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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ..v."*- •S"^^ ^ ^\)Z\l2X\^ •♦• • ♦• Qoupty. . ■ ■ r ■ ^ " ■ _ PRODUCTIONS AND TOWNS. 60 ' Si) ABERDEEN, W. T.: Abkedbbn Herald Print. 1888, X . I ilBERDEEN^JBERDEEN. Town Property for Sale BY Samubl Bbnn, Original Proprietor of the Town, Although the youngest, Aberdeen is the largest town on Gray's Harbor, and the principal commercial center of Chehalis County. Persons dfesiring to engage in any manufacturing enterprise will do well to correspond with me before locating elsewhere. Address, SAMUEL BENN, Aberdeen, Wash. Ter. :N. N, vn on rprise ;r. VL iv v^ e^ i> ^^3 \ "\ \ O A *\ i :. ^0 PA c I r I c O C E JlK ( T( waters. It cminol, indeed, he denied, that tlie hoitts constitute, juridically, an append.ii^c of tlie schooner to which they hclong. ronsequently their s] , cottonwood, hardback, ^ . .. , ash, alder and spruce. The upper prairies produce a species of opV that is used extensively by boat builders. For commercial purpo.ses, no belter timber can be found than the fir for ship theout- 1 jiC timber ertainly the m as t'">ugh ce thiseoun- ire. s 'ttled by a nd churches s a new fea- I'e have the dense forest and broad tide prairies bordering the banks of the rivers that empty directly into Gray's Harbor, as well as bordering its shores. From any eminence near the Harbor, as far as the eye can reach, is slope rising above slope, each clad with a growth of timber superior to its fellow at its foot, and all sloping towards some of the many streams that flow into the Wishkah, Hoquiam, Humptulips and John's river. Opening into the Neushkah and John's river country is the north slope of the North river valley, famed for its prime agricultural district; while from the foot of these hills on both sides of Gray's Harbor stretches the far-famed tide flats, dotted with browsing herds of cattle; while such nooks as South bay, Redmond creek and John's river, hiding as it were from the stranger's gaze, are several farms in a high state of cultivation, dairy ranches and log- ging camps. In all of these districts, fruit trees such as apples, pears, plums and cherries prosper, especially when planted on hills facing the westerly sun; strawberries and all small fruits yield abundantly. The next division that claims our attention is Gray's Harbor. As the wealth of empires lodged in Rome, so all the wealth of Chehaiis County lodges in Gray's Harbor. All the rivers and creeks in the county empty into it, either directly or indirectly; all the hills slope towards it, and all the ravines fall towards it. Without question this inlet is the most liberally endowed, materially, with the elements to make it the greatest body of water in the west, between .San PVancisco and Puget Sound. It is superior to Puget .Sound in the.se respects: It is three hundred miles nearer San Frau- cisco. It is nearer the direct route of the Asiatic and Australian trade. It is nearer the center of Western Washington, and it will some day control the shipping interests of Northern Oregon. Any vessels passing into Puget Sound, can pass into Gray's Harbor. It is the natural outlet of a tract of country containing 2600 square miles, rich in timber, mineral, agricultural and grazing lands; 2000 square miles of this lies in the valleys drained by the Chehaiis river and its tributaries. It is true that there is a bar at the entrance of the harbor, but at low tide it carries 20 feet of water, with a well defined line of breakers on each side; there are no shifting bars, and instead of becoming shoal, the bar is now deeper than when surveyed in 18S2. The distance across the mouth of the channel is 700 feet. The average distance acro.ss the bar between the cur\es of 20 feet is 1 500 feet. The width of the inside bar is ?200 feet, with ifX) feet of water. The estimated anchorage area, inside the bar, is 4500 acres, carrying from 30 feet to 50 feet of water at low tide. TOWNS. On the eastern boundary of the county, located on an open prairie, dotted with scrub oak, is the hamlet of Oakville. This serves as a trading "center for a prosperous mining community. The stage carrying the mail between Olympia and Montesano stops to change horses and allow travelers an h ur for dinner at this place. Oakville consists of a general merchan- dise store kept by Fitzgerald Bros. , a post office, blacksmith shop and hotel. CEDARVILLE. Following the course of the Chehaiis river we soon reach the oldest set- tlement in the county. It was here the early settlers found refuge from the savages, within the walls of the blockhouse. This place was settled thirty- five years ago by Mr. James Smith, the present owner. For many years this was the stopping place for the stages, when it was , >■ $ proverbial for its good meals and hospitable features, but lately the cook, a daughter of Mr. Smith, moved to Oakville, to take into training one of the Messrs. Fitzgerald, and the public has followed her. Mr. J. Smith, the pro- prietor of this hamlet, is one of the pioneers of Washington Territory, and unlike many who wait for something to turn up, has succeeded in turning himself up one of the best farms in Western Washington ; everything around his home shows the thorough character of the man. ELMA. The incorporated village of Elma is located in the center of a rich and prosperous community of farmers. It was platted in 1H77, by Joseph I. Young. In 1878, Mr. J. A. Anderson opened a trading post at this point, soon others followed until to-day Elma contains three general stores, one grocery store, one flour mill, two blacksmith shops, one general cabinet shop and one saloon. It has five church organizations and three church buildings and school house. The town is supplied with water by two companies. Prominent among the business men of Elma, not already mentioned, are Mr. William Baker, of the Baker Hotel and Livery Stable. Mr. Baker has long sustained the reputation of running a first-class house and livery. In addition to his hotel business he attends to a large farm. Mr. J. J. Carney, who keeps the postoffice and express, in connection with his general merchandise store, is a wide awake business man, always keeping pace with the demands of his customers. Mr. Carney also has a system of water works, with which a supply of pure fresh water is obtained in the town. The principal physician is Dr. French, who, in addition to his practice, which, by the way is quite extensive, has a drug store and hop ranch, both of which are paying investments. 9 ^ly the cook, a ling one of the Jmith, the pro- I Territory, and ied in turning rything around MONTESANO. of a rich and by Joseph I. at this point, ral stores, one 1 cabinet shop urch buildings mpanies. mentioned, are Mr. Baker has nd livery. In in connection s man, always ney also has a Iter is obtained o his practice, t)p ranch, both Montesano the county seat of Chehalis County is a town of about looo inhabitants. It is finely located at the head of tide water navigation ; beauti- fully situated on a gently sloping hill about one half mile back from the Che- halis river, it is afforded a fine opportunity for drainage and is above any over- flow that may be caused by the river. Mr. S. Williams wus the originator of this town, but it was never regularly platted until in 1881, when Chas. N. Byles platted and recorded the town under the name given it by Mr. Williams viz. Montesano. From the time of its organization to the present, Montesa- no has mantained a healthy, steady growth. Montesano possesses many na- tural advantages not given to the other towns in Chehalis County. Located at the head of tide water navigation, all produce raised in the County, on its way to Gray's Harbor has to be re-shipped here ; all merchandise, coming from San Francisco and Portland, via Gray's Harbor, and all merciiandise that may be sent from the harbor, for distribution through the upper parts of the County, has to be re-handled at this point. Here is the headquarters of the two daily stages that run between Gray's Harbor and Olympia. All passengers going to and from Gray's Harbor overland, have to remain here all night. Here is the principal distributing post office of the county, and two daily steamers connect it with Gray's Harbor. With all of these advan- tages, Montesano must not only hold her place against the other rival towns but keep pace with her most enterprising neighbors. Her educational facili- ties are equal to any in the territory ; the public school is well conducied under an excellent corps of teachers, in a commodious and well appointed building. The Chehalis Valley Academy, under the patronage of the pres- byterian denomination, is also located at this place. Among the present industries at Montesano, are a large salmon factory,. one steam and one waterpower sawmill, one steam furniture factory, and one brick yard. She has the usual complement of merchants and professional and trades men. She has good livery stables and hotels. Her business and professional men are above the average in intelligence, social culture and en- terprise, she has three church organizations and one wide awake editor at the head of a live paper, viz : The Vidette. Among the business men of Montesano, special mention must be made of Mr. H. B. Marcy, who carries the heaviest stock of merchandise, in the city. Mr. Marcy has for many years r atered to the public of Chehalis county, and has steadily grown in popularity with all classes. Three clerks are employed in waiting on customers, or filling orders ; his store is always well stocked with every thing that is needed by farmers, mechanics or soci- ety men ; in fact so closely has Mr. Marcy studied the needs of the public that it is almo.st impossible to call for any thing that he cannot supply you with, Cochran rJros' dealers in stoves, hardware, doors and windows, paints^ farming implements, etc., are two young merchants of more than ordir^ary ability, in their line. They have grown up with Montesano, and b/ close attention to business, courtesy to patrons and punctuality in filling orders. ra 10 have earned the confidence of the public, and as a result, they are each year enlarging their business Among the professional men of prominence, are Mr. Geo. J. Moody, prosecuting attorney for 'the counties of Pacific, Wakiakum and Chehalis. Mr. Moody is a lawyer of experience and carries an extensive practice. Mr. L. B. Bognold, associate of J. W. Robinson, prosecuting attorney for the counties of Thurston, Lewis, Cowlitz and Mason, has an extensive legal practice ; as agent of several mercantile houses of Portland and San Fran- cisco, Mr. Bignold has recomended himself to the confidence of all. Mr. Mason Irwin, a lawyer of this town, has a large and growing prac- tice, acquired by ability, integrity, and clo.se attention to business. Judge T. D. Scofield, a veteran in his profession, has made his home in this place since its beginning. He has an extensive practice in all parts of the county. Among the physicians, Dr. A. K. Bush ranks foremost. This gentle- man has had large experience, and has proved himself to l)e a competent and successful physician. Mr. C. H. Fenner, county surveyor and insur, . ice agent, can always be found at his office, when not e' ^aged in his line in some other part of the county. His business has made him a veritable encyclopedia of informa- tion on Chehalis of)unty. While speakiiig of information on Chehalis county, we must mention the name of Mr. D. H. Mullen, late clerk of the district court. He has an insurance and real estate office at this point, and few men are better posted in land laws and land matters than Mr. Mullen. As a timber cruiser, one that can l)e relied on, Mr J. A. McC.illicuddy cannot be excelled ; he is conversant with lands in all parts of the county. Medcalf Bros., the pioneer dairymen and butchers of Chehalis valley, make their home here These gentlemen do the largest wholesale and retail beef business in the northwest, with the exception it may be of one or two butchers in Seattle. .Stirring, reliable and observant, they are always able to control the situation. C. N. Byles, president of the Montesano bank, has large real estate in- terests in this town as well as in other parts of the county. Mr. Byles was the originator of the town, and has always taken an active part in all matters pertaining to the general welfire of the place. Conservative, he possesses a strong character, which makes him a safe and reliable leader. Mr. H. M. .Sutton, clerk of the district court, has resided in the county for vears ; though lately becoming an incumbent of office, he nevertheless possesses all the ada[)tability, ease and courtesy of one who has trod the turf before. Monte.sano has lately added to her other aciiuisitions a chamber of com- merce ; this will, no doubt, be of great use, not only to her but to the whole county. WYNOOCHIE. This little hamlet, formerly known as Lower Montesano, is situated on the Chehalis river about one and one half miles from Montesano. It was for many years the capital of Chehalis county, but being inconveniently located for travel by land, the county seat was by vote of the people changed to Montesano, 1.S.S6. Since that time Wynoochie has not had her former pros- perity ; she is now however opening a trade with the North river valley which will no doubt bring back to her, her old prosi)erity. There are two church organizations in the town, one school, one blacksmith shop, one I y are each year ieo. J. Moody, and Chehalis. : practice. Mr. ttorney for the extensive legal and San Fran- ; of all. 1 growing prac- iness. de his home in t in all parts of t. This gentle- conijictent and , can always be :her part of the dia of informa- rhehalis county, k of the district It, and few men len. L. Mc( iillicuddy of the county. Chehalis valley, ilesale and retail e of one or two e always able to re real estate in- Mr. Byles was irt in all matters , he possesses a id in the county he nevertheless has trod the turf hotel and one postoffice. one tannery and one public hall, besides a number of dwellings. The population is about 200, COSMOPOLIS. ?he scenes of industrv and mirth, became the home of silence. 1" «75. Mk F^mond These irentlemen n 1S83 changed the mill to a steam P"^^'- niopolis .Mill ana iracung v^umpcuiy. ^ ,,-^^ „ ■.„ -jnrl nt once corn- Messrs Byles and Young, an interest in the town site, •^;^\^^t. ^""^f [-"" cutting cap«,ty 01 «o,«ofee^^^^^^^^^ and Mr W. A. Anderson audi- lo; : „;;L«er n;el;in .hdr'nnrJan lAund any where. The populat.on ,s about 350. , . hamber of com - 3Ut to the whole ), is situated on ano. It was for leniently located )ple changed to ber former pros- rth river valley There are two imith shop, one ia II ABERDEEN. Situated at the mouth of the Chehalis and Wishkah rivers, is the rapidly- growing town of Aberdeen, about fifteen miles from the ocean. It is built on both sides of the Wishkah river, upon a level, bounded by a gently sloping bluff. Mr. Samuel Benn, the pioneer resident and origiral proprietor, settled here thirty-three years ago, using the place as a farm and stock ranch. In June of 1877, a part of the land was secured by a Mr. Hume, of the Wachu- setts Packing Company, for the purpose of erecting a salmon cannery ; and in 1,883 the present townsite, without the late additions, was platted. The town at that time consisted of 45 blocks, laid off into 475 lots, all streets run - ning east and west being 80 feet wide, and all streets running north and south being 60 feet wide ; the plan of the town from the beginning shows both liberality and forethought that must insure success. Realizing the advantages to be gained by inducing capital to interest itself in a new project, and at the same time keep the property out of the hands of speculators, Mr. Benii, in 1884, induced Mr. A. J. West, a promi- nent mill man ol Edmore, Michigan, to purchase a portion of the town site on the east side of the Wishkah, on such terms that a mill was to be erected immediately. So well did Mr. West fulfill his contract that Mr. Benn had little trouble in inducing other capitalists to join in the enterprise. In June, 1884, Mr. J. M. Weatherwax, of Stanton, Mich., a gentleman of large ex- perience in lumber manufacturing and mercantile business, seeing the ad- vantages possessed by Aberdeen as a manufacturing point, entered into a contract with Mr. Benn to buy a portion of the town west of the Wishkah river and fronting the Harbor, on such terms that Mr. Weatherwax soon had underway improvements, in mills and necessary workshops, costing over $100,000. In the following vear, Mr. P. M. Emery and Mr. G. F. Mack, who were joined later by Mr. A. D. Wood, a practical mill man from Michigan, secured a part of the town on the east bank of the Wishkah, and they too soon had a saw mill in course of construction. Later still, in 1887, Mr. C. R. Wilson, of Oregon, secured a part of the town facing the Chehalis on the east side of the Wishkah river, upon which he has erected a saw mill. Each of the gentlemen named have more than fulfilled their obligations to Mr. Benn, and have so far shown such a spirit of earnest, honest enterprise and liberality in everything concerning the town, that its future success is an assured fact. The geographical position of Aberdeen forces her to take her place as the only first-class shipping point between San Francisco and Puget Sound ; while the industry, activity and enterprise shown by her projectors and busi- ness men makes her the asylum lor men seeking homes or employment. As we have already stated. Aberdeen is situated at the conHuence of the Wishkah and Chehalis rivers. This naturally makes her the receptacle for all the wealth coming from sections of country unsurpassed in Washington Territory, in advantages for the stock raiser, lumberman, farmer and miner. ■4 m is the rapidly It is built on fently sloping k rietor, settled ranch. In the Wachu- :annery ; and flatted . The 11 streets run - ng north and inning shows ;al to interest rty out of the /^est, a promi- the town site to be erected ^r. Benn had se. In June, n of large ex- eeing the ad- Mitered into a the Wishkah wax soon had costing over ick, who were ligan, secured too soon had I a part of the ', upon which /e more than uch a spirit of ing the town, e her place as ^uget Sound ; tors and busi- loynient. Huence of the receptacle for 1 Washington er and miner. Lich in timber, unequaled anywhere ; bottom lands, which for fertility can- lot be excelled ; valuable uplands, free from stone or gravel ; mineral re- sources of copper, coal and iron, not yet developed ; the Wishkah river making a feasiole outlet for 120 miles of timber and agricultural land, the Chehalis river much more, and Gray's Harbor bringing to her mills the tim- ber from John's, Humptulips, Hoquiam Elk and Neushkah rivers and South bay, Aberdeen holds tne key to the situation. The varied interests of a rap- idly developing country centers in her. The shipping facilities of Aberdeen are unequalled. In front flows the Chehalis river, with a width of 2200 feet to 3000 feet and with a main chan- nel within from 75 to 200 feet of its shores, 1000 feet wide, carrying in its shallowest parts 30 feet of water at its lowest tides ; this continues for a dis- tance of five miles up and down the stream. The Wishkah river, flowing through'the town, in 250 feet wide, with the depth of 20 feet at low tide. The principal industries of Aberdeen are lumber manufacturing, fishing and cannmg establishments and ship building. There are four lumber mills at this point, the one owned by Mr. J. M. Weatherwax being the most ex- tensive and important. This mill has a cutting capacity of 1 10,000 feet per day; the mill owned by Mr. A. J. West and the firm of Emery, Mack & Wood has each a cutting capacity of 50,000 feet per day, and that of Mr. C. R. Wilson 30,000 feet per day. The pay roll of J. M. Weatherwax is over $400 per day, not including the amounts paid to men working in the woods, and tne other mills have pay rolls in proportion. With the industries of Aberdeen must be mentioned that of Messrs. Wood, Slade and Kellogg ; although they do not own mills t' nselves, they buy the complete cut of two of the mills, supplying them witli logs and shipping facilities. This firm is represented by Mr. O. M. Kellogg, as resident manager. There are three salmon canneries here ; The Wachusetts, Megler & Co., and Mr. Samuel Benn's which turn out yearly about 10,000 casej each, valued at from $5 to $7 per case. A large foundry and machine shop, in course of construction, will be in operation this summer. A bank, wi«;h an extensive correspondence, has recently been established, a large furniture store, several merchandise houses, one large dry goods and clothing store. The firm of Toklas & Kaufman, who are a branch of the firms of Toklas & Kaufman, of Olympia, and hav- ing connection with Toklas & Singerman, of Seattle, with offices in New York and San Francisco, carries the only complete stock of dry goods and clothing in the city. This firm has lately opened their stock in this town, and bids fair to control the business, in their line, on the harbor ; two hotels, several boarding houses and a restaurant, that for neatness and good meals is not excelled in the territory, one jewelry and photographic establishment, the usual complement of notion stores, saloons, etc., are to be found here. The Aberdeen House, under the management of Mr. Wm. Allen, is at present the most conmodious and best kept of the hotels in town. The Sargent House, now in course of construction, is a large three story build- building, with mansard roof ; will be ready for guests on or about July ist. When complete, it will be the best arranged and best appointed hotel in south-western Washington. The educational facilities, next to Montesano, are the best in the county, while her church privileges are the best in south- . western Washington. On account of the number of ships plying between Gray's Harbor and San Francisco and the southern ports of California, Aberdeen is fast becom- ing the principal distributing point for freight, going to all parts of the harbor 14 ! !i except Hoquiam. She has direct steamer communication with I^ortland four times each month, and oftener, if business require it, and every ten days with San Pedro and San Francisco. Her church and store buildings and private residences are of a substan- tial and in some instances even an elegant order of building, ranging in cost from $2,000 to$5,ooo. The benevolent and secret societies are represented by the Odd Fellows, (Aberdeen Lodge No. 35, and Encampment No. 12.) who occupy their own building, the Masons, who occupy a hall donated to them for ten years by Mr. West, 'and the Knights of Labor, who occupy a rented hall. HOQUIAM. Four miles west of Aberdeen is the town of Hoquiam. This place was settled in October, 1859, by Mr. J. A. Karr, who still lives on the old claim, and joining the town. Mr. Karr was accompanied to this place by his brother Henry, who settled on the claim now occupied by Mr. Edward Campliell. Henry soon tired of the place, abandoned the claim and returned east. In 1S60, Mr. Campbell settled on the abandoned claim, and shortly after was joined b\ his brothers, Alexander and Archie, who took claims ad- joining on the east. In 1862, Mr. John James settled on the present site of Hoquiam, and retained j)Ossession until in 1881, he sold his interest to the Hoquiam Mill Company. This company, under the management of Messrs. A. M. .Simpson and Geo. H. Emerson, pushed improvements rapidly, so that before the winter of 18S1, Mr. Emerson had the wharf and lumber sheds built, and the mill work well under way. The advent of the Hoquiam Mill Company, opened up a new era, not only for Hoquiam, but for the whole of (iray's Harbor. Up to this time little was known of this part of the county, but when the new Aladin, Geo. H. Emerson, appeared on the scene, immediately the busy hordes of work- men caused a transformation in surroundings. Previous to this the principal part of the produce raised in the valley had no immediate market, but now they have a demand near at hand tor more than they can raise, at better prices than they were accustomed to receive ; luxuries from San Francisco found a place in their homes, the outside world was heard from, and heard of them and their new enterprises, and capital seeking helds for investment, found its way to Gray's Harbor. The Hoquiam Mill Co. , must be classed with the early settlers, for the reason that they are the pioneer introducers of capital and manufacturing in- terests on Gray's Harbor. Previous to their advant, the long reach of coun- try between the Humptulip river and Montesano had but an occasional set- tler, engaged in stock raismg, where now there are numerous logging camps and open farms. How much this country has been benefitted by the Hoquiam Mill Co., cannot be now estimated. In 1884. this company was consolidated into the North Western Lumbering Co.. with A. M. Simpson, president, Geo. H. Emerson, manager, and John F. .Soule. resident secretary, and in the following April the town was regularly platted and lots placed in the market. From the time of its re-organization to the present, Hoquiam has grown steadily in population and wealth. The principal industry is the man- ufacture of lumber and ship building. The largest and most extensive lumber manufactory of the Harbor is located at this place. In r886 the amount of lumber shipped was 15,000,000 feet, in 1887, 22,000,000 feet, and at the present rate the shipment will be fully 27,000,000 feet in 1888. In addition to the mill are extensive machine with Portland ?very ten days of a substan- an^in^ in cost Odd Fellows, upy their own ten years by ill. This place was the old claim, place by his Mr. Edward and returned n, and shortly ook claims ad- proent site of mterest to the lent of Messrs. Its rapidly, so umber sheds I new era, not p to this time ' Aladin, Geo. Drdes of work- is the principal arket, but now •aise, at better San Francisco om, and heard or investment, 2ttlers, for the nufacturing in- reach of coun- occasional set- logging camps y^the Hoquiam IS consolidated on, president, :retary, and in placed in the Hoquiam has try is the man- the Harbor is vas 15,000,000 ipment will be ?nsive machine I M shops, and a ship yard ; from this ship yard have been turned out during the last year, three large vessels, built expressly for the lumber trade, a steamer and seven scows, while at present the company is preparing to build a large bar tug. There is also at this point a large butchering establishment, used by the company to supply the numerous camps and hamlets on the harbor. The average number of cattle slaughtered, per month being .seventy, not in- cluding sheej) and hogs. The town is well supplied with pure fresh water, conveved in six inch iron pipes, from a spring more than a mile Irom the town. The principal store in the place is the one belonging to the company, and it has the largest stock of general merchandise in western Washington south of Seattle. The company does a large jobbing and retail trade in all parts of the county, having facilities .''or handling and freighting goods, not possessed by any other concern on the Harbor. This town has about 500 inhabitants, has good church and school privi- leges, and her hotels compare favorably with the best on the Harbor. Her people are of the same thrifty go-ahead class, to be met with in all parts of the Harbor. The benevolent orders are represented by the Odd F^ellows. Thi.; town has no lawyer and but one physician. Dr. E. T. Balch, a gentle- man of large and successful experience. Some idea may be gleaned of the amount of the business done in the town, from the fact the North Western Mill Co., alone keeps a pay roll of $400 per day, not including ship carpen- ters. The busine.ss of the company is in charge of Mr. Geo. H. Emerson, as manager, and Mr. John F. Soule in charge of the office. Of Mr. Emer- son, it can truthfully be said that there is no branch of this extensive busi- ness that he does not understand ; be he in the woods, the blacksmith shop, drygoods store, engine room, drafting room or at the big saw, he is master of the situation and yet with all a gentleman of polish and affability. Of Mr. John F. Soule, possibly it is enough to say, that while he at all times keeps the interests of his company paramount, he has a faculty of transacting a vast amount of business without any noise, and those who transact business with him once, always want him again. INDUSTRIES. The industries of Chehalis county, like its resources, are many and varied; the principal ones being those of logging, milling, farming, dairying, and stock raising. As has already been intimated, in the general description of the county, the eastern and middle parts are devoted to the cultivation of farm products, fruit culture, sheep and bee raising. Of farm product most attention is paid to the cultivation of potatoes, onions, turnips, barley, oats and hay. The prices of produce varies with the demand, which is increas- ing every year. During the last and present seasons the price of potatoes ranged from fifty cents to one dollar per bushel; onions two to four cents per pound and hay from fifteen to twenty dollars per ton. It is needless for us to state that there are no failures of crops here; no potato bug or grasshop- per; and this is true of all Western Washington. In fruit raising, apples of the following varieties are most successfully raised: Northern Spy, Baldwin, King of Tompkin's county, and others of that class, being entirely free from blight. The Bartlett pear attains a size and lusciousness here that is incredible, while plums of all varieties, prunes and cherries cannot be excelled, either for flavor or size. Apples, according to season, bring from one dollar to two dollars per box, and plums from four i i 1 I 16 to six cents per pound; pears and cherries are not yet grown in sufficient quantities to give them a stated price in market. ChehaHs county has 'ong been known for its dairy products, and it is an acknowledged fact that the ChehaHs county butter leads the market in quality and price. Bee raising is carried on extensively through the valley, tne price of honey being ten cents per pound for strained and fifteen for comb. Wool is shipped to Portlancl, Oregon, netting the farmer from six- teen to eighteen cents per pound. Milch cows range in price according to breed, from thirty dollars to seventy-five dollars per head. Of small fruits, such as blackberries, raspberries and stawberries, it is enough to say that we often wonder that where these fruits can be raised with such small outlay of labor and expense as they can be in ChehaHs county, why it is that some drying or canning establishment has not been started here before this; it surely would be a paying investment. in the western part of the county, lumbering, milling, stock raising and ship building are the principal industries. Logging commences the first of March and continues during the summer until December, when the large camps close for the winter; during these months enough logs have to be ■driven to the mill to secure their continued operation during the year. As yet there are no long hauls in the woods, the timber being in abundant quantities near the navigable streams, hence there are no logging railroads or other expensive outfits necessary. The usual number of men in a camp is twelve to fifteen, the usual number of oxen used being from four to six yoke. The wages paid in the woods vary from that of forty dollars per month, including board, paid the skid greaser, to one hundred dollars paid the teamster. A peculiarity of the logging camps is worth mentioning; the men are above the average laborer in intelligence and energy, they are all readers, and in nearly every camp you can find graduates from some of our eastern institutions of learning. You can find doctors, lawyers, preachers and fid- dlers in almost any camp in ChehaHs county, consequently we are not sur- prised to see families running the culinary department of many of these camps instead of Chinese or white men cooks. The mills give employment to a large number of families. In the mill are the experts, while on the dock, sorting and piling lumber, are the new men, guided by a lumber expert, and around the vessels are the 'longshore- men, stowing away the cargoes of lumber in the vessels for shipment. In addition to the mills proper, are the numerous train of mechanics, such as machinists, saw filers, blacksmiths, engineers and millwrights, that usually are appendages to large factories. The wages paid in the mills varies accord ing to the position occupied, ranging from fifty dollars per month, paid lum- ber handlers, up to one hundred and twenty-five dollars per month paid to the skilled labor; this does not include board. The amount of money placed in circulation by the mills in manufactur- ing the lumber ready for shipment, not including the outlays for improve- ments and repairs, during the past year is $820,000. This amount of money has not been spent in improving California or any outside State, but remains to enrich ChehaHs county: to this might be added much more expended for labor performed in making improvements and repairs. The majority of the men working in and about the mills are like those spoken of in the logging camps — sober, frugal and industrious, a large number possess their own homes or are making new homes into which they expect soon to move their famiHes. If the old Puget Sound saw mill hand of fifteen or twenty years ago was to pass through one of these mills with its modern improvements rown in sufficient )duct.s, and it is an ds the market in hrough the valley, ed and fifteen for e farmer from six- Drice according to Of small fruits, igh to say that we ch small outlay of hy it is that some ere before this; it stock raising and Tiences the first of r, when the large 1 logs have to be ing the year. As eing in abundant gging railroads or men in a camp is I four to six yoke. )llars per month, dollars paid the ntioning; the men ey are all readers, ne of our eastern Teachers and fid- r we are not sur- of many of these ilies. In the mill iber, are the new e the 'longshore- 3r shipment. In lechanics, such as jhts, that usually ills varies accord month, paid lum- )er month paid to Is in manufactur- ays for improve- imount of money tate, but remains ore expended for e majority of the )f in the logging ossess their own on to move their or twenty years n improvements and cleanly, neatly dressed men, he would surely think the millenium had come. The men working in the mills board where they please, though most of them, not having families, board at the mill mess house; these mess houses are often frequented by travelers in preference to staying at the ordinary boarding houses. SHIP BUILDING. During the past two years this industry has been introduced on Gray's Harbor, and during that time three sailing vessels, aggregating a carrymg capacity of 2,200,000 feet of lumber, have been built expressly for the lumber trade, at the shipyard of the Northwestern Lumber Company at Hoquiam. One small steam tug has been built in the same yard, and they are at work at present upon the hull of a large steam tug, this will be followed by the hull of a large sailing vessel. At Aberdeen, in the yard of Mr. J. M. Weather- wax, have been built two steam vessels, one a stern wheeler, for the river trade, and one a propeller, for the harbor and mill business ; these will soon be followed by a three-masted vessel for the lumber trade. We might as well state right here at this point that all the timber used in the construction of these vessels was procured on Gray's Harbor. The wages paid shipwrights vary from two and one half to three and one half dollars per day, according to skill. This industry is destined, at no very distant day, to be a leading one on Gray's Harbor, as that part of Chehalis county possesses everything, excepting manufactured iron, to build first-class vessels, at a comparatively small expense. TIDE FLATS AND STOCK RAISING. The famouus tide flats of Ciray' s Harbor are so intimately connected with the indu.stry of stock raising, that we wi'l mention them at this part of our description. According to the government estimate of three years ago there were on Gray's Harbor 1,200 head of cattle and less than 400 acres of land under cultivation. These cattle browsed upon the young trees or grazed upon the tide flats during the whole year, having no other shelter in the winter season than that afforded them by the timber; yet with all this neglect on the part of the stock men, the cattle increased in number, and were always ready for the beef market or logging camp. Beef brings from six to eight cents per pound on foot, according to season, and oxen bring from two hundred to three hundred dollars per yoke, when broken ready for use in the woods. On the south side of Gray's Harbor are Elk creek, with 600 acres of tide marsh; John's river, with 2,000 acres; Redmond creek, with 1,000; O' Larry's creek, Neushkah's, Metcalfs and Joe's creeks, with 2,500 acres; on the north side of the Harbor are the Humptulips, with 6,000 acres, the Hoquiam, with 8,000 acres; the Wishkah, with 7,000 acres; Fry's creek, with 1,000 acres. Add to this 20,000 acres of spruce tide marsh on the banks of the Chehalis river and we have the grand total of 48,600 acres of tide marsh; this is 5,400 acres less than the government report. On these marshes cattle find sustenance during the whole year, with a very few excep- tionally cold winters. The grass on these marshes is of a heating quality, hence while it is excellent for its fattening qualities, it is not as good as the tame grasses as a milk producer. Comparatively little is known of the vege- table and cereal producmg qualities of these marshes, as only a small portion has been reclaimed. Wherever the farmer has taken the trouble to dike the fimegm W) I f m 18 land, so as to drain it and keep the winter tides from overflowing it, he ha» been rewarded with abundant crops and an acreage that is inexhaustible in its wearing properties. Competent engineers who are acquainted with the tides of the Pacific Coast and are also actjuainted with the cost of diking, estimate that the cost of diking the marshes of Gray's Harbor would be about half that of diking the Skagit and Swinomish flats on Puget Sound, and yet tho.se flats are to-day the richest parts of Western Washington's agricultural region. The tide marshes on the ocean coast of Chehalis county, north of Gray' a Harbor, amount to about 20,000 acres. They are mainly on the Quilleute and Quinnault rivers, and are mostly located in the Indian res€;rvations ; none of the.se lands have been brought under cultivation. INDIAN RESERVATIONS AND INDIANS. Properly speaking there is but one one Indian reservation in this c< nty^ viz: the Quiniault; though a namber of Indians are kept upon a resc , on the eastern border of the county, this, however, is under the control the agency on Hood's Canal. Twenty years ago there were 1,500 Indians in the county, to-day there are le.ss than three hundred. Like all the Indian* in the Puget Sound basins, they are a shiftless, lazy, incapable class of beings. Not being easily reached through educational influences, they are no further ahead in civilized pursuits than they were when first visited by white men, with this exception: they are not cannibals now. The Indians between Shoalwater bay and Quiniault seem to have belonged to one family, though bearing the name of the river on whose banks they might have had their headquarters. Numerous feuds between these Indians and the Indians on the Black river, in the eastern part of the county, have resulted in diminish- ing the numbers of both materially, and vicious habits have completed the work. FISHERIES. The fishing industry of Chehalis county though not as extensive as they are destined to be in the near future, are, nevertheless, the means of employ- ing a large number of boats every fishing season. All of these boats carry- two men each, who either own their own boat and fishing gear or are sup- plied with these necessaries by the proprietors of the canneries. According" to the abundance of fish each season, the price per fish (salmon) varies from fifty cents to seventy ceYits per fish during the first run of salmon, the variety known as the Oncorhyncus, or hook jaw ; the same price prevails during the second run, the variety known as the Oncorhynchus quinnat, or silver .sal- mon; at the third run, that of the variety known among fishermen as the steel head (very much like the oncorhynchus nerka of the Puget Sound watersj, the price given is less. From the price given for fish, and when it is estimated that the four canneries on Ciray's Harbor and the Lower Che- halis shipped, on average, of 10,000 cases each, and each case containing- four dozen cans, we can see at a glance that considerable money is expended in this branch of the fishing industry. Most of the money earned during the fishing season, by the fishermen, is expended in the towns of Gray's Harbor, principally at Aberdeen. The next part of the fishing industry that claims our attention is the canning establishments, each of which employ from fifty to one hundred men, in making cans, cleaning, cutting, canning and weighing the fish, from these it passes into the hands of the solderer, boiler, tester, lacquerer, labeler 10 owing it, he has inexhaustible in .minted with the cost of diking, iarbnr would be n Puget Sound, n Washington'* north of Gray's in the Quilleute servations; none in in this c( nty^ )on a reset •, on he control the 1,500 Indians in :e all the Indian* le class of beings, ey are no further d by white men, Indians between e family, though ; have had their d the Indians on Ited in diniinish- :e completed the 4 extensive as they neans of employ- hese boats carry- gear or are sup- -ies. According non) varies from mon, the variety avails during the at, or silver sal- fishermen as the le Puget Sound fish, and when it the Lower Che- case containing iney is expended y earned during towns of Gray's attention is the to one hundred g the fish, from acquerer, labeler I and boxer, when after being branded, the cases are ready for shipment. The shipping of the products of the.se canneries is an important item, making neces.sary several extra trips for the regular steamers that ply between (iray's Harbor and Portland, Oregon. The boxes u.sed by these canneries has made it an object for one of the Aberdeen saw mills to add to its machinery a regular box saw. IVevious to last season most of the boxes came from Oregon, but in the future there can be no reason why everything, including even the machinery used in running the canneries, cannot be bought or manufactured on the Harbor. Another mode of fishing, besides the boat and seine, is the method known as the trap. These are of two kinds. The first being a number of piles driven over a large extent of ground, upon these piles nets are sus- pended so as to catch the fish when passing up or down tne river; when the tide is out the fisherman goes to his trap and takes the fish out of the net. The second method requires piling, but the ground covered is smaller in extent. The trap is so formed that fish swimming against the current p.iss through the door of the trap into the interior, where they are found when the tide falls, f" iher of these two methods do not entail any night labor or require the can of the gill net fi.shing, but it requires more of an outlay of capital in the beg! ining. I'ROHAni.K INDI'STRIES. Among the probaiile industries of this county, we will mention that of halibut fi.shing, ofi* the mouth of Gray's Harbor. There are no finer fish in the world than the halibut of the North Pacific It may be salted and dried, or shipped to the nearest market fresh, where it always commands the highest price. The day is certainly not far distant when this valuable food fish will be canned and shipped like the salmon are at present. Next to that of the halibut fishing, we will mention that of the various species ofthe rock cod. These fish, though not profitable for canning, would certainly make a splendid commodity for the dried and salt fish market. The canning of clams next claims our attention. With the abundance of clams that are found in all parts of Gray's Harbor, it is really a wonder that this industry has not ber .1 started before this time. The different varie- ties of clams found here are all of them such as would make the investment a paying one, being large, tender and sweet. The following varieties are be.st lor this purpose: the cohog, a large scalloped, round shell; the razor, a clam about one inch wide and six inches long, of a delicate texture, the flesh being very sweet; the New York clam, a species introduced into the waters of Shoalwater bay and Gray's Harbor by Mr. (ieorge H. Emerson, in 1883. The New York clam, or as it is more commonly known as the Boston clam, is not .so large as the cohog, the general characteristics bein^ the same, the flesh being ol a finer texture and sweeter. The numerous shoals of herring that enter Gray's Harbor must, in the near future, call the attention of the manufacturer of dried herring, herring oil and guano to this point. For the purpose of .skid greasing and the coarser oils, no better can be had than herring oil. The dog fish and black fish, as oil producers for finer g ades of lubricating oils, cannot be over- looked. All of these are in abundant quantities in the waters of Gray^s Harbor and outside the bar. ■rK.\ppiN(;. Trapping and dealing in furs is carried on to a more or less extent in and around (iray's Harbor. The principal animals sought for being the m '^iRirv"" >l I 1, fm ■ i 20 black bear (ursus Americanus), cougar (feliz concolor), fisher (mustela pen- nantii), mink (putorius vison), pine marten (mustela Americana), beaver (castor canadeucs), sea otter (euhydra marni); several smaller animals also valuable for their fur are found here. The manner of catching the sea otter is worthy of description, as it is different from the usual mode of trapping or capturing game. The feeding ground ot the sea otter is along the sea coast outside Gray's Harbor. The sea otter hunter erects a tall scaffold, from fifty to seventy-five feet high, on the beach; on the top of this scaffold is a small platform, and on this the hunter takes his watch, keeping a continuous lookout at the crest of each swell as it rolls landward, for the expected victim ; this watch may continue for days before an otter is seen, when, however, an otter makes his appear- ance by putting his head above the water, the rifle crack is heard, and incredible as it may seem, it is very seldom that the hunter misses his mark; the shooting, however, does not end the suspense, as the hunter has to wait and watch on the beach until the otter is washed on shore. The pelt of the otter will bring the hunter from seventy dollars to one hundred and twenty- five dollars, according to quality and color. Among the probable industries of Chehalis county carried on at pres- ent on a small scale, is that of brick- making; but one yard at present, is at Montesano, doing anything like an extensive business, consequently a great many brick come to Ciray's Harbor from San Francisco and Portland. At the present time preparations are being made, on a somewhat extensive scale, to manufacture brick, near Hoquiam, for the Northwestern Lumber Company. There is a large supply of gpod clay for that purpose at several points on Gray's Harbor. The consumers of brick have to pay from ten dollars to thir- teen dollars per thousand for brick, when with the abundance of material at hand, they ought to be had for eight dollars per thousand. Next probable industry is that of an oil refinery. A large supply of number one oil has been discovered issuing from the ground in the eastern part of the county, this oil has been tested by experts from Pennsylvania, who have pronounced it first class. PROBABLE INDUSTRIES. In connection with the oil refining, will no doubt, be the industry of coal mining. A good quality of coal is reported to be found on the North river, and several specimens of coal have been brought from the upper Wish- kah. The nature of the formation of the bluff land of Chehalis county shows that coal must exist in abundance there. Sand stone, soap stone, clay and blue clay is found on all the rivers. The fact that Chehalis county has not been more thoroughly prospected for minerals is not strange, when we con sider that Gray's Harbor, though marked upon the map, was an unknown spot to the capitalist and seeker for homes until four years ago. A good Quality of mottled marble and blue slate is found in the range of hills in the northwestern part of the county ; and as soon as roads penetrate these hills, for the purpose of transporting the tiniDv r, from that region to the Harbor, these valuable stones will be introduced in building. With a prospect of a railroad connecting this country with the Northern Pacific system, there is no reason why various small factories for making buckets, tubs, broom handles, doors, windows, etc., should not be estab- lished in the vicinity of (tray's Harbor, where the various kinds of timber for that purpose can be had for the taking of it. The building of small boats for use on the harbors of Southern Califor- 21 ler (mustela peii- lericana), beaver iller animals also iscription, as it is le. The feeding 's Harbor. The five feet high, on and on this the the crest of each tch may continue lakes his appear- :k is heard, and misses his mark; mnter has to wait The pelt of the dred and twenty- rried on at pres- d at present, is at isequently a great nd Portland. At at extensive scale, ,umber Company, several points on en dollars to thir- nce of material at large supply of md in the eastern m Pennsylvania, the industry of nd on the North the upper Wish- alis county shows stone, clay and s county has not ^e, when we con- was an unknown s ago. A good ge of hills in the etrate these hills, I to the Harbor, ith the Northern )ries for making d not be estab- kinds of timber Southern Califor- nia promises to open a new field of labor for mechanics of that class. As has already been stated, the timber required for such p, rposes is easily procured ; the frames being all natural crooks, the timber not being "brash," but springy and tough ; with the exception of the sha/p turns of large boats the timber does not need steaming before being used in their construction. The establishment of a first-class foundry, boiler c.nd machine shop, is not only one of the needs of Gray's Harbor, but is a necessity that promises during the coming summer to be supplied. Already a building is under construction fo'- that purpose. At present all boiler and foundry work has to be done in f ortland and San Francisco. This, of course, works a hardship on the m iuufacturing interests. During the past year several boilers were purchased outside that would have been bought from a local shop had there been one here. This industry, however, as already stated, will soon be an established fact, as a gentleman from the east, named Miner, is preparing to move machinery and foundry apparatus to Aberdeen with the intention of engaging in that business. Mr. Miner is a practical foundryman and engine builder, and will no doubt make a success of this industry. RATES OF WAGES. As will be seen by the following tables, any man wishing to save a part of his wages for the purpose of investment or making a home, can do so without any special effort on his part, so far as cutting down the quantity or quality of the necessities of life is concerned. The average rate of wages paid at present are as follows : 'Longshoremen '. ...$3 00 Bricklayers 5 00 House painters 2 50 Carpenters 3 00 Machinists, per day $3 00 to $4 00 Blacksmiths 4 00 General laborers 2 00 Farm laborers (board included^ 1 25 Mill hands, per month $50toi^i25 LABOR IN H'MHER CAMPS. P'oreman per mo. with board 100 to 150 Teamsters 1 00 to 1 25 Choppers 75 to 85 Skidders and swampers 50 to 65 Hook tender 65 to 85 Sawyers 65 to 90 Cooks 50 to 65 It cm readily be seen by the foreijoing table that the wage- worker re- ceives fully fifty per cent mori- for his labor here than he receives for the same amount of skill in the Middle States. The above schedule is, if any- thing placed at a low figure. By comparing the cost of living with that of the Middle States it will easily be seen that the balance is in favor of Chehalis county. Flour is cheaper here than in the :.st ; sugar, tea and cofitee are the same. Wrolen good, if anything, are cheaper here, cotton goods almost as cheap. New York and Chicago "traveling men" are competing with San I •** fl Francisco merchants for the Pacific Coast trade ; of this competition Che- halis county is getting her share. Cheap underwear and leather goods are the same price as they are sold in the eastern retail trade. Canned goods, such as fruit and fish, are cheaper here than they are in the Middle States. Rents are no higher ; and all classes of building materials, as is usual in the construction of Western homes, is much cheaper here than in the Middle States. Lumber, common, brings from $8 to $10 per looo ; ceiling, flooring and finish from $18 to $20 per 1000 feet. Here we see at once that what is paid for the poorest quality of lumber in the middle states is paid for the very best here ; hence it is much easier for the wage worker to build himself a home here than it would be in the east, and there is no reason why the far- mer, mechanic and laborer ot Chehalis county, with the same care as they were in the habit of exercising in their eastern homes, should not in a lew years be possessed of comfortable homes, and in old age be comparatively independent. Capital loaned brings 12 per cent, per annum ; capital invested in build- ing brings 36 per cent, per annum, out of the latter must of course be de- ducted taxes and insurance. The mechanic and laborer of this country dresses better and lives better than his brother in the C3st ; this naturally gives him the manly spirit that should belong to his class, and this accounts for the fact that he who in the east prepares himself for some one of the pro- fessions, when he arrives here and sees the difference in social position held by the laborer, has no compunction in putting his hand at once to the axe, saw or plow. Between Peterson's point, at the entrance to Gray's Harbor, and North Cove, for a distance of several n^les is a low, narshy bottom, capable of pro- ducing thousand of bushels of cranberries annually. The cranberries brought from that region are of a very fair quality bringing in the market from fifty to sixty cents per gallon. With proper cultivation and care there is no rea- son why this should not become one of the leading agricultural products of the county. In the upper regions of the several riversvof Chehalis county is a species of fir that in appearance is very much like sugar pine ; this timber splits easily and makes excellent stave bolts. These stave bolts find a ready mar- ket in San Francisco at a good figure, and with the opportunities afforded to send them to market, on any of the numerous lumber laden vessels which leave Gray's Harbor, it is a wonder that this industry is not engaged in more extensively than it is at present. A peculiarity of the timber spoken of is that it is not pungent or pithy. PLEASURE RESORTS. The ocean beach, in all countries where it is accessible to the seeker after pleasure and health, is alw.iys of' alue to the country immediately join- ing it. Chehalis county possesses several resorts, on the ocean beach and Gray's Harbor, where the merchant or professional man, wearied with the cares and anxieties that attend these pursuits, may find rest and regain his former sp'its and health. The principal resorts being Brovn's Point, better known as Damon's Point on the north side of the entrance to Gray's Harbor. The great ad- vantage of this resort is that it fronts both on the ocean and the Harbor ; tents can be pitched on the inside or sheltered part of the point, where bath- ing is .safe, and at any time preferreil, from which the ocean beach can be 23 npetition Che- ther goods are Canned goods, Middle States, is usual in the in the Middle iling, flooring ice that what is lid for the very build himself a Dn why the far- e care as they d not in a few comparatively vested in build - course be de- of this country this naturally d this accounts one of the pro- al position held nee to the axe, bor, and North capable of pro- berries brought irket from fifty there is no rea- Liral products of inty is a species is timber splits id a ready mar- inities afforcled n vessels which igaged in more ?r spoken of is ? to the seeker mediately join - ean beach and earied with the and regain his fn as Damon's The great ad- d the Harbor ; It, where bath- bcach can be reached in less than fifteen minutes. The drive on the beach for many miles is superb. Near the southwest corner of the county, within three miles of the boun- dary line, is the little hamlet of North Cove. Situated in a delightful grove of small trees it is completely sheltered from the ocean winds ; though not as pleasant a bay in .some respects as the waters which surround the inside of Damon's Point, it is nevertheless in many respects preferable to any other f)art of this section of the ocean beach. A drive of three miles through de- ightful woods, broken in places by farm houses, will bring you from the ocean beach, when coming from Gray's Harbor, to the resort at North Cove. At this point, if you do not wish t( swing your hammock under a tree or live in a tent, you can either live in the hotel or rent a cottage. Convey- ances are always to be had at reasonable rates, and fresh farm produce is at- tainable from any of the surrounding farms. At this point is established one of the U. S. life saving stations, and the daily practice of the crew is one of the summer attractions. Large companies of pleasure seekers find their way to these resorts yearly. Those out for the day choosing Damon's Point, and those intending to remain a month or less choosing North Cove. These places are not only sought by the local inhabitants of the county, but by per- sons from Puget Sound and Oregon. • CONCLUSION. In closing up this article on Chehalis county, we wish to state that our object has been two-fold. First, to publish these resources and thus en- lighten the outside public as to what our advantages are ; second, to enable capital, seeking investment, to find a secure and reliable source of revenue ; and to enable the wage worker seeking for a home to find just such a place as will suit him. In conclusion, we will say that while Chehalis county has many advantages for a frugal, industrious person, it has no attractions for the shiftless or lazy man. \ SOUTH BAY. South Bay, or the south arm of Gray's Harbor, covers an area at full tide of about ten square miles, and is navigable for deep water vessels for a distance of three miles from the entrance, there being no less than twenty-two feet of water at the lowest tide, and for light draught vessels one mile further. It is conceded by the most experienced sea captains to be the finest channel of any harbor on the coast, it being perfectly free from any bars or shoals from the head of navigation to the ocean. It is absolutely land locked, and any vessel entering South Bay can ride at anchor in perfect safety in the worst gale that ever swept the deck of old ocean. There is only one stream of any importance that enters South Bay, and that is Elk river, which enters at the head of the Bay. It is noted for its fine trout and large spruce timber. Coal is claimed to have been found in its banks some four miles up by some hunters, but nothing authentic is known as yet. Next to the water, and extending back to the upland or timber line and along some of the small streams, lie ojr famous tide prairies. These lands vary in length from two rods to two miles, and are covered by a very nutri- 24 tious grass which grows fully 300 days in the year, and furnishes abundant feed for stock the year round. The extreme high winter tides (new and full moon) cover this ground from two to four hours each day and to a depth of from six inches to two feet, thereby salting the grass all that is needed for stock, and leaving a sediment each time that adds richnesss to the soil. The soil is of an alluvial nature and is pronounced by experts to be the richest land in the known world, and when diked will and does produce wonderful results, five tons of hay and fifty tons of beets to the acre being no uncom- mon yield on this land when diked. There is about 16,000 acres of this tide land around South Bay, and about 5,000 of it could be profitably diked. There is as yet only sixty acres under dike, and not over ten of that in culti- vation for the reason that the land pays good dividends for stock, and the vegetable farmers are very scarce. There is no better opening anywhere and no more profitable investment than vegetable farming, and right here on South Bay fifty good vegetable farmers can get all the land they want in tracts of from 100 to 300 acres, dike and divide up to suit them, and the best market in the world. The mills on Gray's Harbor ship from California and Oregon hundreds of tons of produce which ought to be raised here. The land is now cheap, already cleared, and with ten acres of diked land and a good sail boat a man can soon have all the luxuries of life and lay up a snug sum for old age. Next to and back of these tide lands comes the great timber forests so noted throughout the world, while the north side of the Harbor furnishes the best fir in the world. We on South Bay have the finest spruce, cedar and hemlock on earth, and together Gray's Harbor can lurnish a variety ol timber that can please the taste of any lumber manufacturer, no matter how fastidious. We are to-day sending out millions of feet of sawed lumber and yet shipping in shingles with a world of fine cedar at our doors. As yet there is but one mill on South Bay ; it is a fine one, but only has a capacity of 50,000 per day. Col. Laidlaw has a fine mill site and will, no doubt, in- crease the size of his mill. There are several fine mill sites that would be donated to the right parties. Anyone who means business wishing to en- gage in manufacturing anything out of wood, from a toothpick to a four masted ship, will find South Bay the place, no matter how large or small a scale. Mineral has never been looked for to any extent. Gold has been found in small quantities along the bed and banks of the small streams entering the head of South Bay, but has never been thoroughly prospected; it is also found in the sand near the entrance, but as yet don't pay to work. There are fine banks of potter's clay, also a .species of mineral j)aint at Paine's point, near the head of navigation, which would afibrd a fine opening for anyone engaged in that line ol busine.ss. For fish we have, like the balance of the Harbor, salmon, sturgeon, trout, pogies, cod and dozens of smaller sorts, also millions of sardines, and with our soft shell crabs and four kinds of fine clams a man, no matter how poor, need not starve. For game we have bear, elk, deer, millions of geese, ducks and pheasants. Our woods are full of berries from May till Decem- ber, and the most healthful and the most comfortable climate on earth all the year round, and with a gentle salt sea breeze from old ocean everybody on South Bay feels well all the time, consequently is happy. There are • . towns in South Bay, but Gray's Harbor is all new yet; it is off from the :>eneral line of travel and labors uniler many disadvantages. Sh( wh res Sar hur me ent wh on A Soi :' t '25 She has no town company or railroad to advertise and boom her, but those who come, stay, and we are getting to be known to the outside world. Our resources are aavertising themselves. We have the best harbor between San Francisco and Puget Sound; with this advantage we are: 1st. Three hundred miles nearer the world's markets than Tacoma by water, which means a distance of 600 miles saved when a vessel can unload here. 2d. In entering the Sound a vessel has to be towed 200 miles in and 200 miles out, which means an expense of $1,000, while here, with a city on South Bay, only three miles of towage is necessary, and a week's time saved to a vessel. A railroad of fifty-six miles, from the Northern Pacific to deep water on South Bay, will tell the story, and build up a city here second to none on the coast. The time is approaching when this will be done, so now is the time to come here and get a foothold. Land is cheap ; resources are abund- ant, and anyone settling here with plenty of nerve to stay with it cannot help but succeed. . R. L. A. LEWIS B. BIGNOLD, Insurance, Abstracts and Collections, Notary Public, MoNTESANO, Wash. Teb. JOSEPH W. ROBINSON, Prosecuting Attorney for the Counties of Thurston, Mason, Lewis and Cowlitz, Olympia, Wash. Teb. BiGNOLD & ROBIESOi?. r how geese, >ecem- all the idy on yet; it tages. MONTESANO, Chehalis County, Washington Ter. 26 MEDCALF BROS. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in FRESH #' CURED MEATS OF ^LL iciisriDe. MONTESANO, WASHINGTON TER. SI. nyc. STJTTOTsr, CLERK OF THE DISTRICT COURT. h' r* I CONVEYANCING, And all kinds of business before the U. S. Land Office Promptly attended to. 'r\ MONTESANO, WASHINGTON TER. G, G, CASE, E. L KOEHLER, mljraeur, Wall Pap KKN, W. '1'. 1 er ABKRDK A Fine Stock of Watches, Jewelry. ETC.. ETC. Constantly on hand at the Lowest Eastern Prices. H. H. CASK, Manager, 220 & 221 I Street. E L KOEHLER, ABKHDKKN, W. T. Fruits, Nuts CONFECTIONERY, TOBACCO and CIGARS, STATIONERY, ETC. B. E. HAHTIN, GENEKAL Blacliitli I WaiODinaler Also Dealer in AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMEHTS, Wagons, Buhgiks, Etc. ELMA, Wash. Ter. PAIHTS. OILS. VARNISHES, ' ■ Etc., Etc. And SPORTING GOODS. ABERDEEN, W. T. E. P. FRENCH, M. D. Physician and Surgeon, ELMA, w. T. Proprietor Elnia Drug Store. S. K. SLAUK & CO. O. M. KELLOGG, 18 Market Street, Abbrdrrn SAN Francisco. S. E. SLADE & GO. Wholesale Dealers in Lumber, Latli and Shiniles, ABERDEEN AND SAN FRANCISCO. CARGOES cur TO ORDER. d8 J. M. WEATHERWAX, MANUFACTURER OF PINE, SPRUCE AND CEDAR LUMBER ANNUAL OUTPUT, T\VENTY-FIVE MILLIONS CARGOES CUT TO ORDER. ALSO DEALF,RS IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE, Groceries, Dry Goods, Hardware, Boots and Shoes, Tinware, Paints and Oils, J. M. WEATHERWAX, ABERDEEN, WASHINGTON TER. C. i 29 6E0. J. M00DY, Qittozvmu at* Savu, District Attorney for the Counties of Chehalia, Pacific and Wakiak«ni. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW. COLLECTIONS PROMPTLY MADE. MONTESANO, W. T. MONTESANO, W. T. Office in Byles' Block. I. W. CASE. Astoria. C. N. nVLES, Montesano. C. N. BYLES & CO, MONTESANO, - WASH TEB. Drafts Sold and Collections Made on all accessible points. Agents for Leading Steamship Lines to European Ports. THE IE oit% ELM A, W. T. First-class accominodations for Mail and Beast. Anderson & Coombs, DEALERS IN ELMA, W. T. Country Produce Bought and Sold. JOHN J. CARNEY, ' . ELMA, W. T. DEALER IN Postmaster and Agent for Northwestern Express. 30 ABERDEEN HOUSE WM. ALLEN, Proprietor. ABERDEEN, CHEHALIS CO., WASHINGTON TFR. This popular Hotel has just been enlarged, newly furnished and fitted up throughout. The traveling public will find here THE BEST ACCOMMODATIONS To be had on Cray's Harbor. Pleasantly situated at the foot of Heron Street, and convenient to public dock and STE AMBOi^T LA.ISrDING. RATES: From $1.50 to $2.50 per day; Single Lodging from 25 to 75c. according to rooms. Special rates to regular boarders an application at the office. Table furnished with the best the market affords. S: m 75C- THE ABERDEEN, W. T. By all odds the Finest Hotel Building west of Taconna. Will be open to the Traveling Public about July ist, 1888. This Hotel is situated in the south part of town, convenient to the Weatherwax Dock, fronting on Gray's Harbor, and is Ski'd =Fini0l\ed & ^^ewly J^^iii'ni^hed FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. Mr. Sargent is an old hotel man in this country, thoroughly competent to judge of the needs of his guests, and to look out for their comfort. Rates will be as low as is consistent with FIRST CLASS ACCOMMODATIONS. Call and See Us. SARGENT & MINARD, PRORIETORS. 32 ^i)%t#%#i^ Si^m^ OK C. T. V/OODING & Co. ABERDEEN, WASH. TER. Collections made on all accessible points. Agents forjfirst- class Insurance Companies. LEWIS & DRYDEN'S Railway Guide, A Complete Index to the Transportation System of the Northwest. PUBLISHED HY The lewis S DRYDEN PRINTING CO. Oregonian Building, PORTLAND. OREGON. , at w^ ^ H. B. MARCY, NlONTEvSANO, Wash. Ter. I>HALKK IN Dry Goods, Clothing, Hardware, Glass, Nails, Putty, etc. The Oldest Mercantile Establisliiiient, and Largest Stock of Goods in Montesano. Prices as Low as is consistent with first-class goods. ARB VOU GOING EAST OR WEST? If so, be sure and ask Ticket Agent for tickets over the It is composed of CHICAGO, ST. PAUL, MINN, and OMAHA and CHICAGO and NORTHWESTERN RAILWAYS. It is positively the shortest and finest line to Chicago and all points East and South, and the only throngh Car Line to Council Bluffs and all Missouri River points. They run the finest Vestibuled trains in existence. ^ Their Rock Ballasted Steel Track, magnificent Dining and Sleeping Cars, splendid Train Service and their motto: "Always on time," have made the Northwestern a national reputation. Be sure and take this Great Highway when you travel and enjoy luxury on the rail. W. H. Mkad, Genl. Agent, Pa.-sV Dept. T W TEASDALE, No. 4 Washington Street, G P. Agent, PORTLAND, ORE. St. Paul, Minn. 35 ■ ABKRDEKN, Chehalis County, Washington Territory. Views of all the popular subjects of the Pacific Northwest. Views of Schooners, laden with lumber, being towed by tugs out of the harbor. Moonlight views of Aberdeen, showing the city, harbor, rivers, and entrance to the ocean 15 miles dis- tant. Views of logging camps. Views of the largest and thickest timber. Views of ranches and pre-emption claims. Views of the ocean beach, where each particle of spray is caught by the instantaneous process. A .V jne sending $5.00 will receive six 8x10 views, showing volumes of this country's wealth. Address, ., T. W. TOLLMAN, Box 21, Aberdeen, Wash. Ter. i 36 Ttie WeiQPaciliG tailioail. THE DINING GAR ROUTE BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE PAGIFIG COAST. SLEIIPING CARS. — This rompany riiii« tlie Pullman Palace Drawing Room Sleep- ing Cars, of the latest airl most improved pattern, between St. Paul and Portland and Taconia. DINING CARS. — ^The celebrated Dining Cars owned ami managed by this company in the interest of its patrons, are run on all through trains. Meals in these cars are only 75 cents. THROUGH SECOND-CLASS PASSENGERS are c^rried in Colonist sleeping car the entire distance butweeu 8t. Paul and Portland, or lacomaoii daily Express trains. The time between St. Paul and Portland, or Taeoma is less than ."> days. Second-class pas- sengers can get meals at the regidar "Eating Stations " along tlie line, or tliey can carry cooked provisions with them, and buy tea or coffee at the eating house, and eat on the train ; or they can procure articles of food from the dining car at low vates without i,kavin(; the TRAIN. STOP-OVER CHECKS SECOND-CLASS TICKETS.- In order that holders of through .second-class tickets, reading via St. Paul, Minncapnlis or Dnlutli tr, Portland, Ore., Taconia, W. T., or any point on the Pacific Coast, may have an opportunity to ex- amine the lands offered for sale, a stop-over for ten days will be allowed at Spokane Kails, or any point west thereof in Eastern Washiiigton Ifrritory; also at all points in Oregon, on the line of the O. K. & N. Co., to wliich stoond-clas.s rates nre (pioted, and at points on the Pacific or Cascade Divisions of the Northern Pacifii li. 11. between Portland an p'^ ■ . *■ s ■ , ■If. ' fa it i^mx IT. l*. IrMtnK^ ^ tnt, . iL i. t.. ■*-*- 'ft*