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Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cllch6. 11 est filmd A partir de I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la m6thode. t errata d to It le pelure. pon d n 1 2 3 32X \ t 2 • ^ m ' 6 i I -1 Y Mj «• f" T V -■-T—'-- fy <^ L F'S CT'0'irJ:] BW Wtf'Ml^XG VITA I'l'iNA .KNI'KI. IKKIKTIA .^^^<* • • ^ * % i*» 73. oat r %^. y-. if- # a'I- o «.. OP "V'^'V^'-' ¥. ■■* I'll QUEBEC AND ITS VICIIVITY. SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND CORRSCTSD. t QUEBEC: FUBLUaSD BY r. AND W. RUTHVBrf, ST. URSULE STREET, ■r Uik_ p l.J« c >•■ *.;«.. U H.itia^ii*,mrjg^-, [a** MOTICE. This volume is intended to supply a blank in the Northern Tourists' Library. It has been a just complaint, that strangers meet unexpected difficul- ties in exploring the curiosities of the far-famed Canadian Fortress, and the adjacent country. The requisite information is now furnished in reference to every object, to which the varied pur- suits and tastes of Travellers turn tlieir research. Quebec, September, 1831» fHE PLATES* 1 Quebec from Point Levi, 2 Vignette Title Page, 3 Quebec Driving Club, 4 Castle of St. Lewb, 5 Parliament House, 6 Catholic Cathedral, 7 Episcopal Cathedrali 8 Presbyterian Kirk, 9 Trinity Chapel, 10 St. John's Chapel, 11 Methodist Chapel, 12 St. Roch's Church, 13 Court House, 14 General Hospital, 15 New Exchange, 16 Episcopal Church, Point Levi^ 17 Map of Quebec* PICTURE OF more majestic features of the scene are presented in an additionally improssivs a«pect in aiid-v.'iatgr, 1 f ■'^•w^BfJS«EUj,KC»l'piiU FICTURE OF QUr.RKC. n of whoa the severity of the congelation exhibits th«j banlcs and the bed of thf^^ stream in every variety of fa^ntastic appearaucoi 4. Cap SantL — This is a neat little village, and the Church with its three spires, from its ele- vated position, being discernible at a great dis- tance, forms a very perspicuous object, v/hen sail- ing down the river. 5. Dcschamhault — This Church is erected oa a lone[ point which extends to the Riclielieu Ra- pids, and presents a very bold aspect to the ob- server. The views for manv rniles above and below the meander of the stream between this Church and that of Cap SanL6, develope an en- chanting intermixture of landscape scarcely pa- ralleled throughout the whole journey. 6i Groiidines. 7. *S^^, Aniic, — This villap'o stands at some dis- tance from the channel of the river — it contains a Dcat Church and about 40 dwelling-houses ; but the main road and tlio banks of the river are also densely peopled. ^ 8. Batiscan, ■ 9. Chanwlain, 10. Cap de la Magdclcinc. 11. 2^hrcc Rivers. — In point of antiquity, this is the second settlement in the Province, and si- tuated nearly midway between Quebec and Mon- treal. The town contains about 400 houses and nearly 8000 inhabitants, with the following public edhlccs. A Catholic, and an F.piscopal Church — 22 PICTURE or QUEBEC? i I a Methodist Chapel — the Court House — the Jail— the Barracks, formerly occupied hy the Governor during the French regime — and an Ursuline Con- vent, for the residence of twenty-live Nuns. Thi-i establishment includes a Chapel, Hospital and eve- ry apartment convenient for the comfort of its oc- cupants. It is a modern capacious building, and surrounded by a beautiful garden. Kif>ht miles* from Three Rivers to the north-west is the Forsrof? of St. Mam'ice ; an extensive factory of stoves, kettles, and iron implements of every speciesj highly beneficial to the Province, for the certainty tvith which the wants of the Ilahitans in those in- dispensable articles are supplied. The situation itself is attractive, from its characteristic scenery* Travellers might easily arrange to vi«it this esta- blishment ; often without sacrifice of time ; and they would not regret the excursion. Six miles above are the Falls of the Gahell J one mile further is the falls of La Grays ; and six miles further are the Falls of Chevenegan, equal if they do not surpass, for grandeur the Falls of Niagara. There is at present a good carriage road to the two first falls, and it is proposed to conti-" nue the road to Chevenegan, a distance of sijf miles by land. Nine miles above the Chevenegan are those of the Grand M^re a perpendicular Fall of 150 feet. These Falls, hitherto little noticed, will not oc- cupy the time of the Traveller more than one day, and cannot fail to prove highly interesting to the admirers of the works of nature. I \i ftfi ( » PICTURE OP QUEBEC. 23 r nor 011- lYC- loc- and iles* I ; W )* 12. Poin^ ^li Lac. — This forms tho lower pro- montory of Lake St. Peter on the north-east. Within a short distance the Church is surrounded by a number of dwellings, and a large Mill, with its necessary store-houses, forming a small scat- tered hamlet. 13# Mackiche. — This is a compact little vil- lage- 14. Riviere du Loup. — The Church at this station is noticed for its spaciousness, its superior style of architecture, and the costliness of its in- ternal ornaments. It displays three steeples, and although not more than 50 habitations are imme- diately circumjacent, yet the main route between the two cities for a considerable distance is so closely lined with houses, that it approximates to a continued street. A small Protestant Church is also in this vicinity* 15. MaskinongL The three Seigniories last designated are at some distance inland from the margin oi the Lake St. Peter — and this, combined with the necessity which the Steam-boats are under to keep in tho main channel, renders the Churches impercepti ble to Steani-boat travellers^ 16. Berthier is a small town situated on the Korth channel of the St. Lawrence, comprising about 100 houses. The Church is a neat edifice m the exterior, and internally of superior ele- gance ; but it is only indistinctly seen when per- iiom sail by Sorel dowa the southern branch of f4 rUTURB or QUEBEC^ ■t the river. Some of the boats pass by this placft, and also stop tor the convenience of passenger* and the transaction of business. It stands on nccirly a straight line from Sorel, ami is the same distance from JMoiitreal, 17. Isle du Pas. — This Church is erected on a lonf^ narrow island, whicli is nearly parallel to the northern sliore of the river, between Bertiiier and Sorely and is seen at some distance above those towns. 18. I^anorcu/c. — The houses from this Seign- iory form almost an uninterrupted street, adjoin- 1212: the road on the hanks of the ot. Lawrence, through the wiioie remaining route to Mon- treal. 19. IjavaUrie. 20. St, Sidpicf. — This viila;;:e hicludes about 100 dwelling-houses, besides numerous stores, for the produce of the country ; considerable q'.»anti- ties of which are here deposited. 21. Repent igtii/. 22. Pointe aux Trembles, — -This is a small vil- lage of about sixtv iiouses. 23. Lim^^ Pointe, After passing Varcnncs^ the sail up the river to Montreal, especially in the freshness of early morniuu, or after the heat of the sun has bee» «ucceeued by the fragrance and repose of a sum- mer's eve, is delightful. The comparative slow- ness witii which the boat moves against the rapid current, enables the traveller to discern the vari- *%♦ t PICTURE OP QUEBEC. 25 ed picture in all its distinctness and beauty. On the Mountain behind the city, the exhibition of nature's dignified and rich display, clothed in its Verdant and unbroken foliage < contrasted with the exuberant appearance of the fields and gardens, and the numerous habitations of man — with the beauty of-the woody and fortified island of St. Helen in the front, and the spires and edifices of the city on the right, presents a landscape deeply attractive and long remembered. The effect is not diminished by the sudden chiinge that occurs, when the large bay is expanded to view, and the tin spire of La Prairie, glittering in the sun's rays, gives to the distant shore a feature of momentary enchantment. m •»^ v^ v%%%%%%%%^ wv%%^ NOTICE. Strangers who desire to obtain minute informa- tion respecting the Civil, Military, and Ecclesias- tical Lists of the Canadas, or of the other British Provinces in North America, are recommended to procure the Montreal or the Quebec Almanac. 9 QtEBEC. l! i 11 i 4 For a stranger, and especially if he has never visited Europe, Quebec comprises much noveltyi The antiquated style of its appearance, the high and sharp tinned roofs of the houses, the ghttering spires, the exterior garb, features and foreign lan- guage of the Habitans, the dog carts and the milita- ry apparatus which continually pass before him, produce a temporary mental excitement which to be correctly understood must be realized. Quebec occupies the high peninsular point of land, at the confluence of the Rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, the junction of which sh'it in by the Island of Orleans forms a capacious and beau- tiful bay and harbour^ From the India wharf, at the extremity of the point on the north east, the limits of the city jurisdic- tion extend in a direct line about north-west to a bend in the St.Charles River, near the Gener'^1 Hos- t)ital. Onthe St. Lawrence the south-west point of the Banlieuis about equi-distant from the Exchange — the whole approximating to a triangle — the long- est side of which passes a short distance to the west of the Martello Towers, measuring one mile and h C t 1 I f V t- c t] 11 a d c n t h riCTURE OF qUBBEC, 27 lever veUyi high ering I lan- lilita- him, ich to int of rence in by beau- of the isdic- to a IHos- oint of hange 5 long- le west and five furlonji^s, or 2860 yards from the St. Charles to the St. Lawrence. A straight line drawn from one river to the other, at the Barrier on the south and west is ra- ther more than a mile in length — and the whole wall is two miles and three quarters in circuit — • but including the Citadel, the Esplanade, the dif- ferent large gardens, and other vacant spaces, a considerable proportion of the interior area within the fortification remains unoccupied for buildings. The city and environs are thus subdivided. That part which is within the walls is called the Upper Town, and can be approached solely by five gates. On the eastern side of the Cape to- wards the St. Lawrence, there is only one avenue to enter it, by a circuitous steep hill, through Pres-^ cott Gate ; which is the chief thoroughfare for all the commercial business of the port, especially dur- ing the navigable season, and then Mountain street, as this route is named, presents the appearance of a crowded and active population. On the north of the city, and where the promontory has consi- derably declined in height, there are two entran- ces — Hope Gate, not far from the eastern extre- mity of the rampart^ — and Palace Gate adjoining the Armoury and the Artillery Barracks. These gates are on that side of the city which is washed bv the St. Charles. From the land there are two avenues to the interior of the fortifications — that to the east is known as the St. Lewis Gate, which conducts by a beautiful road to the Plains of Abra- 28 PICTURE OP QUEBEC. ham — the other is at the end of St. John street, and thence denominated St. John's Gate — this is the route through which much of the country trade passes. The long street from the termination of the Banlieu on the south-west, along the bank of the St. Lawrence, skirting tlie Cape round to the ' Wood Yard belonging to the Government, inclu- ding Mountain street to Prescott Gate, and all the other shorter streets between the cliffs and the ri- ver are generally denominated the Lower Town. The portion between the road outside of the Gates of St. Louis and that of St. John street, to the line of the Banlieu, is called the suburb of St. Louis. From St. John street northerly to the C6te St. Genevieve, and returning to the end of the Banlieu, all the buildings are included in the St, John suburb ---'and the large district exten- ding from the Wood Yard along by the foot of the hill to the western extremity of the Banlieu, and bounded on the north-west by the St. Charles River, uears the appellation of the suburb of St. Roch. A reference to the Map will illustrate this deli- neation, as it presents an exact view of the whole of the city, as bounded on the south-west by the line of the Banlieu. The most efficient and valuable improvements ever projected for the benefit of the city, as the natural emporium of Canadian traffic, for the ac- commodation of the important timber trade of the J ricTuiu: OF qukbec. 29 't At Street, -this is trade of the of the to the inchi- all the the ri- Town. Gates to the of St. to the end of in the exten- foot of ►anlieu, Charles of St. is deli- ( whole by the St. Lawrence, and for the comfort of its commer- cial population, are the proposed wharves across the mouth of the St. Charles at low water mark to Beauport. The expense of the barrier wall would be a trifle contrasted with the indescribable convenience, which it would afford to the Ship- ping — the security given to the lumber business — and the incalculable value of the new building lots which would so easily be made. By conducting the stream of the little river in its most eligible course, and thus forming an amply capacious and safe dock through the whole distance from the lower bridge to the point ; the remainder of the present beach which is uncovered at low water, would ere long be converted into beautiful streets, both for business and for dwelling-houses. In the Upper 1 own, much of the lands being pos- sessed by the public institutions of the Seminary, Ursulines and Hotel Dieu, and for the burying ground known as the Cemitilre des Picotes, and the numerous outworks of the Citadel and other fortifications admits at present of little enlarged improvement, — and additional buildings to any extent cannot be erected. The Lower Town is unavoidably compressed to the embarrassment of business and inconvenience of families. m ■V; ■ ements as the the ac- j of the b3 [TWCi 'S As Travellers arc generally restricted to time, they have often lost the season fully to gratify their curiosity for want of an Itinerary, by which they might, with the greatest facility, view the most important objects, — and also from not having pre- viouslv obtained a letter of introduction. A resi- dent citizen as a companion, would designate and also describe the most interesting materials of sur- vey — and thus remove the feelings of strangeness, and expedite die acquisition of knowledge , This Catfdogue, therefore, will prescribe to the explo- rer his walk, in the most convenient order — tor the descriptions he must refer to the pages where the particular article is recorded — and for liii course to the Map of the city. m m< n© e I. ITIiNERARY. Taking the Upper Town Market House as the place of departure, the observer has on the west, the ancient Monastery of the Jesuits, now used as a Barracks for the Troops of the Garrison, and on ! PICTURE OF Qt'EBEC. 31 ¥. time, V their h they most IS Pi-e- V rosi- te and of sur- ^eness, This oxplo^ r — for where or his as the west, ised as md on the east, the Catholic Cathedral, which is open nearly the whole hours of daylight. The narrow avenue to the north of the Cathe- dral conducts him to the Seminary. On his left hand is the Chapel ; which is entered hy a door from the covered gateway, for the Pupils and others to the Institution. Thence he will enter the Cathedral and turning to the left and then right pass up a lane to the Place d'Armes, where on the east of the Pentagon is the Castle of St. Lewis, the residence of the Governor— and on the right the old Chateau once occupied for the same object — which partifdly conceals from obser- vation the Castle, On the opposite side is the Episcopal Church ; and nearly adjoining it, is the Court House. The large edifice on the cor- ner of Fort street, which was formerly known as the Union Hotel, is now appropriated to the Pub- lic Ollices of the Civil Government. Crossing the Place d'Armes to Des Carrirres street, the visitor will next inspect the Monument erected in memory of Wolfe and Montcalm ; and from tlic promoufide at the exterior of the Gover- nor's Garden, will view the beauteous landscape in the east. He will then return to St. Louis street ; and having surveyed the Court House, and passed the office of the Commissariat, he will tarn to the right by Parloir street to the Ursuliues Nunnery and (yluirch. L'^aving the Episcopal ( 'hurch on his right, he will advance by Ann street, with the south wing of the Barracks and the para- 32. ritTLIir OF QLIIBEC. ding Vcirdon his ri^ht hand, to tho PresbyU'iia» Kirk ; he will loiivo tho Jail on the ri^ht, and op- posite the end ol'tho hi^h-walkd yard, is the Me-. thodist Chapel, wiience he pursues his course to the Esplanade, walking across it. If he has no citizen as a companion, and no other modu ol* visiting the fortincation, he should turn down St. Louis street, and at the IMilitary offices, request from the Adjutant General a card of admission to walk round the interior of the Citadel. Having gone back and entered the grand western gate, where he leaves his ticket with the guard, passing the Engineer offices and the barracks of the Staff Corps, and havhig examined the edifice, he will first proceed round the course of the Cita-r del to the Flag Staff and Telegraph, thence sou- therly by the parapet bordering on the river past the Officers barracks to the machinery at the head of the Rail- way or Inclined Plane, which is 500 feet long ; extending from the River be^ . .v to the Cape, where its perpendicular elevation is 345 feet. This Rail-way is used by the Government alone, to convey stones and other articles of weight, for the erection of the new Fortress. Having surveyed from the highest point tlm majestic scene, affording ever diversified aspect of hill and dale — land and water — barren and rugged mountainous heights, and a country rich in the productions of agriculture, and all the en- circling exhibition of human activity and com- mercial enterprise, which are presented when tlu? PICTURE or QUKnEC. 3(3 atmosphere is unclouded — tlie visitor will follow the course of the wall on his left hand, until he returns to the same gate, aiid pursue his walk hy it, over St. Louis Gate, the Esplanade, ahove a large space of ground and until he arrives oppo- site the Church of the Congregjinistes, immedi- ately below which is the National School House. lie may continue his walk over St. John Gate, and in descending he will have before him to the north one of the many beautiful views from the different parts of the city, with the valley of the St. Charles and the Churches of Beauport, Charlesbourg and Lorette on the back ground. Returning to St. John street, he will turn north of St. Stanislaus Street, on the east side of which stands Trinity Chapel, whence crossing Carleton street, he arrives at the Artillery Bar- racks and the Armoury — the latter of which may be inspected, if a resident of the city be in com- pany, and is well worth the trouble. Thence walking upPalace street on the right hand is St. Helen street — where is Mr. Chasseur's Mu- seum containing a great variety of the indigenous birds and quadrupeds, A-c. and a number of them hitherto unknown. Returning into Paiace street, the visitor crosses obliquely above to Collins' Lane, in which stands on the left, the Chapel of the Hotel Dieu — and behind it the Nunnery and Hospital, with the Garden. He will then follow Couillard and St. Joachim streets, until, from the corner of St. Francis street on the right, is seen St. John's Chapel — thence he will pursue St. 34 PICTURE OF QUEBEC, George street to the Grand Battery, where he will survey the prospect at the very end of the promontory — then on his left, as he walks to-^ wards the south, are the Grand Battery, and on his right the wall of the Seminary Garden, until he arrives at an open space : in front stands the ancient Palace of the Catholic Bishop, now used Hn the Houses of the Provincial Parliament. A commodious north west wing is now erecting at a cost of ^£9000, which will, when erected, intercept the view given in our plate. Following the Semina- ry wall and crossing the area, and ascending the Steps, at the house opposite the Post Office, for- merly the Masonic Hall, the explorer will disco- ver a remarkable characteristic inscription. (2) Having thence crossed Fort street — on the right hand dwells the Catholic Coajutor and Cu- r6 — and immedintely behind is the east end of the Seminary, to which there is a short avenue, where is the residence of the Catholic Bishop — whence following the Cathedral the traveller re- ttirns to the Market Place. Those visitors who are desirous to trace the precise spots where Wolfe and Montgomery fell, must procure a guide to designate them. ( 3 ) In the Lower Town, the only objects Avhich me- ri^ notice besides the inclined Plane or Rail wav to the Citc/lel, are the Exchange Reading Room, the Fire Office Buildings, in which is the Quebec Bank, and the Quebec Library — and the new Custom House now erecting. inCTURE OF QCEBEO. 35 The troops amuse the public with a Concert of Music at the Barrack gate upper town market every winter evening at eight and during the sum- mer season at nine. On Sunday afternoon in summer tliey parade on the Explanade, and the citizens most do congregate. — If the evening b© fine the visitor ought not to fail ascending the parapet to get a view of the surrounding country. PROSPECT FROai CiAPE DIAMOND. It has often been remarked by strangers who have seen the landscapes most famed in travelling records, that as a tout ensemble^ a more richly di- versified exibition of all that is elegant in nature's works can seldom be found, than that which the Amateur discovers on Cape Diamond in the clear days of July and August. In other situations the same scenery is partially observed, and with ad- ditional distinctness. From the north-east end of the Battery, near the Sentry Box, is a view cir- cumscribing an area of at least 100 degrees — but from its comparative lowness, the water consti- tutes too prominent an object. At the lower end of the Esplanade, the whole western environs, form a beautiful land picture, with the meanders of the River St. Charles, and the suburb of St- Roch. The Upper Town and the Lower Town must be surveyed from the Telegraph and Flag 36 PICTURE OP* dUEBEC. r> t/- i i Staff — ^because the citadal intervening impedes the view of them from (he most elevated part of the Cape. With this exception there the eye expa- tiates with unfailing delight. On the north, the village of Beauport, in its lengthened street, with the intermediate bay — the bouche of the Montmorenci, for the actual projec- tion of the stream is not visible, the mountainous lidge behind bounding the view — and the whole country sweeping in a circular bend to Cape Tour- ment, the high bluff of which terminates the re- gular scene on the north »ide of the St. Lawrence. Passing over the Island of Orlea is, the eye per- ceives the highlands on the opposite shore of the river continually tending to the southward, and forming as far as the vision can stretch, a vast amphitheatre of variegated appearance. From the river at the foot of the Observer, the nearer objects on the opposite bank embody forth their peculiarities in bold graphic lineaments ; while gradually receding, the features of the distant country become more indistinct, until the hori- zon appears to be skirted only by one uninterrupt- ed ran ore of wood and mountnin. Immediately on the south west, the prospect is impeded by the contiiniod elevation of the table land of the Cape, so that it comprehends chiefly the Plains of Abraham, the Martello Towers, the country resid^^nces of the citizens, and the course of the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Chaudi^re. Jrom the west to the north the prospect is only >*u;T(?Rr. or qi rinr.c. hmJored by a coui .:e of hills which extend to \\ic^ soutli-wost^ in uneven progress, and at u'jcqiijl distances iVom the River. In this part of the view, the village of Lorettc, the Indian settlement of Iliirons — Charleboiirg, with a dense distriiiutiori of houses and nearlv the whole land in cultivation from the foot of the Highlands, bespeak a crowded active population, until the observer again recog- nizes tlie tin roof and steeples of the Church at Beauportj where he connnenced his viev/ of ihcs splendid scene. The following" delineation by Colonel Boiichette is so accurately descriptive, and eloquent, that if will aid the observer's contemplation ; the pic- ture is drawn con amore. " Whoever views the environs of Qaebec, with a mind and taste capable of receiving impressions; through the medium of the eyes, wdll acknowledge, that as a whole, the j^rospect is peculiarly grand — °and thatif tciken in detail, every part of it pleases, by the gradual unfolding of its picturesque beau- ties. Towards Beauport, Charlesbourg and Lo- rette, the viev/ is diversified wiih every trait that can render a landsca[)e rich, full, and complete. The foregro^nid shows the River St. Charle.^ meandering for some miles through a fertile valley, embellished by a succession of objects that diffuse great animation over the whole scene. Tiie three villages with their respective churches, and many handsome detached houses in the vicinity, seated on gently rising eminences, form so nianv distinct C 38 PICTURE OF QUEBEC. objects — the intervals between which displaymany of the most strongly marked specimens of forest scenery, combined with a wide spread appearance of fertility and good cultivation. As the prospect recedes, the land rises in rradation, height over height, with primeval covered woods, until the whole is terminated by a lofty ridge of mountains. Turning towards the basin, which is about two miles across, the scene is enlivened by the variety of ships entering or leaving the port. On the right. Point Levi with its church and groupe of white houses, and several other promontories, clothed with trees, and in front, the western end of the Island of Orleans, present an interesting and agreeable subject to the observer. On the Plains of Abraham, from the precipice that over- looks the timber grounds, the St. Lawrence is seen rolling its majestic wave, studded with sails from the stately ship to the humble pilot boat — and the opposite bank extending up the river is highly cultivated, and the houses thickly strewed by the main road, from this height and distance have the appearance of an almost uninterrupted village. The country to the southward rises by a very gentle ascent, and the whole view, which is richly embellished by water, woodland, and cul- tivation, is bounded by remote and lofty moun- tains, softening shade by shade until they melt into air. Hence the summer scenery of the envi- rons of Quebec vies in beauty, variety, magnifi- cence, sublimity, and the naturally harmonized ^ 1 ■it wJ thi ai / i PICTURE OP QUEBEC. 39 combination of all these prominent features, with the most splendid that has been pourtrayed in Eu- rope, or any other part of the world*" III. MONTMORENCI. • « * The justly celebrated Falls of Montmorenci con- Btitiitc an object of inspection with every visitor of Quebec. In clear weather much enjo3^ment is realized from the ride, as an opportunity is of- fered to examine the soil, modes of agriculture and habits of life of the Canadian farmers ; and also of viewing Quebec, and its environs in a novel as- pect. It is generally conceded, that the Falls when the river is lull is the most magnificent ob- ject in the Province — being replete with beauty and sublime grandeur. The breadth of the stream at the brink is about 25 yards, and the velocity of the water in its descent is increased by a continu- al declivity from some distance above. With the exception of a large rock near the middle of the bed, the whole is one compact sheet of foam, which is discharged, almost perpendicularly, at the depth of nearly eighty yards into a reservoir among the rocks below. There are three points which afford the best views of the Falls. 1. From the upper window of the Mill — whence the projecting leap is safely C2 4a TL^ICTURE or QlJKBliC- I seen. '2, Having crossed the hrld^a the visitor proceeds along the brow of the h'll, until he ar- rives nearly in front of the whole cataract — from this summit, the viow, with the concomitant cir- cumstances, inspires the compound emotions of awe, terror and astonishment. *' The prodigious depth of their descent, the brightness and volubi- lity of their course, the swiftness of their move- ment through the air, and the loud and hol- low noise emitted from the basin, swelling with incessant agitation from the. weight of the dashing waters, forcibly rivet the attention, and highly elevate the mind of the spectator.** From the same spot, there is a lucid and beauteous prospect of Quebec, with its encircling scenery ; and with an ordinary magnifying glass, the observer can discern ail the prominent ob- jects — the steeples, towers, fortifications, prin- cipal edifices, the shipping, the course of the St. Lawrence, until it is lost among the hills — Point Levi and its vicinity — the north side of the Island of Orleans — ^the point of Ange Gardien — and the shores of the river as far as Cape Tourment. Some vestieres of Genert'.l Wolfe ^s battery still re- main. 3. Hence he descends the hill, and pur- suing its course to the right, he may ordinarily advance to the rock which interrupts the turbu- lence of the stream when discharged into the chasm. In the view from b^low the most vivid impressions of this gorgeous cascade are produ- ced — and travellers who do not thus STirvey tK« ■t wJ tio ih{ mc t'Vl >% ■J PICTCItE ©F ftUEKC. 41 t I Falls, can form only a faint and incorrect idea of its apparently changing i^irect. The spray which srises from the bottojn, and which *' flies oft' from ihe cataract in the form of revoh ing sj)herps/'' h indescribably delicate and beauteous — and the observer who is desirous to enjoy the splendid exhibition of the rainbow, with all its prismatic colours, completely surrounding him, must pro- ceed to the rock which counteracts the impetu- osity of the waters. There in tlie clear sunshine, and especially when the wind blows the flakes of spray moderately towards the north-east, so that he can distinguish their progressive spread as they recede, he realizes this uncommon display, with no other inconvenience than a sprinkling, but attended with the enjo3^ment of a natural ap- T^earance exceedindv ^^rand and delifihtful. At a considerable distemce above the Falls, the chan- Eel of the river is contra€ted between high verti- cal rocks, and the water rushes with proportionate velocity. In one part, at aboutlialf a mile from the bridge, cascades of three or four yards in depth are adjacent to two fme geolooical curiosi- ties, familiarly denominated the Natural ^tcjys^ which appear to have been formed by the attri- tion of the stream, occasioned by the melting of tlie snows and the augmentic rapidity of the flood. Many of these steps are so regular, that they al- most develope the process of human art. The >pe psrpondicular attitude of the rocks on the east sidtt — the tr**e-crowned suu)mil — tho uniformity 42 PICTURE OF QUEBEC, of appearance resembling an ancient Castle wall in ruins— the precipices on the western Dank — and the foaming noisy current pourtrays a romantic wildness, which is very attractive. Observers are amply remunerated lor their walk, as conjoined with this interesting object, they witness the con- tinuous descent and the accelerating force and celerity with which the river is propelled to the point, whence it is precipitated into the St. Law- rence. The view of the Montmorcnci from below at mid-winter, forms a striking contrast v/ith its ap-* pearance in June. In iminediate front, at the toot of the cataract, the spray congeals, and from its continual accumulation, iiicreasod bv tlie fre- quent snows, a hill in the i'orni of a ^wgar loaf is coagulated, varying each season in lis height and bulk, according to the operation of the v/Inds, and the intensity of the frost. IV. TH^ CIIAUDIERE. A poetic observer standing on the margin of the river near the Falls, mirj\t easily transmute the Grecian imagery chaunted bv the Roman into the actual scene before him, and can almost fancy widiout any peculiar and visionary flights of the imagination, that he beholds around him thg t( ti SI Si 1$ M nCTUllE OF UUEBEC. 43 I ll principal and most s >litary dell of the ancient immortalized Tempo. *' Est Nemus— prae rupta quod undique claudit Sexa, per quae, Peneus ab imo Effusus Pindo, spumossis volviter undis Dejectisque — tenues agitantia fumos, Nubila conducit, summisque aspergine sylvas Impluit, et sonitu — vicina I'atigat.'* The question has often been mooted, which of the two Cataracts in the vicinity of Quebec is most worthy of visit 1 and the only correct reply is, both — for in their prominent aspects, they ex- hibit few points of contrast. To a person who desires nothing more than the primary and sudden electric feeling of an overpowering and rapturous surprise, the cascade of Montmorcnci would cer- tainly be preferable — but to tlie visitor, whose understanding and sensibilities are animated by an infusion of antiquated romance, the Falls of the Chaudiere would be more attractive. Two modes of visiting them arc adopted — that by water presents no novelty, as the Steam-boat passage displays the same scene. The most a- greeable is to cross at the ferry to the tavern at Point Levi — and while the carriage is preparing, to walk on the banks of the river, north-east, un- till the Falls of Montmorenci are perceptible. By this means, the visitor obtains by far the best survey of Quebec, which is presented to his re- gard — Montmorenci with its surrounding objects M ;,- 1 41 ru*Tij;i: f;r qc i;m:( also oiTors a now and ]>l(:nsurLib](: hmdMcape to the boholder — and a novol view o( tin) hbnui of ()r- lOfUKS cind of the river in its course below is en- joyed — both of which arc nearly imperceptiblo iiom the city — except tlie more elevated part of the land extending to the Telegraphic Observu* lory. As soon as the Iiiil behind tiie tavern is ascend- c^d ; the scenery is very inviting — and "wlien con- templated hoth going and returning comprises a successive diversity of feature highly picturesque. The distance to the mouth of the (^'haudiere by ihe circuitous land road is nearly nine miles — and thence two routes are used to attain a sight of the Fails. 1. By one course, visitors cross at the fer* rv — and an indirect path conducts them to the west bank of the river. 2. By tlie other, the tra- •veller diverges from the vSt. Lawrence, some dis- tance north of the Chaiidiere, and arrives within a short walk of the Falls on (he eastern bank. The river at the Cascade is much compressed ; 'being only about 400 feet across ; and the depth into the Pot, as it is usually termed, is nearly 45 yards. Many rocks divide the stream, precisely at the fail, into three chief currents, of which the westerly is the largest— these partially re- unite before their broken and agitated waves are re- ceived into the basin : where each dashing; against tiie other maintains a turbulent whirlpool. The form of the rock forces a part of the w^aters into i»,u oblii^iiw dirsctioxu advancing th&ra beyond th^i I ''\ I f, WCTUKB aF QUBja:i(T" U linf of the precipice, whilo tho cnv iri(*s in the fock.s inrreaso thi^ loaiuiutr tlin of the iwolvuij^ waters in th*'ir descent, disphiyinij^- frioLnilar fvjfure* of brilliant whiteness, which are riclilv contrasted with the encircling dark and gloomy clKlts, wi)ile the asceudinsf spray developes all the variety of the coloured cloudy ar« westward hichulos a k)w space betweeji the Island Oil the right, and a romantic view of Point Levi, adorned with its cliiirch and village at the base. From the Telegraph to tit John, the side of the Island is entirely cultivated, and speedily af- ter receding from the last glimpse of Point Levi, the Island Madame appears directly ahead. From Point St. Jolm the Capes below Cape Tonrraent become visible — and the appearance of the Island to its woody point on the east end remains identi- cal. On the main land, the south shore compri- ses the usual variety and the ordinary features of the banks of the St. Lawrence. The view from the riv'or, when eqiii-distant from St. Laurent and St. John, is beautifully varied* In the Seign- lories to the south it is less divested of wood, and the alternations of clumps of trees amid the clear- ed ground give to the scene its characteristic American features — while on the north the whole shore is perfactly cultivated, and completely guid- ed by the circular range of mountains extending westerly from Cape Tourment. Above and be- low tliere is a sweet landscape, which on the east is entirely skirted by the first range of high iand3 running from the river tovv'ards the south. As the progress is made down the river, and the base of Cape. Tourment becomes discernible, the scene is con^pletely changed. On the south shore, die low cultivated lands are thickly settled, and present a rich foriJgi'ound t© thtt graduuliy a#- ( n; rrcTURR or qtjebec. sending country, until at a far distanco in tlio fear, the landscape is bounded by the tops of the con- tinuous mountain range. The gradual ascent, dis- tinctly perceptible from the southern shore to the commingling of the hills with the sky, offers to \iew a varied and roomy landscape, which is strongly contrasted with the Island, capped by the blue hills, exhibiting their varied tops and craggy projections. At this point the river greatly widens, and the scene in immediate front assumes an oceanic fea- ture. After the Island is completely passed — the view up the river is delightful. On the Island it extends to Ht. Laurent, developing a fine bay wiui the Isle Madame in front — a lengthened view of the north shore with its cultivated fields, and forest ascending behind to the top of the lofty hills bounding the view. The Priests' Farm is immediately in front, from which is another rich and diversified landscape. From the foot of Cape Tourment the view to the eastward is ex- tended by the course of the hills to Cape St. Rock on the south shore — and on the north, the conti- nuous succession of bold barren headlands is seen nearly to Paul's Bay. The succession of islands, Madam, Crane, Goose, and the smaller islets, bear many of the same features. They are not much elevated, woody, and with the exception of Crane and Goose Islands nearly uninhabited. Passing them on the north side, they present utome diversity of pictorial appearance — long low 51 i f 58 I'lCTUIlK OK QUEIlF.Ci I levels, and round terminatinfj prominences — but as a whole they constitute a kind of distinct para- pet to the distant southern scenery, interspersing with the smooth shore in front, blulFs, inlets of wa- ter, and verdant forest in its distinctness of foliage. Between the islands appear the villages of Ber- thier and St. Thomas, with the picturesque and thickly peopled settlcxnonts around them. After pursuini( the course some miles, on the north shore, the direct front view is intercepted by the Isle aux Coudrcs — which forms an inter- esting perspective, when the approach is suflici- ently near to distinguish its low ana sandy shore ; church and houses forming an interesting diversi- ty of minor landscapes as a foreground to the rea:i- high lands. This scene displays a perpetual variety of appearance in its minuter forms, as the observer changes his position. The extremity of the view easterly is marked by Goose Cape and Cape St. Rock ; all between them being uninter- rui)ted water. Of the islands generally it may be remarked that they have a bolder and more attractive ap- pearance on the sail up than down the river. PauPs Bay about three miles deep and two wide, at its entrance. Cap au Cabeau on ine east, and Cape de la Bale on the west, into which em- ties the River Gouffre. These Capes are of con- siderable height and approximate to a perpendi- cular ascent. The bay is of an ampitheatre form, and with the lofty circuitous hills to the north, t on Of for J I PICTURE OP QUEBEC* 59 ■ unfolds a very romantic and agreeable scene. The church is a prominent object — and the thick- ly clustered houses at the head of the bay are in a semi-circular form. The hills behind are very precipitous, and their tops jiresont a (^rand vari- ety of appearance in round bluffs and sharp cones carried ahout, until they terminate in the Capes at tlie mouth of the bay. In its hilly ap[)earance, the north scene a little resembles the upper end of tlie Lake St. Charles, with a bolder outline and loftier prominences. This view is softened, by the cultivated appearance of the front low ground, and by turnini^* to the Isle anx Coudres, which exhibits to the ol)server from the bav a mi- niature picture of the west end of the island of Orleans — and on the east, between the island and the main land, is seen the long blue coast stretch- ing to Goose Cape — and thenco turning across the river, here thirteen miles wide, the view from the west point of the island meets the southern landscape, until in its ample extension of hill and dale, islands and water, the whole is intermixed with the maze of the horizon. The front view of Paul's Bay, exclusive of the water, is much assi- milated in a minor degree to some of the Swiss valleys among the spurs of the Alps, both in the wildness of the hills, and the studded small farms on the more level but undulating ground below. Of the climate in this vicinity some idea may be formed from the fact that, on the eighteenth day I 60 M('Ti;nE or Qi'iiv.r.c. I oi* May, large quanlitios ofsiiov,' still covered tha tops ol'thc mount!} ins to the uortli. "^I'lic Capes have a great siriiilitiide of appeal"- ance ; they are partly hare, or partially cover- ed with stain py evergreens, dwariish pines, and shruhs of the hardier species. The high promi- nences are clothed wlih the same desolate and cheerless exterior ; varying princi[)ally in thoir clevjition and tlie sharpness of ih.cir projection to- wards the water. They oiVer a striking contrast with the southern bank of the river, v/hich latter constitutes a vast amphitheatre ; the only defect of which as a landscape is, that from the distance, the ohjects are so amalgamated us to produce an indistinctness of vision. Proceeding up the river, the Capes change theii' appearance, and are much more romantic. They form an apparently continuous succession of promontories and mountainous cliffs — the rough wildness of which is augmented b}' the momenta- iry fflance at the regularitv of the elevated lands to the south. This scenic uniformity is beautiful- ly interrupted ])y tiie varying appearance of the islands in front. The landscape, as the observer ascends the river, is of superior gratification to tiiat on the progress downwards — to the east it is almost a larger space of water — but the adjacent mountains, the distant hills, the nearer land, re- lieves the eye from the inichangeableness of a merely aquatic view. i PICTURE OF QUEIJEC. 61 ta- ds ul- the ver to it is cut re- f a The Capes all bear the same generic character, and appear to be ota similnr i'Miiiation with the chain which is extended along to the north and west ot* QLcbec, Near CH[)e Grihanier the elevation and exteri- or ieatures and aspect ot'the hills, are occasionally very much like [)art of the highlands on the Hud- son, and the upper end of Lake Champlain — only developing more sterility. From Cape Tourment to the Petite Riviere not one settlement is found — the whole shore is too abrupt and rocky, and the hanks being craggy and nearly perpendicular, although of various al- titudes. From the first westerly cottage, towards Paul's Bay, the inhabitants progressively increase and thicken until the village is approached. These persons must unavoidably live, secluded from all intercourse with mankind, full one half of the year, in the very dreariness and solitude of an unintermitting arctic winter. The north shore of the Island presents a great similarity of appearance with the southern — as- cending the river on the right, the scenery is beau- tifully varied. The settlements are near the bank of the river, which is considerably raised, and form almost a continual street to Quebec. From the Preists' Farm several parishes are passed, the Chateau Richer in ruins, and at the west end of the Island, the grand view of the bay, and the Falls of Montmorenci unfold all their beauty and Hiaguificence. D 62 PICTURE OP QUEBEC. By the southern channel of the river from the' parallel of the Isle aux Coudres to the end of the Island of Orleans, the scene is of course changed. The range of Capes appear in the distant north, enclosing the view in all their rugged barrenness, and the southern shore in its cultivation, villages, and almost unbroken settlements, becomes here distinct and beautifal in its variegated display. The breadth of the river renders any attempt for scenic survey below Paul's Bay useless — but in all excursions to view the river the Steam-boat should take both courses — the southern channel should be passed by one route, the Isle aux Cou- dres should be sailed round on the eastern side, and the northern channel be pursued on the re- turn, or vice versa. When the tide would serve at a very early peri- od in the morning, so that the excursion might be completed by the dusk of the evening, it is be- lieved, no inland soil on the continent combines a richer picture in ornate variety than the trip to Parrs iSav, 1 \ I i ! i !| I PICTURE OF QUEBEC. 63 IX. ITINERARY. The following Itinerary was communicated and inserted in the first edition ; and it has been thought advisable to continue it in the present, as it contains many remarks which may prove useful to the tourist : — ** It is desirable that strangers arriving^ at Quebec should so dispose of their time, that they may be en- abled to embrace many objects in a given period. The following remarks will assist them to accom- plish so desirable an end. " Our American friends unfortunately visit Quebec as the last Lion in their tour — and generally embark in the Steam-boat from Montreal, remain twenty-four hours, and then return, without seeing any thing, ex- cept a cursory view of the city — whereas Quebec and its environs abound in the most romantic aad charm- ing views, certainly not equalled on the continent of North America, and affording a rich banquet to all admirers of the beauties of nature. " Upon attempting to gain the first view, the highest spot should be selected, if convenient, as the steeples of the Churches, or any other lofty object — as thence, the whole vicinity so far as perceptible, is at once, like a map, distinctly seen. An attendant Acquainted with the landscape, and who can define the various towns, villag-es and the topography of the whole, is highly requisite, as the spectator thereby obtains a general knowledge of the locality of the va^ d2 m PICTURE OF QUEBEC*. ! i ^■^ I I 1 1 > rious prominent scenerf. When within the Citadelp a position shonld be taken near the Inclined Plane within the walls — from this spot, the course of the river up and down, with the opposite banks of the St. Lawrence, the extensive plains backed by aerial mountains, the shores of Eeauport, the mouth of the Montmorenci, the chain of mountains terminating^ in Cape Tourment, the Island of Orleans, and the Bay of Quebec, offer a coup d'ceil very magnificent^ and scarce!}^ surpassed on earth. " From the top of the Sif*'nal Post and the summit of Brock's Cavalier, two splendid panoramas of the City and country are beheld. They nre unrivalled — » for the boasted Bay of Naples would gain little by the comparison. The walk along the Ramparts, looking to the Suburbs of St. Louis and St. John, is a delightful promenade, enlivened by extensive and beautiful views. At high water, near sun-set, the river St. Charles from the Fortifications presents a lovely lake-like scene, the shores of which are stud-* ded with buildings, lit up by the declining rays of the glorious orb. From the Grand Battery and the pro- menade in front of the Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, are seen extensive and charming pros^ pacts. Indeed, no city in the universe combines more lovely promenades, which present splendid views of the highest attraction, than Quebec. "A morning's walk to the Plains of Abraham, of^ fers the beautiful scenery with its historical recollec«* tions in fresh tints. The pedestrian, on leaving St« licwis Gate, should turn up the stairs to the Glacis, continue liis course under the Citadel, and pursue a path to the right, leaving the Tower, No. I., to the right. A public mall might easily be formed in thi* direction of the most interesting character. Th© 1 i ■. PICTURE OF QUEBEC. 65 , views of the St. Lawrence on the left and front are very beautiful, and the path is adorned with the hues of different evergreens. At the termination of the enclosures, the bank is ascended to the Plains of Abraham, near the spot where Wolffe died. The larjje house at a distance in the front, is erected on the site of a French i edoubt, which defended the ascent from Wolfe's Cove, and was the primary object of assault and capture, after the top of the hill had been gained by the British troops. " A pleasant ride may be enjoyed by proceedino^ from St. Louis Gate, and pursuing the road on the rght side of the wood. Emerging from the woods, the magnificent landscape to the southern mountains suddenly presents itself to the equestrian with much of its amplitude and variety. Arriving at a cross, a turn is made to the left, and by another route the return is made to St. Louis Gate, or passing down the hill fo the Coves, the course may be taken imme- diately on the banks of the St. Lawrence to the city. This ride might otherwise be extended to the Cap Rouge, the scenery upon which steam presents very attractive features. There the right hand road should be pursued, which conducts to the St. Foy Church, and thence to St. John's Gate. By thus changing the route, the whole southern landscape is viewed on the river road, and the northern prospect is Leheld on the return. " From the shores at Point Levi, the landscapes combine both novelty of outline and perspective im- pressively beautiful. The visitor, having procured his calash, ascends the hill, and from its summit an almost unequalled prospect is beheld. This is a ride iilled with picturesque scenery in all its charms. It is on this hill thut <-Jiiebcc in all its castellated grau* Do i "g a s aflgM w 66 TICTVRE OP QUEBEC. t -I deur appears in its grandest and most imposin<2^ as- pect, and especially towards evening-, when the pur- ple shadows diversify all the landscape with their delicious colonring*. About live miles from the city, the Etcheiiiin is crossed, and the travelloi- pursues his course to the Cliautliert^ This ride and the Falls afiford ample materials for oeolog-icitl exploration. The view from hoiow Point Levi may be enjoyt^d as a distant ex(;rirsion,* this includes the Falls of Mont- morenci across the ^'ly. " Another excursion is to the Indian Lorette, whence the views of Quebec and the distant country are very enchanting. The immediate encircling scenery is cheerful and attractive, thence the course is pursued to Lake St. Charles, returning from which and approaching the habitations nearest the exterior hills, the view bursts upon the sight, w^hich will ne- ver be forgotten. " A morning may also be devoted to a ride to Lake Beauport. " There is also an easterly excur-sion by land which combines superior attractions, but it cannot be com- pleted in less than three days, and the tourists must previously supply themselves with their own neces- sary comforts. It is on the noithern shore of the St, Lavvrence. The tirst haUino; place v/oald be the Falls of Montinorepc' — iac besft view ofvvhich is from the east ba"k. liaving surveyed them from the top of the aqueduct, the natural steps should be visitf d ; in miiiiuture these resemble the Trenton Falls in the State of New York. PVom Montmorenci, the ride proceeds to the Chateau Richer, which are the ruins of a Franciscau Monastery thai was built about one hundred and thirty 3 ears since ; it stands upon a rocky promontory 00 the bank of the St, Lawieuco, PlCXrRE or «i supply the British troops with the necessary j revisi- on •, and so stfoni;ly was the editice defended, that ar- tillery alone reduced the fraternity to subjection. Part of a tower and some of the exteiior walls only now remain, "About two miles from the Chateau Richer, the vi- sitor will halt, and walk a short di tance to the SauH a la Puce, a small stream descendinfr from the high lands, which often windino- through a mountainous and woody country, comprises some very romantic falls, where the stream is precipitated in three decliv- ities in succession, and the banks are rich in a profu- sion of sylvan ornaments, and especially when the autumnal foliage display its multiplied variety of beauteous tints. There is so«ie similitude bet^veen this scene and the falls of the Catskill mountain. " Thence the route leads to St. Anne ; and two miles beyond the village, at ts\ enty eight miles dis- tance from Quebec, the traveller proceeds to vi- sit those interesting Falls. The road ascends a part of the way up the mountain — there are seen splendid prospects of Quebec and the adjacent country — but without a ^laas, from the distance, the scenery in the back ground is rather indistinct. Hav- attained the level, a rough path for nearly a mile and a half conducts the visitor, after a sudden descentinto a most solitary vale of rocks and trees, almost a nat- ural grotto, through the centre of w hich the stream rushes, until it escapes by a narrow channel between the rocks, and continues roaring and tumbling with aiigMiented velocity. From below there is a striking^ m 68 PICTURE OF tlUEBEC. view of the Cataract, which combined with tlie natut ral wildness and extraordinary features of the scenery baffle description : the painter alone could convey to the mind the representation with effect. Some ama-^ teurs prefer this scene to the admired Trenton Falls. The scenery around the Priest's Farm, near Cape Tourment, is very attractive, and the sight of the val- ley and Falls of St. Fereole will compensate for the fatigue, experienced in descending to them. To com- plete the Ci:cursiorj, the visitor should arrange, if pos- sible to stand on Cape Tourmentin the morning there to behold the sun immerging from the horison. From this bold biufl^ nearlysix hundred yards above the river St. Lawrence, to the east, south and west is pre- sented a diversified landscape, which includes every variety that the painter can embody. Mountain and valley, wilderness and cultivation, land and vater with their appurtenances and ornaments, here show-^ ing a modern's operations, and there bearing the marks of antiquity. To the connoisseur, the artist and the scientific ex- plorer, this excursion will afford a vast accession to their stores of knowledge, and it will not less gratify even the traveller who only roams for health, the sight, novelty and the acquision of unsullied eujoy-^ inent. I ^*l TiCTtRK OIF QUEBEC. 69 X. EXCURSIONS, Two superior enjoyments both for citizens and tourists are still wanting. 1. A regular and easy communication with the Island of Orleans, with the means in readiness, by which visitors might ride to its eastern extremi- ty ; and if desired, thence be conveyed by water to the foot of Cape Tourment, that they might ascend to its summit. No person beholds that point from Quebec, who does not desire to stand on its superior elevation. 2. It is a great disappointment to many tra- vellers that they cannot conveniently view the St. Lawrence below Quebec A Steam-boat occa- 'sionally sails on a Sunday for thirty or forty miles below the city. Besides it is not sufficiently ex- tensive to satisfy curiosity, or to develope the va- Tied prospects of the northern and southern shore. A boat should start early in the week, if wea- ther permitted, and proceed to Kamouraska— thence cross to the mouth of the Saguenay — coast the north bank of the St. Lawrence — pass be- tween it and the Island of Orleans, or vice versa. The whole excursion to be made by daylight. As r iew weeks only would admit of such a voyage i^ is believed, that the attempt would be highly agreeable to travellers, and not less advantageous to the Steam boats. If this more distant trip could not be aixanged ; \ M 70 PICTURE OF QUEBEC. a sail to St. Thomas, St. Paul's Bay, and around the Island would partially supply a very desira- ble gratification, both to strangers and also to the resident citizens. •* ' To verify this fact, and to represent to stran- gers, the gratification v hich they may anticipate from a sail down \e , rer j they are reminded of the concise des.iii^ i already incorporated, which comprises th^ ^ie^ ^ th« scenery between Quebec and Paul's Bay. H 1 ,1 _i_ ,4^::.iWfcii" twitim iiw>«« around desira- ) to the stran- icipate ided of )rated, Jtweeu *' !Sn^22 U 3 3=A1L ZT^'^^-^'. iiSI ■ U «^ irWJ!, S ,U',T'Z:?1 SKM? SJilTD^ ^3 Jii '. HTiri .?: K..ij.l >v .'anic* M.iiliic .lu rv f r ' • •■ ::i ' ECCLESIASTICAL IBDIFICES. 1. EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The representfition was drawn frdm the north end of the Chapel attached to the Ursulme Con- vent, including part of Anne street. With the ex- ception of the unfinished Catholic Church in Mon- treal, this edifice is one of the most perfect and pleasing specimens of Canadian architecture. Although not much ornamented, the keeping is cor- rect. Built on an elevated spot, the steeple which is of considerable height, being covered with tin, is a Tery perspicuous mark, and one of the objects most prominent in every discernible view of the city- The grand entrance is on the west ; and the inte- rior is neat and commodious, having extensive galleries on the front and sides. It is furnished with a powerful organ of sweet melodious tone, and has lately been supplied with a peel of eiglit bells. To an observer the whole situation appears light and graceful, which is increased by the ef- fect of the glittering roof and spire. The walls are of grey sandstone. In length it extends forty- ! ^ V. \ TA fICTlRIi or ai'iiliEc'i five yards, by twenty fivo yards in breadth ;- including a considerable interstice for the altar and a capacious vestibule, it is erected on the west cornor of the phice d'Armcs ; the chief front, > with a spacious area, being on Garden street.. i 21. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, Fronting on the cast side of the Market place,, stands the principal Roman Catholic Church. It is a massive, iinornamented and spacious stone^ building — In length, measuring seventy yards- and is about thirty six-yards in breadth, l3ut it is rather disproportionately high, and otherwise de-- fective in geometrical delineation. The spire from having been erected on the south side of the edifice, gives to the front view a singular and ra-- ther ungrateful appearance., From the vestibule,the, body of the interior is subdivided into equal pro— p'^rtions ; and on the north and south are two spa- • cious aisles. At the termination of the nave is the grand altar in the middle of the ellipse constitu- ing the sanctum, the walls of which are ornamented with representations and figures, commingled with various other graphical emblems. The pulpit is a transcript of antiquity ; and the tnds of the side aisles are also decorated with the Teadtli ;: he alfar on the tif front,. •(JCt.. place,, ch. It s stone^ yards . Jt it is ise de-- s spire of the d ra-« le,the, pro- o spa- ' is the istitu- ented with d the h the lI ir;: v •aLLjEi. ,'...'.'. ' vaTl" ;•'> v-.S 2'J::&^m7uL2:L1^'!^1!' ^If'^t^^.^'jiiS I .-(*./H A- r.t^tyt^- t i_'. .•»I;,r» . I'.ll.'lr .'u I V, IT PICTURE OF QtEllKCi 73 I Various Roman Catholic symbols and their usual concomitant appendages. During the seige of Quebec, in 1759, tliis Church was set on fire by shells, which were dh^ charged from the battery on Point Levi, and all its paintings and other ornaments were consumed, except the first mentioned in the ensuing cata- logue, which was found amono^ the ruins, but so essentially injured, that the labor of the artist was required to restore the parts which had been mu- tilated. In the Church are found the following j ictures. 1. The altar piece pourtrays the Conception, in the style of Le Briin, 2. On the north is a representation of the Apostle Paul in his extatic vision. 2 Corinthians xii. — By Carlo Maratti. 3. On the opposite wall is a design by Restout. — The Sa?viour miiiistered unto by Angels. 4. The painting above the altar in the south navo is a recent copy of the middle painting over the altar in the Chapel of tlie Seminary — the flight of Joseph and Mary with the young child into Egypt. — Matt. ii. 19—21. 5. On the pillar above the pulpit is a delineation of the Redeemer on the cross. — By Vandyke. 6. On the opposite pillar is — the nativity of Christ, a copv of the famous design by Annibal Carrachi, 7. The Saviour under the contumelious outrages of the Soldiers. — Matthew xvii. 27 — .31. — By FlureK 8. The Day of Pentecost. Acts of t\f i-fi^ ^kt is delineated. Its interior is neat and conrenicnt, "with an Organ of superior quality ♦" « Y. ST, JOHN S CHAPEL* This place of worship stands in St. Francis street. It is without, ornament, and occupied by Congre* gationalistSv °° »' » »a Vi* JVfETHODIST CHAPteL. This" Chapel is opposite to the east end of Angel street^ and is perfectly" plain. The society are United with the' English Conference. tiu TROMArC CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE COXGREGATloy. This h a jBoJera edifice, erected on the west end of the Esplanade." It comprises no object luvJting' peculiar attention«= tnf# TIOMA?! CATHOLIO CHURCH IN THE T-OWER-TOW^rr This building fronts on the Market-place, and E2 •TifM ft riCTURE OF QUEBEC'.' was built in consequence of a vow made durin'^ the seige of Quebec, in 1690, undertaken by an English force under the command of General Phipps. It is surmounted by a spire, but contains no pe- culiarity meriting a stranger's notice. The fol- lowing tale is part of its traditional history. This Church was nearly desolated by fire during the^ campaign of 1759. At that period, it contained a fme painting which represented a town in flames, with an inscription which announced, *' that in the year 1711, when Quebec was me-» naced with a seige by Admiral Walker and Ge- neral Hill, one of the Religieuses prognosticated that the Church and the Lower-Town would be destroyed by the British in a conflagration before the year 1760." It is stated, that this circum- stance made a powerful impression upon all or-« ders of the people. The fact seems to be so well attested, that it constitutes OT'd of tl?oso historical anomalies, which preclude satisfactuiy explana* tion. ° ' f T rx. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN iJT» ROCH*S SUBURBS* Thi-: h a spacious and handsome edifice, of fe- cent con;*iiTicti'»\i, pleasantly situated, and con tain? a considerable variety of decoration* In t^e baci,i? S" lilET^HS, »** pWi|PBWP*a ^.''■StQrnTj CMuip.-rH. r f TGnE>:A"L H(t ^-l-ilX^fc, .»•'« **.v-.... >'t„r,*.%^v„|^*' 1 f HCTVnS, 01-^ QUEBE(7# 77 of the late Romaa Catholic Bishop of Quebec. The Church is adorned with several original pic- tures- • 1 , The AnnHncJation of the Angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. Luke i. 26— 38 —By Restout, 2. The Holy Family.r— By Colin de Verm&nd. 3. The Resurrectiou of the Lord Jesus Christ.~- 3By Chalis, 4. St. Nicolas. — By Vi^non, 5. St. Roch and a Virgin. — By Blanchar^t This view was taken from the eastward. t !X» J»R0TESTANT RUBYING sSROUNB. This cformitory of the dead is situated in St. John's Suburbs, on the main street, about one quarter of a mile from the gate. Attached to it is a 3mall building, appropriated for the obsequies prior to the interment of the corpse, and for pub<- iio worship according to the rites of the Episcopeil Church oti the evening of the liiord's day* m ». ""*» "llH Itl. CHURCHES AT POJINf LETI. O ^ The Hoiiian Catholic Church contains nothing cither externally or in the interior which attracts fegard« I '' \i. 78 PIOTrUE OF QUKIJEC^ The Episcopal Church is a neat specimen off similar modern structures in Eni^land. Its impo* sing site renders it a beautiful ornament of the landscape. In the perspective, its side aspect Is delineated. XIf» THE SEMINARY* Adjoining the rear of the Catholic Church in thq Upper Town stands the Seminary, a capacious superstructure of stone, in the fcrm of a paralleled gram, having three sides of more than seventy yards in length, forty feet broad, and three stories high ; to which is added a wing of four stories oa the northr-east, of about fifty yards long, and near^ ly as many feet deep. It is encircled by a large garden, walled in, measuring in the whole about seven acresp and which extends to the Ramparts, All the necessary convenient apartments are com-? prised in the building, adapted both for the reci* tations of the Pupils, and the residence of the Professors. The course of instruction is suhdi* vided into the Grand and the Petit Seminau'e| and the institution was established in the yeaf 16(33. It was originally designed solely for the education of Ecclesiastics, but this exclusive svsf tern was long since abandoned, and it is now open for the rf'ception of all those who comply with it* terms and regulations* Attached lo the seminary is a museum^ contalnf ^ .(^ ■i^^^ «'■*>;# n^. ^ >*■• ■iiRnM«Wi«?», IThViVIj i'i' J'Crl-i J'U^7.V -fslvilAM'I'i'. t #i-|.;|'-'TAl4 CK'U'Kl'^l, |'i>4l«i< f «%:. s**«e«3}#* "t^l t'# 1 I, ® ® ^> f>> >> /:. W 'W '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 4^ ;\ \ % 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 ^ 80 riUTURE OF QUEBEC. 9. The traucc of St. Anthony, beholding the Child Jesus. — By Panocel d^Avignes, 10. The Day of Pentecost. Acts ii. — By the Cham- pag;nes. 1 1 . Peter's deliverance from prison. Acts xii. — By De la Fosse. 12. At the entrance of the wing — another view of the Hermits of Thebais. — By Guillot- 13. In front — The Baptism of Christ. Matthew iii, —By Claude Guy Halle, A small figure is also suspended on either side. _ 14. St. Jerome writing. — By the Champagnes, 15. The wise men of the east adoring* the Savipur. Matthew ii. — By Bourieu, To an observer the Chapel appears light, and the whole interior as a coup d^wil from the en- trance is interesting and attractive. •?* XIII, THE t'RSULINE CONVENT. This Nunnery and. the inclosed land adjoining it, belonging to the Religieuses, its inhabitants, oc- cupy a large space, which is surrounded by a high barrier of stone, and comprises an excellent and fertile garden — the whole area includes about se- ven acres. The institution was founded in 1639, under the patronage of Madame de la Peltrie, a very early period after the primary eettlemeufoi PICTURU OF QUEBEC. 8i a x\v3 city, expressly to promote female education among the colonists, and the edifice which is built of stone is two stories high, forming a square of nearly thirty-eight yards in length, with a depth of about as many feet, being of ample capacity and convenience to accommodate the residents — but the outside combines no attraction. At the east projection, immediately upon Parloir street, is the Chapel, nearly one hundred feet in length, but not quite one half that measure broad — the interior of which is highly decorate'd. The con^- vent itself is internally neat and interspersed with ornate specimens of a refined taste. Persons of distinction only are now admitted to inspect the domestic apartments. The institution includes the Superieure, forty-two Religieuses Professes and seven Novices — the chief employment of whom is the tuition of a large number of girls iu common knowledge, and other qualifications. They are more rigid and retired than the inmates of any conventual institution in Canada. Different ingenious specimens of needle workare always for sale m the office on the left above the door — and the Chaplain will grant strangers per- mission to view the church upon application to him. In that edifice are the following paintings. In the anti-room are several small subjects — the death of St. Francis at Geo — and portraits of Popes Pius VI. and Pius VII. — Some minor pie- ces are hung around the south end of the Chapel. ., The Altars are highly ornamented, and the em- 1 ] y I!' I 8S PICTURE OF QUEBEC. blematie figure on the roof gives a light and airy appearance to the wkole. 1. Over the Grnnd Altar is — The birth of Imma- nuel. Luke ii. — By l^'igneau. 2. Above the eastern Altar is — The Saviour exhi' biting his heart to the Reli^ienses,. — By Le Sueur. 3. On the right — The Saviour taken down from from the cross. A Mater dolorosa. — By I'nnrli/kc, 4.' Opposite. — The Virgin Mary ar.d the young Child. Pursuing his right hand from the pulpit, the visitor beholds in succession — 5. A cargo of Christians captured by the Algerines —some experiencing different tortures, with theif ransomers from bondage, paying for their release. — —By ReHauf, 6. Louis XllL of France, and the first Royal Go- vernor of New France, with a tablet of the then ex- isting Bourbon Family, An allegorical lepreseuta- tion of Canada. 7. Mary's visit to Elizabeth. Luke i. — By CoUins, 8. At the end, is the representation of Jesus Christ sitting down at meat in Simon's House, Luke vii — By Champagne, This painting is of high merit and great value. 9. Salome presetiting the head of John the Baptist to Herod and Herodius. Mark vi. 10. The first picture on the western w^all is — The miraculous draught of fishes. Luke v.— By Be Dieu> 1 1 . The parable of the wise and the foolish virgins; Matthew XXV. — Italian, 1 2. A full length portrait of the Saviour, delineated in the attitude of preaching. — By Champagne, The paintings within the Convent cannot be PICTURE OF QUEBEC. 83 a I- t c inspected. From the Chapel being generally closed, except upon the days of ecclesiastical commemoration, many visitors have been depri- ved of the opportunity of viewing the interior ; to obviate this defect, they should recur to the Chap- lain, whose apartments are on the right of the en- trance, and who will oblige strangers by admit- ting them to the interior of the edifice. XIV. THE liOTEL DIEU. These premises include a large proportion of the northern part of the interior ot the city— commen- cing from the gate of the burial ground on Couil- lard street, and extending to Palace street, with a wall on the north, parallel to the fortifications ; the whole space occupying about twelve acres. This Institution was commenced in 1637, under the auspices of the Duchess of Aiguillon, and was consecrated to the reception and care of the sick, who are indigent and distressed. It is a capaci- ous edifice, the longest portion of which extends nearly one hundred and thirty yards by seventeen in depth, and three stories high. On the north- west side from the centre, a range is erected two stories high, Mty yards in length, and nearly as maoy fe^t broad, plain arid unddorn^d. This V. i' ■ 1 84 PlCTLAi: OF tiUEBEt* wing is appropriated for the patients ; the upper story of which is occupied by the females. All proper attendance both from the Nuns and Phy- sicians, with every necessary comfort, is gratui- tously administered. The annual expenditures are considerable ; and although the revenues are ample, yet from the munificence of the relief which is afforded to the numerous strangers in penury and affliction who arrive in Quebec, the Provin- cial Parliament occasionally aid the liberality of the Institution by donations from the public Treasury. In the Convent the Sisterhood reside, who now include the Superieure, thirty-three Religcuses Professes, two Novices and one Postulante. The regularity, neatness and purity with which the establishment is conducted, and the solace of the wretched who find refuge in this hospitable do- main, are highly exemplary. Th« increasing commerce of the port, and the augmenting number of emigrants who annually arrive during the navigable season, have render- ed additional accommodations requisite ; in con- sequence of which a new edifice is proposed to be erected under the sanction of the constituted au- thorities, and at the pubhc expense, particularly for the benefit of Europeans who are sick when they arrive, and mariners with disease and frac- tures. The Church of the Hotel Dieu, externally, is perfectly plain, and the interior is little adorned. I 4i riCTURK or QUEBEC. 85 1 The paintings may be examined upon application to the Chaplain. There is a variety of small pictorial designs in the adjacent rooms — four paintings of the most momentous events in the Redeemer's history, are suspended in the apartments of the sick — with por- traits of the Apostles, decorating the walls of tho Church; but they all are copies, The following pieces are original :-r^ 1. The Nativity of Christ, Luke ii — By Stella, 2. The Virgin and Child —By Coypel. 3. The Vision of St. Therese. — By Mena^eat. 4. St. Bruneau wrapt in meditation — By Le Sueur. A painting in the Chaplain's sitting room merits notice, not for the artist's workmanship, but for the subject, as illustrative of the perils and sufrer-* ings of the original European settlers of Canada. In the winter of the vear 1649, the Indians assail- ed the Chapel of the Jesuit Missionaries at Three- Rivers, The Society at that period numbered seven members. Two made their escape, one of whom was subsequently found in the woods con- gealed in a devotional attitude, and the other was discovered prostrate, frozen on the ice of one of the rivers. The Priest Daniel and his brother were shot, as they fled out of the Chapel then in flames. An- other of the fraternity, named Jog, was mutilated by the loss of his fingers in succession ; and with his wrists fettered, kneeling down, was butchered I 1 ^1 n 86 riDTURE OF QUEBEC. by two of the Indians, who cleaved his head with their battle axes. The old Priest Broboeiif and a younger Missi- onary, Lalh^mand, were reserved for still more excruciating and protracted tortures. They were tied to two stakes, separated by a short distance. The junior was literally burnt piecemeal, by the application of ignited pine sticks successively brought into immediate contact with the various parts of the body, the most distant from the vitals. In the intensity of his corporeal agonies, just be- fore the mortal frame succombed to the ingenious and infuriated malevolence and cru'^'^v of the bar- barians, he addressed BrebtKuf, \.h ! I have scarcely a grain of faith left,'* — to \vhich his fel- low-sulferer magnanimously replied — " one grain of true faith in Christ is enough to remove all this mountain of anguish and misery." The senior Priest had lonsr endeavoured to tame these sava- ges, but in vain. They astonished him by say- ing, *' you have come a long distance you tell us, after the manner of John the Baptist, to baptize us in cold water, we will baptize you with hot water." To execute their marvelously inhuman scheme, they fastened a cross pole between the stakes to which the two Priests were bound, and hung on their large pots to boil the water. A refinement of almost unparalleled merciless infliction was su- peradded. They strung on an iron hoop or ring several axe liead^, and placed tliem in the iire ; t i pictviib; of quecec. 87 vrh^n tho axes wero red-hot, tlicy cast the ring over Hrebauif's head, so that thus suspended, his breast and shoulders were corroded by the igne- ous axes, to his unutterable t )rment. When the water was ready, two of the Indians with larire shears cut oti' large pieces oftlesh and made other deep incisions in the arras, legs, &c. to the bones — as soon as a number of these gashes were made in various parts of the frame, one of the savages elfused a kettle of boiling water over the agonized Breba?uf ; and thus in a continual alternation of relendess buichery and scalding, combined with triumphant yellings at their novel mode of Algon- quin baptism, they ceased not their successive tor- tures, until, life being extinct, the remains of their victims were transferred to be consumed in the same fu'e. I XV. GENERAL HOSPITAL. The establishment thus denominated is situated nearly a mile west of the fortifications, on the banks of the river St. Charles, and was commen- ced in the year 1693 by the then Roman Catho- lic Bishop of Quebec. Its principal front is de- lineated in the perspective view, with the circum- jacent scene. Mr. St. Valliere instituted this Con- vent expressly to relieve invalids and persons af-^ ; i* ! 88 PICTURE OF QUEBEC. I > flicted by disease. It is a capacious slructure — a parallellogram, of nearly equal sides, seventy- six yards in length, and eleven yards deep — and on the south-wesv, a wing projects more than for- ty yards, by (ifty feet broad. The uncircumscri- bed principle upon which the Institution was founded necessarily introduces a great number of patients, so that it is ordinarily occupied by the children of sorrow in all its diversified exhibitions. To superintend the Hospital there, are the Supe- rieure of the Convent, forty-five Religieuses Pro- fess6s, tv^ o Novices and two Postulantes, all of whom are amply accommodated ; and besides sufficient and convenient apartments for their va- ried avocations. The comfortable economy of this Hospital is very regular, and all possible al- leviation is tendered to the disconsolate, pained and enfeebled inmates. Near the principal building is a separate house appropriated expressly for persons insane. At- tached to the Convent is a neat and convenient Church — but it contains nothing peculiarly dis- tinctive in character except its ornaments. The paintings are copies only of the originals in the other churches and chapels. As this edifice is in strict parlance dedicated to the ordinary purpose of an Hospital, and as its occupants are generally numerous, the annual ex- penditures amount to a large sum ; which are de- frayed by Parliamentary donations — by the rent of landed property appropriated expressly for its i ph;tlke of utKnEC. SO w I support — and by the proceeds of the labour which the nuns devote particularly to ornamental trin- kets, and ecclesiastical embellishments. Persons pf taste will be pleased with a view of ^t. Koch's Church — and Philanthropic visitors of Quebec will be p^ratified by a survey of the Hotel Pieu and the General Hospital. In beholding the wards allotted to the sick and the impoverish- ed, they will witness the exact order and econo- my with which the advantages of those charitable Institutions are regularly and faitjifullj^ admir flistcred, to its X- le- 3nt its I 1 CIVIL I. CASTLE OF ST. LEWIS. The Castle of St. Lewis is the residence of tho Governor ; and from its peculiar situation, it con- stitutes one of the principal objects of notice, in all views of the city, from Beauport easterly to the Chaudi^.re. At its base the rock is nearly two hundred feet in perpendicular height, and the building on the east is sustained by strong stone buttresses, on which is laid a wide balcony, ex-» tending along the whole length, and whence the beauties of the northern and eastern landscape are beheld. The building is of three stories, a- bout fiity-four yards in length and fifteen yards deep, with small wings. Since the last repairs in 1809, its interior is conveniently arranged, and its superior apartments are tastefully decorated. To it are attached all the buildings suitable and convenient to the dignified station of the Provin- cial Executive Chief. — The Garden is on the south-west of the Castle — in length nearly thirty poles, and in breadth from the wall to the Rue des Carrieres about seventy yards. On the op- posite side of the street, in the front of which *l PICTURE OF QUEBEC. 91 1 •tands the monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, is a lot, one hundred yards long by eighty-four l)road, which having been designed as a public walk, was formerly planted with trees to shade the pcdestri^ ans — at present, however, it is api)ropriated as an additional garden for the service of the Go- vernor. The Castle, in consequence of its par- tial exclusion from the sight by the gloomy walls of the buildings in front, loses much of its impres- siveness and attraction. By a superficial obser- ver, who merely passes along the Place d'Armes, the Governor's residence is scarcely noticed. This part of the city would be much more beau- tiful in aspect, were the defacing incumbrances, which give a dreary appearance to the whoie eas- tern side of the Place d'Armes, removed — then the Casde would be displayed in an impos'i*^ view to general contemplation. II. THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE, This edifice was formerly erected for the Catho- lic Bishops of Quebec ; who at present reside in the east end of the Seminary. It commences at the Prescott Gate on Mountain street and ex^ tends north-east forty yards, thence it is prolon- ged, almost at a right angle towards the battery, nearly fifty yards — being about thirty-five deep, and of different elevations. The wing now oc- cupied by the House of Assembly was formerly a Chapel, sixty-five feet lonj, and thirty-five it^ 92 riCTURE or QUEIIEC. ii B i J1 ^:?^a* breadth. Adjoining the front on the south is the lobby and wardrobe — the library and the Spea- ker's chamber succeed — below is the bureau of the Provincial Secretary ^ — and the lower part of the south wing is occupied by the various officers and committee.s of the House. The upper story is appropriated to the Legis- lative Council, whose chamber for tlieir sessions is on the north end — the whole suite of apart- ments round to the ga'f'l^"i[• Mi'T. ^ n n t iF;irT!('i(,';[.sT rniiAPEi. ! I Hi///-' //^ . ._'*/'/' PICTURE OP QUEBEC. £i3 roomy edifice is imperaitively demanded ; and this necessity must increase with the continual addi- tions to the population, the consequent enlarge- ment of the delegates to the Assemhly, the accu- mulating business of the Members, the augment- ed number of necessary officers, and the multipli- ed attendance of persons from all parts of the Province, appealing to the Parliament for Le- gislative sanction to the diversified inventions and improvements in commerce, agriculture and edu- cation, which the modern spirit of enterprise is constantly generating III. THE COURT HOUSR* The end of the Court House stands where a church was formerly erected. It belonged to the order of the Recollects, of whom none now re- main in Canada. Thoso ancient structures, the Monastery, Chapel, &.c. constituting a large esta- blishment, were consumed by fire in 1796, and within the garden, the yard of the Episcopal Church was also included. The Court house is to the south of the Episcopal Church, on the op- posite side of the Place d'Armes from the Castle of St. Lewis, with a plain and uniform, but plea- sant front on St. Lewis street. It*s a superstruc- ture of stone, in length about forty-five yards, and 94 riCTURE OF QUEBEC. in breadth nearly as many feet. The whole mid- dle part of the Court House on the lower floor is occupied by the Magistrates for their Quarter Sessions ; on each side of which is a wing exten- ding to a considerable additional depth. An ar- ched vestibule conducts on either side to a passage, from which there are avenues to all the Court rooms, and law offices. The building exhibits no ornament ; but it is «3xternally neat, and the in- terior conveniences are amply sufficient for all the purposes for which it was erected. 1^1 IV. THE PUBLIC OFFICES. The various offices connected with the Civil Ad* ministration of the Government, occupy the spa- cious edifice at the corner of the Place d*Armes and Fort street, formerly known as the Union Hotel, and from its vicinity to the Castle and the Parliament House, combined with its great conve- niences, it is excellently adapted for the objects to which it is applied. The whole front on the first ftory contains the Museum of the Society for Pro- moting Literature, Science, Arts and Historical Research in Canada. fj* i'lCTURE OF aUEHEC. 95 m V. THE JAIL. This is a modern building, of the same materials, a beautiful grey stone, and of similar exterior ap- pearance as the Court House. It is located in an airy elevated situation, and well adapted for its design. It is fifty-six yards in length, fronting on the north east, sixty eight feet in breadth, with a spacious yard for the use of the prisoners, and three stories high, and except one excrescence is a pleasing architectural subject of examination. Unless it is supposed, and if so, without doubt, the impression is erroneous, that the continual sight of the iron machinery, whence malefactors are suspended at their execution, produces an in- timidating effect, it should be removed, to be tem- porarily affixed when the law requires the pain- ful infliction of its highest condemnatory punish- ment. As it now is constantly in view, it perfect- ly deforms the front of the buildings which is UDt otherwise repulsive, and unnecessarily excites re- volting emotions, incongenial with the grateful sensibilities, which are realized by strangers, who ream through the city to scrutinize its novel ob-^ jects. % \\ i Vi. PUBLIC WAREHOUSE. This spacious building was finished in the year 1821, and is erected on the King's wharf, being I' <)' 9(5 PtCTURE or QUEBEt'. appropriated solely for the reception of tlie stores belonging'to the government. It measures in length two hundred and fifty feet, with a considerable depth. It is constructed of the same species of stone as the Court-House and Jail, but neither the front towards the river, nor tliat on the Cul de Sac exhibits any external ornament. VII. THE INTEND ANT'S PALACE. This ancient edifice used by the former French Administration is now in complete decay. After the surrender of Quebec to the British army in 1759, it vyas deserted by the new Governors. It was occupied by General Arnold and his troops during the blockade of the city in 1775, but the Garrison eventually drove them from that post by bomb shells, which nearly destroyed the whole building. It was situated immediately under the wall near Palace Gate, and now is only worthy of notice, as proclaiming the truth of our poet's splen- did epitapli upon all terrestial magnificence, ** Like the baseless fabric of a vision, —————the gorgeous palaces, dissolve ; And like an unsubstantial pageant faded, Leave not a wreck behindt" I > MILITARY EDIFICES. ps . le I. THE CITADBL. IThis Stupendous fortress circumscribes the whold area on the highest part of Cape Diamond, and is intended not only to accommodate the Garrison as a residence, parade, &c., but also to include all the material of war. It perfectly commands the city and river St. Lawrence ; and w!'en completed will be not onl^y the most powerful specimen of military architecture on the western continent, but also a rival of many of the renowned works in the Netherlands. All attempts to describe the Citadel in its present unfinished state would be nugatory. An inspection of the Map will illustrate its extent and course — it will circumscribe about forty acres of land, mcluding its embankmenta. Visitors cannot be admitted without a ticket. II. THE MARTELLO TOWERS. iThese are four circular forts, which are situated at the northern extremity of the Plains of Abra- F I^i^ f I 98 PICTURE or QUEBEC/. ham, about half a mllo in advance of the exterior grand wall of the fortifications. They are num- bered from the river St^ Lawrence to the General Hospital, and guard the approaches to the city on the south and west. They are nearly forty feet in height, with a base diameter almost equal ; and the exterior wall is of ample strength to resist a canonade* The platform on the top being armed with the largest guns, these Towers constitute a powerful additional defence to the fortified barrier of the city* They are situated in a line nearly direct, each about one third of a mile distant from the other — ^and even if captured by an invading force, would prove a very insecure and probably an untenable post to the victors — as the walls on the side next the city arc comparatively so weak, that the Towers could easily be demolished by the battery from the Garrison . in. THE BARRACKS. Of these military residences, there are three grancf divisions in the city ; the principal of which is on the west side of the market place in the Upper Town, formerly the Jesuits monastery. It is a ca- pacious quadrangular edifice of seventy five yards by sixty seven, encircled by a wall which measures on the north the whole length of Fabrique street and more than two hundred yatdi on St, PICTURE OF QUEBEC. 90 tenor 3neral ity on y feet i ; and 3sist a armed itute a )arrier nearly t from trading Dbably alls on weak, by the grand h is on Upper is a ca- 3 yards 3asures J street on St. Anne street. The area inclosed, and which is now appropriated for the parades and exercise of the troops, was formerly a garden and parterre, much admired for their horticultural beauty and elegance. In St. Louis street is also an extensive range of buildings, appointed for quarters, the army of- fices and the military hospital. The artilleryBarracks adjoin Palace street, near the gate. The superstructure is of stone, extend- ing westerly two stories high, and measures one hundred and ninety^two yards in length, by forty feet deep. Besides the residences of the officers and men, this building combines the store-houses and offices connected with the Ordnance Department — and also the armoury, which contains an im- mense number of muskets, swords, pistols, cutlas* ses, &c. The arms are kept in a state of admir- rable cleanliness and polish, in constant repair, and are always ready to be issued, should any emergency require the equipment of the militi'a. Those visitors who are anxious to inspect this ma-!* gazine of warlike implements, can be gratified, if tliey are accompanied by a resident citizen, IV. THE BAILWAY, OR INCLINED PLANE. This effort of mechanism of about five hundred feet in length, always attracts attention. It was F2 'muOTHECA ' 100 PICTURE OF QUEBEC. the only efficient mode by which the ' rmous masses of stone requisite to complete ti .. citadel, could have been conveyed to the summit of the cape with facility and expedition. The steps amount to nearly six hundred, and are not only passed up and down by the workmen- — but sometimes are as- cended and descended to determine the agility and strength of the claimants for superior speed. Am- .ateurs of this muscular and perilous amusement affirm, however, that although the victory may bo .achieved against competition, and against time, the climber is not compensated by his vague honor for his subsequent fatigue and lassitude. lij ' I II V. THE MONUMENT. It is not a little surprising that nearly seventy years should have elasped and no energetic attempt have been made to preserve in memorials, the recollec- tion of the two military Chiefs who commanded the opposing armies in that battle which transferred Canada to the British Empire, and in the midst of which contest, both of them received their mortal stroke. At the corner of Palace end St John streets, stands a wooden statue of Wolfe, in his military costume ; and as persons testify from traditional FIUTLUE OF QUEBEC, 101 Statements, it retains much similitude to that gene- ral's countenance. Of Montcalm, the chief memorial is the house on the battery, the last building towards Palace Gate, which was his residence, and still bears his name. To the honor of those commanders a Monument is now erected, of which conspicuous ornament of the city, especially as beheld from the water — the vignette is a graphic delineation. To the top of the basement, the Monument is thirteen feet in height — and ihence to the bottom of the pillar is seven feet three inches. The pillar measures for^ ty-two feet, eight inches, and the cap tw^ feet one inch — thus from the ground to the apex, the alti- tude is sixty-five feet. At the base of the pillar, the sides are six feet by four feet eight inches, gra- dually tapering to the cap, where the sides are contracted to three feet two inches, by two feet five inches, (4) The monument diplays the folio whig inscrip^* tions ; — F3 10:2 rJCTURE or QUEBKU niortoni virtus communcm famam historia monumcntum postoritas dcdit. liaiic columnam in virorum illustrium memoriain» WOLFE ET MONTCALM, P. C. • GEORGIUS COMES DALHOUSIE ; in septentrit aalis americcC partibus ad britannos pertinentibus summam rerum adminis trans ; opus per multos annos praeterniissum, quid duci egregio convenientius ? auctoritate promovens, exemplo stimulans, munificientia fovens. A. S. MDCCCXXVIL QEORGIO IV. BRITANIARUM REGE. i lilTERATVRE; ^ ♦ as, J ¥ p I. SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING LITERATURE, SCIENCE, ARTS, AND HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN CANADA. In the year 1824, an Institution was organized, entitled the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, the members of which were chiefly gen- tlemen of high official rank in the province. Anxious to produce a literary and scientific stimulus among persons professionally qualified to extend the influence of works of genius and taste, in the year 1827, a number of gentlemen associa- ted themselves under tho designation of the Soci- ety for the Encouragement of Arts and Sciences in Canada. Beneficial results have already flowed from those Societies. A considerable spirit of emula- tion has been elicited, and they now combine an efiicicnt body of active members, harmoniously co- operating to disseminate the varied intelligence to which their efforts are directed. These two societies anticipating that their joint energies would be more efficacious than their sepa- rate exertions, were lately cgnsolidcited into on© li 104 PICTURE OF QUEBEC- institution under the above title ; thus coalescing all that can give stability and impulse to their impor- tant pursuits. For the evolution of native genius the extension of knowledge and the interests of phi- lanthropy, this society will soon exercise a com* manding influence in the province* Their Museum is open for the reception of vis- itors, in the building corner of Fort street, occupied for the public offices of Government, and persons of taste and science will be gratified by an inspeC"*- tion of its varied contents- It already comprises about fifteen hundred min- eralogical and geological specimens from forei^ countries — about two hundred of the same genera from Lakes Huron aud Superior — with a diver- sity of native samples. There are also a few subjects of Natural Histo- ry in ornithology and zoology — seventy different indigenous woods — twenty mathematical models — bowl from Herculaneum — some entomological species — a rich botanical variety — a select scien-^ tific library, including part of the original Journals of the House of Commons during the latter years of Charles I. supposed to have been brought from England to Connecticut by Goff* or Whally, who were two of the Judges on the trial of that King, The collection also comprises a number of concho" logical specimens, both provincial and exotic. The room is adorned with paintings, according to the ensuing catalogue. P4CTURE OF aUEBEC, 105 EAST END. In the lower corner. 1 . St. Sebastian. — Vandyke. 2. A battle between ancient Cavalry. In the middle compartment. 3. The School of Athens. — Robert. This painting" represents in characteristic attitudes and employments, the philosophers, artists, amateurs and patrons of the sciences enumerated in the foUow- ing nomenclature. The anachronisms must be over- looked. The features are said to have been delineat- ed from antique medallions. Commencing from the left in the elevation, are Alcibiades — Socrates — Nico- machus, the Father of Aristotle — Franciscus della Rovere — Terpander — Alexander the Great, Juvenis — Plato — Aristotle — and Cardinal Bembo. Underneath, in the second row of portraits, are — Aspasia — with Empedocles immediately below — Py- thaj^oras — Epictetus — Diogenes — Frederic Gonzaga — John Casa Antistes — Zoroaster crowned is display- ed only by the back of his head, his face being turned towards Raphael Urbinus— and on the extreme right is Peter of Prussia. . In the foreground are Epicharmus — Archytus — and Averroes the Arab. The figure beneath Frede- ric Gonzaga, pourtrays Bramantes the Architect, the biographer of Archimedes. 4. A Landscape. — Poussin. 5. The visit of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth. Luke i. 39, 40. — Rubens. 106 PICTURIS OF QUEBEC. This picture con'ains a remarkable peculiarity. Th« portraits are family resemblances. Zechariah is the likeness of the artist himself — his wife represents Elizabeth — his daughter is introduced as the Virgin —and the attendants were his domestics, 6. A Landscape. — Poussin. In the right comer, 7. David with the head of Goliah. 1 Samuel xvii. 54. — Puget, S. A battle between ancient Cavalry* ;SOUTH SIDE OR FRONT, Beginning at the left corner, 0. A Magdalen. — David, 10. Pride — L'orgueil. 11. St. Bartholomew. 12. Despair — L'emportement. 13. Vocal Music by candlelight— Chant de nuit. 14. Decapitation of Longer. — J Hies, 15. Avarice — L'avarice. 16. Drunkenness — L'ivrognerie. 17. Peter denying the Saviour. Mark xiv. C6-72. Reniement de St. Pierre. — Italian. 18. Idleness — La paresso. 19. Daniel in the den of Lion*. DanieL vi. i(»iCTURE OF QUEBEC, 107 WEST END. Ooir the left door, SO. St. Cfttharine de Sleniic. At the door. 21. St. Franeis d' Assise. — Le Sueur, In the middle. 22. The Lord encircled by Angels. —'Poussin. 23. St. Anthony administering' the mass. — Cham* pa^ne. 24?. A Landscape — View Moulin. ^5. Moses drawinof water for the sheep, kept by the seven daughters of Jethro. Exodus ii. 16 — 21. — Delve. 26. A Landscape— on the left the monastery, where is imprisoned the father of the fen^ale in front. — Le Frere Marin insulte. — Vernet. 27. The Saviour pronouncing the Beatitude, Matt. T. 3 — 12. — Le Brun. 28. A Hermitage— /iTiYsow. At the right door. 29. St. Cecilia. — Le Dominiquin. Over the right door. 30. Judith delivering' the head of Holofernca to her servant. Judith xiii. 11, '-\ \. I J 108 PICTURE OF QUEBEC. NORTH, OR ENTRANCE SIDE. On the left of the door, 31. The adoration of the Maffi, Matthew ii. 1— 121 32. The presentation of the Virgin Mary. — FeH* 33. Roman antiquities. — Rohei'L 34. Card playing on the ground. 35. An Italian landscape.— Veu d'ltalie. 36. The death of Procris. 37. The worship of the Shepherds. Luke ii. 15 — 18. 38. The Purification of the Virgin Mary. Luke ii. 22.— 24.— /'^(i. fi i AT THE ENTRANCE. ^ , In the left niche, ' 39. Peter's passing shadow healing the sick. Aci1s T. 15. — Juvenet, In the right niche,- 40. Peter raising Dorcas to life. Actsix. 39—41. '^Juvenet. On the right of the door, 41. Jesus in the sepulchre — Mater dolorosa. — Le Brun. V 42i The Baptism of St Augustine. — De, Bologne, ^ 43. Elijah ascending in the Chariot of Fir?, witk his faUijig^mantle. Elisha is represented as uttering PICTURE OF QUEBEd?, m 1—12; Fem. 15—18. Luke ii. Ck. . Acft' 39-41. orosa. — )l0gne. r?, witli uttering ^' My Father, my Father/' &c. II Kin^fi ii. 1 1—14.-^ Piiirtorst. 44. A Portrait; — Corregio: 45. The Nativity — Kot/pelie, 46. An aiMient head. 47. The Holy family — from UaphaeU 48. A Hermit — Le Solitaire en meditation.—. 49. The resurrection cf Christ. — Coypelle. 50. Game. 51. View of Venice. — Italian. 52. View of Venice. — Italian. 53. Ha«Tar with Ishmael in the v^ilderness. Genesis xxi. 14—20. Other paintings will also bo introduced, and it is intended to add the Port Folio containing th» representation of Jesus and the Apostles at the Passover, Mat. xxvi. 19 — 29, as depicted by Leonardo de Vinci, — These engravings contain the bust, largo as the life. Amateurs may also inspect the massive volumo of Plates, exhibiting the whole series of capital pieces, which formerly decorated the renowned Orleans Gallery at Paris. I'here is also a rich diversity of other Europe- an engravings, among which is, the admirable Face by the famous artist Mellan, which was fi- nished by one stroke of the graver, commencing at the terminating point of the nose, and revolving in continuous enlargement, without intermission, initil the whole countenance, with the motto "/^or- matur unicus una^^^ was completely executed. Strangers who visit Quebec either for recrca- G il no PICTURE OF QUEBEf?. tion or an increase of , knowledge — wil be amply repaid for the time devoted to an exploration of the various subjects collected together in the M».i- seum of the Society for Promoting Literature, Science, Arts and Historical Research in Canada. K 4 m ! II. chasseur's museum. "Ask now the beasts and they shall teach thee ; and the fowls of the air and they shaii tell thee." This is a valuable collection, consisting chiefly of indigenous specimens, and combines a rich vari- ety of ornithological and zoological subjects, which includes the different genera and species, that have hitherto been discovered in these Provinces. Amateurs of the works of nature will be grati- fied by a survey of this establishment, as " the birds of the air and beasts of the field," all appa- rently disclose the beauty and freshness of actual vitality. M III. education. In addition to the Roman Catholic Seminarv, there are in Quebec, the Royal Grammar School, and the Classical Academy, in which are taught the Latin and Greek languages. Of all the sub- jects usually comprehended in an extended En- ) M€TURK OP Qt'EIJFX'. Ill amply ition of tie M».i- 3rature, [panada. h thee ; 11 thee." hiefly of ich vari- s, which ies, that rovinces. 36 grati- the as u ill appa- of actual eminarv, School, re taught the sub- Ided En- "'>^ V glish cduoation, there are excellent tutors. The National School — the Quebec Education Socie- t,y.i-^and the British and Canadian School are chiefly elementary — the two former are more res- tricted — but the third is a Lancasterian School, admitting children upon the broadest principle of philanthrophy. There are also four Sunday Schools in the city, which produce very beneficial results upon the minds of youth — nevertheless it must be admitted, that in reference to the state of educa- tion for boys, and especially for girls, " there re- maineth yet very much land to be possessed.'* IV. BOOKS. There ai'e six Book-stores in the city, but their business is more in stationary articles, than print- ted volumes. The Garrison possess a library which is con- fined to the military. There is also a Circula- ting Library, which is composed chiefly of mis- cellaneous light reading. The Quebec Library, as it is denominated, contains several thousand volumes, and comprises a great variety of stan- dard works, both English and French. Visitors may very profitably devote a morning to the sur- vey of the books belonging to this society. G2 1 I ll i^-. ll« nr/fufiR or 4^(;ebe(t. T. TYPOGRAPHY. Within the city are three Printing Offices, whicli are employed chiedy for the public business, hand bills, and upon newsptipers. Of these four at present are issue \ The Quebec Gazette was commenced in the year 1764, and for some timo was pronniloed orily on Thursday, it is now pub-» lished three times a week. The Mercury is also distril^^itcd three times a week. The new or Of-f ficial Gazette appears only on the Tliursday. A new paper in the French language has been lately established and is published weekly, enti- tled the *' Canadien." The old Quebec Gazette has a large circulation, and maintains an exten- sive influence throughout the Province^ ! : , whicli s, hand four at ;te was lie timo w pub-» is also ' or Of-» ursdav. as been f^ enti- Grazette exten- PHILANTHROPIC INSTITUTIONS. The Medical and Agricultural Societies arc of course restricted to their own professional objects. Similar to other institutions organized for the same purposes, they produce a very salutary influence on the health and prosperity of the district. The Hotel Dicu and the General Hospital have already been noticed. The Trinity House is a charitable incorporation for the advantage and security of the Pilots, and jheir relief in old age, as well as for the support lof their widows and children. It is conducted upon similar principles, as the Brutish estublishr jments of the san^e name^ I» CHARITABLE. Beside the Masonic Lodges, there are several So- cieties existing in Quebec, for the sole purpose of alleviating distress and supplying the indigent. As vast numbers of strangers debark in Quclpec from Great Britain and Ireland, and often ii^ G % !i i' 114 riCTURE OP aUEMEC. great wrctchoduess, an Emigrant Suticly exisis expressly to assist them as tliey variously need. There are also a Benevolent and a Friendly Society instituted for the support of their mem- bers in sickness and debility. The Compassionate Society is especially dedi- cated to Females — and particularly to poor wo- men during their pregna icy and confinement. The Orphan Asylum is in successful operation. But the most important of all these species of associations, is the Quebec Institution to suppress Mendicity and find employment for the poor who are willing to labor, — It has been in existence but one winter, aud has tended to diminish greatly that intoVjrable nuisance, street-begging, with its invariable concomitants, indolence, corruption, wretchedness and pilfering. The long accustom* cd practice of encouraging a horde of lazy mendi- cants could not be destroyed at once, but if the same system be pursued, and all persons would resolutely co-operate, this bribe for impudence and imposture would be no longer attainable, and the spirit of industry would be generally diffused. II RELIGIOUS. Of these institutions there are five, all of which ar© connected with the Parent Societies of London, The Diocesan Society for promoting Cbristiaa PICTURE or QUEBEC. 115 need. liendly mom- y dedi- or wo- mt. sration. cies of ippress or who nee but greatly with its 'uption, :ustom- mendi- it if the 1 would )udenco jle, and liffused. i fi Knowledge, which is under the patronage and gu* perintendence of the Protestant Bishop of Quebec. The Quebec Bible Society, and Ladies' Bible Society. These are Auxiliary to tlie British and Foreign Bible Society. The Quebec Religious Tract Society. The Methodist Missionary Society. It is unnecessary to describe them, as they are all conducted upon the principles of similar bo-* dies throughout the world. hich are London, !hristiaa :l COIH.TIERCE. !i III The Quebec Exchange Reading room was instil tuted in 1817, by subscription, and is at present supported by all the principal merchants of the city. A large number of Newspapers from Great Britain and the United States, and the principal Magazines, are constantly received, Strangers are admitted, when introduced by a subscriber. It is held in a building lately erected expressly for the accommodation of the Trade- The situation is peculiarly suitable. Standing upon the extre- mity of the north east point of the Lower Town," it commands a complete view of the Bay ; and will greatly facilitate the commercial transactions of the Port. The edifice is sixty-five feet in length, by thir- ty-four broad — -and the ground floor is appropri- ated as a Piazza. On the first story is the Rea- ding-room, fifty feet long and thirty feet wide, occupying with the lobby and stair-case the whole space. Above is a room for the Committee of Trade — a deposit room and four other apart- jnents. FfCJTCflE Of ^URBRC. 117 Tlif Comniittco of Trade to guard (he inter- ests of the Merchants, and for the other usumI a- micahlc commercial purposes, was instituted in 1809 ; and like all other similar associations, tlieir labors are highly salutary to secure their privi- leges, withstand imposition upon trade, and to promote uniformity in all mercantile transactions. J msti-r. )resent of the Great incipal angers criber. dy for uation extre- Fown," ; and ictiona I. CUSTOM HOUSE. The Custom House stands between St. Peter street and the river, and is chielly distinguished for its extreme unsuitableness for its object, its want of essential accommodation, jnid the conse- quent inconvenience both to the Merchants ard Officers for their necessary business. A sum of money has been granted by the Legislature for tlie erection of a new Custom House. y thir- )ropri- Rea- ; wide, whole tee of apart- .i>?r II. BANKS. The Bank of Quebec transacts its business in the lower story of the house belonging to the Fire As- surance Company in St. Peter street. The Branch of the Montreal Bank occupy a house in the same street. They are both joint stock com'* panie'i,, . 118 PICTURE OF aUEBCC. 31 I III. INSURANCE. Besides the Quebec Fire Assurance Office, seve- ral agencies of companies in London and the United States, are appointed for assuring hazards by fire — ^besides an agency for insuring lives. There is also an active Fire Society in Que- bec ; and great encouragement is given to those who display most energy and alacrity in supply- ing water to extinguish the desolating element. IV. POST OFFICE. The Post Office is kept in a house immediately at the head of the stepo which lead from the gate to Mountain street. V. MARKETS. In no public convenience is Quebec at present more deficient than in its Market-places. The Lower Town Market, as it is called by a strange misnomer, is not sufficiently capacious for the supply of provisions for a petty village — and dur ring the navigable season, when the port is full of shipping, its insufficiency is tantamount to a partial embargo. A stranger, lately conducted therci :f f m M PICTURE OF aUEBEC. 119 3, seve- and the hazards ves. in Que- to those supply- nent. lediately the gate thought his guide was hoaxing him, when he as- sured him that the little space he was traversing was a market. The Upper Town Market, although more ex- tended, from the hay, lire-wood and every other species of lumber, is literally so crammed in eve- ry interstice, that no person satisfactorily attends the Market. In addition to which, it is often dangerous to walk about amid restive, untractable horses, which unnecessarily fill up much of the space that should be otherwise occupied. It has the appearance of a horse-market or fair, as much as any thing — and it is truly astonishing that in so restricted a plat, a regulation is not enforced, to keep all horses out of the market, after the cart or sled is pitched. In an area so confined and in-* commodious as to exclude all ease and comfort, the banishment of the quadrupeds would essentia ally promote the public convenience. t present s. The L strange ; for the -and dur is full of a partial i therci VX. RIVERS, Two bridges unite the shores of the St» Charles river — one from the St. Roch's Suburb, and the other about two miles above. The communica- tion with Point Levi is mnintained by a Steam- Boat, and Horse-boats, continually crossing du- ring the navigable season. r * 4 S 120 PICTURE OF QUEBBG* The means of intercourse between Quebec and Montreal are amply suiiicient. Two Steam- boats ordinarily leave each port daily, during the sum-, mer season. From the commencement of the winter, and throughout its continuance, Stages run. between the two cities ddnly, performing the journey, one hundred and eighty miles, very comfortably in two days and a night. It was previously intended lo have conjoined some minuter information respecting the Pilots — the Post Office and the Custom House duties ; but as all needful intelligence upon these subjects can be so easily attained by a reference to the Montreal and Quebec annuals, already recom-^ mended for that purpose — it was deemed irrele- vant to the chief design proposed by this Picture of Quebec. m c and boats sum-" f the )tages ig the very oined ots — Lities ; bjects to the ecom-^ iriele- icture No. I. IVO topic of political economy and modern history is more interesting* than the orioin and progressive enlargement of the European Colonies, which, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, were com-, menced on the Continent of North America. The early annals of some of them are lamentably defec-» tive, and it is therefore not surprising that antiquari-? ans grope in vain among the imperfect and mutilated reliques and records of ages removed by thousands of years — when even since the invention of typography, and within only the comparatively short period, sinco Cham plain founded the Metropolis of the British North American Provinces, all ingenuity of conjecture and patience of research, are balUed in peremptorily determininof the true source whence the appelatives Canada and Quebec are derived. The following extracts contain all that is essential upon this controverted qusestio vexata:-— " Canada, non tarn certi cuju?piam loci nomen, j^uam plagarum saruiu, qu?e utinque ripis adjacent 122 riCTL'RE OF QUEiiEC. If. ampHssimi fluminis illius, cui a St. Laurentio Galli appellationara fecere — communis nomenclatura. Por- ro, de etyraologia vocis Canada nihil satis certi potiii comperire; priscara qiiidem esse constat ex eo, quod illam ante auiios prope sexaginta, passim usurpari audiebam puer." This is a remarkable declaration of Creuxius ; and shews the great uncertainty of the appellation — be- cause his narative commences at the period when Quebec contained but///// Europeans. Hennepin thus unfolds the orijjin of the term. " Les Espagnols ont fait la premiere decouverie du Canada. Ayant mis pied a terre, ils n'y trouverent rien do considerable. Cetteraison lesobligea d'aban- donner ce pays, qu*ils appellerent, i7 Capo di A'ada, c'est a dire, le Cap de liien — d*ou est venu par cor- ruption le nom de Canadii." La Potherie corroborates this statement with a memorable particu'arity of graphical description. '*Les monts Notre Dame sur le sommet desquels il y a toujoursde la neige dans la plus grande chaleur de Tannee se decouvrent de loin du cote sud. Cet aspect donna tant de frayeur aux Espagnols qui ont decou* rert le Canadjj, qu'ils lui donnerent en meme, le nom de Capo di Nada, qui veut dire, Cap de liien — et ils concurrent une si mauvaise idee de ce vaste pays, qu'ils ne daignerent pas pousser plus loin leure de- couverto. Jacques Cartier fut plus heureux que Jean Verazani, qui decouVert toutes les c6tes de la mer depuis la iFloride,jus(Ju'arembouchure duUeuve St. Laurent~et aussi ii fut le premier qui decouvrit le Canada, mais a son malheur — cas les Sauvages le mangerent." There is a characteristic sang-froid in the last clause of the extract, which is very «4ifyinjf. ricTuiiE or aurnnr. 123 J What Crciixius could not definitely discoTer must necessarily remain in some degree uncertain — but there is a plausibility in the manner of nautical con- traction illustrated by Hennepin and La Potherie. The cause of the name which was applied to the oriw-inal settlement of Canada, its present metropolis, involves still g^reatf r mystery. In the Pastes Chionologiques, it is recorded, that Champlain conunenced the permanent occupation of Cape Diamond on the third of July, 1603. " Les JSau varies donnoientu cet enrlroit le nom de Quebec, on Quelibec, qui dans les ling-ues Al:ionquine et Abe- uaquise signitie relrccissement, parceque le fleuve s'y retrecit." This identical reason is promulg-ed more diffusely by Charlevoix. '* Que!rec est placee sur le lieuve, le phis navigable de Tunivers — mais au-dessus de I'isle de TOrleaiis, il se retrecit tout a coup de cette sorte, que devant Quebec il n'a plus qu'une mille de largeur ; c'est ce qui a fait donner a cet en- droit le nom de Quebec, qui en langue Algonquine signitie, relrecisaement, Les Abenaquis lu nomment Quebec, qui vent dire ce qui est ferme, parce que de Tentree de la petite riviere de la Chaudiere, par ou ces Srtuvages venoient a Quebec du voisinage de I'Acadie, la Pointe de Levi cache entierement le ca- nal du sud — risle d'Orleans cache celui du nord, de sorte, que le port de Quebec ne paroit de la qu'une grande baie." La Potherie furnishes two solutions o1 thi.-i verbal difficulty, which so lon^* has been crux ^ etymologorum. — " Nous n'avons point de connois- sance de r«tiraologie de Quebec. Les Sauvag'es qui J habitoient, lorsque les Francois vinrent s'y etablir, rappelloient Stadaka. On tient, que les Norraands qui etoientavec Jacques Cartier a sa premiere decou^ veite, appercevant au bout de I'isIe d' Orleans, un 124 MCTURB or QUEBEC. Cap fort ^lev6, s'^crierent Quel bee ! — et qu'^ la suite du terns le nom de Quebec lui est reste. Je ne suis pas ^arand de celte etimologie. " Quebec ost au bout de Tisle d'Oileans. H y a une riviere une petite demi-licue de la, qu*on appelle prcoentement St. Charles — appellee Kahir Konhao par les Sauvao^es, a raison dos tours et detours qu'elle fait." — On Cartier's arrival here, the Indians fre- quently pronounced these two words — "Aca Nada** — iiothini*' here ; from which it is supposed the name of the country, Canada, has been derived. These words were first taught them by the Spaniards, who liad vi- sited the Baie des Chaleurs, and pronounced these words because they found no jjfold or silver mines. Others derive it from the Indian word Kanala^ pro- nounced Canada, which si^-nifies a collection of huts. — Lescarbot states that the Indians of Gaspe called themselvt'S Canadians, which name is also confirmed by Chaifc plain. Hist. Gen. des Voyages, vol. 13, p. 28. Champlain, Part 2, p. 197. Quebec in the Algonquin language signifies le strain Champlain, vol. I. p. 115. Quebeis, alias Quebec— Pouglas, vol. 1. p. 92. Smith's Canada. I No. 11. CHIEND'OR. <* ONonr way to the Lower Town, passing the pesr tie and mortar, which is projected over the street, giving* notice to the public of the excellence of the medicaments, whereof the said pestle and mortar are a symbol, our eyes were arrested, at a few steps, by the spectacle of the Cliien d^Or, Thereby hsgs a tale. Mr. Phillibert was a merchant of Quebec, during the time that this country was under the French Government. Mr. Bif>ot, was at the head of the Fi- iiancial Department in Canada ; and he had so con- ducted the fiscal affairs of Canada, or rather of France in respect of Canada, that one ol the Queens of that chivalrous 'ling-dom asked her husband, whe-* ther the walls of Quebec were made of gold ? Mr. Philibert and Mr. Bigot did not agree. The former had not the means or the power to have his complaints heard and redressed. He was therefore obliged, instead of preferring them in the shape of an indictment or an impeachment, to write them in the covert language, which is placed un^er the dog, a^i his motto. V .^1 M 1^ 126 PICTUIIE OF QUEBEC. .Te suis un Chien qui rong^e Tos — Ed le rougeant je prend mon repos — TJn terns viendra, qui n'est pas venu— Que je mordrai qui m'aura mordu. This was too much for tyranny. Mr. Phillibert, when descendinf!^ the Lower Town Hill, received the sword of Mr. De R , an officer of the garrison, throug-h his back, and the murderer was permitted quietly to depart to the East Indies. The brother of Mr Phillibert receiving intelligence of this mournful event, come from France to Canada to settle his brothers estate, end to avenge his blood, flaving arranged the former, he pursued Mr. De R — to Pondicherry, where they met in the street : instant- ly drew their swords, fought upon the spot, and the assassin was slain." The CJden d'Or remains to inculcate a profitable lesson to all who are anxious to learn instruction. I llibert, ed the rrison, mitted No. III. igence >anada blood. )eR— istaiit- id the >fitable tioii. i^p. IT one Imndred yards from the lower end of the liiiil-vvay ; ' iencral Mont-iomory and his aids with otiier nun\ were killed on the morninfi^ of December 31, 177j, when proceedinj^ to the assault of Quebec, The place may be easily recognised — notwithstanding th J alterations nhich have occurred. At that period, a narrow path only was made between the foot of the hill, and the river, so that vessels were fastened to the rock by large iron bolts — one of which still re- mains, near the very spot, where the Am ^rican Gen- eral and his advance party were discor.ifited. The wharves, houses, &c. all have been long since con- structed. At the top of the small ascent on the street immediately below, the small battery had been erect- ed, near the plat where the southerly forge is now stationed. Few circumstances more vividly teach us the casu- alties of war, and the minute circumstances upon which so many important results depend. That the success of the assault would have essentially altered the whole course of events connected with the His- tory of (Canada is self-evident— but few persons have reflected, that all this depended upon the simple fact whether Montg^omery should be a f«w steps north or 'ii 128 ri(;TUR« OF QUEBEC. south of SI certuin plnce at a ^iven moment. Tht rock jutted out so as to form a species of barrier in the road — and it wf\s necessary that the point should have been turned before any shot could have been effected. Had the gun been loaded with a sing-le ball only, it might have struck one or two of the party i!vho were just at the point and must have left all the others uninjured — but being filled with grape, the scattering discharge lulled or wounded the whole gToupe who had passed the corner of the rock, as the gun was stationed expressly to sweep that narrow apprqach on the top. 1^ •'] The following additional circumstances connected with the death, burial and disinterment of the rer. mains of General Montgomery, were furnished by Mr. James Thompson at the period when the request was made that the reliques might be removed to New- York, where they novv repose near the marble mo-? nument erected in front of St. Paul's Church, on Broadvvay. Mr.' Thompson lately deceased, at the advanced age of ninety-six, was it is believed, the sole survivor of all the English and French troops; who were engaged, either in the capture or defence of Quebec, during the campaign of 1759. " I, James Thompson of the City of Quebec, do testify and declare, that I serv d in the capacity of an Assistant Engineer, during the siege of this City, invested during the years 1775 and 1776 by the American forces under the command of the l»te Ma- jor General Richard Montgomery. That in an at- tack made by the American troops under the imme-s di^t« f ommand of General Montgomery ia the night i<ate, within a wall that surrounded a ponder magazine near the ramparts boundino- on !St. Lewis tfate. That the funeral ser- vice Wcis performed at tbe grave by the Hevd. Mr. IVIontmollin, then ( hajdain of the g-arrison. Ti at his tvi'o Aides-de Camp, were buried in their clothes M'ithout any cofTins, and that no person was buried within twenty-five yards of the General. That 1 am positive and can testify and declare, that the coffin of the late General Montgomery, taken up on the morn- inn^of the 16th of the present month of June 1818, is the identical coffin deposited by me on the day of his burial, and that the present coffin contains the re- mains of the late General. 1 do further testify and declare, that subsequent to the finding* of General Montgomery's body, I wore his sword, being lighter than my own, and on going to the Seminary, whcr« M i:> 1 i 130 picTunE OP Qn:ni:r. I f' the American OrTicers were lodn^ed, they rocog^nifoil the sword, which affected them so much that num- bers of them wept« in consequence of which, I have never worn the sword since. " Given under my hand at the city of Quebec, 19th June, 1«18. James Thompson/* mim- I have c, 19th Ko. IV. fON. »» .jf t^ IT was originally desio led to have inserted a naf- rative of the Seige of Quebec — but the subject is so familiar, that it was finally resolved to substitute for it a biographical notice of the two Generals. An in- teresting part is connected with the capture of the city. The execution of very important duties in the Naval department was committed to the great cir- cumnavigator Captain Cook, who Was in the year 1759 on the service in the river St. Lawrence. He piloted the boat to the attack of Montmorenci — con- ducted the enibarcation of the troops to the heights of Abraham — surveyed the channel, and fixed the buoys for the safety of the large ships while naviga- ting the river. The military laurels, which the victor acquired by the termination of the battle, altogether disappears in the deeper moral dignity, which Wolfe developed in the following impressive occurrence. On the ni^ht before th<^ decisive battle, the Gene- ral visited m a boat some of the posts where the troops were stationed; during their progress, he re- peated with great sensibility, Gray's Elegy in a "^t u^ PICTURE OF QUEREO. Country Church-Yard — and at the conclusion, iv- marked — " I should prefer beings the author of that poem, to the ^^lory of beatinii the French to-mor- row." A more powerful tribute to the superiority of reh'j^ion and literary attainments overall terrestri- al jiclory was never enounced. It is a moral charac- teristic of the General which, will survive the annals of warfare. The ensulrf^ sketch of Montcalm is extracted from Manuel's L'aimee Fran^oise. Ce sont Xes sacrifices faits a la societe qui donnent des droits au souvenir de la posterite ; elle ne peuc point oublirr ce General. II est ne, il a vecu, et il est mor£ dans les camps. Son education n'en fut pas moins soig-nee. Il apprit la languo d'Homere avant de prendre la lance d 'Achillea Son esprit se deve- loppoit corame son courage ; et e'^alement propria aux batai les et oux academies, sont desir otoit d'unir aux lauriers de Mars les palmes do Minervo. Mais la guerre occupa presque toute sa vie ; avec dos talens et de I'activite, on I'appelloit par tout ou il falloit commender et se battre. Chaque <^rade fut marque par des blessures ; et on tres peu de terns, il merita d'etre a la tote des troupes dans I'Amerique septen- trionale. C'est la que se sont monlrees les qualites de ce Capital ne — c'est la qu'il a fait voir a quel de- gre il renuissoit la bravoure du soldat et la g'randeur d'ame du heros, la prudence du conseil et la celerite de I'execution ; ce sang- froid que rien n'altere, cette patience que rien ne rehute, et cette resolu- tions courag^euse qui ose repondre du succes dans des ci»'constances ou la timide speculation auroit a, peine entrevu des ress^urces. C'est la qu'au milieii des sauva^es dont il etoit devenu le pere, au Ta vu se plier aleur caractcre ferocPj s'endurur aux memes tra^ PlCTtlRB OF QUEBEC. 133 elusion, iv- hor of that icli to-inor- superiority ill terrestri- oral charac- B the annals ractecl from :|ui donnent ?lle ne peuC L vecii, et il n'eii fut pas )mere avant rit se deve- t propre aux t d'linir aux e. Mais la c dos talens ovi il falloit fut marque IS, il merita (jTie sopten- les qualites • ji quel de- ll grandeur t la celerite en n'altere, ette resolu- succes dans on auroit a. u*au milieu au I'e vu 86 memes tra^ rauX) et 80 restreindre aux meme Ijesoins, Ibs appri- voiser par la douceur, les attirer par la confiance, les attendrir par tous les soins de Thumanite, et faire dc- miner 1e respect et Tamour sur des ames eg-alement indociles au jonjif de Tobeissance et au frein de la dis* cipline. C'est la que des fatigfues et des dangers sans nombres, n'ont jamais rallenti son zele ; tantot pre- sent a des spectacles dont Tidee seule fait fremir la nature ; tantot expose a manquer de tout, et souvent a mourrir de faim. Reduit pendant onze mois a quatre onces de pain par jour, mangeant du cheval pour don- ner Texemple, il fut le meme dans tous les terns, sat- isfait de tout endurer. Un des dhefs Canadiens etonne que celui qui fais- oit des prodig-es fut d'une petite taille, s'ecria la pre- miere fois qu'il le vit — ** Ah ! que tu es petit ! mais je vols dans tes yeux la hauteur du chene, et la viva- cite des aigles." Quoique blesse dans le combat, il ne descendit pas de cheval, qu'il n'eut fait lui.meme la retraite de Tar- mee, Sur la reponse que lui fit son chirurgien que ses blessures etoient mortelles — etdit — " pour moi je vais passer le nuit avec Dieu, et me preparer a la mort. 11 mourut a cinq heures du matin ; et un trou qu'une bombe avoit fait lui servit de tombeau, dans les jardin des Religieuses Ursulines. There was a remarkable similirity in the prominent characteristics of Wolfe and Montcalm, exclusive of the seniority in age to which the latter had attained : for he was fifteen vears older than Wolfe at the peri- od of their dissolution. They both entered the army in youth, and were both •ftrly dibtinguished for their intrepidity and aptitude a 134 t'ICTUKK OF QUEBEC. to imbibe knowledge. At twenty years of Age, Wolfb received the highest eulog'y for his courage, prowess and humanity. To him, the capture of Louisburgf was principally attributed — and in natural genius, acquired knovvled<^e, professional sldll, self-denying magnani- mity, and ascendency over their troops by a personal attachment, not to the commander, but the benevo- lent man, they were nearly equalised. In the termin- ation of their career only did they essentially differ in situation — the repulse of the British troops would have added little honor or fame to Montcalm — but it was Wolfe's all. From his own letters to the elder Pitt, his patron, it is evident, that he considered him- self in the state of the gamester upon his la^t chance — it was disgrace or death. — he chose the latter, in con- nection with the transfer of a Province to England, the effect of which has materially influenced the af- fairs of the world— and Wolfe and Montcalm continue a memorable example of the perishable nature of all earthly applause separate from the moral and intellec- tual qualities of man. Wolfe and Montcalm are little known, and scarcely thought of out of Quebec, except by the historical student — but that elegy in the coun- try Church yard, which Wolfe may almost be supposed to have recited unconsciously in anticipation, as his own funeral dirge, will be read, admired and repeated, where neither of those chiefs will be named, and when W^olfe's marble cenotaph in Westminster Abbey shall have crumbled to atoms, and the Quebec Monument to W' olfe and Montcalm shall have disappeared without a Bolitary vestage of its prior existence-. yims^ I f Age, Woifo ige, prowess )iiisburg' was lius, acquired 9 magnani' jy a personal the benevo- 1 the termin- jntially differ troops would calm — but it to the elder nsidered hira- la^t chance — atter, in con- to England, meed the af- salra continue I nature of all I and intellec- calm are little Quebec, except Y in the coun- st be supposed )ation, as his and repeated, ned, and when r Abbey shall Monument to ired without » I.lfllKX . PAGE. Banks , 117 Barracks •••• ^^ Castle of St. Lewis 90 Chasseur's Museum ,.,.,., •••• ^ 10 Chaudiere ^^ Church of the con 83 ,. 99 118 96 SO 63 95 49 15 101 101 ^ « • • • 70 75 118 .•••• 97 75 97 , 39 19 , 100 120 B2 91 113 18 !...•••• 118 74, 35 INDEX. PAGS Protestant Burying^ Ground...... .••••••••••••••t 77 Public Offices 94 Public Warehouse.. • ••• 95 Quebec •••• •• 6 Quebec described 26 Quebec Driving Club .•... 8 Bivers 119 Seminary ••.... 77 Societies Charitable 113 '* Keligious ^ ]14> Sorel .^^^ 15 St. John's Chap*^l 75 St. Roch's Church 76 Tables of the Churches 15 Three Rivers , 21 Topography of the Rivers 12 Trinity Chapel 7* Topography ..,.••. ....112 Ursuline Convent .•....#•.••••••••••• ..•..•••••••.. 80 Vignette ... ... ,,, ,^,^ .,, ^,, ,,. ^,. ,,, 5 Visitor's Directory... ... „. ,., .„ ^ ,„ sl<.><;ii«4Tiii b*#*k< \4,4«*V<'>«4 * t % '1 • lii,;««ti-^f^il#««««.i(.i^.«* J ■ % \ > • k 1 - > f 4 • I > . • f A f f -t ftta.4»«;r«*r fl. '>alt|t4««F4«^>«-« « . / * t I k'^ir^iAvrtt-etii. ■ t^ibv ;(h4 ( (4t f«« *-t«4* '|4< »r«1tY>f4.i-«l' f > .i t I, J » < t » J » 1 . i s * ) 1 ^-, i / V ■ I % I t (»?.*.*#>>.■ « t c • ' * * t»'''t>*(«iiC*<* «' \ • * » 4 . ' i . ) * ^ t 1 V A ; t « i « ft. • -: a »!.*-.■* -l I -*, . i: ' t 1 i % If- Mtfntnttn to ti|( Mup* A. Castle of St. Lewis. B. Parliament House. C. Court House. D. Commissariat. E. Engineer's Office. F. St Louis-st Barracks G. Military Hospital. H. Public Offices. I. Barracks. J. Jail. K. Artillery Barracks. L. Public Warehouse. M. Quebec Exchange. N. FireAssuranceOffice O. Intendant'sOldPalac P. Episcopal Church. Q. Catholic Church. R.Presbyterian Church S, Trinity Chapel. T. St. John's Chapel. U. Congreganiste Churc V. St. Roch's Church. W. Methodist Chapel. X. LowerTownChurch Y, National School. Z. St, Roch's School. a. Seminary. b. Ursuline Convent. c. HotelDieuNunnery. d. General Hospital. 1. Diamond Harbour. 2. Carman's Wharf. 3. Eraser's do. 4. Gunboat do. 5. Symes' do. 6. Heath & Moir's do. 7. Cape Diamond do. 8. Jones' do. 9. Anderson's do. 10. Irvine's do. 1 1. Finlay's do. 12. King's do. 13. Brunet's do. 14. Queen's do. 15. M'Callum's do. 16. Hunt's do. 17. Goudie's do, 18. Bell's do. 19. Lampson's do* 20. Quirouet's do. 21. Dumas' do. 22. Morrison's do. 23. Tremain's do. 24. Hunter's do. 25. Wilson's do. ^^, Vanfelson's do., 27. Smith's do. 28. Beaupr6's do. 29. Corbin's do. 30. Grant's do. 31. Taylor's Ship Yd. 32. Pozer*s Wharf. 33. M'Callum'sdo* 34. Bell's Ship Yard. - 35. Government Wharf 36. Munn's Ship Yard. 87. Goudie's do. do. '{ 1 Mup* do. & Moir's do. iainond do. lo. )ii's do. do. 5 do. lo. ) do. 5 do. m's do. do. 's do, 0. )n's do* it's do. do. n's do., ill's do. 's do. *s do. ion's do., do. 6's do. s do. 1 do. 's Ship Yd. 1 Wharf, Lim's do* Ihip Yard. • iment Wharf 1 Ship Yard. I's do. do. y \;t\, \'' /j:rER.,> -::) \p M o ■ la > > -V dwitt* iwiK \ ^M \ m "i. i 1 ^^-^ fA'/ ^^'i^Hhs ^'->i^-c^. 0/ ^^6 \ '> NTi.. \ \ •S' nr '// ^^'. '^"^z \ -J* \ \ "■■ fc J 'ff-*^yJki.Z 1 ! -N <%- Mmm bfiMnrfi /'v f' • yium^/ , '^ft 'i'//«V.— ^ />. ''''""■'>^ j..'-i: «•;;/?''""'■ ^ H A. II I