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Les diagrammas suivants iliuatrant la mAthoda. 32X ;. 1 2 3 1: 4 5 6 f ■ . B t-- ^^^^^^B' ,^^^^^^^^^B .;■- ■ ^^^^K ||H 1 1 ^B T T E R S AND NEGOTIATIONS ¥^' fV) • .^ y' OF jr ^ Count,d'ESTRADE% England, Holland, and Italy; From M DC XXXVII. to MDCLXII, CONTAINING^ An Account of the very Source of all the Troubles that happened to King (5harlss I. The whole Negotiation relating to the Sale of Dunkirk, [The Dilute about the Hongur of the Flag, an4 that about ;he Ceilion pf A c a p i £ or No va-* ScOTIAe V r Never printed in English before.^ [Tranflated from the French,.. !with fome flpTES and Illustrations. LONDON: * *f inted for R,, Wi l l o c k, at Sir Ifaac Newton's Head, in Cornhill. ' MDCCLV. ,),■!'■• ^*3 :' ■ i. much the otl ly tran carl G itjfhbu till no letters fueh in happen tiation di/pute about t I def to his 1< of Nov< Ow,.ed th another he will for the H..: PREFACE. 'F the tranflating and publifhing this volume of count d'Eftradcs letters needs any apology, it may be af- firnied, that it contains matters much more interefting tothis kingdom, than the other volumes of his negotiations former- ly tranflated under the patronage of the late carl Godolphin : and it is very furprifing, that it fhbuld be omitted at that time, and remain till now untranflated ; efpecially when the letters contained in it open to us matters of fuch importance, as the very fourcc of all' that happened to Charles I. the whole of the nego- tiation relating to the fale of Dunkirk, the difpute about the honour of the flag, and that about the ceflion of Acadie, or Nova Scotia. I defire the reader may particularly attend to his letter to cardinal Richlieu, of the 24th of Noven^ber, 1637, ^"^ *^® cardinal's anfwer, Qcvwcd the 2d of December the fame year ; and another of the 2 ift of January, 1641. There he will difcover, that the cardinal's refentment fpr the refolute, wife, and^ political refufal of /^(r/\. t■ '"»*'"* ni, iJentcd by rtdercd the c, and W ly that ha^ And $t may :lea \oft his to Fr?tnj:c, /n and^itft> [ty, fo coH*" f his lung-* : but thi$. lavc to th^ >, coincides tn Guthrie-B as fbllo^SV !« fir' g # 55.; jwrhom hp tfiuft^d m his l^piqc i igh he lias 'm , ,fuch cir^uiwanccs a^ have rendered tHe afTifliahce and mon^ ,^'ranc^ J extremely agreeable to hini j yet his i?eal;for,the honour of tj^s crovirn, an4 ^4 m|ei:cft of . his people, and t^at jealoii^i^ of tW I'rcnch power, which ought to be the ruling paflion of ey^ryjfenglifli king, got the better of all partial qonlideratioiisi and in .one fcnf|'^ 1;»^e r?iay fay, he fdl 'the vidlim of his 9wii ' So much was Charles imprefled wjitfiXaud's &antic notions^ t^at he did not think of^ thd hjdden d!eftrv|''CDeniic$ from without, halving fiiqh anodiliries as are mentioned in.thitme^n^oria],. of jcfuits, ppefbytorians, puritans, republirt cans, &c. &c. it it. to be wondered, that: Charles II. who well knew the fituation h^! was in, (hould be afraid of France, being fot- lately rcinftated in his throne, when he knew how unequal the match was betwixt him and a king defpotic and abfolute, who had trod iiodor foot all the fadbions in his dominions, had inlarged his territories by mat acqui* fitions, and greatly improved his finances; and who by the ryrenean treaty had hum- bled Spain, the proud and antient enemy of France. The enfedt of all this was experi- mentally found from the war carried on s - gainfb France by the grand alliance in kin^ William's time, when the combin'd powers of the Empire, England, Spain, and the Seven Provincesj could procure only iuch a treaty as that of Rifwick, not to mention that in queen 4tnne's reign, and even fome of a later date* M. d'Eflrades, in his letter < dated . the 25th July 1 66 1, writes to his mgfter, that the revenue of the crown of Engknd did not theri ex<&eed twelve millions of French livres,or nine hundred thoufand pounds fterling 5 which he computes, did not anfwer the king s annual expence by two millions French, or 150,000/;! fterling. Apd mr. Carte will have it, that the government was then indebted tq the amount m^ mmm ill W vm amount of above two millions ftctrling: Jd^ the year 1662, one whole years . revenue, or ' fupply> granted to Charles D, by bis parliai-^ mentv amounted only to i ,200,000 /. flerling, , ta defray the charges of the navy, |die ^rniy^ in- Portugal and Tangier, &c. and in Ralph's, hiilory, p. 89, the account, froni' uridoubtec^ vouchers, is as Mows ::^'iii^.^i|^i.^li: ;^ '-■% i|1r' .. Ori. RevMue Receipt* .Hearth Money. J '* »'»°»;593 Cr*i..i ! or Deficient|r tXf:v. »AS ;yl|- X .■:;=?» 437i o«o. Navy Stores, Ordiiance /."(oo^ooo OuarSs aflid GarrifoAs * aooinitti Dunkirk — — -^ looiQocf Hoaikbldf&e, — — t^oi^ow Qj^xnbdier, and Q^confort 7 5> oo<^ i But to come to that which is the principttl fubjedt of this volume of d'Eftrades letterSi the fale of Dunkirk; we fhall here find, that the lord chancellor Clarendon was the prin- cipal negotiator J though till tnis was publifh- ed, the fa^ was controverted by our hiftori- ans, as appears from bp^ K^Qfiet. who page 259, of the hift. of England, putliflied by him, writes as follows : . " Xhe town and port pf Dunkirk might have been another great advantage to our trade and to our power in the channel, and under this profped there had been a refo- lution in the houfe of commons to prepare an a•/ /?-A c je:. nu trigues of thie PO\int de Molina and the baroij^ Ifola,; thai| chance^^ ftyde was 'dilgiitjedj biit we^ciiinot think that anything good was !iitind|4^d by it, when the chief pror^pter o{ Jt was mr. Edward Seymour, whofe whbl^ life cannot produce one adtion diat tended to the good of the commonwealth, excepting his faking arms againft king James at Exeter." a Page 255, Ipeaking of the earl of Claren- don, he affirms, " That the fufpicion of his policy in this affair (of the match with Por- tugal) and of his corruption in the fale of Dunkirk, though groundlefs, or at leail uny certain and improbable, loft him many friends, and gave his enemies great advantage. A l ate author , who feldom ipared the charadler ciT" courtiers, gives us this opinion of thefe matters. " Here I take leave, as well as I can, to vindicate the memory of my lord chancellqr Hyde froni two afperfiohs (as I conceive) caft upon him; one, that he was the advifer of giving up Dunkirk to the French; the other, that he was the procurer of the kingV marriage with the infanta of Por- tugal. For the firft, I was affured by a cre- dible perfon (though a confident of my lord chancellor) that he was fo far from ad-^ vifing the king to give up Dunkirk to the French, that only he and my lord treafurer Southampton (upon whofe honour my lord chancellor relied more than any other) of ^1 the council, entered their proteflations a- £X^'^' 1' ^s^\l ;-ji '^ajv^^'H ^m fr: ;•* tM ■,^.^:fV:. i^Aiift'ij'- .: >'• % ,^J- xiv P R P F A p E4 gainft xXi The truth of this jnay be reiblv«}di hy infpees to vi%. dicate the earl of ^larendpn ii>. this ^articun Jgr,, is bg. Bqrijgt , in, his ^liftory of his own jtim^a, anno i?6?, page 240, vol. i. of the^ edition in 8yo. ^ ^^L-^itrC^- -:a-.;.;. ••v 4V The Spaniards pretended it ought to he reftored to them, fince it was taken from them by Cromwell ^ when they had the king and his brother in their armies : but that was l\ot muc^ i;eg^rd?d. The French pretend- ed, that, by their agreement with Cromwell, he was only to hold it, till they had repaid the charge of the war : therefore they orfer- ing to lay that down, ought to have the plape delivered to them. The king was in no fort bound by this. So the matter under debate was, lyhethcr it ought to be kept or fold ? the military men, who were believed to he corrupted by France, faid, the place was not tenable j that in time of peace it would put the king to a great charge, and in time of war it would not quit the cofl of keeping it. The earl of Clarendon faid, he underftood not thefe matters ; but appealed to Monk's judgment, \yho did pofitively ad- , vife the letting it go for the fum that France offered." Page 241. " By this th? king loft his reputation' abroad, the court was believed v;^nal. And becaufe the carl of Clarendon , ^,^ * This quotation 13 from no better authority t'han Coke's '^etcdicin. was ,^#. .'...'.-^•Iieir.. ■:i.^/. PRE F A C El ^ V^:a$ in greatejll credit, thei blame was caft chiefly on hina, tjiough Jiis lbn;a(Ibred me, fee kept hjmfelf out of that ^flfair Intlrely." jOhus the bifhop too often juftifidfif or con* demns by the lump, and lays the wh6le blanfie jpn the duke of Albemarle, to whom h^ feems to have bore a great rancour. ''i 1>? Echard in his hiftory, page 80 1, edit. 1720, writS^BTus : " Another effedt of this marriage was the faleof Dunkirk, which happened not long after the confummation of it ; of which the founda- tion was laid by the treaty itfelf i for l^e Portuguefe had fo far prevailed, that by the ninteenth article of the faid treaty, it was €xprcfsly ftipulated, " that Dunkirk never jthould be parted withal to the Spaniards," which gave France a fair opportunity to clofe with the king, and to make a bargain with them at a time when he wanted ready mo- ney, for the extraordinary expences of this year> and particularly the payment of hi§ lifter's portion. Many reafons were urged for the parting with this important place; and the firft motive to the king, as I am afTured by a knowing man, was the great expence in keeping of it, which Rutherford the gOv vernor had increafed to an exorbitant degree, fince the difmiffion of fir Edward Harley. And the earl of Sandwich particularly alledged to his majefty, that the coaft was generally {p tempeftuous, and the grounds fo rowling ppon every ftorm, that there would never B ^■^* Ttf J-^i:%Jt>^^^-- ..*- J- >.-■*. ?/■ ¥ remaiii a certain A€er»ge'|o< tbiUport^ Thefe amd^ 6^r reafons bieing i^dg«^ ifi! council, ibpi^]^ cjirppfed by c^banceUor ^ Clardndon andi tredluFCar Southampton, the king was content to deliver up the town and port of Dunkirk, with ail the ordnance and ammunition» for the fum of five hundred thoufand pounds^ fterling j one half to b^ paid down, and the other in a fhort time aifter« Several books were written in vindication of this fale, {hew- ing how ufelefs the place was to England, unlefs millions of money were expended up- on it ; and at this tin^e we do not find many complaints againft either this or the Portu- gal match : but when the ill effects of both began afterwards to appear, as the increafing power of France, and the queen's Want of ifTue, great outcries were made, and chan- cellor Hyde was unreafonably charged with the fcandal of both, when he was really free from the guilt or rather misfortune of either."' I fhall leave the reader to make his own refledtions -, only let him not think that this place was then of fuch valixe and ftrcngth, as it was afterwards rendered by Louis XIV. at an incredible expence, after employing an army of men to work on the fortifications, at fo immenfe a charge, that it is thought that Louis XV, could not fpare out of his finances a fum fufficient for putting it in fuch condition as it was in before the demolition after the treaty of Utrecht : And the fortifications of ^'■^■' "....,>. . .,... . ... -tbe f » .iW-: \"; Mtltl^ft :ouitcil]. lonani content Dunkirk, ion» for pounds and the i\ books le,ihew- Englandii"< ndSup- ind many [lePortu- ts of both increaiing want of ,nd chan- •ged with really free f either." ; his own : that this ftrcngth, ,onis XIV. )loying an tifications, [ought that finances a condition after the Lcations of 1 the ^;ityii •« . ~. the kfid fkU^-<}Qjdd ildt^^^^^ buti^ifaat a ifMiikcb ^ ttinjr, ^ti^in]| iiege~ #lt witll oneof^iclirirains (xmrndj^vraiMG^^ have made ^^emfelveti toshers of lt> c^&a^~ ally «s dbj^ w^re already in poiTeflioti of ^^ofl 0f &e fort^^and fluices round it. T -< r.'.4. ;> A -The^'follpwing is what I eould collect iii relation to tht coqnt d'EftradeS} marefehal of France. M A mtlot de la Houfl^y e tells us, that he begun hiTloftune m tlie family of Ven-i ddme« into v4iich he was received as go*^ yernor to t^e^dukes of MercoBur and Beau-* ifortv- As a proof of this, he fays^ that in 3 protcft made by Gaefar duke of Venddmc^ f upofthis dimiiTion from the govemmient of Bri- '^^| kanyffor the fecond time, dated thefirftday | lof illie year 1631, he is mentioned as a wit-T^^t |nefs, under the name and defignation Of Francis ;^ I'Eftrad^s £fq; feUr de Rauvette^ governor to t^ faid duke's fons; He ferved fcventeen or eighteen years inv [ollandi partly in the quality of a colonel, ind partly as a fecret minifter of France; yic fluefor t fpfeaks of him iii feveral chapters of us ambafladors. The marefchal d'EArades,' fays he, being then only a captain, and af- jerwards a colonel? and who had no pub-i charadter, did notwithftandiug negotiate faifs of the grcateft importance, and is^ to be" Iqniidered as a mod able and necefTary mini-^ \tti And in another place he faysj the mt d'Eftrad.es fervfed all the camp^gns in, [oli|nd, as a military officer, totibe^timeof a thfl? :'-k- .#i im. ^x IBts^ *e/icge of Hul^i^ufW^^^ «1| t6>B a hcg0t»f% a^ iifcW^ ifixtKA% Council of WW c^d noi filf)^, piocftejicd j^^ g^nft him fbr any fault df a bt^tqire IMki^ mitkary. It was ti^pon the cbn&derafibn o^^ that he came fa well oflFin an tnibrpil wni^;, he ha4 with the prince of Oradjse iii ^e j'eaf 1642, whidi was iMfi. 0%tl»ade8 lia|| orders to tell the prince in ccnildehc^, or^ W way of fe' to ix^hdm the king her father ^o«^ gN^ l^^^i by ^ay 6f portion, all PUuiders ; and make. I|^ ~**' over to him the ri^ht and preteiiiliQiis 1* ^^ |bi;|«l^! on the united provinces. The count '^l'?^^ J^^!^ of the prince to make a difcretevife ofjtlm J^i^ fecrer, or rather not to reve^d Iti but i^itJjLi^^: prince judging that he could ndt do this wJBi- l^I;!.^ out a breach of the fidelity he owed to* the fWt i|J tepublic, communicated it to his maftersw ^*BAokM- was intended to have fifted thii affair to the Ki ^.^^ bottom by a ftrid examination,; but d'Eih^dwKf^* ^^ pretended to be quite ignorant, and not tol|4- ?f^ Know what they meant. The prince of ^i^gcf^^I ^i? >^ was his captain general, yet was obliged to* ■ ' ^ fuffer that me lye Hiould in a manner be^ivei him by an officer under his command ^tmnk irig it more eligible to diffenible and jpai^ over this oUique proceediire of the cowtt o^ France, who had put d'Eftrades "P^ /^%?xnaH ^^ adihg of this part, than to ibcw any farthef ^^^? \ rrfentment, wnidi could only vex him iiM^^Jg M^ln defii-ed:to hav^ &^ ft^es tp W mO,-2. '^ 5? r jfubj^< # an b was tifiii0iflli| lb fiflu* 4 beenn^dQ. ^ould g^^ and mako (ions Iv6 h^ uiit t^gj^ea .«fe ot Ihis ti but " J5^ wed to- the, cX,X S^f 5^'f' DodrBalth^a!^ ' mafters. » )AaS,"^?"l<'^Spain's only Son dvinT^f utd'Eftrades b/lV ^ • • °r *•"« P'opofil of the ^, «' fei;cd them by Pignarailda. ') iTo pro ceed with yj^^ffort 's accouitt'bf marefchal d'Eftrades, "wEISfmay be odkd an elogy; I fhall here ghre it in his dWD words. ^' I fhall not, fays he, confider him asj an officer of the crown, who arrived to^ai dignity by his own merit and ftrviceS tinlyi "without fevour having any fhare in his prODib- tion: I fpeak of him as an able 'minify, Ivho had no fobner thrown himfelf intd thai QrUa ;JiBgq comi of th fiu ration Dunk place tiines place giobsi^ fcrvcd Sutl wcLmi^ mofe; .1 I (ho tion all. profeilion, than cardinal Richlieu thoUj^h^ ^Jbeady him qualified for negotiating, and adhiall fmployed him in that way, and he fo wel 'anfwered what the cardinal expefted fr ;. his ability, that from thiit time he had a/htti ; ivith the ambafladors, in the truft of IeiII ijifFairs which were then negotiated in Holkndl with his Cardinal Mazarin and the fucceeding 'mfof that! .^^jiifter^ could hot do without the ftffift^tt .pf this negotiator of the ihort robe, ih tl moft difficult conjundlures. • tt' is not eafy ^.^^,1)^ conceived how cmbaTraflirig his liH^ baSxiqr cient to P««iceto iWhen waiidsiki ^^^jjinary occupations were dui'iiig Ac -congriavprinice ;".^j|0f Munfter and Ofnabiirgh, bur abov«P»na6ft difi l^jwh^n the Dutch were Vuiining headten^lfifecii y '& ^ r J»iR>,:© E A C E. xxi cjlipf up ^.peacc, at the time of the prince of Qf^age'^^i^lMieis. I £b^ll pafs over what wat pfBgotjated in Itdv by his means, whilft he commanded/the French army under the name of theduke of Moden^. . But 'is itpofitble to rciledt without admit t\ ration, on his addrefs i^ the acquifidon of Dunkirk to France ? not of that paltry forry place which was taken and retaken feveral . tiines before the P3rrenean treaty, but of that : place which Cromwell had been at a prodi* * giobs. expAnce to fortify, and might have > ^ved aaA door by which to enter France, .; V^'ben* the Ensliih had pleafed. ^ - But n ofavitlmand in g what Wiquefort fays, ; we.m^ftJot1maginemat Dunkirk at that time c rnofe^ .than a bicoque in comparifbn to what i^;wa$'made by lA)uis the XIV. as has been v ^ibcady bbfcrved, I (Honld never have done, was I to men*r ' tion^s^ the iparticukrs of what was tranfa^ed ! by hii^rduring the fix years of hi$ being em- ^ bafladqr extraordinary: in Holland, it is fuf!i-» i cient to fay, that the king was fo well fatisfied / with histfondu<3:, thaihe put him at the head of .distiHuftrious embaiGy, which was to give • peaiceto: the U^ilcd^ Provinces, 6cc. ! > Wiien themarefchal d'Eftr^des hadoccafion ' I to pteilfe of , Williani' prince of Oraiiige^ after- vraitlsi king) of England, he, fpoke of hiin as/ I a.prinice capable of conducing the hig^eft andi .mdl difficult entcrprizes. He faid moredian |iifie«fi^year& b^fore^ he movinted a throne, > ■ ^-^y :'■^ - r-^' " . - 'a 3 ''" ' 'r' "»)*• thatv car ■ v. . ,.',.-vi: ^.■^. .^ ( m P* R E I» A C' ifi that if he lived to be a man grown, he would excite great difturb^ces, This ha» dearly appealed fincc, and monfieur de Louvoit, who dilpifed him, found his miftakc;, ^^n it was too late. The marefchal, one day, fpeaiing to that ininifter, faid, Sir, you do not as yet know the prince of Orange ; be pleafed to rememf her what I now tal you, that William thtf filent, Maurice Frederick, and Hepfy, are all three revived in his fingle ppibn^and that his friendship is not to hi nc^lcded. Cardinal ][lk:hlieu courted that of Frederick, and found his account in it, you wi^ find William's more valuable, as he is more suSdvt and vigilant than his grandfather, and of con- fequence more proper to fecond your defigns. Amelotde la Houfave. in his memoir'^, paire ^ • ■i«»i>iiii rt i | y , .„ I iir < n y»i i^ !■ dearly, fpeakingtd as yd know i to rcmcmf» IViliiam thd Htpfy, arc p^Hbn > and ^ neglected, >f Frederick, ou wiH find 8 more a^vfc , and of coftr jQfijX ddigns, ricmoirs, page gives an ac-^ 'Efttadcs-waa ^e fapiie WU- day, &yB he, ^ of ^Ingland, ?s ccmK wImj jc, as lie was :h go fiffti ^nt iivhilft'ii'is'^as , whq aoppxn-' jlt'ibeprinctfa Ithef, vfh^ ad- et out of his V^lkj and-th'^s totiicmarfef-^ xncans gained , J|^p |«ncc ,waj .b|Jan 4 for this cpmpcti- tioh>^ by ^ the ptpnfionary dc WK who tpld hiOf), th^t^ aifi PC wa& iv^idier fladthpUer^ nor captaLi general (for it was pot till fomt years afterwards that ne was qtber) he ought not to conipete witl> the ambaliador of France,, or of any other q^owned heaJ ; clj)ecially, %. this Jfao^oldcf bimfclf, v.h'in there was one^ y^ alwayfi ftated bnijiljhd care, that his n»after's honour ^jpttijflSfer ip hi? ipcrfon. Don Eftf vaiv , _ ,4iar^9 though he had reiided as ambaf- fa^i^ 9^Spa% i^ U>o Hague for ftyeral years, yc(^pi(Cten4gJ^ ihould make n^ipi^^^ic lj«i(i vifil, bocaitfc; h|? |iad been for feme tinie at firuL(Iels, an^ W^ there whei^ d*Eftrade9aia:iycdat;ieHag^e. and fo was the lateft corn?c» the Jip^efchialf wrpt^* to the king m [iiafter of tfij^ , ^Jio ordi?rei his ambalia- dor at Aiaclrid, g>, declare to thatcovirt, that if flon Eftev^n $d not dp what he ought, his jnajefty wquld fee PWig?4 *^ refrnt it. The Kulg v^ SpaiiTi prd^r^d Sou Eftevan to do what vfp' ^.irtoj^OT 5 bvit this ambaiTador diiTembled his receiving diis. order, and would haveturn- M it pfF a§ a piece of civility, by fciiding tq d'Eilrad^^, IP t?fl hiin, tjiat if it was agree-i able, he would CPme and dine ^m^ i hin) -, b^t d'^ftrades, who knew liis trade as well as »iQr fi^f fon whatever, anfwered, that don Eftevan V - . / 'a 4 iliould , y -5.. IT ■tk \K' ■isitei .'"'♦ fl^J4. Jp itt that ^ hcj)icxu|br<^^%ftfi#^'te dSftr^dcs piqued h^n^lf to do the honours ol* the king his nwfter } for the fwiic "6^^ qucfort t^lls, that he was tl^c oiv)rambiii&-^ «dor that, during fix, years in wlUai he wasr anibaifador ei^traordinary in Hotl^d, kept'a j^icndid and magnificent table, to AHifhi^n dV, perfons of quality :iyid diftini^bn, ^erc Wfel- jbpme to partake every d^y; ^pfilboiit i)retend^ ilhg ji turn theni of^ !t^ trr^^ • days and difpatcjicsv It is trueydeJia tildu^m yemark^pn this ^jaffagC, thkt'W^i^^iteF^^^ * relates this, ^as j^tlilhis li|fe ^fiiiat^ftii^i ah^ : ■■Would ^nkm a'^inpjii^^^;^?" ^^^^Iv ^Wt ^ ^'Thcfe lettcts''fliii5vy with whaf ^rit aric^vi-^ gpur he m^^ntaintjd^ the honour wt^^^ crown of JFraric^ in the difputc as to^r^^cedepcy with Batteville, the Spanifliambai&dor at the court of England, which occafioned that mortify- ing promile the king of" Spain was; obligee^ to make by hjs ambiiirador &> L6u is XIVv in tliefe words ; " Nq conctifrif con los ambatia- dores de Francia/' 'And di&'not only verbally, the fame in writing by the fecretary of flate | which that monarch was fo proud of, as .to have a mcddl flfuck on pui-pbfe, as a memo- rial ; in which 'the marquiis de Fuente^ thq Sp^nifh ambafiadoj", is reprefcrited, making this • ' declaraaon ^'VP' . I V. el way.. '" ahly, thatj ic nonourt faille 'Wic-! lyambAffa-, idi' he wa^ apd, kept a ifiee cif pp^ ..... .M....;i'f:'> fiblrit ah4: v^n □r the crpWDi^ jccdepcywith •atthe courfe that morBfy- was oblige^ Ids ambafla- jnly ve^bal^^ :ary of ftate y i\d of, as -to as a rn^napn Fuente; thq , making this declaraaon. d^feratioii to t(iat tong ' t<^ith this jrtfe V Hii^^i^in excufitib comn xqc tegath. " princifmm, 1662." , Mpigiipfiyeg u8-tbftibHowin|^ brief acobmit of ^7 2^or];t}ji:ki^y: coutui (i^Blhriidj^ marefchal of France, knight of the Mne^s orders, governor of the citadel of 'puiddric^ and the forts thereon defending*; Yi<;$roy o0 America, governor to the, duke ^dc Qhiartre^- was a man of great clpact^, aixlcofc^rd-kd^-- dinaiy zeal for the king'o fen^e, which prtf-., cured him the kingV efteem fe in^ hewasemplioyed as sunbaffador exf^d^^ ^^ both ill Bi^gland anil HoBan4;^ anrf l^ciwo^- ' tcntiaiy at* the trtJMy of peacie condi^^ atT Nemcgup 5 - which en^ployn^eni^ ^ he dif» : charged with great honour^ He died at Paris, Fcb;2(>, i(>t^ ^a€^ y^'ai£a?ii4 :#■-:■* !>o.i |^aiB^'a4> "^ -%r ,-■ 'tMf'^^i^ . . * * »J»* l »»»r» >V * » ^' / .t*5"m;;t.;i.r:t: y^ 1 ■r'V-. C -?^' m ^^in* intdes ^ his bQtti|^ fbit into Eng^:^ bf Idw Mng) Nov. i^, j6|7. {>. i I^£fb:f|(|b^ ta tbp ciTiiiiisl^ I]agMe Dec. 2a, 1037. 9 lySftradts to the cardinUl* Hague, I^. 1^X62^, Tiie cardinal to d'Eftrades, A^r aoj t6j8,i »iv^it 7 D'Eftrades to the cardinal, Apr. 29, 1638, 18 Kichlieu's inftrudions to d'Fftrades, on his being ^ fent from the king, to the duchefa of Savoy, Dec. 5, 1638. , ,-ju 20 D*Eftrades to the cardinal, Turin» Dec. 17, ^638^ The cardinal to d'Eftrades, Rou^^Aug. 15, 1^39^ D'Eflrades 10 the cardinal, Aug. 26, 1639. 27 D'Eftrades to the cardinal^, Be|^h-op-zoom, Sep. ,i 20, 1639. ''-^^' .r-^#t^^ • 30 Richlieu's inftruftions to d*Efl;rades on his being fent to Holland, Rouel, Jan. 10, 164.1, 32 P'Ellradesto the cardinal, H2gue, Jan. 21, 1641. 'kmmM ' ' ■ "■■■■•" Memorial C If WE n T 8* xxvil B/|^ori4 of Henrf prince of Qrange, to d'ET* ^"■^^^^:^ ■■> ■■■ - :^^^\M^^; - . . ^.^^M^'a^- il^E&liies td the prince dF0nu^,Flii9, 1^4^. 'iJtiMe cafdi^al to d'£ ftouelr Maf I3^||42. M^ P!^v|g 1042. 44 Q'Eibrades to the cardinal, Bergen-c^aEooni| June 'iq,^ t6^f. ' - ^ '" '■:■ -■:'• *'' ik^ I^ftrades to M. Cliaingny, teitg^-^2f>opf^ Jttjie 10, 1642; jii, t*ke Prince of Orange's inftru^ons to d^(|hid&, Ordingen, July lip 1642. r iby. tJHhPpfi? ,<)f popgp |0 the ^xn^fMr ^^ .JMj; Thcpidpcct of Ofan^to thec^d|ifil, Juty i|Bf> P^£ftrades to the prince <^ Orange, Lyons, Sept. . 4,>vj$4a.^ , ,. ,r /.•■>! ■'— / ■ . •■ nffj oi ar-'^ 5^' |ai^ru£tions f^om cardinal Richlieu to d'EK&ades, pn hi# goii^ to I-^and fix ^eeks befQ|^^ 1^ eminency's^£ath^ C^.4, 1642. > 5| '!)rhe cardinal tQ the prince of Orange, Od. 4, 1642, ......•■ - ■ ^ S7 Cardinal Mazapne, tQ the prince of Orange, Feb. Tiie prifice of Orange to d'Eftrades, Ap"' ^^p 7% prince of Orai^ge tQ d'Eftrades, Hagye, Apr. .•17,1645. -yiiJ'^W'Vv^f^i-tVVlly. fhe prince of Orange to d-Eftrade^, ^eb. 4, 1646. P'rEftrafe i» Cardlnar Mazariri, Mar! 26, ^64^. IV^emonal fent to cardinal Mazarin from Hem- ^kip. Mar. 20, 1648, : 7 , • , 66 Memorial V (i» "■" K' .-St-, r-v.' :1X- \ yj J i^ii of^a Jj^^atj^agrc^ on between William prinqe ^£ Owiiicf,^ arS 'd*Eftradq9, plenipotentiary of^ trfeftrades to ca^. M^^arin, I?iinkirk, Feb. 5^ 5?k(fradcs'^to*'dic catdini i*o^ the C«mp near ) \,Libourne, June 24, 1653. 76 cC^fdi- MttTJalrlh tb xi'Efei'acics^ Jtrfy 6, ^^53^.}^/ ^!D'!Ei]:rades to the cardinal Bordeaux. Sept. io. i'thc feme to die cardi;^ Rpyan, Sept. 28, iSkg. The cardihaf to d*Eftrades, DfeC^28, 165^, 80 ©*£itrades to the cardinal Bordeaux^ Jan. iij^ "1654; ' '"■ -''c;'-;-' /^ -^-^ ;'^'"''^i'^' ■■'■■•■ t^-'--;u. J -.gi^- ^^^H ':-k'- ■1 r'. kH^^^H , , /fj^g fame to the cardinal Bordeaux, Feb. ip, 1654^ The cardinal to d*Eftrades, Feb. 20, 1654^ 'ib. ^ Order from the cardinal to d*Eftrade^, Ma^ 18/ *':'-"i654. - ■-' 'B^^ The cardinal to d'Eftrades, Paris, Od. 2 1 , 1 654. Tl^e fame t6 d'Eftrade's, La Fere, July 1 9 1 65 5 . '^6 ^ r The fame to d'Eftrades, March 25, ^o^y, 91 * '^ The lime to d*Eft:rad6s, June 12, 1657. - * "'ii^-^^a' The fame to d'Eftr^des, Sedan, Aug. 21, 1657. l)>Eftrades to Louis XIV:^Wdei;7urie'2*5, r«^2. ':i\ i 94 The S^^mdritsofibverdconveifation$whi<^4'Ct&adt4 i<"'had with Henry pnnce of Orange, in the years 165^^1640, and 1:641. ')^^ 4^w';p. 91^ !, Feb. 5,,* Hctiry prince of Orange to d'Eftradcs, The fame to d'Eftradcs, April 15, 1039. ^ • u IK D*Eftrades to Louis Xiy. ChelTca, July 12; iMi: The fame to the king, Chelfea, July;'i5, i66i^ The fanac to the king, Ch^fca, July 28, f 661.' D'Eftrades fpbech to the king of England, July t? 27, 1661, on his firft public audience v^V-lia^l Theklngtod'Eftrades,Fontainbleau,Aug.5Jt6^i. v-*-.0-*^-v •>?!? .'^n^itifi^? 'I2g D'Eftrades to the king, Chelfea, Aug. i, i66r 126 D'Eftrades to the king, Chelfea, Aug. 4, i66r. 13+ The king to d'Eftrades, Fontainbleau, Aug. 13, 1661. 136 D'Eftrades to the king, Chelfea, Aug. 11, 1661. The fame to the'king, Chelfea, Aug. 15, 1661. The king to d'Eftrades, Fontainbleau, Aug. 25, 1 661. ,,^j J. 148 D'Eftrades to the king, Chelfea, Jan. 20; 1662* The king to d Eftrades, Jan. 25, 1602. 160 D'Eftrades to the king, Chelfea, Feb. i, 1662, . , 164 The king to d'Eftrades, Paris, FcbJ^'i^^l! 172 D'Eftrades to the king, London, Feb. 6, 1662. f 174 The king to d'Eftrades, Paris, Feb. 12, 1662. ■^^^' V ' , ; • - The / T HPUP Tfc fame b the kingiXieitf ob« JFeb^ il^ij^^l^ T^ king^to d'Eftradtt, ?ct)r i6, 1662. '^^^^tt^' Tlie fame to (FEih^s, PaHs* FeK»6,i^K» if 19 XM Idag^ i4 iFfift^ddes, F^rl!# March l»^($i^. • ^ *■' • '■ >^;? . D'Eftrad0st0tHfefclngiFfeb,^i<*, 1^6*. ^^^'^ iW ih( Came to the king, Feb. 21, 1662. 202 he faiAe t(Df the kt% X^QiidMH) Feb. ^»i^ The kjbg fo iPKftraiiei^' Marbh 4* y^^^^ if$t IV£ftra£9 to tint king, Londoii^ March 6| |^%4 - She king to d*£ftrades, March i ^^ 1 662. 20^ - '£fbra£t tc^.the king, Lpndo^, Man:h i'|, iM. '^ r .■2I9r Thr kbg to d*Elbfades, Paris, March 18, teeH O'Eftmi^ 1)9^ king, L^ndoil, Mardi 23, ^6^2: Tte feme to the king 221 The fame to the king, London, April 5, 1662. The king , of Engjitnd to d*Eftrades. London, NegbtiatibH; aid treaty fck- the piii^a ">^«^ chafe of Dutikirk, 1662. -r TKcEarlof fcferendon tod*Eftrades, Hampton-,,^ court, June 29, i662.:^r'-i^?i^'^^'m.^;'i'^''jm3 The King of England t6 d'Eltrad'es, Jufy 27^ 1662. 229 The Earl of Clarendon to d*EftradcSy July 2^i " . The I 52. 2CI3 ' 2lQr 21 J i ,;v" ' aii. " a 5, 1662. 2i^ London, - . 228 [he jpui^a '2. ■■' •vrr HamptontV-. 229 t Jdy 2:y^» s Tho V* Aufl3ift'2» 1662. p, Sao tfie&icH^cmftftide8^:Aiig.i0, iW'*. u fti)^ Thit TutM to d'Bftrades, Ati^. 20, 1662. ^37 Cr]E|teides to the king, JLondoni Aug, i^^, i^Si. , ■■ ■ • ■-''•240 The kin^ ^ Efbades* $^.. Gennam» Aug; i j^ lyEftrades to the lung, Lpodop, 4j>%^X» i^2« The king to d'Eftrades, St. Gennain9 Aug, 27^ 1662. 250 D^Eibrades to the king, L6ndon, Aug. ^8^ i66a. W\r .> .f^..>?/, vir^hi'ih.l>j-^?i u,» ?,*ji;r«25o ; The king to d^Efcrades, St German, Sept. 3, P'Eftrades to the king, London, Sept, 2, 1662. .. 263 The fame to the king, London, Sept. 8, 1662. 265 The king to d'Eftrades, St. Germain, Sept. 12, 1662. ' *?^ 269 D'Eftrades to the king, London, Sept. 21, 1662. The fame to the king, London, Sept. 25, 1662. The king' to d'Effrades, Paris, 0^- 27, 1662V 279 The fame to d*Eftrades, Oft. 15, 1662. 283 1 D'Eftrades to the king, London, Oft. 27, 1662. 285 The king to d'Eftrades, Paris, Oft. 30, 1662. . , 293 D'Eftrades to the king, Nov. 6, 1662.^^1 207 The king to Eftrades, Paris, Nov. 15, 1662. ^ Treaty of Dunkirk^::!'!;- -^-^ '-'.n.^-.A-i^J k» 'h-- 305 ^: ■% '■ ■-; ' - ■ Power - \ -::^ \ •* ' ,"< txm GO N T E W Ta% Powior ffXCP tip d'Eftrades by his moft chriftiM: mzyfly 310 ywer given to the carl of Clarendon and Southan^)ton, the dtike of Albemarle and earl of^Sand^irich, comn(iiinoners> appointed by the kingbidreat-Britam. 311 Inventory of artillery and .arms^ jScc.:- 312^ Power to d'Eiirades to take poflellion of Dun- kirk. • ■•. v.D.ic;^-:.: 3*^. Letter from the king to ihe king of England. frmn the king to the chancellor of England rarisi 06:. 30, 1669, .3^9 endon ana •le and ead ntcd by thci 3i« — •-: sit on of Dun- 316 of England. of England 3»9 • -^ ■',;■. „ ■■«''■','" •T ., •-.It- ' LEt- i ^^i*""*^ ..i* m% LETT E R S' ■' : " AND % ISIEGbTIATIONS "OF --J--- V;-;.i ^j?- Cmint d'ESTRADES* f »* ■.%'^ ^ita '1 •..1 '■'*../ ■■^ Cardinal Richlieu's inftrudions fc Cbuht I d'Eftrades on his being fent into Eng- land by the king. • . Rouel, Novi 12, 1637. He corifidfence I have in the ca-* pacity, fidelity, and afFedlion of* count d*Eftrades hzls induced me to propofe hiili to the king, to be fent into England on the part of his ma- jefty, with a defi^^^ to difpofe th^ • ing of England not to furnifh any fuCcours to he towns un the coaft of Flanders, in cafe the ing and the prince of Orange fhould attack any f them during this campaign. And that counl d'Eftrades may be fully infoim- d of every thing, the better to enable him to ecute t^je king's intentions, he is to know, B thac 2 Letters and Negodations that madam de Chevreufe having cxafperated the cueeo of England againfl me, and put tne out of favour with her, by falfe rcprefentations, ac- cording; to that woman's maltciout way of a^- jfng: he tmxH firft found and difcover what the queen of England's fenriments are of me, be- fore he declares himfelf, and if the count finds them favourable, in that cafe he is to deliver to her my letter, and to inform her of the great deiire 1 have of entering again into her good graces, and to fervc her in whatever Ihe delires relating to her intereft. But if count d*£flrades (hall f£d her in no fuch good difpofition, he is only to deliver her the letter which the king has wrote to her, which is in the nature of a cre- dential, and tell her at the fame time, that the king, having an intire confidence in her fi-iendfhip, address himfelf to her, that fhe may incline the king of England to promifs him not to lend any afliflance with his fleet, in cafe the king, in conjunction with his allies, fhould attack any of the fea-ports in Flanders. ,!>#. If fhe appears inclined to comply with what the king afks, then he is to afTure her, on the king's part, that fhe will obtain of his majefly whatever fhe may defire, either for herfelf or the king her hufband : and he may even add, that he is fure, that it would not be difapproved of by me, if he declared to her the defire 1 have to ferve her, and, by my adtions, to difcredit the bad of- fices of the duchefs de Chevreufe. , If after this fecond attempt the queen of Eng- land fhould feem inclined to an accommodation^ I he may tell her, that fhe is only to give in wri- ting what it is fhe.defires, and that he will im- mediately difpatch a courier to make known toj me her intentions. . t :^ t . ^ . Countl ^ Count d*ElTKAX>tS^ 1 Count cl*£(|brades knows how the prince of Orange has declare()by M. Vauirebersue ambafia- dor extraordinary of the ftates, that ne could not engage in theproje6bof attacking both G'ravelin and Dunkirk at one time, unlefs he had afliu-ance that the king of England would not afFiil the towns on the coaft of Flanders, fo that it is of the grcateft importance that this negotiation fhould not be delayed, and to be informed what the king is to truft to. As the ftates have as much concern as the king to have this point cleared up, the ficur Vauflfc- bergue will embark at the fame time as the count d*£iftrades fcts out from hence, in order to repair to London, and confer with the king of England on the fame (ubjed. ^,* -h, y>fr*v{ n^ , - r t^ v*. .^> Count d'Eftrades is to difpatch a courier to me, as foon as he has had audience of the king and queen of England, and on his arrival at London, he is to notify the fame to the king's ambaflador now at that court, and alfo communicate his in- ilructions to him, fo as to a6k according to the prefent conjunclure, and the difpofition of the court of England. *t VTH-t i r- ■*». li-t Count d'Eflrades letter to cardinal Richlieu. Monfieur, > * i; , Lqndon, Nov. 24, 4f^ I ARRIVED here on the 19th of this month, after being expofed to a furious ftorm at fea, and the veflel having (Iruck on the Goodwin fand, we expelled it would have been broke to pieces ; but by the help of a fea and guft of wind it got over the fand, and we arrived in the Downs. Land- ing there, I took poft to London the fame day. I went ftrait to the lodging of monfieur Belleuvre, ^nl- B 2 . the tt '4* Letters and Negotiatioils the kino's ambaflador, and communicated to fiim my inftrudions, according to your cmincncy's orders. He told me, I fhould fmd the queen of England highly inccnfcd a^inft your emi- nence, and that he had laft nisht a long conyer- fation with her, which was fo warm, that the Quecn, at parting from him, faid, fhe never ftiould be your friend. This, however, did not hinder our refolving that the ambaflador fhould go next day to madam Givet, who is a principiu lady of tne bed-chamber to the queen, her nurfe's daughter, in great favour with her, and an intimate friend of the ambaffador's, that he fhould defirc of her to ^ak to the queen to acquaint her of my arrival, and that I begged to have an audience of her majefly, before I delivered the king's letter to the king of Eng- land, % ;. Madam Civet defired the ambaffador to tarry in her apartment, till fhe fhould fee the queen. She returned in about a quarter of an hour, and then told him, that the queen would be pleafed to fee me immediately after die had dined^ I failed not to be there at the time appointed, and after delivering the king's letter, I told her, the king, my mafler, had commanded me ta wait of her before I delivered my difpatches to the king of England ; being willing to obtain what he defired by her majefly's interpofition, and that he fhould own the obligation to her. That I had orders from your eminence to afTure her of your refpedb and obedience, and your emi- nency's inclinations to embrace every opportunity of doing her fervice. The queen anfwered, that fhe was better informed of your cmincncy's dif- pofition, as to what concerned her -, that you was no friend to her, and that fhe dclired nothing from you, 3 I replied* . *f 1 replied, I was verv forr„ r ^ [o wife a queen ftoulcf ^ive a^/^, ^'^ «nd faife reports that had been mJ ^. i^^'^ ^^ ^^^ eminency : that T ^^ il "^^^^ ^^ ^er of voiir her. if ]«,; 'ii ^°"^ very „fiiy unde^^^ know the particular groun^'r? "^ '° '« «"* and I would make *it"vd«.'',K'""f '*'""» fices done you had piweldi^ f ' ""t ^'^ of- great qualities which your e Jn^n.-"^""' °'" ">« £™«doryouri„Si^,.-S--££ ion^ttiS^ t'Zr2?'?1f-«>™atio„ th.nk itproperldeCS.V'^J ^^^ "« J ihe queen toiri t. o ^c. , / "'^ ietter. his W tolr. w oL ,t^ ?"' '^"^ *« king, i„ of the bufmefs for whlcL iN^ J-? '° acquainf U" lexplained to her, that fh. ? ^'"^•■ °" which I (confidence in her frie„dftiphoD'!-H' K*r"8 ''"''•» |the king of England wouW' •'''''"■■ '"^ans, httooppofetheiifensXht' ^TV^"^ °» |of the united province! m.Vfclk ^ ?"^ ""« ^ates fack fometo^s on h?fio''7£™''* '» «- [hat Ihe would prevail with 1 f^^*"''"^"' ^^ Nuter, in cafe Ly Aou W i^,^"^ '° ^-nain [his year's campaien S'^i- *r^ °l^"tions of 1 The queen VX ft' ^ *^"" '^''r that way. K» of tlat nat«« but thTtoT'^'^^f '" ''^- f = king, Ihe would fpeak of ,> . ? P'.'^'"" to ^ ^ /' W|,ich ■-iffiiii".i ■•t in, m Letters «z?^ Negotiations Which having done accordingly, I was called and then fhe faid to me, that I had been the occafion of her receiving a gpod reprimand, for having propofcd to the king his remaining neu- tral, if the maritime towns in Flanders Ihould be attacked ; and that I might wait of the king my- ' felf, who expeded me at fix o'clock : And indeed the matter of ceremonies was waiting in the anti- chamber for me. I guefled, by this cold anfwer of the queen's, that it was reiblved on not to com- ply with what the king demanded. y^ / I was received very gracioufly by the king of ^JL2.J England, and fpoke to him agreeable to the orders I received from your eminence, and repre- fented to him all the advantages he would receive from a ftridt friendlhip with the king, by comply- ing with his requeft, by which his fubjefts would reap very great advantages by furnifhing the ar- mies witn Jieceffaries, which would bring a great deal of money into England ; and that being | mafter of the fea, and remaining neutral, eveni th6 Spanifh army, as the whole country of Flan- ders, muft be fupplied by the Englifli fliipping that your eminence had commanded me to affurel him, you would contribute all in your power to maintain a ftrifl union and friend(hip betweenl Jiim and the king, and even to perfuade his ma-| jefty to lend him fuccours againft any of his fub- jedls that Ihould have bad intentions againft him. His anfwer was, he would do all that wasi in his power, to teftify how much he defired thel king's friendfliip, provided that what he alked wasj of no prejudice to his honour, and the intereft of his kingdom •, which laft would be the cafe if hel fhould permit either the king or the ftates of Holland to attack the fea-port towns of Flan] ders : and to prevent this, he would have his fleeij in readinefs in the Downs, in condition, to atf with king, affairs I of dai verm back Scotlj Engla| bility liaddd fuch Infighi ■*.;.».,«i5^;S^- f- '- efCoWW/ d'Es TRADES.* 7 with fifteen thoufand men ready to be tranfported into Flanders for the defence of the faid towns if neceffary : that he thanked your eminence for your offers and civiHties, but he wanted n^ alMancc to punifli fuch of his fubje6ts, as (hould faji in their duty, that being fufficiently fecured by his own authority and the laws of the king- dom. I t-oW him, I fliould give an account to the king of his anfwer, and I hoped, before my departure he would reflcA on the offers I had made on the part of his majefly, which would be backed with your eminency's credit and true defire to ferve him. This is all that pafled, which fhews a good deal of averfenefs both in the king and queen of England, from entering into any Itrift frtendfhip with the king. I think it my duty to acquaint your eminence of what I have learned in the fliort time I have been here. I have had a converfation of more than three hours, with a Scotch minifter whofe name is Mo- bil, and a gentleman named Gordon. The mi- nifier who is a furious hot and violent peribn, told me, that he had been at London three weeks, without being able to procure an audience of the king, though he came to give him notice of affairs of great importance, and to acquaint him of dangerous cabals againft his perfon and go- vernment, that he was upon his departure back into his own country, and was fure th^t Scotland would unite with the malecontents of England. Gordon, who is a deputy of the no- bility and gentry, told me as much as the other had done. Your eminence will, no doubt, make fuch refledcions on this as your great prudence and infight into affairs may fugged, the prdeiu feem- B 4 ing 8 Letters and Negotiations Ing a favourable conjuni^re for embarrafllng the king of England in his affairs. Monfieur Vaijflebergue has been fo fatigued with his voyage at fea, that he .is fallen fick with It and Mj'yf:^v*-,.fv*f' I will make a propef ufe of the advice you give me, in relation to Scotland ; and I ihall difpatch in a few days the abbot Chambres, my chaplain, who is a native of that country, to go to Edin^s burgh, there to wait of the two perfons you men- tion, in order to engage them in fome negotia-- tions, * ' The year fhall not end, before both the king and queen of England fiiall repent their having re-, fufed the propofals you made on the king's part. i You have conduced yourfelf fo well in your employment, that the king has made choice of you to go over to the prince of Orange, and ta conclude with bi?n . the agreement fqr the operar tions of the next campaign, Monfieur Chavigny fends you, by this courier, the proper powers, Yqu i637- le 24th all you th your with the Treat ufe •s {hould us very conceal of Count d*EsTRADt^» 9 You muft exert yourfelf to the utmoft to perfuadc the prince to attack Antwerp, and to promife him that the king will befiege St. Omers. If God blefs our defigns, the king ihall have no reafon to be forry that his offers have been refufed in England. You could neither fpeak nor anfwer better than you did to the king of England, as to what concerned me ; it fhall foon be known that I am not to be defpifed. If your two Scotch friends be itill at London, tell them to have full confidence as to what the abbot Chambres may fay to them> and write by them letters to the faid Abbot, which may be as a fignal whereby to know one another. You have done the king great fervice by the dif- covery you have made of thefe two men: affuro |hem of my friendftiip and protedion. • . Take leave of the king of England as foon as you receive this difpatch, and repair to Holland. Monfieur de Billion alfures me, that he has fenc you a bill of exchange, for fix thoufand crowns, for the charges of your journey. Be perfuaded of my friendfliip and efteem, \ * ' >*; ' "" ^ ^W"^,-: Count d'Eftrades letter tq the cardinal. ' , \ . * ' r' Hague, Dec. 2?, 1637, BEING informjd at Rotterdam, that the prince of Orange was at Honflaerdike, I went dired^ly to wait of him, without pafling throujgh the league, that being a more conveni- ent pmce to confer with him. I gave him an ac- count of all that pafl[ed between the king of Eng-^ land and me, in relation to the king's propofals, I then told him, as the defign of attacking the towns on the coaft of Flanders could not be undertaken, by reafon of the king of England's refufin^ to CQnfent to it, that th^ king and your nin«,i' ? ■ •. ' '?;! - . .. J ii: i..:v!jt } j.^.^j ik »* eminence lo • Letters and Negotiations eminence had fent me to his highncfs to confer '^wilh him upon a new fcheme for the campaign, and that your eminence had commanded me to tell him, that the king and he would wait to know his fentiments. Before coming to a refo- fhition of attacking any place. I dbferved that he ^ was extremely pleafed with this civility from your eminence, and then I prefcntcd him the king's letter for him, as alfo my credentials, which he found to be in good form. He told me that the weather was fine for taking the air in his park, and ordered me to place my'* felf by him in his coach that no other perfon ihould come into it, and even ordered the ofikers and gentiemcn on horfeback that were by the fides of the coach* to keep at a diftance, fo that nobody J might hear what we ihould ipeak. , ' He exprefled himfelf much obliged to your eminence for the .confidence you had in him, aS to what was moll proper to be undertaken, and that the projects ought to be fomething great to . anfwer the good opinion the king and your emi- nence had of hull J and therefore he wanted to know what place you defired he fhould lay fiege to. I replied, it was not needful to fend an exprefs to inform him of that, and what I was to propofe would not be difapproved, to wit, that his hi'pnefs bc^ng, in your eminency*s opinion, the firft and greateft general in Europe you could tl'.ink but of one only place worthy of him, v hich V was Antwerp. ■-_':.-■■■ h' ' ■ -wt^^; To which he anfwered thus : we have not infan- try fufHcient to befiege fo great a place. We mufl I ,, have three camps or head-quarters : the river Scheld jis here a league in breadth, and in order to at- tack Calo r.nd Verbrook, ten thoufand men muft be lent from Bergen-op-zoom over three leagues of a country fcarcely paflable at low- water, and €ven thea on a dike ? und this jnuft be done before | ticfs to confer the campaign, landed me to ^ould wait to ing to a refo- )ferved diat he lity from your im the king's ials, which ne fine for taking 5 to place my* ) other perfon red the ofiiccrs ere by the fides fo diat nobody Dliged to your had in him, ai ndertaken, and ething great to and your emi- he wanted to hould lay Tiege ul to fend an and what I jroved, to wit, \ency*s opinion, rope you could of him, vhich have not infan- lace. We muft the river Scheld in order to at- ifand men muft :r three leagues low-water, and be done before I of Cdunt dl&STRA'D'ES. II we can be matters of the place cailed Flanders- head. Another difficulty attending this enterprize being, that in cafe this detachment ihould be in diftrefs, no fuccours could come to them inlefs than twenty-four hours time, in fhort, that fb great dif- ficulties were not be furmounted, hut with a pro- digious expencc. I made anfwer, that all thefe difficulties he had teprefented, were not equal to thofe of the fiege orBois le due, which he had by himfelf alone overcome againft the united force of both the em- peror and king of Spain ; that he was now ftronger as the king and your eminence were eft- gaged with him, and made it a common caule; and that he (hould not mind the expence, pro-- viding it was employed to purpofe : I affured him, your eminence had fo much efteem and friendfhip for liim, that you would ufe all your intereft with the king, to rurnifh him with a con- fiderable fum, to give his ^•';,hnefs an opportunity of increafing his glory. He remained nlent for a while, then told me this requires fome time to refle<5l on, and the fub- je(5t deferves it. To-morrow we Ihall refume this affair. The remainder of the day paffed on in different, fubjects. He Ihewed me fome new buildings he.' was about ; his gallery of pidures, and alfo his fine furniture, without mentioning any thi.pg of bufi- nefs all the reft of that day. -- >rv r Next morning he fent for me by Leonis his firft valet de chambre. I found him in his clofet with a map of Antwerp and the country round, before him. You fee me, faid he, viewing the map of a country of very difficult accefs, and to maintain one's felf in, as the enemy keep an army always in it, but you have perfuaded me,. by tell* ing me the cardinal will alfift me, and I have fcn.t 12 Letters and Negotiations fent for you, to let you know, that over and above the million which the king pays to the dates as an annual fubfidy, I fhall have occafion for two hundred thoufand crowns more, in order to raife two new regiments of foot. The king, faid he, muft engage to lay /fiege to fome confiderable place at the fame timfe as I lay fiege to Antwerp, in ordtr to divide the enemy's forces. I anfwered, that Cambrai was a confiderable town or Douay, he faid, the Spaniards would abandon either of thefe to be at liberty to attack him ; but that he knew another town ftill more confiderable, and which they valued much more, .which was St. Omers. I told him that was im- pregnable as being furrounded with marihes, and might eafily be fupplied by means of the ca- nals of Gravelin, Dunkirk, and Bergue which •communicate with its marfties, that as thofe places had a great number of boats, the town might de- Eend upon its being, fupplied with all provifions ; ut that I would difpatch a courier that very day to inform your eminence of what had been pro- pofed, and that I was perfuaded you would do all you could to induce the king to comply with his highnefs's defire. This is all that pafi[ed at my fecond audience, to which I fhall wait your eminency's orders, as ^Ifo for concluding the treaty for the campaign, every thing being regulated according to your in- tentions. I fhall only add what the prince faid, that fo foon as he returned to the Hague, he would pro- cure commifllonerS to be appointed for renewing the treaty as has been done formerly, without naming any place. Waiting your eminency's an* fwer, lam, &c* •■%f\>T "iii-n ■Xii Cardinal of Count d'EsTRADEfi. n i above £s as an or two to raife faid he, iderable Liitwerp, fiderable 5 would o aftack lill more ch more, was im- (hes, and F the ca- ue which ofe places night de- ovifions i very day leen pro- Id do all widi hi& |a^dience, Vders, as impaign, your in* L that fo }uld pro- renewing without icy's an* Cardinal Cardinal Richlicu's letter to count .,, I d'Eftrades. . ^ Rouel, Jan. 6, i6}8. THE king cannot be better ierved than he is by you, and you have fo conducted your- felf with the prince of Orange, that I acknow- ledge with pieafure I have great fatisfadion in it. The king confents that you fhall agree to the prince's being; paid the two hundred thoufand crowns, for the levying of four new regiments of footi and to enable you to conclude the treatywith all fpetd, the king has given orders to monfieur de Bullion to fend to you, by the ficurs Hoeuf, bills of exchange, for the million to pay the or- dinary fubfidy of the year, as alfo two hundred thoufand crowns for levymg the four regiments^ which lad fum you are to take care be adlually employed to this ufe, and not diverted otherwife. As the king has great deference to the prince's advice, he allows you to promife in his name that he will lay fiege to St. Omer's, at the fame time the prince attacks Antwerp. 00^?^^ mrmk^B^i^- The king defires it may be inferted in the [treaty, that both his and the ftates army fliaH take the field, by the firft of May, in order to form the two fieges, fo that they may have time to intrench themfelves, before the enemy can af- |femble their army. The king's army Ihall confift of thirty thoufand foot, with an augmentation of four new regiments )f infantry, and eight thoufand cavalry. Do not fail to have an article exprefs in the treaty, ijpeci- 'ring this number of both foot and horfe. >'••'-. You have very (kilfuUy brought the prince cf )range both to agree to the ficge of Antwerp, 1 and 14 Letters and Negotiations and to name St. Omers for us. Continue to a£); in the fame manner, and I will take care of what re- gards your intereft. %. .i*,X -H Monfieur Chavi ignys ai >i d'l Aades. letter to count 1TAKE fuch a ftiare in every thing which re- gards you, that I could not fatisfy myfelf if I did not declare it. It muft be agreeable to you to i be informed, that his eminence fpoke of you for half zn hour without interruption, in praife of your addrefs and conduft in tlie conferences youf had with the prince of Orange. He has put you down in the lift of fuch as are to have confider- able governments, and has fpoke of you to the| king in fo obliging a manner, that he diftinguiih- ed you from all others now employed. Believe,! Sir, that nobody can rejoice at this more than 1.1 I have nothing to add to what his eminence hasi wrote you v but that you are to infert the famej articles as are contained in the treaty of 1637, and j)articularly the fifty fliips which the ftates are! to keep on the coaft of Flanders, from the the if of May to the ift of November. I fee no other alteration, but that of openim the campaign by the firit of May, and the numj ber of troops, which is to be greater than that o| laft year. I have had a little difpute with monj fieur dc Noyers, about raifing the four new k\ giments. He fays, as they are to be levie -at the king's charge, and on the frontieis France and the country of Liege, it is his bulij nefe to take cognifance of it ; and I pretend thij as I am fccreta^y of ftate for foreign affairs, ,.«.;. belor gineers t Bergen-c three lea^ return in the ni vered; j quick-fan in the p cable. He ha< artillery, Sreed on of Count d'FSTRADES. t$ belongs to my office to take dare of what is done in a foreign country, and include, as beir^ my province, the fum of one hundred thoufand livres, which is ftoped out of the million of fubfidy, for paying of the penlions of the French officers that are in the fervice of the ftates. If his eminence ihould write you any thing of this, I defire you would inform him that fuch affairs have always belonged to my office. Count dT/flrades to the cardin^« \'-Ai- Hague, Jan. t6, 1639. YOUR eminence gave me fubjeft, whereby to make my court to the prince of Orange^ by the contents of the laft difpatch you honoured me with. s-i/ff . He is mightily pleafed with your readinefs to grant every thing he has a(ked. I catf with con- fidence alTure your eminence, he has the fiege of Antwerp fo much at heart, that there is not a day but he is at work to prepare every thing neceflary for fucceeding in that enterprize; and he has fent fix officers and fome experienced en- gineers to found, at low-water, . the pafTage from Bergen-op-zoom to the dike of Callo, which is three leagues broad : they have orders to go^and return three times,' and take their foundings in the night time, that they may not be difco^ vered ; and take notice of the depth of the quick-fands and foftefl places, and plant flakes in the places that are nrmeft and mofl practi- cable. V • "■'■■' / fv He has given full directions as to the train of artillery, boats, and carriages ; and we have a- greed on almoft every article of the treaty. His highnefs w l6 Letters <;W Negotiations \ highnefs has named deputies, and we have been upon it for two hours ; and to-morrow we fliall^ without fail, have every thing concluded, and I (hall in a day after part from hence to render your eminence an account of all that has pafled^ ' The prince of Oranse thinks proper to leave in blank the names of the places to be attacked ; and that they fhould be mentioned only after the armies have taken the field, in order that the fecret may not be difcovered. As a fecurity^ however, that there fhall be no alteration in the plan agreed on, the prince and I (ign a feparate fecret article, in which St. Omers aiid Antwerp are exprefsly named. Monfieur HoeuPs nephew has been with me, and brought along with him bills of exchange of 1^600,000 livres. We went together to the prince of Orange, who was well pleafed with the alTur- ance monfieur Hceuf gave him of the punAua- lity of the payment of the bills, and, after this, the prince denred me to acquaint your eminence, ^ that it was both pleafant and fafe to do buCi- nefs with you, and for the future he would afk no formal treaty, but barely your word in any affair. I afllired him that the confidence your eminence repofed in him was as great. :« It was agreed on, at this meeting, that the 200,000 crowns for the levying the four regiments fhould be paid to his highnefs's treafurer to be em- ployed to that ufe ; and as to the million, that it fhould bs paid, by quarterly payments, into the treafury of the ftates, deducing 100,000 livres appointed for paying the penfions of the French officers in the fervice of the flates ; that the faid fum fhould be put into the hands of monfieur Chavigny, as it had been before, being fecretary for foreign affairs, to be paid according to the king's appointment, he taking the proper receipts. The The I war tc and as Oiepp asfooh Can marefcha o<^May, tKe ^enth The m time on tJ '5>ooom( ^rcfs the i at that tiifl ^ith the d fof be afll the reafon wJiich can the greatefl Agreed on j ^n this III r ^ofyou the -^-quain formed ftqi bought up , ^ent to Ant , fja'ne is Ma I tne king of idek ffed^ cave itdi t the t the The prince of Oranee has ordered twd men of war to be ready 4t Sdieveling to conduA me iafe, and as the wiiid is at horth-ealt, I hope to be at Dieppe in two days, and to be with your eminence as iooh as this letter. Cardinal Richlieu to count d'Eftrades. April, 20,,X:p^- lQ3% If HAA^E difpatched Saladin to inform yoii, I that the king's army under the command of inarefchal Chatillon, willlegin their march the firft • - of May, in order to fit down before St. Omers by , the iertth of that month. The marefchal de la force fhall fee at the fariid iime on the frontiers of Hainault, With an army of 1 5,000 men, to give the enemy umbrage on that fide. Prefs the p/ince of Orange to take the field exaftly at that time, as agreed upon. You are acquainted with the ilownefs of his nature, and that he loves td be aflured of things before he afts, which is ; ' - the reafon that opportunities are very often Ibft^^ which can never be recovered i fo that what is of the grcateft importance to us, is to invefl the places agreed on as foon as poffible. You are concerned in this in point of interefr, as I intend to procure fof you the government of St. Omers. A ::quaint the prince of Orange that I am in- ^ formed frqm Amfterdam, that the Spaniards have bought up 300,000 weight of gun-powder to be fent to Antwelp, and that by means of one whofe hafne is Marcellu^, a merchant, who is agent for the king of Denmark. I am, &c. ns#i j> .'I :-:%.'^W^* ** I f^i. J> »*4f* •■fi" sffr^ Count r*; - ■•' -i'l '?* i8 Letters and Negolklions Count d'Eftrades to cardinal Richlieu. April 29, tTjt. SALADIN is juft arrived, and found me in the road of Dort, in my boat cloie by the prince of Orange's yacht, who is embarked him- ielf and aH his army in 6,000 boats. We (hall by to-morrow pafs through the Kell, and may arrive, if the wind favours, the fourth or fifth of May at Bcrgen-op-zoom. It will take up two days at leaft to put alhore our artillery anfl infan- try, the cavalry are already arrived there by land with the waggons. The prince of Orange was much pleafed to hear the king's army was to be before St. Omers by the 13th of May. He alTured me that he ihould in that time have 10,000 men in Flan- ders, by the d*ke of Callo. I ipoke to him of the information your emi- nence had relating to Marcellus the merchant. He told me he knew of it, and that he had wrote to the magiftrates of Amfterdam to have him arrefted and brought to juftice, and that he expefted an anfwer. Next day the prince fent for me : I found him extremely angry, and, after throwing his hat down on the table, he told me. That the magiftrates of Amfterdam had fent one of their body to him, to tell him, that purfuant to his orders, they had fent to find out Marcellus, to be interrogated in relation to the trade which he carried on with the enemies of the ftates, and as to the freighting of fhips ta tarry gun-powder to Antwerp : his anfwer was. That he knew nothing of that affair ; that he was the king of Denmark's refident for the trade of the Baltic ; that, if they defigned ajuy rupture, they had only -.to telcj hiaAi as to chant had i with owned he kn< BeyJan brougf ^t\d ex; tiie ene Amfter that he for the one hin and that them, i Jfade, h inouJd T\ ^pon th. acquitted ^on, ancf chants of Tht pi elation o] <^ut any A *o admirJ ^e/TeJs wh] 'powder, out an ore Wards to. ^hofe brut knemies tl Jam once i K<>W, th Wi m^ bf Count JlSsf RAU^i; I j^ to 1^ him know, and he would be gone to his tnafter the king. He was afterwards quefhoned as to 10,000 crowns, which he had Ic.t a mer- chant named Beyland, who was the perfon that had freighted four fly-boats Which were loaded with mufquets^ pikes, and Run-powder. He owned he had lent that fum to Beyland •, but that he knew net what ufe he had made of it« This Beyland was taken up and put into prifon^ and brought before the burgo-maflers of Amfterdam, and examined as to the trade he carried on with the enemy. His anfwer was. That the burgers of Amderaam had a right to trade every where, ana that he could name a hundred that were fadtoni for the merchants of Antwerp, and that he was one himfelf } that trade could not be ftopt ; and that, for his part, he would freely declare to them, if there was profit to be §pt, by the trade, he would pafs through hell, though he Aiould rifque the burning of the fhip's fails. Upon this, the magiftrates of Amfterdam, had acquitted him, as he only afted by commif- fion, and on account of his principals, the mer^ chants of iintwerp. The prince was extremely difpleafed with this relation of the deputy j and fent him back with- out any anfwer. He immediately /ent an exprefs to admiral Tromp, with orders to fend to the TeXel, to caufe to be put under arreft, the four v^flels which Were loaded with the arms and gun- powder, and that they (hould not be let go with- out an order from him. You fee, fays he, after- j wards to me, what patience one muft have with Itliofe brutes of merchants. I have no greater I enemies than the people of Amfterdam ; but if I lam once mafter of Antwerp, I fhall bring them fo low, that they fhall never get up again. ' C 2 the to : The wm^ bcin^ nqw northerly,, we arp juft go* ihg tQ fet fally. W I &al n^ letfier^. in or^ t^t d}5)atch Saladia. I am* &c. * Caidingl de JEUchtieu's inftnidtions to camt d'Effarades, on bis being fent fromjdie king tt) the duchcfs of Savoy. ^'^^^ J^Hi^i /^ Dec. 5, 4^48« THE count d*Eftrades is to know, that oa certain information which the king has of fome negotiations carried on by father Monot a jefuit. Between the faid duchefs and prince Thomas, and the cardinal of Savoy, in order to engage her to make up matters with Sjiain, and to break off her alliance with his majefty, he has made choice of the faid count to be lent to the faid ducheis, to inform her of the treachery of her confel!^r, father ' Monot, and to prevail with her confent to his beink put under arTefl. j 'As ihe has great confidence m this father, and will be very unwilling to confent to this, after difcoveiins her fentiments, in cafe they do no^ agree with thofe of the king, the count is then to acquaint her, that, provided ihe will agree to have father Monot fecured, his majefty ^a^d . ordered the faid count to aflure her, that the ^ dauphin fhould marry the princefs Adelaide^ and although it muft be a long time before fuch aft alliance could take place, yet Ihe Ihould be a0ured of it, by all thead$ ntcelTary on fuch contracts. If this propofel be not fufficient to engage the duchefs to confci^ to what is defired of her, tlie count d'Eftrades fhall go in perfon, with 1000 /) V dragoons, which the cardinal de fa Yalctte will dJi foi^^- '^' ^ *^- ^^"^^ ^ ^h ^^ ^'^/ '/^ • ^^' 7) ^tAk. \ Com THE I^ without b the 14th, I iete's, to delivered \ extrcineJy belongs to and confic I ihould fi to what tJ] fe/Ted with ^ad been i to no purp] waiting on prefented rj' better, and nation whi eorte^onde] ^t Spaniai /Thomas anl [larked, her ^a-vv^^ t9> hfi king , that oa ng has of Monot a id prince n onkr to Spin, 4"^ lajefty, he be fent ta ; treachery to previul \der arteft. [ather, and this, after jy do not count is le will agree lajefty W ,r, that the leiaide7?in^ jre fuch afi idbeafluredl contrafts. engage the of her, tl\e with looo Yalctte will Bii^^i fetm .M. fe Kiwi be ihfoitned hy iifii^ aind^^l^cing mm in junDufcade near Yvree, yftkxt the fa^er Monot now is, lie is to go from tterkie to give the cardinal of Savoy a meeting, to iqibrm mm of her royal highnefs's laft reiblu- dofi^. The count is tp communicate hi^ inftruc* imii[ to the carciina) de la Valette, and aA in i^ncert Wim hini in this affur, which is of gre^ importance to the Idng. VTTi! V ; Count d*Mradc8 to cardinal Richlieu. ' ^V ' Turin, Dec. 17, «f-rj9i/o3 THE fhow and ibgs have been fb great, that | I Was two days at the foot of mount Cenis, " without being able to jget over it. I arrived here '^ the 14^1, and alighted at the cardinal de la Va- ' letfc's, to whom I fliewed my ipftruftions, an<| ^ delivered him your cminency's credentials. 1 was * e?ttrcmcly well received; and it isfufficient if one belongs to your eminence, to have the friendfhipl < arid confidence of this cardinal. He told me- I fhould find the duchefs of Savoy very averfe to what the king intended; Ihe Was (b prepof^ > feffed with father Monot's fidelity, that all whic^^y had been done, in order to undeceive her, was'1 _ to no purpofe. He thought proper to delay my^ waiting on the duchefs till next day, and then prefented me to her; and I delivered the king's tettfer, and explained very fully to her the infer- .^ ' mation which your eminence had of the fecret?*^" correfpondence carried on by father Monot with the Spaniards, by the interpofition of prince Thomas and the cardinal of Savoy, which re-;- jgar4ed.her highnefs's own perfon and that of C 3 • th9 1; ''■ «ie youi>g duke her foju whi^ cppJ4 pqit. i^^HWft fefafipty, Without;^ qv^^l:, i^4 *!« an Q«|^ .rcr medy, which vws t:o tn^fe a, toriftoe^ ^^flS?"^ NIonot, and examM Win atj^ljt the CQp^^i^ dence he parried pn with the enemy, • ' . Sh? anfWered, That the pro^ky^nd^elftypf father Monot wa« fi? wellknoijw^ tO %, that §^ •^ould anlWer fpr him :^ mvijch ^^ &■ kerfetf i t|wt flie had been lojig ago f^iliSe, Thie jia4 , W offices done him, in ordeip to remove him from her perfon ; but that flie could not believe, till now, ii^s erremrcs had been lb very malicious, as to give umbrage tp your eminence by falfe in- (inuations. tha| Ihe was vfipy ijuff for it» ^and begged or me to write to your eminence, that the good father hf|d never fpoke or counfelled her to iany thing contr^ ta fhe (Juiy which Ihf #^ to the king, or to wh^t ihe might promife to h|r- felf from your eminency's friendfhip, I told her, That her highnefs jmight be impofed l^pon by the artifice pf a monk^ who has the go* veiiiment of her conference, and makes ufe pf his credit with her in order to fucceedJn his projedls, without letting it appear, as he was not lUfpefted, but that fhe ought to yield to the ad- vice given by your eminence, as a perfon who 4pes not believe ruiiiQurs on flight grounds, but takes time to have them verified oy the great corre^onr dence you hadi whfit I told ner had been confirmed by letters intercepted, the very origin nals of which were in youir eminency's hands, and even by perfpns who had been prefcnt at twq meetings, wmch father Mpnpt had with the prjn^ She complained much of the king and your eniinency*s treatment of her, in defiring to re- move from her one that was faithful and her con- felTor. She faidj She had facrificed every thing ■tf^i'* W to e «nd if^ ftcifi edy^ai on wl fider^ giveh cminei own p fon,. ai to the j <»f the had fa< vice; 1 of her ( by fuch made u taken tl fl>e Jive for tht I which tJ mijy: tJ extraord army foi laying i had coft was obJi^ her dom what I hi iook aboi pofed upc Monot, im from leve, till ialitious, falfe in- ' it» }^^^ , that the led her to ,ife to h|r- je wnpoied Las the go» fiakics ufe •eedjn his [he was pot to the ad- |nwho4oes but takes corre§)on^ had been [very origin :y's hands, 'intattwQ ;he prin- r and your [ring to re- fid her con- every thing m ^stme thte Minif^ikici n^ ready to do k 6l^r !a0i||i, to be.*dnnN! out? of her ^iGJknlnk>n6y aftd ^j^ped of eray thingy is flu had afa«ddy beeti^ (ider whether it. was doing her any violence to give her advice on the part of the king and your eminence, which fsended to the prefcrvation of her own perfon, and that of rb luke of Savoy her fon,, and to maintain her ^^rity in oppofit^on to- the princes, who would willingly chafe her out ^ the country, and from the government : I was furprized to hear her complain, and to givt out fhe had facrificed every thing for the king's fer- vice; that fhe had^ forgot it was the princes of her own family, afTifled by the Spaniards and by fuch intrigues and plots as father Monot now made ufe of, that had driven her from Turin, taken the city, and plundered the palace in which fhe lived : though fhe was much to be blamed for the little precaution fhe took againft the cabals, which the princes of Savoy carried on in. her fa- mily: the king, however, had continued to ittake extraordinary efforts, even to the rifque of his army for reftoring her, by fuccouring Cafal, and laying liege to Turin, the taking of which had cofl his majefly immenfe fums, to whom fhe was obliged for being glorioufly re-effeiblifhed in her dominions : 1 begged of her to hearken to what I had faid to her *, that it was high time to look about her, and not to allow herfelf to be im-r pofed upon by evil-minded perfons, fuch as father Monot^ who had as great a plot againfl her, and C 4' ■ the I > ■ n 24 Letter*^ and N^goliatioos the (lake her fbn, as that ^i^ch broke out when Turin ^' as taken by the princes; and tbat^ I was obli^d to tell r once more that- if Ihe would rumherfelf, ^ king and your eminence would neither have Ki. power nor inclination to afTijOb'h^r \ but i^ on the othee> hand^ flie complied with th^ king's requeft, I had orders from h}ft ma- jefty to piopofe the mairiage of the dauphin,' al- though only in the cradle, sdth the princefs Ade- iaide^ and the prc^r writings Sar that end fhould fbe pafled in. due form, as a fecurity for perform- ing what fhould be agreed on, and fhewed her the king's order contained in. my inftrudhons for >|naking this proportion, h; t . , Her royal highnefs anfwered, It would be a great honour to her, but her age and that of the dauphin did not allow her to hope that (he could live to fee fo great an honour and felicity happen toherfamily* >M(i She afterwards fpoke to me in a milder way, and faid, If (he had ariy proofs that father Mo>- not Jid betray her, fhe would be the firft to puniih him. I pbferved from thence that my laft pro- pofal was not difagreeable to her, and thought it proper tp retire and leave her to herfelf, to give her time to reflet on what had paffed in this firft conference j and as I was going, fhe faid. That next day fhe would fee me again, and that I fhould jcome at two o'clock in the afternoon. si^iijr .1 went to wait of cardinal de la Valette, and gave him an account of all that had pafTed, with which he fcemed tp be very well pteafed: he fhewed mo»two notes he had received by his fpies, that aflured him father Monot was to fet out as foon as it was day to go to a caftle called Villa Nova, three leagues diftance from Yvree, which had^made the cardinal refolve to give orders to the jthoiifand troopers to place and divide themfelvcs ^i-* ■-* Pn "' ■§■ m die two roads tHat led from Yvr6c, in order to feize father Monot 5 which fucceeded fo weH, *hat next day, about eleven in the morning, the news was brought to the cardinal de la Valette Jthat father Monot was made prifoner. He imme- cHa^ (Hfpatched his lieutenant of guards, with thirty troopers, to cbndua him to Pignerol, and a thoufkna horfe more to convoy them without pafling by Turin. The duchefs of Savoy had an account of this at noon. She fent to deiire the cardinal ue Ta Valette would come to her 5 and I weht in Gom- pany< Chie cannot dei^ribe the traniports of her grief and pafllion: (he immediately fell upon me, and told me I had deceived her, and had amufed her with fine fpeeches, by propoOng a match with the dauphin. /I anfwered not a word; l>ut the cardinal took my part, and yfored her (hat the king and your eminence were bothfincere : to wluch 8ie anfwered, with tears. Cart I receive a ereater mark of difhonour, than to make a pri- toner of one of my domeftic^, in my own domi- luons;: and to carry him to a place which does not belong to me ? If he had been left in any placeof mine, I might have aniwered for him. i then took up the difcourfe, and begged of the cardinal de la Valette that he would lend an ex- prefs to your eminence, fignifying her royal high- nefs's requeft ', or if he would employ me for that purpofe, a:: being better able to give an exafl ac- count of her highnefs's good intentions, and I hoped that your eminence might prevail with the king to grant what her royal highnefs defired, that father Monot fhould be confined in fome ftrong place of her dominions. This was approved of by her highnefs and the cardlaai de la Valette, and I Ihall fet out from hence to-morrow, againft id^hich time we expeft to he^r that fatfier Monot t '* is put into the citadel of Pignorol. I w89 i.«)t willing to lofe a poft, without informing your entinence of all ichsit pUflecL ' - , ■ an)) &c. , t .-,*•■ " ■ ' . ■ :■■• ' • ;■ . , . . . . ■ ,. ■ ■ ; .- ■ ru '■: Cardinal Richlieu to .count d'Eftrades. : IPISPATOH tio y Dieppe, Havre d^ Qrace and Bred;, with orws to the rei|)eftive l^overnqrs to aflift the ftates, with all warlike ftorcs, men, ' and fliipping, when re(juired. Cbunt ^j'.^y}^i IS l.tlt yovir )0a cer- nil €onr wkd : by aman w t.l2,QQO Tdil the „ ifeim* as [his orders ihipe fit Idng^has U warlike jd. Count Count cl'Hftrades to cardinal Richlieu^ n 1 . , I T> Augoft 26, 1639* i- ^ T Gave an atcdUnt to the prince of Orange o( I the great fleets which is 6tting put in Spain* ^ which he had no advice before ; but next dav he received an exprefs fent him by the firft cleric of the fecretary's office belonging to the governor general, whom he had bri&d by Confiderable prefents, and who writes him all the particulara of the deigns of the Spaniards. All that your eminence writes me is contained in this account, excepting only that don Antonio. Doguendo has orders to remain in the Downs, that he inay not hazard any engagement, only to put the infantry on board the Dunkirk fqiiadron, to oe traniported into l^'landers, which is to be aflifted even by the Engliih fleet» ?^? m After the prince of Ofange had this confirma*. tion c^the advice your eminence fent kim, I found that he inclined to equip two fquadrons; the one to b^ commanded by vice-admiral Tromp, which is to condft of fifty men of war, and twenty fire* fhips ; they are to be ready in ten days time, with orders to fail to the chops of th? channel, there ^ to meet theSpanifh fieet, and to fight with it| the other fquaoron to confift of forty men of war, , and ten fire-fhips, to be commanded by the vice- admiral of Zealand, John Evreflens, which is' to cruize between Dunkirk and the Downs, to ob* ^ ferve ^the Dunkirk fquadron, and to join admiral ^ Tromp, if there fhould be occalion. I had ho Qccafion to urge the prince to give or*^ - ders for this great equipment : he found the rea-r ^ Tons contained in your eminejicy*s letters fo ftrong* that hf told me immediately, all ought to be \S^'^T'' ' ' /' " ' done !}■* «8 I^etters a?td Nbgdtiatit>ns done that you defired, and, to execute them the better, he would go in perfon, and encamp near to Bd^fr-bp^a^oom, in (eirder tb nt&ta th<;ie^uip- ment of the fquadrons both of Zealand and Hol- land, thiis plate being fituated in the midft Oti tl^efe t»o ftdmftafties, Wher6 hfe might b^ i)- IbMH^) e<«efv day, vdth ¥i4iat d^^igence his crdd« W^ft5 eXJicttted* tilt |*ihice his this bufinefe To rtfecii at !i*iart, that }i6 difpatches, every day, four gentlenieii it) the fiiV^^ adnirakites, to brhf^ him ^n tttCdmit hSifr ^%'3i^ %!(*«% ,■■•■■ - • \'-m&'. -Mi^^^if j;'ti''^:if .n^f^fiti-i;^!* mifm^'^mr--:?^}.'^ 3p Letters find N^^gotiotidns oi> Counld'Eftrtdes to cardinal Riohli^uivi^ ;ni«i ' |iK*^nti'> i)fii t Bergeii^op«0om» Sepf. ia» i6s9. IDifpatch this courier to your eminence to inibroiyou of the defeat ot the SpanHh fl, ias great a trufl, as could be put upon any «nan, and c^nou^h to have purged a blood that had fome He was this year ffent >^m - $ . lanftuary MiQb tpo fiPb^'y MndMtoqd our fmkitton» 9f4 b«u9f ;(A. thi» tifpe ftfoignknod by «i snangr iiMye frM^ (hip«» a9 He hud M fidt even in our ifiyy.^riiL^tlicquod (httr^pfmUrds i which. lud fm:.lmbm)^mr> imd mnsihnod our flc»8t u tJiofe of Holland did theirp^ .th«l admimU would llliyncopfidfv^rtwicaift before ho had ai6ted looce •» inm} 9i mih^Ue^ Englilh sdmirtdi would hai^c inPQiM:>in«ir Qahii nmibr't, his nsdioo's, diid hit own honor, ijb#n ^q bo fo uaaoncevped, sm oun ^fflfi^r jPui.thfi ijjqqelof this ftory^ when w* iball fo4vtbi#:8»^l i»r^» contrary to bi$ prince's confti- fiMnd» (whoihtid fo much iq his honour incited y^^mfii .11^ him) delitvering it up into the huodi rfjibfi ^affi oif .W^wi^kv lor the fei^ice of the iiwo i^i^iifo^i ^ not unto Sir John Penningtonk ML^e.rJ^ing^ tequired,.MWiU explic»tie aU this »biiSi^qB iJiii iot Jxa. W^wMk'* Men^iri, p. njF. ^f^ -loionrA u::-:oi_iii:i:;.::-i '^it*^ r 'i-i ^m •TllVOVt TO ---^-i . • >-;..., :):■■ ifu's inftrudloi^ tQ, cpiwt rif^iJG jti^g bfing ftti?fod wirti th^ count hJL ?tf#fty ha^ intruftcd to him» WA partif ulaily hi* conduift in the hu0«?6 of thf di^ft of ^yoy, h^ now made choiije pf .him ^s a fr<;% ip^rk <^ the conW^nce be ha* in hin^ u^ gf^ intoHoiland, to fettle th? treaty relating to ^operation? of this year's cwipaign^ . He ji^ tp teU the prints? of Orange from jaci ihat thf J mi^«une? of the isampaigti w % Omer? la^fl; be^fPpiyared by fonw^^twrpite rfjppe|it» Mi^iiiiaiii , . and tnd that he has orders from me to tell him, that i will tsikc and fottow his adrice in the choice of the pla6» to be attacked ^ but at the fame time to endeavour to inclint the prince to advife me to be- fiege Air, this beiHg what the marefchal Meillcrayt propoies to me, and this will have the fame efpSft as that of St. Omers. But in order co (divert thft ^nemy from alt^mUing any army on the neir moat, ^ick might hindefr making lines olf ck*- tuniVallation, it would be neceflary that the Drince of Orange, with his army, IHould march intA ganders ten days before the king*^ army takes ^ Beld, which win ob^e the enemy to al^mble an army for their own defence againU the princq and by that moans the king's army may ^nd means to pafs the new moat, and to form tiieir line without oppoficion. If the prince of Orange demands a fublidy •equal to that of laft year, the count d*£{trades is to toO him, that he is not imbowered to grant a miJlioii as 'ih former years, and as the prince will not bf engaged in any fiege this campaign, the expencc wifi be much leTs than laft year. But if. he infiAt not t» take the field ten days fooneo than the king's army without an augmentation of tlife fubfi^« when the worft happens you may s\gree to the fum of 300,000 livres addition. ^ , .,, V^iih \„ ;"' The count d'Eftradcs is to obfenre to have li inferted in the treaty, that the Heet of fifty men of war, under the command of admiral Tromp^ jhall be on the coaft of Flanders by the loth oif April, and remain theire till the i^di of Novem- ber, in order to a^ %ainlO: the common enesi^^. He is tb ^ive the princefs of Orange as .a pre-r fent from the iking the diamond ear-nn^ wmdi te^ fold, tne for '56,000 crowns to'aSure her c^ tey re&efb^ and to accjuaint her that Ihe t>wei d^^p^iicatidn w^ne/'^"'*' ^^^-^^^^ -'^■^^^ . --^ -^v ;- - _ -. „ ', • /■ . -.Count II ■»? ■^% [}i] tetters ^ and march to Namur, which wouid draw off die troopa that were quartered in the country of Waes^ and : neighbourhood of Antwerp, and to give hini time to open the trenches. I replied, The king could not fubfift his army, that the convoys would be inter- cepted by the garrifon of Charlemont, and Phi^ lippevelle and Manenbuig, but that a thought had come into my mind fuggeftedfrom the overture hq had made, by propofing that the king's army /liould take the field fifteen days fooner than that of the fl;ates, and that it fhould march to Namur in order to draw off the troops in the neighbour-? hood of Antwerp, that it would be worth confider- ':. ation, whether it would not be more fure if the di^ ; verfion propofed lliould be made by his highnefs's taking the field a fortnight fooricr than the king, : and that by encamping on the canal of Bruges • while the king fliould befiege Air, which would, anfwer the fame Purpoi'e, as to opening the way , into FianderSi as the taking St. Omers, and would • facilitate the joining of the two armies, which could be done with eafe at Dixmunde after the taking of Air. it ^ • ..^ ■ - /ji ^..' env^j The prince approved the propofal I made ana, took a map, and after examining the fituation of D Air, Jr.; .{ % ^^^ 34 Letters and Negotiations Air, he agreed it was the beft defign that could be taken, he demanded the fame fubfidy as laft year. I anfwered, That could not be granted, as he was to undertake no fiege, but if, after the taking of Air, he v/ould engage to befiege Bruges or Ghent, I aflured him that your emi- nence would fpeak to the king in his favour, to obtain fome augmentation, but at prefent no fuch thing could be expedled. We agreed on this point, as to the others the deputies will meet to-morrow, and before the day is over the treaty Ihallbe figned, and I take my departure from hence to be the bearer of it my- felf to your eminency. . ^ I am, &c. ( A memorial given by Henry prince of Orange to count d'Eftrades, on his going into France^ Dec. 15, 1641. 1HAVE for fome time paft obferved that the progrefs of the king's arms in Flanders gives great umbrage to the ftates and their fubjeds, and I have been prefled feveral times not to en- gage, during the campaigns in any enterprize that might facilitate the king's making any new conquefts in the Low Countries. I have, how- .ever continued to do all in my power to favour the kings defigns •, notwithftanding all the remon- ftrances which have been made, and the bad dif- pofition of the people of this country, but I think it prudent to feem to comply with the humour of the times, and to find out fome means to remove thofe jealoufies, fo I am of opinion, if the king would next campaign turn his arms on the fide of Catalonia ox Italy, that he would give me time 3 and . of Count d'E s T R A D E s. 35 arid opportunity to remove thofe impreflions which are now on the minds of the people of this coun- try, and to cure them of the jealoufy they enter- tain, that they are to be more afraid of the king's power than that of the king of Spain. This is what I defire count d'Eftrades would give the cardinal to underftand, and to aflure him, at the fame time, that this will not hinder me from taking the field with an army of 20,000 foot and 6,000 horfe to find employment for the Spanilh army, and to hinder their undertaking any thing againft France, whilft the king is at a diftance. I will undertake moreover to match both the Spanifti and imperial armies, and to put myfelf in condition to be able to fuccour count de Goebriant who now commands the king's army on the fron- liers of the eleftorate of Cologne, and in order to be nearer at hand to fuccour him, I will encamp my army in the neighbourhood of the Boifleduc. I in- treat count d'Eftrades fully to reprefent to the car- dinal all the aforefaid, fo as he may approve of my Sentiments, and fo to form the projed of the next campaign on that foot, and fign a treaty accord- ingly. I will add a thought that occurs to me, and which the count may infinuate with his ufual ad- drefs into the cardinal, v/hich is this, that if he will afTift me with ten gallies and 3,000 land forces, I will fend admiral Tromp with fifty men of war and 6,000 land forces to join the king's gallies, either at Toulon or Marfcilles, and will give orders to the officer that fhall command to go and make a defcent, either on Majorca or Minorca ; and this defign fucceeding, as I hope, I will order a fqua- dron to remain there, in order to be ready to join the king's fleet as occafion may offer. 4.' D 2 Count 36 % Letters end Negotiatio«| i. ,4-.. 'U^f.fJi ^^vM^ >HVfif> kAf J\.. ^.}'p' ' Count d'Eftrades to the prince of Orange. ^ >.^.;:i.^|AU-^" >. ■.-.•- Paris, - . - - ^ .-/i64i. ■^'"' Monleigneuf, *;:^^ :^ •'^;?^'^ MY paflage h^ hot been fo quick as I could have wifhed, the wind being contrary obli- ged me to land on the coaft of England. ' I reprefented to his eminency, the cardinal, all that your highnefs charged me with in your me- morial. He was well pleafed with the inftruftions, as well in relation to the project of the king's bend- ing his forces on the fide of Catalonia and Italy, as that of finding diverfion for the Spanilh army in Flanders •, as likewife the fecuring count de Goebriant if the troops of the emperor and Spain fhould join to attack him. His eminence has ac- quainted the king with this propofal, as alfo of your highnefs*s thought of taking a fit opportunity to manage the ftates and people of Holland, and to undeceive them as to their jealoufy of the king's power, infpired no doubt by our enemies. His majefty approved of all thefe reafons, and has, taken a refolution to turn his arms this cam- paign, either on the fide of Catalonia or Italy. I ought to acquaint your highnefs, that his emi- nence laboured very much to bring the council to take this refolution, finding by what I repre- fented to him from you, that your highnefs de- fired the great effort this campaign fhould be made oi\ fome country remote from Flanders. Before fpeaking to the cardinal in relation to the projeft your highnefs communicated to me of the defign on Majorca or Minorca, I thought proper to mention it, as proceeding from myfelf, without engaging your highnefs ; and- for this end, finding his eminence alone, I told him of it as if my own, 3 that & - 1l 642. could r obli- lal, all ar me- 6tions, J bend- \ Italy, h army )unt dc i Spain has ac- alfo of prtunity id, and e king's s. His ind has 5 cam- taly- Ihis emi-^ council I repre- nefs de- e made in to the of the Iroper to Without finding ly own, that '^ Count d'EsTRADES. 27 that as the ftates fleet had now no bufinefs on the <;oaft of Flanders, if he thought your highnefs could be engaged in any defign on Majorca or Mi- norca, you had 6,000 land forces ready to be put on board, and that if his eminencejudged it pro- per to join the fleet of the ftates with ten gallies, and fome infantry, I believed your highnefs might be prevailed with to join in the execution of fuch a projedl. His eminency*s anfwer was. That the king had occafion for his gallies either on the coafts of Cata- lonia or Italy, and he thought it more for the advan- tage of the common caufe, that the ftates Ihould have their fleet in the channel, and that the 6,000 foot ihould remain in readinefs to join your high-, nefs if there fliould be occafion. This anfwer, Ihewing his fentiments, I fpoke no more of it to his eminence -, he then told me, he would difpatch, me in a week's time, with a draught of a treaty for the next campaign. Cardinal Richlieu to count d'Eftrades, :* ■' ■■'••• Rouel, May 13, 1642. I SEND Dalidor, in whom I confide, exprefs to you, to inform you of aflfairs of importance which will furprize you. I doubt not, but as you have ftiewn yourfelf to tje my friend in the higheit degree, you will therefore do all in your power to prevail with the prince of Orange to give me a proof of his friendiliip on this occafion. — Yqu. are to know then that Cinque Mars, has entered into a plot againft me, and has endeavoured to. fupplant me with the king, and God has been pleafed to punifli his ingratitude, by depriving hiin, of judgment, and has made him take fuch mcafures D 3 a& ■it' 38 Letters atid Negotiations as have fliewn to the king my innocence, and the goodnefs of my intentions. Though this ungrateful man be ftill about the king's perfon, and has done all he can to hinder the king's journey into RoutfiUon, which I ad- vifed as neceflary for his fervice •, yet he continues to praftife on the people at court againft me, par- ticularly Treville, Tilladet, and fome others, iox whom the king has fome efteem; I have realon to think the dukes of Orleans and Bouillon arc in the plot, and the latter being nephew to the prince of Orange, he nviiy engage him alfo to take part againft me, which has rn uie mt fend exprefs to you Dalidor that you may prepoflefs the prince, and make ufe of all t'le crediC you have with him to incline him to make it appear on this occafion, that he continues to have for me the fame efteera and friendfhip he h?is always fhewn heretofore. It will be fuiHcient for this purpofe that you put hjm in mind that he has often told you, it is prin- cipally owing to the confidence in my care and ap- plication, tl at he continues to be attached to the intereft of France, and makes him refufe the of- fers of Spain;, that his opinion of me, in thofe matters, is well known to all who are employed in Hate afTairs ; and that while the people ftrive to wound my reputation, and blacken my condud, by giving the king bad impreflions of me, it would not only be to my advantage, but likewife ho- nour, that he would continue to explain himfelf in my favour, and to teftify both by his words and aflions, that it is the fafety he finds in my condud and the fmcerity he has always found in my inten- tions, that makes him enter into what concerns me, and as he is perfuaded I continue to be the fame perfon, he for that reafon continued to have the fame fentiments of me. Such an explanation as this, from a prince of fo great penetration, would be of Camt d*EsTRADEs. 3^ be of great advantage to me, efpecially as fome- thing of it mull be heard of here which will have vpry gooi effects, and I fliall be very much obliged to :ou for th'^ ' ire you take of my intereft on thl«» occalloa. lljere is siK^ther affair to be managed with the pj ince of Orange, which is of importance to the king's fervice, and on which depends the prefer- vation of all the affairs of Germany, and that of the perfon, -md whole army of count Goebriant ; he writer at by Armor, his aid de camp, that he is on hm march to enter into the country of Cologne, and is followed by Axell, at the head of the em- ?eror's army of a confiderable force, who expe<5ls jamboy to join him with 10,000 men more. Tlie aforefaid count has taken a refolution to march, and attack Lamboy to prevent his joining, and begs of me to prevail with the prince of Orange, to advance towards the Rhine with his army* and to ere<5t a bridge of boats fo as to be able to join him if there ihould be occafion, as he has certain advice that the Spanifli army will join that of the emperor as foon as Axell arrives on the Rhine, in order to fall upon him jointly. You fee of what great confequence it will be to the king's fei-vice, to prefs the prince of Orange to march with all diligence with his army, in or- der to join that under count Goebfiant, \ As you may have occafion to diftribute fomc money to fuch perfons as may affift you in the fuc- cefs of the affair you are employed in, I have fent you a bill of exchange of 1 00,000 livres, diredbed to M. Hosuft, to be paid to your order. I expe<5t from your addrefs and ability, good fuccefs in the affairs recommended to you, and will look upon them as the effedb of your friend* Ihip for me, and you may be affured of mine for you, and that I am, &c. D4 "THE 40 Letters and Negotiations f, ^ ■-Tir.'if y%' " THE contents of this letter, if we look into the hiftory of thofe times, Ihews the forefight and ftddrefs of the cardinal, in the revenge he medi- tated both againft the public and his own private (enemies. > ;• -X For Goebriant engaged Lamboy at Ordingen, near to Cologne, on the 1 6th of January 1 043, took him and Mercy both prifoners, who were fent into France and Ihut up in the caftle of Vin- cennes, and after this victory, Goebriant, who was for this fervice made a marefchal, made him- felf mafter of the towns of Ordingen, Nuys, and Campen, &c. This marefchal did not enjoy the honour long, for he died the 24th of November, in the year after, of a wound he received at the liege of a place called Rotweil. His corpfe was by the order of the then queen regent, buried in the church of Notre Dame in Paris, accompanied by all the fovereign courts, an honour done only to kings and princes of the blood, and it muft be ac- knowledged that he was a very great and fuc- cefsful commander, as well as faithful to his prince i for notwithftanding general Baniers, who in thofe days was at the head of the Swedes in the empire, had very much difobliged him, he faved both Baniers*s life and honour, by undertaking a march of no lefs than ten days, and relieved him out of the hands of the imperialifts, by whom he was in a manner befieged. No, no, faid he to an officer that would have difTuaded him, it is not juft that the good of the public Ihould fufFer by the quarrel of private perfons, and that I fhould^ in order to deftroy my enemies, allow the Swedes to be cut to pieces, who are the beft allies of France of Count d'EsTRADES. 4t France, and the deliverers of Germany. He ren- dered fuch another piece of fervice to Forftcnfon, who fucceeded Baniers in the command of the Swediih army, and from being himfeJf befieged, enabled him to lay fiege to Leipfic, and to defeat the arch-duke Leopold and general Puolomini, who covered it with an army of 20,000 men. If this marefchal was eminent in his way, hii lady was as extraordinary a perfon ; for Wicke- fort fays, that (he was the firic lady ; nay, he b*^ - lieves the only one^ who had taken upon herfelf the quality of an ambafladrefs. She accompanied the princefs Louifa of Mantua into Poland, who had been efpoufed to cing Uladiflaus, and believ- ed Ihe had no more to do but to put the queen to bed to the king her fpoufe : fhe found him fo poifoned with jealoufies, founded on fome rumours that had been malicioufly fpread, and even in let- ters wrote to that king by the marquis de Boif- daufin, that Ihe refolved to lend that queen back into France at any rate. And the charms of the queen, who was the moft beautiful princefs in Europe at that time, ferved only to increafe his fufpic'cns, and what fhould have inflamed, ren- dered him only more cold, by reafon of thofe ma- licious reports. Happy it was that the queen was attended by madam Goebriant, who, upon this occafion, fliewed a fuperiority of fpirit, which Uladiflaus could not long refift 5 fo that being overcome by the reafons flie ufed from good fenfe, decency, and policy, the marriage was at lafl: con- fummated : and the king, to teftify how much he was obliged to her, ordered the fame honours to be done %o the ambafladrefs, as had been perform- ed to the arch-duchefs of Infpruc, when flie brought his famous queen ^he emperor Ferdi- nand's daughter. • All -*v m^ 42 Letters and Negotiationsf , All this fcandal was found to be owing to Boif- daufin, out of revenge, becaiTe this queen had done the marquis fome bad offices in his addreflcs to madam de Choifi her confident, with whom he was defperateJy in love. Amelot de la HoufTai furniihes another anec- dote of this lady, that may appear diverting, viz. that one Charlevois, having feized on the govern- ment of Brifac, the marefchal's lady undertook to difpoflefs him ; for which purpofe (he went to Brifac, and took along with her a young gentle- woman, whom the governor loved very much ; and while the gentleman went out of the caftle to divert himfelf with his miftrefs, the lady maref- chaJ had him caught in the trap, and fent him prifoner to Philipfburg. This lady, fays my au- thor, was of great fpirit and formed for intrigues. She died in 1652, at the time the peace was con- cluded between France and Spain in the Perinees, and was nominated at that time firft lady of hon- our to the infant queen Mary Therefa. As to the marquis de Cinque ]VTars, mentioned in this letter, he was the fon of the marefchal d*Effiat, and a great favourite of Lewis XIII. and made ufe of as a fit inftrument to give the king bad imprefllons of the cardinal's adminiftra- tion. He was an inftance of the greateft ingrati- tude •, for he was brought into court by the cardi- 1 nal, and placed about the king, and puflied up to be grand ecuyer, the cardinal little fufpefting any ambition in the breafl of fo young a man, loving pleafure and vain. He was a fine perfon, and fervid with honour in the army, and was at the fiege of Arras in 164.0, and that of Perpignian in . 1642, which proved his ruin •, for there, it feems, he entered into an intrigue or treaty with the counl of Spain, which was difcovered by the quick- iighted cardinal, who had him watched and fpicd very , of Count d'B^T^ADts. 4||f very narrowly, with a defign to ruin him. On the difcovery of which plot, he was arreflcd at Narbonne, from thence conducted to Lyons, and there had his head ftruck off on the 12th of Sep- tember 1642, being then but 22 years of age ; a very unequal match for fuch a veteran in pon- tics : but his ftory is to be found at large in the memoirs and hiftories of thofe times, as alio the part the duke of Bouillon aded in that affair. We may be allowed to make one remark further, that for a minifter to employ the intereft of a foreign court to preferve and continue himfelf in place is no new thing, and indeed he ftood in need (^ fuch artifices ; for the king, far from favipg, would have been glad to be rid of him, and, as a contemporary fays, having infmuated himfelf at firft like a fox, he governed afterwards like .1 lion i and to add to this another refledion, that the cardinal by the fmalnefs of the fiim which is here advifed to be remitted to count d'Eftr^des on this occafion, for fecret fervice, fhews how good an oeconomift he was, as appears in all his in> ftru6lions in relation to the yearly fubfidy to the prince of Orange, what Ibanty fums in refpeft to the profufion of latter times ; but what is Hill more extraordinary is to find one of the count d*Eftrades integrity, that having fucceeded in this bufinefs withppt having occafion to bribe, he fends the cardinal back this money, which he might have funk into his own pocket, as no account could be expected, nor any vouchers in fuph * fervice." ■Mi Monfieur ^ -s ....; i4 Lettcfs dPid Negotiations r i*<> Monficur Chavigny to count d'Eftrade8#* '■^ *'.'«■ : May 13, 1642. YOU will be informed by his eminency*s let- ter what he defires, and by Dalidor, clerk in my office, who has orders to give you a parti- cular account of the confpiracy the marquis of Cinque Mars has entered into againil his mailer and benefa<5lor, you will have an opportunity of obliging his eminence in the moft convincing manner if you can bring the affairs he now em- ploys you in to fucceed. I ought to acquaint you that his eminence, fpeaking of you to me laft night, faid, He depended as much on your friend- fhip, as on that 01 the marefchal Malleraye, and I doubt not but you will be glad to hear that he has fuch fentiments of you. * He juft now fent for me, and ordered me to go to M. Hceuft to get him to draw a bill of 100,000 Livres payable to your order, judge. by this what confidence his eminence repofes in you. < I am, &c. Count d'Eftrades to cardinal Richlieu. Bergen-op-zoom, June 10, 1642. I HAD no fooner received your difpatch, by Mr. Dalidor, but I went to wait on the prince of Orange, and informed him of the ingratitude of Cinque Mars, and of the cabals formed at court tQ remove your eminency from the ma- nagement of affairs, and even againft your life if they could not otherwifc carry their point. I re- prefented to him how often he had told me, That if n your eminence was not at the h,, J r * ** France, he would accent fhf^ff °^ »^»'« i" by Spain and make uT^tef "H' '° ^ That, after fuch a mark nf; L "" '"« "own, %. your eminencTcanl?"^^'^!"" »nd ^riwd- time, while endeavours arcl^""*" f"" « '»•« the king, he would funno,! f^ '° "^i" Wm with wtion. V letting evZS/T "^^it and repu- of being about f ir^r kn^^ 7^" ^u^"^'^' ''""""r found in you fo much zeTf. fu' 'l'. '""' "'^y* and fuch PrudencrinaSourrn '>'>'' '■^""«. Preferve tSe fame eft"em ffi^ndil^ '? '*'" '° em-nence, he had all alongteffiS '' ^"^ ^""^ iJatituT^r^qi^^i^tn^wi^^ advantageous mCner and Che w"n' ?"'' "^ *«= k when it is proper r!r^''i "''" '° Aew hm that you defired h; (hould hT''f ' ^^"J^^inted I d'ftance, and emploved n n '"^ "' '° S^at hrt of Spain, hai tr ,fltdln?r"r''"?g '"» the K the common caufe n pi" "^'^ '° ^'"^ ^o ^up- [arneftly requefted th^ of him '^'"''j- ""^.'^''r^^ k and yoir eminence HeTffi^'5 "' '^■°'« "«= r done, and that he wonlH T"^ T^ « «'0"ld H to be drawn imT °''''^'" "^= bridge of H would marelThi^T '"'^ ^° Rhinberlie ^» the SpanXrmy flS ml''"' '''^'* ^^^ f^°" nd that he would so in 1^^''" ""^ movement. ,,^,,- t' 4-6 Letters W Negotiations Ihcvt' the world how ftridly he is united to France, And of the fhare he takes in your intereft. I humbly thank your eminence for the bills of ex- change you were fo good as to fend me on the fieur Hoeuft. I fend them back by Dalidor, affairs being fo tranfafted as that there was no occafion to employ any money in order to fucceed. I thought it my duty to fend back Dalidor to inform you or all that has paffed. I am, &c. Count d'Eftrades to monlieur Chavlgny. Bergen-op-zoom, Juneio, 1642. YOU will be informed, Sir, by Mr. Dalidor I how things have paffed here betwixt the prince of Orange and me, and the difpofition he is in with regard to Cinque Mars's ingratitude, and as to the march of the ftates army, all which make me hope that his eminence will be pleafed with his fentiments. I return you a thoufand thanks for acquainting me with the good opinion! his eminence entertains of me. I have returned the bills of exchange whichl were fent me, there being no need of money to| be employed on this occafion. I am, &c. The prince of Orange's inftrudlions to countj d'Eftrades. Ordingen, July 18, 1642. DELIVER my letters for the king and car-l dinal, and inform his majefty that I marchf ed the ftates army for fix days without interrup-j tionl land the tr W^rs to .1^:,., to France, intereft. 1 bills of ex- me on the idor, affairs no occafion fucceed. I Lor to inform c. Chavlgny. |uneio, 1642- y Mr. Dalidor e betwixt the difpofition he ■'s ingratitude J •my, all whichi ^ill be pleafedl ,u a thoufandl good opinion xhange whicM of money to| 1. &c. tions to count July 18, »642' king and carj that I tnarchj [thout internipl tionil c/'C^WZ?/ d'Es TRADES. tion, running the hazard of coming to a battle with the Spaniards, having taken up my camp during all that time within two leagues of their army, maintaining the advantage of the ground, in order to cover the army under M. de Goebri- ant, by obftrufting the two armies of the em- peror and Spain from joining. If the cardinal duke fhould be out of favour, and very fick as the laft account informs us, he is to tell him that as I have no confidence in new minifters, I fhall ac- cept of the offers which are made me by Spain, which are very advantageous both to the ftates and me ; but if the cardinal remains ftill in the fame credit and management of affairs, he may alTure him that I will refufe all the offers which have been made me. He is to tell the king that I intreat his majefty would Ipare the duke of Bouillon's life, and as ^ punifhment for his crime, he may be confined to a perpetual prifon, that I may not hear of his blood being Ihed on a fcafFold. The count is to inform the cardinal duke that, I hope, he will obtain for my nephew that favour, and that I fhall be infinitely obliged to him if he will procure his liberty upon his putting Sedan into the king's hands, and that a compenfation for Me demeans be given to my filler, her portion and dowry having been laid out on the fortifica^ tions of the place. He is to let him know my concern about his health, and the part I took in all the plots againft his perfon, declaring myfelf openly an enemy to all his enemies. The count is likewife to know from the cardinal if he has any more occafion for the fleet of the ftates, now before Havre de Grace, and the troops on board it, that I may give them orders to return. If ■M^.? :.:-?■-;).' ■.TV,"' 4^ Letters ^W Negotiations * : If there be any more to be added for the car- dinars fervice, the count may adt or fay what fur- ther he pleafes, and I will approve of it. '' \:\''- \ Signed, Frederic Henr]^, The prince of Orange to the king. Sire, July 18, 1642. 1MOST hurnbly fuppUcate your majefty to fave the life of my nephew the duke of Bouil- lon, and that his crime may be punilhed by a per- petual imprifonment. I have defired the count d'Eftrades to inform your majefty of the offers made me by Spain. If the reports be true that are fpread abroad, that the cardinal duke is no longer in your ma- jefty's good graces, and that you have removed him from the helm of affairs, the king will not takd it amifs that I accept of the advantageous offers made for the ftatcs and me, which the Spaniards are ready to grant, the rather that I cannot repofe any confidence in new minifters who may be more in the intereft of Spain than of France. I alfb delire monfieur d'Eflrades to inform your majefty of the ftates of affairs in this country, and I beg of your majefty to give belief to what he faysy *nd to believe me with all polTible refpedt, &c. The X"^' tf Count d'EsTR th ADfis, ■-^'.i^ -^r >■ ■■)k eprmce Of Orange to cardinal Rich,|e„: 1 Refer to the count d'Fft, j "'"'^ "' '*+^- . to you the real Z, cern I hf " 1° ^^'''■n health, and every th/n» rk f , ^^ ^''°"t your terefl and fervice^wh f ftxlf'"' '» yo"Hn- oppofers whatever vtl !r"PP°« ^S^inft aJl you farther from me. ' ^'"^''^ ^f^" he tells I aft as a mark of your frirn^'^ ^°'^ Turenne his brothf InH ^"f* '^'-''■°""' de Orange to afk itTl favlr? '''' P""^^ o? 'niportant place as a vlZ \ '° *'^"Pt of this befides astlfedulc 'w:sapi^/''t'^"'^^'' ''f" 'd.as an afylum fw tEf?J' ''^"P'^^^f^'rv'' -attained I correfp'ondte^lSh'th:'? P' ^"'^ w !• ranee, as we find h,r fk l . , ""gonots above letters to aft ft as a favn""'''''^/^''^ °f the at the price of giving 1 ^r"!"' ^" 'f^e Ws life - - fine an fcqS [ ^^^^ j'"ch . **^"«-c ever to parr with Ml 56 Letters and Negotiations with, though the family retains the empty ho- nours and title of Princes Souverains in France, though in all other refpefts fubje(5bs of that king. The prefent family is of La Tour d'Avergne, and came by the title of Bouillon and prince of Sedan, by marrying the heirefs of the family of La Mare, by which, however, there was no iflue, but by the favour of Henry IV. to whom the marefchal de Bouillon had done great fervice, and by buying off the prctenfions of the next heirs he continued to poffefs both the eftate and title, he married for his fecond wife Elizabeth of Naffau, daughter of William prince of Orange, the foun- der of the republic of the feven provinces, and lifter to prmce Frederic Henry. All agree that the cardinal never thought him- felf in fo much danger as from this cabal, for the king hated him much, and expreffed his diflike to Cinque Mars, and his particular favourites and moft of the great men in France : the parlia- ment of Paris were alfo his enemies, and Cinque Mars had undertaken to have killed him, and had opportunities of doing it being alone with the cardinal, if his refolution had not failed him, but the arts the cardinal employed, particularly that remarkable one of working upon the king's timi- dity, by getting the count de Gramont, who com- manded the army in Flanders, to allow the Spa- niards to gain a viftory over him, which made the fearful king apprehend that all was loft, and that the Spaniards whom he hated mortally, would be foon at the gates of Paris -, thus frighted al- moft to diftradtion, he was obliged to have re- courfe to the cardinal to fave him from the ftorm which he apprehended, and by this ftratagem, to- gether with the interpofition of the prince of Orange, and the difcovery of the plot, did the cardinal efcape being ruined." 3 Count ;mpty ho- in France, that king. i'Avergne, d prince of ,e family of as no iffue, whom the fervice, and lext heirs he md title, he i of NaffaUj e, the foun- Dvinces, and hought him- :abal, for the bd his diflike avourites and : the parlia- and Cinque [him, and had ione with the iled him, but ticularly that king's timi- it, who com- ilow the Spa- which made |\vas loft, and .rtally, would s frighted al- ^ to have re- [om the ftorm [Iratagem, to- he prince ot plot, did the of Cmnt d'EsTRADtlS. Jf Count d'Eftrades to the prince of Orange* • • lyons, Sept 4, 1642. I Have been longer in giving your highnefs an account of what pafled in the audience^ which i had of the king at Livry, where his ma- jefty was to take the diverfion of hunting, and to relievfe himfelf after the fatigue of fo long a journey, by reafon I had told the king, that as what I was charged with related to the cardinal^ i thought it was better to wait till I fhould be where he was, more fully to inform him of all fhat had palTed, and afterwards to acquaint your highnefs of his fentim and fign the treaty. The king made me no anfwer, but fent for meffieurs Chavigny and Defnoyers : and till 3 they of Count d*EsTRADES.' * 5;f they fliould come, he defired me to give the par- ticulars of the march your highnefs made from Boifleduc to Ordingen, your encampments, and your order of battle, in cafe your highnefs had rencountred the Spanifli army. He fev med well pleafed with my account, and the atorefaid gentle- men being come I retired. The king was in council for the fpace of two hours, after which I was called in, he then told me, that in confideration of your highnefs, he would fave the duke of Bouillon's life, and had re- folved to difpatch me to the cardinal with the ne- ceiTary orders for the trial of Cinque Mars, and that he would never pardon him. I took poft the fame day for Lyons, where I found the count de Roufli married to a filler of the duke Rochefoucault, who was come there with the d'jchefs of Bouillon. I acquainted them with your Kighnefs's intentions, and he joined with me in foiiciting the duke's interefts, and gave him very ufeful and friendly informations, in a fecret man- ner; and it was agreed on by the cardinal, to fend to the duchefs dowager of Bouillon, in order to difpofe her not to refufe the conditions fettled beween the duke and the king, to put Sedan into his majefty's hands. I was received by the cardinal with expreilions of thankfulnefs to your highnefs, the moft tender and paflionate, not only on account of your in- ftrudlions, which I fhewed to him, but alfo for what you had given me in charge to fay to the king. I cannot but acquaint your highnefs, that it is the higheft proof of his gratitude, the obtaining the duke of Bouillon's pardon on your account, which he never could have had otherwife than at your requeft. He ordered me to afilire your highnefs, that he was, from his heart, lo fenfible of your goodncfs E X t(v>,. Tds I ' ^S:x *t^ '1^ trcttcrs and Negotiations towards him on this occafion, that your highneft might difpofe of his life, fortune, and all he had in the world \ and that he fliould always be ready p facrifice them to ferve you. Cardinal Mazarin entered the foofri while h« was thus talking to me *, he would have retired. The cardinal duke called him back, and repeated in his hearing all that he had faid to me before. I was allowed to fee the duke of Bouillon, whom I found very dejeded, having been already twice in- terrogated, and believing himfelf quite undone ; I gave him affurance, that your highnefs did not abandon him, that you fent me on purpofc to the king and the cardinal, in order to favc hia life, and that I had hopes of fucceeding, but it would coft him Sedan, for which he would receive a good equivalent •, he embraced me, and faid, he was moft extremely obliged to your highnefs and would do whatever you fhpuld delirc, prOf vided he was faved, I acquainted the cardinal duke of what had palled, and immediately after (fcardinal Mazarin had orders to fign the treaty bcr tween the king and the duke of Bouillon, and we are to part together in two days for Sedan, to exe-r cute the agreement. The cardinal has defired the count de Rouffi to go before, in order to prevail with the duchefs dowager to a compliance, conr iidering the danger her fon is in, of loling his life in cafe" of refufal of the conditions propofed. But I am now to acquaint you, that this journey of the count de Roufli was flopt, on the news we ireceived of the duchefs dowager's deathf for which the cardinal was forry, as believing her better difpofed than the prelent duchefs, her (daughter- in-law, v/ho has always been in the in- tereft of Spain, and maintained a correfpondence with'it. I Ihall inform your highnefs of all that ©cc^rs when I arrive at ?edan, v^'hither I go in i'tj'*! tf Count d'EsTRADEs. 55 in company with cardinal Mazarin, by tlie cardi- nal duke's orders. I ought to let you know, that nobody can have a greater refpedt for your high- nefs than catdinal Mazarin. He is a peribn of great merit, and it is he that manages all affairs under tlic cardinal duke. ,^ ./.>•., ^ . .... . '• 1 am, &c. Inftrudlions to the count d'Eftrades from car- dinal Richlieu, fix weeks before his eini- nency's death. — On the count*s going to Holland. ; , Oft. 4, 1642. THE count d'Eftrades is to endeavour to dif- cover the prince of Orange's real fenti- ments, as to a peace, that is, upon what terms he judges it may and ought to be made, as well for the intereft of the ftates, as that of France and Sweden. After drawing from him as much as you can of his fentiments, you are to tell him, as your own thought, that France and Sweden cannot follow a better example than that of Holland, in making peace, whofe cuftom was never to give back any thing they had taken, for if one did not treat the Spaniards in that manner, they would be encouraged to go to war again, as believing they might have a chance, if it ihould prove c fadvan- tageous, to have at leaft fome part of what they lofe §iv€n back to them, Alterwards he may tell him that he has heard it often faid in France, that thtre is no other way of making a fure peace with Spain, but to make the conditions fo fmarting that they fhould be E 4 afraid. 56 Letters and Negotiations afraid of entering again into war for fear of the like treatment. >, ■ r- The count d*Eftrad( i muft know, that by the treaty figned at the Hague. April 15, 1634, the ftates cannot make peace without the kinff re- mains in peaceable poflefllon of Pignerol, without the full execution of the treaty with the emperor and king of Spain, in relation to the Mantuan, without the Grifons remain mafters of the Valte- line, and without the king of Spain abandons the duke of Lorrain, and be induee(^ not to affill hi|n againfl: the intereft which France has in the execu- tion of her treaties with the faid dul^e i by all which it appears, that feeing, at the time of ma- king thofe treaties, it was ftipulated, that the ftates could not mak; peace, unlefs, at the fame time they Ihould guarantee the advantages which France had then acquired -. \t is not reafonable to make peace now, ui\lefs Fi-J^ncv: be fecured in what it iias fince acquired, and chiefly becaufe moft of what it has fince conquered belonged anticntly to its domaines. -4^ • This ought to weigh with the ftates the more, becaufe the more difadvantageous the peace be for Spain, the lefs it will be in condition to attack them, and the more able and willing France will be to aflift them. Count d*Eftrades is to fignify, that the king and his eminence defire the good of the ftates, and that of the prince fo much, that he is in- ftru(5led to confult with the faid prince, whether fome places of confequence may not be feized up- on for the prefervation of Maeftricht, and a free communication with it, and this is fo fincerely wiihed, that his majefty will give orders to M. de Goebriant to favour fuch a defign, as much as is confiftent with the fervice he is *now employed in* People think fq jn France, thai the ftates being !'"/ be confirmed in Ae^ffemn^'^"*"'^*'' ^ey 'Mce. ™ r'™'>'°n at a trtatv of in: In%afe the prince ofh^"''\ "'""'""'"''" thing really pradhcabJe. and'n^ ""j' »">'«'* attempted, count d'Eft^t"?' '"'«'/ At to be the fame to M. de GotSt InH f =T"'"'^«te where he may be ,„a ' "° '°'" that end «» «7 <««a«/fc d^,."°«" " "«bmS Monfeigneur, COunt d'Eftrades »;il ■ r °*" ♦' '^•»»-- , , paired in aTs S„ "r^°''T y°" °f ''^at has duke of Bouillon, he v^llS^' •? "^«'°° '<> the how much I am Mrl^,l c^^ «*?'*•" to you portion towarS^f Ch^"""" '■»^°"«ble'SA the/everal traveife'aJS ^h^'^ "^ fi^knefs and affairs, occalioned by fom, *' « '° '*^ king's want words to ewLv?., Tr ?°"» 'Pirits. "l J-ours you haveZtZ or^^h^'"'*"' /°^ *e fa- ^, you to believe, that/ J^S-*'!""^"""". but I '^'yy% - . r ,. I am, &<;,.) Meil of s,W~^ ^« date of \to be given of any wrfon .w f """'' °"gbt not - K- every little a„Ztfm:m°ST' * ^"ti""' ^ and IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 Ui lii 122 L£ 12.0 111 la I m HiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRICT WiBSTER,N.Y. 14510 (716)872-4503 4!^W a**... xjfi Let^era snJ Negotiations And feveral negotiations mentioned in the corre- ^:l|>ondence with count d'Eftnules, leave it to the ^ reader to form his own judgment of this canlinal, which I believe he will think at kaft dvil, and I ^ am ilire is more charitable,* than to be raking into the aihes of the dead, and not only breaking into his cabinet, but ripping up the clolet of his neart, * which muft always have fuch a teint» colours, and complexion, as the ideas of the painter give it. ; He was declared firft mimfter by Louis XIII. ^anno 1 624, prelident of the king's councils* in- tendant-general of the trade and navisadon of Prance. The repulfe the Engli/h met with in the defcent on the jfland of Rhe, and hindering them from throwing fuccours into Rochelle, and atiaft reducing that city, the afylum of malecontents, and bulwark of the proteftancs, in 1628, was one 4Df his greateft exploits in donnellic afiairs ; for the (lege of tlus place was as remarkable for the reib- lute defence of the inhabitants, as the obftiiuicy of the beiiegers, by that contrivance of blocking up the harbour by piles of wood drove into the bot- tom, and reaching acrofs that inlet of ihe ocean 'which reaches to, and forms the hai4x>urof$ Ro- chelle, and was in length 747 toifes, or 4482 French feet, at the bottorti 12 fathoms wide^ end went (loping towards. the top, where it was 4, the frame being of huge piles drove into the fea, and others acrofs, filled with great ftones, and veflels iaden with ftones for a fence to prevent any veffels getting in •, a ftupendous work, and of vafl: expence! By ther eduction of this place he broke the heart And finews of all that party in France; and after this, being free of any apprehenfions of diftur- feance at home, he did not fcrupk to look after the intereft of the king's allies in Italy, particular- ly the duke of Mantua, perfuaded the king to jiead his aritoy, and accompanied him, by which the vtK, the corrt- : it to the is car(iin^> ivU, and I raking i«*> ;akk)i£ into ►f hishcart, :olours» and s i^ve it. Louis XIII. ouncUs, m- Lvigadon of t with in the dcring them :, and atlaft nalecontcnts, JaS, was one yrs', for the for the itfo- eobftinacyof ^Uodongup into the Dot- of the ocean res, or 4482 IS widcy and it was 4> ^ the fca, and and veffels $/ Count d'EsTRADesl If* fhe flege of Cafal was raifed 1629. On his return into France, he was dillurbed by an infurredtion in Languedoc, excited by the dukeof Montmorancy, in favour of the king's brother, the duke of Ot* leans, who were both difpieaicdwith the minifter; this was foon fuppreffed by taking Montmorancy prifoner in a fkirmifh, who was foon after behead- ed, notwithftanding ail the kingdom were inter* ' ceflbrs to fave him, and that he was not only thus tmivBrfaliy beloved, but was the dock of the no- bleft family in France, and had done fignal ier- vices to the crown, for which rieour the cardinal was much blamed and fufpe^d of perfonal piques. Six months afterwards, the cardinal being declared general of the army in Italy, laid fiege CO, and took, Pignerol, belonging to the duke of Savoy, and a door to Italy, which the French Tttained till the treaty of Ryfwick, when it was given back after being difmantled; he relieved Cafal alfo a fecond time, and obliged Spinola to faife the fiege of it. On his return from this expedition, the cardinal ftood in need of ail his addrefs to encounter ano- ther -ftorm which might haveoverfet one oflefs pourage and refolution ; for tlie king being (ick at Lyons, the queen mother and other perfons of diftin6tion, were continually declaiming to him againfl the cardinal's condud: ; and prevailed fo far as to obtahi a promife that he would difcharge him, as ibon as he got to Paris, and this was looked upon to be fb fure that the cardinal was to lie at Pontoife, in his way to Havre de Grace, which place he deligned lor his retreat, and he was looked upon as a man undone and deferted by every body. The king had gone to Verfailles,- to avoid being troubled with his taking leave, but the cardinal was not difconcerted notwithftandihg ^e delicacy of the conjun^re ; inflcad of taking ^ ^ the 66 LettSTB and Negotiations " the road to Havre, he went diredly to VerfaiJlcs, and knowing well the king's irrefolution, and how he was to be wrought upon, he quite overturned all that had been contrived againft him, and brought the king fo over, that he became more in favour and power than ever, fo that this was call- ed in derifion, the day of bubbles or fools, and fe- veral fmarted for it afterwards. In 1631, the cardinal mediated a truce between Sweden and Poland, with a view of bringing the arms of the great Guftavus into Germany, to humble the houfe of Auftria-, and this prince flicceeded fo well, that in the fpace of two years and a half he over-ran two thirds of Germany, from the banks of the Viftula to thofe of the Danube and Rhine ^ under his adminiftration the towns of Nantz, Arras, Perpignan and Sedan were gained to France, he curbed the ambition of the houfe of Auftria, both in the empire and Spain, he excited both the Catalans and PortU' guefe to Ihake off the Spanifh yoke, and indeed gave fuch a check to the ambition of Spain as they have never recovered to this time. What fliare he had in exciting the rebellion a- gainft king Charles I. ir -jgland, is clear from his letter, Dec. 2, 1637, ^^ M. d*Eftrades, and is confirmed in that of M. d*Eftrades to him, Jan. 21, 1 641 , in which he informs him, that he knew he had a clever agent in Scotland, who had effectually ruin • ed the king's affairs in that country ; tho' the car- dinal might have had reafon, as a good French- man, to refent the afTiftancc given to the prote- ftants in France, and the attempt to relieve Ro- chelle. It appears otherwife by the interval of time-, for this place was reduced in 1628, and that party quite fubdued, and his employing his cmiffaries to excite and foment the rebellion againlt Charles' I, was not till nine years afterwards, and proceeded erfaillcs, and how rerturned im, and ; more in was call- 5, andfe- z between nging the many, to his prince two years Germany, Lofe of the Iration the and Sedan imbition of mpire and tnd Portu- and indeed f Spjun as 0f Count d'E STRADES. 61 proceeded purely from that king's refiifing to be neuter, when the Spanifh Netherlands were like to fall a prey, and to be fhared between the French and Dutch, and the jealoufy that king had of the growing power of France : for furely no body Will lulpeft himto have favoured Spain, who had uled him fb ill in the affair of the match, and king of Bohemia, on any other principle ; fo one may fay that he died a iacrifice to the true intcreft of his kingdoms, andthat Cromwell, being the dupe of car- dinal Mazarin, who engrafted on Richlieu's fcheme, contributed more to the aggrandifing of France, than all its other allies, and has occalioned all the bloody and expenfive wars fince to reduce it. How artfully he managed Henry prince of Orange, is clearly feen in thefe letters. As to the height to which he brought the prero- gative of the king his mailer, fo as to be in a man- ner quite abfolute by his humbling the nobility, and encroaching on the power and privileges or parliament, or the regulations as to trade and na- vigation ; thefe matters being foreign to the fub- jeft of our letters, I pafs them over as well as many other particulars, to be met with in the hi- ftories of that reign and his miniftry. We find Mazarin in d*Eftrades laft letter, men- tioned as a perfon in great confidence with Ricl^- lieu, and indeed came to fucceed him as minifter, not only for the Ihort time Louis XIII. furvived, which was to the 14th of May following, but alfo continued by the queen regent, accordingly we * find him by the following lettei^, in the exerciie of that high flindion." h - ■■f\\ Ivru: f'.\ Cardinal 62 Letters <^W. Negotiation ':■ it ,:'■*'?•:.,** '^•^k ■t. ^ Cardinal Mazarm to tl^ jringc of Of ^ngCi Monfeigheur, Feb. 15, 1643* IF I have hitherto delayed to thank your high* nefs for having me in your thoughts, and the friendfhip you are pleaied to aliiire me of, a» I am informed by the count d'Eftrades, the reafon ii owing to the great grief and aflii^ion I am under, for the death of cardinal RichlieU> as he was infi-« nitely dear to me on all accounts, the tofs of him has rendered me inconfolable, and made wc inca^ pable of any other fubjedb but that of my grief. I had refolved alter fuch a misfortune to have retired to Rome, and there endeavour 10 do the king fuch fervice as I was bound, but as this wad not agreeable to his majefty, and as he has done me the honour to defire me to remain about hiiTi, in order to affift in his counlels, and to take upon me the management of his affairs of the greateft importance, I thought I could do no lefs, after all the favours he had been fo gracious as to confer on me, than yield to his defire, and to endeavour by all manner of duty and fervice, to anfwer the good opinion he had conceived of my loyalty and fidelity, and to render myfelf worthy of the choice he had made of me. ,? * I befeech your highnefs to believe that one of my principal fludies will he, in this fo honourable einployment, diligently to find out means to main- tain an union and good correfpondcnce, between his majefty and your highnefs, and to convince you by my adions, that of all fuch as honour your per- fon and merit, there is not one more fincere thJn I am. Your's &c. The of Count d*EsrRADES. iV 5» <643* our high* i, and the f, a» I am reafon U am under, ewas infi* »i9 of him e iwe inca- p grief, me to have lo do the as this was LC has done about him, J take upon the greateft fs, after all :o confer on ieavour by er the gooii „nd fidelity, loiee he had [that one of 1 honourable kns to main- Ee, between )nvince you |r your per-. Icere than 1 The The prince of Orange to count d'Eftradcs. Sif, AprU i6, 1644. I Am informed that you are profecuted by the parliament, and in difgrace with the queen motner, tor having done fervlce to M. de Co- ligny, your and my relation, in an affair of ho- nour. I beg of you to leave a country where they are not acquainted with fuch good people as you are, and come here to live with me, where I will Ihare with you what I have, to fhew you the efteem and friendmip I have for you. I fend you herewith a bill of exchange on the ficur Hoeuft, for 100,000 livrcs, who will pay it you immediately, and if you have occafion for more, you may call for it and come to me with all difpatch, without flaying longer in France, where diey know not your worth. r^-r'""" •'■ •• ■ lam, &c. The prince of Orange to count d'Eftradcs. Hague, April 17, 1645. IHave a confirmation by monfieur Beringhen, that the king's army is to attack Gravcline -, land as I have formed a defign of belieging Sas Van iGhent, in which I cannot fucceed withcmt a pow< Krful diverfion, I think proper to let you know Idiis, and communicate it to you, that you may pform the cardinal of it. My opinion is, that fidence in the king's army, to give me notice, the , moment it gets over the ditch of Graveline, be- caufe I will make ufe of that time for putting my ^ deiign in execution. . , N. B. This projeA in both places fucceeded^ The prince of Orange to count d'Eftrades* Feb. 4, lii^i 1 Cannot conceive why the plenipotentiaries of France, fhould preis me fo much, to have pur deputies fent to Munfter J I defire you will tdl cardinal Mazarin, from me^ that it will not be proper to fend them fo foon» but to make a fhew of dilbatching them ; becaufe wliile they remain at the Hague, I fhall have things in my own power, but when they get to Munfter I fhall be no longer | mafler, and they will make a feparate peace ini ipite of both France and me. What I tell you is certain, and I have information, that Paes, who] is deputy for the province of Holland, has alrea- dy concerted meaiures with Spain, to conclude a I feparate ^ Count d'E&TKADES* 6j feparate peace, which I declare to you I cannot tielp, if 1 am ftill prefled to fend our de(>uties t^ Munfter. . I beg of you to reprefent this with vigour to the cardinal, as being of the greateft momtnt at this prefent conjunfture. I am, &c. " What the prince foretold, actually happened i for the Dutch, thinking that the French ftood oh too high demands, or being jealous of their con- tjuefts, tontluded a feparate peace with Spain at Munfter, Jan. 30, 1648;** • Count d*Eftrades to cardinal Mazarin. y ^^' > Mar. 26, 1648^ IN otdet to inforin your eminence, with mote exadtnefs, of the conditions of the towns of Portblongone and Pioriibinb, I thought proper to fend you exprefs M. de Befemds to give you an account of it ; he has bfcen witnefs to every thing that has pafled, he is capable, afFediona'c, and underftanding -, and, though known to your emi- nence, yet 1 muft do him the juftice to fay, that he deferves to be confidered by you : I beg of your Eminence to grant him the command of a galley, the captain of which is lately dead. I have trufted the faid M. de BefemoS, with a memorial to be delivered to you, ?n which you will fee a plan of operations for the next campaign ; of which, if you approve, I beg you will fend me your ot' ders as foon as poflible, there being no time to be loft. I would reprefent likewife, that in order to to make the infantry a6t better, it will be necefla- ry to have two ferjeants of the battle : M* de F ^ St, -A 66 Letters anJ Negotiations St. Aignan and the king's lieutenant of Piombino, are very capable. I beg your eminence to fend me commifTions for them, as I have already formed the infantry into two brigades. I am, &c. .. ; -* . • "Si. A memorial fent to cardinal Mazarin from Piombino. -r », Mar. 20, 1648. ^ T Think myfelf obliged for the fervice of the king, J, and for the particular intereft of your eminence, to reprefent to you the ftate of every thing, and to propofe a defign to you which appears to me practicable, and what will contribute to the fuccefs of his majefty's arms, and the glory of your emi- nence in particular. I (halt begin to give an account of all that has pafled, fince my arrival at Piombino. I found all our infantry ill of a fever and bloody flux, without any aillftance, and the hofpital in great diforder i I have placed the cordelier, M. de Tellicr, fent me as head of the hofpital, who has re-eftablifhed every thing by his good directions, which the cruelty of Brachet, the intendent, had confounded under pretence of faving, and not be- ing willing to be at the expence neceflary for the ufe of the fick. I can tell your eminence, that from the firft of February to this time, there have been 3000 foldiers cured ; and that after the recruits, which are to ar- ' rive with the regiment of marines of the Levant, 1 hope to have 8000 efFeftive foot, in condition to undertake any thing in thefe parts ; fo much in regard to the infantry, . ...v 2 Now . 20, 1648- of the king, T eminence, thing, and af youremi- • all that has bf Count d'EsTRADES. ijf Now to tell your erriincncc, with regard to the tavalry, which is only compofed of the four troops ' bf Crequi, which are good and well mounted, fouf of Bcntivoglio, and four of Siront, that arc not as yet well mounted. Pilly's independent troop, which is a good oncj confifts of fixty hien. My regiment of cavalry confifts of fix troops, and likewife that of the count de Pas. Thefe two regiments are complete. If your eminence would ftill order two old regi- inents of horfe, under a good commander, after all are mounted, to join with us, I could then depend on having 20,000 efFeftive horfcmen ; there would remain nothing farther but to make up a train of artillery, and we might find in Pi- ombino and Portolongone cannon and carriages neceflary for the field, and ftores of ammunition and utenfils neceflary to undertake a fiege : fo that your eminence fending M. de Choupes with fome good engineers, as you mention in your difpatch of the lOth of March, I Ihall be in a condition to execute the projeft I now propofe ; which is, to attack port Hercules and mount Phillip, and at the fame time to inveft Orbitello, in order to attaclc it immediately alter taking thefe two forts, which are on the fea fide. For this end, it will be neceflary to give orders for the fleet to fail, that they may fliut up port Hercules by fea. I fiiall embark on board the men of war and gallies all the foot, ftores, and ammunition, and will fend the cavalry over land, having taken my meafures as to the paflTes by Grofette, and other places belonging to the grand duke. If this defign fucceeds, the king may drive the Spaniards from all this coaft, and will be in a Condition to aflift the revolters in Naples both by fea and land, and even to hinder the pope from F 2 oppofing •jf- 69 Letters and Negotiations oppoAng his defigns \ for if he fliould ufe the king ill, the duchy of Caftro may be cafily fcizcd upon, where the king's troops may be fubfifted, and its neighbourhood make the pope uneafy. Cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eftrades. April z6t 1648. IHave received your difpatches and memorial fent by Befemos *, nothing can be added to the orders you have given as to the re-eftablifh- ment of the infantry : I expefted no lefs from your experience and ability, and when I gave an account to the queen of ail you had done, I took care fhe Ihould put a juft value on your ferviccs, and you may be perfuaded that no body loves and efteems you more than I do. ><>«• I have perufed your memorial feveral times, and it is a great concern to me that I am under en- gagements to the duke of Modena, who has obfised himfelf, by a treaty with the king, to break with Spain, and to carry the war into the heart of the duchy of Milan ; which will be of great advantage to the king's affairs in Italy, by the king's army afting on the fide of Piedmont, at the fame time the duke of Modena is employed in the Cremonefe. I fend you a commiflion from the king, to com- mand his majefly's army under the duke of Mo- dena, with orders to fend the cavalry by land to Lericy, and for you to embark with the 5000 foot and to land at the faid place, where you fhall have magazines in order for you to pafs the Appe- nines by the mountains of Genoa, till you can join the duke of Modena, whom the king has ho- noured with the title of generalifllmo of his armies. .3 I tm:- of Count d'EsTRADEt. 69; I do not doubt but you will keep an exa^b dif- cipline in all the places you pafs thrangh with the. king's troops, and hinder them from committing any diforders j I beg you to be very careful of this, being of great importance, for the king's fervice and my fatisfadlion; that what I have promifed to the princes fovereisns of the countries, through whicn you march, be punctually obfcrved. Nothing can exceed the goodnefs of the fcheme contained in your memorial ; I will keep it, and what cannot he executed now may be done at another time, I am glad you are pleafed with Befemos, I will take care of him and find an employment for him very foon. I fhall difpatch him to-morrow with the neceflfary orders. I will fend by him bre- vets for the fieurs St. Aignan and Raymond. M, Choupes ihall be difpatched immediately to com- mand the Artillery; he brings with him good commiflaries, and other proper officers for the train, fuch as you will be pleafed with. I am, &c. >r «* This letter of the cardinal's feems in(Con- fiftent with the conjedures in France at that time ; that the cardinal defigned to have ere^ed thofe places and Orbitello into a little fovereignty, and to have retreated thither if obliged to leave France." I F3 * ' ■iSj •- i '.It. -.. ■/■• ■*■ .- 73 Letters md Negotiations A letter from the prince of Orange, fon of -^ ;^: P^enry, to count d'Eftrades. yJi>.i'. THE confidenice I have of your friendfhip to me, and of that you had fpr my father, makes me hope you will not refiife the favour I now alk, of coming to me at the league as foon as may be, having - ^irs to communicate to yoi^ of the laft importance, which concern me much. It may not be improper that you give out, that you come to folicit payment of the arrears of your regiment. I would not entruft any body with this letter but one of Defchamps's fidelity, give cre- dence to what he may further tell you by wore} pf mouth from me. I am, &c. *f Henry prince of Orange died March 14, 1647." Cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eftrades. Paris, Sept. 15, 1650, 1 Received your difpatches by the fieur de Las, major of Dunkirk, together with the prince of Orange's letter. I have fhewn it to the queen, who ordered me to fend back de Las, to give you orders to repair forthwith to the prince of Orange j and that you may be qualified to treat with him if you find him difpofed to break with Spain, I fend a power from the king for con- cluding the treaty, and it will be the greateft fer- vice you can ever perform for the king, and pbliging me in the molt agreeable manner if he is :-^-.y%i\- 2, 1650. ndfhip to ly father, ; favour I le as foon ate to yoM le much. ; out, that irs of your f with this give cre- u by wor4 of Count d*E 8 T R A D E S . . ' ' «^ is prevailed with to break with Spain ; for this would overturn the meafures of all my enemies, and diffipate all ciie cabals and factions both at the court and in the parliament in oppofition to me. ' I entreat you not to negle-"^ I ordered him money to make his levy of re- cruits, and he fet out that very day. Endeavour, if poflible, to preferve Dunkirk, to the end of May ; and I promife you that in cafe you are at- tacked, the king's army (hall fuccour you : I will employ all my care to fucceed in the thought I have, as to this I refer you to M. de Las to in- form you what my opinion is of you, and that your intereft is ^s dear to me as my own. *^ Cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eftrades. • ^' ' ' May 2, 1653. YOU may judge of the friendfhip and efteem I have for you, by advifing the king to make choice of you to command his army in Guienne, as lieutenant general under the duke of Vendome. Your chief defign Ihould be the tak- ing of Bourg and Libourne, and afterwards to attack Bordeaux : I hope for good fuccefs in this cnterprize from the confidence I have in you, and of your capacity and experience in war. Before you leave Brouage give the neceffary orders, in all the places in your dependence, that no evil acci- dents may happen, and believe that I am, &c. Count fS Letters "and Negotiation^ . ! . ' ' Count d'Eftradcs to the cardinaU , . ' ■ . It'. ■ ■ From the camp near Liboume, June 24, 1653. I Shall endeavour, by my adlions, to anfwer the good opinion your eminence has of me, and of Sit great obligations I owe you for hav- ing propofed me to the king, to command the army under the duke of Vendome. I have joined him within two leagues of Bourg with the corp& which I brought out of Aunis. I have propofed to him the attacking that place, although the gar^ rifon confifts of 3000 men under a Spanifh gover- nor ; he finds difficulty in it, as not having in- fantry fufficient; upon which I told him there was a remedy, as the duke of Candal was encamped with his army near fort Cefar, which is on the other fide of the river, that he fhould alk of him four regiments of foot, and that the bifliop of Xaintes, who was his kinfman and lodged with me, would undertake to go to him and prevail with him to fend fuch a detachment to join us ; this was done accordingly, and the next day the duke of Candal came to our camp with the four regiments; the place was invefted that very evening, and at- tacked afterwards with fo much vigour that it was taken, and the Spaniards by capitulation fent back into Spain, We ftayed two days to level the trenches, and the third we marched to Li- bourne, where the Count de More was governor. The garrifon confifted of 1800 foot and 200 horfe belonging to the princes party, the place held out only two days. The duke of Candal departed afterwards from Bourg with his army to befiege Bergerac, and the duke of Vendome with his. to take his poft at Lermont j in the caftle of which the enemy have already fwcr me, Kav- Ithe >ined :orp& pofed ;gar- pver- Igin- •ewas imped )n the ►f him LOp of thme, ll with this iukeof ents; ind at- :hat it in fent level :o Li- ernor. 200 place from Ind the )oft at have [Iready o/'C(9««/ d'Es TRADES. 77 already pofted 300 men, and we were told would fend from Bordeaux 3000 more; but we prevented them and arrived at break of day, having march- ed all night. The Garrifon of the caftle furren- dered at difcretion, and from thence we faw about a league from Bordeaux their fleet, which has on board the 3000 men defigned to feize on this poft; it returned to Bordeaux, and I doubt not but that this city, finding itfelf invefted on all fides, will be glad to be received into the king's favour; we al- ready obferve a good deal of inclination to this— M. de Gourville is to go to wait on your eminence to give you an account of all that has pafied ; he is a perfon of clear underftandine, and can ex- plain feveral things to you, which are neceflary your eminence fiiould know, for the better fuc- ceeding in our affairs. He will alfo inform you how difficult it is for me to live with the duke de Vendome, becaufeof his inequality of temper; the leaft rumour, though never fo falfe, will make him alter the refblutions which have been formed in council, the retardment of which is very pre- judicial to the king's fervice. I am, &c. Cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eflrades. July 6, 1653. I Received yours by the fieur Gourville, who has informed me of the good pofture in whicli the king's affairs are; I believe it will not be long before Bordeaux be brought to fubmit to the king ; you muft after this reinfSrce the fleet with all the veiTels and feamen of that city, to put the king's fleet in condition to engage that of^ Spain, which is defigned for the river Garonne, and to feize upon ■..^.t:- '^< fi [. Icttei^ and f^egotkfiliis upon the ifland of Cafaux. If the duke of Vcn- dome (hould make any difficulty to go on board thtf Admiral to fight the Spanifh fleet, I herewith fend you the kind's order to go on board, and to em- bark 4000 foot df the king's troops. I haye alio wrote to the conimodore Nucliefe about the order given to you. You will, I hope, maintain a good underftanding with one another, for I hear, with pleafure, that you are very good friencfs, and I hope it will continue for the good 6f the king's affairs. In cafe the duke of Vcndome Ihoiild re- folve to go on board the fleet, in order to engage the enemy, fay nothing of the order fent you, but §0 on board the Admiral with him ; becaufe if he \ould not comply with the order given hifn to fight, you and the commodore Nuchefe may exe- cute the fame, and in that cafe both of you are to Ihew the orders you have from the king. I was not at all furprifed with what M. de Gourville told me from you *, as to the duke de Ven- dome, I know of how unequal a temper he is, and how fufceptible he is even of falfe impreflions j but I know likewife your zeal for tht king's fer- vice, and the goodnefs of your conduct, which makes me eafy. By the orders now fent, you have a proof of the effeft of what M. de Gourville told me has produced i only continue to aft with the fame firmnefs and prudence as you have hitherto done. I approve much of your journey to Brouage,< the 1200 feamen that you have brought with you being fidy diflributed, will put the king's fleet in a good condition, and this is a confiderable fer- vice done to his majefliy, which I Ihall take an opportunity of having a due value put upon, be perfuaded that I am, &c. IT was J for wh fleet was i thatpoft. ^i ^ey weigh them till n fear guard i ^en, 1800 funk. The dut makes ufe lie has giver to me. I ; Count .-.«,.; • « c of Vcn- ; board thcf ewith fend nd to em- i have alia the order mn a good war, with js, and I the king's fllOiild re- to engage t you, but :aufe if he en hipi to may exe- yeu are to Sf' Com d-EsTR ADZ,: 79 Count dmades to carina! M«ari„; ; X cuted 1 I wenf L k J . ''^^^ ^n exe- the duke of VeSme and l*' /'^'""^ ^^ barked on board the ";., IHa ^?°' ^"'^ em- other officers in ^^r ^y"^^^^' and alj thi we ihalJ either conquer of die ^°o I™"""" '''"^ 'or the foot to ian4 • ? r'^' Orders are >iven «orToVae"r*Vtt'H°^^ *e Spaniih fleet, beca°re^f'.''l°^^ ^"^ «"=k *«ce -ay other;ifSmmSu3'';"-'^' ''°"' '|-- '." I am, &c. -r»!'4- fO- ♦' 0>mt d'Blrrf,, „ ^^ ^_^__^ •hey weighed anchor 'Cf ''" .'?''«" °" "^"••d, *em tiil near to tn whe '°"^'^ "°' °^«=*e «^ guard; two me7:?w?aTdrfl:T^^'^ *«^ ?"> l8oo men maH^ r,.ir ny-boat are ta- funk. ?X Pn^nf". and two fly-boats order 8d Letters and Negotiations order to march them to Bordeaux, where I (hall wait your eminency's farther orders. ■'\T *• Count d'Eftrades muft have been well ac- quainted with the humours of the duke of Vendome, having laid the foundation of his fortune in that family, into which he was re- ceived as governor to the dukes of Mercsuf and Beaufort. Am. de la Houfay." Cardinal Mazarin to count d*£ilrades.' "Dtc. 28, 1653. IExpedled nO lefs than "^hat has happened, after I knew that you was gone on board the fleet. His majefty, as an acknowledgement of your fervice^ has made you commandant ef Guienne, jointly with the command of the army, and adds to it that of mayOr of Bordeaux for life, which was enjoyed by the marefchals Biron and Matignon, Ornano and Roquelaure *, your fervices merit the fame dignity which they had, and you are named for the firft promotion. You muft apply yourfelf to reftore the king's authority in Bor- deaux, to expel fuch as are rebels, and to endeavour to catch Duretefte, the ringleader of the feditious, and to have him tried by the par- liament, who muft be aihamed to try him, as confcious of their being as guilty themfelves. The king likewife defires that you will take meafures to reftore the citadel or caftle Trompette, and to remount the cannon which were taken from thence, and are now in the town houfe. You are to be cautious in this, as you have to do with a feditious fort of people ; make ufe of the troops as JCanj gra your gc for me t but that in Guien province weJi of I nence mi procured wy empj( neJs, and the city, j them chof and put in affeAed, a of what oc( Upon ai J^e chief c fniaij-coal-i [ea-coaft, h ^Pain, I fen }9 feize hii ^"gJy, havir putting fuch powlr w^' "' y"" think fit ; the mark ofconRiZl Ha /T '"'"''' '» a grea? make a good ufe of t ^°^'"^"""« 'h"' yoS T Cannot fufficienriy exDrrfnl"""*' ■'*"• "' '««• 1 grateful acknowledSf J°'Jf ^ '"="« my iour goodnefs and boumi?^ "' °'^f ''>« marks oV" for me tiie oiBce of pemifu,?^ ""^^^ ''^ "bMininJ but that of tJie chie/rA^ .'"'*y°'" of Bordeaii-T '" Guienne ; and fc^o"^. °* "«= ^'"6*^ my proyince, I ftaJi endefvoir ,''°"""''"dan1 of the well of this g«« empJovmenr "'?"" "^V^'if fo nence may haw; no occa& ' *« Xo"-- emi- procured it for me. ttl ° 'IP*' ^""^ ^avSl my empWment of mayo? 7'l^^'% P°f^ffion ot neis. and other offic3'2 f^mljied the colo- the cty at the tow , houfe a^ t"'^ ''"««««. of «h«n chofen by the frondeurs . V ^i^ ''='" ^« of and put into their places f.r.k " ^ """wed them afffc^ed and will Kdv S t^l""' '"y"' »"d^Si fcing^s fervice, and wSren H ' "^ "'""'' for the «" «;hat occu« in Jdtt "" '^' "" ^^^ account Af;oVSrtr ^^^^ that Durete., fmaii-coal-man's houHtcJl ^°"«=^«d m a fea-coaft, waiting an onoom^^"""^' "^^ to the g'am, I fent mytieu^ena^f ^ ""^^ °^ 8°mg into to fcize him, which l,t;\"^°°f my guards -Sly, having' foiWm tvrr/'^'^- Q ^^^ i ^ ^ave com- * Siinger^, or fcdirious. '"^"^^ 82 Letters und Negotiations mitced him to the prifon of the town-houfe under a guard, who have a condant eye over him. I have acquainted the firft prcfident of the oar- liament of his being taken, and that the Icing intended that he fliouJd be tried by the par- liament. Being informed that the people were in an uproar on this man's being taken, I ordered two regiments of foot to enter Bor- deaux, and alio one of horic, and polled 3000 foot and 1000 horfe at a quarter of a league diftance from the city s by this precaution I m^y undertake to your eminence, that the malccontentr. }n the city (hall give me no difhirbance. I am of opinion, that to re-e(lablifh the king*!! authority fully in Bordeaux, and in the province, it will be neceflary to have Duretefte condemned as a rebel by the parliament, and that he be exe- cuted within the city, after doing penance, the Amende Honorable *, to confefs his crime before the cathedral of Sc. Andrew, and the town-houfe. I fhall take the proper meafurcs for being fafe, by inarching the troops into the city, and polting them in the market and other public places, andtranfport Duretefte by water to Reoll, where the firft prefi- dent is at prefent, and have him brought back the fame way, under a guard of 300 foot and 500 horfe. As foon as this unhappy man is exe- cuted, T fhall get all things difpofed for rebuilding the Chateau Trompette, but before ihrnng in this I beg your eminence to fend n; • ; goc^i engineer. I am, &:c. * -Bare-fbcXed and bare-headed, with a lighted torch in his hand, and on his bare knees.^ Count r^Uretefte wa« r^.j Bordeaux, Fpb. lo, ,6,. dieAmende HonowWe k hu n,**""'' "'""'• doing "whwW, hand, Esr "i'«5 '^"''a light.! *h>ch has accorfin^ b ' ^'; ^"'^''^^ church j he camp: this exampk^m kl**** ?" "P*"'''" tlwduty; but will not WnieJ^lP ^' P^^P'e in » ""ody of fome tnwps in t^J „ • l?" ^'^P'"8 Bordeaux, to ufe .s f^ f-^tf £ ^ C«rdM ftfe^arin to couat 4'EftradM. YO U have peiformeJ . „' ' ?^*- »*• ' 'J4- 'gwnft the popul^ „l„ * ,** •"• your guard 'ffcuehi*. EI^1„^^»' I'm told, defiVto »« mtemeiy good h wiJ^h "«■"« '^'^ '^'cfc, ««»> for the paSenf t7 ^ * S"" mortifica- ^"u muft think oT S. ' u "*^'"" "» '«= «• h"n to .^ake all hafteT!' '^'^ ''*''« woce t<, ''^'"gc.ec«ed..„do|rt^-2r;£ to .'M't 84 Letters and Negotiations /_^ ^o prevent any diforders, than which nothing cin be better i and I approve of your condud much. Set about the Chateau Trompette, caufe to be built barracks for 300 men, and place there the cannon now in the town-houfe, it may ferve as a reeds in cafe of any tumult in the cit/. i .} 'i^ •:%. ). Ji'U. i" '■'.■\- • : u ; \j, I am, &c. >)\: Order from cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eftrades. .JX^ 'V * May 28, 1654. THE count d'Eftrades, being to go into Giiienne, with the king's orders, and inftruc- tions[; as to the employing the army during this campaign, and for whatever may happen in that province, or on the weft coaft, I defire, and my iijtcntion is, that he may draw what artillery, ftores, and provificns, he may want, out of the towns of Brouage, Oleron, Rochelle, and the ifte of Rhe; and in general, that he may difpofe of all that he finds in thefe places, without any controul from the officers ferving in them ; on the contrary my defire is, that they fliould obey and aflift him, in the execution of this order, cs if I was there Id jierfon. •' - ■'>■ v ■ Signed, Cardinal Mazarin. L'.. i Cardinal to count S^CWdEs TRADES. 8^ Cardinal Mayap.'^ ♦ T^ .*""•"« dEftn,des. T Receiwd ;^ur letters of .1, '"'""• °^- 3'. 'S^^ "ly We no; direfted X-'^'"'^" ""ttheene- jards Guienne; tW th^'-P"""P'^ view m deputed from B^rdeL '^ '1 "' Madrid, J^?e eameftly entreated the I- L r 5.'''^ have verv fleet ,nto the river of Bo^Jea^^f ^^T '° ^«nd a be done, even witJiout 1,^" * "'"' fiat if tiiit -ndcrtake that Bo de „v " n"fi ''"^ men, they «-ms there bcinc- i'V^ ^'''" again take im po ed that ,vay. %Z '^n^^^^f - weifdl^ inat MazeroJJes anH r„ ^^ ^"PPortthem £ /"CO the town' a^fL'Vr'" ^^"^^ ''"- derto fp,nt up the revolt wff '""'^' « or- *epr,„ce of Conde's a iv'i '.^ '"i^P '> a'ive tiij go tiuther, a., foo„ as he fe., ° " '"^''""'vod to G f ""'J' advance ; , ■ ' ■ : its ■^- ; <.,- 86 Letters tfW Negotiations it's very probable that cardinal de Retz has a great ihare in tnis new confpiracy. This information is moft certainly true,* and the equibping of t^n or twelve (hips or frigates,, which you may have heard th^y are abbut at St* Sebaftian, eohfirrtis it fufficiently, and thiy pre* tend ih ten days to be in the river, to ttjr ^e fucccfs of this attempt. Wherefore ybu haVe hb timfe to lofe, that you may throw yourfelf, and all the troops you have, ihto Bordeaux *, and as I believe that -^hat you have left vmh you ait not fufficient, fome ejcpedient muft be found quickly to reinforce you, and to write in the mean time to the prince ojf Conti, to fend you fome regi- liients that are almoft worn out, and have only the officers left, becaufe you may foon recruit thehi. You muft take all poffible pains to difco- vel' who the deputy is that is fent to Madrid, the two citizens left at St. Sebaflian, ahd fuch as correlpond with them, that you may bring them to an exemplary punifhment, and hii majefly will approve of your refolutlons ; in fine^ I doubt not of your acting in an affair of fo great impor- tance, with all the zeal ^ and vigour that is expec- ted from you. The condemning la Fonds is approved of, but I fcarce believe that du Neftier has been an ac- complice i let this be well verified, and write mc what there is in it. The chevalier de Rivierei being a very danger- ous perfon, and capable of doing mifchief ; you judge right, in believing that it would not be for the king's fervice, to allow him to return in» to France, elbecially at this comuncbure. I will not be forgetful of the fieur Montigni ; ahd the quality of being your nephew, joined to his own merit, will make me embrace with plea- ftirc any occafion to advance him. z The -i- *•'-:■ Cf Count A!ESTRAT>^S. 87 ^e information I giVe you is fo- certain, that you are not to doubt of it in the leaft; not- withftanding what they give out at St. Sebaftian, that the Ihips they are fitting out with fo much diligence are deligned for the Levant, and I be- feecn you to take your meafures without lofing a moment's time, that the enemy may not have the fuccefs they hope for in this enterprize. The prince of Conde is quite ready to take his departure for Bordeaux, as foon as MaezroUes, who goes with Cugnat on board the fleet which is to enter the river, informs him that every thing is ready in the town to receive him. You are above all to be careful of your own perfon *, for the firft plot is againft you, and it will be neceflary to have a good numoer of people to attend you. You may acquaint fome of the moft eminent and loyal of the inhabitants, who have mod: intereft to hinder confufions and fedition$, that you have certain advice, that the evil af- fefted, and the partisans of the prince of Conde, folicit the Spaniards and fijnglifli to fend a fleet in- to the river Garonne, being refolved, upon the ar- rival of fuch a fleet, to raife an infurreftion in the city in favour of the prince, and to kill and baniih all that are loyal to the king at the fame time ; as alfo that it is true, that Trancard has been at St. Sebaftian to have an interview with cardinal de Retz and Batteville ; and that another citizen of Bordeaux was gone to Madrid, with Mazerolles and Cugnat, to folicit the king of Spain to fend a fleet into the river 5 fuch a de- claration made to them, will be of fervice to in- duce the honeft part of the inhabitants, to approve of the precautions you may judge neceflfary for the fafety of the place. I fubmit all this to what you may find more proper, for as you are on the fpot and an eye-wit- G 4 nfes 88 Letters ^W Negotiations nefs of what occurs, ^ou can more prudently judge what is needful to be done; and if yqu can difcover who are the correfpondents with thofe in Spain, you muft not hefitate bringing them to punilhment, as alfo you muft banilh out of the town, all In general who give the leaft fliadow ot reafon to fufpeft them ; and it may happen that the enemy, finding their defigns discovered, m^y lay afide the thoughts of executing them. A perfon who knows the particulars of this projeft, has informed me of it by an exprefs ; fo that you are not fo much as to examine into the truth of it, but fet about preventing its being fffeifVuated without any delay. You may make uS of my regiment of horfe, and that of Goas, the Gens d'armcs and light horfe of Vendome, of Meilleray's fix troops, your own regiment of foot, \ and draughts out of the garrifon ot the towns in my govermnent, ^nd ev^n the militia if you find it neceflTary. I think that fome troops fl>oul4 be placed in fhe caftle of Trompeite, lodging them in bar- racks for that purpofe ; as alfo to put therein, the pannon now in the town-houfe, and all the ftores you can, taking immediately what is at Brouage, if you cannot have theni more expeditioufly from fome other place. The marelhftl Meilleray, will aflift you all he can on giving him notice. You heed not apprehend any danger, but what may happen wjthin Bordeaux, for the Spaniards will fend no forces to land, as this perfon informs me, My opinion is, that you Ihould provide for the defence of Bourg ; for if it fliould be quite unprp* vided, the enepny may make themfelvcs mafters pf it as their fleet comes up the river. If the fieurde Monteifpn i§ at Paris, I will difpatch hiin ilPP]5diat?ly to jroq to receive jroqr orders. The fuperimendcnt, have p"om^^ ^9 you to-morrow, or new rf^f *^ "« *o »wnit «P»Wng Chateau T«m^' ^°'°°° J'^«». tor good nSnber of offir^iT'l?* •' ^O" «"» hive a % of the gat« ofeftt'V"', '!;? ?^ and that you diftribute the fo^,?- 'r ^^ '^ <»», that you may ;„ r„ hours ^"''" H» "«««' ff«y. by marching the^7„S"= P-^^de for you; !lTay* to be undelS^d'" ha? v^u T"" I '' ^ ficient to fupprefs anv J„r. 2°" '"^e ^h* fut nfY" ^f tfed?: *W making Aemfd^ P-Frpt3iSJ&?t?^j;^S*«tion. if ie be of note n theparliamKat I^^t"""^"^"*" .him inureJy « to eeuinJ^ ireklve to oblige Bordeaux /and Z^^^ t^r'^^^'^t h.smaje^veryfpontoiCanordi' ? '^PP^'^te Kej for as this has £"» i^^ "*' ^°'' *at pur- th-nk it may be pf ufe jHrn "'f * ""^ ^efi^. I occafion ; and as it is at t^i"* '^^ "^ « °«this "« 'ididt it, the flvour mifc" T'^^'' "''y *> tor minds, but this is ftujieft !n '""'^fea on Wjudge, whether it may be fo/.he l°*.P'?dence tJ-f ^'il^""'^"de„ts/av^htt,'5'?f » ft^ce. that ,f the parJiament be re efl^w*r?'^ '"^' *at .•leaux, It wiD verify fom/J^A '''''''^'' ^t Bor. n the vaft expence heTputt'- '° '"^* *^ ^in^ '«">?> war, la r believeKh." "'i'^'"^ on I rfo'tin 4 handfome mann ' *^P,''''"'n«t will ting. " "= manner, without capituij. - ?^5^ rjment orflX h"'' T^ ">« two which majr be weak as to mtn h? '^«^«=dmoft, f good QVBce«5 andlam ^V "i^'''= "mpofed ftnd them as fo^nMvo,r„Pf''^'"^^d that he will "Otto hinder you fr^J°^„^^« to him. This ^ ^«- winter quarters, S;i;^,:^at^ on ■1 - 90 Letters and Negotiations •^■ ■.A s^.: .>. '^'■ tsti the conditions I pfefcribed \ becaufe you wrote ine, thac notvdthftandinfl; this, five or fix regi- ments may be maintained in the Province during the winter. 1 have di^atched with all fpeed one of my guards, and I beg you to fend him back in the feme manner, and to write to me. If you believe that there is nothing to be feared from this defign of the enemy, and of the meaibres you have taken to render them abortive. This is all I have CO write you at this time, but to ren^iind yo^ once more, not to forget taking all care of your ownperlbn. ^^ ' " lam, &;c. Cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eflrades. La Fere, July 19, 1655. IT feems to me a thoufand years fince I have heard from you •, 1 fuppofe you for the pre- fent to be at Bordeaux *, out I earneftly entreat you to go from thence as foon as the eleftion of jurats is over, and repair into Catalonia, and to believe that you can do nothing more agreeable to the king, and that can more oblige me in par- ticular, and to inform the prince of Conti, that you will ipare neither pains nor even your own life to contribute to his glory ; I will anfwer for his giving you all the good reception you deferve ; and that you fhall have reafon to be fatisfied with the eileem and confidence he will ihew you. I iend him juft now commifl^ons of lieutenants- ^neral to St. Abre, to the chevalier d'Aubetcrre, Gedaigne, and Bellefonds, who are to ferve under you. I entreat you to write me often and fully of every thing, and always to continue that frienaihip y()u> have have all n my canH wh his an have d gimeni in Cat way of as ilboi this car army w and in care tha another them to %n is Aall fer Auguft withhih which the; have promifed, as that which I fhall have for you all my li^ tftti receive no addition, hot to mention my e{teem» which is to as high a degree as you caii with* . ^ ^^ I att, ooc. w IMkMiMfkrik MMiMUk«iUMa«i^i^MiMMMI^ •MM C^dinal Mai&riti to count d'EMdes*. *ni!.' *f*>- March 2$, 1657. I believe ybii will be pleafed With the choiee which the king has made of yoi) tO tommand his army in Italy under the prince bf Contt. 1 have dispatched orders for the march of eight rt-* giments of foot and lik of horfe to thfe army now in Cat^onia, to be conducted into Piedmont by way of Lyons. I defire yOU will jfcpsdr to Turin as foon as poflible ; great matters are defigned diis campaign 1 the duke bf Modena will join hi§ army with the prince of Conti, and will aft jointly and in concert : I beg you Will take partdcular care that they live in good Underftaiidihg With c^n« another ; they both efteem you, and I TO^ed 6f them to place full cohfideiltfe ih you. As the de-». fign is to attack foiije contlderabk place *. t Ihall fend the count de Quihc6 in the month bf Auguft with 5000 foot as a reinforcement^ and with hiih a waggon with 2bo,b06 livfes In ^tdt* y t am, &t. * *t\^\& w4s Aicxahdrk de la Paglia in the Milatieze, in which they did hot foeceed. -Cardinal .Mk^-. 92 Letters and Negotiations Cardinal Mazarln to count d'Eftrades. ' ";^: La Fere, June 1 2, 1657. ALTHOUGH you muft be fufliciently con- vinced of my friendlhip for you and your whole family, yet you cannot believe howereatly I rejoice at your fon's jgreat exploit in takmg of Nono, by a way fo dimcult, and almoft inaccef- /ible. The relation of it which the duke of Mo- dena and the prince of Conti have fent to the king'^ afcribe the honour of it to you, for having difcovered the path and for having advifed the drawing off the garrifon in the outworks towards the plain, whilft at the fame time you caufed an attack to be made, by the road of the mountain, by your fon at the head of his regiment, who carried the traverfe works and the place and made prifoners of war of the governor, the count St. Maurice, and his garrifon of 2000 Germans. This is a fpecimen of what we may expedl he will grow to in time*, and fliould give you great fatisfadlion to fee in him fuch glorious fruits of your inftruc- tion and example. The campaign could not be opened with a braver a<5lion, nor more likely to intimidate the enemy for the fuiure, and to leflen their courage in oppofing our further defigns. I believe when our forces are joined we Ihail not be inferior to thofe of the enemy in number, as all my advices inform, that they are only 14,000 and as to good- nefs, ours have the advantage ; for which, and tj)e news from this fide, I refer you to what I have wrote more particularly by the fieyr Brach^^s. I defire you will embrace your fon for me, and af- fure him, that I rejoiced as much as you for what; )ie Jias done, I am^ &c. ^ Cardiniil if Count d*EsriiAt>tfi. M '^ Cardinal Mazarin to count d'Eftrades. || ■*•■ Sedan, Aug. 21, 1657. THE news we have from Alexandria, of the the loth of this month, in relation to the fiege, could not have been better, unlefs it had been of the taking the place ; there is nothing sives us any concern but the marquis de Ville*s beine wounded, but we hope the pain he fuffers * will be all *, mean while we expedt ttie iiiue of that fiea with impatience. * "* I congratulate you on the honour your fon has acquired on this one more occafion, by the lodge- ment on the counterfcarp of the half-moon which you attacked -, you may believe, that as I love and efteem you fo much, I muft fhare with you in the fatisfadlion he gives you, and that I will make it my bufmefs that you may obtain what you defire. I am, &c. " Here, I believe, the reader will regret with me, that there Ihould be fuch a chaim in the feries of this great man's correfpohdence, fo as to leave a blank from the date of the above letter to the year i66x •, what follow are what the French call hors-d'asuvre, or not in their place, but are not lefs curious, particularly the fubjoined letters to king Louis XIV. felicitating him on his conquefts made in Holland, and the means of fubjedt- ing the united provinces to his obedience ; had he followed the counfel given him by d'Eftrades, of feizing on Mayden, where the fluices are ; but this was not thought of till it was too late, and that the prince of Orange had put a garrifon into it." Count *' 94 .■^i. Count d'£ilnide$ to Lovi^ XIV. Sire, Wefel,Juiiei5, ffi;^. T Cannot fiifficwptly cxprcft the ioy I hvrc, that 1 your majcfty profpcrs every diy ia your dc, lign3» and tfiat yow have in fo few 4ays rc4«cc4 fy powerful and haugh^ a ftate a? that of HoUanic}, which i9 more than could have been done bf tiho united foree of many oth^r kinjgs. It is owine to your majefty*9 prefencf) and giv- ing your or&n in perfon, tnat your t/oops have been inspired to m with that appUc^'gn and pa- tience which can never be too much •^duiredi and I could not have believedt had I not bee© an cy?- witnefe, not in one, but in many rcoc-s^unter^ fim your niajefty left Charleroy, on wWch depei>dc4 the fuccei^ of the great conqueft you have jopiadei for I cei!tainly Ifinow, fire, had not your majefty remained till it was night Oti the other (ide of the Rhine to order the ierryingover the bread wi^ons, ovens. proyil«)ns, and nece^ary equipage> with the artiflery, your aripy would nave loft a whole day's marijh before it couJd have got into the couotry of * Betau ♦, and if the tnemy had made ufc of that one day, tbey would have niarched f OOP horfe and ^opo foot to have diQ?utcd the paiJage, and rendered it even impQJ^ble. I have juft now iFeceived i0ft)ni>ation thai the populace ojf Utrecht have taken up arm* againft fuch as would remove their e.fl^bfts and gpods, and even to plunder thero. There 3*3e in that place above 6opo catholics, the chief of which are of my acquaintaBCC, and J nuke no doubt but when they lee themfelves fupported by your niajefty*s army, they will be abie to fright or bring over the * A diibrift in Guelderland, iii which is Nimeguen. Others, others, dieHoJld .-^- 3fe, may ruin th.m', wh?^7^«;«8 <• ««« whict .0 preferve both tl.enb«S^iSyi?:S •*''y"* ca]}iculat( najefty. ^ ^,. -. ,^^ loft; and by fen^nlTboTnf^ ** "^"^ «» 't "»y mwch without an5^^ *t^ *«"«. wards march to Swamme;^^'^ f^r *^ **«•• toLeyden, which. SS*A^ ^T" ^'^ 0P«>. will Mther cW« t^. • ■ »*%«« «> it io «rrit«y r^';'^'* » cap'tulaee thw » have government rfS can, and to affirm thJ ^Tr^^r^ another »« malfcr of U?«cht ,?j "?*''"°" *« Xw ""med. you may S aSiftir P'*''?..' h»^<= ■ ^l^ Utrecht. t£Jy conquer the provincL^r, J of, you can , m. and UtrechtTXfe /p^^f ^L^'^'.O^'- ■ungen may be attikiS k *^'^'«'«l*nd and Gro- other places VhichoJn into^t, ^°"^«n. and hJjT «mai„HoJland S Zc^t^''^ J''^ ^^ tliefe may be divid^H u ^*aland ; the former of W [^a«« i«S'of W" ''^ '^ «^P^^e rluch, being foveiitn • '^^^^''al towns j aUof "S wvereign m themfclves, wUl be pleafed 9$ Lt^ets and KegotiatioAS plcafed to be no longer under the authority of the ftates-generai, if once they fee that their privi«' leges will be preferred to them, that their magi« ftntes govern their people as ufual, and their trade and revenues remain on the fame footing as at Srefent % excepting the foolifli pretenfions of the ates with regard to the fovereignty of the fea, which may be regulated as your majcicy (hall judge pn^r. • Things being thus regulated, the communica- tion wi)l remain open between the conqueds you have already made, which will make them -fubfift better than if all the country fhould be delVroyed, and your majefty will gain farther a great bene- fit from thence \ for in regulating by confent the boundaries and extent of the territories of the fe- veral towns, there will be great feeds of fedition fown which muft be left to your majefty as arbi- ter ; this is What I have fcen happen almoft every year under Henry, late prince of Orange, who» as their governor-general, made up thofe dif- ferences, Amfterdam has difputes with Harlem and Ley- den in relation to the dikes, pafture, and waters. Rotterdam alfo, wiih the town of Dort; with regard to trade, fome iflands, and certain villages; all thefe things will give a handle to whoever you appoint governor of Utrecht to foment or allay thofe divifions, as may be moft for your majefty's fcrvice. The towns in north Holland will follow the example of Amfterdam j fo there will remain on- ly Zealand, which may continue a diftindt fove- reignty, but cannot fumift without the fupport of France and England. What other places remain belonging to the rftates muil" fall of themfelves ; fuch as Bofch, Grave, Heufden, Bommel, and the forts belong- '\ ..- ■ ■ ing »ng to it i B not being an of Holland, jcfty's arms the land anc out pay, am their own ex as have occ« means the n will be utferl) topofterityas and as awor hope your ma taken to give' fubjeft, as I j ferving you on me capable, bt Fragments ol count d'Eftr Orange, in AFTER ha proofs of Henry prince o] mark of it by a mewing me the. liamhis father, ' I may truly faj ine occafion of cardinal GranvelL vices he gave to yernefs of the low '«to defpair, are . I ft": mg to It ! Breda R.,-. «"«•■ gy not being any lonS%l2iT^' ?"'lMatftrich, jefty s arms when you nJe^, '* '° ''••fift your ma- the Jand .nd fea Arcefof th! ft "'^'^ **"•• bo* out pay. and every tXnJ^^a *'" *"' ^ '^"h" their own expence, as ^Ifo fn i?"""'"'" '™°Ps at 35 have occa&„ 'for £ '^ ""•"'^'ne town, means the republic and ^ f^^ *f " % 'hofo Will be "."Vruined and deftro?/ 8?^<=™nient to pofteHty as ,he greateft e3 ''•Z"'' *'" '"''ve and as a work worthy of fS' °/,P"""^'"ent. hope your majefty wij) uJl^T^!'} » Pri"ce. I taken to give'my^hoX''on tt /"^"^'^ '"'^« fubjeft, as I proW no oth^r L'^l""""'""''* ftmng you on al4ch occafion,! '' ''"'" '^at of -ne capable, being with a'l du " . V°" '"*'' """'^ Fragments of feveraf /.« ' 7 . count d-EftradeThad with H '^'°"'' ^"ch Orange, in the yearrl^^: Prince of 1641. y«a« '639, 1640, and Henry prince of Oran^ i hi''°"''^ence from mark of it by conduS me fnlT "^7 ^ g'"^ (hewwg me the memo^^s rf i ? *"' "^'o'", and '7 his father, and aJ wt^Vf ^ii'^ Wil- I may truly fay, j nev« ij'^"' "f^ 'bem, , The occalion of Vhe bad offi^.!^ J"^ """S finer, cardial Granvelle, are wdl fo- ^ T" *'"' fro™ vices he gave to the dJh!f /«"''' «" thead- remefsofthelowcountrii 1**^ ^*™^ ^ben go- '"'^ defpair, arT therSka °' '° P"*^ *^ p4j* \*;?te.> : H " "*>"« of vdth fo ( ^ Letters dfid Negotiation^ riiuch ftrength of zeal for ptcferVing thoi*c prd- Vinces, that the beft fubieft the king of Spain had, could not have afted more for the fervice of his rtiafter than he did. • I afterwards read over the vindication of him- felf againfl: the king of Spain, ajid the inftrudion he gives to his fon prince MaWrice. He recbm- rtierids to him above every thing, riCver to hearken to any agreement with Spain, ahd riot to allow himfelf to be allured by &ny propofals that might be advantageous in appearance, btit wotild end in his ruin •, that it be his principal care to maintain his alliances with France and Eilgland, a!hd that he Ihould never depart from the inteteftof the ftates add the treaty of union •, that he pireferve with care the form of the commonwealth and the laws he had eftablifhed; that he ehcroach not on the privileges of the towns ; that he remain always arbiter of their- difputes as a friend and the chief of the ftate, without giving any umbrage to the tO\«riis or people by his authority, and that he ne- ver ads otherw^e than as gjenerai and ftadtholder of the republic.. '*>W •'.-/. ■;:-■■ -.^^-SJ-- >>'->•;■ ,:>-.v. ; i. « , After readirig this, I thahked the prince of Orange, and exprefled my gratitude for the con- fidence he repofed in me : to this he anfwered #ith fo much goodhefs that I was fehfibly aifefted. He then made me go ^ith him to take the air in his coach, hOne elfe being with us •, at which time he told me, he had great dilficulty to preferve a friendfhip with the late prinre Maurice his bro- ther, who fufpefted him of fupportmg the Ar- •itienian paity underhand, at the head of which Barnevelt wa$. He told me, it was true, that he held a correfpondence with them to the end that they might hot oppofe him at the elec- tion of a ftadtlVolder, in cafe his brother, who had no children, ihould die ; but as it was very ' *3 , ncceflary cular friends a,d fo^-SU^r "^ ^'' ?»«'- h« party to unl fme called a counclFof ^ar j^ f?^ « *<= f»me French, Hauterive «tond?. fH",',Senmlof the |A colonel. andStarembl tt2''^ '^ ="5" the cavalry, count Stirum rnm "^"'"^"*"'°f and feveral other offices 'of ""'^"''^T general, communicated the order he L^' ■" '^^°'" ^e ti«= fiegei and gave it as hi, „ '"'"'^^'^ » «ife tinue the fiege. and IM ^" °^ "P'nion to con- them would^^'of"his optnio^ '^lu^' ^"' ">« ^ ^f madon. that one of ^feT a^ "'^' ''^ had infer- Wefel was falle"! and L'^^m""' °/ »''«= t°wn of » venr large breachjand aJ If^h'^^''' had made [o great a diftance a for^ TeaLS'''^"' '°T'? ^»» at he believed that the en^mlT .J^?*" ^is camp, c.on of what he now nr^Lr"?''' ^^ "<> f^fp'- Place by furprize ; Z CC'Lf i'^'"S tL baron de Heyde forputoW tht" ' ^''°'« °fthc was an old officer ai& ffr'°"' ^^h" for thatpurpofe 6000 foot 7!!: "''.^"^^ ^im fent him away that ver? niX T° ''°''^^' ""d marefchal chaUn and Vther °r^^ he fent council of war, and camrthi?h.! r *"" '« *e Ae ftates deputies , wh«n he tn,H u "'''' "^'^ defimustheylhouldbeprefenff^K ' "'^ ^e was « he did not care toVa&,ff •''^"5*''« Paffed, t'"ce on himfelf. ' "^ *" "^^^ of fuch impor- -i^ ^t^ ri^^ «>«inuin^'th/^ depmiesVt Lymthtrturrr"^' L"" '"W^he JO aflure their maflfrs^W ■ ° ''"=r"'«"<=' and ftould iind fud, Sa fnt ;? " '^^ '^"/^ he ''■« they Ihould have n, d-iio f' "T'"' ""'V. '"^'h«theprovifioi!r,SjSS^^^^ Jery, •^ ' I 102 Lcttcirs and Negotiations lery, belonging to the enemies arnny, had been ta- ken in the place, and all the garrifon kitted ot made prifoners, which obliged the enemy to raife the fiege of Utrecht, and to return after this gttat lofs to Maellricht. .. . i , < v . . Six days after this, admiral Pintrfekcns arrived in the Texel, who had defeated the Spaniih fleet, and taken twerity three Galleons, whofe cargoes were valued at twenty-fix Millions, and a few days afterwards Boifleduc furreridered. In fome othct converfations with the prince, hfe told me that he always defigned to be well ^ith cardinal Richlieu, in order to incline the king to declare wnr againft Spain; but that fome things hftp)ened which had broke thofe meafureSj parti- cularly the treachery of Valkembogur, whom the cardinal had bribed to revolt in the principality xiS Orange, no more to ackho^wfledge him as fO^- reign; he told me he had for a whole year 'enter- tained in that town of Orange twenty good offi- cers and 200 private foldiers in places under- ground, who were to wait the time of Valkem- bourg's coming out of the caflle to vifit a favoui'itfe hdy, who lived at the end of the bridge, who were to furround the houfe as foon as he^ent in, in* order to feize and kill him, that it was i Idng time before he ftirred abroad out of the caftle •, but at length, his bad fortune would have it, that hp went to pafs a night with that lady, attended by fifty iftout men of His guards. The prince added, that he had trufted the execution of this to Kenut'his intendent, and to the fieiir de Beau- refe, a captain in the regiment of Chatillon, Mi- net, and other good officers ; that Valkembourg had no fooner got into the lady's houfe than it was furrounded i that indeed his guard made a ftout refiftance both in the court and ftair-cafe, and that be bimfclf came out into the hall with his fword in w .v.. ; ;'jiff^,!w^' een tl- ilkd ot to wife is gw« ; arrived ilhtlect, cargoes id a few rince, hfe well with the kirtg me things rcS, parti- *;yhom the icipality oif xi as f^^- year'efnter- godd ofii- ^ces under- Lf Valkem- a favoui'ite |c,v^howep5 rent in, in' ^as a long the caftlci iiave it, that ly, attended IThe prince Uon of this [urdeBeau- itillon, Mi- mbourghad 'than it was lade a ftout ife, and that th his fword of Count d'EsTRAJjES. 103 la o^ hand and a piflol in the other, where he was killed, after receiving feveral wounds. Kenut, who Ijiad carried on a fecret correfpondence with d}e lieutenant of the caftle, went to the gate and xold him, thatValkenibourgwas killed, andihewed an order from the prince to receive him with the officers and 260 nien, which the lieutenant agreed to. After this the prince told me, that one fhould forgive ofiences after receiving fatisfadlion j-that it was always his intention, after retaking Orangey to make up matters with jche cardinal, and Tor idiat end he defired Eukerque, agent for the ^ates in France, to acquaint monneur d? Bou- iellier, fecretary of ftate, that if the carxiiiial would prevail with the king to ^ve an order to the marefchal d'Efhees, then at' Treves, 1:0 join him with his army, that he would und(:rtake to attack Venlo, Ruremond, and Maeflricht; that his defign was always to engage die king to break with Spain, Which would certjiihly have come to .pafs if the two primes had joined. —The cardinal agreed to ^he propofal, and promifed that the king fhow' * fend orders to the marefchal d'Eftrees .to join the prince as foon as he fhould fit down ibefore Maeftricht, and he confirmed this by co- ilonel Hauterive, brother to Chateauneuf, keeper of thefeals, whom he fent exprefs to reiterate the fame promife :.*on- which the prince of Orangp fet out the fame day and took Venlo and Ruro- mond in a^fhott time and laidfiege to Maeftricht, from whepce he fent an exprefs to carry the news to the cardinal of the taking of Venlo and Rure*- mond*, and to tell him, that as he was now before Maeftricht, he earnefUy begged him to hailen th? .march of the marefchal d*Eftrees's army in order to join his before the imperialiftf fhould join the Spa- niards Wto which the cardinal anfMrered, that the king had occafion for his army elfewherc, and that H 4 , the fr »:w- ^ 104 Letters /zW Negotiations the prince of Orange was fo great a general, that after having taken two fuch places as Wefel and the Boilleduc in one campaign, he might calily take Maeftricht, and wifhed him all fuccefs in his en- terprize.-Bebervert returned with this fine anfwer, witn which the prince told me he was much pro- voked. —Mean time the army of the emperor commanded by Papenheim, arrived within fight of the lines of circumvallation, and that of Spain commanded by St. Croix on the other fide of the Maes, and was preparing to pafs it in feveral boats under cover of a battery of forty pieces of cannon and 2000 mufqueteers : while the Spa- niards attempted to pafs the Maes, the prince of Orange made head againfi: them with his regiment of guards, and thofe of Candal and Chatillon ; the Spaniards loft in that adion 2000 men killed and taken, and their boats were burnt -, M. Deftio, lieutenant colonel of the regiment of Candale was killed after having performed all that a man of courage and experience could do, and was much regretted by the prince of Orange. —A few days after, the Germans, commanded by Papenheim, at- tacked the prince's line of circumvallation, but were yigoroufly repulfed and loft 4000 men and feveral officers. The fiege of Maeftricht lafted eight weeks, and the marquis de Leyde made a gSlant defence j there was one work taken an4 -retaken feveral times. After the furrender of Maeftricht, the prince of Orange received one letter from the king, and anr other from cardinal Hichljeu ; congratulating him on the glory he had acquired by this new conqueft gained in fight of two armies of enemies, The prince wrote in anfwer to the cardinal, that be was much obliged to him for his civility i but that if, by his intervention, the king-s army ftVvd Uiat gf theftates fiioylcj have one common ;•? enemy, cncn ^ouJ had 4 lieve nenc< Tt mean entert he fti king which It is prince more tions, thing. and thi rous, Ji men of never i\ brave a< the grc young ] to ftran, to them ftudy, ft abou^- hi lume in vernmen pver his make th him; h( misfortur and muft once bef was inacc i'l conch formed h al, that and the ily take his en- anfwcr, ich pro- emperor lin fight of Spain ic ot the n feveral pieces of the Spa- prince of regiment illon i the killed and A. Deftio, indale was a man of was much few days nheim, atr ation, but jnen and cht laftcd le made a :aken and prince of /, and anr lating him conqueft JS, cardinal, is civility i [ng-s army commoa enemy* of Count d*Esr^xTyEi, 105 enemy, anc| if that time fhould happen foon, he ivould a6t with more pleafure and vigour than he had done this campaign, and that he (hould be- lieve himwlf invincible if fupported by his emi- nence. The prince told me, that by this arfwer he nieant to remove any jealoufy the cardinal might entertain of his being difpleafed with him, becaufe he ftill hoped that a time would come when the king fhould be inclined to break with Spain, which accordingly did happen. It is but juftice done to the memory of Henry prince of Orange, that no general whatever had more fteady courage and intrepidity in ^reat ac- tions, or more vigilance in providing for every thii)g. He ws exafl and fevere in his commands and the execution of his orders -, he was gene- rous, liberal, and a good friend *, he diflinguifhed men of merit with familiarity and good deeds •, he never fpoke ill of any body ; he loved to praifc brave aftions in the moft public manner, and put the greateft value on them, in order to excite young people to imitate them •, he was courteous to ftrangers, and frequently addrefTed his difcourfc to them ; he retired fome hours every day to ftudy, for he had learning, and commonly carried about^ him Cfefar's commentaries, of a fmall vo- lume in Latin ; his whole conduft during his go- vernment was admirable^ for he gained and brought pver his enemies by mild and civil ufage, fo as to make them forry for what they had done, againft him; he never abandoned l^s friends whatever misfortunes happened to them i he was very clofe^ and muft have made proof of a perfon more than once before he put any confidence in him ; he was inacceflible to flattery ; he was rather too flowf in concluding of bufinefs, even after he had formed his refplution 5 he has feveral times told II \.K 1 06 Letters and Negotiations mty he muft fleep on it before he figned it, and think whether there was any thing better to be done, &c. t? » I'J't Jl,!- V A letter firom Henry prince of Oranjc to the i, a* ^u , wi> count d'Eftrades. ^ ^ *i'* * i'' ' r. ' * '*■* . * *"■■'' 'V ^i' 1 1 * ■ I- V'' -' ' *^' * ,;* ' Sir, ' ^ - : • Feb. 5. 1638. THERE being a vacancy of a troop in the reginiient, commanded by the count de Bergue, which is the oldeft in this country and marches next to my guards ^ I give you the com- mand of it as a mark of the efteem 1 have of you, until an occasion o0ers of doing fomething better for you. ^v; lam, &c. • I \ , The prince of Orange to count d'Efla-ades. ;ii; Sir, ,fvi April 15, 1639. TH^ reghnent of JFrench foot which the late duke of Candaie commanded being vacant, I give you the command of it as a mai^ of my efteem and friendship *, there is in it a vacancy of two captains, two lieutenants, and three enfigns*, you have only to fend me the names of fuch as you would have .provided for, and I will give orders to ZuUchem to fill up the cpmmiffions ac- cordingly. &.> ib much as your majefty^S} tthat heieiteemed himf<^f happy to know, by what I had itold him, that his wifhes were accomplifhed-; and that if the emperor land all the kings of the world had afked^his ilfter^ve would have refuftd them .all, tohaveigiven dier to monfieur, for tjie very reafon of being more near- ly I io8 Letters and Negotiation! ly attached to your majcfty's pcrfon \ that he wat pleafed that his conduft was approved of by you ; and aflfured me, it fhould be fuch for the time to come, that your majedy fhould have reafon to be pleafed. He after this fpoke to me, of Dunkirk, of his army, and that he deligned to put that place in a good condition, and infinuated as if he had a mind to make it a place of arms on further views. I faid, that although I had been governor of Dun- kirk for four years ; yet he knew the importance of It better than I did, and by his long refidence in that place, and every where in Flanders, he muft know better than any one the difficulty of the pafTages, on account oi the rivers and places ivhich arc fo clofe to one another. I did not think it proper to enlarge further at this time, left he fhould lufped that I had a mind to diffuade him, and alfo believing that he had not brought on this convcrfation without intending fbmething more.'? 'h^^^^^-ir t»fi lr>rr^^f! ' .r^>^|-v^^>>K'- ^f". ' He told me of his marriage with the prin- ccfs of Portugal, that he believed it your ma- jefly's interefl to hinder that kingdom from fall- ing into the hands of the Spaniards ; and that he would not believe what the ambafTador of Spain gaVe out, that your majeity was about entering into a league ofienfive and defenfive with Spain, no. more than what the Hollanders pretended that your majefly would certainly enter into a treaty with them to guarrantee the fifhing in the Britifh feas. I made anfwer, that as to the offenfive and defenfive league with Spain, there was no fp.ch league made^ and that the treaty pf peace fubMfted, your majefly being very exatft in keeping your word and profnife; that all the king of. Spain could afk in frien^ifhip from tl;? treaty would be punc- '■mm 3twi#gai3a' u mhu'^i ritv ^;? -m a. tually- ii ' '■ * ' ■■'^'.■■' •"■-T""- of Count d'EsTJLAJ)ES» 109 tually obferved ; but that I could afTure him there was nothing more in the affair. i- ' » ' ^ . * As to the treaty of guarrantee with the Dutch, concerning the liberty of fifhing, I had not heard it was actually concluded; but that I behoved to tell him, if the reftraint was to be extended to all nations, in prejudice of what was a right in com- mon, by which every one had a liberty •, your ma- jefty, befides the intereft of your own fubjefbs in particular, could not help alTilling the Hollanders as being his allies, neither to refufe your interpofi- tion to accommodate that difference which might otherwife induce them to take meafures prejudicial to England; and which might very much obftrudt the great defigns every one was fenfible he had projefted by his marriage with Portugal; and wHch he was in condition to put into execution, having fo powerful a maritime force that none could opp^ie, if the Dutch continued in friendlhip with him. I fpoke in this manner to him, becaufe it ap- peared to me he defigned to pufh the bufmels of Jamaica ; and I found he was pleafed with the difcourfe by his defire to know your majefty*s fen- timents, and the liberty he gave me of telling my own. I thought it not improper to acquaint him, that fince he had commanded me not to difguife your majefty's fentiments on this fubjedt, I could aflure him I had heard you fay, that the prefent con- ju.i6ture, by the means of his alliance with Portu- gal was fo favourable, that by the fettlements be- longing to them in Africa and the Eaft-Indjes, to- gether with his colonies in America, he was in condition to conquer whole kingdoms full of riches, and to bring immenfe treafures into his dominions without any of the inconveniencies of war. ThajC the facility and great advantage of this was no Letters and Negotiations wta faflBefted to your majefty by the experience you had^ that a long and cedious land war, in whith you had loft a great deal of bipod and trea- Aire, and impoveriflied the trading part of your fubjefts, had, at the end of thirty years, brought you in nothing but conquefts, which coft you more to prcfcrve than you drew from thence ; whereas with fuch a maritime force as his majefly had, he could fall upon many weak and defencelcfs coun- tries and acquire confiderable advantages, as being already in poflelTion of fo many fettlements which Could ferve for ftaple ports and places of fa&ty. He hearkened to this with attention ; and told me that he would talk more on that fubjed at another time, but would do nothing in it without acquaintins your majefly of it. He told me the Portuguefc ambaflador was failed Out of the Downs, and that if he had been ftill at London he would have had him to make his compliments to me \ and that as the ambaf- fadors of France and Portugal had vidted in Hol- land, he thought we might have done the fame here. I replied, that I (hould not have failed to have made a return to his civilities ; and added, that I believed your majefty would have approved of whatever he (hould have advifed me to do, even if moniieur de Thou's example had not been a di- rection. After this he told me, that the Spanifh ambaflador had three days ago demanded au- dience to complain that the ambafTador of Portu- gal had bought up 400 horfes, and had fhipped them on board Engliih veflcls to be tranfported into a country at war with his mafter, which was a contravention of a treaty fubHfting ; and that he had anfwered, that if inftead of 400 he had afked leave for 4000 he would have allowed ic, and that he was the firft who had broke the treaty by printing and dilperfing a paper exciting the people pfeOD tired derf< He the pi the p and t\ that h burg; de Wit couJd r becauli I'hurJoi that th( ftates tc from th< faid Croj by this a cmba/ly, J)f that £ in his po the ftates family of to obii&fe fees, that adling in culty to Cleans to m and himffe The ne: cjianceiJor f^'Aubigny in the com your maje me of the ^«tch, jh lerience war, in id trca- of your brought ou more whereas r had, he fs coun- as being Its which fafoty. and told fubjcft at it without flador was ,e had been m to make the ambaf- ^ted inHol- ic the fame ^vc fwlcd to and added, t approved to do, even *tbcenadi- thc Spariifh nanded au- >r of Portu- lad Ihipped tranfported which was ., and thai 400 he had allowed it* e the treaty ixciting the people of Cdknt A^sttAtU. itt people t6 a rebellion, OA which the ambtffiidorr^ tired very ill pkafed^ and the king has by an or- der forbid a/iy of th* court to vifit him. He told rtiti that the defign he had of getting the prince of Orange re-eftabliHied in ht^ employ- ment, had induced him co make up matters with the princefs do .« * The parliament will be up in a week's time, and the king fcems very well fatisfied with their beha- VlOUl or, a mont named, of your to pene which a the king his defig It app ambaflad princefs ( chanceJJo Portugal, making t get rid c with Spaij either by ^ame time the earl of the king'* Parma; a into the m iy mafter; fo effeduaJ Mence, that l^^'^g' Th I wmfeJf an I of a central HtliQ king ■,A,:.^.: ; found :y have infwer I ,e of his the king quences-. land and ' concern afe it was than ten [\e Dieppe being ob- nets had n returned ., but that h the king bans being nilhed with :n the two kly to hear neceffary to de, he gave ufe of Mr; n very cnown him y's intereftj chanceilor, •s „ of Spain, his laft has le intimacy [g W ^^^^}^ learn of him :'s time, and their beha- viour ', vf Count d'E ST K*ADE Si nj viour 5 md in a fortnight he is to take a journey, or, as they term it, a progrefs to be back in two months. . I am, &c. '' .^/ ^^■:-^''0 To the king. ^^ Chelfea, July 25, 1661. UNTIL fuch time as I Ihould have a public audience, and a commiffion for perfons named, to hear what I had to propofe on the part of your majefty, I judged it proper to endeavour to penetrate as much as I could into the cabals which are at this court, with which of his allies, the king of England has the ftrideft ties, and what his defigns may be^ It appears to me, by his treatment of the Spanilh atr^baffador, on the propofal of a marriage with the princefs of Parma, while he was treating with the chancellor's participation, that of the infant of Portugal, as a defign to put the ambaflador upon making the wrong fteps he has done, in order to get rid of the treaties which had been propofed with Spain, and draw from thence fome advantage either by Dunkirk or in the Indies ; and at the fame time the chancellor, who apprehended leaft the earl of Briftol Ihould have tco great a fliare in the king's favour, had him fent to the court of Parma j and during his abfence has got fo much into the management of all affairs as to be entire- ly mafterj and the earl found that this had been fo effeftually brought about in the time of his ab- fence, that he had now no more interefl with the king. The chancellor has fmce openly declared himfelf an enemy to him : at prefent, all who are lof a contrary party to the chancellor have no Hiare of the king's favour or bounty. I . ThQ !&S> -114 Letters tfW Negotiations The orders which have been fent to the gover- nor of Dunkirk, to hinder the building of a fort which the Spaniards have begun betwixt Bergue and Link, cannot be executed without declaring war, unlefs the marquis of Caracena complies, as he has done in the levying contributions. I know they defign to attack Link, and for that purpofe will make ufe of bombs of five hiindred pounds weight, fuch as the protestor or- dered at the taking of Guernfey •, it is certain that with four fuch bombs they will be able to take the fort, and it is of great confequence to your majefly, that theEnglifh may not have fuch a paf- fage as this on the Colme. If the Spaniards would exchange Link for Dermuin, which is fituated in the middle of the country of Langle, and belongs to them •, and that a compenfation could be made as to the other places in difpute in Flanders, your majefly might find a great advantage as having a barrier againft Dunkirk on the river Colme •, and fo that what- ever may happen, the Englilh will never be able to force thefe paflages fufl:ained by Graveline on one fide, and France behind j and it will not be in their power to hinder their being fo fiiccoured. The Spaniards alfo will find their advantage in this, becaufe if your majefl:y has it in poffeflion theEnglifh cannot pretend to take it, neither to afk a paffage while your majefly is at peace withSpaiaj ^ whereas if the Spaniards ftiould once lofe it, all their other places will be in danger, and all their country put under contribution. In order to retard this defign, I told the chancel- lor, that your majefly had fome pretenfions on Link; and that half of the fort and roflee belonged to the chateline of Bourburg-, and that there were commiflaries employed to adjufl: that affair. I thought it my duty to make this ftep till I fhould I know his fi-ie .A of Orang their pari the right i ftates beii eluded be Orange; j majefty's j able to ca may be m ciaring hin liow the t alFefted. After I h England, f< and inclinat amine into pence. J ft ^is extraordi twelve millic J gover- >f a fort ; Berguc leclaring iplies, as and for i of five te£tor or- jrtain that le to take e to your iich a paf- Link for Idle of the 1 •, and that ) the other jefty might •rier againft that what- ^er be able eline on one be in their :d. ivantage in [n poffeflion Vithertoalk [withSpaia-, 1 lofe it, all |nd all their the chancel- tenfions on ic belonged there were . affair. 1' till I Ihould know tf Count d'Es TRADES. 'll^ know your majefty's intentions, by which I fhall punctually govern myfelf. I have learned, that the orders given to admiral Montague to cruize upon the pirates of Algiers is orly a pretext ; and that his real orders are to go in company with the Portugueze fleet to meet the homeward-bound Ihips from the Indies. It is eafy to forefee that a rupture mull foon enfue between the two crowns, unlefs matters alter their prefent face. As to alliances, the king of England reckons himfelf fure of both Sweden and Denmark ; and it would be neceflary, in my opinion, to have a perfon of capacity at this conjuncture in thofe parts who is acquainted with their interefts to ob- lerve their motions diligently, and to difcover what ftiuulations they are under to England. He believe^ Telf alfo fure of Holland, by means of his frie .^p and correfpondence with the princefs of Orange, and the ele(5tor of Brandenburg, and their party, but I am very fure he has not taken the right meafures in this, the whole body of the ftates being very angry that they have been ex- cluded being guardians to the young prince of Orange •, however, as there are two parties, your majefty's ambaflador being on the fpot may be able to caft the balance in favour of that which may be moft for your intereft ; but before de- claring himfelf, it will be prudent for him to try how the towns of Holland and Zealand are affedled. After I had, in my converfation with the king of England, found in him a great deal of ambition and inclination to make war, I was defirous to ex- amine into the funds he had to fupport the ex- pence. I found that the cuftoms, demefne, and his extraordinary revenues do not amount to above twelve millions French; that there muft be an aft I 2 of m ii6 Letters and Negotiations of parliament every year for levying it, which may be interrupted by the bad humour in which the people or new parliament may be, and they are not always in the fame mind; the expence '^^his fleet is about fix millions, and they are paid onthly; Dunkirk cofts a million-, Jamaica a lillion ; there remains only four millions for his noufhold, that of the two queens and the duke of York, for the pay of his horfe and foot guards, charge of ambafladors, prefents, and other ordi- nary and extraordinary expences, which, by the account I have feen, cannot be done for lefs than fix millions ; fo that he mufl have fome other refource than what I know if he intends to carry on a war. I obferve that there are a great many malecontents at court, and ftill more among the people ; the prefbyterians, who are the party which reflored the king, think themfelves ill ufed by the king's refolution to reflore the bifhops j he makes ufe of a great deal of addrefs to bring them to comply with his defires, and has hitherto fuc- ceeded very well. In the particular conferences I have had with the Dutch ambafTadors I have re- marked, that they would defire above all things to be in a ftri(5b alliance with your majefly, and that they would abate of their demands as to freight and whale oil ; but being willing to know what advantage we Ihould receive from this ftrift union, I thought proper to make very cold anfwers to what they laid to me with warmth -, letting them know, that what happened at the peace of Mun- fter muft give a jealoufy of what might again fall out -, but that though your majefly govern id your fubje<5ls with fo much goodnefs and prudence, yet the interefl of your allies was as dear to you •, but that they ought, on their part, to do fomething . more than ordinary to beget a mutual confidence. Wc , whicti n which tnd they expence are paid maica a s for his the duke ,t guards, ther ordi- K, by the • lefs than )me other Ls to carry ;reat many imong the larty which .ifed by the • he makes g them to :herto fuc- inferences I I have re- all things ajefty, and ,ands as to bs; to know , this ftrift .old anfwers letting them ;e of Mun- ,t again fall ■err. °.d your adence, yet o you •, but ) fomething onfidence. of Count d'EsTRADES. • 117 We fpoke likewife of their naval forcCv which confifts of 100 men of war well equipped ; be- fides 100 great Ihips belonging to their companies and private merchants, which the ftates may com- mand on occafion. After which, they told me, that your majefty*s fleet was in no condition to go to fea as formerly, but till they are refitted you might hire by the month to the number of fifty, for a longer or fhorter time as you had occafion, fliips of thirty or forty guns fully equipped, with good commanders which might be depended or \ and that the ftates would confent to it, and npon this, or any other occafion, they would be wholly attached to your majefty's intereft. They added, that they fee very plainly that the king of England thinks to govern their country by means of the cabals, in which he would be dif- appointed, and that they would very foon put a ftop to it. I told them, I would fpeak to them as a friend as I knew your majefty's fentiments and according to my inftruftions from you, which are to endea- vour to incline them to accommodate matters with the king of England, as far as they can, with ho- nour i and that the greateft pleafure your majefty can have, is to contribute towards uniting ?J1 his allies, and to get them to live in good terms with one another. That as to the ufage they had met with from France and England, I left it for them to judge to which of the tv/o they owed the greateft friend- ftiip, moft refpe(5l, and moft gratitude and thanks. They replied, in fuch terms as Ihe wed they were fincere and from the heart •, that they begged I would believe they owed their all to your ma^ jefty i that they never have had it in their power Jo difcharge the obligations they lay under to you, I 3 but % ri8 Letters and Negotiations but that they owed nothing to England, having paid very well for their favour. ^' The catholics have received no fatisfaropofedj tf Count d'EsTRADES. 125 propofed, however advantageous to his mafter, as if one defigned to furprize, and was on the catch ; he fliouid therefore content himfelf barely to make the propofal to him, and not enforce it with any arguments, but allow him to deliberate upon it at leiTiirc i which is the beft way to fucceed. Mean while, it was very much to the purpofe, that in order to make the Englifh delay the attack of Link, you informed the chancellor, that one half of that fort and of its foflces belonged to the diftrid: of Bourbourg, which is mine; anf that the commiflioners named on each fide for eltablilhing the peace, were now employed in adjufting this article ; this may give me time to fee what iucceij* I may have in Spain as to the exchange. I always fufpedled, what you confirm by your ad- vice, that the true defign in fending the firft.fleijc which failed from the Thames, \ras not againft Al- giers, but rather to meet that expefted from the Indies. I have in my hands the treaty concluded between England and Denmark, which is only a defenfive alliance between thofe two powers ; but what you mention will oblige me to look it over once more, to know if it contains any thing in particular that may regard my intereft, which if I find, you (hall have orders what you are to do. As to Sweden, I have not heard thii there is any new treaty of alliance between England and it; on the contrary, what engagements the Swedes are under, were with the late prote<^tor, and fuch as Ihould make the king of England difpleafed with them rather than otherwife. Your ov/n judgment will diredl you, that it is no way difadvantageous to me that the king of England fhould be diffatisfied with the ftates of Holland, and that I have reafon to fear, left thofe two powers, who are at prefent the moft formi-' dablc for maritime force^, flioukl be too ftri^lly , . united .M 126 Letters and Negotlaflons united. Mean while, nothing could be better urged than what you faid to the flates ambafTa- dors. I was pleafed to.be fo particularly informed, as I am by your letter, of the prefent ftate of the king of Erigland's revenues, and the expences he is obliged to be at : by your account it appears to me, that he is not in fuch a condition as is believed; feeing, without fome extraordinary fupply, he muft be every year 2,000,000 livres in arrear ; which muft make him not only value his friends more, but difable him from undertaking any great mat- ters, which otherwife he might be tempted to do, as he has now a fleet of 1 60 fail, for which he is obliged to his misfortunes, by the care of the pro- te(5lor, whilft in authority, to increafe the naval force beyond what any king of England ever could do. Continue to inform me as exactly as you have begun to ido, of all you think worthy of my know- ledge. I have defired Lionne to write you of one particular, which gives me fome uneafinefs *, how- ever, I will not conclude without declaring the entire fatisfaftion I have in your condudt, and that I ftill exped: from it farther advantage to my af- fairs. Praying God to have you under protedion. Signed, Louis. To the king. Chelfea, Augufti, 1661. THE king of England's relblution to give the tutelage of the young prince of Orange to theprincefs dowager and the eleftor of Branden- burg, has given fuch umbrage to the province of Holland, E bettef imbaffa- ■med, as [e of the )ences he ppears to believed-, r, he muft ,r', which ads more, rreat mat- ted to do, hichhe is )f the pro- the naval Tland ever ,s you have Fmy know- you of one nefs-, how- iclaring the ^ and that , to my af- proteftion. L Louis. rufti, 1661. )n to give of Orange )fBranden- )rovince of Holland, Holland, that there is reafon to apprehend it will much obftruft the conclufion of the treaty be* tween England and Holland. The king has de- clared himfelf a little too much an enemy to the penfioner de Wit, whofe party, in time, will be- come fuch another as that of Barnevelt. There are a great many things certainly to be managed and prepared in that country for your majefly's fervice, and by which you may receive great ad- vantages. I find that all the three ambaffadors here are the particular friends of the penfionary, and that they a6t as they are directed by the cabal of Amfterdam,< by far the moft powerful in Hol- land. In the two conferences which we have already had, I can difcover that they wilh much I had gone into the fentiments which they explained fuf- ficiently, to enter into a ftridl: alliance with your majefty ; that your friends Ihould be theirs, and that if any of their neighbours had, or Ihould be otherwife, that upon their being informed of your majefty*s intentions, they would be ready to grant what; you Ihould defire. I anfwered them in ge- neral terms, that your majefty would be pleafed to find them in fuch good difpofition, and that you would do all that depended on you, and likewife that your friends fhould be theirs. I did not think proper to enlarge farther on the fubjeft, becaufe I know that this party are defirous to ftrengthen themfelves againft that of the king of England by means of your majefty -, and that of the friends, they mean the duke of Newburg is the perfon they would choofe to make head againft the elcdtor of Brandenburg, on account of the differ- ences between them : but in this I thought proper to ftop, till I fhould be further acquainted with your majefty's intentions. Prince ,128 Letters and Negotiations ^ Prince Maurice, and the fieur Veyman hav^ given me to underftand, that they are very defirous that the eleftor of Brandenburg would take the fide of France ; and provided he had a fufefidy for maintaining his army, as he had from the emperor, he might, by that means, be difengaged. I re- plied, that your majefty was in fuch a condition, as not to make court to any one, and much lefs to buy with money any body's friendlhip ; but that fuch as defired your friendlhip and proteftion, might obtain it with fafety and lincerity, when fought for without any interefted views ; a proof of which was what you had done for the duke of Newburg, in procuring for him the reftitution of Juliers, in which there was no probability of fuc- ceeding, without your majefty had fo ftrenuoufly infifted upon it in the treaty of peace. As to the affair of Portugal, it appears to me that moft of the king of England's council are brought over by the Spanilh party to hearken to a truce. The chancellor aiked my opinion of this propofition. I thought it proper to tell him, that I thought it very difadvantageous to Portugal, as alfo to the views and intereft of the king of Eng- land ; for that the king of Spain, fenfible of his prefent weak condition, fought only time to re- cruit his armies and finances ; to allay the difcon- tents which now exift in his dominions of Naples and other countries, and at the fame time to fow divifinn in Portugal, and excite difturbances in England againft the king, fo as to find him di- verfion at home. Whereas, if he lays hold of the prefent conjundlure to fuccour Portugal with vi- gour, and carry his arms even to the Indies, he will do fo much damage to tlie Spaniards, as they will not be able to repair even the lofles they have fuftained by the long war they have been engaged in with your majefty. After r n hav6 iefiroua ike the ifidy fop mperor, . Ire- ►ndition, uch lefs but that ote6tion, ^, when , a proof duke of itution of ty of fuc- lenuoufly ' . - 1- . ,■<' ' ' iars to me juncil are arken to a on of this him, that Irtugal, as of Eng- [ble of his Imeto re- fhe difcon- of Naples tne to fow [bances in him di- .oldofthe with vi- ^ndies, he [s, as they they have engaged After having alledged thefe reafons to the chan- cellor, he told me I fpoke very well ; that the in- clinations of the king, his mailer, were indeed to take that part, if the want of money did not ren- der it impofllble for him ; but, if your majefty would aflifl: him with any confiderable fum, he would undertake that war •, and he thought that the prefervation of Portugal was as much for the intereft of your majefl-y as that of the king of Eng- land. I told him, that your majefty having given me no inftrudions, either to hear or anfwer any fuch propofal, I could not take, upon me to fpeak but as from myfelf •, and to tell him that I did not find an equality in point of intereft between your ma- jefty and the king of England in the prefervation of Portugal, bec?ufe your majefty could never fuc- ceed to that kingdom -, whereas there was a poftl- bility of its being united to England. , • That I did not believe your majefty was in con- dition to furnifh any fum of money on that defign ; that the war which had been carried on for fo many years, had drained your finances ; to repair which, you was defirous rather to diminifti than increafe your expences. He laid, I muft then, contrary to my incli- nations, confent to the truce which the Spa- niards propofe, though I know, for the reafonS you have mentioned, it muft be prejudicial to us. I anfwered, that I thought it would be prudent to appear to liften to the propofal, but to delay giving a pofitive anfwer as long as pofllble, on various pretexts ; and, in the mean time, to difpofe the pariiament to grant a fupply to the king for this great defign. The chancellor begged that this co;i- verfation might be kept fecret, being unwilling that the earl of St. Albans fhould know it. K J. have t^o Letters and Negotiations I have learnt that there is no treaty in agitation between England and Sweden, nothing having pa0ed but compliments of civility •, but there is a treaty of ftrift friendship and alliance concluded with the king ojf Deiiroark ^d thj? sl^ftor pf 4f^n- denburg. ••* \ •••.■ '"" 'Oi'-vv-.. .-. %■:■■ As the k'^g of England fetseowton his prpgrefs about the en'l of Auguft, and is to be abfent from London for t<\ro months, and the chanccUcM* like- wife, I begyour majefty will approve, that, accord- ing to the permiflion you formerly gave me, I may go over to Gravelines tO' execute what may be neceffary for the good of your fervice and go- vernment. After I had fent my difpatches by laft ppft, I received, at ten o'clock at night, a. letter frqm the Spanifh ambaffador, which! fent to M. de Birienne, together with a copy of my anfwer ; and n,e«t day I fent the fieur'Batteliler to him, as J prpmjfed in my anfwer i as alfp, becaufe I owed him a viit of civility, I went to repay it after dinner, ai^d tpok that opportunity to confirm to. him the refplution I had taken, of making my coaches tafee place of Iiis at the Venetian amhaflador's entry, which was to be next day, and I was willing once more to give my reafcns for fo doing •, that it did not pro- ceed from any peevifhnefs or pun<5l:iliQ*st tjfiat might produce a mifundetftanding, but from the obliga- tion and duty I lay under, to preferve the pre-emi- nence due to your majefty, which had been efta- biiflied by fo many precedents at this, court, but ftiil more authentically at Rcune and Venice; where the ambafiadors of his catholic majefty ne- ver affift at the ceremonies where the amba(6dbrs of .your majefty are, on purpofe to avoid the raor- Lilication of only coming next after, which was an example he might follow on this occafion. 2 He of Count i'^EsTRADti. 131 He had nothing to offer in anfwer, but the in- ftances of the count de Soiflbns and monfieur de Thou. As to the firft, I made anfwer, that the reafon why the count de Soiffons did not fend his coaches at the entry of the ftatcs ambaffadors, was not on account of any agreement he had made, but that he was indebted for feveral vifits which he had received, and had not fpare time to return ; and that this was the excufe he made to thofe am- baffadors, when he fent to compliment them ; with which they were fatisfied. As to monfieur de Thou, it was it the requeft of the ftates, and their interpofition, begging of all the ambaffadors not to fend their coaches, as the method to prevent any diforder on fuch a con- teft, which was not the prefent cafe : but if both thofe examples were of any force, as my or- ders were later in point of time, I was obliged to confomx myfelf to them. He then declared, that as I had taken fuch a refolution, he would do the like, in cafe the Vene- tian ambaffadors fhould fend to him to notify ilieir arrival, whkh they had not as yet done : and as I had not received any meffage more than he, and in that caie it is not reckoned decent to fhew an^ marks of honour •, we agreed, that, in order to be informed of their intentions, we {hould imme- dJately fend to find their refident, who affured us, that the ambaffadors would not fend to either of us, to notify either their public entry or audience,' and that, in this particular, they would follow the examples of the count de Soiflbns and the prince of Ligne, who were extr^rdinary ambafi^dors as well as they •, on which we agfed that neither of us Ihould fend our coaches : and I afterwards re- ceived information from the Dutch ambaffadors, that they likewife had not received any notifica^ tion. > • K 2 1 wiU # 132 Letters and Negotiations I will not affirm pofitively to your majdly^ whether tht Spanifli ambaffador, ftu(Jying by all means to avoid this concurrence, whicn he cer- tainly was perfuaded might be dangerous to him, bv the preparations which he behoved to know I ' had made, may not have cauled the ambamdors of Venice to take this method, by i.v2 managvi- ment of the refident, who is his particuV.r ;f;ienct, and I know dined with him that day at his houie ; or whether the vanity of imitating the examples of the count de Soiirons aid the prince of Ligne has determined them to proceed thus, The next day ;;t noon the king of England lent ro me a gentleman, an officer of his houhi^id, to defire I would not fend any of my coaches, nei- ther 10 the carry nor audience of the Venetian am- baO>-rlors j telling me, that the fame requeft was to be made to all the ambafladors. I knew that XA\Q. great number of armed men who were to have rendezvoufed on both fides, in the court and public places near Whitehall, to have affilled our coaches to havf taken place next after thofe of the king, made him apprehenfive of fome bad confequences among the people ; therefore to prevent the diforders which happen on fuch contefts, he thought itpro- ptT to follow the example which he had leen prac- tifed by the flates at the Hague on his own ac- count. I humbly beg to know, whether your majefty approves of my condu61: in this affair; fo that upoa the like occafions, which I exped to meet with very foon by the arrival of ambafladors from Denmark, Sweden, Genoa, and the emperor, that I may either add or diminilh, as may be mofl: for your majefty's fervicc and honour. In the audience I have had of the duke of York and the chancellor, I took an. opportunity to fpcak of your majefty's pre-eminence over the ., , king ***• majefty, g by all L he cer- to him, ; know I bauadors manag'- '.r fflend, lis houie ; amples of Ligne has ^J ind lent Llli.';id, to ches, nei- netian am- :queft was knew that ere to have and public coaches to ing, made ces among diforders ght itpro- ieen prac- is own ac- lur majefty b that upon [meet with [dors from Iperor, that \q moft for duke of jportunity over the king , of Clount d*Es trades; \ 133 king of Spain, and of the injuflice of the preten- fions of his ambafTador on the prcfent occafion -, and that this preference had been prcfcrvcd at this court more than any other, and therefore would not mention the examples of Rome and Venice ; at which courts the pope and republic had inter- pofed even with their guards, to hinder the Spa- niards from difputing thofe rights ; for which rea- fon they were obliged to abfcnt themfelves on fuch ceremonial occafions ; and that I hoped, that the king of England being of the fame ientiments as his predecelTors, would not refufe me the fame afTiftance if I fhould want it. They both anfwered me in general terms, and in fuch a manner, that as I have fince found out, the king did actually interpofe, I am perfuaded he will do the like on all occafions where there is any apprehenfion of raifing any fedition in Lon- don. In this prcfent conteft, I believe if we had come to blows I fhould have had the better •, for being fenfible that frays of this fort begin commonly at firft fetting out, I Ihould have had with me feveral officers of my regiment of foot pnd of my fon's troop of horfe, and fome others out of the garrifon of Gravelincs •, I had got together like- wife all the friends of colonels Ruthertord, Dillon, Naper, and Moufqueri, and thofe being joined to what I could mufter of my own domeflics, were fufficient, I am fure, to have repelled any force which the Spanifh ambafiador could have brought ; but I confidered, fire, that thefe colonels, though they luckily happened to be here at prefent, will not always remain •, that the king gf Spain has in his fervice a great many Irim officers, as wctJ as your majefty ; and that all of that nation are par- ticularly devoted to him, and have great intereft wifjj all the catholics of the three kingdoms ; and K 3 that : f J--: ;'.::--:il::^:: 134 Letters and Negotiations that Batteville neither fpares money nor promifes to engage pvery body; that he receives great fums from the king, his matter, for this purpofe \ fo that although for once we may prevail, yet at another time the Spanifh ambafTador may have the better. Your majefty may pleafe to make what reflec- tions, and to give what orders you may judee ne- ceflary, which it fhall be my auty pundtu^ly to execute. . • I am, &c. r ■ ' V ' .*•.'-•■ Tjy^ ^'^ ' To the king. i'-">\ Sire, Chelfea, Aug. 4, 1661. TH E king of England ient for me to let me know the propontions which he had caufed to be made to your majefty by the earl of St, Alban's, which are only general -, but that being defirous to come to feme more particular, which ihould only be betwixt your majefty and him, "without being known to the earl of St. Albans, he was pleafed to fay, that repofing the greateft confidence' in me, he would put the whole of his concerns into my hands, that your majefty might decide and affift him With your advice on all his proceedings, and that he would not undertake any thing without firft acquainting you with it. He and the chancello'- both think that to fuc- teed in this there will be ne^d of the greateft fe- crecy, becaufeof the great party the Spaniards have both in the court and parliament; and to avoid any fufpicion of a treaty, I ftiould, under the pretence of going to Gravclines, wait on your rn?iiefty -y^ ith the abovcmentioned propofition, the iFwSftance cf which arc as follows, vi^. Whether • of Count d^EsT RAVES. 135 Whether Portugal ought not to be fupportcd for the intereft and good of both crowns, and to prevent its falling again into the hands of the Spaniards ? The means of doing this, and whether to elfec- tuate it, your majefty will contribute any confider- able fum of money ? Or, if this cannot be done, whether the Idng of England fhould accept the mediation the Spa- niards offer to him for concluding a truce ? I told them, as to carrying thefe propofals to your majefty, I could not do it without your or- ders and leave, but I would take upon me to write an account to your majefty of what they had- propofed by an extraordinary courier •, and that after they Ihould have your anfwer, they might lake the propereft meafures ; but as to his accept- ing to be mediator for a fulbenfion or truce, I had nothing to add to the reafons 1 had given three days before on that point; and was ftili of opinion it would be prejudicial both to England and Por- tugal; that, however, I thought it would be for his fervice to have every thing prepared as if he was fure your majefty would approve of the propofal that no time might be loft ; for it was plain the Spaniards would not, as their army had already entered Portugal, and that being able to join the 3000 men dift)anded in Scotland, with the 4000 from the garrifon of Dunkirk, it would be fo confiderable a fuccour, that there would be reafon to hope the Spaniards would not fo eafily fucceed in their defi'gns. If your majefty gives me orders to be the bearer of thefe propofals, I ftiall immediately take poft to wait on your majefty, and take the opportunity of that journey to inform you more cxadlly of tlie ^affairs and viev/s, not only of this court and country, but alfo of Holland and their allie-s in the north. K 4 UpQ^ .# 136 Letters and Negotiations Upon my ftarting the diiTiculty of your majefty's fupplying the king of England with money, he faid, the Portuguefe ambairador had allured him that the late cardinal had promifed their ambaf- fador, then in France, in your majcfly's name, that you would afTifl: them with a confiderable fum to enable them to fupport themfelves, and that M. le Tellier was acquainted with this. One thing I can aflurc your majefly, that the king of England is wholly bent on the affairs of Portugal and the Indies, and that he has laid afide all thoughts of any conqueil in Flanders, as I at firft fufpe^ed. • I am, &c. The king*s letter to count d'Eftrades. Fontainbleau, Aug. 13, 1661, D*Efl:rades, I have received your two let- J[Vj[, ters of the ill and 4th inftant; I own, that after what you wrote to me in your former, in relation to the entry of the Venetian ambaffadors, and the prepirations ycu had made for maintain- ing the prerogative due to my crown above any other, I could not ^ ave thought this affair would have paffed ever and end as it has. I muft not con- ceal from you, that I was under fome concern about two things •, the one, .lead the king my bro- ther fhculd have concerned himfelf in this affair 5yithout any neceffity and in a difobliging man- ner ; for he feemcd inclined to have decided for an entire equality between me and my brother the king of Spain, although he cannot be ignorant for how many reafons the pre-eminence is due to me, and that I have enjoyed it at all times and in all places, The other point was, leafl you i ihouW jcfty's •y, he d him imbai- name, ierablc s, and lat the Fairs of id afitie as I at les. i, 1661. two let- I own, mer, in affadors^ laintain- )ove any ir would not con- concern my bro- lis affair kg man- tded for kher the Ignorant is due les and paft you JhouW of Count d'EsTRADES. 13^7 Ihould have paid any deference to the meflage fent to you, being only a requcft in his name not to fend your coaches, feeing, if it had been an cx- prefs order of his, as he may certainly give fuch as he pleafes in his own dominions, you ought to have anfwered, that you received no orders but from me -, and if after this he had ufed any vio- lence, •what you then was to have done, was to have retired from his court, and to have waited my pleafurc on what had pafled. I did not pro- ceed in that; manner when the ambaflador of Swe- den made his entry at my court; having takeri care that he fhould make known neither the hour nor day to the other ambafladors, and by this method I avoided any diforder among tiiem, without any one having ground of complaint. You fee then, that I have good reafon to fay, that the king my brother concerned himfclf ^Yithout any neceffity in this affair •, feeing he would not oblige the Spaniards to do me right, efpecially in this conjun«ure, when they ou^ht not to be much in his efteem ; he might at leaft have made ufe of the fame expedient as I did by dealing with the Venetian ambafladors, not to notify their ar- rival to any foreign minifter. I do not defirc you (hould make any formal complaint of this at pre- fent, but that you be prepared to repair the in- jury done to me on the next occafion which fhnU offer, on which you fhall knov/ ray fentimcnts at more leifure. If the Hollanders intend to make ufe of tl\c^ duke of Newburg to oppofe the clcdor of Bran- denburg if they fhould have occafion, they fhould begin by treating the faid duke more favourably with regard to his interefl in the county of Ra- veftein, according to the inftances I have frequently made to them, and which hitherto they have ne- ver taken into confideration. However, I will tell ijB Letters and Ncgotiationi tell you, that it is well for mc that iiitt^fs take this turn, as well in rcflard to the cng .^c nents of the eledor of Brandenburg at this time, but alio that I may be the better amired that the powers oi England and Holland will not be ealily united. As there is fo little likelihood of any reafon to fear this, while they are fo jealous and fufpicious of one another, I mud onlv fo condu4b my- felf, that the king of Englana may have no rea- ibn to complain of my crolTing his dcfigns and interefts. I have confidcred very well what the king of England and chancellor Hyde told you on the matter of Portugal, and the truce which they fay the Spaniards propofe. On fuppofition that this offer is real, which you could not learn, you an- fwered very well to what tliey faid ; but as from all the advices which I have from all quarters, I know, almofl to abfolute certainty, that the Spa- niards have never propofed fucH a truce which might bring on a conclufion of the marriage without any difficulty ; whereas all the proceedings and views of the Spaniards have been to raiie an apprehenfion in England, that this marriage can- not be concluded without a declaration of war be- tween the two crowns •, as otherwife Spain will lofe all its credit and reputation, if after having made peace with me they fhould not be able to make all things quiet in Portugal. Now to come to the three propofals made, and with which they would have you charge your- felf i or, to fpeak more properly, the three que- ftions they put to me \ the firft of which is to know, whether it would not be for the intereft of the two crowns to make their utmoft efforts for the prefervation of Portugal, and to hinder its falling again into the hands of the Spaniards? The (econd quellion is, how this is to be done, and .,:*:*.. ^G?«/W/ d'EsTRADES. • 139 •nd if for that end I would advance any confix derabic fum of money ? The third query, in cafe the former be not practicable, is, whether the mediation, propofed by Spain, fhould not be acr ccpted of. . . * As to the fjrft, I will tell you, that my intereft, which I know very well, nay, it may be what I wifh, is one tiling, and my a^ing, or fo much as explaining myfelf in a cafe where my hands are tied up by a treaty, is another ; for as I am re- folved not to violate mv faith and honour in the lead, for if I did fo, the king of England him- felf could not fo much rely on any aflurances I could now make him •, wherefore, when it is pro- pofed to make all poflible efforts in common for preferving Portugal, and the kina of England pretends tQ load me with part or the burden he has already taken upon himielf by refolving upon his marriage, and from whence he will reap iuch vaft advantages without my Iharing in them ; you may plainly fee that this is neither juft nor ho» nourable as to me, and of confequence that I neither can nor ought to hearken to it. The fecond gueftion' is folved by the anfwer given to the fiirf j and as for the third, which re- lates to the truce, you mud abide by what you have prudently reprefented on that head -, and if what the chancellor told you fhould be urged, that they fhould be obliged to accept the overture made by Spain, you may fignify as from me, that they may acquiefce to it as a necefTary evil, which muft be hurtful both to them and Portugal, wliich I fhaU be very forry for, but that I can neither hinder nor prevent it i^ the way they defire. I was pleafed to hear by your letter to the fieur Brienne, which he read to me, that you had ad- juftcd the articles of ygur inftrudions in relation to 140 . Letters and Negotiations to the Iroquois, whom the Englifli aflifl agalnft my fubjefts, and as to the commiffary whom I • have a right to fend to Dunkirk for the creation of magiftrates. But as I find they difturb my fubjedts in their fifliinff, which • the late protedor freely allowed of, which is an infringement of the treaty the late fieur de Bordeaux figned with him, I was unwilling to be the firft to make any infraftion ; but if my brother the king will not execute fo important a point of it, I do not think myfelf bound to have more regard to another article of the faid treaty which I find to be to my difad- Vantage, and which I have this morning given or- ders to my coufin, the duke of St. Simon, go- vernor of Blaye, to redrcfs and to put on the ror- mer footing ; that is, in relation to the Englilh Ihipping bound for Bordeaux which (hall be obliged to put their cannon afhore at that place as formerly, before this treaty was made ; which I think proper to inform you of, and of what in- duced me, that you may be prepared to anfwer, and with good reafon, if any complaint be made for the future. However, tofhewyou that what they tell you, in relation to the fifhing, is not ftriftly true, nor agreeable to cuftom in all times, I fend a very exaft memorial, which has been preiented to me, certified by the principal ofiicers and inha- bitants of Dieppe, and at the lame time an order from tl e*c3uke of York, admi-al of England, to make reilitution of fome fifhing nets to the own- ers, in which mention is made, as if it was only out of favour, of which I think I have very good reafon to complain ; I ordered thefe papers to be put into the hands of the earl of St. Albans fome time ago, who acknowledged immediately, that he believed them to be true, and dpubted not but -'^^^■*^:" r\ '"-"^ ""^ ' ^ ' ■"■ •^' ^'^Ifhould i. it would be very eafy 1 to make them fenfible of it. I replied, 144 Letters , ■\ji^^ ■h'l'^if. '4^r1^.'/ i%%:^--ci.i*'.^l,. • ..,;tv.>^.';. ^w :v . ! To the king. - Sire, Chelfea, Aug. 15, 1661. AFter mature reflexion on the feveral confe- rences I have had with the king of Eng- land, and duly confidering the anfwers your ma- jefty gave by your difpatches of the 5th of this month, I have been fo much confirmed in the judgment afnd opinion you have of the artful and politic manner and views of the king of England in the affair of the young prince of Orange, that being fent for by him lall night, I prepared my- felf for hearing what he had to fay, as if I had been afraid of being furprifed ; and indeed he be- gun, by telling me, that the Rates ambalTaciors were very unre:ifonable :, that he had offered to ren^w the fame alliance as the kings his prede" (^efTors had, with the addition only of fomewhat which had been ufurped upon his crown ; but as a proof of the goodnels of his intentions, he was willing to make ,me mediator of the differences between him and them, but was perfuaded they i. .; . • • would '^.i> 15, 1661. eral confe- r of Eng- your ma- :h of this led in the artful and f England $/ Count d'ESTRADES. 14^ would give me but very little fatisfadion, as that nation was both ingrateful and proud -, but, if your rnajefty was inclined, it would be eafy to bring them to reafon, and to render them dependent on you two i by infifting\/ith the ftates on tlie prince of Orange's being re-eftablilhed in the offices due to him, which they durft not refufe, if demanded jointly by both.*'" * ■'•"■-•■ • p ? nt v] I told him, I was obliged to him for the honour done me in believing me capable of being a media- tor in his affairs ; but that being informed of the pofitive orders in writing which the ambaffadors of the ftates had, and which they would not exceed, I did not believe they would accept my mediation on the propofal which had been made -, and the ra- ther, as J was certainly informed they had orders to retire aad leave England if thefe articles were rejected. • ' - > ' As to the interpofition of your majefty's good offices f^r the re-eftablilhment of the prince of Orange, that I had done myfelf the honour to tell him, in the laft conference which I had with him, that your majefty would confent to it, on the con- fideration of that prince's being his nephew, and for the great fervices his father and grandfather had done to France ; but that, as I knew your n^a- jefty 's manner of ading, I could never take ujxiii me the propofing to you to interpofe, when it would be to no purpofe ; that the ftates would take it as a breach of amity, and an attack upon their authority : whereas, ii this ftiould be delayed for five years, the young prince would be of the feme age as the late prince Maurice was, when de- clared ftadtholder; the ftates then could not but take it kindly of your majefty, if you ftiouH de- fireof them what muftbe agreeable to themfelvcs» and of which they have a precedent in dieir re- cords in the inftance I mentioned. L That 146- Letters and l^egotiation^ f Tliat I begged leave to tell him, with due Stt* fpeft, that by thus hurrying the eftablifhment of his nephew, he would rather retard than advance it, and that he would eftablifli it more firmly by gaining the afFeftions of the ftates by mild mea- Sires, during that time, than by the force he muft make ufe of, as things are now. He fccmed dif- pleafed that I had not come into his icntiments, and, changing th«; fubje6t, began to talk of the propofal ot aflifting Portugal' •, out as I faw he on- ly meant to cajole with proteftations* of efteem, and mere flattering compliments, a^ before, I thought proper to cut the converfation Ihort, and to tell him, that ever fince your majefty had un- dertaken the government of your affairs in perfon, fuch as were cmpMyed by you had orders to write you of every thing, and to wait an anfwer to be in- formed of your intentions ; that I could only tell liim; I had informed your majefty of what he had faid in relation to Portugal, that I might reiterate what I had faid before ; which was- that I did not believe your majefty's finances weie fo welj re-efta- blifhed as to be in a condition to alTift him in fuch a war, and alfo, that I knew how delicate your majefty's fentiments were in cafes wherein your ho- nour or word was engaged .; that I did not know but you might have fome fcruple in lending any afliftance againft the Spaniards ; but tliat I ipoke this on' Y as ny own private opinion. ■ -"'■ '^ '•*' He anfwered me with fome emotion, that your grandfather Henry IV. who was a very wife prmce, and very exatt in obferving his word, had made no difficulty to affift the ftates of Holland" both with arms and mmey, notwithftanding there was an- article in the treaty of Vervins, that the king fhould rot affift the faid ftates againft the king of Spain, purely out of confideraticn of the advantage he would reap by exciting difturbances 3- to toOiatki wjjh reijx I repJic what the and for th conjun<5hij made a le ni^ed thej the Spania of a tediou great fafti eourts of j and the pre done him li niar ds were free from ar 4iiu he was i, becaufe he ^ per, and was, butyoungar lie might ru by being enj ral of confui many battles cd fo many j that Philip I I particular en But that j majefty had 1 I purely to rei Ifhatyouwas I procure fo gr NiJes i that y I the war but i Iqiieyed Fland< Ikingdoms in pte : fo that prity, and fl 1 of Count d'Es TRADES. 147 to that king, and that the fame reafon ftill fubfift^ wj^h refbetl to the intcreft of France. I replied^ that the cafe was not the fame ; that what the late King Henry IV. did, was prudent, arid for the intereft of his kingdom at the then conjunfture of his affairs ♦, and that he had even made a league wi*h the Swifs cantons, and fur- nilhed them witli money, to bring them off from the Spaniards, becaufe he was but juft come out of a tedious war, and was much in debt, and had great factions in his ^kingdom, diforders in the eourts of juftice, divifions in all the provinces, and the proteftant party to be fatisfied whohad done him fervice, at the fame time that the Spa- niards were powerful in all their dominions, and free from any revolts, except m the low countries j iiiu he was informed that Philip haftened the peace, becaufe he was afflidted with an incurable diftem- per, and was afraid that by leaviug hisfon, whowa^ butyoung and without experience, involvedin a war, he might run the hazard of lofing his dominions, by being engaged with a great king, and a gene- ral of confummate experience, who i^d gained fb many battles, taken fo many towni;, and conquer- ed fo many provinces, in fpite of all the afliftaace that Philip II. had given to the league, and to his particular enemies. But that the cafe was not fo now j that your I majefty had not njtade peace out of necefficy, bur purely to reftore the quiet of Chriftendom, and that you was wi^ling even to be a lofer in order tQ procure fo great a g0QcI> and the benefit of ypus allies; that you was perfuaded, that by continuing the war but for two years, you aiight hai^ con»- qiieyed Flanders and the duchy of Milan, and thtt Jkingdoiins in Italy might have followed the fkm« pte : fo that as your majefty was in abfolutc fe* parity, and free from all domefiic divifiOki}&, or L 2 any I 't4S Letters and Negotiations uny appearance of fuch, you had no occafion, from intereft, to cut out work for the king of Spain af- ter having concluded a peace with mm. « I believe the king of England will be more rno* derate in treating with the Hates than he WoUld have been, had he found any indinatiottin yoirr majefly to have agreed to the propofals he made to me 5 but I may be pofitive, that however this may happen, the dates will be more attached to France than to England, and that there never was a more favourable opportunity than the preierit, to fix that ftate to your majefty, on account of the diffidence between the king of England and the penfionary. ,*j;#^.? ,^'4i'?Sim» ^^kjv ow- -' I humbly beg pardon of your majefty, if I en- croach on your patience by fo long a letter, and by taking the liberty to give my advice on afiaifs which your majefty fees and knows much better; but I am put upon fo doing by the paiTion and zeal I have for your majefty's fervice. I. am, &c. . ►,»».< .1 - rttft 25, 1661. of uie nth rticle by ar- ; demand the' ttes ambaffa- iture belong- ^ay be found re to oppoB can to pre- ic, for manyl confcnttoit he ambaffj doi of Count d'EsTRAB^s: * 149 dors, of refloring them on the purchafers being ijeimburfed the value they paid for them in Hol- land : but you are not to fay any thing of what J write to you on this, unlefs it is propofed to you. Jifi to the regicides, I do not believe any of them would have the impudence to choofe a retreat into my dominions as an afylum i if they did, thar/ ,(h©uld foonknow they were no fafer there than in rEngUnd. i- 'jii^jriw ) However, I am pleafed with the exad account you give me of what paflcd betw'!en the king of England and you in your conference of two hours., in which I find he was prepared to atrack you on two very important points, and that you made fuch defences as I could have defired ', I only could havewifhed, that as to the firft, by which he would have engaged me to join with him to in- duce the ftates to reftore the young prince of Orange, that while you was alledging the feveral reafons for my excufe, which however I approve of as very prudent and judicious, you had taken that opportunity to throw in a word concerning the ele^or of Brandenburg and the princefs dowii- ger of Orange, who have engaged fo deeply in hi- terefts oppofite to mine, and fhew themfejves fp averfe, fo that this prince, by continuing, as he now is, in their hands, I cannot promife myfelf, with any certainty, that he would ever fhcw nae any gratitude for all I fhould do for his advantage ; however, that neither this nor the other reafons given by you would hinder me from emp]oyii)g my good offices, and that purely out of friend fliip lio the king my brother •, but that I very well [inow our joint offic. s and entreaties would only hinder the bufinefs, which is premature, becauie lof the prince's -nonage, and the precedent of the [late prince Maurice, who had not his employ^ [pients given him till the ageOf fixtcen i.,and I ., 1/ ;? think. ■;f r^- 156 Letters » ■ ^L-4 '> • >; ■m^* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I HEM. 125 US US m IS IL25 nil 1.4 ■ 2.0 6" Photographic Sdences Gorporatton 23 WIST MAIN STMiT WEBSTH.N.Y. 14580 (716)873-4503 ^>^ <>rAf *5> V 'ij <^ 1> ,„ i\ igi Letter** ^»^ J Nfc^otktiofi8^> tiPll^atkSBm i&bt%9ktJiAftfCB^ ^though thtn ^f %e Jlcffofl-'of ieftfe or reafon could bhme WhP My TttisAm^^thtn in all thisy is, diat if ever the S^tnlards lh6uM give trie the like occafion to e!bm|Mflin of their breach of faith, in whatthey have ]prdmifed by the peace with them, i fhall make iw difficulty, more ^in my grandiither did, to alSft Portugal' openly : but till that be the cafe, I cannot, with honour, hearken to fuch propofi- A ,'sr> iN^A . I have "enlarged on this fubjel^ beyond thi bbtinds of a letter, out of the pleafure I take to juftify the memory of a prince, to whole valour and wifdom I owe all I poiTefs, of dominionii greats nefe, and glory ; and it will be agreeable, if you take an occafion of defending his memory, an4 of giving the king, my brother, juft impreiffion^ cif it ; and I pray God^ &c. i, - ^imp-- . -'rn'mm.^:-'^^:: Signisd, l^ouis,. imm i*mtm mm '..«£i;>i' ;i*r Tj'^.tvr ^-.ii hih )Ak^ili'i/ii'^i}ff.fiU ' ,titt>3: >r^iil^avh-yyi:uf.Gount d^f^ TRAPES* • 15^ dfit as a qmsrcd deBgnedr^out of vantoimciif^r Mefiieurs-dfAufaigny and Carteiet ifftine to |cieiin%^ oiiiSey^%(^*t to misi juk of themiefares; • t)f a letter whi^ tk^ duchefi oC Orleans *liad wrote to theking of Endiaiid oiitlMfli fubjedt'v and i difcovered by, their dHcourfib, thatr tbi^ were ptrfuaded that it was by the pafticipan tion'Ofyouribajefty*'' ■ -o-f '^mjj^j.. /,,.>.. ^^.. ,..-,, That'^e ^kiiig of England had ^ven for asir^ fwer, that he could not 6ive up what was^ his right, and would fooner Iok his crown than depart from it } and that his admiral had ordtrs to oblige every fleet he fhould meet to fbrike their col€>ur&.^ I told them^ I did not know of madam's having wi^ote, and ttiat I was perfuaded your majeiiy-di4 not ; that it was very well knowji, by die way lA which your majefty managed your affairs, thai tou did not confult with the duchefs of. Orleans }> out that file might be inclined, out of afledtion t^ Icr brother the king of England, to niakeifome advances of her own accord, to prevent anyocca-i fion*of complaint on your majefly's part^ in caf^ the king of England fhould pretend to any right tp what you** majefly. had a much better cl^i^ from aU antiquity ; and I added, that I was much fur^ prized with the rumours that were fpread iH' JLoii-« don, and the other places through whith I ^ad pafTed, of mifunderflandings between France and England upon this account ; that all I knew was, that^your majeHy had given orders to your admi<- lal to oblige all fhips he fhould meet with at fea, to lower their colours, anJ tor that end had given orders to equip twenty-five fhips, and had picked out the moft refolute and mofl' experienced captains in the kingdom to be employed an this annaip^^ which, confifling only of ty^ei>ty ; men .of war ^d as many fire-fhips, might .aindeed ineet with iloets fuperior in^numbcr, bur opt jopn^i. determined jpo , periih ' ^54 Letters 4vu/.J(^egptiations ^W^^c^dgW^ 1)0 tjie kiag of E«gc ^^tiu^Ajsiktho!^ I ibundihem to be very T j^^ Jupa^ed at ,^9t .1 tol irai4, as tJiey (old 'ine it was wrote from France ^m. I had pmrs to J^pCfJ^tQtfe^^ I^ poiat. To 'ijft^ir 9^md^ "that the . cohfequenccs would "iJbsf whedber 1 told them truth, and that if the ^^^ihj(>3f j^Hii^i^id did not fpeak to me on that Tub- ^1^^ 1 ftould fay nothing of it to him i that indeed J^^^D^faw fome troubiefome affairs might happen ■"m-Z: &ort time, when it might be too late to reme* I. more vdatj sjttAi^axititti&vsodEuitf.tkta beieotwkk ail aept^idsm, htcvjiSsia^tiiak, tfhdJuxh the laai^^fhimkjM'ws^ fbatto dttr^ ail dtiefil tiB^akett k wii iieiadQry^&e 0i(kiid icceivc tht soo^ooo xruwitt* I toHiiilB^ I libuidT^iteyouriBajeftybf ti^ butdutkivv^ 'tfikticit> ibme time to get goM tor fiach a &m.'\ ^ [ : As he was dien going into coimcii I took lemnr of Mm, on pretence of YHidng the dkike of Vott:^ '^ut as I wfjs eoing out, he cwd me back andtp(d me, he h»d forgot to acqwunt me that maciam had wrote to him on the fubje^ of the flag, ieari!^ kft It Ihould occaiion fome quamd between your ma* j^ and him ; that he did not believe you n^bidd difpute with him a right fb well eftabliihed,; to iduch Henry IV. oonKnted when quedn Efiza- bethaflifted him with her fleet; that it was a ^^t he was in po(feflion of, and that it would be veiy ' idiiagreeable to And your majefly, oii whofefnendflsip be fo much relied, would encroach on the xnoft eminent mark of his royalty ; and there was no- ihing he would bmit to preferve it all over the ocean. I replied, in a very cool manner, that the inftance he had brought of Henry IV. was not to be reckoned a precedent fulHcient to eftablifli a right and pofleflion*, that he was then lb cireum- ftanced as to have a rebellion againft him, and his fea-port towns in pofleflion of the tevolteis,, being only maflxr of ten fliips, which put him upon having recourfe to queen Elizabeth to lend him her fieet, who exa^ed'of him fuch teims as dnr necd^- ty of his aflairs obliged him to accept ; that I was fure your majefty would never take fuch advan- tage of your allien, and that on iiich an oocaflon you would grant theflune favour, without tddng any conditions ; that nothing otthis kind of pre- cedent can infer any thing as toyourxsajefly^, that - . knowing \ .V ■%i' 156 Letters i^nd Negotiations l^f^pwing ,yo\ir (^elicaqr with xegard to d^ndtng 01^ his Tr^ndlhip) it might happen^ thatfiAdiog fpj^vij^ deprived a precenfion which can- piQt i)44naintainedr a kiog fo powerfiij both byiea and l^iidi fpeaking with fomuch ireedom, but that, on.^dii^ occafidh, I adbed more for his inlereft than your niajefty's, becaufe, without doubt, he was to be the greateft lofer, . He,anfwercd, in a pretty haughty manner, that whep aflfairs were pulhed fo far as to give him of- tence, hie fliould find friends offer themfelvcs who were not as yet thought of, . and fhould find means to fupport himfelf. I told him, I could not guefs whatrtne offence was, neither by whom given, be- caufe I neither afked nor propofed any thing of tlus fort on your majefly*s part •, that. I did not reckon the friends he meant were of that confideration as your majefty, and I likewifc doubted whether they would join with him in any alliance againft your majei^9 < if it happened that the prefent good un- der0:a^nding ihould be. broke, which ^ paffionately wiihed might never be the cafe. As he found I was yery little difturbed with what hcvliadfaid, and the manner of it, he grew milder, and afked nio if 1 was not to vjfit the chancellor ? Itold bimi .was then going, and fo took leave, but could not iee.him till next. day.v4>=^ ^a^^- uav li^eif/i^-^' ; ..'That I may not trouble your majefty, by faying thQ J iiajpae things over again, be pleafed- to know,, ^ap the xonyqrfitioa J had. afterYarda:rwith: the out comn *.^- chan- chancellor, «ppeaf6d to bd partly cpnctrtUd^ 0i c^ i piece iKrith what th^ king^ had toM Itvc^, or al^ ; moft the fame. : I bnly faid to him, that it behortd to be the work of hiis head^ hands, and '(ff^dii,,tdi difpofe matters that the two kings might h6t Mi out. He anfwered; that he Would fhedhia;bld6d to prevent it^ and that he was fo much oblige td' ^ your maiefty for die goodnefs you had ihewn him> and the honour you had done his fon, that on aflP Qccafions, confluent with the fervice of die kih^ his mafter, he would be ready to (hew his thaiikr' fiilheis. I found him firm, and no way inclined to give up or abate any thins, telling me^ that the parliament would never confent to any expcdientis;^ ^d that the people Would give all they had to fup^ port the king in what was his right. I anfwered> that I Was well enough informed of the. orders ufually> given from the king to his admiral, to know that he might give fuch as he pleafed, with- ~ out communicating them to parliament ; that* it was true, that when he declared war he behoved to acquaint them, in order to have wherewithall to carry it on ; that as to expedients, I neither afked nor looked out for any. Heiaid then that I defired a war. I told him your intentions were to avoid it •, but if a war- was begun ag^nft ^you on unjufl pretences, you would luftain it with vigour, and for no fhort tiiheJ^^ Upon thi&j ihe told me he had reafon to think We ' defired a war, and therefore thought it would be to no purpofe to think of an expedient as to the flag;' and that he was confirmed in the opinion, by . the advices he had from all parts, that your majefly'' had refolved upon a treaty with the Hollanders, *' in which you was to be guarrantee to them as t6'' the fifhery ; that M. de Thou was come to die, Hague to aflurethem of this, which was very dif-^ [ fcrent from the flrift friendfhip your majefly prb*'* fcfTed. / 1. rj9 Letters W Negotiations fttkd tmce my arriv^ i and ehat it wat only on }four account mar they had been pet mittcd to &O1, . contrary to anticnt treatirs^ Md woakl nennr ha?« diifputed this, if they weft dcpriwd of your pro- tc«ion I and thercfM>e, without entering upon any inqiiiryy as to an accomnnodiation whkh might b« feUea upon in the prefent difpinev the king his mafter was defirous to^ know how you was inched wkh regard to the guarrantee aforefaid, intimating^, that if diis diUkulty was removed the other siighi be eafily terminated^ Your majefty tsnow therelbve to confider what is moft for your intereft v whether to break with England, depending on the maritioie force of tl^ ftates of HoUand, who will be ^ad to offer it cd ' you, becaufe of the advantages mey will reap^fvom your guarrantee, or to refufe it at this time, 4n or- der to obtain a favourable agreement on the matter of the &ag ; . and if you ihomd h^^pen a^ai^ to be ^ohcemed in Aich a rupture, your majefty may then fay hold of an importunity when you find fourfeif moft powerful at fea, and can fupport yoiirielf without any foxeign afliftance, and take the firft occaficn which may occur on the matter 6f this difpute jsetween England and Holland, to take a mare or concern, for which you will have a l^auiible pretence on account of your own fobje^s^ againft whom the like conteft may be formed. It is proper alfo to acquaint your majt%, that the king of England informed me» that Battt- villefiad a week ago fent to demand an audience, to deliver a letter horn the king his mailer ; that he had given for anfwer, that he might deliver it to the Iccretary of ftate, which he had according- ly done ; and that this letter was to mform him of Batt€ville*s being recalled on account of what hap- pened in England, and ofan order he had received to give an account of his corfdud ; but that, ne- : . verthelefs, *vv • .:-,ri of Count cTEsTRADis." 159 verthelefs, he but off his departure, which he knew*- was on purpoie tokiirn what there was in the ru-^ ' mour Q^read abroad of Tome dii^utes between France and England. I took occafion, from thence to tell him of the anfwer which Spain had made to your tnajefty by the iwium of your couf ' ricr, and that although- the order ydn had defirea ii«l been fffanted, and was in gencraFto df! atrtfi*^ bafladOrs from ^paih, vit. not to affift at any ce-^"^ icmdnies where the ambilf&dors of France IhouFd ' be; that the count de Fuente had orders to repeat^ die fame by Words to your majefty, an^ to iatisfy your majefty more fully on that head, you had re- ceived a copy of thefa4dorders,figned by a fecrctary of ftate, #hich contained the fame words the count dcFucnte wasto deliver by word of moudi ti^Vou;'^ as from the king his mafter: ' r ^ '*' ' ■ f H trr He told me that it was forged^ and the comnt-i':'^ ry was beliered, but was an' evicfchce of the weik- ^ ^ nef^ of ^ain. I told him, that it was alfb a proof of Ac great defire the king of Spain had to enter'-^ ' tain a ftriifl friendfliio with your majefty, in whom ' hcfbund Hi much fincerity, and could never be miftaken. ■' '■ -'--■' - -■- ■■■■'■■' -•• ■■^'-■-'■-^^^■.' -' ■■- .' Ilhali fend fiftf HtM, Iw the ftori?, Iir^ cofelr of a merchant of this place who has a cor- rdpondei>t at Paris, as your majef^ leemcd to de- fire; in this manner difpatches will both go and comcfafely. ,H-"' rt i6o Letters ami Negotiations The king to count d'EArades. J January 25, i66z. I Received, by the courier excriordinary which 3rou fent, your letter ofthe 20th of January, and oh(tYvt firft what pafled between youapd meJIieurs d'Aubigny and Carteret on the fubjefb of the flag, and afterwards with the king my brother at your iiril vifit \ and in the laft place, \x\ your conference with chancellor Hyde. As to all which I will tell you, that nothing could be thought of better, oi- more agreeable to my intentions, than every thing was which you anfwered to every one of them, ac- cording as you was obliged to (peak to either more or lefs ftrongly, by their difcourfes to you on fo delicate a fubj^. What I take notice of, in all the tenor of your diipatch, js, that the king my brother, or his chan- cellor, do not fuflicicntly know me as yet, when they treat me with haughtinefs, and a ilifFnefs that iecms to threaten. I do not know the power un- der heaven that is able to make me move one ftep in fuch a way ; a misfortune may happen to me, but fear can make no imprefllon on me. I thought I had gained fuch reputation in the world, that people had fomewhat better opinion of me J but I comfort myfelf in this, that perhaps it is only at London they judge fo falfly ; it is my bufineis fb to a6b as they may not long remain in fuch a miilake. { I am fure that neither at Madrid, or any other place in the world, it would come from any mint- fter, (peaking to my ambaffadbr, what chancellor Hyde was pleafedto fay to you; that the affair of the flag was not to be liiade up between the king his mafter and me, if I guarranteed^ the fifhery to (f Count d'E S T R A D E S. 1 6i the Dutch ; and if one was to hear the chancellor, would he not think that I was undone unlefs this afi^ir be made-up in fome friendly and peaceable manner. And yet the truth is, that nothino; is more indiflfe^nt to me, becaufe Ijpretend very loon to put my naval force in fuch aitatethat thcEng- jifli fhall then take it as a favour to hear of any expedient or abatement of a right that is more lurfuUy mine than theirs. The king of England uid his chancellor may pretty well guefs what my Ihtngth is, but not know my heart or courage ; let them know both. I defire once for all, 3\zt you may as an anfwer to fuch a haughty declara- tion, inform them from your mouth, as foon as this courier arrives with you, that I neither a(k nor feek for any accommodation as to the buli- nefs of the flag, becaufe I know very well how to maintain my right, happen what will ; and that as to the guarrantee of the iifhing, I fhall a£b as%)leafe, without regard to the other point of the fla^, becaufe I can very well fupport my own right, and that of the Dutch, according as I may find it juft, well or ill grounded. I would not have you ^n fatisfy them, whether I am engaged or not in the faid guarrantee ; although, to tell you, and for your particular information, which however.! would not have them know, becaufe they pro- ceed in this unhandfome manner ^ I have not as yet entered into any fuch engagement with the Dutch. '^ ^■■■' ■■ . r-' >-y' :- ■ t-- -.n---- :• •- -m-- . To princes, fuch as I, who regard honour, and and aim at glory, preferable to any other confi- deration, the chancellor might have taken other iHeafures to have obtained his ends ; affairs often fucceed or mifcarry by the good or bad manner of tondufting them*, and even in this, I do not know myfelf, what might have happened as to the guar- rantee of the fifhery which the Dutch pr^fs me to, M if ■•*& ;^#= Lit*'^ % ^1 1 62 Letters and Negotiations if inftcad of fpeaking with fo much haughtinefs as the chancellor has done, he had ingenuoufly faid to you, that all methods were to be taken to prevent your two maftcrs from falling out with cne another ; and that in the mean time he had propofed expedients to prevent any rupture on the article of the flag,^ and had afterwards fignified, that the king, his mafter, hoped from that friend- Ihip he had fo much aflured him of, not to give him the difpleafure of feeing me engased in a guar- rantee with the Dutch, which England would not fuffer without lofs. This was almofl the fame thing, only in more civil terms, and I doubt, whe- ther I could have been proof againft it j but after this haughty manner of his, I think the firft thing I Ihall do, will be to enter into that very engage- ment for which they threaten me fo much. I doubt not, but after- this ftroke, the chan- cellor will reprefent to you the inconvcni* encies from fuch a refolution, if I,purfue it, and that in treating with you, he will exaggerate the faving or lofmg of Portugal, whofc intcreft he will fet forth, muft be immediately abandoned, and the marriage broke off, and a neceffity of joining the catholic king to afliil; himintheconqueil; of that kingdom. I believe, that all this may very eafily happen, and I fee as well as they how much it is my advantage that thisfhould not hap* pen ', and yet even all this is nothing to me, in refpeft to a point of honour, in which the repu- tation of my crown would be fo much wounded ; for in fuch a cafe, far from careing or giving myfelf any concern about other peoples dominii ons, fuch as Portugal, I fhall always be ready to I hazard my own, rather than be guilty of the Icaft weaknefs, which may tarnifh that glory I aim at in every thing, as the principal object of all my actions. •.,■■■ S ^^jiMvi, \ r ... \ the in his ( be the i out in muft CO honour, foeaiiiy deftly, J if I fho ancej tl believe, be very ^ the king Mo ft o«)ers in lb as no| Itjiink,! th^t if ;ar it would iiffairwhi( his back ; it is enoi oic4n, nej cannot cc I gEfat lofs with you I have, tho' prepare yo tribute ao) "%Jwill ^^: kaughtinefs ngcnuoufly [)e taken to 5 out with ime he had )turc on the Is figniBed, that friend- : to give him [ in a guar- d would not )ft the fame doubt, whe- it •, but after :he firft thing very engagc- fo much. 1 , the chan- e inconveni- jurfue it, and bcaggcrate the jc intereft he y abandoned, |a ncceflity of inthcconqueft all this may 1 as they hovf ,uld not hap ^ng to me, in lich the repu- ich wounded •, .ng or giving [opies dominie ^s be ready to ity of the Icaft riory I aim at la of all my tf Count d'EsTRADES.^ 163 *rhe chancellor, therefore, is much miftaken in his opinion, and I will alfo fay, that whatever be the confequence, he will find himfelf as much out in the meafures he has laid down i for if I mull come to an extremity with his mafteron apoint honour, J hope, without threatening any body, foeafily to ordermatters, thatmyfide, to fpeak mo< deftly, ihall not be the weakeft ; nay, I lay, even if I fhould maintain it without any other alTift- }nce i though I have all afTurance and reafon to bc)ieve, that if there fhould be occafion, I fhall be very well feconded, and from fuch quarters as the kins of England leafl fufpe(5ts. 1 no Tooner received your difpatch, than I gave orjers immediately to put my fleet in condition^ fo as noit to be afraid of meeting any other-, and, lt)iink, I may fay, without vanity or prefumption, thjit if jany misfortune fhould happen to it, that it would be in all refpedts the mofl troublefome affair which the king of England could draw upon bis back } after which^ it mall be as God pleafes i it is enough for me, that I have done nothing mean, neither wherewithal to reproach myfelf. I cannot conclude, without telling you, that the gi^at lofs you have lately had, makes me fhare witji you in tlie grief you muft very reafonably have, tho' it is long fince God feemed willing to pr^are you for this heavy flroke. If I can con- tribute any ways to comfort you under this, afflic- ition, I will do it very readily, praying God, &c. I 1 ■ • ^'/., •», -1 ■^--iiii ■ ' - .M f '' ( ' }:'^hy '■■ M 2 ^^ * S* - Vs • *' '*■'■«■, To r* , ,< y^. % ■s'- ». * 'a 164 Letters and Negotiations To the king* Sire, ' Chclfca, Feb. i> leet. TH !^ Indifpofition and afflidlion I labour un- der, render me almoft incapable of that jgood condudt which your majefty's affairs require j the zeal, however, I have for your f ^' ke, will in- duce me to make all the efforts which I am ca- pable of, fo that they may fuffer no prejudice in my hands; and the honour your majefly has with fo much goodnefs fhewn me, in being touched with my lofs, in fome meafure allays my grief; but it ftill remains fo violent, that I mufl beg your ma* jefly would impute to that all the errors I may be guilty of in the courfe of my negotiation for the future, as alfo in the account I give you of the prefent lituation of affairs here. I Ought, in the firft place, to anfwer the letter your majefty did me the honour to write to me of the 2ld i by which, I find, that Mr. Montague has fpoke of the flag in a quite different meaning from what the king of England faid to me. I cannot tell, whether, fince that time, he might difcover that his condefcenfion might make him hope for fome advantage in the affair with the Dutch; but as he appeared, four days after fend- ing my letter of the 20th as firmly refolved as at firft, I fhould believe that Mr. Montague has not I been let into the fecret of his intentions. As to the advices your majefly has received of the reports which Batteville and his emiffaries have fpread, that it had been concerted, I fhould be recalled as well as he, which made it be fuppofed that we had been equally to blame, as ,.?we had both been treated in the fame manner; that your majefly thinks yourfelf much qancemed 3 ^°l to put a ill you of th< you by the for that en fome confu it is my du your orders lion ft fubje declare my ever Battev they have r court; ever rcmptorily, mafter has : recalled, ani that he is in as he could tain leave to had received he is looked light did th^ and this is He fet 01 of his monies, and and republic liberalities h; Now he 1 you pleafe, \ oeneceflary, J be fpread, w to remove tli more, I hopi has committe iby the lafl c % done, II Of^my returr .„*■■ %>%_ j/" _I^w- of Count d'EsT.RAOcs. ijfi^ to put a flop to thofe rumours which tend to rob you of the advantages of that reparation grantee^, you by the king of Spain, and that t .e beft way for that end would be for me to remain hcrtf fome confiderable time after the others departure ; it is my duty to afTure your majefty, that I receive your orders with all tne refpedt and true fubmif^ {ion a fubje^ ought ; but it I may be allowed to declare my fentiments, I may tell you, that where- cvcr Batteville may have held fuch difcourfes^ they have neither been heard nor believed at this court J every body here believes that it was pe- remptorily, by way of reparation, the king his mafter has made to your majefty that he has been recalled, and on account of his miibehaviour^ and that he is in a manner difgraced on that account, 'as he could not, by a courier fent exprefs, ob- tain leave to return to Spain, but on the contrary, had received an order to retire to Bruges, where he is looked upon as a bani(hed perfon. In this light did the king of England fpeak to me of it* and this is the opinion of all his court. He fet out to-day, after diftributing a great deal of his furniture to the niafter of the cere- monies, and to feveral refidents of the princes and republics now at this court, and with all thofe liberalities h^s left a debt of io,oco jacobus's un- paid. ^ ' Now he is gone, your majefty may think, if you pleafe, whether my further ftay at this court beneceflary, and if difadvantageous rumours (hould be fpread, whether a fortnight be not fufficient to remove them, and in that time, or very little more, I hope to finilh all the affairs your majefty has coinmitted to me, as I know your intentions by the laft difpatch I have received; which be* Ing done, I humbly beg your majefty to approve Or iny returning to Paris 5 and as a reafon for ! M 3 granting i .* /^- •i.'3i.W:i?s.'..iiM :^^- m- Lctters and Negodst^ns granting me this permiflion, tUoW me to rtprc* £nt many obligations of confcience which rtquirt my fatis^iiig feveral pious legacies, and bther difpofitions which my wife ordered at her death, ia alfo to regulate the a^airs of a family which is yely defolate. My courier returned the 28th, when it was htti ilext morning I fent to defire my lord d' Aubigny to come to me, as I was not in a condition to go to fcourt; I informed him only in general, how mat- ters were, refervin^ particulars till I fliould have a conference with the chancellor. I chofe this me^ Ihod firtt tQ make the kihg of England andchan* pellor fenlible of the delicacy with which your liia^ jefty was to be ufed in treating of affairs, as alfo to render them more difpofed to agree to fuch things as refpeft your interefts^ •. The 30th I faw the king of England, and took a handle from the arrival of the courier I had that day, with your majefty's accounts of the affairs of | Portugal, to reprefent to him the bad ftate of that kingdom, the obligations he had to fuccour it fpeedily, before the Spaniards Ihould have time to take advantage of the ignorance and diVilipnS among fuch as had the management of its go- vernment-, that your majefty could not look upon him, who was fo deeply concerned in the protect tion of that prince, without being fenfibly af- fedled, out of^ that love you bore to him, at the bad conduft of their miniftry, and that you had fent me a courier on purpofe to copimunicate to him the advices you had received. <• He tpld me, the advices were agreeable to thofe he had received by Fachon, and that he had information of fomewhat ftill worfe ; that in order to fulfil what he had ftipulated for the proteftion of Portugal, he had refolved to embark 3000 foot gnd ipoo horfe, fo as to arrive at Lilbqn by the vfC9imf d^E^ri oes; t5th of March, and ordei^ed ten men of war, 6f fixtyi^uns each, to be equipped, and 6fteen noer- chant Ihips (p be hired for tranfporting the ca^ fv vairy; that he would labour to fupprefs all thi^ jealoudes which divided the minifhy of that couri } J but after he had performed all he was obliged to do, that he was not to be blamed or loaded with all the crofs accidents which might render the af- 6urs of Portugal dill worfe -, that he could not prevent them, unlefs afllfted as your majefty had promifed, and defired of me to know your fen? dments. I declared to him, that I was perfua Jed your fcntiments were ftill the fame, and that orders had been given for that end, and the execution of it had been retarded purely by the difEculty of find- ing fuch a fum in gold, which made nrie not prefs your majefly on that article, that I behoved likewife, at the fame time, to acquaint him with what you had refolved on as to the flag, as an affair that might either more ftrongly cpnfirm, or leflen the good underftanding which feemed to be ibmcwhat changed by the manner in which the diancellor had fpoke to me on the fubjeft pf the guarrantee of the liberty of fifhing to the Dutch. He told me, that he could not believe the chancellor could have advanced any thing contrary either to the good underftanding with your ma- jefly, or the refpeft due to you, and would dif- avow it if it was fo ; but that as he knew very well what was for his intereft, he might have faid, and he himfelf would affure me, that he never could be perfuaded that your majefly would en- gage with the Dutch in any guarrantee which might prove to his difadvantage, although he was confirmed from all quarters that it was fo, and that even at this prefent time the Hollanders boafted of being fully aflured of it j that he prc- M 4 (MCaedj- ,.>.. Ul'-' 4 z6^ Lctt«% tf«rf Negotiations fumed more on yiiar fricndfhip, and the fraqiient proteftations of it which I had -made to him oit yovir part, that at*lcaft vour majefty would have as much confideration for him as for them, and diat he would leave you an arbitrator of his in- terefts, and deiired me to write to you on this h«ad ; and that even if any difference fhould be made to his prejudice, that might oblige him to complain, ic fhould not break the good under- ftanding, which he fhould never cnoofe to do on any fuch account; that he never defigned to compound this with the affair of the flag, nor to demand any equivalent for any compromife your majefty might approve of-, that he did not be- lieve your majefty would difpute it, as to the four leas, which are on the four coafh of England, becaufe his right there had never been con- telted by any prinde ; but for the fea from cape ^Finifterre to the mouth of the Straits or Medi- terranean, and even all over the Mediterranean, he confented, for the fake of good underflanding, that if the two fleets fhould chance to meet, nei- ther of them fhould exaft any falute from the other, and that each carry their flag, although there was no example nor precedent of that in pad times; and that in the Mediterranean, as well as in all other feas, his fleets had always orders to oblige all they met to lower their flags. I afterwards faw the chancellor, and found he had received information from France, that your majefty was very much diflatisfied with his man- ner of diking to me on thofe two articles. I con- firmed hinl inthat opinion, telling him, that your majefly, ^^poflng to yourfelf, in all your ac- tions, the hi^hefb ientiments of glory, would ne- ver fuffer, tl^ any prince in Europe fhould im- t50& conditions upon you, or that you was to be bargained with, as his defign feemed to be ; that *: . - you tf Count (]^axRAJt)SA: i6g^ you might be moved by civilify, and by % reli- ance on your word, but could never be prevailed with to alter what you defigil by any procedure that had the leaft i^pearance of haughtinefs, {^ He feemed to be much furprir<^ at this dilr pre- tended, as he had feen by a letter of the queen of England's, and one from the duchefs of Orleans; and that nothing more could be done to pleafe your majefty, nor could the king his mailer go any greater length, without ruining himfelf, neither could he advife him, without cxpofmg himfelf to be brought to the bar of the houfe of lords, or to . "-; .'i-.^L\i • . /.I. ■■■;.<"! 'j^f.-. i^i^ ■ii::c^lk,iit}L-,'-uA-.\i-^,-ii'. ; j*.l-:;* ,-• j.>.,.>tAi--'.<.. ■li^iWrfiiis'i'^i^lwi-. ■4., *v- f ;^o Letters and Kegbtiations to be impeached in parliament \ that he could not think, your majefty would expofe him to public cenfure, for a pretenHon which could not be ap- proved of, and could be of no advantage to you Oh the prefen|: occaHon. . I replied to this, as I had done to what the king of England faid on this fubje^ ; by main- taining your majefty's fuperior right in all the feas, and by difagreeing from all the arguments and precedents adduced by the chancellor, to fupport his maker's claim, and by declaring, that I had no orders to find out any expedient or compro- mife ; but that I would voluntarily reprefent the inconveniencies that might arife from this quarrel, which it was the Intereft of England, and of France alfo to avoid ; that I had nothing further to iay, but fhould render your majefty an account of all that had palled ; and that it depended on you, to give What orders you thought proper to your admiral. -T To the king of England, I made anlwer as to the guarrantee ^ that I had no certain knowledge, that there was any thing adtuaily agreed to with the Dutch, as had been rumoured and given out by them; but I doubted not, that your majefty would confiderlus intereflinthat affair, and have a regard to it, after the eameft requeft he had made to you. Your majefty may perceive, by all this dif- courfe, that die king of England, having given his orders before-hand, without any aflurance of what might be your refbjution as to tne guarrantee, Ihews, that he Would willingly avoid any trouble on ^is article^ and would not, though he might, take any advantage of his being armed, and your majefty not as yet in fuch readinefsj and though the rout which your fleet muft take to fail from Rothdle to the Mediterranean, is quite different irom that of the Englilh, and cannot meet one -• ^4i& another. 0f Cuikftt A1S.^riLAt)^u iyt Ihother^ but foM^firhett b^ydAd cli{>« Finidime^ where theit can bfc ho fvtrthtt dlfp^xtt i and t^t t!us occafion is o>«r, you mny tiitVe time etiou^ io put yourfelf in & condition t6 maintain yt>ur right, and to oblige the king of Enj^and to <::om^ ply with fuch things at he nOW refufes, whith he durft not have granted in the preient weak con-* dition tf his authority over his people ; and even the parliament, though very well ane^Vtd to him> would never agree to. Indeed, they appear to be greatly moved on the report of this conteft* and this has been the occafion of deputing fome of thdr members to wait on the king, to be informed of this, and to make offers, which the king of England ha^ not accepted <^, a6 ftiii purpofing, that this affair fhould end in fome friendly ways and I mud dlfb fay, that in all his converfation with me> he has always tuptttkd a great refpeft and edeem for ycHir majeity, and ha^ all along feemed to regard, more the ftiiihefs and obftinacf of his people and paf liament ^an ahy advaniAge to himfelfC \ At to the bufinefs of Portugal, it a^eared to me, by the manner in which the king of England and the chancellor received the advices wkidi I communicated to them, and i^ their difcoUHeft OA that fubjedt, that thfey were very much refigned as to all the bad fuccefs of the affairs of that king^ dom, and behoved to be very much pre^M be- fore they would be prevailed with to fend a fpeedy iiiccour; nay^ I can peiteive^ tiiat they comfort themfelves in that low, in expeftatioh of the fhare they 'may reap in plundering the fetde- ments that nation poflel^s in the Indies; and this, I think, fhould determine your majefty fooner to do what may be neceflaryjfbr ks fuppoit, and to explain yourfelf With refpeft to what I fhould ffij a^ to the money defined for that affair, in *-• which "v jyi Letters and Negotiations vrhich you engage more for your own ps^ticular in- Cereft than that of the king of England. ' The fleet fet fail the ^501 at noon, and was met half way down the channel on the 27th at three o'clock in the afternoon i as the wind has been ftill favourable to the 2pth, it is believed hefe that they are got out to tea, and that as any wind yn[\ ferve, after they have got clear of the land, ikty may proceed on their voyage. '-^'rJ VJ .• «**' *''tt '.'"1 . '■ ./:j ., f I am, &c«. ■ i:-«'J3-.."-..J&J^ki,K.:a.i!" , The king to count d'Eflrades. -'1. A.M^^^L Paris, Feb. .5, 1662. , fTH HE courier which I difpatched to you from ,« J hence the 26th of lad month, returned here y^rday about the time I had dined, and deli- vered me your letter of the ift current ; as it took fome time to decypher it, and likewife to put what I now write into cypher, you may ealily judge, that as the poft for England goes o(F this morning, I cannot anfwer the whole of yours but in a very fuccinft manner, if I make ule of this opportunity, which I think too important to be de- layed to Wednefday's poft. ^ :i ' i I ihall therefore tell you, in a few words, '^ that I am very well pleaied with the obliging manner in which the king of England, my brother, fpoke to you on the dilrerence which might arife between .us at fea, if both of us ihould be opinionative to maintain and conteft our feveral claims by force on this occaiion, and alfo as to the guarrantee of the iifhing, in which, you tell me, he is willing to ^make me arbiters and that if, in the treaty of ^Holland any thing Ihould be ftipulated not fo ad- £ ... ^ vantageous yantageov ^ot for di tween us; the affair < for that of Now, tl before he I difpatched lord Sand^ my fleet; s they fhoul colours, I i in conform 3uaint botl lis comes 1 As to tl has been a fuppofltion ally parted, falling out immediatel only to fenc and that th( fliall delivei I need n< have ajuft tnifting to ^ mend, that prefs the fer king of En me to be o cour Ihoulc the opening Be not ur continue yoi which may^ * The Lou of Count d*£8TRADE8. I73 vantageous for him, he might complain, but would 4Wt for that break off the good mtelligence be- tween us i.imd, in fine, he never intended to make the aflfair of the guarrantee ferve as an equivalent for that of the flag. *' Now, that I find the king, my brother, even before he knew what refolution I had taken, has difpatched a frigate, with orders to his admirals, lord Sandwich, and Jennings, to avoid meeting my fleet; and in cafe this could not be done, that they ihould falute equally, both as to guns and colours, I fhall fend orders to my admiral, to z£t in conformity, of which it will be proper to ac- quaint both the king and the chancellor, as foon mis comes to your hands. As to the 000,000 livres *, which you know has been at Havre-de-grace for fome time, on fuppofition that the frigate you mention be a6hi- aUy parted, and fo there be no hazard of our falling out as to the flag at this time, you may immediately tell my brother, the king, that he has only to fend the veflel that is to receive it on board, and that the money fliall be paid to the perfon who fliall deliver the counterfign agreed on. , \v%j:, I need not write what you are further to fay, to have ajufl: value put upon this mark of favour, tnifting to your zeal and addrefs : I only recom- mend, that you fhould take occafion from it, to prefs the fending the 3000 foot and 1000 horfe the king of England ipoke of to you, as it appears to me to be of the utmofl; confequence that this fuc- cour ihould arrive at the deftined place, befo^ the opening of the campaign. vF; ;is^ Be not uneafy as to your having leave ; I will continue you no longer in Engla^id than for a time which may^be needml to diflipate the reports which ' Vri i^ "v,*; * 'The Louis d'or was then only worth ele%'cn livrei. v;,. if^ Lettei^ anJ NcgotiVtiontf hfi^t been publiihed» as much to my difadvdntagt. a3 yours. Acquaint me as foon a« you can '\i tne. frigate be afbually gone* which was to carry the or&rs to the fleet you was tpld ofy and till you know that it be adtually failed, do not ex- plain yourfelf as to the money* "fjf d .. ; N 5iw >. hi ^ ..:^,..^'.,iSti, tv*'- •^ '* ^ vV 178 Letters and Negotiation^ the earl of Northuiflberland, which divided thtf houfc into two parties. The occafion of it was» a petition from the county of York, of which the duke of Buckingham is lord lieutenant, to have a court of juftice eftabliihed in that county, which might fave them the trouble of coming up to Weftminfter to have their caufes judged. The earl of Northumberland oppofed this, and af- firmed, that it would be hurtful to the preroga- tive, and that it was only fome few particular juf- tices of the peace, who, for their own intereft, pulhed this affair. The duke of Buckingham, fpeaking next, faid, he had lately vifited that couiity, and found, that this was what all ranks and degrees of people in it were defirous of, ex-, cepting fome few, who had been formerly con- cerned in the rebellion. The earl of Northum- berland, who had been of that party, believing that this wis levelled at him, complained of it, and entered upon the juftification of his conduft. The duke faid, that what he had mentioned was without any defign of refle(Sing on the earl, and although the houfe ordered them to be friends, yet, happening to be near one another in the houfe a tew minutes after, fome angry expreff.ons were exchanged, which being over-heard by lord Mancheflcr, the houfe ordered them both to with- draw, and deliberated, whether they fhould not be committed to the Tower ; and in this every peer took a part, one for the duke, and the other tor the earl, and, the latter being a leader among the prcfbyterians, he liad all of that fed for him, as well as all the royalifts were for the duke -, fo that from a particular quarrel this was Hke to become a general one, and would have occafioned a great diforder, had not the king interpofed in the even^ ing, and made them embrace one another- lam ■■f> led the it was» nch the ) have a , which 5 up to I. The and af- preroga- ular juf- intereft, ingham, ted that all ranks s of, ex^ erly con- Jorthum- believing led of it, conduft. oned was earl, and friends, ;r in the :preff.otts by lord |h to with- lould not Ihis every the other [er among *or him, as le-, fbthat become a kd a great 1 the even^ lam bf C6mt aEsTRADES. if^ I aih told, for certain, that the king of £ng> land had refufed.to fee Batteviile at his leaving this place, notwithftanding all his preiTmg in- ftances. He gave out here, that he is to be fent ambailador into Germany, and there was to ftir up ibme inighty affairs againft France. -Ml&> Mi* The king to count d'Eftrades; ' - Ss htv ,;'.i.i- Paris, Feb. 12, iS6^, IHave received yburs bf the 6th, with the copy of the note you gave one Fox, to be deli*^ vered to the pcrfon charged with the money tqi [Havre. My letter of the 5th, which you muft hav^ received before this, would citify you, that your writing that billet was agt^able to my in- tention, as I had already fent orders to Havre, to j deliver the liioney, without any delay, to the perfon I who had the counterfign. I forgot only to inform youi that the riian who has the difpofing of the money is named Le Negrcs, and that he is lodged i near the ha^bourj with a guard of my mufque- i teers. However, it is of confequence, that FoJt Ihould fo manage, that this may remain ^ fecret* Set about ufmg your utmoft endeavours with I the chancellor, and, if necefiary, with the king, to prevent fir Henry Bennet's being fent ambafla- Uor to me, after the earl of St. Albans is re- called. I know I have no right to demand of the king, my brother, that he mould prefer one to another in this employ, and that the perfon Ihould be of his chuiing, and not of mine-, but as I would not fend an ambaflador to him, whom he phould fufpeft, I think he would not ufe me in mother manner i and rather, as he is not ignorant N a of "1 ■¥: i8o Letters and Negotiatioriar of the reafons which I have for not having lany confidence in the faid fir Henry Bennet} for, befides his long relidence in Spain, and the extra- ordinary prefents made him at his. departure from thence, the king, my brother, may remember the informations I gave him of what pafled, withow his knowledge, and contrary to his orders, be- tween the faid knight and Batteville, which JiQ 1)^ «wned to you, he found to be true. -.> -> .,,„ | When I fettled a penfion on fir Kenelm Digby, it was with a defign to gratify him, and for his ad- vantage, and not to hurt him ; but, as his ene- mies make a handle of this penfion to injure himj in affairs of greater importance, I approve of his giving it up, and believe what you fay, that he | will continue to have the fame zeal for my intereft, , as I fhall retain the fame efleem and affedion fori him. The gentleman who carried to the archbilhop I of Ambrun the order, is come back, and in- forms that the king, my father-in-law,- has had a I tertian ague with cold fits ; he fell ill the 27th of I laft month, but was much better the 3.0th, and it [ was hoped that his indifpofition would not have any bad confequences : it would feem that they had come to a refolution, not to fend Gammarl into England, to avoid his being there when the] princefs of Portugal arrives. - Communicate, in my name, to the kijlg mf\ brother, the treaty I have juft concluded with the| duke of Lorrain, as I am perfuaded he has fo fin- cere an affedlion for me, that he will be glad of any I advantage which happens to me. The principal articles of the treaty are, that he cedes andmakes| over to me the property and fovereignty of h duchies of Lorrain, and Bar to be enjoyed by me| after his death, and to be then united and incor- porated into my kingdom 5 and 1 leave the quietjl .^ " '^ ",^ ■ pofleflionj ,«y ^ 0}««/ d'Es TRADES. l8i poffefllon to him during his life. That Marial Ihill be immediately put into my hands •, that I agree to his family's fucceeding to the crown of France after the extindion of the houfe of Bour- bon i that he may not, during his pofleflion, lay ' on any new taxes or extraordinary levies •, that I fiiall pay all the debts contradted by the late dukes* I Henry and Francis, and that I Ihall grant him a lent of 100,000 crowns, to difpofe of to whom Ijicmay pleafe. ' I am, &c. :^ -'^^ To the king. Sire, ^ London, Feb. 13, 1662. UPON my receiving a letter from the duke de Vendome of the 26th paft, in anfwer to lone I had wrote to him, to advife him of the arri- m of the fhip Fame en this coaft, I advanced the fieur Fourand, who commands it, 583 crowns ItO put him in a condition to proceed to Seudre, and have drawn a bill of exchange for this fum m the treafurer of the navy •, fo that if the wind Iproves favourable, Ihe may arrive before the end of this month. I fend your majefty a lift of the Englifli fleets [bound for Lifbon and Tangier, fuch as I had from pptain Foran, who lay at anchor in the fame . foad, and to whom I gave it in charge to inform lumfelf exaftly ; and your majefty fliould have jceivediit fooner if his letters had not been inter-* fepted. , My lord d*-Aubigny * came to vi.Ot'me this ttorning, and told mc, that laft night, the king * Fourth fon of the duke of Richmond, almoner to tie \iwti mother, N 3 f 0' i- •;t f 8ij Letters and Negoditiohs of England and the chancellor, difcourfing witl^ him on the affairs of France, had acquainted him, that by the laft letters t)iey had received from liolland they had advice, that your majefly had concluded a treaty with the Djjtch, by which there was a ftipulation of reciprocal fuc^our and affift- ance, in maintaining all the rights and privileges cither by fea or land, which might be contcftcd with either one or the other j and that, by this ge- neral exprefllon, they pretended, that the gua- rantee of the ^{hery was included, and fpoke of it as a condition agreed on by the treaty ; that this fhewed the litjdc regard yovir utajefty had to their intereft, I made anfwer, that I had no knowledge of the articles of that treaty, and that I did not be- lieve it was concluded; but, if it was, it would be of no fervice to the Dutch, if the king of Ehg* land Ihould have reafon to complain ; and the ra^ ther,"that, by d*A\ibigny's own difcourft, it fceraed that the de Wit faction was pot plcai?:d with the faid treaty, bscaufe the guarantee of tfhe filhing was neither pndcrftood nor fpecifieji in it, whicS -vras what they defired moftiy j and thaft, if your majefly had intended to have done any thing dif- obliging to the king of England, you would have done it without any difguife, fuch an under-hani way of proceeding being no way agreeable to your temper', but if it was true, that you had |done as he faid, it appeared from thence, that you]; fnajefly, &c. ♦ / ' [ ' ... / ■••^fi to ..'..■ -: ■ -hin v>--' , .- - nl ' ■ T& ,'fL tf Count d'EsTRADES, 183 'liw ^r >j;v ^^_ r^:" m, •^'^^f..,-.. rhW-V .Hj/J^ bf^o the king. .'n.-» Sire,' UC London, Feb. i6> t66i. I Received the 14th of this month the difpatch your majefty did nie the honour to fend on the 5th, and I expeft by the ordinary poft, which ought to arrive to-day, fomewhat more full and particulaf On the feveral points of my exprefs of the ift, as your majefty gives me hopes •, mean while, I have waited on the king of England, and have ac- quainted him with the obliging manner in which your majefty received the afturanccs he had given me of keeping up a good correfpondence, and of your majefty*s inclination to do the fame on your part. He anfwered in fueh civil terms as were very fatisfaftory to me, and from thence he took dccafion to enter upon the fubjeft of the guarahtee, aod told me almoft the fame I had heard from lord d'Aubigny, of which I rendered your majefty an account in my former-, he added,^ Ihat he ftill hopes you would put a greater value upon his friendship than to enter into any treaty with the Dutch to his prejudice-, that though he was acquainted from all quarters, but chiefly from Holland, that there was a treaty with them i^uaUyftgned, he could not, however, perfuade himfelf that the terms, though general, fhduld yet be plain enough to infer a guarantee, ftill be- lieving, that the friendlhip of the Dutch could ftever be preferred to his, or of fuch ufe to your majefty j that he had a fleet of 1 50 men of war at your difpofal, arid that you could never ap- prehend a piece of infidelity in him, fuch as you had met with from the Dutch at the treaty of Munfter. As in none of your majefty's letters, or in thpfe I received laft, you communicate the con-» N 4* . • ' • tenti -:>j'is .W ^§4 Letters tind: Negotiatio»s tents of that treaty, I could anfwer only in general terms, and by afiuranccs of your majefty*s good difpofitioA to do nothing he mould have reafon tp complain of. *r afterwards faw the chancellor, who told me in a more cxprefs manner, that the rtews he had of . tht conclufion of the treaty came from Holland-, that it was conceived in general terms, which were equivalent to a guarantee *, that fome of the ftates were fatisiied with it, as thinking it fufficiendy undcrftood, but that de Wit and his party were not, who wifned that the word guarrantee had been actually inferted to provoke the king of England more, and to be revenged on him for the injuri- . ous terms he ufed againfb de Wit in the affkir of the prince of Orange his nephew, but that upon the aiTurances I had always given him of your majefty's good intentions, he fufpended the judg- ment he was to form upon the matter till fuch time as by me your majefty would be pleafed to in- form the king his matter of your laft refolutions. \ He afterwards fpoke to me of the money at Havre, and told me, that all the fuccours for Portugal depended upon it, and all the good ef- .fe61:s£Xpefted from that depended on difpatch, fo hoped your majefty would give the neceflary or- ^ders for that end. >i: He tpJd me alfo, that the frigate which had put back to Portfmoyth had orders on board to avoid . all difputes with your majefty's fleet. After this, . you may conlider if it will be proper to fend cr^ ders to Havre to pay the money lying there to the perfon fcnt by the king of England, as it is of . iuch confequence, andhow neceflary it is to haften the defigned fuccours. I fhould think your majefty will make no difficulty in this, but I would not- take Vppn me to engage you in any thing, and fubmit toyour majefty to take fuch a refolutipn in thi« a^ j^OM think mof: proper. I am, &c. ^.^:-^, in general ifty's good : reafon tq LO told me s he had of i Holland-, vhich were f the ftatcs fufficiently party were ^ee had been jf England the injuri- iie affkir of It that upon im of your :d the judg- :er till fuch )leafed to in- •efolutions. \| le money at fuccours for 'he goodef- [difpatch, fo Lcceffary or- ^ich had put ird to avoid After this, Itp fend or' I there to the as it is of is to haften ^our majefty ild not' take and fubmit )n in this a^ The .;C- J r tf Count d'EsTRADEs^ 285 :^;; The king tq count d'Eftrades. r't M-. Feb. 26, 1662. THE. chevalier de Clerville informs mc, that you had told him before your departure, that M. Muty, not fuccceding here in his propofal of taking pofleflion of the iflands of Alboufemes, had pafledover into England in order to make the fame propofal; and being informed from another quarter that one captain Supar, who commands one of the Englilh men of war in the Mediterranean, had been to found the anchoring-ground about thofe ifles, and to examine the foil, I have reafon to apprehend that the Englifli may have a de- fign to feize upon them in order to have an har- bour for aflifting Tangier, and to be matters of the two channels in the ftreights of Gibraltar, and it may be in time, to fettle a toll on all (hipping / in the fame manner the king of Denmark does in the Sound, which would be of very great preju- dice to the fubjefts of all princes trading into or from thofe feas. I defire therefore that you will write to me fully your opinion of this affair, and fend me word or ajl you know of it, and what- ever you can by addrefs be informed of by the faid Muty, without letting him know you have any de- fign 1 for as this fettlement under confideration appears to be fo commodious for the Englifli that they might have takeq poffeffion of tliem without being propofed to them, it may happen that I may think of preventinf^ them, and even to feize upon the Cheflin iflands, which might be of equal ^vantage to them as thofe of Alboufemes. -^*^* . If you can be informed of the particulars of tiie advantages upon which Muty iR^xiinds his proje(5bs, ftnd efpecially as as to the foilj wood, and water, ■'■^■^ ■wr- The king to count d'EAradea. u i^!'rn,. Paris, March i, 1662. I Cannot as yet by this poft anfwer what was faid to ypu by the king my brother and the chan- cellor on the fubjed of the guarantee, the mat- tcr requiring a long narrative, which my dthcr a0airs will not permit. I only take up the pen to fend ypu a recital which I have caufed to be drawn up in writing of aU the duke of Lorrain's behaviour to t^e in making the treaty concluded between us, which at lail has put me under a neceflity, in order to defend myfelf, and to guard againil his bad be- haviour, designs, and being over-reached, to come to the refoltttion you vrilllind at the clofe of the faid writing. i de&re you, as ibon as it comes to hand, to communiicate the lame to the king my brother, ^nd I am perfuaded he will approve as much the fincenty of my proceedings as he will blame that of the duke as ftrange and difingenuous \ it may indeed be faid, that if he had adled ptherwiie he muft have been do mort that duke of Lorrain, who never 4i£i;ed fai^rly, but had always fome cun- ning fetches, which however havetunjed out to his dHadvantage ; and on this occafion, where his view is that I. noyfeif fbould be the inftrumcnt to hi!eak off a n^atch whieb I liked and he diiliked, he Ihiall not ha.ve caui'e to f»y, that he made a fo4 • nic ao ) T9 2 dS Letters and Negotifttions ao uiai;jT.vt>lt^ Tq flic icing. Feb. 20, t66i, J Waited of the king of England on the receipt of your majefty's Tetter of the 12 th, and took occaiion to confirm to him the aiTurances I had given him of your friendfhip *, a proof of which was the affair of the money. I informed him, that upon his defire of this being difpatched with all dilisence, and the money to be delivered to the pcrwn fent by him, you nad forthwith fent orders to the clerk who had it in charge, and that I had wrote a letter in conformity to be delivered by this perfon whom he fends, who happens as yet not to be departed. i - He affured me, that he had recommended the keeping this as a fecret fo ftri^lly, that it would not be his fault if any difcovery was made of what pafTed. I enlarged upon the gtjat need which Portugal had of a IJDeedy fuccour, in order to prevent the defigns of the Spaniards at the be- ginning of the campaign, and prefTed this farther by all the arguments with which your majefty*s letters furnilhed me, not to om.it any thing to preferve that kingdom; that all Europe con- iidered this as the firft proteftion he had engaged in, and from whence, people would draw confe- quences, and form an opinion of the value to be ftamped on an alliance with him. - - « ; The king of England anfwered me, that he made that proteftion a point of honour, and far- ther, that it was for his intereft, and as he would not Jbe wanting either as to the one or the other, he hoped to give the world fatisfaftion on that point; that he was fitting out and victualling ten men of war for that expedition, and to retain fifteen tranf- ports to carry over 3000 men, which were to be drawn out or the calhiered troops in Scotland, and that f*' of Count d'EsTRADBs. 289 that he hoped from thence the affairs of that king- dom would take a more favourable turn, conhr dering that all the fuccours the Spaniards pre- tended to bring out of the troops in Flanders tmh barked at Oilend were loft} that he had accounts that the dorm had obliged two of the largeft fhips of that fleet to put into fome harbour in Ireland, who affirmed that they faw two others fink, one of which carried the marquis de Caracena's equir page, and that all the reft of the fleet was dif«> perfed \ that there were about 1000 men on board the two fhips, which the commanders had begged- leave to put on fhore to refrefh, after fuflfering fp much at fea ; and that the king of jEngland had fent orders to grant them leave, and at the fame time fecret inftrudlions to the governors there to encourage them under-hand to mal^e their efcape and defert, and to facilitate this, to furnifh them with pafTes, and farther, as their provifions were fpent before they could be viftualled anew, and had money remitted from Spain for that purpofe, a great deal of time would be fpent. I have feen the letters which give this account, and Mr. Ru- therford, who is jately come from Dunkirk is po- fitive that there were but 3000 men to have been embarked, and that more than 2000 of thofe had delerted. ' < -- I acquainted the king with the account you had of the king of Spain's ficknefs, and of the hopeis you had fince the return of the courier that no- thing dangerous was to be apprehended in it. I found he had alfo had advice of it, but that by his account he was in great danger, and thereupon took occafion to tell me, that the time might very ibon happen when he might prove no weak or ufelefs friend to your majefty ; that he had no- thing more at heart than to give you convincing proofs of it, and for that end, wilhed to enter into X90 Letters ani l^eg(>tiAli6ns into a ftri^t alliance with you ; that he knew tli^ Dutch ufed their utRioft enorts to prevent thii, by ^wing the feeds of jealoufy on both hands \ thai( they were indulbrioua in publiihing more than ever, that a treaty of guarantee of the fiihing was fully feiblved on, and that even a copy had been fent to lum of a letter wrote to the ftates by their anibaf- iadors at the court of France i that monfieur de Arienae was fent to them on the part of your majefty, to acquaint them that you could not coiident to the ^ord gusrrantee being inferted in the treaty, as being contrary to your intereft, but that words equivalent to that fhould be inferted, im- porting the fame thing, and thereupon paffages had been publifhed in their gazettes, containing reflexions to his prejudice. Afterwards he told mt the whole of the lofs it would be to him if your majefly fhould be prevailed with to aaree to this article in favour of the Dutch, which he could never believe, as he thought your majefty would reap more advantage from nis triendfhip than from theirs; that he defired you would reflect and iearch narrowly into the artiEces they ufed to make you fall out ; that dc Wit was tlje contriver of all this, who was fpirited up by an inveterate hatred to him and the prince of Orange ; and, that at pre^ fent, he was treating with the princefs dowager, to bring her over to his party, and afterwards to lay ft trap for her, which might ruin the young prince* and put off his being reftored to a diftant timc^ and by that means to fix liimfelf in the authority he haa ufurpcd over the ftates ; that England was fo fituated, that they could not be without the ufe of its harbours •, tliat in the late ftorm 300 of their Ihips had been obliged to take fhelter in them j that your majefty being fure of the Swedes, as he was of the Danes and the eledor of Brandenburg, they would certainly comply wich what you two c - Ihould :&: ■:i^: I ever, s fully fent to imbaf- eur de f your Id not I in the ut that d, im- )aiTages taining :old m^ if your to this e could f would an from eft md :o make erofail atrcd to : at pre- 'ager, to s to lay prince^ nt time* utbority and was the ufe of their them i , as he enburg, rou two {hould ;s 5^ Cw»<' d'Es TRADES. jgt (hould afk of them i that notwithftanding all the advantages they give out to have been offered them by Spain, they durd not enter into any en« gagements with it when they fhoiild fee two neigh- bouring powers united, who had it in their power toniin their trade. ' Your majefty can be eafily informed if the dif- courfe imputed to monficur de Briennc be true, as ; alfo, whether there be any artifice in the Dutch proceedings, and if there be, of which I entertain *' feme fufpicion, it certainly muft be attributed to monfieur deWit, who has the diredlion of the ' ambaffadors, and governs them fo as to make them fpeak what he pleafes. All I could do by negotiating under-hand with the chancellor, has been only to get Bennet laid afide from being fent ambuffador into France, and to bring him to make choice of one who (hould not be fufpe^ed by your majefly ; the king told mc at this audience, that he had fixed his eye on lord HoUis, for that employ, who is looked upon at this court to be of no party but the chancel* lor*s, and no way in the intereil of Spain ; he told me, he repofed the utmoft confidence in him, and deured your majefly might take him wholly into yours, and that he propofed to diipatch him in a month. I told him, I was commanded by your majefly to aive him an account of the treaty you had mad.e with the duke of Lorrain, as believing it would give him pleafure. He told me had already been informed of it, and farther, that after the duke's ufual way of a6lii)g, he had repented of it next dayrj ana as he took part in what concerned your majeHy, he was glad that this proceeding [of his had furnifhed you with a juft reafon to detain his dominions and to refufe him the equivalent pro- tnifed by the treaty. I went ,f««-'i„I,:/.&.vl.-8 ■^i:f- v. t^z ^Letters and NegotiatiDns. • I went afterwards to fee the chancellor, and as this vifit pafled on the fame fubjefts, excepting the affair of Portugal, of which no mention was made, becaufe lord d*Aubigny ferved as interpre- ter » our converfation run upon fuch things as had. pafled in that with the king, which I mall not repeat. f ^ I am, &c. ^ To the king. .:\ Sire, . i^' \- • Feb- 21,1662. SINCE the letter I had the honour of writing to your majefty yefterday, I had this morn- ing a conference with the king of England. I made a pretext of defiring this on account of the advices I had received from your majefty of the great preparations the Spaniards were making to invade Portugal in the month of April next, flat- tering themfelves, by their arms and by means of their fecret correfpondence to make a conqueft of that kingdom before any fuccours could arrive j that your majefty had a thought, which you com- manded me to communicate to him, to join the 2000 veteran foot which arefent to Tangier to the other 3000 foot and the 1000 horfe that are now to be fent, fo that both being joined to thePortugueze army, might make head againft and break the firft efforts of the Spaniards; and for that end, and the greater expedition, it was neceflary to difpatch orders before-hand to the governor of Tangier, fo that both might arrive in Portugal much about the fame time. He feemed pleafed with the advice you gave him, and faid he would next day fend orders for a detachment of 1 500 men to be fent from Tangier to join the other body of *^ fuccours \ as your maje , He told m iecretof the withftanding Ihould not; earl of St. A did not name that fome ve peenyourm Ithat part of phich ivas fe \i*fef. ■jjk ii-f3ft'. -#^ , and as cccpting cion was nterpre- rs as had. hall not 9 ■ 'A ■ ' :/ of Count d*EsTiELAi>t^i f % 193 jfticcdurs ; that very fortunately a frigate which had put back to have a new maft was now ready to iail, by which he would fend the orders and would caufe all difpatch to be made in the em- barkation, and .hoped th^ all Would be finifhed by the i5thof Mafchi ;i:r^ v ,' He told me»' that the parliament had granted him twenty millions, payable in eighteen months at three terms, and that the city of Londonj bowing the ftreight he was in for money, had advanced him a loan of two millions, to be repaid when he ihould be able. 11= 21) 1662^ )f writing [lis morn- igland. I unt of the :fty of the naking to next, flat- means of »nqueft of lid arrive-, you com- fco join the gier to the ,re now to 'ortugueze break the that end, [ceffary to ^vernor of Portugal :d pleafed he would 1 500 men IT body of fuccours i ' ' To the king. Sire, London, Feb. 27, 1662. YOUR majefly has no doubt been acquainted with the fieur le Negre's having paid the 600,000 livres he had in charge to Mr. Fox in gold, according to a ticket fent me -, it is fafely arrived here the 24th, and the king fent me the news the fame day, and told me that he had given frefh orders that every thing fhould be got ready for embarking the forces againft the 15th of March ; and I fhall not fail to prefs him to it, and I am of opinion, that confidering how much it is for his own intereft he will of his own accord do as your majefty could wifh. , He told mcj that he had reafon to believe the iecretof the money had taken air in, France, not- withftanding your precaution and his that it ihould not J his caufe of fufpicion is, that the earl of St. AlJjans had been informed, by one he did not name, that he had accounts from f ranee that fome very fecret affair was carrying on be- tween your majefty and the king his mafter, and that part of it was about a great fum of money Wnich Was fent to Havre, which it was believed :f':^" o -thar 194 Letters and Negotiations that you had lent to him j that the queen of Eng- land knew nothing of it, nor had it been commu- nicated to him, but fome fuch report was con- tained in the merchants letters in London, and that he could not difcover what might be in the matter ; and though he was obliged to give what notice he could to the queen, he would not how- ever defire to fail in any duty he owed to her, or to the king, and thereupon alked his advice*, that fuch a difcourfe had happened both before and fmce Fox's journey, and that he had always defired an anfwer to be given •, that the queen his mother was not to give herfelf any trouble about any fuch reports ; that if any thing was tranfafting between you and him, it would be communicated to her as foon as convenient. That he had been informed by Fox that the waggon had been accompanied by a guard of mufqi.eteers,who remained at Havre until the mo- ney was counted out to him, and that he eat and drank with them -, and that it was apparent to every one that it was money which they guarded, and that it was afterwards put on board one of his men of war -, that thefe circumftances being pub- lic, it was eafy to judge that it was a tranfa and con lofEng- commu- was con- Ion, and be in the give what not how- :o her, or Ivice •, that before and ays defired his mother at any fuch Lig between ated to her 3X that the a guard of ntil the mo- t he eat and apparent to ey guarded, d one of his being pub- tranfadtion r, but none he informed ..at I might' Ind waited to own (if hel ithatitwasa |ceflity of his recourfe to :ed him by' aed, or to| lu. in a few da; fitting up alfo aboui hi! bf Count d'Es TRADES. 19^ llis own private affairs j he told me, that a^ he had always entered with his coach into the Louvre, as a prince of the blood of Scotland, and as a defcen- dant oT the conftable Stuart, to whom this honour was granted, he expefted that this fliould be! continued to him at this time by your majefty^ and begged I would write to you about it. He names as witnefles of this, the queen, mother of your majefly, the princefs Palatine:, and monfieur dcTurenne, by whom it will be eafily known if his pretenfions are rightly founded. The queen of Bohemia died the 23d, aged 6^^ i Ihe has left the eleftor Palatine as her heir, only for form fake and that her will may be more va- lid, but has left her money and jewels to prince Rupert, which was all her eftate, and only a dia- mond to the prince Palatine. She begged the king of England, that her penfion might be continued for five years after her death, in order to pay off the debts fhe had contraded in Holland, which was granted. All this court are to go into mourning. Since my laft, there arrived here two deputies tb the kingfromNewEngland,aGcompajiiedbytwoFrench proteftants,one of whom was foimerly a minifter in the Sevennes, the other of Bourg de Marennes near Rcchelle*, they have prefented a petition to the king and parliament full of many and ftrong reafons, not to confcnt iliat Acadia, which is a country of about fourfcort leagues in extent, having feveral har- bours, navigable rivers fufficient for fhips of 1000 tons burthen, fiiould be reftored to your majefly. They pretend, that there are already feveral churches built for the ufe of the people of the church of England^ in four colonies, at a very great expence, which they have preferved at the hazard of their lives fince the concellion ofCrom- wel, and confirmed by the king fincc his reftora- tibn. , • ■ ■ ■ • : ^ ^ O 2 They -II .ii; '■f s > ■ — . 296 Letters and Negotiations i . They beg the king and parliament to confider what great advantage may be reaped by the pre- fervation of this country, undertaking in the name of the people of New England tofurnifh, deliver- ed in the port of London, a fufficient quantity of mafts for the king's fleet, and as much pitch as may be wanted ; offering farther, to build at their own expence two men of war of fixty guns, and to fend them in fix months to the king ; and that iiit was only money that was wanted to pay your ma- jefty's fubjefts for their damages, they would pay down 300,000 livres, ready money, and that they were fure that more than 6000 French pro- teftants would quit their own country to come and live among them, provided they were aflured of| bfeing proteded by him and the parliament. Being informed of the contents of this -petition, 1 went immediately to the king of England to complain of it, and demanded commilTioners toj finilh that affair, as your majefty had repeated your orders, and demanded juftice of him for the ufurpation of your fovereignty and the property of your fubjedts. I faid as much to the chancellor, and it was agreed that I Ihould have commif- fioncrs named next day, which was accordingly done, and we have already had two conferences. In order to combat the heads of their petition.! I demanded reftitution of all Acadia, of eightyl leagues extent, and that the forts of Pantagoet, fori' Royal, and that of la Heue (hould be given upJ and put into the fame condition .hey were in whei taken •, that the cannon, warlike ilores, arms, ani merchandize fiiould be made good, accordinj to the inventory given in at that time, or paii tor according to the value. That the Capuchin convent and church, as alfc all the churches and chapels formerly belonging t( the catholics within that diftrid: fhould be givei up Or rebuilt at their expence, and that noni 2 fliouii country o] feffion of faith; and Ihould be to the cor: there be ai may be pu all the tern been any j the ufage c contrary to and the ma been demol My defi^ all and evei them fenfit modating tl vay; but demands m ticularly on chandize, w fully to pro Your ma people have advantage 1 nefit it may gulationj al colony, by officers, by duced, who a country o well people brought un fubjeZbioii tc extended. As I have fons who ha l^ave ipforn: ] of Count d'EsTRADES. . 197 fliould be allowed to remain or inhabit in all the country of Acadia who did not make public pro- feilion of the catholic, apoflolic, and Roman faith; and that the curates of the feveral parilhes Ihould be obliged to give an account every week to the commander appointed by your majefty, if there be any neretics in their diftrifls, that they may be puniihed as your majefty may diredt. That all the temples or meeting-houfes, where there has been any preaching or prayers read according to the ufage of the church of England, or any other, contrary to the catholic, Ihall be pulled down., and the materials employed to rebuild fuch as have been demolifhed, ' . . My defign in this was to go quite contrary tp all and every article of their petition, and to make them fenfible, that there was no hopes of accom- modating this matter either by money or any other way i but if Acadia be reftored, fome of thefe demands may be foftened and mod, rated, as par- ticularly on the value put on the goods or mer- chandize, which the p' oprietors may not be able fully to prove. Your majefty may perceive by the offers thofe people have made to the king of England, the advantage he draws from thence, and what be- nefit it may be of to you in time under proper re- eulation; and if care be taken to ftrengthen this colony, by fending thither 1200 foot under good officers, by which means the Iroquois may be re- duced, who are enemies, ind by that means a a country of 200 leagues in extent may be gained, well peopled with favages, which being once brought under your authority may continue in fubjeftioii to it, and the catholic religio \ be much extended. As I have fpoke on this fubjeft to feveral pef- fons who have refided in thofe parts fome years, I have informed myfelf particularly that your ma- O J jefty 1 98 Letters and Negotiations jcfty may make a confi^erable kingdom of a country fcarce known, and which the Knglifh wilH for on account of their trade and navigation. To- inorrow I sti to have a third conference on thi? affair, of which I fhall give your majefty an ac- count by next poft. I am, &c. (.-i The king to count d'Eflrades, . » ■ March 4» 1662. IFind by yours of the 2 2d paft, that the king my brother is under fome concern what to lay in relation to the 200,000 crowns which were paid to his order at Havre, fmce it has been difcovcred by the earl of St. Albans, and is at the fame time defirous to keep it fecret according tppromife. As I find the chief of his concern is about the queen of England, I am willing to eafe him in that, and confent that he own, but ftill as a great iecret, that the money came from me, conjuring her however, that fiie alone Ihould know it, and not to tell it to any other perfon, and that I had done him the favour to lend him this fum upon his prefent occafions, and to prevent any prejudice which might happen to his affairs by the flow pay- ment of the fupplies granted him by parliament ; but to all other perfons -, excepting the queen, I beg the king my brother to continue not to pre- tend to know what they mean, and to leave them to guefs and ccnjeflure what they pleafe. ; /' I approve of all you have hitherto done in pro- curing Acadia to be reftored to me, and I promife myfelf from your zeal and addrefa that you will purfue the affair till I have that fatisfaclion which of Count dUBsSTKAU'E.S, 199 is fo jufl, the delay or refufal of which may have confequences not agreeable. It is the efFeA of your prudence, and I much approve that you have conceived the terms of your demands in di- red contradiftion to the heads of the petition of the Calvinifts, who would engage the king my brother to fupport fo manifeft an injuftice, and you have alfo done very prudently to let them know that this aflfair was not tq be accommodated by any fum of money. / You may tell the king of England, that what is known in relation to the money paid at Havre, proceeded from Fox himfelf who was at no pains to keep it fecret •, and this has occafioned all the foolifh reports which ha /e been current in Paris, and could not fail being wrote to London, that I was making a bargain for Dunkirk with the faid king for a fum of money, to exchange it after- wards with the Spaniards either for Cambray, Air, or St. Omer. You know better than any one if I have had the leaft thought of that, and yet it has reached even to me, from good hands, that feme people near to that king havewrote to him, that by the preparations I was making for my journey into Alface I had an eye more on Dunkirk than Germany; although this be contrary to common fenfe as well as my intentions, becaufe I have only my ordinary guards to attend me. I ihould be glad however, that you fhould found a little the faid king on that head, to learn if he will have the fmcerity to tell you any thing of the fufpicions they would excite in him by the letters I have mentioned, for if he be upon x.Li referve it will be a proof that he is capable of believing the chimerical informations he has received •, take care however, whether he tells you or not, not to ex- plain yourfelf, but be contented \Vith letting him know, if neceflary, how ridiculous thofe ura- O 4 bragcs If-. too Letters and Negotiations brages and fufpicions are, and how inconfiftcnfe fuch a malicious defign is with the tranfa'* 202 Letters and Negotiations The fame agreement may be made with the Dutch as to the flave3 they may take in the Le- vant as is done here, which they will not fcruple to do. I doubt not but the Enelifh will endeavour to make fome fettlement on the iflands your ma- jefty mentions, and form fome defigns on that and the neighbourhood of Tangier ; the Dutch am- bafladors affure me, their admiral de Ruyter has wrote that the Englifli had carefully viewed all of them, and I find they are alfo a little alarmed at this. I underftand thatM. Muty is gone from hence, and I cannot find by any at this court that he made fuch a propofal here as that he made in France. I Ihall ftill endeavour to be farther in- formed, but at prefent this is all the light I can give your majefty. Lord d*Aubigny was to have gone to France, but his journey is flopped by the news which came yefterday from Portugal. The admiral has dif- . patched a frigate which has been but ten days on Wrpaflagej he writes to the king, that the fleet arrived the loth of February before Lifbonj that he has taken pofleflion of Tangier, and that the queen intends to embark for England the i5Ch of March ; the king propofes to go from hence the 20th to receive her at Portfmouth, and has ad- journed the parliament for two months. I hope your majefty will be fo gracious as to allow me my conge, fince my ftay here will be no longer of life, as the king is abfent. There has been no council thefe ten days, and there v/ill be none be- fory Wednefday next ; they have delayed till then giving me any anfwer as to the reftitution of I Acadia. LordHollis fets out in a fortnight on his cmbaiTy toFpance; he is quite a good friend of the chancellor's, and the king has great confidence in him. lam, &c. • "^^^ -^^- "' '- ■; 5.--^' ;ner treatie mutual gua peen built u But it h fron;i what king my b in their filhi f nd that th( jpyment of ' ^Cjaw/ d'ESTRADES. 203 'n , . ., The king to count d'Eftradcs. March 12, 1662. I Wrote to you on the occafion of a coverfation you had with the king of England on the fub- jecb of the alliance the Dutch preS me fo much for by their ambafladors, that the faid king ought ra- ther to :hank than complain of me for the manner of proceeding to that time out of love to him in that negotiation, and that in time he fhould know the truth. This is what I pretend to difcharge in this letter, and will begin by explaining the fadl: ; for 1 find by your letters, that neither the king my brother, or chancellor Hyde are well informed of it. When this alliance begun to be negotiated above a year ago, the Ditch anibaflador prefented ar- ticles, by which the ftates offered to guarantee to me all my pofleflions, not only what anciently be- longed to my crown, but what I had acquired by treaty, and in general, of all my rights without exception. You may eafily judge, that at the fame time they offered this to me, they did not pmit to afk the fame with regard to- their Hate, ^nd that I fhould reciprocally guarrantee all their pofTefTions and rights, to which nothing could be objefted, becaufe their demand was juft and fair, and according to what had been ftipulated in for- ;ner treaties -, and this foundation of a general mutual guarrantee being laid, the whole treaty has been built upon it. But it happening, that the Dutch were affraid from what was given out in England, that the king my brother would give them diflurbance in their fifhing, which they fay is f public right, pd that they had never been diflurbed in the en- joyment of it J their ambaifadors dgfircd me, for the 204 Letters and Negotiations the greater precaution, and for their farther fafcty, that there (hould be added to the article of mutual guarrantee thefe three words, alfo tbefijh- ing. I have hitherto given for anfwer, that this claufe was unnecelTary, becaufe that of the hfhing was fufficiently comprehended in the guarantee of all their rights in general ; at this time we are upon this very claim, and the treaty is ftopp^d purely on account of the difficulty I make of having thefe words inferted. My reafon of contefting this with them is not, that I think myfelf lefs obliged to warrant their right of fifhing, whether that claufe be exprefled or not; for in faying all rights it excludes none, but I was willing to have that regard for the king of England hitherto to rejedl that word, thinking this exprefllon would be more Ihocking to him than the claufe in general terms, although to fpeak truly, I know very well that the claufe in general terms, which I agreed to long ago, will oblige me as much to aflift and fupport the Dutch in cafe they are difturbed.asthefpecificationtheydefire of the word fjhery in the treaty i fo that properly fpeaking, it is only a difpute about a word, and not any thing re- garding the fubflance; and this' being evident, as it is, I leave the king my brother to judge, if as the ftates are upon the point of recalling their ambaf- fadors rather than conclude the treaty without this cxpreflion be inferted i and I prefume on the other hand, that I find it for my advantage to engage anew into this old dalliance, and may apprehend bad confequences from not doing it -, I leave him to judge ir I fliould be well adviled to let the am- baffadors depart and break off a treaty fo far ad • vanced rather than allow a fingle word, the fub- ftance of which I have promifed, and which be- ing either left out or put in, neither adds nor di- minilhes from the force of the guarrantee. Yetl ^ Count d'E ST RADEB, 20^5 Yet I can affirm, that I have hitherto preferred a fcrupulous fatisfadlion of the king my brother to my own particular and real intereft -, for as to the word itfelf which I fo firmly conteft with the Dutch, by which they ha- e reafon to apprehend a rupture ot the treaty, if infilled on, it is certain, if they riehtly underftood it, I have the fame intereft with them in relation to the fifhing, which the Englifh cannot pretend to difturb but by virtue of their pretended fovereignty of the fea, which I am fo far from agreeing to, that I will maintain, when there fhall be occafion, with much more reafon than they, that this belongs to me ; and moreover, as England may difpute the liberty of fifhing with my fubjefts as well as thofe of the ftates, efpecially after what you know Downing lately gave out at the Hague, that the king his mafter was refolved not to allow the French to fifh, at the fame time giving out, that the fub- jefts of the united provinces fhould have free li- berty, if they did not enter into any alliance with me. You fee, whether the provinces demand any thing of me which I ought not to grant, even for my own fafety and the intereft of my fubjefts ; yet hitherto I have pafled over confiderations of that importance, endeavouring by all poffible means to avoid doing any thing that might be difagreeable to the king my brother. To fpeak plainly ; if after this condud he is not fatisfied with my reafons, and will needs think himfelf difobliged if I fhould be conftrained in the laft neceffity to have this word inferted in the treaty rather than break it off, it would be a fort of tyranny in our friendfhip, and I fhould have no reafon to believe his friendfhip for me fo fincere as as mine is for him, or that from his heart he de- fires my advantage as I from mine wifh his in- terefts. Certainly I - .-■ 206 Letters and Negotiations Certainly there is none can rejoice more thait I at whatever good, glory, or honour happens to the king my brother j I look with pleafure on the acquilition he has made of Tangier, which is a port of the laft confequence in the ftreights, as alio of fo many other places in both the Indies, which put into the hands of his fubjefts the trade of all the known world. However, if he perfiftg in the fame fentiments he feemed to you to be of, it would appear as if the king envied me a fmall advantage I may acquire in fome frierids, when at the lame time it is his intereft that I Ihould be well with them, in order to difpofe them on all occafions to incline to what he may defire. Befides, I am certainly aflured, that if I allow the Dutch ambaffadors to go without concluding the treaty, thofe who have at prefent the princi- pal credit in the direftion of their affairs have re- folved to throw themfelves into the hands of the Spaniards, and to liften and apply themfelves fe- rioufly to a drift confederacy which has been pro- pofed to them by dom Eftevan de Gamare before he left the Hague-, that it is believed that one Huygens is negotiating with him at Bruflels until his return to the Hague, where he is expefted to continue the conferences with the deputies ap- pointed to treat of this affair, and I know that lome talk to refume what remained unfinilhedof the pa- cification at Ghent. If it was only then to ward this blow, can I with any reaibn from prudence or good policy hinder myfelf, if it comes to the extremity, to conclude with the flates, to pre- vent their precipitating themfelves into engage- ments, which would be fo pernicious to the com- mon intereft both of France and England ; and I would afk the king my brother, if he would ra- ther defire to fee the ftates confederate with the Spaniards I»rtw W-- ■ lyr'^^'^^TT'^ of Count d*EsTRADEs. 207 Spaniards for the redudtion of Portugal, than to fee them enter into an alliance with me, and by my means in the fame intereft to fupport that kingdom ? As affairs are in this fituation and cri- fisthat the ftates muft of neceflity chufe either the one or the other fide I have mentioned, both the king my brother and we muft be blind to our own intereft if we lay them under the neceflity or allow them the liberty of chufing, when we can attach them to ourfelves and keep them out of the hinds of the Spaniards. However, it the king my brother is proof againft all thefe prefTing reafons, I ihall have rea- fon to think that he can have no other motive but downright ill-will to me, or as the Dutch am- bafladors fay, out of meer caprice, to hinder at any rate th^ conclufion of the treaty between me and their republic. I fend you a memorial which Downing prefented lately to the generality at the Hague, in which he promifes formally in writing, in the name of the king his mafter, that the fubje6ts of the united provinces ftiould not be difturbed in their lilhing. After this declaration,. I would willingly alk the king my brother, what intereft he has why I fhould not guarrantee to them a right, when he has thus publicldy declared, he has no intereft in difturbing it ; as I believe it would not be for his advantage to undertake it, and in all e- vents, I defire him to furnifh me with a good reafon, by which I can with the leaft Ihadow of juftice pretend to refufe the ftates to guarrantee a right which is common to both of us ; and which after this declaration, no body can difpute ; be- fides, one may add to this, that England itfclf has entered as a guarrantee to a treaty between Swe- den and the ftates, containing a guarrantee of the fifhing in exprefs terms. As there is not a na- tion 2o8 ■ Letters tfW Negotiatiohs- tionjn the world can pretend, but that both Francfi and Holland have a right to fifli, it is evident, that inferting this in a treaty, where the defence of this right is only meant, cannot be prejudicial to any Nation. It is alfo evident, that a general ofFenfive league both by fea and land, ought neceflarily to take in the right of fifhing, unlefs a door be left open to make it illufory when one had a mind, with re- gard to the fea, and to exclude a number of the fubjedls of nations from part of that protedtion which ought to be general, by depriving fuch as are concerned in the filhing from the benefit of the faid league, in which my fubjcfts, as being mod in number, would be the greateft fufferers. But grant I fhould give up this intereft thus common, for the fake of gratifying the humour of the king of England, and fhould let the am- baffadors of Holland go without concluding any thing, and afterwards their date fhould be at- tacked by England on account of the fifhery; could I, becaufe I have promifed nothing, ex- empt myfelf from taking fome part in a war carrying on in my fight, and for a caufe I am as much interefted in as the Dutch, to wit, ths liberty of the fea ? And ought I not in that cafe to apprehend that if the united provinces be brought to fubmit by force^ and be obliged to give up a right, the pofTefTion of which they have always enjoyed, that England will affume the fame power over my fubjefts ? I do not however believe, after fo many other confiderations I have fuggcfled, which are un- anfwerable, that you will have occafion to add this laft reafon, which may appear not fo oblig- ing, becaufe it may be interpreted an unnecelTary menace, which is not my intention, but ingenu- oufly my opinion how things may probably hap- France \ ivident. defence judicial ■■ *. ; league take in open to with re- • of the oteftion fuch as nefit of as being ifFerers. •eft thus humour the am- ding any i be at- fiftiery; ing, ex- n a war ufe I am wit, th? [that cafe inces be liged to Ihey have kinie the my other are un- to add Ifo oblig- Ineceffary ingenu- ^bly hafi- pen. of Count d'E § T R A D E s." 209 pen. Wherefore, I defire if you find it abfolutely neceflary to mention this laft reafon, you will do it with fuch difcretion, that the king my brother may not know I have wrote to you of it. Iw.'isdefirous of acquainting the king my brother of all chefe matters which I have mentioned, be- fore you fliould leave England, and of all the rcafons of my being obliged to proceed farther in my treaty With the Putch, it may be even to the cxprefling the word fifhery, if I cannot prevail with them to give it up, and that my faid brother may not be furprized with it, thinking it due to the fincere friendlhip between us, that I Ihould ingenuoufly open my heart to him before I a6tu- ally did the thinp:, though otherwife fupported byfo many good ■ ns, that I am perfuaded he cannot but in his . . mind approve of every one of them, when duly reprefented to him by you ; and that they will make that impreflion on him. I could wilh, fo that this incident may be no caufe of any breach of the union between us. ,^^ This is the laft affair I fhall charge you with in England, allowing you to return to take care of your own affajrs, according to yourrequeft; as foon as you have difcharged this laft commif- fion, and have obtained a categorical anfwer as to the reftitution bf Acadia. I would alfo have you take notice, that in draw* I ing up this difpatch, I have made ufe of feveral reafons, and it may be feveral expreflions that may not altogether be fo proper or ufeful to ob- I tain what you are to aim at ^ if mentioned pre- cifely, and in fo crude a manner to the king of England/, what obliged me to do this, was that you maybe fully informed, and the better to imprint on your mind the ftrength arid juftnefs of all my reafons in this affair; but T refer to your pru- |dence and difcretion to make Ufe t)f fuch argu- P mentSj '* 210 Letters and Negotiations m -ts, and employ fuch cxpreflions, as you think moft proper todifpofe the king my brother (which is to be your objeft) to reliih and approve the refolu 1 I am abouc taking, which is indifpen- hble, ilefs I would lofe the opportunity of con- cludii.^i ah affair of great confequence to me, which can hurt thofe only who do not love me, or are in interefts contrary to mine. '■ Since writing the above, I have juft received yours of the 6th current, which however occa- fions my adding nothing more, but that I am of your opinion, it will be better to buy flaves for -my gallies of the Englifli and Dutch, fuch as they take on the coafts of Barbary, than of the negroes •from Guinea, as they will roftmore and notbe fo ferviceable •, forget not therefore to procure the order which the king my brother has promifed you for that purpofe to his agent at Toulon, ns to tk number to be contracted, for, if they can be had at a reafonable price, I will take as many as they I can furnifh, if it be three -or four thoufand. ^^^^ I prav, &c. »j ':%•■''. /-^■^■ ■vt»' »'fr-->.-y. : r^'i'- !• •»'.i!f---iW»?:.i«Ai.'*v'< ,^ t^-i'ftsy .;2at ir':ii":'iv To the king: '^^ ^" '^'; ' -'> 'i^P:\i :. If London/ March 13, 1662J ON receiving your majefty's difoatch of the I ft, I gayc an account to the king of Engj land of your treaty with the duke of Lorrain, antf . read over to him the heads which were fent me o| it. He very much approved of all your condu^ in that affair, and your honour in performing all the conditions, if princes who have made a bad ufe of your lenity formerly, and failed in the rej fped: do to you, return to their duty ; but thinkj thai many, can f quarrel agair be more oblij jeft. He wc of the treaty, it was in brdc and the chanc On receivin which came tc as that of the i informed hiff eafmefs with re the tranfaSior fliQuld own th byway of Joai time as the ft anfwer; and thj lier until now, might be kept 1 write the queer it to her not to lier; and I coul find you had 1 being difobligec bim that Fox h cc/Tary, in keep that he had beer He told me t fox's, for he ha any body durin •leur le Negre w majefty's mufquc fd in the fame.. I that, perfifting as they do in the protcftations they have made, your majefly has juft reafon to re- tain their countries, and to make ufe of your right bv conqueft fo lawfully acquired. . He quef- tions whether all the complaints they make in Ger- many, can prevail with any one to efpoufe their quarrel againft your majefty, and nothing could be more obligine than all he fpoke on this fub- jeft. He would have me leave with him the copy of the treaty, and I made no difficulty as knowing it was in order to flieW it to the duke of York and the chancellor. - ,, ; On receiving ybur majef^y's difpatch of the4tK, which came to my hands almoft at the fame time as that of the ift, I pleafed him very much when 1 informed him, that, to deliver him from his un- eafinefs mth. regard to the queen his mother as to thie tranfadion at Havre, you agreed that he fliQuld own that he had received the 600000 1. by* way of loan to fupply his wants, till fuch time as the funds granted by parliament fhould anfwer; and that the reafon of concealing this from her until now, was that your majefty defired it might be kept a fecret, and agreed that he ihpuld write the queen to this purpofe, and recommend it to her not to fpeak 01 it to any perfon about her-, and I could perceive he had great pleafure to find you had put him in a way to prevent her being difobliged with this referve . I acquainted him that Fox had not been fo rcferved as was ne- ccflary, in keeping fecret thv'i affair at Havre, and that he had been too open in his difcourfe there. He told me th^t it could not be any fault ot Fox*s, for he had neither feen nor converfed with any body during his ftay there, excepting the fieur le Negre who payed the money, and your majefty's mufqueteer guards, with whom he iodg- cd in the fame.houfe, and did not ftir abroad, P 2 {9 rai2 Letters ^W Negotiatidng .fo much as to fee the town or to fee the king^s lieutenant i and that he had told him, on his re- turning on fhip-board, he was furprifed to hear from the failors who had brought him on ihore, that all the town and harbour was full of rumour, . that there '"^as a confiderable fum of money to be fent to n by your majcfty.; and that the ar- rival of hii. jhip had been expected for two months, upon which every one concluded, that a good un- derftanding between you and him had made your majefly form fundry defiens without difcovcring the true one : and that from thence had Iprung all the whimfical news which had been reported, both in Flanders and at his court, that there was no retraining this liberty of difcourfe, but that nobody could certainly know the true reafon of I this tranfadiion. Thct thefe reports, however, had come to his ears, and he told me in confidence, that It had been wrote to him, that your majefly, in- .flead of a progrefs into Alface, defigned a tour | to Calais ; and that they would have him fufped, j that you had formed fome defign upon Punkirk ;i but that, as thofe advices were ridiculous, he only I Jaughed at them..„,^^ .- , .,-^-i'p±:mct.^ ^iihmit't I told him, he Could not do youf majeftr more I juftice, than flill to remain perfuaded, as he then ,was, of the fincerity of your intentions; and that jiobody could be fo good a judge as himfelf, by your proceedings with him hitherto to believe that you would continue to be fo. That I was mighty glad to find that thefe falfe reports had made no | 'impreilion on him, and that thereby he might dif- cover the evil defigns of the informers ; and it ap- peared to me as if he was refolved, not to givui any credit to them. I delivered him your letter of condolance on the death of the queen of Bo- hemia,, and to the duke of York that addreffed to m ."^T- tf Count d'EsTRADJE?. 213" iflc for him ; and both were received with a]l the refpe6t due to offices of that nature. I I took occafion, from my audience of the duke of York, to be informed of the difpatch made in die equipment of the men of war and tranfports for the relief of Portugal ; he told me there were- ten fail ready to be fent to Scotland to take on board the infantry there, and that the tranfports would take the cavalry on board at Portfmouth, but, that no time might be loft, thofe that were firft ready ihould be fent away, to prevent the in- conveniency which happened to the laft fleet, who, by waiting till the whole fleet were made up, had remained in port, and confumed by that means' two months provifions ; the lords Morgan and' Inchequin are to command thofe fuccours, the fcrmer is he who commanded in Dunkirk after Lockhart's removal, until the time that Ruther- ford was appointed governor. I could have wifhed not to have wearied your' majefly with fo tedious a letter, but as the fub- jeft is to give you an account of a kingdom of as great extent as France, and much deflred by the Englifli, I thought it my duty and for your ma^- jefty*s fervice, to enlarge upon the particulars of the negotiations about this country. ' » '^^- * Perceiving that all the delay in the affair of the reftitution of Acadia, proceeded from a fecond elieve that (petition prcfented to the king of England by the /as mighty ■ inhabitants and deputies of New England, and i made noBiiipported by Parliament, I reprefented warmly on might dif-B the part of your majefty, the prejudice fuch delays andit ap-Boccafioned, and the peremptory orders I had to t to give ■ know his final refolution, that you might take ^our letter ■ your meafures accordingly. He told me he was en of Bo-ldcfirous to give you fatisfa^tion, but that it was dreffedtolbutjuft that he mould not give up his own in- ii f; melterefti that, if I defired, he would call the commif- won rs into his own chamber, who would con- P J vincQ kin^s his re- to hear I (here, rumouf, oney to t the ar- months, ^oodun- ade your fcovering d fprung reported, :herc was but that reafon of rever, had lence, that ajefty, in- ed a tour m fufped, Dunklik ; he only is eft^' more 1 he then! and that I mfelf> by ■r-'f. 514 Letters tf;; :*■■.'■ ..-"Vfl' '•"*?( . If after this conference, in which it feemed to me that I had fully cleared up your majefty's right, you had not fatisfadion maae you, I do not fee what is to be farther expedled ; out I am perfua- ded that the king of England and the chancellor will refledfc duly on this, having acquainted them as proceeding however from myfelf, that I appre- hended, if the juftice your majefly demanded ihould be refufed, you would have reafon to be- lieve that all the proteftations of friendfhip made by him hitherto were only words, to. which his adlions did not correfpond ; and that from the great defire I have of both your majefties being Briftly united, I earneftly wifhed that all grounds of complaint might be removed, .-j .. A =.i» ». s : The king told me, that the affairs of Ireland would employ his council for all the week ; that he could not go upon the affair I mentioned till the 'Week after i but acquainted me . beforehand i'fm. ^ ^ .- ....... ,.,.-... , v - • that -It.. uMiitt. of Count dLEsTHAD^ES, 219 that he would do all in his power to give your majefty contentment. .«fK .:». v * :ni iivdni-ohi-^i vi/ji « ' "^ • lam, &C. '• • The king to count d'Eftradcs. u ,\ ^.. Paris, March 18, 1662.* I Received your difpatch of the 13th current, and was glad that the king of England ap- proved and commended fo much my procedure in the negotiation of the treaty with the duke of Lorrain, and that he blamed the duke's conduft -, that matter is dill in the fame fituation, becaufe, that although I have clearly difcovered his defign to trick me, I would fliun as much as poflible do^ ing any thing that looks like violence or force, till fuch time at leaft as I have given him leifure to yield and fubmit to reafon. All that the king of England faid to you in vindication of Fox on his ncgledt of keeping the fecret, would have fome weight if he had not wrote to fome in this place that he was come to Havre to do what he did ; but at prefent there is no remedy but to leave people to conjefture whaL they pleafe, and I do not apprehend that hitherto any body knows the truth or this affair. I am glad to underftand that the king of Eng- land has himfelf owned that which I kne v/ wa« wrote to him in order to make him jealous of me on the fubjeft of Dunkirk, becaufe this open de- claration is a proof, that he regarded no more than he ought informations of that fort, which have not fo much as the appearance of truth. As to what you have wrote to de Lionne by the former poll I approve, and defire you will fend all ycur equipage diredly to Holland, fo to fave 3 the ;;ii|6J'S!'fr!«?;'7? Z20 Letters and Negotiations the expencc of tranlporting them from hence by a round-about way; mean while I have wrote three days ago to the Hague, to recall from thence the rieur de Thou. I would gladly h? ve waited till Morgan and Inche- ouin fhould have been gone with the troops defigned lor Portugal, before I fhould be obliged, to make known to the king of England the refolution I was ne^ ceflitated to take on the affair of the Dutch filhing-, but their ambaffadors urged me fo much to make a declaration becaufe of the diforders which might happen by their being recalled, that it was not pof- fible for me to delay longer, and to write you ofit in the terms you find in my laft difpatch, I would wUlingly hope the king my brother will yield to icafon, becaufe with a great deal of more equity than he can alledge in the aiTair of Acadja, I may ^lake the fame excule-, that I would willingly pleafe him as far as I can, but it is not reafonable that I fhould give up what is my intereft, and the rather, when he has no real intereft, but purely to hinder me from entering into an alliance with another ftate *, whereas in the other affair of Aca- dia, I may complain that he detains from me what is part of my property. I would willingly hope he will not continue long in this refufal, but rather, that fo man]^ ftrong reafons as you have affigned in the prefence of his commiffioners, will prevail with him not to allow you to depart without bringing along with you to me this fo juft fatisfadion, for which I fhall think myfelf obliged to you in particular, being feniible with what ability and ikill of all that has occurred in paft times you haye maintained piyright. Ipray, &c. ;. r >Xf f>^. T9 - T-:— J^*^ '"? of Count d!EsTRADES, 221 To the king. Sire, ' London, March 23, 1662. YOUR majefty muft have been infornied by the fieurBatailler, after what manner the king of England received the account I gave liim of the guarrantee of the fifhery i he is ftill very much affefted with it, as alfo the chancellor. I could have wilhed that the fuccours for Portugal had been fent away before this news, and I found very little difpatch made in that embarkation. As for Acadia, nothing is to be hoped, but when a treaty is made between France and England, they have fo little right to retain it, that they cannot with any ihadow of juftice refufe to reftore it i in ail events with 2000 men and ten Ihips it may be taken back in a Ihort time, although they have an alliance with the Indians, and have 6000 militia in New England •, but they are not people fo ac- cuftomed to war as to diflodge regular troops from any pofls they may have taken. I took laft night my audience of leave, and Ihall be gone from hence in three or four days. I fhall make ufe of (hipping for Holland for transporting my equipage, feeing your majefty gives me leave. The king of England has granted to him by parliament a fubfidy of twenty millions a year for him and his fucceflbrs on feveral funds; the moft confiderable is that of twenty-four fols on every chimney in England, which alone is com- puted at twelve millions per annum. He has alfo obtianed a regular militia of 10,000 men, to be ready to march in cafe of any war, domeftic or foreign, the colonels and other officers to be ap- pointed by the king by commiltipns from him, and the power of grdering their pay and appointments. This 222 Letters hmi Negotiations This a(5t is pafled by all the three eftates of par- liament, which adds much both to the king's power and credit. I am, &c. .sLasfcM. .-* -^*-»*»*^i. "^hj. :irii (t 's*yri«-. l--t-.i '- Sire,' ■^^■^•>«'* To the king. ''-'■ '"- 'rjS^ii « SINC£ the fieur Batailler went from hence, I have received vifits from lord d'Aubighy, Mr. Carteret, and lord Hollis, who is appointed ambaifador to France, and is entirely in the intereft of chancellor Hyde •, each of them fepararely en- tetained me with nothing clfc but the prefling in- llances made by the emperor and king of Spain to the king of England, to enter into a ftrift alliance with them, and of the conliderabie offers they made to him, even to make him fole arbiter as to Portugal. I had no difficulty to penetrate into their meaning in this, which made me anlwer, that I believed your majefty would be very well pleafed to fee the king of England in good friend- fhip with the king of Sp«in, and even £hould re- ceive that mark of confidence as to become the ar- biter of the affair of Portugal. As the fubjeft was only a kingdom, the king of Spain could do no- thing more generous than to rdfer all his preten- iions to the brother-in-law of his adverfary, and that this appeared to be fo extraordinary thatl could not but be allonilhed at the propofal, and at the fame time to admire the condutt of the king of Spain, who, not being fatisfied with the peace and alliance made with your majefty, does ftill defire with greater earneftnefs to enter with yoU into a league offenfive and defenfive without limitation, judging vei-y rightly, that nothing' can better fe- cure ■■^rp'-y of Count d'EsTRADES. 223 cure his pofleflions than fuch a friendfhip by a new league. They alked me if I had advice that fuch a treaty was fet on foot •, I told them I had not, but I was very well affured that it depended entirely on your majefty to have it concluded in a very fliort time.^^ >u ,f^aj f^;; . .. wiu ; ; They feemed to be very much furprifed, and I thought it proper to go next day to fee the king of England and the chancellor, to hear what they would fay on the fubjeft. They began again to meak to me of the guarrantee of the filhery, making ftill the fame complaints of which your ma- jefty. has been informed. I told them, that the time you had taken and the delay you had given to the conclufion of that bufmefs, which was of fo great importance to you in order to give him fatisfac- tion deferved his confent, without bein^ un- eafy at an affair in which he had no intereft, as it appeared by the declaration made to the ftates by his refident; and I hoped, that after reflefting on all the reafons your majefty had declared, that he would enter with the fame warmth as I had known him to have, ^o fupport a kingdom (viz. Portugal) which could not be fuftained but by him. He told me, that indeed his afllftance would be of great ufe if your majefty fhould enter into a league offenfive and defenfive with the king of Spain. I anfwered, that you would be obliged fo to do if the king of Spain fhould make choice of him as arbiter of the difference between him and Portugal, but that as this muft precede the the treaty he mentioned, he could not be fur- prifed at it i but that this was not the cafe with your majefty, becaufe he might accept the great offers whiph the emperor and his allies made to him from all quarters, without your knowing any thing oif the matter. The Z2^ Letters and Negotiatidhs The king of England knowing very well that t was not much alarmed at thefe rumours, faid to me. Let us talk no farther on this fubjed, but I would have you to be perfuaded that I make all poflible hafte in fending the fuccours to Portu- gal ; and aflured ne that he had fent to Portf- mouth the fhips lev tranfporting the cavalry, and had given the f-KTit orders as to embarking the infantry to be fent from Scotland. -Tx nil frs ^..j .; I commended him much for the care he took to fulfil his promifes and his word with fo much pundbuality, and finding him in good humour, I took that occafion to beg I might reprefent to him afrefh that he had no reafon to complain of your majefty on the guarrantee of the word fiftiery ; that the meafures your majefly took to make this agreeable, were fo obliging with refpeft to him, that you ought rather, to be thanked than com- plained of. He faid, that what piqued him moft to find deWit and his cabal preferred to was. him. I anfwered, that I could not bear to hear of fuch a comparifon, or that he lliould entertain a thought your majefty ever put them on the level. That your majefty wiftied nothing more ardent- ly, than to cultivate the ftridteft friendfhip witk him, but that each of you was to make fteps to- wards one another, and meet half way •, and that it was not enough you (hould make fome advances, but that he fhould make fome likewifc, and he had at prefertt an opportunity by this civility you have Ihewn him in the treaty with the Dutch. Though this conference was fmoother than fome others, yet I did not perceive fuch an approbation as I wiflied for ; but he told me at the fame time, that their own way of proceeding had not fuc- cecded with them. . r -; . I am, &c. , To :^:*Tp ,-;. [\ that t faid to t, but I lake all » Portu- 5 Portf- Iry, and dng the to ^!f*i4 he took fo much amour, I at to him n of your lery-.that lake this ; to him, han com- him moft pferred to irto hear c. .;f,:-^^ .^•iak. of Count d'£sTftAD£S* 22S To the king. .^.-.Ji^yi^i. ..',(:_ m - :■ >-t • - - » tottdbn, April 5, l66i. I Was fully informed on the fieur Batailler's re- turn, of the reafons your majefty had for con- cluding a guarrantee with the ftates-general of all rights whatfoev^r, with particular mention of that of the fifhery, and of the little occafion there is to be afraid from the propofals of which Eng- land boafts fo much, as being made to her by the emperor and Spain, which they would make ufe of to hinder an alliance fo advantageous to your ma- jefty's affairs, which are fo clearly explained by your difpatches, and by the mouth of the fieur Batailler. I remain abfolutely perfuaded, fo as no more to doubt, that the king of England and the chancellor cannot, with a good grace, give their confent to that treaty, nor take for a mark of con- tempt what truly ought to be reckoned a proof of the fmcerity of your friendfhip. In order to bring them into this way of think' ing, I have omitted nothing of what the fieur Ba- tailler has told me as from your majefly ; but the reafon which appeared to me to be, the ftrongeft^ and on which I infifled mofl, and being alfo that which mofl: touched them, and therefore I enlarged moft upon was, that by this guarrantee your ma* jeily engaged yourfelf in nothing which was di- rectly againfb the king of England, becaufe the Dutch have other branches of fifhing in other feas befides thofc of England; and moreover, what is faid of the right of fifhing, when they niay pre- tend to fet it up and to contelt it with the king o{ England, they mull: firft make out that right and juflify It before your majefly can bcr deemed to guarrantee it by virtue of this daufei that . V Q. by ^^i& ^' iT Z26 Lettors »ind Negotiations by this treaty you became arbiter, and acquired a power which obliges the Dutch to comply with fuch a decifion as you Ihould make, and then It would be; that your majefty would know how to make a juft dififcrenc^ between your allies, a nd give the king of England a proof of the confiderjidon and ftiend^ip you had for him, much greaty r than what the Dutch may have received. That this difference had appeared already, as your ma- jefty had fpent a whole year in difputin^ this point mth the Dutch ambaliadors, by refuling fo much as to e\|^efs the word ftiiiery, becauk k rmght be interpreted to the difadvantage of the king of England; that you had given him ad- vice of thetiLSty, and of the reatoiis you had for concluding \t, and that he Itod been invited to confeht to it, and accede to k*, and farther, that you had not proceeded thus far until after being undoubtedly al&iredthat the Spaniards laying hold of the occafion of the ftates of HoUartd being difcontented on that account, hac' difpofed them, after a long and fecret negotiation, to enter into a ftri($k alHsnce with them, whkh was diredly agairtft your intereft, as alfo t& that intereft the king of England has in the prefervatron of Por- tugal, and that at the laft the treaty had not been concluded until the ftates had adtually ligned an order for recalling their ambalTadors ; that your majefty had no other intention in this but to preferve allies, who are of uie to both in an equal degree, and that the intereft of thehoufeof Orange made it neceflary to treat with prudent care. ■;p-4^ e With thefe reafons, the chancellor, wrthwhom I firft difcourfed was convinced, and could not ^ut acknowledge, your true intereft was to fup- port the repjiblic of Hollaind, and that it was alfo for the king his mafter's inter^, and that your majefty majefty an tain 4 goo tries, and I>ut(ch foj wo^jid be J id\\, dilpc lhi|:> as ] that end, give him r tiie kinff c formed by the fame n e*eufing th receiving it which feem had been c view than ti ing betweer vent the Du trary to the I fet'out majefty, an cular accou tiation. I leave tl dered, fully Me enough your majeftj %:r-i v/l*--' w- #^.#^ .A- *" '^Ip!^'* m., iJ majedy aidling from this principle, only to main* tain a good underftanding between the three coun-^ tries, and not out of a preference of having the Diitph for allies rather than the Englifh, which mMd be a negle^ and undervaluing, ihould find hkn fUipc^ed to afiift in confirming the friend* Ihip as your majefty defir^d of him, and for that end, the lord Hollis would foon fet out to give him new aifurances. I afterwards waited oii die king of England, who being beforehand in^ formed by the chancellor, appeared to me to be of the fame mind, as alfo the duke of York, all three ejccufing themfelves for the oppofidon made to the receiving it openly hitherto, becaufe of the injury which feemed to be done to England if that treaty had been concluded or entered into on any other 7iew than that of maintainMig a good underfland- ing between the other three, and thereby to pre- vent the Dutch from entering into any alliance con- trary to the common interelr. i fet' out to-morrow in order to repair to your majefty, and to give you a more exa£t and parti- cular account or all that has pafled in this nega^ tiation. I leave the fieur Batailler, as your majefty or- dered, fully inftrud^ed in every thing, and agree- able enough to this court to manage fuch affairs ag your msyeiby may charge him with. ^ -- -- . - , ,.j.f^ : 1 DmAtu^'i Tr\ Earl of Clarendon to count d'Eftrades. tt Sir, V • ■ ' Hampton court, July 27, 1662. THE king having fignified to you in his let- ter, his defire that you would pafs this way in order to confer with you about fome affairs, Iper- fuade myfelf that you will not refufe him that fa» 0^3 tisfaiftion. tje Letters ^itd NcgodflddtM tisfadion., and take this occafion of exprefling to you the pleafure I (hall have of feeing you once more, and to affxut you by word of mouthy how much I am, dec ^ ;■■■( King Louis XIV. tb count d*£fb'ades. ^tr*- St. Geaaaia eaX^^^ Aug. 12, 1662. I Received your letter from Calais, of date the night before laft, together with the copies of thofe wrote to you by the king of England and his chancellor, declaring the defire which the iaid king my brother had to difcourfe with you about fome important affairs -, as to which I tell you, thai 1 approve of your going into England to give !him that fatisfaaion j I ftiall write to Holland that it will only be for a few days. However, 1 jhall expedt with impatience, to be informed, as foon as may be, the occafion of their being fo de- firoud of feeing you. I pray, &c. ..•>* T&e king to count d'Eftrades. ' ' St. Germain, Aag. 20, 1662. SUNDRY important advices I have received from Holland this week, occafions my write- ing to yoa this letter, to inform you of them, and my oirn thoughts thereupon for your better go- vernment ; fo that you may confider this difpatch as an addition to the inftrudions given ytJU at your departure from hence. ^ - " '' In the firft place, they have named certain towns of Holland as deputies, who are to examine tte propofithDHS made to them by EftcvandeGamaro, of of Count d'EstJL AD Es, 231 JC, between the ftates and the king of of a leai Spain, his maftcr, for the mutual defence of the whole fcventeen provmces, and the faid Eftevaii de Gamaro beftirs himfelf with all diligence to gain the moft confiderablc perfons in the faid towns, in order to make a favourable report to the ftates of the provinces at their next meeting. I therefore think, that your principal care fliould be on your arrival in Holland, after being in- formed, as you may eafily be, what towns they are, to apply yourfelf diligently, either by gwng in perfon, or by means of your friends, to tra- verfe the faid Gamaro's negotiations by all the means and arguments which are fo fully ex- plained in your inftrudtions, as to make.it unne- ceffary to repeat them in this. As the faid Gomaro fatisfies himfelf, in per- fuading only by fair words, without diftributing one penny of money, having difficulty to draw from Madrid what he wants for his own fubfift- ence, I think one has no need to be afraid of all the pains he takes, as foon as you fet about de- ftroying them, and efpecially at this conjun(5lure when an alliance is to be renewed, when the people feem to be fo pafllonately defirous to fhew their af- fedtion to this crown. One thing more is, the ftates have fent orders to their ambaflfador Borell, that at the exchange of the ratification of the treaty, which they have addrefTed to him, he Ihould fo manage it, that they may be allowed three months time for examining the other trea- ties fully, which are to be exhibited on both fides, upon condition, that if either party find out any thing difficult to be agreed to, or contrary to feme other intereft, they may have the liberty of de- claring it within that time, otherwife, thofe trea- ties to be deemed, to be approved and warranted ; and at the clofe of this -article, the ftates do order 0^4 the 232 Letters and Negotiations the faid BorcU, that if my commiflioncrs mention to him, among other treaties, that which I laft made with the duke of Lorrain j by which, hi^ dominions are to fall to me after his death, he re- fufe fo to do, on pretence that the faid treaty is not as yet finifhcd or ratifiedr As to this, I would have you know, that I would be willing to agree to the delay of three months for examining the treaties on both fides, and, in the mean while, to exchange the ratifica- tions without delay, if the ftates had not before- hand added that exception as to the treaty of the celTion of Lorrain \ .but this has induced me to re/olve, not to exchange the ratifications unti| they firil receive and guarrantee the faid treaty as well as the others. I have ordered this refolution to be made known to the faid ambaifador Borell ; mean while, I have the more reafon to be furprifed with this novelty (in cafe the ftates fhould infift on it, as I cannot believe) as it is diredly contrary to all which the three ambaffadors, and even Borell himfelf has fo often told my commiffioners during the time this negotiation has been carrying on ; when, in order to gain their own points, and to put a value on what they granted for my advantage, they de- clared more than a hundred times, that the faid treaty of Lorrain Ihould be guarranteed by their republic. I do not think that the faid ambaffa- dors will difown the truth of this, and I can even fay, that it was this confideration which was one of the chief motives for guaranteeing their filhery, and in that to difoblige the king of Eng- land i how fenfibly, you yourfelf know full well. ,_ Notv/ithftanding which, after having engaged me to make fo great a ftep for their advantage, at prefcnt they feem to revoke what their ambaffa- dors had agreed to> as a point which could admit of Count d'EsTRADES. 233 of no difficulty, and this on a weak pretence, which 1 cannot enough wonder at \ for to pretend that the treaty of Lorrain is neither finifhed or ra- tified, is the weakelt excufe that can be alledged, for the following reafons : I . It is to be confidered, that the faid treaty cannot have its effedl until the duke's death, till then we have flipulated, that he fhould enjoy his dominions with the fame fovereign power and pro- perty as if he had never ceded them to me. However, I have acquired the right to them, and it is this right which I defire with all equity to have guarranteed to me as well as all my other rights, of what kind foever, by the united pro- vinces, in the fame manner as I have agreed to Euarrantee unto them all their rights and pof- leflions •, and yet, no treaty is faid to be more complete than this is, by being (igned by me, and the duke of Lorrain, the fovereign of that country, exchanged reciprocally, and its being regiflered in my parliament of Paris. I do not think, that siny thing more can be afked to render a treaty complete; for, as to ratifications, every one knows, that they are afts which are expidited on- ly to approve and render valid what fubaltern miniftcrs have agreed on among themfelves, by virtue of powers given to them by their mafters \ but that there is no need, and it would even be ri- diculous to demand ratifications after the fove- reigns themfelves have figned a treaty ; becaufc this fecond ad could add no force or validity, or more fully exprefs their intentions than the firft ; and to conclude, it is evident, that as to the fub- ftance of the faid treaty, in regard both to the duke or me, nothing can be more complete. It is true, that foi- the prefentl have fufpended one of the articles, which regards the princes of my blood, which I have granted to the princes of Lorrain, 1 234 Letters and NegotiatioxK . Lormh, until fuch time as tU, i^ liave any* intcrcft in tKat fucceifion haw made their declara- tion, that they 2ct^. content, and wiH abide by what the duke, as head of the family, has tranfafted with nie, it appearing to me not tO' be juft, and muft lb appear to every reafonable peifon, that t IhouJd immediately put all the fsud princes of Lorrain in poiffeilion of fo great an honour and ad- vantage as that of being capable, they, or fome of their dcfcendents, of fome time or other having my crown put on their heads, whilft fome of them, and even the neareft in blood, Ihew ftrong inclina- tions tc oppole the faid treaty, and to dil^nite my right with all the power they have. But, as on one hand, this oppofition can in no manner invalidate or weaken what the fovereignhas agreed on with me for the good of his ftate and fubje^ls, and that on the other hand, I am fully difoofedto put the prince of Lorrain in pofleffion of all which that treaty gives them a right to demand, after their accede- ing to aH the Sid treaty which concerns them in particular. \ cannot lee, how any can dare to fay, that this is a treaty which wants any forma- lity, but that it is as valid as any other treaty that ever was made between princes. It very much concerns me, that as foon as you arrive at the Hague, you Tcprefent all that I have new wrote to you on this fubje<5l, m the ftrongeft mariner, to the principal men of the ftate, and particularly to the fieur de Wit, giving them to undcrftand, that they fhali not find me in a humour to abate the leaft thing in an affair fo juft and evident, and, that m fine, if they have a mind that the re- newal of our alliances fliould have the effeft, they ir.uft begin by recailing the order fent to ambafla- dor Borell, without T/mich, you may declare to them, that the ratifications fhall not b« ex- charged. .-*(«*«' ■,"-* • WfytiKjk^ ^»3- ^•'iiytf^dA^K t»M' In In die thhrd piace^ they have ordered the had Sorell h to manaffs it^ that the treaty made by me iht>uld be termed in all sny courts of par* tiament and admiraity, fo that judgment may be given for the future in confornttty to this treaty, ia oi cau&s and cales which may happen where their jtifajofb are concerned, which is alfo what I ¥ftU not do, becaufe it is neither cuftomary nor confi- dent with my dignity to kt my parliaments inco the knowledge of any fuch treaties, at kaft, not ia the manner the Dutch would have it; it is only in the csife of general treaties of peace, which fot an end to ibme tedioi2s war, which it has been tbe cuftom tx) have tegifbered by parliament, more fer the honour of the thing than any necefllty ; or^ in cafe of a treaty, fuch as that of Lorrain, by which there is u new acquifttion of fbme ftate, territory, or place, the incorporating of which with the crown is necdiary to be declared, which Rgiftradon fiiHy confoHdates fuch an annexation ; b^ as to treaties of alMance, tins is never prac* dfed. The kings of France never acquaint their courts of juftice with matters of fcate, for they are wrfy erefted to diffcribute juftice to the fubjcd in their name, AM I can do then, if it fliould be lieemed neceffary, will be to fend my paTliament Old ng and iecret conferenct::s with the marquis de Fruente, which I Ihould eafily Have prevented, had it not been out of tendernefs not to expofe my informer to ruin, who ferves me with fo much zeal, and thereby depriving myfelf of fo ufeful a perfon. I chofe rather to let things go on, in hopes of knowing the particulars of what pafled, which has happily fucceeded; for the monk has difcovered to the faid marquis, or at leaft made him believe fo, that another Catalan, whofe name they cannot yet learn, propofed to the king of England, to make him maftcr of a fea-port in Spain well fortified, and fituatcd in the Mediterranean ; demanding, for effectuating this, only fcven or eight Ihips, there being but a few foldiers in garrifon. That he had befides, two{ trufty friends in the place, and without k, three or| four hundred miquelets ready at his command,, which makes it believed, if the thing be true, that it muft be fome port in Catalonia. The marquis de Fruente having thanked the monk in fuch %\ manner, as one may imagine, for fo important !i| piece of fervicc, and fo very reafonable, told hinii that he was to difpatch a courier on purpofe to Ma* drid to give an account of this, fo as to have the] garrifon reinforced, and to expel ail fufpcded per-l Ions, and to give dircdions to be on their guard; andl and the fa fent an cxj pretettce, x formation L monk may I dadon, on | bring the tri ftone will b made to the any time to be for his fer fer you know «« to be ta when the othe The fame marquis, whi other, if it t Then the kinj mother from t gave the great is privately at wasformcriyfj of hiy being ii time proved a hitherto been this Francifean but as I believi fame ftrefs up told me, thatc go ambaffador pfli men of wa ibcfca-coaftbe to declare to Ji ^0 acknowledge ^o»ld make uft "ccwith Ro . what mannc icndffiip, and f f imilies in hn thank- n, and :s, and ng the . Since C it will Lonk at ► Paris; ind that :€S with id eafily ndernefs erves me g myfelf et things culars of li for the lis, or at Catalan, jpofed to iftcr of a ted in the iting this, )Ut a few ides, two ., three or ;ommand, true, th^ [c marquis in fucha iportanta told him» ,fe to Ma- have th«] jefted per- cir guard; and ' ^ Count d*EsT HAD t$. 239 snd the faid raatquk has told me, that l:e had fcnt an expreii to Spain» though under another pretence, which makes me bdleve that the in- formation is true. Not, but ii: is pofllble, the monk may have forged all this without any foun- dation, on purpofe to have fome reward j but to bring the truth or falfhood of this to the touch- ftone will be, if any fuch proportion has been made to the king my brother, or may be made at any time to come j however, I thought it might be for his fervice, not to defpife this information ; for you know, that affairs of this fort, where places are to be taken by furprife, can feldom fucceed when the other part/ is apprifcd of the defign. The fame monk told another particular to the marquis, which is mure to be regarded than the other, if it has any foundation. He fays, that Then the king of Portugal removed the queen his mother from the regency, or, when fhe refigned^ nc gave the greateft ihare of power to a bifltop, who is privately at the devotion of Spain, and that he was formerly fome time under an arrcfb on fufpicion of his being fiich, though it could not be at that time proverd agarnft hhn. Thcfe arc what I have hitherto been able to difcover of the intrigues of this Francifcan •, he indeed added one thing mt)re, but as I believe it to be falfe, I do not put the fame ftrefs upon it as upon the other two. He told me, d\at don Francifco de Mellos was foon to go ambaffador to Rome, convoyed by twelve Eng- lilh men of war, and that upon his arrival upon the fca-coaft belonging to the pope, he would fend ito declare to his holinefs, that if he ftill refufcd to acknowledge his matter as king of Portugal, he Ottld make u£c of that fleet to block up aflf com- cc with Rome. Write me very particularly what manner he receives thofe marks of my icndftiip, and of every thing he fays to you on thofe 240; Letters and Negotiations thofe three informations, and refer to the letter which goes along with this, what I have farther to inftrudt you as to your embalTy to Holland. I pray, &c. *.; Count d'Eftrades to the king. London, Aug. 17, 1662. SINCE my arrival I have had one conference with the king of England, and two with the chancellor, on the fubjedt of my journey hither. They turned on their part upon explaining to me their motives for the propofal which has been made to your majefty, which are chiefly, the ftrong de- fire the king of England has by that to attain a ib-i6t alliance with you, and explaining his reafons for making 'fo high a demand as twelve millions, becaufe of the great expence he had beer put to for the maintenance of that place and the fupport ot Portugal, which have already coft him ten mil- lions, as alfo upon account of the intrinfic value of the place, the cannon and ftores, its harbour, the reputation of the place, and the great advan- tages you may reap by it. I would upon this have broke off the negotia- tion, by Ihewin^ how widely he was miftaken as to its real value, by the great difference there was be- tween five hundred' thoufand Englifli crowns, at which Cromwell had valued it at the time he de- figned a war with the Dutch, to whom it behoved to be much more necefiary than it could ever be to your majefty, and acquainted him, that on account of this precedent I could not go beyond what was then offered, ard that I had reafon to doubt whether they had fo great value for your majcfty's fcehoved lid ever that on beyond leafon to or your lajcfty's of Count d'EsTRADES. 24I majefly's friendfhip becaufe they afked fo extrava- gant a price, and that I might conclude from thence that they were not in earneft about treating. By talking thus, and putting on an air of indiffe- rence, I threw them into a great furprife, as they could not believe it was pcTible I Aiould receive the propofal in fuch a manner, or that I had or- ders to offer io litde, confidering the value and importance of the places, the cannon and ftores, which they value more than the fortifications, amounting to two millions, which they pretend we fhould pay for as they are to remain ; to all which the chancellor added, that as the thought of this treaty proceeded from him, he did not pretend to difguife that the neceffity of the affairs in England had brought this thought into his mind, but would not oblige him to make a bad bargain ; that he was the only perfon in this fen- timent, together with the king and the duke of York, and that he was flill to brins over Monk, the high treafurer, and Sandwich, whom he could not hope to gain but by the greatnefs of the fun: which fhould be paid to the king ; that having already propofed the matter on account of the neceffity of the flate, they had offered an expe- dient for preferving it and faving the king the ex- pence, which was to put that place under the au- thority of the parliament again, in which cafe they would be at the expence of maintaining it, and the king be ftill as much mafler of it as be- fore, and if that fhould happen, and the king be forced to accept of that expedient, the door would be fhut for ever to any fuch treaty as that now propofed, for which there was no farther time than till the parliament fhould again meet ; for if that was once met again, nobody dared to make the leaft mention of fuch a propofal , that he would not prctcad to enhance the price by telling me of R the I 2'42' Letters tf«^ Negotiations the ofFers made by Spain, becaufe his mafter had re* jcded them all on account of the defire he had of a ftri6t friendfhip withyt)ur majefty, whofe al- liance he thought alfo more for his advantage. To which I replied, that I did not enter into thofe confiderations of advantage or difadvantage, but I reckoned he had duly weighed them when he firft thought of this treaty, and at the fame time how to manage them •, that I was only to repre- fent to him, that as the king of England was un- der fome neceflities, fo you had alfo your own (hare, which hindered your being fo confiderable a fum out of pocket as they demanded; and that certainly he was deceived in the great opinion which he had conceivedof that place, and of the advantages which might accrue to your majefty, becaufe you had ten other places befides, which opened you a way into Flanders when you had any thing to pulh in that quarter ; and in this manner I ended this laft of our three conferences, Iceming to be difgufted to the laft degree with their demand, and doubt not to hear from them again, and if they make any more reafonable demands I fhall difpatch a courier to your majefty to give you an account with a fuller detail of this negotiation. Mean while, your majefty may judge better than I how I much we diifer as to price, and that there is no great probability of our agreeing. I Ihall expedl other orders than thofe I had at my coming away. I Ihould not omit to inform you, that the chancellor| told me, there were precautions to be taken in re- lation to the queen mother as to this afrair, andl that the king had told him, that it fhould be givenl out that he had defired me to pafs over into Eng-I land to perfjade me to endeavour to induce yourj majefty to lend him a fum of money in his pre-, fent prefllng occafions, and that he had ordere' the chancellor to lee me upon that very accountJ .. and Thck I Wrote to yo vice of grea Service of the ' tiered you to c( I principal one wa fhe family of or |%aniards prete ; confpiracy for \^^ affiftance of Count d'EsTRAtEs. 243 and they had agreed between them to complain of my ftifmefs as to this loan, and that the chancel- lor particularly Ihould inform the queen, by Way of confidence, that I was a ftrange man, and that he was the moft deceived that could be, and as if in my converfation with him I had infmi^ated, that as a fecurity for the money to be lent, fome place ftiould be given as a pledge, as Holland •, and even France had been obliged to do fo in former days in another cafe, and that he feemed not to un Jerftand my meaning, as being a demand he never would advife the king to confent to •, all this difguifc to be pradlifed, on purpofe that if the prefent treaty Ihpuld take place, the queen may be ready to be- lieve that (he had fome intimation of it, and that they had been obliged to it out of neceffity. 1, on my own part, have reafon to complain of the chancellor, as of a man, who aims at procuring all advantages to his mafter, without any regard to thofe of your majefty j all this confirms me, that they are defirous of the treaty, and that the price is the only difficulty, and in which they are un- reafonable. The king to count d'Eftrades. St. Germains, Aug. 15, i66f . • I Wrote to you fome days ago a letter full of ad- vice of great importance, v/hich regarded the fervice of the king of Engl md, and which I or- dered you to communicate ii him from me 5 the principal one was, that relatingto a Catalan monkin the family of one of the Portuguefe minifters, the Spaniards pretended to have difcovered a fecret j confpiracy for feizing one of their fea-ports by I the afliftance of twelve Englifh Ihips, having R 2 fome ^■, 244 . Letters and Negotiations fome land-forces, which fnould be in rcacl.icfi under th^ diret'tion of the projcdor of the enter- prize, as foon the fhips ihould apper--. but I could not then acquaint you either with t!?c name of the place or that of the projcftor, but widiin thefe two or three days! have received full infor- mation ; for the Spanifli ambaffador, dcfiring an audience of me on account of Ibme other affairs fcefore he retired, entered upon a formal com- plaint of this enterprize, becaufe it fo happens, that the pretended contriver is a fubjedt of mine at this time, and, in order to prevail with me to let the perfon know, that I difapproved of his ron- dudt, he was obliged to tell me his name, and that of the pi ace ; I learned of him the names of both, viz. that of the place is Cadagues, and the au- thor of the projeft is don Emanuel Dauch, who has been attached to me ever fmce the revolution in Portugal, and is fo ftill. The king of England will know, after you have informed him of the new particulars, as I defire yo\i rtlay, if there be any other foundation for what the monk has informed the Spaniards of, or if he has told them a lie, in hopes of getting ^ rewardi. you will, however, have an opportu- nity to perfuade the king my brother to put ajuft value on the pains and care 1 take to give him proofs of the iincerity of my affedion fdr him. l| pray, &c. Poftfcript. Since writing as above, I received your difpatch of the 7th current, which is not full enough to enable me to write you any thing of the matter in gueftion, until I hear what you are to write tomcl farther. , Signed, Lewis. chancelh of York and to 5 on the fu what ani which I yefterday me, that immediat again, th fter to p; affraid to becaufe hi tothekir prince his that in b( there wen finefs nov Spaniards for that t offered fo put it into be at all much m^ to bargaii to him m fter's intei me the fii 1 offered, ^bns aboi fome refc ' t: f ' rf Count d'EsTRADES. To the king. 245 Sire, . London, Aug. 21, 1662. ALL that paiTed in the three conferences which I had with the king of England r nd the chancellor, has been communicated to duke of York, to general Monk, to the higl. \ and to Sandwich, who have had two c js on the fubjedt amongft themfelves, to r^ .^ive on what anfwer was to be made to me on the offer which I had made ; and the next day, which was yefterday, the chancellor fent Mr. Beling to tell me, that he ihould be glad to fpeak to me, and I immediately went to his houfe. He told me over again, that it was pure neceflity obliged his ma- fter to part with Dunkirk, and that he was not afFraid to let me know this from the beginning, becaufe he treated with me as one who is a friend to the king of England, and the minifterof a great prince his ally, of whom he had no diftruft, and that in both thofe charafters he would own to me, there were four expedients to be taken in the bu- finefs now propofed. The firft, to treat with the Spaniards, who at this very time offered any terms for that town ; the fecond, with the Dutch, that offered for it an immenfe fum \ the third, was, to put it into the hands of the parliament, who would be at all the ejcpence, and leave the king full as much mjifter of it as at prefent •, the fourth was, to bargain with your majefly, which laft appeared to him more juft and more agreeable to his ma- iler's intereft, which was the reafon he had made me the firft propofal \ but that after hearing what I offered, and which he had reported to the per- fons above mentioned, and had met to come to fome refolution, every body was furprifed, and H 3 eafily. <*•. o>^>. > ' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 2* 134 i^ lU It 140 y5 III 1.4 1.6 6" , ^ Photographic Sdences Corporation \ ^ ^ •SJ ^\ 6^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SM (716)873-4503 •■ 246 Letters and Negotiations cafily remembered, that when C^viwell had of- fered it at 500,000 crowns, it was *t*ticlufive of the artillery, ftores, and the hc^ works, which were to be paid for over and above, and upon this refolv- cd, rather to put the place into the hands of the parliament, becaufe, that when it was known that it had been difpofed of for fo frtiall a futn, the Jung could not but expofe himfelf to reproach, or Jie, the chancellor, at leaft be liable to a public cenfure, that might endanger even his life/, diat it was his opinion, rather to make a prefeht of it to your majefty, and to leave the price to your own generolity ; but that as this was not in his power to do, and he was fo deeply concerned in conducing an affair of fuch delicacy, he was obliged to cpnceal his opinion, and to feem to agree with that of others, fo as not to appear as the chief promoter of this treaty, that the moft pilf- fmg argument which he made ufe of to prevail with them to confent, was, the fupply of money which the king might draw from thence, and that thereby he might difcharge the debts he was obliged to be bound for in maintaining this place, but that my fcanty offers had deftroyed that mo- tive, and fhewed them, that either we had n6 trade, no inclination to have Dunkirk, or that we put too fmali a value upon it. And after this, he enlarged ftill more^ to Ihew me the importance of the place on account of its fituation and har- bour, which had made it fo confiderablc in former times, and to exaggerate the advantages which your majefty might reap from thence, if you had at any time any views on that fide of Flanders. After this, he proceeded to the particular expence it had been of to England before and fince the reftoration, for the payment of a ftrong jgarrifon, and maintaining the fortifications whicn nkd been made j that I ought to confider, that if ever France Ihould %, t ■i 1*%3»t of Count d'Es TRADES. 247 fliould think of getting it by any other way than that now propofed, what expence they would be put to, and if it would not exceed the two mil- lions. I oBered, that there had been more than two millions kid out on the fortifications alone 5 that the artillery and ammunition was worth more than pne million, and that I could not but be ienlible that as the king his mailer had for three years maintained a ftrong garrifon in the place, he muft have expended four millions more j fo that all thofe articles put together, and making all al< lowances, he thought itwas very apparent that the king his mafter fhewed the great inclination he had to treat with your majefty, that he was willing to accept of feven millions ; that all he could obtain of the lord high treafurer and the others, was, to get them to confent to this redudion in the price ; that it was my part to make known your majefty'slaft intentions; that for his part, he- had no more to lay to me on the part, of the king his mafter.- '^i^ ■;n.^:':-^v'^^:,:':;;^ :■.:''■ - = I made anfwer, that 1 was infinitely obliged to him for fo candidly opening to me the ftate of af- fairs i that your majefty, who always had a par- ticular value for his friendfhip, would have oc- cafion to know, that he was not miftaken in his opinion of him ; that this had induced you to re- ceive the propofals made to me by Mr. Beling, believing, that as they came from him, they were fincere, and no ways meant to break off any of the engagements you had entered into with Spain and Holland, but to cultivate a ftill more ftriA friend- fhip with your majefty by fome treaty of this kind ; foppofing the king of England would make no de- mands but what were reasonable and honourable; and it was upon thefe grounds that he allowed me to come over into England, and had given me the power which I had already communicated to him j R4 but 24^ Letters and Negotiations but that if the firft price which he had put on Dunkirk appeared to me to be exorbitant, the price now put was (till too much ; that by this way of valu- ing of places, there was not any, the leaft conli- derable, but what might be valued at a high rate, when one includes the expences which one has been at; but that the right way of eftimation was, to judge by the advantages arifmg from the fitua- tion, ftrength, and extent of the country, and the revenue which it brings in*, that there was nothing confiderable of this kind as to Dunkirk ; that your majefly had open and free entry into Flanders on all fides, when you fhould have occafion ; that Graveline, Bethune, Arras, Bapaume^ were confi- derable places on fuch an occafion, but that Dun- kirk could be of no fervice, as being fhut up by the fea on one fide, brought in no revenue, nor country belongingtoit, without any ftrong fortifica- tions, and fcarce any thing of a harbour, the canal ofMardykeitfelf being very incommodious on ac- count or the fand-banks, which choked it up j but, that however, I could not but ingenuoufly own, that it would be for your majefty's advan- tage to have it annexed to what you alfe?*-" pof- fefs in Flanders j that on the prefent view had of re-eftablilhing trade among your fubjeccs, that port might be of fome ufe, and for that end, I thought that the propofals made to you by the king of England were not to be neglefted, provided the terms were reafonable, and that the example of Cromwell might be a rule in this negotiation, as being a man of ability, and one who knew ve- ry well the importance of maritime towns \ and tnat he alfo confidered well the particular con- jun£bure which made him io defirous of having this place, and of what ufe it would be to him, as he fhen was refolving to make war againft theputdm which ^a§ a^ually decjaj^d. fogn after, notwifh? ^^ . ■' ' ftapdine 6 ■'{-'^OAk.t: ^'i »|hr of Count d'EsTTLADES. 249 ftanding which, with all the advantages he hoped fiom thence, he ofieredonly two millions, that I did not think die king of England would lay any ftrefs on what the king of Spain might offer him; for, that t could aifure him, that whilft he was thus treating with him, he, the faid king of Spain, did offer, not only Dunkirk to your majefty, but whole countries and places more condderable, provided you would enter into a defenfive alliance with him. That I did believe he might expedb.a greater fum from the Dutch, than from your ma- jefty, if a treaty of that kind was not contrary to their intereft in other refpedbs : that as to the par- liament, the bare remembrance of the late troubles, was fufficient to fhew how dangerous it was to put power into their hands, and leilening that of the king. That I thought he fhould rather think of this affair, upon the account of the advantages which would accrue> to him by his ftridt friendfhip and union with your majefty; than to bring into die confideration the fum of money that it would bring in : that it would be attended with confe- quenccs more for his intereft, than he thought of, telling him by way of confidence, and as proceed- ing only from myfelf, that time might bring a- bout fuch revolutions, in which it might be of more advantage to him, that Dunkirk ihould be in your majefty's hands than his own. This laft conference, which lafted three full hours, and to which Mr. Baling ferved as inters preter, as he was to the former, ended in this manner. It now depends on your majefty, who lare the beft judge of what is your intereft, to de- 1 cide what refolution is to be taken on thefe de- I mands ; or if you thinjc. it of any purpofe that I kmdergo all the tedious delays which may happen, as I forefee they will, in this, negotiation, or ra- te l.^t5{t*.*A>i an end to it by fuch an anfwer as > 250 Letters and Negotiatiohs you think proper, I may proceed to Holland dircdly, without repaffing into France-, as to which I Ihall wait your intentions. The numbers of perfons to whom your majefty fees, the chan- cellor has belen obliged to communicate this af- fair, has occaiioned rumours to be fpread both at court and in the city of London, on the fubjedb of my journey, and for this very reafon it will be ne- cefTary to haften the conclufion of it, if it be wifhed to fuccecdi - • ^ / >> ^ ; iJ . A'im th:^ : Friday \sdk the duke and duchefs of York came to St. James's, and I took that opportunity to de- liver the duchefs the prefent of which I had ipoke, at the firft time of feeing her. She receiv- ed it with ail the thankful and honourable ac- knowledgment of obligation, as couM be fhown on fuch an occafion. She much admired the fafhidn, and the duke of York, who was prefent, agreed that nothing would be genteeler or in a better tafte. It was carried the fame day to Hampton-Court, to be ihewn to the king and queen. ''.•'■.' -;.^..r ■ ' K'.u:-yi -■ '.,'}■■■■' -i"--i :■-.;..,■.■..,_„:: i . . .sl.^l <.:: I ^m, &c. m >. The king to count d'Eftrades. St. Germans> Aagnft 27, 1662. 1" Received your difpatch of the 21ft cunent, by which you give me an account of the ftate of the negotiation for which the king of England, my brother, defired you might- pafs over into England, after letting you know that nothing could exceed yonr condud hitherto ; and that I fhuch approve of it, and thank you for it. I am to tell you, that although your difpatch, preced- ing this laft, advifes of an abatement, of five mil- lHt lions, ef Count d'Ed TRADE 8.t z$t Honi, the fum they indft on ftill, appears to me fo exorbitanti as you have i^prefented to theln } and indeed fo exceffively, that there will be nb manner of room left for any further treating^ un^^ kfs the terms be made more reafbnable. ' -> It feems to nie in the next place, ithat the bcft^ nay» the only way to make them fenfible, if thd^ are capable of being fo, is to ih^w the fame iii^* difference fts you hAve hitherto put on, owning ftill that it is what I defire, but not ai an immo- derate price, which my own -reputation wbuld hihder me from paying, though I had it in my power and inclination, as I have not'. . If they ftill infift on feven milliorts, as they laft aflced, you Ure to tell them foundly, that ther^ is nothing to be done, and to take your leave to go into Holland without omitting, how- ever, to thank the king, my brodier, for his good inclinaii6ns fhewn me on this occafion, by bein^ willing a place Iftould fall into my hands, which would, no dbubt, be convenient for me, which I Ihall always gratefully remembfer, fo as to be fenfiHe of the obHgation on all occafions ; and likewife think the chancellor from me, on thfe fame fubjedit, by affuring him of my good-will, and my proteftion on all occaiions. But if they will ferioufly enter into a real and folid negotiation, upon more tolerable conditions, and fuch as any third indifferent perfon of underftanding would iiward both fides to accept of, you may alTure the chancellor that he will find me well di^ofed, if it was to pay fomething beyond the real valuer every thing being well weighed. I Ihall think myfelf very much obliged to the king, my brother, that hewas wilJing to make me an offer. ;> ■>- However, to come more clofely to the potet, fo as you may make the proper ufe of what t write to you as to my fentiments, I would have you ■#^. :.;4^^tt>..v 252 Letters a;?// Negotiations you take notice in the firll place, that of the four eledtions which the chancellor told you the king his mafter might make*, fuppofing an abfblute neceflity of parting with the place, there is not one but would be more for my advantage than that it fhould remain as it is. I could add the fifth, which was lord Sandwich's propofal, that of demolifhing the fortifications, ana of^deflroying or filling up the harbour. For it would be more for my interefl:, that it fhould be in the hands of the Spaniards, the Dutch, or demolifhed, than where it is now, for fevcral reafons needlefs to be mentioned, becaufe you may eafily conceive what they are : fo that you already fee, that thofe mo- tives which the chancellor has adduced to prevail with me to bid higher, are of no flrength to force me to it, which I tell you only for your own uic. However I think proper to inform you, that I had rather that Dunkirk was in the hands of either the Spaniards or Dutch, or even to be demolifhed, than to be in the pofleflion of the -king, my brother. It was unlucky that the chancellor fhould have been obliged to communicate the aflPair to general Monk, to the high treafurer, and to admiral Sandwich ; though as it is but juft, to confider what may be the intereft of another, I very well fee that the chancellor, being defirous to a& with prudence, was obliged to fpeak to them of it, as not having flrength enough to load himfelf with the whole weight of fuch a bufinefs, which his enemies would not have failed to cenfure, if he had not been thus fupported: this is a misfor- tune, but cannot now be ren^ied, and if it can be got over, may turn out to his advantage, as the principal miniflers of flate will be found to have been of the fame opinion with the chancellor, they pmft ftan4 by himf C/*C(W«/ d'Es TRADES. 253 , I very much doubt whether the Spaniards offer fuch a conliderable fum as what the chancellor tells you, for they are not in condition to advance even fmall fums, as appears by their not having paid.one penny of my.^ueen's portion ; although, upon payment of it, depends the validity of the renunciation they obliged the queen to make; which to them is of much greater coofequence than Dunkirk, or twenty fuch places put to- gether. As to the Dutch, the king of England fees better than I do, that if he confiders his own in- tereft, he had better make a prefent of Dunkirk to the Spaniards, then fell it to the Dutch for twenty millions, which is more then they would give. As to putting it under the dependence of the parliament, the memory of the laft troubles is recent enough to make the king . fenlible, how dangerous it is to increafe the power of parlia- ment, by leilening his own : fo that he has fhowa himfelf a politic and wife prince, in not being tempted by the offers made to him by the parlia- ment, to eafe him of the burden of that ex- pence, upon terms which would have been of fo much prejudice to him. Nothing could be thought or faid ftronger than what you told the king and chancellor, to induce them to lower their demands, when you told them that Cromwell, who knew the value of fea-ports, would not exceed two millions to purchaie this town, though it was then of fuch ufe to him in the war, he then defigned to make on the Dutch: the unreafonablenefs of valuing places, by the ex- pence they have coft in maintaining a garrifon, and the lortifications, for a number, of years, which would raife the value of the moft confider- iible place, p an exorbitant height j and what V ^•■V- Kj mi' Of e. /..y. ri .1 r-2 "A^i-i C^5!£ ^A/'- ^ '\/'^^^ -%:■ ( 154 Letters and Negotiations you further added, that Dunkirk haji no territpry Dound to- it, but was pent up by the fea, and that I had Flanders open to me by feycral places, which already beiong to me, it will be proper diat you eon^e over with thefe very arguments, if the negotiation does proceed *, and for greater ef- ficacy, I will fuggeft two more very cogent reafons. The ohe is founded on advice, which comes to day from that country, that a baftion and cur- tain was burft, from which three things rnay be Concluded. Oae is, tha^ there is no more a cita- del ; another, that one cannot be fure of buildine one that can (land, the confcquence of which! leave you to gueis;- .he third, that they can never bring in as an article of the account, forti- fications which are lio more, neither can be again. You will be informed from thence, if this i3e true, and in cafe it be, and thofe ^ntlemen be more Feafpnable, they muft own that this fhouid make them lower their demands very confiderably. The fecond is, that when I buy Dunkirk, I buy a place to iidiich the feller can fumifh no other title than pofleflion by force of arms, as it dannot be faid that Spain, to whom it is known to belong, h^s npt yet given it up by any treaty, as it Has done the conquefts which I have made from Ifer by the treaty of Perenees. So that I acquire only a difputed title and right, which may be every day contefled, and which will certainly happen, if ever theSpanifh monarchy finds itfelf in condition lo hope to re-enter into the pofTeflion of It, although England ought to guarrantee to me, ih jufbice, the pofleffion of it, or to return the money I pay: ro that in all fuch doubtful bar- gains, people nev^^r pay fo grieat a pri^e as ^hen Sie, title is clear. , ' '? ■ - '^"^ ,-^-^^^-1^*^: ' 5^09tt«/ d'EsTRADES. 2§g ■ Now to acquaint you with my intentions, as to the extent of the price I will pay for it, I will tell you, that after addine what I told you by wora of mouth you mi^ agree to, my laft word is four millions of Livresj to wit, two mil- lions down, one million payable next year at two tp/ins of Rx months each j the other millioh to be paid in the fame manner within the year 1664. Whoever will impartially confider what I have touched upon as aforefaid will find, that the price I am willing to give, exceeds very much the value of the thing *, and I did not believe, when you went from hence, that I fhould have gone fo high in my offers. For you know, that dthough 1 gave you power to bid fomewhat near to this, yet it was to hAve been for a longer term of payment. It was alfo to be on condition that the three laft payments of 300,000 crowns each, fhould be applied to the fuccour and fupport of Portugal, or which, at prefent, I demand no fuch exprels afTurance ; fo that there is a confiderable difference between your former power, and what I now give you, when I tell you four millions is the laft word, and the higheft you are to go ; fo that you are to offer this not all at once, but gra- dually, ftill keeping a referve till you find you muft refolve either to clofe, or to take your leave to be gone. Farther, I do not think, that in order to fuc-* ceed in this affair, you fhould make any higher offer than what you have already done, unlefs you find that thofe gentlemen have come lower in their exceffive demands, for otherwife it will be to nopurpofe to advance in yours. ^* ' ^ (^^ *; w This is all I have to write to you on the fubjeft of your laft difpatch, I fhall now expeft with im- patience, as you may guefs, an account from you. So I pray, &c. % "^ -;,.... % '¥ 956 Letters and Negotiations ,\ forgot to tell you to make it known to the duchefs of York, my filler, that I am highly iCenlible of her ffood offices on this occafion, and ihali be pleafed extremely to fhew it on ail op- portunities. - - i k . To the king. 4 <^«*, «/♦<*■' I Sire, ir. London, Aug. zS, 1662. I Received by the hands of fieur Batailler your majefty's two letters of the 20th, and in obe- dience to the command you give me, to commu- nicate to the king of England, the advices con- tained in one of then), I took the opportunity of a vidt, which he made to the queen-mother at Greenwich, to acquaint him of the fame. He was of opinion that they were true, by that cir- cumftance of the propolal made to him by that other Catalonian, to furprife one of the fea-ports of that province, which however he did not tell me the name of: and he is to order a fearch to be made for don Gabriel, or Raphael, that he may be fecured. He defired me to let your majefty know, that he was infinitely obliged to you, for the pains you take, and the care you have about what concerns him ; which made him ftiH more defirous of entering into a drift friendfliip. That as to the journey of Francifco de Melos to Rome, and the declaration he was to make when he came oft the coaft of the pope's dominions, he had heard nothing of it, neither did he believe it; but he had advice that two rich (hips from the Indies, under Portuguefe names, but for Spanifli account, were expefted to arrive at Cadiz, and that he was next i . . - day :^( ^'•^li^A-.-iM:. .-Ji;&,i^ ^O?!/;?/ d'EstRADEs. 257 day to order a*frigatc to be difpatched to Lawfon, to cruize off of that place, and to feize them. That he had fufficient proof of this artifice, which had been concerted with Auguilin Colour nel, of whom your majefty firft cave him reafon to be fufpicious. As to Portugal, he agreed that the bifhop, who had been admitted into the coun- cil fmce the queen refisned, was fufpe^ed by him before this, and might now be a penfioner of Spain, the rather becaufe of the great factions now on foot in that country ; and that this, together with the bad condud^ and arrogant prefumption of that nation, gave him a very bad opinion of their af- fairs i that however he had refolved to have fent them frefh fupplies, if the affairs he had defired the chancellor to propofe to me, had fucceeded, and that he could not think of any other method of being able to do it, but by that means. But diat lince your majelly had made fo low an offer, he began to think of keeping Dunkirk ftill, by putting it into the hands of the parliament, let it happen to Portugal as God plcafes. I could only repeat the fame reafons I had formerly given him, in order to juflify my conduft in this negotiation, and refer him to the anfwer I expefted irom your majefty to his laft demands. . i For anfwer to your majefly's fecond difpatch relating to the affairs of Holland, I muft fayv that I am much furprized at the proceedings of the States*, and it appears to me, that nothing can be mo^re dilhonourable and more different from the good faith and fincerity with which your majefty has treated them, than the orders which they have given to their ambaffadors as to the treaty of Lofrain ; and there are fo good reafons to be adduced for this, and are fo clearly fet forth in your difpatch, that there is hopes they will be prevailed upon to yield ; and I will not fail to .•\ ■■■■ make a proper, ufc if t^cm whcif I airire at^the Hague, j^t theiame qme I njay 4n, it will not be in his power to obtain any, thing of th^ tow^ ,tp ferve his purpoie/V-'-f f^^''* ''^^'^ ^^, "^,r^-" i On all the other particulars of your majeftyV difpatch, I ihall govern myfelf as you order, and Obferve the referve pref^ribed to me as to the guafr fantee of the treaty of Lorrain, in the poftcript wrote in your majefty's own hand, :-^. \-^ ; The chancellor fent me this morning an inviti tion to dine with him at his country feat j I went thither, and there he told me of the advices hs. had from Powning,, in fubftance the fame with thofc from your majefty, as to the treaty cf Lor- rain, aiid of the alliance prbpofed by Gamarre, which he makes no doubt will take place, becaufe he believes he has bellowed a great deal of money for that end : and on this he took occafion to ex- claim very much againft the Dutch, and to per- fuade me of their inAncerity % irifinuating as if your majefty would have had greater fecurity from the king his mafter. 3y way oif defence, I made u(e of the fame arguments adduced in your ma- jefty's letterr and acquainted him that you was in no pain about all the intrigues the Spaniards could enter into on that head, becaufe you was in a con- dition to obtain juftice of all, wno had promiibd •youanytmng. r Jf*.^ ari?' ^. . r, ^> At laft he told me that the duke of Lcnrain had fent ^o folicit the ^ms his mafter, to' inter- ■*^*-' ' ' ■ , "• * Dole iHife'^m' tbe^ttaf be^riricfe Charles, he would not fee hirti, iind aftet' ejcatnirl- ingthe lettets relating tbl^ortugd^ he had dif- co^ered that they were coimterfeited) by ^nif- tMd^ of Batteville, who had impofed on the mar- chiorteft of Montbefon. While we were talking thus, the king of England caHie and brought with him a letter the queen of Portugal had wrote to th$ qiieen of England, which he read in my 'hearing: (he repref^nts, with teirs ill her eyej", this h the estpreffiort, the wretched condition of the affairs of Portugal^ occftfiofted % th^ Weak- he^ of the people themfelveS, tnd by the cabals of the partizans of Spain, Wh^ had prevailed in the council fince her removal from the regency, of which the bifliop, yOur majeiiy wrote of, is the chief 1 that the fright was fo great in Lifbon, and in the country* that the people of ccndition retire. from thcnce with what they can of their eflfe(^S, fothitthe kingdom is threatned With Uhi- verfal riiin, bccaufe they fee that the king of Eng- land alone could not hinder it, and that fhe can think of biit one rcrnedy, Which is for him io tife his good offices with "the king of Spain to efctain a ceflation of arms, or if he has not ihtfc- reft to obtain that, or tliinks it difhonpurable to aflc iti he Ihould in that cafe, make new efforts with your majefty to give them fomc afliftance. S 2 meaning 26b Letters and 1 '"•r. \yj\M}i ons \<> m^arimg tj^creW ,^p^ ^'rupture jy^A.Spwi. Th^ is the fubflt^p qf the Jctter, uppn, w^<;J^ tb<^ king of lj;pglaiid j:ipp^att^ the fswne thingslRiayi?: already tpMche4 on W this letter, ^nul 3^,,^)}^^^^ cellpr tpld yiie. furthcjT >n his prtfence,! t^,4f ,it wa^ i^Qt poflible to. prevail i«prith yQMr^»je%;,,,tjb pi^iii this aflfair foa^ to break with Spaio s h? thought. yoi^i)iig^ at Jeaft^i^^ to the marquisi del Fuertte, and % pretending officioufly tp inr form him of the preparations which England was jnaking for that war» and to make him appre- hei^epf a, ruptyre with it, heightening ^dan- ger by Xawfon's, being at this very timd in the river of Lifthoji, and that he was foon tO' be join- ed by ten more men of war frprti hence, that the Spaniards might be very tnuch incommoded by that naval force, not only in their home, bu| foreign and India trade \ that however without; rel tardingoi lofing ground as to the advantages hjl cathplic inajefty, niight acquire by the ; cpnqweft of; that kingdom* your majefty believed there was rootn for making fome propofal t;o the king of (Great-Britain: towards an agconsmodatipn* and for that purpofe ip agree to a ceflation of arn^s or a truce, under pretence of his being fallen upon by a powerfvil enemy, and for that purppfe your majefty offered to concern yourfelf in it, and to mediate with the kingpf Great-Britain,. if you y^ould not a^yajly take upon, you the ipediation, . which would be ftill pf more advaotage 5 ,in iine, provided that by. either one, or the other of thefc expedients. Or fuch a one as your inajefty might fiiii pyt, nejjt wi(\ter could be pafled pyeri ; new rcfoli^tions might be taken in, that time, aii4 gleans fallen upoi> tp fetatidethefe fwifpefted cpwi^ feiiors» and the people, .9J; Ew^Mgal be, ^r^ppver^d *igi>f:;fbf'i ■ Sit ■^^t;rir-btii .■/itii;i;i bcx:. "' V* Tb: df Count d^X AbiS. , ^6f The. Hing ' of JEn^and zddedj, diat lie had iU rtai^ tol^ ihe; UB ha^ h<> fecourfe' for ]()t^ferving Pdrtujjal, but the falc of iDunkirk, and that if* tRe Jinfce^^ciiild iidt be agreed on, he had the fa- - tisFajftToft'^f hiving done all h^ douJdfoifdiat end:' I |)rbmffed' hrtil to tender yotir ftiajcfty In exaft atdoonfbf ill this conference, on which you will make ydur own jucjicious refleffcions, and give me ( tht^ heedful dir^idns which ihaU bfc punaiially;* executed;' ''^'''^^ '■'■,'" :" ■ • '''^■ ^'■•'^ ^'^-c4' -..I am, &c. ' -: -'■"■■ myif'i^: rit^i:- ' . ■ ■■ ■■ . ^ ■ 'I il> ^m m y i^^' ^^^The king to count d*Eftrades. \'p. . V • '■ \ ' ... ',;'..• ,»;? * Vj St. Germains, Sept. ii\^Sil' ISentl&Uncrfomedays ago to overtake the' (wdinary poft for England, to have fome let- ters of importance put into the packet whieh I had wrote to you, but as I have as yet no account of* that courier, '*! have at all adventures fent dupli- cate* of thele difpatchesi ^' ^ Mean while I received Very late laft night yours of the 48th paft, and there has fcarce been time to have it decyphered in order to my reading it, fo that I have not at preffent leifure to anfwer the whole contents* but only two or three articles^ and that verybriefly, leaving it to your prudencff to draw fuch confequences, as are agreeable, ".y I ft. That the chancellor of England is miftakeHT if he thinks that Eftevan de Gamarre has diftri-' biitcd a great deal of money to procure a d^fen- fiVe alliance amongfl the feventeen provinces, fol* I know certainly that he has not had a penny to beftdw that! Way, and that it is with difficulty he Can diaw from Madrid where^nthal.to fubfift him-^ felf and family, and that he is greatly in debt, S 3 although am|^g^49f ^b Mi m t^t td6m of the'piSiaiif de ifenfe..^: ../..;-. TV,. " "'^ ^''.' ^ idlfi TMt princt Charles ofLomi^MAt veiy \Vjril hjiw*,ha4 rccpijrfe tq tht king of 'Eiidkndi; to injcncpeij fpr Wm by means 6f that lat^bjf B^^ gundy,, whpfe journey | knew of wheH Hie' went trcwin henec, . apd the defign of it, tHa^ I am Ob* %f4J0 the kjng my bfptlj^er for haviig tejeft^d .thefe propofals, out find from certain knowle> *^v^i>*^>ff,i,^i: ;tiis4--U'iv i -i-J '- ■''^i'i-^'' ^ii\.Wi$i%yi!'^-^^ •?*!* u«n^>^i>r ;:;'>r>,ff r'ji^;*-4'>''", ^i^nuj^^f j^tfi London Sept. 2, i6o». I Received by an exprefs, who fays that he was fent by the poft-mafter to have overtaken the Or4inary pofl, your majefty's two difpatches of the 15th and 27th of Auguft, which could not be an- fwered on Thurlday ; I faw the king of England lafb iiight, and acquainted him as you command- td me, that your majefty- was extremely obliged to him for propofmg to treat with you about Dunkirk, and preferring you to the pthcr bidders forit; that your majeily would (how how much you thought yourfelf obliged tO him, by em- v.f I S 4 bracing 264 Ltittt% '^and i^g&Mh^ bndng vnth pWfqre aijy-JopixMtuiBtyito ferve him, but that even the loweft price which he had pnt upon that place, fHU appeared to^jm ex^cf^ lively high, that it 4id not confiftcidief with your intcreft or honour to accept of fit cDttiifiich tonditiofis ; after whichv I went oveFi^igaiA'the fame reafons contained in your majefty 'S^ £ijpaix:h^ of which I had before mad^ ufe to tii%uK him with' the other e3q)ed!ents, for difpofing of it ; as silfo to lefien the greatnefe of the advantages which in his opinion you might reap from the acquifi- tion of it ; and at the fame time I acquainted him, diat I had an order to depart for Hoiliand, w btr- Sieving that nothing could be propofed lifter the aft demand^ that would content youi^ majefty. This anfwer furprifed him, and obliged him to fay» that two millions could not in a ferious and ho- nourable way be offered for fuch a place as Dun^. kirk, and that if you did not value it higher, he would fall upon a way to keep it. I then took occalion to tell him that I had power to go the length of two millions and a halt Our conrerence ended here, after agreeing that I fhould have a . meeting with the chancellor, and that he would let him know hi& lai^ refolutioti. I faw him that very day, and fpoke to him in the fame ftile, ana by that means threw him into the greatelt aftonifhment. He fignified, however, to me th^ he fhould be glad to fee nrie again before Moiidayv that he was to go into the country for a fortnight, and therefore would be glad to put the laft hand to that affair before that time v and if it wasto be broke off to find out the method of doing it in the haiidfomefl manner. I fhall wait to know what they > I am, &c. ;i To the king. •>).j Sire, ^ London, Sept. 8, i66a.^ I Wrote to your majefly the 2d of this morftii, that in the laft conference I had with the king of England and the chancellor, I had not bid h^her than two millions and a half, and that I forbore exceeding that fum, till 1 ihould difcover what they would refMve; after I told them that it was as. much as your majefty thought Dunkirk was worth; and in order to conform myjfelfin the' whole progr^fs of this negotiation, to the or* deJns I have to proceed with prudence and ftep by t%»^ on Monday, when I again faw the king of _ ,..,■.,•;,■ .-;.. ;. .,.; ■i..,,.-,;.i.- - England mu a66 Letters (md Negpt^tbiit^ . ^ £iigku;id mi the chaacxljbprv libtflcu^ hfieuf. former offers, but as they feemed^omiB tojse ft fat ftom coQOf^jLyiog as t|t firft, oay xui titeisOj^tcsr' ry^ A> tu from it» jchat they decl»mi ti^y ipro^li ifather confent it (hould be put into the iitan^rOf the parliament, I thought it neceAaty tpi advance myjo0erto the extern of tlpgree n^ipins, Jbut }^ conditionally, that I might fend a courier ta your majdfty, to have yow apprpbation ,of my Ijoi^g that length ; from Monday to Wednefday we ha4 two more conferences, ^n wl4c;h I ItiU kept my former eround* and in the lafib, which ^was at tbie chancellor's houle, where Mr. fie]ii;kg and I were only with him, he told me that he was conce;rned to the greateft degree, that his good intentions to your majefty were fo ill received \ that he was in hopes to have found in the af!{4r of Dunkirk, an opportunity of giving a proof of it ; that he could not but be extremely furprifed that it was made fo light of, and that I treated it in fo cold a man- ner, that he had endeavoured by all methods to prevail with thofe whom the king his mafter had called to deliberate on that bufmefs, to come down from feven. to fix millions •,* but finding 1 did not advance mo^'e, he could not perfuade them to confent; that it was my bufinefs .to ex- plain to what length I had power to give, becau£: as he would treat with me in cpniidence, as his friend, and the minifter of a prince whofe good will he defired to mferit, he would tell me ingenu- €ufly, ^hat there^was nothing to be done, unlefs your majefty would come the length of five mil- lions i; this difcourfe of his was intermixed with fo m^ny proteftatipns of fincerity, and he gave as a reafon, that nothing could be abated of this fum; the great neccflity, with which the kingrhis maft- er wastpre0ed on all hands, that 1 thought 1 might ad^Tenture to make the laft offer of four millions, Oil ii-.-r.'.W!i^W?iil M^ :-.,(" atflf'^ conditions meutioned in your majefty's ^^ patch, tfndacqiuunting hixn, that after this, no- thing* fixit&erw^ CO be expeded i that I would be ii in|pni6u$ irith iiini, as he had been with me } thaeiS the kin^ of England was not pleafed with this, I ifafould. immediately take my leave of him, lad beg |i ihip of him to carry me to Holland ; and to peifuaae him the more of this, I made Il4rv 3cUng read in his prefence, that laft article bf your majeftv's letter, m which you fix the high- eft fum I fhould ofier, to four millions. He told me, he had nothing to fay to me on that fubjedb, pid.y, that he would fpeak to the king of it, and (j^red me to wait on him alfo. I found the kins as the chancellor had informed me, ftill firnily infift on the fum of five millions, and told me further, that as he was to employ this money for the pay- ment of his debts, he would have it in ready mo- ney. He entered with me into a detail of the parti- culars, one of which was, the expence of a fquadron of ten men of war for the defence of Portugal, which would more than exhaull all this fum, and urged likewiie the want of money in Portugal, which w^ jreduced to fo great a neceility, as to fell the plate of their churches, and to coin two millions of copper ; tthat this had like to have raifed a fe • dition in Liibon, and that the troops run the ha- zard pf being ftarved, if he di^ not fpcedily fend them a fum of money, fo that I might be very fenilble, he fhould have immediate occafion for all the money he fhould get for /Dunkirk, and that this was his only reafon for felling it. I ufed in anfwer the fame arguments I had frequently done before to perfuade him that this place would not be- of fuch advantage to your majefty as he ima- gined, and that however you had flretched to the utmoit to purch^fe it;^ and at the fame time to af- * . ford t > ■ rf y A .» J , ^ i ■ .i-'A ■ 263 Letters and Negotiationii foVrf means to artlft'i kfngcfom tehStc ^rcfcrvatiort he fo' fttiicft defifed^;-^"^ ^ '^ '^»^'' ^"^^ »>^f'^^«" And as to paying the money dbwh, I tald him ' tha« it wai not in yoUl* rhajefty's bbWer to totted futh a fum all at Onec, that there was'nttt 'ah iWi ' ftance of fuch a thing being done iii the Mfldrt ^ paflr times, that a much lefs ftmi had not been Rir* ' nifhed by anjr itate in one payment, and that if every thing elfe was agreed, it was to be hoped that he Would not iniiil upbn this. ' ' I afterwards vifited the duke of York, who feemed to me to be in the fame diipofition, telling me, he thought he had done vour maje4r fignH Icrvicc, by bringing over his brother- the ting' ttt be cohtent to accept of this fum, which was very fmall> confidering what the place was byeftima-* tion, and that he made lio doubt but your niaje- fty who always judged equitably, would be of the^ fame opinion, and approve of the terms as foon as you was duly informed of them. That the king his brother intended after the place fhould be agreed on to be delivered up to you, to make you an offer at the fame time of four regiments of foot, well armed and cloathed, which are now in garrifon there, confifling each of ten companies and looo men each, compofed of the befl foldiers that ever went out of England j and as there was one of them called by his name, formerly com- manded by colonel du Valj and had ferved a long time in France, he Would be glad to have it in the fame fervice again ; that he hoped' thi^ aflfair! would fhll go a greater length, and make ftridter^ tics of friendfhip between your majefly and the king his brothei . I made aniwcr that without any fuch occurrence as the prefertt negotiation^ ftn^t majefty would always be difpoffed to' enter into-fbeh friendships as the king of England might defirebf you, as being of yourfelf fo inclined, arid that ■.a^ .n ^f, Z)l i.,,-. j^^;> you <»r«ortr.r!'". ••')>! V\«Tv -.-•■'jIio f ?(>i. , tfGmt d'EsT^At^z^. 269 you would not alter,' though this treaty of Dunkirk ihoMld n0t lakfi ct^d^r'^hicbi thought very pix>- balitlji^i, 49^ yoii ha4 opened to ine your lait reloli^ tioAS, r^om^wMiph you would nQt departs (hat I had Qtj^fti i^^they w^re noc accepted of to go for HolUnd^ and could not longer put off my fel- ting ipittt,. and to thank the king >f . St. G^rmains, Sept. 12, 1662,^ I;ll€€eiv©d by* the exprefs you fent, your letter ,^( i?he 3i;h current, in which you give me a very ejnoiE^ account of all tne ftcps of your nego- tiat4pn purfuant to your.Uft inltrudions, and the rit;uationMin which it npw is, without your having any hopes of bringing ithe king my brother to c0meilovi;e|:than the funfiof five millions, neither toajQcept of an expedient that had occurred to you, i£ij|hovld agree to it, that tl^e king fhould ac- cept 270 LetMrl dhd J^tpMidim ccpr of the four tnlllicMi Which I dffehid, irtd T gire up all the' €tiAiU>ti> AmmtlHittonf^ artd ftofM, n6w in the piftte, which he valued at i' milHoYil, fo that he fhould have in vtionty And valUtf the Aim toi five millions demanded } as to> Which, I im t6 inform you th^t it is certain, as you haVe vety properly told the chancellor, that I have whcre^ withal to furnifh Dunkirk out of my hiaga- xines without any new expcnce \ wherefore I would have you dill infinr and ufe y6ur utm^ft endea- Voure'to induce them to accept of thi« 6ffer< by Which you will add. much to the merit and obli- gations I fhall ha^e to you for your fdrvke iathi& negotiation. mi^.tim i^tu'ij But if at laft yt>u find that this cannot be dbne, I am wiHing rather than break off an affair of this confideration, to agree with t\it reafons given by the chancellor that a million of ready rtioriey up- on flich an occaflbn, was of more worth than twenty times the value of all the cannon of DuH" kirk, as the king would more t:aiily do ic upon that condition ; fo thit when it comes to the laft, and you fkid you can do no better, I empower you to offer in my name five millions, on condi- tion thatDunkiric be delivered up to me, with the forts of Mardyk and that of Bergh in the con- dition they now are in, together -w^itn all the can- non, warlike ammunition, and provifions in them. at the tirtie of this agreement. ^f^^"^?'^^ '' »•')' Before you aftually conclude and agree towI.uL thfey defit-e of me, and upon the point of fink- ing the bargain, I think you fhould afk fot^ an fex- *6t tnvcmory of all the artillery, ammUnitibii, and ftorcF ^n t he p^ace and forts belonging to it, as if your intentioh was, after a Careful examination of it to c6n(i-t' your inftruftibns, what further length you could go, in order to a compliance with their demand ; but in reality my view in. this is h to (>reveRtthc inbezzl^^nt of any of the trms, 8inmvnitt6ri,;ind(|koreftafter the agreement is mtdc^ is tuT Engltfh omters will not fcruple to do, with- out th^ king my brbther's knowledge, unlefs this be guarded agotinft by fuch an inventofy being sivcn in, and a claufe added, that whatever is de* Hvcrcd rfioft of the fatd inventory, (hall be dedu^- ^d out of what T am to t)ay to the king of £ng-< land. , ,^ > ,^ ,{K There rcmjiiri'? after this^ to fettle the terms of t)aymg ihv. momy, which is fo eflential a potnt» that if ii :y flionld not be reafonable, the whole affair may blow up, even if every thing elfc be agreed on, for absolutely I will not engage in any thihg I am not abl6 to perform, and fince they prefcribe to me as to the fum, and I comply witn it, it is but jult I ihould prefcribe to them in my turn, as to th6 t?rms of payment, and that they fhould acquiefce, as no body but myfelf is able to jiidgf what ii. in my power, and what is not. Ybu af-e to tell tnem then, th^t all I can do at {)refent, and that not without difEculty, and to the prejudice of my other affairs, is to pay two milli- ons, down, and for the other three millions, yoii ^re to ftruggle to the utmoft of your power, and to,fcem as if you would break off the whole af- fair, on acco/unt of that fmgle point, fo as to ob<. tain three years for the paying of that, at the rate of one r niion a year, at two equal payments of 500,000 livres each, lb that the whole three mil- lions be paid up before the end of the year 1665* If, however, you canrrot obtain this term of three years, if there be a nrceflity, I give you leav«f that payment fhall be n>^c in two years, at the rate of 500,000 crown each year, in four pay- ments, the three firft to be of 400,^^00 livres each, and the laft of 300,000, .-, t ^c>«' -; -v " ... -,.. Thit '.^ >, "^' 7171 A-.": .Sfc tf2 Letters and Negotiations This is all that is in my power, unlefs I would abfolutely ruin my other affairs for the fake of a (ingle one, which I am not refolved to do, and I protefi to you in confidence, that it is not in my power to do moie, and particularly, as to the iirft payment, of two millions which I am to pay down on taking pofleflion, for if I was to pay but J 00,000 crowns more, I would not engage to do it, out of fear of not performing, and I would rather break off the affair altogether. . All this being adjufted in which I can fee no difficulty, becaufe, as to the fum, I have compli- ed with their demand, and as to the terms of pay- ment, I have gone to the utmoft of my power, you mutt make it your care to concert it, and a- gree before figning. upon the methods of execu- tion, fo that each perfon may have a proper fecu- rity for mutual performance, as to which I pre- fcribc nothing, referring that intlrely to your pru- dence. The chancellor is one fo fertile in expe- dients, that he will not be at a loin to find out one on fuch an occafion, and you have too much judgments to be impofed upon, by accepting of any but what Ihall render me abfolutely fecure; J think each fide ihould ihow compliances and ci- vilities as much as may be ; I would only have you take notice that the nature of the tranf?,6ti- on is fuch, that we are not upon an equal foot- ing, which you are to have an eye to, and to take the needful precautions, for I believe very well, that after you have figned the treaty^ arid I have ratified it, the king my brother Ihall alio be as well alfured of receiving the money in the terms agreed on, as the price of the place, as if he had it already in his coffers, and that he will not be fo unjuft as to believe, that I would receive what he fells to me without paying. But the cafe is different as to his part of the perfor- .*" V mance, tnance, for although I have intire coiijifidence in his fincerity and honour, fo as to believe that hid would not take my money without delivering me up the town, yet it may To happen, that he may^ not have it in his power to execute this, and that the ganifon of Dunkirk, on fome pfetenCe or other, may refufe to obey his orders ; the meanirfg of thii that when you aire upon concerting the form ot IS executing the treaty, you fhould labour and aini at having the place delivered up td me before I pay the two millions. ^ iv :4 i^A • : If for reafons which I cannot forefce,- any "dif- ficulty Ihould be made as to placing an intire con- fidence in my fignature, you may, if it ihould he neceflary, offer to remain as an hoftage yourfelf in the hands of the king my brother, till iuch time as he receives the tWo millions, after the de-' livery of the place -, and that I ^ould fend an a£t ratified by me, declaring that 1 agree to your re- maining an hoftage, until the adual payment of the faidfum of two millions ; I believ6 hfe Will be iatisfied with your perfon as a fecurity in this cafe,, but if he iniifts on further fecurity, as my inten- tion is very fincere, 1 will not fcruple to fend to him fome other young lords of diftinftion, fub- jefts of mine, who under pretence of travelling into England for curiofity, Ihall be fent over to be acqiiainted that they are to remain as hbftages till the two millions be paid. I am not inclined to accept the offer which the duke of York told you the king his brother would make me, of taking into my fervite the four re- giments of foot that are in the garrifon of Dun- kirk, having at prefent mofe forces on foot th^ji I have occafion for, and I fliould think myfeif equally obliged to him, if he would fend them in- to Portugal, where they may be employed much more ufefuUy /or the common good, than they T would ! ^ I ■ I ' 'I- if^ Letters and Negotiations •^buld be in my fervice, to pafs their ti'me idlj^ in .fpme. "garnfonea town. I have as ^et no account from Madrid olf tjic iiews ybii have at London of a battle in Portugal, iii which the duke d'Ofluna had been intireiy de- feated in Gallicia, and this makes me a little dOubt it ; ^his adviihta^ wbiild have hapj)ened very fea- fonably for the rbrtiijgueifei tb haVe given theni irelh courage v the lo'fs of Juremeria having rnucK difprrited ihd frightened them. 1 pr^y* ^c. •■if^^^ :^J!*^^-Jfi^i^g:!r^_ _*?f:i'**c?!^ L.^*>f.fi:\.y q-y^f^-^^'*^'^ *f>i i-l Tq the king. SirCj London, Sept. 21, 1662. ^^ OtjR majefly did me the honour to inform T me by the return of the courier which I dif- patched to you, yoiij: final rieiblutiohs on the ne- gotiation I entered upon here by ydiii* orders con: cerning the fale of Dunkirk; On which i Vifitecj the chanceilor> arid reprefehted to him all the ftrength of the reajforis your majefiy fiirniflied me witK m yoiir difpatch ; that as ybu had agreed to the fum demanded for the place by the king of fenglahd and hifn, it was Biit equitable that they ihould accomodate y&iiir iiiajetty, by denianding no conditions but what Vere in your power to per- foi-m, and as there was ho peribn but yovirfellf who knew what you was able to do, you alone could regulate the meafiiresi and after this^ I proceeded to explain to him; all the conditions and terms of paymerit which .^bii cohiplied with j acquainting him alfb with the precautions I re- folved to take, with regard to .preventing any eiri- Ijezzlement of the artillery and ftores ; not yet of- fering the whole five millions, biit upon cohditibri that he made it appear by an iriveniory which he Ihould give me of them, that they really amount- ed ■^^^ ed to ii cohrMil^Tt VdRe, fo a> to be near to the miHicn in diiFei^nce,l5etwfeen tis; reprefenting to HiM at the faffi^ tittie^ith'gi-^iiteai'hefth^^^^ that your ihajefty had gbne to the very utnioft extend of ^hit you wai aBIe to ^o in thh Article, and ; that thfe difordtr which ftiH fuferitted in your H^ nances, would not illbw ^ou tb gb any gr^atet tehgth; but Wk y6u Would Ke ft) ijiiiidtual ih keeping yoUr wtjrd, that the monis^y itii^ht be as hilidh depeitded Upon, aiif it Was already In the trealury of EnpSd. ^^"^ ^-^-^ ^^ ' -^^ The chancellor m^e ihf^er, that the kll^ his ihafter did not Tell, but becdufe of the neeefiky of his affairs, which could not be rcrtiedied but by ready money ; that he had informed nrie of all the particulars of the expence he was put to at thik very time, wliich will exhauft this fum of five ihillions and moiie. > . ti ,r . Befides, that this affair beinfe oi i hatiite tob delicate for the king of England, and for himfetf in pUrticular, by the likelihood there was that it woiild'not be ap^rbVedof by the chief mth of the kihgdom, no^ eveh by the parliament ^ he was obliged, as illb all thbfe With whom he had con- 'iillted abdut tfiis riiattei*, at lekft to procure ad^ vantageous cbhaiiions for an ejtcufe of their hav- irtj^^iven theii* 'coitfent, and that prefent riioney vrki the only thing would pkafe, becaufe every one knew the kih^!s ncceffities i that this was the oAly way to relieve Bieni i and that he ieodld not think your rti^efty would infill, conlidering the friendly difpofitiqn you ,aj()peared to haVe for the king hi^ matter, of which, yoia could never have fo gboa ah o^f 6>tufilty to give a proof, as on this very occafion. ' 1 made a^met, that your majefty Was influenced ih thiis aWair more by a deiire to oblige the kihg of England, and to ftiirniifh him >yith means to relieve iiirfifelf in this ncceflity of Ui?t^.' T i his 276 Letters and Negotiations his affairs, than by any advantage to yourf^lf, but that it was not reafonable this inclination of yours fhould carry you fo far, as thereby to ruin your other affairs, which would be the cafe, if you ihould agree to the conditions they would impofe upon you •, that I had remarked before to him, that there had been fcarce any inftance of a treaty made, where fo great a fum was to be paid down; and that I prayed him to conlider that the time was near, when we might hope that there would be no occafion for fuch extraordinary expenceS, and that before they would be preffed by the de- mands in relation to Portugal, the terms of pay- ment of the other fums ftipulated by this treaty, would come round ; thus our converfation ended, he ftillperlifting in his demands, and I in my for- mer ofrers. I afterwards waited of the king and duke of York, to each of them I repeated what I had faid to the -chancellor, and found them both in his way of thinking, and I concluded nomore with them, than I had done with htm. This made me two days afterwards go to fee the chancellor again, and to make him an offer of reducing the time of paying the three millions, from three to two years, but I found him no more moved with this offer than the former, and likewife the king and the duke of York as averfe to it as he ; infomuch that I thought proper at the fame audience which I had of them, in particular to acquaint them, that my power went no farther, and. that I had orders from your majefty, in cafe they were not pleafed with thefe conditions, I fhould take my leave, and for that end I did t^e my conge, then, and defired a yatch to carry me to Holland* which was granted me *, and as I am of opinion that they will abate nothing of the ready money, there was no occafion to enter into a difcufilon of the reci- , j^rocal affurances, to.be givea fgr the punftual -0-^- .^--^^^ -- execution -^a(iA:m-i. t ' of Count d'E ST Jt AD Es, 277 execution of the treaty, and I think of departing from hence the 23d or 24th, as not believing your majefty has any thing further to add after the terms in which you write me of your refolutions, viz. that the Hate of your affairs would not al- low of your adding one hundred thoufand livres to the two millions to be paid down, and that you would rather break off the affair intirely than comply. -jj-jVfj?; *t:^T\j' '5T, ?'t4^''-r"i"i'. :,. ■ •^ntfi'-}:J. h-': zu^ I am, &C. ■''i.y-jitv.-Hu .^i*^i>i, ■,(■' it Sire, "i -lyUl^ '" ..:i'd ^lh.\ -;i::V; To the king.--';^:i^.':^v ■ V;'.--'-; *'^ ■ •■■■!' - •■ • '^\fj '.' '. 7,^;jfl • i 7« ,•; ' ■ ' .« * ' London, Sept. 25, 1662. I Informed your majefty by my laft difpatch of the 2ift of this month, how the treaty had broke off on account of the terms of payment, and the king of England having declared to me that he could not otherwife agree, neither could it fuit him, • as he fold Dinkirk merely out of necef- fity and for paying off what he ov/es ; this conver' lation, he twice reiterated in two conferences, which I have fmce had with him, I made the fame anfwers I wrote your majefty I had formerly done i I thought it proper to take my leave of him, the duke of York, the queen, and the chancel- lor, I fhipped my fervants and baggage on board a Dutch velTel, and as I was ready to depart, the chancellor fent Mr. Beling to me, begging to fee me before I embarked ; I went to his houfe where I found the king of En^ and, who told me he was very much concerned that I Ihould go away without concluding any thing. > T 3 . I told \ 1 ^yS Letters an^ Negotiations I told him that yqujr majcfty had been very fair ana condefcending in olFerihg five millioni foi' Dunkirk, two miUions down, land th^ other three to be paid in two years time, whieing a treaty betwieen twd kings, and that you Kid the fatisfadtlpn of havmg done to the utmpft of your power, con- iiderin^ tjie prefeiit fkyation of your affairs. The king of England told me he had thought of an expejdient, which was to give him a fccu- rity in London, fo as that he may tranfa<5k this affair, and raife money on it, on condition that your majefty and he Ihould each pay half for ad- vancing the money. I told him I could not agree to this article, but that if he would be at the charge himfelf, I of- fered to fend a courier on that condition to know your majefty's pleafure thereon. After a good deal of reafoning pro and con on this head with * the chancellor, and perceiving I would not yield, to this the king of England con- fented to bear all the lofs by himfelf; r thought proper at the fame time, to clear up all the difficulties which relate to this treaty, and begun by denianding a guarrantee in cafe the Spaniards ihould complain of this acquifition, and attack Dunkirk as belonging to their domi- nions ; in which cafe your majefty expcfted him to affift you with all his naval force, That an exadl inventory Ihould be delivered of alj the cannon and ammunition in the place, without allowing any part to be removed, That the town fhall be put into your majefty's hands, or into the hands of fuch as you ffiali appoint, before pay- ment of the two millions, which fhall pundually be paid to any whom the king of England fhall to receive it. .... .».i/.* ,u ,..=.^ ■ ; . i„ ■ -i^ 0, ■ r . Ifo which^ anfwer was made, that the kin^ of England would every way gugrrantee pupki^]^ for One year, and ^hat if yoi^r majefty would en,ter into an offenfive leaguje, ahd mutual gua,rrantee of each others rights, he would alfo enter int9 i perpetual guarrahtee of Punkirk; bujt that h? <(X)ukl not 0n any other terms, as being wjlajt th^ parliament would never copjfent to tut agree^ to the fecond and third articles, ~ *^ ' ^ ■ Your majefty will pleafe to write me by thi^ courier your ultimate intentions on this aflTa^r, which ihall be puridlually executed ^y, ^c; ;*' «5 . **«*-. t i tiKfi .4^i^., The king to count d'Eftrades.r, ^f-v '!'?':•;' iv.*' •>(: i?.: >;'» Paris OA. 27, 1662. BAtailHer arrived liere the 29th paift at night, and gave me an account what turn your negotia- tion had taken, as you was on the point of de- parting for the Hague, and upon what footing you have now put it ; I fend him back ^witji tji6 fame diligence, and refer to him to inform you of the infuperable difficulties which have occurred, as was intended to engage the Simonites, Dib.ufti's correfpondents upon any of the moft advantageous terms of conditions that were offered to thern. But their obftinacy has been the occafiori of my fending another merchant not only more trada- ble, but of* more credit than they are, as being one that may command the purfes of the richeft merchants in Amfterdam, and I believe alfo in London •, fo that I am perfuaded, that either by the lift of merchants given you by the chancellor, or others by which he may be as w:ell fatisfied, as T 4 with \ ', I' 980 Letters and Negotiations yfkh them the bulinefs may be fpeedily conclud- ed} for at Icaft it is certain, that this man could eafier raife one hundred thoufand livres in one day, than Simonnet could a thoufand piftole&, There will be only a flight alteration to be ad- juftedi which is what I wrote you, that the pay- ments for the two fuccceding years, be made at four equal terms quarterly, but the faid merchant could not be brought to agree to this ; but that the million and a haU fliould be pad every year at one payment, on the laft day of Odlober each year. Tne faid merchant takes poft from hence, and will be with you as foon as Batailler, or the day after at molt j and will deliver you a letter from the fieur Colbert, by which you will know him, and may give him all credence. After you have difcourfed with him, and the chancellor is fatisfied, as I hope he will be about him, loofe no time to have the treaty figned ac- cording to the powers given you, and immedi^ ately after fend it to me by fome courier that can^- tnake more hafte than Batailler, However, that you may fully know my intenT tions, J will inform you of all the meafures "which I have taken for the execution of this affair, After I have received the treaty by the faid courier, I fhall order the ratification to be im- mediately expeded, which I fhall fend you with the fame difpatch, and the fame day without waiting till the ratifications be exchanged with you ; I Ihall, to fave time, order the two millions in fpecie, to be fent from hence, fo that it may arrive at Calais in feven pr eight days.' So foon 4s you have received my ratification, and have exchanged it with the king my brother, you are to advife me of it by another courier, anq kt om from London, and repair to Gravelines, /and :.; ^,-JkM^-JtKA:^ of Count d'EsTRADES. 281 and from thence give orders to the troops in the Boulonefe to march, whom I have appointed to garrifon Dunkirk and its two forts, and to obey you in whatever you command. I dcfire that you yourfelf be the perfon who fhall take pofleffion of the place in my name, and for that end I (hall with the ratification fend you orders for the forces and a new power to receive the place, which fhall be relative to the treaty and the date of it, which is the reafon I cannot fooner fend you thefe dif- patches, befides that they will not be neceffary until the time you can make ufe of them. I had from the beginning of this negotiation, in cafe it ihould fucceed, taken a refolution, for the fame reafons you have hinted at in your letter to go \n perfon toJDunkirk on this occafion, and I fhould have been glad to have received the place from the hands of my brother the duke of York, who has a6ted in this affair with fo much affedlion ; but you can judge, that difficulties may ariie without my brother's being the caufe, or delays in ^he execution, particularly as there is fo much owing to the garrifon, prudence will not allow me to flir from hence before I be advifed that the place is actually delivered. This will not hinder me from fending away fome iiay, before my houlhold and moft of the court to Abbeville, to fave fo much time in my jourftey ; which I give you notice of, becaufe that if my brother the duke of York defires to fee me, as I fhould be very glad to have the fatisfaftion %o embrace him, he may know that he might ex^ peft me in a few days, and becaufe my brother may not like to flay in Dunkirk, even though for fo ihort a time, becaufe there will be a new garri- fon in it by that time, he might remain on board bis fleet, or even at Mardyke, which I agree, in that f m '■ a^-sMi'^.?'.>..-'?*fi',>;&-iv-.-.i' yef. ■ ^iz Letters a;f4 I^gpHi^on^ that aifc, fti9uld ron^^ undelivered u^l m^^ vr^- vah fo that till th£n. he nviy ftill refid^ in a -lacfc of which he is mailer. Jut of all th^ VQU are not to take any notice. *(» Slorepv^r you arc tp aflure thif duke of iTprK nply ^rpther, or all the honours and civilities poiUi^^ in cafe he choofes to ftay at l^uiiktrV, and SH tli^ refpeft due to l^is qjuality, fo as to have the power , of giving orders to the garrifon, as 1 fhall put the fapie confidence in hin, nojg^^,J^a ,|}f' 9^: ' manned my armies. ' ' Jifi I buy a place fairly and honeftly which how- ever Spain hasn^ver made a ce^pn of to th^e king jbiy brother, and which he pofle/les at pr^fent only by the law of arms, and mpjreover, that I pay for it more th^ it is worth, vou mull at concluding the treaty endeavour al) ypu can 19 engage tjie king my brother, to guarrantee h a- gaii>ftall aggreffprs for as long a time as you can 5 that is to affift me with uich a numbe^ of forces, either by land or fea^ or both together as you can agree •, however, if this cannot be obtain- ed, i do notdefir^ that itilwuld hinder the fignr me of the treaty. . , -I »,■ ' w ■ti ,-' :>?'.!:.;; v;1*' fi <:''■ '> J. x,< .'..'■ ,iVC;.? I if'" «■» ^ ■■■.•*» • .'■/j. The g/'CW/ 4'E^XR/^gl^s, ^^ Paris, Oa. 15, i46«. J' Haye received your letter of the pth, whjch informs me tlbat Batailler arrived wifh you e 7th, and that you ftill waited the lianquier who yras to copie to you. Thp poft-ftages are brolce arid ill ferved, which I Ihall foon remedy i this m^ writes frpm Abbeville, that he could only fipd three ppA horfes to change froni hence ^hither i ihppc ho\yever, that he may have artiyed 4t London by the 10th at moft. I am gl^d to find that after the conference you had with the king of England flnceBatailler's return, you reckon tjiat nothing can obftruft the conclufion of the treaty, provided the banquier gives the fatisfac- tion he nas affured the king my brother of as to file advance of the money •, and as I am fure he has more credit than the Simonnites yirhich chan- cellor Hyde would have accepted, I conclude from thence, that the bufinefr is quite finifhedj for as to the point of paying at one time every year a million and a half at the end of Oftober in place of quarterly payments, I fuppofe this will" beeafily adjufted; I think it is not of llich confe- quence as to break off an affair of this confidera- tion, efpecially as the fecurity is otherwife agreed to be fufficienti. _.:. j . ' ' ; .; I hajire fonie reafo;i to doubt the truth of that negpti^ation, \yhich chancellor Hyde told you Caracena Had opened but a few days ago with him by means of an Irifh colonel, who is ferving jn Flan(ie/§ *, I reckon it of a piece with the Mo- ther little reflnement^, "yyhich you may remember, I have 284 Letters and Negotiations I have often taken notice of to you, with refpcA to the faid chancellor : let him know nothing of this fufpicionj , but on the contrary, fuit your an- fwers on my part, as if you believed there was a real foundation for this pretended new negotia- tion } afTuring him, that I think myfelf obliged to him for the free communication and confidence with which he fpoke to you ; but affure him, at the fame time, that it is lo great an impofition and fo untrue, that I ever courted the Spaniards to en- ter into a league offenfive and defenHve, and de- fired a place to be named for treating of it \ that the duke of Medina in a converfation with the archbifliop of Ambrun above a year ago, having hinted at fuch a league which might be entered into between me and the king my father-in-law, even infinuating as if I fhould reap great advan- tages, much more than giving me one town. I wrote to the archbifliop of Anibrun, in anfwer to the account he gave me of this converfation, that he fhould be on his guard not to fall into that trap ; that he fhould never give an ear to fuch a projcft, becaufe that no advantage for myfelf ihould ever make me fail in what I thought I owed to my honour, as the king of England had given me no caufe to enter into a league againfl nimi befides, that it would be fuch a novelty and inconfifiency in the antient and received maxims of my kingdom, it having fcarce been known that France and Spain, had ever been in a confederacy againft other ftates j but frequently France and England againft Spain, even if they were not -it prefent united in one common intereft, to wit the fupport of Portugal. Since that time the duke of Medina attempted to have brought the fame fubjeft into converfation, but the arch* bifhop broke all his meafures, by declaring that as it canno ; - ^ Cwil/ d*EsTRADE8. 285 that he had exprefs orders not to enter on the fub- jeft. As to the fame oflTenfive and defenfive league, ^ which the chancellor told you was propofed to the kins of England, at prefer: by the king of Spain, # with which this Irifh colonel is charged; this fine proied that could not enter into the head of any body but Caracenas, would not cive me a mo- ment's uneafmefs -, for on the one hand, the kins of England, both from honour and intereft, is tied up from entering into a league with a prince that would dethrone a king his own brother-in-law, as it cannot be imagined the Spaniards would give up their pretenfions to Portugal, to purchafe this confederacy, from whence they might with more facility conquer that fame kingdom ; on the other > hand, the ftate of affairs in the kingdom of Spain, and the advanced age of the king my father-in- law, make me no way apprehenfive that even if joined with England, they would think of break- ing a treaty of peace which they had never con- fented to, but becaufe of their weaknefs. „ . . i Xpray, &c. , u:i I V-.:., ^.. .■:;!. J \Tnr a« 1^ To the King. " ' - ■■' ■ I 4 ■ . i.1 Sire, Kf. ]Bi ,l... London, 0&. zj, 1642. AT laft, after feveral delays, and getting over feveral difficulties, I have figned the treaty of Dunkirk, and fend it to your majefty by this exprefs ; I ought not to omit that the chan- cellor was the perfon of all the others who fufFered moft during the conteft which was formed by all the council on this affair. The commiffioners la- '■: boured r^' I56tea UkSftm Break it 6*, irid 11 ISiif b« fdd, ' that the reafons alledged were fo ftrong^ that the kitti 6r EBtea- M aute 6f Yb?ki W6uld h^ve BeiiS ft^^V »SW Ite rf^ takfeft gfeat tidiflS to kfecW iira « tft«r lli% tefdiultioris ^ this was tftt- dSrerft b ifl the clSiirti Slid JF^biH theridfe ttey mk db(^libh .^ Bf^e Mai a^ die (ble ai!^thdi- df ffig ti^^tjr; His ferfcntits^d all the ^ahlfh fafe- ^^ hil^ akaH^ed his c6hdu^ 6ii that fce^^, iitid i^' r6itd1y ^iinft hiitt, that^^ he ha^viityy- t)ol^KiW iHade \»k h^dtch S;\«m Pbrttigtl^ bferore Kfe had l3fefcttrB4 flii |)roteaibh of FfanCtij fehft hat! a^ i1flMd(^ly fiarted withmrtfeifti Without bfeihg aftertia .^ th^t ftHft ft-iifeh^i'p Iffd Union, Mfifch Jfe !5oki«^ of woiiM bb pk^ocured Witfe ybtif MaMf tt)f the fcreity in itlafcioh to tii'at pktfe, th^t wheh pi bhce fdtind ydiiHblf maft^ of it» ^thotit iny fti^tilatidh or Jiarticiilar eM^ehleht With Fnglkn^, yoti wbtiW thittkyolii- emlily he- thiiig btlt ittttfe cOulWy, %^hicK '^ould h^t eii^barlc ybu' ih any 4ffErt. That as his birh intfereft had made hhh cnga^ iii the bufiiieis of th6 rtiatch^ to fjc revcttgeii ror fome bad treatment from the Spaniards, and out of fear of being fupplanted by tJiejSpanifliJawSLioain England, fo out of a view to his own intereft by being Supported By that of France, he had facrinced the intereft of the king his mafter, and .giveA up a pikce which for the honour of England and its importance as to for- teigii natidKI, wks ihore valuable than ^1 Ire- kiid. JUi their difcourfe t^ey ftill go a greater lei^th, aAditiake the chancellor apprehend that your mk- jefty by bdng; obliged to, pay fo great aiuni for Duttkirki undetftood yourfelf Jiiengaged as to what yqu wus bound to perform in relation to Pbrtug^V ^11 which but chiefly^ the laft obliged him tofpeak to me with fometright, but at the ;v::^"""\.'-i^:-.-,:^^^- :/•';:-;• lame tiii^ dbl , ^nmk r 'Aftet! Mim 1 ^ mm 6 I mm heappearei e^,^^tfi^t totjbHaft l^fiiiiifel! ^th^he S% ,nbt ti it, thbbp felvi^ ^s h let it mm^ flottfe Hiis utr Wbufdprdfe cpntfibUtfe tt ^m With fu tfty: ktodbi .1 mmar Jiifti th^t ^ >^hich relmi Mnl fh lerfe haij a^ii fo ori a?id the chani ^Ve your >(i n im tiri^b aS \ffih ^om tidt ht ^visM Ml c^ 4 mm Sxtmi Bctwiiic your ttdftiity Md' thfc • SkUr I had ^di^ed hi^ mind oh Ais iubjeft, 6^ MiiA 1 ^tM|pc^ td the Whg ^ thfe raniei ftlffii^lett Ate tiimbuK Mich hid feeB fprcad; mmt cwt&i tb 'a great height ^r cbte, Mght hij^ thi^^d tto^ king'* m ?f thihfcihg. v^ 1 ^ifgtt ^n Miii hext day, ahd tb ^ MitMSi he appeared to me in fome alarum, telling nieii^W^ e9rr,.th^t after thfe coinfidtence he had piil upon Vt^MJdftfs Wbrd in fome biF the moft Ifnpori totbHpohsbFBititt^aty, He nevpr cbuKldil m mmfe to be Irflbbl^ ubbA by the ktpbf^ Mich Wett todin^ m irM^t i kfifthift into hitni ^ th« He MM mnM m^mt Mih Mi&^i t!Bn^,riot ft) teiitatiirt %l\ich jeilotify • aiid thit felvi^ ik he cblifd hbt Aibbrfrl it albrted thkt kihgdbtti might dgairt reeovtdf ite iffiettV. ;^^^ \ tiim ahrWctlb this in gehcril tcriflk * &ilih| hifh that fbiit itlijd^'^ ihtehtloii^ in ctery Mi Virhich rdiatcd itb hi^ inteitfts, w^r6 VeJry fincfetid t r m\h \mt ^mp for eVeiy thih^ Withbtlt f% ytfbr maftfty pi^ifely in ah^ t)rtte. netfe nais bfcen lb matty turniri^s ahti i^nSlffi 5ii«iis iffalFib oB# mfc tb fealt agaih aSi apii fo oftch tb tK ii% Ithe ^dukfe 5f l^^f^. and the chancellor, that it would be tiaSidns fe i|tVe your majefty an account of them, but I . , muft 288 Lctteirs and Negotiations muftitill do them the iulHce to fay, that their* manner of treating was the moft honourable I ever faw, and I do not believe that there is an inftance to be found in hiftory where, in a negotiation to the value of five millions, or even a much fmal- ler fum, one prince has been fatisfied with the bare word of another for the payment of the mo- hey, elpecially being a prince, but lately reftored to his dominions, whofe prerogative is but fmall, and the authority divided . between him and a ' parliament. This uncommon procedure fully perluaded me that the king of England very earneftly defires to be in friendfhip with your majefty, and knows how ufeful it may be to him, and that the chan-* cellor feconds and cherifhes this difpofition for his own particular* intereft, and that it is for this Xole reatoin principally, diat the duke of York goes to have an interview with your majefty at Dui^kirk, to give you ftronger afllirances of this; and I believe he will be furnifhed by the chan- cellor with fome informations which may be of ufe at any fuch time as your majefly may form any deiigns on Flanders ; fo that your majefty may not lay afide your propofed journey thither, on account of the feafon being too far advanced. Upon the news of this trei*ty, there are already here letters from Bruges, Ghent, and Antwerp, which mention that as the king of England has abandoned them, they fhould be obliged to afk your majefly's protedion, provided they be al- lowed to enjoy their privileges and freedom of .trade; and tnat the king of Spain's ficknefs made them fee that the time was nigh at hand, but if the worft fhould happen, they might unite with Zealand, if they fhould find themlelves not fure of France. The ■MM -imlrnQf mw; ■m tf Count d'EsTRADES. 1289 The prefeace of your majefty in this corner of the Netherlands, together with fuch carefles as may flatter and cajole tl\efe people on their pri- vileges and trade, would produce, in my opinion, a wonderful effedt on all the people of Inlanders, and fome tender exprelTions from you mentioned again in letters wrote from particular perfons to others of the feveral towns, would make fuch impreffions as might greatly forward the defigns. which your majefty may come to form in time^ and would pave the way very much, to fuch as. may be employed in your fervice in thgfe parts J General Rutherford is here, to whom the king of England has already given orders to bring over two.Englifli regiments from Dunkirk, whc be4 gun to make fome noife about this treaty. I ihall concert meafures about every thing with him, he is a perfon on whom your majefty may de-j pend, and who will aft with fincerity in prevent- ing any enribezzlement if you think proper to write to him on this fubjedt, he will return to Dunkirk in a week. It is to be wilhed that the work car- rying on on the fide of Newport had not been ftopt, becaufe the winds blow the fands into the ditches, and in a week's time ruins the labour of a whole month : he told me that if your ma- jefty would order him to go on with it, and would give direftions to pay the gratifications to the fol- diers, he would proceed in it with the fame ala- crity and application as he had formerly done. I am fure this would fave a great deal of money to your majefty. The duke of York begged me to write to yoii to take into your fervice his regiment of Irifti, confifting of ten companies, making in all one thoufand affedlive men. I tcld him that your ma- jefty had already fixed the number of- your forces . U . that "V :t> ' 290 Letters tf» J Negotiations that were to be kept on foot, and had been ob- liged to difband feveral old corps, as not being able to entertain any more, and believed that it could not be complied with. He faid, that if your majefty would grant him this favour, he would take care it ihould be no additional expence to you, as there were already in your fervice two regiments of Irilh, to wit Jufquin, probably Inchequin, and Hellon, both very weak, which cannot be recruited ; that if your majefty would incorporate them into his regiment, they would only be then one inftead Qi two regiments, and the expence much the fame) as he is very deiirous to nave a regiment in your fervice called by his name, and tnat he will take particular care to h'ave it kept com- plete. He feemed by his fpeaking to have this fo much at heart, that I thought myfelf obliged to let your majefty know all that he faid on this fub- je6l:, beftde that he feemed to fpeak with fo much candour, that I thought it might leffen^ your ac- knowledgnient, if I mould conceal any part of his fo earneft requeft. I humbly beg your majefty to let me know by the return or this courier, what refolution you may take on this affair, be- caufe if you do not agree to take it into your fer- vice, he muft be acquainted in time in order to its being brought over to England with the reft of the garrifon. laft night Sir Thomas Bennet was declared fe- cretary of ftate ; the king ordered him to go to the chancellor, and to live in good terms with him j but I believe the friendftiip between them will not be very fincere. I Ihall explain all the intrigues at this court, when I have the honour of feeing you, ftill hoping you have not changed your refo- lution of coming to Dunkirk, at fo favourable a conjunftur^. I am obliged to acquaint your ma- .■,^:, in ob- being that it nt him [ be no already to wit iy both that if ito his inilead ach the egiment tnat he pt com- e this fo jliged to this fub- fo much your ac- part of majefty courier, 'air, be- ^our fer- ler to its ; reft of lared fe- ^o to the th him; will not intrigues )f feeing )ur refo- krable a rour ma- jefty jefty that M* Beling has had a great ihare in the whole conduct of this negotiation, and I hope you will beftow on him fome mark of your bounty ; if you think proper to give it in charge to my cou- rier, I will give it to him before I leave this place, or he fets out for Rome, whither he goes to fol- licit a cardinal's hat for the lord Aubigny, and tp make the queen's compliments of obeifance. As foon as I receive the ratification which I wait for and have exchanged it, I fhall difpatch another courier to your majefty. After figning the treaty, the chancellor told me that there was a report ftronger than ever, both at court and among the people, that your majefty would forget what the king of England had done to oblige you, as foon as you had Dunkirk in pofleflion, which had already excited murmurings againft him ; and they give out that the king would have no fupplies from the parliament or people in cafe this affair fhould occauon any diftur^- bance in the kingdom, and as he had a greater hand in this than any perfon, fo he would have the greateft (hare of thv- '. ame, and might hap- pen to be the firft who might be reproached by the king his mafter-, that to deliver him from this apprehepfion, he Ihould be infinitely oblige^ to your majefty if you would be pleafed to write to him a letter, declaring a civil acknowledgment of the obliging manner of his proceeding m this affair, and at the fame time, to make fome civil otftirs in cafe this affair Ihould be followed by any bad confequences, whic?) offers fhould not bring you under any engagements, but might notwithftanding be of ufe. If your majefty agrees to this opinion, and think proper to fend me fucb a letter by the return of the courier, 1 forefee that it will be of great fervice to the kinjg of Eng- U 2 land. :Mir, & 292 Letters and Negotiations land, aiid that the chancellor will be thereby ftrensthened againd the attacks of the malecon- tcnt ration. 1 ' He told me, further this morning, that moft of ' the merchants of the city of London, had come up to Whitehall to complain of this treaty, which is now made public and among the grievances they complain of, the chief is that Dunkirk will become the retreat of all the corfairs or privateers, as foon as it comes into your majefly's hands, and that thereby all their trade will be ruined. That the king had given them for anfwer, that he had made the treaty with a king, who was his rela- tion and friend, who would deem it his intereft to maintain a good correfpondence with him and his fubjefts, and that he might aflure them that nothing would happen of what they apprehended, but that to confirm this affurance, and to put a ftop to all the rumours, he wilhed your ma- jelfy would publiih a new ordonnance againft pri- vateers or corfairs, which the king of England would make proper ufe of to umdeceive. thefc Deoole 'm-i^-vfm^ri^ztii '^-mp.miK-' , If this be what your majefty can do, as I fee no inconveniency, once you . are mafter of the place i and take occafion front thence to make an ofFenfive article of it, in the firft difpatch you honour me with, I Ihall thereby have an eafy opportunity to oblige the king or England. -im^jM^^W- .^f'U&m -i^mnVn^^^ am, .Ofc. 'ir.'WH'-'B'ff The cf Ccunt d'ESTRADES. 29s The king to count d'Eftrades. Paris, Oft. 30, 1662. YOur courier arrived here at day-break this morning, who freed me from the uneafinefs I was under lor three days paft, not hearing fur- ther after what you wrote me by your difpatch of the 23d, that all the articles of the treaty were concluded, and that there remained nothing to complete the whole, but the ceremony of fmging: I underftand by yours, the reafons of this being delayed longer than you expefted, and compre- hend the difficulties you had to furmount, which have retarded the final conciufion of it ; and that none could have aded with more prudence than you have done, and fhall take an opportunity to exprefs more particularly my fatistadlvon, and how much I am obliged by this important fer- vice when I fee you at Dunkirk, whither I purpofe to go as foon as I have an account of my troops, having taken poflefllon of it. The fieur Tellier, fends you the ratification of the faid treaty, but as neither in the copy you have fent, nor the original figned by the Englilh commifTioners, nor could I certainly know whether, in the other original, which is v/hat I muft fignin the fame terms, you have made ufeof, there is any men* tion mad 2 in the preamble, that the propofal came firft from the king of England. I have ordered two different ratifications to be made out and fent to you, that you may make ufe of that one which fliall be moft agreeable to the treaty which you have figned. For although I have uied this pre- caution, that in all events the exchange of the ratification may not be retarded. I put no ftrefs on this difference, and am indifferent whither it U 3 be V t •ney mould " be paid at the fame time the places Ihould be deli- vered up to me } befidcs that, it is not prafbicable, for one or the other muft precede. I fhould make no difficulty to put the fame con- fidence in the king my brother, he is willing to put in me, if I was as fully affured that it was in his power to put me in poflefHon of the place, as • he may be aifured that I can pay the money ; l)ecaufe he may fend whom he pieaies to fee, and even to co^ it the money at Calais ; and I defire you wouki affure him, that I have the fame opi- nion of him, as he has of me ; but that he may very well conceive, that in the prefent cafe (as I think I have formerly wrote to you) that what each of us is to perform, is not equally in our power ; . becaufe the execution of my orders, as the money is ready, depends only on me, and that of the^ king my brother depends on a garrifon, which . may occafion fome difficulty, as he himfdf has owned to you, by the precaution he has taken al- ready, by withdrawing two regiments of the gar- rifon who had begun to murmur, upon the rumour of this treaty. However, as a farther proof of my lincerity, and in return to the king my brother's candour, I agree and confent as I have hinted above, that he fend what number of perfons he pleafes to Calais to count the money, to fee it put into bags and embaled, to have a conflant guard upon it, and not to lofe fight of it, until it arrives at the gates of Dunkirk •, and to be carried into the town at the fame inftant my troops enter, and to be put diredly on board his Ihips. U 4 I wrote .•■ I W %. * .* • ,#: ■;^ ■m.. •, : -i.,. 196 Letters and Negotiations 1 wrote to day by cxprcfs to the ficur Ruther- ford, recommending to him that nothii;^ be em- bezzled, and to intimate to him, that he will do me pleafure, by c6ntinuing to carry on the works towards Newport, according to the information he gave you, and for that end, have fent by the fame ^ perfon money to pay the foldiers for their day la- bour. You may acquaint my brother the duke of York, that purely on his account, and not that , I have occailon for them, 1 will take into my pay , and continue under his name, the Irilh regiment, according to the requeft he made to you. He has acted fo obliging a part to me in this affair, that I fhould be glad to give greater proofs of the fenfc I have of it, waiting the time I can alTure him of this by word of mouth. I think it needlefs to tell you, that this regiment is not to remain at Dunkirk, after the place k delivered to me, my defign being to quarter it in fome other garrifons of my king- , dom. This courier wilt deliver you a prefent for M. /feeling, to whom you will fignify, that I Ihall be t glad on all occafions to teftify my affeftion. To conclude •, you are to aflure the king my brother, that I ^m about publifhing fo fevere an order againft privateers, that his fubjefts never ihall have occafion to blame him for Dunkirk's ' being in my hands ; and though for a long time, there has not been a privateer in any of my har- bours, I am willing to give all fatisfa<5lion to the king my brother, to enable him to quiet his fub- jefts on that head, &t. ^f^ • citjf "i?^^■'^^:■rT- Count ff Count d*E 8 T R A D rs.* 2 97 ny pay ;imcnt, He has r, that ic fenfe of this ill you, inkirk, [1 being jr king- ifor M. hall be ngmy irere an never nkirk's time, [y har- tothe lis fub' I Count V, Count d'Eftradcs to the king. Sire, . Nov. 6, 1662. MY courier returned on Saturday the 4th, and brought your majefty's ratification, to anfwer the difpatch which came from your majefty by the faid meflenger •, I muft firft acquaint you, that as I had made the acquifition of Dunkirk my principal objedt, and in order to that, accommo- dated myfelr to all the expedients and conditions which ihould be propofed to me by the Englifli miniftry, fo far as they were compatible with your majefty*s honour, and thofe decencies which ought to be obferved in fuch negotiations *, and as I had' to encounter ^xv oppofition from every body except the king, the duke of York, and the chancellor, I thought it was for your majefty's fervice, not to infill on fome circumftances, fearing lead I might thereby rather increafe the difficulties which were already but too many, and not to mind cxpref- fion fb much as reality. -^-^tx^ ^ v^-# v^u Befides this, I was obliged to yield to a power- ful reafon which was often urged by the chancel- lor, to wit, that k was for his intereft as well as the king's, that the treaty Ihould be conceived in fuch terms as the parliament would not find fault with, and as it was to be canvafled by people moved by different inclinations and principles, the expreffions therefore were to be foftened, and the honour of England preferved as much as could bf, of which the people and the parliament had ery chimerical notions. It was for this reafon, fire, that I conceived the the preamble to the treaty, fo as your majefty fees it in the copy fent, which has been figned by the Engliih commiffioners j and that it would appear as 298 Letters and Negotiations as if it had been your majcfty who had firft pro- pofed buying the place, although it be very true that the propofal was made to, and not by, you. Monfieur dc Lyonne will remember, that in the firft draught of the treaty fcnt by me with Batail- ler in the laft journey he made, it was conceived in a different manner ; I likewife meant that the money aereed on, fhould not be paid before your majelly mould be in poflefrion 01 the place, and the article was dra"\Vn up in thefe terms, but the commiflTioncrs infifted that it fhould be paid im- mediately, and at the fame time the place was de- livered up, and there was a necefTity to pleaYe them in this } but as I reprefented to the king of Eng- land and the chancellor, that the execution of this was impradlicable, they agreed with me that ' all fhould oe tranfa^ed with mutual confidence and good faith, and that the money fhalj be put on board his fhips after you have the town put into your hands*, andmyprefent care is,tohave fuch a penon fent to receive it, as may notraife ufelefs dif- ficulties and fcruples on the terms of the treaty, and may h..ve a power fufHcient for that purpofe •, and I am endeavouring to bring it about, that Mr. Carteret be the perfon, as he is the chancellor's confident, and very well with the king, he will execute the orders he receives with calmnefs and temper. To pleafe the faid commifTioners, I was obliged to agree to that article of fccurity in London, whereas they by giving this up and accepting your majefty's word, would have reflcfted more honour on their king ; notwithftanding which, by a fe- cret a<5t by way of fecret article, they give this up, and content themfelves with my guarrantce of the treaty of Herix and the ratification of it, which I have undertaken in your majefty*s name ; they -t: 1. have - ■■■fk C/* Gptt«/ d'EsTRADES. 299- have taken this method, in order to pleafe the parliament and people. . I have likewiie been obliged to leave out of the firft article, the word Tea, which I had dipt in the lift of parts and pendicles belonging to the place, by inferting the word fca Pid country thereupon depending ; becaufe this was touching them in the moft fennble part, and I thought in fuch an af- |air we were not to give them the leaft jealoufy, that we fhould ever have the leaft conteft with them on that point. After I have mentioned the points on which I thought it for your majefty's fervice to appear condefcending, I ought to take notice of fucn, as for the fame reafon I was ftiff' and inflexible, and would by no means give up. The firft was on the word fale, which they would have had altered, and about which we had greajt difputes ; I judged this not proper to be complied with, it's true, if I had made ufe of a term more foft than this, in order to colour the affair, the other parts of the treaty would Ijave fufficiently fhown that it was adtually a fale i but I thought the term fale was ftronger, and conveyed a better title to your majefty, and gave you a handle with more reafon to demand of them the warranting of the thing fold, as what followed from the na- ture of the tranfadion. They would however dil'guife even this, as your majefty may obferve in the ninth article, by appearing to nave coniented to it at your requcft, which however comes to the lame. -- • Againft the guarantee they ftickled long 5 al- ledgins -, that the king of England fold the place as it flood, and was no farther obliged than to deliver it in the condition it was in, and it was with great difficulty I brought them to the terms cf two years mentioned in the treaty. After -I >V:. 360^ Later s <3^^ Negotiations : v .r ■■. After this was overi they bethought thcmfelvcs to afk of me a guarrantee againft all the confe- quences which this alienation might occafion iti England, and would have, me obliged to engage your majefty to aflift and fuccour the king of England, in cafe there fhould be any difturbance in his dominions on account of this fale, which Ihould oblige him to make ufe of force to fup- prcfs. To which I anfwered, that without any fuch exprefs ftipulation in the treaty, I believed your majefty would be inclined to do this of yourfelf if the cafe Ihould happen, knowing how well you was difpofed to enter into any meafures for the intereft of the king of England -, but that to enter into any engagement, without I had or- ders, was what I could not, and that this article would more properly be brought into a general treaty for renewing alliances, than into fuch a particular one as this of fale ; befides that it was a thing never heard of, that a feller fhould de- mand warrantee, of the purchafers, for the thing fold; moreover,' that I thought the demand fo unreafonable that I dared not comply with it, and I cohvinced them at !aft by thefe reafons, on which they infifted upon it no more. I would willingly have brought them to have engaged to furniih 20 men of war, but they would not confent, and would only grant 8 ; I thought it was better to leave the number indefinite, and to couch that article as your majefty may fee. I fend your majefty a duplicate of the treaty which I have figned here, and delivered to the Englifli commiflioners ; my fecretary being very much in a hurry at the fending away of the cou- rier, omitted to inclofe it in the packet. You will i'ee by the terms it is conceived in, and alfo by my figning, that I have been careful to preferve your majefty*s right and pre-eminence. After Aft< jeftyo tion, ] your k chance fure an have chancel your n Londo the cor tent wit lafll intentio you ore they fee which h country, ufe. Thep netrated of villag feated,- 1 that the I their offic M. de Sc thence, a board tw( now arri\ diforder .1 extremity The d majefty's with a ve you than! Yefterc fufe to <: to prifon : , on have rould )ught [, and treaty lo the very cou- lu will pymy your lAftcr of Count d'E 8 T R A D E 9, 30 i After having rendered an account to your ma- jefty of the reafons of conduft in all this negotia- tion, I am next to acquaint you, that I delivered your letters to the king of England and to the chancellor; they received them with all the plea- fure and acknowledgment I could wilh, and they have produced the effefts I expected, and the chancellor defired. I acquainted them alio, how your majefty propofed to deliver the people of London from their vain and idle apprehenuon of the corfairs, and they feem t^ reft very well con- tent ivith it. ■ ; ■^.,.. . „ -rti., ■ •' fM^; r-^ I aflured both of them of your majefty's good intentions with regard to Portugal, in the manner you ordered me by your difpatch, with v/hicli they feemed extremely fatisfied ; but ttie bad news which has come within thefe two days from that country, njakes them^^ afraid they, wiH be.of^i^^ The particulars are, that the Spaniards have pe-J netrated into the country and have burnt fix fcor^ of villages, that the Portuguefe have l^eeii de^ feated,- that they have not above 2000 horfe left, that the En^ifh have mutinied and tefufed to obey their officers ; that upon this, lord Inchiquin and M. de Schomberg were preparing to return from thence, and had adually put their equipage on board two fhips which, were at Lifbon, and are now arrived here and have brought the news, this diforder muft reduce that kingdom to the utmoft extremity. . The duke of Tf'ork received the news of your majefty's taking into yoiir fervice his regiment with a very fenfible joy, and charged me to return! you thanks. . , . . \^ •. ,. , Yefterday 3 or 400 Janatical fedlaries, who re-! fufe to conform to the liturgy, were committed to prifon for meeting at private houfes to perfon-n their 302 Letters //W Negotiations • their exercifes with their minifters, a few of them were prefbyterians -, the king ordered his horfe and foot-guards two days ago, to be under drms day and night, and it is by them, that thofe people have been ieized. V'-"'" '!"---■-' ^r^- ...,_ ^i..^..^.,^., I only wait till the king of England's ratifica- tion be expedited, to make an exchange, andihall fet out from hence foon after, which I hope may be on the 9th or loth, and at the fame time fhall difpatch a courier to carry it to your majefty. I have got Rutherford to fet out for Dunkirk, on the information I gave him, that your majefty had difpatched an exprefs with money to carry on the works ; I am penuaded he will do his utmoft. I omit till I have the honour to fee your maje- fty, acquainting you of feveral particulars relating to the affairs of this country, and the intrigues at court; and in a particular manner thank your majefty for the honour done me, in appointing me to be your commi0ioner for taking poftbfllon of Dunkirk, and commanding in it ; which I fhall execute with all pollible zeal, and that duty I owe to your majefty's orders. j '\ ■ lam, &c. : a M 1 ■ •I'ifV ' '■' The king to count dTEftrades. ^ * ' ' •'■"■■'■ ' '" >:: ' ^ ■ Paris, Nov.- 15, 1662.'' I Have received, with what pleafure you may imagine, the king of Great-Britain's ratificati- on of the treaty concluded in my name by you, for the purchafe of Dunkirk ; and I refer to our meeting at that place, to acquaint you by my own mouth, with my fatisfaftion for the important fcrvice you have done to me on this occafion. Mean 9f Count d'E S T R A D E 9 .* 3 03 Mean while -to lofe no time, I have fcnt back your courier, who will deliver you the letter which I have wrote to the fieur Rutherford ♦, to acquaint him that he will do me a very fenfible pleafure in executing the orders of the king his mafter, to deliver up the place to me on the 20th without farther delay, and to remove ell the difficulties whic!i may obftruft this. Your diipatch of the 4th, aciquainting me of the new confpiracy againft the king of England my brother, gave me great uneafinefs, bccaufe of the concern I have Li every thing relating to him •, but yours of the nth gave me much pleafure, to find that there was no danger to be apprehend- ed, and that fome ads of authority had been ex- erted in London, beyond what any of the kings his predecefTors would have ventured on. I have however according to my brother's de- fire, given order . at the Irifli regiment in my pay, fhould conw.*.ue fome time longer in Picardy, to be nearer at hand if there fhould be occafion ; and you may aiTure him, that they fhall be fent when he acquaints me of his deliring it. ' ' " I pray, &c. * Lord Rutherford, afterwards created ^arl of Tiviot, af» ter belli? governor of Dunkirk, was made governor of Tan- gier in the room of the earl of Peterboroogh. He was creat- ed lord Rutherford in the year 1661, though here named only iieur; his patent was not only to him and his heirs, but to ai- figns, or whofoever he ihould name in Articulo Mortis. He was killed by the Moors in a folly. Treaty of Dunkirk. LOUIS by the grace of God, king of France and Navarre, to ail by whom thefe prefent letters may be feen, greeting. The .'*' * 304 Letters ana Negotiations . The ficur count d*Eftrades, knight of ourt>r- ders, and one of the lieutenant-generals of ou^ armies, having, by virtue of a power which we have given him, concluded and agreed upon in our hai ,e at London, t|ie i8th of the prefent month of Oftober, with the deputies of our nloft dear and. tv '^ beloved brother the king of Great- Britain, tb leaty whereof the tenor follows. .,, The mt chriftian king, defirous of confirming ftiU more the friendlhip already fubfifting be- tween him and his majefty of Great Britain, thought himfelf obliged to hearken to tho propo- fal made to him by the faid king, to treat about the town and citadel of Dunkirk, u^^.ii|g|f^nable conditions, and to embrace that propofal, as be- ing a mean the moft efficacious, to perpetuate that good intelligence which he defires to main-, tain with the king of Great Britain, which is fo neceffary for ti^ good of his fubjefts, and the mutual quiet ?<# both nations j and after feveral conferences held with count d'Eftrades, knight of the orders of the moft thriftian king, formerly his ambaflador in England, and at prefent named his extraordmary ambaflador to Holland -, it had been agreed o*'x with the faid count d'Eftrades, .in the name of the moft chriftian king, and with the following lords in the name of the king of Great-Britain, viz. the earl of Clarendon, high chancellor of England, the earl of Southampton, lord high treafurer, the duke of Albemarle, and Earl of Sandwich, by virtue of powers given them for that effed, hereto annexed, the articles which follow : t , I ft. It is concluded and agreed upon, that the town of Dunkirk, togetiier with the citadel there- of, alfo the redoubts, old and new fortifications, and in general all the outworks, counterfcarps, right of fovercignty, fluices, dikes and dams, , ports 4 ■' )uf l>r- of our ich wc; ip0» in txrefent lir moft Great- vs. . tfirmjng ng be- Britain, I propo- at about l^fpnable i, as be- jrpetuate to main-. lich is fo and the er feveral cnight of formerly It named it had Irades, .in and with king of n, high ampton, rle, and |rs given le articles that the lei there - ications, [erfcarps, Id dams, ports of Count d'EsTRADES/ 305 p6€ts and havens, right of foil, with all >ppurte- nances and dependencies, with territory annexed or depending thereupon, all in the condition they are in at prefent, mall be delivered up into the hands of his mofl chriitian majefty, or the hands of whom he fliall commiflion, by the king of Great- Britain, or fuch as he Ihall kppoint for that purpofe, and that within the fpace of 15 days, reckoning from the date of the ratification by his moft chriftian majefty, or fooner if it can be. And farther, all the bricks, lime, and ftone, and in general, all the materials on the fpot de- ftined for the faid fortifications, belonging to the faid kingiaf Great-Britain ; together with all the artillery and warlike ftores in number, quantity, and quality as fpecified in an inventory delivered bythe faid king of Great-Britain, before the con- clufion of this treaty, copy of which is hereto an- nexed, without any of them being allowed to be diverted or embezzled by any of the officers com- manding in the faid town, or any who may have them under their charge. And if any of the faid particulars ihould be found fhort or wanting, of what is mentioned in the faid inventory, the faid king of Great-Britain obliges himfelf to pay the value, according to the eftimation of merchants to be appointed of each nation, to be named for that eflfed. < ;. ti. There is to be delivered up at the. fame time in- to the hands of the mofV vchriftian king, or any having his commiflion for that end, the fort of Mardyke, the wooden fort,, the great and fmall fort fituated between Dunkirk and Bergues, Saint Venex, all of them, together with the arms, am- munition, and artillery, in the condition they are at prefent. The forcfaid town and citadel of Dunkirk, to- thcr with all forts thereto belonging, right of fo- vercignty, I ■ \it* 306 - Letters and Negotiations "?^?r vereignty, artillery^ and ammunitiorl, togechiftf with appurtenance, as above recited, is frcreby fold to the faid lord the mod chrifHan king, and Ihall be delivered by the faid lord the king of Great-Britain, or by perfons having commimon from him, in the forefaid fpecified time of 15 days from the date of the ratification of this pre- fent treaty, or f'v^ner if it can be. The faid fale • ng made for, and in confidera- tion of, the fum A five millions of livres, French money, as the fame is current ift France, to wit, the crown fpecie at fixty fols, of which fum two millions ihall be paid ready money in the laid place of Dunkirk, at the fame time that it fiiall be put into the hands of th« faid lord the moft chriftian king or \his commiHioners, which faid fum ihall be carried and put on board the fhips which the faid king of Great-Britain Ihall fend to the plOrt of Dunkirk for that purpofa, and (hall have the liberty of failing from thence when they think lit. And the three millions remaining, to be paid in the fpace of two years immediately following, that is to fay, 1,500,000 livres each «year, at four dif- ferent payments quarterly every three months, the three firft payments to be of 400,000 livres each, and the laft of 300,000, amounting in the Whole to the fum of three millions aforefaid, in two years j which payments .liall be made in the faid town of Dunkirk, to fuch perfon or perfons as the king of Great-Britain Ihall appoiJit ; for the perfontiance of which, fccurity Ihall be ^Ven in the city of London^ '^' ^ • w»i>^^ ii<; ;. ?ti ii,.>i<. It is ftipulated and agreed upbtt, that the fore- faid payments of the faid five millions fo regulat- ed in the foregoing article, fhall all be inade in French money according to the prefent courfe and value, at the date of this prefent treaty, that is on the foot of fixty fols for each crown, and in cafe that ■-^fnr ■ of Count d^EsTKAnzs, ] 307 that the moft chrifliaii king Jhould happen to make any augmentation of the fpecie of his king- dom,* it is agreed upon, that this fhall no way af- *©ft the payments ftipuiatcd in this prefent treaty/ And farther., becaufe his moft chriflian majefty ' has defired that the faid king of Greats-Britain Ihould guarrantee to him the fale of the faid place, it is covenanted and agreed upon, that the faid king of Great- Britain, do guarrantee to the moft chriftian king, the pofleflion of the faid town of Dunkirk, together with all its dependencies, foe two years only. For this end, he obliges himfelf, that, if dur- ing this time, it ihould nappen that the king of Spain, from whom the place was taken by right' of arms, or any other aggreflbr Ihould difpute it with his moft chriftian majefty, and Ihould lay fiege tOv it by open force, in this cafe the* faid king of Great-Britain obliges himfelf and pro- miles for the faid time of two years only, and not for any longer time, to defend the fame in conjunftion with the faid moft chriftian king*, and engages himfelf to furnifh a fleet of fuch a number of ftiips, as ftiall be judged fufficient to preserve the free entrance into the port, for intro- ducing fuch fuccours as may be necelfary. - And if it ihould happen, that notwithftanding any defence by the garrifoi\ of the place, or the efforts of the faid two kings to relieve it, it fhould be taken by the king of Spain, either by open force, furprife, or intelligence, the faid kin^ of Great-Britain promife^ and obliges himfelf to contribute for the retaking of it, a confiderable number of men of war, fuch as lliall be judged fufficient to keep the entry into the port open towards the fea, and to concur with his moft chriftian majefty, in an earneft manner in this defign. X 2 His ■TJ' ■ 3o8 Letters ^ greed to, treated of, paffed, and ftipulated, to wit, b^ween the faid count d'Eftrades, for, and in the name of, hi^ moft chriftian majefty, and the afore- faid carl of Clarendon, lord high chancellor of England, the earl of Southampton, lord high treafurer, the duke of Albemarle, and the earl of Sandwich, on the part, and in the name, of th^ king of Great-Britain, as being comgcniflioned by their faid majefties for that purpofe, who, by virtudhof their powers, have, and do, promife, und?i? vlifP^lig^^tlon, hypothetich, of all the pof- ^^ ^ ' . A 2 ,. . feflions ,„.v. ■v-- -■» "■f\ -t '^.■ 310 Letters ami Negodttioni feflions and dominions prefent and to come, of the faid kin^s their mafters, Ihall be obferved and fulfilled inviolably by their majefties, aforcfaid, and that they fhall be ratified by them purely and fimply, without adding, or diminishing, oi* re- trenching i and to deliv^ and receive reciprocally the one to, and from, the other, letters authentic and fealed, in which all the prefent treaty fhall be infcrted word for word, and that within 1 5 days from the date of thefe prcfents, or fooner if it may be. In witnefs whereof, we the abovenamed com- mifiioners, have fubfcribed the prefent treaty, a|id hj^vc afiixed to it the feal of ^ our coat of arms, done at London the 27th day of Odobcr, 1662. Signed d'E- ^,j^ftrades, and fealed with the feal of my i;^.^^! 4^ coat of arms. '■;•*!> The power given to the count d'Eftrades, : named by his moft chriftian majefty, as his , commiflioner for the purpofe of the afore- * faid treaty. - ^^ ' :Mm,hm. . n iH:: IGive a power to the count d'Eftrades, knight of my orders, to adjuft, conclude, and to fign a treaty with my brother the king of Eng- land, for purchafing the town of Dunkirk and its dependencies ; and promife upon the faith and word of a king, to approve, ratify, and execute all that the faid count d'Eftrades fhall promife by virtue of the prefent power •, done at St. Ger- mains en Lay, the 26th day of July, 1662. _ Signed Louis, and wrote with his own hand. ' The mmm /,jQ|fm^.,d'£sTRA&E»> jri The power of the carl of Chretidon, lord hi^n chancellor of CngkiKl, of the earl of Southampton; lord Wgh trt^afiirer, of the fkkkt of Albemarle, and of the earl of Sandwich)' i:dmlnifnoners appointed by the ' king of Great-Sritain. I Give power to tt\y coudns the earl of Claitn- don, lord high chancellor of England, to the earl of Southampton, lord high treafurer of Eng- land, the duke of Albemarle, and the earl of Sandwich, to adjuft, conclude, and fign a treaty with count d'Eftr^des, for the fale of Dunkirk 4nd its dependetitlfes, and promife on the faith and wbrd of a king, to approve, ratify, and execute, whatfoeve.- the aforeiaid chancellor, treafurcr, duke of albemkrle, and earl of Sandwich, fliall promife, in virtue of the prefent power •, done at London, the if^ day of September, 1662, :^^^ n mrniuO':\ ;^Signed Charles Rex, S .:iiGt o;it (1? ?vn- "u^ rio-ttn. ;. % V'.- An .^r I. u m IMU^ md tkgMldi» ■':■'».■. ■, '-iJ .yf. ; air, .v\, ;>^.^'tit An inventiiljr df the* artillery and arms now ifi dki^ cit]^ ^ dtaiel, and forts of Dun- Ulk, Ididlier wkh the \^arlike amnmni- tidn%^%Pch ought to have been in die ina\ ffmtact the &id place, upon which/^^ prefent treaty has been inadc» and which \ ought to have been made good and deli- v vered with the faid place. ^ The brafs cannon now in the citadel and vork^ of Dunkirk. 24 Pounders 6' , 10 Ditto 26 ^ S"'"" -^^ '* '^^y 3 Culvenns .., 2 w*' -^^ Cannon of iron. V 10 Pounders 12 Ditto 8 Ditto Half culverins (j; ^ 6 68 6 16 3 Ditto . . '_! , "£' 7 Ditto ^^^ ^ 2 Culverins ^'^*/:^ 6 3 Ditto . . '-^ , 4 Hdf^^vcrins^ff^^ii Cannons of iron in the fort. .''..i\j>..l^" '^^^'- 12 Pounders" -^"^ lnu-.i-w-aTlftf 6 Ditto ^ '- a • . - '\r**>v i 4 Ditto ,;■.,( f-.f'f:" h^rvhtT i^.i^voiiV j:>*|. ■• M»f ib-fv 3 Ditto ,.•, lr> ■■:Mbn'i,/rh'::t"I'v:.C't'f'ir';''. Half culvcrini ?^;:,~ ,'_.'•■ fauconet 'j^r.^n ■'r^fi^^jcy'O'i''^*'^'.' The *^ ■' mmm WlFmrn The contents of the proftnt iin^orv, anount* ing to 6^ pieces of brafs, iwld iWH^f jft(MI. About 1600 barrels of ^a^r^ c#clS>bifitl weighing an hundred pi^unds, io al|^MIi9un|tM|,to 60,000. a 8 barrels an4 -r of nutci% i^oataiov^g 8010 pounds^ 706 bariels of mufkct lMt||^ 12 ; barrels of carbine ballft. * t * * ..* " 2445 Hand granadoes. ^ V *% ^ %i 242 1 8 Cannon balls of all forts. ' . j ,. . * 14800 More cannon ballt at Mr. Laval's. ; ^"^ 460 Brafs cafes for demi culverins. T * 140 Granadoes of 12 f, 12 ^, and 12 inches diameter. . ''^^^ , ■ "' ' Arms..y It; ;,';.? V i'tfl/i'l-vf,,.. . 281 Carbines. "" ; .' 245 Pair of piftols. ; 455 Pair of holftiers. •^,: 160 Swords. 30 Dozen of belts. (■rfi 1348 Mufkets. 231 Broken mulkets, 975 Bandeliers. 916 Pikes. 400 Half pikes. 1 6 Partizans. 145 Hallibards. 50 Arms for curafliers. 500 Arms for '^nfintry. Inflruments and things ufeful for the works. '-'..■ ',. ~ , . 1474 Shovels tipped and not tipped with iron. 5321 Props and handles of oak in good and bad cafe. ... ,„ .•,- ■ ,-. .^ .. _ ,.. 2962 Great iron nails. ;> I* r'f ^^ V^;^«?*V^ rfl 338 Englilh Ihovels. ,>k ^ ^' — iiv , > !'--v,i$ Ploughs .^ .5 f^i#» f^f the D^As. 980 A^ibieel-bano^ good and bad. ;^^ i|4 .mUJ. foir demi culv«tins. : i| 3 : ri> , i i ^ i iU, ^ catioii (^ 24 pound. , 24; !, - for canon ot 4 iH>und. li Spunges for culverines. 24 ^ ., for demi culverins* . 1 8 — for cannot! ol" 24 pounds; .^y , 24 '.., fbr cannon of4 pounds. I 500 Yards of canVaft^ V V 40 Dozen of needles.. - ^ ' • J 900 Brafs nails. I 28 Pounds of faltpetre. iJiCi, r of Lead in pigs.^ 14000 Nails of founge* ' if 225 Sheets of lead, jj I 4232 Flambeaux. m , I i. lU,, 'OS'}'' mil f.4'-i*f ^t -,'.-,« f iiooReft,forinutotsi* ^ . 1 :•♦? i2i'Dwk:lantem$. ^L. , ;,. , ''^W'&^ ' .72a €oiniiioii .Jantenisv ^^ ' .'^t^^ii^:^^*^^^,!^ ^, i2 Bars of fteel. . 14 Old fmall pieces of iron cannon. ,.. 2 Bndges for horfes. , ?' 150 Granadoes of 18 inches. ' ♦..f. . , 200 > .'jM. of 13 •» ^rt fefis feiiqf|i3 ^>ymM''^$'^l< 6646 Hand granadoes in the keeping of the ma- tter of the fireworks. ' i^*^^ ■i^^"^. -^^i^ ^ '^ ^ ^^' . ■ 1776 Palifladoes. ^ .■.; ^is^i^Mr il%u^l- If; a* & Carriages for culverins. .'* I5wi- 4 " ' lor demi culverins. : . The ■^PPliir-^nwwiM^^ Jit<ik hi' The above mentioned pofwcfj 't%ei4ier with the inventory of the arms, ammuniUpn;' and ftores tranieribed, are certified by us abotie h jtttrKid comr minioners, and figned with the ieals qff our Croats of arms at London, year and day above ttieh- tioneci, iigned ^ - —^ . , Ctendbd. ,. Soathaniptoiik Albemarle, t^ '• •>» ^^mtmmr.. Sandwich. •• We with advice of our council, and a^er icau-! IJng to be read over to us, the fkid treaty word^ fbrword, have agreed to, approved, and ratified,: and do hereby agree to approve and tatify the' faid titaty in every point, arid all its articles, and figned the fame with our hand, promifing on the faith and word of a king, to fufiU, Iseep, andi maintain) the fame inviolably, without contnt-^ vening or allowing it to be contravened dire^lty, • or indirectly, in any way or manntr whatever, for fuchisourpleafure. '' In teftimonv whereof, we have cap^d our ie^ to be put to thefe prefents. ' ■ ' ' ' Given at Pans thelafl: day of Oftober in the year of grace 1662, and of our reign the 20th. And below by the Jcing le Tellier,^ iealed and counterfealed in yellow Wax on a label of parch- ment. * *,-,.» i^ ^j \ "^'r ., '. . ' . t^i. j>' A power ^ ■^ .!«) ^- *.. ' ' i A povrc^ totount d'Eftrades to take poffeflSort ff of di6^ town and forts of Dunkirk in the and to command therein.' ^^* ■iftii king's hame; ' Ml: X^i ::i^. EDuis by the grace of god, king of France and !^^avarre, to all fuch as thefe prefents may be feen, greeting. It being agreed to by the treaty paft and made in our name the 27th of this month, by our dear and well beloved count d*Eftrad,(cs, knight of pur orders, and one of the lieutenant generals of our armies, with our moft beloved brother the king- of Great-Britain ratified the laft day of this prefent month, tliat the town and cita-; del of Dunkirk, forts of Mardyke, &c. togethcTi; with all tie artillery and ammunition of war with*^ in the faid places, Ihould be delivered over to us to be put and remaining in pur power, and to re-, main with us. as .our acquifition and property, we have thought fit to caufe to be received in our> name theii^d places, artillery, and ammunition by a perfon capable and having authoritv for that end' with a power of fettling in garrifon in the faid places, the troops which we have appointed for. maintaining and defending the fame ; and judging that we could not make choice of a better or fitter perfon for thefe purpofes^ than of the count d*Ef- trades on account of the intjre confidence we have of his capacity, prudence, valour, and experience in war, vigilance and good conduft; and by rea- fon of his fidelity and Angular affedtion to our fer- vice ; be it known for thefe and other good rea- fons and confiderations us thereto moving, we have commiflioned, ordered, and appointed, and hereby ccmmiffion, order, and appoint, the faid count d*Eftrades, by thefe prefents figned with 'm^iM fi. our tion 0--^ "nm PDfilVP •olf* SPiPIP rea-; Ir (er-) rea- we and faid with our • ■vft^ ouy jiand to receive in our name in confequence of the faid treaty, from the hands of fuch perfon or j^rlbns, as Ihali have a jiower -for that efteft froin our faid brother the king of Gt^aiC Britain, the town and citadel of Dunkirk, fort of Mar- dyke and others, and to take poflTeflTion bf the fame together with ail the artillery and ammuni- tion of war therein, of which an exaft inventory is to be taken by one of our commiffaries of ar- tillery in his own prefence on the fpot, and to have power to give a difcharge or receipt to fuch per- fon or perfons, as Ihall deliver over tQ him the faid places, artillery, and ftores ftipulated by the faid treaty. ' • ■ To caufe enter into the faid places, as foon as they are delivered the troops, which we have ordered for garrifonihg them ; and of all which ht is afterwards to take the command upon him, until fuch time as we fhall further provide for the government of the faid places. Hereby or- daining for that end all the inhabitants of the faid town and places thereon depending, and to all the military to do what they are bound to per- form for our fervice, and to live in union and (Concord, and the foldiery in good difcipline and order, according to the rules and ordonnances of war, and to chaftife and punifh fuch as fhall dare to ad contrary to the fame, to have an eye to the fafety and prefervation of the faid places under our obedience, and in general the faid coitnt d*Eftrades to do all that he ihall fee neceffary and proper for the good of our fervice, and to ena-. ble him fo to do, we give and have given him power, com miflion, authority, andfpfecial command by thefe prefents. And we command and we recom- mend ordain all the inhabitants of the faid town and its dependencies, and to all the military who may be in garrifon therein, or in the citadel and fort of Mar- »?'■:'! i ■ w tSj»;i 318 Letters and |.f 1 .^■ I :JA3,' ■ i^"^ Copy pf a letter from the king to the king cf :;. .^^, ..,,«a va« -i-:. ^ England. '* "^"' ' ■ ^-^^'^ ^-^ SIR my brother, all the cireumftances of your procedure in the bufinefs of Dunkirk from beginning to end, have been fo obliging to rae; that they give you a right to expert with alTurance, that I mould preferve a due fenle,of it at all times and on all occafions. I mud acknowledge to you, that what moft fenfibly affeded me was, that you preferred a reliance on my word, to all the fecurity offered to you upon my part ; I may fay rfiat without hazarding any thing you have by this means, as much as by the other ciflential par- ticulars of this negotiation, bound more and more the ties of rriendfliip, -vsrhich I entertain in my heart. Alfo that; I can have no greater plealure, than to give folid and effedual proofs whienever I have it in my power, and I am per- fuaded that you will be fenfible of this, by what the count d*Eftrades will inform you on another affair which yoxx know, as to which deferving your reliance and truft, I Ihall at prefent add no more, but to affure you, that none can be with more warmth and fincerity than I, Sir my brother, : .I?;. ^ ],:''i 'K^.' - , :; h_. • ,. . _ . iW:- i^cmr brother .Louis. To the king of Great-Britain my brother. The t * X ^ ■■*c mHfr-"" ^ ' » i w« w »i .1 I MVMVVWM "" I ' liili|imriwi»;«»ipCTpi i i j .i l l I ii iin i i. i m iii .B^\mi)A'' ^ Count d'EsTRADES/-^ 219 A ' I i,' it-!i.'ij< The lung*s letter to the chancellor of England. A S nothing could be more obliging thaii the r\^ king of Great-Britain, my brother's way of proceeding with me in the affair of Dunkirk, there would be fomething wanting in my acknowledger., ment of it, if it did not extend to a perfon who ferves him fo worthily as you do ; be perfuaded that I fhall embrace every occafion to convince yoiit,' ' ^ that I am well acquainted with the Ihare you have had in this eifential mark of that friendlhip he has *^ fhown to me, and referring to the count d'Eftrades, to affure you more particularly of my affeftion and cfteem. God keep you under his holy proteftion. Wrote at Paris 30th of October, 1662. .-•^u^-S'A Signed Louis. ^ '■-.¥ 07 '>^i;-^i ■>■'' >■■■.■: v ■ ^?j,^l -.in L .':.■■: ■ ■.. '. v > -.i -•,Kq,u-.,-:'>_p J 2V I S. buy:. ■ t- vV \.t H..'' ..i« s*^: , 'it):*???? ':■ *; l.>.-^ ' ''£ f . '"%m'j^^ h4' fm ^^^u4 '.■'IV iiii.'.' .;t'f :.,;■>< i P; ^.- ^n'o^^K^^T p^c^i-rCc^c^n. w^.-i->i-/^?'~^-^ ,0^^^