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BARNETT ' TEXT-BOOK COLLECTION GrtJaF il tTV»a A r> rmTr, ,«i«;?1*^T:^ ■ "■^^ I. d re u it r \\ 4 t 9 i University of Western Ontario LIBRARY LONDON . CANADA Class ..Cr.VOO.V.....^l^... i-'.'i • ■» ■„ I^^hb I % mm-"": 1 re [ 6 I J if I :ji^' --■«• V^2^ \, - "'^. •*%: '.? a ED G R A P ^f*t ton, CHILDREN, /■ ajK * J J- A PERFECTLY EASY VhMll ADAPTED FOR THB it BY JOHN OUf, AUTHOR mw ^ ' 'r " r/l« Analytical SpelUrnXMim^. The £muUm Primer," ^*T%e Zmutm i "Idndley Mumti/ 5im|»MM,or Ch^ammarf^iheJumtCkumif' '\^'p Sim^one tp Qrtinmm^fQiaid^ -\> ;%,^ /^ Moiher^M oidn CatecUm$r^ s^ « THIRTY-FIRSt ^DITIOII. ":» '' -i , LONDON: . TIfOMiiS ALLMAN, 42, HOLBORN HIWU /'/. -'T*. ■i'..S*s*^«:^,iSi^ '^^^^^.■•■' T n s^^ » PREFACE. ■M It will be seen, from a di^t intpeetioii, that the following little work ii purely what it pretenda to be— an easy comjpilation, adapted for the uae of tiie junior dasses in ichoelB; and, that it it not intended as a substitnte for any of the larger worka commonly needy but aa an introdvetion to them. The compiler haa^ had very conaiderable expe- rience in the inatmction of yonthi and with reapect to Qeography, haa often felt the want of an eaay introdactory work, on the interroffati?e mtem» that might be pnt into the handa of a pupil at an early age. A number of little worka, in the ca- techetical form, have, from time to time, made their appearance; but howeyer Valuable the infor- mation contained in them might be, atill ereif teacher will admit, that they are not in the tM|| calculated to pave the way^the larger and moire di£Bicult works, on the interrogatiye plan. To supply what he conceiyea to be a deaideratum, ia the intention of the compiler ; how far he htm aucceeded, it is for the public to determine i but he flatters himself, that if a fair trial be giyen ta these outlines, they will be found calculated not only to lessen the labours of the teacher, but also to prepare the pupil for entering upon the laiger works with ease and pleasure to himself. To those Ladies and Gentlemen who may honour the compiler by introducing this epitome into their establishments, he would respectfrilly aug*^ gest, that it will be uaed to the moat adyantaga by the pupil's committing it tomemory, :.-.ie- I tdvanced a few pages, commencing with the exer- cites on the ilate. Uung this method* an inde- lible impmiion will be made on the juYenile mind, andi|r will also lead to a material improvement in s^^mg. ;,*. On Mferrine to the qnestions, it will be seAi that this work la equally suited to be used in dasses, in the catechetical fonui should that plaa be preferred. When used in this manner, it gi?es the teacher an opportunitr of communicimng viva voee, much other yaluable information on the subject. m Ladies* seminaries, it frequently occurs mat the time of a young lady*8 continuance at school is yery limited i under such circumstances, this little treatise will be found useful ; and, indeed if a young lady be well grounded in it, she will have no occasion to blush, on account of ignorance on the subject of Geography. Jusf.SOth, 1839* ADVKRTI8XMENT TO THE SECOND EDITkOK. The Author begs leave to offer his grateful ac- knowledgements to those Ladies and Gentlenlen who have kindly patronized this Bpitome— with the view of rendering it still more deserving of theisi^^ attention he has camully revised it, and to lessen the labours of the Teacher, he has divided and ac- cented all the proper names. In compliance with thesu^stiona of some kuu|4 Friends, a good deal of additional matter has been introduced, and he will feel much gratified if th||> addittoois thus made have their approbation. Jusf\0t, 1840. i y^y^ # JOHN OUY'll GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. CHAPTER I. 1. Ob-oo'-ra- PHY is- the science which teacribesthe surface of the worid» or earth which we inhabit. . 2? The term Geography is derived from two Greek words ge^ the earth ; a^daraphOf to write or describe^y ^^ /^^M^ )t 3. The world is nearly round, resem'* bling an orange^ and is surrounded by the heaves on aU sides. 4. The distance nmnd the worlds called the cir-cum'-ler-ence, is nearly 25,000 mfleir the distance from side to side, ^roii|^ |Im» centre, termed the di-an^HB-te^. M ^eariy ^lOOOmiles. / .,^Jii,~ ; ' ^. The nnmoev of inhabitckoilij fn face of the earth is supposed to: 850 millions. 6. The surface of the earth cotuSfSK'M^ land and water; rather more than )^k0>^^, tiiird is land, and nearly two-thirds WMl^ f . The Land is divided into {Jiipp ^Mi^,^ I^'-lands, Pen-in'-su4aa, i^ii^^ and Capes. £2 "J*- . ;.:,.. «i_-. 4l . JOHN •UrUPOROQRArHT : 8. A Continent k a great extent of laud eontaininff vanoua ooantriea, as Eii'*rope» 9. An Islandljif^a leas portion oHland . * surrounded by water as Great firitf-ain.^ *^ I 10. A Pen-in'-su-la is a traot of laad ^ # Almost surronnded by water as the Mo- ^ re -a, in Greece. - 11. An Isth'-musis ai neck of land which jobis a Pen-in'-s«-la to a Continent, as 8n'-ei| which joins Af'-rica to A'-si-a.^^yt 12. A Cape is a part of land stretcUig^^ far into the sea, as the Cape of Good Hope* y* ^ ii • >'^ 18. The Water c6nsists of Oceans, Seas* Gulfs, Ba]^s, Straitib h^iim$ ^^ Bivers. • ^ ,.u :^i ^.' • :v^v^■^^ ' Hr' . 14 An Ocean li a ^i^ast ti^tt^tioir of ^ater,notdivided%land^aitllfMit(ii^-^cx. Ocean. '^:'^- •; ' \ '' ^- -'">>:. S-' - .. -' 'i 15. A Sea is a smaller cdliectidn of water, as the If ed-i-ter-rit'-ne-an Sea.,^ ' 16. A Gulf is a part of theaea ruiping a ^nifiderable way into the land, as the ^l|^,^^€x%i^or r - ■ ■ ">^-^ ■• ■ ' "^ >w. A B^ is a gulf of leas extent» as WBay of Bii^cay. X ^ ^ ^^ 18. : Wh^ a Bay is small it is called ,a eteeki a harboiHr^ or coveidkr , - ^^ ^^; '^ ' 19« A Straif^ii a narrow pari of tbeiiMk «1aMi^g# pflsiMfc fcore one sea to 'i^H^.- M iimWrnnk of Gibrdllari v * '^'^ '.»*'■ T. 4 Ik f an FOR Vl^lLPRBN. 7 V4M. A Lake is a pofttOn of water wholly ionooiided by land, as the Lake of Geneva. hnSfli A River is a bodv of water, rising in tbe landi and flowing into the sea^ i|e the Thames. ^Jft' ^ Bximoxsat ow Chap. I. h Yfh tltOeography? ^ It tHallntn derived? ->< |L^ what pl^i^ ii the world ?^ di^'^'' ■^a Ir What if it! elreuml^ffmce 1 What is ita ditaelSiP^ S* What Is the tttppdaed number of Its InhaWlpuilaf . e» Of what docf the tafrfeee of Ihe earth oewiai X I* I«to what ir the land divided t . I.. W|at It i Continent?^ 0. WtoiaanltlaiidTJk ia(^ji|||iiaPoiiinfiih^! / < l§. 'VfhS^^il al^e? K ^ ' lia Of n^tdoee th« water eooiiist T 14. What lean QjBeau? ~ k- m Wkal if a Golf 7 t^t»!X!^«&*Bayt lS^.I1rhftiii a Bnr caned arbnu eihaft ia.;0^1ratS^tT ^ • * 90. What i^ a Lake t ft, iP^iialttyert • / •(,-»• ^*^ry'>'; ii«M4 0BBAT myisioNs OF i^fi^i^ifp mpMJ^xm^^ a. irhe Lanil is dMd^ into^fi^ great ms,4qf?fl]te4 Quaiftira ;f ?||^^ Af%ri-ca» and krm^Ari^ i * Jl^j^ Quarters are stfWJ#|^ ,. tfes, Kingdoms, and Sg|!|., ; :?1^^ 'A-.-' ■«"f y-^A i*. m mi 8 JOHN auT't atOCIlAPHY ft The great Eastern €oiithieiit> caaik^ prdiemting Ea^nrope, A'-si-a, airi Af -li-^ IS frequently called the Old World; aiid' the Western Continent of A-mei^-i-oa, the New World. 4. The Water is divided into firo gr«sat Oceans; — the Northern, the Soathem-^^^ At"lan'-tic» the In'-di-an, and Pa-cif ^c ^ 5. The At-lan%tic Ocean separates Ei^ rope and Af-ri-ca from A-iiier-i-ca. 6. The Pa-tif -icOcean separates A ^si-a from A-mei^4-ca^ || 7. A Map is a representatiijai of the earth, or a part of it, on a plain surface. . • a Maps differ from the Globe in tlier same way that u pictnre diffom from a. atataejilr 9. Ifiot otherwise4Bcpiviiweg^li^^l^^^ :^e map is always north, the bottopi •(mth, ^e ririit hand east, and the left ha^d west. ^ 1|®#^ hemM-sphere is the half of a f |l0b6. K an orange be cnt equally in i#Oi each part will be a hem-i-sphere. x. EXBBCISES ON ChftAP* 11. I. Into Itxm many portioos or qnftrters b the Isn^ 3. How are these imaiterB sQbdivided ? .«^ V 9* What is the, great fiasteni Coatiiient called t Whul IheW^tero? ^2^ 6. Wbit 4cM the Atlantic Ocean sepaintet 6. WhflWPadfitif I' i •.t }. t i' 1 ; •.Stvt- I' \ i _ FOR CHILDBBH. ■*yii ^ .':r,:» u 1 i H « Wlift If a Hapt <^ ' H. How do Maps diffei' from the globe ! Ok Wb^ part of the map is always north f Which is i^tht Which is east? Which is west! ^ 10. What is a bemispherel EZBKGXaBt ON TEB MaP OF TRB WOALO. Praw on your slate die Map of &e World. J 1. Whether Is Burope in the eastern or western hemi* spheral 5. Whether does Cape Horn, or the C^>e of Good Hope stttoh further to the timtht . S. What pepamtes South' Am^ea from Africa? 4. How is Africa sitoated wilveffard to Afia, that Is^ is it to the nortii ? or south ? or flit ? or West? $* How is Europe situated with regard to Africa? 6. Whether is Australia on the north or the south of the equator? 7. Between what two grea^^^ontinents are fhe West Indies situAted ? L .. 8.- Whether is Burope or Africa larger ? 9. JnwhaitgreiiiqeeanisKewSSiMlandl 10* How is Australia situated with regard to Africa 1 n. WhalMan lies to the nortt cl'Suropet 19. Whetbar is Europe or North Amarica tefor I' 18. How is South Aineriga sitBatsd with ttigm t^ Hie equator t 14. Am the West Indlieii in the northern or soa^rir ^ hemisphert? ' 16. Whether is Asia or Africa larger ? 16. What great ocean separates Asia from America? 17. Whether is there mae hUkd in tL^ northern, or the foiOklim hemisphere? , v^ v^. " Idi.is there more land inUie eastern or the wes(c$^ ^ flivi^iat direction does North America lie Psm iOu What two great quarters are stitwted opo4 m ; • <,. • to JOHN nvva ocooRAPiir ft CHAP. III. BU-ROPE. 1. Eu'-ROPE, though the smallest of the foar quarters of the earth, is the most dis-^ tinguished for its power, its wealthy and its knowledge. -V 2. It is bounded on the north by the Northern Ocean, oi| t6e south by the Med-i-ter-ra'-ne-an Sea, on the east by A-si-a, and on the west by the At«lan'-tic Ocean. -+^ a £u'-rope comprehends the following countries— ^we'-den, Lap'-land, Noi'-way, Den'-marky and Rns -si-a, on the North. J 4. France, Ger^-ma-ny, Prus'-si-a, AW- "^a, Po'«land« Swit'-zer-land, Hor-land Ber-gi-um, and the British Isles, in the Middle. t 5. Spain; Por'-tu-gal, It'-a-ljr, TuZ-key and Greece, in the South. 6. Brit'-ain, France, Rus'-si-^a,Aus'-tri-a, Iknd Prufl^-si-a, may be considered the five feading powers of Eu'-rope. j^ . 7. The principal Islands of Eu'-rope are Gre4t Brit'ain, Ire'-land, Ice'-land, Ck>r^- Mhea, Sar-din'-i-a, Si^-ci-ly, and Can'-di^a. 8. The principal Rivers of £n'-rope ^^ (he VoF-ga, the Dan'-ube, the Rhine, i^ \'f<: w i^ ■1" ■Iv' ^^H ^^K'*^* ik ^M ^^^K -*>. ^Hf i'^ ^^m< -'^' '"'^tllAMitt^tliiM'^.Jh. v>,i*r 4: v POR CH2E.DIWN. 11 Elbe}* the Ta'-gus, the Loire, and the TbamesHtX *r^ 9. The most elevated Mountains of £a« f^pe are the Alps, the Pyr-e-nees', the Dof-re field, and the Car-pa'-thi-an moun- tains. 10. The Ghristain Religion generally prevails through Europe, and is divided into the Greek, Roman €athoii^ and the Protestant Reformed Churches. tC ■w BxB&cisBB OH Chap. Hi. 1. For wliat is Europe distinguished t 9. How is it bounded? ^ ^' 8. What countries does it compreliend in the North t 4. Whst countries hi the Middle? 6. What countries in the South? 6. Whidi are the flye leading powers of Europe T 7. What are the principal Isluids of Europe? T 8. What are the priSici|H|l Rivers of Europe ? ^ 9. What are the most elevated Mountliins of Rirepe * 10. What religion gftBanUy prsTaUs throu^ Europe? ^ Exercises pn the Map op Eukopii. Draw on your slate the Map ef Eiuopit. .1. Ht»>7 f 8 Europe bounded on the east? on thd irest ? on the north f on the south? 9* How is Ireland rituated with rospeef I91 jOrei^ Britain? 5. How is Great Britain separated fifom Senmarl^ aa9; 1&l)l»df i» in what se^ is the island of Sardinia ? ^ J^w ii'France situated with regard to dreat Bi^ |%^9fW is Oermany situated with regard to * Pronounced Elb. t Tem^, /la -'•■••iif^ ''^'iif-'i ftm-r-mn , mSm j^^fjfAfWA I -J^^l^v:-'' ^ Hmn kM^*B OBOOMPHY t. WhenltSfdly? 8. Wl^ii country in Europe extends mott to the west ? 9. How are Holland and Dtenmark sitoafed wlthte- gaidtoeaehother? t :% ? .^ , ,10. How is the Mediterranean Sea dtuated with rmiti to Europe? II. What two great quarters does it separate r 15. How Is Lapland 8ifn|ated with respect to Sweden! 13. Where is ibe Itlap of Cyprus ? 14. How Is l^iMift siioiated with xegard to Sweden? 16. Into WHl sea does Greece stretch out? 16. WhMhIi is Great Britain or Fiance larger ? 17. Whether is Ireland or Pdrtugal larger ? 18. How is Norway situated with regard to Sweden ? 19. How is Prussia situaidid with regard to Holland T fiO. How are the Shethuid Islands situated with resp^ol to Great Attaint 31. H0W is Italy bounded on the east T 32. W^t eounl^ in Europe stands fiirthest north? S3. What countiy in Europe is the largest? CHAP- ,1V. ^ SWE-DEN. !• SwB-DEN is an extensive country, i^^ted in Hid porthem part of Eu'-rope, ^^ jdMDaistd of#ie kingdom of Sweden, Noir-#ay, and i* ri f/^ f OR CHILDEBN. 13 are Dp'-siil^lathQCis for its university, and Oo^-ten«b1irgh,4 considerable trading port. ! 4. Sweden is in general a barren coan- ^^^trpi^the greater part of it consisting of moimtainS) marshes, and deserts* 4% & T^ popnlatioKi of Sweden is about three mllions,, the %o:veniinent a liioited 4|D&>narchy, and the JQatheran religion is the only one tolenited. 6. The chief exports ef^^e^-den are cop- per, iron^ timber, taU^ :ip4 bemp« J^ 7. Nor^-way, formerly subject tor Dqii^« mark} was united to Swe'-den in 1815. Chris-ti-a'-na is the capital. 8. This country is very cold, mountain^ ous, and barren, and many of the inhahir tants Jive chiefly by hunting and fishing*^ 9. On the coast of Norway is the c<^ ^ hlrated whirlpool,calledthe Ma'-el-stirooiue, which is so violent, that if a sW|p colmi near, it is unavoidably drawn in aiid JB&li^ tered to pieces among the r^lis. ^ 10. Although Norway is of c^*" •''•!>*Sf '^M&:Liii!i^ f, ,g^j(«ywv^|«iini*iwwi'w •nmm^-^Bmi.m-"^-- 14 iDHiX <}UV*t QBOOAAPHY 12. Vm ohief exports of Nor -way ai« ttmli^arf iron, and eopfmr. ^^ 1%. liMtp'^aiid is ^die most noribern ]part of Bs^ci^e, aad ^uefly ssb^wt to SweV den : it is ptiacJpaMy oomposed €i ragged tnoaataiasretnd driMyry valleys; its winters ave «»Desi^vely se3iNne» and ike gvound is cotered Witk snow to a consideriMe dem^ for eight or nine months in the year. l{^ 14. In the noftftem parts oi LapT-land, ^ snn is abitat ibr aboat seven wedu dwiag the wtnter^ and in summer it neirer sets for the same |>eiiod, 15. The Lap'4anHders are low in statare, but iSbkk set» aad liabitoally filthy : not ^oyinig die fotessiags of education, Hiey aie extiemdiy Ignorant apd superstitions. ^ IS. Tbeyase >descr^d as viewing the MBnements and eafoyniente of civilk^ ISiNofowkb the utmost eo^ their iMndeorcattstitate their chief wealtfa ; their skin8areiisiidi»Fjdo1Jiing, their :flefidi serves lor fssi> Jipii Iheir m^ ibr dieese; in sledges diawn fay these animids, ihi^ pass over the SHOW with astonidran^ nipid%. 17. The kinfdofa of JX^si^-oiad: consists of Zea'«-la!idi i^i^-^i^ eoiae oil IP^k-i^Of Ice'^Iand^.ao4 Green'-land in •J ;-^.'-ft '■vtSl:' ''■■ <*"'*t«*^»»!n5W! rOR C0IM>RBI«. m Nortiiem OceHn ; and the pfOfi i iii of Juf-Iand and Ilol-stein' on theGlMlMmtj^. ' 16. Ben'-mark is in general a fb^ eoan^f^ try, with a healthy clilbate; totvlurds the north the winter is serere^ but in ft» south it is much milder. Itprochicesoes^iderable quantities Of timber, iron, and eom. V 19. The peculation of Den^maik ismii- mated at about two millions* Co-pen-haf^- gen, the capitid, is a ftne city, situated in Uio island of Zea^Iand; and cojl^nfoig 100,000 inhabitanta.Jr 20. The island of W-teid is fOigfS^ mountainous, and barren ; it is famous fbi its burning mountain, Hec'*la« Its l^QJ^ lation is about OGfyQ^. W|r 21 . The island of <^r^(Rand deriTes idl Its importance from its whale fishery on j the western coast. Itiisstill considered as bdonging to Den'-inar k» illiiii^ll tie flsh^ ery isG&iefiy CMtiedmit}^i0^ it is^ inhabit onJy on ^o * I.e.' E:(BBdi8B8 ON Chap. iY. 1, Of iiluit doe* Sweden conaUt t S. Deeerlbe Stock&oli4 ^ en^kftal. B. What we the other pfihelpiu tewne of Sfon4fiif it' ; j 4. Bescribe Sweden. v « i» WhatisUt population? Its gpver^imeiitt. IlpliBi* **^i. lUiat are iti» ehief exports f ' ;; , /}-: ^ m When was irorwffiT tt^ted to SwedfBt WhAMilH P«Beiibethecottnti7,and8agrlio^19ie .>*. ">*s^»t ,J.>!i-tJlfi& ". ('^■^r^.^*f m'^mv ' S>M*:m JiiiliiflfTiii'fii ii H' 18 JOHN ally's OBOGRAPHf 0. Deteribe the wfrlpool on the eoiist t 10. What is the population of Norway f Its ehJief wealth ? 11. What if the character of the Norweglwu! Their teligionT 13, What are the chief exports of Korwaj t 13. What Is the situation of Lapland ? To what power^ ii it subject f Describe tlie country. • 14. What is there peculiar in Lapland? 15. Describe the Laplanders 7 16. In what light do they view the enjoyments of cifflixed Europe? Whatconstitute their chief wealth? 17. Of what does the kingdom of Demnark consist t 18. Describe Denmark. What are Its chief productions t 19. What is a popidation? Describe Copenhagen, its capital. SO. Describe Iceland. What is its population t 81. From what docp Greenland derive its importance f To whom does it belong 1 What part of it ii inhabited ? CHAP- V. RUSSIA. . %. Bui^i-A is an empire of immense extent} comiHising all the north-east part of Europe^ and the northern part of Asia. Its potation in Europe is about 5S miUionllK* 2. The comitry is in general flat, con-^ sisting^ plains of yery great extent ; in th^, WH^, the climate is cold, and the vn^mrn very severe ; but in thesouth It is £0^,1^ the soil productrreat 8. Pe'-teris-burg, the capitaT^lpe w^l^e ^mpirot was founded by P6ter ttfe Grai^ -/ ~ of m f- 1 fOR GBILDIISII* l7 mA te coDjddered the molt beantifal dty in fiurope^^^ i^l Tlie.ii|jbt and sold with the estates; yet #ith iU these disadvantages, they are robnst, and patient under hardships-.-*^' 9. 5iiAS^jih>i;*L ..^ffiwyffy^>iBBM^>T is an extensiye^ compact, and populous king^ doniy enjoying a fine situation near the centre of £u'-rope. It is separated from England by the British Channel^ and from 3pain by we Pyr-e-nees'fT' 2. France was formeny divided ihto yoyiriceSy but since the Revolution of 17^^ , It has been divided into 86 departmelits»^yi||i« 3. Palr^-is the capital, is distinguishes' for the magnificence of its public buildings but many of its streets are narrow and dirty : it is the largest city in £u -rope next to London, and contains about 900,000 in- habitantsrrw 4* The other principal inland towns of France are JLiy'-ons, Rou-en> Lisle, Tou- louse', and Stras'-burg*!^ d. The principal s^t-port towns of #.*v igkm! !>'. .-'?»■ ^# rOl OHILDMSI. FfaiiQe'are ^Mar^^ks/ fBor-deanxy fTplirloii" and Breat3% 6. The climate of France is mild and healthy, and the soil fertile, producing, in great perfection, all the MCessaries, and itoost of the luiiries of life. The south, on account of its salubrity, is visited by inva- lids from colder climateiy|^ 7. The French are a fay, active, and lively people, gracdU in their deportmenti and very polite, possessing however, nO in- considerable share of vanity. They are lUstinguished for quickness in iavenlion, Ibr their attainments in literature, aM for the ingenuity of their manufactaiesjf 8. The established n^0ou^ WiSme is Jthe Roman Catholic^ but Ml Others are tolerated ; the govennii^tlt't Bmitstf mgh Harchy. Its populatioit is ^8 Qilffi(msJ|f a The principal rit^ of Frioiels a^mR Loire, tlie Seine, iJbe Bhpne, and tie 6a- ronne% W 10. Its chief i^orts are wii^ 6raii%. fruit, and sillt ^ w QEttMANY. 11. 6br'^ma-ny, the general name the Bcitish empire; it i« oidy nsmall state^ containing m million and a half ef inhahl* tants. wnest I., King of Han'-oj^er, is uncle to our UMMt gracious Quecflflr 16^ Qei'-tt».M 'is about 600 W^s in length, and dOO in breadth^ and i^ diti^M into 4b Hidbpendent states^ cotxtaining about 84 m:Slions of inhal^tonts»^ PRUSSIA. Id. Prus^-si^a is a large kingdom bor- dering on the Bal'-tio Sea, comprising?'^ Prus'-si-a so calledt a part of Po'-land» anS^ considerable possessions in 6er^-ma-njEi< i 17. Pros^-si-a is in general a rich and/ fruitful country, producing ccrn, flax, and hemp^ In great abundance^ Its population is about 13 millionjf 18. Ber-lin', the C'^pital, is a large and A ■ fOR CHrtORBll. 91 dent but Me Qmw iii mM oioff lltfT tdto tote, aM. r, £• b fii tag lor- /I handiomo city, containing many T6rv elai, rant baildings. Its popnlatlon is 220,00Q, " 19. The other chief towns of Pras'-si-a are Daot'-iicy well known for its great trade in com, Mem'-el noted for its timber trade and KonMq;^i-berffJ^ thecapitalof the andeni kingdon c»r;?niff-si-a. / 20. The rivers of Pmssia are the O'-der, the Elbv, and the Vis'-tu-la. 21. The Prus'-si-ans in their wars have £ roved themselves a brave people; the igher classes are well-informed and conr- teons, but the peasmtry are nncaltivated and superstitions.^'^ AUSTRIA. 22. Aus'-TRi-A is a large and powerful Empire, comprehending the eastern part of Ger«ma-ny ; the kingdoms of Jlun'-ga-ry and Bo-he'-mi-a^; the northern part of It'-a-ly ; a part of Poland, and several provinces. Jj^ 28. The cumate of the Ans'-tri-an domi- nions is, in general, mild and healthy, and t)ie soO fruitful ;' 4ke country is inclined to bv^ laountainqns, and in some places, is i;dvered withiarge forests. X. 21 The Aui^-tri-an nobility are consi- deried haughty 9etA -oppressi^, but the middle classes ape moral and industrious, and greatly atiaidied to reading and nrasie. ■' T^.^.fr iti ' "i.W Ji } " .-wi ! Wi >j a > 'V*'W tl0fmimmtti\ 11 iTii \\MitiMittfmmtiimt iiiSbmi mint i rill' V ilWy i4'' Pv JOHN ciuy's eiooirAPHY S5. Aas^-tri-a is chiefly an inland power, baying Itllile sea-coa«t; its principal port is "^Triesle, on the GvM of Ven'^ce. The population of tAie empire is about thirty** three millions. V^en -na, the capital, con- tains 800,008 inhabitants. ^ 26. The other principal towns of Aus'- tri-a are Prag:iiey the capital of fio^he'-m^-a, Bu'-da, {he capital cSt Hnn'-ga-rv, and Mil'-an and Ven'-icein Ans'-tri-an It'-a-ly. 27. The principtd rivers are the Dan- ube^ the fElbv^f the Draye, and the Save. ^ POLAND. 28. Po'-L AN D, formerly a large and pow- erful Kingdom, has entirely lost its inde- pendence, and is now incorporated with Rus'-si-a, Pvus'-si-a, and Aua'-tri-a. 29. Po'4and enjoys a healthy climate, and its soil is flpuidful, producing abon- dantiy all the jiecessaries of life^ 9^. The Poles are a brave people, and ill 1880, those subject to Rus^-si-a made a ga^ftant attempt to regain theiv indepen- dence, but unfortunately, without success ExBROXSES out Chap. VI. 1. Describe France. How is it sepAnted from Bogp- land ? How from Spain ! •Trcftst. tSitw mrfumm. «iiP mm> mm^ mmm t9m mi)»m «0E dllLDRSV f^ J. % How was It formerly divided ? How is it now t d. Describe Paris, and what ia its popalation f 4. What are the other inland towns cf France T 6. Name the principal sea-ports of Brmnce. 0. Describe the climate of France. Its soiL Its pro- ductions. By whom is the south visited ? 7; DMcribe the French, and for what aro they dlstin- foJahed? 9. What is the established relict? The government t Hi8 population ? 9. What are the principal rivers of France ? ' 10. Wliat are its chief .exports Y 11. How ii Qemiany divided ? 19. Wliat is the situation 4>f each separate State ? f«> respect to foreign nations, wbBit do 4he whole States eon* «Utatef 13. What is iU climate 1 Soil f Productions ? 14. Where is Hanover t Describe it. What Is its population t 16. What ii 4he extent of Germany? How divided ^ Its populatian 1 16. What is Prussia ? What does it comprise ? 17. Describe Prussia. Iti productions? ItspopnIsti«i? 1& What JiBerUa, the eapltal? Its population t 19. What are the other e^ef towns of Prussia ? SO. What are the principal rivers of Prussia? 81. What is the character of the Prussiani ? Of tiie iUgher claiDOB I C^tito peasantry? ^. What is Austria? What does it comprehend? 23. What is its climate ? Its soil ? Describe the €Ountry. 24. What is the character of the Austrian nobility ? Of the middle classes? 26. What is Austria chiefly? What is its chief port? Its population ? The pc|>ulatioa of Its capital ? 96. What are the other prinoipal towns of Aiuitria f 27. What are the principal rivers 1 28. What is the present state of Poland t How is it Incorporated ? 29. What is its climate? Its soil? WaaA does it produce? 30. Describe the Poles. What did ifaey attemnt^ >«&M«>&)ia«wMtu, r 24 JOHN OUY'8 6B00RAPIIY CHAP. VII. SWITZERLAND. ^u 1. Swit'-zbr-land is a small, but r(K rnantic country, adjoiniug the Alps, the highest mountains in Eu'-rope. Its popu* •ation is about two millions. 2. The principal towns of Swit -zer-land are Berne, the capital,. * Neuf-cha-tel', fZu'-rich, and Ge-ne'-va. \f 3. Swif -zer-land is distmguisbed for its beautiful and picturesque scenery, consist- ing of lofty mountains and dread^l preci pices, intermixed with delightful vaJleys, rivers, and lakes. It is divided into twenty-* two districts, or can'-tons. j^ 4. The principal lakes of Swif -zer-land are Con'- stance, Lu-ceme', *Neuf-cha-tet, and 6e-ne'-va. 5. The Swiss are a robust people, noted for the simplicity of their mannerjs, and their love of liberty. / HOLLAND. n 6. Hol'land is a small commercial Kingdom, lying to the east of Eng'-land, from which it is separated by the North Sea. It is divided into seven provinces. I Noo-shat-tel . + Zu '»-Ut, FOR CHllDRBN* 25 t ro , the )opu- -land a-tel', For its msist- preci alleys, eenty- T-land a-tel, noted and lercial Mand« INorth rinces^ •11 .1] CI and contains about two millions and a halt of inhabitants. 7. Holland is a very flat country, lying in some places below the level of the sea, which is kept from overflowing the land by dikes or banks of earth. The soil is highly cultivated, and very productive both in com and pasture. 8. Am'-ster-dam, the capital, is chiefly built upon wooden piles, and containsmany maguiflcent buildings. It has broad canals running through the streets, with rows o. trees on each side, and a good coach-roadf It contains 200,000 inhabitants. 9. The other principal towns of HoF- land, are Hague, Rot'-ter-dam and Lea- den. Hague, the principal residence of the nobiUty, is distragui^hed for the ele- gance of its buildings, Rot'-ter-dam for its commerce, and Ley^-den for its university. > 10. The chief rivers of Holland are the Rhine and the *Maese. 11. The Dutch are considered iiofw and heavy, but remarkable for their cleanii* ness, frugality, and industry. Their n^i- gion is the Protestant, under the Presby. terian form. BELGIUM. 13. Bel'*gi-um, a small Kingdom to ♦ Muiz. n m JOmr GUY 8 GEOGRAPHY t the spath-west of Holland, has iiiidergn^e many changes : in 1830, it asserted its in* dependence, and became a separate stcitCt under King Leopold. ^ '*- 13. Ber-gi-nm, like HoF-land, is a level country with a soil very productive both in com and wine. It is also distinguished for its numerous canals and manufactures. 14. Brus'-sels, the capital, is one of the most elegant cities in Europe, containing about 80,000 inhabitants. A few miles south of it is Wa-tbr-loo', famous for the great battle in which Bonaparte met with his final overthrow. 15. The other principal towns of BeF-gi- um are Ant'-werp, Ghent, and Bru'-ges. 16. The principid rivers of BeF-gi-um are the Maese and the ^Scheldt. » %■■ ExBRCiBBt ON Chap. VII. 1. What is Switzerland? ItssitaatioiiT Its popalatlon ? 2. What are the principal towns of Switzerland ? 3. For what is it distingnishedi Of what does its soenery consist? How divided 7 4. What are the principal lakes of Switzerland? 6. Describe the Swiss. For what are they noted ? 6. What is Holland 1 Its situation T How divided? Its population ? 7. Describe the country. The soil. Its productions. 8. Describe Amsterdam. What is its population ? 9. What are the other principal towns of Holland? For what is Hague distinguished? What Rotterdam? What Leyden ? ♦ Skeld. |-|MWll^'i'iMif' M'ilTl I ^WTOfJ«F»l)S*-?'^ FOR CHILDKBN. 27 its in* ) state, a kvel 6 both ;aisfoed ictures. I of the taining miles )iis for te met Bel'-gi- ges. -gi-nm ^alation ? ? Idoes its I? Ivided ? j;tiOTi8. in? [olland? ?rdain? •I \ i 10. What are the cliief riven of Holland T 1 1. What iB the character of the Datch ? What their rdigionf 19. DeBcrihe Belgium. What took place in 1880! 13. Describe the country. Its pdl* Fot what is It distinguished ? 14. What is Brussels? Its population? For what is Waterloo famous? m. What are the other principal towns of Belgium 1 1 G. What are the principal rivers of Belgium ? CHAP. VIII. THE UNITED KINGDOM OF OREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 1. The XJnii^bd Kingdom comprises the two large islands of Great Brit'-ain and Ireland, and various smaller ones. ■ t. GREAT BRITAIN. 2. Great Brit'-ain, the largest island in £u'-rope, is divided into Eng^-'land, Scot'-land, and Wales. It is about 600 miles long, and 250 broad. ENGLAND. ^ 3. Eno'-land, the largest portion of the Island, is divided into forty countiesi and these are classed into six ciiibuits for the administration of justice. I i I JOHN gut's GEOGHAPHT Northern CircuiU 4. North-um'-ber-]and Dur-ham Cum'-ber-land West'-more-land York'-shire Lan'-ca-shire New-cas'-tle Dur'-ham Car-lisle' Ap'-ple-by York Lan'-cas-ter Midland Circuit. 5. ♦War-wick -shire f Leicesi'-ter-shire Chesh'-ire Der'-by-shire Not''ting-hain-sbire Lin'-coln-shire Riit'-land North-amp'-ton-shire Oxford 6. Ox'-ford-sbirc Buck'.ing-ham-shire /(Glouces -ter-sbire |Worces'»ter-»bire Mon'-mouth-sbire ; Her -e-ford: shire Shrop'-sbire Staf -ford-shire ♦War'-wick fLeices'-ter Ches'-ter Der-by Not'-ting-ham Lin'-ooln Oak'-ham North -anip'-ton Circuit,: Ox-'ford Buck'-ing-ham (Glouces'-ter ^Worces'-ter Mon'^mouth Her'-e-ford Shrews'-bu-ry Stafford U'-- it- Norjblh Circuit, 7. Bed'-ford-shire Bed'-ford Berk'-shire || Read'-ing » • War-rick shir. t Leb'-ter-shir. t C)los'-tor.«hir ^ Woos-tBr-shir. || Bed'-diiig. -#?^: If \ sL' i, PjOR CHILDRBN. » am >ton am 7 : It; l-tor-shir ■ Hunt'-ing-don-shire Hunt'-ing-don ^Cam'-bridge-rshir^ Cam'-bri^ Suf-folk tlps'-wich Nor -folk JNor'-wich Hom0 Cireuii, 8. Mid'-dle.sex§ LON'-DON Es'-sex Chelms'-ford IIHert'-f-ar^j-shire Hert'-ford Kent Maid'-s^onc Sur'-rej. Gmld'-ford Sus'-sex Chi'-ches-ter , Western CireaiU 4 9. Hamp'-shire Win'-ches-tcr Wilt'-shire ^[Salis'.bury Dor'-set-shire Dor'-ches-ter Smn'-er<-set Wells Dev'-on-shire . Ex'-eter Corn-wall . **Laun-ce8-ton . 10. or these counties, Torkshires Lin^ colnshire, and Devonshire, are the largest; and Rutlandshire, Middles^x^ and Htint* ingdonshire the smallest. 11. As it regards population, Yorks^irc^ Middlesex, and Lancashire, take thelCiad^ whilst Rutlandshire, Westmoreland, and Huntingdonshire, contain the fewest in- habitants. ♦ Caim'-bridge-shir. t Ips'-ich. t Nor'-ich. §> Middlesex and Cheshire have distinct courts of tlioir II Hart'-ford-shir. f Sola'-ber^ry. ♦♦ Lans'-ton. o 2 80 jofiN guy's obograpfly ' m fj ■ S> t. i r 12. In tho census taken 1831, Vork- shire, Middlesex, and Lancashire, wwe nearly equal, each containing nearly a million and a half; but it is prr*)able that the population of each county now ex- ceeds that number, especially Middlesex and Lancashire. 13. Englind is bounded on the north by Scot-land, on the south by the British Channel, 0.1 the east by the North Sea, and on the i^est by the Irish Sea and the At-lan'-tic O'-cean. 14. Eng^-land, as a nation^ stands with- out a rival ; the intelligence, the industry, and the enterprise of her people, have raised her to a pitch of greatness enjoyed by Ho other power. v ¥*i3 15. The climate of England is extremely variable, but in general healthy ; the soil is fertile, and in the highest state of culti- vation. 16. England abounds in mineral pro- ductions, particularly tin, lead, iron, and coal; the last two of which greatly con- duce to the flourishing state of her manu- factures. . -^ 17. The mines of Cornwall, where tin is chiefly produced, have been wrought ever since the birth of om Saviour, and were known some centuries before that periodi 18. Lead is found in various narts of ■! I i %: , York. e, Afwe learly a ible that low ex- iddlesex )orth by British th Sea, and the Is virith- idustry, B, have enjoyed tremely he soil f culti- al pro- >n^ amd y con- manu- I i I'- 1 I FOR GHILDRBfl* 81 Ai6 kingdom, but the most extensive mines oire those of Yorkshire, Cumberland, Dnr- xiiam, and Derbyshire. ) 19. Iron is got in considerable qaantir ties in Gloucestershire, Derbyshire, and Shropshire, but the chief supply comes from Wales. 20. Coal is found in great abundance in the northern and western parts of the kingdom, but the mines most extensively wrought are those of Northumberland and Durham. V 21. From these mines London, and the counties on the east and south-east coasts, i «re chiefly supplied, besides exporting krge quantities to foreign countries. The chief ports for shipping coals are New- '^astle, Shields, Sunderland, and Stockton. Ii>^. The manufieu^tures of England are carried on to an extent unknown to any other nation: besides supplying her own wants, her manufactured goods are ex- ported in great quantities to every quarter of the globe. * i^ 23. Besides the territories above men* tioned, England has foreign possessions to a very great extent^ especially in A'-si-a > wd A-mer'-i-ca. ^1^ 24. The population of England in 1 83 was upwards of 13 millions, and is noi^ t supposed to be nearly 15 iQillions. /: 82 JOHN euv » Gfiooa^niY OM Chap. VIII. 'Qlted Kingdom compHse T n divided? Wliat !• iU length t 1. Wliftt 2. IIow bl lt« breadth t j».. 3. Into hour maitf jOOimUet i> England divided ? How are these counties claimed T ' 4. Ifame the ooontiee comprising the Northern Circuit Also their Capitals. ,1^. Name those of the Midland Circuit. 0. Name those of the Oxford Circuit. 7. Name those of ihe Norfolk Circuit. 8. Hime those of the Home Circuit. 9. Hime those of the We»tera Circuit. TO. Name the three largest Counties. Name the three smallest. 11. What three counties contain the greatest {)opulatioii ' MHiat thiQee counties contain the fewest i:ihttbitants ? 12. In 1831, what three counties were nearly equal ? What was the population of each ? Wh|t two counties are supposed' to exc€«d that population ^ -,,,. 1 3. How isBngland bnindedom the nortii ? On the south .' On the east? West? 14. How does England stand as a nation? What have raised her tp such a pitch of greatness ? 15. What is the tlhnate of England? ItosoU? How cultivated? 16. What are the minerals ^th which England abounds ? What especially, conduce to her flourishing state ? 17. Wh^ra is tin chiefly produced? How long have the mines of "Cornwall been wrought ?. How lung known ? 18. Where is lead found 1 Which are the most extensive mines? 19. Wherein inm got? Wh^re does the chief supply come irom ? - 20. Where is coal found in grefti; abundance ? Which are the most extensively wrought coal«mines? 81. What' places do these counties supply? What ai the n^QCfMl^i'^ for shipping coal? 22. I¥y4iftt extent are the manufactures of England ..ji^ffied^'^Qb what parts are they exported? *■■■, . ■ •-■''''■»•.■ .t^T^-. . - . . , . - !^- •■ :-'i?''- i .; •■ ;.'■ ■ ■ ■ • • w',: ;■ -■;^:.. -■ ■ • •;* . - . ■': ■ * '^'Z*-' ■",',■■--:' " *" - . ,; . < ki 'I t i- H f eaubii'/.ctfbttiM. J-,- m I lengUi t d? How 1 Gircull the three pu]atioii ' to? f equal ? nties arc he south.' hat have 1? How iboundsf have the n? xtensive supply Which ^hat ai Sngland ENCLAND AND WALES mimm^im " 1.n («w* .^•iiiiii«:>v/.. iii^ Xortk OB -i- UhrU'jte A.. Semhormifih oLimfatier Ofi»k letdr o iverppol ** fti/wfwb «n^' o Bii»to^^ oBatfi Stilutwy ^avter o ^1 It I SB C HJ^^ .>^-,y SotLthL ist •"^: ■c- zS£A j>)W ^# H ■ ■i'W 'i W .e bo'v * ►"H Cllll,DBB|.. «, 'Wonyo„„atetheMapof£„,M„,. IJ. In .ailing fro^sffiT^J^'?" ?* *«'>'» wecome »<«,! ' ^ •""*"' «» to^don, what town, da Jo. Wear what town i. .1. ^ na ie. Whether I. Cd toneor'SZ-f *« '*»»«•' i»: h2^ h 'SIS? """"^ »•«' the TVent 1 u JOHN boy's OBOORAPHT CHAP. IX. ' ENGLAND CONTINUED. 1. LoN'-DON, the metropolis, is finely situated on the river Thames ; it now pro- bably contains nearly two millions of in- habitants, and from its wealth, its exten- sive commerce, and its charitable institu- tions, it may be considered the first city in the world. 2. The principal trading ports of £n^- land are London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Newcastle, * Yarmouth, and Falmouth. 3. Of these, Liv'-er-pool seems particu- larly worthy of notice. In the sixteenth century, it contained nothing but a few huts, not deserving the name of houses; it is now a wealthy and handsome towii, containing 223,000 inhabitants, and ranks next to London in the extent of its com- merce. 4. Bris'-tol, an ancient town of great commercial importance, is finely situated upon the A'-vouy abbtit ten miles from the Bristol Channel. It loiig ranked next to London as a poit, but it has been out stripped by Liverpool. It carries on a * yai*'-mutb. The pupil wiU recollect that in idl nameft f»f places cndkiig in nunUh, the wotith is prono^iieed w il written mutk» FOR CHILDREN. .'1 it finely w pro- of 111- exteii- Dstitu- st city r Eng^i Hull, th. ; irticti- teenth a few town, ranks r coin- great uated n the xt to out, on a naoiea 11 Mil very extensive trade, particularly wit'. Ireland, Wales, and the West Indies. Itdi population is about 120,000. 5. Hull occupies a commanding situa- tion on the Humber, and is rapidly rising jn importance. It carries on an extensive irade to the Baltic, and ranks the fourth port in the kingdom. Its population is 65,000. 6. New-cas'-tle, a wealthy and flourish' ing town on the Tyne, is the largest porl In the north for the shipment of coal, inde- pendent of which it carries on a consider- able foreign trade. Its population, with Gateshead, is probably about 90,000, and some of its modern streets are said to vie with those of London. ^7. Yai'-mouth is a considerable seaport In Norfolk, at the mouth of the Yare, with a convenient harbour. It has an exten* sive foreign trade, and is famous for cu- ring herrings, of which great quantities are shipped for southern countries. Its po** |>uIation is about 24,000. 8. Fal'-mouth, a well-built seaport town of Cornwall, derives a good deal of import- /Udce from its being the station of the |)aqkets to America and the south of £u- rbpb. It has a noble harbour, and is a l^ace of considerable traffic. 9. The largest manufacturing; towrtif JOHN GUY 8 GEOORAPIil England are ManchBster, Birminghaniy^ Leeds, Sheffield, and Norwich. 10. MancfaesjLer, with its suburbs^ con? tains 309,000 inhabitants, and may justly^ be called the manufacturing capital of the British empire. Here the cotton manu- factures are carried on to an astonishing extent) and probably more solid capital is found in this place than in any town in the kingdom^ London excepted. 11. Birmingham has long been cele- brated for its extensive* manufactures of hardwares, trinkets, and plated goods. These are exported in great quantities to foreign countries, where, in point of cheap- ness and show united, they are unrivalled. Its population is 183,000. 12. Leeds, a large town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, may be considered the great central mart of the Yorkshin^ woollen >trade. Besides carrying on an extensive home trade^ it exports vast quantities of broad and narrow cloths to various parts of the world. Its popula^ tion is about 150,000. 13. The manufactures of Sheffield are. in many respects, similar to those of Bir- mingham, but the articles for which it is particularly noted, are cutlery, edge- toold, and plated goods, for which it has a great export trade. Its population is jfeOUt 120,000. pfi % % ::^'.- r>>K OHILDRPf^ 37 i, con- justly of the manu- lishing pital is mn in I cele- ires of goods, ties to cheap- valled. West • idered kshire )n an vast hs to pula« are. Bir- it is ledge- ^ k has m is !J m 14. Norwich, a large and ancient city of Norfolk, is chiefly distinguished for i(s manufactures of silks, crapes, bombazines, and other fine stuffs. Besides the cathe*^ dral, it contains 96 parish churches. Its population is about 62,000. 15. Besides these large manufactnrinj^ towns, there are a great many others al- most equally deserving of notice, amongst which may be named the following : 16. Stockport, famous for cotton, silk, and hats. Bolton, Preston, Oldham, and Black- bum, for cotton goods. Wolverhampton and Dudley for iron goods. 17. Coventry and Macclesfield for silks. Exeter, Huddersfield, and Hali- fax, for woollen cloths. Nottingham aud Worcester for stockings. Kidderminster and Wilton Tor car- pets. 18. Carlisle for linen and cotton goods^ and hats. Bridport and Plymouth, Ifor coarse flax and hempen goods. Kendal for narse woollens. 19. Staffordshire and Worcestersh^||^ for china and earthenware. (^d JOHN OUY'8 GROGRAPHV Buckingham and Bedfordshire for lace. Northamptonshire for shoes Suffolk and Somersetshire, for linen cloth. SxBBOisBS ON Chap. I!X. 1. How is London situated? Its population ? On what account is it the first city of the world 1 5. What are the principal trading ports of England ? 8. Of what is Idverpool worthy 1 Describe it in the sixteenth century. Describe it now. Its population ? / 4. What is Bristol? Where situated? What is its trade ? Its population ? 6. What is said of Hull ? How does it rank ? Its po- pulation? 6. What is If ewcastle ? Where situated? Describe its trade. Its population ? What is said of its streets ? 7. What is Yarmouth ? Where situated ? For what is It faijDons ? Its population ? 8. What is Falmovtli? From what does it derive im- portonce ? What is its harbour and traffic ? 9. Name the lai^est manufacturing towns of England. 10. What is the population of filanchester. What ma^ it be called ? What is said of its cotton manufactures t llfhat of its capital? H, For what has Birmingham been long celebrated? Where exported ? What is said of them ? Its populatiofi ? 13. Wheie is Leeds? What may it be considered? D«> scribe its trade. Its population. 18. In what respectti is Sheffield like Birmingham \ F«r what is it noted ? Its poi ulation ? 14. What if Norwich? For what distinguished ? How inany churches does it contain ? Its population ? 15. What is said of the remaining manufacturing towntf 10. For what is Stockport famous ? Name the placet famous for cotton goods. What places are famous for inm ^oods? 17. What places for silks ? What for woollen clothit What for stockings? What fbr carpets ? ire for >r liiicii On what grland? it in the fttion 7 / hat is its * Its po- iscribe its lets? or what is eichre im* England, ^hatmay icturest lebratedf )uIatio8 1 M? D«> i1 For t How townt^f [e placet foritaa cloth*! FOR CH1LDRBN« 18. What does Carlisle manu&cture ? What tiridporf ■Dd Plymouth ? What Kendal ? 10. What places arc famous for china and earthen* warei What for hicel What for shoes ? What for linen doth? CHAP. X. ENGLAND CONTINUED. m^- 1- The chief dock-yards for the navy i^re Portsmouth^ Plymouth, Chat'-ham, Sbeer- ness'^ *Woolwich, and Deptford. 2. The principal rivers are the Thames, the Seyern, the Trent, the Hurabfi^^f the Mersey, the Tyne, and the MedwAy. 3. The principal towns on the Thames are Reading, London, Deptford, Wool wich, ]:Greenwich and Gravegend. 4. The principal towns on the Severn areShrewsbury, Worcester, and Gloucester. —On the Humber is Hull. — On the Trent are Burton, Nottingham, Newark, and Gainsborough. 5. On the Mersey are Stockport, War- rington, and Liverpool. — On the Tyne are Newcastle, N. and S. Shields, and Tyne- mouth. — On the Med way are Tunbridge^ Maidstone, and Rochester. p * Woor-idge. t On the junction of the Trent and the Ooi^^ thcf'te* come the Uumber. t Qrin-idge. 40 JOHN guy's GCOGRAPirr 6. The principal lakes of England ar (Jlswat;er, in Cumberland, and Windermere in Westmoreland ; both much admired foi their beautiful and romantic scenery. 7. The inland watering-places most fre- quented on account of their medicinal springs, are Bath, Cheltenham, Tunbridge, Leamington, and Harrowgate. 8. Of these Bath is entitled to particular notice, both from the great repute of its hot springs, and from its being considered the most beautiful city in England. It is a fashionable resort of the nobility and gen- try, and the constant residence of many wealthy families. The houses are built of a beautiful white stone, and have a very elegant appearance. Its population is about 54,000. ■ 9. The places of greatest resoift in the summer season, for sea-bathing, are Brigh- ton, Margate, Ramsgate, Scarborough, and Weymouth. 10. Of these Brighton is the most consi- derable. This elegant town about 80 years ago was chiefly inhabited by fishermen, but it is now a most beautiful place, con- taining nearly 50,000 inhabitants. Its rapid rise was, in a considerable degree, owing^ tc the patronage of George IV"., with whom it was a favourite summer rc^fiidence. ^ i U- id ar nner6r red fot ist fre- dicinal bridge, ticular its hot red the It is a id gen- many 3uilt of a very ion if in the Brigh- rhy and consi- ) years ermeny con- Its legree, IV., immer FOR CHILDREN. 41 11. England contains two archbishop- rics, namely, Canterbury and York ; under these are twenty-four bishoprics, including the four Welsh. 12. The Universities of England are Oxford, Cambridge, London, King's Col- lege, and Durham. Of these Or ford is the largest, and distinguished for its anti- quity and classical learning; Cambridge is mmous for the mathematics. The other three are modern institutions. 13. The laws of the country are made by the three estates iu Parliament, consisting of the Queen, the Peers, and 658 Membersr of the House of Commons. 14. The principal islands belonging to England, are the Isle of Wight> the Isle of Man, and the Scilly Islands; also Jersey, Guernsey, Aldemey, and Sark, on the coast of France. 7%e Countiea of England alphabetical^ arrmiffed with their chi^ towns. *15 Bedfordshire . Bedford,Wobum,&Pan8table. Berkshire . • Reading, Abingdon, Windsor. Baddnghamsliire . Buckingham, Aylesbury, Wy- combe. Cambridgeshire • Cambridge, Ely, Je^market. * By putting the above in the form of questions, thm^ pvpil will proceed with pleasure, thus:— What are im^, cUef towns 'of Bedfordshire? Of Buckinghamshire? &e^ B 2 r . 43 Cheshire Cornwall . Cumberland Derbyshire Devonshire Dorsetshire Durham JOHN guy's geography Chester, Stockport, Maccle»- field. Launceston, Truro, Falmouth. Carlisle, Whitehaven, Cocker* mouth. Derby, Chesterfield, Ashboum, Exeter, Plymouth, Devonport. Dorchester, Poole, Weymouth. Durham, Sunderland, South Shields. Chelmsford, Colchester, Har- wich. Gloucester, '^Bristol, Chelten- ham. Winchester, Portsmouth, Southampton. Hereford, Leominster, Ross. Hertford, St. Albans, Koyston, Huntingdonshire • Huntingdon, St, Neots, St. Ives. Kent • . Maidstone, Canterbury, Green- wich, Woplwicha Chatham^ Margate. I^ancaster, Manchester, Liver- pool, Bolton, Preston, Old- ham. Leicester, Loiighborough, Mel- ton Mowbray. Lincoli^ Bostoi), Gr^tham. LONDON,Uzbridge,Brentford Monmouth, Chepstow. Nottinghamshire . Nottingham, Mansfield, New« ark. Essex Gloucestershire Hampshire . Herefordshire Hertfordshire liancashire lidcestershire Lincolnshire Middlesex . Monmouthshire * A par* )f Bristol is in Sonversetshir* , [acclev mouth. [Rocker • [iboiim. onport. ^mouth. , South r, Har- [Ihelten- ith, Ross. U)ysto&, Stives. , Green- lathaniy ', Liver- )n, OM- ;h,Mel« thani. ■en^ord I, New- FOR CHrLORBN. 4t Norfolk . Norwich, Yttmouth, Lynn. Northamptonshire Northampton, Peterborough. NorthumDerhind . Newcastle, Morpeth, North Shialds. . Oxford, Banbury, Woodstock . Oakham, Uppingham. . Shrewsbury, bridgnorth, Lud- low. . Wells, Bath, Taunton. . Stafford,Wolverhampton9Lich« field. . Guildford, Southwark, Croy- don. . Ipdwich, Bury St. Edmund's, Woodbridge. • Chichester. Brighton, Hast- ings. . Warwick, Birmingham, Co- ventry. . Apples Kendal. . SaMsbury, Bradford, WUtut two millions and a half; The inhabitaQts are very tem- perate in their diet, of robust and healthy constitutions, brave, and enterprising. 10. The Universities of ScoUand have freatly tended to raise the character of the cots for learning. Amongst the humbler classes, education is common, and crime less frequent, than in any other part of the United Kingdom. 11. £d'-in-burgh, the capital, is consi- dered one of the handsomest cities in Eu- rope, contelningnearly 170,000 inhabitants. Its University is celebrated throughout the world, and its medical school, in particular, is entitled to the first rank. 12. The other principal towns of Scot-* land, are Glas'-gow, Ab-er-deen', Dun-dee', Pais'-ley, and Green'-ock. 13. Of these Glas'-gow, from its popula- tion and extensive manufactures, claims particular notice. Like Manchester, itis principal manufacture is cotton, but it is more in the shawl, figured muslin/ and lancy line. Its printed goods bear a high character for elegance and fastness of co- lour. Ks population is 280,000. mardu avour- or ma- iillion« y tern- ealthy [g. I have of the imbler crime of the CODsi- n £a- ftants. ut the cular, Scot^ i-deeV pttlft- liums br, itis it is and higfa^ f co- i ' ,_ FOR OHILORKf. 4? 14, New Ab-er-deen', a considerable port near the mouth of the Dee, is the largest town in the north of Scotland, and carflb»> on an extensive foreign trade. The Dee, and its neighbouring river the Don, abound with exceUent salmon, of which great quantities are sent to London and other {)laces. Its manufactures of linen» wool- en, and cotton, are consi lerable. Its po; pulation is nearly 70,000. 1^. Dun-dee^ which ranks the fourth town of Scotland, is finely situated on the Frith of Tay, and has an excellent harbour. Independent of its carrying on a conside- rable shipping trade, it is extensively en- gaged in manufacturing glass, coarse linen, and canvass. Its population is about 50,000. 16. The manufactures of Pais'-ley are much the same as those of Glasgow, from which place it is only six miles distant. Its popi^ation is about 9(5,000. ' 17. 6reeh'-ock, a thriving port town at the mouth of the Clyde, is chiefly engaged in the New-found' land and herring fish- eries. Its population is about dO,0(M). 18. The Universities of Scotland are Edinburgh^ Glasgow, Aberdeen, and St. Andrews* 10. The lakes of Scotland are^nome- lousi and the scenery about them is higUy^ W 43 JOHN GUY S OEOORAPIIT romantic! among the principal may be named *Loch Ness, Loch Tay, and Loeh Lomond. 20. Scotland contains the loftiest mouiK tains in Great Britain. The highest aire Ben Nevis^ Cairngormy and Ben Lawers^ 21. The principal rivers of Scotland are the Spey, the Dee, the Tay, the Clyde, and the Tweed. 22. The chief islands belonging to Scot- land are the Shet-land, the Ork'-ney, the Heb'-ri-des or Western Isles, and the two islands, Arran and Bute. 23. Scotland breeds immense herds of cattle and sheep, a considerable part of which are driven into England to be fat- tened. The flesh of both is much esteemed for its flavour. 24. The fisheries in the surrounding seas of Scotland are of great national impor- tance* The number of herrings cured and sent to England and other parts is im- mense. The Counties of Scotland with their ^rincij^l Towns. 25. The Northern Counties* Ork'-neys . . Kirk'-wall, Ler'-wick.f Caith'-ness-Biiire . Wick, Thur'-so. ^ Xocb in all eases is sounded like TiOek. t Ler'-ink /J •OR CHILDREN. 4» nay be d Loch mouB^ est aire iwers. ind are Clyde, o Scot- ley, the he two erds of part of be fat- teemed Dgseas impor- ed and is im- neipal ck.t Suth'-er-land -shire Bo88'-43hire Crom'-ar-ty-shire Naim'-shire . fMo-ray-sliire tBanfiT-shire . Ab-er-deen'- shire Iii-ver ness'-shire , Dar'-noch.* Tain, Ding'-wall. Crom'-ar-ty. Nairn. , Elgin. , Banff. , Ab-er-deenV Pe-ter*faead In-ver'ness', Fort George. 26. Midland Counties, Perth'-shire For'-far-shire . §Mearns'-shire Ar-gyle'-shire . Stir^Ung-shire Dum-bar'- ton-shire Glack-man'-nan-shire Clack-man'-nan. Perth, Dun-keld', Crieff. For'-far, Dun-dee', Mont- rose'. Ber^-vie. '"^^ In-ver-a'-ry. Stir'-ling. Dum-bar'-ton. Kin-ross'-shire Fife'-shire . Kin-ross'. . St. Andrew's, Dun-ferm'* line. itilJii:\. !i}-^^'i 27. Southern Counties, Bute Ren'-frew-shire ., «' Lan' -ark-shire Lin'-lith-gow-shire Ed'-in-burgh-shire Both'-say, Lam'-lash. Ren'-frew, Pais'-ley, Grecii ock. Lan'-ark, Glas'-gow. Lin'-lith-gow. ED'-IN-BURGH, Leith Had'-ding-ton-shire . Had'-ding-ton, Dun-bar • Pee'-bles-shire . Pee'-bles. * Dor-nok t Mur'-ray-shire. X Bamf-Bhlre. ^ MairnB<-shire. F so JOHN OUT S GEOORAPIIY ♦Ber'-wick-shire Ayr'-shire . Wig'-ton-shire |Kirk-cud'-bright Dum-fries'-sliire Ser-kirk-shire Roz' -burgh-shire 6reen-law,f Dun^c. Ayr, Kil-mar'-nock, Ii*;: vine. rv^ Wig'-ton, Port Pat'-rick. Kirk-cud'-bright, Castle Doug'-las. Dum-fries', An'-nan, ,^ Ser-kirk. ..^l'^ Jed'-burgh, Kel'-so. . ' 'iff: Exercises on Chap. XI. 1. How is Wales situated ? What counties does it eon tain? 2. Name the six northern Counties and their capitals. 8. Name the six southern Counties and their capitals. 4. Describe Wales. With wha.t does it abound ? De- scribe its soil. In what is it rich ? 5. What is its population ? Describe the Welsh. On what do they pride themselves ? 6. What part of Great Britain does Scotland occupy ? How divided from England ? How many counties does it contain? , vr i•?^:-^^•:^«; 7. When was it united to England ? How many Peers and Commoners does it send to Parliament ? 8. Describe Scotland. Its climate. The districts to- wards the south. 9. What is its population? The character of its inha- bitants? 10. What have the Universities of Scotland tended to do? What are the effects produced by education? 11. What is Edinburgh ? Its population ? What is the character of its University ? 12. What are the other principal towns of Scotland? 13. Why docs Glasgow claim particular notice ? Wha« does it manufacture ? What is said of its printed goods ? Its population? * Ber-rick t Gren'-law. t Kfrk-coo -brt'. o^- t "r A FOR CHILDRflit. 51 ;.l?,-,. -rick, "i lastle ; ^«- MU '■ )es it con capitals, capitals. d? De- Ish. On occupy ? !S does it ny PeerD riots to- its inha- ended to at 19 the land? \f : ? Wha< I goods Y a 14. Whet ?fl New Aberdeen? What is its trade ? What do the Dee and Don abound with? Where sent? What does it manufketure? Its population ? 15. How does Dundee rank? Where situated? What does it manufacture ? Its population ? 16. What are the manufactures of Paisley ? How far distant from Olao^ow ? lis population t 17. What is Greenock? Its situation? In what en^ gaged ? Its population 1 18' What are the Universities of Scotland ? 19. What is said of the lakes of Scotland? Name tlie principal. 20. What is said of the mountai is of Scotland ? Name the highest. 21. What are the principal rive \ of Scotland? - 22. What are the principal ialai Js? ^ 23. What is sai ' " *he cattle c£ sheep of Scotland ? ' 24. What is sa i > he fisheries? What is immense? 25. What are i..^. i^r incipal towns of the Orkneys ? Of Caithness-shire? Of SutlierlandHhire ? Of Ross-shire? Of Cromartyshire ? Of Nairnshire? Of Morayshire ? Of Banffshire? Of Aberdeenshire ? Of Inverness-shire ? 26. What are the principal towns of Perthshire ? Of Forfarsli ire ? Of Mearnsshire ? Of Argy leshire ? Of S tir- lingshire ? Of Dumbartonshire ? Of Clackmannanshire I Of Kinniss-shire ? Of Fifeshire ? 27. What are the principal towns of Bute ? Of Renfrew shire? Of Lanarkshire ? Of Linlithgowshire ? Of Edin- burghshire? Of Haddingtonshire? Of Peeblesshire? Of Berwickshire ? Of Ayrshire ? Of Wigtonshire ? Of Kirkcudbrightshire ? Of Dumfriesshire ? Of Selkirkshire ? Qf Roxburghshire 7 .* .^ .; —-r - -- / CHAP, XII. IRELAND. 1. Ire'-land is a considerable Island to tbe west of England, and separated from 5*2 JOHN guy's CEOGRAPUY it by the Irish Sea, It is divided into four; provinces, Leinster in the east, Munster in the south. Con .ught in the west, and Ulster in the nor ; these are subdivided into 32 counties. *^l 2. The climate of Ireland is mi'iu and moist, and the soil remarkably fertile ; it is frequently called the Green Island, from the richness of its vegetation. It exports large quantities of grain, live stock, butter, salted beef, pork^ and linen, to il^ngland. ^ 3. The population is nearly eight mil- lions^ and the inhabUants are hardy, ac- tive, and brave ; the lower classes however are, in general, ignorant and superstitious, and in a wrstched state of poverty ^^ ^ 4. Dub'-lin, the capital, is a large and handsome city, divided into nearly two equal parts by the river Lif-fey, with iioble quays on both sides. It has to boast of some fine public buildings, and its foreign trade is considerable. Its population in 1831 was 260,000. "^ 5. The other principal towns of Ireland are Cork, Lim'-er-ick, Bel-fast', and Wa'- ter-fbrd. -^.s-mm^ 6. Cork ranks next to Dublin in popu- lation and trade. It stands on an islana in the river Lee, over which there are ^ve bridges to the suburbs. Its exports are extensive, and consist chiefly of beef, pork, I] \ i i if. roR CHILDREN. '■■«<>. da to four unster it, and ivided lu and 3; it is , from sports gutter, and. it mil- y, ac- 'wever itiousy e and two iioble ast of )reign on in eland Wa'. )opu- slanct s are pork, II i \ I butter, and other produce of the count/y. Its population is "^106,000. ^7. Lim'-er-ick formerly ranked the se- cond town in Ireland, but it is now sur- passed by Cork. It is situated upon the noble river Shannon, and besides having a considerable export trade, it is exten- sively engaged in manufacturing linen and woollen goods. Its population is 66,000. 8. Bel-fast' is one of the most commer- cial towns of Ireland, and carries on a considerable manufacture of cotton, linen, glass, and earthenware. It is also exten- sively eng&ged in exporting provisions. Its population is 50,000. 9. Wa'-ter-ford possesses an excellent harbour, and its commerce is very consi- derable. It is the station whence the packet boats sail for Milford Haven. Its exports are chieily in the provision line. Its population is 29,000. 10. The principal rivers of Ireland are the Shannon, the Liffey, the Boyne, and the Blackwater. 11. The lakes of Ireland are numerous, and abound with fish. The principal are Lake Neigh, Lake Erne, and Iiake Kil-lar^ ney ; the last of which is celebrated for its romantic scenery* • All the populations of Ireland are from the ^^■'** of 1881, and no doubt now considerably with: 'lit number« F 2 *ifj ^ JOHN dUT's OBOGRAPHY t ; Idii Ireland was united to England in 1801, and is governed by a Viceroy or Lord Lieutenant, who represents the Eng- lish Sovereign. It s'. Is 21 Peers and 100 Commoners to the Ir serial Parli^»inent. 13. The established Religion of Ireland is the Protestant, but about four-fifths of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. The Counties qf Ireland toith the princijpal Towns, The Pynvince ofLeinsteri 14. DuV-lm Louth Wick'-low i f ^ 15. Wex'-ford . Long'-ford East-Meath West-Meath King's County Queen's County Kil-ken-ny . Ka-dare' . Car'-low ^ Dub -lin. . Drog-he-da,* , . Wick'-low. .^ . Wex'-ford. . Long'-ford, .^ ^. . Trim. '^^ . MuWm-gat^. : . Phil'-ips-towu.* ^ • Mar'-y-bo-rougii. . Kil-ken'-ny, . Kil-dare\ . Car-low. V ti^ ■M'' :'V"'t Clare Cork Ker'-ry * Lim'-er-ick Tip-per-a'-ry Wa'-ter-ford The Province of Munster, ^ ♦: . En'-nis. 'J •^■f i. -'4 -.1 'tJ-^jt ^.t:^'-^^yc m4>^uh ;* . Cork. . Tra-lee . . Lim'-er-ick. . •Clon'-mei. . Wa-ter-fbrd. v;**^ ♦*-. • Draw'-e-da. . . ia La » ; 1 5i .^'i. ^'M\ . -in md in •oy or > £ng- idlOO ent. reland ths of s. pal I \' \ •■■! HS :^ t) » ■0' > * # ■ n. Vi' frOR CHILDRBl^. The Pr&vinee o/CannaughL ^ Lei'^trim Bos-com'-mon Oal'-way ♦Lci'-trim. Ros-com'-mon. Cas- tie-bar'. Sli'-go. Gal'-way. The Province of Ulster, Down fAr-magh' Mon'-ag-han -Cav'-an Lon'-don-der-ry An'-trim Ty-rone' Fer-ma'-nagh Don'-e-gal Down-pat'-rick. Ar-magh'. Mon'-ag-hah. Cav'-an. Der'-ry. Car-rick-fer'-gHBi 0-magh'. En-nis-kilMen. Lif-fbrd. ^^ ExERCiSBs ON Chap. XII. 1. What is Ireland ? How separated from England T How diyided ? How subdivided ? 3. Describe its climate. Soil. What is it frequently called ? Why 7 What are its exports ? 8. What is its population ? What is tbs character of its inhabitants ? Of the lower classes 1 4. What is Dublin ? By what divided ? Its bmldings ? Its foreign trade ? Its population t ^. 6. What are the other principal towns of Irel^d? 6. In what does Cork rank next to Dublin t How situated ? What are its exports ? Its population ? 7. How did Limerick formerly rank ? By what town is it surpassed ? What is its situation X Its trade ? Its manufactures? Its population ? Loe'-t)rim. ir-mah'. 06 yoHN guy's geography 8. What if Belfast ? Its manufactures? Its exports t Its population ? 9. What is said of Waterford Y Its exports ? Its po* pnlation ? 10. Name the principal rivers of Ireland. 11. Name the principal lakes of Ireland. With what lo they abound ? Which is celebrated for its scenery f 12. When was Ireland united to England? How if it governed ? How many Peers does it send to Parliament ? How many Commoners ? 13. What is the established religion? What proportion • ttre Roman Catholics ? 14. What is the county town of Dublin ? Of Louth f Of Wicklow ? &c. 15. What is the county town of Clare ? &c. - ' ■; »^ 16. What is the county town of Leitrim? &c. ? J- v 17. WL!»^ is the county town of Down ? &c. ^ ' v • t CHAP. XIII. -la ..::r .^. SPAIN. .-^:::::: '> ;■ . 1. Spain, an extensive country in the west of Europe, occupies a commanding situation for commerce. It is divided into 14 districts or provinces. 2. The climate of Spain is various ; in the north it is mild, but in the south it is warm and unhealthy. Near the sea the soil is fruitful, but the country is in general tery indifferently cultivated. 3. The Spaniards are considered a grave and haughty people, possessing elevated notions of honour ; but they are indolent ■:;X FOR CHILDHBK. 37 I ezporti t \ Its po* ntb what^ enery t How is it rliament t )roportioii • )f Loath t ... '.--.J "»■ 1. "-tf . •-- , ■•.■'< '■'':-;•--■' yCL .■>q--:M<" ill in the anding^ id into ^ us ; in * h it ist ea tbor :eneral grave jvated dolent.^ and revengeful. Their religion is the Ro- man Catholic, and no other is tolerated. 4. The population of Spain is about 14 millions. Ma-drid'» the capital, is a fine city, containing 150,000 inhabitants. ^ 5. The other principal towns of Spain are Bar-ce-lo'-na, Se-ville', Gran'-a-da, Mar>a-ga^ and Cad'-iz. 6. The chief rivers of Spain are the Ta'- gus, the Dou'-ro, the E'-bro, and the Gua- dal-quiv'-ir. 7. On the south of Spain^ on an immense rock, at the entrance of the Med-i-ter-ra'- ne-an, stands Gib-rar-tar, which has been in the possession of the English since 1704. This place is considered impregnable, and in time of war is of great importance. ^ ^ * PORTUGAL. 8. Por'-tu-gal is a small kingdom on the west of Spain* and the most westerly country of Euro^$«>« It is divided into six provinces. 9. Portugal, in climate and soil, is much the same as Spain ; its chief production is wine, the greatest part of which is exported to the British Isles. Port wine takes its name from O-por^-to, a considerable town in this country. 10. The Portuguese, for the most part, are a robust people, swarthy in their com- 58 JOHN OUY*S GEOGRAPHY plexion^ with dark hair and eyes. The peasantry are generally very poor, living in wretched huts, almost without furniture, and their diet chiefly coarse bread and garlic. Begging is very common. 11. Lisbon, the capital, was nearly de« stroyed by an earthquake in 1755, but it has since been rebuilt in an elegant man- ner, and is one of the finest ports in Eu- rope . The population of Portugal is about three millions and a half. ^ 12. The principal rivers of Portugal are the Ta'-gus, the Dou'-ro, and the Guad- i-a'-na. * 'jlr4 i-j^^'x ITALY. 13. It'-a-ly is a large Pen-in'-su-la, nearly in the form of a boot, stretching out into the Med-i-ter-ra'-ne-an Sea, and pos- sessing one of the finest climates in Europe* *^14. It'-a-ly, when united under the Ro- mans, governed the greatest part of the known world ; it now consists of eleven divisions; the principal of which are, the States of the Pope; the States of the King- dom of Sar-din'-i-a ; Aus'-tri-an Jt'-a-lyj and the Kingdom of Na'-ples. ^ 15. Rome, the capital of the States of the Pope, was once the largest^ and the most powerful city in the world. It is still a rich and beautiful place^ containing soma «', FOR CHILDREN. 59 The ingin liture, 1 and ly de^ but it ; man- n £u- about :al are Gruad^ ■ .. ^"^^ sulal ig out 1 pos- irope. B Ro- lf the jlevea e, the King, -a-ly; tes of d the sstiU some. ^H? of the most splendid monuments of an^ cient ^architecture and sculpture. The church of St. Peter is the largest iu the ivorld. 16. The population of the whole of Italy is about 17 millions. The It-al'-i-ans are a discreet and polite people, but extremely effeminate. They excel in the fine arts, especially in painting and music. 17. In this country are situated the two remarkable vol-ca'-noes, or burning moun- tains^ Ve-su'-vi-us and £t'-na — the former near Naples, the latter in Si'-ci-ly, an Island separated from Italy by the Strait of fMes-si'-na. Etna is the most cele brated volcano in the worlds the circuit of its base being 180 miles. 18. The States of the Pope are of small extent, containing not more than two mil- lions and a half of inhabitants. Rome may be considered as the centre of the Catholic church : in it is the Vatican, the chief re- sidence of the Pope; this building contains 4000 apartments. 19. The K'Tigdom of Sar-din'-i-a, com- ?rehending Fied'-mont, Sa-voy', and the sland of Sar-din'-i-a, has a po^jUlation of about f<>ur millions and a half. Tu-rinV in Piedmowt, is the capital. {i ^^. Aus'-tri-an It'-a-ly comprises the i^i*i. . ? Ar'-ke-tek-tshure. t Mes-sce'-na. 'N. 00 JOHN 0UY*8 OEOGRAPHV Dachies if Mil'-an and Man'-tu-a, and the territory oi Ven'-ice. Mil'-an is the capital. 21. The Kingdom of Naples compre*- iicnds the southern part of Italy, and the Island of Si'-ci-ly, the most fertile spot of ground in Europe. The population is more than seyen millions. Naples, the capital, is a most beautiful city, containing four hundred thousand inhabitants. 22. The principal rivers of Italy are the Po, the Ar'-no, the Ti'-ber, and the Var. EZ.EKCISBS ON Chap. XIII* 1. What is Spain r How situated t How divided ? 2. Describe the climate. The soil. How is it culti<* vated ? 3. Wliat is the character of the Spaplardi T What is their religion? 4. What is the population of Spain? What is Madrid? Its population 7 ft. What are the other principal towns of Spain? 6. What are the chief rivers of Spain? 7. Where is Gibraltar 1 When did it come into our possession ? What is it In time of war ? 8. What is Portugal ? Where situated? Row divided ! 9. What is Portugal at It respects climate and loil? Its chief production ? Where exported i From what does Port wine take its name? 10. Describe the Portuguese. Whet te the tltnaiion of the peasantry ? 11. How was Lisbon nearly destroyed? When? How has it been rebuilt ? What is the population of Portugal t 1 2. What are the principal rivers of Portugal 1 13. What is Italy ? Its form ? Its climate t 14. What was the situation of Italy under the RonMii? Of how many divisions docs it now consist? Name the principal states. POR CHILDRBN. 01 of Hov kugalt ••f 1 16. What wu Rome onee 1 What it it now t Whst it contain f Deicribe St. Peter^f. 16. What It the population of Italy t Tht characttr of the Italiant f In what do they excel 1 17. What remarkable volcanoet are situated In and near Italy 7 Where it Vesuviat tituated ? Where £tna ? Oeteribe it. 18. What are the Statet of the Pope t Their popula- tion t What may Rome be contideredf Where it tha Vatican 1 How many apartmentt 4be« it contain? 10. What doet the Kingdom of Sardinia comprehend ? Ttt population ? Itt capital f 90. What doet Auttrian Italy compritet What it iti capital? SI. What doet the Kingdom of Naplet comprehend? What it Sicily? What it the population of the whole kingdom ? iJetcribe Naplet, the capitaL What it iii pqsulation ? 23. Wliat are the principal riyerg of Italy! CllAP. XIV. TURKEY IN EUROPE. 1. The Empire of Tui^-key is of gtmt extent^ comprising large countries in Eu- rope and Asia. 2. The population of Turkey in Europe is nearly ten millions^ its climate particur larly fine and healthy^ and its soil rich The most delicious fruits are produced here in the greatest perfection. 3. Gon-stan-ti-no'-ple, the capital, is one of the largest cities in Europe, containing four hundred thousand inhabitants* It it JOHN OUY*S GEOGRAPHY beautiAiUy situated between the Sea of Mar-mo'-ra, and the Black Sea. '^ 4. The Turks appear completely distinct from the other inhabitants of Europe ; the men, instead of the close dress of the £u- ro-pe'-ans, wear loose robes, and turbans instead t>f hats ; they also dififer in their religion, being followers of Ma-hom'-et. 5. Although Turkey abounds with na- tural advantages, yet owing to the des- potism"" of its government, and the baneful influence of the Ma-hom'-e-tan religion, it cannot be considered a great nation. 6. Most of the Islands belonging to Turkey have been annexed to Greece; the principal one it still retains is Can'-di-a^ a fertile Island in the Med-i-ter-ra'-ne-an Sea, anciently called Crete. 7. The other principal towns of Tur'-key are Ad-ri-an-o'-ple, Sal-o-ni'-ca, and So- phi'-a. 8. The principal rivers of Tur'-key are the Dan'-ube, the Save, and the Pruth. GREECE. l-SiW. 9. Greece, the celebrated country of the ancient world, is a Pen-in'-su-la to the * The government is under the Grand Seignor, whose win is the law of the land, and who disposes of the pro- perty at well as the lives of his subjects, ot pleasure. ■": I m Sea of listinct le; the he £u- urbans a their -et. ith na- le des- )aneful ^ion, it I. jng to ce; the -di-a, a %n Sea, FOR CHILDREN. south of Turkey. Its population is about ^ million. 10. Greece was long in a state of op- pressive bondage to the Turks, but re- cently, by its own bravery, and the support of the great Christian powers, it has esta- blished its independence as the Kingdom of Greece. 11. Ath'-ens, formerly one of the most celebrated cities of antiquity, and the birth-place of orators, sages, and generals^ is chosen as the new capital ; it is still a considerable place, and contains the ruins of ancient temples and other splendid buildings. ,4* ■■?<'!. ... ^Aji *;» W< ,%S', ^-E*'' Exercises on Chap. XIY. ur'-key id So- ey are uth. itry of , to the or, whose r the pro- tire. ^, 1. What is the Emphre of Turkey? What does it com- prise? 2. What is the popolation of Turkey in Europe ? What its climate? Its soil? Its productions? 3. What is Constantinople? Its population t Its situa- tion? 4. How are the Turks distinct firom the other inhabi- tants of Europe ? What is their religion? 5. In what does Turkey abound ? Why is it not a great nation ? ?, 6. To what state have most of the Turkey Islands bees annexejd ^ Describe Candia. v^ 7. What are the other principal towns of Turkey ? 8. What are the principal rivers of Turkey ? 0^ 9. What is Greece ? Its population ? ».v 10. To whom was Greece in bondage ? By what meant did it become independent ? 11. What is the new capital of Greece? Describe k 64 JOHN guy's geography GENERAL VIEW OF EUROPE. Statcf. Capitals. Popalation in Millions Religion. Sweden . . . Stockholm • . 3 Lutheran Norway . . . Christiana . . 1 Lutheran Denmark . . Copenhagen . . 2 Lutheran Russia . • • Petersburg . . 62 Greek Church France . • • Paris . . . . 33 Catholic ,, <, Baxony . . . Dresden . . . 2 Lutheran ^ 4 Hanover . * Hanover • , . . H Lutheran ,^; Bavaria . . Munich . . . 6 Catholic ^^* Wirtembeiie; . Stutgard . . . . H Lutheran Prussia . . • Berlin . . . . 13 Lutheran . Austria . . • Vienna . . . 33 Catholic * Switzerland . Berne • . , . 2 Prot.andCath. Holland . . • Amsterdam^ . . 2i Protestant Belgium . . . Brussel9 *" . . 4 Catholic :. England. . . ■London . . . 15 Protestant *., Scotland • • J^inburgh . . 2i Protestant ■ Ireland . .i .• Dtublin . . . 8 Catb.andPrdt. Spain # . . Ifadrid . . . U Catholic Portugal . ^ Lisbon . • . . 3i Catholic Italy. . . .^ ttome . . . . 17 Catholic Turkeys. • . Constantinop le . 10 Mahometan Qreece . .. • Athens • . . 1 Greek Church EXBROisES ON THE GENERAL ViEW OF ECROPE. •What is the capital of Sweden? Of Norway? Of Denmark ? &c. &c. What is the population of Sweden ? Of Norway ? Of Denmark? &;c. &c. What is the Religion of Sweden? Of Norway? &c. &c. * By frequently practising the pupils in classes on tJNe above Suiibmary, after the examples given, its contents will be fixed on the memory. ^ ' U'gion. '■"^^-, B on the Bonteuts ^ . ''\ ■**•<»ci'-fic Ocean^ on the south by the In'-di-an Ocean^ on the west by Europe, the Med-vter-ra'-ne-an, and the Red Sea. ' 2. Asia is the most populous of the four ;great dlvisions^f the vvorld, but it is not of so great ei^tat as Ameriqa,^ 3. In Asia^ui first parents were created, in it also Oub RIidbemeii^ Jbsus Christ was bom, and it was the scene in which he laboured to reform and save the human race. 4. In Asia also was the seat of the As- syr'-i-an, the Bab-y-lo'-ni-an, and Pei'-si- an Empires; in it also almost all the eyenta mentioned in the Sacred Scripture took place. 5. Asia may be consideied as compria- ' Jig ten great divisions, as under: --r-, A-si-af-ic Rus'-si-a. A-si-at'-ic Turnkey. 7# A-ra%bi-a. ^-¥:\-; Per'-si-a. ■■'W' - Af-ghan-is'-tan. o 2 ; JOHN GUYS GEOGRAPHY Independent Tar'-ta-ry. Hin-dos'-tan. The Bir'-man Empire. Chi'-na. Ja- pan'. '',_ - ASIATIC RUSSIA. d .<... €■-■• !*:..■» '■■-■ < >.5I '.. -•!!.''■ -.... . <■■*■-» _ ■ ■ ■. .>'0!.^-»-'»i ?.| (' t'l! D. A-8I-at'-ic Rus'-si-a is a country of great extent, occupying the whole of the northern part of Asia; it consists chiefly of two parts, Si-be'-ri-a, and the countries bordering on the Caspian Sea. x 7. Si-be'-ri-a in the north is extremely cold and barren, and its chief productions are skins and furs : towards the south it becomes more fertile. It is in a great measure peopled by exiles from £u-ro-pe'- an Russia. 8. The chief countries bordering on the €as'-pi-an Sea are As-tra-chan', Geor'-gi-a and Cir-caa'-si-a. The Cir-cas'-si-ans are celebrated for their bravery^and the females for their beauty. 9. Although Asiatic Russia is of so great extent, it is supposed not to contain more than seven millions of inhabitants.' ASIATIC TURKEY. M. 10. A-si-at'-ic Tur'-key is a country of considerable extent, bounded on the west r .«■ _ ';■;■. -0 5-1^5 mtry of of the liefly of mntries treinely uctions }outh it great ro-pe'- t on the or'-gi-a ins are emales great 1 more - 1 POR CHILDRI!!, 67 by the Med-i-ter-ra'-ne-an Sea, on the east by Persia, and on the south by Ar-a'-bi-a. 11. This conntry comprehends many ex- tensive provinces which were once king- doms. The principal cities are Smyi^-na, Da-mas'-cus, A-lep'po, Je-ru'-sa-lem', and Bag'-dad."'' Its population is about 13 millions. 12. Je-m'-sa-lem is still a considerabla city, in its vicinity is Mount Cal-va-ryi on which our Saviour suffered. 13. Tne most eel brated mountains in A *:%- ;v- ^^:>1'\- '4 "''■:MJl" ftV , ' '* if'!? ,■ .1 '•Ji^ .if f- ■>■*. ( They are also dis- tinguished for their {piteness and bospita- £ty. They manufac^ilB silks, carpets, gold and silver lace, a]i|f^ porcelain, in great ire the )dnce8 red su- POR CRlLOmN. 7) perfection. The population ii about 11 millions. AFGHANISTAN. a-cens the in- ts lead 3ted to e pro- Lgainst igainst iountry > seven Te-he- in', tho re bar- e, pro- ; sheep eir fla- ome ol people o dis- >spita- ,gold great ^ &. Af-ghan-is'-tan is a considerable kingdom, comprehending a part of Persia, the north-west part of Hin-dos'-tan and a part of Tar^-ta-ry. It is sometimes called Eastern Persia, and sometimes the King dom of Ca-bur. 10. The Af -ghans are a brave people, and have made considerable progress in agriculture and the useful arts. They are fond of the chase, but addicted to plun- der. The population is about 14 millions. ti..: INDEPENDENT TABTARY. 11. Independent Tar'-ta-ry, a large tract of land to th^ west of the Chinese empire, principally consists of an immense plain, in which cattle and horses are reared in very great numbers. It is thinly in- habited, and not much known. Sa-mai^ cand' is the capital. .12. The population of this extensive dis- trict is chiefly composed of various inde- pendent wandering tribes, who rove abou^ in great bodies, with their cattle, in seard of pasture. JOHN ainr't oboohaphy IxiKciiat OM Obav. xvi. 1. What it Arabiat How iltuated? How Mparaloil from Africa T To what it tlie northern part tubjeott Among whom it the other part diYided 1 9. How it Arabia divided? lU population ? 8. Where are Mecca and Medina litaatedl What took plaoe in the former T What it there in the latter 1 4. For what it Arabia celebrated 7 What here attain great perfection 1 What doee it produce t 6. What are the Arabiant t i>etcribe the inhabitantt of the Interior Y 6. What it Penia 1 What are itt chief townt ? 7. Deicribethe northern parte of Pertia. Thetouthem. Detcribe the theep. 8. Deicribe the Pertiant. What do they manufacture t Itt population 7 9. What it Afghanistan 7 What doet it comprehend 1 What it it tometimet called ? IQ. Detcribe the A%hant. Of what are they fond 7 To what addicted 7 Itt population 1 11. Detcribe Independent Tartary. What it itt capital 7 19. Of what it the population competed? How em- ployed? CHAP. XVII. HIND08TAN OR INDIA. 1. HiN-Dos'-TAN is a ooantry of very great extent, containing 140 millions of in- abitants, the greater part of whom ar^p subject to Great Britain. 2. Hin-dos'-tan, in its present state, may be divided into the territories ruled by Britain, into those ruled by princes under British influence, and those which still r^ tain their independence. 4)^ FOR CHILDREN. n D. The part immediately subject to Greav Britain comprises three presidencies, Cal- cQt'-ta, Bom-bay', and Ma-dras'. 4. Cal-cut'-ta, the capital of British In'- di-a^ is a large and handsome city, situated on a branch of the Gan'-ges. The build- ings belonging to Government and to wealthy individuals, are extremely splen- did. It contains nearly a million of inha- bitants. 5. Hin-dos'-tan is in general a flat coun- try, with ranges of hills ; towards the soudi the climate is very hot ; the soil in some parts is so fertile, that it produces two crops a jrear. 6. British India is governed by the East India Company, who draw immense reve- nues from it ; but they have to maintain a large standing army, chiefly composed of natives, called Sepoys^ commanded by European officers. 7. The productions of India are various, consistiiig of diamonds, rubies, and other precious stones ; also rice> sugar, indigo, opium, and drugs, in great abundance. 9. The Hin-doos' are in complexion a dark olive, approaching to black ; small and elegant in their forms and features; they are divided into castes, worshipping a variety of divinities. 9. The principal rivers are the In'-dua 74 ;OHN guy's OBOORAPHY the Gan'-gesy and the Bur-ram-poo'-ters all rising in Thibet. BIRMAN EMPIRB. r^Sa* 10. The Bir^-manEmpireis an extensive country to the south-west of Chi'-na, and comprises the kingdoms of Bir^-mah, A'-va, and Pe-gu'. Its population is supposed to be about 17 millions. 11. The productions of this country are much the same as those of Hin-dos'-tan. The teak tree here comes to great perfection, and is supposed superior to the oak for ship^ building. The forests abound with tigers. SIAM. *i<^'v*?>if ■ 12. Si'-AM is a flat country, between two ranges of mountains, ai d intersected by the river Me'-i-nam. It contains about eight millions of inhabitants, and is famous for the size and beauty of its elephants. ^^^ TONQUIN. 13. *Ton-quin', a large territory, for- merly subject to Chi'^na, but now an in- dependent state, comprises Ton-quin', fCochin China, and La'-os. It is said to contain more than twenty millions of inha- bitants* MALACCA. ' " 14. Ma-lac'-ca is a peninsula bounded * Ton-^een. * Cot-ghfn. V*- y-ter, •*. ' msive I, and A'-va, sed to ry are I. The action, r ship- tigers. m two ;ed by about imous LtS. S lor- lan in- quin', laid to inha- mded FOR CHILDREN. 76 oy the Bay of Ben-gal' on the west. Its inhabitants, the Ma-lays', are a fierce and barbarous people. ExBRcisBS ON Chap. XVII. 1^^, . i " — — • . i 1. WhatisHindostant Its Inhabitants? To whom Sul^ect? -: \; J j;V -. 2. How may Hindostan be divided ? 3. What does that part subject to Great Britain com- prise? «. Describe Calcutta. Wliere situated ? Its buildings T Its population ? 5. Describe Hindostan. Its climate. Its soil. •< 6. How is it governed:? What are drawn from it? Of What is the army composed ? . i 7. What are the productions of Hindostan ? 8. Describe the Hindoos. How divided ? What do they worship? O 9. What are the principal rivers? Where do they rise! 10. What is the Birman Empire? What does it com- prise? Its population? 11. What are its productions ? Describe the teak treet With what do the forests abound? 12. WhatisSiamI How intersected? Its population 1 For what famous ? 13. What is Tonquhi ? Wh^t does its comprise ? Its ' population? 14. What is Malacca? How bounded? Describe the Malays. . . -^ 0. haTH I ; CHAP. XVIII. CHINESE EMPIRE. 1. The Empire of Chi'na comprises ter« ritories of vast extent, bounded e the Im- n of Pe- By whom ofprinces ho istfhe Of what :ir heighf s Jedilo f i! 13. Describe Japan 7 With what nations has It inter- course 1 Its population ? 13. Descrita the Japanese. Whom do they surpass What do they esteem ? Their religion ? ;*^"i CHAP. XIX. ORIENTAL ISLANDS. 1. The Islands to the south-east of Asia are classed in three grand divisions : East- ern *Ar-chi-per-a-go, Aus-tral-a'-si-a, and Pol-y-ne'-si-a. The last two are by some considered a fifth division of the globe. EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO. 2. The principal of the Islands consti- tuting the Eastern Ar-chi-pel'-a-go are Cey-lon',Su-ma'-tra,Ja'-va,Bor'-ne-o, Cel'- e-bes, and the Phil'-ip-pines. 3. Cey-lon', a considerable island be- longing to the British^ lies to the south of Hin-dos'-tan. The soil is rich and fertile, producing cinnamon and pepper in great perfection . It is noted for its fine elephants. 4. Su-ma'-tra is a large island, separated from Asia by the Strait of Ma-lac'-ca. Its inhabitants are very warlike, but ferocious, and in the interior they are supposed to be cannibals, that is, eaters of human flesh. Its population is about four millions. 5. Ja'-va is not solarge as Su-ma'-tra,but * Ar-ke-pel'-a-go. '^ ,.jj-r 00 JOHN GUY S GEOGRAPHY much more productive ; it contains about five millions of inhabitants, and is divided into two petty kingdoms. Ithas some noble forests of the teak tree^ and also produces great quantities of rice, sugar, and pepper 6. Bor'-nc-o, the largest island in the world, except Aus-tra'-li-a, is divided into several sitiall kingdoms. The natives are black, and about three millions in number It conte/iis valuable mines of gold and dia- mon'^r. The ourang-outang is a native of the v« ,:ods, 7. Cv' V -bes is a considerable island to the east of Bor'-ne-o, producing cloves and nutmegs abundantly. The Upas tree, which yields the most deadly poison known^ grows here. . * 8. The Phil'-ip-pine Islands are very numerous, and belong to the Spaniards. The largest and the most important of these is Lu-co'-ni-a; the capital, Ma-nil'-la, is a considerable city. ' AUSTRALASIA. 9. Aus-TRAL-A'-siAcom-istsofanumber of islands to the south-east of the £a.aiern Ar-chi-pel'-a-go ; the principal of these are Aus-tra'-ii a, Van Die'-men's Land, New Guin'-ea, and Now Zealand. ? * 10. Aus-tra'-li-a, or New Hol'-land, is the largest island in the world, being equal about livided enoble oduces )epper in the Bd into ires are umber nd dia- tive of and to es and which nown, B very liards. ant of nil'-la, umber a^iern ise are , New id, is equal POR CHILDREN. 81 . in extent to nearly three-fourths of the con- tinent of Europe. Its present population is only about a million, but rapidly increasing. 11. The climate of Aus-tra'-li-a is in ge- neral salubrious ; on the eastern coast are some British settlements in a flourishing state. Syd'-ney is the capital, A new colony is also forming at the Swan River^ on the western coast, 12. The native inhabitants of Australia are black, and are supposed to approach, nearer to the brute condition than any other savage race yet discovered. 13. Van Die'-men sLand lies to the south of Australia, and is separated from it by Bass's Strait. The climate is agreeable, and the soil rich and fertile. Its length is 200 miles, and its breadth 150. The Bri- tish have also established a colony here, which is rapidly rising in importance. — Ho'-bart Town is the capital. 14. New Guin'-ea is a very large island to the north of Australia. It received its name from the great similarity of its inha- bitants to the negroes of Guin'-ea, in Africa. This island, with a number of others adjoining, is inhabited by savage libes. 15. New Zea'-land consists of two con- siderable islands to the south-east of Aus- tralia. Its inhabitants are in a state ol -%- 82 JOHN QUY's OBOGRAPfJt peipetual war among themselves^ and some of them do not scruple to eat the flesh of their enemies, when slain in battle. The Rritish are making strong efibrts to civilize them. POLYNESIA. 10. Po-ly-ne'-si-a, signifying many islands^ is the name given to numerous groups of islands distributed over the Pa- cific Ocean. The principal groups are the La-drone', the *Sandwich, the Friendly, and the Society Islands. 17. The La-drone' Islands are situated on the east of the Phil'-ip-pine ; they are eleven in number, and very fruitful. Gp'- am and Tin''i-an are the principal. 18. The Sand'-wich Islands are eleven in number. The principal one is 0-why-hee', where Captain Cook was killed in 1779. 19. The Friendly Islands are inhabited oy a well-made and courteous race oi people, and the country is well cultivated. 20. The So-ci'-e-ty Islands lie to the east of the Friendly, and are six in number. fO-ta-hei'-te, the principal, is rich and fruitful. ^ Exercises of Chap. XIX. 1 . How are fte islands to the south-east of Asia classed 1 Name tl>e three divisions. 2 What are the principal islands of the Eastern Af^ chipelago ? J \ Sand'-ich. t O-tahee'-te. I ■■itaiMMMMMMMi , and some Q flesh of tie. The to civilize ng many numerous )r the Pa- ps are the Friendly, Q situated 1 they are ful. Gii'^ a. eleven in why-hee', 1 1779. inhabited race oi iltivated. o the east number, rich and Uia classed t Sastern Af^ iee'-to> -Iv iro .•■■J , S-, ' i^v. t; ii.. 4" .-■.«*■- %, ,,.. .-if ■>'■■■;■ '- :.i.-.f. t^?^) >: ■■.■■■^-.;.i m, "Ith H Nartli 8 VOR Cmt.DRBV. 83 on? :.' / t ^^ iU 3. What If Ceylon Y Its soil ? Its productions ? Fof what noted? 4. What is Sumatra T Describe its inhabitants • Its population. 6. Describe Jaya. What is its population f How di- vided 7 Describe its forests. Its productions. 6. What is Borneo ? How divided ? Its pop* Its productions ? 7. What is Celebes T Its procjuctions T De Upas tree. 8. What are the Philippine Islands ? What is I 9. Of what does Australasia consist? What are ttie principal ? 10. . Describe Australia. Its extent. Its population. 11. What is its climate? Describe its different settle- ments. 12. Describe its native inhabitants* 13. What is the situation of Van Dieroen's Land ? Its climate ? Its soil ? Its extent ? Its colony 7 Its capital "t 14. What is New Guinea ? Why so called 7 By what is it inhabited 7 15. Of what does New Zealand consist? Describe the inhabitants. What are the British making 7 16. What is Polynesia 7 What are the principal groups 7 17* Where are the Ladrone Islands 7 Their number 7 The principal 1 18. What is the number of the Sandwich Islands? What took place at Owhyhee 7 19. Describe the inhabitants of the Friendly Islands. 20. What is the situation of the Society Islands 7 Their number? The principal 7 .. ••'.=>■ CHAP. XX. AFRICA 1. Ap'-ri-ca, ^n immense continent in the form of a peninsula^ is separated from Europe by the Med-i-ter-ra'-ne-an Sea, and joined to Asia by the Isth'-mns of Su'-ez. 2. Africa is considerably larger than f^^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 iaiM |2.5 2.0 us IM i IUi& 1.25 1 1.4 ||i.6 ^ 6" ► ^ ^j>- ■^ '/ S fliotographic Sciences brporation G 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 .ii"' :.■=:_■«>*?!.;';;: .--.-'rMiii 4^ 84 joiiN guy's geography £arope, bat smaller than Asia, and was originally peopled by the posterity of Hani, the son of Noah. 3. The most striking features of Af -ri-ca are its immense regions of barren sands ; the number and ferocity of its wild beasts ; the intense heat of its climate in the cen- tral part ; and the degraded state of the greater part of its inhabitants. 4. The principal rivers of Africa are the Nile, the *Ni'-ger, the Sen'-e-gal, and the Orange. 5. The great divisions of Africa may be considered the Northern^ the Eastern, the Southern, the Western, and the Interior. 6. The Northern division consists of the Bar^-ba-ry S tates; viz. Mo-roc'-co, Al-giers', Trip'-o-4i, Tu-nis, and Bar^-ca. 7. The principal states of the Eastern divlsionareE'-gyptyNu'-bi-ayAb-ys-sin'-i-a, Zan-gue-bai^, and fMo-zam-bique^ 8. The Southern division comprises Caf- fra'-ri-a and Gape Col'-o-ny. 9. The principal states of the Western divisions are Upper Guin'-ea and Lower 6uin'-ea, comprising Lo-an'-go, Con-'go, An-go'-la, and Ben-gu-e'-la. 10. The principal states in the Interior of Africa are Sou -dan, Bor^-nou, Tim-bup- too', and Sa-ha'-ra, or the Great Desert. r • Ni-jer. t Mo-iam-beek. E^iiM.^ tilt.', FOB CHILDRB^. NORTHERN DIVISION. BARBARY. dft 11. Bar'-ba-ry, a large tract of land on the coast of the Mediterranean, extends from the Atlantic on the west^ to Egypt on the east. It consists of the empire of Mo- roc'-cOy and the states of Al-giers', Ta'-niS) Trip'-o-li, and Bar'-ca. 12. Mo-roc'-co^ the most important of the Barbary states, is governed by an em- peror. It contains about ten millions of inhabitants. In this conntry is found th^ boa constrictor, a serpent of immense size. 13. Al-giers', a smaller state, to the east of Morocco, eiyoys a fine climate and a fertile soil. It was famous for its pi'^ra-cies till chastised by the British. It has re- cently become a French colony, \ 14. Tu'-nis is situated between Algiers and Tripoli, and^ as regards population, is inconsiderable. Near the capital, Tunisy stood the celebrated city, Car^-thage, once the admiration of the world, and the formidable rival of Rome. ' 15. Trip'-o-li is of considerable extent, but thinly peopled, having only about 600,000 inhabitants. Barca is chiefly a desert. EXBRCIBBB ON CfiAP. XX. t. What is Africa? How separated from Barppe? How joined to Asia? GUT 8 6B06RAPHT s> !f ^. S. What is ita exttnt ? How originally peopled ? 8^ What are tlie most striking features of Africa t 4. What are t1^ principal rivers ? 5. What are the great divisions of Africa ? 6. Of what does the Northern division consist? 7* What are the principal states of the Eastern division t 8. Wliat does the Southern division comprise? 9. Whatare the principal states of the Western divistott ? 10. What are the principal states of the Interior? 11. What is Barbary? How far does it extend? Of what does it consist ? IS. What is Morocco ? Its population? What is founA tnlt? 13. WhatisAl^rs? Its climate? Its soil? Forwhal wa s it ilunoue ? Wliat has it become recently ? 14. Where is Tunis situated ? What stood near Tunis ? What was Garthage? 15. Describe Tripoli. Its population. Describe Barca. EXBBCIBBB ON THB MaP OF AFRICA. Draw on your slate the Map of Africa. 1.. How it Africa bounded on the North? How on the West t How on tiie East ? 5. What seiMurates Madagascar from Africa ? 3. What countries are on the west coast ? 4. What countries are on tlie east coast 1 fi. What countries are on the north coast? 6. How Ss Congo situated witK regard to Benin? 7. How is Egypt bounded on the south? 8. In what direction is Barbary from the Great Desert! 9. What separates Europe from Africa ? 10. How is Guinea situated with regard to Morocco ? 11. Where is St Helena? 12. What part of Africa extends fhrfkest to the south t 18. What country extends furthest to the east ? 14. How are Fea and Tunis situated ^th respect to Algiers? 16. Where are Cape Verd Islands ? 16. In what part of Africa is Soudan * 17. How it Tripdl bounded on fha sonfh-wsst ? I k FOR CHILORaN, •Ion! [^? ? or foanil whal HinisT Barca. ■I m the " ■*,'■ ik esertf CO? itht et to ^; 18. What tea in |>art separates Africa flrcm Ada? 19. In what direction ii the conntrjr of the Hotttntota from the Colony of the Cape? S( How is Morocco bounded on the east? 21. What state extends fitrthest to the west? 89. In sailing from Egypt to the Cape of Good Hope through the Mediterranean, what countries do we pass? ~?-f CHAP. XXI. EASTERN DIVISION. 1. £'-6YPT is bounded on the north by the mediterranean Sea, on the east ^y Asia and the Red Sea, and although of timited extent, it may be considered the most important state in Africa^ especially as it regards ancient timos. Its popnlnMon is three millions. 2. Egypt abounds with interesting mo- numents of antiquity, which, for jgrandeur and magnitude, surpass those of any other nation. The pyr^-a-mids, near Cai'-ro, are placed rmoog the greatest wonders of the world. The largest, at its base, covers 11 acres of land. . 3. Egypt is also particularly iutei^ffUng from its connexion with Scripture hi9tory; it was here that Joseph was sold unto Pa* tiphar ; it was here he was elevated to the highest honours, and had his affecting in- terview with his brethren. Here Moses was found by Pharaoh's daughter, an4 as JOHN 0UT*8 OEOOHAPHY here the Iiiraelites journeyed across the Red Sea on dry land. 4. Rain seldom falls in Egypt, but the soil is rendered very fruitful, by the peri- odical overflowings of the Nile. Grand Cai'-ro, the capital, is a large and splendid city, containing 300,000 inhabitants. 5. Egypt was long subject to Turkey^ and governed by a "^Pacha, but it has re-^ cently thrown off its allegiance to that power, and is likely to become a flourishing independent state under Me-hem'-et-Ali. 6« Nu'-bi-a lies to the south of Egypt, and is of considerable extent. It is di-^ vided into several smedl estates, the chief of which are Se-na'-ar and Don-go'-la. Its inhabitants are a barbarous race. 7. Ab-ys-sin-i-a is an extensive empire to the south of Nu'-bi-a. Its soil in general is very fruitful, and it abounds with ani^ mals both tame and wild. Its population is about four millions. S. The Ab-ys-sin-i-ans are a cruel and degraded people^ feeding on raw flesh, and even unfeelingly cutting slices from the living animal, and eating them warm from the body. 9. Zan-gue-bar^, a large territory to the north of Mo-zam-biqne', consists of several petty kingdoms, which abound with sef^ pents and savage animals. • * • • Pa-8haw'« FOR CHILDRBM. 89 ^P 10. Mo-zam-bique', an empire of con- siderable extent, lies opposite to the Island of Mad-a-gas'-car. Its chief productions for export are gold, ivory, ebony, and bees-wax. SOUTHERN DIVISION. 11. Gaf-pra'-ri-a, a very extensive country to the north of the Cape of Good Hope, is divided into Gaf-fra'-ri-a Proper, and the country of the Hot'-ten-tots, and peopled by various tribes. 12. Gol -o-ny of the Gape occupies the most southern part of Africa. It enjoys a temperate climate, and its soil is produc- tive. Its capital, Gape Town , has a popu- lation of 20,000. 13. It formerly belonged to Holland, but is now in the possession of the British, to whom it is of great importance, being the place where their ships call for refreshment in their voyages to and from the East Indies. ExBRCisBS ON Chap. XXI. 1. How is Egypt bounded on the north ? On the east? What may it be considered ? Its population ? 2. With what does Egypt abound ? How are the pyra- mids ranked ? Wliat is the size of the largest ? S. Why is E^pt particularly interest^g? Describe what took place in it. 4. How is the soil of Egypt rendered firuitfiil ? Describi Grand Cairo. Its population? 5. To what power has Egypt been subject? How was 't governed f What has it recently dune ? What is it likely to become ? I 2 (f(f JOHN etJY's ^BOdRAPHY aWhatlf IfnbU? Which are itt chief states? What are its inhabitants? 7. What li Abyssinia? Its soil? With what does it abound ? Its population ? 8. D.escribe the Abyssihiaps. What do they uafeellnglj do? ^. Of what does Zanguebar consist? With what does it abound ? 10. What is Mosambique ? Its situation ? Its exports ? 11. What is Calfhffia? How divided) How peopled? 12. What does the Colony of the Gape occupy ? Its climate? Its soil? The population of Cape Town ? 18. To what state did it belong? To whom does it now belong ? Why is it of so great importance ? CHAP XXII. WESTERN DIVISION. 1. Low -BR GuiN^-EA, a most extensive district on the western coast, comprises Ben-gu-^'-la, An-go'-la, Con'-go, and Lo- an'-go. These countries are inhabited by a lively and hospitable race of Negroes, who go chiefly nsdced. The Portuguese have some settlements here. 2. Upper 6uin'-ea is also of great extent, and is divided into Be-nin', Da-ho'-mey, Ash-an-tee',6rain| Ivory, and Gold Coasts, and the British settlement of Si-ei^-ra Le-one'. 3. Many European States have settle- ments on these coasts for the purpose ot commerce^ but the country is in general very unhealthy, and often fatal to settlers. X von CHILDREN* m J' 4. Si-er'-ra Le-one' is lin English settle- ment formed with the humane view of civilizing the natives of the surrounding statesybut the extreme unhealthiness of the climate renders itsultimatesuccess doubtful. INTERIOR OF AFRICA. ^. The interior of Africa consists of a great number of different states, most of which are very imperfectly known* A mongst the principal of these may be named Sou'- dan^ Bor^-noU) Tim-buc-too^ and Sa-ha -ra^ Or the Great Desert. 6. The Great Desert is about 2,000 miles in length, and 600 in breadth. This Desert has many fruitful patches in it, but it gene- rally consists of sands, which being agitated by the winds, move like the waves of the sea, and are often fatal to travellers. AFRICAN ISLANDS. 7. The principal Islands lying neaf Africa, are Mad-a-gas'-car, St. Hel'-e-na, the Cape Verd, and Ca-na'-ry Islands. 8. Mad-a-gas'-car lies off the East Coast of Africa, and is one of the largest Islands in the world. Its inhabitants, about four millions in number, are divided into various tribes, and in general are barbarous to a great degree. 9. St. HeF-e-na, a small but important Island off the western coast, belongs ti 93 JOHN CIUr*8 OIOORAPHY England, and is famous as having been the residence of Bonaparte, after his final overthrow. 10. The Cape Verd Islands, ten in number, are in general mountainous and unhealthy. They belong to Por^-tu-gal. ^ 11. The Ca-na'-ry Islands, more to the north, belong to Spain. These enjoy an agreeable climate, a fertile soil, and abound with the Canary bird. In one of the prin-'^ cipal, is the famous Peak of Ten-e-riffe', twd ' miles and a half above the level of the sea. EZBROISEB ON ChAP. XXII. I. What is Lower Gieinea? What does it comprise? Describe its inhabitants. Who have settlements here ? 3. What i'l Upper Guinea? How divided ? 3. What states have settlements on the coast t For what purpose ? Why is it often fatal to settlers ? 4. What is Sierra Leone? Why was a settlement formed here ? Why is its success doubtful ? 5. Of what does the interior of Africa consist? What are the principal states ? 6. What is the length of the Great Desert? Its breadth? Describe it. 7. What are the principal Islands lying near Africa? 8. What is Madagascar? Its population 1 How are the inhabitants divided? What is their character? 9. What is St. Helena? To whom does it belong? Why is it famous ? 10. What is the number of the Cape Verd Islands? Describe them. To what state do they belong? II. To whom do the Canary Islands belong ? Describe their climate. Their soil. With what do they abound I for What is one of the principal Islands famous? 911 the final 9n in 8 and [^al. to the oy an bound ) prin- b', two le sea. >mpri8e? tiere? tt Fur I; formed What >readtht frica? r are the belong? Islands? Describe ibound I hMV FOR CHILDRBW. CHAP. XXIIl. AMBRIGA. 09 1. Am-br-1-ca, frequently caUed the New World, is the largest of the four great divisions or quarters. It was unknown to the inhabitants of the Old World till 1492, when it was discovered by Co-lum'-bus. 2. It is separated from Europe and Africa by the Atlantic Ocean, and from Asia by the Pa-cif-ic. It is divided into two great Continents, North and South, connected by the Isthmus of Da'-ri-en. 3. America is about 9,000 miles in lengtl^ and 2,000 miles in its mean breadth, an4^ supposed to contain nearly 50 millions ol inhabitants. NORTH AMERICA. 4. North A-M£R'-i-OAcomprehendsthe British possessions, the United States, with their territories; Mex'-i-co, 6ua-te-maMa, and vast tracts of land, occupied by the native independent tribes. 5. The rivers of North America are very large. The principal are the Mis-sou'-ri, the Mis-sis*sip'-pi, the St. Law'-rence, and the O-hi'-o. 6. The lakes of North America are amongst the largest in the world, and may be called inland seas. The most exten- sive is Lake Superior. 9i JOIIN Ginr*t OBOGRAPHY 7. Between the lakes On-ta'-ri-o and E'*rie is an immense cataract, 50 yards id height, called the Falls of Niagf-a-ra ; the noise made by the fall of so large a body of water may be heard at the distance oi twenty miles. BRITISH P08SBS8ION8. /^ 8. The British Possessions are Lower and Upper Can'-a-da, Lab-ra-dor^, No'-va Sco'-tia, New Bnins'-wick^ New- found-land, and other islands. 9. Lower Can'-a-da is a fertile tract of ground, chiefly on the north of the river St. LaV-rence. Its inhabitants, about hidf a million in number, are mostly of French origin. Its chief town is Que -bee, con* taining 20,000 inhabitants. 10. Upper Canada is still more fertile than Lower Canada, and of greater extent. It has been chiefly peopled by emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, and is a very flourishing colony. 11. The Canadas were subject to France till 1759) when they came into the posses- sion of the English. The climate is in ge- neral healthy, although the summers are hot, and the winters extremely severe. The chief exports of the Canadas ihrs, com, and timber, of the last of Wlddi great quantities are sent to England and the West Indies. I V i FOR CHILDRSN. 95 r 18. Lab-ra-dor^ lies to the north of the iBulf of St Lawrence, and is a country ot ^nsiderable extent. It is cold and barren, ^nd thinly inhabited by *£s-qui-maux' In- dians. 14. No-va Sco-tia is situated to the south of the Gulf oi St. Lawrence. Hal-!-* fax, the capita], derives considerable im- portance from its being the principal naval istation of the British in North America* 16. New Bruns'-wick is a considerable {rovince to the west of Nova Sco'-tia. It as some noble forests, but the climate is e^ld, and the soil not fertile. The popu* tion is scanty. 16. New-found'-land, a large island to the east of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is rocky, barren, and chiefly inhabited by those con- nected with the cod fisheries, which are carried on to a very great extent on the Sand Banks adjoining. The country derives all its importance from these fisheries. 'd^' EXBRCI8B8 ON ChAP. XXIII. 1. What \i America? When wai it dlscoyered? By whom? 2. How is it separated from Europe and AfHoat Honr fk'om Asia? How divided? How connected ? 8. What is its length? Its mean breadth t Its popu« lation? 4. What does North America eomprehend? * £t)-ke-Uio'. m JOHN ouv's GBOGRAPHY 6. Dtocribe the riven of North America. What are the principal t 6. What are the lakes ? Which is the most extensive T 7. What 1$ there between Lakes Ontario and Eriet Describe thefHils. 8. What are the British possessions in North America t 9. What is Lower Canada? The number of its inha- bitants? Of what origin? What is the population of Quebec? 10. What is Upper Canada? How has it been peopled ? What is its prosent situation ? 11. To what nation weretheCanadas subject? To whom do they now belong ? Describe their climate. 12. What are the chief exports of the Canadas? 18. How is Labrador situated ? Describe it By whom is it peopled ? 14. Where is Nova Scotia situated ? From what does Halifax derive importance ? 16. What is New Brunswick ? Describe its climatOi Soil. Population. 10. What is Newfoundland? By whom inhabited? Defcribe the cod-fisherles. From what does the country derive its importance? EXBJEtCISES ON THB MAP OF AXEBICA. Draw on yoar slate the Map of America. 1. Where are the West Indies? 5. Wliat two countries lie on the west coast of South America ? 8. What countries lie on the east coast of South Ame- rica? 4. Where are Falkland Islands? 6. How is Brazil bounded on the north ? 6. How is North America separated from Asia ? How i> Mexico bounded on the east ? 8. Which is the most northerly country of South America? 9. How is jLmerica bounded on the east? How oa the west? 10. How are the United States situated with regard to Ceaada? r FOR CHIIi>RBN. 97 fti 11. In what direetion doe»P ship sail in going lirom Ireland to fhe West Indies! 18. How is Iceland situated with regard to Greenland f 13. How is Peru bounded on the west? 14. How is Labrador situated with respect to Hudson's Bay? 15. Whether is Baffin's Bay or Hudson's Bay more to the south ? 16. Whether is CiUli or La Plata nsore to the west ? 17. In what direction does a ship sail in coming from Brazil to Britahi? 18. In what direction does a ship sail hi coming from Cape Horn to Mexico? 19. How are the West Indies situated with regard to IJolombia? 90* How it La Plata bounded on the east ? f ti CHAP. XXIV. UNITED STATES OF AMEltiCA. 1. The U-Nl'-TED States of A-mbr'- i-CA were formerly a part of the British empire, but, after a severe conflict, they established thdir independence in 1783. 2. This very extensive country com-^ prises twenty-four states, and four large divisions, called territories, ^rom its great extent, the climate and soil exhibit a con- siderable variety^ but for rajf^ Qiost pairt the country is rich and productit^^ 3. These states contain sev^iteen millions of inhabitants, chiefly the deseed- ants of Britbh emigrants, and they stiU retain the language and the customs of the mother country. 4. The United States are rapidly increan- 98 JOHN out'! GBOORAPHY r^ ing in importance aa a nation, and promise to become one of the leading powers of the world. The government is a Republiei under a President, chosen erery four years; 5. Their exports are on a very extensive sciUe, chiefly in cotton, timber, tobacco^ grain, rice, potash, and skins, and their ships are found in every port on the globe. 6 . The principal towns are Washington^ the capital. New York, Phil-a-der-phi-a, Bos'-ton, fiaF-ti-more, and Charles Town. 7. Of these. New York is the largest, having upwards of 270,000 inhabitants. Its commercial transactions also are pro* bably of greater extent than thoise of any city in Europe, London excepted. . .. .f MEXICO. 8. Mbx'-i-co, or New Spain, is a very extensive country, chiefly on the western coast of North America. It formerly be- longed to Spain, but is now an indepen- dent republic. 9. The soil of Mexico is in general fer- tile, but the chief wealth of the country arises from its extensive silver mines, which have been very productive. Its population is about six millions. 10. Mexico, the capital, is supposed to be the most ancient city in America ; it is magnificently built, and contains yearly 200,000 inhabitants. 4 rS FOR Ci r^J>KEV» 90 i> GUATEMALA. 11. Gua-tb-ma'-la, fonnerly belonging to Spain, is a small republic, to the south- east of Mexico. In this state is the pro- vince of Hon-du'-ras, from which we im- port mahogany. I NATIVE INDEPENDENT NATIONS. - 12. Under the name of the Native In- dependent Nations is comprised a vast tract of country 9 chiefly between the United States and the Pacific Ocean. 13. These districts are thinly inhabited by the original natives, called Indians, in small tribes, varying from three or four hundred to four or five thousand. 14. These tribes are generally in a bar- barous state, and being averse to the culti- vation of the soil, they subsist chiefly by bunting and fishings and on the sponta- neous productions of the country. More to the north, these tribes are called Esqui- maux' Indians, and are a much more peaceable and tractable race. ExERCisBS ov Chap. XX IV. 1. What were the United States ? What did thM ettebli8binl783? 2. What do they comprise ? Their climate and soil ? 3. What is its population ? Front whom are its inha- bitants descended ? What do thej still retain? 4. Describe the United States as a nation. Their government. 6. What are their exports? Where are thehr ships fouudl 6. What are the principal towns ? lOO OHN OUY S GBOORAPHY 7. What is the population of New York ? Deserihe !tf commercial transactions. 8. What is Mexico? To what power 4id it belong! Whmt is it now 7 9. What is its soil ? Its chief wealth? Its population ? 10. What is Mexico, the capital? Its population? 11. What is Guatemala? What do we import from it 12. What is comprbed under the name of the Native Independent Nations ? 13. By whom are these districts inhabited ? 14. Describe the tribes* What are the Bsqnimauz f f ^a^n t ^nu CHAP, xxv.^ ; ! WEST INDIES. ' ' -i 1. The West In'-dies consist of a con- siderable number of islands onr the east of the Gulf of Mexico, between North and South America. 2. The largest and most important of these islands are Cu'-ba, St. Do-min'-go, and Ja-mai'-ca. 3. Cu'-ba, the most westerly island, is of considerable extent, being 700 miles long, and 80 broad, and containing 800,000 in- habitants. It belongs to Spain. Ha-yan'- lah is the capital. 4. St. Do-min'-go, now called the King-* dom of Hay'-ti, is a rich and fertile island,i: next to Cuba in extent. The chief part for- merly belonged to the French, but the Ne-' groes rebelled ^in 1791, and succeeded in establishing themselves as an independent power. Its population is about a million.;^ 5. Ja-mai'-ca is a smaller island, but POR CHILDREN. in- mt ■ 101 h highly cultivated, and very prod active. 1 1 belongs to England, and its chief towns are Kings'-ton and St. Ja'-go. Its populatiou is about 400,000. 6. The other West India Islands are numerous, and though much smaller in ex- tent, are highly important, on account of their valuable productions. The greater part of them belong to England. 7. To these islands the European states are chiefly indebted for their supply of sugar, rum, and coffee. From her posses- sions here. Great Britain annually imports to the value of eight millions of pounds in these articles. 8. The climate of these islands is in ge- neral hot ; thunder and lightning are very common, and the autumnal hurricanes are frequently very destructive to the houses, the plantations, and the shipping. Exercises on Chap. XXV* 1. Of what do the West Indies consist ? How situated! 2. Which are the largest and most important ? S. What is Cuba ? Its length and breadth ? Its popu- lation ? To what power subject ? Its capital ? 4. What is St. Domingo now called? Describe it. To whom did it belong? Wliat is it nowl Its population T 5. Describe Jamaica. To whom does it belong ? Its chief towns 7 Its population ? 6. Describe the other West India Islands. To whom do the greater part belong ? 7. For what are the European states indebted to tb^sc islands ? To what amount docs Grei>< Britain import frutu these islands ? 8. Describe the climate. « r' K Oi JOHN QUY's OBOCniAPHY CHAP. XXVI. ■i>v* SOUTH AMBRICA. 1. South A-mbr'-i-oa is an iromense conti nent, bonnded on the noith by the Gulf ol Mexico^ on the south by the Southern Ocean, on the east by the Atlantic, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. 2. The distinguishing features of South Ame- rica are the magnitude and grandeur of its rivers, the height and extent of its mountains, and the richness of its mines in the precious metals. 3. The rivers of the greatest magnitude are the Am'-a-ion, the Or-o-no'-co, and the Rio de la Pla'-ta. The Am'-a-zon is the largest river in the world, its length bein^ 3500 miles, and its breadth at the mouth not less than 150 miles. 4. The great divisions of South America are Co-lom'-bi-a, Pe-ru', Bo-liv'-i-a, *Chili, Pat-a- go'-ni-a,LaPla'-ta, Am-a-zo'-ni-a, and Gui-a'-ua, COLOMBIA. 5. Co-lom'-bi-a, formerly called Terra Firma, occupies the whole of the most northern part of Soutn America. It was subject to Spain till the year 1821, when it became an independent Republic, with a government similar to that of the United States. 6. Although this country is of very great ex^* tent, its population is short of three millions. Its capital, Bo-^o'-ta, contains 30,000 inhabi- tants. Their religion is the Roman Catholic. 7. The climate of Co-lom'-bi-a is extremely • Chee'-lee. . ' I I iOR CHILDREN, 103 J various; to the west the mountains are verj lofty, and their summits covered with perpetual snow; in the lower parts, towards the east, it being near the equator, the heat is excessive. The country abounds with volcanoes. PERU. 8. Pe-ri/ lies to the south of Colombia, on the western coast of South America, and is of considerable extent. It is particularly noted for its mines of gold and silver. 9. This country has also shaken off the Spa- nish yoke, and established its independence as a Republican State. The population is nearly two millions. Li'-ma, the capital, is the finest city in South America. 10. Pe-ru' being situated on both sides of the Andes, is in general very mountainous, but in the lower parts the soil is rich. 11. It abounds with volcanoes, and earth- quakes are not unfrequent ; in the great earth- quake of 1786, Lima was nearly destroyed, and in Its ruins, and in those of other places in the vicinity, some thousands of the inhabitants pe- rished. Exercises ov Chap. XXVI. ». What is Soath America ? How bounded ? 5. What are its distinguishing features ? 8. What are the rivers of the greatest magnitude ? Describe the Amazon. 4. What are the great divisions of South America? 6. What does Colombia occupy 1 To what power was it subject t What is it now t 6. What is its population ? The population of its capi- tal, Bogota? Their religion ? 7. . Its climate ? Describe the country to the west To the east. With what does it abound ? J04 JOHN Ginr*t OBOORAPIIY ^ ! d. Where does Peni lie? Its extent? For what noted ? 0. What has it shaken off? What established? It*! population? Descrihe Lima, the capital. | 10. What is the general description of Peru ? Dcserihc^. its soil. ! 1 1. With what does it abound ? Describe the affectiog-i circumstances attending the great eartliqualce of 178Q CHAP. XXVII. BOLIVIA. 1. Bo-Liv'-i-A, or Upper Pe-ru', is situated to the south of Peru, and comprises a district of laud of no inconsiderable extent. It also, in the year 1825, separated itself from Spain, and became an independent Republic. 2. This country is in general very imperfectly known, but it is ascertamed that its mountains are amongst the loftiest in the world, being infe • rior only to the Himalaya mountains in Asia. 3. Bolivia, like most of the divisions of South America, is thinly peopled, the number of its inhabitants being only two millions. The popu<; lation of La Paz, the capital, is about 40,000. CHILI. 4. Chi'-li is a long narrow district to the south of Bo-liv'-i-a, between %he Andes and the Pacific Ocean. This country has also recently thrown o£P its allegiance to Spain, and secured its independence as a Republic. 5. Chili is a very mountainous country, but it possesses a peculiarly fine climate, and where onteVikted is nighly productive. It also con- tpins mines of gold, silver, and copper, the last Ql which are v6i'y valuable. 4 the the fre t FOR CHILDBIir. 106 , \ 6L Its iuhabitanta^ nearly a millioii and a half in number, are unedacated> but courteous and hospitable. St. Ja'-go, the capital, its beauti- fully situated, and the scenery of the surround* ing country is very rich. PATAGONIA, 7. Pat-a-go'-ni-a, an extensive and barren country, occupying the southern part of the con- tinent, is thinly inhabited by the native Indians, 8. Little is known of this country, but the inhabitants are reported to be of gigantic stature, totally uncivilized, and ektremeiy ferocious; with regard to their stature, much exaggeration has prooably been used, but it is allowed that they are considerably taller than the other native Indians. EzBRCisEs ON Chap. XXVI. 1. What does Bolivia comprifle? From what power did it separate itself? What is its present government t 8. Describe the country so fiur as itis ascertained. 8. What is Bolivia with regard to population ? What is the population of La Paz, the capital ? 4. What is ChiU? How situated ? What has it re- cently done ? 5. Describe the country. The climate. What do its mines yield? 6. Describe its inhabitants. Describe St. Jago, and the surrounding country. 7. What is Patagonia ? By whom is it inhabited f 8. Describe the inhabitants as reported. What is Jieir probable stature? CHAP. XXVIIL LA PLATA. 1* La Pla'*ta, or the United Provinoes, comprises a territory of vast extent, reaching 106 JOHM OUT*S aEOORAPHY from the Atlantic Ocean to the Andes. It h another of the new Independent Republiotj^ formed on its being[ separated from Spam, riio - 2. La Plata consists chiefly of immense plains covered with rich herbage, on which vast herds of wild cattle feed. The hides of these, with tallow and wool» form the principal exports of the country. 3. The population of this country is very scanty, not exceeding a million. Bu'-e-nos Ay res, its only port, contains 60,000 inhabitants.^ BRAZIL. 4. *Bra-zil' is ono of the most exterisiye empires in the world. It belonged to Portuffal till 1822, when it was establisned as an inSe; pendent empire under Don Pedro, one of thjk Portuguese princes. 5* This country is distinguished for its mines of gold and precious stones ; its soil is also fer- tile* producmg corn, coffee, tobacco, sugar, fruit and cotton^ abundantly. 6. The population of Brazil is about five mil- j^ns. The interior is generally large forests, abounding with poisonous serpents, and other noxious animals, f Rio Janeiro, or St. Se-basV ti-an, is the capital. -^ AMAZONIA. ^ 7. A-MA-zo'-Ni-A is a very extensive country, inhabited by numerous tribes of native Indians^ whose character for the most part is very im- perfectly known. 8. A Iplurt of this country is considered aa bd- * Br%-ieer. t Ree'H> Ja-nee'-rob '.no /■» )as lansy im- fOR CHILORBN. 10? longing to Colombia, and a part to Brazil ; the rest is under no regular government. The climate is hot, and the soil would be productive if cultivated. GUIANA. p 9. Gui-a'-ma, a small tract of land on the Eastern coast of South America, is chiefly di- vided among the English* French, Dutch, and Portueuese. - 10. The colonies of Dem-e-ra'»ra and Ber-bioe are the portion of the English, Cay-enne' of the French, Su-ri-nam' of the Dutch; the interior belongs to the Portuguese, but i» ***efly inha- i>ited by the native Indians. 11. The climate of Guiana is very hot and unhealthy, but the soil is fertile, producing Wrge quantities of sugar, cotton, pepper, and eonee. .;,.> i^, . SOtTH AMERICAN ISLANDS. 12. The principal Islands near South Ame^ tica are TeP-ra del Fu'-e-go, Falkland Islands, '^Chi'xlo-e, and Juan Fer-nan'-dez. ld>*. Terra del Fnego consists of ar group oi Islands off the south coast of America, and se- parated from it by the straits of Ma-gel'-lan. The climate is excessively cold ; its inhabitanta are few in number, and stunted in their growth. 14. The Falkland Islands are of little impor* {ance, being barren in their soil, and very cold in their climate. 15. Ju'-an Fer-nan'-dez and Chiloe are small Islands off the coast of Chili $ the latter is po« pulons e^nd fertile. ♦ Chee'-lo-e. ••*; % '^HH JOHN OUY'8 OlOORAtBT POR OBILDRIW. ..f # . BxiBoxm oir Cbap^ ZXVIIL r' It ,1l%it li LiPktat Ita goveramentr ^ whtft power 9. Of whal^^OoM Lft Plata ebiefly eonaiat T Wkal Ibm fMrindpil eniDrts? 8. WMt Is Ito |)OpaIationt Deioribe Biwiioa Ayyei: 4. What if Bradlt To what power did it belonfff %)f>»X ii its pr^nt ititof . 5. For what is itdisllagiiiahad f What Its productions 0; W^iaitlsllspopiilaiiionf With what does thointeriv ^hottiid t WIttt to the capital! 7. Whalii Amaaoniaf ftr whom is it inhabited t 8k fio what powers dossil belongl Its climate? Its soil 8. What is Oeiaiia t Amongst whom is it dlflded 7 10. WhiEt part belongs to the English 1 ^ the ftench f TotheI>atch? To the Portognsset 11. Whatisitselimatet Its prodnetloQst ^^ 18. What are the principal Islands nfltrfouthAmeriee 18. Of what does Terra del Fnegoeenilstf Its climate ItsinhabHaats? 14. Describe ^e Falkland Islands. 15. What are Joan Femandes and ChUeef |!ls SMiipiMitf Um^h^ in m9t9, iff a few ..