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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmi d partir de I'iii'igle sup6rieur gauche, do gauche d droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 / ( / -•"*- *^lJ ^' } / MANUAL r OF THE ( SCHOOL LAW AND REGULATIONS OF THB PEOVIIsrCE OF QUEBEC, TOGETHER WITH AN OUTLINE OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION, FOR THE USE OF CANDIDATES FOR TEACHERS' DIPLOMAS UNDER THE REGULATIONS OP THE PROTESTANT COMMITTEE. PREPARED BY REV. ELSON I. REXFORD, B.A. RECTOR OF THB HIQH SCHOOL, MONTREAL. (FORMERLY SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION). REVISED EDITION. MONTREAL E. M. RENOUF, PUBLISHER. 1895. !■■ i Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada, m the year ISOo, by EowAUi) M. Renoi I-, in the Ortict; of the Minister of Agriculture. / /*" ■-W. According to tlie lle^' illations of the Protestant ( oniniittee, candidates for teacliers' diplomas are required to pass an examination in tlie school law and regulations of the I'rovince. As the school law contains details that are of no special interest to teachers, this Manual has been prepared, giving all the important features of the school law, and omitting all unnecessary details. Althougli the Manual has been drawn up with special reference to the rec[uirements of candidates for teachers' diplomas, it will be found interesting to anyone who desires information concerning the general principles of the school law. The Manual consists of four parts : An epitome of the educational history of the Province — A Kesum»^ of the Law of Public Instruction — The Kegulations of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruc- tion and A chapter on School Organization. Candidates for teachers' diplomas under the Picgula- tions of the Protestant Committee are required (1), to have a general knowledge of the provisions of the school law and regulations (2), to understand clearly the duties of school commissioners, teachers and pupils as laid down in Section III., Articles 60-70, and Sections V., VI. and YII. of the Pegulations and (3), to have a clear understanding of the subject of School Organization. 4*^ J ' t CONTEXTS. Historical Introduction Regulations of the Protestant Committee Index to Regulations . - - - Resume of the Law of Public Instruction Index to School Law - - - - School Organization . - . . Syllabus of Examinations - Pack. vii 1 69 75 111 113 11 t HISTORICAL rXTRODUCTION. The school law of the Province of Quebec is the result of many years' growth. In order to study it to advantage it is necessary to know sonietliing of its past liistory, something of the various clianges and stages ])y which the present position has heen reached. A complete liistory of our scIk^oI law would involve a liistory of (nlucation in the l^rovincc Kothing of this kind can be undertaken in this outline. A mere outline of the more important fiU'ts connected with the rise and ])rogre.ss of our educational .system is all that can bo attempted. It is believed, however, that such a sketch will be a valuable preparation for the intelligent study of the school law. Dii'ision into Periodic. Our educational history breaks itself up into the same great ])ei*iods into whiidi the general ]iist(jry of the Province- is usually divided. We .shall, therefore, divide our educa- tional outline into four parts, as follows : I. The French Regime; 11. From the Conquest to the I'nion ; III. From the Union to Confederation; IV. From Confederation to the present time. I. EDUCATION UNDER THE FRENCH REGIME, 1615-1760. This is a very interesting period of the educational history of the Province, but it gives us very little that bears directly upon the present educational system. During that peri<-)d there was no public system of schools, and no regular grants were made by the government for the purposes of education. And yet very important educational work was done during Vlll MANC AI. OF srnOOL LAW. tliis period, aiul \V(trk of a most intt'icsting chariicU'r. Tliis work was carricil on chit'tly )»y iihmiiIhts of rcli^'ioua orders, who liatl foine out to New Fraiicp to carry on missionary work ainon^' tilt' native trih('S(»f Indians. Tlie five principiil orders whieli estaldisli. d lliemselves in tliis country, and carried on the work of education under the French re^'ime, were the lleeollcts, the desuits, th'' rrsuliiKj Nuns, the Ladies of the Con;.,'re}^Mtion, and the Sidpieians. The fir.st of these, thf Jiecollets, ciMue out in the year IGIT), and the hist in Kif)?. Tln! tirst three orders made (^Uieljec their head- (|uarter=<, and the hist two selected Montreah Each order "gradually estahlished ]»raiieh houses as the settlements extended, and their means anhidami' de la IVdtrie estahlish"d :Iie Ih'suline Convent at (^Miehec, with Marie do T Incarnation as first Superior. This was the first girls' scliool in C ' ada, and f: >ni its fouinhdion down to the present time it has tak -n a most imp(U'tant i)art in the higher education of the w inun of the I*r»»vince. A hrancli was established at Three Ilivers, which lias played an important ])art in the history of that (;ity. In 183(), wlien tin; tirst ellbrt was made to provide Normal •*•' hools for the; Province, the L^rsuline institutions at (^Micbec and Three Rivers wer" requested to arran,L;(! for classes for the tr lining of teachers in connection with tlieir institutions, and in l8-")7, when the three existing Normal Schools were tirst established, the girls' department of the Laval Normal School was placed under the direction of the ladies (tf the Crsuline Convent at ((>uebec, and this arrangement is still in force. In 1653 the Congregation of Notre Hanu! was foinided in Montreal, for the education of girls, by Marguerite^ liourgeois, who came out from France for the })urpose. These ladies, like the llrsulines of (^Uiebec, l)egan tlieir work (thicHy with Indian girls. Their work extended so rapidly that they were unable to meet it, and they w^ere obliged in 1G88 to orgaiiizo a class in the art of teaching, in order to prepare teachers to go out and carry on the w^)rk of teaching. This may be called the tirst Normal School work done in the Province. Their won: extended so rai)idly that at tli<' date of the conquest they had ten branch establishments in the more important centres of the province, all devoted to the educa- tion of girls. At the present time hundreds of vounLj womeu X ?.[ANrAL OF SCHOOL LAW. are being (MlucatO'l in tlioir numerous educational establisli- ments, s^^nie of which, su(!h as Villa-Maria, Montreal, and Uollevuo, (.^)ue])ec, take a high position among institutions for tlio liiglier (nlucation of women. In ir».57 the Suli)icians came out to Canada, and established an institution in Montreal for the education of boys. The S(3minary of St. 8uli.i<'e was founded, and afterwards became the rallying point for educational work in and around Montreal, '"xhe Seminary of St. Sulpice received, soon after its foundation, tiie island of ?>Iontreal as an endowment, the revenues from which make the Seminary of St, Sulpice one of the wealthiest corporations on this continent. In l<)70 the RccoUets returned to the country ,^ and resumed their educational work at Quebec and Three Rivers. In addition to the educational work carried on directly by the members of these several orders of missionary teachers, the establishment of schools under lay teachers was en- couraged. Tli^'se schools were assisted both by private benefactions from those interested in this work, and also by the ndigious »)rders themselves. Several instances might be cited in wliirh no1)le laymen consecrated both time and large fortunes to the support of these early educational efforts. By these various means the educational work of the country was carriiMl on during the French regime. Although this educa- tional work had niany defects, and although there was no regulai- *'(lueational system in the Province, the religious orders and lay teachers \vorked faithfully during this period to mtd^e the educational record of the struggling colony of New Fraiire a creditable one. XL FROM THE CONQUEST TO THE UNION, 1760-1841. The educational history of this ])eriod presents many interesting features. We shall trace, first, the history of the educational work that was being carried on l)y the religious teaching orders at the time of the conquest ; secondly, the special and independent schools that were established ; t f HISTORICAL INTRODrCTIOX. XI > and thirdly, the efforts that were made to obtain a system of education for the Province that would be acceptable; to the Roman Catholic population and also to the Protestant ruling minority of the Province. For the first few years after the conquest all the religious teaching orders of the Province naturally experienced some ■difficulty in continuing their educational work under the new regime. But the work of the Recollets and of the •Jesuits was seriously impaired by the chang(\ Their estates, upon the revenues of which they depended for carrying on their educational work, were confiscated to the •Crown, and no new members were allowed to join their orders. Under these difficulties, and with their diminislied forces, the religious orders were coiui)elled to confine their operations within naiTower limits. In 1768 the classical course of the flesuit Collejjfe of Quebec was discontinued, and the students were transferred to the Quel)ec Seminary. The elementury course was carried on in the college until 1776, when it was occupied by the British troops. The last of the Jesuits in Canada, K. P. Jean Joseph Cazot, died the 16th March, I'^^OO, and the Crown then took possession of the estates. The Recollets continued their work witli diniinisliin" success until 1796, when their estal)lishment at (i)uebec was destroyed by fire. Individual membevs of the order carried on the work of teaching i." isolated schools until 1840. The College of Quebec continued to provide classical training for an ever-increasing number of French students. In Montreal the Seminary of St. Sulpice (Continued its noble work, maintaining not only the Montreal College for superior education, but also excellent elementary schools in and al)out the city of Montreal. The IJrsuline Nuns at (.j)uebec, and the Ladies of the Congregation in Montreal, continued to carry on and extend their educational facilities for the education of girls. In 1837 tliC Christian Brothers came out to Canada, and began a work as teachers of elementary schools, which has since developed into one of the m('>st important features of Roman Catholic elementarv education in the Province. ■'T' Xll MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. In addition to the educcational work carried on by religious orders, a large number of other schools was established, to meet tlie requirements of the increasing population of the Province, in the absence of any pu])lic system of education. Of these we may menti(jn : (1) Schools established in con- nection with the dilt'erent congregations and churches of the Province : (2) Schools maintained by educational societies formed for the })ur])ose ; (3) Superior schools established in the country districts, under a Committee, or Eoard of Management, elected by residents interested in the school ; (4) Special superior schools ; and (5) Private schools. 1 . ( *f the schools established in connection with congrega- tions and churches those of the Roman Catholic parishes were naturally the most numerous. As early as 1789 the Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec reported that schools, und^r the direction of the Cure, were regularly kept in the larger villages, and these schools continued to increase in number, until formal provision M'as made for their support in 1824. Schools were also established in connection with the Protestant churches of (j)uebec and Montreal. 2. Of the societies formed for the promotion of education^ the (^)uebec Education Society, under the able presidency of Joseph F. Perrault, carried on an important work for many years in and around the city of Quebec. A British and Canadian School Society, formed upon the plan of the English. Society, maintained important schools for many years in Montreal, and a similar society supported a school in Quebec. These schools, which are now under the control of the School Connnissioners, are still in operation. In (^)uebec and Montreal important schools were also maintained by the National and Free School Society. 3. Of the Superior Schools established in rural sections under l>oards of Management appointed by residents interested in providing a good education for their children, the Acade- mies, chielly Protestant, established in the rural sections of the Province, were the most important. During the closing years oi last century settlers from the New England States established themselves in the present Eastern Townships. They brought with them from their New England homes t HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. Xlll strong convictions of the importance of education. During the first year of their life in Canada the children of near neighbors were gathered in one of the dwelling houses, and taught by one of the older and better instructed of their sons or daughters. And during the first decade of this century log school houses were erected in many of the townships by the voluntary efforts of the early settlers, in which their <;hildren were regularly taught. The cost of erecting these school houses, and maintaining these schools, had to be defrayed by the settlers themselves. Xot satisfied with pro- viding elementary schools for their children, the residents of the more thickly settled centres of the townships endeavored, at an early date, to provide more advanced instruction, by establishing "Acad'i?nies," or Superior Schools. The persons interested contributed to the erection of a suitable building, and elected a board of trustees, to which was entrusted the management of the school. In the earlier years the teacher had to depend mainly upon the tuition fees for his salary. This was sometimes supplemented by subscriptions, and other special provisions, and when grants were given by the Legislature and by the Koyal Institution, these institutions were recognized. Some of these institu- tions, such as Hatley and Stanstead Academies, have con- tinued their important work down to the present time. 4. It was natural that the want of institutions for superior education should be felt first by the English, who settled in Quebec and Montreal immediately after the conquest. At first some of the English boys attended the Seminary at Quebec, and others were sent to the New England Colleges for their education. The attention of the (Government was early drawn to this unsatisfactory state of things, and in 1799 Bishop Mountain, of Quebec, strongly urged upon the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir R. S. Milnes, the importance of •establishing institutions of superior education, in which the young men of the Province could be educated. As the result of these representations, it was decided in 1803 to -establish two such institutions, one in Quebec and one in Montreal. Owing to difficulties in the Province and in Europe, these institutions were not put into operation until XIV MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. 1816. Ill that year three Royal grammar schools were esta])lislie(l, one in eaeli of the cities of (,)uebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Tlie Kev. K. iJurrage was appointed Master of the (^Kiebec School, and Dr. Skakel Master of the ^lontreal School, each at a salary of .£200 sterling, with an extra allowance for rent, tVc. These Royal (Jrannnar Schools continued their important work until 184G, when they were united to the High Schools- of (^)uel)ec and Montreal (which had been established a few years before). The two High Schools are among the most important Protestant institutions of superior education of the T'rovince at the present time. In the early part of this century the Roman Catholics endeavored to provide, for the more im])ortant section of the Province, the advantages of a superior education which up to that time could only be obtained at (^)uebec and ^Fontreal. From 1803 to 1832 six classical colleges were founded, namely, at JVicolet, St, Ilyacinthe, St Therese, Chambly, St. Anne, and TAssoniption. These, with the two similar institutions in Quebec and Montreal, made ample provision for superior education in the French sections of the Province. 5 As tlie schools in these earlv times were maintained .'dmost entirely by tuition fees, private schools, conducted by popular teachers, were very numerous in the cities and towns. Among the verv earlv teachers of French schools I may mention Louis Genereiu' Lahadie. He taught the only French Academy of the Province at Berthier, from 1780 to- 1794. He afterwards continued his work at Yercheres, where lie died in 1824. During his time he Avas the recipient of many favors from the Governors of the Province, and from other prominent men of the time. Of the English teachers at the beginning of the century Mr. Tanswell, the Rev. Mr. Jackson, the Rev. ^Mr. Sprat, Mr. Farnham, the Rev. Daniel Wilkie, and the Rev. Mr. Burrage, occupied prominent positions in the City of Quebec, and Mr. Hutchings and Dr. Skakel in the City of Montreal. We now come to the eonsideratif>n of the efforts that were, made by the (government and the people to establish a <•?' ^\ HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. XV system of public schools suitable to the peculiar circum- stances of tlie Province. During the troublous times that preceded the Rebellion of 1837, the questions of language and religion occupied the most important position in the discussions that took place. As these two questions had to be satisfactorily settled in l)reparing a system of public education that would be generally acceptable, it was found exceedingly difficult to arrange a system of elementury schools that would command the support of the people generally. If the schools were left in the hands of the people they Avould be conducted in the interests, and according to the views, of the French Roman Catholic majority. If they were controlled by the Government they would naturally be conducted in the language and according to the views of the English ruling minority. The first quarter of this century saw many earnest efforts made to provide a satisfactory system of elementary schools for the Province, but without success. In 1787 an Educational Committee was appointed by the Government to inquire into the state of education. Upon the report of this Committee, an Act was passed in 1801, providing for the appointment of a permanent committee on education, under the name of The Royal Institution. This Committee was empowered to establish and manage one free school in each parish or township. The masters were appointed and paid by the Governor. As the members of the Royal Institution were largely English and Protestant, Mgr. Hubert, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Quecbec, at the time, declined to act as a member of the Board, and instructed his clergy not to encourage the establishment of schools of the Royal Institution in their parishes. In consequence of this opposition, the Royal Institution made little progress in establishirg schools in the French parishes. In the English sections of the Province these schools were more successful but they passed under the control of the common school system as soon as it was established, and now the work of the Royal Institution is confined to the management of McGill University. I i nSSEB XVI MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. T The next important step in educational matters was taken in 1824. But during the previous ten years the Legislative Assembly had made an attempt, almost every year, to provide a system of scliools that would meet the wants of the French Roman Catholic sections of the Province. But tiiese educational l)ills wore rejected ])y the Legislative Council, or failed to receive the royal sanction. Some of these earlier educational bills were refused sanction, because they appeared to interfere with the rights of the Royal Institu- tion, and the royal sauction was withheld from others until the Legislative Assem1)ly should pass satisfactory measures concerning the civil list. A comniitteo on education was appointed by the Legisla- ture in 1815, and another in 1824. These committees took evidence, and rejiorted that the schools of t)ie Royal Institu- tion had failed in the French [>ari8hes, and that provision should be made for the estaljlishment of schools in these parishes, under the control of the cure and the chief residents. In 1824 the Fabrique Act was passed, authorizing each Roman Catliolic ])arish to devote one-fourth of its annual church revenues to the support of a school for the parish. Under the provisions of this Act all the wealthier parishes were able t) [U'ovide schools under local control and acceptable to the peo|)le. In the year 1829 the first pul)lic Elementary School Act for the Province was passed. This Act provided that five trustees, elected in each ])arish or township, should have the management of schools in the parish or township. A grant, not exceeding £50, was made to them if they erected a school house. They also re[)orted to the Legislature. An annual grant of £20 was made to each teacher, and also a grant of ten shillings for each pupil up to fifty. Masters of independent schools, and religious communities educating children of the poor, might avail tliemselves of the provisions of the Act. It should be noted, in reference to this hrst form of our public school system — (1) that the schools were voluntary, free, and without taxation, except for the erection of school houses ; (2) that although the schools established under this Act took their colouring, as to language f It T HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION. xvii and religious teaching, from the communities which main- tained them, they were common schools, recognizing no religious distinctions in the community; and (3) that this Act was limited in its operations to the country districts, special grants being provided for schools in the cities and towns. f Amendments, defining and elaborating the provisions of ' this Act, were introduced by the Legislature each year during I the next five years. School fees were imposed upon children attending school. The number of school districts was fixed. ^k School inspection was provided for in the api)ointment of j I nineteen school visitors, to act with the clergy and the mem- j bers of each county. Certain conditions are prescribed, upon which the grants were paid. The teacher was required to \ obtain a certificate of capacity from the clergymen, justi(ie ' j of the peace, and resident member of the Legislature. Ten I shillings as prize money was granted to each school, to ho, ;l paid through the member of the county. Teachers who ji were able to teach both languages were granted £-1 extra. I The gradual tendency of all these amending Acts was to '! give the absolute control of these schools to the county * members of the Legislature, by making all grants for school I purposes payable through them, or upon their report. Teachers, trustees, and parents came to feel that they could not run counter to the wishes of the member of the county in any respect, without forfeiting their school grants. This objectionable feature was so prominent in a Bill which passed the Legislative Assembly in 1836, that it was rejected by the ,,. Legislative Council, and in their report the Council state s" that the Bill was rejected l)ecause of the dangerous powers which it proposed to accord to the members of the Legisla- tive Assembly. A portion of this Bill, providing for the establishment of Normal Schools, was reintroduced as a separate measure, and became law, but owing to the troubles of the next few years it failed to produce any satisfactory results. By the rejection of this Bill of 1836 the country was again left without any school system, except the Fabrique Schools and the Royal Institution, and in consequence of the troubles of the next few years no regular system was established, until after the union in 1841. XVIU MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. f Altlioui^di tlii.s school law of 1829-32 and the amending Acts left much to be desired, over 1,500 elementary schools were established iind(?r its }»rovisions in the rural sections of the Province. And while the extraordinary powers which the Act conferred upon the members of the Legislature were not always used to the advantage of education, it enabled those members who were interested in the encouragement of education, such as Dr. Meilleur and Mr. Joseph F. Perrault, to exercise a powerful intluence for good upon the educa- tional work of their counties. The important points connected with this formative period of our school law may be summ irised as follows : — 1. The system was a voluntary and temporary one. There was no tax im|)osed upon the property of the inhabitants for school pur[)oses. If they wished for a school they were require(l to provide a suitable building, and to pay certain fees for the children in attendance. 2. The teachers were i)aid directly by the Government. 3. There was no efficient supervision of the schools. There Avas no Superintendent of Education, and no paid inspectors. The clergy and the meml^er for the county exercised the chief control. 4. All grants were paid upon a certificate, of the local trustees and of the county member, that the necessary conditions had been fultilled. III. FROM THE UNION TO CONFEDERATION, 1841-1867. Between the rejection of the Bill of 1836 and the Union of the two Provinces in 1841, two important events occurred in connection with the history of education in the Province. In 1838 an elaborate report on the state of education in the Province was drawn up under the direction of Lord Durham, giving a detailed account of the history of educa- tion from the beginning of the century, and making some important recommendations. In 1841 an important series of letters, by Charles Mondelet, concerning a public school system for the Province, was mi f m HI.STOHICAL INTliUDLCTION. XIX jmblislicd. These two discussions of the educational con- dition of the Province prepared tlie way for the Act of 1841. According to the })rovisions of tliis Act — (1.) A Common Scliool Fund was estahlislicd ; (2.) A Suiierintendent was jirovided for, whose duty it was to distribute grants, and to visit the sclmols ; (3.) The district or Municipal Council was authorized to levy school taxes for the ]>uilding »>f school houses and the maintenance of schools ; (4.) Five School Commissioners, elected by the people, managed the schools, examined the teachers, and determined the course of study and the text-books : (5.) The religious minority might dissent and establish schools of their own ; (6.) In the cities a Board of Kxaminers was provided, divided into two sections, Roman Catholic and Protestant^ who examined teachers, regulated the course of study, text- books, etc., and visited the city schools. This law of 1841 introduced the principle of compulsory taxation for the maintenance of schools ; but as the power of taxation was left in the hands of the district council, whose members were appointed by the Government, the measure was stoutly resisted by the people, on the ground that they were left without control as to the amount of tax that should be imposed. Owing to this opposition, the strong efforts put forward by Dr. ]\reilleur, the first Superintendent, to put the Act into operation, met with little success, and it was not until 1846, when the Act was modified so as to place the power of taxation in the hands of the Commissioners elected by the people, that it could be generally enforced. And even then the prejudices aroused by the Act of 1841 were so strong, that opposition to the Act of 1846 was con- tinued in many parts of the Province. The school law adopted in 1846, and amended in 1849,. is substantially the same as the present school law of the Province. It has been modified in many of its details, and some important additions have been made, but the general principles of the Act of 1846 still continue in our present law. This Act was based upon the then existing school law XX MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. of the State of Now York, whicli liad ivceivod favourable; mention in tlie lt»tters of Cliarlea Mondclet, already referred to. This Act of 1816 contains provisions concerning a school in each township or parish ; the election of School Com- missioners ; tlie duties of School Commissioners ; the levy and collection of school taxes : the support of a model school in each Municipality : the establishment of dissentient schools ; special regulations for the cities of (i)uebec and Montreal ; a Board of Kxaminers for candidates for teachers' di{>lomas in (^)uebec and Montrcsal ; and a Superintendent to take charge of the working of the school law. Although i)r. ]\[eilleur, the Superintendent, met with a good deal of opposition in his efforts to put the provisions of this law into o[)eration throughout the Province, it gradually worked its way into favor, and in a short time ntMxrly every section of the Province had organized schools under its ]">rovisions. As the law of 184G Avhich we have been considering is identical in its general principles with our present educational system, a reference to the more ini})ortant amendnuuits since introduced is all that is now required to complete this outline. In 1852, in accordance with provision made the previous year, twenty-four School Inspectors were appointed to (^xamine and report upon the schools of the Province. This mimber has since been increased to forty-two. In 1855 Ur. ]\[eilleur, the iirst Superintendent of Schools in this Pro- "N'ince, re-signed after a service of thirteen years, and was succeeded ])y the Hon. P. J. 0. Chauveau, who held the position of Superintendent until 18G7, and then continued his work as iMinister of Education until 1873. Shortly after the lion. Mr. Chauveau came into office, he succeeded in carrying out many of the suggestions that had been frequently urged by Dr. Meilleur. In 185G provision was made for the establishment of Normal Schools, a Journal of Education in French and English, and a Council of Public Instruction. The three existing Normal Schools were opened in 1857. A Journal of Education in French and English was published IIISTOHICAL INTRODUCTION. XXI the same year, aiul a Council of Pu])lic instniction, composed of fifteen nieniltors, held its first meeting in January, 1860. Up to this date the Superintendent had been alone in the management of the educational matters of the Province. Hy the appointment of the Council, fourteen men were associated with the Superintendent in the consideration of s(mie of the more imjiortant educational business of the Department of Public Instruction. l)uring this ])eriod a large nund)er of indepenilent institu- tions of superior education were established, and among them the three universities of the Province. AVe have already referred to the founding of the (.Jrand Seminary of (,,)uebec by jiishop Laval. In 1854 this institution was accorded university powers by Royal charter, under the name (»f Laval University. In 1811 provision was made by the bequest of the Hon. -lames McCill, for the establishment of McCill College, which was erected into a University by Royal charter in 1821, and re-organized by an amended charter 1852. It was from this last date that the important work of the University began, under the direction of the new Principal, Sir William Dawson, who gradually raised the U'niversity to the proud position which it now occupies among tlio educational institutions of this continent. Li 1843 an institution of superior education at Lennox- ville, in connection witli the Church of England, was incorporated ])y the Legislature under the name of Bishop s College. In 1852 P>ishop's College was erected into a University by Royal charter, and lias since provided courses of instruction in Arts, Divinity, Law, and Medicine, and granted degrees in the same. In connection with Bishop/'s (.'ollege there is a large boarding scliool, conducted upon the j»lan of the English public schools, and residence is also provided in the College buildings for the students in Arts and Divinity. In 1855 St. Francis College, Richmond, was incorporated, and in 1860 Morrin College, Quebec, was founded. In addition to the foregoing Protestant institutions, the list of Roman Catholic classical colleges was increased by the XXll MANI'AL OV sCHool, I,.\\\'. ostal)lishm<>nt of t\v<'Ivo iitMitioiuil institutir;iry'.s Colleg**, Montreal, was cstiihlisli.Ml hy tlio Jusiiit Fathers, wlio ha.l roturiK'd to Canada in ISPJ. The (•••Uejjfc, wliidi was opnnod in 1848, was incorporatt^l hy the I*r"vincial Legi.«lature in 1852. 8urli were llu5 more important features of our cdueational system at the time of confederation. IV. 1890. rUO.M COXrEOERATKJN ID I HI-: PllKSKNl TIME, 18()7 Since confed.'nition a nuiiiher of im]ii)rtant amendments have l)een made to y the new Legislature of (.^ueljcc, svhich contained seyeral important provisions. These were adopted after numerous consultations between leading representatives of the Protestant minority and the Irovernment of the day. Among other things it provided that the Council of Public Instruction should be composed of fourteen lioman Catholics and seven Protestants, and that these two sections should be committees of the Council for the consideration of matters pertaining to schools of their own faith. These committees could not take any formal action, however, except through the Council. It also provided tluit grants for superior education should be divided between the lioman Catholic and Protestant in- stitutions, according to the Koman Catholic and Protestant population of the Province. The law of 1869 also extended the privileges of dissen- tients in several respects, and established the present system of the division of school taxes upon incorporated companies between the minority and the majority in a municipality in proportion to the number of children attending their respective schools. t '«' niSTOniCAL INTRODrCTIOX. XXlll t Vory important ohaii<,'os wore also niado by this law of 1869 in the (Mlueational system of the cities of (Quebec an[ontreal was to receive from the (rovernment grant one-fourth, and (Juel^ec t\V(»-thir)f the Province should be ex-olHcio mem- bers of the Council of Public Instruction ; (2) that one-third of the Council should be I'rotestant ; and (3) that each of the two committees of the Council should have the power of separate and independent action in reference to all matters which concern the educational work under their respective C(jntrol. This was a most important provision. Under it each committee appoints its own chairman iind secretary, and conducts its ])usiness as an independent council. Upon the recommendation of Roman Catholic or Protestant Com- mittee, as the case may be, Professors of Xormal Schools, School Inspectors, members of the J>oards of Examiners, and the Secretaries of the Department of Public Instruction, are appointed by the Government. By placing the choice of these officei3 for Protestant institutions in the hands of the Protestant Committee, an important guarantee has been given that these a})pointments will be made in a manner acceptable to the Protestant minority. And although it is not stated in the law that one of the two Secretaries of the Department of Public Instruction shall be a Protestant, this is practically secured by the method of appointment. XXIV MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. In 1888 a number of amendments were made to the school law, chiefly referring to details, and in the same year the school laws were codified. Among tlie most important amendments were, first, the provision for establishing a C.'entral Board of Examiners to replace the local boards, and second, the provision for the election of a member of the Protestant Committee by the Provincial Association of Protestant Teacliers. In the same year the regulations that had been adopted from time to time by the Committees of the Council of Public Instruction were collected and revised. Xew regulations were introduced where necessary, so as to form a complete system of school regulations! These regulations are now published in pamphlet form, and form part of the School Code of the Province. ^This completes the historical sketch of our school law. We have been compelled to omit many important and interesting details, but the events outlined will give the student an intelligent grasp of the successive stages by which the present educational status has been reached. REGULATIONS OF THE PROT EST ANT COMMITT E E. c II SCHOOL REGULATIONS KE VISED HV THK Proteslant Cominitlee of the Council of Public Instruction, i And approved by Order In Council, SUth Xovemher, ISSS, ^' WITH AMP^NDMENTS TO Lst JAN., 189,3, (1). COXCERXINCI SCHOOL INSPECTORS. Examination. 1. There shall be a Board of Exariiiners for the ex- ainiiuitioii of candidates for the position of inspector of Protestant schools, composed of three members, one of whom shall be the principal of the McGill Normal School. The remaining two members shall l)e ap- pointed by tlie Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction. 2. The expenses of this Board of Examiners shall be paid, partly from the deposits of the candidates and partly from the contingent expenses of the Depart- ment of Public Instruction. 3. The examiners shall prepare the questions^ con- duct the examinations in writing, value the answers, and make a written report of tlie results to the Pro- testant Committee at the first meeting after the examination. 4. Candidates for the position of inspector of Pro- testant schools shall appear before the Board of Exam- (1) * Signifies "As amended 6th Nov., 1889." t Signifies "As amended 24th Sept., 1890." X Signifies "As amended 14th Nov , 1890. ' § Signifies "As amended 25th Feb., 1891, " 4 EEGULATIONS OF THE I'KOTESTANT COMMITTEE. iners, or before a sub-coinniittee of the Protestant Committee appointed for the purpose, at Quebec, at the time appointed by advertisement given by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 5. Each candidate sliall forward to the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, at least six days before the time appointed for tlie examination, the following documents. {a) A written application for appointment stat- ing the religious belief of the candidate, and his age, which must not be less than 25 nor more than oO years ; {b) Testimonials of good character and conduct, according to Form Xo. 1, prescribed for teachers ; ((;) Certificates of literary attainments and (jualitications, of university degree, and of honors, if any, and other particulars bearing upon his (jualitications ; {(I) Certificates showing (1), that he holds a diploma, (2) that he has taught at least five years, (',■}) that he has not discontinued teaching more tlian five years. 6. Each candidate shall deposit six dollars to defray the cost of advertising in the Quebec Official Gazette, and for other necessary expenses. 7. Each candidate shall be examined with reference to : {'() The methods of teaching the sul)jects of the authorized course of studv : (/') The organization, discipline and management of schools ; {(') Tlie duties of inspectors, school boards and teachers, ;ind the djicration of the school law and I'cgulations of the Province. Fifty per cent, of the marks in each of the three divisions of the ex- amination will Ijc rc(|uired for passing. ^*'- SCHOOL INSPECTORS. n' §8. The documents produced by the candidates, and the results of their examination shall be submitted to the Protestant Committee for their approval, and the I'andi .ces found qualified by the Committee for the position of inspector shall be granted certificates of the first or second class, according to Form No. 2. Duties of School Inspectors. 9. It is the duty of school inspectors : — 1. To visit each school of their inspectorates twice every year, giving two hours, on an average, to th(» inspection of each school ; 2. To exanune the pupils upon the authorized course of study, and to insist upon the course l^eing followed by teacher and pupils. 3. To transmit to the Superintendent (a) the names of those teachers who are eminently successful in carrying out the course of study, and (h) the names of teachers who, after warning, neglect the course of study or teach without a proper time-table ; 4. To ascertain whether the regulations for teachers and for pupils are observed, and to note especially the classification of the pupils, the arrangements and allot- ments of the time-table, and the manner in which the school journals and registers are kept ; 5. To examine the methods of instruction followed by the teacher ; 6. To give a few model lessons in the presence of tlio teacher ; 7. To ascertain what methods are used in maintain- ing discipline ; 8. To give such advice to the teacher arf may be ■deemed necessary ; 9. To encourage teachers to preserve the best speci- mens of their pupils' w^ork on the authorized form of 6 EECIULATIONS OF THE PROTESTANT COMMITTEE. test-sheets, in order that the inspector may examine them at his next visit and transmit to the Snperin- tendent specimens worthy of being exhibited ; 10. To ascertain whether the regulations concernnig schoolhouses, closets, apparatus, etc., are observed, and especially wliether the necessary air space per pupil has been provided, and whetlier proper attention is paid to the heating and ventilation of the school rooms ; 11. To fill up a bulletin of inspection for each school, and to transmit the l)ulletins of each municipality to the Superintendent as soon as the inspection of the municipality is com[)leted ; 12. After inspecting the schools of a municipality, to report the lesults to the commissioners (or trustees), under the following heads : (1) Condition of the schools of the municipality as to ; (a) The use of the course of study, {h) A uniform series of text-books, (c) The use of definite time-tables, id) Schoolhouses and closets, {c) Apparatus (blackboard, authorized jour- nal, etc.) (2) Serious defects in ; (a) The municipality as a whole, {h) Particular schools, (r) Individual teachers, (o) Any action that should be taken by the school commissioners (or trustees) to improve the condition of their schools ; 13. To classify, in their annual reports to the Super- tendent, the school municipalities of their inspectorates under the following heads : — 1, Excellent ; 2, Good ; 3, Middling ; 4, Bad ; 5, Very bad ; arranging the members of each class in order of merit. The classifi- PRIZE BOOKS. %> WJ- cation shall be based upon tlie following points, each of which shall be valued at ten marks :— 1. The length and arrangement of the school year. 2! The condition of sclioolhouses, closets and grounds. 3. The supply of apparatus, blackboards, author- ized school journals, maps, etc. 4. The use of tlie course of study. 5. The use of a uniform series of autliorized text- books. 6: The salaries of teachers and the method ot payment. 14 To examine the books of the secretary- treasurers and to ascertain whether they are kept in accordance with the authorized form ; • i . 15 To hold a meeting of teachers m each county, when required by the Superintendent, for the purpose of considering the ditticulties, defects and desirable mi- provements of the schools of the county and the best methods of organizing and teaching elementary schools ; 16 To co-operate with the directors of the Teachers Institutes in making all necessary arrangements for the institutes to be held in their respective inspector- of pa • 17. To forward their annual reports and statistical tables to the Superintendent before the first of August each year. Pi'ize Boohs. 10 The inspectors shall distribute the prize books furnished by the Department of Public Instruction as follows -—1. In the municipalities that are endeavour- incr to comply with the provisions of tlie school law and regulations ; 2. In the schools in which tlie teach- ers are endeavouring to carry out the course of study m accordance with a definite time-table ; 3. To the pupils ■tf mum Hi HFJil'LATIONS OF THE PROTKSTANT COMMITTEE. wlio are taking- regularly the sul»jects of the course of study. 11. Prizes shall be awarded for general proficiency in all the suhjects of the course of study, but if the examination is unsatisfactory no prize shall ))e given. 1 2. Prizes shall be given upon the actual results of tlie examination by the inspector and upon the infor- mation obtained from the teacher. It is desirable that one prize at least should be given in each of the classes of the school. An extra prize may l)e given for attend- ance and conduct as shown by the school journal, but this shall be distinct from the prizes for proficiency, and shall not be given unless a school journal has been regularly kept. 13. Prize books given l)y the inspectors shall not be distributed at public examinations or closing exercises in lieu of prizes to which pupils are entitled from the teachers or school boards. 14. The inspector shall fill up and sign the label to be found in each prize book. 15. The inspector shall enter on the school visitors' Kigistei' the name of each pupil to whom he gives a. prize, his ai^e, the subject for which it was awarded, ;ind the title of the book given. The inspector shall see that the teachers are provided by the school com- missioners (for trustees) with a school visitors' regis- ter, separate from tlie school journal, and in schools where there is no register, he shall give no prizes. 16. The prize books are divided into two classes, lionian (Jatliolic and Protestant, distinguished by si)e- cial labels, and inspectors sliall observe this division in distributing the prizes to pupils. iM 7 BOARD OF EXAMINERS. \) ^ *? 11. CONCERNING THE PROTESTANT CENTRAL BOARD OF EXAMINERS. 1 7. The Protestant Central Board of Examiners sliall alone have the power to grant diplomas valid for Protestant schools. 18. The diplomas granted by the Central lioard of Examiners shall be of three i^^rades, viz. : — Elementary, Model School and Academv, and these are valid Un- any Protestant school of the same grade in the Pro- vince. 1 9. There shall be three classes of eleriientary di- plomas and two classes of model school and academy (Uplomas. Third class elementary diplomas shall be valid for one year only. §20. The cities of Montreal, Quebec and Sherbrooke shall be centres of examination for the three grades of diplomas : and the following places shall be centres of examinaiion for elementarv and model school diplomas, viz. : — Shawville, Aylmer, Lachute, Hunting- don, Cowansville, Waterloo, Stanstead, Itichmond, Inverness, New Carlisle, and Gaspe Village. f21. The examination of candidates shall begin at the local centres on the first Tuesday in July, or the last Tuesday in June each year, as determined by the l*rotestant Committee. 22. Each candidate shall notify the secretary of the Central Board of Examiners, in accordance with Form No. 3, at least fifteen days before the date of the examination, of his intention to present himself for examination. 23. Each candidate shall deposit with the secretary of the Central Board before his examination, /v-s'/, a certificate of good moral character, according to the 10 i;K(;i:LATinNs of tiik I'Kotp:stant committee. antliorized form No. 1, sii^ned by the niiiiister of tlie ('onLrietisms, or (»ther sufficient proof, show- inj:^ that he was at least eighteen years of age last birthday. 24. Each candidate for an elementary or model school diploma, shall pay to the .secretary of the Central l)oard the sum of two dollars, and each candidate for an academy diploma three dollars. These fees shall he used in })aying the ex})enses of the Central Board of Examiners. Tiie fees shall not be returned to a candidate who has failed to obtain a diploma, but at the next examinati(»n such candidate may {igain pre- sent himself without extra payment. The candidate or candidates taking the higliest number of marks and a second class elementary diploma shall be exempt from fees. 25. Candidates shall be examined in each subject by printed examination papers. These examination l)apers shall be })repared by the Central Board. 26. The examination at the local centres shall be under the charge of deputy-examiners appointed by tlie Protestant Committee. The school inspectors shall, when required, act as deputy-examiners, and addi- tional deputy-examiners may be appointed by the committee at a charge not exceeding fiye dollars per day. 27. The examination papers shall be sent, under seal, to the different deputy-examiners, to be opened by them on the days and hours fixed for examination, and in the presence of the cauilidates. Each candidate shall write his answers on the }»aper provided for him, and no other paper shall be used. i^ ROAlll) OK EXAMINKIIS. n 28. At the close of the time aUotted for each sub- ject, the answers of the candidates sliall he coUectetl by the deputy-examiner, phiced in the approi)riate envelope provided for the i)uri)ose, and sealed in the l)resence of the candidates, without hein<^' read by the deputy-examiner. Xo paper shall l)e returned to the candidates for correction or additions after it has ])een received from the camlidates. 29. At the close of the examination, the envelopes- containing the candidates' answers in the several sub- jects shall l.>e carefully packed tofrether and forwarded to the secretary of the Central lioard, I)ei)artment of Public Instruction, (^)uebec. 30. The answers sliall be read and valued by the members of the Central Board ; the number of marks accorded to each answer, and the total number of marks gahied by a candidate in each subject, shall l>e distinctly marked upon his papers. The ])apers of each candidate examined, thus marked, shall be fastened together and returned bv the secretarv, toi^ether with the report required by Keg. -1:2, to the Superintendent of Tublic Instruction, who shall immediately submit the same to the Trotestant Committee. 31. The rules contained in Keg. 50 shall l)e strictly observed in conducting the examination. At the hour fixed for opening the examination on the tii-st day^ after the candidates are seated, and l)efore the exami- nation questions are distributed, the rules in Keg. 50 shall be read aloud to the assembled candidates by the deputy-examiner. 32. Candidates for the three grades of diplomas shall be subject to examination in accordance with the requirements of the Syllabus of examination, issued from time to time by the I*rotestant Committee •|*33. Three and a-half days shall be allowed for examination for elementary diplomas, four days for 12 HRGULATIONS (»K TIIK l*H< >TKsT.\N F coMMITrKK. iiiodt'l sclior-*! diplomas, and five days for academy ok-keeping ; Physiology and Hygiene ; School Law. Do. 2-5. * Algebra ; *(Teometry. Friday, 9-12. *French, MODKL. +Roading, Writ- ing, Dictation ; Arithmetic. ACAD KM Y. tReading, Writ- ing, Dictation ; Arithmetic. (Grammar (SrComp. ; ( Jraminar& Comp.; Literature. | Literature. History, Scripture ' History, Scripture and English ; and Englisli ; (Geography. T>rawing ; Art of Teacliing. lV)ok -keeping ; Physiology and Hygiene ; School Law. Algebra ; Cieometrv. Do. 2-5. Saturday, 9-12. Do. 2-3h. French ; Botanv. *Latin. Geography. Drawing ; Art of Teaching. liook-keeping ; Physiology and Hygiene ; School Law. Algebra ; Geometry. French ; Botany. Latin ; Roman History. Greek ; Grecian History. Trigonometry. t Reading may be taken any time on Tuesday. * French, Algebra, and Geometry are not compulsory for a Second or Third Clast) Elementary Diploma ; but those candidates only who pass the examination in these subjects »re eligible for the First Class Diploma under Regulation 37. MOAKI) OF EXAMINKUS. 13 •f-IIS. Candidatos for elementary (li])loinas nnust take at least fifty ]»er eeiil. <)f the marks in each of the subjects, Writim:, Arithmetic, (Jeo,nra]>hy, (Irammar, Scri}>tiire, History, ami the Art of Teachin.Lj, and at least one-third of the marks in each of the other subjects. Candidates for moijel school diplomas must take fifty ]>er cent, of the luarks in each of the subjects, Writing, Arithmetic, (feo|L,a"a])hy, (Irammar, Scripture History, Knj^lisli History, Art of '^eachin<.,^ (leometry and Alf the marks must be taken by all candidates in spelling. 36. Candidates for any diploma, who obtiun sixty per cent, of the a,i»;Liregate marks, shall be entitled to second class diplomas. Candidates for elementary diplomas who obtain forty-five per cent, ami less than sixty per cent, of the aggregate marks, shall be entitled to third class elementary di}»lloma. *39. Candidates for elementary diplomas who fail in one or two subjects of the examination, may, on the recommendation of the (Jentral lioard of Examiners, be granted thinl class elementary diplomas, and candidates so recommended shall be entitled to receive second class elementary diplomas at the next examina- tion u])on passing in those subjects in wliicli they failed. 40. A person holding a di[)loma as teacher granted l)y extra provincial examiners, who desires to obtain a diploma for this Province, shall be exempted by the (Jentral lioard of Examiners from examination in any subject in wliich he passed creditably in his extra- provincial examination. Sucli person, however, is re(pured to submit to tlie Protestant Committee the following documents : — {a) A programme showing the subjects and the nature of the examination upon which he obtained his extra-})rovinc)al diploma ; {f>) A certiricd statement of the marks obtained in each subject of the examination ; ((•) Tlie diploma which he holds ; ((/) A certificate of age, and a certificate of moral chai-acter according to the authorized form No. 1 ; If these documents are satisfactory the Superintend- ent may, if necessary, grant a permit to teach until the date of examination. And no exemptions from examinations shall be granted without a recommendation to that etfect from i. <*'^/ BOARD OF EXAMINERS. 15 m. r •a the Protestant Committee, after considering all the circumstances of the case, naming the subjects for exemption and the grade of diploma that may be given. vSuch person, iipvjn passing the examination in the remaining subjects prescribed for said grade of diplomn., and in the h>chool Law and llegulations of the Province, and paying the prescribed fees, shall be granted a diploma of the grade reconnnended b^' the Protestant Committee. •f-4 I . Candidates who are Associates in Arts of not more than two years' standing shall be exempt from examination in the subjects in wliich they took at least 07 per cent, of the marks in the examination for the certiticate of Associate in Arts as folhnvs : — For all diplomas : — Scripture History and the Optional Subjects, (except Algebra, (leometry, French, Latin, and Creek, in the case of the Academy diploma.) For the elementary diplomas : — The Preliminary Subjects except dictation, in addition to the foregoing. 42. Tlie Central l^oard of Examiners shall cause a register of examinations to Ije ke})t, in which the secretary sliall enter the names of all candidates, and oi»p')site ench name the date of examination, the grade ' ^A diploma, tlie class of diploma, and the name of the lUmister sio'nin^' the certificate of moral character. The secretary shall tr^'iismit to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, ^'-'^hin thirty days from the date of exannnation, a special report of the board as to the results of the examination, containing the names of the candidates to whom diplopias were granted, and sucli other information us may be re([uired ])y the prescribed form of repori;, and as the board may deem it expedient to gi\o; such reports to be signed on behalf of the board by the pr sident or vice-president and the secretary. 4JJ. vn receipt of such report the Sui)erintendent shall i>si e to the secretary the rcipiired number of 16 REGULATIONS OF THE PROTESTANT COMMITTEE. diplomas, each diploma being sealed with the seal of the Department of Public Instruction. Xo diploma shall be valid without said seal and the signatures of the president, vice-president, and the secretary of the Central Board of Examiners. The diplomas shall be filled ill and mailed to the successful candidates by the secretary. 44. Whenever it is evident, from the report to the Superintendent, or from the papers of the candidates submitted to the Protestant Committee, in accordance with Keg. 30, or for other reasons, that the Central Board of Examiners has not conducted ?!iy particular examination in accordance with the provisions of the law and these liegulations, the Protestani Committee of the Council of Public Instruction may declare, either, first, one or more diplomas granted at said examination, or, sccojid, the whole proceedings of said Central Board of Examiners at said meeting, null and void, in which case the Board of Examiners and the candidates who received diplomas shall be notified thereof by the Superintendent. 45. Upon representation made in writing to the Protestant Connnittee of the Council of Public Instruc- tion by the inspector of any district, that a readier holding a diploma and teaching in a certain sclioul within his inspectorate, is not in his judgment qualified for the due discharge of the duties of the office held by such teacher, the said teacher may be recpiired by the Protestant Committee to present himself, or herself, before the Board of Examiners and be re-examined in accordance with 1905, li.S.Q. 40. The Board of Examiners shall forward to the Superintendent of Puljlic Instruction, in the month of July each year, a detailed statement of the receipts and disbursements connected with each meeting of tlie board lield durin;.' the vear. » 1 liOARD OF FA'AMIN^:R^^ 17 4 7. The Superintendent of rublic Instruction, or an y person delegated by him, may at any time inspect the J^egister and all documents of the (\.^ntral J>oard of Examiners. 48. No member of the Central Board of Examiners shall be present or take part in an examination of the board in which pupils of his own are interested. 49. The form of report of the Central ];)oard of Examiners shall contain a declaration to be signed by the president or vice-president and secretary of the board, stating that the examination has been conducted in strict accordance witli the regulations prescribed for such board. 50. The following rules for the examination shall be read to candidates before the examination. 1. The candidates are to be placed in the examina- tion room, so as to prevent copying or connnunications of any kind between them. One candidate only shall be placed at each desk which he shall occu])y through- out the examination. 2. At the hour appointed for the exaniination, the candidates being in their allotted places, the examination papers for that hour shall be o]_)ened and distributed to tlie candidates. o. The examination papers or any (juestion therein may be read aloud to the candidates by the deputy- examinei', but no explanation whatever shall bo given as to the meaiiing or purport of the (luestions. 4. No canditlate shall lie permitted to enter the examination room after the ex[)iration of an hour from the commencement of the exann'nations, nor after a candidate hiis left the exaun'nation r(jom. Any candi- date leaving the examination loom after the issue of the examinations papers in any subjcci shall not l)c permitted to return during ihe examination n^ the subject then in hand. 18 llKC.l'LATIONs OF THE PROTESTANT COMMITTEE. V" 5. No candidate shall aive or receive assistance of any kind in answerin''- the examination riuestions. Any candidate detected ^a) in taking into the ex- amination room or having al)ont him any book or writing from which he miglit derive assistance in the examination, (1)) in apjdying under any circumstances whatever t(.) other candidates, (c) in answering under any circumstances whatever a])plications from other candid ''^s, (d) in exposing written papers to the view of othei ^-^'^-Udates, (e) in endeavoring to overlook the w(ndv of "! ier candidates, shall be immediately dis- missed from tue examination. The plea of accident or foriietfulness shall not be received. (). Candidates shall write their answei's on one side only of the })a])er, 'ind shall use no other ])aper than that provided for them. Tiie use of blotting paper for rough drafts or for any writing whatever is strictly forbidden. 7. At tlic close of the examination all the paper furnished to a candidiate must be returned to the deputy-examiner. 8. Xo candidate shall have access to his answ^ers, and no alteration shall be made in a candidate's answers after thev are delivered to the deputv-examiner. 9. No persons, excejjt those taking part in the examination, shall Ije admitted into the examination room during the examination, and no conversation nor anything that mav disturb the candidates shall be allowed. 10. The candidates .shall l)e under the direct and careful supervision of the de})uty-examiner from the beu'inniuij of the examination to its close. 11. The de})uty-examiner of each local centre shall sign the following declaration at the close of the examination ;ind forward it to the secretary of the Central J)oard : — I i 1 «t- y i ACADEMY DIPLOMAS. J!) " I hereby solemnly declare that the examination of -has ])een conducted strictly in accordance with the special rej^-ulations prescribed for such examinations, that the envelopes containing the printed examination papers were opened, and that tlie envelopes containing the answers were sealed, in the presence of the candi- dates and at the time specified, and tluit the answers forwarded to the secretarv have been ^ivcn, to the best of my knowledge, by tlie pupils themselves, without assistance from the deputy-examiner, fellow- pupils, memoranda or text-book, during tlie time of examination. (Signature,) (( Dq) u hj-Exa iii in rr. " 12. The deputy-examiner shall send with the above declaration a plan of the examination room settimr forth the position occupied by each candidate. 51. The secretary of the Central Board of Examiners shall provide at each local centre (a) a suitable room in which to conduct the exanunation, (b) a supply of stationery, and (c) the required nundjer of examination papers. Academy Diplomas. 52. Each Academy 'Diploma, granted hereafter, shall clearly indicate the class of diploma and the particular provision of these regulations, under which the candidate receives the diploma. 53. Academy difjlomas granted by the Central Board of Examiners shall be second class academy diplomas. |54. Craduates in Arts from any British or Canadian University, who have passed in Latin, Greek, and 20 KECilLATIONS OF THE riiOTESTANT COMMITTEE. Freiicli, ill tlie DeLrree ExamiiKitions, or wlio liave taken at least second class standing- in these subjects in their Intermediate examination, shall be entitled to receive first class academy diplomas, provided that they have also taken a regular course in the Art of Teaching at the Mc(iill Normal School, or other public training institution outside of the Province approved by the Protestant Committee, and that they have paid a fee of three dollars to the said Committee. (Graduates who have not passed in French as pre- scribed above may, on application, be examined in that subjc' before the principal of the McGill Normal School, and, if satisfactory, such examination shall be acce}'^'^d >v beu of the prescribed standing in French in the University examinations. 55. Teachers taking academy diplomas in course from the McCill Normal School, who take at least second class standing in Latin and Greek in the Intermediate Examination of the Universities shall be entitled to receive first class academy diplomas ; other- wise their diplomas shall be second class. 56. Toiichers who hold (a) academy diplomas granted before the first 'luly, 1(S86, or (b) second class academy diplomas granted under these regulations, and who produce satisfactory proof to the Protestant Committee that tlicy have taught successfully for at least ten years, shall, wlieii recommended by the Committee, be entitled to receive first class academy dijdomas upon a payment of ii fee of three dollars. 57. i\iiy candidate who presents to the principal of the Mcliill Normal School, (a) the requisite certificate of age and of good moral character according to Form No. 1, and (b) satisfactory certificates that he has com])lied with eitlier of the foregoing regulations, 54 or 50, shall be recommended by him to the Superintendent I AC'ADK.MY DIPLOMAS. 21 ( of I'ublic Insti'uotioii, for uu academy diploma of the class to wliieli he is entitled under these regulations. 158. (Graduates in xVrts from anv lUitisli or Canadian Tniversity, who have ])assed in Latin and (Jreek, in tiie Degree Examinations, or who luive taken at least second class siandinii" in these sulijects in their Intermediate examination shall ])e entitled to receive second class academy di[)lonias fi'om the Protestant Central lioard of Kxaminers, i)i'o\ided they j)ass the examination in the Art of Teaching, School Law, Drawing, Physiology and livgiene, (and in French if not taken in the rniversity I^xaminations), as prescribed in the Syllabus of examination for candidates for Academy Diplomas. Such ( 'andidates shall present themselyes at Montreal, C)uebec or Sherl)rooke, at the time fixed for the examination under the Protestant Central ])oard. They shall also submit the reiiuired certilicates of a^'e and moral character and }»ay a fee of three dollars. •[■59. Candidiites for Academy Diplomas, who have passed the sessional examinations at thf; (.'ud of the second year of either of the LTniversities or the Province, shall be exempt from examination in those subjects in which they have taken at least a second class standing in the sessional examinations. ,*<• Extracts fru)n t/f Pros) ted ns of tlm McGilt Normal • J.. » ScJiool in ri'tation to Rftjalation -jJ^ : — To meet the requirements of graduates and undergraduates in Arts who, not having previously taken a Normal School course, desive to receive Academy diplomas of tlie first class, under Regulation 54, provision has ])een made for the delivery of a course of forty lectures on Pedagogy in the Normal School, oj)en to graduates in arts of any Pritish or Canadian University, to undergraduates of the third year and, with 22 IlE(iULATIOXS (JF THE I'liOTESTANT COMMITTEE. the pcriiiission of the Faculty ami the concurrence of the l*i'iiici])iil of tlic Normal School, to those of the fourth yeai'. IJnderfjjraduates will he permitted to teach the forty half days ref(.nre(l to al)ove at the times extending over the sessions of the Model School correspondin,L;' to the third and fourth years of their coIIgoc course. (Iraduates will he l)ermitted to teach in the Model Schools at such times as may h(^ agreed on with the Principal. All [)ersons taking tliis course of study in the formal School shall he held to l)e sul)ject to the regulations of the said school and to he under the supervision of its principal, while in attendance thereat. (Iraduates who have taken the ahove course of study in Pedagogy and the first class Academy di])loma, may he entered, if so desired hy them, in the published lists of the l^niversity as holders of such di}>l(^mas. The following is the syllahus of lectures on Pedagogy, open to graduates and undergraduates as ahove. TUK i.k<;al rosiTiox of tue teacuer. 1. Tlie organization of J'ublic Instruction in Quebec. 2. The relation of the teaciior to the Department of Pul)lic Instruction and to the I'rotestant (.'onimittee of tlie Council of PubHc Instruction. .S. The relation of the teacher to school commissioners and parents. 4. The relation of the teacher to pupils. 5. The teacher as a meml)er of a profession. DiscirnNE. (). Discipline as a means of immediate pleasure to pupils. 7. Discipline as tending to school su(.'cess. 8. Discipline as a preparation for life. 9. Discipline developing character. 10. Dis- cipline enforced by authority. I INSTRUCTIOX IN SPECIAL SUBJECTS. 11. English reading, writing, grammar. 12. Literatiu'e, com- position. 1,'i. French. 14. The classics. 1."). Number; arithmetic and algebra, Ui. I'orm ; geometry. Nund)er and form ; trigono- metry and mensuration. 17. Geograpiiy and history. 18. Botany anil chemistry. 19. Drawing and music. 20. The acquisition of general knowledge. I'HVSICAL DEVELOPMENT. 21. Health. 22. Growth. 2.S. The training of the eye. 24. The training of the ear. 25. The training of the hand. (LASSII'ICATION OF .SCIIOULS. •s.\ MKNTAI, DKVKLtH'MKNT. 26. The training of the analytic facnlty. 27. Ohservation and experiment. 2S. The liaining of the synthetic faculty. 20. Under- standing. HO. Judgment and rea-son. 'M. Inventicm. '.Vl. Imagi- nation. 83. Memoiy of .sen.sations. ,*U. Memoiy of conceptions. 85. Verbal memory. MORAL DKVELOl'.-VrENT. .so. Training in truthfulness. 'M. In justice and purity. HS. In philanthropy and patriotism. 30. In earnestness. 40. In good manners. n III. CO^TERNIN({ THE CLASSIFICATKJX OF SCHOOLS. 60. The ediicalioiial iii.stitutioii.s of ilie Provinee are divided into Elenieiitarv Hcliools, Institutions for superior education iind Xovnial Schools for the instruc- tion and trainini'' of teachers. 61. Protestant Institutions of Superior Education are classified as follows : — 1. Chartered Universities and intMji])orat(,'tl ( ollec-es afliliated thereto, which are required to tnake a return of tlieir annual written examinations lo the Superin- tendent in addition to the airnual report made hy such institutions. 2. Academies and High Scliools providing instruc- tion, in Englisli, French, Classics, ^Mathematics, and Science, ade(|Uate to the standard of matricidation in tiie Universities or for the Certificate of Associate in Arts. .'i Alodel Schools providing instruction in Algebra, (Jeometry, French and the Latin elements, in addition ,s of the elemeni ibji ■-y 62. The following shall be the course of sttidy for Protestant Elementary Schools, Model Schools and Academies. L'4 KKori.ArioN's ()|- TIIK I'l.'OTKsTANT CO.MMIT'I'KK. KLIy MKNTAIlV GKADK 1. SJrBJPX'TS (iKAJ)E II, Scriptiirc Know- TIi<' tlist li.ilf lioiir of ''acli diiy to lie dcvotrd lo the Opening If'lj^i' 'rnithCuliios, lloiioiii-. i;cs|.cc't for otluTs, (iood ."\IatiiUTh, i r.coK 1. I n(>(d< II. Itfiidlng ; Tilt' iiiciudiiu' and «)ii'!lii\.Lr of tlu- words of the lesions, tlit- I juri of tlu'woi-k id' I'iicli mvitlc. SiiL-t'ial attention to Ik- I correctiics!-; of iironurii'lution. IHi'tiitioH iinil ' Wiii in;,' tilt! words of till- read- Coiiyini.' the rcadini: It'sson Si)tdlin,:.' jnj; lessen on slau-s from r.if on'slaics. Dictation of st>n- lilacl^lioard. U rifiii.Lr \v.>r(i> Imn's nnd dctaclicd words ilii lattMl liy iliiMcachi'r. Copy- from the lifutli-r. Oral 1114 words from tli • llcadci'. sl^tdlin^^ V/i-iiinir .Slait' cvrrfisi's in lioldin;,' Capilal Lcdlcrs. Alialvsis of I pencil anil in liand move- I^etfcr.-, Writin:;- on slates. nients. simj'le words and , Co; y \\ ritini-'-. I tJH'ir letters talten from t lie readin^K'sson. Small letters ■ and the iinmerals. | Ariilimetlc- Mental Arithmetic, .Vdilition .Mental Aritliinetie. Four , and Sulitraetion Willi ob.ieels, Sinii)ie Uules to slioi't ooks ncccs- l>ook I. Table-Card, Slate, sary for each Slate-pencil, grade 1 r.ook II. Table-Card, Slate, Slate-pencil, «.;oi)y-book, Blauk-bock, Pen, Ink. COUHSH OF STL'DV. '>^, ^ }, SCHOOLS. GRADE III. OKA OK l\. Kxcvci.Ht's, Iiistnicllon in MonilsjiliicliKliiif,' r('a(linn.« ■■•iid Lessons iipoiKiodliin'ss TeuipcraiiCL', Kimlncss to Anlnuils, &.v.,] uiietlnitions. Simple derlvu words. Meanings of words. Oial tioiis, orai Spelling. spelling. Copy wrifinjr. ICopy wiirinL', r.ii>iness Koi-nis, Elements of single i-.nlry llook-keeplii!-'. Mental Aritlimetle, Long I)i\ ision, Sim- ple examples in Krai'l ions and inCom- iiountl Numbers in ordinary use, and Ueview. ."vrental Aritliinetic, Sinii'l*' examples in l''raeiii'ns, Dcciiuals, i'cicenta;ic, In- terest, and .Meiisuraiion, and iJoview. LAXG[\\OK LESSONS. Hearting and coniniittin^' to memory in- teresting: and sini|)le seleotion> from the besi I'rosc and I'oetry in tlie Header, willi (piesiions upon rlie meaning and allusions of tlie selec- tions, tlie meaning of \vt)rds. and the Parts of Speech. I'arsin;;- and Analysis of sim|ilesenrencps. study of selections from tlie Reader Letter \\ rltiUj;. iJeseriptive ('omi)osi- tion. Map of Western Hemisphere, Drawing. 3Iap I Map of Eastern IIemisi)hcre. Map Drawing. '''^^?lf'^'?"^"\^'i'r ''.''- '•* •^'V'stand 'Selected events in the life of Christ and hi Old Testam.-nt History. Selections i in OIDKI> OliADK I. Tho fli'^t Iifilf lioiir nf each djiy to !)<> (lovot-t'd to foiirsc in ScMii)tiir(' Illstoiy.) HOOK IV. Dk'latliiii. derivation and viThal distinctions lor Co|t.v Writing, Huslness Forms and Slnfjle Entry Mental Ai'lthiiuiic, sinipli; examples In VulKur Frac- tions, and JU'vIl'W. I'iirsiiiB, AnaIy.'^is of Simple ScMtcnccs, Letter Writing, Desciiptlve'Cuniposlon, istiidy of selections from the Iteadei-. GeoKraphy. North America with sp(>cial study of 3Iap Drawing. )onilnlon, 1 History Outlines of Canadian History, Algebra . Geometry French Exercises in Words and rhrasos I % Latin Physiology and Hygiene. i One lialf hour per w»!ek for each Grade. Drawing. No. 'Z, Dominion Freehand Drawing Course. cur IIS K OF sTrr»v 27 SCHOOLS. OKADK II. On.VDK TT(. Opening Exercises, Instructlmi In IMoials and Scripture Hlstor.v. (Sec special 1 BOOK V Bonk V and selections from prescribed I poem each grade. Book-keeping for eaeli grade. Mental Arithmetic, Vulgar ami Deci Ueiiral Aiiilunetic, I'mviitage and its nial iMiictions, Coinponnd rules and ! a|)pli(ati()ns, Scmare Root, Siini)le ex- Itevlew. j aniplesln ^lensuration and Review. Etymology (Xoun, Ad ii'ctlve and I'ro- 'Ktyniologv, Analysis of easy sentences noun), Analysis of >iniple scniriices, and Review. L('tier Writing, ( ompo- Letter Writing, Composition, Study of sitioti, Goidsmltirs Deserted Village, selections from the Reader. i Europe with special study of the British jxorth and South America in detail. Mao Isles, Map Drawing. | Drawing. Outlines of English Hlstorv, The Simple Rules. Canadian History. (Easy exercises In Slmi)le Equations of I one unknown MUantity and in Factor's. iBook I, 1-20. Article, Noun and Adjective with writ- Ad,teetiv('s and Pronouns with Written ten exercises, Simple Tenses of (iroiv i'lxei'cises, Kegidar Verbs of the fmir am! rtx, Pres.. Imp., and Fut. Tenses { Conjugations. Translation, Dictation. ing. Arithmetic ^rental Aritliiuetic, Percentage and its applications, S(iuare lioot, .Simple Examples in Mensuration and Kevicw. English Etymology, Analysis of easy sentences and Kevicw, I Letter Writing, Composition, ttoldsmith's Deserted I Village. Geography North and South America in detail, Map Drawing. I . History Cana lian History. Algebra. Easy Exercises in Simple Equations of one unknown quantity and in Factoring. Ueometry — Book I. 1-20. French Latin. Adiectives and Pronouns, with Written Exercises, lifgular Verbs of the foin- Conjugations, Translation, Dictation. The four Conjugations, Written I^Ixercises and Review. Greek. Physiology and Hygiene One lialf hour per week for each Grade. Drawing No. 4, Dominion Freeliand Drawing Course. Special Col'use. COUIISE OF STUDY, 29 MIES. GPtADE II. GRADE III. Opening Exercises, Instruction in Morals and Scripture History. (See special Booli V. or Dramatic Reader. Book V. or Dramatic lieader. Copy Writing and Book-lteeplng. Complete Arithmetic. Syntax, .\nalysisof sentences, Composi- tion and Review, Scott's Lady of tlie Lake. Mensuration, Grammar, The Play of Shakespeare ap- pointed for tlie A. A. i^xamination, Scott's Lady of the Lake, Meikle John's Englisli Language and Literature. General Geography. British History. Grecian History and Roman History. Factoring, Fractions, G. C. M. & L. C. M., Simple Equations and Review. Books I. and II. Verbs, liegular and Irregular ; Written Exercises, Translation, Dictation. (Quadratic Equations, Involution and Evolution and Review. Books I., II. and III. Complete Grammar, Written Exercises, Translation, Dictation. Syntax, Ca'sar, Bell. Gal. Lib. I., 1-25. Grammar, Cspsar, Bell. Gal. Lib. I. II., Virgil, A-:neld, I. The Declensions, the Inflections of verbs Grammar, Xenophon's, Anabasis, I?ook I. in Omega and Mi. with exercises. I No. 5, Dondnion Freehand Drawing Course. One of the following snbieets :— Botany, Chendstry or I'liysies. General Review of Freehand and Geo- metrical Dtiuving, with l'(rsj)e(tive and Model Drawing. Onv of th(! following subjects :— Trigonometry, as in Haiiiblin Sndth, pj). l-KH) omitting chapter XI, Uotany, Chemistry or Pliy.sics. sgim ^'0 KECI'LATIONS uV THE ]»HOTE.STANT rOMMJTTEE. Academies and Model Schools. 63. Ill order that an institution may be recognized as an Acadeniy it must fulfil the following conditions ; 1, It must be under tlie control of, and receive finan- cial support from, tlie school board of the municipality in which it is situated. 2. A suitable scliool buildino-, ^ rnished with the necessary appliances, must l)e provided. o. It must be organized in three departments, viz. : Elementarv, Model School and Academy. 4. Tlu'ee teachers must l)e employed, one of whom must hold an academy diploma. 5. Tlie teachers must be eiiffitcred at fixed salaries by the school Itoard. G. The authorized course of study must be follow^ed in each department. 7. The pupils must })ass satisfactorily the annual written examination prescribed for such schools. 8. It must remain in session at least one hundred and eighty davs duriim- the year. Oct o », 64. In order that an iustitiilion may be recofjjnized as a ]\Iodel School it must fulfil tlie conditions prescribed for Academies, except that it may l)e' organized in two departments, elementary and model, under two teachers, one of wliom must hold, at least, a model school diploma. 65. It shall be com])etent, iiowever, for the Pro- testant Committee to recommend a si)ecial grant, to one school in a county, when the conditions requisite for a ]\Iodel School or an Acadeniy liave not been fulfilled. 66. No institution is allowed the change the title under whicii it is known, so as to transfer it from one grade of institution recognized by law to a higher « ACADEMIES AND >rODEL SCHOOLS. 31 f grade, without being previously autliorized to do so by the Protestaut Coiuniittee. 67. Every pupil desiring to enter tlie model schoijl department of a superior school must undergo an examination in tlie subjects of (irade III. Elementary Course, and pupils desiring to enter the academy department must undergo an examination in the subjects of the (rrade II. Model School Course. 68. The school board shall fix a uniform scliool fee for each department of a superior school so tl at there may be one fee for the whole course of study of each department, 69. Academies and :\Iodel Schools, that receive no grant in any year, must make application if they desire to be inspected by the inspector of superior schools the followino; year. 70. Academies and ]\Iodel Schools are re(piired to send to the Department of Public Instruction, before the first of July each year, specimens of school exercises in Writing, Drawing, .Alap Drawing and :Matlieniatics, prepared upon the a]:iproved form of paper, and these specimens shall be taken into consideration in the distribution of the o-rants. been Insiiedion of Academies and Model jSchooIs. 71. It is the duty of the Ins])ector of Superior Schools: — 1. To inspect the Potestant Academies and Model Schools of the Province at any time from 1st of October to the 1st of ]\Iay, giving one day at least to the inspection of each Model School and \wo days to the inspection of each Academy ; 2. To examine the l)uildings and furnishings of each school, and the condition of tlie outhouses ; ■ )^ REGULATION.S 01" THE I'K(JTESTANT COM.AIJTTEE. o. To note tlie iiuuilter of pupils on the roll, and the iiiiiiil)er present on the day of inspection ; 4. To ascertain how far the course of study is being- carried out in eacli school and what, if any, are tiie obstacles to this 1tein,ix done fully; 5. To iiKjuire into the work and the ])rogress of the work in the several i^rades : G. To examine the time-table, and ascertain whether it is judiciously framed or not : ft I, 7. To take notes of each teacher's method of con- ducting,^ his classes, whether he enlists the interest and attention of his juipils, whether tliere are indications of careful ]»reparation for the work on his part or not ; 8. To note the strong- and weak j)oints of each school; 9. To give each teacher, privately, such judicious hints anil suggestions in the conduct of his school as may seem necessary in the circumstances ; 10. To lill up the bulletin furnished by the Super- intendent for each school ; 11. To sultmit a general annual report upon the prescribed work (»f inspection at the September meeting of the (Committee, along with the tabulated returns of the results r»f the wiitten examination, and to submit an interim report upon tlie work of inspection at each of the three remaining quarterly meetings of the (Jommittee : 12. To prepare the examination papers in accordance with the authorized course of studv, that is, fifteen subjects in Academies and thirteen in Model Schools,, an 1 to submit them to the sub-committee on examina- tions, for revision and a])proval. 72. Tbe Inspector of Superior Schools shall, in the tai)ulated returns of the written examination, rei)ort in reuard to each school : — ACADEMIES AND MODEL .SCHOOLS. :\:\ id tlie being re the oi tbe .vhcthev oi cou- .^est and dicaiions t or not ; 3h school; judicious , school as ,lie Super- upon tlie )er meeting returns of t(> sul)n\it speeliou at tings of the 1 accordance at is, ii^teen ^Hkd Scliool^ on exaniina- s shall, in the nation, report 1. The number of pupils on the roll for the term in which tlie examination is held, and the numl)er present on the dav of examination. 2. The number of pu})ils presented for examination in each grade. 3. The number of pupils not classed in any grade, and the sii])iects taken hv tliem. 4. Tlie number of pupils that have passed in each grade, and the numl)er that have failed in each. 5. The information required in the form of report, in whieh tlie standing of the pu})ils in the several OTades shall be j-dven. anil separatelv the standini^ of the ungraded pupils in the subjects whieh they have taken, along with a copy of the exanunation papers. Writteii Examination of Academies and Model Schools. 73. Tliere shall he an annual written exanunation (jf the Protestant Academies and Model Schools held simultaneously under the direction of l(K-al deputy- examiners appointed by the Protestant Committee. The exanunation papers shall not be sent to a school which refuses to renuuierate its deputy-examuiers. -|-74. In these written exanu nations pupils shall be considered as having passed in their respective grades provided they pass in AVriting, Spelling, Arithmetic, (Iramnuu', C}eogra})hy, History, ScT'i})ture, French. Physiolofjv and Hvgiene and ].)rawin/ 5. Xo persons, exce])L tlie head teaeliers and the deputy-examiner shall ))e admitted into the schoolroom durini;' the exannnations, and neither teacher nor deputy-examiner shall communicate with any ])upil durinir the i)ro^ress of any examination. Anv neces- sary instruction shall he ,L>iven alontl to the whole class. G. At the hour ap])()inted for each snhject, after all hooks have heen i-emoved from tlie desks occupied, and the pupils have heen <^'iven their allotted phu^es, and provided with pa])er, hlotting' paper, pens and ink, the envelopes for that hour shall ho opimed and the exam- ination papers distributed to the pupils. 7. The exanunation papers or any (piestion therein may be read aloud to the ])upils by the deputy-exam- iner ; l)ut no explanation, wliatever, shall be given as the meaning or purport of tlie (pujstions. 8. Xo pupil shall be [)ernutted to enter the exam- ination room, after the expiration of an hour from the C(,)mmencement of the exanunation, nor after a pupil has left tlu* examination room. Any pupil leaving the exanunation room after the issue of tlie examination papers in any subject shall not be permitted to return durinu; the exanunation of the sub-'ect then in haiul. 9. At the close of the time allotted for each su])ject, the answers of the pupils shall be collected by the deputy-exanuners, ])laced in the appropriate envelope provided for the i)urpose, and sealed in the presence of the pupils, without being read by the teaclier or deputy- examiners. Xo paper shall l)e returned to the pupils for corrections or additions after it has been received from the pu])ils. 10. At the close of the examination, the envelopes containing tlie pupils' answers in the several subjects, shall be carefully packed together and forwarded to 38 KECULATIONS OF THE I'KOTESTANT COMMITTEE. the inspector of superior schools, J)epartiiieiit of PuIjIjc [iistructioii, (,j)uel)ec. 11. No pupil sIjuII give or receive assistjiiice of any kind in answerin*^^ the examination (juestions. Any pupil detected {(() in taking' into the examination room or havin<^r ahout him any ])ook or writini,' from which he mii^ht derive assistance in the examination ; (h) in applying under any circumstances whatever to other pupils : (e) in answering under any circumstances whatever a|)plications fiom other ])upils ; {(/) in expos- ing written ])apers to the view of other pupils ; (e) in endeavouring to overlook the work of other pupils, shall he immediatelv dismissed from the examination by the deputy-examiners. The plea of accident or for- getfulness shall not he received. 12. The head teacher and the deputy-examiners of each school shall sign the following declaration at tho close of the examination and forward it to the inspec- tor of superior schools : — We herel)y solemnly declare that the examination of has been conducted strictlv in accordance with the s])ecial regulations prescribed for such exam- inations, that the envelopes contaiinng the printed examination papers were opened, and that the envel- opes containing the answers were sealed, in the pres- ence of the pu})ils and at the times specified, and that answers forwarded to the Department have been given, to the best of our knowdedge, by the pupils themselves, withont assistance from deputy-examiner, teacher, fellow pupils, memoranda or text-books, during the time of examination. o- i f Deputy -Exami7iers. Signature m ? ° ( Teacher. ACADEMIKS AND MODEL SCHOOLS. :i9 ic. IV Cll in i 87. The following instructions sluill he ohserved hy the pupils : — 1. Write your name (or nuiul)er in case of Ch'a(U> I II. Academies), on the right hand u[»per corner of each ])age. 2. AVrite as plainly as you can, and use one side only of tlie paper. 3. Leave a margin on tlie left hand side of the page. Write in the margin notliing l)ut the number of the ([uestion you are about to answer. J)o not write the (piestion itself. Two answers on the same page must be separaU'd by a line. 4. You must on no account ask any one to explain the meaning of any question. 5. The full number of sheets, fastened together and given to you foj" writing your answ'ers, must be returned. No sheet is to be separated, torn out, or destroyed. Draw vour pen througli anv writing not intended as an answer or part of an answer. 6. Your answers must be written upon the paper provided. The use of other i)a]»er, 1)lotting paper, the printed examinati(>u paper, or shites, for rough drafts or any writing whatever, is strictly forbidden. 7. Y^ou must not communicate with any ])U])il or other person in the room, directly or indirectly, during the progress of an examination. You must not give or receive assistance of any kind in answering the questions, either from pujuls, memoranda or books. Any infraction of tliis or the preceding rule will involve the loss of the whole examination. Note. — Xo fees will be exacted for the examination of pupils of Academies under the control of the Protestant Committee, l)ut in order to obtain tlie certificate from the Universities the prescribed fee, viz. : !f4.00 for A. A. certificates, must be paid to the Secretary of the University Examiners. 40 KEiJUr.ATIONS OF TIIK I'lJoTKSTANT CO.MMITTKK. IV. C().\i;kkxix<; thk m.cill xokmal scirooL. SS. Tho Mc(;ill Xonnal Si^liool in iho city of Alontrcal is e.sliiUlisliud chictly for I ho [)urii()se of Iraiii- iii;^ t,eii<'ii(U's for llie I'roteslunt ])0|)nliili()ii, untl for all oilier r(,'li''ious (Iciioiniiiiilions of tlu; Pi'oviiico of (^).ii(;l)cc other th;iii the Koiiiim Catholic. The studies in this school are cari'ied on chielly in English, hut French shall also he lau^ht. 8*3. The Corporation of Alcdill rniversity is asso- ciated wiih the Suix'iintendent of Puhlic instruction in the directicju of the Alcdill Xornial School under the regulations of the Protestant Connnittee, and it is iiuthorized to appoint a standing' comniittee, consisting (»f live nienil)ers, called " The Normal School Coniiuit- toe," which sha,ll have the general supervision of the aJTairs of the Normal Scliool. 90. It shall he the duty of tliis ( ■ommittee, in con- junction with the Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction, under the regulations of the I*i'otestant CVunmiLtee of ihe Council of Piihlic Instruclion, to watch over the interests of the school, to supervise its expenditures, to make hy-laws for its government, to provide for all unforeseen emergencies, and to employ fi-om year to year assistants in the Normal and "Vlodd Si iiools other tiian the principal and prof* -f th(^ Normal School and tiie head master and ad mistre.^ s of tlie Model Schools. The Staff of the MrGill Normal and Model Schools. 91. The professors of the Normal School shall he divided into two classes, Ordinary professors and as- McfJILL NORMAL SCHOOL. 41 ■■;s M sociate ])!'() f(>,ssr)V.«<. These shall !•»' iindtT the dirt^clioii n|' a ja-ineipiil, who, as such, will have ])art icular duties to ix'ftorni, for which hii will hear the I'csponsihility. Any one of Uk; ordiuiiiy )>rol"cssors may Ix; chosen to lill the ollice. 2. Kach ordinary })rofess()r ni.'iy he re(|uired to t(\ac'h several hraiu'hes of study, and to dcN-oLe the whole of his time to the Xormal School. 13. The associate })rofessors shall teach one or more separate hranches, and shall not he re(juired to devote the whole of their time to the school. 92. There shall he a Head Master of the r>ovs' ^[(jdel School, a ITi.'ad Mistress of the Oirls' Model School and a ][eiid Mistress of the Primary School, and thev shall he under the Li'eneral direction of the ]»rincipal of the Xoi'inal Sclujol. Aimnal Srsslons of the Noiiihil (okI Model /Schools, 911. The Annual Sessions of the Xormal and ^lodel Schools shall hegin on the first school day of Septem- her of each year and end in the Normal ScIhxjI on the last school day of ]\Iay, and in the ^lodel School on the last school day of rlune. Such holidays shall be kept as are prescril)e(l by the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction, or by the Xormal School Committee. Coarse of Studjj. 94. The course of study in the Xormal Scliool shall embrace in each grade the subjects of the Syllabus of Examination for the teachers of that grade, together with such additional sul)jects as may from time to time be chosen by the Xormal School Committee. 42 IIEGULATIOX.S OF THE PROTESTANT COMMITTEE. The Model Schools shall conform as closely as possi- ble to tlie autliorized course of study for Elementary and ]\:[odel Schools. Terms of Admission. 95. Any liritish subject who produces a certificate of uood moral cliaracter from the minister of the con- uresi^ttion to wliicli he belongs, and evidence to show that he has completed the sixteenth year of his age, may be admitted to examination for entrance into the Elementary School Class, or, if he has completed his seventeenth vear, to the entrance examination of the Alodel School Class. 96. Previous to admission to the Elementary School Class every pupil- teaclier shall undergo an examination as to his sutiicient knowledge of reading, writing, the rudiments of grammar in his own language, geography, and arithmetic; before admission to the Model School Class he must give proof of his knowledge of the sul)- Jects of the previous year. Except as stated below, the examination shall take place before the principal, or before such other i)ei\son as he may specially appoint for the pur})ose. 97. All candidates who present certificates of hav- ing passed in (Jrade III. Model School Course, and all liolders of elementary school diplomas, shall be exem]»t from oxanunation for admission to the Elementarv School Class. All candidates who have passed at the A. A. examinations, taking two-thirds of the aggregate marks, and who have passed in French, and all holders of model school diplomas, shall be exempt from exam- ination for admission to tlie Model School Class. Holders of elementary school diplomas, desiring ad- mission to the Model School Class, shall be examined in Algebra, (ieometry and French only. McGILL NORMAL SCHOOL. 43 98. No candidate is admitted to tlie Normal School until the provisions of the school laws respecting ad- mission have been fulfilled. 99. Candidates shall be admitted to examination for entrance only at the times regularly appointed by the principal of the school at the beginning of the session. Candidates exempt from examination can only be admitted during the first week of the session except that teachers who may be actually engaged in teaching at the commencement of the session may, at the discretion of the principal, be admitted up to but not later than the close of the Christmas vacation. Nc teacher-in-training so admitted later than the first of October shall share in that part of the bursary fund which is distributed at Christmas. nt 1 rv 10 te rs n- ■iS. d- Gonditions of continuance in the Normal School. 100. Teacliers-in-trainimi: guilty of drunkenness, of frequenting taverns, of entering disorderly liouses or gambling houses, or keeping company with disorderly persons, or committing any act of immorality or insu- bordination, shall be expelled. 101. Each professor shall liave the power of excludinrj from his lectures any student who may be inattentive to his studies, or guilty of jiny minor infraction of the regulations, until the matter can l)e reported to the principal. 102. All teachers-in-training must in order to continue in the Normal School pass the Christmas semi sessional exannnations. 103. In exce})tional cases the principal of the Nor- mal School may admit on trial to the classes persons whose qualifications may be insufficienL for entrance. Such persons may be excluded from the school by the 44 RECTLATIONS OF THE PTUyrESTANT CO>r.MITTEE. principal wlieiievGr lie may jud^e it best so to do ; but none shall be permitted to enter or to remain on trial after the semi-sessional examinations. Boardhtij Houses. 104. The teacliers-in-traininir sliall state the place of their residence ; and tliose wlio cannot reside with their parents will be permitted to live in boarding houses, but in such only as shall be specially approved of. Xo 1)oarding houses liaving permission to board male teacliers-in-training will be permitted to receive female te.achers-in-training as boarders, and vice versd. 2. Tliey are on no account to be absent from their lodgings after lialf-past nine o'clock in the evening. o. They will l)e allowed to attend such lectures and public meetings only as may be considered by the Trincipal concbuuve to their moral and mental im- provement. 4. A co})y of the regulations sluiU be sent to all keepers of lodging-houses jit the beginning of the session. o. Tn case of lodgings being cliosen by parents or guardians, a written statement of the parent or guar- dian shall be presented to tlie principal. 0. All intended chauQ'es of lodo-in^s shall be made known beforehand to the principal or to one of the professors. 7. Boarding-houses shall be visited monthly by a connnittee of professors. 8. Special visitations shall be made in case of sick- ness Ijcing reported, either by professors or by ladies connected with the school; and, if necessary, medical attendance shall be procured. McGILL NORMAL SCHOOL. 45 but trial 9. Students and lodging-house keepers are required to report, as soon as possible, all cases of serious illness and all infractions of rules touchini^ boarding-houses. place > witli irding proved board receive versd. Q tlieir LUg. res and 1 by the ital iiB- it to all of tbe ireuts or or guar- be luade le of the Dbly by a .e of sick- by ladies V medical •X' 'i Attendance on Religious Instruction. 105. Teachers-in-training will be required to state with what religious denomination they are connected : and a list of tlie stndents coiniected with each denomi- nation shall be furnished to one of the ministers of such denomination resident in Montreal, with the re- quest that he will meet weekly with that portion of the teachers-in- training, or otherwise provide for their religious instruction. Every Thursday after four o'clock will be assigned for this purpose. 106. In addition to punctual attendance at weekly religious instruction, each student will be required to attend public worship at his own church at least once every Sunday. Prioileges of Teacher s-in-irah dug. 107. All teachers-in-training are entitled to free tuition. 108. At the close of the semi-sessional examina- tions the sum of $400 from the bursary fund w^ill be divided among the forty most successful pupils who do not reside at home witli parents or guardians during their attendance at the school. Similarly tlie sum of $800 will be divided at tlie close of the sessional ex- aminations. The remainder of the bursary fund will be divided as an allowance ior travelling expenses among Teachers-in-training residing in the Province of Quebec at a distance of more tlian ninety miles from Montreal, in a proportion determined by the excess of distance ^1 4G KEdULATIONS OF THE PROTESTANT COMMITTEE. above ninety miles, it being provided that no allow- ance for travelling expenses shall exceed ten dollars. 109. All teacliers-in-training who pass the semi- sessional examinations in the Normal School with 60 per cent, of the total marks and who have not fallen below 50 per cent, in any one of the groups of sub- jects, English, Matliematics, French and Miscellaneous, nor in any one of the subjects required by the Syllabus of Examination prescribed for diplomas of the grade to wliich they aspire, shall be entitled to continue in tlieir classes after Christmas. Except by the special permission of the principal, none others •shall be entitled to this privilege, nor to a share in the Christmas bursary. 1 lO. All teachers-in-training who attain the stand- ards defined aljove at the final examinations in the Xormal Schools shall be entitled to diplomas of the grade of the class to wliich they belong, and, except with the concurrence of the principal of the school and the professor of each suljject in which tliere has been failure, none otliers shall receive diplomas or share in the bursary fund. 111. All holders of elementary school diplomas obtained bv reaching tlie standards defined above shall \)(i entitled to admission to tlie Model School Class; none others, without the special permission of the principal. Such holders of elementary school diplomas as have taken not less than 75 per cent, of the total marks nor less than GO per cent, of those in any subject essential to the diploma according to the Syllal)us of Examination of the Protestant Committee of the (.'ouncil of Public Instruction, shall be entitled to admission among the " selected students " mentioned in the following paragraph, but others may be so admitted by the principal. McGILL NORMAL SCHOOL. 47 ow- 3. emi- 1 60 alien sub- BOUS, ^ the as of ed to pt by others in the stand- in the of the except ool and IS been hare in iplonias ve shall I Class; of the Uplomas the total subject labus of of the Ititled to lentioned ly be so Students for the Academy Diploma. 112. The Normal School shall bring up selected students at the end of the Model School year to the examinations for the entrance into the first year of the Faculty of Arts of the Universities. They may be examined either at the examinations for the Associate in Arts in June, or at those for the matriculation in autumn, and shall take the full coure of study in the first and second year. 2. Such students sliall be enrolled in the Normal School as students of the Academy Class, and shall be under the usual pledge to teach for three years. They shall engage in the practice of teaching at such times and in such schools as may be from time to time arranged by the principal in consistence witli their college work, and shall be under the principal and the retrulations of the Normal School. 3. On report of the colleges whicli such students may be attending that tliey liave passed creditably in the Christmas and sessional examinations respectively they shall be entitled to bursaries, not exceeding thirty dollars per session, in aid of fees and board. Such bursaries may be paid by the Normal School Commit- tee out of any fund available for the purpose. 4 On passing tlie intermediate, or equivalent examination, of the Universities, such students will be entitled to receive academy diplomas, in accordance witli the regulations of the Protestant Connnittee of the Council of Public Instruction for such diplomas. 5. Sucli students may, with tlie advice of the principal, attend classes at ]\Ic(}ill or its athliated colleges, or at lUshop's College, and the Normal School Committee shall nuike such arrangements as may be possible for free tuition at such colleges. G. It shall be competent to the principal of the Normal School to provide any tutorial assistance that !i i rnniumMr^rmnW^^ifm ,,,„os.o..--n,..'UOTE.i.vvrco.MrrrEK aca leiuv aivlcnnas as ■.>';"; '-^^^ ,rt,,„„ thereto aitei lou"or at the l''"^'"'*''^'' ,lv to take the degree o ScWn, fo. ^a tu,^ >u '" J- ^ ^,3 ,,ia bound to M Bachelor ot ^^^■'•^' ' "', *"t^.ach, and they shall not their engagements to t(,ac entitled to l.ursaries. Teachers' lodMes. of teachers in tiie ^'=^-YS:^SSti::S^^-^ Management, Scienceand Aitoi i shall be held anuualh . management ,14. The Institutes shal « «/ ^.^.^ent of mbhc f the (EuMish) Secretary oE t K i'ei ^^^.^^.^^ ottuetrju^" ' nriucipal ot tnc jj^^ , T„«tvuction and the pin"- l , ggponsible to ine ISol as W>-^-^;Jtuf Coundl otV«l>Uc Instruc- Protestant ^'o'"""^**" X't of the Institutes. tion for the proper condue o ^^^^ approval ot 1 t 5. The directors si all. ^^^^ ^ach year the the 1-rotestaut ^''>'""»"f ',,, a the tin>e mnl place for S;Uer of l-^'^"^es^^i ; g^^^^^^^^^ to be followed at holding the same and the p o each Institute. ,H„.Klance at the Institutes tie. Certificates of ,f^«"^„i|, {,om and upon such shall be issued to >"-;£■« ."dfrom time to tm«> b) conditions as may ^^^^^.^^^ „£ the Protestant Con. the directors with tlic apt niittee. . „„ institutes the directors sha ,1,. In conducting tie In tt^^^^^^^^^ ^j the Mc&iU have the assistance of the pi COMMISSIONERS AND TRUSTEES. 49 die ken iter e of >t ^»e M Xormal School and of the iiis[)ector of Protestant superior schools. 118. Until a special grant is made for tlie main- tenance of the Institutes, tlie expenses incurred in connection therewith l)y the principal and professors of the McGill Xormal School shall be defrayed by the Xormal School. V. CONCERXIN(i THE DUTIES O.^ SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS AND TRUSTEES. in t^ie 3Uieut, tement Public ornial to the istruc- roval ot" ear the )lace ior owed at nstitutes pen such time by ant Coui- •tors shall le McGill School Grounds. 119. School sites shall, when possible, be in dry elevated positions, easily accessible, and provided with good water. 120. School sites shall, when possilde, be isolated and so situated that the surroundings will not interfere with the work of the school room nor with the nu^rals of the pupils. 121. School sites shall be as far removed as possil)le from swamp, or cemetery. 122. The school grounds shall be properly levelled and drained, planted wdth sluide trees and enclosed by a substantial fence. They shall, when possible, not be less than a quarter of an acre in extent. A larger area shall be provided for large schools. 123. Separate closets or privies sliall be provided for the sexes. A close fence, at least six feet in height, extending from the closets to the school Ijiiihling, sliall separate the approaches to these closets. 124. Proper care shall be taken to secure cleanliness in these closets and to prevent unjjleasant and unliealthy odours. The approaches from the schoolhouse to tlu:i p -,0 ,,.,n,.vnosso....-n...nvsx,oMM>u... , U be so kept that the closet, uu.y be .eaehe,! S" ::!£titii ki;>as o^ .eat... Srhoolhoases. , ,„ ...iieu possible, be placed J 2 5. The shoulhouse f' '^"' ^ ^' j'.u.vay. ,t e:st tbu-ty feet f.m, ^ ' V ^^ ;; ^^ ,,,,,i .ge 136. When the uvuu .e o U ^^^j,^^^^^^, ,,,,11 in alistvict exceeds ^^^'^^'^^^ exceeds one bun- , r.,iu at least two rooms, ^^'«" ^.icUlwnal room, at rraudt^veuty-tive three -u^a^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^, ^,.,j least, beu.'^ re-iuired f.n tacu ^^^ ,^^ ^^^^^ 1 27 In each school rooi. e a ea s ^^.^^^^ ,U-'ru square feet for eac . uiul ^« I ^^^ ^^ ^^ , loor to ieUu., f J=f ^ fee ' of air space per pup. 1. one hundred an.l *•}="'"; „, eloak rooms for 128 Tl>ere shall be '"^te-ioo ^^^^^ ^^^ ,„:,"s of both sexes, f l'^''-f ^u 1 ed vith hooks and rued and -ntiUted and^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^.,,, outs.de witb slielves tor ^'^V^^ . ^ue school room). aeteruuned b\ a uie during school hours. ^^^^^ v.e placed 130. The windows of a sdwol r ^^^^ ^^^^^ j on both sides of the school lOo n, or ^j ^j L'pupils and behin ^^,:::,lo^ec^eij, sha iiupis. Tbe area ot t e wi _ ^^^^^^^^ „{ the o be less than one-s.M ot^ « ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^.^^^ school roo.n. The top •'t ^^^J^X- and the bottom of n, as near the cedmg as po^^"^";' j j^et from the Z lie wuKlows sh.d^ be at leastjo ^^ ^^^^ ttoor of the '•"^"^'/"^V ' feet from the floor, behind the pupils at least six .$ 4 CO.M.MISSIONEIJS AND 'I'Rl'STKKS. 51 eii ! age shall huu- m, at (Ireii. least , from ; least pupil- uis for room, vs and outside room). aced as degrees, )1 room :t placed • side of t of the Iv, shall >Q of the 36 carried bottom of from the windows oor. 1 131. The windows shall open readily from the top and bottom, and when double windows are used a ventilator shall be provided at the top and b(jttom of each d(juble window. 132. There shall be in every school room ample provision for the admissiiui and circulation of [uire air and for the escape of impure air. 133. The schoolhouses are to ])e bnilt in accordance with plans and specifications furnished or a-p[)roved by the Superintendent. 134. School boards shall see that each schoolhouse is kept in good repair, that the windows are properly tilled with glass, and that suitable fuel is provided ; that the desks and seats are in good repair, that the outhouses are properly provided with doors and kept clean, that the blackboards are kept painted, that there is a supply of good water, and that everything that is necessary for the comfort of the pupils and the success of the school is provided. When a manager is ap- pointed, the school board shall see that he performs his duties in a proper manner. 135. Xo public schoolhouse or school ground or any building, furniture, or other thing pertaining thereto, shall be used or occupied for any other purpose than for the use or accomuKjdation of the public school of the district, without the express permission of the school board or the chairman thereof, and then only on condition tliat all damages are made good by the per- sons obtainii-g permission, and that the school room is properly cleaned before the time for opening the school. 136. The teacher has charge of the schoolliouse on behalf of the school board. He has no authority to use the schoolhouse other than as directed by them, without their sanction. At the request of the school board he must at once deliver up the key of the schoolhouse to the chairman. M .vru^^TANT COMMITTEK. ,,MVTlONSOFTllEl'KOlKSiAM the desks slioulil be ot ture ^ fastened to tb(. wide, shall be leit bc| ^^^,,,_ ^,,a a fpaw i -^« "1' S: tet wi between the teaehex s platfo three to nve i*-«i^ and the front desU. ^^^^ ^,,^t its edge wi 141 V>acl.deskshallbc»t I' ^g,^^„,| ,t ihc be to ctly over tl>e f^^fJZ^ for pupUs books. . V i.all \)e provi^led witti as convenient and key f™' ^'^'^ P««ervatwn 'nrfxhere shall be ^^'^;£Se r^ feet tit iSes wu'e, extendmg - o^s "^^^^.^^, ^,^ , --\i^::o^:rhaSt^---:,^t£ C:-. "and, when 1-gl;. ?- ^Ji' At the lower blackboard on eacli sicle COMMISSION KUS AND TUlSTKES. r •> I ilh ida- tbe that than iated irmly . ages to tbe hes in ee feet ud the e froiu latforiu \ther system of lieatin<^ is used) a wood- box or coal-bucket, a shovel, a jxtker, Ji broom, a water-bucket, a drinking cup, a hand l)cll, a clock, n thermometer, a copy of the school re<,nilations, a copy of the authorized course of studv, and an autliorized school iouriuxl ; jind in everv schocd a standard diction- ary, a visitors' register, a s(;t of tal)lct lessons of Part 1. of the First lieader, a •^u|)i)ly of crayons and l)lack- board Ijrushes, a waste t)aper box, a map of North America, a ma]) of Canada and a map of the Province of Quebec. 146. Provision shall be made bv everv scliool l»oard for sweeping eacii schoolhouse daily and for scrublnng tlie Hours at least once every two months, and for making fires one hour before the time for o[)ening school when re([nisite ; ])ut it is not the duty of teachers to do this work. The School Year. 147. All sch(»ols shall l)e closed from the 1st duly to the loth August each year ; luit any school l)oard may, with the approval of the Superintendent, oi)en one or more of its schools during this period when the circumstances of the school render it necessary. 148. The scliools of a municipality sliall open each year after the loth of August, and not later than the first Monday in September, as may be deterndned by resolution of the school board of the municipality. 149. The schools of each municipality shall continue in session each day, except the holidays hereinafter provided, from the date appointed for the opening until the close of the school session. In school municipalities -M 54 UKGILATIONS Ol' TIIK I'KOTKSTANT COMMI'ITKE. whoi'o i\\(i school session is loss ihan leu months tiii? school hoiii'ds nuiy provide l>y resolution for flosing the schools (lurini;- the l»re}ikin,L( u\> of the roads. 150. The holidiivs for the I'rotcstant Schools t)f the Pro\ ince shall he as follows : Kvei'V Saturday and Sunday: From 24th Deeemher to 2nd January inclusiyc ; (lood Friday; The Queens P)irthday : Dominion Day: and such days as are [)ro- elaimeil hy authority or ^n'anted by resolution of the school hoai'd of the municipality ur l)y the Superin- tendent of Public I nstr action. School Hours. 151. The school hours shall l)e from nine o'clock in the forenoon till four o'clock in the afternoon, unless the school l)oard 1»y resolution prescribes a shorter ])eriod. There shall be a recess of not less than ten minutes each forenoon and afternoon, and a recess of one hour at least shall be allo\ved for recreation durini' the middle of the school day. ErKjagemeiit of Teachers. 152. Each school board shall engage its teachers for the time, at least, that the schools are to l)e in opera- tion during the school year, and not for any less period, exce})t to replace a teacher retiring before the end of the school year. 153. Each school board shall appoint a day, and give due notice thereof, upon which they will meet and receive applications and engage teachers for all the schools of the municipality. 154. In the engagement of teachers the school board shall consider the special needs and circum- < ^ COMMISJ^IONKHS AND TIJCSTEKS. 55 stiinci's of tlu.' scvfial sclio^ls uiultT ils (•(uurul iind shall allot the teachers aiuoiiL!; these schools sn ;is l»est to ])roHK)te the interests of ilie whole iimnicipality. 155. Xo school hoard shall re(|uire or |ieriiiii aii\' teacher uiKhn' its control to '' hoartJ a/(>iin(/" anions the inhahitants of the district. 150. Tlu^ teachei''s ennai^vnients I'or ri'otesiant schools shall he niadi' in accordance witii Form Xo. 4. 157. AVhenever the average attendance of an ele- nientai'V school exceeds tiftv a second teacher shall l)e eny.ai'ed for that school hv the school l»oard. le lieh'yions' liistrtution. 158. Religions Instrnction shall ])e jLi'iven in all ])uhlic schools, hut no j)erson shall recinire any pupil in anv puhlic school to nnid or studv in or from anv religions ])ook, or to Join any exercise (»f devotion or I'eligion, ohjected to in writing hy his or her [»arents or guardians. 159. Every Protestant school shall he opened each day with the reading of a })ortion of iIk,' Holy Scrip- tures followed hv the Lord's Praver. -|-160. In all grades of Protestant schools the first half hour of each day shall he devoted to tlie o])ening exercises, (prescrihed hy the ])receding Ivcgulation,) instruction in morals, and Scripture History, Th<; Holy Scriptures and the authorized text-hooks shall he used for this t^ui-pose. Xo denonnnational teaching shall lie given in such schools. !t II Author i?:e(l Te.d-Bool's (J i:K<;ri,A'ri<)N.s ok tiik ritoTHsTANr committkh. iiiuiii('i})iilii.v, iianiiiiL!; one Ixjok, or one graded set of l)ook.s, in each subject of tlie course of stndy, and shall insist niton their use in llie schools of the municipality to the exclusion of all others. A copy of this list shall ]»e }>laced in each school of tlie municipality, and a ctjpv shidl he sciiL to the English Secretary of the Department of rul)lic Instruction. (An additional scries of reading;- l»ooks may be selected for su})ple- mentai'V rcadino-.) 162. School boards shall })royide and use the authorized fornrs of teachers' engagements, account- l)ooks, scIkm)! journal and sciiool visitors' register in tlieir muniripalities. Serretary-treiisarers expentse-s, as provided hy 2112, R. S. Q. 103. The secretary-treasurer shall l)e iiroyided by the school commissioners or trustees with a suitnble ndnute-book, account-books, and other statiijnery re- (juired for their work. 164. The scliool commissioners and trustees shall, if |)Ossil»le, hold their meetings in the most central school of the municipality, and if they hold their meetinL!;s ou any oth(?r idace. they shall not ])av rent therefor without the permission (^f the Superintendent. 165. When a secretary-treasurer travels upon busi- ness of the scho )1 corporation he shall be ])aid his just travelling expenses : l)ut any indemnity which may have been acconletl him bv a court of justice or by anv legislative oi- munici]»al body for the same journey shall be deducted from his expenses. 166. A secretary-treasurer shall only be considered to travel u])on business of the corporation when he is specially authorized t(j d<) so by a resolution adopted at a regular meeting of the school corporation stating the POOR -MUNICIPALITIES. ,) 4 object of the journey, or, if there is not time for u nieeting, upon an order signed l)y the eliairnian or in his absence by two members of tlie scliool cor]K)ration. 167. In the cities, towns and municipalities, of which the population amounted at the taking of the last census, to more than three thousands souls, or of which tiie extent is more than nine miles in lengtli. there shall l)e allowed a certain sum for taking the census of the ciiihh'cn, upon a re(iuisition to that "eflect addressed by tlie commissioners or trustees to the Superintendent and approved by the scliool ins[)ector. 168. Every sum allowed to the secretary- treasurer, or otherwise paid out in accordance with the precedinu" regulations, shall be paid out of the funds of the hc\uh?1 municipality and shall be accounted for in the ordinary manner. Poor Munlt'lpaUiies. 169. Those school municipalities only, whose annual share of the government grant is less Uian two hun- (h-ed dollars, are eligible for a grant from the Poor ^lunicipalities Fund. 170. .Municipalities, desiring to obtain a gi-ant from the Poor Municipalities Fund, inust make iip])lication to that effect to the Suj)erinten'J 5. To see that tlie sehoolhmise and outlmildinr^s are locked at all ])roper times, and wlien not locked to see that they are under the cliar^e of a teacher, or of a monitor for whose faithfulness the teacher shall bo responsible, (or of a caretaker after school hours :) 6. To classify the pupils strictly according,' to the authorized course of studv : 7. To require each ])U})il to do thoroughly the work prescril)ed for one urade before jn'omotinu' him to the next higher grad{\ Pupils who liave fallen liehind in the work of their grade shall ]>e placed in the next lower grade ; 8. To prepare and keep in a conspicuous place in the school room, for the guidance of teacher and ])upils, a time-table showing the order of exercises for each class for each day in the week, and ih<' time devoted to each exercise per day ; 0. Not to require nor permit any pupil to use as a school text-V)Ook any book not included in the list of text-books prescribed for the use of pu])ils in the municipality : 10. To open the school each morning with reading a portion of the Holy Scriptures, followed ])y the Lord's Prayer : 11. To furnish the ])upils with constant employment during school hours, and to endeavor l)y judicious and diversified methods to render the exercises of the school pleasant as well as ])roti table : 12. To make sjiecial preparation beforehand for eacli day's work with the several classes : li). To teach diligentlv and faithfullv all the suli- ^ 111- t' lects of t!ie authorize5L'hool journal. All degrading and unusual jtunishments shall be avoided. Teachers are specially warned not to inflict anv Itlow with the hand or other- wise upon the head of a pupil : 17. To read to tlie pupils, from time to time, the school regulations that api)ly to them, tliat they nuiy have a clear understanding of the rules by which they are governed ; 18. To preserve a careful oversight of the conduct and habits of the pupils during school hours ; 19. To keep, in the prescribed form, a journal of the daily attendance, and to enquire into causes of tardiness and absence : 20. To keep the visitors' register, and to allow visi- tors free access to the same : 21. To make up all returns required by the superin- tendent, the inspector and the school board, as far as the information required can be supplied ; 22. To carry out the suggestions of the inspector to the best of his ability ; 23. To preserve for reference the educational journal ami otlier works, etc., furnished to the school, and on retiring from the school to leave them in order for his successor ; 24. To endeavor to improve his ])r(tfessional status bv attending the teachers' meetings held in the countv, and, if possil)le, the annual Teachers' Institute, and by ju'ofessional reading. DUTIES OF PUPILS. 61 VII. CONCERNING PUPILS. 176. It is tlie duty of every pupil to attend scliool punctually and regularly, to follow the authorized course of study, to coiiforiu to the ref][ulatioiis of tlie school, to obey promptly all the directions of the teacher, to be diligent in study, res])ectful to teachers, kind and obli^in^ to schoolmates, clean and neat in habits, person and clothing, and to refrain entirely from the use of profane and vulgar language. 177. No pupil who is aftected with, or exposed to, any contagious disease shall be permitted to attend school until he produces medical or other satisfactory evidence that all dan^rer from his niinfjliui^^ with the other pupils, or from his exposure to the disease, has passed away. 178. Tupils are required to procure the text-books and other school recpdsites indicated by the course of study for the class to which they belong. 1 79. The school board may provide and lend to indigent pupils, with due precautions for tlieir proper preservation, text-books and other school reipiisites. I 80. In all cases of absence ])Upils are refjuired to furnish from their parents or guiirdians on returning to school sutlicient reasons for such absence. 181. No pupil shall ])e ])ermitted to leave ai any time before the regular hour for closing his class, except in case of sicknesj< or on a written or personal request of his ])arent or guardian. • * 182. Eacli pupil is recjuired to be ]»resent at each inspection and exandnation of Ins school or depai'i- ment, or to present a satisfactory excuse for absence. iy2 ItKiMLATlONS OF TllH I'KOTKSTANT COMMITTEE. 183. KiU'h ])ii|)il .sliiiU li.ive a paiTiciilar desk, and ihall keep the same and the Hoor beneath it in a neat and ordei-lv condition. 184. Pu])ils of one dislriet shall not attend the .school of anotlier district uidess by special ])erniission of the school board. 185. AVhen the school board establishes more than one department or school in a district, all the pupils shall be classified according to their attainments and shall attend sucli depart)nent therein as they shall be found qualified for, as determined by proper examina- tion. 1 80. Pupils shall b*;^ res])onsible to the teacher for their conduct on the school premises and also when goiiiL*' to, or retui'ning from, school, unless they are acc(»mpanied by their parents or guardians. 187. Any school ])roperty or furniture, injured or destroyed by a pu])il, must l)e made good forthwith by the parent or guardian. 1 88. When the ordinary discipline of the school fails to secure becoming conduct in a pupil, the teacher sliall notify the parents of tlie fact. If no improye- ment takes ])lace, the teacher may then suspend him from the scliool for a period not exceeding hye school days. If the suspension be for refusal to do some definite act that may rightfully be demanded, it may ])e extended uritil the offender returns and does that which he had refused to do. 1 89. Wheneyer any teaclier suspends a pupil, he shall at once notify tlie parents or guardians in \vrit- ing stating' the length of tiniQ for which the pupil is .suspended and the reasons for such suspension. \90. When it becoMies eyident that the conduct uf a pupil is such as to endanger the morals of his AI'I'EALS. g:; cuiiiiKiiiioiis, or the aiillioriLy of the teaelier and the ordinary modes of discipline fail to secure amendment, the iiead teacher inay report the ])upil to tlie scliool board for ex])uLsion, and may suspend the pupil i)end- inu' the decision of the scliooI board. 191. Any pu})il expelled from school liy tlie school board sh.all not 1)6 re-admitted to anv school in the municipality without the wi'itten consent of the school board; but any pu})il ex])elled from school who shidl express to the teacher Ids re.u'ret for his conduct as openly and explicitly as the case may re([uii'e may, with the a})]^roval of the teacher and the school board, l>e re-admitted to the school. i I vnr. COXCHRNlNi; Al'l'KALS TO THE PROTESTAXT COMMITTEE FROM THE DECISIONS OF TH E S U 1^ E HINT J^: N I ) ENT 192. An}' person who desires to appeal to the Pro- testant Committee from tlie decision of the Superin- tendent shall do 80 by petition and in conformity with the following provisions : 1. The petition addressed to the rrotestant Com- mittee of the Council of l*ublic Instruction shall be forwarded to the secretary of the committee by regis- tered letter or it shall be served on him by a bailiU'; 2. This petition shall state the grounds or reasons of the appeal, and no others will be taken into considera- tion by the committee : 3. The persons interested shall appear before the committee or a sub-committee, personally (or by their attorney if they desire), otherwise the committee will proceed against them by defaidt : 04 liKdll.ATlON.S OF TlIK l'KOTP]STANT COMMITTKK. 4. The ftuperiiiteii(leiit sliall sulmiit to tlio criinmittee all the (lociiinents in liis possession relative to said appeal, and no other doeunient concerninir matters or facts which may have happened since the jndgment which is appealed against, was rendered, shall be ]»rodu(ied before the connnitteo; 5. The SiH)erintendent, if he desires to do so, shall give to the committee explanation concerning the question or qnestions which form the subject of the ap])eal, in the ])resence of the persons interested ; 6. The ap])eal shall be made within fifteen days from the day in which the judgment of the Superintendent is connnunicated or transmitted to the representatives oi both a])})ellants and res})ondents ; 7. Xo petition in ap})eal will l)e received by the committee mdess accompanied with a deposit of four dollars to pay for copying documents re([uired for the appeal. li 1 ll IX. CONCERXIXC; TEXT-r,OOK.S SUBMITTED FOR AUTHORIZATION. 193. Persons desiring to submit a text-book to the Trotestant (Jommittee for authorization shall forw^ard one dozen co])ies of the ])ook to the Superintendent for examination, stating the retail price and 'the price , per dozen. 2. liefore final authorization of any book the publisher must legally bind himsef to sup})ly said book, in harmony with price and (piality of samples sub- mitted, as may be needed for schools under the* jurisdicti(^n of the Protestant (Jomndttee, for a term of at least five years. •1 FORMS. Of) Li> I 194. A sample copy of every edition of every l)0()k authorized by the Trote^staiit Cotiimittee shall he deposited in the Department of I'liblie Instruction hy the publisher, and no edition of any book shall be considered as apjjroved without a certificate to that effect from the Superintendent of rublic Instruction. which certificate may be withih'awn at any time at the recpiest of the committee. 195. Every authorized book shall bear the imprint of the publisher, and shall show upon the cover or title page the authorized retail price, and no part of the book shall be used for advertising purposes, witli- out the written consent of the Superintendent of l*ublic Instruction. 196. No alterations in contents, typogra])liy, bind- ing, pa})er, or any other material res])ects, shall in any case be made without the approval of tlie Protestant Committee. 197. Any books recommended as aids to teachers, for private reference or study, shall not be used as text-books by the pupils. Form Xo. 1. Forin of Certificate of Moral Character. " This is to certify that I, the undersigned, have per- sonally known and had opportunity of ol)serving for the last past ; that during all such time his life and conduct have been without ^reproach : and I attirm that I believe him to be an upright, conscientious and strictly sober manr (This ccrtijicate must be signal hy the Minidcr of the congregation to ivldch the candidate hclongs and hy two school commissioners or trustees or school visitors.) 60 kK(;l'i.atioxs or tiik imiotestant committkk. 11^' i^ Form Xo. 2. Canada. ) Protestant Committee of the Council l^rovince of Quel)e('. \ of Public Instruction. We hereby certify that a native of aged residing at and professing the Protestant faith, has produced the requi- site certificates, passed the examinations, and fuHilled the conditions prescribed by the School Law and Kegulations for Candidates for the position of Inspector of Protestant Schools to the satisfaction of the Protestant Committee. We furtlier certify that a class certificate has been granted to him and that he is, therefore, eligible for appointment as Inspector of Protestant Schools in the Province of Quebec. In witness whereof, by order of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction, we have hereunto alHxed our hands the day of in the year 18 ... . Chairman. Secretary. >$ Form Xo. 3. To the Secretary, Protestant Central Board of Examiners, Quebec. Sir, I, (name in full) residing at {Post Ofice) county of professing the Faith, have the honor to inform you that I intend to present myself at for the examination for diploma in July next. I enclose herewith ; — 1. A certificate that I was born at county of on the day of the month of 18 2. A certificate of moral character according to the authorized form. 3. The sum of dollars for examination fees. » {Signature in full.) I'OKM.S. 07 F(jUM No. 4. the raiiada, ) V. uu.nui, I -V r ■ • It i' T, . <. / V 1 AiiiiiiciiKility 01 rrovnice or (.^)uehee. ) ^ '' On the (lay of tlie month in the year IS . it is mntuallv a^Teed and stii>nlate(l between the school of the nxunici])ahly of in tlie eomiiy of , represented hy their ehairnian under a resohilion ( C^ :a Ua 1.0 I.I 1.25 :>6 112 1^ 112.2 1.8 U i 1.6 o c"] e; c^] ^^. ^'S .^ O ^..^> /^ /(^ / / Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 rv e^ ^ 4? s \ ^v ^.\ '\ ^•^ :. ^^" 4^ Va f'r- y INDEX. Academy :— Conditions Special Change of name Entrance examination Fees of Specimens of work Inspection of 6•^ Examination of 73- AcAi>EMY Diplomas : — Form of diploma • • • From C/Cntrai IJoaru Conditions for graduates For Normal School students First Class liy whom recommended ... Examination for .*U, 58, Appeals to Prote.stant Committee AUTIK>RlZ.\TION OF TeXT-BoOKS H^^ ArTiiouizED Forms m 65 6« «7 68 70 71 84 52 58 54 55 56 59 192 197 162 Bulletins of Inspection 9—1 1, 71 —10 Blackboard •'*'* BOARDINC AR(HTND • l'''^ Board of Examiners : — Central Board 17-51 For Inspectors I ~8 Central Board : — Powers of 17 (irades of diplomas 18 Classes of diplomas I ^ Local centres '-20 Time of examinations 21 , 39 Notice required 22 Certificate 23 Fees 24 11 Method of examination 25-31 Subjects of examination .32, m Standard re<|uired .So 89 Exemptions granted 40, 41 Records and reports 42, 4.S, 46, 47, 49 Action annulled 44 Re-examination 4.') Examiners 48 Rules for candidates 50 Duties of secretary 51 Classification of Schools (50, 61 Course of Stidy :— For three grades of schools 62 In relation to inspectors 9—2, 8, 13, 10 In relation to superior schools 63—6, 71 — 4, 12, 74 Of Normal School 94 In relation to teachers 9—3, 175—6, 7, 13 In relation to pupils 9 — 2, 176 Diplomas : — Grades of 18 Classes of 19 Sealed 43 Academy ... . 52 Cancelled 44, 45 DErUTY-EXAMINERS FOR CENTRAL BoARD : — Appointment 26 Remunera* 'on 26 Duties 27-31, 50 Deputy-Examiners for Superior Schools : — Appointment 73 Duties 86 Enoaorment of Teachers : — Length of 152 Day for 153 Form of 156 Educational Journals 175—23 Fees For examination of inspectors 6 " '• "teachers 24, .37 For superior schools 68 For university certifiate 87 note For deputy-examiners 26 For appeals 192—7 Ill i H()LIJ)AYS Head Tkachek, 150 I7:{ Instiiutes: — Held annually ' ' -j Management of 11-^^ ' '•' Certiticates 1 1(), .S7 N. 8. professors 11' Expenses of • ^ '^ Inspector's duty _1! ~ ' '* Teachers" *luty ... 1 7')- 24 Inspector : — Examination of. Composition of boarvl 1 Expenses of hoard • '- Duties of board 'i, ^ Time of examination 4 Subjects of examination '_ Certificates recjuired •'» Deposits reijuired '> Duties of Concerning Schools •^-'1 Teachers 9~4, T), (j, 7, 8, 9 Pupils 0-2 Commissioners 0— 10, 12 Teachers" Meetings U— 15, 10 Superintendent 9—9, 3, 11. 18, 17 Secretary -Treasurer 9-14 Prize- Books 10-10 Inspector of Superior Schools : — Duties of. To inspect moilel schools and academies. 71 To prepare questions '. _• 7.> To report on inspection 71 --H To report on written examinations 72 u (( (( (( (( (( 6 37 68 lote 26 !-7 Maps 1-*^ Model School : — Conditions for 64 Special cases 65 Change of name 66 Entrance examinations 67 Fees of ^'^^ Application for inspection 69 flimffw ■ »u 1 ! JIIPKIHH IV Sneciniens of work *'' Inspection ot ^ '' Kxainination of 73-84 NoKMAi. School (MdiiLL) : — Purpose of "'^ 1 )irectioii of '"•' Committee of ... .W Staff of.... 01-1V2 Annual Se.ssion ... "•> C'ourse of Study '^"^ Admission ''^ •';' Condition of continuance 100-103 lioarding houses ^^^^ Religious instruction 105--10H Privileges of teacliers 107--1 1 1 Academy stu-^' !^^ Pupils provided with i^J May be lent to pupils * ' ^ Teachers : — Attendance Duties of. Head Teacher . 9-9 70 174, 175-1 175 ■;■;;;;■; '....'.'.'. i78 Engagements '''-"'! 'il Number of ' Time-Table 9--3. 4. 10, 71 •«, 175-8 Temperature '-'' »«'-'■-'' Uniform Series of Text-Books *61 Ventilation «--lO, l-^O' l-^2. ^^'-^ Visitor's Register ^--t- 15, 145, 1»)'2, 175-20 KESUME OF THE SCHOOI. LAW. RESUME OF TIIK LAW OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. THE DEPARTMENT OF PUIJLIC INSTRUCTION. * 1 882-3— Tlie Department of Tuhlic Instruction consists of a superintendent, who is ajjpointed l»y tlie Lieutenant-! lovernoi' in Council two secretaries, who have, under tlie superintendent, the .L,^eneral control of matters connected with the department, and such other otHcers as are retfuired for the administration of the laws of public instruction. 1886 — The superintendent, in the exercise (^f his functions, is bound to coni[)ly with the directions of the (.ouncil of l*ublic Instruction, or with those of the Koman (Jatholic or I'rotestant (^ommittee, as the case may be. 1889-92 — It is the duty of the superintendent : — 1. To hold enquiries into dirticulties concerning schools and school-houses : 2. To compile and pid.)lish statistics : 3. To submit to the ^overinnent an annual statement of sums required for public instruction ; 4. To distrilnite tifrants to school boards : 5. To prepare and distribute neces.sary blank forms, and advice on the manaiiement of scho(ds ; * These numbers refer to the articles of the revised statutes of tht Province of Quebec. "S MAM AL OF .s< IIOOI, LAW G. Tn cxaiiiiiK' ami (.niiirol at'counls of all jR'ison*; ri'ceivin^i Lrovciinncnl Lcrauts for schools, 7. To make iin aiiini;il ri'iKUl lo the Lci^fislalurc. S. T«i iiivt'sii;;'ale (lis|»uU's arisiiiix iK'twcHiii school commissi) (ucrs anil tnistecri antl teachers, and to give ji final decision. TlIK COUNCIL OF Pt'HLIC INSTRUCTION. 1 N93 — The Council of Tiiblic Insti'uetion is eoni- })osed(l;of ihe Ifoman ( "alholic l>isho])S of the Province, cx-nj/fi'io (now elevi'n in numher) : (2) of an ecfual nunil)er of lloman Catholic laynuin ; and (.'>) of an equal numlier of Protestants. The last two classes are ap- ])(jinted hy the Lieuteniint-Covernor in Council. 1895-9 — The supeiintendent is chairman oi the council, and the two secretaries of tlie dei)artnient are joint secretaries of the council. The superintendent ])roviarl <»f llie Cniincil nf I'uMii liisLniction, hiil thcv have* in the I'mlcslaiil cnmiidtU'c thr saiiK' ])n\vers jis iho nrdinaiy im.Miihers <»!' such (MUininllec. 101 1 — KviTVlhiiiL;' within the scopt' of the tuni.'tinns (if the Council of Tuldic Instruction, wliich sjiocially concerns tlic sch(»ols and ])uhlic insti'iiclion i^^Micrally of lloinan ('atlioln • is within the c.\(dusi\c Jurisdiction of the Koinan ( 'atholic eonunittee of such ( 'ouncil. In tlic same mann ' •, everytl'i.»^' within tht^ sc())>e of such functions, which sj»ecially cducci'iis the scht)ols and })iJ)lic instruct loii ^'enerally of Protestants, is within the exchisive jurisdiction of the Protestant committee. I i) I --4 1 — It is the (hitv of eacli committee : — 1. To make I'eufulations foi' sch(jol inspectors, normal schools, puhlic schools, and hoai'ds of examiners; 2. To cancel di])lomus of teachers Liuiltv of bad cttnduct, immorality, oi* inteni])erjince ; .">. To recommend the dismisMd of school ins]»ectoi's found ^niilty of l)ad c(Miduct, immoi'ality. intemperance, or neu:lect of duty : 4. To select, and arraiiL^a^ foi- the publication of, a suitable series of scho(d text-})Ooks; o. To hear ap])eah-! from the decisions of the sup'^rintendent ; (). Tn receive legacies foi* e(hitcational pur])oses ; 7. To select and lecommend for appointment school insjtectors, professors of normal schools, the secretaries, and the members of boards of exannners ; 8. To consider all matters and documents submitted l)y the secretary of the committee from the Department of Public Instruction. '7' 80 MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. SCHOOL INSPECTORS. 1942 — School inspectors are appointed by tlie Lieutenant-Governor in Council on the reconinienda- tion of the committees. Their duties are : — 1. To examine the school teachers, schools and school- houses under tlieir control ; 2. To inspect the accounts of the secretary-treasurers and the rei^isters of the school commissioners or trustees ; 0. To ascertain whether the provisions of the school laws and re*4ulations are carried out. 1944 — Xo person can be appointed school inspector unless : — 1. He has attained the a^^^e of twenty-five years ; 2. He has o))tained a diploma ; o. He has tauglit school during at least five years ; 4. He has discontinued teaching not more than five years ; 5. He has been examined hy one of the two com- mittees. 1945 — In the })erforniance of his duties each inspector complies with the instructions given to him by the superintendent, in accordance with the regula- tions of the connnittees. 1946 — The secretary-treasurer of each municipality and every teacher of a public school therein shall, under a penalty of eight dollars, exhibit to him all the documents in tlieir charge belonging to or in any way relating to tlieir respective offices. SCHOOL VISITORS. 1950 — School visitors may visit the public schools as often as they tliink desirable ; but visitors are entitlod to visit only the schools of their own religious faith. SCHOOL VISITORS. 81 by the iiineiida- I school- easurers ners or 3 school spec tor rs; ini's ; II five ' coni- eacli ) liiia Jgula- )ality iiider the way ooJs tL(l 4 "if, 1954 — Each visitor is entitled : — To be i)reseiit at t'xainiiiatioiis made hv aiiv Itoard of examiners, and to (juestinn the candidates wlio offer themselves for examinations, and to ^ive his opinion. To have connnunication of the reuulalions and other (hjcuments relative to eacii school and of all otlier information concerninii,' it. 1951 — Tlie following persons are school visitors for the whoh^ Pi"ovince : — 1st. Members of the two committees of the Council of Public Instructi(jn : iJndly. dudu'cs of the Supreme ( ourt, of the Court of Queen's l>ench, and t.f the Su})erior Court, residing' in the Province ; ordly. ^lembers of the Federal rarliament resident in the Province : 4thly. Members of the LcLi'islatr.re of Quebec : othly. The Secretaries of the I)epartment (»f Public Instruction ; Gthly. Tile principals ami professors of normal schools. 2nd. The followim^^ persons are visitors oidy for the munici]»ality in whieh they reside: — 1st. Jioman Cath(/l'c and Protestant cleri^ymen ; 2n(lly. Meml»ers of the Council of Arts and Manu- factuies ; oraly. The ]\rayor and the Justices of the Peace : 4thly. Tlie colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors and senior captains of the militia. HOARDS OF KXAMINERS. 1955 — Poards (»f examiners for tlu' examination of candidates for teachers' di[»lomas are established by ]>i-oclamation of the Li<'utenant-( Jovernor in Council. H if S'2 MANTAL OK SCHOOL LAW. 1957 — Tlio ineiiil)er.s (from live In fourteeii in iiuinber) ;iie ;i})p()inted l)y the LieuLenaiil-(.luveriior upon tlie reconiinendaUoii of one of the coniniitlees of the rouncil of ruhlic Instruction. 1958 — These hoards of examiners may he organized in two divisions, Roman ( atliolic and Protestant, in which case each divisi(jn has the same powers as the wliole hoard. 1902 — It is llie duty of these ])oards of examiners to exinnine canthdates for teachers' di})lomas, and to deliver di[)l(>mas to those deemed wortliy, in accordauc(> with the regulations of the comnuttees of the Council of Puhlic Instruction. 1900 — -The Lieutenaiit-dovernor in (J(juncil, u])(ui the recommendation of the Protestant Committee, has constitulcil a central hoard of exandners for the exami- nation of candidates for teachers' diplomas. The central hoard alone has the rii^ht of issuing diplomas valid fo]' the schools under the control of the Protestant eonnnittee. 1907 — The central hoard of exandners is composed of not less than five nor more than ten meml)6rs and a secretary, a})pointed hy the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, u}M)n the recommendation of the Protestant committee. 1908 — It is the dutv of the central hoard: — 1. To prepare the exandnation (piestions in the dift'erent suhjects prescrihed ; 2. To sidnuit the examination rpiestions to tlie can- didates at central localities ; 11 To examine the answers given hy the candidates, and, after due delil)eration, to grant dii)lomas to the candidates deemed worthy. 1909 — The exandnations under the central hoard are conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Trotestant connnittee. 8rH0i'>L Ml'XKH'Al.rriKS. 88 )urteeii in t-(jiuvernor imittees of 3 organized te.stiiiit, ill rers iis the. exaniiuers la.s, and to accordance lie Council imcil, ii])on uiittee, has the exami- nias. The X diplomas Trotestani s composed hers and a overnor in Protestant •di- ns in the the can- candidates, mas to the itral board tions of the 1959 — Ail i)ersons desirinu; to act as teachers under this hiw shall, unless ])r()vided with a diploma from one of the normal schoids of the TroNini-e, undergo an exannnation before one of tlu' said hitards of examiners and obtain a diploma. School connnissioners and lrusKH^■^. and all |)ersons entrusted with the management of scIkjoIs. shall em])loy as teachers such persons oidy as are prnxided with di])lomas as abnvo meiuioned, ;iin of lo>ini{ their share of the grants made for the encouragement of education. I960 — XeN'erlheless. cxcrv juif'st, minisicr and ecclesiastic, and every person forming part of a religious order instituted for eilucational pnrp'^es, or being a member of a religious conimunit\' of \vi)m('ii, shall be exeniiit from under<''oinu' an examinalion l)efore any of the said boards. 1965 — The iJoman ('ailiolic or I'roiotant commit- tee may I'eijuire a,ny teacher holding' a diploma u:ranted by a board of examiners to submit lo t'xaminati(»n '/'• tioi'o, by such board, and in default of any sueh teacher doing So, or in case of failure of sudi teacher thereu])on for any cause to ol»tain a new dip! ni;i. the diploma previously granted shall Ijecunie null and \oid. SC H( )() L M L'X IC I VA L IT I l<:s. 1860 — The term "school muincii)alitv " means any territory erected into a munici)>ality for the suppoi't of schools under the control of school commissioners or trustees. 1973 — The Lieutenant-( Jovernor in Council may erect new schotjl municij)alities and sulxli vide or change the limits of old ones. School muinci[)alities are under the control of five school commissioners (or three trustees) elected by the ratepayers. 1' S4 MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. 1891 — Sc'liool coininissioners may, if necessary, divide a scliool municipality into districts, and maintain one or two scliools in eacli district. 1984 — In order to ]>e erected into a scliool district, a section of territory must contain at least twenty children over five and under sixteen vears of af^e. The connnissioners or trustees may, however, allow one school district to contain a smaller numljer of children. 1981 — Xo school district shall exceed live miles in length or breadth. DISSENTIENT SCHOOLS. 1985 — If, in any municipality, the regulations and iirrangements made l)y the school commissioners for the management of any school are not agreeable to any number whatever of the ]>ro])rielors, occu])ants, tenants or ratejwiyers ])rofessing a religious faith different from that of the majority of the iidiabitants of such munici- pality, such i)roprietors, occupants, tenants and rate- }>ayei's may signify such dissent, in writing, to the chairman of the connnissioners. 2. Such notice of dissent, which may be in the form ap})ended, is made and signed in triplicate: one copy is served upon the chairman of the school com- missioners, one copy is kei>t in the archives of tlie trustees, and one co]»y is sent to the superintendent of l»ul)lic instruction. Such notice should be given on or lie fore the first of May. Notice of Dissent. To the chairman of the school commissioners of the municipality of , county of SiH, We, tlie undersigned proprietors, occupants, tenants 1)Issf:xtient si-nooi.s. S" necessary, id iiiaiiitain ool district, ast twenty ( age. ^ever, allow number of ve miles in iations and isioners for able to any Its, tenants ['erent from cli munici- 1 and rate- ing, to the be in the licate : one chool com- ves of the itendent of liven on or lers of the Its, tenants and ratepayers of the municipality of , county of , professing the religion, ha\t' llie lionor, under Article lOS." of tht- K(nist'(l Statutes of the Province of ()uel)ec,t(t notifv voii of our intention of withdrawing, from tlic first of duly luext, from the <'ontrol of the school cor[>oraLion of which you are tiic chairman. (liven at this dav of IS . t, 1986 — I Miring the month of -luiy following the service of the notice of dissent, the said i>ersons elect three school trustees, in the ntanner j^i'escriluMl by Article 11)07 and following. 1087 — If in any niunii'i])alitv the i-a,tepavers be- longing to the religious denomination of the dissentients become the maioritv. thev can ui\t* written notice of their intention to organize tiienisehcs under live com- missioners. Such notice is gixcn in triplicate on or l)efore the first of May, and the eleetion is held in duly following. 1987(7 — In tlie case of the ])rec<'ding article the former majority may give written noiiee of dissent in triplicate before the loth of .lune, and elect three trustees in duly folhjwing. 1988 — I dissentients are not liable for any taxes or school rates which may l)e im nosed ]\y the scho(d com- %j I missioners, except for the. taxes foi' the thtui curreni A'ear, or for taxes for the buildinu- of anv school-house previously contracted for, or for the paynu-nt of det>ts previously incurred : ])rovided always that such taxes are imposed within six months from the date of the recei])t of the decLiration of dissent. lUit in the case of newly-mganized munici})alities, if the declaration of dissent I>e served u]>on the chairman 8G MANUAL OF SCHOOL LAAV. of the school coiniiiissioners, within one month after the organization of the scliool corporation, the dissentients are not liahle for any taxes imposed l»y the scliool commissioners. 1989 — Tlie dissentients of a municipality may unite with an adjoining municipality of their own religious faitli in su])i)orting schools. 1990 — The minority in a whole township (or parisli) may unite in sup})ortinga dissentient school, situated at any ]Ktint in the township. 1991 — If dissentients remain one year without schools, they may be rei»laced under the control of the school commissioners. 1993 — If tliere is no dissentient school in a munici- palitv, anyone belonging to the relifj;ious minority, haying cliildren of scliool age, may dissent and support a school in an adjoining municipality not more than tliree miles distant. 1996 — Any person belonging to the religious nunority may at any time become a dissentient, and any dissentient may, in like manner, declare his inten- tion of ceasing to be a dissentient, subject, howeyer, in cither case to the restrictions of Article 1988. The receipt by the chairman of the commissioners and the trustees of the declaration made, in either of the aboye-mentioned cases, is suthcient to place tlie persons so making the said declaration under tlie control of the commissioners or trustees, as the case may be. 2080 — Trustees haye the same powers and duties as school commissioners for the maiiao:ement of the schools under their control. 2081 — The trustees are a corporation for the pur- poses of their own dissentient schools, and are entitled to receiye from the superintendent shares of the general % ELECTION ()V SrilOOL COM.MISSIONKHS. ST til after the lissentieiits the scliool ^ may unite 11 religious (or parish) situated at ar without trol of the 1 a niuiiici- uiinoritv, id supjDort more than relicrious itient, and his inten- owever, in t. missioners 1 either of place the :lie control may be. md duties 311 1 of the * the pur- e entitled he general school fund, bearing the same ])rop(»rti'»ii in ilic wliole >unis allotted fidin tiiiK^ to lime to such munici))alily as the nunilMU' of children atteiuliiig siuh dissentieiil schools bears to the entire number of children attending school in such munici])ality ai ihe s;ime lime. !2082 — Trustees alone have the right of inijiosing and collecting the taxes u]»on the dissent ienl inliabitants. 208>i — \\'hene\'er the school Irustce^ in two ad- Joining munici])aliiies are inudilc lo sup])ort a seh*>ol in each munici])ality, it is lawful for them lo unite, and to establish and maintain, under their Joint management, a, school situated as near the limits of i)olh municipalities as possible, so as to be accessible to lioih. In such case, the trustees Jointly I'^qjort their ])ro- teedings to tlie superintendent, who lemits the share of the common school u'rant to the secretarv-treasurer, whose name first appears on the rejiort. 2084 — The trustees are entitled to enin<^ of the meetinfr, as manv candidates as there are school com- missioners or trustees to be elected, ov fewer candidates than the re(pured numl)er, have been proposed for election as school connnissioners or trustees, the election is declared closed, and the presiding otticer proclaims tht3 candidates [)roposed for election duly elected. 4. One hour after the opening of the meeting, if more cantlidates have l)een jnit in nomination than there are school commissioners to be elected, the pre- siding otUcer, upon a re([uisition by five electors present, proceeds witiiout delay to hold a poll, anil to register the votes of the electors ])resL'nt. Nevertheless, if, among the candidates put in nomina- tion, there are any to whom tliere is no opposition, the ])residing otiicer ]»roclaims such candidates elected, and the ])()11 is held for tiie other candidates only. 5. In the absence of a demand from hve electors present to tiie effect that a poll be held, the presiding EI-K( TIoN ol- hCllMOL l().\l.MI.S>I()NKl:s. 8i) ors of rojil iiMiissioners nuiiiher of le vacancies issi(jners or lir GO years cler<'viiieii, have been o'clock in e afternoon or election as well as ro])Ose him, ling of the 3I100I com- candidates 3posed for le election proclaims L'ted. neeting, if ition than I, the pre- rs presen t, A) register n noniinji- 'Sition, the ected, and e electors presiding (trtlcer pr(t(d!iinis school commissioners or inistees those candidates who have the ma joril v i>\ tl;e eh^'hjrs ])resen; in their fa\oi', after h;i\ ingcstaltlishcd snch majority iiy counting the electors who art; in faxoi' .»f each canihda.e. iiOOO — Tlie clergymen of all rtdigioiis denominations ministerinu' in the school mnincijtalily, and all })erson< resident in tlie sclmol municipality <|iialitied to voteaic (digil)le lis commissioners oi' ti'ustees. Non-residents, othei' than such (dergvmen, are nni eligihh'. 2. lndi\i(hials of the dissentii;nt minority cannot lie elected or ser\'e as school comnnssioners, oi- vote at the election of school commissioners: and, in hke m;inner. the indiviiluals of the majority cannot, he elected or serve as school trustees, or vote at their election. 2007 — Xo sch(jol conniussioner or trustee can lie a teacher of any school in hi^ muinci)»aliiy, nor can he be a contractor for any work fm any schonl cnipnration (»t' which he is a mend)er. 2C)()S — Xo sehodl eoiiiinissioner or trustee can be le-eleeted, except with his own consent, during the four N'ears next after his ''•oiie,; out of oflice. 2009 — 'J'he chairman of any genend nun'^ting for the electi(»n of school connnissioiios oi' trustees must, within eight days thereafter, re])ort the proceedings thereof to the su[)erintendent, and transndt to him a list of the persons elected thereat, under a ])enalty of live dollars. He must also, within the same dela^^ notifv in writing' the persons elected of their election. The connnissioners ((^r trustees) meet, the ]\Iondav after receiving their notice, U) elect a chairman. 2010 — In case of death, change of domicile, or in case of incapacity, during three consecutive months, by reason of temporary absence, sickness, intirnnty, or otherwise, school commissioners or trustees are re])laced by election, held within one month after such vacancy occurs. 'JO MANIAI. OK SClIOor, I, AW. — OI(i— -Ki>i' iln' iiiiiiiicipiililics in wliicli no cli'clion (if school coiiiiiiissiom'vs or ti'ustcos lias taken ])lac(* within the time jo'csciilKMl. the LicntcMianl-iiovernor may, u|»on the iccdninK'ndat ion ot' the sujici'lnlcndent, a|>]»oint coniniissioni'is or irnslccs. *20n — The school coinniissionc'vs and trustees, elected at a general nieelinLX. <'i' a])])ointed hy the Lieulenant-(lo\'ernor. remain in oil ice for three vears, exee]»t that .after the first election or n(»nnnation of a hoard of connnissioners or trustees, two in the ease of coinmissi(tners, and one in the case of trustees, deter- mined hy lot. retire from oilice at the end of the first year, two of the renitnninu' commissioners, or one of the remaininu' trustees, deternnned in the same manner, at the end of the second year, and the remainini^' commis- sioner or trustee, at the end of the third year. The chairman is also liable to ;^;o out of office if it be so deternnned hv lot. MKKTIXf^S OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 2024 — The meetings of the commissioners or trus- tees are not [)ublic : but the commissioners or trustees may admit such persons as may desire to be present on business. 2022 — The secretary-treasurer calls such meetings bv order of the chairman. 2023 — When refj nested by two commissioners (or one trustee), the chairman is bound to call a meeting. These meetings are held in the municipality, or, with the j)ennission of the su]jerintendent, in an adjoining municiv)alitv. 1 ty MAXAOEMKXT OF SCHOOLS. 202G — 1. Tt is the duty of school commissioners and trustees to a}>])oint and engage, by resolution and MANAf.K.MKNT oF S( ilooLS. 01 » election en ])laee •nvernor iLeiideiit, trustees, l>y the •e V(\^irs, inn of a ' ease of s, (leter- tlie first le of the nner^ at 'omniis- ' if it be or trus- Lrustees ■sent on ieetini>\s lers (or ieetin<^'. >r, witli joining s. sioners m and I»y \vritt(Mi contract, teachers (hily (lualilied lo teach iiu the schools mnU'r iheii coiitiitl. 2()27— The enLraii-einent of a teachei' must be for the teiiii of a sch(M.l year, exce]»t in s])ecial case.- a)))irove(l by the supei intendent. I SCU) — In the school law the tmii "school year" means the twehc nionilis fiom the first of duly of one year to, and incdudiiiL*', the thirtieth of dune of the following' yeai', and the term month means a calendar month. 2()28 — The school coninnssioiu^i-s or trustees nnist, il they do not wish to continue the euuagement of anv teacher under their control durinu' the year tollowin^L;. uotil'y such teacher of their intention, in writing, tw(» months befoni the expiration of his or her engagement, in default of wbicli, such teacher shall 1)0 deemed to be le-engaged for the same s(diool. and u]tun the sann^ terms. rin"s ja'ovision shall not la'cvent the commissioners ov trustees from cancelling the enuagement of any teache)', for the causes set forth in paragraph two of Article 201^0. 2029 — All notices given collectively or simul- taneously to teachers by connnissioners or trustees, with the view of evading the provisions of the j)recedin'4 article, tuul all ;igreements miuie with them for sucIl purpo.se. are null and of no efl'ecu 2030 — Kvery teaclier who does not intend to con- tinue his or her eno-aoement for the followino' vear must give notice to the school commissioners or trustees similar to that required by Article 2028. 202G — 2. Tt is the duty of school commissioneis and trustees to cancel, after mature deliberation, at ,'i meeting calletri(^tly ol)served, the prog'ress of the scholars, the character and ca])acity of the teachers, iind everv other matter rehiiiiii!' to the manao'ement of the schools : ]."). To hear and decide disputes arisiiiL!,' between the l»arents or children and the teachers. 14. T\) dismiss fiom school any pu])il who is immoral in word or deed, or ])ersisrtently insubordinate. 2078 — School commissioners and trustees shall cause their secretary-treasurers to take, between the first day of Septend)er and the first day of (?)ctober of every year, a census of the children in the school munici|)ality, distinguishing' those who are from five to seven, those from fourteen i(j sixteen, those from seven to fourteen years, and those actually attending school. They shall transmit such census to the superinten- dent in their semi-annual report of the month of January each vear. 207G — The school commissioners or trustees mo,v establish in the municipality a girls' school distinct from that for boys, and such girls' school shall be con- sidered as a school district. n scuonl, TAXKS. \y.\ 1; 1 in tin' izoil by MlHMlt of •ilin'j; t<> iiiiuition, selves ttt ice in six whetlier •oo-ress C)f teaebers, Lenient ol wee sinuu< n the )ral ees shall ween the letober of he school )ni five to roni seven m school, upeiinteii- month of [St ees may ol distinct i\\ be con- 2(>7 7 — If anv rehLjinus ('oniniunilv has alieadv estabhslicd ;in clcnientarv schcxtl foi' Lrirls, in anv niunicipiibiy, >:urli comniunily may phu »• its school, from year to ycai'. or as may br aLiiced ii))uii. under the manaLTcmeiit of the eoinmissinners (u- li'usLees, and it shall then lie entitled to all tfie advantap's ^ivanted by this law to public schools. SCI loo I. IWXKS. !2()*)G — It is the dulv of school commissionei'S and ti-nstees t(» cause lo he lt'\i('(l hy taxation, in their res|)eeii\e mnnieipalities, the taxes deemed necessai} for the sui»|Mirl itf the schools under their control. !2C)3S--Scho(»l taxes are inijiosrd uidfoi'ndy. aceoi'd- in<:^' to valuation, uj'oii all taxable real ]>ro|ierty in ihf municipality, and are payable l.y t he owner, occupant , or possessor of such ))ro]teriy, and are, it' not jiaid, a s])ecial chariL;*' thereon, bearinjj," hypothec, and not renuirimj; i-euistration. 20iJ9 - The su[>erintendent may allow scIkjoI coin- nnssioners or trustees to le\y u})on real estate, situate outside the limits of a town or \illai;'e. l)Ut fornun<^pait. of the same school municipality as such town or Nilla'.'ie, a tax of not less than one-half of that ievic^l u[)on real estate comprised within the limits of such town or villa,ue. t213G — School taxes are im]>osed between the first day of duly and the first day of Septemljci- in eachyeai', and must be }iaid at any time on demand, provided public notice be ijiven at least thirtv davs befori^ enforcin of nov capable of attendmu- sdmol : but children fmni five to .seven years and from fourteen to sixteen vears of a^^e residin-.' ill any school district, upon paymeiu of the sa?d monthly ees, have a right to atten.l the school thereof, and th.^se from sixteen to eighteen have a i.ght to attend the model scho(.l of the municipalitv. 2071— The monthly schoof fees, fixed by the com- missioners or trustees, are collected in the sjuue manner ami at the same time as school taxes, or monthly in advance. 2072— School commissioners or trustees cannot €xact monthly school fees : 1. From indigent ]>ersons : 2. For insane, deaf or dumb children : »'■ mmm 9(i MANL'AL OF SCHOOL LAW. ."». For eliildroii wlio are uiialtle lo attend school owinu; to serious and })rolonged illness: 4. For children who are a))sent from tlie school municipality for the ])urpose of receiving their educa- tion, or for children in a college or other incorporated educational institution, or one receiving a special grant from the public funds, other than schools under the control of commissioners or trustees. 2073 — The monthly fees pavaltle for children attending a model school, a separate girls' school, or a scliool kept l)y some religious comnnmity, forming a school district, do not form part of the school fund ; but such monthly fees, to the amount established for the other children in the municipality, are payable directly to the teacher, and are for his or her use, unless a ditferent a'^reement has been made between the school co])oi'ation and the teacher. !J074 — School commissioners and trustees, in the semi-annual reports which they are bound to transmit to tlie superintendent, are retpiired to state the amount of monthly fees tixed for each district, and the amount of such fees actually collected, either directly by them or by the teacher. 2075 — If the school commissioners or trustees fail to Hx the amount of monthly fees to be })aid for the children in each district, ctr to cause the same to be collected, the superintendent, with the a]»proyal of the Lieutenant-( lovernor in Council, may refuse the school grant for the year to the school n:unicii)ality, repre- sented by such commissioners or trustees in default. SCHOOL-HOUSES. 20»I2 — .'). It is the duty of school cinnmissioner.s (or trustees) to do whatever may be expedient with regard to building, rei)airing, keeping in order or renewing all school-houses, lands, fences and moveable S("HOOL iiorsE>i. i)7 d school le school ir educa- orporated c'ial grant uider the children diool, or a forming a fund ; but id for the le directly 3, unless a the school ees, in the transmit he amount he amount V hv them •ustees fail id for the kime to be ival of the the school ity, repre- vle fault. imissioners idient with order or il moveable ''£ })r()perty held by tliem, or to hire temporarily or acce])t tlie gratuitous use of houses and otlier buihhugs for the })urpose of keeping school therein : 4. To associate with tlieniselves, permanently, or for a time onlv, managers to aid tliem in matters connected with tlie administration of the school-houses, the erection and repair, warming and cleaning thereof, and with keeping in good order tlie property, moveable and immoveable, beloniiing to the school. 2049 — If it be necessary to purchase, build, rebuild, enlarge, re|)air or maintain one or more school-houses, in anv tlistrict whatever, the school commissioners or ti'ustees may, at all times, for the purpose, tax either the particular district or the whole municipality, according as one or the other plan has already been adopted in the municipality. If a house for a model school be in (piestion, the disti'ict in which the said school is situated is first taxed for an amount equal to that which it would liave cost the district to eiect an elementary school-h(juse. The additional sum re([uired for the model school-house is levied on the whole municipality, the district also paying its share. 2050 — The superintendent may authorize the school commissioners or trustees of an}" school municipality, not being an incorporated town or village municipality, to build and maint;dn two or more school-houses in anv school district. 2053 — No tax exceeding the sum of three thousand dollars can be levied for the construction of a house for an academv or model school, nor exceedin*' the sum of sixteen hundred dollars for the construction of an elementarv school-house, unless the school connnis- sioners or trustees are specially authorized by the superintendent to expend a larger sum. 98 MANUAL OF -SCHOOL LAW. 2. Scliool-houses are built in accordance with and upon plans approved, or furnished, by the superintendent. 2054 — Upon the recommendation of the superin- tendent, and with the approval of the Eoman Catholic or Protestant committee of the Council of Public Instruction, as the case nuiy l)e, school commissioners and trustees may devote to the maintenance of academies or model schools under their control, a sum wliich shall not exceed in any one year, one thousand dollars. The amount thus appropriated is included in the t^eneral tax raised bv them. 2064 — AVhen a school district is divided bv the creati(jn of a new district or new municipality, the part on which the school-house is situated retains the property thereof, and refunds to the other an amount estal)lished pro rata by tiie valuation of the real propei'ty wliich was taxed for its erection. 2. The same rules are followed when the relio-ious minoritv shall declare themselves dissentient, unless an understanding to the contrary be come to with the minority, the majority keep the said school-house on payment of an amount determined as above. .'). In either uf the two cases the school commission- ers or trustees of the municipality in which the said school-house is situated shall entrust three competent pers(jns to make a valuation of the said school-house, and of the land upon which it is built, and such valua- tion approved by them shall be final. 4 If, after such valuation, the persons interested still do not ai^ree, there is an appeal to the superintendent, and the latter, after the said valuation and an authentic copy of the valuation roll of the property of all the parties interested have been placed in his hands, pro- nounces a final decision. 5. In such cases the school commissioners or trustees SECKETAKV-TKEASUREK.S. 99 ■hand upon teiicleiit. he superiii- aii Catholic of riiblic nmissioners teiiance of itrol, a sum le thousaml included in ided by the ity, the part retains the ' an amount ji the real he relio'ious it, unless an to with the )ol-house on com mission - ch the said competent cliool-house, such valua- terested still erintendent, in authentic V of all the hands, pro- 's or trustees ^shall, without delay, apportion l)etween tlie proper persons the amount to be ])aid, collect the nnjney as soon as possible l)y le^'al process as in the case of col- lection f taxes, and render accounts to the persons interested. 2O05 — It is lawful for two or more school muni- cipalities to unite, by mutual a^ureement, in maintaining a model scliool or an academy, and in erecting a buikl- ing therefor. 2035 — Xo schotjl corporation shall, without the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor, upon tlie recom- uiendaLion of the superintendent of public instruction, hypothecate, alienate, sell or exchange the property belonging to it, or borrow monev thereon for school purposes. SECRETARY-TREASURERS. 2087 — Every school corporation has an officer called the secretary-treasurer, a])])ointt'd by the school commissioners or trustees, and he remains in ottice during the pleasure of the said commissioners or trustees. 2088 — Everv secretarv-treasurer is reiiuired before t. V 1 entering u|)on his duties as such, to gi\'e security to the school connnissioners or trustees. 2095 — The secretary-treasurer is the kee[)er of all the books, registers, plans, maps, archives and other documents and ])apers which are either the property of the school corporation, or are produced, tiled and preserved in the office thereof. He cannot divest himself of the custody of such archives, except with the permission of ilie school corporation, or under the authority of a competent court. 100 :vrANUAL OF SCHOOL LAW. 2096 — The secretary-treasurer attends at all meet- ings of the scliool corporation and draws up minutes of all the acts and proceedings thereof, in a book kept for tliat purpose, and called " minutes of proceedings," 2 I OO — The secretary-treasurer collects and has charge of all moneys due or payable to the school corporation. 210I — He pays out of the funds of the school corporation, a.ll sums of money due l)y it, whenever authorized to do so by such corporation. If the sum to be paid does not exceed ten dollars, the authorization of the chairman is suttlcient. 2 1 02 — Even in the absence of authorization from the school corporation, or from its chairman, it is his duty to pay, out of the funds of the corporation, any draft or order drawn upon liim, or any sum demanded by any one empowered so to do l)y the provisions of the school law or regulations, 2103 — No draft or order can, however, be legally paid, unless the same shows sufficiently the nature of the use to be made of the sum therein mentioned. 2 104 — Xo secretary-treasurer can, under a penalty of twentv dollars f(jr each infraction : 1. ( Irant dischan-es to rate-payers, or other persons indebted to the school corporation for school taxes or other debts, without liaving actually received in cash or in lawful value the amount mentioned in such discliarges ; 2. Lend directly or indirectly, by himself or by otliers, to rate-payers or other persons whomsoever, moneys received in payment of school taxes or belong- ing to the school corporation. 2105 — The secretary-treasurer is bound to keep, ill the form prescribed, books of account, in which he enters, according to date, each item of receipt and SKCKETAUY-TKE.VSl'KEUS. 101 5 at all meet- p niiinites of )ook kept for >eclings," cts and has. ) the scliool f the school it, whenever n dollars, the rization from nan, it is his ■poration, any nn demanded provisions of er, be legally he nature of itioned. ler a penalty ither persons liool taxes or Jived in cash Ined in such [nself or by whomsoever, es or belong- [md to keep, in which he receipt and •expenditure, mentioning tlierein tln' names of all persons wlio have })aid money into liis hands, or t<> whom he has made anv ])avment. t/ 1 t' 2i06 — He nnist keep, amongst the archives of the .school cor[)oration, all vouchers for his ex})enditure. 2107 — The secretary-treasurer is l)Ound to keep a " repertory," in which lie mentions in a summary manner and in the order of their dates, all reports ot" acts of apportionment, valuation rolls, collection rolls, judgments, maps, plans, statements, notices, letters, papers and documents whatsoever, which are in his possession during the exercise of liis othce. 2108 — The secretary-treasurer's l)ooks of account .and vouchers tor his expenditure, together with all che registei's or documents in his archives, are open for inspection and examination l)y every interested party, ■or their attorneys, on the ottice days as established by the school corporation, l)et\veen the hours of nine in the morning and four in the afternoon. Such persons, either themselves or l)y their attor- neys, nuiy take all notes, extracts or co})ies wiiich they require. 21 lO — The school conunissioners or trustees mav at anytime remove the secretary-treasurer, and appoint another in his place. 2111 — Xo teacher can be appointed secretary- treasurer. 2112 — The remuneration of the secretarv-treasurer cannot exceed seven per cent, upon the moneys received by him as such for all the services consistent witli the ■duties oi his office, which the school commissioners or trustees may re([uire of him, except in cases specially provided for hy the school law and by regulations upon the matter m.ade l)y the superintendent. Nevertheless the school commissioners or trustees auay, by resolution, with the authorization of the W^ f 102 .MANTAL OF .SCHOOL LAW. superintendent, grant a supplementary snni to the secretary-treasurer for the use of his office as well as- for any otlier consideration tliereby specified. 2115 — Seliool connnissioners and trustees appoint one or two auditors to examine aiul audit the accounts kept by tlieir secretary-treasurer, in office or out of office. Sucli auditors are bound, in tlie montli of July iu' each year, and when tlie school corporation requires, to make an examination of and to report respectin<^ all accounts of the cor])oration and all accounts relating to any subject falling witiiin their jurisdiction. PAYMI^NT AND DL^^TRIBUTION OF THE COMMON SCHOOL FUND. 2173 — The suuls constituting the common school fund of tlie Province are paid to the superintendent iu two semi-annual payments, and the superintendent pays tlieir respective shares to the several boards of school commissioners and trustees, in two semi-annual })ayments. 2175 — To entitle any school to its share of the general or local school fund, it is requisite and sufficient :. 1. Tliat It has been under the manaii-ement of school commissioners or trustees in the manner directed by this law ; 2. Tliat it has been in actual operation during at least eiglit months : 3. Tliat it has l^een attended by at least fifteen children (periods of ei)idemic or contagious diseases excepted) ; 4. That reports liave been made to the school c(mimissioners or trustees, by the teaclier, and by at least two of the commissioners or trustees : COMMON SCHOOL J CM). UK) 11 ni to the 36 as well as. (1. tees appoint tlie accounts e or out of 1 of July in on requires^ espectinf^ all .s relating to» 1. COMMON nmon school intendent in perintendent •al boards of I semi-annual share of the nd sufficient r. lent of school • directed hj ou during at least fifteen )ious diseases- ) the school lY, and by at ' 5 T). That a public exaiiiination of tlie scliool lias taken place : G. That a report, sim-nerimary instruction : and the school authorities are authorized to de-bict out of the salaries of such officers the amount retained by the superintendent. 2281 — Tlic ]/ension fund for officers of primary in- struction is administered by a commission composed of the superintendent of public instruction, as president, and of f(jur delegates a[)pointed as follows : — one by the convention of Koman Catholic teacliers in ^Montreal, one bv the convention of Koman Catholic teachers in (Quebec, and two bv the Trovincial Association of Protestant Teachers. These delegates renuiin in office until they are replaced by those who appointed then]. MISCKI.LANEOrs I'liOVlSlONS. 107 II SOVIOUS )ssil)li3 for i('C'i(laid for their services, but their travellin*,' expenses arc ]>aid out <'f the ].)ensi<.)n fund. the salary (iv annum : inly on the inually out; f tlial por- ialed to the hv otl'icers dollars is -yearly, out 'Or normal alv l»v the s necessary ch otlieer of lovities are i\\v\\ oiticers primary in- composed of s president, s : — one by in ^lontreal, teacliers in )ciation of il they are ^^ MisCKLI.AXKors rKOVISlOXS. PuhJir Notial door of such church. 1S7(> — Tlie school corporation may also, by resolu- tion, fix one or more localities in tlie municipality, or in a neiuli boring' city, town, or villa^ue municipality, if such city, town, or villaLic municipality forms part C)f the same parish or of the same townshi]), in which any ]>ublic notice must be read aloud, in a distinct manner, on the Sunday next followinu' the day on which the same was published, at the close of divine service, if such service has lieen held. The omission U) read such notice does not invalidate the publication of tlie notice, but the persons who were bound, or who undertook to read it, thereby incur a penalty of not less than two or more tiian ten dollars. lOS MANCAL OF SCHOOL LAW. 1873 — Every public notice convening any public meetinu,-, or for any object whatever, must be given and published seven clear days l)efore the day appointed for such meeting or other proceeding, except in cases otherwise provided for. Holidays in Sclioold. 1878 — Saturdav is a holidav in everv school under the control of commissioners or trustees, unless a, regulation to the contrary be adopted by the commis- sioners or trustees, and approved by the superintendent ; but such regulation nuiy at any time be repealed by the superintendent, or by the connuissioners or trustees, after notice duly given by the latter to the superin- tendent. Tlie Eoman Catholic and Protestant committee mav, with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, fix the other liolidavs in the schools under their resi)ective control. Fiiies and Penalties. 2193 — Every person duly called upon to accept any ottice or perform any functions under this law, who refuses to accept or neglects t(3 perform the same, or who, in any way, wilfully contravenes the provisions of tliis law, incurs thereby for each such ott'ence, whether of comniissi(jn or omission, a penalty of not less than five dollars, or more than ten dollars, according to the gravity of the offence, in the discretion of the court or authority havinii- cognizance thereof. 2197 — Every person who, voluntarily and intention- ally, troubles, disturbs, or interrupts any school or educational institution, by indecent, improper, or injurious expressions or conduct, or l)y nuiking any M]S('ET.LANE( »rs I'ROVISKiNS. 10<^ y public iveii and ppoiuted ill cases )ol under unless a conmiis- itendent ; »ealed b)- • trustees, superin- noise in or near siicli school oi- educational institution, sons to disturl* the classes or the school, shall, u})on sunnnarv conviction before at least two justices of the })eace, be condemned to a fine not exceedin^^ twenty dollars and costs. vi])on the de]»osition of one credible witness. Such tine belon<.is to the school coniniissioners, or ti'ustees of the inunicij»ality, as the case may be, and shall be employed for the benefit and advancement of education in theii' mimiciiialitv. 1 V ttee may, ernor in ider their to accept law, who same, or visions of , whether less than ng- to the e court or intention- school or roper, or king any ■nm INDEX KVSCHOOL LAW. Boards of Kxaininers Common .School Fund - Council of Public Instruction Department of Public InstrueliMu ]>issenticnl Schools , Election of School Commissioners Fines and Penalties - Holidays in Schools Management of Schools Meetings of Scliool Commissioners Monthly Fees - - - . Notice of Dissent - - - Pension Fuml - - . . Public Notices - - - Secretary -Treasurer School Houses - - - . School inspectors School Municipalities - School 'J'axes ... School "S'isitors . . - . Superior Education - PAGll - 81 - 102 • 78 < / • 84 ■ 87 108 107 90 90 94 84 10.-. 1 Ot) 99 96 80 8.S U'A 80 104 S mm^ ■r'r .-.^'Ji. 'A, ii, '»~J>- $< .5 AN OUTLINE OF SOHOOL ORGANIZATION. K TTT SCHOOL ORGANIZATION. lilt leacl.er.. work- ,„ sel.ool naturallv falls i„|,„ re riT'n,. :'"'°'" ''^'''^'' '"'^^■' "' '"M'cal order, .uo -(1 ),(),, ,AMm-iox: (2), Discipline ; (;.!), Tkacm- Iv 1. not hkdy to be perfonue.l with that eflieieucv ua eoouon.y o tuue and labor, both of t),e teachi •mcl the pupi s, and that absence of friction whicl, ^iK-tdd characterrse the operation of eNery .v.od scho ',1 " In these opening words (,f Lan.lon, ,SV/,«„/ o,ya„;;>- n'.TnLn.l ''■'"''"' "^l'' 1"?'''""" '" tl'« 'eacher's work : he fi " u r'T ,"^ "■- ""I'M'la'K-'e l)Ut because it is vMicn lie takes cliarge of a sehool. The o-reat object before everv teacher is ,//,>/,„/ ,!^,"f' "" <"; ''■«'/"•".'/■ l.i order^,, secure this e e "oi',::-:: ,'''•''•'■;''';' ''-v'/''-, und it is onu- i ' "ell o.u,u,ue,l school that good order can be n.aintliined - ■'-•■'•;»,. the chani^Llrti,: p::;iif-^'^'' '""'''^■'^^^ .iimcuit''Xt"°T'tf''^ "" ""S'™''^'' •^^■''«'i i-' niattti. It taxes the powers of an experienced 110 OUTLINE nF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION. teaclier, and it is a serious problem for those who are eiiteriii;^' upon the work for the first time. Many of the prohlenLS and dilhcidties which present themselves for solution in scliool life can be delayed and studied, or can be solved little by little as experience is gained. But this (juestion of school organization presents itself for solution on the first morning of school. It cannot l)e delayed. A temi)orai'y solutic)n must l)e found the first day and a permanent solution during the first week. A badly organized school is a very ditlicult school to {.govern, and manv failures in school mana^'ement can be traced to defective organization. It is obvious, tlierefore, that tlioroiigh organization is an essential condition of success in teaching and deserves the serious attention of everv candidate for a teacher's diploma. School Okganization includes everything that has to do with the machinery of the school. It is the orderly and systenuitic arraugement of all the elements which have to be considered in the management of a school. The elements which require to be considered in the organization of a school are as follows: — (1), The School Koom : (2), The Course of Study : (3), The Text-Books: (4), The Pupils: (5), The Teacher's; Time and the Tui'ils' Time. Tlie subject of school organization will now be con- sidered under these several heads. The ])articular kind of organization adopted must of <'Ourse vary, in many of its details, with the varying coiulitions of the schools. But any teacher wlio has mastered tlie principles which govern the proper organization of an ungraded elementary school will hiid little difficulty in applying tliese principles to any THE SCHOOL ROOM. 11 3 are uy of selves adied, ained. ; itseU' cannot id the liool to jut can obvious, essential ^-es the teacher's that has is the eleiuents eut of a ed in the _(1), The (3), The :eacher'^ vv be con- d mnst of le varymg who has lie proper chool will )les to any otlier school. The un^'nuled eli'intMilary school will, therefore, be taken as our typical school in this chapter. (1) THE SCHOOL ROOM. The condition and arrangements of the school room have a very important intiuence upon the organization and management of a school. Although ihe teacher may have few opportunities (^f determining the ar- rancrements of the school room, he should at least he familiar with the hygienic con* ht ions rerpiisite for the health and comfort of the }ui})ils. For this ])urpose he should study, among other things, articles ll'.)-14G of the liegulations of the Protestant Connnittee in ordei' that he may understand clearly the intiuence of light, heat, ventilation, position, cVc. upon the cond'ort and health of the inijuls. Tupils are fre([uently restless and listless simi)ly because of the unhealthy and uncom- i, t. * fortable conditions of the school room. Teachers will consult their own interests as well as those of their pu])ils by giving s})ecial attention to the hygienic conditions under which they and their pupils are working. Methods of Seating. — In seating his ])upils a, teacher will require to take into C(.)nsideration theii' size, class and sex. As a rule the bovs and girls should he arranged on op]»osite sides of the room — the little v)nes in the front, the older ones in the rear — and members of the same grade or class as near together as possihle. It should l)e clearly understood that the teacher determines the position of each ])upil, and thai he may change the position of a pupil at any time if he finds it desirable to do so. Movements in the School IiOom. — All general movements of pu])ils should be made upon a uniform plan and in accordance with a recognized system of BBE 118 OITMNK UF .SCHOOL OWOANJ/ATION, sioiijily. If . .*). Jiifjlil (ir left, or rit' live. 2ieut '. i ssavy these Defove jstion, veva;irent uses the jMiUlic school lie nuisl l;ike the coinmoii course provided. (;>) TKXT-P.OOKS. The text-l)ook plays a very iinporlant part ' ur modern school life. These iustrunieuts of the teacher should he well adapted for the purposes which they are to serve. A list of ))ooks authorized for use iu the schools of the Trovince is })repared from time to time hy the Protestant Committee. Frcjm this authorized list, each schocd municipality is reijuired to select one book or one graded set of hooks in each subject for use in the schools of the municipality. It is the teacher's duty on entering- upon school work in a municipality to obtain from the secretary-treasurer a list of the text- books selected for use in the schools of the muni'^ dity and then to use these books to the exclusion of all .3rs. (4) THE ITl'ILS — CLASSIFICATION. The ])upils no doul)t form the most important factor wliich the teacher has to deal with in school organization. In a school where the pupils' ages range from six to sixteen it is evident that thev cannot all be dealt witli at the same time. The teacher must divide the pupils into groups or classes so as to carry on the work to the best advantage. Classification. — A class is a group of pupils capable of being instructed touether and of benefiting to the largest extent bv such instruction. The older schools adopted the individual method of teEiching. The master remained at his desk and called up his pupils one by one to recite their lessons and to receiv^e help while the rest of the pupils were otherwise engaged. The idea that ten children can l)e tauuht as well as m l\l <'I,ASSIKI(ATI<>N (.!■■ I'llMLS. he pher ' are the lime L'izeil , one r use, »her's mlity text- ility .31'^. Di'taui school range lot all must carry apable to the ^schools The pupils ve hel]) ngat^ed. well as «>ue if ihcir aLl.uunii'iils arc iilMnit fju.il i> ;i nioti.^ni idea which now l'<»rms tlie l>asis of all xhnol Mroani- zati(Jii. Tmk Ai)VAXTAreser\'e order through- out the school. DlFFl'Ti/riEs. — Although it. may a|>})ear an ea.sy matter to divide a school into groups, the work is at- tended with ditli('ulti<'s. Tht' number (jf grou[)S must be limited. Kach grou[> or class must be made as large as possilde, or the teacher's lime will be occupied with a larg(i luunber of small classes. Kach pu])il must therefore be placed in one of three or four classes, whether his attainments exaetly corr('S|)ond with those of a particular class or iKd. The memhers of a class may have e(iual attainments when the class is formed, but as the work goes on ,>onit' pupils make more [)ro- gress than others and the members of the class soon develop marlced diM'erences in tlieir attainments. Then again, some [)Upils are much older and larger than others of the same attainments and these do not care to be placed in a junior class. In the average district school there are generally two or three ])Ui)ils who are far in advance of all other pupils and who seem to ref[uire a separate clas^ for themselves. These are a few of the dilhculties which reipiire to be met in the classiHcation of a school. It is evi»lent, therefore, that this w'ork (tf elassitication is not onlv a V22 DlTLINE ' will require to l;»e taken into consideration in ordei' to secure a wise ckissification. Moreover, the careful teacher will consider the following points anicnig others in (dassifying new pupils, Has the ])upil ever attended school before ( What does he actmdlv know i AVill his health stand the strain of severe work ] Is he old enough t(» l)e pushed along I'apidly ? AVhat are his liome influences i These and many similar points v/ill receive careful attention from the faithful teacher in detei-mining doubtfid cases. Attainments — How 1 )etehminei>. — The experienced teachei' Hnds it diHicult to determine the rrue position of a pupil. Tt is upil. ^^ubjects a })roper share of attention i ...,,,. ,,,^,, J his single system of «dassitication should be carried rom each 124 OUTLINE OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION. out in all our seluiols, due allowance being made for .special cases which call for treatment from time to time. Nu.mbp:r of Classes. — The number of groups or classes into which a school is divided has an important influence upon its efhciencv. If the pu])ils form one class eacli pupil is associated with the teacher all the time. If tlie school consists of two classes each pupil is associated with the teacher half the ":me. When there are tliree or four classes each puj.J gets a third or a fourth of the teacher's time. As the number of classes increases the etticiency of the school diminishes. We are bound therefore to make as few classes as i3ossible in each school. The tendency (»f vouno- and 1. t, t Cj inexperienced teachers is to multiply classes in order to provide for variety of attainment in pupils. The serious effect which this has upon the eihciency of the school should therefore receive careful consideration. The school should be i will ])e found sutticient for the average elementary school, and the teacher should endeavor to restrict his classes to this number. (5) TIME OF TEACHER AND PUPILS. When a teacher has divided his school into classes and has his course of stu.tly l)efore him he is ready to take up the active work of teaciiing. Ihit a number of practical (juestions at once present themselves for solution. How much time siiall he give to each subject of the course of study ? How long should the lessons be ? Should each subject be taken up every day ? Sliould the senior or junior classes be called up first ? What subjects should be taken in the mornin;' and what subjects in the afternoon ? While engaged TIME OK TEACHER AND ITIMLS. 12;j lasses ly to )er 01 13S for each Jd the every led up orniug o-aged with one class liow am I to keep the other classes of the school occii])ied ? These and many similar ([ues- tions require to be solved Ijefore the teacher can carry on his work to good advantage. Tlie teaclier evidently requires to prepare a written form giving in detail the work actually done in sciiool by eacli class — the order in whicli it is done and tlie time devoted to each exercise. Such a form is called a Time- Table and it is an essential part of the machinery of every school. The Tjme-Table. — The school regulations provide that each teacher is " to prepare and keep in a con- spicuous place in tlie schoolroom for the guidance of teacher and pupils a time-table showing the order of exercises for each class for each day in the week, and the time devoted to each exercise per day.' School inspectors are also requii'ed to examine the time-table in each school and to ascertain whether it is iudiciouslv framed or not. It is evident, therefore, that great importance is attached to this written form of school work. Advantages. — A good time-table confers great bene- fits l)oth upon teacher and pupils. It relieves the teacher of the necessity of deciding at every step what is to follow next and leaves him at liberty to devote his whole thought to the work in which he is engaged. It settles the Hmits within which the teaclier must carry through definite portions of his work. It pre- vents confusion at change of lessons and, by providing regular and constant employment for each class, it is a powerful aid to discipline. The advantages to the pupils are ei^ually important. A good time-table secures regular instrnction in each of the branches of the school course. The relative importance of the several subjects is recognized and the time distributed accordinglv. The lessons are so arranged that the chief exercise is laid npon the ditl'er- 12(3 OL'TLIXE OF SCHOOL OliOANIZATIOX. out lueiitiil fiic'ulties in liirii. The most siiilaUle time is selected for eat'li kind of work. The time-table has also a moral value for the pupils. r»y \vorkin,u' under a definite system the pupils develoj) lialjits of order. As tliey must prepare their lessons at a definite time or not at all the habit of industry is cultivated. Such a regulated order of work teaches the \'alue of time and tlie importance of punctuality. As teaclier and pupils are held to close each section of work at a deliiute time, the honor due to law is illus- trated. As the teacher must leave one class to attend to another at a definite time, respect for the ri^'lits of others is inculcated. The advantaj^-es and influences of the time-table aic therefore very important both to teachers and })U[tils. There is })erhaps no l)etter test of the teaclier's et'iiciency than the character of the time-table he ])i'e])ares for the use of his school. TiiEi^AiiATioN OK A Timk-Tap.le. — A time-table is the written form of work actually doiui in each class of a school, Lh(^ order in which it is done, and the time /V7>rt/7///r/// by the pupils and /rproductio/i, written or oral, this f/im'fold character of tlie work nuist come out clearlv in the time-table. Taiutau Fokm. — A time-table is usually arran<_'ed in tabular form, (Mie colunni being given to each class in the school. There sliould, therefore, l)e as many columns in the tinie-tal)le as there are classes in the school. The time-table for the avera.ge district school with four classes sliould consist of four colunnis. A time-table for such a, school is sometimes arranged in a, single colunui showing only flir n'orl,' f('/,en hif flu TIME OF TEACIIEK AND I'l'l'lLS. 127 mo Ah. lop 3 at tlUi As 11 of llus- teud LS oi es of \\ to : test I the is tlie thue bjects ;th of oiveu I/O// by lU'fioil, ranj^ed 11 class uiaiiy in the school uis. A ved in a fh II' teacher with each class. This is a teacher's tiiue-taltle ; but it'omits the most ditticult part of a school time- table, naiiielv, tlie wise and judicious arrauLienient of constant eniploynient for the whole school while tlie teacher is occujned with particular classes. Tliis divided and varied character of the school is the weak point of tlie ungrnded school. It requires all the skill and thoughtful arrangement of the ex])erienced teacher to employ proHtalily the three-fourths of the school time during- which jaipils of each class must work by themselves while the teacher is cn<4aovd with other classes. The etliciency of a school depends upon a wise arrangement of the pupils' time rather than upon the arrangement of the teacher's time. A satis- fact(n'V time-table must therefore consist of as manv columns as there are classes in ihe school, and it nnist show not onlv what llu^ teacher is doino- l)ut also what each (dass is doing at everv lesson duiinii- the day. LEXirni OF Lessons. — Under ordinary circumstances half-hour lessons are considered short enough for successful work. lUit in those schools where a teacher has a large nund)er of small classes fifteen minutes will l)e found a more convenient lesson i)eriod and where a longer time is necessary the period can l»e doubled. At the rate of hve hours per day this will give (G x ") x 4) 1.20 lesson ])eriods per week for each class. Daifv or{ Weekly Time-Taule. — \\\ some cases the school work is so arranged that the time-table is the same for each dav in the week. It will be found more convenient, however, to arrange the work so as to have the same morning lime-table throughout the week but three ditlerent orders for tlie afternoons. One for Monday and Wednesday afternoons — another for Tues- day and Thursday afternoons and a third for Friday afternoon. DFSTHii'.rTiON OF THE TEAcifEij's TiME. — The teacher 128 OUTLINE OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION. has one hundred and twenty available lesson periods to distribute among the four classes of his school each week. The junior classes have fewer subjects than the seniors, but they are more dependent upon the help of the teacher. The senior classes have more subjects, but they can work independently without the presence of the teacher. It seems fair therefore to sav that the teacher's available lesson periods (120) should be distributed about equally among the four classes, giving about thirty lesson periods to each class per week. By uniting classes for occasional lessons, and by taking the whole school together in writing, singing, drawing, etc., the teacher is able to rain a certain number of addi- tional lesson periods to l)e distributed among the classes. Of the one hundred and twenty weekly lesson periods, twenty (or four eacli day), will be occupied with Scripture teaching and recesses. In the two lower grades or classes it is desirable to shorten the afternoon session by two lesson periods and in the lowest class two additional recesses dailv are desirable. The lesson periods available for each grade after making tliese deductions are as follows : — Graih I. Grade II. Gradt III. Grade IV. 80 90 100 100 In order to distribute these lesson periods to the best advantage over the several subjects uf the respective grades it will be necessary to consider, with much care, the relative importance of the different subjects and the requirements of the pupils in the several grades. The following arrangement is suggested as fairly meeting the reqvdrements of the case : — Sidjccts. Grade I. Grade II. Grade III. Grade IV. English 45 r.O 40 40 Writing T) 10 10 10 Aritlinietic 20 20 20 20 (Geography 2 2 4 4 History .. 4 4 TIME OF TEACHER AND PUPILS. V2'.) Subjects. Grade I. Grade II. Grade III. Grade IV. Drawing S 3 2 2 Obj. Lessons 3 3 3 French ,.,. 2 2 2 2 Gen. Ex . 4 4 Study. . 6 3 Examination ... 5 5 Totals 80 00 100 100 It is not held that tliis is the only distribution of the pupils' time, nor tliat it is the bestflrat it is one which, with slight modifications, will work satisfactorily in the average ungraded school. In order to arrange these lesson periods so as to form a time-table in tabular form wliich will indicate the exact order and time of each lesson period in each class throughout a week, much time and care must be expended and many trials made. The following specimen time-iable has been prepared as a guide to teachers in laying out one for their respective schools. It is not supposed that this time- table will satisfy the requirements of any particular school ; but it serves to illustrate how the principles enunciated in the foregoiug paragraplis may be carried out into a working time-table. In order to understand this time-table it is necessarv to observe : (1) That the names of classes taken by the teacher are printed in italics ; that all other classes are at work at tlieir desks : (2) That in writing, arithmetic and drawing, the whole school work together, while the teacher gives his time to particular classes or to indivi- duals as the case may recpiire ; (3) That in certain lessons two classes are taken together ; (the third class may occasionally read with the second book class to advantage) ; (4) That two spelling lessons can be heard at the same time if taken as dictation. L 130 OUTLINE OF SCHOOL OKOANIZATION. SPF.CIMEN TIME-TAliLK FOR MONDAY, TUESDAY. WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY AND FRIDAY, A.M. llouns. lUK)- it. 10 P.IO— 9.30 9.30- 8.45 !>.'15-10.00 10.00— 1U.15 10.15-10.30 10.30r-l(U5 10.45-11.00 11.00—11.15 11.15—11.30 11.30—11.45 I 11.45-12.00 ' GllADE I. Grade II. GnAr)E III. Ghade; IV. Opening exercises, including l?i))le Reading, Prayer, Hymn. Instruction in Morals and Scripture History, fl] Study reading. Write words. Recess. Eeatling. Writing. Recess. Write figures. Reading. Arithmetic. Ari1h)uetic. Study reading. Write words. Reading. Writing. Writing. Recess. Reading. Study reading. Re(tding. [2] Study. Writing. Writing. Recess. Reading. I Reading. ' [3] Study. ' Study. Writing. Writing. Recess. Study reading. Write substance of reading and spelling. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. MONDAY AND WIvDNESDAY, P.M. 1.00-1.15 1.15-1.30 1.30—1.45 1.45-2.W 2.00-2.15 2.15—2.30 2.30-2.45 2.45-3.00 3.C0-3.15 3.15-3.30 3.30-3.45 3.45-4.00 Study reading. Reading. Copy word?. Recess. Drawing. Geography. Recess. Copy tables. Spelling. French. Copy spelling. Study reading. ; Reading. Write tables. ! Drawing. Geography. Recess. Gen. exercise. Spelling. French. Copy spelling. Copy spelling. Reading. 1 Write tables. I History. ! History. I Recess. Gen. exercise. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Spelling. French. Reading. Write out sub- ject matter of Reading lesson. Examine work. History. History. Recess. Grammar. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Spelling. French. (IJ Morals on Monday and Wednesday, Scripture History on Tuesday and Thurs [2] History on Monday and Wednesday, Geography on Tuesdpy and Thursday, [3] History and Grammar on Monday and Wednesday, Geography and English TIME OF TEACHER AND ITI'IL^. i:;i -AN UNGRADED SCHOOL. TUESDAY AND THUKSDAY, P.M. HOUBS. Grade I. Gr de II. Grade III. Grade IV. 1.00-1.15 Study reading. Copy spelling. Copy spelling. Redding. 1.1.5-1.30 Readirnf. Study reading. Copy spelling. Write a letter. 1.30-1.45 Copy lesson. Reading. Write tables. Write a letter. 1.45—2.00 Recess. Write tables. English. Kiiglish. ■2.00-2.15 Enylisli. Kn(/Hsh. English. English. 2.15-2.30 English. English. Redding. English. 2.30-2.45 Recess. Recess. Recess. Recess. 2.45—3.00 Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. :3.00-3.15 Spelt ing. Spelling. Arithmetic. Arithmetic. 3.1S-3.30 Object Lesson. Object lesson. Map drawing. Map drawing. 3.30—3.45 Geographii. Spelling. Geography. 3.45—4.00 Spelling. FRIDAY, P.M. 1.00-1.15 1.15—1.30 1.30-1.45 1.45-2.00 2.00—2.15 2.15-2.30 2.30—2.45 2.45-3.00 3.00-3.15 3.15-3.30 3.30—3.45 3.45—4.00 Study i-eadiug. Reading. Write words. Object lesson. Spelling. Study reading. Study reading. Reading. Copy lesson. Spelling. Mental Arithmetic. Recess. Recess. Write figures or tables. Object lesson. Drawing. Drawing, Drawing. Drawing. Readi)uj. f2xaminatiou. Recess. Object lesson. Drawing. Drawing. Parts of Speech. Study. Reading. Examination. Recess. Gen. exercise. Drawing. Drawing. Parsing. Grammar. ■day, Physiology and Hygiene on Friday. Examination on Friday. «on Tuesday and Thursday. Grammar and E.^aniination on Friday. ('-• 1 *-v> OUTLINE OF SCHOOL ORCJANIZATIOX. THE FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL. There is no other day in the school year tliat exercises so i>-reat an influence upon the teacher's work as the lirst day of scliool. The impression which the teacher makes during the first day remains for good or for evil throughout the term. It is generally admitted that tlie work of tlie first day is as dlj/icidt as it is important. Let us enquire what the cu'cumstances are which render this work so difficult, and then let us try as far as. possible to meet and overcome these difficulties. The difficulties which present themselves to a teacher on the first school day arise (1) from the lack of infor- mation concerning the attainments and names of the pupils ; (2) From a lack of the necessary Looks and materials, for giving the pupils constant employment throughout the day ; (?)) From the lack of a definite plan of work for the whole day. It is the duty of the teacher to anticipate these difiiculties, and, as far as possible, to provide means of meeting them. Previous Knowledge. — It is important that the teacher should go to his first dav's work furnished with all the information he can possibly gain concerning the srhoolhouse, the pupils and their previous progress. For this purpose he may visit the schoolhouse and district before opening his school: but his most im- ]iortant source of information is tlie lyrcvious tcaclicv of the school. He should consult with the teacher and obtain a copy of the time-table used. Moreover, each teacher should leave Ijehind him, in permanent form^ such records of his school as will give his successor fairly complete information concerning the pupils and! their standino-. TIIK FIllsT I>.\V OK SCJIOOL. 1 . )• » 3ises . the Lchev • evil that ia lit. mder ar as- acher infor- ►f the aerials- (^hout )r the these ans of Lt the I witli ig the )(rress- and it im- ?hcr of tr and , each form^ Icessor Is and Anotlier inconvenience wliich the teacher feels dnriiii^' the first few davs in a new school arises from his not heing able to call the pupils by name. In order t<> minimize this ditticulty, which seriously interferes with the teacher's power of control, the following; plan is recommended: — I)raw a plan of the school-room, showing the position of each desk ; write on each desk represented the name of the ]>u])il occu])ying it. liy keeping this plan open on the teacher's desk the teacher can readily refer to any pupil in the room by name. Necessary Materials for Work. — Many pupils come to school the first day without the necessary books, slates, pencils, etc., and the teacher finds it almost impossible to provide suitable and constant employment for his pupils. This is, perha})s, the chief difficulty of the first days of school, and the teacher should bend all his energies to reduce it to its lowest terms. Success or failure here will have its influence upon the whole term of school. The teacher can well afrord to expend not only time and energy but also a little money in meeting this difficulty. Let us take a very unfavorable case. A schoolhouse without black- board ; several children without slates ; several children without pencils ; some children without books. What ])reparation can a teacher make to meet the require- ments of such a case. In order to meet these difficulties successfully it is evident that the teacher must take with him some inexpensive material with which to tide over the first day or two. He will recpiire a dozen slate pencils, a dozen lead pencils, two or three quires of common brown paper to be used as slates, and two or three sheets of large manilla paper to serve the purpose of a temporary blackboard. These large sheets can be covered beforehand with a series of examples in the simple rules, in simple fractions, &c., in large figures which may be seen by the children. As soon as ^■i^i i:U MANUAL OF SCIIOOf. ()R( lANI^^ATION. the school is o[)eii these sheets can l)e liiiiiL,^ up wliere they can be S(H31i, and all the ])U[)ils can he directed to begin with the sinij^lest cxani[)les and continue th(? work as far as th(»v can. There niav also be a line of letters or figures for the youn^^est to copy, so that the energies of all may be eni]tl(jyed. Then tlie pencils and brown ])aper can l)e distrii)uted to tliose who are not provided with the necessary materials, and so all can be quietly engaged in written work within a few minutes of the opening of the school. The importance of some careful i)rovision for such dithculties cannot be overestimated. As soon as the })upils are all em])loyed the teacher may go round (juietly and take the names of all the pupils, writing each name in the appropriate place on the plan of the room. Plan of Work. — The teacher should have a care- fully prepared ])lan of work for the tirst day which will give constant employment to all the pupils for that day, whatever the composition of the school may prove to be. It will never do for the teacher to stop on the first day and consider what is to be done next. The work for the day must be laid out in general terms and the plan adopted must l)e carefully followed. This plan may well include, among other items, more than the regular numljer of recesses and several drills in the school tactics which are to be used. The teachor will find a small hand-bell very helpful for c dli' g pupds to order. Miscellaneous. — The teacher shoa always ./e punctual in his attendance: but on the h st lays he should be at the school some time Ijefore the hour for opening to receive the pupils and, by his presence, to check mischief and disorder which might otherwise occur. The opening exercises should consist of one or two verses of a hymn, a few verses from the Bible, the THE I'lItST DAY OF SCHOOL. 1.). ;> Lord's Prayer, followi-d ])y a few words of welcome from tlie teacher. Tlie juipils sliould lie reciuirt^d to stand at prayers as they are more easily controlled in this ])()sition than when kneelinu;. The pupils shoulii then be arranj^ed in their seats according to the elassi- Hcation of the precedinijj teacher with the understanding- that the arran, cement is temporary. The work prepared should be j^dven to them and the necessary materials distributed to those who need it. The names of pupils should then be taken in the maimer already indicated and the classes called up in turn for reading, arith- metic, etc., according to the programme prepared. There is nothing that will impress the children more than the ability of tlie teacher to give the whole school suitable and constant employment throughout the first day. And the teacher who feels that he has a workable plan for the first day of school will enter npon his new field of labor with more confidence and enern:y and with better chances of success. ■oJ