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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". IMaps, plates, charts, etc., mey be filmed at different reduction retios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmto A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atra reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film* A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 6 6 FRONTISPIECE. # m^^ ft^r.. AN OTAHEITAN CHIEF. % ^ ^^^- ^1 -** ' THE ^.■kCiT^ LIFE ^' *^^ .->^ »4^ OP CAPTAIN JAMES COOK, A NEW EDITION. LONDON: f • Printed for tke Executrix of the late W. Wetton; - ^ r AND SOLD BT C. F. COCK, 21, FLEET STREET, Aad all Booktellerca ^■^ 1881. % '4%. 910P <♦. - • • k I PREFACE The life of Captain Cook, which is the sub- ject of the following pages, holds out an instructive encouragement to those who, in their conduct through life, always combine industry and virtue. The young reader will perceive from it, that the humble birth of this illustrious sea- man was no bar to his advancement in life ; his excellent character, not less than his professional skill, always recommended him to the notice of his superiors, and at last gave him those opportunities which have placed him in the first rank of naval dis- coverers Captain Cook, however, is not known to the world merely as one who so much in- creased our knowledge of the geography of the earth ; he has left behind him the far higher character of having employed all his talents in improving the condition, and thus advancing the happiness, of his fellow- creatures. It must not, however, be supposed from this narrative, that every man who v/i^hes to rise eminently above his condition, \. " al- ways find his honest endeavours crowned ^ ,n. f;^ f^ - PE^W. IV PREFACE. .?'' It with success; tliat is reserved for those whom the Almighty has gifted with extra- ordinary talents, and it is our duty to live contented with the lot assigned us ; but it is hoped to establish this important truth, that industry, prudence, honesty, and persever- ance, are ever sure of being rewarded, even in this world ; and though they may not raise us to honours, will vet bbtain for us the good opinion and protection of our su- ^periors, and the respect and esteem of our equals ; and that it is in every man's power to be a useful member of society, and ao example to those amongst whom he lives. 1^. .* '' ,ii n LIFE OF CAPTAIN JAMES COOK. CHAP. I. Captain James Cook bad no claim to distinction, on account of the lustre of his birth, or the dignity of his ancestors. His father, James Cook, was in the humble station of a farm servant, and married a woman of the same rank with himself, whose Christian name was Grace. Both of them were noted in their neighbourhood for their honesty, so- briety, and diligence, qualities which are estimable even in the humblest station. At Marton, in Yorkshire, Captain Cook was born, on the 27th October, 1728. He was one of nine children, all of whom died young, ex- cepting a daughter, who married a fisherman at Redcar. He was taught to read by Dame Walker, the school-mistress of the village. When he was eight years of age, his father, in consequence of the character he had ob- tained for industry, frugality, and skill in husbandry, was appointed head servant to a t%rm called AJry Holme near Great Ayton, : A 2 ....:..,> ■^ f "A 2 LIFE OF ;.' t To this place, therefore, he removed with his family ; and his son James, at his master's expence, was put to a day-school in Ay ton, where he was instructed in writing, and in a few of the 6rst rules of arithmetic. Before he was thirteen years of age, he was bound an apprentice to Mr. William Sander- son, a haberdasher at Staiths, a considerable fishing town about ten miles north of Whitby. This employment, however, was very unsuit- able to young Cook's disposition. The sea was the object of his inclination ; and his passion for it could not avoid being strengthened by the great number of vessels almost constantly passing and repassing within sight of him, between London, Shields, and Sunderland ; he prevailed therefore on his master to give him his discharge, and soon after bound him- self for seven years to Messrs. John and Henry Walker, of Whitby, principal owners of two ships, which were constantly employed in the coal trade. After he was out of his time, he continued to serve in the coal and other branches of trade, in the capacity of a com- mon sailor; at length, he was raised to be mate of one of Mr. John Walker's ships, and some time after had an offer of the place of captain, which he declined, having resolved, as he expressed it, to try his fortune in the navy. In the spring of the year 1755, accordingly he went to a rendezvous at Wapping, and entered aboard the Eagle man of war, of CAPTAIN COOK. ^ mxty guns. Sir Hugh Palliser took the command soon after, and found in her James Cook, whom he soon distinguished to be an able, diligent, and well conducted seaman. In the course of some time, Captain Pal- liser received a letter from some respectable persons in Scarborough, requesting, if he thought Cook deserving of it, that he would point out in what manner they might best assist towards forwarding the young man's promotion. The captain, in his reply, did justice to Cook's merit, and added, that a master's warrant might, perhaps, be procured for him, by which he would be raised to a station that he was well qualified to dischai'ge with ability and credit. Such a warrant he obtained on the 15th of May, 1759, for the Mercury, which sailed shortly after to join the expedition against Quebec, in North America. During that siege, a difficult and dangerous service was necessary to be performed. This was to take the soundings in the channel of the river St. Lawrence, in the very face of ths enemy's camp, in order to enable the admiral to place ships against the French batteries. • Captain Palliser, in consequence of his acquaintance with Mr. Cook's sagacity and resolution, recommended him to the service ; and he performed it in the most complete manner. In this business be was employed during l.kU, 4 LIFE or the nignt time, for several nights together. At length, he was discovered by the enemy, who collected a great number of Indians and canoes, in a wood near the water-side, which were launched in the night, for the Eurpose of surrounding him, and cutting im off. On this occasion, he had a very narrow escape. He was obliged to run for it, and pushed on shore on the island of Orleans, near the guard of the English hos- pital. Some of the Indians entered at the stern of the boat, as Mr. Cook leaped out at the bow; and the boat, which was a barge belonging to one of the ships of war, was carried away in triumph. After the expedition at Quebec, Mr. Cook, by warrant from Lord Colvill, was appointed, on the 22d of September, master of his own ship, the Northumberland man of war. In this station, Mr. Cook's behaviour did not fail to gain him the esteem and friendship of his commander. He had received a very indif- ferent education, but being sensible that the ignorant can never expect to rise, he en- deavoured to remove that deficiency, by unremitting assiduity in the intervals of leisure which his employment allowed. The books of which he had the assistance were few in number; but his industry enabled him to supply many defects, and to make a pro- gress far superior to what could be expected from the advantages he enjoyed. '# CAPTAIN COOK, 6 While Mr. Cook was master of the Nor- thumberlandy under Lord Colvill, that ship being ordered to Newfoundland, in Septem- ber, 1762, he had an opportunity of recom- mending himself to Admiral (then Captain) Graves, the governor, by the accurate surveys he made of the harbour and coast. This esteem which Captain Graves had conceived for him, was confirmed by the testimonies to his character that were given by all the officers under whom he served. In |the latter end of 1762, Mr. Cook returned to England; and on the 2lst of December, in the same year, married, at Barking, in Essex, Miss Elizabeth Batts, an amiable and deserving woman, who was justly entitled to, and enjoyed, his tenderest regard and affection. But his station in life, and the high duties to which he was called, did not permit him to partake of matrimonial felicity, without many and very long interruptions. Early in the year 1763, it was deternciined that Captain Graves should go out again, as Governor of Newfoundland. As the country was very valuable in a commercial view, the captain obtained an establishment for the survey of its coasts; and knowing Mr. Cook's mind, made proposals to him to go out as surveyor, to which, notwithstanding his recent marriage, he readily and prudently acceded. Accordingly, he went out with 6 LIFE OF i the i^aptam a surveyor, and fully justified the good opinion Avhich he had conceived of him. Indeed, it is a striking proof of Mr. Cook's merit, that every one he served under became afterwards his warmest friend and patron, and never omitted an oppor- tunity of shewing the highest opinion of his character and abilities. During these four years, the leisure which his professional duties allowed him, was employed in the study of mathematics and astronomy, both of which are so necessary to a complete knowledge of seamanship ; and such was the assiduity with which he applied himself, that at the period of his final return from NewfQundland, in 1767, he had already acquired the character of 'oeing an able mathematician. CHAP. 11. Shortly after Mr. Cook's return to England, an expedition to Otaheite, one oif the South Sea Islands, was resolved on, for the purpose of observing th^ passage of the planet Venus across the Sun, a point which, it will be sufficient for the reaaer to know, was eminently calculated to advance tl^e interests of science. No person appeared to his Majesty George III., and the Board pJT Admiralty, so well qualified as Cook, to command the vessel which was to carry out • ,t. CAPTAIN COOK. 7 the observers. His character, as has been already stated, ranked high, and he was recommended in the warmest manner by his steady friend Sir Hugh Palliser, who em- braced with pleasure this opportunity of rewarding his professional merit, and exem- plary character. On this occasion, Mr. Cook was promoted to the tank of a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, his commission bearing date the 25th of May, 1768. To ensure as many advantages as possible from an expedition on which, on account of its importance, the attention of Europe was* fixed, the lieutenant was accompanied by tlie present Sir Joseph Banks, the venerable president of the Royal Society, who may be justly stiled the father of the scientific world, by Dr. Solander, the celebrated botanist, and by Mr. Green, the astronomer. It is but seldom that distant enterprijses have been undertaken, unless for the purposes of avarice or ambition, but on this occasion th^ sole objects of the expedition, which was likely to prove tedious, fatiguing, and danger- ous, were the advancement of knowledge, and the improvement and happiness of those savage countries which were to be visited. The complement of Lieutenant Cook'is ship, which was called the Endeavour, and was of 370 tons burden, consisted of eighty- four persons, besides the commander. Her victualling was for eighteen months; and ^: W- i '1 I If 8 LIFE OF there were put on board of her ten carriage and twelve swivel guns, together with an ample store of ammunition, and other neces- saries. On the 30th of July, all things being aboard, the Endeavour sailed down the river, and on the 26th of August got under weigh from Plymouth Sound. Without mentioning the intermediate places at which the Endeavour stopped to take in supplies of fresh provisions and water, it will suffice to state, that after a very prosperous navigation, she entered the Strait Le Maire on the 14th of January, 1769 ; on the 11th of April arrived in sight of Otaheite ; and on the 13th she came to an anchor in Port Royal Bay, which is called Matavai by the natives. As the stay of the English in the island was not likely to be very short, and much depended on the manner in which traffic should be carried on with the inhabi- tants, Lieutenant Cook, with great good sense and humanity, drew up a set of regu- lations for the behaviour of his people, and gave it in command, that they should punc- tually be observed. ,^^_ One of the first things that occupied the lieutenant's attention, after his arrival at Otaheite, was to prepare for the execution of his grand commission. For this purpose, he determined to go on shore and fix upon some spot, commanded by the guns of the ship, where he might throw up a small fort ':i 1 CAPTAIN COOK. for defence, and get every thing ready for making the astronomical observation. Accordingly, he took a party of men and landed, being accompanied by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Green. They soon fixed upon a place very proper for their design, and which was at a considerable distance from any habitation of the natives. While the gentlemen were marking out the ground which they intended to occupy, and seeing a small tent erected, that belonged to Mr. Banks, a great number of the people of the country gathered gradually around them, but with no hostile appearance, as there was not among the Indians a single weapon of any kind. Mr. Cook, however, intimated that none of them were to come within the line he had drawn, excepting one who appeared to be a chief, and Owhaw, a native, who attached himself to the English. The lieutenant endeavoured to make these two persons understand, that the ground which had been marked out, was only wanted to sleep upon for a certain number of nights, and that then it would be quitted; and he was glad to find that they behaved with a deference and respect which were highly pleasing. They sat down without the ^ circle, peaceably and uninterruptedly attend- ing to the progress of the business, which was upwards of two hours in completing This matter being finished , and Mr. Cook B \ V J ! I w> r* \j LIPE OF having appointed thirteen marines and a petty officer to guard the tent, he and the gentlemen with him set out upon a little excursion into the woods of the country. They had not, however, gone far, before they were brought back by a very disagreeable event. One of the Indians had watched an opportunity of taking the sentry unawares, and had snatched away his musket. Upon this, the petty officer who commanded the party, and who was a midshipman, ordered the marines to fire. With equal want of consideration, and, perhaps, with equal in- humanity, the men immediately discharged their pieces among the thickest of the flying crowd, who consisted of more than a hun- dred. It being observed that the thief did not fall, he was pursued, and shot dead. From subsequent information it happily ap-* peared, that none of the natives besides were either killed or wounded. , Lieut. Cook, who was highly displeased with the conduct of the petty officer, used every method in his power to dispel the terrors and apprehensions of the Indians, but not immediately with effect. The next morning,. but few of the inhabitants were seen upon the beach, and not one of them came off ta the ship. In the evening, however, when' the lieutenant went on shore with only a boat's crew, and some of the gentlemen, be- tween thirty and forty of the natives gathered '# -V- if CAPTAIN COOK. 11 around them, and trafHcked with them, in a friendly manner, for cocoa-nuts, and other fruit. On the 26th, the lieutenant mounted six swivel guns upon the fort, on which occasion he saw, with concern, that the natives were alarmed and terrified. Some fishermen, who lived upon the point, removed to a greater distance; and Owhaw informed the English, by signs, of his expectation, that in foiir days they would fire their great guns. The lieutenant, on the succeeding day, gave a striking proof of his regard to justice, and of his care to preserve the inhabitant^ from injury and violence, by the punishment he inflicted on the butcher of the Endeavour, who was accused of having threatened, or attempted, the life of a woman that was the wife of a chief, remarkable for his attach- ment to our navigators. The butcher wanted to purchase of her a stone hatchet for a nail. To this bargain she absolutely refused to ac- cede ; upon which, the fellow catched up the hatchet, and threw down the nail ; threaten- ing, at the same time, that if she made any resistance, he would cut her throat with a reaping-hook which he had in his hand. The affair being repoited by Mr. Banks to Lieut. Cook, he took an opportunity, when the chief and his wife, with others of the natives, were on board the ship, to call up the offender, and, after recapitulating the accusation, and la LIFIi OF proof of it, to give orders for his immediate punishment. While the butcher was stripped, and tied up to the rigging, the Indians pre- served a fixed attention, and waited for the eveMt in silent suspense. But as soon as the first stroke was inflicted, such was the huma- nity of these people, that they interfered with great agitation, and earnestly entreated that the rest of the punishment might be remitted. To this, however, the lieutenant, for various reasons, could not grant his consent; and, when they found that their intercessions were ineffectual, they manifested their com- passion by tears. The lieutenant, and the rest of the gentle- men, had hitherto, with a laudable discretion, bartered only beads for bread-fruit, cocoa- nuts, and other provisions. But the market becoming slack, they were obliged for the first time, on the 8th of May, to bring out their nails ; and such was the effect of this new commodity, that one of the smallest size, which was about four inches long, pro- cured twenty cocoa-nuts, and bread-fruit in proportion. j . .. As the day approached for executing the grand purpose of the voyage, it will be sup- posed that Lieutenant Cook felt great anxiety lest any thing should prevent the observation from being successfully made ; to have accom plished such a voyage fruitlessly, would have been to him and his companions a cruel =1 .•'■jv;.' f CAPTAIN COOK. 13 It is >t In e i disappointment, and yet such a failure must have occurred, had the weather been unfa- vourable. They could not sleep in peace the preceding night; but their apprehensions were happily removed by the sun s rising, on the mormng of the 3d of June, without a cloud. The weather continued with equal clearness throughout the whple of the day ; so that the observation was successfully made, as well at the Observatory, as upon a neighbouring island, whither a party ha4 been sent for that purpose. A valuable employment of Mr. Banks was the planting of a great quantity of the seeds of water-melons, oranges, lemons, limes, and other plants and trees, which he had brought from Rio de Janeiro, with the benevolent de- sign of adding these fruits to the native ve- getable productions of the place. *'' Lieutenant Cook now began to prepare for his departure ; previous to which, however, he found himself involved in a dispute with the natives, from which nothing but the great- est prudence on his part could have extri- cated him. In the middle of the night, be- tween the 8th and 9th of July, Clement Webb and Samuel Gibson, two of the marines, went privately from the fort. As they were not to be found in the morning, Mr. Cook was apprehensive that they intended to stay behiud; but being unY^illing to endanger the harmony aid good-will which at present sub- b2 1 1 14 LIFE OF sisted between our people and the natives, he determined to wait a day for the chance of the men's return. As, to the great con- cern of the lieutenant, the marines were not come back on the morning of the 10th, in- quiry was made after them of the Indians, who acknowledged that each of them had taken a wife, and had resolved to become in- habitants of the country. After some deli- beration, two of the natives undertook to conduct such per5ons to the place of the de- serters' retreat, as Mr. Cook should think proper to send ; and accordingly he dis- patched with the guides a petty officer, and the corporal of the marines. As it was of the utmost importance to recover the men, and to do it speedily, it was intimated to several of the chiefs who were in the fort with their wives, that they would not be permitted to leave it till the fugitives were returned ; and the lieutenant had the pleasure of observing that they received the intimation with very little indications of alarm. While this trans- action took place at the fort, our commander sent Mr. Hicks in the pinnace to fetch Too- tahah, another chief, on board the ship. Mr. Cook had reason to expect, if the Indian guides proved faithful, that the deserters, and those who went in search of them, would return before the evening. Being disap* pointed, his suspicions increased, and think- mg it not safe when the nigiA ^ipproached. •S'P ! CAPTAIN COOK, 15 in- ^f^ and eral 1 heir 1 to and # very W. ans- ider led, to let the persons whom he had detained as hostages continue at the fort, he ordered them to be taken on board the Endeavour; a circumstance which excited so general an alarm, that several of them, and especially the women, expressed their apprehensions with great emotion, and many tears. Webb, about nine o'clock, was brought back by some of the natives, who declared that Gib- son, and the petty officer and corporal, would not be restored till Tootahah should be set at liberty. Lieutenant Cook now found that the tables were turned upon him ; but, having proceeded too far to retreat, he immediately dispatched Mr. Hicks in the long-boat, with a strong party of men, to rescue the prison- ers. Tootahah was, at the same time, in- formed, that it behoved him to send some of his people with them, for the purpose of af- fording them effectual assistance. With this injunction he readily complied, and the pri- soners were restored without the least oppo- sition. On the next day, they were brought back to the ship, upon which the chiefs were released from their confinement. Thus ended an affair which bad given the lieu- tenant a great deal of trouble and concern. It appears, however, that the measure which he pursued was the result of an absolute necessity ; since it was only by the seizure of the chiefs that he could have recovered bis men ^ 16 LIF£ OF 1 ii «%. Tupia was one of the natives who h^d so particularly devoted himself to the English, that he had scarcely ever been absent from them during the whole of their stay at Ota- heite. To his knowledge of the habits and manners of his countrymen, he added great experience in navigation, and a particular acquaintance with the number and situation of the neighbouring islands. This man had often expressed a desire to go with our navi- gators, and when they were ready to depart, he came on board, with a boy about thirteen years of age, and intreated that he might De permitted to proceed with them on their voyage. To have such a person in the En- deavour, was desirable on many accounts ; and, therefore. Lieutenant Cook gladly ac- ceded to his proposal. ^ On the 13th of July, the English weighed anchor ; and as soon as the ship was under sail, the Indians on board took their leaves, and wept, with a decent and silent sorrow, in which there was something very striking and tender. Tupia sustained himself in this scene with a truly admirable firmness and resolu- tion : for, though he wept, the effort he made to conceal his tears concurred, ^^with them, to do him honour. The Endeavour, on the 16th, being close in with the north-wesi part of Huaheine, some canoes soon came off, in one of which was the king of the island and his wife. At first, . f ;.. "rty ;t.'^ ' ■ ;* ^*"a»4 .«%' ;, J "e^ .<■.- ■^litiaitS- . o < % < < vff' C/VPTATN COOK. 17 the people seemed afraid ; but, upon seeinij Tupia, their apprehensions were in part re- moved, and, at length, in consequence of frequent and earnestly-repeated assurances of friendship, their majesties, and several others, ventured on board the ship. When they had become more familiar, Mr. Cook was given to understand that the king was called Oree, and that he proposed, as a mark of amity, their making; an exchange of their names. To this our commander rea- dily consented ; and, during the remainder of their being together, the lieutenant was Oree, and his majesty was Cookee. After a tedious navigation of some days, Lieutenant Cook came to an anchor on the 1st of August, in a harbour of the island of Ulietea, one of the same group in which Otaheite is situated, and to which he gave the name of the Sandwich Islands, in honour of his patron, the first lord at the Admiralty Board. . On the 5th of August, Opoony, the king of these islands, sent Mr. Cook a present of three hogs, some fowls, and several pieces of cloth, of uncommon length, together with a considerable quantity of plantains, cocoa- nuts, and other refreshments. This present was accompanied with a message, that, on the next day, he intended to pay our commander a visit Accordingly, on the 6tb the lieu- tenant and the rest of the gentlemen all staid IB LIFE OF ..IT 1 , i at home, in expectation of the important vi- sitor ; who did not, however, make his ap- pearance, but sent three very young girls as his messengers, to demand something in re- turn for his present. In the afternoon, as the great king would not go to the English, the English determined to go to the great king. From the account which had been given of him, as being a great conqueror, and the terror of all his neighbours, Lieutenant Cook and his companions expected to see a young and vigorous chief, with an intelligent coun- tenance, and the marks of an enterprising spirit ; instead of which, they found a feeble old man, withered and decrepid, half blind with age, and so sluggish and stupid, that he scarcely appeared to be possessed even of a . common degree of understanding. On the 9th of August our voyagers re- sumed their course, .and on the 6th of Oc- tober discovered land, which was afterwards found to be a part of New Zealand. Lieutenant Cook, having anchored on the 8th, in a bay at the entrance of a small river^ went on shore in the evening, with the pin- nace and yawl, accompanied by Mr* Banks and Dr. Solander, and attended by a party of men. When they came near the place . where the Indians were assembled, the latter all ran away : and the gentlemen, having left ^ four boys to take care of the yawl, walked up to several huts, which were about t at < i !!r CAPTAIN COOK. 19 »* three hundred yards from the water-side. — They had not gone very far, when four men, armed with long lances, rushed out of the woods, and running up to attack the boat, would certainly have cut her off, if they had not been discovered by the people in the pinnace, who called to the boys to drop down the stream. The boys instantly obeyed ; but being closely pursued by the natives, the cockswain of the pinnace, to whom the charge of the boats was committed, fired a musket over their heads. At this they stop- ped, and looked around them ; but their alarm speedily subsiding, they brandished their lances in a threatening manner, and in a few minutes renewed the pursuit. The firing of a second musket over their heads, did not draw from them any kind of notice. At last, one of them having lifted up his spear to dart it at the boat, another piece was fired, by which he was shot dead. At the fall of their associate, the three remain- ing Indians stood for a while motionless, and seemed petrified with astonishment. No sooner had they recovered themselves> than they went back, dragging after them the dead body, which, however, they were obligeci to leave, that it might not retard their flight Lieutenant Cook, and his friends, who had straggled at a little distance from each other were drawn together upon the report of th^ first musket, and returned speeds '' to tlia 20 LIFE OP boat, in which naving crossed tne river, they soon beheld the Indian lying dead upon the ground. After their return to the ship, they could hear the people on shore talking with great earnestness, and in a very loud tone of voice. Notwithstanding this disaster, the lieu- tenant, being desirous of establishing an in- tercourse with the natives, ordered, on the following day, three boats to be manned, and proceeded towards the shore, accom- panied by Tupia. About fifty of the inha- bitants seemed to wait for their landing, having seated themselves upon the ground, on the opposite side of the river. This being regarded as a sign of fear, Mr. Cook ad- vanced towards them ; but had not gone many paces before all the Indians started up, and every man produced either a long pike, or a small weapon of green talk. Though Tupia called to them in the language of Otaheite, they only answered by flourish- ing their weapons, and making signs for the gentlemen to depart. On a musket's being fired wide of them, tney desisted from their threats ; and our commander, who had pru- dently retreated till the marines could be landed, again advanced towards them, with his companions. Tupia was a second time directed to speak to them, and it was per- ceived with great pleasure that he was per- fectly understood, his and their language [O CAPTAIN COOK. 21 being the same, excepting only in a diver- sity of dialect. He informed them, that our voyagers only wanted provision and water, in exchange for iron, the properties of which he explained, as far as he was able. Though the natives seemed willing to trade, Tupia was sensible, during the course of his conversation with them, that their intentions were unfriendly ; and of this he repeatedly warned the English gentlemen. This hostility at last became so apparent, that the lieutenant, finding that nothing, at this place, could be done with these people, and that the water in the river was salt, pro- ceeded in the boats, round th^ head of the bay, in search of fresh water. A few days after, a circumstance ookcurred which shewed how ready the inhabitants of New Zealand were to take advantage o. our navigators. In a large armed canoe, which came boldly alongside of the ship, was a man who had a black skin thrown over him, somewhat like that of a bear. Mr. Cook being desirous of knowing to what animal it originally belonged, offered the Indian for it a piece of red baize. With this bargain he seemed to be greatly pleased, immediately pulling off the skin, and hold- ing it up in the boat. He would not, how- ever, part with it till he had the cloth in his possession ; and as there could be no transfer of property, if equal caution should 212 LIFE OF be exercised on both sides, the iieutenant ordered the baize to be delivered into his hands. Upon this, instead of sending up the skin, he begari with amazing coolness to pack up both that and the cloth, which he had received as the purchase of it, in a basket ; nor did he pay the least regard to Mr. Cook's demand or remonstrances, but soon after put off from the English vessel. Our commander was too generous to revenge this insult by any act of severity. On the 8th of November Mr. Cook was near an island which he called the Mayor, the in» habitants of which displayed many instances of hostility, and, in their traffic with our navigators, committed various acts of fraud and robbery. As the lieutenant intended to continue in the place five or six days in order to make an astronomical observation , it was absolutely necessary, for the pre- vention of future mischief, to convince these people that the English were not to be ill-treated with impunity. Accordingly, some small shot were fired at a thief of uncommon insolence, and a musket ball was discharged through the bottom of his boat. Upon tViis, it was paddled to about a hundred yards distance; and, to the surprise of Mr. Cook and his friends, the Indians in the other canoes took not the least notice of their woun led companion, though ift bled very much b it returned to the ship. mant o his g up ilness vhich , in a rd to , but cssel. ^enge »near iie in- ances h our fraud ed to vs in tion, pre- vince ot to ef of ball f his bout the the least ugh jbip, f^i CAPTAIN COOK. ^3 and continued to trade with the most perfect indifference and unconcern. For a con- siderable time they dealt fairly. At last, however, one of them thought fit to move off with two different pieces of cloth which had been given for the same weapon. When he had gotten to such a distance that he thought himself secure of his prizes, a musket was fired after him, which fortunately struck the boat just at the water's edge, and made two holes in her side. This excited such an alarm, that not only the people who were shot at, but all the rest of the canoes, made off with the utmost expedition. As the last proof of superiority, our commander ordered a round shot to be fired over them, and the effects of the fiash, the noise and the bound-* ing of the ball, was, that not a boat stopped till they got to land. . .« itt ::*/«• ^:^^ In the range from Isle of Mayor, several canoes, on the 18th, put off from different places, and advanced towards the En- deavour. When two of these canoes, in which there might be about sixty, men, came within the reach of the human voice, the Indians sung their war song; but see- ing that little notice was taken of them, they threw a few stones at the English, and then rowed off towards the shore. In a short time, however, they returned, as if with a fixed resolution to provoke our voyagers to a battle, animating themselves bv their c 2 J f . LIFE OP song as they had done before. It was on this occasion that Tupia exhibited proofs of discretion and good sense which deserve to be related : without any directions from the geiv^lemen of the Endeavour, he began to expostulate with the natives, and told them that our people had weapons which could destroy them in -a moment. Their answer to this expostulation was, in their own language, ** Come on shore, and we will kill you all.*' ** Well,*' replied Tupia, ** but why should " you molest us while we are at sea ? As " we do not wish to fight, we shall not accept " your challenge to come on shore ; and " here, there is no pretence for a quarrel, the sea being no more your property than the ship." This eloquence, which greatly surprised Lieutenant Cook and his friends, as they had not suggested to Tupia any of the arguments he made use of, produced no effect upon the minds of the Indians, who soon renewed their attack. The oratory of a musket, which was fired through one of their boats, but so as not to hurt one of them, quelled their courage, and sent them instantly away. ' On the 29th of November, Lieutenant Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and others with them, were in a situation somewhat critical and alarming. Having landed upon an island in the neighbourhood of Cape Bret, they were in a few minutes surrounded by two or « « CAPTAIN COOK. 25 as on Dfs of rve to n the an to them could ver to :uage, I all/' hould ? As iccept ; and larrel, ' than reatly ends, ny of ed no who ry of e of e of them ¥ look, with itical iland Ithey '0 or i. three hundred people. Though the Indians were all armed, they came on in so confused and straggling a manner, that it did not ap- pear that any injury was intended by them ; and the English gentlemen were determined that hostilities should not begin on their part. At first, the natives continued quiet; but their weapons were held ready to strike, and they seemed to be rather irresolute than peaceable. While the lieutenant and his friends remained in this state of suspense, another party of Indians came up ; and the boldness of the whole body being increased by the augmentation of their numbers, they began the dance and song which are their preludes to a battle. An attempt that was made by a number of them to seize the two boats which had brought our voyagers to land, appeared to be the signal for a general attack. It now became necessary for Mr. Cook to exert himself with vigour. Accord- ingly, he discharged his musket, which was loaded with small shot, at one of the for- wardest of the assailants, and Mr. Banks, and two of our men, fired immediatelv after- wards. Though this made the natives fail back in some confusion, nevertheless, one of the chiefs, who was at the distance of about twenty yards, had the courage to rally them, and calling loudly to his companions, led \hem on to the charge. Dr. Solander in- stantly discharged his piece at this cham- 9.6 LUL OF . / 'i i«J pion, who, upon feeling the shot^ stopped short, and then ran away, with the rest of his countrymen. Still, however, they did not disperse, but got upon rising ground, and seemed only to want some leader of re- solution to renew the assault. While our people were in this doubtful situation, which lasted about a quarter of an hour, the ship, from which a much greater number of na- tives were seen than could be discovered on shore, brought her broadside to bear, and entirely dispersed them, by firing a few shot over their heads. In this skirmish only two of them were hurt with the small shot, and not a single life was lost; a case which would not have happened if Lieutenant Cook had not humanely restrained his men. ^ On the same day, Mr. Cook displayed a very exemplary act of discipline. Some of the ship's people, who, when the natives were to be punished for a fraud, were inflexible in demanding justice, thought fit to break into one of their plantations, and to dig up a quan* tity of potatoes. For this, the lieutenant or- dered each of them to receive twelve lashes, after which two of them were released. But the third, in a singular strain of morality, insisted upon it that it was no crime in an Englishman to plunder an Indian plantation. The method taken by our commander was perhaps the only one such a man would have listened to ; it was, to send him back to his CAPTAIN COOK. 27 confinement, and not to permit him to be released till he had been punished with six lashes more. Nothing remarkable occurred between the 6th of December,when the Endeavour weighed anchor from New Zealand, and the 13th of January ; on the latter day, however, the ce- remony was performed of giving name to an inlet, where our voyagers had lain for some time, after quitting this inhospitable part of the coast, and of erecting a memorial of the visit which they had made to this place. The carpenter having prepared two posts for the purpose, our commander ordered them to be inscribed with the ship's name, and the dates of the year and the month. One of these he set up at the watering-place, hoisting the union flag upon the top of it; and the other he carried over to the island that lies nearest the sea, and which is called by the natives, Motuara. He went first, accompa- nied by Mr. Monkhouse and Tupia, to the neighbouring village, where he ^met with an old man, who had maintained a friendly inter- course with the English. To this old man, and several Indians besides, the lieutenant, by means of Tupia, explained his design, which he informed them was to erect a mark upon the island, in order to shew to any other ship which should happen to come thither, that our navigators had been there before. To this the inhabitants readily consented, and D 2 L iS 1 1 (1: LIFE OF promised that they would never pull it down. He then gave something to every one present, and to the old man a silver three-pence, and some spike-nails, with the king's broad arrow cut deep upon them. These were things which Mr. Cook thought were the most likely to be long preserved. After this, he conveyed the post to the highest part of the island ; and, having fixed it firmly in the ground, hoisted upon it the union flag, and honoured the inlet with the name of Queen Charlotte's Sound, in honour of her late majesty. At the same time he took formal possession of this and the adjacent country, in the name, and for the use, of his Majesty King George the Third. The ceremony was concluded by the gentlemen's drinking a bottle of wine to her majesty's health ; and the bottle being given to the old man who had attended them up the hill, he was highly delighted with his present. The young reader, perhaps, might inquire, on what ground Lieutenant Cook could take formal possession of this part of New Zea- land, in the name, and for the use, of the King of Great Britain, when the country was already inhabited, and of course be- longed to those by whom it was occupied. To this the best answer seems ^o be, that the lieutenant, in the ceremony performed by him, had no intention to deprive the inha^ bitants of their natural rights, but only to CAPTAIN COOK, 29 preclude the claims of future European navi- gators, who, under the auspices, and for the benefit, of their respective states or king- doms, might form pretensions to which they were not entitled by prior discovery. On the 31st of March, our commander having sailed from Cape Farewell in New Zealand, and pursued his voyage to the west- ward. New Holland, or, as it is now called. New South Wales, came in sight on the 19th of April; and on the 28th of that month, the ship anchored in a bay, to which, from the number of plants which were discovered growing on the adjoining shore, he gave the name of Botany Bay. This, it is well known, is the place to which criminals are banished when their offence is not so great as to be punishable by death, though it renders them unworthy of remaining any longer at home, to be a disgrace and a terror to their fellow countrymen. In the afternoon the boats were manned ; and Lieutenant Cook and his friends, having Tupia of their party, set out from the Endea- vour. They intended to land where they had seen some Indians, and began to hope, that as these Indians had paid no regard to the ship when she came into the bay, they would be as inattentive to the advances of the English towards the shore. In this, however, they were disappointed ; for as soon as they approached the rocks, two o^ the men came 30 LIFE OF ' I iS down upon tncm to dispute their landing, and the rest ran away. These champions, who were armed with lances about ten feet long, called to our navigators in a very loud tone, and in a harsh language, of which even Tupia did not understand a single word. At the same time, they brandished their weapons, and seemed resolved to defend their coast to the utmost, though they were but two to forty. The lieutenant, who could not but admire their courage, and who was unwilling that hostilities should commence with such inequality of force on their side, ordered his boat to lie upon her oars. He and the other gentlemen then parlied with them by signs ; and, to obtain their good will, he threw them nails, beads, and several trifles besides, with which they appeared to be well pleased. After this, our commander endeavoured to make them understand that he wanted water, and attempted to convince them, by all the methods in his power^that he had no injurious design against them. Being willing to intCF- pret the waving of their hands as an invita- tion to proceed, the boat put in to the shore ; but no sooner was this perceived, than it was opposed by the two Indians, one of whom seemed to be a youth about nineteen or twenty years old, and the other a man of middle age. The only resoui*ce now left for Mr. Cook was to fire a musket between them, which being done, the youngest of them CAPTAIN COOK. 31 dropped a bundle of lances on the rock, but recollecting himself in an instant, he snatched them up again in great haste. .A stone was then thrown at the English, upon which the lieutenant ordered a musket to be fired with small shot. This struck the eldest upon the legs, and he immediately ran to one of the houses, which was at about a hundred yards distance. Mr. Cook, who now hoped that the contest was over, instantly landed with his party ; but they had scarcely quitted the boat, when the Indian returned, having only left the rock to fetch a shield or target for his defence. As soon as he came up, he and his comrade threw each of them a lance , in the midst of our people, but happily without hurting a single person. At the firing of a third musket, one of the two men darted another iance, and then both of them ran away. After this, the gentlemen repaired to the huts, and threw into the house where the children were, some beads, ribbons, pieces of cloth, and other presents. These they hoped would procure them the good will of the inhabitants. When, how- ever, the lieutenant and his companions re- turned the next day, they had the mortifica- tion of finding, that the beads and ribbons which they had left the night before, had not been removed from their places, and thai not an Indian was to be seen. .. i>»i . ^^ On the 1st of May, our commander tt*^ jr^f -f ^ ■ 52 LIFE OF solved to make an excuision into the country. Accordingly, he, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and seven others, all of them pro- perly accoutred for the expedition, set out, and repaired first to the huts near the water- ing place, whither some of the Indians con- tinued every day to resort. Though the little presents which had been left there before, had not yet been taken away, our gentlemen added others of still greater value, consisting of cloth, beads, combs, and looking glasses. After this, they went up into the country, the face of which is finely diversified by wood and lawn. The soil they found to be either swamp or light sand. While the lieutenant and his friends were upon this excursion, Mr. Gore, who had been sent out in the morning to dredge for oysters, having performed that service, dis- missed his boat, and taking a midshipman with him., set out to join the waterers by land. In his way he fell in with a body of tTo and twenty Indians, who followed him, and were often at no greater distance than that of twenty yards. When he perceived them so near, he stopped, and faced about, upon which they likewise stopped ; and when he went on again, they continued their pKr- suit. But though they were all armed with lances, they did not attack Mr. Gore ; so that he and the iiidshipman got in safety to CAPTAIN COOK. 33 the watering place. When the natives came in sight of the main body of the English, they halted at about the distance of a quarter of a mile, and stood still. By this Mr. Monk- house, and two or three of the waterers, were encouraged to march up to them ; but seeing the Indians keep their ground, they were seized with a sudden fear, which is not un- common to the rash and fool-hardy, and made a hasty retreat. Four of the Indians immediately ran forward, and discharged their lances at the fugitives, with such force that they went beyond them. Our people, recovering their spirits^ stopped to collect the lances, upon which the natives, in their turn, began to retire. At this time, Mr. Cook came up with his companions, and being desirous of convincing the Indians that they were neither afraid of them, nor designed to do them any injury, they ad- vanced towards them, endeavouring, by signs of expostulation and entreaty, to engage them to an intercourse, but without effect. On the 6th of May our navigators set sail from Botany Bay, and continued till the 10th of June coastmg along the eastern side of New Holland, without meeting with any remarkable occurrence : on this latter day, however, as the Endeavour was pur- suing her course from a bay, to which the name of Trinity Bay had been given, she fell into a situation as critical and dangerous wtmmmm 34 LIFE OF as any that is recorded in the history of navigation. The ship had the advantage of a fine breeze, and a clear moon-light night : and in standing off from six till near nire o'clock, she had deepened her water from fourteen to twenty-one fathom. But while our navigators were at supper, it suddenly shoaled, and they fell into twelve, ten, and eight fathom, within the compass of a few minutes. Mr. Cook immediately ordered every man to his station, and all was ready to put about and come to an ancho**. v^en deep water being met with again at ti .CAt cast of the lead, it was concluded that the vessel had gone over the tail of the shoals which had been seen at sun-set, and that the danger was now ove.\ However, a little before eleven, the water shoaled at once from twenty to seventeen fathom, and before the lead could be cast again, the ship struck, and remained immoveable, excepting so far as she was influenced by the heaving of the surge, that beat her against the crags of the rock upon which she lay. A few moments brought every person upon deck, with coun- tenances suited to the horrors of the situa- tion. As our people knew, from the breeze which they had in the evening, that they could not be very near the shore, there wan too much reason to conclude that they were upon a rock of coral, which, on account of the sharpness of its points, and the rough- CAPTAIN COOK 35 H ness of its surface, is more fatal than any other. On examining the depth of water round the ship, it was speedily discovered that the misfortune of our voyagers was equal to their apprehensions. The vessel had been lifted over a ledge of the rock, and lay in a hollow within it, in some places of which hollow there were from three to four fathom, and in others not so many feet, of water. To complete the scene of distress, it appeared, from the light of the moon, that the sheathing boards from the bottom of the ship were floating away all around her, and at last her false keel ; so that every moment was making way for the whole company's being swallowed up by the rushing in of the sea. There was now no chance but to lightor? her, and the opportunity had un- happily been lost of doing it to the best advantage ; for as the Endeavour had gone ashore just at high water, and by this time it had considerably fallen, she would, when lightened, be but in the same situation as at first. The only alleviation of this circum- stance was, that as the tide ebbed, the vessel settled to the rocks, and was not beaten against them with so much violence. Our people had, indeed, some hope from the next tide, though it was doubtful whether the ship would hold together so long, espe- cially as the rock kept grating part of her bottom with such force, as to be heard in D 2 II s; i m ^n 86 I'IFE OF the fore store-room. No effort, however, was remitted from despair of success. That no time might be lost, the water was imme- diately started in the hold, and pumped up ; six guns, being all that were upon the deck, a quantity of iron and stone ballast, casks, hoop-staves, oil jars, decayed stores, and a variety of things besides, were thrown over- board with the utmost expedition. Every one ♦exerted himself, not only without mur- murii ( id discontent, but even with an alacrity hich almost approached to cheer- fulness. Nor did this proceed from insensi- bility to the horrors of their situation, they were fully aware that a few minutes might take away every hope of jescape, and felt all that seriousness which the near approach of death never fails to inspire. While Lieutenant Cook and all the people about him were thus employed, the open- ing of the morning of the 1 Ith of June pre- sented them with a fuller prospect of their danger. The laud was seen by them at about eight leagues distance, without any island in the intermediate space, upon which, if the ship had gone to pieces, they might have been set ashore by the boats, and carried thence by different turns to the main. Gradually, however, the wind died away, and early in the forenoon it became a dead calm ; a circum- stance this, peculiarly happy in the order of Divine Providence; for if it had blown hard, CAP! A IN COOK. 37 the vessel must inevitably have been destroyed. High water being expected at eleven in the morning, and every thing being made ready to heave her off if she should float, to the inexpressible surprise and concern of our navigators, so much did the day-tide fall short of that of the night, that though they had lightened the ship nearly fifty ton, she did not float by a foot and a half. Hence it became necessary to lighten her still more, and every thing was thrown overboard that could possibly be spared. Hitherto the En- deavour had not admitted much water ; but as the tide fell, it rushed in so fast, that she could scarcely be kept free, though two pumps were incessantly worked. There were now no hopes but from the tide at midnight; to prepare for taking advantage of which, the most vigorous efforts were exerted. About five o'clock in the afternoon the tide began to rise, but, at the same time, the leak in- creased to a most alarming degree. •Two more pumps, therefore, were manned, one of which unhappily would not work. Three pumps however were kept going, and at nine o'clock the ship righted. Nevertheless, the leak had gained so considerably upon her, that it was imagined she must go to the bottom, as soon as she ceased to be sup- ported by the rock. It was, indeed, a dread- ful circumstance to our commander and his people that they were obliged to anticipate if 18'' l.» ? I* 38 LIFB OF the floating of the vessel, not as an earnest of their deliverance, but as an event which probably would hasten their destruction. They knew that their boats were not capable of carrying the whole of them on shore. Some of them were sensible that if they should escape to the main land, they were likely to suffer more upon the whole than those who would be left on board to perish in the waves. The latter would only be ex- posed to instant death •; whereas the former, when they got on shore, would have no lasting or effectual defence against the natives, in a part of the country where even nets and fire arms could scarcely furnish them with food. : The dreadful moment which was to deter- mine the fate of our voyagers now drev; on ; and every one saw, in the countenancefi of his companions, the picture of his own sensa- tions. Not, however, giving way to despair, but trusting in Providence, the lieutenant or- dered the capstan and windlass to be manned with as many hands as could be spared from the pumps, and the ship having floated about twenty minutes after ten o'clock, the grand effort was made, and she was heaved into deep water. It was no small consolation to find that she did not now admit more water than she had done when upon the rock. By the gaining, indeed, of the leak upon the pumps, three feet and nine inches of water were in CAPTAIN COOK. 39 cirnest which ction. ipable shore, they J were \ than perish be ex- ormer, ve no atives, its and oa, with deter- ;v; on ; of his sensa- espair, ant or- anned i from about grand odeep find r than py the [umpSy ^e^e in the hold ; notwithstanding whicn, the men did not relinquish their labour. Thus they held the water as it were at bay ; but having endured excessive fatigue of body, and agi- tation of mind, for more than twenty-rfour hours, and all this being attended with little hope of final success, they began at length to flag. None of them could work at the pump above five or six minutes together, after which, being totally exhausted, they threw themselves down upon the deck, though a stream of water, between three and four inches deep, was running over it from the pumps. When those who succeeded them had worked their time, and in their turn were exhausted, they threw themselves down in the same manner, and the others started up again, to renew their labour. While thus they were employed in relieving each other, an accident was very nearly put- ting an immediate end to all their efforts. The planking which lines the ship's bottom is called the ceiling, between which and the outside planking, there is a space of about eighteen inches. From this ceiling only, the man who had hitherto attended the well had taken the depth of the water, and had given the measure accordingly. But, upon his being relieved, the person who came in his room reckoned the depth to the outside planking, which had the appearance of the leaks having gained upon the pumps eighteen .t" 43 LiFR or inches in a few minutes/ The mistake, however, was soon detected ; and the acci- dent, which in its commencement was very formidable to them, became, in fact, highly advantageous. Such was the joy which every man felt at finding his situation better than his fears had suggested, that it ope- rated with wonderful energy, and seemed to possess him with a strong persuasion, that scarcely any real danger remained. New confidence and new hope inspired fresh vi- gour ; and the efforts of the men were ex- erted with so much alacrity and spirit, that before eight o'clock in the morning, the pumps had gained considerably upon the leak. All the conversation now turned upon carrying the ship into some harbour, as a thing not to be doubted; and as hards could be spared from the pumps, they were employed in getting up the anchors. It being found impossible to save the little bower anchor, it was cut away at a whole cable, and the cable of the stream anchor was lost among the rocks ; but in the situa- tion of our people, these were trifles which scarcely attracted their notice. The fore- topmast and fore-yard were next erected, and there being a breeze from the sea, the Endeavour, at eleven o'clock, got once more under sail, and stood for the land. ; j Notwithstanding these favourable circum- stances, our voyagers were still very far i< I CAPTAIN COOK. 41 stake, acci- s very tiighly which better t ope- ned to I, that New !sh vi- !re ex- it, that - g, the an the d upon r, as a har.ds sy were rs. It 5 little whole anchor situa- which e fore- rected, ea, the e more ' ',■■■■ * jircum- iry far .« from being in a state of safety, it was not possible long to continue the labour by which the pumps had been made to gain upon the leak ; and as the exact place of it couk\ not be discovered, there was no hope of stopping it within. At this crisis, Mr. Monkhouse, one of the midshipmen, came to Lieutenant Cook, and proposed an expedient he had once seen used on board a merchant ship, which had sprung a leak that admitted more than four feet water in an hour, and which by this means had been safely brought from Virginia to London. To Mr. Monkhouse, therefore, the care of the expedient, which is called fothering the ship, was, with proper assistance, committed ; and his method of proceeding was as fol- lows : he took a lower studding sail, ana having mixed together a large quantity of oakum and wool, he stitched it down, as lightly as possible, in handsful upon the sail, and spread over it the dung of the sheep of the vessel, and other filth. The sail being thus prepared, it was hauled under the chip's bottom by ropes, which kept it extended. When it came unGer the leak, the suction that carried in the water, carried in with it the oakum and the wool from the surface of the sail, thus plugging up, as it were, the holes by which the water was en- tering. The success of the expedient was answerable to the warmest expectations; for -■^f—i- 42 LIFE OF v.* hereby the leak was so far reduced, that, instead of gaining upon three pumps, it was easily kept under with one. Here was such a new source of confidence and comfort, that our people could scarcely have ex- pressed more joy if they had been already in port. It had lately been the utmost ob- ject of their hope, to run the ship ashore in some harbour, either of an island or the main, and to build a vessel out of her ma- terials to carry them to the Est Indies. Nothing, however, was now thougi t of but to range along the coast in search of a con- venient place to repair the damage the En- deavour had sustained, and then to prosecute the voyage upon the same plan as if no impe- diment had happened. In justice and gra- titude to the ship's company, and the gen- tlemen on board, Mr. Cook has recorded, that although, in the midst of their distress, all of them seemed to have a just sense of their danger, no man gave way to passionate exclamations, or frantic gestures. " Every one appeared to have the perfect possessiou of his mind, and every one exerted himself to the uttermost, with a quiet and patient perseverance, equally distant from the vio- lence of terror, and the inactivity of de- spair." Though the lieutenant has said nothing of himself, it is well known that his own composure, fortitude, and activity, were equal to the greatness of the occasion. i i«l^>u •<•'•» ■!■■ ^lfffltu,"m>"). ! « ■3 I :} II. 44 LIFE OF Lieutenant Cook sent the master out of the harbour, in the pinnace, to sound about the shoals, to search for a channel to the north- ward. The next day the master returned, and reported that he had found a passage out to sea between the shoals. On one of these shoals, which consisted of coral rocks, many of which were dry at low water, he had landed, and found there cockles of so enormous a size, that a single cockle was more than two men could eat. At the same place, he met with a great variety of other shell fishy and brought back with him a plentiful supply for the use of hi<* fellow voyagers. At high water this da he re- pairs which were judged necessary lor the prosecution of her voyage having been fi- nished, an effort was made to float the ship, which happily succeeded; but it being found that she had sprung a plank between decks, it became necessary to lay -her ashore a second time. The lieutenant being anxious to attain a perfect knowledge of the state of the vessel, got one of the car- penter's crew, a man in whom he could con- fide, to dive, on the 5th, to her bottom, that he might examine the place where the sheathing had been rubbed off. His report, which was, that three streaks of the sheath- ing, about eight feet long, were wanting, and that the main plank had been a little rubbed, was perfectly agreeable to the ^c- CAPTAIN COOK. 46 count that had been given before by the master and others, who had made the same examination ; and our commander had the consolation of finding that, in the opinion of the carpenter, this matter would be of little consequence. The other damage, therefore, being repaired, the ship was again floated at higli water, and all hands were employed in taking the stores on board, and in putting her into a condition for proceeding on her voyage. To the harbour in which she was refitted for the sea, Mr. Cook gave the name of the Endeavour River, On the 19th, our voyagers were visited by ten of the natives ; and six or seven more were seen at a distance, chiefly women, who were naked, as well as the male inha- bitants of the country. There being, at that time, a number of turtles on the deck of the ship, the Indians who came on board were determined to get one of them, and expressed great disappointment and anger when our people refused to comply with their wishes. Several attempts were made by them to se- cure what they wanted by force ; but all their efforts proving unsuccessful, they sud- denly leaped into their canoe, in a transport of rage, and paddled towards the shore. The lieutenant, with Mr. Banks, and five or six of the ship's crew, immediately went into the boat, and got ashore, where many of the English were engaged n various employ- 46 LIFE OE ments. As soon as the natives reached the land, they seized their arms, which had been laid up in a tree, and having snatched a brand from under a pitch-kettle that was boiling, made a circuit to the windward of the few things our people had on shore, and with surprising quickness and dexterity set fire to the grass in their way. The grass, which was as dry as stubble, and five or six feet high, burnt with surprising fury; and a tent of Mr. Banks's would have been destroyed, if that gentleman had not imme- diately got some of the men to save it, by hauling it down upon the beach. Every part of the smith's forge that would burn was consumed. This transaction was Col- lowed by another of the same nature. In spite of threats and entreaties, the Indians went to a different place, where several of the Endeavour's crew were washing, and where the seine, the other nets, and a large quantity of linen, were laid out to dry, and again set fire to the grass. The audpcity of this fresh attack rendered it necessary that a musket, loaded with amall shot, should be discharged at one of them ; who being wounded, ^t the distance of about forty yards, they all betook them- selves to flight. It was now expected that they would have given cur navigators no farther trouble ; but in a little time their voices were heard in the woods, and it was m PSK^ f I CAPTAIN COOK. 47 perceived that they came nearer and nearer. The lieutenant, therefore, together with Mr. Banks, and three or four more persons, set out to meet them ; and the result o^ i'.ie interview, in consequence of the prudent and lenient conduct of our commander and his friends, was a complete reconciliation. Soon after the Indians went away, the woods were seen to be on fire at the dis- tance of about two miles. This accident, if it had happened a little sooner, might have produced dreadful effects ; for the powder had been but a few days on board, and it was not many hours that the store tent, with all the valuable things contained in it, had been removed. From the fury with which th<. grass would burn in this hot climate, and the difficulty of extinguishing the fire, our voyagers determined never to expose themselves to the like danger, but to clear the ground around them, if ever again they should be under a necessity of pitching their tents in such a situation^ In the evening of this day, when ev?ry thing was gotten on board the ship^ and she was nearly ready for sailing, the master returned with the disagreeable account that there was no passage for her to the north- ward. The next morning the lieutenant himself sounded and buoyed the bar. At this time all the hills for many miles round were on firei and the appearance they aa« E 2 i -Y^' 48 LIFE OF sumed at night, was eminently striking and splendid. ^ From this period to tne 13th of August, was passed by Lieutenant Cook iu various unsuccessful attempts to find a channel of deep water, by which he might work the vessel outside the reef of coral rock which girded the shore. On that day, however, Captain Cook, having previously examined what he thought to be an opening, and found a sufficient depth of water for his purpose, got the vessel under weigh, and successfully passed to the outer side of the reef; when the ship had got without the breakers, there was no ground within one hundred and fifty fathom, and our people found a large sea rolling in upon them from the south-east, a certain sign that neither land nor shoals were near them in that direction. It was not a long time that our navigators enjoyed the satisfaction of being free from the alarm of danger. As they were pursuing their course in the night of the r5th, they sounded fre((uently, but had no bottom with one hundred and forty fathom. Neverthe- less, at four in the morning of the 16th, they plainly heard the roaring oi the surf, and at break of day saw it foaming to a vast height, at no more than the distance of a mile. The waves which rolled in upon the reef carried the vessel towards it with great rapidity ; and at the same time our CAPTAIN COOK. 49 people could reach no ground with an an- chor, and had not a breath of wind for the sail. In a situation so dreadful, there was no resource but in the boats ; and, most unhappily, the pinnace was under repair. By the help, however, of the long boat and yawl, which were sent a-head to tow, the ship's head was got round to the northward, a circumstance which might delay, if it could not prevent, destruction. This was not effected till six o'clock, and our voyagers were not then a hundred yards from the rock, upon which the same ' billow tha washed the side of the vessel, broke to a tremendous height the very next time it rose. There was only, therefore, a dreary ralley between the English and destruction ; a valley no wider than the base of one wave, while thr sea under them was unfa- thomable. The cLirpentor, in the meanwhile, having hastily patched up the pinnace, she was hoisted out, and sent a-head to tow, in aid of the other boats. But all these ef- forts would have been ineffectual, if a light air of wind had not sprung up, just at the crisis of our people's fate. It wis so light an air, that at any other time t would not have been observed ; but it was sufficient to turn t'.iC scale in favour of our navigators ; and, with the assistance afforded by the boats, it gave the ship a perceptible motion obliquely from the reef. The hopes of the 60 LIFE. OF company now revived : but m less than ten minutes a dead calm succeeded, and the vessel was again driven towards the breakers, which were not at the distance of two hun- dred yards. However, before the ground was lost which had already been gained, the same light breeze returned, and lasted ten minutes more. During this time, a small opening, about a quarter of a mile distant, was discovered in the reef; upon which, Mr. Cook immediately sent out one of the mates to examine it, who reported, that its breadth was not more than the length of the ship, but that within it there was smooth water. The attempt was made, therefore, to push the vessel through the opening, but it failed of success ; for when our people, by the joint assistance of their boats and the breeze, had reached the open- ing, they found that it had become high water; and, to their great surprise, they met the tide of ebb running out like a mill- stream. Some advantage, however, was gained by this event. Though it was im- possible to go through the opening, the stream which prevented the Endeavour from doing it, carried her out about a quarter of a mile ; and the boats were so much assisted in towing her, by +he tide of ebb, that at noon she had gained the distance of nearly two miles. However, there was yet too much reason to despair of deliverance. For CAPTAIN COOK. 51 even if the breeze, which had now died away, had revived, our navigators were still embayed in the reef; and the tide of ebb being spent, the tide of flood, notwith- standing their utmost efforts, drove the ship back again into her former perilous situation. Happily, about this time, another opening was perceived, nearly a mile to the west- ward. Our commander immediately sent Mr. Hicks, the first lieutenant, to examine it; and in the meanwhile the Endeavour struggled hard with the flood, sometimes gaining, and sometimes losing, ground. During this severe service, every man did his duty with as much calmness and regu- larity as if no danger had been near. At length Mr. Hicks returned with the intelli- gence, that the opening, though narrow and hazardous, was capable of being passed. The bare possibility of passing it, was en- couragement sufficient to make the attempt ; and, indeed, all danger was less to be dreaded by our people than that of conti- nuing in their present situation. A light breeze having fortunately sprung up, this, in conjunction with the aid of the boats, and the very tide of flood that would otherwise have been their destruction, enabled them to enter the opening, through wLich t^ ey were hurried with amazing rapidity. Such was the force of the torrent by which they were carried along, that they were kept from driving ^' 52 LIPE OP !* against either side of the cnannel, which in breadth was not more than a quarter of a mile. While they were shooting this gulf, their soundings were remarkably irregular, varying from thirty to seven fathom, and the ground at bottom was foul. As soon as our navigators had gotten within the reef, they came to an anchor; and their joy was exceedingly great at having regained a situation, which three "days before they had quitted '^ith the utmost pleasure and transport. Rock's and shoals are always dangerous to the mariner, even when they are previously known and marked, but in this part of the globe they are more perilous than in any other. Here they con- sist of reefs of coral rock, which rise like a wall almost perpendicularly out of the deep, and are always overflowed at high water. Here, too, the enormous waves of the vast southern ocean, meeting with so abrupt a resistance, break with inconceivable violence, in a surf which cannot be produced by any rocks or storms in the northern hemisphere. A crazy ship, shortness of provision, and a want of every necessary, greatly increased the danger to our present voyagers of navi- gating in this ocean. Nevertheless, such is the ardour of the human mind, and so flat- tering is the distinction of a first discoverer, that Lieutenant Cook and his companions cheerfully encountered every peril, and sub- CAPTAIN COOK. 53 mitted to every inconvenience. They chose rather to incur the charge of imprudence and temerity, than to leave a country unex- plored which they had discovered, or to afford the least colour for its being said, that they were deficient in perseverance and fortitude. It scarcely needs to be added, that it was the high and magnanimous spirit of our commander, in particular, which inspired his people with so much resolution and vigour. To the opening through which the Endea- vour had passed, our commander, with a proper sense of gratitude to the Supreme Being, gave the name of Providential Chan- nel, in the morning of the 17th, the boats had been sent out, to see what refreshments could be procured, and retjurned in the after- noon with two hundred and forty pounds of the meat of shell fish, chiefly cockles. Some of the cockles were as much as two men could move and contained twenty pounds of good meat. On the 23d of August, our navigator as- certained that New Holland and New Guinea were separate islandfi ; he had now coasted along the former, for an extent of more than two thousand miles, and felt every certainty of being the first European who had landed on it, or even seen it ; he once more, there- fore, took possession of its eastern coasts, in right of his Majesty King George the Third, 64 LIFE OT and by the name of New South Wales. The party then fired three volleys of small arms, which were answered by the same number from the ship. When the gentlemen had performed this ceremony upon the island, which they called Possession Island, they re-embarked in their boat, and, in conse- quence of a rapid ebb tide, had a very difficult and tedious return to the vessel. New Holland, or, as the eastern part of it was called by Lieutenant Cook, New South Wales, is the largest country in the known world, which does not bear the name of a continent. In fact, the square surface of the island is much more than equal to ihe whole of Europe. With regard to the natives, we may observe, that their number bears no proportion to the extent of their territory. So many as thirty of them had never been seen together but once, and that was at Botany Bay. Even when they ap- peared determined to engage the English, they could not muster above fourteen or fifteen fighting men; and it was manifest that their sheds and houses did not lie so close together, as to be capable of accom- modating a larger party. Of traffic the natives had no idea, nor could any be com- municated to them. The things which were given them they received, but did not appear to understand the signs of the English, requiring a return. There was no reason to CAPTAIN COOK. 55 believe that they eat animal food raw. As they have no vessel in which water can be boiled, they f^ither broil their meat upon the coals, or bake it in a hole, by the hdp of hot stones, agreeably to the custom of the inhabitants of the South Sea Islands. Fire is produced by them with great facility, and they spread it in a surprising manner. For producing it, they take two pieces of sort wood, one of which is a stick about eight or nine inches long, while the other piece is flat. The stick they shape into a blunt point at one end, and pressing it upon the flat wood, turn it nimbly by holding it between both their hands. In doing ' is, they often shift their hands up, and the move them down, with a view of increasing the pressure as much as possible. By this process they obtain Hre in less than two minutes, and from the smallest spark they carry it to any height or extent with great speed and 'dexterity. At day-break, on the 3d of September, our navigators came in sight of New Guinea, and stood in for it, with a fresh gale, till nine o'clock, when they brought to, being in three fathom water, and within about three or four miles of land. Upon this, the pinnace was hoisted out, and the lieutenant set off from the ship, with the boat's crew, accompanied by Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and Mr. Banka' servants, being in all twelve persons, well <*-■ 56 I'lVK OF armecl«r As soon as they came ashore, they discovered the prints of human feet, which could not long have been impressed upon the sand. Concluding, therefore, that the natives were at no great distance, and there being a thick wood which reached to within a hundred yards of the water, the gentlemen thought it necessary to proceed with caution, lest their retreat to the boat should be cut off. After they had advanced about a quarter of a mile from the boat, three Indians rushed out of the wood, with a hideous shout, and as they ran towards the English, the foremost threw something out of his hand, which flew on one side of him, and burned exactly like gunpowder, though with- out making any report. The two other natives having at the same instant discharged their arrows, the lieutenant and his party were under a necessity of firing, first with small shot, and a second time with ball. Upon this, the three Indians ran away with great agility. As Mr. Cook had no disposi- tion forcibly to invade this country, and was convinced that nothing was to be done upon friendly terms, he and his companions re- turned with all expedition towards their boat. When they were aboard, they rowed abreast of the natives, who had come down to the shore in aid of their countrymen, and whose number now amounted to be between sixty and a hundred. Their appearance was much CAPTAIN COOK. 67 the same as that of the New Hollanders: they nearly resembled them in stature, and in having their hair short and cropped. Like them, also, they were naked ; but the colour of their skin did not seem quite so dark, which, however, might be owing to their being less dirty. While the English gentlemen were viewing them, they were shouting defiance, and letting off their fires by four or five at a time. Our people could not imagine what these fires were, or what purposes they were intended to answer. Those who discharged them, had in their hands a short piece of stick, which they swung sideways from them, and immediately there issued fire and smoke, exactly resem- bling those of a musket, and of as short a duration. The men on board the ship, who observed this surprising phenomenon, were so far deceived by it, as to believe that the Indians had fire-arms. To the persons in the boat, it had the appearance of firing of voUies, without a report. Soon after Mft Cook and his party had returned to the ship, our voyagers made sail to the westward, the lieutenant having re- solved to spend no more time upon this coast; a resolution which was greatly to the satis- faction of a very considerable majority of his people. The reason, indeed, for his making the best of his way to Batavia, was the leaki- Hfiss of the vessel which rendered it .doubtful '1 58 LIFE OF whether it would not be necessary to heara her down, when she arrived at that port. On the 2 1st of September, therefore, our navigators got under sail, and having pur- sued their voyage till the 1st of October, on that day they came within sight of the island of Java. On the 9th, our voyagers stood in for Batavia Road, when Mr. Cook immedi- ately sent a lieutenant ashore, to acquaint the governor with his arrival. It being universally agreed, that the ship could not safely proceed to Europe, without an examination of her bottom, our com- mander determined to apply for leave to heave her down at Batavia; and for this pur- ^ pose, he drew up a request in wrilino;, which, after he had waited first upon the governor general, and then upon the council, was readily complied with, and he was told that he should have every thing he wanted. Mr. Banks, in a few days, hired a small house for himself and his party ; and as soon as he was settled in his new habitation, sent for Tupia, who had hitherto continued on board, on account of sickness. When he quitted the ship, and after he came into the boat, he was exceedingly lifeless and dejected ; but no sooner did he enter the town, than : he appeared to be inspired with another souL A scene so entirely new and extraordinary, filled him with amazement. The houses, carriages, streets, people, and a multiplicity CAPTAIN COOK. 59 of other objects, rushing upon him at once, produced an effect similar to what is ascribed to enchantment. His boy, Tayeto, expressed his wonder and delight in a still more rap- turous manner. He danced along the streets in a kind of ecstacy, examining every object with a restless and eager curiosity. Tupia's attention was particularly excited by the various dresses of the passing multitude ; and when he was informed that, at Batavia, every one wore the dress of his own country, he expressed his desire of appearing in the garb of Otaheite. Accordingly, South Sea cloth being sent for from the ship, he equipped himself with great expedition and dexterity. When our voyagers had been only nine days at Batavia, they began to feel the fatal effects of the climate and situation. Tupia, after his first flow of spirits had subsided, grew every day worse and worse ; and Tayeto was seized with an inflammation upon his lungs. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were attacked by fevers, and, in a little time, al- most every person, both on board and on shore, was sick. The distress of our people was indeed very great, and the prospect be- fore them discouraging in the highest degree. Tupia, being desirous of breathing a freer air than among the numerous houses that obstructed it ashore, had a tent erected for him on Cooper's Island, to which he was ac F 2 60 LIFB OF companied by Mr. Banks, who attended poor Indian with the greatest humanity, till he was rendered incapable of doing it, by the violent increase of his own disorder. On the 5th of November Mr. Monkhouse, the surgeon of the ship, a sensible skilful man, whose loss was not a little aggravated by the situation of the English, fell the first sacrifice to this fatal country. Tayeto died on the 9th ; and Tupia, who loved him with the tenderness of a parent, sunk at once after the loss of the boy, and survived him only a few days. The disorders of Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander grew to such a height, that the physicians declared they had no chance of preserving their lives, but by removing into the country. Accordingly, a house was hired for them at the distance of about two miles from the town ; where, in consequence of enjoying a purer air, and being better nursed, they recovered by slow degrees. At length, Lieutenant Cook was himself taken iil ; and out of the whole ship's company, not more than ten were able to do duty. In the midst of these distresses, our com- mander was diligently and vigorously atten- tive to the repair of the vessel. When her bottom came to be examined, she was found to be in a wor^? condition than had been apprehended. Her false keel and main keel were both of them greatly injured ; a large CAPTAIN COOK 61 quantity of the sheathing was torn off, and among several planks which were much damaged, two of them, and the half of a third, were so worn, for the length of six feet, that they were not above the eighth part of an inch in thickness; and here the worms had made way quite into the timbers. In this state the Endeavour had sailed many hundred leagues, in a quarter of the globe where navigation is dangerous in the highest, degree. It was happy for our voyagers, that they were ignorant of their perilous situation ; for it must have deeply affected them, to have known that a consi- derable part of the bottom of the vessel was thinner than the sole of a shoe, and that all their lives depended upon so slight and fragile a barrier between them and the un- fathomable ocean. By the 8th of December, the Endeavour was perfectly refitted. From that time to the 21ih, our people were employed in completing her stock of water, provisions, and stores, in erecting some new pumps, and in various other necessary operations. In the evening of the 25th, our com- mander went on board, together with Mr. Banks, and the rest of the gentlemen, who had resided constantly on shore. The gen- tlemen, though considerably better, were far from being perfectly recovered. At this time, the sick persons in the ship amounted to ^.2^ 62 LIFE >F forty, and the rest of thie compdny were in a very feeble condition. It was remark- able, that every individual had been ill, ex- cepting the sail maker, who was an old man, between seventy and eighty years of age. Three seamen, and Mr. Green's servant, died, besides the surgeon, Tupia, and Tayeto. Tupia did not entirely fall a sacrifice to the unwholesome air of the country. As he had been accustomed, from his birth, to subsist chiefly upon vegetable food, and par- ticularly upon ripe fruit, he soon contracted the disorders which are incident to a sea life, and* would probably have sunk under them, before the voyage of the English would have been completed, even if they had not been obliged to go to Batavia to refit the vessel. As the Endeavour proceeded on her voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, the seeds of disease, which had been received at Ba- tavia, appeared with the most threatening symptoms, and reduced our navigators to a very melancholy situation. The ship was, in fact, nothing better than an hospital, in which those who could go about were not sufficient for a due attendance upon those who were sick. The malady had taken too deep root to be speedily eradicated. Mr. Banks was reduced so low by it, that for some time there was no hope of his life ; and so fatal was the disease to many others^ that CAPTAIN COOK. 6Z almost every night a dead body was com- mitted to the sea. On Friday, the 15th of March, the Endea- vour arrived off the Cape of Good Hope. Here the lieutenant having lain to recover the sick, to procure stores, and to refit his vessel, till the 14th of April, he stood out of the bay, and proceeded in his voyage homeward. On the 1st of May, he arrived at St. Helena, where he staid till the 4th, to refresh, when he weighed anchor once more, in company with the Portland man of war, and twelve Indiamen. With this fleet he continued to sail till the 10th, when per- ceiving that the Endeavour proceeded much more heavily than any of the other vessels, and that she was not likely to get home so soon as the rest, he made signal to speak with the Portland. Upon this. Captain Elliot himself came on board, and Mr. Cook de- livered to him the common log books of his ship, and the journals of some of the of- ficers. The Endeavour, however, kept in company with the fleet till the morning of the 23rd, at which time there was not a single vessel in sight. The rigging and sails of the ship were now become so bad, that something was conti- nually giving way. . Nevertheless, our com- mander pursued his course in safety ; and on the 10th of June, land, which proved to be the Lizard, was discovered by Nicholas ■MHP 64 LIFE OF Young. On the 11th, the lieutenant ran up the channel. At six the next morning he passed Beachy Head ; and in the afternoon of the same day he came to an anchor in the Downs, and went on shore at Deal. Thus ended Mr. Cook's first voyage round the world, in which he had gone through so many dangers, explored so many countries, and exhibited the strongest proofs of his possessing an eminently sagacious and ac- tive mind ; a mind that was equal to every perilous enterprise, and to the boldest and most successful efforts of navigation and discovery. )> CHAP. Til. .' The manner in which Lieutenant Cook had performed his circumnavigation of the globe, justly entitled him to the protection of government, and the favour of his sove- reign. Accordingly, he was promoted to be a commander in his majesty's navy, by commission bearing date on the 29th of August, 1771 ; and an expedition having been resolved on, for the purpose of discovering whether any great continent existed in the Southern Ocean, an opinion which was main- tained by persons of great ability, no one appeared so qualified to conduct it, as he who had already acquired so much reputation by bis discoveries; and also by the skill ana \ N J >. CAPTAlty COOK. 65 ♦ discretion Vfith which he had navigated un- known seas. For the greater advantage of an under- taking, which was not only to advance the science of navigation, but also the geography of the globe, it was determined that two ships should be employed ; and much atten- tion was paid to the choice of them, and to their equipment for the service. Accordingly, two vessels, both of which had been built at Whitby, by the same person who built the Endeavour, were purchased of Captain Wil- liam Hammond, of Hull. They were about fourteen or sixteen months old at the time when they were bought, and, in Captain Cook's judgment, were as well adapted to the intended service, as if they had been expressly constructed for the purpose. The largest of the two, which consisted of 462 tons burthen, was named the Resolution. To the other, which was 366 tons burthen, was given the name of the Adventure. On the 28th of November, 1771, Captain Cook was appointed to the command of the former ; and about the same time, Mr, Tobias Furneaux was promoted to the command of the latter. The complement of the Reso- lution, including officers and men, was fixed at one hundred and twelve persons; and that of the Adventure, at eighty-one. In the equipment of these ships, every circum- stance was attended to, that could contribute \ ■M- 66 LIFE OF to the comfort and success of the voyage. They were fitted in the most complete man- ner, and supplied with every extraordinary article which was suggested to be necessary or useful. The very best stores and provi- sions were put on board ; besides which, there was an ample supply of antiscorbutic articles, such as malt, sour krout, salted cab- bage, portable broth, saloup, mustard, mar- malade of carrots, and thickened juice of wort and beer. No less attention was paid to the'cause of science in general. The Admiralty engaged a landscape painter, to embark in the voyage, in order to make drawings and paintings of such things as could not so well be compre- hended from written descriptions ; two na- turalists to explore and collect the natural history of the countries which might be visited ; and two able astronomers, for the purpose of making astronomical obser- vations. Though Captain Cook had been appointed to the command of the Resolution on the 28th of November, 1771, such were the pre- parations necessary for so long and important a voyage, and the impediments which occa- sionally and unavoidably occurred, that the ship did not join the Adventure, in Plymouth Sound, until the 3d of July. At Plymouth, Captain Cook received his instructions, which were not only to circum* CAPTAIN COOK. 07 navigate the South Sea in the hign soutnern latitudes, making such traverses, from time to time, into every corner of the Pacific Ocean, not before examined, as might finally and effectually resolve the much agitated question about the existence of a southern continent, but in any part of the southern hemisphere to which access could be had, by the efforts of the boldest and most skilful navigators. CIiaP. IV. On the 13th of July, Captain Cook sailed from Plymouth, and on the JUh of September crossed the line, in the longitude of 8" west, without meeting any thing remarkable ; he had met with so much rain, indeed, that all on board were completely soaked ; but by taking care that the ships should be dried with fires made between decks, that the Ixnldiiig should be aired, and the sailors not al lo v/td to remain in their wet clothes, he had not one person sick aboard the Resolution. From the healthy condition of the crews, both of the Resolution and Adventure, it was imagined by the captain, that his stay at the Cape of Good Hope, where he arrived on the JiOth of October, would be very short. But the necessity of waiting till the requisite pro- visions could be prepared and collected, kept him ni)re than tliree weeks at this place; G 4. m 68 LIFE OF which time was improved by him, in ordering both the ships to be caulked and painted, and in taking care that, in every respect, their condition should be as good as when they left England. On the •22d of November, our commander sailed from the cape, and proceeded on his voyage, in search of a southern continent. Having gotten clear of the land, he directed his course for Cape Circumcision; and judg- ing that cold weather would soon approach, he ordered a supply of clothing, and other necessaries, to be served to such of the peo- ple as were in want of them, and gave to each man the fearnought jacket and trowsers allowed by the Admiralty. On the 29th, the wind, which was west-north-west, in- creased to a storm, that continued, with some few intervals of moderate weather, till the eth of December. By this gale, which was attended with hail and rain, and which blew at times with such violence, that the ships could carry no sails, our voyagers were driven far to the eastward of their intended course, and no hopes were left to the captain of reaching Cape Circumcision. A still greater misfortune was the loss of the prin- cipal part of the live stock on board, consisting of sheep, hogs, and geese. At the same time, the sudden transition from warm mild weather, to weather which was extremely cold and wet, was so severely felt by our CAPTAIN COOK. 09 people, that it was thought necessary to make some addition to their allowance of spirits, by giving each of them a dram on particular occasions. Our navigators, on the 10th of December, began to meet with islands of ice. One of these islands was so much concealed from them by the haziness of the weather, accom- panied with snow and sleet, that they were steering directly towards it, and did not see it till it was at a less distance than that of a mile. Captain Cook judged it to be about fifty feet high, and half a mile in circuit. It was flat at the top, and its sides rose in a perpendicular direction, against which the sea broke to a great height. The weather continuing to be hazy, the captain, on account of the ice island, was obliged to proceed with the utmost caution. Six of them were passed on the 12th, some of which were nearly two miles in circuit, and sixty feet high : nevertheless, such were the force and height of the waves, that the sea broke quite over them. Hence was exhibited a view, that for a few moments was pleasing to the eye ; but the pleasure was soon swallowed up in the horror which seized upon the mind, from the prospect of danger. For if a ship should be so unfortunate as to get on the weather side of one of these islands, she would be dashed to pieces in « moment. 70 LIFK OF Although this voyage in search of a south- ern continent was so interesting in its object, the details of it would not amuse the reader. From the period at which we have arrived, to the middle of March, he continued with the most unremitting diligence to seek for land in these high southern latitudes. The cold, as we may suppose, was intense, and the hardships and dangers to which the vessels were exposed, such as we, who live on land, can form but a very imperfect idea of; they pursued their course along the ice, which barred their further progress south- ward, constantly Ic ' ng for an inlet, which would allow them to proceed, and not unfre- quently in the momentary expectation of being dashed to pieces against the drifting masses, which had separated from the rest, and were floating across their track ; per- suaded, therefore, that any further attempts were fruitless, Captain Cook resolved to proceed to New Zealand, for the double pur- pose of refreshing his men, and also in the hope of meeting the Adventure which had parted company in a storm some time before. Shaping his course, therefore, in this direc- tion, he arrived in sight of the island on the 25th of March, and, on the following day came to an anchor in Dusky Bay. He had now been one hundred and seventeen days at sea, during which time he had sailed three thousand six hundred and sixty leagues, CAPTAIN COOK. 71 without having once come within sight of land. '.-.•■' t^^ V.i ^ 86 LIFE OF and a quantity of fruit. Mr. Sparrman'g hanger, the only thing of value which he had lost, was brought back, together with part of his coat; and our navigators were told, that the remaining articles should be restored the next day. Some things which had been stolen from a party of officers, who had gone out a shooting, were returned in like manner. Early on the 7th, while the ships were un- mooring, the captain went to pay his fare- well visit to Oree, and took with him such presents as had not only a fancied value, but a real utility. He left, also, with the chief, the inscription plate that had before been in his possession, and another small copper plate, on which were engraved these words : " Anchored here, his Britannic Majesty's ships, Resolution and Adventure, September, 1773." These plates, together with some medals, were put up in a bag, of which Oree promised to take care, and to produce them to the first ship, or ships, that should arrive at the island. Having, in return, given a hog to Captain Cook, and loaded his boat with fruit, they took leave of each other, when the good old chief embraced our com- mander, with tears in his eyes. Nothing was mentioned, at this interview, concerning the remainder of Mr^ Sparrman's property. As it was early in the morning, the captain judged that it had not been brought in^ and CAPTAIN COOK. »7 fte was not willing to speak of it to Oree, lest he should give him pain about things which there had not been time to recover. The robbers having soon afterwards been taken, Oree came on board again, to request that our commander would go on shore, either to punish them, or to be present at their punishment ; but this not being conve- nient to him, he left them to the correction of their own chief. It was from the island of Huaheine, that Captain Furneaux re- ceived into his ship a young man, named Omai, a native of Ulietea. This choice Captain Cook at first disapproved, as think- ing that the youth was not a proper sample of the inhabitants of the Society Islands ; being inferior to many of them in birth and acquired rank, and not having any peculiar advantage in point of shape, figure, or complexion. The captain afterwards found reason to be better satisfied with Omai's having accompanied our navigators to England. From Huaheine, our navigators sailed for Ulietea, where trade was carried on in the usual manner, and a most friendly intercourse renewed between Captain Cook and Oreo, the chief of the island. Here Tupia was inquired after with particular eagerness, and the in- quirers were perfectly satisfied with the ac- count which was given of the occasion of that Indian's decease. ' LIVE 07 Our navigators were as successful in pro- dring provisions in Ulietea, as they had been at Huaheine. Captain Cook judged, that the number of hogs obtained amounted to four hundred, or upwards ; many of them, indeed, were only roasters, while others exceeded a hundred pounds in weight ; but the general run was from forty to sixty. A larger quan- tity was offered than the ships could contain ; so that our countrymen were enabled to pro- ceed on their voyage with no small degree of comfort and advantage. On the 17th of September, Captain Cook sailed from Ulietea, directing his course to the south-west. On the 1st of October, he reached the island of Middleburgh. While he was looking about for a landing-place^ two canoes came boldly along-side the ship, and some of the people entered without he- sitation. This mark of confidence inspired our commander with so good an opinion of the inhabitants, that he determined, if pos- sible, to pay them a visit, which he did the next day. Scarcely had the vessels come to an anchor, before they were surrounded by a great number of canoes, full of the natives, who brought with them cloth, and various curiosities, which they exchanged for nails, and such other articles as were adapted to their fancy. Among those who came on board, was a chief, named Tioony, whose friendship Captain Cook immediately ^ CAPTAIN COOK. 89 gained by proper presents^ consisting prin- cipally of a hatchet, and some spike nails. A party of our navigators, with the captain at the head of them, having embarked in two boats, proceeded to the shore, where they found an immense crowd of people, who welcomed them to the island with loud acclamations. There was not so much as a stick, or any other weapon, in the hands of a single native, so pacific were their dispo- sitions and intentions. They seemed to be more desirous of giving than receiving ; and many of them, who could not approach near the boats, threw into them, over the heads of others, whole bales of cloth, and then re- tired, without either asking or waiting for any thing in return. The whole day was spent by our navigators in the most agree- able manner. Among other articles pre- sented by the captain to Tioony, he left him an assortment of garden seeds, which, if properly used, might be of great future be- nefit to the country ; and on the 21st of October, again made the land of New Zea- land, the captain intending to take in wood and water there, before he renewed his voyage of discoveries to the south and east. As he was very desirous of leaving in tne country such an assortment of animals and vegetables as might contribute to the future benefit of the inhabitants, one of the first things which he did was to give to a chief, m iip 90 LIFE 0F# ,> . who had come off in a canoe, two boars,' two sows, four hens, and two cocks, together with a quantity of seeds. The seeds were of the most useful kind, such as wheat, French and kidney beans, peas, cabbage, turnips, ' onions, carrots, parsnips, and yamlfe The man to whom these several articles were^ ]^re- sented, though he was much more enraptured with a spike nail ha!f the length of his arm, promised, however, to take care of them, and, in particular, not to kill any of the ani- mals. If he adhered to his promise, they would be sufficient, in due time, to stock the whole island. It was the 3d of November bcibre Captain Cook brought the Resolution into Ship Cove, in Queen Charlotte's Sound. He had been beating about the island from the 21st of October, during which time, his vessel was exposed to a variety of tempestuous weather. In one instance, he had been driven off the land by a furious storm, which lasted two days, and which would have been dangerous in the highest degree, had it not fortunately happened that it was fair overhead, and that there was no reason to be apprehensive of a lee-shore. In the course of the bad wea- ther which succeeded this storm, the Adven- ture was separated from the Resolution, and was never seen or heard of through the whole remainder of the voyage. Captain Cook was early in his inquiries -i£t( CAPTAIN COOK. 91 concerning the animals which had been left at New Zealand, in the former part of his voyage. He saw the youngest of the two sows that Captain Furneaux had put on shore in Cannibal Cove. She was in good condition, and very tame. The boar and other sow, if our commander was rightly informed, were taken away and separated, but not killed. He was told that the two goats, which he had landed up the Sound, had been destroyed by a native, of the name of Goubiah ; so that the captain had the grief of discovering, that all his benevolent endeavours to stock the country with useful animals, were likely to be frustrated by the very people whom he was anxious to serve. The gardens had met with a better fate. Every thing in them, excepting potatoes, the inhabitants had left entirely to nature, who had so well performed her part, that most of the articles were in a flourishing condition. ^ Notwithstanding the inattention and folly of the New Zealanders, Captain Cook still continued his zeal for their benefit. To the inhabitants who resided at the cove, he gave a boar, a young sow, two cocks, and two hens, which had been brought from the So- ciety Islands. At the bottom of the West Bay, he ordered to be landed, with'^ut the knowledge of the Indians, four hogs, ^''^g three sows and one boar, together with t^o f!. 92 XIFE OF II cocks and two hens. They were carried a little way into the woods, and as much food was left them as would serve them for te** or twelve days ; which was done to preven their coming down to the shore in search of sustenance, and by that means being dis- covered by the natives. The captain was desirous of replacing the two goats, which Goubiah was understood to have killed, by leaving behind him the only two that yet remained in his possession. But he had the misfortune, soon after his arrival at Queen Charlotte's Sound, to lose the ram; and this in a manner for which it was not easy to assign the cause. Whether it was owing to any thing he had eaten, or to his being stung with nettles, which were very plentiful in the place, he was seized with fits which bordered upon madness. In one of these fits, he was supposed to have run into the sea, and to have been drowned. Our commander, how- ever, hoped to be more successful with respect to the boars and sows, and the cocks and hens, which he left in the island. In this second visit of our navigators to New Zealand, they met with indubitable evidence that the natives were eaters of human flesh. The proofs of this fact had a most powerful influence on the mind of Oedidee, a youth of Bolabola, whom Captain Cook had brought in the Resolution from Ulietea. He was so aflected, that he became perfectly CAPTAIN COOK. m motionless, and exhibited such a picture of horror, that it would have been impossible for art to describe that passion with half the force with which it appeared in his coun- tenance. When he was roused from this state by some of the English, he burst into tears; continued to weep and scold by turns; told the New Zealanders that they were vile men ; and assured them that he would not be any longer their friend. He would not 60 much as permit them to come near him ; and he refused to accept, or even to touch, the knife by which some human flesh had been cut off. Such was Oedidee's indigna- tion against the abominable custom; and our commander has justly remarked, that it was an indignation worthy to be imitated by every rational being. The conduct of this young man upon the present occasion, strongly points out the difference which had taken placG, in the progress of civilization, between the inhabitants of the Society Islands and those of New Zealand. The morning before the captain sailed, he wrote a memorandum, containing such infor- mation as he thought necessary for Captain Furneaux, in case he should put into the Sound. This memorandum was buried in a bottle under the root of a tree in the garden ; and in such a manner that it could not avoid being discovered if either Captain Furneaux ■^.'» I ' 94 LIFE OF ! '1 I or any other European should chance to arrive at the Cove. On the 2fUh of November, Captain Cook sailed from New Zealand in search of a con- tinent, and steered to the south, incHning to the east. In this track he continued until the latter end of January, and traversed a great extent of ocean, without seeing any indications of land ; by the 30th, he had advanced as far as the 71" of latitude, and only renounced the thoughts of advancing further south, when the attempt would have exposed the vessel and crew to the utmost danger, perhaps to destruction, from the ice, without any prospect of advantage. Though O'lr commander had not only the ambition of governing farther than any one had done before, but of proceeding as far as it was possible for man to go, he was the less dis- satisfied with the interruption he now met with, as it shortened the dangers and hard- ships inseparable from the navigation of the southern polar regions. In fact, he was impelled, by inevitable necessity, to tack, and stand back to the north. The determination v;hich Captain Coo< now formed, was to steer his course for the island of Juan Fernandez, which lies within the tropic, in case he met with no employ- ment till he came there, and to devote the following summer to explore the southern Atlantic Ocean. In the mean time as he ^ % CAPTAIN COOK. 95 had a good ship, expressly sent out on dis* coreries, a healthy crew, and plenty of pro- visions, he resolved to pass a part of the intervening winter in examining those parts of the ocean which had been hitherto unvisited. This design, our commander communicated to his officers, and had the satisfaction of finding, that it received their 2^ealous and cheerful concurrence. They displayed the utmost readiness for executing, in the most effectual manner, every measure he thought proper to adopt. With such good examples to direct them, the seamei were always obedient, and alert ; and on the present occasion, so far were they from wishing the voyage to be concluded, that they re- joiced at the prospect of its being prolonged another year, and of soon enjoying the benefits of a milder climate. At this time, the captain was attacked by a bilious cholic, the violence of which confined him to his bed. The management of the ship, upon this occasion, was left' to Mr. Cooper, the first officer, who conducted her entirely to his commander's satisfaction. It was several days before the most dangerous symptoms of Captain Cook's disorder were removed; during which time, Mr. Patten, the surgeon, in attending upon him, mani^ fested not only the skilfulness of a physician but the tenderness of a nurse. When the captain began to recover, a favourite dog, I 2 v*^. i .^1 1 1 » i 96 LlFfi OF belonging to Mr. Forster, was killed for hit use. There was no other fresh meat what- ever on board, and he could eat not only of the broth which was made of it, but of the flesh itself, when there was nothing else that he was capable of tasting. Thus did he de- rive nourishment and strength from food, which to most people in Europe would have been in the highest degree disgusting, and productive of sickness. The necessity of the case overcame every feeling of dislike. On the 22d of April, having touched at several intervening places, Captain Cook reached the island of Otaheite, and anchored in Matavia Bay. During his stay there, he maintained a most friendly connexion with the inhabi- tants ; and a continual interchange of visits was preserved between him and Otoo, Towha, and other chiefs of the country. His traffic with them was greatly facilitated by his having fortunately brought with him some red parrot feathers, from the island of Am- sterdam. These were jewels of high value in the eyes of Otaheitans. The captain's stock in trade was by this time greatly ex- hausted ; so that, if it had not been for the feathers, he would have found it difficult to supply the ship with the necessary re- freshments. /^ ... M. .,i,li.,.M ji Among other entertainments which our ; commander, and the rest of the English gen- ' ■-f CAPTAIN COOK. JI7 tlemen, met with at Otaheite, one was a grand naval review. The vessels of war con- sisted of a hundred and sixty large double canoes, well equipped, manned, and armed. They were decorated with flags and streamers ; and the chiefs, together with all those who were on the fighting stages, were dressed in their war habits. The whole fleet made a noble appearance, such as our voyagers had never seen before in this sea, or could ever have expected. Beside^ the vessels of war, there were a hundred and seventy sail of smaller double canoes, which seemed to be designed for transports and victuallers. Upon each of them was a little house ; and they were rigged with mast and sail, which was not the case with the war canoes. Captain Cook guessed that there were no less than seven thousand men in the whole fleet. He was not able to obtain full information con* cerning the design of this armament. Notwithstanding the agreeable intercourse that was, in general, maintained between our commander and the people of Otaheite, cir- cumstances occasionally happened, which called for peculiar exertions of his prudence and resolution. One of the natives, who had attempted to steal a water cask from the watering-place, was caught in the fact, sent on board, and put in irons. In this situation, he was seen by King Otoo, and other chiefs. Captain Cook having made known to them » y^ :! i I m ^ Pi 98 LIFE OF the crime of their countryman, Otoo en- treated that he might be set at liberty. This the captain, however, refused, alleging, that since he punished his own people, when they committed the least offence against Otoo's, it was but just that this man should also be punished. As Captain Cook knew that Otoo would not punish him, he resolved to do it himself. Accordingly, he directed the cri- minal to be carried on shore to the tents, and having himself followed, with the chiefs, and other Otaheitans, he ordered the guard out, under arms, and commanded the man to be tied up to a post. Otoo again solicited the culprit's release, and in this he was se- conded by his sister, but in vain. The cap- tain expostulated with him on the conduct of the man, and of the Indians in general; telling him, that neither he, nor any of the ship's company, took the smallest matter of property from them, without first paying for it ; enumerating the articles which the English had given in exchange for such and such things ; and urging that it was wrong in them to steal from those who were their friends. He added, that the punishing of the guilty person would be the means of saving the lives of several of Otoo's people, by deterring them from committing crimes of the like nature, and thus preventing them from the danger of being shot to death, which would certainly happen, at one time Captain cook. 99 or other, if they persisted in their robberies. — With these arguments, the king appeared to be satisfied, and only desired that the man might not be killed. Captain Cook then directed that the crowd, which was very great, should be kept at a proper distance, and, in the presence of them all, ordered the fellow two dozen of lashes with a cat-of- nine-tails. This punishment the man sus- tained with great firmness, after which, he was set at liberty. When the natives were going away, Towha called them back, and, with much gracefulness of action, addressed them in a speech of nearly half an hour in length, the design of which was to condemn their present conduct, and to recommend a different one for the future. To make a farther impression upon the minds of the in- habitants, our commander ordered his ma- rines to go through their exercises, and to ivoad and fire in vollies with ball. As they were very quick in their manoeuvres, ii is more easy to conceive than to describe the amazement which possessed the Indians during the whole time, and especially those of them who had not seen any thing of the kind before. Two goats, that had been given by Captain Furneaux to Otoo, in the former part of the voyage, seemed to promise fair for answering the purposes for which they were left upon the island. The ewe, soon after, had two 100 LIVE or ii II' female kids, which were now almost fuV grown. At the same time, the old ewe was again with kid. The people were very fond of them, and they were in excellent condi* tion. From these circumstances, Captain Cook entertained a hope that, in a course of years, they would multiply so much, as to be extended over all the isles of the Southern Ocean. The like success did not attend the sheep which had been left in the country. These speedily died, one excepted, which wa» said to be yet alive. Our navigators also furnished the natives with cats, having given away no less than twenty at Otaheite, besides some which had been made presents of at Ulietea and Huaheine. On the 15th of May, Captain Cook an* chored in O'Wharre Harbour, in the island of Huaheine. He was immediately visited by his friend Oree, and the same agreeable intercourse subsisted between the captain and this good old chief which had formerly ;aken place. Red feathers were not here in such estimation as they had been at Ota^ heite ; the natives of Huaheine having the good sense to give a preference to the more useful articles of nails and axes. When our commander was ready to sail from this island, Oree was the last man that went out of the vessel. At parting, Captain Cook told him thar. they should meet each other no more ; at which he wept, and said CAPTAIN COOK. 101 * Let your sons come, we will treat them well/' We shall now pass over the detail of Cap- tain Cook's proceedings, until his arrival at Queen Charlotte's Sound, where it was his intention to refresh his crew once more, and put his vessel in a condition to encounter the southern latitudes. In the course pursued, he had discovered the group of islands which he called the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and several other smaller ones; but the incidents were so similar in all these places, that a relation of them could not interest the reader. On the 18th of October, he anchored be- fore Ship Cove, in that sound ; and the first thing he did, after landing, was to look for the bottle he had left on the shore, in which was a memorandum. •• It was taken away ; and it soon appeared, from indubitable cir- cumstances, that the Adventure had been in the cove, after it was quitted by the Resolution. Upon visiting the gardens which had been formed at Motuara, they yveve found almost in a state of nature, having been wholly ne- glected by the inhabitants. Many, however, of the articles were in a flourishing condi- tion, and showed how well they liked the soil in which they were planted. It was several days before any of the natives made their appearance ; but when they did so, V 102 LIFE or and recognized Captain Cook and his friends, joy succeeded to fear. They hurried in numbers out of the woods, and embraced the English over and over again, leaping and skipping about like mad-men. The captain's whole intercourse with the New Zealanders, during this his third visit to Queen Charlotte's Sound, was peaceable and friendly ; and one of them, a man appa- rently of consequence, whose name was Pedero, presented him with a staff of ho- nour, such as the chiefs generally carry. In return, our commander dressed Pedero, who had a fine person ^ and a good presence, in a suit of old clothes, of which he was not a little proud. ^ Captain Cook still continued his solicitude to stock the island with useful animals ; and accordingly, in addition to what he had for- merly done, he ordered two pigs, a boar and a sow, to be put on shore. There was reason to believe that some of the cocks and hens which had formerly been left here, still ex- isted. None of them, indeed, were seen ; but a hen's eg^ was found, which had not long been laid On the 10th of November, Captain Cook took his departure from New Zealand, in farther pursuit of his great object, the de- termination of the question concerning the existence of a southern continent. Having /sailed till the 27th, in different degrees 'if le- Ihe CAP1AIN COOK, 1 latitude, extending from 43*" to 55^ 48 south, he gave up all hopes of finding any more land in this ocea\i. He came, therefore, to the resolution of coasting the south side of Terra del Fuego ; round Cape Horn, to Strait Le Maire. Of this shore, the world had hitherto obtained but a very imperfect knowledge, but the result of this design was to supply all that had been defective in the accounts of former navigators. On the 28th of December he proceeded round Cape Horn, through Strait Le Maire. The great purpose of his navigation round the globe being thus completed, the captain, to the great joy of his crew, directed the helm to be set for the Cape of Good Hope, intending to return to England without further delay. Soon after he had come to this determi- nation, he called together the officers and crew, and enjoined them not. to divulge where they had been, till they t|^ere per- mitted to do so by the Admiralty ; he pro- mised also to recommend for promotion and reward all such as by their good conduct appeared to him to have deserved it. On Wednesday, the 22dof March, he an- chored in Table Bay ; having, during the circumnavigation of the globe, from the pe- riod of leaving the Cape of Good Hope, to his return to it again, sailed no less than twenty thousand leagues. This was an extent K 104 LIVR OF % of voyage nearly equal to three times the circumference of the earth, and which had never been accomplished before by any ship ^n the same time. In such a case, it could not be a matter of surprise that the rigging and sails of the Resolution shguld be essen- tially damaged, and even worn out : and yet in all this great run, which had been made in every latitude between nine and seventy- one, she did not spring either low-mast, top mast, lower or top-sail yard; nor did she so much as break a lower or top-mast shroud. These happy circumstarces were owing to the good properties of the vessel, and the singular care and abilities of her officers. On the remainder of the voyage it is not necessary to enlarge. On the 13th of July, 1775, Captain Cook anchored at Spithead, and landed at Ports- mouth, having been absent from Great Bri- tain three years and eighteen days, in which time, and under all changes of climate^ he had lost but four men, and only one of them by sickness. , < CHAP, v The able manner in which Captain Cook had conducted the preceding voyage, the discoveries he had made, and his complete determination of the grand point he had.been sent to ascertain, justly and powerfuUv re- CAFTAIH COOK. 106 look commended him both to protection and encouragement. Accordingly, our navigator, on the 0th of August, was raised to the rank of a Post Captain, and three days after, received a more distinguished and substantial mark of the approbation of government, for he was then appointed a Captaui in Green- wich Hospital; a situation which was intended to afford him a pleasing and honourablo reward for his illustrious labours and services. But it was not from the munificence of his sovereign alone that Captain Cook was to obtain his reward. On the 29th of Fe- bruary, 1776, he was unanimously chosen a member of the Royal Society of London, and had also the high honour of being ad- judged the gold medal, for an essay which he had written upon the tides in the South Seas. In the speech which the President, Sir John Pringle, delivered on this occasion, he justly asks, ^* What inquiry can be so useful as that which hath for its object the saving of the lives of men ? and when shall we find one more successful than that before us ? Here," adds he, " is a concise and art- less, and an incontested, relation of the means by which, under Divine favour. Captain Cook, with a company of a hundred and eighteen men, performed a voyage of three years and eighteen days, throughout all the climates, from fifty-two degrees north, to seventy-one degrees south, with the loss of only one man ih»i 106 LIF£ Of by sickness. I would now inquire,'' proceeds Sir John Pringle, " of the most conversant in the study of bills of mortality, whether, in the most healthful climate, and in the best condition of life, they have ever found so small a number of deaths, within that space of time ? How great and agreeable then must our surprise be, after perusing the his- tories of long navigations in former days, when so many perished by marine diseases, to find the air of the sea acquitted of all malignity, and, in fine, that a voyage round the world may be undertaken with less dan- ger, perhaps, to health, than a common tour in Europe !*' One circumstance alone was wanting to complete the pleasure and celebrity arising from the assignment of this medal. Captain Cook was not himself present, to hear the discourse of the President, and to receive the honour conferred upon him. Some months previous to this, he had sailed on his last expedition. The medal, therefore, was delivered into the hands of Mrs. Cook, whose satisfaction at being entrusted with so va- luable a pledge of her husband's reputation, cannot be questioned. Neither can it be doubted, but that the captain, < before his departure from England, was fully apprised of the mark of distinction which was intended for him by the Royal Society. Captain Cook^ after the conclusion of his va- ition. f his CAPTAIN COOK. 107 ■econd voyage, was called upon to appear in the world in the character of an author. It was not, however, till some time after Captain Cook's leaving England that the work was published; but, in the meanwhile, the super- intendence of it was undertaken by his learned and valuable friend, Dr. Douglas, afterwards Bishop of Carlisle. Though Captain Cook was expected to sit down in repose, after his toils and labours, the design of farther discoveries was not laid aside. The illusion, indeed, of a southern continent had been dispelled : but it had long been a favourite object with navigators, and particularly with the English, to discover a shorter and more commodious route to Japan and China, and, indeed, to the East Indies in general, than by making the tedious circuit of the Cape of Good Hope. To find a western passage round North America, had been attempted by several bold adventurers ; but the wished-for passage, on that side, into the Pacific Ocean, was still unattained. To ascertain a matter of such importance and magnitude in navigation, was reserved to be another glory of the reign of George the Third ; and it was accordingly resolved, that a voyage should be undertaken for the purpose. For the conduct of such an enterprise, it was evident that great ability, skill, and expe- rience were indispensably necessary. That K 2 lOB LIFE ur ! t ■ '■)' 'II ,1 il 'J i a t Captain Cook was of all men the best qua* lified for carrying it into execution, was a matter that could not be called in question. But the beneBts he had already conferred on sci'^nce and navigation, and the labours and dangers he had gone through, were so many and great, that it was not deemed reasonable to ask him to engage in fresh perils. At the same time, as nothing could be more natural than to consult him upon the subject, his advice was particularly re- quested with regard to the properest person for conducting the voyage. To determine this point, the captain. Sir Hugh Palliser, and Mr. Stephens, were invited to Lord Sand- wich's to dinner. Here, besides taking into consideration what officer should be recom- mended to his Majesty for accomplishing the purposes in view, many things were said concerning the nature of the design. Its grandeur and dignity, the consequences of it to navigation and science, and the completion it would give to the whole system of discoveries, were enlarged upon in the course of the conversation. Captain Cook was so fired with the contemplation and representation of the object, that he started up, and declared that he himself would undertake the direction of the enterprise. It is easy to suppose with what pleasure the gentle^;^n present received d projposal which was so agte^able to their secret wisti^Si a»d which they lihought of the CAPTAIN COOK. 109 highest importance towards attaining the ends of the voyage. No time was lost by the Earl of Sandwich in laying the matter before the king ; and Captain Cook was appointed to the command of the expedition, on the iOth of February, 1776. Two vessels were fixed upon by govern- ment for the intended service; the Resolution, and the Discovery. The command of the former was given to Captain Cook, and of the other to Captain Cierke. To the Reso- lution was assigned the same complement of officers and men which she had during her preceding voyage ; and the only difference in the establishment of the Discovery, from that of the Adventure, was in the single instance of her having no marine officer on board. Both the vessels were supplied with as much of every necesasry article as could conveniently be stowed, and with the best of each kind that could be procured. Whatever, likewise, the experience of the former voyage had shown to be of any utility in preserving the health of seamen, was provided in a large abundance. That some permanent benefit might be conveyed to the inhabitants of the islands of the Pacific Ocean, whom our navigators might happen to visit, his late Majesty, with that benevolence which always distinguished him, ordered that a bull, two COW89 with their calves, and several sheep. 110 LIFE OP i •hould be carried out to those countries. With the same benevolent purpose, the captain was furnished with a quantity of garden seeds, a valuable present to the newly dis- covered islands, as it would add fresh supplies of food to their own vegetable productions. By order of the Board of Admiralty, many articles besides were delivered to our com- mander, which were calculated, in various ways, to improve the condition of the natives of the other hemisphere. Still farther to promote a friendly intercourse with them, and to carry on a traffic that might be pro- fitable on both sides, an ample assortment was provided of iron tools and trinkets. As the ships were to touch at Otaheite, and the Society Islands, it had been determined not to omit the only opportunity which might ever offer of carrying Gmai back to his native country. Accordingly, he left London, on the 24th of June, in company with Captain Cook ; and it was with a mixture of regret and satisfaction that he took his departure. The good treatment he received in England, had made a deep impression upon his mind ; nevertheless, the prospect of returning home, loaded with what would there be es- teemed invaluable treasures, and the flattering hope of attaining to a distinguished supe- riority among his countrymen, were consider- ations wihich operated, by degrees, to suppreM' every uneasy sensation. By the time he h&d' CAPTAIK COOK. Ill gotten on board the ship, he appeared to bo quite happy. His Majesty had furnished Omai with an ample provision of every article which our English navigators, during their former in- tercourse with Otaheite, and the Society Islands, had observed to be in any estima- tion there, either as useful or ornamental. Many presents, likewise, of the same nature, had been made him by Lord Sandwich, Sir Joseph Banks, and several other gentlemen and ladies of his acquaintance. In short, both during his residence in England, and at his departure from it, no method had been neglected which could be calculated to ren- der him the instrument of extensive useful* ness to the inhabitants of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. CHAP. VI. Every preparation for the voyage being completed, Captain Cook, on the 12th of June, 1776, stood out of Plymouth Sound, and pursued his course down the channel. Captain Clerke wa^ to foilow as soon as some business which detained him in London would permit. On the 18th of October the Reso- lution came to an anchor in Table Bay, at the Cape of Good Hope, and on the 10th of November was joined by the Discovery. She had sailed from England on th Ist of Au- 112 lAVK OK gust, and would have reached the Cape of Good Hope a week sooner, if she had not been driven from the coast by a storm. Every assistance was immediately given to put her into a proper condition for proceed- ing on the voyage. While the necessary preparations for the fu- ture navigation were completing, a disaster happened with regard to the cattle which had been carried out in the Resolution. They had been conveyed on shore, tor the pur- pose of grazing. The bull, and the two cows with their calves, had been sent to graze along with some other cattle ; but Captain Cook was advised to keep the sheep, which were sixteen in number, close to the tents^ where they were penned up every evening. During the night preceding the 14th, some dogs having gotten in among them, forced them out of the pen, killed four, and dis- persed the rest. These last, however, were soon after recovered, with the exception of two of the finest ewes of the whole flock, of which he never could hear the least tidings. In the supplies which were provided at the Cape, Captain Cook paid a particular regard to the nature and extent of his undertaking As it v/as impossible to tell when, or where, he might meet with a place which could so amply contribute to his necessities, he thought proper to lay in such a store of provisions for both ships, as would be sufficient to last CAPTAIN COOK. 113 I them for two years, and upwards ; he also made an addition to his stock of cattle. Our commander having given a copy of his instructions to Captain Gierke, and an order directing him how to proceed in case of a separation, weighed from Table Bay on the 30th of November, intending, agreeably to his instructions, to touch next at New Zealand, that he might obtain a recruit of water, take in wood, and make hay for the cattle. Their number was soon considerably diminished ; for two young bulls, one of the heifers, two rams, and several pf the goats, had died. Nothing very remarkable occurred to our voyagers till the 24th of January, 1777, when they discovered Van Diemen's Land ; and, on the 26th, the ships came to an anchor in Adventure Bay. Captain Cook, as soon as he had anchored, ordered the boats to be hoisted out ; in one of which he went him- self, to look for the most commodious place for obtaining the necessary supplies. Wood and water were found in abundance, and in places sufficiently convenient ; but grass, which was most wanting, was scarce, and, at the same time, very coarse. Necessity, however, obliged our {Teople to take up with such as could be procured. On the 2Bth, the English who were em- ployed in cutting wood, were agreeably sur- prised with a visit from the natives. They !i:N |i I * I t! h ' >i . 114 LIfB OF consisted of .ught men and a boy, who ap- proachedy not only without fear» but with confidence and freedom. There was only one among them who had any thing which bore the appearance of a weapon. These people were naked, and wore no ornaments ; unless some large punctures or ridges raised on different parts of their bodies, either in straight or curved lines, may be considered in that light. Most of them had tlieir hair and beards smeared with a red ointment; and the faces of some were painted with the same composition. Every present which Captain Cook made them, they received without the least appearance of satisfaction. Of bread and elephant fish, which were offered them, they refused to taste, but showed that they were fond of birds as an article of food. Two pigs, which the captain had brought on shore, having come within their reach, they seized them by the ears, as a dog would have done, and would have carried them off immedi- ately apparently to kill them. Our commander being desirous of knowing the use of the stick which one of the Indians had in his hands, he signified, by signs, his wishes to that purpose. His intimations so far suc- ceeded, that one of them set up a piece of wood as a mark, and threw at it, at ♦he dis- tance of twenty yards. There was no reason to commend his dexterity; for, after repeated UrialSy he was still very wide from his object. ■3 4 APtAIN COOK 115 Omaiy to convince the natives how much our weapons were superior to theirs, then fired his musket at the mark, by which they were so greatly terrified, that notwithstanding all the endeavours of the English to quiet their minds, they ran instantly into the woods. After the retreat of the Indians, Captain Cook, judging that their fears would prevent their remaining near enough to observe what passed, ordered the two pigs, b€ing a boar and a sow, to be carried about a mile within the head of the bay, and saw them left there, by the side of a fresh-water brook. It was, at first, his benevolent intention to make an additional present to Van Oilmen's Land, of a young bull, and cow, together with some sheep and goats. But he laid aside this design, being persuaded that the natives would destroy them. As pigs are animals which soon become wild, and are fond of the thickest cover of the woods, there was the greater probability of their being preserved. For the accommodation of the other cattle, an open place must have been chosen; in which situation they could not have been concealed many days. While our navigators were at Van Diemen's Land, they were successful in obtaining a plentiful crop of grass for their cattle, and such as was far more excellent than what they had met with at their first going on shore. The quantity collected was judged by the L •'.^i 116 LIFE OV captain to be sufficient to last till his arrival in New Zealand. >< . i Some wretched constructions of sticks co- vered with bark, and which did not deserve the name of huts, were indeed found near the shore ; but these seemed only to have been erected for temporary purposes. ^^The most comfortable habitations of the tiMives were afforded by the largest trees. These had their trunks hollowed out by fire, to the height of six or seven feet; and there was room enough 1 them for three or four persons to sit round nearth, made of clay. At the same time, these places of shelter are durable ; for the people take care to leave one side of the tree sound, which is sufficient to keep it in luxu- riant growth. On the 30th of January, 1777, Captain Cook sailed from Adventure Bay, and on the 12th of February, c^me to an anchor at his old station of Queen Charlotte's Sound, in New Zealand. Here, according to his instructions, he was to take in a supply of wood and water, and of hay for the cattle. The number of these were now sensibly dimi- nished, several having died during the hard weather they had met. Our navigators had not long been at an- chor, before a number of canoes came along- side of the ships. However, very few of the natives would venture on board ; which ap- peared the more extraordinary, as the cap* Trival cs co- nserve ar the 5 been most were I their ?ht of [lough round time, >r the e tree luxu- aptain id on nchor oundy o his ply of [tattle, dimi- i hard at an- dong- of the ;h ap- 3 cap- '■ •! Vi»5' ,#- * CAPTAIN COOK. 117 tain was well known to them all, and they ^ could not be insensible how liberally he had behaved to them on former occasions. There was one man in particular, whom he had treated with remarkable kindness during the whole of his last stay in this plac^ ; and yet . neither professions of friendship, nor pre- sents, could prevail upon him to enter the Resolution. There was a real cause for this shyness on the part of the New Zealanders. A dreadful event had happened to some of Captain Furneaux's crew, while he lay in Queen Charlotte's Sound, after he had finally sepa- rated from Captain Cook in the former voyage. Ten men, who had been sent out in the large cutter to gather wild greens for the ship's company, were killed in a skirmish with the natives. What was the cause of the quarrel, could not be ascertained, as not one of the company survived to relate the story. Lieutenant Burney, who was ordered to go in search of them, found only some fragments of their bodies, from which it ap- peared that they had been converted into food by the inhabitants. It was fear of this being revenged, which now rendered the New Zealanders so fearful of entering the English vessels. From the conversation of Omai, who was on board the Adventure when the melancholy affair happened, they knew that it could not be unknown to Cap-. l2 p k * j >l 1 V ll i ■il 19 118 Lii^B or tain Cook. The captain, therefore, judged it necessary to use every endeavour to assure them of the continuance of his friendship. It was most probably in consequence of this assurance that they soon laid aside all man- ner of restraint and distrust. In the meanwhile, the operations for refit- ting the ships, and for obtaining provisions, were carried on with great vigour. For the protection of the party on shore, our com- mander appointed a guard of ten marines, and ordered arms for all the workmen ; with whom one of the officers constantly remained. A boat was never sent to any distance with- out being armed, and under the direction of such officers as might be depended upon, and who were well acquainted with the na- tives. In Captain Cook's former visits to this country, he had never made use of such precautions ; nor was he now convinced of their absolute necessity. But, after the tra- gical fate of the crew of the Adventure's boat in this sound, it was impossible to free our navigators from all apprehensions of ex- periencing a similar calamity. Whatever fears the inhabitants might at first entertain of the resentment of the English, they soon became so perfectly easy upon the subject, as to take up their resi. dence close to our voyagers; and the ad- vantage of diis was not inconsiderable. Every day, when the weather would permit. ire's free CAPTAiy COOK. 1I9 some of them went out to catch fish ; and our people generally obtained, by exchanges^ a good share of the produce of their la- bours, in addition to the supply which was afforded by our own nets and lines. Nor was there a deficiency of vegetable refresh- ments ; to which was united spruce beer for drink ; so that if the seeds of the scurvy had been contracted by any of the crew, they would speedily have been removed by such a regimen. The fact, however, was, that there were only two invalids upon the sick lists in both ships. Amongst the persons who occasionally visited the English, was a chief of the name of Ka- hoora, who, as Captain Cook was informed, had headed the party that cut ofi* Captain Furneaux's people, and had himself killed Mr. Rowe, the officer who commanded. This man our commander was strongly solicited to put to death, even by some of the natives ; and Omai was particularly eager and violent upon the subject. To these solicitations the captain paid not the least degree of attention. He even admired Kahoora's courage, and was not a little pleased with the confidence with which he had put himself into his power. Captain Cook continued, in this his last visit to New Zealand, the solicitude he had formerly shown to be of some essential future serxi^j^^p li^^ jt^ountry. ' To onfe chief he gave tyfogi^i^l^jlj^le^ai^&i^ and in I !' I J ■'I'll i' 120 Lir£ OF to another two pigs, a boar and a sow. At different times, also, he had left iu New Zealand ten or a dozen hogs, besides those which had been put on shore by Captain Furneaux. It will, therefore, be extraordi- nary if this race of animals should not in- crease, and be preserved, either in a wild or a domestic state. With regard to the gar- dens which had formerly been planted, though they had almost entirely been ne- glected, and some of them destroyed, they were not wholly unproductive. They were found to contain cabbages, onions, leeks, purslain, radishes, mustard, and a few po- tatoes. The potatoes, which had first been brought from the Cape of Good Hope, were greatly meliorated by change of soil ; and, with proper cultivation, would be superior to those produced in most other countries. At the request of Omai, Captain Cook consented to take with him two youths from, New Zealand. That they might not quit their native country under any mistaken ideas, the captain took care to inform their parents, in the strongest terms, that they would never return. This declaration seemed, however, to make no kind of impression. The father of the youngest lad resigned him with utter indifference, and eren stripped the boy of the little clothing he possessed, delivering him quite naked into the hands of our Toyag^rs. TbU w^ . not the case with CAPTAIN COOK. 121 tne motlier of the other youth. She took her leave of him with all the marks of tender affection that might be expected between a parent and child on such an occasion ; but she soon resumed her cheerfulness, and went away wholly unconcerned. On the 25th of February, Captain Cook stood out of Queen Charlotte's Sound, and by the 27th got clear of New Zealand. No sooner had the ships lost sight of the land, than the two young adventurers from that country, one of whom was nearly eighteen years of age, and the other about ten, began deeply to repent of the step they had taken. They wept, and Tiade their lamentation in a kind of song, that seemed to be expressive of the praises of their country and people, from which they were to be separated for ever. In this disposition they continued for many days : but as their sea-sickness wore off, the fits of lamentation became less and less frequent, and at length entirely ceased. By degrees, their native country and their friends were forgotten, and they appeared to be as firmly attached to our navigators, as if they had been born in England. On the 3d of April, Captain Cook cast an- chor before an island which was called Wa- teeou by the natives, and immediately dis- patched Mr. Gore, one of the officers, with three boats, to end^Voaf:|^^ t?pen^n iritei^i. course with the hattvls ; Mr. Gbrie hiinself. 122 LIVE or Omai, and two others, however, were the only persons that stepped ashore. It had never been visited by Europeans before ; but the surprise of the party was great when Oinai recognized, amongst the crowd assem- bled on the beach, three of his own coun- trymen, natives of the Society Islands. The distance between these two places was two hundred leagues of ocean, and the wretched canoes their inhabitants are known to make use of, are fit only for a passage where sight of land is scarcely ever lost. It may easily be supposed with what mutual surprise and satisfaction this interview of Omai with his countrymen was attended. Twelve years before, about twenty persons in number, of both sexes, had embarked on board a canoe at Otaheite, to cross over to the neighbour- ing island of Ulietea. A violent storm having arisen, which drove them out of their course^ and their provisions being very scanty, they suffered incredible hardships, and the great- est part of them perished by famine and fatigue* Four men only survived when they were providentially brought within sight of the people of this island, who immediately sent out canoes, and brought them on shore. Those who now survived, expressed a strong sense of the kind treatment they had re- ceived ; and so well satisfied were they with their present situation, that they refused the offer of being conveved to their native couii-* captAit^ cook. 123 try. A very important instruction may be derived from this incident. It will serve to explain how the different parts of the earth, and, in particular, how the islands of the South Sea, though lying; remote from any inhabited continent, or from each other, may nave originally been peopled. Similar ad- ventures have occurred in the history of na- vigation and shipwrecks. ... Having weighed anchor from Wateeou, the captain on the Istof May reached Annamooka, where he took the very same station which he had occupied when he visited the country three years before. A friendly intercourse was immediately opened with the natives, and every thing was settled to the captain's satis- faction. The only interruption to the harmony which subsisted between our people and the natives of Annamooka, arose from the thievish disposition of many of the inhabitants. Even some of the chiefs did not think the profession unbecoming their dignity. One of them was detected in carrying a bolt out of the ship, for which Captain Cook sentenced him to receive a dozen lashes, and kept him con- fined till he had paid a hog for his liberty. After this, our navigators were no longer troubled with thieves of rank : but their servants, or slaves, were still employed in the dirty work; and upon them a flogging seemed to make no greater impression than it would have done upon the main-mast. At length. \1\ LIPE O Captain o.erke invented a mode of treatment, which was thought to be productive of some good effect. He put the thieves into the hands of. the barber, and completely shaved their heads. In consequence of this operation, they became objects of ridicule to their own countrymen ; and our people^ by keeping them at a distance, were enabled to deprive them of future opportunities for a repetition of their rogueries. The island of Annamooka being exhausted of its articles of food, on the 10th of June, Captain Cook arrived at Tongataboo, where the king was waiting for him upon the beach, and immediately conducted him to a small, but neat, house, which, he was told, was at his service, during his stay in the island. The house was situated a little within the skirts of the woods, and had a fine large area before it ; so that a more agreeable spot could not have been provided. Captain Cook, on the 19th, made a distri- bution of the animals which he had selected S!» presents for the principal men of the island. To Poulaho,the king, he gave a young English bull and cow, together with three goats ; to Mareewagee, a chief of consequence, a Cape ram and two ewes ; Lnd to Feenow, a horse and a mare. Omai, at the same time^ was instructed to represent the importance of these animals, and to explain, as far as he was capable of doing it, the manner in which they should be preserved and treated. ^P^; i^ J CAPTAIN COOK. 125 On the I7th of July, our commander took his final leave of the Friendly Islands, and resumed his voyage, and on the 12th of August reached the south-east part of Otaheite. Omai's first reception amongst his countrymen was not entirely of a flattering nature. Though several persons came on board who knew him, and one of them was his brother* in>law, there was nothing remarkably tender or striking in their meeting. An interview which Omai had with his sister, was agreeable to the feelings of nature ; for it was marked with expressions of tender affection, more easy to be conceived than described. In a visit likewise which he received from an aunt, the old lady threw herself at his feet, and plentifully bedewed them with tears of joy. Captain Cook had at this time an important affair to settle. As he knew that he could now be furnished with a plentiful supply of cocoa-nuts, the liquor of which is an excellent and wholesome beverage, he was desirous of prevailing upon his people to consent to their being abridged, during their stay at Otaheite and the neighbouring islands, of their stated allowance of spirits to mix with water. But as this stoppage of a favourite article, without assigning some reason for it, might occasion murmurs, he thought it most prudent to as- semble the ship's company, and to make known to them the design of the voyage, and the ■m n ki ^ i ' 126 LIFE OF extent of their future operations. He made no doubt, he told them, that he should find them willing to co-operate with him in attain- ing the object of the voyage; but to give tiie Dest chance of success, it would be necessary to observe the utmost economy in the expen- diture of the stores and provisions, as there was no probability of getting a supply any w^here, after leaving these islands. He re- minded them, that, in consequence of the opportunities having been lost of getting to the north this summer, the voyage mii^, '/ct at least a year longer than had originally bec^n supposed. He entreated therh to consider the difficulties they might still meet with, and the hardships they would have to endure, if 't should be found necessary to put them to short allowance, of any species of provision;*, in a cold climate. For these very substantial reasons, he submitted to them, whether it would not be better to be prudent in time, and, rather than to incur the hazard of having no spirits left, when such a cordial would most be wanted, to consent to give up their grog now, when so excellent a liquor as that of cocoa-nuts could be substituted in its place. In conclusion, our commander left the determination of the matter entirely to heir own choice. This speech produced its full effect on the generous minds of the English seamen. Captain Cook had the satisfaction of finding F CAPTAIN COOK. 127 that his proposal did not remain a single moment under consideration ; being unani- mously and immediately approved of, without the least objection. Accordingly, grog was no longer served, excepting on Saturday nights ; wh^n the companies of both ships had a full allowance of it, that they might drink the healths of their friends in England. On the 24th, Captain Cook quitted the south-east part of Otaheite, and resumed his old station in Matavia Bay. Immediately upon his arrival, he was visited by Otoo, the king of the whole island, and their former friendship was renewed. One of our com- mander's first objects was to dispose of all the European animals which were in the ships. Accordingly, he conveyed to Oparre, Otoo's place of residence, a peacock and hen ; a turkey Cock and hen ; one gander, and three geese; a drake, and foujr ducks. The geese and ducks began to breed before our navigators left their present station. There were already at Otoo's, several goats and the Spanish bull ; which was one of the finest animals of the kind that was ever seen. Captain Cook also sent the three cows he had on board, together with a bull of his own : to all which were added the horse and mare, and the sheep that had still remained in the vessels. Captain Cook and Captain Clerke, on the 14th of September, mpujited on horseback. 128 LIFE OF and took a ride round the plain of Mataria, to the great surprise of a large number of the natives, who attended upon the occasion, and gazed upon them with the utmost asto- nishment. What the two captains had begun, was afterwards repeated every day, by one and another of our people ; notwithstanding which, the curiosity of the Otaheitans still continued unabated. They wer3 exceedingly delighted with these animals, after they had seen 1/ se which was made of them. Not all the novelties put together, which Euro- pean visitors had carried amongst the inha- bitants, inspired them with so high an idea of the greatness of distant nations. The manner in which our commander was freed from a rheumatic complaint, that con- sisted of a pain, extending from the hip to the foot, deserves to be recorded. Otoo's mother, his three sisters, and eight other wo- men, went on board for the express purpose of undertaking the cure of his disorder. He accepted of their friendly offer, had a bed spread for them on the cabin floor, and sub- mitted himself to their directions. Being desired to lay himself down amongst them, as many of them as could get round him, began to squeeze him with both hands, from head to foot, but more particularly in the part where the pain was lodged, till they made his bones crack, and his flesh became a perfect mummy. After undergoing this Oi CAPTAIN COOK. l29 discipline about a quarter of an hour, he was glad to be released from the women. The operation, however, gave him immediate' relief; so that he was encouraged to submit to another rubbing down before he went to bed ; the consequence of which was, that he was totally easy all the succeeding night. His female physicians repeated their pre- scription the next morning, and again in the evening; after which his pains were entirely removed, and the cure was perfected. This operation, which is called Romee^ is univer- sally practised among theie islanders; being sometimes performed by the men, but more generally by the women. Captain Cook, who now had resolved to depart soon from Otaheite, accompanied, on the 27th, Otoo to Oparree, and examined the cattle and poultry, which he had consigned to his friend's care. Every thing was in a promising way, and properly attended. The captain procured from Otoo four goats ; two of which he designed to leave at Ulietea, where none had as yet been introduced; and the other two he proposed to reserve for the use of any islands he might meet with in his passage to the north. On the next day, Otoo came on board, and informed our commander, that he had a canoe, which he desired him to carry home, as a present to the Earee rahic no Pretane. This, he said, was the oaly thing he could send, which was worthy 130 I«IVK Of of his Majesty's acceptance. Captain Cook was pleased with Otoo for this mark of hit gratitude ; and the more, as the thought was entirely his own. Not one of our people had given him the least hint concerning it ; and it showed him fully sensible to whom he stood indebtjed for the most valuable presents that he had received. As the canoe was too large to be taken on board, the captain could only thank him for his good intentions; but it would have given him a much greater satisfaction if his present could have been accepted. From Otaheite our voyagers sailed on the 30th, and on the 12th of October arrived at Owharre harbour, on the west side of Hua- faeine. The grand business of our commander at this island, was the settlement of Omal, In order to obtain the consent of the chiefs of the island, the affair was conducted with great solemnity. Omai dressed himself very properly on the occasion ; brought with him a suitable assortment of presents, went through a variety of religious ceremonies, and made a speech, the topics of which had been dic- tated to him by our commander. The result of the negociation was, that a spot of ground was assigned him, the extent of which, along the shore of the harbour, was about two hua* dred yards, and its depth, to the foot of the hill, somewhat more. A proportional part of the hill was included in the grant. This bu- siness having been adjusted in a satisfactory •I CAPTAIN COOK. 131 manner, the carpenters of both ships were employed in building a small house for Oraai, in which he might secure his European com- modities. At the same time, some of the English made a garden for his use, in which they planted shaddocks, vines, pine-apples, melons, and the seeds of several other vege- table articles. All of these Captain Cook had the satisfaction of seeing in a flourishing state before he left the island. At Huaheine, Omai found a brother, a sis- ter, and a brother-in-law, by whom he was received with great regard and tenderness. But though they were faithful and affection- ate in their attachment to him, the captain discovered, with concern, that they were of too little consequence in the island to be capable of rendering him any positive ser- vice. They had not either authority or in- fluence to protect his person or property ; and, in such a situation, there was reason to apprehend that he might be in danger of being stripped of all his possessions, as soon as he should cease to be supported by the power of the English. To prevent this evil, if possible, our commander advised him to conciliate the favour and protection of two or three of the principal chiefs, by a proper distribution of some of his moveables ; with which advice he prudently complied. Cap- tain Cook, howeyei*, did not entirely trust to the operations of gratitude, but took every rm 132 LIFE OF Opportunity of signifying to the inhabitants, that it was his intention to return to the island again ; and that, if he did not find Omai in the same state of security in which he left him, all those whom he should then discover to have been his enemies should feel his resentment. As the natives had now formed an opinion that their country would be visited by the ships of England at stated periods, there was ground to hope that this threatening declaration would produce no in- considerable effect. When Omai's house was nearly finished, and many of his moveables were carried ashore, a box of toys excited the admiration of the multitude in a much higher degree than articles of a more useful nature. With regard to his pots, kettles, dishes, plates, drinking-mugs, glasses, and the whole train of domestic accommodations, v^^hich in our estimation are so necessary and important, scarcely any one of his countrymen would condescend to look upon them. Omai him- self, being sensible that these pieces of English furniture would be of no great con- sequence in his present situation, wisely sold a number of them, among the people of the ships, for hatchets, and other iron tools, which had a more intrinsic value in this part of the world, and .would give him a more distinguished superiority over those with whom he was to pass the remainder of his days. • ••• '" ' '■-''■' ^f'.D CAPTAIN COOK. 133 The European weapons of Omai consisted of a musquet, bayonet, and cartouch-box ; a fowling-piece; two pair of pistols; and two 07 three swords or cutlasses. With the possession of these warlike implements, he was highly delighted ; and it was only to gratify his eager desire for them, that Cap- tain Cook was induced to make him such presents. The captain would otherwise have thought it happier for him to be with- out fire-arms, or any European weapons, lest an imprudent use of them should rather increase his dangers than establish his supe- riority. Whatever faults belonged' to Omai's cha- racter, they were overbalanced by his good nature and his gratitude. He had a tole- rable share of understanding, but it was not accompanied with application and perse- verance ; so that his knowledge was in most instances imperfect ; nor was he a man of much observation. Captain Cook, however, was confident that he would endeavour to bring to perfection the fruits and vegetables which had been planted in his -garden. This of itself would be no small acquisition to the natives. But the greatest benefit which these islands are likely to receive from Omai's travels, was to be in the animals that were left upon them; and which, had it not been for his coming to England, they might pro- bably never have obtained. When these 134 LIFE OF multiply, of which Captain Ccx>k thought there was little reason to doubt, Otaheite, and the Society Islands, will equal, if not exceed, any country in the known world, for plenty of provisions. Before our commander sailed from Hua- heine, he had the following inscription cut on the outside of Omai's house, in latin : George III, King, 2 November, nil. ori . ( Resolution, James Cook, Captain, P I Discovery, Charles Clerke, Certain. On the same day, Omai took his final leave of our navigators, in a very affectionate man- ner. He sustained himself with a manly resolution till he came to Captain Cook, when his utmost efforts to conceal his tears failed ; and he continued to weep all the time that the boat was conveying him to shore. Not again to resume the subject, it may be men- tioned, that when the captain was at Ulietea, a fortnight after this event, Omai sent two men with the satisfactory intelligence, that he remained undisturbed by the people of Huaheine, and that every thing succeeded well with him, excepting in the loss of his goat, which had died in kidding. This intel- ligence was accompanied with a request that another goat might be given him, together with two axes. Our commander/ esteeming himself happy in having an '-additional op- portunity of serving him, dibpatched the CAPTAIN COOK. 136 messengers back with the axes, and a couple of kids, male and female. The fate of the two youths who had been brought from New Zealand, must not be for- gotten. As they were extremely desirous of continuing with our people, Captain Cook would have carried them to England with him, if there had appeared the most distant pro- bability of their ever being restored to their own country. Tiarooa, the eldest of them, was a very well disposed young man, with strong natural sense, and a capacity of re- ceiving any instruction. He seemed to be fully convinced of the inferiority of New Zealand to these islands, and resigned him- self, though with reluctanc'f^, to end his days, in ease and plenty, in Huaheine. The other had formed so strong an attachment to our navigators, that it was necessary to take him out of the ship, and carry him ashore by force. This necessity was the more pain- ful, as he was a witty, smart boy ; and, on that account, a great favourite on board. Both these youths became a part of Omai's family. Some days after, a very troublesome affair happened at Ulietea, the next island at which the ships stopped, and which nothing but the great firmness and prudence of the com- mander, could have brought to so favourable an issue. On the morning of the 24tb,;the captain was informed that a midshipman and 4 3i i 130 Lire or a seaman, both belonging to the Discovery, were missing; and it soon appeared that they had gone away in a canoe, in the pre- ceding evening, and had now reached the other lend of the island. Though Captain Gierke immediately set out in quest of them, with two armed boats, and a party of marines, his expedition proved fruitless, the natives having amused him the whole day with false intelligence. The next morning account was brought that the deserters were at Otaha. As they were not (he only persons in the ships who wished to spend their days at these fa- vourite islands, it became necessary, for the purpose of preventing any farther de rtion, to recover them at all events. Captai ook, therefore, in order to convince the inhabitants that he was in earnest, resolved to go after the fugitives himself; to which measure he was determined, from having observed that the natives had seldom deceived him with false information. Agreeably to this resolution, the captain set out, the next morning, with two armed lk>ats, being accompanied by Oreo, the chief ' of yiietea, and proceeded immediately to Otaha.' But when he had gotten to the place where' the deserters were expected to be found, he was informed that they were gone over to Bolabola. Thither our commander did not think proper to follow them, having determined to pursue another measure, which 1 ^J CAPTAIN CUOKi 137 he judged would more effectually answer his purpose. This measure was, to put the chiefs son, daughter, and son-in-law, into confine- ment, and to detain them till the fugitives should be restored. As to Oreo, he was in- formed that he was at liberty to leave the ship whenever he pleased, and to take such methods as he esteemed best calculated to get our two men back; that, if he succeeded, his friends should be released ; if not, that Captain Cook was resolved to carry them away with him. In consequence of this ex- planation of our commander's views and mtentions, Oreo zealously exerted himself to recover the deserters ; for which purpose, he dispatched a canoe to Bolabola, with a mes- sage to Opoony, the sovereign of that island, acquainting him with what had happened, and requesting him to seize the two fugitives, and send them back. The messenger, who was no less a person than the father of Pootoe, Oreo's son-in-law, came, before he set out, to Captain Cook, to receive his commands ; which were, not to return without the runaway s, and to inform Opoony, that if they had left Bolabola, he must dispatch canoes in pur- suit of them, till they should finally be restored. These vigorous measures were, at length, successful. On the 28th the deserters were brought back ; and, as soon as tiiey were on board, the three prisoners wer« feleased. 18C iiFE or While this afiair was in suspense, some of ne natives, from their anxiety on account of the confinement of the chief's relations, had formed a design of a very serious nature ; which was no less than to seize upon the per- sons of Captain Gierke and Captain Cook. With regard to Captain Clerke, they made no secret of speaking of their Sv^heme, the day after it was discovered. But their first and grand plan of operations v/as to lay hold of Captain Cook. It was his custom to bathe, every evening, in fresh water; in doing which he frequently went alone, and always without arms. Ab the inhabitants expected him to go, as usual> on the evitning of the 2Gth, they had determined at that time to make him a prisoner. But he had thought it prudent, after confining Oreo's family, to avoid putting himself in their power ; and had cautioned Captain Clerke, and the officers, not to venture themselves far from the ships. In the course of the after- noon, the chief asked Captain Cook, three several times, if he would not go to the bathing-place ; and when he found, at last, that the captain could not be prevailed upon, he went off, with all his people. He was apprehensive, without doubt, that the design was discovered ; though no suspicion of it was ertertLined by our commander, who imagined that the natives were seized with gome sudden fright^ from which, as usual, they would quickly recover. On one occasion, wmmm CAPTAIN COOK« 189 "^aptain Gierke and Mr. Gore were in parti- cular dauger. A party of the inhabitants, armed with clubs, advanced against them ; and their safety was principally owing to Captain Gierke's walking with a pistol in his hand, which he once fired. It was a happy circumstance that the affair was brought to light ; since such a scheme could not have been carried into effect, without being, in its consequences, productive of much distress and calamity to the natives. Seventeen months had now elapsed since Captain Cook's departure from Eii3:land, and though his time had been most profitably employed during the whole of this interval, lie still was sensible that with rf" r T,,' r' '■ . ° 170 LIFB or CAPTAIKT COOK. his late Majesty, who had been throughout the munificent patron of Captain Cook's ex- pedition, and now considering his widow and children as a legacy left to his country, was pleased to grant the former £200 a year, and to each of the three latter, £25 a year. Besides this, another occasion was afterwards seized of conferring a substantial benefit on the captain's family. The charts and plates belonging to the voyage to the Pacific Ocean, were provided at the expence of Government; the consequence of which was, that a large profit accrued from the sale of the publication* Of this profit, half was consigned, in trust, to Sir Hugh Palliser and Mr. Stephens, to be applied to the use of Mrs. Cook, during her natural life, and afterwards to be divided be* tween her children. >;^ fINtl« ^i^ 'Fil'v • W.^ tT' ; ' T '• ■ f ?'M;ii T^- ■ '^i'™^^'»T^mI- ^'* 8 / #