an area of 20,000 square miles. The population, ac- cording to the last census, is 109,528, exclusive of 900 Maoris and Morioris. Of these, 59,761 are Church members. Church Work. — The number of comnuinicants is about 6500 (estimated). The clergy of the diocese number 61, and there are two licensed lay assistants and 100 licensed (honorary) lay readers. Bishop's Seat. — Bishopscourt. DrOCESE OE DUNEDIN. (j'cucral Description. — This see was founded in 1868, when it was cut off from that of Christ- church. The diocese comprises the southern portion of the Middle Island of New Zealand, together with Stewart's Island (sometimes calletl the South Island), and is con- terminous with the provincial district of Otago. The population is about 1 50,000, of whom 38,25 1, or over },i, per cent, have recorded themselves as members of the Church of England. There are 800 Maoris, and perhaps as many Chinese. Church Work. — The clergy (including the bishop) number 25, and there are 48 churches, including two for the native race, beaiucs some ;i I unconsccrutcd buildings. lO.S HISTORICAL CHURCir ATLAS. D.OCESK OF MELANESIA. .j^rgy arc uorking among the Maoris, under C-eucral Description. — This the Church Alissionary Society. Fifteen native diocese was founded in 18O1, clergy have settled congregations of their own the first bishop being John people. Coleridge Patteson. It com- prises the Western Islands of the South Pacific, from the middle of the New Hebrides to the Solomon Islands inclusive. Cli'trch Work. — On the whole the reports arc encouraging and hopeful. Work is being carried on vigorously in 2; islands under the bishop, 1 1 European, and as many native, clergv. The native Church of Melanesia now consists of 8929 baptized. Nine have been ordained. Bis/iop's .SVr?/.— Norfolk Island. Bishop's .SV^A— Napier, N.Z. Diocese of Wellixgton. -This dio- I.S57, and DiocESK OF Nelson. (jciicra/ Description cese was founded in consists of the northern portion i the South Island of New Zealand. The population of the diocese is 55.000. Church Work. — Of the popula- tion of the diocese, 2.5,000 arc members of the Church of England. There arc five constituted parishes, with 25 parochial and missionary dis- tricts, 40 churches, and 3S other places used for Divine service. The licensed clergy number 21, Bishop's .Stv?/.— liishopdale, Nelson. Diocese of W.maiu, (iciicral Description. — This dio- (fcneral Description.— This dio- cese was founded in 1S81, It is bounded on the east by the diocese of Waiapu, from latitude 39" to 40 30' ; from thence by the ocean to the south and west, and north- west to the Tipoka stream, near Mount Egmont ; and thence by the diocese of Auckland, by a line hereafter to be defined, to where the 39 of latitude, at longitude 175^ 13', intersects the river Whanganui ; and on the north by the same line of latitude to longitude 176^ ,30'. A rca and Popnhition.—lLhc area of this diocese is about half as large again as that of Wales. The census returns for 1896 show that the Maoris have slightly decreased. They number at present 5240, and are under the care of five clergy (three of them of their own race). Bishop's .S'(V7/.— Wellington. Diocese of Honolulu. C.eucra! Description. — T\\\s dio- cese embraces the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, situated in the Pacific Ocean, and extending from to to 22 20' N. lat, and from .1 to 160" 15' W. long. Tiie group consists of eight islands, the princii)al are Hawaii, Mani, I ce.sc, which was founded in 1859, occupies the eastern portion of of which the .North Island of New Zealand, Oahu, Kauai, and Molokai. They contain an being bounded on the north and area of over Ooaj .square miles. The population, east by the sea ; on the west by according to a census just taken, is 109,000, of the I70lh meridian of longitude as whom 40,000 arc Orientals, far .south as the 39lh parallel of latitude, and A Chinese deacon was added to the clerical staff then by the Ruahinc range as far as the gorge at Christmas, .S95. The deposed .jueen, Liliuo- on the river Manawatu ; on the south by a line kalani, who, before and during her occupancy running eastward from thence to the .south side of the throne, attended the Congregationalist of CapeTurnagain. The scat of the bishopric i^ form of worship, made a study of the Pook of Napier, the chief town of the Provincial District Common Prayer during her imprisonment in of Hawke's Hay. The estimated [xipulalion 1895, and was this year, after her release, hypo- consists of 47,678 Europeans and 13,5 14 Maori.s. thetically baptized and confirmed in the Church 1 1'l rk. — There arc 20 clergymen labour- cidhodnil, ing among the European.s. Si.\ of tiie English /)'/.i/tr»/'.v .S^rtA— Honolulu. HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 109 ijftl'i/. './.t "fi.y' A.»fclA* no HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. I MAP XVI.— Africa. I'ROVINCK OF SOUTH AFRICA. I\Ietropolitan — Tlie Most Rev. WiLLIAM West Jones, D.D., Archbishop of Capetown. The Cape of Good Hope was discovered by Ikirtholomew Diaz in i486, but it was not colonized until 1653, when the Dutch East India Company formed a settlement there. This colony was increased in 1686 by a number of French refugees. It was taken by the English in the latter part of the eighteenth century, but restored to Holland. It was finally ceded to England by the peace of 181 5, and has since been an linglish colony. The other British colonies in South Africa arc extensions of this. Diocese of Capetown. General Description. — This dio- cese embraces the western portion of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and covers an area of about the same magnitude as Great Britain. It is the Metro- political See of the Province of South Africa, and was founded in 1847, being then the only diocese in South Africa, and embracing the whole of the present province. The population was, by last census (1891), 403,4531 of whom 51,118 are Church people. Cliurcli IJ '<•>■(: — There are 53 churches and 65 school chapels, and 107 Church schools and 38 parsonages. The clergy number 75, and there is a large staff of catechists. /'is/zo/s Si-- Pondoland and East Griqualand, on the east by the Indian Ocean, and on the west by Basutoland and the Orange Free State. It has an area of 20,851 square miles, with a population, ac cording to the last blue-books, of 45,707 Euro- peans, 50,000 Indians, and 503,208 natives. Church ll'orl: — The members of the Church number about 14,650, of whom 3734 are com- municants. The parishes are 19, but there are altogether 50 centres (including 13 mission stations) where service is held. The number of clergy is 43. L'ishop's .SVr?/. —I'ieterinaritzburg. DioCKSE OF rRi;TOk|.\. (iencral Description. — Tin's dio- cese was founded in 1877. It con- sists of so much of the Transvaal as lies west of the Drakensberg .Mountains, the area of which is lo(j,3c;7 .square miles, jind the piipulalion, (if ICuropcaii nationality nr descent, aoi- M- _21 i 18- 30- HISTORTCAL CHURCH ATLAS. 1 1 1 /' W ,y Fiua-es ^ ^' ° '- N Y 2*" " W" J 112 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. about 1 50,000, while the natives can scarcely be increased by the rapid development of Mata- Icss than 1,000,000. bclcland since the termination of the war. At Cliurch Work. — 'YXxc number of Church the beginning of 1895 the clerical staff consisted members may be estimated at 1 8,000, the com- of but one priest and one deacon; but now, ■nunicants at about .<^ooo. There arc now 29 exclusive of the bishop, there arc six priests and clergy— 25 priests and four deacons. The one deacon at work in the country. churches are 19, and there are seven school chapels, besides nine nission chapels and 23 other places in which services are heltl. Bis/iop's .VmA--J?ishopscote, Pretoria. DrocESE OF .St. John's, K.'v/FRaria. (jeneral Description. — This diocese was founded in 1873. Missions had been begun from the dioceses of Grahamstown and Maritzburg. It comprises the territories of the Transkei, Tembuland, Griqualand East, and I'ondoland. The last- named has been now annexed (in 1894). Population — natives (Pantu), about 600,000 ; Europeans, about 15,000; Hottentots and Griquas, about 5000. ClinrcJi Work. — Church members, 12,517 (native, 10,067) ; communicants, 2399 (native, 2692). Clergy — English, ly ; native, 14. Catechists, etc., 200 (all natives). . Bishop's Scat. — I'mtata. Diocese of MASiiON.VLANn. (ii'iicral Description. — This mission was founded definitely in 1891, work having been com- menced from the diocese of 151ocnifontcin three years pre- viously. It comprises the coun- tr)' between the Zambesi, cast- ward of the Victoria I'alls, and may be drawn on the south, taking in Kiiama's Town, Palapswie, and extending along the Limpopo River till its junction with the Nuanctze, thence running to the nearest point on the .Sabi River, and thence along this river to the sea. Mission work has been begun in what is known as Mashonaland. a line which Fort Salisbury is now the head-quarters of the mission. Bis/iop's Sent. — Sal isbur\'. Diocese of LEiiOMito. General Description. — This diocese was taken out of the diocese of Zululand and the tribes towards the Zambesi River. It embraces the country lying between the Lebombo Mountains and the Indian Ocean, extending from the Sabi River on the north to the border of Ama- tongaland on the south. The population consists mainly of various Bantu tribes. There are also a certain number of Portuguese, Banyans and other Indians, Arabs, and half- castes at various places near the coast. At Lourenco Marquez, the terminus of the railway from Pretoria to Delagoa Bay, there is a very mixed population, almost all European nations being rcjiresenccd. The native population is very large in some districts, others being very sparsely inhabited. The first bishop was consecrat-xl on Novem- ber 5, 1893, at which time there were no clergy in the district except the Portuguese priest at Louren(,o Marquez, Inhambane, and Chiluane. Bislup's Seat. — Delagoa Bay. Diocese of Zchland. (icncral Description. — This missionary bishopric was founded in 1870. It embraces Zululand, Tongaland, Swazi- land, Yryheid, Utrecht, Piet Retief, and so much of the districts of Wakkerstroom and iumelo as lie to the east of wmy The luiropcan [copulation may now number the watershed of the Drakensberg Range. The about 4000. population of the first three countries consists Clinrch Work {Enropean). — The rcsponsi- almost entirely of natives, The other part^ of bilitics i)f the diocese have been grealiy the diuccsc arc in the Tran.svaai, and are '"VW^MfKB^. HTSmRTCAL CHURCH ATLAS. "3 lU HISTORICAL CIICRCII ATLAS. , ■■,0: i^i. V ■iii'Mi.iMMiiiii tmmmmm MM HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. II inhabited mainly by iJutcli IJocrs, with one or for Capetown, where he was consecrated first two small townships. The population may be bishop of the mission on January i, iS6i. put roundly at iSo.ooo. The area of the diocese is about 300 miles by 100. Tiic work hitherto has been confined very largely to Zululand, in which country there are 10 mission centres. In ail there are 23 clergy, four of whom are native deacons, and about 30 other workers. Bishop's Seat. — Isandhlwana, vid Rorke's Drift, Zululand. DrocKsi; ok .St. Helkx.a. (Ictieral Description. — This dio- cese was founded by letters patent (St. Helena being a Crown colony) in 1S59, and comprises the islands of St. Helena (distant from Africa 1200 miles, and from Brazil 1800 miles), Ascension, and Tristan d'Acunha, with a population of about 5300. The natives of St. Helena, with the exception of a few English families, have sprung from the intermixture of natives of India, Chinese, Malays, and Africans, in the days of slavery, with English settlers, soldiers, sailors, and other Europeans. The people of Trista.i d'Acunha are of mixed ]'"nglish and African blood. Ascension has no native population, but is inhabited by officers and men of the Royal Navy and Marines, with their families, and by Kroomen, who serve on board our ships of war for a limited time, and then return to their own country on the African coast. Chinch \\'oi-k. — There arc 3820 Church members. There are six consecrated churches, with two mission stations. But at present there are only four clergy in the diocese. Bishop's Seat.—" Red Hill," St. ] lelcna. INDEPENDENT DIOCllSlvS. I)I0CE,SE i)i- Zanziiiar and I^a.st .\ikica. / ■\ This Africa LivintTstonc mission to East Central was proposed by David in 1S57, and under- taken in 1S59. Charles I'rederick Mackenzie, Archdeacon of Natal, was appointed head of the mission, and with two clergy antl three laymen sailed Church ]Vorh. — Bishop Smythies assumed the title of Bishop of Zanzibar and missionary bishop of East Africa. In his diocese he retained Zanzibar, the Usambaia country, and the Rovuma country. It is impossible to correctly estimate the population. In Zanzibar alone are 150,000 people. In the diocese arc 16 stations and sub-stations, eight stone churches, six wood. Clergy — 17 European, eight native ; 18 laymen ; 25 ladies. Diocese of Likoma. On St. Peter's Day, 1895, the Ven. Chauncy Maples, who had been Archdeacon of Nyasa, was consecrated Bishop of Likoma, but was drowned in the lake on Sep- tember 12, 1895, while on his way to resume his work at Likoma. 1 le has been succeeded by the Rev. J. E. Hine, M.D., who has been a member of the mission for nine years, and was consecrated on St. Peter's Day, 1S96. The diocese embraces that portion of Central Africa surrounding and contiguous to Lake Xyasa, both in British, German, and Por- tuguese territory, known as Nyasaland. The population of the British territory alone is estimated at 850,000. Church ]Vorl: — The r cntral station is on the island of Likoma, in the centre of the lake. There are 17 stations, five churches, 24 schools, 598 scholars, 28 native teachers, eight I'.uropean and one African clergy, four ladies, six laymen, one medical man. Diocese oe Ivvstern Iv^uatoriae Africa. (ieneral Description. — This dio- ctse was founded in 1884. It consists of the two C.M.S. dis- tiicts, formerly known as the East African and the Victoria Nyanza Missions, though Its e.xtf v./ be spoken of as almost b 'ili s Church Work.~\\\c .,. ^ number 1 5, including Mombasa, Ercre Town, Rabai, Jilore, Tavcta, Mamboia, Mpwapwa, Ki- snkwe, N'assa, and several in Buganda The clergy number 45, of whom thirteen are natives ; I 2 Ii6 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. ,1 il ^ "i-»"\ 'I" ■■''! 'C M" ■".; -Tnine I ft 1 1 j5 t HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. m the lay agents (European), 28 ; single ladies, 32 ; native lay agents ("male and female), 729. There arc 12,000 baptized natives, of whom 3640 are communicants. [Negotiations arc on foot for a division of this diocese into two, but the arrangement -. not yet (November, 1897) completed.] DiocKSE or Madagascar. Ckunh Jr- the descriptions of the two dioceses here given.] n US HIS TO RICA L CIIUR CH A TL A S. ZANzinAii TO MAimiTirs A>'' •""""'"■ 1 s T-!n-iiuut.tnif\i (,/-lii»/>. / 'iManahnnt r ! I ""iff'J. l' .t.n .,/^i/ii .TT ItUllll 1 lUiiiftliii L H,.,*.,/V\j|,„,#.,,,„,V-, '■■"•'■■■'... ^^i&<>-^,i;- I'liif •».../?"*; 4<)' I Mhj( t^vi III '.it-piiwli-h 45* ^■J 50- Dilii-f MiflHiiuifti rijirr^STTShifTTr HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. lUj ') 126 I!" HISrORTCAL CHURCH ATLAS. SIERRA LEOyE & ^IDJOIXiyc TERRITORY ii' ... M A N I) I N r. () »ffiA,f i^"4V^ B,iiai n"I *■*- -*i/.ia i j^ Su'liTV/inia . ^ uimvah ~— ■ '^. N /' '< . /jT,- ''■■{'"*."-V^>„to , f-W'ni// i Hallo r-^.s^^er. , .^j, „ irmmi ^O^l.^ fZ-S-rAftiW C-4»^ tiinT«irt.;i.i. tiaunbidujij; 3P, /7.U1UJII i'! .!■ i r» — *t -, NuuaJl N 7.1 ^—5.,* ."'. V ^" »^ ^'* w ••"'""""' 'I'ltifthuf.^ HutumtayS^tu^ .\- MONRilVlAlT f i U" l.«n,vtuij« £Mt irf thrni«i.n .Sfcm/l.rW. C—yroMin,/ /,i,ii («*•!«« tmjolt. J A IIir/rORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. 121 MAP XVII. — The Dioceses of the British Isles in 1897. The dioceses of England in 154U arc given in Map XI, The following changes in the diocesan arrangements have been effected since that date, chiefly in the present century : — England— Ripon was formed in 1836. Manchester Truro St. Alban's Wakefield Liverpool Newcastle Southwell Bristol 1848. 1877. 1877- 1879. 1880 188-. 1884. 1897. Scotland — The ancient separate dioceses of Caithness, Ross, and Moray now form one diocese under the joint name of Mor.AV, Ross, and Caithness. Aberdeen and Orkney now embraces the ancient diocese of Aberdeen, together with the Orkney and Shetland islands. Brechin remains within its old limits. Its present bishop has been elected Primus of all Scotland. St. Andkew.s, Dunkeld, and Diiniu.ank constitute one diocese under this joint title. Glascow and Galloway has had added to the bishopric of Glasgow the ancient diocese of Galloway. AUGVLL and the IsLE.s contains the ancienl diocese of Lisinore, together with the Isles, Bute included. EDiNliUKGH was formcil out of tlie ancienl diocese of St. Andrews. The counties of ko.xburgh, Selkirk, and Peebles (previously in Glasgow diocese) were added to it in 1887. Armagh had Clogher added to it in 1850, when the first vacancy occurred after the passing of the Act. DlCRRY was combined with liaphoe. Down and Connor, which had been united together in the thirteenth century, had Dro- more joined to them. Tuam experienced no territorial change, " Mayo of the Saxons " having been previously annexed to Tuam, as also the diocese of Achonry, to which Killala had been added in 1607. KlLMORE was made up of Eiphin (to which Roscommon had been previously united) and Ardagh. KiLLALOls to which Roscrca had been pre- viously annexed, had added to it Kilmacduagh (to which Clonfcrt had been joined in 1603) and Kilfenora. Me.^tii had previou.sly absorbed the ancient dioceses of Kells and Duleek. DUULIN had Kildare and Glendalough joined to it. OssoRV had Ferns and Leighlin added to it. Cashel, to which Emly had been previously annexed, was extended by the addition of Watcrford and Lismore, dioceses which had been united since 1.563. Limerick remained as before. It had ab.sorbed Ardfert and Aghadoe some time after 1660. Part of Inis Cathy had been added to it after i \J2. Cork suffered no change. It had been united with Cloyne in 1431, and with Ross in 1583. The archbishoprics of Tuam and Cashel were abolished. Clogher, which had been abolished by the Act of 1833, was resuscitated as a separate diocese in 1886, the Act of Dis- establishment freeing the Church of Ireland from tile obligations of the .\ct of 1833. MAP XVIII. The Religions of the World. Iri;land — Ihc dioceses of Ireland, as defined in Map XI,, had been considerably modified in tiie scventecntij century (see pp. 47 and 4S). The eighteen bishoprics and four archbishoprics in cxi.stence in 1833 were reduced by Act of TUE following tabic, taken from the C/am/i i'arhament ni that year vo ten bishoprics and MLmonaiy Atlas (iMgiuh Edition, London tw,. archbishoprics. The ciianges effected by i8.>.), gives a carefully drawn up summary of i.-.at Act m the distribution of dioceses, as given thu popuialiun of ihc world accoidiiitr to in Map XI., were as follow.s ;— re!i>'ions : A ■ 122 HISTORICAL CHURCH ATLAS. NON-CHRISTIANS. KL'ligion>. iMIIopc. 5,500,000 5,750,000 160,000* 3,350,000 20,OOOt .■\.si;i with K.istern Archipelago. .\fric.i. 1 America. 3oo,oco 100,000 200,000 14,000,000 .\uslralia, with Polynesia ami New Guinea. 15,000 25,000 14,000 30,000 1,000,000 'I'uial. Jew. Mohammedans Hindus and Sikhs liuddhists, Jains, Shintus, Confucionisls ... Kcli(;ions not specified ... I'.igans Taoists, ... ' .and Y ... j 260,000 160,000,000 207,000,000 430,000,000 250,000 15,000,000 -1 1 430,000 40,000,000 300,000 125,000,000 ! 6,505,000 205,775,000 207,400,000 430,174,000 830,000 155,620,000 11,780,000 812,510,000 165,730,000 ' 14,600,000 1,684,000 1,006,304,000 Roman Catholics 156,000,000 Protestants, incliiiliny Anglican Chnrcli 86,000,000 Orthodox Greeks 92,000,000 Armenians, Syrians, Malchiles, Copts,! and Ahyssinians ... ... ,..) 300,000 Other Christians not specilied I 14,000,000 Total Christians (Jrand total CHRISTIANS. i I 8,500,000 I 1,000,000 6,000,000 3,000,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 820,000 30,000 3,000,000 348,300,000 j 19,500,000 5,050,000 360,300,000 ! 832,010,000 170,780,000 130,600,000 • The 160,000 liuddhists in Europe are the Turgot branch of the Kalmuchs. t The 20,000 r.agans in Euro|)e are the Samoyedes and a few Volga Finns. 57,000,000 59,oco,ooo 850,000 3.I3S.OOO 223,550,000 149,955,000 98,030,000 6,300,000 30,000 15,030,000 116,000,000 4,015,000 492,865,000 130,600,000 5,699,000 1.499.169,000 INDEX The lists of Eastern Dishoprks, pp. 24-30, the Irish Bishoprics and iMonasleries, pp. 41, et sei/., and the /u/,i;/ish A/oiiasteries in the lists, fp. 45-52, are not infludcd in this Index. A few modern equivalents of ancient names of places are j;iven here which are not referred to in the letterpress, hit occur in the Maps in their early form. I Aacim.N" (Aquisj^ranum), 1; Abba^ides, caliphs of the, 18, 19 Alibols, cpisciipal, in Iielaiul, 41 , episcopal, in Scotland, 40 Abernclliy. See the Northern I'icis, 40 Abgar, King, 9 Abrincatuoruni, Legedia (Avranthcs), 32 Acci (Ciuadix), 12 Acco, 30 Acherenza (Achornntia), province of, 31 Acta Marty mm, 9 Adelaide, diocese of, 104 Adjaciiini (Ajaccio), 31 Adrianople, Latin archbishopric of, 34 Adrianopolis (IMirnc), 27 /Kmiiiions or H.vniinions (i.e. the Balkan region), bishoprics in province of, 27 Africa, Eastern Kipiatcirial, diocese of, 115 , map of Eastern Central, I16 , North West, Christianity in, 33 , I'roconsidaris, 10 , South, i)rovince of, 109 , Western Equatorial, map of, 110 Agabra (Gabra), 1 1 n. Agaunum {= rock, now St. Maurice in Valais. Monastery founded A. I), 515). Agde (Agatha), 32 Agen. Vide Aginnuni Agilberl, lUsliop, 43 Aginnum (Agen), ^2 Aidan, St., '7 Aix, I'ide Aqu.e Sexl.e Ajaccio. /■(■(/* Adjacium Alans, 15 .Marie, 15 II., defeated by tlovis. if) Alban, St., 9 ■, St., martyrdom of, 3S (Scotland), early bishops in, 40 Alhigenscs, the. 22 .\le\andr a, 10 -, bishop of, 14 , biihopfics in province if, 27 , pntrinrchBtc of, 14 ,\lgcrna, diucSsc ff. 73 , map of, 74 Alexius Coinnenus, w Amasia, 8 .\mcrica, Christianity in, 72 • , Church and colonies in, 72 , commissaries sent to, 72 , first English bishoiis in, 73 , map of North West, 77 , settlements in, 72 Amida (Diarbekr), 13 Aniiens. I'ide Samarobriva Anagrates (Annegray), 16 Anbara, or Acbara, 30 Andegavorum Juliomagus (Anger-), 32 Andrew.s, St., province of, 47 Angers. / 'ide Andegavorum Angouleme. I'ide ICngolisnia An.sgar, 18 Antigua, diocese of, 84 .\ntioch, 8 , bisho|> of, 14 , Latin patriarchate of, 34 , patriarchate of, 14 ■ , patriarch of, 13 .\ntakia. Vide Antiochia .\ntiochia (.\ntakia), 28 .'Vntivari and Dioclea, province of, 33 Aosta (Augusta I'r.etoria), 32 A|)an\ea, 8 Apollinaris the Vounger, 13 Apostles, spheres of activity of, 8 Aqua: Sexta; (Aix in I'rovencu), ^i n. .\qu,e Tarbellic;e (Dax), 32 .\quileia. 8 , Nova (LJradu, now Venice), 31 , province of, bishoprics in, 31 .\qnincuni (aniiciit Huda), II .\ luisgraniini (Aachen), 17 Arabia, bishoprics in province ol, 30 ArausK) (Orange), 32 ". Arcadia, bishoprics in province o(, jS Arelate (Aries), 32 .\rcobrica (Arcos), 1 1 Argenloralum (Strasburg), 3a Arianisin, \i Ariniinum (Kimini), Council ol, 38 Aries, 9 . Viiti Arelate , council uf, 10, ll* , province of, 32 Armenia, n buDer ittate, 2u \ 124 INDEX. ' Armenia IV,, bishoprics in province of, 2y , Churcli of, 13 (incluiics part uf Cappailocia), liislioiirics in province of, 25 (? Minor), ])islioprics in province of, 25 Arras. Vide Nemctaciiin Atrebatum Arverna (Clermoni), 32 Arzun, 30 Asia, bishoprics in province of, 24 , Stale iliocese of, 14 Asindinensis, 1 1 Assuan. yi,/,- Syenc Asiurica (Astorga), 11 Astigiia (Kciia), 11 Alliabasca, iliocese of, 78 Alhanasiiis, 12 Athens, S , Latin arclibishop of, 33 Atlila, 15 Aiich (K!iinl)erris Ausciorum), province of, 32 Auckland, diocese of, 107 Aiidoniar (Si. Oiner), X. .•Vugsbnrg, Confession of, 1,1, 37 , Diet of, 37 Angst. /■/(/<■ Augusta i\aiirie(inim Augusta Kauricoruni (.Vugst), 32 Treviroruni (Treves), ^2 Vindelicorum (Augsburg), 32 Augnstamnica, bishoprics in province of, 27 Secunda, bishoprics in province of, 27 .-Vugiistine, St., Archbishop ■ Kphesus a IlAllVl.iiNISll C Al'in ITV, 35 llndria, 30 Hagdad, I.S, 22, 30 liahauias, map of, 86 llakerda, 30 lialada, 30 liallarat, dloce^e of, 104 Uangor (Co. 1 imvii), 16 , aniiphonary ol, 41 , see of, 3*1 liarb.idos and the Windward Islands, diocese of, 85 Barbarossa, Eini>eior Frederick, 21 Barcelona. ri,/c Harcino liarcinona (liarcelona), 11 Barcino (liarcelona), II. Bari, province of, 31 Bartholomew, .'^t., massacre of, 37 Basel, Council of, 36 Basil I. recovers portion of the Byzantine llmpire, 19 II., ly Bassora, 30 liath and Wells, map of, 53 Bathurst, diocese of, 103 ^ \ Bayeux (.Vugiislodurum Baiucassium), 32 Beauvais (liellov.acum), 9, 32 Beia. i'idc Pax Julia Belgrade. Vh/e Singidunum Benedictine abbeys and priories, arms of, 49 houses in England before Reformation, 4S rule, 45 Benedictines, reform of, 21 Beiievcpto, province of. and bishoprics, 31 Bengal, map of, IS9 Bermuda, 80 Bernard, .St.. 21 Berua, S Berytus (Beirut), S, 30 Besan(|-on. /Vi/f Vesontii> I'eteria (lieziers), 1 1, 32 lieziers. T/i/^ lieteira Bible, translations of, 37 liirinus, Bishoj), 43 Bishoprics, new, in Kngl.iiul in sixteenth century, 37 liithynia, S , bishoprics in iirovince of, 25 liitnrica. /We Bo urges llloemfontein, diocese o(, io<) , map of diocese of, 110 llobium (l!ol)bio), 16, 31 Bogoris, Ivingof the Iiulgari;uis, iS Uoliemia Christianized, 19 liologna. I'lJi- liononiii Bombay, diocese of, 90 , map of, ()o llon.i. ;■/(/,■ Ilijip.i Regius ll-inonia (liologna), 31 IJordeaux (liurdigala), province .if, 3.' Borneo, I'.ritish N'orlli, map of, 99 Uostra (Bosra), S Hourges (Avaricuml. provnice ol, i,! liiiicara (lir.aga), 1 1 , province of, ^i Breslau ( Vralislavia), bishopric of, i,^ Hrindisi. I'itie Urundusiuin lirisliane, diocese of, 104 lirilain invaded by Teutonic tribes, 15 liritisli Honduras, diocese of, 8() Brundu^ium (llrincli-i), 31 Uruno, 19 lluda. ; i,t\- Aipiincum Bulgaria, archbishopric of, 35 lUilgars, the, 17, 18 Burdigala. fV,/.' liordeaiix Hurgundians, 15, lO llurma, map of, 97 L',/,• Aqua- Tarb. Decretals, the false, 17 Denmark, conversion of, iS Dertosa (Tortosa), 1 1 Deva. r/i/,' Chester Devonshire, conquest by English, 40 Diania (Denia), 11 Dibio (Dijon), monastery founiled 1059 Dijon. /VV/t' Dibio Dinnurrin, ? Dingerein, or St. Cerniains, 40 1 )ioclea and Antivari, province of, 33 Diocletian, birth of, at Dioklea, 9 Dividunum (Metz) Dol (Dolus), province of, 32 Dominicans, 52 Don, the. /'/ Numantia (laul, source of lirilish I'hrislianity, 38 (leneva. /Vi/i' llenava ( lenava (Uene\a), 32 Cieiioa, 20 (ienseric, 16 George, St., of Cappadocia (Dulclia), tn t:,r»ii}ii, lifeofSt.. Gerunda (( )erona), 1 1 '^^^imfgi'im . 1 )11 1 ni ',)i.m» i jL i j i INDEX. 127 Gezira, 30 Ghent (Gandavum) Gibraltar, diocese of, 70 Gilljertines, houses of the, in ICngland, 51 Glasgow, province of, 47 Glastonbury, 43 Glevuni (Gloucester) Gloucester (tilevum), 47 Gnesen, bishopric of, 33 Gnosticism, 12 Gonilisapur, 30 Gothic invaders Arians, 15 Goths, the, iS Goulburn, diocese of, 103 Grado. I'ide Nova Aquileia, 31 Cjrafton and Armidale, diocese of, 103 Grahamstown, diocese of, loi Gran. VHc Strigonium (Strigonensis), province of, },}, Greater Theliais, Iiishoprics in province of, 28 tireek and Latin Churches alteni|)t to unite, 22 language, e.xtcnl of, 7 Gregory, Pope, 16 VI., Pope, 19 VII., 21 of Tours, y Grene. /'/V/f Gyrene Guadix. Vide Acci Guiana, diocehe of, S2 , map of, S3 m IlA.MADAN. r/r/c Kcliatana Hamburg and liremen, province of, 32 Hamilton, Patrick, 37 Ilaiiin-al-Rashid, 18 Hejr.a, the, 17 Ilelenopontos (Paphlagonia, etc.), bishoprics in province of, Heligoland (Foselisland) Hellespont, liishoprics in province of, 24 Henry IV., Emperor of Germany, 19 \'HI. and convocation, 37 Heraclea, bishop of, 14 , province ol, 34 Ikraclius, Emperor, 16 Hereford, diocese of, ,4, 47 , maj) of, 57 Hertford, conneil of, 43 ^ Heruli, llie, 18 llildebrand, monk of Clugny, \'idc Gregory VII., 21 Hippo Regius (liona), 14 Hispalls (.Sevdle), 12 ■ HoUknido, 102 Holy Se|Hilchrc, order of, in England, 51 Holy Trinity, the order of ihe, in Englaml, 32 Honolulu, diocese of, 108 Honorias {liithynia, etc.), bishoprics in province of, 25 Honorius, Archbishop of Canterlniry, 43 llowel tlie Ciood, mention of bishop-houses in laws nf, 39 Huguenots, 37 Huns, 15 Huron, diocese of, 75 lluss, 35, 37 Iceland, 18 Ilonla (Lerida), II Ilici (Elche), n Illiberre (Colibre), 1 1 India, brief history of, 87 et seij. India, map of .Southern, 96 , population of, 98 , religions of, 98 Indulgences, sale of, 37 Investiture strife, 21 lona ( 1 ly), 16, 40 Ireland, bishopiics in early times, 42 , bishojirics in, 47, 48, 121 , conversion of, 41 -, provinces in, 47, 48, 121 , spread of the gospel to, 16 Irena;us, martyrdom of, 9 Iria Flavia ^l'adron), II Irish (.Scolic) monks on the Continent, 16 Isauria, bishoprics in province of, 28 Isca (Usk) Isinid. Vide Nicomedia Isnil;. Vide Nic;va J.icobite patriarchs and provinces, 30 Jacobites, 13 , the, dominant in Egypt, 19 Jadera. Vide Zara Jamaica co'onized, 72 , diocese of, 82 Japan, 100 , bishoprics in, 102 — , population of, 100 Jarunian, 43 Ji:nghez Khan, 22 Jerusalem, 30 and the East, diocese of, 71 , I.atin patriarchate of, 34 ^— , loss of, in 1187, 21 , jiatriarchale of, 14 taken from the Turks, 20 Jewish colonies, 7 John Comnenus, 20 Julioliona (Lillebonne) Juliomagus Andecavorum (Angers), 32 Julius, Pope, 13 Justinian recovers portion of the l\mpiie, 15 Justus, liinhop of Rochester, 42 K Kknstec, Bishoj), 40 , episcopate of, 39 Kentigern, .St., 40 Kilrimont (.St. Andrews), foundation of, 40 Knights Hospitallers, houses of, in England, 51 ■ of the Sword, 22 Templar, 35 , houses of, in England, 51 KoMa, 30 I, Lacoiirica (? Lagoa), 11 Lahore, diocese of, 92 I.andiria I'lavia, 1 1 Lameca, 11,32 Langre>. \'idc Liiigonum 128 INDEX. Laon (Lug , dioc. map of, 5S Liege. Vide Lendinm Likoma, diocese of, 113 Lillubonne. / 'ide Jidiobona Limoges, / V,/,' Lemovica (AugiisloriiiMn Lemovieum), <) Linumum Pictunum (Poitiers), 32 Lincobi (Linduni), 45, 4() , dioc. niaj) of, 59 Lindisfarne, 17, 40 Lindsey, conversion of, 43 Lindiim, '■/(/,■ Lincobi Lingonuni (Langres), 32 Lislion. /Vy,' t)lisii.o Lisieux (Novioniagiis Lexoviornin), 32 Litlniania, 19 , conversion of, 22 Liturgy, Knglisli, 37 Livonia, conversion of, 22 Llanafanvaur, see of, 38 Llanliadarn, see of, 3S ' LlandalV, see of, 3S Llanelwy, or St, Asapli, see of, 38 Lombanlic invasion of Italy, 16 Loml]ards, the, nominally Arians, iS Londinium, I'idc London London, 44, 47 l.oteva (Lodevel, ^1 l.othar, 18 l.ouis, iS the Pious, 17 l.ubcck, },! I.uca (l.i;go), 1 1 Lucknow, diocese of, 02 l.ugdunum liataMMuni (l.eiden) Lugdununi, / V(/c Lyons Luguvalliuni. \'ide Carlisle l.und, province of, 33 Lutetia Parisii (Paris), o, ^.,2. I. ui her, 37 Luxeuil, /V'./t Luxoviuni Luxoviuni (Luxeuil), 16 Lyc.aonia, bishoprics in province of, 20 Lycia, bishoprics in province of, 25 Lydia, bishoprics in province of, 24, 25 Lyons (Lngduiium), 32 Lyons, Council of, 22 , first bishop of, 9 , province of, 32 l.yslra, 8 M MiACKKN/lE RivKK, diocese of, 78 ^'.ajon. Vide Matisco Pl.acre, Latin archbishop of, 34 Madagascar, diocese of, 117 , map ol, 118 Mirlras, diocese of, 92 M.agdeburg, province of, y., .Maintz. Vide iMoguntiacum 1 l>rovince of, 32 Malabar, 13 Malaca (Malaga), 12 Malaga. //.A- Malaca Malmesbury, 43 Manuel Conmenus, 20 Margain (? Morganwg), see ol, 38 Maronites, metropolitan of, 35 Marseilles, a Greek colony, 9 . Vide Massilia Martel, Charles, victory over Saracens at Tours, 17 Mariigiiy (l)clodurum), 32 Martin, St., of Tours, 38 Maslionaland, diocese of, 112 .Massilia (Marseilles), 9 Matisco (Macon), 32 .Mauritius, diocese of, ir7 ' Me.aux, /•/,/,• .M.,-lda Medina, 17 Sidonia, bi-liojiric of, 1 1 .Mediolanum (.Milan), province of, 31 .Mediohiiium Sanlonum, Saintes, 32 Mediomatricuni (Metz), 32 Melanesia, diocese of, loS .Melbourne, dioce.se of, 105 .Melda (.\leaux), 32 Melita (.Malta), 8 .Mellitus, liisliop of London, 42 Melodununi (Melun) Menevin, or St. I)ii\;ina (.Messana), [irovince ol, 32 •Methodius, iS Mettis (.Metz) Metz. r/,/,- IJividununi, .Mettis, .Medioniatricum Micilaus, Duke of Poland, 10 Mid-China, diocese of, 100 .Milan. /■/,/(■ .Mediolanum ■ , province of, bishoprics in, 31 .Minoresses, 52 -MisMoiis, Kngli^h, to the Continent, 43 .Missis. I'ide Mopsucstia .Mo'si.i, bishoprics in province of, 27 Moguntiacum (Maintz), 32 Mohanniicd, birth of, at .Mecca, 17 Mohannnedan contpiests, 17 Monasteries, dissolution of, in I'aigland, 37 ■ in KngUand till end of eighth century, 45, 40 in Ireland, foundatiim of, 41 ^!on.^^tivi.1:ll, origin of, 44 , rules, 44 INDEX. 179 Monastic reform, 2i Monj^iils, conquests of the, 22 Monks and friars in England, 48-52 , maps showing chief monasteries and bishoprics, 53-00 and secular clergy in England, 48 Monophysites, 13 Monothelite controversy, 15 Monrcale, province of, 32 ?.Ionstiers en Tarantaise, 32 Montreal, diocese of, 75 Moors in Spain, defeat of the, 22 Moosonce, diocese of, 79 Mopsuestia (Missis), Latin province of, 34 Mosul, 13, 30 Myra, 8 N Namnetica Civ. (Nantes), 32 Nantes. Vide Nammelica Civ. Naphara, 30 Naples. Vide Neapolis Narbey, Abbe, on the first bishops of Gaul, y n. Narbo. Vide Narbonne Narbonne (Narlio) .9 ; province of, 32 Nassau, diocese of, 85 Natal, diocese of, no Navarre, the kingdom of, 19 Neapolis (Naples), S, 31 Nelson, (docese of, I08 Neniausus (Nimes), 32 Nemetacum Atrebatum (Arras), 32 Neoc;esarea (Niksar), 25 Neopatra, Latin province of, 34 Nepete (Nepi), 8 Nestorian patriarchs and bishoprics, ;o Nestorianism, 13 Nestorius, 13 Nevers (Nevirnum Aeduorum), 32 Newcastle (X.S.W.), diocese of, 104 Newfoundland and Bermuda, diocese of, So Newfoundl;\nd, map of, 81 New South Wales, ))rovince of, 103 New Zealand, dioceses of, 107 , province of, 107 New Westminster, diocese of, 82 Niat;ara, diocese of, 75 Nicx'a (Isnik), council of, 12 Nicomcdia (Ismid), 10 , Latin province of, 34 Niger, map of the, 119 Nijmcgen. i Wt' Novioniagus Niksar, \'idc Neocasarea Nimes. fViA' Neniausus Niiiian, St., 38 Nisibis, 13, 30 Norman Conquest, 20 , its ert'ect on the Church, on architecture; new ecclesiastical nrrangenienls after, 46 Normanily, dukc^ of, iS , William of, 19 North China, iliocese of, 100 Northmi'ii, dcscni!-^ of llic, i.S North i.Hicensland, diocese of. 105 Northumbria, conversion of, 43 Norwich, iliocese of, 46, 47 , map of, 60 Noliliic Grucornm Episcopatuum, 24 Nova Scotia, diocese of, 75 Noviomagus (Nijmcgen) Numantia (Garay) O OcTODUKUM. /'/(/(^ Martigny Odessus (Odessa), 8 Olcron (Uliarus), 32 Ulisipo (Lisbon), II Oniayad caliphs, 19 Ontario, diocese of, 76 Oporto. Vide Portus Cale Orclanus (Cnlatrava or Oreto), 1 1 Orelo (Oretuni) Oretuni (Orcto) Organization, ecclesiastical, 14 Origen, 12 Orleans. Vide Ccnabum Osaka, diocese of, 102 Osca (Huesca), 11 Osman, 23 Osmanli Turks capture Constantinople, 22 Osmanlis, 23 Osroenc, liishoprics in province of, 29 Ostrogoths, 16 Otto made king of Krance, 18 Ottoman Empire in sixteenth century, 36 Ovetum (Oviedo), 32 Oviedo. Vide Ovetum Oxama (Osma), II Oxford, diocese of, 47 , map of, 61 Pale.ntia, I I Palermo, province of, 32 Palestine, bishoprics in Third Province of, 30 P.illadius, 41 Pampelona, II Pamphylia, liishopries in province of, 25, 26 Paneas (Ca'sarea Phiiiiipi), 35 Papacy, deinand for reformation of, 36 , rival claimants to, 36 Papal power, growth of, 19, 20 Paphlagonia, bishoprics in province of, 25 Paris. / Wt- Lutetia I'arisii Parochia, 14 Palaviuni (Padua), 8 Patras, Latin province of, 34 Patriarchate, 14 J'atrick, St., birtlipl.ice of, 41 , ordains numerous bishops, 41 Patrimony of St. I'eter, bishoprics in, 31 Paulinus and his work, 43 Pax Julia (lieia), II Pepin, King, 17 IVrigueux. Vide Vesunna Petrocoriorum Person of Christ, 12 Perth, dioce>e of, 105 Persecution of the Church under the Roman Empire, 10 Persecutions at Lyons, 10 at Vienne, IQ (favoured spread of the gospel), 8 K 130 INPI-.X. i; rctcrli()ii)ii(^li, diocese of, 47 , miip of, 62 I'liilip II. of Kraiico, 21 I'liiliiipi, S , Latin iirovinco of, 34 Pliilippopolis, S I'iKL'nicIa Liliani^ia, liislioprics in province of, 2') I'aralia, or lilloral, hlshoprics in province of, 20 I'hiygia Capatiana (I'acaiiana), l)i.slioprics in province of. 27 • Tacaliana, bishoprics in province of, 26 Salularis, bishoprics in province of, 2(1 I'icts, the, 16 I'isa, province of, 31 risiilia, liishoprics in province of, 26 I'lacenlia, 12 I'oiliers. I'ii/t- l.inionuni I'. I'olaml, conversion of, ly romer.inia, ig I'onlos i'oi;'nioniacos, l)islioprics in province of, 25 — — , Stale ilioccse of, 14 I o|ie ileposeil ami exconinumicated liy the Eastern Oluuili, ly I'opes, subject to a (Jeneral ('oi\neil, I'l , three at one time, 36 rorHiL;al. I'i ic I'ortiis Cale I'orliis L'ale ( l'ortii};al, Oporto), 12 I'olhinns, liisho|i, 9 " I'raijniatic Sanction," 36 I'renionstratensian Order in Enijl.ind, 51 Pretoria, diocese of, IIO Prussia, conversion of, 22 Punjali, map of, 95 n Qli'Ai'i'Kl.i.ic, diocese of, 70 Quebec, diocese of, 76 <,)iiercy. ''/,/.■ (.'adiini R K.\c.iis.\, province of, 30 l\ant;oon, diocese of, 02 Ravemia, S, 16 , exarchate of, 17 - -, province of, lii^hoprics in, 31 Reccared, 16 Kedones (Renncs), 1,1 Reformation, area of, 37 , tliL-, 35 Ki'Kt;'" lRhei;ium). province of, 31 Reims, 'j , province of. 32 . . I'i.li Purocortormn Relii;ions of the World, 122 Reniliart, iS Renii. ' Vi/i' Reims Remii^ius, 16 Renaissance, ils relation to reformation, 36 Rennes. fide Redones Rl\odope, bishoprics in province of, 27 Richard I. of Kngland, iz Rimini. '■/,/(• .\riminiini Rimini, Council of, 38 Riverina, dioLCse ol, 104 Rockliampton, diocese of, 105 Rochelle, sieyc of, 37 Rocliester, diocese of, 44 , map of, 63 Rodez (Sct;odunum Rutenorum), 32 Rome, bishop of, 10 , patriarchate of, 14 Rome, pope of, and emperor, 17 Rossano (Roscianum), province of, 31 Rotomayiis (Rouen), 32 Rouen, province of, 32 Rupert's Land, diocese of, 7O , province of, 76 Ruric in Russia, iS Russia, conversion of, 10 Russian attack on tlie Ejnpire, iS .Saiuli.ianism, 13 .Sa^;ona (.Savona), 31 Saintes. / Vi/j' Mediolamnn Sanlonum Saladin defeats the Crusaders, 21 Salamanca (Salmantica), 12 S:'.Iislniry. / V./e' Sarum Salmantica. / /,/(• Salamanca Saloii.e (Spalatro), ii Salonica. / '/(/.' Thessalonica (Thessalonica), Latin province of, Salzburi; (Jovavum), province of, 33 Samarobrlva (.Vmiens), 32 Samosata (Samsat), II Santa Severina, province of, 31 Saracens, the, 16 Sarai;ossa. / Vi/t- C.esarauj^usta Sarawak, 94 •, map of, 90 Sarilica (Sophia), Council of, 38 Sardinia, archiepiscoiial sees in, 31 Sarum (Salisbury), diocese of, 46 -, map of, 63 Saskatchewan, diocese of, 79 Saxon invasion, proj^ress of, 39 Schism of Kast and West, 15, . — , bej;inning of, 19 Schwerin, 32 Scodra (Scutari), 32 Scotch dioceses, foundation of, 41 Scotland (Alban), early bishops in, 40 , Christian settlements in, 40 -, modern dioceses in, 121 . -, province's ecclesiastical in, 47 , Reformation in, 37 Scots, the, l() Scutari. I ith' Scodra Sedunum (Sion, Sitlen), ^1 Segobia (Segovia), 12 Sej;obrica (Sei^orbia), 12 Sei;obri.L;a (?Cuenca Kiepert) ScL^ontia (Si^uenza), 12 Sei;ustero. /'/(/(• Sisteron Seleucia Mai;na, 8 Seljuk Turks at N ie.ea, 20 , conipiesls of, 22 invade the l-'.mpire, 20 Selkirk, diocese of, 78 Seise)-, diocese of, 44 mm /XJ)liX. «3i Senlis. / ■/./<• SilvaiiL'Cla Seiioiii's. I'iiii' Sens Sens, |irovince of, 32 Serr.i (Seres), Latin province of, 34 Serviiin Cliurcli, 35 Sel.il.ia (Xativa), 12 Seven Moiillis of tin; Nile, bishoprics in province of, 2S Seville. I'iili' Ilispalis Sidenacesler, 'liocesc of, 44 Sierra Leone, iliocese of, 1 17 Si(;nenza. i'li/c Segontia Silislria. /'/(/«■ I >nic)storuni Silvanecla (Senlis), 32 Singapore, Laliuan, and Sarawak, diocese of, 94 Sin(;idnnuin (lieli^rade). Council helil at, a.d. 3(17 Sion. r/i/i' Seilnrnni Sislcron (Se^istero), 32 Sitteii. / V./f Seilununi Slavonic peoples, country (jccupied \>y, 17 races, 18 , translation of liible into, V) Soissons (Aii(;usta Suessionuni), 9, 32 Sophia, St., at Constantinople, 15 , I'lilt' Sardica Sorbiodunnni. Vidi: Sainni South japan, Kin-Sbiu, diocese of, 102 Tokyo, diocese of, 102 Hokkaido, 102 Spalatro (Salona), province of, 33 Spain, ancient, bishojirics of, 11 , Mohammedan rule in, 19 S.r.C.K. and the I'lantations, 6y Spires (Nnviomatjus Nenietum). 32 St. Allians. /'/(/<• Verulaminm St. Asaph, or l.lanelwy, see of, 38 , map of, 69 St. David':;, or Menevia, see of, 3S , map of, 70 St. Helena, diocese of, I15 St. johii's KalTraria, diocese ol, 112 , map of diocese of, 1 13 St. Omer. / Vi/c' Aiidoniar Straslmrj;. AVi/.' Argentoratum Strathclyde, 40 Slrijjoniuni ((Iran), 33 Suetonius, 10 Suevi, 15 Suindinuni Cenomanoruni (Lc Mans), ,2 Suljiicius Scverus on the intioduclicjn of Christi.mity into ( laul, 9 ". Si'is, Sis. /V'i/(' Susa Susa (Susi, 30 Sussex, conversion of, 4 i Sutri (Sutrium), near Rome, 20 Sydney, iliocese of, 103 Syene (A^suan) Synoil of Sutii, 20 Synods, 8 Synods in second century : Ancliialus (Aid■if, I}, Ziniisces, John, 19 /ululand, diucese of, 1 12 Till'. KNI). PHINTKli HV WliI,t\M ' I,(1W1;S \Mi MISS, tlVITIli, IIISIKIN .\MI nja(:t.Mi. ( mrmmmmmmmmm'^ Bf I >i I I I ■*"■ - " -W?'-* %,s5" ■n-flBfe^^r-^^Nw* ^ Ol Igl I I ( aif.sisia!e»j«i^,ej»8B(^.;4;^FWPWcf-tfff-,- ^,'^-vat,,trs-v w I /^ r^ k I'^i-- ii MMM X 56, 68, CI X. THE BRITISH ISIJIS from liilToddcUon or ChriHtianitj uiitil ead uf VIII. 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