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1 2 3

WPPI

EAST RIVER

COAL MINING COMPANY.

Incorporated December 1, 1868.

Hon. DAVID PRICE, Qukbkc.
M. II. RICIIEY, ESQ., Halifax.

^^ITicw for trjjnsfcr o^ ^Ui%, dc.

No. 14 Bedford Row, Halifax.
Office of Messrs. D. Price & Sons, Quebec.

HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA:

PRINTED BY JAS. BOWES & SONS, BEDFORD ROW,

1869.

EAST RIVER COLLIERY.

The Property of the East River Coal Mining Company, as appears
by accompanying Reports, contains not less than 1200 acres underlaid by
the seams of the Pictou Coal field, an amount of coal only surpassed by
the contents of the Albion Mines. The quantity of coal is practically
inexhaustible, and would be amply sufficient to supply the demand for
bituminous coal in the Dominion, for many years. The quality of the
upper seams, all of which have been tested and worked, is well known
to the public, and is such as to give the coal a high place in tje market
for steam and for domestic purposes.

The cost of opening and equipping a colliery is so great — ^from
$200,000 to $500,000 being generally required — that the most important
point to consider in purchasing a mining property, is not so much the
original price, as the amount which has subsequently to be expended be-
fore it can be made productive. If from peculiar local advantages this
enormous outlay can be saved, it is self-evident that the amount saved is
80 much added to the cash value of the property. The fact of there being
workable seams in the suburbs of New Glasgow, and near a railway sta-
tion, will explain the singularly low estimate of $24,000, which Mr. Ru-
therford gives as necessary for opening up the upper seams. The very
small sum named by him induced the Company to draw his attention to
the point, and to request him to prepare a detailed estimate of items, and
the result was to lower the amount named to $16,800.

Practical miners at New Glasgow have fully borne out Mr. Ruther-
ford's views. Mr. Lawson, a Mining Engineer of considerable experi-
ence in the Cumberland and Pictou Coal fields, who has recently opened
up and worked one of the upper seams on an adjoining property, has put
in a tender to open up the Stewart seam, for a sum much under that
n med by Mr. Rutherford.

The Reports of Principal Dawson, F. R. S., one of the highest au-
thorities on the Pictou Coal field, and of Mr. Rutherford, the Govern-
ment Inspector of Mines, coupled with the accompanying certificates from
the proprietor of the East Riding Steamer of New Glasgow, and of the
manager of the Crown Brick and Pottery Works, will show the nature

r.nd extent of the property, and the quality of the scams wliicli it is pro-
posed to work.

The vahie of tlie Oil Shales on it, is referred to by Professor How,
Mineralogist to the Provincial Government, in his recent report on the
Mineralogy of Nova Scotia, pp. 2(i-3lr : " Large deposits of shale are met
with in the East River district of Pictoii County, affording a product of
oil larger than is found renumcrative in Scotland. Last year I observed
an advertisement .n a Glasgow paper, referring to a shai , yielding about
30 gallons of oil to the ton, for ndiich offers were invited. Some shale
which I examined from East River, gave about 35 gallons of crude oil
to the ton." " When oil Avas made at the Eraser Mines in 1859, the
practical result was about CO galli^ns crude. A seam of oil coal similar
to that just described, was workol for two years about 3 miles to the
east of the Albion Mines." "At some future day, therefore, great results
may be expected from working this^^ valuable mineral."

The nature and extent of these bituminous shales, would alone be
sufficient to give the property a high value independently of the amount
of coal which it contains, and its peculiar facilities for being cheaply and
economically worked.

3ro-

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and

KEPORT on the " East River" Coal Area, Pictou, Nova
Scotia, by J. W. Dawson, F.R.S., F.S.G., Professor of
Natural History, McGill University.

The area of the East River Coal Company, extends to the south-
eastward from the town of New Glasgow, about three miles, ivith a
breadth of about half a mile, and lies in the nortliern and central portion
of the Coal basin of the East River of Pictou, on the east side of that river.

The workable seams contained in the property, consist of certain upper
seams not known on the west side of the East River, together with the
equivalents of the lower scams which have long been mined on the Avest
side, though their extension on the ea.°t side of the Coal field has only
recently attracted attention. In this report, I shall notice these two
groups of beds separately, and shall then refer to the extent and quantity
of the Coal contained in them, and the most profitable means for its
extraction.

I.— Uppeu Coal Seams.

These upper beds c.^op out on the west end of the area with easterly
dips. One of them, the ■ Stewart seam," has been opened in the adjoin-
ing property of the " General Mining Association," though the works are
now abandoned. It is stated to be about three feet in thickness, its coal
being of excellent quality. Its dip, as ascertained by examination of the
associated beds exposed in the bed of "Potters Brook," Is east at an
angle of 40°. The strike of the " Stewart seam" carries it into the area
of the East River Company; and following its direction a shaft has been
sunk in the overlying measures, which has penetrated a bed of 2 feet 9
inches thick, known as the " Richardson seam."

This may possibly be the continuation of the " Stewart seam," but is
more probably an overlying bed. The " Richardson seam " is now
worked on a small scale in connection with a bed of fireclay, which forms
its floor. The dip at the Richardson mine is to the south-east, shewing
that the measures turn somewhat rapidly to the eastward in the space
between it and the old workings in the Stewart seam. Following the
outcrop to the eastward, there are indications of a further bend of the
measures to the east ; but the coal is not seen for a mile, where a bed
known as the " Foster seam" is exposed on an old adit, a short distance
to the northward of the property of the Company. This bed is 4 feet
4 inches thick, and dips at a small angle to the north-east. In a short
space, however, the dip of the measures changes, and a little to the north-
ward a slope has been sunk by the Montreal and New Glasgow Company
on a bed 4 feet thick, dipping south 5 degrees east, at an -^ngle of
34''. This bed differs from the Foster seam in its character and accom-
panyments, and is probably an overlying seam. It has 6 inches of caunel

in its upper part, and a larger per ^'cntagc of ashes than the Foster seam,
wliich is a good Coal of uniform quality. Trial pits opened in tliis
vicinity, both in the Montreal and New Glasgow, and F^ast River areas,
indicate that the beds have been subjected to an artidinal fold, producing
considerable disturbance in this part of the area, and probably dividin<v
it into two subordinate basins. Beyond this place the coal outcrops have
not been traced along the northern side of the area, but on the adjoining
property and near the eastern end of the area, now under consideration,
a bed of Coal has been struck by Mr. Kirby. It is stated to bo 4 feet
thick, and dips to the soutii, which would carry it in a short distance into
the East River area. This bed is no doubt a continuation of one of these
mentioned above, probably of the upper or Lawson seam.

Returning to the south side of tiie area at its western end, the strike
of the "Stewart" seam would carry its outcrop to the southward, and it
does not appear on tliis property for some distance to the eastward.

On the eastward cud of the area, however, the outcrop of the upper
seams again crosses the boundary of tlie area, and one of the beds 4 feet
4 inches thick has been opened, under the uame of the " George McKay "
seam, and a considerable quantity of excellent coal has been extracted
from it. It has a higii reputation as a steam coal, which, as will appear
in the sequel, is borne out by its composition. It dips north GO^ east at
an angle of 1 2" to 15\ From this place the extension of the bed has
been traced about 1104 feet, and a shaft has been sunk upon it by the
" German Company." At the time of my visit, this shaft had penetrated
three small seams of coal, and I Avas subsequently informed that it had
also passed through a bed corresponding in size and quality with the
Lawson seam before reaching the McKay bed, which would thus appear
to be the Foster seam.

The McKay bed would appear to be the lowest bed of the upper
series, with the exception of a seam of 9 inches in thickness ; but at a
distance of 400 yards to the rise of the measures, corresponding to a
virtual thickness of about 300 feet, there occurs a bed of oil coal, 7 feet
thick, of which 4 feet have been found to yield at the rate of 60 gallons
per ton, and the remaining three at the rate of 40 gallons per ton.

II. — Lower Seams.

The equivalents of the " main seam " and other beds of the Albion
Mines, occur on this property at a depth of about 1000 feet below the
upper beds above mentioned ; on the northern side of the area, and near
its boundary, one of these beds has been opened in a trial pit, which was
full of water at the time of my visit, but I was informed that it had ex-
posed a bed of Coal six feet thick, S. 20° W. at an angle of 60°. This
opening cannot, however, be considered sufficient to test this portion of
the property, as the lower seams must, if one may judge from their
dimensions elsewhere, be much more extensive than the above statement
would indicate.

Explorations arc now being made by Mr. Lawson, on llic adjoining
property of the Montreal and New (llasgow Company, which will proba-
bly more fully expose these beds.

On the north side of the area, tlic lower beds have not yet been
removed, but tlie characteristic black shales which overlie them appear
in several places, and they could, no doubt, be easily reached by a shaft
sunk in the south-eastern part of the proper j. From ray knowledge of
other parts of the Pi(;tou Coal field, I have no hesitation in affirming that
these lower bods underlie the greater part of the area, and though they
have not been proved, yet their ascertained value both to the west and
east of the area, renders it certain that their amount of coal must greatly
exceed that of the upper series above mentioned.

III. — Amount and Qcautv of Coal.

It is not at present determined how many workable beds occur in the
upper series ; but it is certain thatt here are at least two : (1) The Kirby
or Lawson seam, worked on the slope of the Montreal and New Glasgow
Company, and which may be identical with the Richardson seam and
with one of the beds on the shaft of the German Company. (2) The
Foster seam, which I regard as identical with the George McKay, and
possibly with the " Stewart " seam.

Samples of these Coals gave on assay, the following results :

yame of Coal.

Kirby or Lawson
4 feet thick.

Volatile matter,

) coal 25'4

) canuel...34-8

Coke.

74-6
65-2

Fixed carbon.

50
47.G

Ash. Color of ash.

24-6 whitish.
17-6 reddish.

George McKay,
4 ft. 4 in.

) 1 sample 31*4
)2 " 31-2

68-6
68-8

63-6
62-G

5 grey.
6.2 grey.

Foster Coal,
4 ft. 4 in.

\ 29

53-4

.-,^ reddish
grey.

Of the above coals, that of the George McKay seam is decidedly the
most valuable, whether for gas or steam purposes. In the small amjunt
of earthy matter contained in it, it compares favourably with any coal
hitherto shipped from the Pictou mines.

The coal of the Foster mine, in general quality, resembles that of the
George McKay, but contains much more earthy matter If as above
conjectured, these two exposures belong to one and the same bed, then
the quality of the coal must improve in its extansion eastward.

The Kirby or Lawson coal affords a large amount of ashes ; but the
layer of cannel at the top is very valuable as a gas coal, and affords a
good coke.

I had no opportunity of obtaining samples of the lower coals on this
property. The nea °t exposure to the opening already referred to on
the north side of the area, is that of the Montreal and Pictou Company
on the west side of the river, where the beds are stated to contain 37 ft.
6 in. in thickness of good coal in four beds. The nearest exposure to the

K i»t»iai."J <« !>.AJt '/'i u>-, M'.Iira... ii.'>4. ••rr.':,": t;^* :;,^:-k:.-ri» i* c*Ii«Tod to

'/*: lt;l'^>rrj /i->rt ifi two ^/fi*.

Wi'b f" /*r'j Vy th*! i»/.tfjAl 'j >*'.•;: V of 'y/*i oti li** air<r*. the f*rt§ are

r.'yl <'/f)' (';'jtlr vftll a.»':irrt4ir.*;/j to '■.■.n.^A'-. a i'rfi'.i:/: '::a]'::tilA;ior: :o b*r ma/ie.
i <'iit:Af.T il ;/«l;/iif/U:. how'-T«;r. ihit tL* uj/j/^r «*am» will ^/^ :Vja4 to
« »i«ct<'l '/%»;r al>'/ijt of^, Vjuar': rrjil<; of th<; ar<.-a. au'l thai after roakiaz all
/'-av/(,;ji/I«- 'l«:'lrj/-t/o.'i». tL'rv i/jAv afford alyrit l//>0.«/yy toL- ot coal at
a vi^ry /no'l'^ra'i: '-.x^it-.uv. ior <;xira' tio.'j a.'j'l trari-jy^rvatiori. The lower
pj:hti>' tmi^.i t'.xu-.rt'l 'ivi-.r rj<;arly t)i<i wliol»; «.-xt<irii of t!i<; proj^eny. and
»;j'i>t. l/<; r;i(;;tb!<; 'j{ yifA'iui.! »<;v<rral tifii':* tl.<; hI^'jvc qaatjtlty.

IV. — L'j<:\ri')S of Mi5f;s.

At \irHv.ui u'l ';olli<;ry i^ in ojxiration on tin; property. thoij;.'u a slope
liah \>ii:ii t)\i>:ui:<\ o/j th'; f/i;or;;<; -MfKay h'lain, aij'l roal extracted for
coiijjiry u>i':. 'I'll'; \iri-Hi:ul <:xpO'',(jri:M would indicate that it rnij^ht be ex-
pedient to cof/iuience operations l»y opcnin;^ the upper Ream'*. This might
he done either hy op(;niii;;^ the Stewart "earn on the west end of the pro-
perty where, th(! vicinity of the town of New GhiMgow and of the Provin-
cial railway od'erH parent advantages, or hy enterin;.^ the George McKay
Hearn, where it in at present worked, or in that vicinity, this part of the
property heing that which at present oflTerH the best prospect of a large
rxt< III of good eoal, though more distant from the means of shipment.
Iti either cawe IrialM Hhouid b(; made hy surfuce pits, and by boring to
aMcertain the pnvisc locality where all conditions are most lavourable.
Such (rxploralions would also, in all prfibabiltiy, ascertain the existence
of a heconil workable heil in connexion with the Stewart seam, and would
alwo likr;ly Iraei; the e.xtf^nsion of the (Jeorge McKay bed nearer to the
laiivviiy, Ihiiri the site, of the present working.

Should it be ditlermined to open the lower seams, these might readily
br entered from their outcrop on the north side of the area near New
(iiiiMgovv, or thi'y might be rtiached at ikj great depth on the north-eastern
piirt of tlie iireii. 'i'he former piac^e would be more convenient .n relation
to mniiiH of MJiipmiiit. The latter would afford the best prospect of a
hir;'e exteiiMioii olihc beds witiiout disturbance.

'I'hii reiiiiivi' ijunliiy of the coal in these places has not yet been ascer-
liiiiifd, liiil llii' probnliilities arc in favour of its superiority in the last

IIKUltinlli'd.

I'lxploniliotiH to deleiiniue the points above indicated, could, if judi-
ciiiiisiy conducted, lie made without gn'af expense, as the outcrops of the
MciiiuM lire known in a number of jjlaccs, and there is nothing to prevent
ihr immediiitc opening of the upjier seams on a very moderate scale of
rxpi'iiililiire.

I iiiive at Inched to this rejiort a small plan, shewing the exposures of
I he (lulcrops, nut", the probable exliiision of the beds.

J. W. DAWSON.

iMiiMiji: \i., September "J-, ISGS.

Halifax, N. S., July 25th, 18C8.

Sir, — The following report is the result ot my examinfttion of the
Coal nrens. known as the East River and Cleo. M<'Kay properties, in the
County of Pietoii. Tiiey arc situate<l on the oast siilc of East River, the
town of New Glas<i;ow and the Nova Scotia Railway being on the western
extremity of the first named area. Tiie McKay area adjoins the East
River area iit the eastern end, and rtmning iu tiie same course, the two
together have a continuous range upwards of three miles in length, and
half a mile in breadth.

The eastern portion of the Pictou coal field has only of late years
received such attention as has tended lO develope its configuration, for
although the existence of some of the seams was known several years ago,
they were only partially worked for the use of the neighbourhood.

The discovery, however, by I\Ir. Ilaliburtou and others of a northern
crop of a scam on both the west ami east sides of the P^a-'t River, agree-
ing in so many respects with the main scam of the Albion Mines, as to
leave little doidjt of its identity, and of other scams at the eastern ex-
iremity of the McKay area, has thrown considerable light upon this dis-
trict, and much enhanced its value; iiuisinuch as both the northeru and
the southern crop of that seam, having now been opened on the oast side
of the river, the usual basin shape of carboniferous deposits is evident,
and tiie j)Osition of the over and underlying seams may be assigned with
less hazard of error.

Guided in my opinion of the value of these properties by such infor-
mation as I have been able to obtain, and by the observations which I
have personally made, I will briefly state the result of my examination of
the different openings on and near the areas in question.

On the East River property three seams have been opened — the
Stewart, the Richardson, and the Foster scams. The former was worked
several years ago by the predecessors of the General Mining Association,
and is reputed to be of excellent quality, and 3 feet 9 inches thick. A
crop of this seam is in Potter's brook, a short distance south of the south-
ern boundary of the area, where it has a dip to the east ; this crop runs
into the western end of the area and then trends eastward, embracing a
considerable tract of coal, probably not less than 150 acres, between the
crop and the south boundary.

The Richardson seam lies conformably with the Stewart, and has
been opened by a shaft near the crop. Its thickness is 2 feet 9 inches,
and as it is therefore not likely to be mined for some time for the general
trade, it has been leased to a Pottery Company, whose works are on the
property.

The Foster seam has also been sunk to by a shaft situated about 1110
yards to the east of the Richardson shaft, and near the northern boundary
of the area. The seam has at this point a dip to the west, and is evidently
on an eastern crop, the course of the strata having been traced to the
south-west of the shaft, with a trending in that direction. The direction
of this dip of the seam, considered in connection with the Stewart and
Richardson seams at the west end of the area, conclusively, shows that

these seams are au upper series in relation to the Main seam ; the area
covered by them is in consequence of less extent than that iinderhiid by
tiiat seam. From this circumstance, however, it is probable that they
will not in the centre of the basin He at a great depth, and they may
therefore, be reached with a moderate outlay,

Tiiose upper seams appear to be peculiar to this district of the Pictou
coal iield, inasmucli as they have not yet been found on the western side
of the river ; an additional value of some importance is thus attached to
Ill's particular locality.

In connection witii tlie area, it iS important to state that in view of
tlie preceding circumstances as to the position of the seams, it is j^ident
that a large extent of it, probably three-fourths, will be underlaid by the
nuiin seam. As the nortliern crop of this seam is on the area, it "-ives a
facility of opening, which need not be attended with much cost.

On the McKay area, a seam has been opened near the eastern bound-
ary, the thickness of which is over four (4) feet. The relation of tliis
seam with those on the East River area, is not yet sufTiciently clear to
warrant an assignment of position with respect to them. It is evidently
one of the upper series, and may probably in the course of exploration or
0£ working, be certified as one of the seams on that area.

Some trial pits near this opening indicate a trending of the crop of
ihis seam in a southerly direction ; this will add considerably to tiie extent
to which the area is at present assumed to be underlaid by it. It is the
only seam that has been opened on the McKay area ; other ocams have,
however, been opened on the adjoining properly to the south-east, which
ar3 of a workable size, and of excellent qaality. Their position is also
such, that it may be fairly inferred they will be found on the area.

The preceding includes the chief points of interest in connection with
the entire property, as to the value of which I may state that I am very
favorably impressed. It is peculiarly Avell situated, both witii respect to
its geological position, and its commercial facilities, and I doubt not, that
as explorations arc extended, they will be confirmatory of my opinion of
the value of the property.

I may add in conclusion, that tl'e proposition of the present proprie-
tors to open the Stewart seam, which from its vicinity to the town of Is^ew
Glasgow and the Nova Scotia Railway, Avould command a ready sale,
is I consider worthy of adoption ; and the estimated cost of opening and
placing it in effective Avorking order for the sum of £6000, will be found
amply suilicient. This estimate may appear small as compared with the
ordinary cost of erecting a mining establishment, but as the proximity of
New Glasgow will prevent the necessity of providing workmen's houses,
and as only a short line of railway w ill be required to connect the works
with file Nova .Scotia Railway, as compared wit'i other mines in the dis-
trict, the outlay for these purposes, which is generally a very large one,
is avoided

I am, Sir, your obedt. servant,

JOHN RUTHERFORD.
To "\V. r>. Lajiiu:, Esq., Montreal.

Estimate of Cost for opening the Stewart Seam on the '■'■East River" area.

Main slope, 150 yds. including timber, rails, sleepers,

&c., for double track $2500.00

Additional slope or shaft for ventilation 2000.00

25 H. P. Engine, with two Boilers, Drums, &c 3000.00

House for do. and sundry masonry 750.00

Pumps and pumping apparatus 700.00

80 Tubs at $25 each 2000.00

Wire ropes, chains, &c 150.00

Heapstead and Screens 700.00

Shops, office, and other erections 2000.00

Sundry materials, rails, sleepers, iron, timber, tools.. 3000.00

$16,800.00
John Rutherford.

Nem' Glasgow, June 15, 1868.

Sir, — In reply to your enquiry as to the quality of the Coal used by
me in the following works, I have to state as follows :

We have principally used the coal from the Montreal and New Glas-
gow Company's seam of coal, near Cool brook, and the Marsh coal from
the McBean property.

Both these coals seem to come from the same seam, as they are pre-
cisely similar in regard to heating power, ash, &c., though there is less
ash in the latter than in the former. The coals surprised me by their
unusual heating power, which from my not making allowance for it,
damaged our furnace at first. We got the oven up to full heat (60°) in
15 J hours by slow fire, and by 3i hours close fire to about 98°. I have
used the best English and Welsh coals in Staffordshire and Somersetshire
Potteries, and with them it would require from 24 to 28 hours to attain
60°. The coal burns to a light ash, and has very little iron or clinker in
it. It is far superior to the "Albion Mines," and is a better coal than
the Middle River coal, and is unsurpassed as a steam coal. I have never
seen its heating powers equalled by any South Wales coal. It should
make a first class steam coal. It is too hot for our purpose. Had we
used it as we would English coal, the whole furnace would have been
destroyed.

Yours respectfully,

To E. C. Dawson, Esq.,

Manager of the

Crown Brick and Pottery Co.,
New Glasgow,

McNICOL,

Burner.

Crown Brick and Pottery Works,

New Glasgow, 16th June, 1868.
My dear Halihurton^ —

I have made the euquiries you wish about the McKay Coal, and
enclose our burner's report. I believe also from .'le reports I have heard
that it h the best steam coal yet found iu the Province. Hoping the'
report is satisfactory, °

I am,

Yours truly,

EDWARD C. DAWSON.
R. G. Haliburton, Esq., Halifax.

We, the rndersigned, do hereby certify that we have used the Coal
from the sea known as the Geo. McKay s^am, situated near New
Glasgow, and aow owned by Messrs. McKay, Lindsay and others in the
Steamer " E.d,st Riding," from the 1st June to this date, and found the
coal superior to any other we have used. It will give more steam and
gets it up quicker. It gives less clinker and almost 30 per cent, less ash,
keeps the bars clean, and is superior iu every respect for steam purposes
to any other coal we have as yet used.

John "ii. Cabmichael, Owner.
Jas. J. McKay, Captain.
Robert Russell, Engineer.
Robfrt McCann, Fireman.
New Glasgow, July IQfh, 18G7.