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Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fiimds d des taux de rMuction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est fiimi d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iliustrent ia m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 u CONTF THE ( t ''rom thi SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.^^ " Af ^' UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.' THE L PP nn^^^ ^ MONOGRAPH OF THE LEPiDOPTEROUS FAMILY NOCTUID^ OF BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. (OCHSENHEiMER) AND OF CERTAIN^ ALLIED GENERA. I.I .4.1 ■If J BY JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., Hutgers College, Nen. Brunswick, Ne^ Jersey, niul HARRISON G. DYAR, Ph. D., Honorary CustoUian of Lepidoptera. ■■■■OTlOirBBS BWlBgg ^i'usageduCf.Adelidje I'ro. the Proce«.i„„„,Ui,U.^^ states National Museum Vol XXI (with Plates I-XXII). ^' '""^^ -9* WASHINGTOX: r.OVK.RNMENT PRINTIW; OFFICE. 1898. CONTRI LEPIL NORTl A REVISK 1 1 t* ».-<»»u' •«L> In 1883 U. 8. Der and, in ad that I sboi dopterous many of th of "cutwo desire that in which t My own ta all the wor great amoi prepared. In 1885 Dr. Kileyc was then ii tinned; bu secure the ] doned. A work was s pared, aftei publication Proc, -VA CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE LEFIDOPTEKOUS FAMILY NOCTUIDAE OF BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. i^UKH^AL A REVISION OF THE 8PECIKS OF ACRONYCTA (OCHSENHEIMER) AND OF CERTAIN ALLIED GENERA. By John B. Smith, Sc. D., Rutgern College, New liiunmvick, Neto rertey, and Harrison G. Dyar, Ph. D., Honorary Cuatodian of Lepidoptera, U. S. National Museum. INTRODUCTION. By John B. Smith. In 1883 I was employed by Dr. C. V. Riley, then Entomologist to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, as a special agent of his Division aiid, m addition to the economic work assigned to me, it was planned that I should devote as much time as possible to the study of the lepi- dopterous family Noctuidae, or "Owlet Moths." Dr. Riley had bred many of the species from larvae which, under their common appellation of "cutworms," are well-known pests to agriculture, and it was his desire that we should cooperate in the production of a systematic work m which the early stages were, in the main, to be his especial share My own task was solely with the adult stages, and in certain genera all the work was to be done by Dr. Riley. In pursuance of this plan a great amount of material was accumulated and much manuscript was prepared. ^ In 1885 I became Assistant Curator in the U. S. National Museum, Dr. Riley occupying at the time the place of Honorary Curator It was then intended that our joint work on the Noctuidae should be con- tinued; but It soon became evident that we could not at that time secure the publication of such a work as was planned, and it was aban- doned. A great deal of additional material had been received since the work was started, and I began to publish such parts as had been pre- pared, after reviewing each group and bringing it up to the date of publication. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXI-No. 1 140. Proc, N, M, vol. xxi 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU XXI. Among the fjenera reserved for study by Dr. Riley was Acronyeta, wljich had interested hiin for years because of the differences noted among the hirvae. Certain studies of structural characters were nuide by Mr. Tiieodore Pergande, of the Division of Entomology, and by myself, and under Dr. Kiley's supervision most of tlie adults and all the obtainable larvae were figured in colors. It was intended that the work should malie Bulletin No. 7 of the Division, to be published in 1885, and seven chromolithographic plates were a<^tually printed. So many life histories were incomplete, however, and so much difHculty was encountered in obtaining missing species, that publication was postponed from time to time until, in 1891, Bulletin No. 7 was finally devoted to another theme, and the matter was allowed to rest for the time being. In 1889 I resigned n)y place in Washington to accept that now occupied by me in New Jersey, and all plans for combined mono- graphic work by Dr. Kiley and myself were abandoned. Dr. Kiley retired from the Department of Agriculture in 1894 and devoted himself to work in the U. S. National Museum, intending to take up and complete those lines of scientifi<* study which were perforce abandoned through the burden of routine work in the Department. His untimely death prevented this; and in arranging his affairs his widow very kindly turned over to me the entire mass of papers and notes, together with all the original drawings and sketches referring to Acronycta. ' On the occasion of my visit to the British Museum in 1891 I did not see the entire (;ollection of Acronycta, partly because they were not then all included with the true Noctuidae by ]Mr. Butler, partly because, my time being limited, I relied upon the comparisons made by Dr. Riley. The manuscript turned over to me contained the notes on the British Museum specimens made by Dr. Riley, and all the breeding notes and records accumulated for many years in the U. S. Department of Agri- culture. There was no descriptive matter, however, and not even an outline of a proposed systematic division. All the systematic matter, therefore, is original. To the kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard, who succeeded Dr. Riley as Honorary Curator of Insects in the U. S. National Museum, as he suc- ceeded to his place in the Department of Agriculture, I owe the loan of the entire material, of every kind, in this group from both Museum and Department. To this was added the collection accumulated by me for Eutgers College, and the rich material borrowed from Mr. J. Doll, of Brooklyn- Dr. E. Ottolengui, of New York; Mr. E. L. Graef, of Brooklyn; Mr! Philip Laurent, of Philadelphia; Dr. William Barnes, of Decatur, and Prof. George H. French, of Carbondale, Illinois. To Mrs. C. H. Fer- nald I owe a number of specimens from her own collection and others, with notes, from the collection of the Massachusetts Agricultural College Experiment Station. NO.IUO. Prof. , tions of with ma Beutenn Museum from the Dr. Hem collectioi from tha in his cl assisted i The ms (lantever ties for as ^^'^;'' «■« from that of the America,, H;nto,,,ol„gica^^ Society U,w'',; ""*' .., M. charge, and to these and to all otherlwho ,^v! M""' "''* assisted me I offer sincere thanks ™ otherw,se .lantLrSerr^l^lrinTel"'' ""',' ""> """ ""^ ""-' "•">- tiesforasfert,.,,i„gr:»;::rvSo:"f„Th:z*s''"^''""""'- t„sk Of dealing with the early stages in this g™„s A Cw""".,"' "■" sented to ^^««lation gives it a somewhat .uisleadin^am ear 6 PROCKKDtNGS OF THE SATIONAL MUSBUM. vouxxi. terB ill Heeiiiliigly allied g«imra to inuko thm of auy great importance at present. It will be seen from thiM review that the laHt word on the relationship of the genera treated in thit* paper han not been wiid, and that their a8Hociati(»n as adults in not fully wan anted except from convenience. In tabular form the groups and genera above referred to may be arranged ».h follows: ANALYTICAL KKY TO OROUPS AND (JKNKHA. Volii 6 of H«c»udttricM un strong iih the othorH utid uriHiiig from the meaRe, the inner margin longer than the outer Demas. Tongne moderate, usefnl for ftieding; antennae pectinated In both sexes; though Hhortly in female Ckaradra. Vein 6 of secondaries weak, arising from the cross-vein remote from 4; eyes always "*'**'^ AcitONYCTINI. Antennae simple in both sexes. Tongne moderat« or strong; ordinary spots or transverse maoulatlon at least traceable Acronycta. Tongne weak and shhrt; muculation strigate, withont trace of ordinary spots or transverse lines AraUonvhe. Antennae shortly pectinated in the males. Ashen gray species with hairy vestltnre, body plump, wings small ; abdomen »"t»<'t«*l Merolonrhe. Brightly colored and marked, with scaly vestltnre; body slight; wings large, abdomen prominently tufted Harrisimemna. cliaractei .V^aristij tllKl.H pON Im' a IJpa (he tufts lioiM the Dr. Untie] THE EARLY STAGES OF ACRONYCTIDS. 15 Y Hauklson (}. Dyar. The descriptions of larvae, which 1 have prepared to supplement Professor Smith's at!count of the imagines, are taken almost entirely from my own notes. Professor Smith had practically no useful notes on early stages to turn over to me, but there was considerable material in alcoholic and inflated specimens. Most of this, however, consisted of the common species on which I already had notes, and only a few of the specimens were of service. Fortunately, my notes were rather full in the Acrouyctid forms, though far from complete, as I had not made special eftbrts to finish them. The larvae of the Lepidoptera present a number of well-marked differences in structure among themselves, affecting principally the clothing of hairs. These differences are very well marked in the I Acronycta larvae. So great is the diversity that Dr. A. G. Butler! formerly attached much importance to it, referring the several species of Acronycta to different families of moths, according as the larval NO. 1140. >">iiTn iMminAS X(,cw,n.u-.smr,i akd inAH. -i.i» ,.o.»... i„ „:;,';,:;:":„? "^:;:,:r ,:;;r r;;;r" ' ^"° '"••i LipaiLI fi„,„ tl,« l„„»UI,ko tiif .^^ 1, '"''"•"'"« "ould M.M.. the «„!< hair a, y a u ,t, t:: r' ' ' """"f"" » '■•'"i"-».....lo«'t.on, on the other hand, is pH.nitive Jtae'on thl^.bdol .^ •phl'^x'V'n "f '^^i '^^''" "^ actoriHticof theTineides fthA Mi, J i , "J^" ^yUl, t\g. 1, are char- -.1 Huttertiie. Tlbe^lJe^ «^;^' --n«, condition in the Sphinires rPlZ v vii « *'"' ^^I"'»«H '« the moved n,> behind t ^ iraele ^h . A "^o ^^' ^'^'"*^ ''^"b^'''^'^ ^^ flu '^^ m, . !* »P"»*«'e >s thatot the Bond)yce.s (l»hire VVrri siuglo hair. Amonu these Zr« ? ?• "*"** ''^ !*'''*•'« "^ e»«h of the thoracicZr t X fwalft,? '"*'"'' ""^« "' n.oditicatiou The group inelud L the «n nh ^j"'*' ^^t'^^''^*^^ ^^^« l^^r«e ,,roups. Notodontiiae cX r^,t .' ,^;' ^f *^« '^^^I'^^ »«ads up from t .e tVom the Noetu^d "a rnld : tireT;"!;''^"- 7'" ^"'^^ «^-*« ^^uchromiidae (Syntonuidaer Th« '^'''' '"'"""^"''^ '" "'« wart« has taken X several ffml'^T'''"" "' ''"«'" ^**»"^ "'^o byces,«o that the'^riir r reTs'rtt":if rr^-*'^ "^'^• attinity. Moreover a refnr,, f« f . , ? absolute criterion of caution. The result i^ th.,t fo^.i u ®" ^'*^' » certa u mentioned above^ch-iraeter^ «y ^outlast with the superfamily ones kseofthe,a™.;:ri,XTXi.r """^ »'™°''"^"'-''ed than warranted iu sepuratiue uart lltZ, .1 ''*"'* hiiuaelf almost including AcronycCafe'^rN ' 2s "ut h"""^' "'"* """'' "''^'' form the subject of the present artioir if<«»'• «-^y '^PP-- nna.h less hairy thai IV tiny hair; ^ a strong hair; VI several small hairs. The thoracic warts are similarly reduced. Color clear green, the dorsal intersegmental white dots elo^! gated, addorsal ones round; subdorsal liue straight, yellowish white; wart III shin- Ss V ?„ I'vr ; ■''; ''"'^"'', °' abdominal feet elongate. In some, the spiracles, >a. ts and yi of aodomen and III, IV+V, and XI of thorax are surrounded 'J. rowly by red-brown Dorsal hair dusky, sub ventral hair pale. Later the ground . olor xs more whitish, less clear green, joint 2 and head a little yellowish, the mark- ings ess coiitrasted. At the end of the stage a marked ..liange in color takes place Head shaded wih purplish leaving blotches of whit., dots conllu-nt in group ove" the faces of the lobes; ground color in front and on clypeus still greenish. Body grayish wli.te over the back to wart V, all the warts orange color White dorsal and la eral lines the stigmatal region all white, broken obscurely by greenish in he incisures of the faint annulets. A series of numerous purple-brosv'^^.^pots n an neguar geminate row of four dorsally, the second single; before wart I, behind wait II, above and below the subdorsal line, small, dilfuse; before and behind wart 11 , over most of the subveutral space, forming a sharp lower border to the white SiealldTrr' '"* "" *^" segmental incisures. Dorsum faintly purplish shaded. After acquiring this coloration the larvae left the leaves wh«r« fh«- h"<' 'vthprfo rested and finally bored in soft wood to pupate, in the ma^neVof '//arn,mmna throwing out the chips united by threads into small irregular balls '""'"'''""''' i'ui,«.-CylmaricaI, slender, light brown, slightly shimng. The oases uro smooth, a Ai. nil tfl n IQ PROCEEDING S OF THE NA TIONAL MUSE UM. vol. xxi. are unknown. Of the four that are known, Charad^imd Bema^AW in Group IV, though with important ditterences; Harrisimemna falls in Group III rather than any other, though aberrant, and Panthea falls doubtfully in Group I. Charadra and Demas have not the pupal char- acters of Group IV ( Viminia), and they doubtless represent a different stem. These four Pseudo-Apatelid forms {Pantheinae) separate as follows : True warts present, uot degenerate : Secondary hairs present, sparse, hair pencils present Panthea No secondary hairs. ' "' '■ Hairs stiff; pencils present ^^„,^^ w„.. /'^''^««f;"«fn«il« Charadra. Warts degenerate, single haired above VI Harrmmemna. The following table will separate the American species of Acronycta whose larvae are known. The more important European species are also included for comparison. Falvula, amuecta, and lanceolana I have not seen, but have placed by the descriptions only, which, unfortunately, are usually silent on the crucial points. Therefore these species may not be correctly placed. In the special descriptions following, only very few cases uf full life histories are made out.' The larvae have generally been found young and bred up, the first stage especially usually wanting. Except in Group IV, I have assumed six stages, fol- lowing Chapman, and numbered those observed to correspond; but it should be noted that there may be more, and the relations and char- acters of Stage I need further study in nearly all case.s, even where a stage is marked " I." From Dr. Chapman's remarks it appears that in certain of the species the primitive first stage may have disappeared; but our knowledge of the American species is too scanty to admit ot more than mentioning that this point is to be looked out for. The notes of Dr. C. V.Riley have been used when I have had none of my own, as well as some kindly communicated by Mrs. C. H. Fernald. Special acknowledgment is given in all cases to every author quoted' The specimens preserved in the U. S. National Museum, and mostly collected by Dr. Kiley, have been freely examined, serving as the basis for several descriptions. Three descriptions of Apatela larvae are not referred to. They are by Dr. Packard, in the Fifth Report U.S. Entomological Commission,- '^ndeterniined. They seem to be immature or non-Apatelid forms, and I can not guess what they may be. the thorax above shagreeuod; abdominal segments rather thickly punctured, exctJ^t in narrow posterior rims, which are smooth. No cremaster, but the last segment is enlarged above, smooth and shining, with a series of siiort longitudinal grooves in the depression preceding the enlargement; below the segment is less enlar^red not shining, and bears several slender hooks in a transverse row on either side, directed obliquely downward. Length, 9; width, 2.5 mm. Food plant, sour gum {Nyssa sylvatica). 'Only morula, furcifm-a. griaea, and nocdvaga. «Page8 461, 498, and897" NO. 1140. I Demos Ml •memna falls Panthea falls pupal char- t a different separate as mRTH AMERICAN NOCTUWAE-SMITH AND DTAR. Demae. . . . Charadra, Harrmmemna. »f Acronycta ciesare also 1 1 have not fortunately, species may ►wing, only larvae have i especially stages, fol- ond; but it 8 and char- en where a ;ars that in sappeared ; to admit ot had none of I. Fern aid. lor quoted, iiid mostly s the basis They are mraission,- forms, and nred, except it segment is 1 grooves iu nlarged, not Lde, directed 11 7Va..-I„ his full and valuable account of the^S^giSTIpi^t^ Jr. Chapman divides the genus into three sections or ^nera on nlni ciaracters His third section comprises only %...', Xh iZt'n Acronyc^Kl at all, and may be omitted from consideration xLre remain two groups, the first with the pupa of the ordinary Jet ud pattern, smooth brown, tapering regularly from the thickest part If the thorax to the anal segments, which are son.ewhat roin ded the abdominal segments punctured in front; cremaster withT serfe's of curved sinnes or hooks in two sets, one above the other. This sTcion includes the larvae of the first three groups The pupae of Dr. Chapman's second section (I have transposed hi« numbers) are black, or nearly so, with a rough wrinkled sTfaTe the free abdommal segments as wide or wider thanthosein front Ihete'rmi hatred bld'^ikr^r- 1\' ^^^^^^^^^ -arglnof el'Ltne't nas a raised band, like a barrel hoop, which is smooth. Cremaster furnished with a bunch of stiff", brown bristles. This section corre sponds to the fourth group of larvae. ' ®" There is thus an exact correspondence between pupal and larval characters, but the latter are more delicate, defining thrLg'rps he pupae can show but one. On the other hand L characters draw,! from the male genitalia are still more sensitive and indicate more groups than the larvae, while contradicting none. • ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE KNOWX LARVAE OF ACRONYCTA. 1. Warts, small, subfnnctional, i&w or sintrln },.vi,«,i „+ * -. 2. Seco„darjha,r,,b„„„„nt,predo,„ma„,. ' (LaVval .^Monn 'i' .Secoadary l,»,r, f„^ or absent, „ev»r predominant .. ,^- ;*:»»"'«»"'f«"Hn|tdor.al hair pencil, at inatnritv 7 I /'''"'^'o'"''''^ '^""8 to show a series of dorsal marks • , .«;:;;■ ,r.!r ;!d;:,r::"''"-!-'"'''°'-''^ '-- -"'-^^ Hair dense, short, brown, and black ; ^• 6. Hair soft, curving over n nsy mmetricall v haatuUfera. Hair soft, but straight, not curved . . leporina.^ 7. PeiicilsonlyonjointsS, 7, andl2 frigida. Pencils on other joints besides 5, 7, and 12 ^' 8. The pencils on Joints 5 and 7 paired... ^" No pencijis jiaired ' amcricana. 9. No pencil on joint 6 ' dactylinn. A pencil on joint 6 as distinct astheothers ^''^"''- — — . ruhricoma, uropeau. "American and European. •A I i -t 'J, ! tWi 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. 10 Secondary hairs present, tl.onj;!, 8o»,«tiin..8 very few ; warts n.ore than one-haired atinatnrity. (Larval .Section II) j. No Hecondary haire; warts usnally sinyle-hairedYn'tV.e'iast 'stage," except wart VI. (Larval Section III) gr 11. Not green at maturity (nor the alternative brown) "..... 12 (ireen on the sides at maturity, or the alternative brown .!!!!...!!!"." 18 12. A dorsal elevation (m Joints 5 and 12 i ' These spots centered with a transverse black dash funerau'g Body not green Body green, hairs pale, mixed with a few black ones.. .".'.'."."'.' ianceolaria 32. Warts with more or less tine, feathery hairs among the bristles 33 ^'^'■*« without line, feathery hairs, but tlie spines often soft 40 30 31 'European. VOL. XXI. ) than one-haired 11. ago, except wart 25. 12. 18. 13. occidentalia, 15. inornla. 14. pni.^ tuft Cll8pi8.' tridenit.' radcliffei. furcifera, 16. ...megacephala.' 17. bet lilac. innotata. lobeliae. impleta. 19. vinniila. 20. 22, 21, 21. fvagilia, siiperaiiH. falcula. 23. pruni. siriijosa.' lithonpild. grisea, tritoiia. retard a III. 2(). 2!). coiineclii. 28. 12 ej't/ix. oratii, hamamelis. afflietii . 30. 168 ahii.i faneralis. 32. .. .lanceolaria. 33. 40. m 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AND DYAR. \ 3 ;!;i. These Lairs forming collared tufts, resembling Orgyia. lut^^n.. These hairs not forming such tufts '. '"'<"'«"»«• :^4. A distinct pule subdorsalline or row of spots". !!!....'! *' of' No distinct subdorsal line .'!."). A dorsal row of rod dots... ^* Dorsal space black »-«micJ«.' ;i(;. A dorsal red patch on joints auricoma.^ No such unpaired dorsal patch '.'.".W abscondita. • ;i7. A distinct substigmatal row of lunate yellow "spots * .' nhuJ^' Substigniatal baud famt, not yellow ooimxta. 38. Warts 1 and II with contrasting white spots ,V '.V Without these spots ....;;;;;;:; ^yhmformu. 3'J. Hlack, substigmatal band reddish .... '.' ^^' Tawny reddish, more or less suftused wi'thlil'ack nocttvaga. AO. Entirely black.. sperata. Black with substigmatal pale li"n"e.'.'.'.".'.'.V.".".'.'.'.".'.'.".".".' rnenyanthidis.^ 41. No pale subdorsal line *^" A pale subdorsal line present besides t'he 8nbstign,a'ta"l'on"e 11' 42. Hair all black *■'• Hair pale, except for a few biaVk "ones on joints 's and 12 Z7„7«' Hair pale, foxy red at the ends of the body -amans. Hair red the whole length tmprcsaa. 43. Black predominating, hairs mostly soft". ■."■.'. euphorbiae^ Incisures broadly pale, hair more bristly ^im^^^l^r' , 44. Warts not red . . . i>tmyra dentmosa.' Warts red Simyra nervosa.^ Arailonvhe albovenona,^ DETAILED ACCOUNT OF GENERA AND SPECIES. PANTHEA Hubner. I'aiithea HCmineu, Verzeithniss, 1816, p. 203. lonl^"Z'/f r'/-P'f'K';'**^ '^^'^'''^ ^"^^' «^«^* quadrate thorax, long stout cyhndncal abdomen, and large, trigonate, pointed primaries The head is broad, retracted, front flat, eyes widely separated, all the e ext en^e posterior angle of the eye. Tongue short and weak. Palpi sm.ill, slender, hardly extending to the front and practically invisible he"nn'ir? ^"^^"^^^'^^^^^^ ^"-s wh^h recirx^ner^^' ^'''- ^" ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ «^-P>^ ^" ^^e se^tt' hu^TZ T'\ ■' ^"'"^ ""^^^ •^^ *^« secondaries in both S'i^re^renott'^. ^'^ '""" ''^ ^-^-' P^-IN -^ cylindrical. The wings are larcft. well dotliod 'vithsj—ioa r,,,A , , ,. - " ^-, «c„ cisMii.u Airu Sv;aie3, andarosetweli iorward 'Europenq. ^AmericanrtkmrEur^e"t;^; ' :M t ^ ii m HI III III 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. on the thorax. Primaries broadlyTrigonate^the outer margin obli^ the apex considerably produced, so that the costa is almost double the leugth of the inner margin. The venation is normal, except for the origin of the veins from the accessory cell. This latter may be entirely absent and is never well developed; but hardly two of my specimens are entirely alike. The only permanent feature is that veins 7 to 10 inclusive, always rise from this point, though 7 may be stalked with 8 + 9, or 8 + 9 may be stalked with 10. Sometimes all rise from one point, and again 7, 8 + 9, and 10 may be entirely distinct. The secondaries are proportionate, well developed, with vein 5 as strong as the others and usually close to 4, so as to form part ot the same series. This is not entirely uniform, however, and 5 may be quite well removed from 4, though always of full strength. Three of the species agree in genitalic charac^ters, the harpes being broad, somewhat irregular, and with a small, very stout, obtuse, curved corneous clasper, at the lower angle of the tip. The odd species is gigantea, which has a very large, broad, corneous clasper, which is scoop shaped, quite abruptly bent and pointed at the tip. The species agree closely in general type of maculation, all having the ordinary lines and the median shade a single, broad, black band while the subterminal line is marked by a broad, black, dentate pre- ceding shade. All are ashen gray or black powdered on a white ground Furcilla differs at once from all the others by lacking all trace of tlie ordinary spots. The lines are even, quite well defined, and the median Ime as a rule touches and for a short distance unites with the trans- verse posterior. Gigantca has the reniform present and is at once the largest and darkest of the species. The primaries seem almost blackish, the tho- racic markings are practically obscured by the powderings, and the transverse lines on the primaries are quite narrow and even. Portlandia is almost white in ground color and only a little powdery The reniform is distinct, a little diffuse, and the transverse lines also* while distinct, have the margins powdery and somewhat diffuse All the hues are entirely separated in all the specimens under examination Acronyctoides is the smallest of the species, and in all the specimens I have seen the orbicular is present as a black spot. There is a dark shade between the median and transverse posterior lines which gives a broad, band-like effect below the middle, and the subterminal space 18 almost entirely dark filled. The species are thus all distinct and" may be arranged in tabular form as follows: ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PANTHEA. Ordinary spots of primaries entirely wanting. The ordinary lines and nie.lian siiadc are prominent, broad, and black, furcilla Ordinary spots repre8ente'"* ^' even, almost upright and tonninn/fi ! ^^^^^^'-^^ ^^^ade line broad, ■the inner mare n. The lin« i« ft.ii«^^ i i evident toward Ordinary spots are entirely w^,,LT tL ^ '' T'°*' '""• T""' tase, witl a vague, smoky "er^r' ba, d "r^ltr '*"' f ""'^ "' h"..,le. Tbere is also a broke,, d,,sky 1 at tl h* ""J"^ """"" r""S«s. Beneath grayish powdery .ri^l, IT "'* °' ""^ I«''« M„(ls of the unner ZZ ?I 7!, , P">n«ries darker, with the fl.arp,y deane^'l^e:! rrtish™ wit'r Z'T""'' "™ ™^^ [,.,.,ds and a dusky diseal spot ' " '™'«™'»« du^ky lixpanse, 1.3.5 to 3 inches (34 to M mm.) 5hr;"t^s:t'#ori„!'rt *'"•'• ^'"-^ « »» ^-^-^ u, h'g the black bands p,.o,ni„e,™v relTev."^ ?^ "^ " ^'^ ""'"' ''^"- hai n,arbling and th^liZ 2 „t ™1 " "■'" °''''™ ""'™ '^ » I ** na.xv^nci, wLite-snadeU, and more 16 PROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL I ditt'use. This latter type, predoiniiiiites among the northern specjimens and makes a strong approach in appearance to portlandia, though the ordinary spots are always wanting, so far as my experience goes. LARVA. LiNTNEU, Twenty-sixtli Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. HJHt., 1872, p. 132, ««. 7.— TiiAXTiCH, Piipilio, 1«8H, III,p. 11.— Kernaii), Stand. Nat. Hist., 1885, II, p. 453.— Paikaim), P'ifth Wept. IJ. S. Ent. C'oiniii., 18!H), p, 774, pi. xi, flg. 8. mage F/.— '< Head large, rounded, reddish. A pair of stiff spike-like tufts of hair, reddisii at base, blackish at end, arise from the dorsal tubercles (of joint 13); a pair one third as long (on joint 3). Body and hairs pale rust red; a lateral irregular whitish stripe, sending prolonga- tions upward; an interrupted dorsal whitish line. Legs reddish." (Packard.) Statfe rj/.— Head white, so thickly dotted with light reddish as to appear of that color; an irregular vertical white line on each side of the median suture and a transverse one on ocelli. Warts distinct, normal; a few secon„ci. t e transverse posterior line in my specimens. The subtern'ina b.e s iiimost exactly as n,>m7/«, but a little less marked. There s a dil t.nct dusky lunnle representing the reniform; but the orbicular Ts absent. Secondnnes in the nude whitish, with a blackish shad ng Lg the inner marg.n; in the female smoky, with an indeflnr daS exterior band Beneath smoky, paler in the male, tern L space gray the subternnnal space darker, making a vague transverse IZ which is continued across the secondaries on wtich a d caT«P^"^ also apparent. ^'o^ai spou is Expanse, 1.90 (male) to 2.30 (female) inches (48 to 68 mm ) lfHhitat.~Co\orai\o; Texas. ''• I I'ave «,nly a single pair of this fine species, through the courtesv of Mr. l>hilip Laurent; hence 1 can not speak as'to variations ^r Tave I any better or more accurate localities than above given. The s pedes ::^r;;;Le'gS;r"^^""^^"^^^^'^^-^-'-'^^ PANTHEA PORTLANDIA Grote. (Plates IX, fig. 4, female a.lnlt; XIV, lign. i, 5, head and thorax- XV fl. - , rana..aj>ortlandia GHOTK, Mitth., a. d. Roe.n. Mus., Hildeah, 1896, N... 3 p u Ground color white or nearly so, more or less i>lack powdered Collar with a smoky shading at base and blackisli line at tip Pata^ 1 reTase o'f tttllorf ^' Tu '''' ^"^ '""''^'^^ «^ ^^^'^^ ^^ \Z 1! "" '' •''''^ ^'^'^^ **W^'^'- «» the primaries the black powdering is as a whole, more dense along the inner marg^, td before the snbterminal line, which is thus shaded. It also ?e ulfto Ittrc^t..? r^ ';''" ""'"^" '''''''' ^^^^^^^ "- traceabl'e on ; ttle irregnUi , but, as a whole, outwardly oblique. Transverse posterior hue upright to vein 4, but a little toothed on the veins: iXw th' point with an even incurve broken by a tooth on the submedirvein Median shade line well marked, as broad or broader tha'h X ' almost ngully upright to the submediaii interspace, below whc^ it 1 eutiy toothed. The most pro.niuent teeth are on veins 3 and 4 and lot ':ttz lb!:"" ' ^" '\ ^"' ' '''' '' ^etween-^hest' ::' louow vtin 4 the line is incurved and less conspicuously dentate "a bH..|cl^ , '^" '' ''''"'"^' ^"' '^' ^«"*f«r'" ^« present either |.^ a black lunule or as a crescent with black mardn and wl,iH«i. ' .0.,.,! I Zri^T;;i^:.^r!:i^'^^^^ ^,,,,,,,,. ^econdarie^^hi^sh,; u PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. little dnsky at the base, and with a blackish, rtift'nse, exterior band. Beneath, primarifeB Huioky to the terminal space, all the markings of the apper side faintly visible; terminal space powdery white; secondaries whitish, with two narrow and one broad, diffnse, smoky transverse bands. Expanse, 1.00 to 1.90 inches (40 to 48 mm.). Habitat.— Victoria, and Corfleld, Vanconver; Northwest British Columbia; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon. This species has been taken in some numbers by Dr. Dyar, at light, and seems to be not uncommon. It is tlie palest of all our species and easily distinguishable from those resembling it in size. There seems to be little variation, save in the amount of the black powdering. • PANTHEA ACRONYCTOIDES Walker. (Plates IX, «g..5, male; fig. 6, female adult; XIX, tig. 4, male genitalia.) . Audela aoronyctoUlen VValkeh, Can. Nat, and (ieol., 1861, VI, p.37.— Gbote, Can. Ent., 1877, IX, p. 27; Hull. Geol. Surv., 1878, IV, p. 169. Panihea acronyctoideii Smith, List Lepidoptera, 1891, p. 34. Panthea hucomelana Moukison, Proc. Ac. Nut. Sci., Phila., 1875, p. 428.— Grote, Bull. Geol. Surv., 1878, IV, p. 169, pr, syn. Ground color white or nearly so, quite heavily powdered with smoky and black scales. Disk of thorax smoky ; tip of collar black ; patagiae crossed by two blackish bands. Primaries quite heavily powdered with smoky or black, the tendency being to leave the basal space moderately pale, the cell almost whitish, and the terminal space gray. Basal line black and traceable across the cell. Transverse anterior line single, almost upright, but well outcurved in the interspaces. It is variable in width and in definition. Transverse posterior line irregular, narrow, denticulate, strongly incurved in the submedian interspace. Median shade line distinct, broad, diffuse, usually parallel with the transverse! posterior line; the tendency being to fill the space between these lines j completely. Subterminal line very strongly dentate; much as in port- landia, but the teeth yet more marked. The subterminal space is smoky I almost to the transverse posterior line, leaving only a narrow white shade. There is a terminal dusky line tending to break into spots, andl the terminal space is blackish powdered, sometimes becoming smoky. The orbicular is present as a black dot; the reniform as a small black crescent. Secondaries whitish; more dusky at base, with a blackisli submarginal band which shades gradually toward the base and, as al whole, the female is much darker than the male. Beneath whitish, both wings crossed by three rather indeflned smoky bands, which are much better defined on the secondaries. Expanse, 1.45 to 1.55 inches (36 to 38 mm.). ffabitat.—mver Rouge in June; Canada; Maine; New York; Massa chusetts; Minnesota; Wisconsin; Corfleld, Vancouver. This is the smallest of the, species in average exp.snse, thoufyh speci NO. 1140. yonm AMEIUCAN NOrrvmAE-SMlTH JSn DYAU, )st Britisli mons of /iirci fin run below if Jt la ^ * i-. ~ ' - a" ti,o t..et., exa««era;ir„ia .::;z:: ^^^z""'' z'rT' "'•"■ (li.rken tl.o Npaie between the media.. .. wi 7 ^ tendency to Mniten.arkedin„.o8tspeci e.r tI^^^^^^^ ""^*«^'"'' ''»« •« orbicnlar is developed b,riTodofv "'« ^''^^ «I»«cie8 in wl.i.^h the .he specimens I hale had Ltre 1 "'* "^"""*^ '' '« ^— ^ - "" DEMAS Stephens. 7.m«. STKP„KN8, 111. nrit. Ent, Haust., 182'., II, p. 59. Plump, yet somewhat slightly bnilt sne,.i«« ™.fi . very short thorax, long, cylinLcl abdomen Id T "''"' '^"^'' [ fngonate primaries. '"momen, and large, narrowly scarcely «,c.i„r.;,et'„\ : , vl ^^J: ^ BTe,',"-"* T' ' '■""•■ .small and concealcl. Antennae ITJ, nl\ /T F' "™"' ™'y tl'e n,ale, s ,le in tie fema e " 'e,nW !l ^f """'^ l>ectinated in Tl,„,.ax ve.V short a,:dTveaCw™ f h^ HT'T" '" '"" "'°^''- well marked, vertiture composed of Itfell?*' f '""^ '"""e»« 1.0 .„«». Tl,e logs are short afdl"" '"'l 7 .Tir'":' '"""'"^ |»>dy, clotheicesrectangular;aLtLn;oint^ y3 '^'"^^"^' ^^^"^^«' *^^ |l)e accessory cell is narrow il. V°^^'«" °or«»«l, except that ccasionally^anting S^lTs^rlT^^^^^ 'T^ "" ^^"' ^"^ hetl.er from the end of the small eel ;!' '.i! ?!* ^^ ^'" ^"''^ *^'««« ontinuing the subcostal ZsTiZa:^ t J^ ^'^^"^ ^^« «^^'^ Secondaries proportionate, rather narrow venlf in., n IS as strong as any others La arises cSl^Tfr^rthetrr ''"* The genus is closely related to Panthea, and dirterT^.Meflv h^H T"" f the primar es, which arp 1ps« tr,o,. . • , "*^^'* < uietly in the form- ke .abruptly ^^ide. ^t^r'SrH ''"'"" "'*«' «'^"' -"» Ml more weak and the Ltl Znl . . , ,°'''"' '^"'^ y«* waller yoportionate lengt, e:^li:i rinT^eT^'l ^'^^VaM """"""'" "' |«lly of the nrnle, seem unnsu.ally short l^m-Jl!' « ''»'«"»'«^. espe- fcto'o than in the other species In nTlh! * ^f " '™' """■''<«• "' oportionately longer thriTthot I^^Z' *"" """"*"''- -« J /*-o^m,?mZwm resemble.., Pa.>*j..^f^ ^x,^ . ^„ 5'°''*- |Mch .are single and .uiteVellma.-e-d ^VtX Lrver'ptt'S 20 I'ltnCEKinNdS OF THE X.tTfOXAL MVSKVM, Vol. XXI. lino JH iMoro i.orniully aiul evenly hiHiriiiute, and the median lino U dimisi* and obwuiie. HoMi ordinary M|«)t.s an^ prcHent. FlavivorniH lookn >iiucli like th« preceding', uikI Iuih lioen iionfnsed witli It. Tl.o nuMlian liiM-H ar« nmcli nion^ .shMuler and aro ronnected in tlio nudly distinct in the specimens. The orbicular isl round or nearly so, brown ringed, centered with the white ground color.! ynmi, ty/BincAX xncrnntK-MMnrr ixn nvAR. 'opinquilinea. NO 1140 ..^^... "'<^«t^Jti^ ■^"VTrin.iK-sMfTn tsn dvar 2I Hl;;:r't"::,:;z ™X' ",nM"'«:;;' "T""'"" ; '--"^ "•"- mii.li moid lumiy riuiii Muwe of r/*/i .•/„/.... 1. " . '"*'"'^«" imitlim - - " "p- - .' "tt,„ t„„ .i.r.;„tt."t o'";;;„';:;,;r' '■""'"" -' LARVA. lll.e b„,ly e.e.e„t ,„. ,i t .. Wi„iL on,",.';"';;,,,^" """' "'"'•'" "" W' it .i,„v6, »,„e„,ii„g u„„.,.,i, .;„„„,:„; - : t ';,':! 7: "'■" ..,M„„1 warts VI, til] tbo l,o.l,y ,„ay be l.carly ,^1 bb T ,1 ^"7 [yhlW. ' "'* """■ '""""'« " »"'(-'!« tuft. «,,i,aeles pr;"--'"""' """ f™il; " few threa,!, .,pu„ betwee,, leaves ;;:«' eatt:i':,:;L:r^c;: 'T'"f^ '"'"'^"■«' '--^-fy »-.ti! *od plants.— liivch, waluut, inai»Ie, oak, beech. 22 PliOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. DEMAS FLAVICORNIS Smith. (Plates IX, fig. n, nialft; flg. 10, female adult; XVI, fign. 2, 3, 4, venation; XVII, fig. H, legs; XIX, lig, 6, male genitalia.) Dcmaa Jlavicorma Smith, Bull. Bkln. Ent. Soc, 1884, VII, p. 3. Demaa propinquilinea Smith, Bull. 44, IT. S. Nat. Mus,, 1893, p. 32. Ground color a very pale dusty gray, on which all the markings are obscurely defined. Antennae of male yellow, head otherwise immac- ulate. Collar smoky tipped. Disc of the thorax smoky and patagiae with a smoky tip and cross band. Primaries with the ornamentation smoky and in very slight relief. Transverse anterior line narrow, single, almost upright or even inwardly oblique, with a single outward tooth below the cell to meet a similar procjess from the transverse pos- terior line. Transverse posterior denticulate and a little outcurved over the cell, then with a deep incurve to meet the spur from the transverse anterior line. The inferior inclosed median 8i)ace is usually the darkest part of the wing. Subterminal line denticulate, parallel with the outer margin and shading insensibly into the palest ground color inwardly. Terminal space dusky, ending in a broken dusky ter- minal line, which is preceded by pale lunules. Orbicular round, brown ringed, with a pale center. Eeniform narrow, upright, incompletely outlined in smokj'. Secondaries thinly scaled; whitish in the female, blackish in the male. Beneath gray to smoky, with a vague outer line and discal spot. Expanse, 1.10 to 1.75 inches (27 to 44 mm.). ifa7nlack, sharply defined; media.i lines conne.^ted centrally; ordinary spots luack centered , .^ Markin„H l.lackisb, not sharply defined noi^onVraVtingVn.'edian'liurs'noVconnect'ed' ordinary spots yellowish, not dark centered dispiilm. NO. 1140. ^^o^rfl^_^j?/c^A^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ lowu to me, 25 CHARADRA DERIDENS Guen6e. (I lates IX, fig. 12, mule adult; XV tias 1 o „„*„ XIX, hg.8, nmlegenitiiliii.) .<*,••>, legs, Wi)/«erarferiden8GuKVj;:K, Spec. Gen., Noct 1852 I n '^-^ i Cat. Brit.MuB., Het., 1856, IX, p! 36 ' ' ^" ' ^^- "'' "S" 8— Wai.kbr, Charadra deridena Guotk and R()niv>4nw' t„„. a t^ Ko„,™oN, T„„,. Am. K„,. So.., ,w, I, p ^^ '"f ',^„'' '' ™-««OT„ .„d ami i„feriorly a little dnskr tTtairiJ^ w H n " TT'"' '"'"'' ''"°'' tipped. Diseofthoraxbackp;w5^?iT''pH,'""'""' .''»'"' ""•' ''I'""' tatio,, black aud coutrastirg ZlThalf nrn "f "'"' "" """"""" the subcostal vein. TnuJ^^^^^^,^'^^^'^;-^}"' "-oken „„ costa and then almost unriffht to inno, ' ^'®' ^^"*^ *^» <^*^e -v..,.i .K-tb at its ™iadr:r„:et r, ;'s,?.^;:L"ft,rt""'^"'''- posterior line. Transverse nnsfprm. i " "®'^'*f '<^» ot t lie transverse over the cell, denticulate Ate vets a^dr;: i ' 1' ^^ ^'^''^'^ ^^^ of the transverse anterior line m1?i^ , f ^ ' "' *'' "^^^ ^^^ ^oth than black, a little beToVthe -^^'^'' ' - ' ^''''"'''' '^'^'' the ordina'ry npots t:\rtner tiZnS^r'' '^'^ inwardly diffuse, outwardly deJedZ ",,it ,"7'"' "" ^^"^'^' but not dentate, best mar'ked tolrd"^ thrmL!^^^^^^^ vague centrally. There is a seriP^ of hi! i f"^"^^.'"^ '^"<1 often quite which the fringe is duskroS^' ^^ '""'r' ^"""'««' beyond lined, with a laTge cen raf bla^k sno t^lT"^' incompletely out- marked in black! outwardly As a whohftiT "f "'^^' "^^''^^'^' ^««^ dered, there is a clear shado itl "" "^\*''^ ^^^^^ «Pace is well pow- media'n space is ^ e el ™^^^^^^^^^^ "^^^'••- ^'-' ^"^^ follows the transverse posterior m.P ^' ' "!^*^'^" ^^^^^^^^ ^ ^'^ar shade a.ea that soinetimeslCT, . ^^^^ Tjl ^"'1 '^ ^ ^^"^^^ , line. Terminal space moderaterpow^ S *" 'T-^ '^"""*' ""^^^ what paler basally: a dark line -ft b! i ^f^^^''^^ «n,oky,some- I whitish and cut with smokv V ? '^ *"* *''" ^""^^^^' ^^'"«»^ ^re I .ray outward rblyondrdTsky outer i T'""'" ""^'^ "' ^'^ •>'-' With an ext. LdL. d^^Sr^^^H^,-— ^ »--' -^- I I^xpanse, 1. 1(. to 1.80 inches (35 to 45 mm ) chnsettsin July?Evan^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '"^"^^ '^"'>'5 Massa- I York" in May. "^^^""^ ^^"^^^ ^"^^ Aharon, ^ew York, in Julyj " Js'ew , This species is easily recognized bv its Inr.o «,-.. ^.„,,5,..r |"".ed primaries and united median lines: The ;.:i^;:;^^r;::^3 i J 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. to the amount and extent of the black powdering, and even in size the range is not great if the sexes are separately compared, the male being almost uniformly larger than the female. LARVA. SAUNDEK8, Can. Ent., 1870, II, p. 145.— Lintner, Twenty sixth Rept., N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1872, p. 157, tig. 12.-Packauij, Am. Nat., 1874, VIII, p. 692.— TiiAXTKif, Fapilio, 1883, III, p. 11.— DiMMOCK, Psyche, 1885, IV, p. 274.- Packaud, Fifth Kept. U. 8. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 166. ^//flf.— Hemispherical, with flat base and distinct vertical ridges, diminishing above and ending by becoming flattened to the surface of the egg near the micropyle; number, alxmt 28, Reticulations distinct, rather square, a line at the vertex of each rib and one in each groove only slightly wavy; the (!ross reticulations forming the striae, all equally distinct. Reticulations smaller at the micropyle. Diameter, 0.9 mm. ; height, 0.45 mm. Color pale whitish green, later wifh a black dot at vertex and a narrow concentric ring one-third the way down irregular or broken. ' Stage /.—Flattened, the legs spreading. Head rounded, whitish; width, 0.5 mm. Body whitish, green from the food; cervical shield reddish and a series of red subdorsal patches over wart II, very dis- tinct on joints 3 to 7, entirely absent elsewhere. Warts many haired, the hair black and white, spinulose, the long ones smooth distally.' Wart I with 4 hairs, II single, III with many hairs, IV absent, V sin- gle; no subprimaries. Skin spinulose, especially dorsally. Stage //.—Head, 0.9 mm. wide, all pale whitislj. Body whitish, food dark, against which a whitish subdorsal line is defined. Five dark- red subdorsal spots as before. Warts pale, large, and rounded, espe- cially the subdorsal on joint 2, wliich is large and orgyia-like. All many haired; VI present. Hairs black and white. The red spots fade during the stage. Stage /I/.— Head yellow, a black band over the eyes and another across at apex of clypeus ; sutures of clypeus also black ; width, 1.5 mm. Body whitish, broadly gray dorsally, with a central stripe, narrow subdorsal and broader lateral bands, all faint. Hair from distinct warts, short from I and II, long from the lower part of III and sub- ventrally; wart IV nearly obsolete. Stage /F.— Head black, a yellow band across the clypeus, trisected by the black sutures ; width, 1.9 mm. Body all pale whitish, with long white hairs from the warts. Rests in a house of two leaves webbed together. Stage F.— No change. Width of head, 2..> mm. Stage F/.— No change. Width of head, 3.5 mm. Stage F//,— ISo change. Head shining black, rather densely fine hairy; three large yellow spots, one occupying the central part of the clypeus, the others on each side of clypens, triangular, somewhat above the level of the eyes; width, l.,"> mm. Body whitish, immaculate, cov- NO. 1140. NORTU AHE BICAS NO OTV I DAE-SMITH AND DTAB. 27 «red with tnft,, of long, fine, ailkywlute hair from di^tinc^b w'.rl^- no T^tl T Vr '""' "'*•* """■^ «'" '■™" *>■« igir;art ^ w-'te. Wa'rts paieC! haLhite "' "'"' ""''' •""•" »»' tVo»« -Thin, rather loose, with some rtoss silk on theioside Son,, between leaves. ^ ^ucinHiue. opun Pnpa.-Kohnst, smooth, and shiniiiff, dark brown all tl.A .m«. • , segments gently tapering, theconsolidL, aLlp^^^^^^^^ :i;rS;sutes^o";n.:rT''^ ^^^/'^"^ «'"^"^^' «-^^ sCenedT the incisures. Cre.naster large, a loiig thick cylinder slightly bulbous . the end, corrugated and wrinkled, bearing at the tip a^urved^^^^^^^^^ of nmnerous hooks, stout, the central ones longest and larger ,tt^e end than base, the apices completely recurved and overlapprj Food plant8.-Oak, birch, elm. "v«napping. CHARADRA DISPULSA Morrison. (Plates IX, %. 11, foxnale adult; XIV, tig. 2, head and thorax; XV figs 3 4 anf«n nae. aaale; XVI, tig. 5. venation; XIX, tig. 7, male ger;taHao' Charadra dispuUa MoRnisoN, Proc. Best. Hoc. N. H 1874 XVII n ^ii h Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1875, III, p. 4. ' ' ' ^^ ^I^-Harvey, Ground color white, with very fine black or brown powdering. nft«. with yellowish tinge over all. Antennae of ma^ brownTsh '(^nH :'n t^ow bf ';^^ '^^^ '^^^^ ^^^ ^''- ^^tagiae^tckXpTd'and w th .1 nan ow black transverse band; disk of thorax also with black and y How scales intermixed. Primaries with the ordinary Hues slender black, and not too well deHned. Basal line feebl/drveToped and ■scarcely raceable. Transverse anterior line slender, blacrverv little outcuived, and narrowing quite regularly from costk to 'nner m^^^^^^^ Transverse posterior line slemler, very abruptly bent ove he cell fnd "etnrotcirZ'''^^", '''^ '"^'^^" 'bade whe^best^'rk d inJo V ^ ' ^"^^' ''""^ ""^'^ ^^^^ent costallv. sometimes it darkens the space between the ordinary snots a- d JT^T I Iscarcely traceable below the submedian f fd, wh re'we sff^ gjsfono a very slender dark streak uniting the medial lines sT rminal line vague inwardly and scarcely defined by a a^^^^^^^^^^ >sl ade; very irregular, but not dentate. There is a slenZ hV. , .^ -nalline which is sometimes broken. Orbiru;:r ro^^ ol tJTn defined with H ,^^^'"^«^"^ "^^'o^' ^Vv\ght, yellowish, incompletely h Sr ^: /^ r// AMERI CAN NOCTVWAB^SMtTn AND DiAB. 86 line \Mt|| iletinetl uimI «v«n.. .;, nHrk..r, th« l.l,u,U pow.l..rinKH «ve„ly diHt;n;u;«,i;v;u,H min.awhttV -inok^tiv: UiK an ..««(., ..ppearauce; trau.ver-^ posterior line continuous. wTth- out hlotcby marking More whitlMb the bhu,k p.,wd.,ri„K, ^r.i^y'u:^^^:^^:,;^--^^;^^ .. Klvo a HtriKutouppcuranco; tranHver«e poHte.ior line broken, with blotchy black nmrkinRB ■. "nu 7. Chalky white, black pow.l.rinKH very «"«; V,r;iiV.;;y',V;;t«"w;VlVuarke;i; tnu!';! vcrH.. „„,„r.or I.no nuuk.-.l on ooHta, internal nmrKin. and in ..nbm..diaa u.te.Hpaco; tranHVerHo posterior line interrupted au.l blotchy; da«J Tgi !'"'.''.'."""' ""'^ "'"'""" tran.ver«e poHtcrior line opposite atal White, with a •^int'-'-nyVii.Ke; markings ■as'bel>>re;"but'"le«.'^ powd.nn«8 nuich leMN evident i «"miiieNi,, (JrayiHh whiic. more evenly black P«w.lcr^d;"o;b;a.larabaen;;d»««;;nS'nrt ' d.Htu.ct and doe« not ..«»« trannverne poHteri<.r Uno opposite anal 8 TrauHverHo anterior line Vn"con,pIeVc; 'inVt' UHuully'p'reHenVin part ^"'^" o* I raiiMverMo a ntcrior line c(.mpbte, K.-niinate j^' !.. Whit.., with a crean.y tin«o, prin.aries rather 8paVHeiy\Vowde;;d;';;rbi'cuYaV din! ^""" '"'Lunl""'""' """' "''" "" ''"'"'*' --ky/anKulatedniedian IbS'^e .0. 1-rinn.rie. cbuk ■bh;isi;"«;.;:.;..;;«,;r;e an;e;[o; oT2''X-"'." . '"* ""'"*" ^^■"•"'^-•-•"^-1- .i.e small::; iota. Group LOBELIAE. 1. No black basal dash, line or streak and no black dagger nmrks of any kind 2 A black basa dash, streak, or line present in all casef; one or n.ore C ,Vark; usually present *** '"bikb 2. (ironnd color creamy white; costoVmarks a,;d'iran8;er8;po8te;ior li',;ebbu'k.^' Gro„n,l color luteaus, the maculatiou but little .larker and none of it bllck.'""'' :i. The onlinary spots are more or less obviously tied or connected by a blatk "ite The ordinary spots not connected by a black iiuoV.r dash.' " ' ^' Scaly vestiture of primaries smooth, ot8 obscured 10 touches or crosses the trr the cell of primaries ries creamy white with yell smoky; sizelarsre. „ i Dorsum of thorax concolorons. ° """"'"• Sixe modemte primaries ashen gray, no median shade line; all the dashes distinct and fbo m.irVin.r- w^n .\^f.^„.A ' "a«"es Size small, primaries with a more or less'obv'ious'm'edian "shade" line."'""""'" "5 •11 b.4 -P 36 rBOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vouxxi. Ashen gray, with a slight reddish tinge; opaqno; the dash opposite anal angle usnally crossing the transverse posterior lino pnupei-cula. Glistening or shining white, with mossy olivaceons or bluish shadings; anal dagger usnally not crossing the transverse posterior line. vinnttla. Smoky or blackish, the maculation white; median lines very strongly dentate fragiliH.i 6. Primaries creamy white, a little shining, powdered with fine brown atoms; secondaries smoky yellow laetifim. Primaries ash or bluish gray. Dorsum of thorax concolorous; transverse markings normal 7. Dorsum of thorax discolorons, yellow ; maculation strigate 8. 7. Secondaries smoky yellowish in both sexes. Largest of the series; expands 1.75 to 2 inches; all the black marks and dashes promintjnt and con! -".sting, the basal dash usually crossing the transverse anterior line loheliac. Expands not to exceed 1.75 inches. Deep ash-gray, with a smoky tinge; secondaries smoky yellow in both sexes fnrcifera. I'aler ash-gray, a little mottled in appearance; secondaries white, with a faint smoky shading hasta. Uluish ash-gray; maculation tending to become strigate; secondaries pun! white , man iioba. 8. Primaries gray, with a faint ocherous suffusion; all the ordinary spots and lines traceable ; secondaries with a faint smoky tinge fhoracica. Primaries blue-gray, without suffusions; the ordinary spots and lines scarcely or not at all traceable; secondaries pure white slrigiilata, 9. Primaries dark ash-gray, with a smoky suffusion; secondaries with a yellowish tinge, which is best marked in the male lUhospUa. 10. Internal margin of primaries darkened by a black shading from base below the dash to the transverse posterior line 14. Primaries uniformly gray ; not darker along inner margin 11. 11. The dagger opposite anal angle crosses the transverse posterior line 12. The dagger opposite anal angle does not cross the transverse posterior line.. 13. 12. Very dark, even, blue-gray, the maculation obscure, except for the dashes and transverse posterior line; transverse anterior line scarcely trace- able tritona. Ash-gray, powdery, all the markings evident. Darker and larger; space beyond transverse posterior line smoky, dagger mark opposite anal angle very heavy ; secondaries soiled whitish iu'both sexes rerellata. Smaller and paler, a little marbled in appearance; dagger nnirk opposite anal angle more slender; secondaries white, only a little soiled in both sexes i/risea." Very even, ash-gray, without contrasts and with all the markings slender and neatly written; secondaries white in the male, smoky in the fenuile radcUffdyt 13. A (luadrate black patch on primaries between the ordinary spots qnadrala. No marking between the ordinary spots. An orange shading at base below the black dash; secondaries white in the male, soiled with gray in female f alexia. No orange shadings at base; secondaries white in both sexes, a little soiled ontwardl v in female pavulhla. 14. Bluish gray; the dark shading along inner margin is diffuse, not dcUued, and does not extend upward on the transverse anterior line manBueta. VOU XXI. NO. 1140. Nonrn American noctvidae-smith and d 15, _^_____ ^^«- 37 Hluish white, the dark shading along inner margin is" black. sh^rplj^d^fineT line '^'':^^^'"^ «" - t» ^-» a tooth on the transverse a.^t.S A dnrkiongitmiii^d^haiiV ;;;;;;;« th;;ughthenuddie'of^;;;i„;a;^^^ I'n.naneH without su.h a dusky central shade Pimianes 16. '"■ """"";:;S:,'"'' ^ ■'*"' ""'"^•^^^ ^-^^^ i"teo;,s';u-;h;-;en;-;;ot n.;.tth;d';; Larger, ashen gray, a tra^s;^e;s;a. w;Ha;"h;ng;t,;dinard;u¥si»;de':i:?n^^ I.nn.anes a marbled or mottled appearance ^ 1 1^ Very dark, powdery ash-gray; none of t\^lashes"we7l■m;;ked^■ alV hflZ SmI :.':l"!'.^^"^^' secondaries smoky yellowrlS;': "Z Palor ash-gray; at least the basaVda'sh'weU marked'" " ^rumom. The da.shes neatly defined ; that opposite anal angle not diffuse, spininera The dashes d.ttnse; that opposite anal angle thick and not sharpliMlZlt pr„nt. Group PERSUASA. maimoiata. Group HAMAMELIS. Dagger mark opposite anal angle usually distinct, alwavs traceable .Secondaries of male white; ground color of prin.aries oven dark blue .rav Secondaries smoky in both sexes. alharufa. Yellowish gray the reniform yellow shaded ; basal dash distinct, black con ect.ngw, h an inward angulation of the transverse anterior line thich iTer . . """"'' ""'"■"^ ^'"^ '' "«* '^^-k marked; si.e uiuibrmiiy ash-;;r;tj;; th;"g;;.;;n;;e'i:rai;;;e;;e'an;e;h;;i;n;"o;;;^;"oSue" aml^the dagger mark opposite ana. angle tcn.ling to dilaTplar SiT; No dagger mark opposite "^nai 'anglerai'mo^t adim^i Vll^dlng ''"""'"• presence that suggests its Kxpauds more than 1.25 inches; groundcolor varies from ashen gray to blackish srr^y;th.. markings either distinct .ud contrasting^ bai;!;;":;';; Smaller an maculation clear; I ' ', ' ,*, both wings with a yellowish suft'usion, most marked in secondaries. I '^" ' luMcoma. ■ ^''^le is 1 3. Even, pale, powdery gray, without a black basal dash or streak, and with no I powdery i contrasting niaculation sperata. H wjnj)' foril Marbled black and white; the maculation contrasting noctivaga. H my, , •, Primary gray, more or less mottled; basal black streak present. I f i Dark bluish gray, the maculation not prominent; secondaries soiled white I |^^*^"^6ncy in the male, smoky gray in female. .* emacidata. H illg to the Paler gray, with a slight yellowish tinge on both wings, the markings well H Separat relieved and the primaries, therefore, with a mottled appearance. H tillct and Somewhat broader winged and the primaries less pointed at tip; trans- H 'ihlefirm verse anterior line in female always well marki^d imprenta. '^M ! Narrower winged and the jirimaries more pointed at tip; transverse H ^" ''''*^ '"^^ anterior line in female obscured by a dusky shading which extends H blackish, from base to the anal angle dislans. H OF may ha 4. The primaries .so strigate as to appear blackish and the transverse maculation H and the V obscured 5_ ^M ,. The primaries ash-gray, not prominently strigate; transverse niaculation dis- H . ^V^ ^ tinet; an obvious dagger mark opposite the anal angle 6. H Series; hei Tlu! ])rimaries almost Avhite, with black powderings, in form lanceolate and H J^l*6 bal{ without a dagger mark oppo.site the anal angle 7. H iug aS thei 5. All the niaculation obscured, and only the reniform sometimes traceable. ?K/cne8ii. H Ijj ^jig j Transverse posterior line fairly evident and lunulate; secondaries of female H „,, , ^,- fi'i'^'^y perdita. jH _ . . Transverse posterior line evident and very strongly dentate; secondaries white H ^"^''"^'v verj in both sexes edolatu. ^M '^^^S detillil 6. A distinct black basal streak; transverse anterior lino obscure or wanting; ^B The trailSV transverse posterior line strongly denticulate cxtricata. ^M marked iu No black liasal streak; transverse anterior line usually evident; transverse po^- ^B i,, , ^ ,4. • terior line not strongly denticulate jrjiUniformix.^M / 7. Grayish white, powdery; transverse posterior line lunulate; a series of black H *^ sexes terminal dots ohliiiito.-^m ^01" the exfe Bluish white, less powdery in appearance; transverse posterior line an oven, H HaHtuUft continuous brown shading; no black terminal dots Umctolar'ut.^m with a veil wise decide Group AMERICANA. H same yelloi The species united in this group find their most important common H '"'^^ smoky feature in the sexual characters of the male. In all cases the harpesH "''I'ked an or sidepieces are broad, rounded at the tip, and the ciasper consists ot'H '^'' ^''® ^^^^^ a single long hook, which arises directly out of the membranous side-H '""^'^ C'VOf>,s,\ piece much nearer to the base than to the middle. There is hardly anvH ^^''■W»'i i i • ■ -ft 40 PltOCIiEniNGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. 11 Almost as larjfe a.s amerieana, but is of a bluish ash gray, very densely powdered with blacic scales. The secondaries in the male are white with a faint, smoky gray tinge, and in the female they are gray pow' dered. As a whole, the female is darker and larger than the male but the diHerence is not nearly so striking as in hastnlifera. The PHI mark, opposite the anal angle of primaries, is barely indicated by a diffuse shading which does not cross the transverse posterior line Dactylina is of a bright bluish gray, powdered with black atoms, but not so densely as in the preceding, than which it seems, therefore, decidedly paler. The secondaries are white in the male and grayish powdery in the female. The psi mark, opposite the anal angle of the primaries, is distinct and crosses the transverse posterior line. Of the species in this series it may be said, in recai.itulatiou, that amrrteana is distinguished by its large size and very dusky seconda nes. Hesperula is almost as large, but is blue gray, the secondaries are nearly white in the male, and there is no psi mark crossing the trans- verse posterior line opposite the anal angle of primaries. HmtuUfera and dactylinn both have the psi mark, but the former has a distinct yellowish shade in bouh sexes, and smoky secondaries m the female while the latter is bluish gray and powdery, and the secondanes of the female are gray. As between the males of these latter species there can rarely be doubt. Asbetweeu the females some forms of dactyUna can be separated from ha.stuli/cra only by the secondaries. In the series in which there is a black basal dash, streak, or line thiee subdivisions are recognizable: First, where the basal streak is linear, terminating acutely and extending to the point which would be occupied by the transverse anterior line were it present; second, where the basal streak is very short and does not reach the point where the transverse anterior line is or might be marked-in this case it is quite usual to have the transverse anterior line marked in the submedian interspace by an angular mark; third, where the basal dash or streak reaches to and joins the transverse anterior line or the angular mark which m variably indicates it. This basis for subdivision seems at first sight to be rather slight, but a large series of specimens of each species proves that it holds good. There are cases, of course, where a speci- men may at first seem doubtful, but such are usually due to an imper- fection 111 the example or to an aberration which is rarely the same on both wings. In the first subdivision, where the streak is slender and the trans- verse anterior line is wanting, there is a tendency to a strigate type of maculation. In felina, which is a very dark blue-gray, all the trans- verse maculation is lost, save that the transverse posterior line may bo present as a paler shade. The other lines are rarely even indicated on the costa and the ordinary spots are practically wanting. There is no dagger mark oi)posite the cell. Frioida is a .-lose ally of and ha« ]>ccn mistaken fov J ciina It is soi-.ewhat broader winged, however, has the transverse posterior line VOL. XXI. N>n k,,. ., ., . ^i^M -^ H-.fll^H ^ ^^^^^H y*' t M^^H J H^H 5 AwJ^^^^I III ^1 I'-'di^ i^^H^^I r^^ :" IK^^I - I^^^H 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX r, Transversdta is much like the precediujr, but there is an evident median shade line crossinj; the wing through the outer part of the median space and reaching the inner margin at about its middle. It is) the only species so marked in the group and hence easily recognizable. Tola is the smallest of this group and unique in its uniform dark blue-gray primaries, and the very distinct, even, geminate transverse anterior line. IJoth parts of the transverse anterior line are equallyl well marked and they are well separated. There are no dagger marks) and the ordinary spots are well outlined. The only European member of this group, other than lcporina,'k\\o\ix\ to me is aceriH and its variety candeliscqita. The sexual structure is iiil full accord with that of the American species, and in superficial appearl ance it is nearest to some of our large specimens of rnbruioma, stau(l| iug somewhat intermediate between that species and amcricana. ACRONYCTA RUBRICOMA Guenee. (Plates I, fig. 4, adult; VI, figs. 14, 1.5, larva; XV, fig. 10, head; XVII, fig. 9, leg;j XVIir, fig. 12, tarsal claw; XIX, fig. 10, iiiale genitalia.) Acronycta riibricoma Gueni;;k, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. 49. Act-onycla acericola Walkeh, Cat. Brit. Miis., Het., 1856, IX, p. 57. The ground color is somewhat luteous gray ; the yellow tinging some] times faintly visible, sometimes very prominent. The head and thorinl are powdery, the collar a little darker at the tip, and the edges of tliel patagiae somewhat dusky tipped, though this is a variable character] The primaries are well powdered with black atoms, which give them roughened appearance. Sometimes the powdering is quite evenly disi tributed. Occasionally it is more distinctly massed at the base audi a little beyond the transverse posterior line, and quite frecpiently therel is a more or less complete median shade which crosses obliquely froral the costa over the reniform and is rarely traceable below that point,! The median lines are geminate, and in well marked si)ecimens thej) are all distinct. The basal line is also geminate, sometimes marked oif tlie costa only, sometimes distinct to a narrow, blackish, lougitudiiiaj line which extends from the base to the transverse anterior line. T transverse anterior line is blackish, as a who'e outwardly oblitiue, ai irregularly dentate and lunulate. The transverse posterior line \\ very strongly lunulated, so that it is outwardly dentate on the veins The outer part of the line is usually more distinct than the inner, aii( the included shade is paler than the ground color; sometimes almosj white. There is no di.stinct subterminal line; but sometimes this i( indicated by a slight difference in shade in what may be called tlij terminal space. There is a series of blackish terminal dots beyond whicU the fringes are cut with brown. The orbicular is round, of moderatl size, ringed with blackish, sometimes with a discal dot and occasioil ally entirely suffused. The reniform is large, kidney shaped, ratlioj well defined in most specimens, but often obscured by a dusky shadef NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AND DTAR. 43 iThere is a vagne dnsky shade in the snbmedian interspace froiiTthi Itii.iisverse posterior line outward, which represents the ordinary psi lirii.rk. Occasionally this is fairly distinct and sometimes we have a jiiiore or less obvious streak, which crosses the transverse posterior line iThc secondaries are whitish, with a faint yellowish tinge in the male jd;u ker and a little smoky in the female. There is usually a vague dis- Ical dot and a discal outer line, which are rather a reflection of what is Ifonud on the under side than a distinct marking of the upper surface llicneath the color varies from white to yellowish smoky, in all cases Iwith a more or less obvious discal dot and an outer shade line on both Iwiiigs. Expanse, 1.25 to 1.80 inches (31 to 45 mm.). Jlahitat.-Loug Island, New York, March 6; Washington, District of Columbia, April 28, July 10, Septembers; St. Louis, Missouri, March 3- pxas, Aprd 11 and 21, August 12. Occurs throughout the Middle and jSonthern States and has been found in Canada. This insect varies remarkably in size, and this seems to be, to some 3xtent at least, due to locality, for all my large examples are from Texas, wlnle the smallest are from Long Island. Some of the latter seem to be bred specimens, and it may be that this is in some measure ^esi)onsible for the small size. At first sight it almost seems as if the species could be divided into two by the ground color, because the larger specimens are more generally shaded with yellow; but nothing In the structure or markings will authorize the separation even into kancties. Tiie original description of the species tits best to the well- jiiarked specimens from the southern range of the species. The head Is usually distinct: the front is prominent and a little conical. The L'lasper of the male genitalia is moderate in size, quite stout, and not Wevy strongly curved. The harpes are oblong, with an oblique tip pile anterior legs of the male are usually short and stout, the femur is Nry strongly developed, and the tibia is short and thick, with the epiphysis attached at the middle and extending to the tip. The tarsi are also stout and rather short. The species diflers from all the others In the group by its complete maculation, and in this respect it some- Miat resembles the European aecris, with which it was compared by Its describer. The longitudinal black line at the base is never very luoiuinetit and sometimes scarcely traceable. Indeed, in some of the ))aler specimens it is altogether absent. Eight males and fifteen leniales have been compared for this description from divers col- lections. LARVA. FitKNcn Sixth Rcpt. 111. State Normal Univ, 1880, p. 45.-Martkn, Tenth Kept. 111. btate Entomologist, 1881, p. 132. ^ Sf(u,e /F.— Width of head, 2 to 2.2 mm.; shining dark brown over je lobes, clypeus and mouth pale whitish. Body greenish white, with graces of a powdery blackish dorsal shade most distinct on joints 5 to and 12. Hairs whitish, not very abundant, the primary form small, ! \l 44 PRoanjnixr.s op the national mvskum. VOL. XXI. Il::i coiicolorous warts, secondary not numerous, similar to the primary. Doisally on joints r>, 0, 7, 8, 9, and 12 a thin pencil of black hairs, maye VJ.— Head sbiniug black, the clypens brownish, its suture pale; width, 4.5 mm. liody greenish white, with a dorsal blackish | band, pulverulent, obscurely geminate, often entirely ab.sent, except for | a double black mark on the cervical shield and a black spot on joints 5 to 13, or 5 to 9 and 12. Thoracic feet pale brown, leg plates pale. Warts very small, the hair mostly secondary, short dorsally, and spread ing each way from the center of the segment; quite long laterally. Dorsal pencils tapering, moderately long, broadest at base and arising from a single large area representing tubercles I. The pencils may be] present on joints 5, 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, with a trace of one on 11 or else only on joints 6 to 9 and 12. All the hairs, both pencils and gen- eral clothing, white or pale yellow^ the pencils becoming black witli yellow tips, apparently at maturity, as in the case of all the hairs of| leporina. Length, 40 mm. PwjM.— Abdominal segments finely punctured for more than the I anterior half, regularly tapering; wing cases grooved and wrinkled. Cremaster very short, consisting only of an ellipti<;al wrinkled area from which the hooks arise, a bunch of four or live in the upper row, the central one strongest, and a line of four or five on each side below, the most anterior one strongest, none much recurved. Color rather | light red brown, shining. Length, 16 mm. Food plant. — Ilackberry. Ispccmiens; t pome specime kviiig. Eenea ACRONYCTA AMERICANA Harris. (Plates I, fig. 2, iiilnlt; VI, fig. 17, lurva; XIV, fig. 11, ovipositor female, 3; 6, thorax] from aide; XVII, fig. 10, leg; XVIII, tig. 4, palpus; XIX, fig. 11, male genitalia.) Acroiii/cta amerkvna IIaruis, Kept. Iiis. Mass., 1841, p. 317; Ins. In.j. Vegetation, 2d od., 1852, p. 317; Ins. Iiij. Vegetation, Flint ed., 1862, p. 436, figs. 216-218; I p]nt. Corr., 1869, p. 311, fig. 111.— Lintner, Twenty-sixth Kept. N. Y. State Cab. N. IT., 1872, pp. 135-157. Apatela americanaiJiRoiE, Bull. Bufl'. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1874, II, p. 154.— Coquiij.ett, Papilio, 1881,I,p.6.— Packaud, Ins. Inj. Forest Trees, 1881, p. 111.— GuoteJ Papilio, 1883, III, p. 111.— Packard, Forest Insects, 1890, p. 397. Menacrouijcta americana Grote, Mittb., a. d. Koeni. Mus., llildesb.. No 3 1896 p. 10. Phalavna acms Smith and Abrot, Ins. Ga., 1797, II, p. 184, pi. xciii.— Guenke, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. iH = acericola. Acronycia acericola Gueni^k, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. 48.— Walker, Cat, Brit. Mus., Het., 18.56, IX, p. 57. Acronycia hasUiUfera, larva, Guenke, Spec. Gen., Noct., 18.52, I, p. 47. Apatela ohacura Henry Edwards, Ent. Amer., 1886, II, p. 169, pr. var. The ground color is a somewhat pale, powdery ashen gray, with al more or less obvious yellowish tinge, which is often entirely absent. Head and thorax are slightly black powdered, but even in colorj throughout. The ]>rimaries have the ordinary marks fairly well trace . able, but not contrasting and hardly distinct. The basal line is markedj [I.— GUENKE, I I NO I MP. NORTH AMICIUCAy NOCTV IDAE-SMITH AND DTAR. 45 Ion the eosta only. The transverse anterior linTls^gemlmite^^^^uHii^ iii...m. lete, sometimes hardly traceable. As a whole it is outwardly OhlKju , strongly dentated, and ontcnrved between the veins The transverse posterior line is more distinct, lunulated outwardly, denticn luted on the veins. The inner line is less marked than the outer and the. .ntervening spsice is usually paler, sometin.es quite prominentl'v so rhcrc IS no subterminal line and no distinct trace of any such in 'any Ispccnnen before me. In some .specimens there is a fairly distinct shade line runnnig obliquely from the costa to and darkening the middle of the renitorm, but this does not extend below, that point in any speci- n.on that 1 have seen. The ordinary spots are fairly distinct in most spcnmens; the orbicular is round or oval, ringed with blackish, and Iwitiiout a central spot in the specimens before me. The reniform is |huf,'e, kidney shaped, usually somewhat incomplete, and occasionally ,nu.|y defined. It has always a central, dusky lunule, and is some- It.mos entirely dark. There is a distinct black dash in the subraedian i.tcrspace crossing the transverse posterior line, and there is another iinich less obvious, which crosses the line opposite the <;ell. In some •ases a dusky shading accompanies the first mentioned of these spots I here IS a series of dark terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are ut with smoky. The secondaries are yellowish gray or white in the iiiilc, more or less smoky and sometimes quite dark in the female In M.ine specimens the outer line of the underside is visible through the «ing. Leneath, whitish or smoky, both wings with a discal spot and more or less obvious outer line. Expanse, from 2 to 2| inches (50 to 62 mm.). llalntat -Vrom Canada to Texas, west to Salt Lake City. It is aken in New York from May to July almost continuously, and again InSeptember; Washington, District of Columbia, May 10; New Hamn- nie July 12; Mount Airy, Pennsylvania, May 1 and 18; Texas, in vpj 11; Canada, June and July. This is the largest species of the group, and can hardly be mistaken m any other. While on close examination it has almost identically fbe markings of the preceding, yet they are much less evident and n..ie broken Ihe dagger marks crossing the transverse posterior ne are usually quite evident, though that opposite the cell is not infre- nently wanting. Besides being larger, the wings of this species are l.so more evenly trigonate than are those of the precedin-. There is lome variation in ground color, but not much in other directions. Mr ul wards has described an unusually dark form from Salt Lake City as .sr.,-.; but similar forms occur inthe East, and the difference, such m2 ti,^'; f Tu^^ ^^ * ''P^'^*^ "^'"«- S'inth and Abbot con- ted n^, ' />'' .^ T.^ '^' *^' ^"""P^^" '''''^'^ ^^^t' ^« Guenee >o I ted out, the similarity is not very strongly marked. J lie clasper of the male is of mndfiraf« i«no.fh ^^h "i■^,^^ — 1- 1 iiimwj rvi 1 ••■•&t'x tihu oIOUl, quiiu evenly H itl nn . r' ^'^ ^^""^^^''^"y broad at the center and taper to a 'uaded point. The anterior leg of the male is very strongly devel- •■r ■ 1 *m- 46 I'UOCKKDINCS OF THE NATIONAL MV8KVM. VOL. XXI. #^!! oped, the femur being actually and proportionately tlio largest found in the genus. It is excavated inferioriy iionr tlie tip to receive tlie short, stout tibia. The epii)hy8is is attached at a little below the middle and I extends to the. tip. Eighteen males and twenty three females were| compared. , LARVA. Smith and AiiliOT, Lop. Ins. On., 1707, H, pi. xcin (oo;,.-ElbpticaI, rather narrow, tough, and firm; composeil of silk 30 ,„m'"' ''' '"termixed; no wood, chips, or earth. Length, nu'Z'~^^TT} ''•'" ^'^''""*' ^^^ ^b^lo™"''-^! segments punctured on 1 e anterior half; (ju.te regularly tapering. Cremaster a low, wide ele- vation, with a cluster of four hooks on either side above and a shigle no e one below and farther in front. Color, dark blackish brow'^ hligiitly shining. Length, 18 mm. ' I'^ood plants.— AXdiiv. ACRONYCTA HESPERIDA, new species. (Plates X, Hg. 9, female adult; XIX, fig. 15, male genitalia.) ,..wderh;lr''T,^'"'!l- ''' ^'•'^; ^'''' ''''' ^"^ ^^^^^k '^°^^ «0''^««^' ^'"Oky t w f; 1 ^''^"^f "'^7 '"'-^rkings are distinct in the male, but some ut washed and mdeh.nte ,n the female. The basal line is marked on tlio costa only, and then but feeblv. The t,ran«,.n... o....,-._ fi ^" oatwar^ly^ob^ique,^gjm^ina^outcu between the veinsrand readies }- 60 rROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. If VOL. XXI. the inner margin at about its middle. In the male^h7 wTlines^ equally distinct, and are smoky, the intervening spaces of the ground color. In the female the line is broken, and sometimes disappears almost entirely, the outer portion being often repiesented by a dot in the middle of the wing, and a dusky blotch on the costa and inner mar- gin. The transverse posterior line is black or blackish, lunnlate, well removed outwardly, strongly incurved below the cell, and thus bisinu- ate. The black lunules are preceded by a whitish shade and also oppo- site the cell and in the submedian interspace, by a smoky mark The line is followed by a dusky shade, which merges insensibly into the ground color. Subtermiual line wanting. There is a series of black or smoky terminal spots in the interspaces, which may or may not cross the fringes. In the female all this marking is obscured; but on the other hand there is a vague, smoky, almost upright median shade which darkens the reniform and forms a smoky blotch on the inuc' margin. The ordinary spots are distinctly outlined in black in the male, but vague and partly obscured in the female. The orbicular is round and usually small, sometimes minute; the reniform is lar«o kidney shaped, and has a smoky central mark which, in the female' obscures the entire spot. There is no basal streak, and only a poor indication m some specimens of a dagger mark opposite the anal angle, an outward tooth of the transverse posterior line, which is here usually best marked, giving the appearance of a small dash The secondaries are whitish, a little soiled in the male, strongly gray pow dered m the female, in which there is a more or less obvious, diffuse outer smoky band. The veins are smoky, and there is a traceable discal lunule. On the under side the wings are whitish in the male smoky m the female; in both sexes with a discal lunule and in the female also with a diffuse outer shade line. The head and thorax are without marks of any kind, save there is a blackish mark between the eyes and the base of the wings in some specimens. The sides of the palpi are also black. Expanse, 2 to 2.25 inches (50 to 56 mm.). ^afejtof.-*' California;" Seattle, Washington; Tacoma, Washington August 7; Nanaimo, Vancouver. ' Two males and six females are before me, nearly all of them in fair condition. The Californian specimens are probably from the Sierri Nevada Mountains, but I have no definite data concerning them Types are in the IT. S. National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and in the collections of Messrs. Graef, Dyar and Doll This species is intermediate in most respects between hastuUfera on the one hand and dactylina on the other. It has most the appear- ance of dactylina and has been mistaken for that species. It u probably not at all rare, and replaces dactylina in the Northwest. Where a series of specimens can be (compared there is no difficulty at all in recognizing the distinctness of this 8])eGies. rt is larger in the lirt wo lines are "" '"": ^I^'^^ AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AND DTAR. 51 place; it is also much darker bluish gray. lu the inaleIhe8e;^r;;iaHe^ n. son.ewhat soiled instead of nearly white, as in the Eastern species il.e markings m the female are much more obscure, and the daoJr ..Kuk opposite the anal a„gle is entirely absent, although its posUion .s u.d.cated by the angle in the line which has been referred to i he (loscnption. The sexual characters of the male do not differ from the oidiiiary form in this series. i^uia me ACRONYCTA DACTYLINA Grote. (Plates I, flg. 3, adult; VII, fig.. 18, 19, larva; XVII, fig. n, log; XIX, li... 13 ,naie geuitalia; XVI, fig. 8, venation.) .• H male, i-syche, 1875, I, p. 42.— GuoTK, Papilio, 1883, III p m Menacronycta dacUjlina Guotk, Mitth. a. .1. Koem.Mus., Hildesb. No. 3, 1896. p. 10. The ground color is bluish gray with rather dense, flue powderings Head and thorax without distinct markings, but i^owdered like the res ot the upper surface. Primaries with the oriinary maculat on broken, basal line rarely marked even on thecosta; transLseant^dor hue vanably evident, geminate near base, evenly oblique outwardly and moderately ou curved between the veins. In many cases I mS below the cell IS all that is present. The transverse posterior line is single, black, lunulate, more or less dentate on the veins, preceded bv a paler and followed by a darker shading. There is a series of ter jnmal .y ts at the base of the fringes, from which a line somet^es c^^s Inough to the outer edge. The median shade is marked only by a more or less indeflnite, dusky, oblique shade on the costa, which extends to and darkens the center of the reniform. The orbiWuar is sm^ ound, or oval dark ringed, and centered with the ground color. The reniform is kidney shaped and more or less dusky centered. The sec ondaries are white in the male, gray, with a slight smoky tinge, in the female Beneath white or gray, more or less powdery, all whig w th i^ixpanse, l.<() to 2 inches (42 to 50 mm.). 7f«&;/a<.-Massachusett8, in June; New York, in June and Julv ninesota Tuly20; New Jersey, June 23; New Hampshire' J lly^! ^Ma-ne; District of Columbia, in May; Canada, in July; Col^o ' J ns species is quite widely distributed north of the Potomac'and west the liocky Mountains, but does not extend very far norThof t^^e dim: T" ;"?'i" f""" *'' specimens before me indica^te. The sp Lies ■rter by Its bl.ush-gray color from all those that have preceded it and he white secondaries are also distinctive. Occasionally a dark emle un>. case the locality comes to our aid to some extent, because the llllsr IKtti'ril (tana i\n<- "^f-i,,,! J ! J? -! ' ""'"- . •"'■"■■' ""■^"SteirU jioillnis far a» i »l«c,™ aud m „a,,„UMa i, eveuly couvex, but not at all bargiug and .['■ "a ^^^ 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. not in the least conic. The sexual pieces are also atron^ly alilco in both. They are oblong, the tip diagonal, while the clasi)er is of mod erate length and only a litile curved. Twenty males aud sixteen females have been compared. h LARVA. DiMMOCK, Psyche, IV, p. 274.-Packaud, Fifth Kept. IJ. S. Ent. Coram., 1890, p. 498 (8p. 42, birch ins.); Ibid., p. 626 (/(as/«i!i/e,-a).-EDWAi{D8 and Elliot Bull. Am. Mas. Nat. Hist., 1892, IV, p. 77. Stage /.—Colorless, whitish, the food showing green. Hairs from warts, long, silky white, mixed with a few black ones from warts I on joints 3, 5, 7, and 12. Head bilobed, whitish, eyes black, mouth brown ; width, 0.7 mm. Stage J/.— Head shining black with two concave white bands close to the clypeus aud connected above it by a cross-bar; a white mark above ocelli, another behind; clypeus greenish centrally, mouth parts pale; width, 1.2 mm. Hair long, curved, soft, white, with long, distinct, single black pencils from tubercle I on joints 5, 7, and 12. Warts con- colorous, body whitish, a slight irregular black marking subdorsally. Stage III.— R&Ad entirely black; width, 1.8 mm. Body as in tlie mature larva, but only partly black, being spotted and streaked with yellow, especially substiginatally. Primary hairs from distinct pale warts, IV behind the spiracle, V and VI small; hairs long, barbuled. Secondary hairs shorter, most numerous dorsally. Primary hairs all white except the black pencils; secondary hair yellowish, shading to fleshy brown on the ba<;k. Stage J I'.— As before, the body blacker, very black in the incisures. Secondary hair abundant, the biack pencils long. Primary hairs stiff and pale, radiating from the warts. Width of head, 2.4 mm. The appearance of segmentary bands of hair is heightened by the pale color of the center of the segments contrasting with the black incisures. Thoracic feet and venter black. Stage r.— Like the mature larva; width of head, 3.G mm. Lateral hair all fleshy brown except stigmatally and subventrally, where it is yellowish. Body all black except on the folds where the hair is very thick and there it is pale yellow. No continuous yellow substigiuatal band. A narrow, faint, yellowish dorsal line of hairs. Stage FJ.— Head black, the lobes separated by a vertical notch; width, 4.5 mm. to 5 mm., line above labruili white. Body black, densely covered with secondary hairs, except rather broadly in the incisures, forming bands of short hair, obscuring the body except laterally where it is much thinner; slightly keeled along the dorsal line. Hair liglit yellowish on the sides, shading into fleshy brown on the back. Oa joints 5, 7, and 12 a single erect black i)encil, twice as long as the other hair, yet relatively shorter than in the previous stage. A few long white hairs from the extremities. A faint yellowish irregular substig- VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AKD DYAR. 53 Hiatal band, excavated for the spiracles and concolorooswith the lateral hairs; spiracles white. Cocoon.-Sing\o, elliptical, not very thick but tough, composed of coarse silk with larval hair scattered over the outside, spun among leaves, etc. • ° Pupa.— Abdomen taperiug, the segments sparsely punctured on the anterior side; wing cases creased and shagreened. Oremaster short and blunt, coarsely shagreened and wrinkled, the upper hooks in a dense cluster of about eight on each side, the lower ones absent or represented by one or two slight hooks. Food plants.— Alder, willow, birch. ' i i ACRONYCTA FELINA Grote. (Plates XI, fig. 9, female adult; XIX, fig. 22, male genitalia.) Apatela felina Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1880, IV, p. 208. (Jround color a very dark blue gray, densely black powdered. Head and thorax as usual immaculate. Primaries with all the lines absent or only vaguely indicated. The veins are somewhat darker than the rest of the wing, which thus gives a somewhat strigate appearance. Iherc IS a distinct black basal line, which extends well toward the middle of the wing, and in some cases nearly meets another which reaches the outer margin and represents the dash that in better-marked species crosses the transverse posterior line. In some specimens the transverse anterior line is marked on the costa, and occasionally the transverse posterior line is indicated by a pale shade. The ordinary spots are wanting ; but in some instances the reniform is vaguely indicated The tiinges are cut by somewhat indistinct dark lines opposite the inter- spaces; but there are no distinct terminal dots; occasionally a black dash IS traceable opposite the cell, about where the transverse posterior hne should cross. Secondaries white, in the female more or less Wacij powdered. Beneath powdery white, with a more or less obvious aiscal dot and outer shade line. Expanse, l.GO to 1.80 inches (40 to 45 mm.). iiaW^af.— Seattle, Washington; Sierra Nevada, California; Colorado (hruce), Glenwood Springs in October (Barnes). Twelve specimens, evenly divided as to sex, are before me, and otier very httle in the way of variation. The species is quite characteristic and Its very dark gray color with the almost entire absence of the ordi- nary marks will be sufficient to distinguish it. The head is rather smaller than usual, and more retracted. The front is hardly bulging and the tongue is a little weakened. The anterior legs of the male do not differ essentially from those of the immediately preceding species, iheharpesof the male are more elongate than usual, quite even in width, and nhf.nsflv ronndo'l •>*• +>'o *••" rni._ _i, . ., "• ••'!!■!••! !>v „.rimal£ smoKy. 0,1 the primaries is a discal spot from which a spur is sent out, reproducing in a diffuse way the dagger mark of the tfpper sWe The econdaries-have a distinct outer transverse line, and a discal sli which, m one specimen, sends a dusky lineto the base. The hetd m thorax are without markings save that there is a distinct line from the eyes to the base of the wings, and the sides of the palpi are blackish Expanse, 1.70 inches (43 mm.). oieicKisu. i^«/n^a^.— Sierra Nevada; Truckee, California Four specimens, one male and three females, are before me. Two are f om the collection of the United States National Museum, one fro. the Eutgers College collection, and one from the collectioi o P George . French. The male is labeled July, Alameda County Cal nIvV 1 Tl'e specimen from the college collection is labeh^d Sierra l^evada, while the specimen from Professor French is marke.l fVm Truckee, and is dated May 6. This specimen was bred rpTofeZ French and was mistaken by him for ^na, which indeed tool resembles at first sight. The specimen appears to have bel no u te 1 when fresh, and hough not crippled looks somewhat undevelop d a compared with the others before me. The male is slightly smalle than the females and seems to be also a iittle paler iu cotor, whUe the NO. 1140. mBTB AMERtCAn mcWtDAtl-aMlTH AND DTAR. 65 markings are a little more distinct. As compared with felina tbe^sd^s |.ie shorter and proportionately broader. The markings are much Letter dehned than in any specimens ofyi^fma that I have seen and witli a series of the insects at hand there is no difficulty whatever in recogni/.ng their distinctness. The sexual structures are very similar in the two species, the harpes in frigida being proportionately a little broader while the clasper seems to be rather longer and more slender; but the ditterences are slight and would hardly be considered of specific importance were it not for the other characters. This is also the species referred to by Mr. Henry Edwards as the 1 acihc coast torm, which he believed to be the true lepmcuUna Guenee. LARVA, o f'f"' f*:;"^,''," r^'^''^'' "pp^^" p^^"* ^"*^ ^'^^^ of joints 2, 4, 5, ?, s. i\ IJ, and 3 reddish purple; brown hairs in clusters from the tubercles ' he ,.ir „« fi,„ ,-..„_^ . • - — , _^„i.is,,n .,j .„ 1-,,,, Ki.^u iiiaitv On tlic luncr iiiargiu. Sometimes the costal spot only is present. A distinct black spot near NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUILAE-SMITH AND DTAR. 57 the middle of tlie eosta indicates the median shade.^Th^ t^sA^^ posterior line is single. When well marked it is limulate, but it tends to become disconnected, and occasionally it is marked only by a differ- t'lice in shading, the terminal portion of the wing being somewhat darker it is better marked, as a rule, opposite the cell, and there may be one or two rather distinct black marks indicating the position of a dagger. Tlic lunnle in the submedian interspace is always evident, crossed by ii diiik mark, and usually more or less shaded with blackish. There is a series of black terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black. The orbicular is wanting in most specimens, but is some- times faintly outlined. The reniform is indefinite and forms a vague black lunule. The secondaries are white, a little soiled in the female and in both sexes with a series of blackish terminal lunules. Beneath it is white, with a more or less obvious discal spot, and, in the female with outer shade lines on both wings. ' Expanse, 1.50 to 2 inches (38 to 50 mm.). //,,/,/<«<.— Ithaca, I^ew York, June 5j Chicago and Urbana, Illinois- \ olga, South Dakota. ' This species has never before been satisfactorily identified. Mr. (irote has several times named specimens irm^a; but in almost every instance they have been male hastulifera or specimens of daehjUna. Ihe species is very easily distinguished from either by the fact that the basal streak is present, and it is therefore really much nearer to popuU and h'pusmUna. The species is a very simply marked one, and Walker's description is quite characteristic and aiiplies perfectly Mr (irote has mentioned the fact that he has examined the type and that It seemed a good species, and this is borne out by the identification ,)ust made. I have two other specimens which may belong to this species, but differ very decidedly in ground color by being very much darker and having the secondaries more powdery. The maculatiou is the same, however, and as both my specimens are females, I do not feel jnstilied in giving the form a name. One of the specimens is from "Murray Bay, Province of Quebec, July or August, E. Corning, ir" The other is from Calgary, Canada, June 25. In case further material proves this form a distinct one, I would propose the term eana^ ;i ': It 1 ^1 11 i n 12 H tiA'J 58 PBOCEEDINQS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. ;i 'I I '•#" . ACRONYCTA CRETATA, new species. (riates XI, i\gH. 3, t, iiialo iiiul leiiiiilr, adult; .XVII, tig. 15, leg; XIX, ttg. 18, umlo geuitaliii.) (Jround color chalky wliite, with a sparse powdering of black scales, which are chiefly massed along the costa, the internal margin, and behind the transverse posterior line. The basal line is indicated by u small black dot on the costa. The transverse anterior line is marked by a black spot on the costa, a triangnlar mark in the submedian inter space, and an irregular blotch on the internal margin near its n)iddle. The median shade is marked by a black spot on the costa above the reniform, and it may send a vague shade to that spot. The inception of the transverse posterior line is also marked by a black spot on the costa, the line bending outwardly very strongly and then bisinuate, more or less broken, to the inner margin. The line is emphasized oppo site the cell by two more or less obvious black marks which indicate a dagger, and in the submedian interspace it is very prominent and crossed by a distinct dash, forming a typical jm. The subterminal line is wanting. There is a series of distinct black terminal dots, whidi extend to the middle of the fringe in the interspaces. Tiie ordinary spots are not well marked. The orbicular may be absent; it may be a small black dot or a small circlet. The reniform is blackish or black and irregularly lunate. There is a short black basal streak which does not reach to the transverse anterior line. Secondaries white, the veins a little smoky, and in the female a more or less obvious discal spot. Beneath pure white, both wings with a discal lunule, and in the female with a more or less well-marked outer line; a series of terminal spots on both wings. The head and thorax are without markings, save for the very prominent black line which extends from the sides of the palpi across the eye and to the base of the wings. Expanse, male, 1.45 inches (36 mm.); female, 1.80 to 2 inches (45 to 50 mm.). Habitat.— Giivneld County, Colorado; 7,000 feet. Three specimens collected by Mr. Bruce are types in the collections of U. S. National Museum and Rutgers College. The male is numbered 833, the females 827, 828. Whether the difference in si/e between the sexes is always so strongly marked as in the specimens before me I can not say, but I am inclined to doubt it. The mule specimen here is probably undersized, and the markings are much less definite than they are in the female. This species is easily distinguished from its nearest j ally, leporina, by its chalky white ground color and its more powdery markings. The genital structures are also quite obviously distinct. In cretata the harpes arc much naiTower and the tip is irregularly rounded, while the clasper is much shorter and stouter than in its east ern ally. The structure of the front legs in the male is also different, the femur being much the stoutest in cretata, while the tarsi are rela tively longer. i NO. 1140. NORTH JMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AND DTAR. 59 ACRONYCTA LEPORINA Linnaeus. (I'latoH VIII, Hg. 2(i, hirvii; XI, figH. 1, 2, mule and feiiiahi adults; .WII, ««. U, leg; XIX, ligs. 17, II), iiiiilogKiiitiiliii.) I'lialarna noctua leporina Lin.varu.s Syst. Nat., ITIitJ, I, 2, p. 10}». ' U'vomvta leporina HCbnkk, Vnrzeicbiiiss, 181«, p. 201.lTui:iT8cnKE, Schniett Kur., lH2->, V, 1, p. 51. " liuitela vtilpina Ghotio, Can. Ent., 1883, XV, p. 8; I'apilio, 1883, III, p. 68; Can. Kilt., 1888, XIX, ]). 20.— I'ACKAMi), Fore-st Insects, 1890, p. 461.— (j'rotk Mittli. a. (1. Kofiii. MiiH., lliklosh. No. 3, IHtk), j). 91. ' IpaU'la nancta Hknhy E.)\vaiiI)s, Ento. Anier., 1888, III, p. 185. Ground color creamy white, the black powdering sparse and not prominent. Head and thorax without markings; the primaries with tlie ordinary lines more or less incomplete. The basal line is usually marked by a dot on the costa; but tiiat is not always present. The I tiiiiisverse anterior line is marked by a distinct black cot. al spot and by a small angulated mark below the cell. Occasionally there is a dusky shade on the inner margin. The median shade is marked by a black spot at about the middle of the costa. The transverse posterior line is usually broken, but occasionally it is almost continuous, sinuate, and as a whole follows the outer margin. When the line is broken it con- sists of a series of somewhat lunate spots opposite the cell, and a lunate inaik in the submedian interspace, which is crossed by a more or less obvious black dash, though this may be entirely wanting. There is a series of black terminal spots beyond which the fringes are distinctly cut with black. The orbicular may be wanting, or may be indicated by I a black dot or by a small circlet. The reniform is marked by a more or less distinct but indetiuite black lunule. There is a short black basal streak, which does not reach the angular spot indicating the transverse anterior line. The secondaries white in both sexes, sometimes with quite an obvious series of terminal lunules. Beneath white, with a variably ('videntdiscal spot and outer line— always more distinct in the female. . J':xi»aiise, 1.50 to l.SO inches (38 to 45 mm.). ^lit, IV, p. 271 - Ei.MOT and Hoi;lk, Cm.. Ent., 1S8B, XVIII, p. 124 (no nauio).-rACKAiu. Fiftli Kept. U. 8. Eat. Coniin., 1890, p. 461 {vulpina). Stage /.—I lead scarcely bilobed, nearly white ; width, 0.«J5 mm. Hody white, rather opaque, the dorsum of joints 2, 4-5, 7-9, and lli broadly pale purplish brown; hairs black and white mixed. Warts with a radiating crown and central hair, IV small with two setae, VI present, elongate ; several setae on the leg plate. Stagv //.—Head white; width, 1 mm. Body as before or all white; the warts large, the hair long and abundant, with a few stitf black ones the whole length, but more particuhuly on joints r., 7, and 12. A few secondary hairs. 8t(uj('. ///.—Head creamy white, bilobed, with or without a vertical line of spottings on the face of each lobe; width, 1.0 mm. Bt)dy whit- ish, scarcely touched with any brown marks, even in the most heavily spotted examples of the previous stage. Warts large, concolorous, the I hairs long and soft, white, curving, some of them secondary. A black pencil dorsally on joints 5, 7, and 12, or 5, 7, 8, and 12, or on 5, 7, 8, 9, and 12. The larva sits in J-shape. The body is visible through tliej hairs. Stage /F.— Head white or with a black mottled streak up each lobe,, full, rounded, scarcely bilobed; width, 2.0* mm. Body white, faintly | tinged with green. Hairs very long, both primary and secondary, fine, curving a little, abundant, but not concealing the body, white, a few, short black ones dorsally on joints 5, 7, and 12 or on the other joints j as before. Warts rather large, but low and inconspicuous, norniiil. Another larva had a black pencil 5, 7, 8, and 12, with a black dot on joint 1) to repiesent a tiftn pencil. Stage V (interpolated).— In one instance this stage was observed; in most larvae it was omitted. Structure and coloration as before. Stage F/.— Head greenish white, immaculate, or with a little blackish marking in the n)iddle of each lobe; width, 4 mm. Body greenish white, immaculate, or with black dorsal spots to represent the hair pen eils. Pencils now absent, the hair abundant, very long, curving over all around, brushed forward on the right side, backward on the lelr.j Warts small, white; secondary hair abundant, rather finer than the primary. Hair white or yellow, a few short, bristly, black ones on the ends of the body. Before desctending from the tree to nunato *bc bead turns dull brown and finally black, except at the tip'; the "body (J'l:lt.)8 VII, fig N.. 1 1 10 NOUTH AMERICA .V NOaTUIDA E~SMI m AND D YA R. 61 1km oim's (lull brown, tinged with green, and tlie liair olivaceous bljick isli. shading to yellow at the tips. Cwoon.— Very slight, consiHting of a few threads oidy. /'»/><».— Kegularly taiK'ring, the anterior sides of the segincaits punc- tured; shining, mahogany brown, creniaster blunt, wrinkly, slightly l.il()l>ed, contracted at base, and with a series of recurve mm.; width, (J mm. Food plants.— Vo^hiv, willow, birch. ' . i ; ACRONYCTA POPULI Riley. (I'l.teH VII, (iK.2r,, larva; XI, (i«. 7, fou.ale mlult; XVII. fig. 16. leg; XIX, flg.20, male gOlUtrtllU.) Amomjola popuU Rilkv, Second Rept. Ins. Mo., 1870, p. ll!l. (ig8.87 88 -G hoik Traim. An,. E„t. Soc. 1872. IV, i..28 = /e^,«,««/»m.-K,i.Kv, Inuox and Mnnplt! to Mo. iiopts., 1881, p. 74, f leinisviiliiia. Aimtela populi Packaki., Ii.h. Inj. l-'oreHt Trees, 1881, p. ll(i, fig. 55.-Gi!(,tk I'apilio, 1881, I, 1.. 127 ^lepnaailinu.-HKSHY Kdwaudh, Ent. Amor 1888* III, p. 18.-,, 8p.di.st.; Hull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 35, 1889, p. 81, an Bn. dist' Irpitnoulina. Me,iM»!. ^..i., „*■ .,ii 4.\ i " • — """ -•;-. ,...,!^i, T/iiij ui nil Liiuau Dciore me is it outlined in black. The reniform is a vaguely defined, blackish, lunate fi2 rnncKEDisafi of the xtTroxAt. mvskvm. vouxxr. iimrk. HecotHliirieH white, th« (VitiKos iiiaikod with a H<>rio« of black dots at l)H80. Ilcnoatli wiiite, witli a more or icsw distinct owUm- line and diHcal spot. Tlie HiiotH at tliu buHe of tlio fringes are also duplicated from tlie upper wide. Kxpanse, X.M) to 1.00 inelies (.'{3 to 47 mm.). y/«i/»2}uli).—FHKNcu, Trans. Dept. Aj;r., 111., 1877, XV, p. 1301.— Mautkn, Trans. l)ei>t. Agr., 111., 1880, XVIII, ,>. 130.- Saundeus, Can. Ent., 1882, XIV, p. 221, ii-.; Ropt. Ent. Soc. Ont., IW, p. 24, llg. Stof/e IF.— Width of head, about 2 mm. All whitish, with a green- ish tint. Hair long and white, with black pencils on Joints 5, 7, and 12, and a few black hairs the whole length from tubercles 1 and IT, almost forming a pencil on joint 8. Stage F/.— Width of head, 4 to 4.8 mm. Shining black, as, also, the cervical shield and thoracic feet, liody covered with long, light yellow secondary hairs; live single dorsal black pencils from tubercle I on joints o, 7, 8, «>, and 12. Those on joints 5 and 12 are the most persistent; some or all of the others maybe weak or absent. Skin I sordid white; brownish dorsally on joints 3 and 4. Warts small, con colorous, obscure; hairs simple, very long, not obscuring the body. Venter shaded with brownish; leg plates ])artly black. Spiracles bla<'k rimmed. C'ocoow.— Composed of silk and chips of wood. NO 1140. XOtnU AMERICAN NOCWWAR-aMITR AND DTAR. 68 /'»/K/.-Hobn«t, tlio alMlotnmi re,jnlarly taporitiff, the HOKinonU .•.K.rsdy, rather densoly puiuitunHl anteriorly; wir.jf casoH ,.rea8cd and sl,M-re.'i.ed. Crernaster lar^e, lhi<,k, coi.Htrirted at tho bam,, ooarselv .l.nH..|y wrinkled; upper hook single, HtronKly recurved ; h,wer hooks tni.i or five on each Hide, well separated and bent down Hubparallel to till' surface of the pupa. Food plant. — Poplar. ACRONYCTA LEPUSCULINA Ouente. (l'lu».'«I, «K. 1, adult; XI, fl«. x, female adult; XIX, rt«. 21, male Kenitulia.) Hnt. Mum., H(^t., 1H5«, IX, p. 55. im, \ I, p. 154.-HENHV Kdwahls. Knto. Amer., 1«88, III, p. 185. ( i round color white, quite stroii^ly powdered with black. The ordi- nary lines diHtinet in nu^at cases and always traceable. Masai lino ■narked oy a black spot on the costa. Transverse anterior line marked l.v n black costal spot, and from this point it is geminate, with an even outcurve, to the middle, where it meets the basal dash and begins another even outcurve to the internal margin. The line is rarely .ntirely complete, but its geminate character is marked in all the spc. imens that are before me, and it is in almost every instance trace- al.le on both sides of the basal streak. The median shade is marked bv a black spot on the (H)sta, and as a rule extends across the reuiforni, bul not beyond. The transverse posterior line is (juite usually com- l.ote, lunulate, and .,uite strongly dentated on the veins; sometin.es tie hue IS quite narrow, and sometimes dentated in both directions More usually the lunules are ciuite distimit, generally the line is some- wiiat emphasized opposite the cell, and is also more distinct opposite lu' anal angle, where it i^ usually crossed by a black dagger mark, ll.e.e isaseries of terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black. Ihere is a distinct black basal streak, which extends to iind IS connected with the transverse anterior line. The orbicular is niaiked m all the specimens that I have seen, and, though small, is black ringed. The reniform is usually an indefinite dusky lunule, but IS sometimes completely outlined and large kidney shaped. The sec "•■(lanes are white, usually with a terminal dark line, sometimes with a series of terminal dots. Beneath white, more or less powderv, with an()uter discal line and a more or less evident discal spot. Kxpaiise, J.oO to 2 inches (37 to 50 mm.). IMntat Loug Island, New York; Manchester, New Hampshire; Hnnda; Kansas in September; Volga, South Dakota; Colorado; Mon- tana. ' Tlie only date of capture that I have for tliis species is September, ami unfortunately the entire collection contains only nine spc.imc.Ks! llu'se, however, run veiy constant, and in the characters that I have r-^ 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI, pointed out differ strongly from popuU. I have selected this species na the type of Gueneft's description, because it is, without any doubt, included by him in his cbiiracterizatiou. It is also quite certain that Eileyhad both forms before him when ho described liis species; so, strictly speaking, the names referred to the same aggregation of exam- ples. As there are two fornjs, however, aiul as Riley's figure and type refer distinctly to the form in which the basal streak is very short, it seems fair to retain his name and to apply Gueuee's term to the othir form, which has been mixed with it. One other point that was not men- tioned in the description of the preceding species as distinguishing it from the one now under consideration is that here the transverse ante- rior line is iii almost every case more or less evident, and yet distinctly geminate. In no example of populi do we find any approaching to this. The species is, on the whole, narrower winged, and as it is also more coarsely black powdered it has quite a distinctive appearance. In male genital characters it does not ditt'er essentially from the preceding; but the side pieces are rather narrower as a whole, while the clasper is shorter and proportionately very much broader. H 1, , ACRONYCTA CINDERELLA, uew species. (Piatos XI, fifT. 11, male adult; XX, lig. 1, male genitalia.) Ground color very pale ash gray, almost whitish, but with coarse black powderings, which give it the ashen appearance. Head and thorax of the ground color as is usual. The primaries have the ordi- nary markings rather imperfectly written. The basal line is marked by a small black dot on the costa, very close to the base. The trans- verse anterior line is more or less complete; in one case entirely dis- tinct, but in most instances only partly defined. It is always gemiuate, however, so far as it is obvious. In the worst case it is marked by a distinct costal spot, by a pair of angulated marks below the cell, and by a pair of spots on the internal margin. A black spot over tlie reniform marks the origin of the median shade, which is not traceable, however, beyond that point. The transverse posterior line is continu- ous in all the specimens, usually lunulated aud sometimes .." i^h.-*- > ■> j ■ • - "^'"VJio isliwi rv" t1 "" pieceaed it by the complete median |«h.ult line. It 18 also somewhat darker than any of the other species, Proc. N. M. vol. xxi 6 ' 66 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. and is narrower winged in both sexes. On studying a series of species beginning with cretata, we And a very pretty and gradual development from a perfecjtly white form, in which the markings are all blotchy and the wings in the female are very broad, through a very similar tyi»e seen in Icporina, tf) a more powdery but still broad-winged form like populi, all with only a short basal streak; tlien a form like lepuscuUm, where all the markings tend to become complete, to Cinderella, where they are nearly so, to transversata, where the median shade line first becomes distinct throughout its whole course. In this species we have the most completely marked type, and also the narrowest wings in both sexes. There is little variation in the specimens betore me, but probably the range is greater than is indicated by my specimens. It is not inconceivable that this is an extreme form of the species just previously described, and there is nothing in the structural characters opposed to that idea. As the material stands now, however, the species is well based, and is recognizable by the characters already enumerated. ACRONYCTA TOTA Grote. (Plates X, fig. 11, female adult; XVII, fig. 17, leg; XIX, flg. 23, male genitalia.) Apatela tola Grote, North Am. Ent., 1879, I, p. 12; Papilio, 1883, III, p. 69. Ground color a very dark blue ash gray, with dense black powderings. | The basal line is feebly or not at all marked. Transverse anterior line distinct throughout its entire course; geminate nearly upright, just a little drawn in below the cell. The two parts of the line are quite well separated, leaving the ground color visible between. The median shade is marked on the costa, but not prominent, and is vaguely extended to the veniform. The transverse posterior line is unusually near the outer margin; is more or less distinctly geminated, the outer line most distinct, while the included space is pale, ir is very even, and as a whole not very strongly bisinuate. There is a series of black terminal dots, and the fringes are rather indistinctly marked with smoky. The black basal streak is distinct and extends to the trans- verse anterior line without break. There is no dagger mark or other shade emphasizing the transverse posterior line. The orbicular is small, nearly round, black ringed. The reniform is very large, kidney shaped, completely ringed, and with a dusky inner lunule. The secondaries are white in the male, smoky in the female, in which sex there is also a distinct discal spot, and a pale outer line running through the smoky exterior part of the wing. Jieneath, the wings are whitish, with the usual discal spots and outer line. Expanse, 1.28 to 1.40 inches (32 to 35 mm.). Habitat. — Texas in March. Plight specimens are before me, most of them females, and four of | them collected by Belfrage. One specimen is marked Comal County, and is the only one with a definite locality. This species can not very well be jnistakon for a!iything else. It is the smallest in this group, as VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTVIDAE-SMITH AND DYAR. 67 well as the darkest and most simply „,arked. There 17^i;solutelv win'h'lm """"^T "."' "'' '"'^"'' ^^"'"^^^^ ^'•'^"^^^-e anterior line ^^lllch will serve to characterize the sj.ecies. The harpes are almos <.nved The anterior leg is also well developed for an insect of this size, but rather in the tibia and tarsi than in the femur. The epinhvs s .8, as usual, attached to the middle and extends to the tip. The lead s ar.er in proportion to the size of the insect than is usua! in this ge ui ' Mit the palp, on the other hand, are very short, scarcely even reLh ng Group LOBELIAE. The most obvious superficial characters of this group are the usually omment ps^ or dagger marks, and the moderate primaries in wUch lie inner margin is not much shorter than the costa. The outer margin s ,uite evenly arcuate, only a little oblique, and the apex is rectangu ar, or even a little rounded. The costa is rather evenly arched and (qual Yet the group as defined above is not a strictly natural one and ,t has been imt,ossible to so arrange the species in tabular form as t show re atioi-ships. On the other hand, while the sexual structure the ma e serve to mark two very distinct subgroups, there are off" s 00 ts hat confuse. The best-developed type may be'consider d tCat tound mhasta, /urct/era, and laetijica, in which the lateral clasper is separated from the harpes, is broad, scoopshaped, and has T lon^ tinger- Ike projection superiorly. Koughly, the structure may be com pa ed to a hand from which thumb and all save the index flifger Ce added, m lobehae and several allied forms, a flnger-like process which been added and extended at right angles to the pahn. The size and an inferLr l^"*"' ^'""T ''^"''' ^"^ ««^"«ti"^«« 'he palm or scoop adds ^ is we find nT'; ^! 1 P"'' "' *'' ^^'"' ^""^'^ ''^'' b«^" ^1«« restored. T we find Illustrated lu pnmi. In brumosa (mbochrea) we find a ak m a new direction. The thumb or upper process becomes longer -. With lithospila begins another break. The palm becomes reduced in ^>/t, tl e upper margin bends over, the finger process thus becomes somewhat beak-like, while the thumb becomes more slender InlTl : 'rrrr ""''"""'' '"' ^^^ ^^^ ^ «*^"*'^-« ^^-^ «-'-«ts ofriz xcavated, tapering process, with a slender finger-like structure from .ttZT hT?- ""'^PP"'^^ '^"^ «"P«^*-- «"^«r-^''- structure w" .et unnula, but it we reduce it in size and make the process itself •5' 68 VROCEIiDINUS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. IfMl beak-like we get first jxirallela and Anally grisea, in wbich only the beak-like process is developed. In connevta the clasper, while it strongly resembles that of tritona, becomes interiorly united with the sidepiece, the superior process becomes larger and more prominent, and apparently arises mucli nearer the middle of the harpes. In fragl lis and funeralis there is a curious similarity in development. The inferior portion of the clasper is somewhat Hattened, united to the. harpes except at the tip where it is freed, and has the inferior angle prolonged. From these forms the transition into the hamamelis type is easy and requires only the loss of the inferior process of the clasper. In this connection a study of the European psi, cuspis, and tridens is interesting. None of them hu± the superior process and none of them have the scoop-shapod clasper distinctly developed. Cuspifi is curi- ously intermediate between lobeliae and persuasa, while in alni we see distinctly the structure which brings funeralis close to afflicta, while also indicating the tridms derivation. Tridens is most nearly like UthoHpila, while psi v,o\\ti\hm all the hamamelis possibilities and those of the group auricoma. None of the species examined by me show any resemblance to our grisea type, wliile on the other hand we have nothing in the least resembling megacephala. As we find thus, in the sexual structures, variations in several direc- tions, so we find in the adults that from the strongly developed psi lype the macnlation tends to the strigate lithospila, to the dentate fragilis, to the powdery roughened superans, and to the smooth, uniform, cleanly defined type iu falcula, parallela, and allies. The same type of maculation is duplicated in two or more divisions; hence any arrange- ment on superficial appearance will be certaiu to contradict that made on structural characters merely. For convenience of determination, superficial characters will be used in the table and in the review of the species. While there is no absolute agreement, nevertheless as a whole the members of this group have the epiphysis of the anterior tibia of the male inserted at or above the middle, the lappet not reaching the tip of the member, while the tarsi are proportionately longer. First of all we may separate innotata and betnlae as having no black lines, streaks, or dagger marks of any description. Tlie wings are a little shorter and broader than usual, but the general scheme of macu lation is similar. Innotata is white or yellowish, with the transverse posterior line emphasized by black scales, while betulae is of a peculiar reddish clay or luteous, without a trace of black anywhere. Morula, occidentalis, paiipercula, vinnula, and fragilis are united by having a black streak at base, a dagger mark, which may or may not cross the transverse posterior line, opposite the anal angle, and another, much less marked, opposite the cell. The ordinary spots are not in any way united or tied by a black line or mark. The vestiture is smootli, and the markings are not picked out by raised scales. Morula and NO. 1140. ^Ji^ AMKltlCAN mCTUIDAE-SMim AND DYAlt. 60 oecidentaUs are allied in sexual structure to each other and t^olSae"- luu^percula^na ^mnula are much more nearly allied to tritona andVl^a Mlule pagUu stands pointing to funeralu, hamamelis, and ,rSl wTth indications toward connecta or tritona Morula is easily known by its large size, its discolorous yellow thoracic disk, and the yellowish shades in the primaries Occtdentalis is very similiar, but much smaller, and the thoracic disk .s not ye ow or otherwise discolored. In the structure o^tT^ male Haspers the spec.es differ little. In occulcutalis the process from the ■snpeimr margin is reduced to a small angulation, wl.iU, in Znlit s ii lliit triangular process. •. "^uruia n is Panpercula might pass for a small occidentalis, but it has i reddish shade, and the black streak from the base to the tra isverse anterio ■ne IS very heavy, and has a small spur or angle inferiorra if the Ime had started to divide, and in this characte. it agrees w^h X '^ 11.18 seems at first sight like a very small character; but it is constant within specific liniits, and all the species with similar nia e tZX Lave this spurred or broken basal streak. Unfortunately, some of the species with a diffuse streak sometimes have a similar spuk so that Je character is not satisfactory for isolating just this group Unnnla is unique by its glistening white vestiture, which is marked by bluish brown, or mossy-green shadings. All th^ tran versTlk.es raffUts IS unique. The wings resemble the albarufa-hamamdis tvDe he ground color is smoky brown or blackish, and the vrrrstlnilv Sr Altter''?- """/"^^' """^'^'''^^ whiteTcoC:;^^ shades. Altogether it is easily separable from all others in the section to which only its superficial characters refer it ' Lo,'tiJica,furci/era, hasta, manitoha, thoracica, anrominent black streak extends from tlie costa obliquely outward between the ordinary spots, which are very close together and not at all well defined. Strigulaia forms the end of this line, with very pale blue-gray strigiite primaries, in which nearly all the tranverse maculation is obsolete, and IDure white se Spinigera &m\ pruni are most nearly allied and are evident offshoots from the typical lobelia, type, which they resemble in macnlation Z m the genitahc strnt^ture of the nnile. The rouj,^heninff of the vestiture 18 quite evident enough to separate the species from their allies, but it .8 not a striking feature, and serves rather f« give a peculiar softness and mdeflniteness to the ornamentation. Spinigera, or harveyana, as it has been renamed, is somewhat loss defirrT.' •'^^'I'"!:^^"«^';"'d ^'^^ '^" the dashes slender and neatly defined The genitalia of the male are of the /oft.^m. type, but show a departiire from the normal in the development of a knob liLe proces trom the inferior margin. Pnmi, which is generally known as c/m^m.. in collections, is smaller much more roughened in vestiture, and the dashes are all obscured ,>; dittuse, particular y that opposite the anal angle. The genitalia of tho male difter from the normal lobeliae type in that both angles of th scooplike clasper are prolonged into finger-like processes. nn7rT i' '^•1''*^ """^"^ "' *'"' '"'''^•' *" '^' ^'^''^^'-^^ appearance, yet on close study it is apparent that we may have here an extreme dev el- opment of the tendency started in the preceding species. All the markings are normally present, but everything is obscured by the elevated, rough vestiture, aided by a general blackish suffusion whi.h gives the primaries a marbled appearance. In a general way the ground color IS gray, but there is a broad smoky or blackish longL.li. of the wi^ ; tT-^' ''"" '"'' *^ ""*^^ "^'^^^^^ ^«J«- the center vertl f ^' T '! '' '^"''^ ^'^ '-' ^^^''^^^ ^^°d ^1^'«'> ^^tends trans- rrZurr r'^ -r' ^^^^"^ *'^ "^^•^'^^''^^- ^»«ther peculiarity 8 a patch of yellow scales at the extreme base, inferiorly, that co.^ t^ass sharply with the rest of the wing. The claspers of the male a but httle different from those of lobeliae. Connecta is a much reduced superans in maculation, but so modified as to give quite a different first impression. The ground col Has famt reddish shading; the longitudinal black shad' is betteXflned t^nSZ '"^'^,««°t^f«ting, and the dusky shade from the costa is more diffuse and much less prominent. The relationship to alni an, /^meral^s is evident, as is that to grisea through uansLa. In th structure of the male claspers we have a very interesting intermedia e on the one hand to the afflicta form on another, to the <,risea type in the third, and even he form of the aurieoma group could be easily seuVe^^^ The species is, therefore, a highly important and interesting one Brumosa Guenee, which replaces snbochrea Grote, is an extreme development of the line started by spinigera. It is 'very dark S gray the markings obscure, diffuse, and mottled, and the seconda Is smoky luteous, but glistening. In well-marked specimens all the „ N.M140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAK—BMlTTr AND DTAR. 73 iiKMitatioj. of prvHi, but nuich obscured, iire easily traceabK In male jieiiital structure this spocies is distinctly nni(iuo, and wliiie it is evidently a loheliac derivative, becomes an easy interjfrade to the (I (II iota type. Of the European species known to' me, pni, tridens, cmjm, fitriqosa, and ahu belong to this group. All of these save Htru,om have been already mentioned. Of these, the first mentioned three belong to that small series of which lobHiae is typical. All have the dagger opposite tlK' cell more or less obvious and crossing the transverse posterior line, and all have the ordinary spots more or less distinctly tied by a black line or dash. In all the basal dash or streak is distinct, and in all we liiid well marked the spur from the inferior margin, which, in our own spc'cies, is characteristic of the fp-Mea series. The structure of the male genitalia, has been already referred to, and, altogether, while at first sight there may seem a close re8end)lance between these Euro- l.( iui and some American forms, yet they are really (,uite remote from each other. Variation has been much greater and specialization more active in America; hence our species have diverged more and in a greater imird)er of directions. In its pattern of maculatiou alni resembles siipcram and conuecto at least as much as, if not more than, it does our funcralis. It has not only the longitudinal shade of supemm, but also the broad shade bands extending from the costa behind the orbicular to meet it. So the vestiture in alni is much more roughened than it is in the American species, and in this particular it is also much closer to our conmcta. Ntrigosa is the European representative of our contieeta, bat is smaller more slightly built, and more brightly colored. The male claspers are those ot connecta, but on a much smaller, more compact plan, and much better adapted for a starting point to our group havimndis or to the group aiirivoma. ACRONYCTA INNOTATA Guen6e. (Plates II, flgs. 17, 18, adult; XVII, fig. 18, leg; XX, fig. ;,, „,al., g.-nitali; .) Aoronycia inmtata GuENiCnc, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, 1, p. 50.-Walkkic, Cat Brit Mh8., Hot., 1851), IX, p. 59. ApaUhi innolata Gkote, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 114. Diphthera graeJH Guote, Proc. Eiit. Soc. Pbila., 1863, II, p. 68, pi in fi.r 6 - MoKHisoN, Can. Ent., 1875, VII, ]>. 79, pr. syn. ' ' Ground color a somewhat dirty yellowish white. Head and thorax without distinct markings, except a black line from the sides of the palpi to the base of the wings. Primaries with the ordinary lines traceable, and a variously distinct basal line, marked by a black spot ou the costa. Transverse anterior line marked by a black spot on the costa. Beyond that it is geminate, neither of the defining lines com- plete nor always well marked at the same Doiuts. As a wlmlA tl.A Unn IS outwardly oblique and rather even. Sometimes it is reduced to the 74 VROCKEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU XXI. costal spot, to a dot or a pair of dots belo\r the cell and another on the internal margin ; oocttsionally it is en f irely wanting. The ine«iiau shade is indicated by a black spot on tlie coHta and sometimes a shade extends to the (ienter of the reniforu!. The transverse posterior line In well marked, in most specimens continuous or nearly so, more or lessobvi ously lunulared, but not dentated on the veins. It is quite squarel. bent r>, fl^. 17fi. iljiboma hetulae GRctTK, MItth., a. d. Hoem. Muh., HildoHli., IWMi, N<». 3, p. 7. Ciiouiul color a ratlier i)alo ocher yellow, shading into luteouH. Head iiiid thorax even, the usnal black line at the sides of the i)al|»i beeonnng brown; primaries with the ordinary markings very little m.„. Grom.; the, wartK yellow A .thorax '><"HaIIyonjo.ntsr>,8,9,au(ll2,anvvM patches s.nro.nul.d with y.Ih.vv, „u,Ht aistinct oftlL h'1 Dorsal ha.r long, dark, a c.,.tral seta with a crcwu of short h L I each wart. Joints 5 and 12 slijjhtly e.darged. "'" maijv I .-Head green, with purplish niottlings on the lobes fl... ap... pale l.rown; wi.lth, 2.2 mn.. B, S, J», a„d 12, with red centers; a red dot o.f jlint , Only a trace of the subdorsal line on Joints :/and 4 8ld n ,1 o nts 4 r 7 ' •'"'"'^^'>:-^" *'«t« l>«eon.e „.ore numerous, snuUl , l<»nts 4 (. ,, large on 8, <>, snuill on 10, 11. Dorsal line enlarL-ed f .nclud. tu ben.le i on Joints 8 and 9, I and ,1 on Joints 5 Id i^ ,''\; /.-Head pale brownish, thickly mottled with black snots above, the ap.ces of the lobes orange; width, 3 to 3.7 mm. Idy T ovaceous brown; nunute brownblack skin thorns on a gre; • 1 at^ iVn ''**'^*^':**''.«:"1 ^^*>r«'^%' 1-' ««l»are. Wartssmall, few haircl sh i . r ' ' •' ^f ^^"'^ '""• ^"'•*'^«'««' *»•« "^''^^ ^vart pale gree : .8h; all paleon joint 13. Hair short, black and white; secondarvS present only subventrally, but rather abundant there, pale ^ Coeoon.-" Web up in a piece of old wood or between leaves." (Riley ) ments punctured in front; smooth, shining brown, the wine cas^s finely tntnsyersely wrinkled. Cremaster short, nearly s< ssUe sever^ ongitudmal ridges above and below at the margin. No dor al hook he lower row in a close series of six, corresponding to three on eth side, but not separated. Length, 17 mm.; width, 8 mm. Food ])lant.—E\Tc\i. ACRONYCTA MORULA Grote and Robinson. (PJates II, flg. 10, adult; VII, iigs. 20, 21, larva • XIV fiLrs 7 iq +i . , Apatela morula Thaxter P-milii. i«sq ttt' ,, t..;^!- -, -,-ii • r. j.- m has tlifi rii^i. ,Uof V, ■'■ ■ M "'"f ' yellowish tinge. The thorax has the disk distinctly yellow, the collar is usually brown-tipped, and NO mil NOUTll AMKHICAN NUCTVIDAK— SMITH ANlt DYAU. 77 ept. U. 8. Knt. til)' <(lK Ih marked by jBremliiate yellow or brown inarku on tiio c.isia. Transvemi autiTior line K<'"iiiJute, browiiinh yt^llow, as a whole oiitwanlly oblique, (|ulte Htronjfly toothed on the Hubcostal and more (tr less 6s of the male are a little narrowed just above the clasper,and widen slightlyjust before the rounded tip." The clasper is moderately developed, the finger quite strongly curved and not very long. There is the merest projection from the upper margin to indicate the presence of an additional process. LARVA. GtTENKE, Spec. Gen. Noct., 1852, I, p. 4fi (Merr„i,ta).-Wxums, Ent. Corr 1860 p. 311 (sagHtaria).-iiKvmmxxH, Can. Eut., 1872, IV, p. 49 {occidentaUa).'-^ P r''';ir","; "'''*• ^^'- ^"•' ^^^^' ^^'"^' P- 129-EnwAKDs and Elliot, api 10, 1883, in, p. 1.^2.-,Saunders, Ins. In.j. Fruits, 1883, p. 1(5o.-Dimmock, I sycbe, 1885, IV, p. 274.-Packakd, Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Conmi., 1890, p.l67. Stage nL—lleaa white, the lobes pointed; a black patch at the vertex, one on each side of the c.lypeu.s ji,,d one over the eyc^ width, NO. 11 40. NORTH A MERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AND D TAR. % \ (>.!» mm. Body white, warts I to HI bladc^W^reTt^jale^^.^^^S^^ with a crown of liairs; all the body thickly covered witli short second- aiy hairs enlarged ai the tips. Tubercles I and 11 on joi.it 12 form a s.iuare. Dorsum broadly streaked with dark brown, cut by dorsal and subdorsal white lines. Hair black and white, even some of the second ary ones black. Warts normal, IV rather small, all nearly in a sinde transverse line. ^ Stage JF.-Head black, a geminate white spot at apex of clypeus and white streaks on the sides; apices of lobes pointed, pale brown: wul h, 1.4 mm. Body whitish as before; dorsal and subdorsal lines wlute, distinct ; sides shaded with brownish, joint 13 pale. Secondary liairs short, club-shaped. Tubercles actually pale, but more or less 0 mm ) ' Hahitaf.-Fvora Canada to Florida and Texas, west to the Rocky Mountai... Texas, in March, April, and May; Illinois, April, Ma/ andJul: 1,^ Washington, District of Columbia, in April/ New ersey,' .n Junr and August; Evans Center, New York, in JunL Mi.nesotl .u Aur ust; Douglas County, Kansas; Louisiana, in April Ihu 18 as large as morula, and one of the most common species in ns series. It is as a rule easily recognized by the large size and by tb. very prominent contrasting black dashes, which are better marked tl.an m any other species. There is considerable variation in size ai!d considemble variation also in the color of the hind wings, especiaUy of the males. It has been impossible, however, for me to separate «fen in ,> species on any tangible character, and I have been compelled o old them together. Ordinarily the very heavy black marVi fg om bmed with the dark under wings and quite pale gray prim aifes wHI be sufticient to recognize the species. The head is .p^e dist net ^e lont bulging and a little prominent. The legs are well developed, tt enuir being very stout at the base and somewhat abruptly nlrrowed toward the tip. The tibia has the epiphysis attached cpiite clos^to be base and not extending much beyond the middle. The harpes of be male are narrow, bluntly rounded at the tip, sometimes a httle broader just be ore. The clasper is well developed, the superior no cess curved and moderately long, a distinct linger-like process of good length from the upper margin near the base of the clasper. The spe ces IS well represented in all the collections before me and a verv large series ot both sexes has been under examination. LARVA. (;uEN.::,.:,,Spo..Gen,Noct., 1852,I,p.44.-CoQuiLLETT,PapiIio 1881 I „ ii PACKAii.,, Fifth Report U. S. Ent. Coiun,, ISiK), p. ^68 ' ^' %y Circular, about 45 ribbed, of the shape of a segment of a Jl .ere iattened. Pibs free at ends, not diminishing iu nunri till one t ud tbe distance to apex, when the alternate ones terminate- the ^^Tt ";;l^""^f ^' ^"'f , ^^^«""d '^- -i^ropyle, which is reticu/ated, "t'f in the center. Kidges wavy; the grooves between likewise «aA'ed; no cross striae. Diamet.. . mm.; height, 0.3 mm ./«Y/e /.-Whitish, a large purple-brosvn dorsal spot on joints 2, 4, 5 i dT> le with r -"^ '" '' '''' ^°^' ^^'^^^' ^^^^^"^ i" clistinctness: ii ad pale, with a similar spot on each lobe; width, 0.3 mm. Tubercles large in the davi.. marks, smaller elsewhere, and ^oncolorous noTmaT sin, chaired, the hairs of I to IV black, V white, a smaH wh e Teta :: r if r vi^" ^^^^-^-^ ''^'^ '-'^ "^^ ^^^^^ "^ -^^^ -A:t i ^ wown spoi, above and two below on the 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. face of each lobe ; width, 0.4 mm. Body white, the dorsum dark purple brown on Joints 2, 4-5, 8-9, and 12, the spot on joint 2 double. Warts conic, with a crown of glandular-tipped hairs and central long seta, two setae on wart I; I to III black. Secondary hairs black in the dark spots, white on the white ground ; hairs of wart VI pale, imt glandular. Later the spots on the head become conHuent behind, leaving the points of the lobes marked by white. The green food contrasts with dorsal patches on the pale segments. titage III. — Head, 0.8 mm. ; white, with four brown-black spots in front and a streak on the neck. Brown dorsal patches on the body connected by a faint subdorsal line inclosing white patches on tlie pale segments, greenish in the incisures. Sides whitish. Warts as before, some gland ular secondary hairs also arising from the skin. Stage IF.— Head square, bilobed, apices reddish, ground whitish, four large black spots in front, and mottlings on the sides ; width, l.o nun. Body whitish, dorsum above wart III all shaded with dark brown, heaviest on joints 2, 4-5, 8-9, and 12, the other segmeuts yellow. A broken pale dorsal line. Hair black dorsally, white subventrally, the short secondary hairs on both tlie low conic warts and body glandular tipped and concolorous with the markings. Later the dorsum becomes more brownish, leaving, besides pale, broken dorsal and subdorsal line, yellow patches around wart I on joints 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 13. Stage Y. — Head large, bilobed, narrowing above; ground color white, thickly mottled with black patches, apices of lobes red; width, 2.2 min. Body gray, dotted with black; a whitish dorsal and subdorsal line; tubercles I to HI Avhitish, with two or three black hairs, IV very small, V and VI with abundant soft white hairs; I and II in a Sipiare on joint 12. A tiny black dot before tubercle I and a reddish shade between I and II. Stage F/.— Head as before; width, 3.5 mm. Body gray, with very faint grayish-white dorsal and subdorsal lines. Hairs from small, nearly concolorous warts, I to HI with a few black hairs, IV obscure; abundant fine whitish hair subventrally, mostly secondary. Skin above with fine black points. Small orange-yellow spots between tubercles I and 11 on joints 5 to 11. Spira(!le8 black ringed. Later bluish gray, a yellowish -gray diamond-shaped patch on joints 5 to i'J; those on joints 5 and 12 shaded with blackish. This marking only appears when the larva is full fed. Stage VII. — No change whatever; width of head, 4.4 mm. Stage VIII. — As before, till near the end of the stage, which lasts eleven days. Width of head, 5.7 mm. On leaving the ])lant the larv;i changes color. The head is large, scarcely bilobed, shagreened; black above, obscuring the red apices, a broad, shaded grayish-white baixl transversely, festooned up over the ciypeus; dypeus gray; mouth black. Body appearing a little flattened, slaty gray, a greenish-white dorsal and subdorsal line and diffuse lateral and substignuitul patches. (I'hites II, iig. NO 1140. ^'>R^ A MERICA N NOCTVIDA E-SMITH AND D TAB. 86 Warts small, several haired; hairs short and bljick^orTtuberclesTti 111, white subventrally, both secondary and from tubercles V and VI Dorsum thickly covered with black points. A diffuse yellow patch l)Ho\v warts I and II and around III. Joint 12 slightly enlarged dor- sally. A few long black hairs at the extremities. r«co«//.--Single, but firm and tough, composed of silk and bits of wood bitten off; a considerable portion formed by the supporting wood /'»F'.-Brown, shining, gently tapering, the abdominal segments punctured all over, the punctures extending back to the finely sha- gieened incisures; wing cases grooved and transversely wrinkled Civmaster short, subconic, with large longitudinal wrinkles. Upper Look one; lower, three on each side, regularly spaced: all large, with recurved tii)S. ' Food plant — Oak. ACRONYCTA FURCIFERA Guenee. (I'lates II, fig. 13, male; flgs. 14, 13, female adult; VI, tig. 10, larva; XVIII, fig 30 leg; XX, lig, 12, male genitalia.) ' Acronyctafurdfeva (Juknioe, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. 44.-Walkeu, Cat. Brit Mus., Ilet., 18o(), IX, p. 54. Apatda furcifera Gkotk, Papilio, 1883, III, p, 68. Apatehi lobeliav \ Frknch, Can. Ent., 1886, X VIIlj p. 118. (Iround color dark bluish ash gray, quite heavily powdered and with ^ «<^me^vhat smoky sutiusion. Head and thorax witiiout markings except for the usual lateral line. Primaries with ail the markings tair y well defined. Basal line geminate, smoky, sometimes extending to the basal dash. Transverse anterior line geminate, outwardly oblique" and (lu.te even. It is usually a little better marked at the -,08ta, but IS tracMeable clear across the wing in all the thirty-odd specime.js before me. The median shade is marked on the costa by a rather feeble oblique line, which crosses the reniform and is continued below it parallel with the transverse posterior line to the internal margin. This shade, while not disi:inct or prominent, is traceable in almost every specimen clear across t ,.e wing. The trausverse posterior line is geminate, the inner hne smoky and not well marked, the outer line black, lunulate, the uitervening space paler than the ground color. As a whole the line is quite evenly bisinuatc. The subterminal line is pale, very slightly "larked in n.ost of the specimens, but quite evident in some of the i(»k(Mi, ytnllowish siibdorsiil lino. Warts (UMicoIorous ; liairs more mimcrous than hotbre, more than one Umg; on»< fnmi eacli wait, pale, ex('ei)t some of the lon^f dorsal ones. In another specimen a st'ries of dorsal atcheH composed of a bar connecting tubercles I rcachiu},' back on the sides to II and again conneiited by a narrow line behind 1 1. These are small on Joints 3 and 4. large on 5 to i;{, tliat on V2 with both transverse lines large. Stuffe I r.— Head bilobed, whitish, faintly brown mottled on tlie npper part of the face; width, 1.8 mm. Body green, wltli a yellow snbdorsal line between tubercles \ and II, divergent on the thora.x. Hairs few, lilack and white; warts concolorons, I and II forming a square on Joint IL'. A few fine sec(mdary hairs laterally, seen under a half-incb object- i\('. Later the dorsal space becomes faintly touched with brown on Joints 13 to 12 between the yellow lines. In another specimen there were white dorsal patches as before, but red centered, the transverse bars broken by the red, the side parts fusing into the usual subdorsal line. Stdffe T^.— Head green, mottled with red brown on a white ground over the apex of the lobes and face; clypeus green; widtli, 2.5 mm. liody green, a red dorsal line on the narrow ridge like dorsal space cducd with yellow along warts II, reaching Joint 13 and marked with l)la(kish on the thorax and Joint 12. Hairs thin, dark dorsally, white snbventrally, and supplemented by secondary ones. Later the color of the head beconu^s yellowish; dorsal band brownish red, darker on joints 3 to 5, broken by yellow in the incisures, obsolete on Joint 2, enlarged on 12 and reaching 13. Sfufje FJ.— Head bilobed, shining black, with a red patch at the apex of each lobe, slightly shagreened, the coarse setae pale; width, 3.7 mm. l5ody dull black, the warts (except I) pale brown, with central hair and tiny crown of reddish hairs, the brow)iish setae resembling the rather numerous secondary hairs. A dorsal bright red stripe on joints 3 to 11, narrowly edged with velvety black, broken broadly in the incisures, .loiut 12 black on toj), slightly elevated; feet pale. Another larva had but five stages, with the following widths of head: .3, .5, 1, 2.2, 3.6 mm. Oocoow.—" Spun up above ground, covered with small fragments of wood" (Kiley). Food plants.— Wild cherry, fire cherry, choke cherry. ACRONYCTA HASTA Guen6e. (I'lafea I, fig. 14; IV, fig. 2, iidult; XVIII, fig. 30, leg; XX, fig. 13, male genitalia.) Acronycta hasta Gukni^ie, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. 15.— Walker, Cat. Brit. Mu8., Het., 185tv, IX, p. 51. Apdtela hasta Gbotk, I'apilio, 1883, III, p. 67. Acronycta telum Gt-KNicE, Spec. Gen., Nnct., 1S.-i2, I, p. 45,— Walker, Cat. Brit. MuB., Het., 185^!, IX, p. 54. Apatela iclum Gboxe, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1883, VI, p. 571. 11 88 PROCKKniXas of the national museum. vol. XXI Ground color rather ])iih« aah gray, mottled witli anioky. Ilea*! and thorax with the UHiial lateral line. I'riiiiarieH with all the uuirkiugs fairly well detliied. Hasal line geminate, evident on the costa, and sometiincH continued to the bia«'k dash. Transverse iinterior line gem inat/e, well marked throughout in most of the speeiuiens, but occasionally becondiig faint, especially in the fenuile, and in souje instances entirely wanting. The median shade is marked obliiiuely on the costa, aii*l sometimes it is tra<'eable below that point. Occasionally it nuiy be followed for its entire ('-ourse. Transverse posterior line geminate; but the inner line is very feebly if at all defined, ami indicated by the paler included shade. The outer portion «)f the line is black, juirrow, mor<; or less lunuhited, and as a whole the line is somewhat S-shaped. There is a fairly evident subtermiiial line, which is pale and irregular, varying much in distinctnj'ss. There is a series of black dots at the base of the fringes, which are cut wil h black beyond them. There is a heavy black basal dash, which extends to the traiwvers(5 anterior line, and sonietimes crosses it into the median space, though this is rare. A narrow black dagger mark, whi(!h tends to obolescence, is opposite the cell; a more i)rominent dash opposite the anal angle crosses the trans verse posterior line in the subuiedian interspace. The ordinary spots are of the ground color or a little paler. The orbicular is irregular, somewhat oval. The reniforra rather small, kidney-shaped, well marked inwardly, but usually vague outwardly. The spots are distinctly con- nected by a black line. Secondaries in the male whitish, with a faint smoky tinge; in the female smoky. Beneath white or nearly so, more or less black powdered, the primaries sometimes a little smoky, both wings with the usual outer line and dusky discal spot. Expanse, l.oO to 1.80 inches (37 to 4;"» mm.). Habitat. — Canada in June; Maine to VVashingron, District of Colum- bia, west to the Mississippi; White Mountains, New Hampshire, iu July; Ithaca, New York, June 17; Otto, New York, July 18; Delaware iu March and May. It is probable that the range of this species is greater than is indi- (tated, but all my material is from the more northern portions of our country. The species is not uncommon in New Jersey, and seems to be not rare in Northern New York and New Hampshire. I have some thirty-odd specimens before me which show very little range of varia tioii, except iu size. On the whole, the species vesemhit^J'nrcifera quite closely, but the ground color is a much cleaner gray and the forewings are rather peculiarly mottled by smoky shadings, which are not so dis tinctly h)i!alize(l that they can be described. The markings contrast more than in /nrci/cra, and finally, the secondfiries in both sexes arc much i)aler than in the previous species. In the male they are almost white; iu the female they are not as dark as in the male ot furcifera. In the character of the head this species agrees in general with lobeliac. S M t rt V 'Vg »?tl ItV. LTlt V t IM 1 T„i-TT_ ill «-'IttllV.T_' I »7 \J H UllT.' YT il\J ITZ. V\J J tif Vt/CF tl* though comparatively somewhat smaller. The harpes of the male are tiou of the 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DYAB, 89 i;:tlier Hliorfc, distinctly coiiHtricted before the tip, ho that thin Heenig .iiliirgod aiul obli(inely roun• IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I b^|2.8 ^ as, lit - 6" 2.5 2.0 1.8 L25 114 IIIIII.6 V2 e /a % 7 ^^»/ V ^> o V/,.. m DK/-vfrvrmoTAnir» Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (7T6) 872-4503 „\^ 90 ritncEKDiNGfi or riiE national museum. VOL. XXI. entirely wanting. Such examples will be apt to fall with occidmfalis in the table, especially as the latter spacies sometimes tends to have a slight connection between the ordinary spots. The present species, however, is larger, the wings are comi)aiatively a little broader and square, the ground color is different, and the primaries are not so even as in occUhntalis. This latter species also tends to lose the orbicular, which is always distinct in the new form, and finally the very dark smoky secondaries in this species give it an altogether different appear ance. The head structure is like that of loheliar in all essential features. Tlie legs resemble those of /nrci/rra, but the fenmr is comparatively u little shorter and stouter. The harpes of the male are long, slender, and just a little enlarged before the tip. The cla8i)er is stout, the superior process moderately curved and quite heavy. Tiiere is no flnger-like process from the upper margin. Tyi)e8 are in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. Cornell University, Uutgers College, and Messrs. Graef and Doll. ACRONYCTA MANITOBA, new species. (I'lates XII, fig. 1, female adult; XVJI, fig. 21, log; XX, fig. 14, male genitalia.) Ground color a dark bluish ash gray and very i)owdery. Head and thoiax with the usual lateral line, which extends to the ends of the patagiae in this case. Primaries with all the ordinary markings trace- able. Basal line geminate, blackish. Transverse anterior line gemi- nate, blackish, outwardly oblique. Median shade extending obliquely from thecosta over the reniforra, and then parallel with the transverse posterior line, and, vaguely defined, to the inner margin. Transverse posterior line geminate, the inner line smoky, the included space white, the outer line narrowly black and a little lunulated. As a whole,' bisinuate. There is an irregular, indefined, pale subterminal line. There is a series of black dots at the base of the fringes, beyond which the latter are cut with dusky, and there is also a series of blackish rays, which extend inwardly from these terminal dots. The black basal dash is heavy and reaches the outer portion of the transverse anterior line. There is an obvious black dagger mark which crosses the transverse posterior line opposite the cell, and another hdavymark of the same character in the submedian interspace. Orbicular round, of good size, black ringed, white centered. Keniform moderate in size, kidney shaped, more or less obscured by the median shade. These spots are interiorly tied by a heavy black mark. Secondaries in the male pure white, a little soiled outwardly toward the tip; beneath smooth, only a little [)owdery, with a vaguely indicated exterior line and a better marked discal spot. Expanse, l.GO to 1.70 inches (40 to 42 mm.). Habitat.— Wimnpegy Manitoba (Hanham); Gleuwood Springs, Colo rado, July 16 (P>arnes). 1 have two males of this specie.^; one of thorn a perfect specimen, NO. 1140. NOB TH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE—SMTTH AND D YAR. 9 1 tliiough the kindness of Mr. TIanl.am; the other an electric-ligbt^- tare and a little rubbed, from Dr. Barnes. The species is very distinct and differs from anything else in the series. It is the only one with the (.rdiuary spots tied that has pure white secondaries. The peculiar clear ashen-gray color with the dense powderings will also serve to make the species recognizable. In frontal structure it resembles lobeliae. The anterior lemur of the niale is quite heavy and short, the thickest part central. The tibia has the epiphysis attached above the middle and extending nearly to the tip. The harpes of the n.ale are (piite broad and very slightly dilated before the tip. The clasper is stout and well developed, the superior process moderately curved. ACRONYCTA THORACICA Grote. (Plates HI, fig. 8, adult; XX, fig. 15, mal.i genitaliii.) Apatela thoracica Grote, North Am. Ent., 1880, I, p. 94; Papilio, 1883, III, p. 68. Ground color bluish ash gray, a little mottled with yellowish shad- ings. Head and thorax well powdered. Head with the front black marked, the thorax with the disk yellow. Primaries with the trans- verse lines tending to become imperfect, while the veins are so empha- sized as to give the species a somewhat strigate character. The basal line geminate on the costa. Transverse anterior line geminate on the costa, but beyond that vague, and in none of my specimens traceable across the wing. On the costa the line is blackish; beyond that point It has a yellowish tinge. The median shade is marked obliquely and quite prominently on the costa, and extends between the ordinary spots. Transverse posterior line widely outcurved, lunulaie, narrow, blackish, followed outwardly by a yellowish dusky shading which merges into the ground color before the outer margin. There is a series of black terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with blackish, and from which rays are sent inwardly in the interspaces. There is no sub- terminal line. The basal black line is distinct, extending through the transverse anterior line and into the median space, in one case nearly meeting the well-marked black dash which crosses the transverse posterior line in the submediau interspace. There is a distinct dagger mark crossing the transverse posterior line opposite the cell. At the extreme base of the wing inferiorly there is a patch of yellow scales. The ordinary spots are incompletely defined. The orbicular is oval, a little paler than the ground color, incompletely ringed with blackish. The reniform is well marked inwardly, kidney shaped, marked with yellowish. There is a distinct connecting line between the ordinary spots, and the narrow space between them is filled by an extension of the median shade. Secondaries whitish; in the female with a feebly developed outer hne. Beneath white, somewhat powdery, with a more or less complete outer line and discal spot. Expanse, l.(iO to 1.70 inches (10 to 13 mm.). '^1 i\ 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol,. XXI. E "i Habitat.— Tuiisou, Arizona; near Hot Springs, Las Vegas New Mexico, 7,000 feet, July. ^ ' ^ ' ^^ This species is easily distinguishable'. The distinct yellow disk ol the thorax, the yellowish patch at the extreme base of the wings and in the reniform, and the general yellowish tinge beyond the transverse posterior line are all characteristic. ACRONYCTA STRIGULATA, new species. (Plates XII, fig. 6, fe.,mle ...dult; XVIII, t\g. 26. leg; XX, lig. 16, male genitalia.) Ground color an even bluish ash gray, very finely powdered. Head and thorax of the ground color; thorax with the disk smoky, but with a yellowish tinge in the male. Primaries with the transverse maculation more or less obsolete, ami veins, being more or less white give the wing a longitudinally strigate appearance. Basal line want- ing m the specimens before me. Transverse anierior line marked on the costa by a pair of smoky lines, which are not traceable beyond their inception. The median shade is indicated by an obliijue smoky streak The transverse posterior line is very slender, blackish, lunulate, and best marked in the submedian interspace. There is a series of black terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black, and from which rays are sent inwardly. Three of these rays just below the apex are quite prominent, the third of them forming a dagger mark which reaches to and extends a little beyond the transverse posterior line. In the submedian interspace there are two of these rays, the upper of which is shaded and connected by a smoky shade with the lower, which forms a little dash and extends across the transverse posterior line at this point, nearly meeting the long basal dash, which in this case is superiorly margined by the median vein. The ordinary spots are very indefinite. The orbicular is usually white or nearly so, but is not well margined and may be entirely obsolete. The reniform is of moderate size, kidney shaped, and only marked interiorly. There is a curved black streak which indicates a connecting line between the ordinary spots, and to this point the oblique shade from the costa extends Secondaries white, with the fringes a little dusky at base. Beneath white, with a more or less well-marked outer line and discal spot. Expanse, 1.36 to 1.55 inches (34 to 39 mm.). ffabitat.—Color&do (Bruce); Glenwood Springs in July (Dr. Barnes). I have three males and two females before me which do not vary except in size, and that very slightly. The species is smaller than' thoracica and is an intensification of the characters found in that species. The practical absence of all the transverse maculation, the small size, and peculiar blue color of the primaries will serve to iden- tify this form. The head is convex without being prominent, the femur is well developed, the tibia rather slight, the epiphysis attached very close to the base, but extending almost to the tip. The harpes of the male are broad and rather short, somewhat dilated and oblique near N(.. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 93 their teriiiiiiation. The clasper is very stout, the superior process not very long, unusually broad, and only a little curved, the finger-like ]»roce8S from the upper margin longer and well developed, almost straight. ACRONYCTA VINNULA Grote, '- (Plates IV, fig. 11, adult; XVII, tig. 23, leg; XXI, Sg. 9, male genitalia.) Microcoelia rinnula Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1864, II, p. 436, pi. ix, tig. 2. Acronj/cta rinnula Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1868, II, p. 118. Apatela vinnula Grote, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 68. Ground color milky white, more or less suffused with greenish or hiteous mottlings. The disk of the thorax is quite usually dark, and sometimes the tip of the collar is almost blackish. The patagiae at the sides are also black marked. The primaries have all the ordinary markings distinct, but very variably evident. The basal line is gemi- nate and marked on the costa, sometimes black, sometimes greenish gray, or of an intermediate shade. The transverse anterior line is also geminate, outwardly oblique, more or less toothed on the veins, yet as a whole quite even in course. It may be black or greenish gray, or the inner line may be black and the outer green, or parts of both may be of either color. There is a distinct median shade running obliquely from the costa across the reniform and ^Im nee with an almost right angle to tlie inner margin. The line may be entirely greenish, or the part from the costa to the reniform may be black. The transverse posterior line is indistinctly geminate, the outer line black and distinct, a little lunulated, but as a whole wifh a very even outcurve over the cell. The inner line is well marked on the costa, but in most cases is very vague beyond that point. The intermediate space is often white marked and quite prominent, though sometimes of the usual ground color. The subterminal space is greenish and vaguely dettnes an irregular subterminal line by its contrast with the terminal space. There is a series of black terminal dots, beyond which the wings are cut with blackish. There is a more or less distinct black mark between veins 6 and 6, extending from the margin inwardly and sometimes reaching the transverse posterior line. There is a black dash opposite the anal angle, which reaches to but does not cross the transverse i)os- terior line, and which is more or less shaded with black and green. Tiiere is a distinct basal black streak, which is almost broken in the middle. The orbicular is round, or nearly so, completely defined in either black or greenish. The reniform is moderate in size, well defined in most instances, and crescent rather than kidney shaped. The sec ondaries are dirty whitish in the male, dark in the female. Beneath whitish, with the disk of the primaries mostly smoky; secondaries witli a distinct discal dot, and both wings with an outer line, which is much more defined on the secondaries. Expanse, 1.20 to 1.30 inches (30 to 32 mm.). 94 I'llOCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. ITahitat.—Gmaa& to Texas, west to tlie Mississippi Valley; New Jer- sey in June; Albany, New York, in May and June; Evans Center, New York, July; Long Island, New York, August; central Missouri in July; Texas in May, June, and July. This pretty little species is quite easily recognizable and is unlike anything else in the genus. The primaries have a peculiarly smooth, almost metallic, vestiture, on which the greenish mottlings are well defined. It varies quite considerably in the amount of contrast between the ground color and the markings, and it easily fades in the cabinet, so that fresh specimens are often quite different at first sight from those that have been kept in the collection. The front is flat, or bulges but little; the palpi are well developed and extend easily to the middle of the front. The legs of the male are normally developed, all the parts proportionate, and none of them particularly heavy. The epiphysis of the tibia is attached nearer to the base than to the middle, but extends almost to the tip. The tarsi are perhaps longer in proportion to the rest of the leg than is usual. The harpes are rather short, even, rounded at tip. The clasper is very stout and strong, forming a single beak-like structure, the edges of which are irregular and toothed. They are therefore quite distinctive and unlike anything else found in the genus. Altogether, this is a very well-marked form in all its features. I LARVA. Stage TT.— Head bilobed, rounded, a pulverulent brown patch on the upper part of the face of each lobe, reaching to the median suture. Clypeus high as usual, but the side pieces indistinct and fused with the lobes, so that only the triangular center is distinct; width, 2.8 mm. Body higher than wide, thorax thicker than the head, joint 12 scarcely enlarged. Tubercule II on joints 5 and 12 produced, prominent, all the others greatly reduced, small, and obscure, except the thoracic ones, which are moderate. Body green, a narrow subdorsal band bent up to tubercule II on joints 5 and 12, elsewhere reaching somewhat below it. A faint, straight, pale dorsal, and substigmatal lines. Prominent tubercles brownish. Warts with a central seta and crown of short ones, dark from warts I to III, pale IV to VI, with some fine, short, pale secondary hairs subventrally. Length, 24 mm. ' JFood plant. — Elm. ACRONYCTA FRAGILIS Guen6e. (Plates XII, fig. 3, female adult; XXI, fig. 7, male genitalia.) Microcoelia fmgilia GueniSe, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. 34.— Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., Het., 1856, IX, p. 31.— Grote, Proo. Eut. Soc. Phila., 1864 III p. 80.— MoRKisON, Psyche, 1875, I, p. 42. ' Bryophila spectana Wai.ker, Can. Nat. and Geol., 1861, VI, p. 38.— Grote Can Eut., 1877, IX, p. 27, pr. syn. Ground color whitish, almost completely overlaid by smoky brown scales. The head is black spotted; the collar is black marked on the N... lUO. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTVIDAE-SMITH AND DYAR. 95 disk, tipped with white. Tlie disk of the thorax is marked with smoky l.liick, iind the patagiae are bhick edged. The primaries with all the ordinary iiiaculatiou distinct. Transverse anterior line geminate, black, the included si)ace white; the lower part of the basal space is much (linker than the upper, where the smoky scales overlying the white base are rather sparse. The transverse anterior line is geminate, black, toothed on the veins, the two parts equally distinct, the intervening space white. As a whole, its course is a little oblique outwardly. Most of the veins through the median spaces are white marked, and on the internal margin is a black mark which does not (piite cross the median space. The median shade line is marked on the costa, running ()l)]i(iuely to the reniform and then very close to the transverse pos- terior line to the internal margin. It is not well marked, but a little darker than the smoky suffusion of the wing. The transverse posterior line is geminate, the outer line black, distinct, lunulate, strongly den- tate on the veins; the inner blackish and best defined by the white included space. Beyond the transverse posterior line the Aving is nearly black, relieved by a dentate white subterminal line. There is a white line at the base of the fringes, which are black, or nearly so, and cut with white lines. The basal dash is merged into the general dark shading of the lower part of the basal space. The orbicular is rounded or nearly so, black ringed and white centered. The reniform is of mod- erate size, kidney shaped, black ringed, and centered with the smoky ground. Secondaries yellowish white in both sexes; in some specimens with an obvious outer darker liiie. There is a broken terminal line, and the fringes are more or less evidently «!ut with blackish. Beneath^ both wings are yellowish white, powdery, with a more or less obvious outer line and discal spot. Expanse, 1.20 to 1.35 inches (30 to 33 mm.). //aiitef.— Canada to New Jersey, west to the Mississippi; Canar, 0,7 mm. 1 colorless, 1 joint 1-. iree setae. ["aiiit whitci ated, each dark ones A row of li; widtli, md white, e patches dark dor numerous male lar- no angles 12 a little , with fine I to III, w subdor- the end of g warts I, s^n shade to 2.6 mm, 3wn, joint :o III, the a narrow, I shaded I joint 1 -, lall. The in of the Ent. Sor., 1140. NOItTJf AMERICAN NOCTVIDAE— SMITH AND DYAR. 97 ACRONYCTA PAUPERCULA Qrote. (Plates XII, ftK.2.,nalea.lult; XVIII, r,«.2!M..g; XXI, fl^.S, inalotfenitaHa.) Apatela pauperrnla (Juotk, Proc. Ac. Nat. Hci. I'hilii., 1874, p. 197.-Harvby Bull Hull. Soc. Nat. Sri., 1875, III, p. 4.-GROTK, I'apilio, 1883, III, p. 68. (Ironnd color whitish, with an indehned reddish-luteous suffusion, the disk of the thorax sometimes marked with this suffusing color' The lateral edges of the patagiae are sometimes black. The primaries with most of the markings fairly evident; but the transverse anterior line much less defined than the others. Basal line marked on the costa by a black line, which is sometimes wanting or replaced by a pair of hiteous marks. Transverse anterior line geminate, as a whole evenly oblKiue, but more or less irregular on the veins, ft is not complete in any of the specimens before me, but is usually well marked on the •osta, and the inner line at least is marked a little below its junction with the basal streak. The median shade is marked by an oblique line from the costa across the reniform and from that point it is usually ol)solete, though sometimes traceable to the inner margin. On the costa it is blackish shaded; beyond that it is vaguely luteous. The transverse posterior line is feebly geminate, the outer portion narrow, black, more or less lunulated. The inner line is mostly defined by a ditlerence between the white included shade and the ground color of the wing. The subterminal space is irregular and variably darker, so that m some specimens no subterminal line is traceable. There is a series of black terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black. There is sometimes a narrow black streak from the transverse p(.sterior line to the outer margin opposite the cell; but this is never pi oinineut and in most instances altogether absent. The dagger mark III the submedian interspace is distinct, and except in rare instances crosses the transverse posterior line. There is an evident black basal streak which is almost broken at its middle and evidently made up of two portions. The orbicular is narrowly oblique, completely ringed by blackish or luteous. The reniform is well marked on the inside, but often somewhat vague outwardly. It is crescent rather than kidney shaped. The two spots are unusually close to each other and often touch. Secondaries in the male whitish, in the female a little darker. In both cases soiled outwardly. On the under side powdery, whitish, the primaries inclined to be smoky. Secondaries with a distinct discal spot; both wings with an outer dark line, which is much more evident on the secondaries. Expanse, 1 to 1.25 inches (25 to 31 mm.). Habitat—Texas, February, March, June, and July. This species most nearly resembles vinmila, but it has a different Sround color and differs in details of maculation. It is very difficult to describe the color difference, because it is a matter of shading and tint- nig; but there is no greenish in this species, that shade being replaced Proc. ]Sr. M. vol. xxi 7 !«' 98 PR0CEEDIN08 OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. rouxtx. f ') <. K '. m'- by a peculiar dirty reddish luteous. In this RpecieH tlio transverso anterior line in iiiucli less evident, and the ordinary spots are very close together. The n)e DYAR. 99 l>oth H, but not reaeiiinjj wart II till joints M-ll', where it widens to between warts II and III, jjradually eontractinj,' till it just covers II ou lli; narrowly eontinued to the end of the iMxIy. Ou joints M and » it is shaded with blaek centrally, no jrreen inclosed pat«rh, but a laini paler, scarcely whitish d(usal line. Warts small, several haired. Hairs blackish dorsally, pale stibven* trally, wilh a few sej-ondary ones. Some minute brownish pile dorsally. Stufir 17.— Head bilobed, narrowing.;: to the vertex, jfreen, the apices of the lobes dark chocolate brown, spotted down the face; width, about a mm. Joint 12 with a sliari> iiump, warts I and 11 iu a sijuare. Markinjfs as before throufjliout. Staijr r/f.— Ilca Inches (30 to M mm.). flaMtat.—Lo>^ Angeles, Nevada, County, and Sierra Nevada, Cali- fornia; eastern Washington; Gartield County, Colorado, 7,0()b feet (i'.ruce); Glen wood Springs, Colorado, May and September (Uarnes). J have seen 10 specimens of this species, evenly divided as to sex, iiiid very little diflference indeed between them. The species is very easily distinguished by the dark shading along the internal margin, resembling in this particular /»r«m 87- Papilio, 1883, III, p. 68. > i • ) Hyhoma tritona Grote, Mitth. a. d. Roem. Mus., Hildesh., No. 3, 1896, p. 7. Ground color very dark bluish gray, with a more or less distinctly marked fuscous suifusion. Head and thorax without distinct mark- ings. Primaries with the transverse markings mostly indoflnite. Basal line wanting or only vaguely indicated on the costa. Transverse anterior line very feebly marked, in the best case geminate, brown, outwardly oblique, a little outcurved between the veins. In many cases it is entirely obsolete. The median shade is marked by an oblique streak from the costa (srossing the reniform. The transverse posterior line is single, black, somewhat irregularly shaded outwardly, preceded by a very narrow pale line. It is rather squarely bent over the cell and incurved in the submedian interspace. A brown, smoky shading beyond tlie transverse posterior line merges gradually into the ground color, interrupted by a broken subterniinal line, which is sometimes scarcely traceable. There is a series of discal terminal spots, beyond which there is a discal line at the base of the fringes. There is a black streak at base, extending to the inner portion of the transverse anterior line. A prominent black streak extends inwardly from just above the anal angle through the transverse posterior line. This is diffusely suaded with black and forms the most prominent character on the otherwise very evenly colored wing. The ordinary spots are very feebly marked ; the orbicular is small, round, of the ground color, very faintly outlined, and sometimes scarcely traceable. The reniform is indetined, of moderate size, kidney shaped, and a little shaded with brown. The secondaries are smoky in both sexes, darker outwardly, but as a whole paler in the male. Beneath it is whitish- powdery, with very feebly marked outer lines and discal spots, which are iu tuauy cases entirely absent. NO. 1140. Expans Habitat. Vork iu Colorado. This sp rccognizal the only ] iifutly sh{ rather a i vex and bi applied to legs in th< tibia with male are < just befor ance, form projects a compared jaw is ben it can seal Dyar, I Stage Jl ous, a bro' the front produced, greener fr< distinct sp line; a sul behind, co just joiniu! joint 12, Wi Tliese linei several fro; secondary Htaoe V. tubercle oi tlie outer s 6 is the o border to t Staije VI dorsal baiK absent on, uincr alouff covering w voi^ XXI. .1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 105 Expanse, 1.36 to 1.48 inches (34 to 37 mm.). //a/n'to<.— Canada to Florida; west to the Pacific coast; central New York in May; Portland, Oregon, in May; Minnesota; Mississippi; Colorado. This species is very constant in its general appearance, and is also recognizable by the very dark, blue-gray, even ground color, on which tlie only prominent markings are the black basal streak and promi- nently shaded dagger mark close to the anal angle. The wings have rather a stumpy appearance and are thickly scaled. The front is con- vex and bulging, but hardly inflated, the palpi being rather short, closely applied to and hardly reaching the middle of the front. The anterior lejis in the male are stout, rather short, the femur a little dilated, the tibia with the epiphysis rather near to the base. The genitalia of the male are characteristic; tlie harpes are oblong, distinctly broadened Just before the tip; the clasper is corneous, broad, clumsy in appear- ance, forming a somewhat bent scoop, from the upper margin of which projects a long, finger-like process. It may be somewhat fancifully compared to the large claw of a lobster, in which the lower, movable jaw is bent to its fullest extent. The species is not at all rare, although it can scarcely be said to be very common. which LARVA. Dyar, Inaect Life, 1891, III, p. 391 {tritona). Stage JF.— Head bilobed, apical tubercle produced, greenish testace- ous, a brown line up from the eye to the apical tubercle, then down on the front a little way; width, 1.2 mm. Body compressed, tubercle I produced, and II also, on joint 12, especially so. Color yellowish green, greener from the food; a faint brown paired dot on joints 2 and 3, a distinct spot on 4-5, reaching wart II on 5 and divided by a pale dorsal line; a subdorsal dark line on joints 7-10, widest on 7 and narrowing behind, covering warts I-II, on joints 7-8, over II only on joints 9-10, just joining another spot on joints 11-12, which widens and covers all of joint 12, warts I-III and is narrowly produced on joint 13 to anal plate. Tliese lines inclose a green dorsal patch on joints 8-11. Hairs few, several from a wart, pale ; all simple, not glandular ; a number of shorter secondary ones subveutrally below the white tracheal line. Stage P"^,— Head as before; the brown shade runs down from apical tubercle on the face and inward to notch of vertex, as well as all down theouter side to eyes; width, 1.5 ram. Body green, as before. Joint 6 is the only one without any brown marks. A whitish subdorsal border to the brown band on joints 7-10. Stage F/.— Head as before; width, 2.4 mm. Body green, the brown dorsal band furcate on joint 2, widening to wart II on joint 6, suddenly absent on joint 0, beginning again at wart II on joint 7, branches run- ninflr alone- warts IF nnlv II iQInta S 11 Q altlO'lo Kr«!>/1 n...^;.. „,. jOiuL X- covering warts I and II, which are in a square, then narrowly produced 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. i it to anal plate. Warts small, green, a central long hair: subventrallv spreading from wart VI. Stage VII. •' Head meditim, flattened in front, finely wrinkled ; rosy- pink, becoming darker on the sides and merging into shining liglit brown mottled with darker spots on top; neck, under side of head and antennae light colored. Clypeus transversely wrinkled, light drab Body soft yellowish green. Two convergent black stripes on joint!' meeting on joint 3 a broad deep purplish brown dorsal stripe', whicli extends across .joints 3, 4, and r>, widening a little oi» joint 5; on joint 7 this stripe begins again, but after extending halfway across the seg- ment it splits into two lighter dull purple stripes, which diverge slightly, then run parallel, grow darkei- and approach each other, meeting on' joint 12, thus inclosing an elliptical area; the stripe becomes more pur pie in color and extends over the anal plate. Tubercles slightly raised of the same color as the surface from which they arise, most of them crowned with a short, dark, blunt bristle and surrounded with a feu- long hairs. Ventral surface, especially about the legs, with a fine white pubescence. Spiracles small, oval, black. Length, 27 mm.; breadth, 4.5 mm." (C. P. Lounsbury, manuscript.) Width of head, 3.5 mm. Sparse pale secondary hairs subventrally. Jonit 12 IS square above, sharply elevated, the anterior part of the body not compressed, and apparently dislocated by the green joint 6. Oocoort.— Composed of "earth and silk." (Lounsbury.) Food plants. —GvmhevTy, deerberry. Azalea viscosa. ACRONYCTA QUADRATA Grote. (Plates III, fig. 1, adult; XVII, fig. 28, leg; XX, fig. 18, male genitalia.) Apatela quadrata Giiote, linll. Butf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1874, II, p. 154- Papilio 1883, III, p. 114. ^ ' Ground color a light bluish ash gray, with a more or less well-defined reddish-brown suftusion. Head and thorax without particular mark- ings, except for a black line at the base of the wings. Primaries with the markings fiiirly evident, but scarcely prominent. The basal line is geminate, but verj feebly marked on the costa only. Transverse ante- rior line geminate, very evenly oblique outwardly. Transverse poste- rior line single, black, a little shaded outwardly, preceded by a paler shade inwardly and almost rigidly oblique from the costa to the hind margin, practically parallel with the outer margin. The median shade 18 brown, not prominent, outwardly bent over the costa between the ordinary spots, and then inwardly oblique to the hind margin at or near the transverse anterior line. The costal region usually more or less brown shaded, and beyond the transverse posterior line the wing is dusky, crossed by a pale, rather irregular subterminal line. There is ii brown line at the base of the fringes, which is interrupted on the veins. A prominent black basal streak extends across the transverse anterior line. There is a small black streak in the submedian interspace between so. 1 140. N the tran8V( reaching ei less black mark. Th not distinc kidney sha white in b traces of a white to sn ICxpanse Habitat- and Kansa This spe are no gre? of capture, ticiilarly in is unlike ai the ordina aiijile is ah upon the ti reach the c ably even case and s bulging an to the mid not partici strong in ] middle and tarsi. The harpes are the ordinal cess from t are now at noticeable (Plates V, fif Apatela i Papi Hyhoma i (i round ( tiiorax wit primaries evident an usually tra so. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 107 the transverse posterior line and the upper margin, and very often not reacbing either one. The space between tlie ordinary spots is more or less black filled, forming in the best cases an almost quadrate black mill k. The orbicular is large, round, of the palest ground color, and iio*^ distinctly defined. The reniform is of good size, rather narrowly kidney shaped, variably defined, but never completely so. Secondaries wliite in both sexes, but in the female outwardly smoky and showing traces of an outer transverse line. Beneath powdery, varying from wliite to smoky, with or without an outer line and discal spot. I'xpanse, 1.3G to 1.08 inches (34 to 42 mm.). Habitat. — California; British Columbia; Calgary, Canada; iN^ebraska, and Kansas. This species, though widely distributed, seems to be rare, and there are no great number of specimens in any collection. I have no dates of capture. The specimens vary somewhat iu ground color, and par- ticularly in the amount of brown that may be in the wing. The species is unlike any other and easily recognizable by the square patch between the ordinary spots. The very sharply limited dash within the anal aiijile is also characteristic, because it does not in any instance trench upon the transverse posterior line, while in most cases it does not even reach the outer margin. Another characterestic feature is the remark- ably even transverse posterior line, which is scarcely sinuate in any case and sometimes nearly straiglit. The head is distinct, the front bnl,ni»g and a little inflated; the palpi are very well defined and reach to the middle of the front at least. The legs are strongly built, but not particularly prominent; the femur is quite moderate, the tibia strong in proportion, with a small epipliysis situated just above the middle and yet reaching'to the tip. Somewhat unusually short, stout tarsi. The male characters resemble those' of occidentalism but the liarpes are rather broader toward the tip; the clasper is distinct, with tlie ordinary curved upper hook and a short, rather stout pointed pro- cess from the middle of the upper margin. Four males and one female are now at hand, but I have compared others which did not show any noticeable differences. ACRONYCTA RADCLIFFEI Harvey. (Plates V, fig. 9, larva; VI, fig. 10, larva; XII, fig. 4, male adnlt; XX, fig. 17, male genitalia.) Jpatela radcliffei Hakvey, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1875, II, p. 270.— Grote, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 114. ITyhoma radcliffei Grote, Mitth. a. d. Eo'^m. '"US., Hildesh., No. 3, 1896, p. 7. (iround color is of a very even, pale ' h ash gray. The head and tliorax without obvious markings. The veatiture and coloring of the primaries is very even and smooth. The ordinary markings are all evident and nanallv wp.ll iiuirkpd- Th« hnsal litiA is o-eminaf-o j.nnlrTr usually traceable from the costa to the black streak. The transverse l*i- 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. if .1 to ?"f \ VOL, XXI. anterior line is geminate, outwardly obliqii^Bran~(l^ath^r~^^^^n~m inner portion of the line is black, the outer smoky. The transverse posterior line is geminate, the outer portion black, the inner smoky .„,! hardly distinct, mostly relieved only by the included pale shade Th.-re 18 a slight brown shade Just beyond the black portion of the transverse posterior line, and as a whole it is quite evenly bisiuuate. The median shade 18 feebly marked by an obli.pie shade on the costa. There is i very vague, undefined, somewhat paler subterminal line and a series o'f smoky terminal dots. The longitudinal black streak at base is (lis- tmct and very neatly marked, extending through and a little beyond the transverse anterior line. The dagger mark opposite the anal an.ie 18 also very neatly defined and crosses the transverse posterior !i„e torming a distinct p,si. The ordinary spots are of goo.l size, incom- pletely ringed, a little paler than the ordinary ground color; the orbicular round or oblong; the reniform kidney shaped. Secondaries white m the male, but becomi'ig smoky outwardly in the female Beneath powdery, primaries smoky, secondaries almost white with a more or less d on the costa only. The transverse anterior line is narrowly geminate, bliick, a little outcurved to the middle, where it is distinctly drawn in, iiiid again outwardly oblique below to the inner margin. In most ciLses the line is more or less indistinct. The transverse jmsterior line is geminate, the outer portion of the line black, rather even, only a little drawn in in the submedian interspace. It is accompanied by a brownish shade, which is perceptible but not easy to locate. The inner portion of the line is smoky and not very distinct, best marked by the jiale intermediate filling. There is a more or less evident, but hardly defined, subterminal line, which is paler than the ground color and somewhat diffuse. There is a narrow black line at the base of the fringes, which are cut by the broad, smoky shades. The median shade is more or less smoky, forming an oblique, blackish shade from the costa through the reniform, there bent and running inwardly as a smoky shade, reaching the internal margin at the transverse anterior line. Any portion or the whole of this shade may be absent. The basal black streak is well marked and has a short spur from the middle inferiorly. A black streak extends inward from the outer margin above the anal angle, and reaches the transverse posterior line just above vein 2. There is a shorter black dash extending nearly to the snbterminal line. The ordinary spots are fairly defined; the orbicular round or nearly so, outlined in black scales, within which is a pale annulus and a center of the ground color. The reniform is of mod- erate size, kidney shaped, inwardly marked by black scales, then by an almost complete pale ring, the center being of the ground color. Sec- ondaries white in the male, outwardly smoky in the female. Beneath, more or less powdery, sometimes smoky in the male. Secondaries with a more or less evident discal spot and outer line, which is fre- quently wanting in the male. Expanse, 1.28 to 1.40 inches (.32 to 35 mm.). Habitat. — Texas in May; Garfield County, Colorado, 7,000 feet; Denver, Colorado (Bruce); Kansas. Six males and two females are before me, and I have seen others. Tlie species is a distinct one, and while it very closely resembles /a^cwia in all essential characters it is yet quite easily separable from it. Tiiere are none of the red shades which occur in the more Eastern species, and the details of the markings differ quite obviously. One of the most prominent points is in the fact that there is a short streak above the second vein instead of the usual simple dagger mark. This gives quite a different character to that part of the wing and makes the species an easil^'' reco^'nizable one. The front is convex but 'i" 112 PROUEEDimiS OF THE NATIONAL MVSKVM. p : ▼W.XX! hardly protnherant, the palpui^well developed ^ncf roach to the mi.i: dh, o the tront or oven a litfh, above. The a,.terior lefjH of the ma e are Hlender, the femur a little dilated at the base, the epiphysis of tt t b a «.tuated well toward the base. The har .e« of tl.o „mle t ' obIon^^ even, and evenly roun.led at the tip. The elasper in rat Ir .sh3Mder, w.th a short poi„te.l, beak-like tip. Frcn the middle of h upper umrgin m a m.iderate, pointed, straight process. ACRONYCTA REVELLATA. new species. (Plate XXI, ««. 10, mule «eiiitalia.) Oround color a bluish ash gniy. Head and thorax without special markings. Prunar.es with the ordinary n.aculation fairly wellddb Basal Ime brown gen.inate, nu.,rkewdcrv Expanse, 1.50 to 1.00 inches (37 to 40 mm ) Jr-I'ltl'M* """ """*'" *'* ■•«l"««™t<"l "' "'0 seric before ,„e, mm,,. It has much tlie same ground color ,,„d much the sau.,, patten, oppoMte tbe anal angle much more pron.inent and heavier than in anv s^^ecimen of ,,™.« that I have seen. The head i, small, weU a ™ I, fre from Sf :f ""'.''"■'''i-^.' ""' """'^ '"■'«'"*-'^ *« ^"'P' T 188, p (■round ( somewhat i markings. the costa or and more o obsolete; ai; shade is ii obliquely be single, prec It is out war and less soc line. A ser tliiise are cu extends thn lower side aiijile extent and quite in piomiuent; gioiiiid coloi si/e, kidney brown shad smoky towai niaries smol dis(;al spot i Expanse, Habitat. — central New This is qn: It is very co; Proc. ▼OI.UI, o the mid ■ the nialo mn of th(! luule ai(! is rather tile of tho NO. 1140, NORTH AM KUlCAJf NOCTUIDAK— SMITH AND DYAR. 113 111)' clu8per small, beaklike, and a little twisted. The specimens before iii(« hIiovv practically no variation, and tyi>eH are in the collection U. 8. Niitional MuHeuin, Kntgers College, Mr. E. L. Graef, and Dr. William lliirnes. The forelegs of the male are well developed, the femur long, (lihited at the mid(l. lies trace- the costa, the inner ibuiedian the basiil ly shaded iuH 3 and ned sub- ss of the 1, beyond distinct, Btiny the iches the pur iufe- i acconi- lie fairly blackish marked h tinge; owdery, marked alorado, fore nie, than in pattern ek das! I I in any applied istinct, harpes >uuded. ACRONYCTA ORISEA Walker. (I'liit«B III, lig. », « mm. IJody whitish, sides of the eervi- cal shield brown. Three dark red-brown j)atches on joints 4-6, H-\) a,„i 12, covering tubercle I on joint 4, on the rest reaching to tubercle li- on joint 32 tubercles 1 and 11 nearly in line; the patch is lighter brown and extends forward on joint 11. Warts with a long hair and a few short ones, wart IV as large as any, VI present; on joint 12, II his more hairs than elsewhere. Warts c<.iiical, concolorous with the mark- ings. Later a whitish subdorsal band appears between warts I and 11 partly broken by the brown i)atclie8. ' iitag,^ ///.-Head square bih)bed, pale greenish, a brown oval ring mark on each side, which is produced inward and joins its fellow at the vertex; width, 0.7 mm. Ho.ly as before, wart I'l with three or four hairs, smaller than wart 1. -S', where it be^jins, wide on 10 to ver wart I, and oc(ni)yin}' ni(»r(^ narrowly the entire length of Joint 1 1. Brown spottings on the sides, especially around the spiracle and wart VI. Warts snuiU, I on Joints r» to 8 and I and II oii 12 slightly produced. Ilnirs short, sparsis black from I to III, the rest white, tv o to t» n 1i urs on a wart. Secondary hairs nearly absent; only one oi two can oe distinguished on a segment subventrally. Spira- cles white, with narrow hhivk border. There is a form which is " pale brownish with a llesh tint, but agreeing in all its markings with the ';TvM,,i form" (Kdwanls and Mlliot). Food plantH.—Ai)\\\ii, birch, willow, elm, arrowwood. ACRONYCTA CONNECTA Qrote. (Plat.,.a r... i.^ac «Kc.«.,„^ . ^ »• ■ ~ ^' -'X -- .•,•••» i^<7-.7 ^-f^/o^ Ml tr , the orbicular, when traceable, is round or nearly so, more or less marked 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. a 'I by blackish scales and centered with brown; the reniform quite large, kidney shaped, defined inwardly by black scales, but outwardly difluse. It is shaded with reddish, which extends a little beyond it and shades into a whitish space following the interval between it and the transverse posterior line. Secondaries smoky, paler at the base; in the female with an indefined discal spot and outer line. Beneath whitish, pow- dery, all wings more or less evidently marked with an outer line and a blackish discal spot. Expanse, 1.25 to 1.40 inches (31 to 35 mm.). 7/a/nte/.— Canada in August; Staten Island, New York, in July; Washington, District of Columbia, in August; Illinois in July. This species is quite easily recognizable by the blackish shade which extends through the wing below its middle, from the base to the outer margin. It differs altogether from /MH6'mi/,s, because tlie shade does not reach the internal margin, and is indefined, shading gradually from smoky into the ground color. The wings are rather narrow, the outer margin a little obtuse. It varies in the depth of the dark shading, and sometimes becomes rather confusedly nuirked throughout. The vesti- ture is a little rough, and under the lens the sciiles are seen to be dis- tinctly elevated. The head is rather small, the front convex, but not bulging: the palpi are well develo])ed but do not reach above the front. The legs are rather slender, the femur hardly dilated, the tibia long, with the epiphysis slender and inserted quite close to the base. The harpes are broad, somewhat abruptly narrowed from the under side to a rounded tip. The clasper is very stout, gradually narrowing to a coarse, beak-like process, giving rise on the upper margin to a stout, long, slightly curved process. Ft has a distinct resemblance in this respect to. /«Hrm/u-, although the lower process is altogetiier dii- fereut in its character. LARVA. Stage F/.— Green foiiu: " Mead witli a red stripe at each upper side, reaching from vertex and pointing toward ocelli, diminishing in size and becoming darker toward tip. Body largest in tlie middle, joint 2 somewhat suddenly dei)ressed from side view; dark green, a broad subdorsal sulphur yellow line" covering tubercle II and just passing outside of I, "and a faint subobsolete pale stigmatal one; sparsely covered with long white hairs." Tubercles I and II "jet black, eacli giving rise to about one black hair. Joint 2 with two black markw, parallel, bent t: t right angles outward at the front end." (Riley mauu script.) Brown form: "Carneous, the dorsum bluish and margined each side with deep yellow. Dorsal trapezoidal spots with a pale bluish annulu- tion. Under a lens the body is covered with extremely fine elevated si)eckles, especially on dorsniiu .Joint 2 with two elho'.vp.d liises, d ing in front. Dorsal warts with black hai spiracles black." (Riley.) divcrg Venter inmiaculate. Head and si the rest long and light. VOL. XXI, quite large, rdly difluse. and shades J transverse the female tiitish, i)ow- V liue aud a k, in July; uly. hade which ;o the outer shade does [liially from ^, the outer lading, and The vesti- i to be dis ex, but not above the (1, the tibia o the base. the under narrowing largin to a tnblance in gether dil- ipper side, iug in size die, joint 2 1, a broad St passing ; sparsely dack, eacli ck marks, iley maiiu I each side sh annula e elevated es, diverj: and light. NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE- SMITH AND DYAR. 117 Cocoon. — "Larva eats into wood, where it cou.4truct8 a cocoon." (Kiley.) Pupa. — Smooth, light brown, regularly tapering; abdominal segments coarsely i)un(!tured on the anterior third ; wing cases slightly shagreened. Creniaster flat, thin but wide, the lateral margin produced into a wing- like plate, blackish on the edge, smooth. Posteriorly the margin is tinted aiul double. Hooks slender, pale, recurved at tip, the upper one on each side on top of the plate, the lower three on each side in a row situated between the two fluted rims. Food plant. — Willow. ACRONYCTA BRUMOSA Guenie, (Plates XIII, fig. 1, female adult; XVII, fig. 30, leg; XX, fig. 21, male genitalia.) Acroni/cta britmona Gukni^;k, 8pec. Gen., Noct., 1852, 1, p. 52. — Wai.kkjj, Cat. Brit. Mns., lilt., 1856, IX, p. .')9.— IU'tlek, Ent. Amcr., 1887, III, p. SQ^pcraiiaaa, Acronycta imphia Wai.keu, ('at. Brit. Mus., Het., 1856, IX, p. 57. Acronycta aubochrea Groik, Bull. Buff. See. Nat. Sfi., 1874, II, p. 1,53. Apatela aubochrea Gkotk, Can. Ent., 1875, VII, p. 227, pi. i, fig. 10.— Biitijbr, Ent. Amer., 1887, III, p. ^6—impieta. Ground color very dark, powdery, ash gray. The vestiture on the primaries elevated. Head with a transverse black line in front, collar with a blackish line inferiorly ; the balance of the head and thorax black ])()wdered. The wings are mottled with smoky brown, which obscures the ordinary markings. The basal liue brown, geminate, complete. Transverse anterior line brown, geminate, tending to become indis- tinct below the middle; as a whole oblique outwardly. In some dark specimens the line becomes black instead of brown. The median shade is brown, best marked on the costa, where it extends oblhjuely into the reniform, is there bent at nearly a right angle and then runs almost upright to the internal margin. The latter part of its course is very largely obscured, and sometimes altogether wanting. Transverse pos- terior line geminate, the inner line oidy a little marked, the included space paler and lunulate; the outer line consisting of a series of black lunule.s, and as a whole being denticulated on the veins. It is very nearly parallel with the outer margin and only a little sinuated. The subterniinal line is pale, irregular, broken, and difHuso. The terminal space is crossed between the veins by black streaks, opposite which tUe fringes are cut with blackish. There is a brown shading below the median vein from the base to the transverse anterior line, but no dis- tinct basal streak. There is a S'lnilar shading opposite the cell, and another opposite the anal angle, taking the i)lace of the ordinary streaks, which in some cases may be faintly traced. Between the transverse anterior and median lines there is a black streak Just above the internal vein. The ordinary spots are traceable, of good size, but not proraiiient: tl>e orbicular round or nearly so, black ringed: the reniform large kidney shaped, obscured by black scales. Secondaries |5l 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. i yellowish white in the male, smoky yellow in the female. Beneath yellowish white, powdered, with the usual outer line and discal spots, more or less well marked. Expanse, 1.28 to 1.60 inches (32 to 40 mm.). i?aWw pale line : broken by ;he inferior le male are 1 before the ler close to arly equal, . unusually i very long )ward base mcommon. • short and No.n40. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUtDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 121 LARVA. Lk Baron, First Rept. 111. State Entom., 1871, p. 52. — Martkn, Trans. Dept. Agr., 111., 1880, XVIII, p. 131.— Cowuillktt, Papilio, 1881, 1, p. (J.— Saunders, Ins. Inj. Fruits, 1883, p. 166, figs. 174, 175. Stage II. — Head white with four black dots on each lobe, one on the side, one on the eye, and one beside the clypeus ; width, O.G mm. Body white with dark brown patches dorsally on joints 2, 5, 8-1), and 12. Warts black; a narrow, white dorsal line. The warts bear a long seta and bushy crown of small hairs with enlarged ends; a few secondary hairs. Joint 12 with warts I and II in a square. Stage III. — Head white with black spots as before; lobes pointed; width, 0.9 mm. Body white, the warts all black, pointed conic with ;i crown of hairs, thickly covered with short secondary hairs with enlarged tips. Dorsum broadly streaked with dark brown, cut by dorsal and subdorsal wliite lines. Hairs black and white. Stage IV. — Head bilobe«l, whitish, a large mottled black patch below the vertex divided centrally, one over the eye, and another close to it beside the clypeus; width, 1.7 mm. Body greenish witli a series of dark dorsal segmentary patches. Warts dark, those on tlie sides nar- rowly so. Primary and secondary hairs much as before. Stage V. — Head dotted with black down the face, cut across the mid- dle by a pale whitish band; apices of lobes pale brown; width, 2.5 ram. Body green, a chocolate brown dorsal stripe reaching wart II, narrow on joint 13, but reaching the anal plate, broadened on the cervical shield. Hairs few, black and white. Stage VI. — Head brown at the ai)ices of the lobes, shading into pink- ish below, mottled with black spots, especially on the front angles and in a triangular patch on the ocelli, sides and labrum nearly white; Avidth, 3.7 to 4 mm. Body higher than wide, joint 12 angularly ele- vated, pointed; soft green, a narrow, rather faint, yellow subdorsal line just below wart II borders a velvety, brownish black dorsal space, narrowed at the incisures of joints 5 to 11 and a little at joint 12, con- tinued very narrowly to the end of the body, widened on the cei vical sliield. Spiracles white with black rim. Olaspers of feet pinkish. Warts low with only two or three hairs, I to III black, IV to VI pale, only one hair from IV, many short ones trom V and VI. Some pale secondary hairs subventrally. The dorsal hairs are long, though sparse. Food plants. — Sugar plum, apple, birch, mountain ash. it A: 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. NO. tUO. ACRONYCTA SPINIGERA Guente. (Plates XII, flg.T), female adult; XVII, fig, 26, leg; XX, flg. 1», male genitalia.) Aeronycta apinUjera Gi;en^:e, Spec. Gen., Tsovt., 1852, 1, p. 45,— Walker, Cat. Brit. MuH., Het., 185(5, IX, p, 55,— Smith, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Muh. No. 44, 1893, p. 39. Apatila spinigera Qrotk, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 39; Bull, U. 8. Geol, Siirv 1883 VI p, 572. ' ' ' Apatda harveijana Guotk, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi. Phila., 1875, p. 418; 111, Essay, 188i, J). 39, npini{/era Walker in part. Ground color a very pale aaheii gray, with a slightly yellowish tinge. Thorax with a smoky line near the tip, and a more or less obviou.s smoky margin to the patagiae. Sometimes a smoky line crosses tlie front below the antennae. The wings have the vestiture slightly elevated, and there i.s a considerable covering of smoky scales, which occasionally darkens the wing. The ordinary markings are well writ- ten. The basal line is distinct, geminate, and usually reaches to the basal dash. The transverse anterior line is brown or black, distinctly geminate, and as a whole outwardly oblique, very little irregular. The median shade line is well marked over the costa, extending obliquely into the reniform. From that point it runs a little inward to the inner margin, but is much fainter, and in some caces altogether wanting. The transverse posterior line is geminate, the inner portion very faint and sometimes scarcely marked, the intervening space whitish, the outer line black, lunulate, and more or less denticulate on the veins. As a whole it is squarely bent over the cell and deeply incurved oppo- site the anal angle. There is an irregular, diffuse, subterminal line, which is pale and variably marked through the terminal space. There may or may not be a series of blackish spots, most evident toward the apex of the Aving. There is a series of terminal dots, beyond which the Triuges are also marked with dusky. There is a slender black streak at the base, extending to the inner portion of the transverse anterior line, but not across it in any specimen that I have seen. Just opposite the cell there is a black line which extends from the subter- minal line inward, and indents the transverse posterior line, but does not cross it in any of the specimens before me. A slender black line extends inwardly through the submedian interspace and across the transverse posterior line at that point. The ordinary spots are well marked and of moderate size; the orbicular round or nearly so, black ringed, sometimes with a smoky center; the reniform kidney shaped, distinctly black ringed, with a more or less well-marked smoky center. The secondaries are smoky in the male, a little paler at base; in the female more dusky throughout. Beneath whitish, powdery, the prima ries often a little smoky on the disk; both wings with a more or less obvious outer line and discal lunule. Expanse, 1.50 to 1.80 inches (37 to 45 mm.). Eahitat. — Maine to Texas; west to the Mississippi? New York in Juuej Wisconsin; Kansas City, Missouri, May 22. VOL. XXI. ale genitalia.) KER, Cat. Brit. 44, 1803, p. 3{». iurv., 1883, VI, 11. Essay, 188-, owish tinge, less obvious crosses the ure slightly cales, wbich re well writ- iclies to tli(! k, distinctly gular. The ig obliquely to the inner er wanting, n very faint vhitish, the n the veins, urved oppo rminal line, ace. There toward the youd which snder black transverse seen. Just the subter le, but docs [" black line across the >ts are well ly so, black ley shaped, oky center, •ase; in the , the prinui- lore or less >wr Vr»rlr ii> NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 123 This species is recognizable among those with the elevated vestiture by the very neat black dashes and the general distinctness of the markings. It is thus easily differentiated from pruiii, which is its nearest ally, and than Avhich it is also a little larger. Mr. Grote never positively identified the ftpinUjera of (iuen^e, and generally specimens of .ryliniformis have been marked in collections with this name. ]\Ir. (liote mentions, however, that in the Hritisb Museum there is a speci- men of Jiarveyana under a spiniyera label, and therefore Mr. Walker's spinU/era has been cited to harvcyana as a synonym. As a matter of fact, Guen^e's description leaves no doubt that Walker was right in his identification, if indeed the name was not really attached by Guence himself. The description fits this species completely, and fits nothing else; therefore I believe the British Museum specimen to be correctly named. The anterior leg of the male is unusually developed ; the femur is very stout and abruptly narrowed toward the tip. The tibia is short, stout, ami the epiphysis is very small and inserted at just about the middle. The head is moderate, a little convex, but not bulging, the palpi easily reaching to the middle of the front, and sometimes nearly to the vertex. The harpes of the male are broad, quite regularly nar- rowing toward the tip, where they are rounded. The dasper is stout, of moderate length, the upper process unusually strong and curved. I'rom the middle of the ui)per margin is an upward, finger-like process of moderate length, and dirccjtly opposite on the lower margin is an irregular, knob-like structure, which is furnished with a few little bristles. This species does not seem to be a common one, and I have no very large number of specimens for comparison. ACRONYCTA PRUNI Harris. (Plates IV, fig. 4, adult; VII, figs. 22, 23, larva; XVII, fig. 27, leg; XVIII, fig. 8, palpus; XX, fig. 20, uiale genitalia.) Aeronycta pruni Harris, Ent. Corrosp. 1869, p. 313, pi. iv, fig, 13.— Smith, Bull'. U. S. Nat. Mu8., No. 44, 1893, p. 44. A2mtela clarescf.iis (inoTE, in li.sts and coll. — Harvey, Bull. Buflf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1875, III, p. 4. — BUTLKK, Ent. Amer., 1887, III, p. 36, an sp. dist. clarescena Gueni^o.— Smith, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas., No. 44, 1893, p. 44, pr. syn. Ground color a pale whitish gray, more or less black powdered and a little tinged with a greenish yellow in well-marked specimens. Head with a blackish line below the antennae. Thorax with a blackish line Just below the tip, and a little tuft of yellow scales on the disk Just behind the collar. This tuft is very distinct in the males, but has a tendency to disappear in the females. The primaries with the vesti- ture elevated, and the markings all more or less indistinct and obscure. Uasal line geminate, blackish, Avell marked on the costa, and generally to the basal streak. Transverse anterior line geminate, blackish, out- aiUiy UUnqitc, it iillJC uuLt^Ui veil lix lilt; iin.l;i optivCa, ILuMiiij^ iv !,'\.-„iJi>t^^ obsolete below the basal streak. The median shade is marked on the 124 PROCEEmNC.S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vouxxt. |4» i i II f t costa and extended into the reniforni; but below that point it is very vaH:iioly indicated, in some 8pecinien,s traceable as a brownish shade td the internal niar^nn. Transverse posterior line gemiiiate, the inner portion iisuuliy more or less. obscure and a little denticulate on the veins; the interveninjr space consists of whitish hinules. There is an irre{?ular, pale, subtermlnal line, beyond which the terminal space Is marked with bhu^kish between the veins, and a little dart extends inwardly opposite the cell, indicating the ordinary blaiik streak at thiif, point; but this is quite usually wanting, and the streak is never dis- tinct. There is a basal black streak which extends through the trans- verse anterior line aiul is shaded beneath with blackish. A dagger mark extends through the transverse posterior line and reaches The outer margin above the anal angle. Tills also is accompanied by a diffuse blackish shade, usually above the streak. The ordinary spots are of moderate size, not very well defined, more or less completely outlined by black scales; tlie orbicidar is round or nearly so, of the ground color; the reniform is kidney-shaped and may be a little marked with yellowish. The secondaries are dirty whitish in the male; more smoky or yellowish in the female. Beneath, the wings are powdery, the primaries with the disk smoky, secondaries with a distinct discal spot, both wings with an outer line which is much more distinct on the secondaries. Expanse, 1.40 to 1.72 inches (35 to 43 mm.). Jrahitat.—l^ova Scotia, southwest to Texas, west to Kansas; Ne- braska; Central New York, May to July; New Jersey, May and June; Texas, March 15 to 28; Kansas, in May, This species is, in most instances, easily distinguishable by the little tuft of yellow scales just behind the collar, combined with the elevated vestlture and the general pattern of the wing. In the female there is a tuft of hair-like scales, varying from yellow to black, visible between two of the segments near the tip of the abdomen. As a rule these hairs are yellow ; but they may vary all the way to blackish. It is the only instance known to me of a character of this kind in the genus, and I have not, unfortunately, examined a fresli specimen to study the char- acters closely. Judging by the dried specimens it seems probable that the insect has the power to extend these tufts, one of Avhich is clearly set on each side of the middle on the upper surface. The tufts arc between the sixth and seventh apparent dorsal segments. The legs of the male are moderately developed, the femur quite even and not at all dilated; the tibia stout and short, with a small epiphysis situated above the middle. The whole structure, therefore, is entirely unlike the closely allied siriimjera. The harpes are moderate in length and strongly dilated at the tip, which is round, and the clasper has both angles produced, so that it becomes somewhat fork-like, the lower angle being longer than the upper. Prom the upper margin is a slen- der, straight process of moderate size. As a whole, the species is a very well marked one, and resembles nothing as closely as itself. NH 11«0, VOL. xxr. at it is very iH]i shade to e, tlie inner ilate on the There is an lal .space is lart extends reak at that 8 never (lis- [h tlie trans- . A dagger reaches tlie pauied by a linary spots completely ly HO, of the ittle marked male; more re powdery, tinct discal tinct on the wansas; Nc- y and June: t)y the little he elevated lie there is a ale between these liairs is the only 3nus, and 1 y the cUai- obable that h is clearly le tufts are The legs of and not at lis situated rely unlike length and V has botli the lower n is a slen- pecies is a ;self. Nu. 114U. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAli— SMITH AND DTAR. 125 LARVA. Hauris, Ent. Oorresp., 1869, p. 313, pi. IV, flg. 13 (prwnt).— French, Can. Knt., 1895, XXVII, p. 332 {»pini(iera), Staffe TIL — Head sharply bilobed, light green, with three red-brown l)ands on each lobe, the first with an angle above reaching nearly to (lie vertex of the lobe; second short, lower down; third on the side, long furcate below, one branch covering the ocelli ; width, about 1.3 mm. r.ody light green, a dark-brown dorsal band reaching to wart T, inclos- ing wart II on joints T), H, !). Dorsal warts on Joints .'i to 7 high, on joints 12 also high, especially wart II; I and U in a square. Hairs rather numerous, dark from warts I and II, the rest pale; softer sub- ventrally, with a few secondary ones. A faint i)ale subdorsal line. Sfaf/e IV. — As before; width of head, about 2 mm. There is now no inojecticm on the dorsal band at joint 5; it contains a pale dorsal line. Stage V. — Head greenish on the dypeus and sides, face of the lobes pink, banded as before, the spaces tilled with brown mottling so as to obscure the jMittern; width, about 3 mm. Body hunched up at joints .'i-T, 12 sharply elevated, especially at wart II. Wart I on Joints 3 to 7 and 12 and II on 12 are elongated; the others low rounded, all with a small crown of hairs. A few soft secondary liairs laterally and sub- ventrally. Sides green, Avith a whitish cast below, white dotted. Dor- sal band brown, with pale central line, and pale yellow borders not (juite contiguous to it; broad on Joint 2, only a double line over wart 1 and joint 3 to 7, suddenly widened to wart II on joints 8-9, Just covering wart I on joints 10 to 12, continued to anal plate. Dorsal hairs dark. Sta(/e VI. — Green form: "Bright green, the lateral tubercles scarcely discoloring the sides, slightly yellowish green. A dorsal dark reddish- purple stripe, nearly as wide as the head, on the anterior part of joint 2, about half as wide on 3, narrow on 4 to 7, expanding in two ellipses on S and 9, the rest of the way narrow. From 2 to back of tubercles on 3 the stripe is bordered on each side by clear white, colored a. little with jiTcen on 8 and 9, with a faint greenish central line. Head rosy red, whitish on the sides, with three rows of black spots." (French.) The brown form is the more common. Head with clypeus green, the lobes mottled with black and red on a white ground, the lines broken into patches of segregated dots; width, 3.8 mm. Body clear velvety j;reenish brown. Dorsal band vinous brown, conspicuously edged on joints 2 and 3, with white; very narrow and passing above tubercle I, then broadened to II on joints 8-9, reaching over I on joint 10, and mottled with salmon color, vinous on joint 13. Tubercles I on joints 3 to 7 and I and II on 12 are ])roduced, red; "the others small, coucolor- ous. Hair black; a central hair and crown of small ones around it; a lew secondary hairs subventrally. Spiracles white, with black border. Length, 30 mm. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOXJL MUSEUM. VOU XXI. Coeoon.-Viivt\y bored In soft wood and formed <,f silk and chips ,.f Pupa.-Utd.hnmu, smooth, shining, abdominal sogments taperlne coarsely densely pun..t..red on the anterior third, mostly in the poste' nor half of the in.dsures; wing cases grooved and shagreened. Ore n.aster low, ronnded, sessile, not scnlptnred nor dirterentiated from th.- pupa m color ; two long spines on either side, scarcely curved, crossing ea<,h other at the tips, smooth, blackish, the two ,)airs remote, probably corresponding to the lower row. Length, 20 mm. Food plants.— A\,iAe, mountain ash, wild cherry, cherry, plum. Group PERSUASA. The species referred to this group agree perfectly in the form of the male genitalia, and difter sharply from any species in any other gronp The clasper is broad, nearly flat ami corneous, but is not separated' from the side piece or harpe, being united by its superior edge to the u.ferior edge of the membraneous structure. We get thus the appear- anceof a pair of unusually wide harpes, abruptly narrowing near to the tip, and infenorly much more highly chitinized. From the upper margin of the clasper there arises at the tip a stout, slightly curved beak-hke process, and from the middle of the upper margin comes a hnger-l.ke process which is usually longer, much more slender, and a little curved or bent. ' Superficially the species are much alike and tend, in appearance, on the one hand to s,>pemns in the lobeliae group, and to hamamelis in the group of that name on the other. The priinaries are trigonate, widening quite evenly, the inner margin not greatly shorter than the costa, and the outer .,uite evenly arcuate to the rectangular tip. The maculation is suffused and obscured by the elevated scales, which leave no lines or dashes distinct, and the on y prominent bit of ornamentation in all the species is the white or pale gray, round orbicular, in which there is always a smoky central dot Affltctam recognizable by being very dark smoky or black, with all the markings broken up and only vaguely traceable. The white orbicu ar is the only distinct feature in the primaries, which are nar- rower than in any other species. P^rsmm is larger and broader-winged, of a dark ash gray, mottled with black shades. These shadings are really the difftse ordinary streaks and an oblique shading from the costa between the ordinary spots. The secondaries are white, with soiled veins and outer margin ih the male, a little smoky in the female. ^ittcrata vesemhles persuam quite closely, but it is of a clearer gray with the darker suffusions more even, and a strigate character to the shadings. The secondaries are white in both Hexes, those of the female sometimes soiled on the veins. VOU XXI. and (thips of ts taper! np, II the postc 3ene(l. Cnv ted from the 'ed, croMsiiiu te, probably plum. NO. 1140. NORTB A MERWAK NOCTUIDAE—SMfTn . I V/» l> TAB. 127 w ir 1 i form of the •ther fjfroni). fc separated edge to the the ap[)eiir- »«• near to 1 the iipi)er tly curved, fin coiiieH a ider, and u iarance, on nelis ill the iier margin ily arcuate jscured by !t, and the le white or entral dot. k, with all riie white ih are uar y, mottled I ordinary ! ordinary er margin irer gray, iter to the ;bc female Marmorata \h the odd Hpecies in thiw group, and wliile the markings iUiosite the anal cell is quite obvious. The arrangement of shadeg iind tints gives the wing a somewhat marbled appearance which makes ir easily recognizable. There are no Euroi)oan species known to me that belong to this yroup. ACRONYCTA AFFLICTA Grote. (Plates I, lig. ir>, iidult; V, ligs. 1, 2, larvu; XXI, »«. lit, malo >ronitiilla,) Aoroiiyrta afflicla Qiiotk, rroc. Eiit. Hoc. I'hilu., 18til, II, p. 138, \tl. i\, tig. 1; Trans. Am. Kut. Soc, 1870, III, p. 17!». Apatela afflicia Packard, KoreHt Insects, 1890, p. IBM. Hyhoma affl,lvta Ghotb, Mltth., a. HulJiision of smoky in Mm, outer part of tli.- «««'ondarie«. The.se form« run into eadi other, however, in 8ucl. a way EH to make it impoHsible to believe tliom to l»eeven varietien, muchleHM Hpeeu's. Tlie liead i« distinct, ratlier lar^e, the palpi well deveh.ped and reaehinj; to the middle of the front, whieli is only a little convex and not at all l>ul,(in«:. The fore lejf is very stout, the femur is much thickened, abruptly narrowed toward the tip, where it is iuferiorlv excavated to receive the tibia. The tibia is stout, the epiphysis inserted beh.w the middle and reaching' to the tip. The tarsi are quite stout and rather short in proportion to the rest of the lej,'. The nmle charact«;rs are as deserilxHl for the section. The corneous part is 8 mm. C'ocoow.— "Webbed up between leaves." (Riley.) PMi)a.— Slender, tapering, light brown, shining, abdominal segments sparsely finely punctured to the posterior border ; wing cases sliagreened. Cromaster low, rather wide, rounded, coarsely wrinkled, blackish; upper hook slender, proie(!ting backward and bent downward, lower hooks stout, two on each side, divergent, shortly recurved at the tips. Length, 15 mm. Food plant. — Oak. ACRONYCTA CLARESCENS Guen^e. (Plates III, flg. -A, iKlult; XII, (ig. II, female adult; XVII, lig. ai, leg; XXI, fig. 27, male genitalia.) Aoronyota rlareaecna Gijeni;:k, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, 1, p. 54.— Walk kr, Cat. Brit MuN., Het., 185«, IX, p. 60.-BuTLKn, Ei.t. Aiaer., 1887, III, p. 36, hamamelis. Apalda hnesUata Grotk, Hull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IHS'J, VI, p. 575. Lepitoreuma haraitata Ghote, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 112. (Ground color an even ash gray, sometimes with a faint suggestion of a yellowish shading. Head usually with a dusky line in front; collar with a dusky line at base and sometimes a smaller line just below the tip. Primaries with all the markings quite well distinguished. Basal line geminate, smoky, marked on the costa only. Transverse anterior line geminate, smoky or blackish, almost evenly oblique, a little out- curved between the veins in some specimens. The inner portion is usually a little better marked and sometimes black; the intervening space usually of the ground color; but toward the middle of its course it tends to become filled with smoky or blackish scales. Median shade line marked on the costa, but usually becoming less until it reappears in some specimens below the reniform. It is then very feebly marked and smoky, running parallel as a whole to the transverse posterior line. The transverse posterior line is geminate, the outer portion of the line black, the intervening space whitish, the inner line smoky and sometimes hardly traceable, the outer more or less broken, usually very narrow, but sometimes composed of lunules and quite distinct. There is a more or less evident pale subterminal line, beyond which the ter- minal space is darker and sometimes black marked. A series of terminal black lunules is preceded by a paler line, and the fringes beyond it are cut with smoky. There is a basal black dash which as a rale does not reach the transverse anterior line— in fact, in the over thirty specimens examined by me it does not reach the line in any case, ^here i.s a fairly evident dagger mark extending from the subterminal line in the submedian interspace, inwardly through the transverse posterior line; but this may disappear entirely in some specimens. A vouxu lorsalline, irk. liost 'arts vfiry I. Several lit on the segnients agreened. blackish; ird, lower ; the tips. NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUWAE— SMITH AND DYAR, 141 fig. 27, male I, Cat. Brit. manelis. gestion of ut; collar below the J. Basal 3 anterior little out- (ortion is ^ervening ts course an shade eappears y marked posterior ortion of fioky and ally very 'j. There 1 the ter- series of B fringes liich as a the over my case, terminal ansverse lens. A rthorter dagger mark extends inwardly from the snbterminal line lietwecn veins 5 and (5, but does not in any case reach the transverse posterior line. In some specimens there are traces of a claviforin. Ordinary Hi)OtH fairly evident; the orbi(!ular large, round or oval, gen- tially i)aler but with a dark center; reniform upright, large, a little constricted at the middle; it may or may not be marked with yellowish, and irf some cases there is a slight yellowish tinge through the cell. Secoi'daries smoky in both sexes, hardly darker in the females. IJcneath yellowish, more or less powdery, with an outer line and discal spot variably marked. Expanse, I.'JO to 1.(50 inches (30 to 40 mm.). llahitat. — Canada to Arizona and Texas; New Hampshire in May; Kittcry Point, Maine, in June; Massachusetts in May; central New York in ilune. Mr. Butler has referred this species to hamamclis Guenee; but he has evidtntly confused what Mr. Grote separated as haesitata with the true hamameUs. Guenc^e's description of darmcens ap])lies perfectly to haesitata, and this author pointed out very clearly the difterence between this species and his hamamelis. This species seems also to iiave been bred by some collectors from larvae which they did not dis- tingnish from those of hamamelis, and the contention is, as a rule, that the species are the same; but there are a series of characters which always suffice to separate clarescena from any hamamdis that I have over seen. In the tirst place this species is always a paler ashen gray. It is always more smoothly and evenly marked, and is never so com- pletely obscured by the dusky powderings. The transverse anterior line is never completely filled with dark scales, as is the rule in hama- mdis. There is an approach, however, to this in some specimens, where the line becomes emphasized in the middle of its course. In hamamelis I have not seen any specimen in which there was a dagger murk through the subterminal line in the submedian interspace, while except in one instance this dagger mark is evident everywhere in darescena. In general structure there is no difference as compared with the other species; but the anterior femur is rather more dilated toward the base than is usual, and there is a rather abrupt narrowing toward the base; otherwise it agrees with the other species. ACRONYCTA HAMAMELIS Guen6e. (Plates II, figs. 1, 2, 3, adults; XII, lig. 12, female adult; XVIII, ttg. 9, palpus; XXI, fig. 28, male genitalia.) Acronycla hamamelis Guenke, Spec. Gen., Noct., 1852, I, p. 52.— Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., Het., 1856, IX, p. 59.— Butler, Ent. Amer., 1887, III, p. 36. Lejntoretima hamamelis Grotb, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 112. Hyhoma hamamelis Grote, Mitth. a. d. Roem. Mus., Hildesh., No. 3, 1896, p. 7. Ground color a dirty ash gray, more or less overlaid by black scales, which are prominently uplifted. Head quite smoky and almost always with a more or less evident black band crossing the front. In pale 142 PROCEEniXaS of the NATIOXAI MrSEVM. vomxi. N«. 1140. mm fli speciiiioiis there '\n a black l)aiul between the antennae. CoUar with ii black band at base anU another near the tip. Patagiae bla«!k powdered. The priinarieH have all the niarkiiiKu evident. The ImHal line Is Konii nate, black, and usually reaches to the middle ot the wing. The trans veiHe anterior line iw geminate, black, the two psirts e(jnally well marked, the intervening space more or less dusky. As a whole, it In very even, and slightly oblique from costa to inner margin. Th.- meduiii line is usually marked on the eosta, and in the best cases extends obli(iuely to the reniform, below which it is again marked as a smoky shade line to the inner margin, running a little oblhiue inwardly and somewhat lunulate. The transverse posterior line is geminate, black, scjuarely bent over the cell and as squarely bent in below. The outer line is usually even and rather more distinct than the inner, which is usually lunulate, in strong contrast to the general rule. Th(« intervening space is perhaps a little paler than the ground color, but not contrasting. The subterminal line is more or less evident, in all cases very irregular, pale, detlned by blackish or smoky shadings, whi(;h are more prominent in the terminal space than before. There is a series of black terminal lunules preceded by a lunulate pale line; the fringes are cut with smoky. The basal space is more or less black HIUhI, and there is visible an indetined black line from the base to the transverse anterior line, which is not prominent and does not indent the trans- verse anterior line in the least. There are no dagger nuirks beyond the transverse posterior line. In some specimens, usually where the base is dark, there is a very distinct dusky shading, somewhat tri- angular in outline, beginning in the submedian interspace Just inside of the transverse posterior line and broadening to the outer margin, so that it includes all the space between veins 2 and 6. This Is not present in all specimens however, and is, as stated, usually associated with forms iu which there is a tendency to a dark basal space. The ordi nary spots are evident and sometimes I color, but [lent, in all IngH, wln(!h 3 is a series the fringes : tilled, and transver.si! the trans- fks beyond where the lewhat tri- JHSt inside marjyin, so lot present liated with The ordi irbiciilar is r than the n is large, , and more i'ith a more I, powdery, he base of . in June; lunej ceil- ueverthe to consist n any real the entire I this none NO lUO. NORTH AMF.RTVAX NOCTUTnAE—SMITn AND DYAR. 143 of th(> MiarkingH are prominent, and the elevated scales are distinctly visible. Another nuiy become slightly paler thronghout, except for the lines and other markings, and in such cases there will be more (;oiitrast and the nuiculation will be more distinct. The tendency is to the Ibrmation of a band over the transverse anterior line. Tlu< two parts of the line are unusiuilly well separated arul <|uite even, tiie space hctween them blackish. The lower part of the basal space also tends to become powdered, and sometimes the entire region is more or less shaded. In such cases the mere or less r througli- L'. Of the eight specimens before me seven were collected by Mr. Doll, who says that ho finds the pupae very early in spring. The species is not by any means a common one, and is but rarely represented in collections. It may be that it is sometimes taken and discarded as an undersized hamamelis. One specimen has a very dark smoky ground color, with a faint greenish tint that is quite characteristic, but other specimens iire much like the average run of hamamelis, except for the size and nar- row wings. There is nothing characteristic in the structural details. ACRONYCTA RETARDATA Walker. (Plates II, fig. .% adult ; XII, fig, 14, female adult; XXI, fig. 29, male geaitalia.) Miciocoelia retardaia Walker, Can. Nat. «fc Geol., 1861, VI, p. 38.— Gkote, Cau. £nt., 1877, IX, p. 26 = dj«8ecruni, from which also xyliniformis and its allies can be drawn in a different direction. All these forms are long winged and tend to a lanceolate type, the median linesbecoming strongly dentate. NocUvaga, sperata, emaculata, impressa, and distans are smaller 8])ecies, very similar in type of maculation, with short, obtuse, trig- onate primaries, and an evident tendency to the connecta-alni type of maculatiou. Luteicoma and illita are long and rather narrow-winged species, the outer margin of primaries being oblique, rounded, and with the apices a little marked. The ground color is ash gray, and the maculation is only a little darker. All the transverse lines and the ordinary spots are traceable, though broken; but there are no longitudinal streaks, dashes, or shades, and no tendencies to a strigate type of maculation. Illita is from the Kocky Mountain region, with the piimaries much darker and the secondaries much lighter than in the Eastern luteicoma. ;l 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi.xxi. a\ i I l4 In the latter there is a distinct luteous shading, especially well marked in the secondaries, of which there is no trace in the former. Sperata, emaculata, distana, impresm, and noctivaga have short, stumpy, trigonate primaries. All of them have a distinct, round orbicular, a very large, smudgy reniform, all the transverse lines distinct, and a more or less obvious median shade line. iS^erato, which is of a very pale ash gray, has no other markings, and even what there is does not contrast. It is an inconspicuous, powdery form, and recognizable thereby. Emaculata is quite as powdery, but very much darker, so the black lines do not distinctly contrast. It has added a black, shaded streak at base, a black claviforra, and a dusky shade near the anal angle. Distans is much paler gray in ground color, hence the black lines hm\ markings contrast more decidedly. The markings are as in the pre- vious species, but the shadings below the submedian vein are more diffuse and prominent, and usually darken the wing from base to anal angle. There is often a break, howeyer, between the claviform and the transverse posterior line in this dusky shade. As a whole the prima- ries are narrower and more pointed, and on analysis the resemblance to alni becomes strongly evident. Impressa is broader winged and has the apices of primaries less marked. It is a clearer gray form, with all the markings distinctly written, and there is no continuous dark shading through the lower half of primaries. In the female the transverse anterior line is always distinct, while in distans it is almost always broken and obscured. Din- tans and impressa are very closely allied, and I would scarcely have cared to separate them on imaginal cliaracters had not Dr. Dyar noted a dift'erence in the larvae, which gave additional value to the points above noted. With extremes at hand, no difficulties can arise, nor if there is a good series of each form for comparison; but with a small number of variable specimens it may not be easy to decide as to the species. Noctivaga is sharply defined by its mottled black and white appear- ance. The ground color is white, or nearly so, and all the lines, spots, shades, and dashes are black and ditfuse. The secondaries are dark smoky, and altogether this form is hardly to be mistaken. All the other species are more or less strigate in their type of macula- tion, and this is particulirly tiue of barnesii, perdita, and edolata, in which the primaries appear blackish. Barnesii and perdita have the primaries evidently trigonate, though with a long, evenly curved outer margin and acute apex. Barnesii is paler in ground color, but all tlie transverse maculation has disappeared, while of the ordinary spots the reniform is sometimes traceable as a smoky lunule. The wing as a whole seems darker inferiorly, owing to a prominent black shade, which extends through the submedian interspace from base to anal anole, Ferdita has the primaries more uniformly blackish, but both the vol- XXI. ell marked rt, stumpy, >rbicular, a aud a more rkings, and s, powdery the black ied streak angle. i. lines and n the pre- I are more a/se to anal 'in and the blie prima- isemblance laries less distinctly the lower } is always red. Din- cely have )yar noted the points rise, nor if th a small ) as to the te appear - les, spots, 3 are dark 3f macula- edolata, in I have the •ved outer 'Ut all the spots the mng as a ide, which an yle. both the N(i.1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUWAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 149 ordinary spots are traceable, and the transverse posterior line may be made out as a somewhat paler, bisinuate shade. Edolata has the primaries narrower and more nearly equal. The ' transverse posterior line is easily traceable and is very strongly den- tate. The strigate marking is fully developed here and besides the black line in the submedian interspace there is another through and extending outwardly beyond the cell. E.rtricata and xylini/ormis are ashen gray species in which the stri- gate type is not so strongly developed as to obscure everything else, and where the transverse maculation is at least more obvious. Extricata is somewhat larger, and darker bluish gray. The trans- verse anterior line is not well marked in most specimens, sometimes absent, and the transverse posterior line is strongly denticulate. There is a distinct tendency to an angulated, median shade line, which, indeed, is sometimes distinct and complete. A long basal dash, a streak crossing the transverse posterior line opposite anal angle, and a black streak below the ordinary spots in the cell emphasize the streaky appearance. Xyliniformin is a painfully variable species; not because it can be confounded with anything else, but because, with a few specimens from well-separated localities, it allows itself to be so prettily divided into two series. It is ash gray in color, sometimes so densely black pow- dered that all the markings are obscured and sometimes so sparsely that it seems much lighter in ground color, and all the maculation is evident. Large, dark, and powdery specimens sometimes resemble extricata, but always diifer by the absence of a longitudinal black basal line. The dash opposite the anal angle is almost always distinct, and usually crosses the transverse posterior line, though it rarely forms a well defined psi. The ordinary spots are usually distinct and always traceable. Oblinita and lanceolaria agree in the very pale gray primaries, which are narrow, long, and sublanceolate. The head is a little more sunken than usual, and there is a distinct tendency to a short tongue, more marked in lanceolaria than in its ally. Oblinita, is rather smaller in average expanse, much more i)owdery and streaky in appearance, with the median lines so far as traceable very strongly dentate. Lanceolaria is much more evenly cob ired, and has a very smooth bluish tinge over the white ground. The transverse posterior line, which is the only one obvious in my specimens, is very even, hardly con- trasting, and accompanied by a paler shade itiwardly. Insolitais unknown to me, but is associated in wing form with oblinita by Mr. Grote. It is also given the more sunken head and other char- acters of the series, diftering by the black primaries. iliumb and forefinger held so as to form an acute angle, the finger or 150 PROCEEDING!? OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. longer process up. The variation is in the proportion of these parts to each other, the tendeiujy in our species bein{>: to the disappearance of the thumb and to tiie formation of a single, long curved hook similar to that in tlie first or (tmericana group. In the stumpy-winged series sporata is, on tlie whole, the most typ ical, with the thumb well developed, stout, and pointed at tip ; the finger of moderate length, more slender, and easily curved to the pointed tip. Emaculata strengthens the thumb and shortens it a little, while the finger is much lengthened, becomes much stouter, and is nearly straiglit to an abruptly pointed tip. Bistans and impressa intensify this struc ture, the thumb being perhaps a little longer and the finger a little shorter. Noctivaga, on the other hand, loses the thumb almost completely, the finger remaining much as in sperata. Of the strongly strigate species, barneHii is like itperata, with the thumb greatly strengthened, but the proportions not much changed in other respects. Perdita is similar, but here the finger is also strengtii- ened, though it becomes shorter. In edolata the thumb is much reduced, forming, indeed, a mere beak or spur, while the finger is very long, slender, and curved. This type is also found in all the other species of the group, the tendency to lose the thumb becoming absolute in oblinUa, which then may be confused with the group americana at first sight. Unfortunately, I have had no male of hmceolata. Of the European specimens referable to this group, I know auricoma, rumicis, eiiphorhiae, myrica, and menyanthidis, all belonging in a genenil way to the stumpy-winged form. Euphorbiae in sexual structure is almost identical with spcrata, and the species resemble each other very closely. Myrica bears the same relation to euphorbiae in genital structure that noctivaga does to sperata, and here also the European and American species are very close structurally, while totally difterent in superficial appearance. Myrica is a very dark, evenly powdered, ashen gray, on which the ordinary markings are easily traceable, though they are not prominent. Auricoma and rumicis represent the form found in impressa, our species stamling almost midway between the two h^uropean forms in structure and resembling both superficially. We have nothing resembling menyanthidis, in which both finger and thumb are long, slender, and curved, the thumb distinctly longer and a little up curved. Here we have a very distinct tendency to the alni type, which is not much contradicted in superficial appearance if we eliminate the peculiar black shading of the latter There is nothing in the Euroi)ean species known to me which resembles our narrow- winged species. Abscondita, of which I have only a single specimen, resembles euphorbiae and will probably have similar sexual ci5aracter= Ligustri has sexual structures totally unlike anything else in the genus and should be excluded from it even on superficial characters. )mpletely, the low aurtcoma, J in a genenil NO. 1110. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 151 Mejiacephala is also unique and utterly unlike anything represented III the American fauna. There is nothing to contradict its reference to ! cioiiyctii, however, though I am at a loss as to how the structure could have been derived frouj anything known to me. ACRONYCTA ILLITA, new species. I'liilt's XI, fig 12, femalo adult; XVIII, Hg. 22, leg; XXII, fig. 1, malo genitalia.) ( I round color a dirty ashen gray, very powdery. Head and thorax w itliout distinct markings. Primaries with all the markings obscured. I'yio^iil line geminate, black marked on the costa only. Transverse iiiitorior line geminate, smoky or blackish, as a whole oblique, more or less outcurved between the veins. The median shade line is marked by an oblique dash on the costa only. Transverse posterior line gem- iiiiite, lunulate, the inner line hardly defined; the outer broken, com- ])(»sed of smoky or black lunules, the intervening space a little paler. Subterminal line pale, rather vaguely defined, broken, followed by a series of black lunulate marks. There is a series of black terminal (lots, before which the terminal space is a little paler. A few black St ales indicate a basal, longitudinal line, and there is a feebly marked line above the anal angle, extending from the transverse posterior linei to the outer margin. The ordinary spots are very obscure, of moderate si/e, the orbicular a little oval, centered with dusky; the reniform large, uieoniplete, more or less kidney-shaped, dusky, with a very pale central crescent. The space between the ordinary spots is paler than the rest of the wing. Secondaries soiled whitish, the veins a little dusky. Beneath white powdered, with a more or less obvious discal spot, but in the specimens before me without an exterior transverse line. Expanse, 1.70 to 1.88 inches (44 to 47 mm.). Habitat. — Denver; Glen wood Springs, Colorado, July. Four specimens, not m the best of condition, are at hand. Three of them are males, the fourth is a female, with one pair of wings only. The species looks, at first sight, like a very dark luteicoma and resem- bles that species most nearly. I believe it to be distinct, however, and the very dark-powdered primaries, with secondaries in which there is no trace of yellow, give the creature a very distinctive appearance. The head is well developed, the front convex, buo hardly bulging, the l)alpi closely applied to the front, and reaching the middle. The legs are well proportioned. The anterior leg of the male has the femur rather slender, the tibia large in proportion, the epiphysis inserted at about the middle and scarcely reaching to the tip. The harpes are moderate, and narrow slightly to the tip, where they are rather evenly rounded. The clasper is slender and strongly curved toward the tip, the inferior process very short and blunt. It is more than probable that this species is not rare in its range. \ i 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. ACRONYCTA LUTEICOMA Grote and Robinson. (Plates I, fig. 5, adult; VI, Ar. 16, larva; XV, fig. 18, head; XVITI, fig. 23, leg; XXII, flg. 2, male genitalia.) Acronyota luleicoma Ghotk and Kohinson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soo.,1870, III, 179 pi. II, fig. 83. '' Pharelra luteicoma Guote, Mitth. a. d. Roem. Mm., Hildesh., No. 3, p. 7. Groniul color a dirty, powdery asli gray, with a more or less well marked yellow tiut. The collar is usually a little dark at tip, and the patagiae often have a dusky margin. Primaries, with all the markings traceable, though not prominent. Basal line geminate, black or black- ish, usually reaching to the middle of the wing. Transverse anterior line geminate, outwardly oblique, outcurved between the veins. The median shade when best marked extends obliquely from the costa across the reniform, then makes an acute angle, and extends obliquely inward to the middle of the internal margin. Between this and it« entire absence all intergrading forms are found. Transverse posterior line geminate, the inner line incompletely defined, the outer smoky or blackish, lunulate, the included space whitish and ahso lunulated. As a whole, the line is somewhat S-shaped. The subterminal line consists of a series of more or less connected white spots, outwardly margined by blackish lunules or dashes which do not reach the outer margin. There is a series of black terminal dots. There is no trace of a basal black line. In some specimens there is a blackish shading just below the snbmedian vein, between the transverse anterior line and the median shade. The ordinary spots are of good size, the orbicular irregular, round or oval, defined with black scales and with a dusky center, the reniform large, kidney-shaped, outlined by black scales and shaded with dusky. The secondaries vary from soiled whitish with a yellowish tinge to smoky yellow, those of the female being as a whole the darker. Beneath whitish powdery, sometimes with a vaguely defined outer line and more usually with a discal spot. . Expan.se, 1.50 to 2 inches (38 to 50 mm.). i/aiitof.— Canada, southward to Georgia and Texas, west to the Cen- tral States. Maine in June; central New York in June; District of Columbia, April and May; central Illinois in August; Texas in Febru- ary; I California. In my catalogue I have also recorded the species from Colorado, and Portland, Oregon. It is more than likely that these localities refer to the preceding species; but I do not have the specimens at the present time to refer to. Dr. Dyar records the larva from California, but points out a difference which may really indicate a good species. This is the largest and narrowest winged species in this group, which has no tendency to a lanceolate type. The primaries are subequal and the outer margin is rouiidly ol)lique, leaving the apex just a little acute. Two forms are distinguishable, depending upon the amount of yellow suffusion. In the one" case the secondaries are almost white in NO. 1140. tlie male i second se tlie femah bred fron even a g iioticeabk of the tw< tliis speei tlie femur sliorter ii which it e cies; the inferior pi ol' the coi TlIAXTl Stage I. 0.4 mm. 1 vieal shie^ of diffuse, tliree hair single-hail Stage L white line wiiite, the sparse on Stage I reddish; ^ rently so i white in normal, bl thick and Stage I with whiti sal row of line below and white, and two s subdorsal Wiirt II or Stage V ging abov iis before, bUick joint 12, become st pies at thi ; a s VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. NORTH AMKRICAX NOCTUWAE—SMTTn AND PYAR. 153 the male and have only a slijflit yellow HutiuHion in the female. In the second series the males are as dark as the females of the first, while tlie females are distinctly darker. Unfortunately both forms have been hied from the same lot of cateri)lllars, so that this does not point to even a good variety. Th<' ditferenee indeed is not {?reat, and is not noticeable, excejjt with a good series of specimens, where the nnissing ot the two forms increases the apparent diflf'erence. In head structure tills species is like the preceding, but the legs are decidedly stouter, tlie femur particularly being very heavy, while the tibia is stouter and shorter i^ii proportion. The epiphysis is situated nearer to the tip, which it ea.^ily reaches. The harpes are much as in the preceding spe- cies; the clasper is long, moderately slender, not much curved; the inferior process is distinct, acute, and somewhat beak-like. This is one of the common species. LARVA. Thaxteu, Papilio, 1883, III, p. Iti. Stage I. — Head blackish testaceous, whitish above the mouth; M'i«lth, 0.4 mm. Body greenish, with black warts bearing long, stiff hairs. Cer- vical shield and anal plate blju^kish. On joints 5, 8-9, and 12 a series of diffuse, brown, dorsal patches. Warts without 8ubi)rimary ones,- three hairs from la + lb, on thorax, and from 1 on abdomen ; otherwise single-haired. tStafje II. — Head bilobed, brown-black, shining, labrum white, and a white line on each side of the clypeus; width, 0.,nnatal lines, the foruMT brok, 0.6, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, and 4.8 mm. Co6'»on.— Formed between leaves, composed entirely of silk, firm. Pmjw.— Cylindrical, the posterior fixed ab(li,minal segments abruptly tapering; posterior margins of the segments with smooth, shining, slightly elevated rims. All coarsely wrinkled, the abdominal segments in front thickly covered with large (!onical elevations; cremaster tapering, con(!olorous, with a bunch of dense, numerous, stiff bristles projecting backward. Color, blackish brown. Length, 18 mm. Food plants.— B\Yc\\, apple, walnut, oak, willow, poplar, elm, choke cherry, cherry, linden, ash. ACRONYCTA SPERATA Grote. (Plates II, fijr. (5, adult; VHI, figs. 31, 32, larva; XXII, fig. 3, male genitalia.) Jcronyota aperato Guote, Bull. BiiflF. Soc. Nat. Sci., 1873, I, p. 81, pi. n, fig. i. Arctomyscin aperata Grote, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 113. Pharetra speraia GaoTE, Mitth. a. d. Roem. Mus., Hildesh., No. 3, 1896, p. 7. Ground color a dirty, powdery ash gray. Head and thorax without definite markings. Primaries, with all the markings, smoky and rather obscurely defined. Basal line geminate, marked on the costa only. NO. 1U0. Transverf little out* ill most o its middU tiie medin posterior paler; th< little sini liroken, i shaded w is a broke iue no sti rather coi the renifo tilled. T: in the fe ries some Expaii!' Hdliittd ('olorado and June In my States, M so great i The 3p niaries, it spots stai aries of tl of the her The ante abru])tly rather shi situated 5 to the tip The on scnted in the medic there is n rather shi inferior p rather stt curved; t little cur) PaCKA! Stage T of clypeu you XXI. nd Nhuded iu;h MMleof k, sliiiiin^^ 12 a iittit' Ntri^OHely beconiiiif,' w, broken, tlie forincr liu middle, hose from lino trans k tuftH of diverf>ent 1 Joint 12; on o, I t() oni III ou Ijje of tlio e, but the ety brown lie; 8pira ties; loiiij' ixed wirli lor of new darker in K Venter 1 l)ersisfe(l following c, Ann. i abruptly , shining, iSegments creujaster flf bristles m, Ini, choke tnitcilia.) II, fig. 1. 6, p. 7. X without lid rather »sta only. N.i. 1U0. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMJTH AND DTAR. 165 Transverso anterior line f;eminate, sHjfhtly ontcnrved as a whole, and a little oiitcurved between tho veins. The iiiodian shade line is distinjt ill most of the speeimeiLS and almost upright, (rrossing the wing near its middle, and a little bent outwardly on the median vein. Beyond it tln^ median space is usually darker than toward the base. Transverse posterior line geminate, the inner line vague, the included space a Mttle piiler; the outer line more or less lunulated, often broken entirely, a little sinuate, and nearly parallel with the outer margin. There is a i)iokon, pale subterininal line, beyond which the terminal apace is sliaded with smoky spots which do not reach the outer margin. There is a broken terminal line, and the fringes are cut with smoky. There are no streaks or dashes. The ordinary spots are distimit, darker, and rather contrasting. The orbicularis smaller, moderate, black-ringed; the reniform is large, kidney-shaped, incompletely outlined, but dusky tilled. The secondaries are white in the male; outwanlly a little soiled in the female. Heneath whitish, more or less powdered, the seconda- ries sometimes with a discal spot and traces of an outer line. Expanse, 1.20 to 1.40 indies (30 to 35 mm.). Ihibitat. — Canada to District of Columbia; west to Illinois; Missouri; (Colorado (?) ; Massachusetts in May and June; central New York, May and June; Illinois in May. In my catalogue I have recorded the species from the Northern States, May to August; but the specimens now before me do not show so great a range. The species is quite easily recognizable by the pale, dirty gray x>ri- niaries, in which all the markings are obscure, and only the ordinary spots stand out in dusky relief, contrasting with the clear white second- aries of the male, which are only a little soiled in the female. The front of the head is liat, the palpi reaching scarcely to the middle of the front. The anterior leg of the male has the femur rather dilated at middle, abruptly narrowed to the tip. The tibia is stout and proportionately rather short, while the tarsi are long and slender. The epiphysis is situated at the middle of the tibia or a little above, and does not extend to the tip. The only variation that occurs in the species, so far as it is repre- sented in tlio specimens before me, is that sometimes the wing beyond tiie median shade is darker than it is toward the base, and sometimes there is no apparent difference. The harpes of the male are broad and ratlier short, a little acutely rounded at the tip. The clasper has the interior process almost as long as the superior. The superior ])rocess is rather stout, reaching nearly to the tip of the harpes, and only a little curved; the inferior process is almost as long, acute at the tip, and a little curved. LARVA. Packard, Fifth Eept. U. S. Coram., 1890, p. 628 (Apaida sp,). Stage VII. — Head slightly bilobed, shining red brown, the sidepieces of clypeus yellowish; width, 2.8 mm. Body slightly enlarged at joint i 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. :4 J: VOL. IXI 12, wnrt IV HmuII. PinkiHh or orefttny brown, more or leRR mottird with blarkish Hhades, eMpocially in a broken dorHa! band, m«t. 1140. ▼Oi.IXI lew mottlod i»^K">e»tarily ilea. A rod lerul reddish own oiien at I hairs ftom t. Another the rod Hub. g tllU UHllill tie patches, lominal seg- bove; quite inkly. Onv ill u dense, H<. 1140. NOSTM AMEMCAN NOCTUlDAE-SillTn AND DYAR. 157 XXII, flg. 6, •1. IX, flg. 3.— , 1«96, p. 7. — (JuoTK and JUTLKH, Eut. ), and inol- ice. Head across the igiae black 8 have tlio alar blacli )ace white, e, strongly The entire itirely suf >tween thc- 3, startinj- is running iterior line d into the uate, with nai line is )y a series (if intersimcial black Mpotw in the terminal space. There Is a series of black terminal s|)ors, preceded by a white terminal line, the fringes being cut with black. The ordinary spots are diHtlnttt, darker tlian Die rest of the wing. The orbieular is small or mmlerate in size, round, iilack ringed, and usually with a dark center, which, as a rule, fills the entire space. The reniform is large, indefinitely outline*!, kidney shaped, and tilled with black. Beyond the transverse anterior line a black pattdi extends to the median shade Just above the submedian vein. Just above the anal angle a black patch extends from the transverse posterior line to the outer margin. Hecondaries smoky, paler in the male, more yellowish in the female, with u slight brassy reflection. ISeneath yellowish, powdery, with a more or less broken outer line and discal spot. lOxpanse, 1.32 to 1.50 inches (33 to 37 mm.). Habitat. — (Janada, .Inn to August; Massachusetts and New York, May and .lune; Washington, District of Columbia, in May; central Illinois, July 17; New Mexico; Portland, Oregon, April and May; Colorado. The species is widely distributed and probably ocijurs over nearly the entire United States. A specimen before me, not in the best condi- tion, from New Mexico, indicates that possibly there may be a similar representative species from that region. It is easy to recognize this insect by the very strong contrast between the white ground c(dor and the black lines and blotches, which give it a striking appearance. There is little variation except in the extent of the black blotching. The front of the head is slightly convex, the head itself a little retracted; the palpi distinct and reaching to about the middle of the front. The anterior leg of the male has the femur well developed, rather evenly enlarged toward the base; the tibia stout, with the epiphysis short, inserted below the middle and reaching to the tip. The harpes are moderate, obliquely rounded at tip; the clasper, arising from an oblique ridge, is single, pointed at the tip, and a little curved. There is a very slight indication of an inferior process, but practically we have a single curved hook. LARVA. Thaxteb, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 15.— Packakd, Fifth Kept. U. S. Ent. Comni., 1890, p. 460. Stage I. — "Head brown; body rather stout, not tapering, greenish white; dorsal portion of joints 2, 5, 8, 9, and 12 red, the rest more or less tinged with red, sparsely clothed with long blackish hairs." (Thaxter.) Stage II. — " Head dirty red, greenish anteriorily ; body dirty green- ish; segments distinct; dorsal patches dull reddish on superior portion, the other segments, except 10 and 11, suffused with red, somewhat thickly covered with tufts of stout black hairs." (Thaxter.) Stage III. — "Head dark blackish; joint 12 ciiiiirgcd; much darker than before, the red color becoming dark wine color, somewhat thickly 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. J II J J \ i- I mottled and suffused over the dorsal portion of all the segments except 10 and 11. Sublateral and ventral portion light green, except on aeg meiits 2 and 4, wiiich are tinged with red. A whitish lateral line. Warts black, hairs stout, black; those on joint 11 shorter than the others." (Thaxter.) iStage I T.— " Head blackish, with a yellow V shaped mark; body dull black above, yellowish beneath ; a yellow lateral (subventral) line. The yellowish dorsal (subdorsal) patches on joint 11 on which the hairs are short. Joints 3-5 and 12 hunched up." (Thaxter.) Stage r.— "Black above, deeper anteriorily. A distinct yellow band beginning on joint 5, running. |ust below the stigmata, which are white, contrasting. Feet yellow, prolegs black; dorsal patches on joint 12 brighter; otherwise as before." (Thaxter.) Stage F/.— Subventral "band orange colored; a broken yellowish stripe on the base of legs; two (sub) dorsal orange spots on joint II and sometimes a pair on joint 10." (Thaxter.) Stage 7JI.— Head slightly bilobed, shining browu-black, sutures of clypeus, labrum, and antennae whitish; width, 3.3 nun. Body dull black, obscurely shaded and mottled. A broad obscure, diffuse, red substigmatal band (V) and a faint spot on joint 11 in front of wart 1. Warts large, hair bristly and bla(!kish from warts I to 111, softer froni IV to VI ; wart IV very small; tufts of tine featliery hairs from warts I to III on joints 5 to 10 and 12, dark gray, in some examples so few as to be hardly noticeable. Cocoon.—" Between leaves." (Thaxter.) Food plants.— FoTplAv; also various low plants. ACRONYCTA EMACULATA, new species. (Plates XIII, fiy. 2, male adult; XXII, fig. <», male genitalia.) Ground color a bluish ash gray, which is almost entirely overlaid by smoky scales, particularly in the female. The head and thorax are strongly powdered with smoky and black, without forming distiiKt markings. Primaries with all the markings traceable, but hardly prominent. Basal line geminate, black. Transverse anterior line gem inate, the outer line black, the inner smoky, almost upright, as a whole a little outcurved between the veins. Median shade almost upright, a little oblique from the costa through the reniform, and then close to the transverse posterior line to the inner margin. Tlie transverse posterior line is geminate; the inner line smoky, the outer black and a little den tate on the veins, included space of the palest ground color. As a whole the line is rather squarely bent over the cell, and strongly incurved below. Beyond this curve is a dusky shading, and the sub terminal space as a whole is a little darker than the rest of the mug. Subterminal line whitish, broken, irregularly followed by bla(;k nuirk.s ... !!,si ..!i,^.i,4>„^v,o. aUcic 13 i* acnus ui turiuiuai black marks, and the fringes are cut with dusky beyond them. There is a somewhat inde VOL. XXI. iients except X'ept ou Sep lateral line. :er than tlie k; body (lull 1) line. The the hairs are yellow band !h are white, ou Joint 12 m yellowish I on joint 1 1 I, sutnres of Body dull ditt'use, red t of wart I. softer from ioin warts 1 es so few as HO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAB. 159 a.) overlaid by thorax are ug distinct but hardly orlinegeiM , as a whole t upright, a close to the se posterior ii little den )loi\ As a d strongly id the sub f the wing. la(!k marks ks, and the swhat iude- fined basal black streak, below which the space is blackish. An oblique black mark extends from the transverse anterior line to the median shade Just above vein 1. The ordinary spots are not well marked, though visible. The orbicular is round, moderate in size, ringed with black scales, and with a smoky center. The reniform is liirge, kidney-shaped, smoky. The secondaries are soiled whitish in tlie male, smoky in the female. Expanse, 1.32 to 1.40 inches (33 to 35 mm.). Habitat. — Calgary, Canada; Easton, Washington. I have only two specimens of this species. The male, a very good specimen from Calgary, received from Mr. Dod; the feu:?ile, evidently an electric-light capture, because one secondary is scorched, taken by ^Ir. Koebeleand belonging to thelJ. 8. National Museum, and these are the types. The female is very much darker than the male and the markings are hardly relieved. The male might pass as a very dark iiiipressa, but the female shows more resemblance to sperata. In fact, the male itself would bo more readily considered a variety of sperata than of impressa, though when the markings are closely compared the resemblance is to Mw^re-vsa. In the male characters ^^'is resemblance is intensified, because there is practically no dilfereuce in the genitalia, nor, indeed, in the leg structure. Nevertheless, I believe this to be a good species from the characters above given. ACRONYCTA IMPRESSA Walker. (Plates I, fig. 12, adult; VIII, figs. 33, 34, larva; XIII, figs. 4, 5, male aud female adult; XIV, fig. 9, thorax; XVIIl, fig. 19, leg; XXII, figs, 10, 11, male genitalia.) Acronycta impressa Walkek, Cat. Brit. Mus., Met., 1H56, IX, p. 61.— Gkote, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 38 = 6rMmo«a Grote.— Butleu, Ent. Amor., 1887, III, p. 35, an sp. dist. brumoaa Gudn^e. Pharetra impreasa Grote, Mitth. a. d. Roem. Mus., Hildesb., No. 3, 1896, p. 7. Acronycta fuHciata Walkeh, Cat. Brit. Mas. Het., 1856, IX, p. 62.— Gkote, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 39=6rHmo8a Grote.— Butleu, Ent. Amer., 1887, III, p. 35 = impresaa. Acronycta brumoaa Grote, in lists and coll. — Speyeh, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1875, XXXVI, p. 109.— Butler, Knt. Amor., 1887, III, ]}.'Sry—impream. ApateJa brumoaa t Packard, Forest Insects, 1890, p. 169. Acronycta verrillii (tROTE and Robinson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1870, III, p. 178, pi. II, tig. 82.— MoKUisoN, Can. Ent., 1875, VII, p. 79—innotata; Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1875, XI, p. 92=6r«»io»a; Psyche, 1875, 1, p. i2— brumoaa. Ground color a somewhat dirty ashen gray, more or less black pow- dered. Head with a dusky line on the front, and usually another ou the vertex. Collar tipped with black or smoky, although this is incon- stant. Pata^iiae more or less black margined, and the disk also irregu- larly powdered. The primaries have the ordinary markings distinct. Basal line geminate, black; transverse anterior line geminate, smoky or blackish, more or less interrupted, outcurved in the interspaces, as a whole a very little oblique. The median line is more or less obscured 160 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI, ' I ^1 i w i I j i when best marked, a little oblique from the costa, darkeniuj:? the reiii- fonn and below it running rather close to and parallel with tlie trans- verse posterior line. Transverse posterior line geminate, the inner line smoky and rarely complete, the outer line black, irregular, more strongly dentate on veins 3 and 4. As a whole it is somewhat S-shaped, There is an outward tooth in the submedian interspace in most of the speci- mens. Subterminal line interrupted, irregular, pale, marked by black scales in the interspaces. There is a series of terminal spots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black. There is a more or less evident black streak, which is generally interrupted at the base, and below this the basal space is darkened by black powderings. A more or less obvious smoky shading extends above vein one to the median line, though the tendency in this species is to lose its shading. The inward curve of the transverse i)osterior line above the anal angle is followed by a dusky shading xvhich usually extends only to the subterminal lino, but sometimes reaches the outer margin. As a whole the subterminal space is somewhat smoky filled. The ordinary spots are distinct; the orbicular small, round, black ringed, with a central dusky dot; the reni- form large, kidney-shaped, somewliat incompletely outlined and with a smoky center. Secondaries yellowish white in the male, more smoky in the female. Beneath whitish, more or less powdery, in the female with a distinctly smoky ting«. Discal spot obvious on the secondaries, less distinct and sometimes wanting on the primaries; rarely with a traceable exterior line, except on the secondaries. Exi>anse, 1.20 to 1.50 inches (30 to 37 mm.). Habitat— \J luted States, west to the Rocky Mountains, Canada, May to August; central New York, July and August; Minnesota in June; central Illinois in July; New Jersey, July 17; Washington, District of Columbia, in May; Glen wood Springs, Colorado, in August. The synonymy of this species as above given is, I believe, correct. Except in the case of Mr. Grote's species I have not seen the type; but Mr. Hurler has definitely referred impressa and fasciata as being the same, while Mr. Grote has referred fasciata as the species identified by him as hrmnosa. The discussion concerning this species will be found under the next heading. "^' LARVA. LiNTXKi!, Twenty-sixth Ifept. N. Y. State Mus., 1874, p. 159 (oft/t/n black from the absence of hair. On joints 3 to 5 and 12-13 the hairs are somewhat s])iny and light reddish brown; elsewhere soft and pale yellowish. A few long ones at the extremities; wart IV very small. NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTVIDAE— SMITH AND DYAR. 161 ingthe reiii- bb the trans- be inner line lore strongly ped. There at" the speci- :ed by black )ots, beyond less evident id below this Dore or less nediau line, The inward } is followed irminal lino, subterminal listinct; the ^t; thereni- i and with a noie smoky the female Jecondaries, irely with a 18, Canada, innesota in i'^ashington, , in August. >ve, correct, n the type; ta as being ss identified jies will be (O).— COQUIL- , IV, p. 274.- h, 2.8 mm. aatal stripe I segments, appearing 3 the hairs ft and pale ry small. Cocoon. — Spun tightly among leaves; composed of silk. Fupa. — Brown-black, cases heavily wrinkled, abdominal segments ronghened with irregular confluent granules, not points, the rounded posterior segmental bands smooth. Anal segments rapidly tapering, (remaster wide, iiattened, concave below and with a dense brush of little straight spines over the end. Food plants. — Willow, plum, hazel, currant, blackberry. ACRONYCTA DISTANS Grote. (I'lates XIII, flgs. 6, 7, male and female adults ; XVIII, fig. 20, leg; XXII, figs. 12, 13, male genitalia.) Apatela disiana Guotb, Can. Ent., 1879, XI, p. 58. A detailed description of this species would be in all essential points a reproduction of what was written under the head of inipressa, the two look so much alike. IHstans, as compared with impre.ssa, is, on the whole, a trifle smaller. The wings, especially in the male, are narrower and the apices of the primaries are distinctlj^ more pointed. The latter is particularly true of the female, but is also traceable in the male. The markings, on the whole, are less distinct, more suli'used by black scales, and there is a dusky or blackish longitudinal shading, which' extends from the base below the middle of the wing to the outer margin without a distinct break. This is perhaps the most obvious character of the species; but it is a somewhat variable one, and occasionally a break occurs just inside of the transverse posterior line, and then the resemblance to hnprensa becomes very close. On the whole the species has the secondaries a little paler than in the previous case, but other- wise the two resemble each other perfectly. 1 doubt whether I would have considered this a distinct species had not Dr. Dyar called my attention to the fact that there seemed to be a larval ditt'ereuce. When the forms are separated in series a difference may be marked; but a single specimen may be troublesome to place in some cases. The species is perhaps better defined in the female than in the male. In tlie sexual characters there is very little difference; in both cases the liarpes are rather evenly rounded at the tip and the clasper is very well developed and large. The inferior process is long, somewhat eycavated on the inner side, with a rounded tip; the superior process is stout, long, nearly equal to the tip, where it ends in an abrupt, short point. In inipressa this upper process is nearly straight and somewhat irregu- lar; in distans it is more even and distinctly curved, though not strongly so. The differences, however, are comparative, and I would not be inclined to give them much weight. There is more difference in the anterior legs of the male. These in distans are distinctly longer than in intpressa, not only comparatively but absolutely, though (Mxtans is the smaller species. The tibia in impressa is distinctly stouter and the epiphysis is inserted nearer to the base, besides being also broader. I have not been able to discover any other characters. 1 have not seen Proc. N. M. vol. xxi 11 ' H 162 PUOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XSI. Mr. Grote's type; but his description evidently refers to a specimen in which the longitudinal shading through the inferior portion of the wing is well marked. So far as distribution is concerned and the dates of appearance, these seem to be the same in the two species. These are i)erliai)H the most closely allied of any of the species in the genus, and they are mixed in collections generally. It is very probable that all previous authors have confused tlie two: but Mr. Grote'.s description, being defined, must be applied to the form agreeing with it. LARVA. Saunoeus, IiiH. Inj. Fruits, 1881, ]>. 313 (hrumoaa); Kept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1883, p. 12 (hriimom).— Packard, Fifth Kopt. U. S. Eut. Conim., 1890, p. lys (species 43, birch). Stage IT.— Head shining black; width, 2 mm. Body black, pale in the incisures; a substigmatal yellowish band, diffuse below. Hairs rather stiff throughout, a few long ones at the extremities; all pale yel- lowish except some black ones from warts I and II on joints 5 and 12. Stage ITJ.— Head shining black, no marks; width, 2.5 mm. Body black, paler in the incisures, with tlie substigmatal band as before. Hair short, in small bunches from the warts, dorsal space appearing somewhat broadly black from the absence of hairs. Hair pale yellowy soft, a few bristl;^ ones from tubercle 1 and some black ones on joints 5 and 12. Cocoow.— Spun tightly among leaves; composed of silk. Pupa. — Jjike th'dt ot A. hnpiesm exdctiy. Food plants. — Poi>lar, willow, birch, alder. NO. 1140. ACRONYCTA BARNESII, new species. (Plates XIII, liy. 10, male adult; XXII, lig. 15, male genitalia.) Ground color dark ashen-gray, very strongly powdered with black. Head without distinct markings, though there is a tendency to become black on the vertex. The patagiae are black margined, and the disc also tends to become more or less black lined. The i)riinaries have all the ordinary markings obscured and tend to become strigate. The transverse anterior lino may be traced, in some specimens, across the entire wing. It is black, geminate, the outer portion being the more evident. Asa rule it consists of a pair of oblique streaks from the costa toward the middle of the wing. The median shade is marked in the same way, as a single streak from the costa toward the faintly indicated reniform. The transverse posterior line is barely indicated in some specimens; but usually wanting altogether. Tliere is no sub- terminal line; but a vague paler shading may be traced, parallel with the outer margins, in some specimens. There is a series of black ter- minal spots, beyond which the IVinges are prominently cut with black, and from these spots a series of rays extend inward; that above vein 5 VOL. XXI. )ecimen in f the wing B dates of Dies in tho y probable r. Grote's Qg witli it. Ont., 1883, 1890, p. 41)8 \i, pale ill w. Hairs 1 pale yel- 5 and 12. in. Body as before, ippearinj^ le yellow, •u joints 5 m U40. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DTAR. 163 ) th b]a(!k. become 1 the disc ? have all ite. The /Cross the the more from the larked in le faintly indicated s no sub- illel with )lack ter- th black, ve veiu 5 being the longest and most prominent; the others lessening toward the apex. There is a broad black streak, extending from the base to beyond the middle of the wing in the snbmedian interspace. There is another, which ahuost lills the space between veins 1 and 2, and extends from the median veiu to the outer margin. The other interspaces are less jiromiueutly black filled; but sometimes the powdering obscures these rays, and the whole wing gets an indeflnite mottled appearance. The ordinary spots are wanting or very faintly indicated; the orbicular is not pjesent in any specimen before me; the reniform is small, somewhat liinulate, and iucompletely outlined in all but two of the nine examples under examination. Secondaries white in the male, smoky in the female. In both cases with a darker terminal line. Beneath white in the male, smoky in the female; powdery, with a more or less marked discal spot and sometimes a trace of an outer line. Expanse, 1.50 to 1.84 inches (.'>7 to 40 mm.). Habitat. — Colorado: Denver; Garfield County, 7,000 feet; Glen wood Springs, June and July. All the specimens before me were collected by Mr. David Bruce or by Dr. William Barnes. There are six males and three females, the latter being the larger throughout. Types are in the U. S. National' Museum, Butgers College, and with Dr. Barnes and Mr. E. L. Graef. The only variation that occurs is in the amount of the black powder- ing through the wings; otherwise it is very constant. The species has been confused with edolata, than which it has broader, more trigonate wings and a paler ground color. The head is moderate in size, the front just a little bulging; the palpi well developed and reaching to the middle. The legs are rather long in the male, with the femur evenly developed, not particularly stout in the middle; the tibia is propor- tionate, with the epiphysis inserted above the middle and not reach- ing to the tip. The harpes are rather short and broad, quite evenly rounded at the tip. The clasper has the inferior process well devel- oped, rather long and somewhat beak-like; the upper process of mod- erate length, more slender and well curved; it is not more than one and one-half times as long as the inferior process. ACRONYCTA PERDITA Grote. (Plates III, fig. 6, adult; XVIII, fig. 16, leg; XXII, tig. 16, male genitalia.) Acronydaperdita Grotk, Can. Ent., 1874, VI, p. 154. Ground color a very dark bluish gray, the wings strongly suffused with black. Head blackish on the vertex. Collar, centrally black, the sides being gray. The patagiae are black m.argined, while the disc has a black line on eaiih side and sometimes also in the center. The pri- maries, although thoroughly suffused with black, still admit of tracing all the ordinary markings. The basal line is very feebly indicated by a pair of black dots on the costa. The transverse anterior line is gemi- nate, strongly bent outwardly between the veins; as a whole nearly lj»r. 1, adult; XVTTT, (ig. 17, leg; XXII, lig. 17, Miale genitalia.) Apatela edolala Gkote, Papilio. 1881, I, p. 15;j. Mastiphanes eilolaia Guote, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 4!», pi. i, fig. 4. Ground color a very dark bluish gray, strongly overlaid by black scales. Head blackish above; collar blackish in the center, leaving VOL. XZI, lie, but is i is trace use black , strongly the outer complete. , series of I series of i of black The ordi- 80, small, isky. Ah r because iiau space posterior extending from the . Above btermiual :he wings ti a discal e smoky. p;s with a shington. ize. The ice is not le wjjigs, ■i appear. found in The legs »n toward sis set at male are ^ver proc- [• is acute blunt at in all its NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUWAE— SMITH AND D TAR. 165 alia.) by black , leaving the sides gray; patagisie black margined, the disk with black lines at the side, and a smoky line through the middle. The primaries have all the markings obscured by the black streakings, but somewhat traceable. The basal line consists of an oblique black streak across the costal space. The medmn shade is scarcely more. The transverse posterior line may be traced across the wing as a series of strongly dentate whitish points, followed by black, defining spots. There is nothing that can be called a subtcrminal line; but there is a pale shading, beyond which a series of black rays extend through the terminal space. Some of these rays cross the shading and extend inward to the transverse posterior line. Between veins 1 and 2, and 2 and 3, this line IS actually crossed, and connection is made with the dusky shading which extends to the base below the median vein. The veins them- selves are a little white marked. Secondaries whit*^ in the male, a little dusky outwardly; hardly darker in the female, but with a broader dusky margin. Beneath powdery whit; , a little darker in the female, with a more or less obvious discal spot; but no outer line in any of the specimens before me. Expanse, 1.72 to 1.88 inches (43 to 47 mm.). Habitat. — Arizona. This is a narrow winged species in which the primaries tend a little to become lanceolate. The ordinary markings are all much obscured, the dentate transverse posterior line being the only thing that is at all traceable, and this is very characteristic. The ordinary spots are not traceable in any specimen before me. The Colorado locality given in my catalogue is probably an error, due to the fact that specimens of harnesU were confused with this species. The head is of good size; the front a little convex, but not bulging; the palpi reach to the middle of the front. The anterior legs of the male are fairly well developed; the tibia rather stout and long in proportion to the femur, with the epi- physis inserted a little below the middle and reaching to the tip. The harpes of the male are moderate, rather evenly rounded at the tip. The clasper is stout, the inferior projection short and beak like, the upper process forming a long curved hook, which gradually narrows to the pointed tip. The upper process is more than twice as long as the lower. ACRONYCTA EXTRICATA Grote. (Plates XIII, fig. 9, female adult; XVIII, lig. 15, leg; XXII, fig. 18, male genitalia.) Apaida extricata Guotk, Bull. U. S, Geol. Surv., 1882, VI, p. 575. Mastiphanea cxUicata Guote, Papilio, 1883, III, p. 113. Ground color dark bluish gray, powdery, with more or less evident smoky shadings. Head with vertex smoky; collar smoky or rusty browu above. The patagiae with narrow smoky margins and the disk with a smoky line on each side. Primaries with the transverse mark- ings obscured in most specimens. Basal line inarkod by an oblique black dash on the costa. Transverse anterior line fragmentary, in M' lefi PlinCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. most cases only a strongly dentate brown shading; but in some instances a part of the line is marked witii black. The median shade is nsnally pretty well marked and smoky brown. It is outwardly oblicpie from the costa through the roniform, then bends inwardly and runs nearly to the middle of the inner margin. The transverse posterior line is strongly dentate, obscurely geminate, the outer portion of the line bhick, the intervening space very pale, while the inner defining line is smoky il" at all traceable. Tliere is an obvious subtermiiuil line. Tiiere is a series of terminal dashes between the veins, which extencl inwardly to the transverse posterior line between veins 4 and 5, and 5 and (5. Other dashes extend inward above and below vein 1. ' There is a black basal streak, which extends well to the middle of the wing and nearly meets one of the inward dashes below vein 2. The ordi- nary spots are obscure, imperfectly outlined; the orbi — 6r ««»()«« (ineu(^<'. Apatelii Hinniiifra \ Grotk, in liHts iiiul coll.— Tifaxtek, Psycho, 1878, II, p. 121. — Giio 1 K, Hull. U. 8. Geol. Snrv., 1HM3, VI, p. 572.— Dimmock, Psyclio, 1885, IV, p. 274. liiivii. Apalvla palUdicomn Guotk, Hull. II. S. (ieol. Kurv., 1878, IV, p. 1(59. riiarcira pallidicomn (iKotk, Mitth. a. d. Uoein. Mus., Hildesh., No. 3, 1896, p. 7. (Iround color Jislien gray, more or leas black powdered. Head and thorax without detinite markings, though the patagiae are sometimes a little dusky. Primaries with the markings fairly well defined. Basal line obscurely marked on the costa, and in most cases wanting. Trans- verse anterior line geminate, a little oblique, strongly outcurved between the veins, smoky, rarely entirely complete, and more frequently marked only by an oblique costal dash, everything below that being barely indi- cated or entirely wanting. The median shade is marked by an oblique streak from tlie costa to the reniform, and is sonietlmes traceable as a smoky shading obliquely inward from that point; as a rule, however, it is not traceable. The transverse posterior line is obsoletely gemi- nate, the inner line very faintly marked, the intervening space whitish, the outer line black, lunulate, and a little dentate on the veins. Beyond this the subterminal space is somewhat darker, and occasionally relieves a vague shading that may be looked upon as a pale subterminal line. There is a series of black dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black, and from which smoky or blackish shadings sometimes extend inwardly. There is no black longitudinal line or streak at base, though sometimes a few black scales indicate such a mark. There is a distinct dagger mark crossing the transverse posterior line in the submedian interspace. The ordinary spots are fairly well defined; the orbicular small, round, with a dusky center or entirely dusky; reniform large, Incompletely outlined, smoky or blackish, kidney shaped. Secondaries white in the male, more or less smoky in the female. Beneath white or smoky, powdery, with a more or less obvious discal spot, which is often wanting, and sometimes with a trace of an outer line. Expanse, 1.40 to 1.80 inches (35 to 45 mm.). Habitat. — Canada to Florida, west to the Rocky Mountains; Florida in March; Texas in Marcli and August; central New York in July; central Illinois in July; Washington, District of Columbia, May and July. This is an exceedingly variable species in size, ground color, and in the distinctness of the markings. It has received several names, Guence describing it twice, for I have no doubt, from the description, that lonfja was indicated for a form of this species. Mr. Grote has named one form pallidicoma, and has identified another as npinigera in collections. All these forms are i eferable to one variable type, which is rather easily identified by the fact that there is no distinct basal streak. This associates it with the narrow-winged forms like ohlinita and Ian- I: 1G8 PliOCEKUISCa OF TIIK NATIONAL MCSKIM. VOL. XXI. NO. 1140. eeolaria, neither of wliicli it resenihlo.s eiiongh to be miMtakon. It Heeiiicd at first as if two species Tnipfht bo seitarated out; Imt I was absolutely uiuible to find any cliaiacters that were at all perniaruMit. The head is distinct; tlie front a little convex, bnr hardly bulffiuK; the palpi distinct, scarcely reaching the middle of tljc front. The anterior le{j:8 of the male are rather slender nml graeefid, the femur oidy a little thickened, the tibia well doveh^pecJ, tlie epiphysis inserted above the middle and reaching nearly to tlu Lip. The tiii'si are rather l(»ng. The harpes of the imUe narrow rather abriii)tly. The clasper is distinct, the inferior process very short and abruptly pointed, the upper long! rather stout, usually obtuse at tip, and a little curved. LARVA. Rii.KY, Fifth l{ei)t. Jns. Mo., 187:i (.n//iHf/«»mM).— Tha.xteu, I'sycbe, 1878, II 1>. 121 {Hiiinii/rrn); Papilii., 1SK3, III, ).. 17. " ' Staf/e //.—Head bilobed, shining whitish, with brown shades below the apices of the lobes; width, 0.5 mm. Body whitish, heavily shaded with dark brown iu a subdorsal (1) and lateral (III) bands whi(!h Join on Joints 5, 8-9, and 12. Warts large, coueolorous, Avith large bunches of stiff l)rownish hairs. Skin smooth. Stctf/c ///—Head as before; width, O.G mm. IJody more heavily baiuled with brown, which is darker aud blackish, leaving contrastiiij; pale areas around wart 11 on Joints (J, 7, 10, and 11 ; venter i)a]e. Hair abundant, stiff, blackish. Staye I V.—Utiiid blackish, a paler spot below the apex of each lobe aud on the side pieces of the clypeus, and over eye; width, 1 mm. Uody as before, the dark marks more spreading and mottled. In pale examples the body is gray, finely blackish peppered, on a whitish grouml, the white spaces of previous stage nearly obscured. Hair bristly, short, blackish, aiul wintish, a few long ones at the extremities. Stage F.— Head brownish, with the side pieces of clypeus, a patch below apex of each lobe, and an irregular patch over" the eye pale; width, 1.4 nun. IJody gray, mettled, the warts black; fiiint paler marks around wart II on the central segments. Hair black and white, stiff. Stage F/.— Head brownish black, ])aler on the sides aud below the tops of the lobes, side pieces of clypeus whitish, forming an inverted V mark; width, 2.3 mm to 2.5 mm. Body gray, mottled, a darker dor- sal shade; a series of whitish patches over warts 1 and II on joints -, NO.1140. NOJiTU AMKUTCAN NOCTVJUAE— SMITH AND DYJlt. 169 ho, IHI!*, II, ides below ily shaded whidi join fe bunches ro heavily ontrastin;; ale. Hair each lobe Ml, 1 mm. . In i>ak' a whitish ed. IJair Ltreniities. s, a patch eye pale; lint paler md white, below the inverted irker dor- n joints (i dth sharj) a few fine looth, not dull red- n. Body , a dorsal darker shade, faintly broken into seprmcntary ftircnto patclies. A hroml diffuse, red substiy:matal band, most distin(!t in I lie paler form. Warts nearly in line transversely, IV nearly obsolete, yellowish, a more or less distinct yellowish patch covering warts I and II on joints (J to IL'. Hairs stitt" and spiny, sharp i)oiiited, with a few lonj-, slender, black om 1 at the extremities. The spines are pale with black tip, a lew black, and, in the darker forms, those on joints 3 to 5 are deep rcv(>r, to iidisctil Hpot in tbu H(M-orulai-iuH, and to a Iohm nuirkt^d extunt on tlio priinarit's uIho. I'iXpaiiHO, !.<»() to 2 incthes (40 to r»<) mm.). Ilahitnt. — Nova Scotia to Florida, west to the llocky MountuinH; May to AufruHt, in tlio more nortlMMii ran^o; March to •luly, Wasliint,' ton, Dintrictof Columbia; Riley County, KansaM, in May. ThiH iw perhaps the most (tommon of the species of this genus, and the early stages have been described again and again in economic pul»- lications. Thero is very little variation. The si)ecimons may bo some what paler or somewhat darker, depending upon the amount of black ])owdering; but it can be scarcely ndstaken for anything else, becauwti of the narrow, sublanceolate prinmries with the strij^ate nuiculati(ui.s, and the pure white secondaries. The head is retracted, small in size, while tho tongue is decidedly v.eaker than usual in the genus. The l)alpi are short, and scarcely reach to the front in most of the speci- mens. The anterior leg of the male is pi'oportionately developed. The tibia is stout, long in proportion to the femur, with the epiphysis small and attached above the middle. The harpes of the male aro rather broad, but taper to a rather abrupt point. The cla8i)er consists of a single, long corneous process, pointed at the tip and a little curved. Tho lower part of the process is very feebly marked, and is indeed practically absent. The structure thus resembles tliat of the ameri- cana group, but for the fact that this starts from an obli(iue chitiuous ridge, and from nearly the middle of the harpes, instead of starting directly from the membrane of the side piece near the lower margin. Strictly speaking, ohlinita shows several interesting points of ditter- ence, and stands almost midway between the normal species belonguig to group aurieoma aiul Arnilonche. If the insect is to be removed from Acroiiycta it should find a jdace in the latter genus; but taking all con- siderations together, I think it is best left where it is; for the present at least. LARVA. Smith and Abuot, Lep. Ins. Ga., 1797, II, pi. xciv.— GuENr^:E, Spec. Gen., Noct, 1852, I, p. 19.— Haiihks, Eiit. Corr., 18(19, p. 314, lig. 14 (saiicts).— I'ackahd, Guide Stud. Ins., 1869, p. 304.— Kilky, Ainer. Ent., 1871, II, p. 341, fig. 210; Third Mo. K'ept., 1871, p. 70, figs. 29, 30.— SAUNOKUS.Can. Ent., 1871, III, p. 22(i, fig.- Gkntry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., I'liila., 1875, p. 24.— Goodki.l, Ciiii. Ent., 1878, X, p. (56.— Maktkn, Tr. Dept. Agr., 111., 1880, p. 18, 131.— (jIuotk, Papilio II, p. 99.— Saundkrs, Ins. Inj. P'ruits, 1883, p. 325, fig. 337.— Packard, Eiftli Kept., U. S. Ent. Conim., 1890, p. 567. Stage II. — Head black or brownish black; width, 0.5 mm. Body whitish, with a )tage iiient spo over the iiiie whiti blotched wliite; a blotches dark, IV (lots closi become y A'frtf/e 1 forming i of conflu warts 11 g of dorsal area thicl even, nai Subventr inedio-vei hairs whi Cocoon. Pupa.— coarsely have a di iu front, shagreen* not differ spines. Food pi Thaxtkr, Psyche, 1877, I, p. 188.— Coijuiii-ETT, Can. FAit., 1880, XIT, p. 45.- Henky Edwards, Eiit. Auier., 1888, III, p. 171.— Snvdku, Eiit. News, 1891, V, p. 277. Stage TV. — Head bilobed, shining black, translucent whitish mot- tlings at the side, a patch at vertex of each lobe and a broken inverted V-mark bordering theclypeus; width, 1.2 mm. Body a little flattened. Warts large, black, with rather short bristly black hairs mixed with pale; warts nearly in line transversely. A black dorsal shade baud filling in between the ^varts on joints o to 12; a mottled, transversely streaked lateral band and traces of brown subventrally. Cervical shield and anal plate black. Stage V. — Head as before, but the white spaces smaller ; width, l.Suiiii. IjuUy largely mottled and streaked with black, a xjale subdorsal line; Meroloi Very ro head, we£ Head s though tl lashes. I stifl^', dive shortly p( Thorax marked, t liattened vcstiture Pre vo. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUI DAE— SMITH AND DTAB. 177 orange red blotches between tlie warts subdorsally and substigmatally. Hair short, stiff, black and white. ^Stage IT.— Head bilobed, black, clypeus yellowish, the black pig- ment spotted, leaving a number of white streaks on the sides, a streak over the apex and a clypeal V-niark; lower half of clypeus and anten- iiiie white; width, about 2.7 mm. Body black, a white subdorsal line blotched with red between warts I and II; lateral area mottled with wliite; a white substigmatal band, passing over wart V, with orange blotches above it on the small wart IV. Warts large, I to III and VI dark, IV and V reddish. The black dorsum is broken by little white (lots close to the incisures. Hairs as before. Later the white marks become yellow. Stage TTJ.— Head shin'ng black, side pieces of clypeus white or red, forming a V mark, a whi ,e streak on vertex of each lobe and a network of confluent white linef, on the sides; width, 4 mm. Body black, the warts light orange rt d, obscurely connected by this color. Traces of dorsal, distinct sr odorsal line, broken and mottled, the whole side area thickly covere-t with little streaks and dots of yellow; a straight, even, narrow yellow stigmatal band, crossing the orange wart IV. Subventral area and venter heavily yellow dotted; a geminate pale inedio-ventral band. Hair black and white, bristly, mixed with softer liairs which predominate subventrally. No secondary hairs. Cocoon.— Sinm tightly among leaves; composed of silk. Pttjpa.— Black, except in the joinings of the parts, where it is reddish ; coarsely roughened. Anal segments rapidly tapering; the segments have a distinct smooth raised posterior rim and are coarsely granular iu front, the granules rounded, subconfluent. Wing cases coarsely shagreened. Cremaster a tapering continuation of the last segment, not differentiated, but bearing a thick terminal tuft of fine straight spines. Food plants.— Gram, smartweed, willow. MEROLONCHE Grote. Merolonche Grote, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 50. Very robust, shaggy species, with loose, divergent vestitare, retracted head, weak tongue, and shortly pectinated male antennae. Head small, retracted, front narrow, a little < •really protuberant, though this varies in the species. Eyes small, naked, without hairy lushes. Palpi small, hardly ix; t^Ciiuig the front, clothed with rather (Stiff; diverging hair. Tongue weak, useless for feeding. Antennae shortly pectinated in the male, : :uple in the female., Thorax well developed, robust, convex; patagiae and collar well marked, the vestiture thick, rather loose, and composed of somewhat Ihittened hair. ]So tufts are formed, but there is a bunching of the vestiture posteriorly. Legs rather suorl and stout, proportioned, as Proc. N. M. vol. xxi 12 I « IB: \ "1 1 i4 ili ' i Pi 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot.xxi. usual in the Noctuids, but comparatively smaller and with shorter tar- sal joints, of which that at base is somewhat enlarged, especially on the forelegs. Abdomen robust, conic in the male and only a little exceeding the hind angle of the secondaries; much heavier and more cylindrical in the female, and quite considerably exceeding the anal angle of the secondaries. No tuftings except the usual loose bunching at the sides of the segments in the male. Primaries rather short and narrow, trigonate, outer margin oblique, apex a little produced. Venation in both wings of the normal Noctuid type and not in any way different from Acronycta. This genus is well distinguished from its allies, not only in the gen- eral habitus but iu the shortly pectinated antennae of the male, in this character it resembles Harrisimenna, while totally distinct in all other respects. There are three rather unsatisfactory species, of which spinea and lupini were described by Mr. Grote, and ttrsina is here first named. Of spinea I have seen the types only; of lupini I have had numerous specimens which, while greatly varying in certain directions, never quite reached the former type. Spinea has a very evident angulated median shade line; the other median lines are obscured and the ordinary spots are wanting or but feebly indicated. Lupini is a much better marked species, with the median lines and ordinary spots well developed and the median shade line obscure or at least not prominent. This is a somewhat variable quantity, however, and the sharply defined orbicular and somewhat smudgy reniform are much more constant factors. Both species are Californian. Ursina is a smaller species, more hairy in appearance, the primaries very evenly sprinkled with white and black scales, so as to give a powdery ashy gray appearance in which all the markings are sunken, though traceable. The species is altogether slighter, especially in the female, iu which the abdomen is neither so long nor so clumsy. It occurs in the riiountaiuous regions of Colorado. The sexual characters of the male are essentially those of group auricoma, the harpes oblong, somewhat acutely rounded at the tip, the cl.isper esser 'ally a long, cirved hook set on an oblique ridge, which may or may not form an inferior process. In tabular form the species divide as follows : ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF MKUOLONCHE. Median shade line distinct, angulated, forming the most prominent fe.iture of tlie primaries; ordinary spots obsolete Bpinen. Median shade line subordinate or wanting; Oidinary spots present. Less powdery; all the ordinary markings fairly evident; with a vague yellowish tinge lupmi. Densely powdered, ol)scnring the ordinary markings; total impression a bluish ash gray „,.gi„tt. NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE— SMITH AND DYAIi. 179 I shorter tar- icially on the :ceeding tlie yliudrical in angle of the at the sides gin oblique, mal Noctuid 7 in the gen- ie male, in stinct in all I spinea and t named, id numerous tious, never 3; the other Dting or but iJi lines and bscure or at ;y, however, reniform are le primaries 8 to give a are sunken, cially in the clumsy. It 36 of group the tip, the 'idge, which fe.iture of the spitiiti. -gue yellowish , lupini. ssion a bltimh ursina. MEROLONCHE LUPINI Grote. (Plates III, flg. 2, adult; X, Am'. 4, female adult; XV, fljr. 8, male antenna; XVII," lig. 1, legs; XXn, iig. 23, male genitalia.) Apatela lupiniGnoTK, Bull. Huff. Soc. Nat. ScL, 1873, 1, p. 79; Ibid., 1876, III, p. 78» Merolonche lupini Guote, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 50; Papilio, 1883, lll,p. 112. (leneral color a somewhat yellowish ashen gray. Collar and patagiae more or less black marked, but without very definite lines or bands. Primaries powdery, but rather smooth, and with all the markings well written. Basal line geminate, evident on the costa, vague below that point. Transverse anterior line geminate, the inner narrow, outwardly bent and outcurved between the veins; the outer diftuse and more evenly oblique. Transverse ])osterior line distinct, denticulate, a little sinuate, but as a whole parallel with the outer margin. As a rule it is continuous, but it is sometimes broken into lunules and is then preceded by a white shade. Median shade line evident in all specimens, but most distinct in the female; narrow, diffuse, irregular, obviously angu- lated on the median vein, and reaching the internal margin close to the outer part of the transverse anterior line. Subterminal line pale, dif- fuse, marked outwardly by a series of more or less connected dusky spots. A series of black terminal dots, beyond which the fringes are cut with black. Orbicular small or moderate in size, round, coucolor- ous, outlined in blackish. Reniform moderate in size, imperfectly defined, and somewhat obscured by the median shade which crosses it and forms the inwa?;d angle just below. Secondaries smoky, with a (liscal lunule, and crossed by two vague dusky shades between and beyond which the wini? is paler. Beneath, primaries dusky with a broad gray outer margin; secondaries gray, with a large black discal lunule and an incomplete dusky band. Expanse, 1.50 to 1.75 inches (37 to 44 mm.). Habitat. — Mendocino County, California. Specimens of this species are usually in unsatisfactory condition because of their teudeucy to grease, and the yellowish tinge that is usual is probably not liafcural. The species is fairly well marked, but it is quite certain that another smaller and more powdery species which may be my ursina has been confused with it. The true species is quite evenly gray and scarcely "hoary." The only variation in the seven specimens before me is in the relative distinctness of the median shade line. MEROLONCHE SPINEA Grote. (Plate X, ligs. 2, 3, mule and female .adults.) Apatela spinea Grotk, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat, Sci., 187H, III, p. 78. Aciomjvta npiiua Henuy Edwards, Puc. Coast l.ep., No. 27, 1878, p. 3. Merolonche spinea Gkotb, 111. Essay, 1882, p. 50; Papilio, 1883, III, p. 112. i-Vwftfc.— ''This species rcHcmhleK hiiuni in structure and size, and may not be eventually considered a good species. It \lifters by the P mr 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXt, NO. 1140. 1 if i transverse posterior line being narrower, more continuons, less scal- loped; oppoHJte thi! cell, between veins (! and 4, it is drawn in, forming as usual a point on the intermediate vein 5. Else, while whiter, inu(;h like its ally, the submedian dash well marked, the fringes checkered. Hind wings blackish, with white fringes; tegulae black lined." The above is Mr. Grote'« original description, but none of the charac- ters hold. Nevertheless, Judging from the extremely scanty materiiil, the species seems distinct by the absence of the ordinary spots and tlic prominence of the narrow, rather sharply defined median shade line. The species, if species it is, seems ranch less abundant than its con- genera, hence it is impossible to speak of the range of variation. I have seen the types only, from which the pictures have been made by the courtesy of the officials of the American Museum of i^atural History. "California," is given as the habitat. MEROLONCHE URSINA, new species. (Plates X, figs. 5, 6, male imd female adults; XXII, fig. 22, male genitalia.) Dull ashen gray, very strongly powdered with blackish hair-like scales, which give the insect a peculiar shaggy appearance. Head and thorax without obvious markings, though the patagiae seem a little dark margined and the posterior mass of thoracic vestiture is smoky, rrimaries with the markings obscure, fragmentary, and not at all defined. Basal line not traceable. Transverse anterior line geminate, broken, as a whole nearly upright, with three rather even, though small, outcurves. Transverse posterior line well removed toward the outer margin, with which its course is nearly parallel and only a little sijQuate, consisting of a series of black lunules preceded by a whitish shading. Subterminal line pale, consisting of a vague shading more or less marked by dusky spots in the interspaces, sometimes not at all traceable. There is a series of blackish terminal lunules, beyond which the fringe is cut with dusky. Orbicular small, round or oval, con- colorous, black-ringed. Reuiform small, kidney-shaped, imperfectly defined by two black lunules. Secondaries whitish, powdery, more smoky in the female. Beneath, gray, powdery, with an indefinite outer line and discal spot on all wings. Expanse, 1.40 to 1.60 inches (35 to 40 mm.). Habitat. — Colorado. Several specimens of both sexes have been at hand, most of them collected by ]\lr. David Bruce in the mountainous districts toward Glen wood, whence Dr. William Barnes has also received it. As com- pared with lupini the species has smaller, narrower, and more pointed primaries and a larger, more quadrate thorax, with proportionately smaller abdomen. .The vestiture is more divergent and more hairy, and the insect as a whole has a bluish tinge. None of the markings are evident and there is only a vague indication in some specimens of a median shade. The secondaries are also paler, and altogether the species gives quite a different impression from lupini. I have in the N.) 1140. NOnTH A MERICAN NOCTVIDAE— SMITH AND DTAB. 8, less seal- in, forming biter, rnnvh checkered. the charac- ;y material, ots and tlni shade line, an its con- iriation. I n made by :al Iliatorv. 181 initalia.) h hair-like Head and em a little B is smoky, not at all i geminate, an, though toward the u\y a little Y a whitish bding inoie 8 not at all ond vvliieh oval, con- mperfectly dery, more Quite outer 8t of them its toward , As com- >re pointed Drtionatoly hairy, and rkings are iniens of a ?ether the lave in the past labeled specimenn, with a query, as spinea, whi(!h T did not know positively until now. I have three specimens from the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Califor- nia which are probably referable to this species, but their condition is n(»t su(!h that I would care to say this positively. They are (certainly neither fipinen nor lupitii, and I am not yet ready to admit another .s|»('.ciea. HARRISIMEMNA Grote. llairmmemna Okotr, Trims. Am. Ent. Soc, 1873, IV, p. 2fl3. A somewhat slight-bodied form with long, prominently tufted abdo- men, strongly tufted thorax, large trigonate wings, and a somewhat retracted head. Mead moderate in size, distinct, but not prominent, front slightly convex, but not bulging. Eyes large, narrowly separated, naked, without lashes. Ocelli distinct and not concealed. Tongue moderate, snitable for feeding, but not strong. Palpi short and weak, hardly reaching to the end of the projecting scales of the front. Antennae very shortly pectinated in the male, simple in the female. Thorax rather small, (piadrate, convex, thickly clothed with scales and scaly hair, which form an enormous bushy, posterior tuft; collar and ]iatagiae distinct. Legs slender, short for the insect, but of normally n()(!tuid proportion to each other. Unarmed except for the usual spurs, which are of very moderate size. Abdomen (cylindrical, much exceeding the anal angle of the second- aries in both sexes, much stouter in the female. In both sexes with a series of dorsal tufts, of which that on the fourth segment is enormously exaggerated. Trimaries trigonate, the apices somewhat drawn out in the male, rectangular in the female. In the former inner and outer margin are almost of a length, while the costa is at least one-half longer; in the latter the outer margin is distinctly shorter than the inner, and the costa is hardly one-third longer than the latter. The venation is nor- mally noctuidous. Secondaries proportionate, vein 5 much weaker than the others and arising from the cross vein well removed from 4, but nearer to it than to 6. The only species thus far known is : HARRISIMEMNA TRISIGNATA Walker. (I'lates XV, fig. 6, male antenna; XVI, fig. 6, venation; XVII, fig. 4, legs; XIX, fig. 9, male genitalia. ) (irammophora trisiijnato Walkkr, Cat. Brit. Mus , Het., 185fi, IX, p. 20. Harriaimemna trisUjiiata Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1873, IV, p. 293; 111. Essay, 1882, p. 49, pi. r, fig. 3. Notodonia sexguttata Harris, Ent. Corresp., 1869, p. 174, figs. 24, 25.— Grote, Trans. Am. Ent. B.ns.. 1S7S- IV. n. 29?.. r.v. s^n. Ground color of head and primaries white, with either a creamy or bluish tinge, varying in the specimens. Palpi black marked. Head 182 PnnCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VfH. XXI. *n I with u broad black band al)ove the middle, a sliort, narrow one below the antennae, and another Honiewluit broader between the feelers. Collar white at base, crossed by a broad blatik band, the upper portion red brown, the edges Jipped with white scales. Thorax red-brown, the edges of the patagiae white tipped. Abdominal tuftings at base white, with black tips, the prominent tufts brown. Primaries white with the ornamentation black and contrasting, but a little confused by irregular black powderings, which sometinios darken the inferior por tion of the median space. Tiie most prominent features are three almost round, red brown patches situated as follows: One near the base, filling tlie si)ace between the basal and transverse anterior lines and the costa and median vein; another close to the apex, filling tlie space between the transverse posterior and subterminal lines, tlie costa, and vein G; the third just above the hind angle extending from the transverse posterior line almost to the exterior margin and between veins 2 and .'5. Basal line geminate, prominent, black, terminating in a larger black patch in the submedian interspace. Transverse ante- rior line geminate, almost upright, outcurved in the interspaces; the inner line well defined, the outer often diffuse and powdery. Trans- verse posterior line geminate, very irregularly dentate, outwardly angulate so as to from two prominent teeth on veins 3 and 4. Both lines are distinct, but the inner tends to become diftuse. There is no obvious subterminal line, but there is a series of disconnected spots and shades which may represent it. A series of black terminal lunults is preceded by narrow white crescents. Fringes white, cut with blackish. The median shade line is prominently marked on the costa, but is obscured below that point by the black powderings. Orbicular moderate, round, concolorous, black ringed and with a black center. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, black-ringed, with a dusky central lunule. Secondaries in the male white, with blackish apical powder- ings and a series of smoky terminal lunules ; in the female deep smoky brown with contrasting white fringes. Beneath, whitish in the male, apices of both wings smoky and both with an imperfect extra discal dark line; in the female, primaries smoky, with contrasting white fringes which are cut with brown; secondaries whitish with two smoky transverse lines, a broad smoky margin, and a dark discal lunule. Expanse, 1.20 to 1.55 inches (30 to 35 mm.). Habitat.— (jAunda to Texas, west to Wisconsin and Missouri; Canada in July; Massachusetts in June; Long Island, New York, in July. This is one of the most distinct of the North American noctuids and certainly by all odds the most aberrant and striking of those here treated. The three round brown patches on each wing give the insect an absolutely unique appearance. The only observable variation is in the amount of the black powdering. NO. lUO. NORTtt AMBMICAN NOCTUIDA K-BMITB AND D FAR. 183 LARVA. Mkihiikimrh, Tlarrin'M Corr«ni»., 1860, p. 114.— HARRlfl, Erit. Coir., 18fi9, p. 174, ' tig. IT.,— I'ai KAi«i>, . 340. Stage V.— Width of head, 1.7 mm.; shaped as in the next stage. iStayc VI.— Width of head, 2.2 mm. vSliglitly bilobed, clypeus very high, a \oi)g conical tubercle before the apex of each lobe, pointing «ibli(iuely Ibrwavd, bearing the upper epicranial seta on its upper aspect hefore the tip; setae short, stiff. Statjv VII. — Ile'ad slightly bilobed, higher than wide, smooth and loundcd, no tubercles; width, ^{.3 mm. Black with a reddish shade ill the sutures, shining. Body compressed, higher than wide; feet, especially the abdominal, very long. Joints 5-7 slender and arched, 12 very strongly humped, tubercles I and II in an elevated square, the lower part of the Kegment small, so that joint 13 with the anal feet is placed nearly directly beneath it. Tubercles large, chitinous on the liumj)ed parts, elsewhere small, reduced to single setae, except VI, which bears many, and 1 1 on thorax, which bears two, setae. Hair stiff, long, especially on the humped parts, white. Cervical shield attached to the head by a hrm membrane, the anterior dorsal pair of hairs being attached at the tip to the labrum of the head case of the preceding stage, forming a string of cast heads. Color black, shading into red- brown on the anterior side on the hump on Joint 12 and thoracic feet. Sides of joints 7 to 10 streaked and washed with whitish flesh-color, joining over the back centrally. The larvae are solitary, wagging the string of cast heads from side to side when disturbed. Cocoon. — A hole of the diameter of the body of the larva bored in wood '• one-fourth inch horizontally, then down about 2 inches like a woodpecker's hole in miniature, the opening covered with thin parch- ment like silk very near the color of the bark. The chips are wadded up into balls about the size of B shot" (Goodhue). Food plants. — Winterberry, lilac. list of the genera and species. Pantheinae. PANTHEA Hiibner. 1. fiircilla Packard. 2. gijj;iiiitea French. 3. porllandia Grote. 4. acronyctoides Walker. leucomelana Morrison. DEMAS Stephens. 1. propinquiliuea Grote. DEMAS Stephens— Continued. 2. llavicornis Smith. 3. palfita Grote. CHARADRA "Walker. 1. deridens Guende. circuU/era Walker. contigna Walker. 2. dispulsa Morrison. 3. decora Morrison. m IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) / V. ^ v. ^ ^ A^ < % % c?. % A/. U. 1.0 I.I 150 """= us JI25 ii ill 1.8 1.25 1.4 III 1.6 ^ 6" ► ^ <^ 7a ^<^y ^l * ^^^ >> 0>^ w /A Phntnoranhir Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. m. 1 > ACRONYOTINI. ACRONYCTA Ochsenheimer. Group AMEBICANA. 1. riibricioma Gaonrui*t»»J> 12. Acronyota laetifica Smith. Fig. 10 is bad in all points, and reference should be had to Plate XII, fig. 9, for a more accurate figure. Platk IV. Illustrations of species of Aoronycta : X Fig. 1. Acronyota edolata Grote. 2. Aoronycta hasta Guende. 3. ^cronyc/a iM8i• 12. Aoronycta xyliniformis Guende. 13. ^croni/t", Larvae of Acronyota : Fig. 1, Aoronycta afflicta; larva above. 2. Aoronycta afflicta; larva in characteristic position on a leaf. 3. Aoronycta ovata; Jarva at rest on leaf. Fig. 4 r. Ai {). A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A Fig. 9 i ))y a funj Fig. La 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 16. 17. Li Fig. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. ::. lonotAk GtA Fig, L 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, 32 33 34 35 36 37 Frou Dr. C. ] Fig. ] k i :^>Wr.t^^ •"9* NO. 1140. NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDAE-SMITH AND DTAR. 187 usual type. fig. 9, for a Fig. 4. Acronycta betulae; immature larva. 5. Acroniicta betulae; full-grown larva. 6. Amonycta modica; larva ibove. 7. Acronycta occidentalis; larva above. 8. Acronycta occidentalia; larva from side. 9. Acronycta radcliffei; larva above ; its head much enlarged at 9a. , Fig. 9 i8 bad in all respects, and was made from a discolored specimen stiffened liy a fungus growth. Plate VI. liBrvae of A cronycta : ' Fig. 10. JeroHi/cto/uroi/tra; larva above. . 11. Acronycta radcliffei; larva from side. 12. Acronycta ha»tulifvra; larva above. 13. Acronycta hattulifera; larva from side. , ^ . «. 14. Acronycta rubrwoma; larva ; green form, with yellow, almost complete, tufts. 15. Acronycta rubricoma; larva; yellow form with black tufts partly lost. 16. Acronycta luteicoma; larva above. 17. Acronycta americana; larva from side. Platb VII. Larvae of Acronycta : Fig. 18. Acronycta dactylina; larva above. 19. Acronycta dactylina; larva from side. 20. Acronycta morula; larva above. 21. Acronycta morula; larva from side. 22. Acronycta primi; larva above. 23. Acronycta pruni; larva from side. 24. Acronycta lobeliae; larva above. 25. Acronycta populi; larva la characteristic position on leaf. Plate VIII. Fig, tter shown oamed. Larvae of Acronycta : 26. Acronycta leporina; larva iu characteristic position on leaf. 27. Acronycta noctivaga; larva above. 28. Acronycta noctivaga; larva from side. 29. Acronycta oblinita; larva above; pale form with red hair. 30. Acronycta oblinitu; larva from side ; black form with pale hair. 31. Acronycta sperata ; larva from side. 32. /lofonj/ciagperafa; larva above. 33. Acronycta impresaa ; larva above. 34. Acronycta impresaa ; larva from side. 35. Acronycta xyliniformiB ; larva from side and from above. 36. Demas propinquilinea; larva on leaf from side. 37. Paneftea/wreiHa; larva from side on pine. , ^. ^. c From figures drawn and colored by Miss L. Sullivan under the direction of Dr. C. V. Riley. Plate IX. Illustrations of Pantheids : Fig. 1. i'aii«Am/«»ci?Za Packard; female. y 2. Panthea gigantea French ; male. * 3. Panthea gigantea French; female. X4. Fanl'hea porilandia Qroto; female. 188 Fig. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. 5. I'antlim acroni/ctoifles Walker; male. «{. I'anlhea aa-ouyvloiden Walker; feiualo, from an iinporfect spocinicu. 7. Itemua propiniiuillnea Grote; mule. 8. hemaspropinquilhiea Grote; female. !». Demas flarivornh Smith ; male. 10. Deman flavicor, lis Smith; female, yll. Charadra dispiilsa Minrisou; male. 12. Chamdra deri(le»8 Gueui'e; female. Keprodmed from slightly enlarged photograpbe. All of the prints from which thoBe plat..8 of adult inH,.ctH wer. made have been touche.l up wFth a br, It^ are imperloct.ons and to «ecuro somewhat stronger contrasts " -v*V 1 1 i^imda C^rt, Plate X. Illustrations of Acronycta and allied genera: Fig.xl. /.»em«»prt7o(■ 6. Acronycta friyida Smith; from the male type. 7. Acronycta popnli Riley; from a female typo. , Up«.stv*.\\A»^G*;. ». Acronycta lepusciilina Gueu6i^,; female. ■X9. -Icroni/c^a/e/ino Grote; female. Mo. Acronycta frigida Smith; from a female type. 11. Acronycta Cinderella Smith; from the male type.Tt Je.P»«'S&«*l»V\» (?»Vi P< 12. JcroHi/c/ai/n/a Smith; from the female type " phttographs'."''''''* ^'''''' *^'" "'^*'"''' "'" ""^'^^^ reproduced from enlarged Plate XU. Illustrations of species of Acronycta : Fig. 1. Acronycta maiiitobaStaith; from a female type. )(2. Acronycta ijanpercula Grote; male. 3. Acronycta frayilia Gneuce; female. 4. Acronycta radcliffei Harvey ; male. 5. Acronycta apinigera Guemm enlarged Fig. f). A iron jiola albariif a Or ote; female, 10. Acronycta ovata Grote; female. 11. Acronycta clartavem Gixien6e; fema,]f>, 12. Acronycta hamamelis (j\ien('e; female. 13. Acronycta increta MorriHon ; female. 14. Acronycta retnrtlala Wulkor; variety of female. , All are somewhat greater thau natural size and are n^produced from' enlarged l)hotograph8. Plate XIII. i¥y\\ yrefrSA /^//<. ^i,r«..-oSa ^M/'^/U^f Illustrations of species of Acronycta: Fig. 1. Acronycta brumoiia Gueme; female. 2. Acronycta emaoulata Smith; from the male type. SS^ V. 3. Acronycta marmorata Smith; from the male typo. 4. Acronycta mprcssa Walker; male. 5. Acronycta impresaaWiilker', female. 6. Acronycta distana Gtote; male. 7. Acronycta diatana Gvote; female. 8. Acronycta Htiirata Smith ; from a female typo. X>9' Acronycta extrkata Grote; female. klO. Acronycta barneaii Smith; from a male type. XfSC //» eULLi/MA^ 11. Jc>OHi/c/a(?en^(ta Grote; lemale. 1 Q^^^^ye-t f ai b"^^* ^ISl l^"**'^ I Nfk J yt,Vl. Jcconj/c/rt pi/ra/is Smith; male. ^ i All are somewhat greater than natural size and are reproduced from enlarged photographs. Plate XIV. Body strnctures of Acronycta and allied genera: Fig. 1. I'anthea portlandia ; head and thorax from above. 2. Charadra diapulaa; head and thorax from above. 3. Acronycta americana; head and thorax from above. 4. Acronycta oblinUa; head and thorax from above. 5. Pan thea portlandia ; head and thorax from side. 6. Acronycta americana; thorax from side. 7. .,4 cronycfl»ia»yfaDiconu«, female. 3. Bemasftavicornia, showing origin of veins 6 to 11 on primages with accessory cell absent. 4. Variations in the shape of accessory cell and th<^ origin of veins 6 to 10 in Demaa and Panthea. 5. Charadra diapulsa, venation of primaries toward apex, and origin of veins 2 to 5 of secondaries. 6. Venation of Harriaimemna triaiynala, female. 7. Venation of y;apAj«/rao/)mH, mule; cindmlla, transvemata, and pacijlca are similar. 17. Anterior lnj; of male Aoronycta tola. 18. Anterior leg of male Am-onycla innotata. 19. Anterior tibia and tarsus of Aoronycta belulav. 20. Anterior le" of male Arronyc.ta morula; occidentalis is similar. 21. Anterior leg of male Aoronycta laetifica. 22. Anterior leg of male Aoronycta loheliae. 23. Anterior leg of male Aoronycta vinnula. 24. Anterior leg of male Aoronycta manitoha. 25. Anterior leg of male Acronyota (jrhea; revellala is practically the same. 26. Anterior leg of male Aoronycta spinUjera. 27. Anterior leg of male Acronyota pruni ; radcUffei is practically the same. 28. Anterior leg of male Acronyota qiiadrata and tritona. 29. Anterior leg of male Acronyota perauasa. 30. Anterior leg of male Aoronycta brnmoaa. 31. Anterior leg of male Acronyota olareacena. 32. Anterior leg of male Jcronj/oila. 3. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta tritona, 4. Harpo and claMper of .icronycla lunnwta. 6. Harpc and clasper of Acronycta fiineralit. 6. Harpo and cluHpcT of Acronycta alni (Kumpouii). 7. Harpo and claspor of .l(;/()H,i/t'/i Acronycta paiipercula. 9. Hurpo aud clasper of .lcro«i/(t« i'(»nu/a. 10. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta rcreUata. 11. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta yrisea. 12. Harpo and claspor of Acronycta utriyom (Kuropcaii). 13. Harpe and cJuHper of Acronycta manancta. U. Harpe and clasper oi Acronycta falcnla. 15. Harpe and clasper o{ Acronycta purallela. 16. Harpe and claspor oi Acronycta cuspia (European). 17. Harpe and clasper ot Acronycta tridcna (Kiiropean). 18. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta pni (European). ID. Harpe and clasper of Acronycta afilicla. 20. Harpo and claspor of Acronycta pcrsiia»a. 21. Harpe and clasper of Acronycta litiirala. 22. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta vKirmoruta. 23. Harpo and clasper o{ Acronycta meyacepUola (Enropotm). 2-1. Harpe and clasper of Acronycta alltarnfa. !5. Harpe and claspor of Acronycta orala. Harpo and claspor of Acronycta modica. Harpe and clasper of Acronycta olArescenn. Harpo and clasper oi Acronycta h(tmameUn. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta retnrdutu. All the figures are from camera huM:i sketches drawn to the same scale by Dr. J. li. Smith. Platk XXII. Male genital structures in Acronycta and allies : I'ig. 1. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta illita. 2. Harpe and clasper of Acronycta luteicoma. 3. Harpo and clasper of Acronycta sperata. 4. Harpo and claspor of Acronycta euphorhiac (European). 5. Harpe and clasper of JcTO?ii/cv Dr J I; SniitU. U. 9. NATI VOI.KXI. Illo liy l»r. J, li. U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEKDINOS, VOL. XXI PL. I The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see paoe 185. I U. S. NATIC % > U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. II in ;t i The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see pages 185, 186. U. 8. NA1 i 1 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. n i I 6A ^> sy. 10 The Genus AcRONfCVA. For explanation of plate see page 186. » j' U\ U. S. NAT « i { ^ W--: V> '^5Mw ^., U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. IV 14 The Genus Acronycta. Fob explanation of plate see page 186. U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM / PROCEEDINGS, VOL XXI PL. V "^'m I HE UENUS ACRONYCTA. For explanation of plate see pages 186, 187. U. S. NA ^ y ^ - U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 187. U. S. NATh 4 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINQS, VOL. XXI PL. VII ti The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 187. U. •. NATIOI U. •. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCKIOINOS, VOL. XXt PL VIII The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 187. ,j-#-Cc*». t/t*. "opMAA*^ U. S. NA 'S U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. IX ■ i i i I - - Jh^UltTRATIONS OF PaNTHEIDS. POU yUf-tm^,!." <^<^ PLATE SFE PAGES 187, 188. « $ U. S. NATI -^ 'S U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM » PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. X r OTA AND ITS Allies. PLATE SEt PAGE 188. I,; 4 f^i3 *m U. S. NATK 'vt^ • c> <^ ■<: € \ m 1 % < ^ PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XI The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 188. T' (< U. S. NA ^ I ^^H' ^m^i ^^^^^^Brl^ ^&i B^w iM i ^^^^^H^^ j^H i ^^^^^^^K'V sHk ^^Hvj i ■ ^^^^^^^^^K'^j, 1 mi U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINQS, VOL. XXI PL. XII • iSl The Genus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see pages 188, 189. U. S NA \ U. S NATIONAL VU9EUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XIII 11 ^Vsr-.ir'f'- The Gcnus Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 189. U. 8. NA U. t. NATIONAL MUSEUM PR0CEEDIN08, VOL XXI H. XIV 10 11 13 ■i\ 1 13 Body Structures of Acronycta. For explanation of piate see paqe 1S9. U. •. NAT! U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCECOINOS, VOL. XXI PI. XV Head Structures of Acronycta. For explanation of plate see pages 189, 190. ":«W .tHliMWLR. ii L '' l*i«iymWJ l ll,^miUJJJB W MIJ,4II^ BpBgl U. S. NAT U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XVI ; £:; Venation of Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 190. 1 ' JaB ^^^^^^^^^^^Ki^ JaW ^^^^plr n {9B '^^■M ^. JH^ iH P Wm [ ^^^^^^^^^K^ ^1 ? ^^^^^Ei . m 1-' ^^^^^^^^^^^m >< M '>• ^^^^^^^B ,T ^^^^^B'^ ^^^^^^^^^B '*' 0. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XVII LEG Structure of Acronycta. Fob explanation of plate see paoes 190, 191. I , U. S. NATI J U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XVIII yo^ xK^ X^K A A "^ ^0 >V^ \ Leg and other Structures of Acronvcta. For explanation of plate see pages 191. 192. iti U. 8. NAT! U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XIX Genital Structures in Acronycta. For explanation of plate see page 192. wjw~«yw« i ; l i Wi^ l U. S. NAl Q^ U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXI PL. XX Genital Structures in Acronycta. For explanation of plate see paces 192, 193. Hf ii U. S. NATIO / U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PR0CEEDIN08, VOL. XXI PL XXI Genital Structures in Acronycta. For explanation of plate see paqe 193. U. S. NA1 c ^ U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEE0INO8, VOL. XXI PI. XXII Genital Structures in acronygta. For explanation of plate see pages 193, 194.