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The rectangular plane surface bearing the inscription has been cut into the stone so as to leave at the two sides and across the top as it were a frame about 0.05 ni. in width and about 0.0015 m. in relief. Of the two lower corners the right lacks the frame just mentioned and the left has been badlj fractured. The inscription consists of nine lines of crude capitals which exhibit an uncial tendency and belong apparently ) the first or second century a. n. The work throughout is very poor. The inscription has been marred by long deep diagonal scr.'ifches. RAnOYC OIKO AOMHCe THN npocevxHN YneP AYTOY 5 KAI THC TYN AIKOC KAI T CON TEKNCON U *APMOYei Ilairoi)* oi>co|8o>uyo« Tyjv j irpoaivx<)r \ virip u'vrov \ Kal r^« (y)uv |- alKOS Kul t\w TfKVap^vft, \ ( ( =7). As we kno- nothing of the circumstances attending the discovery of ihis stone, and as the inscription contains no mention of the name of a god, it is impossible for us to deter- mine whether the shrine, or oratory, designated by the stone 412 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. was dedicated to the worship of an individual god ( t a group of gods; nor can we tell whether it was er . on private property or was one of a number of simila. shrines situated in a large sanctuary. It is probably, but not neces- sarily. non-Christian (see note on oiVoSo/xiycre). Hawow: An uncommon Egyptian name attested in Aeg. Urk. aus d. K. Mus. zii Berlin, gr. Urk.. I. 153, 5; II, 468, 6; IV. 1067. I. and perhaps identical with Ha^oik (Grenfell and Hunt, Amherst Pap.. Gr., II, ind.), and Haircovs (e. g.. Grenf.. Gr. Pap., ist ser.. 29. 4; Grenf. and H., 2d ser.. 25. 4- 35. 8). oUoS6firiiT€: So in Bull, de corr. hell., XXVI (1902). p. 448. No. 8; avoiKoS6ixr}a inc, 'Uavpia (sic) (I.efebvre. Reciieil des inscr. jjr. (i'\•.^., 363). KAtojraTp.'So* : r -o,,! } i,e inclined to identify this place with the Cleopatris • , ,6. 4, 2^ : ^ara KA«o^arp.'8„ ri,^ npi,^ Ti, naXata Sio.pxyc , ;„ N«'Ao,.. and 1 7. I. 2^,: n\,,aiov Si ri/s ■.\paiv6,,.. ,0; ,4; ,6; ..i ; ....; jy, 3,); „vice the ab- breviation KAcoTT IS counted as standin^r for this name (Grenfell and Hunt. Amherst I'ap.. Gr.. 11. ijiy.^j- \\ essely .Stud. z. Pal. und Papyrusk., Corp. Pap. Hermopol.. pt. j. 127 I- I) ; the ethnic K\iowaTptv<: is once recorded. The xpi,i^r, KXto7TaTp(t)lov mentioned in the Cat. of Pap. in Brit. Mus III, 182. is hesitatingly located by the editor in Hermopolis. Ei\{'i;,x(t\; A spelling commonly found on Fgvptian fune- rary steke. as Milne, op. cit., ^j22(^; 9250; 27552- 2756s • 27630; Lofebvre. op. cit.. 36. For l ^ « see Mavser. op.\i't.! pp. 87-88; Fox, op. cit., p. 439. IV. Stele of brown sandstor-. probably superimposed upon a Imtel and perhaps dedicatory in character. From Deir el- Hahari in the Thebaid. A regular rectangle 0.295 m. in height 414 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. 0.39*' m. in breadth, .ind o.o7~-o.i3 ni. in thickness. All four corners have suffered from abrasions. The stone is orna mented with an incised line which passes about the rectangle three or four cm. from the edge and thus forms a sort of frame. The upper third of the space within the frame is a plane surface bearing a Greek inscription of two lines. The lower two-thirds is a sunken rectangular panel adi rned with sacred Christian symbols in relief. In the centre is a variant of the Christus-symbol + in which the Greek cross, two or three cm. in width, is presented in simple outline; the symbol is entirely surrounded by a wreath of palm leaves. The upper part of the space at the left of the wreath is occu- pied by an A, and the lower part by an " ankh " cross or crux aiisata ( ° ) ; the corresponding positions at the right are occupied by an (0 and another crux ansnta whose circle was left unfinished by the stone-cutter. The workmanship of the sttine, while much superior to that of our other inscriptions except No. I, is only fair. The letters of the text are about three cm. in height and are mixed square and uncial. All but three or four j. ent no difificulties in reading. EIC eEOC BOH . ON TO) AONACTHPiCO AAHN Elf Ota's 6 /iio?j[#]oi' I T-io(i) ft.ova(TTyipi(i>(i). 'Afiijv. El's ^orjOdv. For the sl. le phrase, its significance and spelling, see n. on \T. On the wall of the third terrace at Deir el-Bahari a graffito of allied nature has been discovered : Et« tfcos 6 (ioijOiov v/is ror uy|i']or Sc^yliov] I K( Bayou, ivKuiytaov toi' fnovrjar^vpiov). This inscrip- tion has since been edited in I'ubl. Trinceton Archaeol. Kxpcd. Syria. Gr. and Lat. ISS, A. where it appears as No. 722. 'A/iv*-: Exceedingly common in Crum. Cat. gen. des ant. eg. du Mus. du Caire. Coptic Monuments, and in Lefebvre, op. cit. The symbols of the lower panel are of prime value in de- termining t!ie age of this inscription, i.efebvre states (op. cit, p. xxxii) that inscriptions bearing A and n may possibly belong to the fourth century, but probably belong to a later one. There is nothing certain in regard to the age of the Jgn -f except that it is younger than * (and % ), which are apparently to be assigned to the fourth century (j). xxxiv). The indications are, therefore, that an inscription marked by this si^^n originated during the fifth or a subsequent century. The crux ansata is a very ancient pre-Christian symbol found commonly in Egypt and other oriental lands. It was early appropriated by the Christians along with its pagan meaning of " life ". None of the many attempts to explain the s . mbol- ism of the constituent parts can be regarded as conclusive (Seymour, The Cross in Tradition, History and Art. pp. 3-5; 7; 16-17; 21; 188; Zoeckler. The Cross of Christ, pp. 2 flf. [ •56; 379 ff-; cf. Flinders Petrie, PZg. Decor. Art, p. 117). The name Deir el-P>ahari means "The Northern Monas- tery ", althoigh at present no mona ery exists on the site. But as " deir " may be applied also .0 a place where such a building once stood (Somers Clarke, Christian Ant. in the Nile Valley, p. 192), it is quite properly used in this instance, for in the early part of the Christian era a monastery was erected here on the ruins of the old dynastic temple of Hat- shepsut (see Naville, Hall. Currelly, The Xlth Dynasty Temple at Deir el-Bahari, pt. iii, p. 20). Hall (ib.. p. 13) without qualification identifies this as the Coptic monastery of St. Phoebammon. Amelineau (La Geographic de I'Egypte a I'epoque copte. p. 128), on the other hand, merely conjectures this identification. The documentary evidence at his disposal seems to justify his conclusion (cf. Crum. op. cit.. 8728-8741). H it is correct, this old monastery sheltered a large community of monks, for we are told that it had a superior and at least one steward, and perhaps two. It enjoyed marked distinc- 41^1 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. tion in the surrounding region through the fame of it> p.tron I'hoebammon. bishop of Aousini (Amelineau, op. cit.. p. 129). How late the building stood i- not recorded. At all events, no document dating later than the eighth century has been recovered from tlie heaps of rubbish thrown out by the monks (Naville. Hall. Currelly, op. cit., p. 2\). Clarke (op. cit., p. i()0) notes that some remains of the monastery " en- crusted " the temple of Hatshepsut during the incumbency of a recent director-general of antiquities, and holds this official responsible for their destruction and for failure to secure beforehand plans and records of them. There is no evidence ofTered by the chief authorities (I'utler, The Ancient Coptic Churches of Egypt; Clarke, op. cit..) on Coptic ecclesiastical procedure that it was the custom to lay a stone of dedication in erectin^:: a church or monastery. Hut in the consecration of an altar three dedicatory stones were Used, each bearing the name of one of the three patron saints of the building (Clarke, op. cit., p. 192 ). The stone now being edited is therefore not an altar stone, and we are probably safe in inferring from the silence of the authorities that it is not a stone of dedit ilion of the building as a whole. The fact (see No. \T. n.) that in Syria the phrase tU 6(6i (as well as its amplifications) appears most frequc:uiy over lintels suggest.s that this stone occupied some sucn position in the monastery of Deir el-Bahari. A funerary stele (I.efebvre. op. cit.. 364; from Thebes, in the environs of which our inscription origi- nated, is constructed in the form of the portal of a church and is inscribed with the sacred phrase. The association of the words with an entrance was therefore known in this local- ity. It is not improbable that a lintel thus inscribed had sotne secondary connection with the dedication of a building. The dimensions of the Toronto stone are such as to induce one to infer that it was incorporated into the original walls of the monastery and was not an appli(|uc of later date. No conclusive evidence is available for identifying and dating St. Phoebamnion. He may be the man of that name mentioned in the 143rd epistle of Synesius. The life of the latter extended from about 370 to 415 .\. n. (Schneider. De \'ita Syn. Philosophi et Episcopi. diss.. Leipzig. 1876. pp. 9. 41 fF. ). The epistle to w' ' 1 we have alluded was written (;ri-.i:k ixscript/oxs i\ o.v/./avo mis/jm. 4'7 •luritiK llie last few years of liis life and at lliat time I'liocli- ammon ' was still lixiiij;. Tlii> and his head is turned so O'^ {^ face the observer. He is iia<' in chiton and himation. below whi -h appeal liis ii"sandale(.' feet, in his extended right hand he is holding vathus before a jackal. The a«'imal ie /ing on a bracket or corbel projecting from the background and faces the front. The whole work is in moderately high relief. The nose of the man and that of the jackal have been badly mutilated. The cya- thus. originally represented in relief on the bracket, has almost entirely vanished. The workmanship throughout is very crude. On the horizontal panel between the legs of the couch are -ketciied in roughly incised outline four domestic utensils of the Roman period. Enumerating from right to left these are : a bowl with a high foot, an amphora with a pointed l)as' supported on a tripod, a three-legged pot with a sparingly ornamented I)ody, and, lastly, another bowl. Illustrations and descriptions of very similar monuments may be seen in Milne, op. cit., 9258 (pi. viii) ; 9251 and 925^) (pi. ix). The chief variable in this type of sculpture is the figure of the jackal. As a rule it rests on a bracket attached to one of the pillars. Often two jackals appear one on each -idc of the portico. This animal had an important religious 'An undated Coptic tombstone (No. 10. 176. 401 in the Metr. Mils. ii. .\'t\v York, bears the name •i>oi(tdii(fi)uv. 4i8 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. significance for tlie Egyptian, who believed that a soul on leaving the dead body had to pass through the great wilder- ness before it could reach the oasis-kingdom of Osiris. " The jackal's omniscience as to where any dead body is hidden, his wail in the night as if for lost souls, his certainty of direction out in the limitless, trackless, demonic desert, and the fact that though his home is the desert, yet he is never far from an oasis, made this animal the best possible symbol of a guide for the dead." (The Sacred Ibis Cemetery and Jackal Cata- combs at Abydo,, The Nat. Geog. Magazine, XXIV (1913). 9, pp. 1 048- 1 050.) On the horizontal panel below the portico is an inscription of four lines. Only the first two are at all difficult to read and they were apparently inscribed after the last two which identify the remains marked by the stone. At all events they were cut by another and less skilful hand. In view of this and of the uncertainty conveyed by the is (irmv) as to the exact age of the defunct, we may conclude: either that his exact age was unknown, or that, in the daily expectation of his death, friends prepared and inscribed the stone with all particulars but the date of decease Below the two lines of the first hand are scored deep guide-lines. The epigraphical indications point to the first or second century as the period to which this monument belongs. The letters approximate the uncial of the manuscrijUs more nearly than those of No. III. e . . C K X I A K ^« TTTOAAICON eVANT . AOY IM . . I TTCOAHC eVCeBHC COC LL TTB 'E[t]o[i)]« k' I . XotoK Kt. I IlToAAtwi' Eiai7 ( <] Aou (>|aT],o I 7r|ar]i9jr(,'.A>;«: So in a mummy-label in Cairo (Milne, op. cit., 931 1 ). Whether o or w is to be read before tt is not clear on the stone. tiatPrff. Cf. Aoi'Tr<7r>iai»/ awpot 4>i.\dhiKos i{'aifiT)(om the under sides of the semi- circle hang two fully-opened vine leaves on long sinuous stems. Below the bar is a Greek-Coptic inscription of three lines, the letters of which show marked uncial characteristics. Below this again are illegible traces of another inscription of equal length. Inasmuch as the text now legible is complete in itself it seems probable that the stone was originally erected to mark the grave of some other personage than the Petros 420 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. noted here, and that this man or his friends appropriated the stone, erased the original legend, and inscrihed the present one. e I c e . H G N + TT e T P V C B p H N e A e T V A A B €TOVAAB. HNe M I TTeTPOV Et« /3ot]6ov: Cf. No. IV. Et« Oiot either alone or with fiovoi or o fioTjOmv is very common in the Egyptian compi- lations of Crum and of Lefebvre. Prentice (op. cit.) records it often in Syrian inscriptions and explains (pp. 51 ff.) that although it is of Jewish origin it is Christian in its sphere of usage. It seems to be a transcript of a portion of Deut. VI. 4, and in accordance with the prescription of v. 9 of the same chapter is generally found inscribed over entrance doors. In Syria the formula is observed tliroughoui a period ranging from 326 to 537 A. D. fiorfBov; For this spelling see Crum (op. cit.) and Lefebvre (op. cit.) passim, o for w in vulgar inscriptions from Egypt is one of the commonest faults of orthography which go to make up "cet amas de bizarreries qui s'expliquent plus par le caprice et I'ignorance individuelle. que par les lois naturelles d'une langue en voie de transformation" (Lefebvre. op. cit p. xxxviii). Cf. Mayser. op. cit., p. 98. -I-P = Xp(t'ork. GRr.r.K IXSl KII'T/0\S l\ O.Vr./A7() MlShlW. 4-! I HNG : Professor R. D. Wilson of tlie Princeton Theological Seminary writes me that this word (HNH, in the Metropoli- tan inscription just referred to) is a corruption of GINC ( = Abbild, Gestalt, in Steindorff, Kopt. ("irani., p. (tH*. s. v.), which is probably identical with INI of Deut. IV, 32 ( =Hebr. 'P? and LXX. yAnrToi-) and connected with the Egyptian fj\ — 'in. The word occurs nowhere in Crum. op. cit. Ordinarily the Coptic uses one or other of the Greek loan- words CTHAH and MNHMGION, if the word for monument is required at all. MTieTPOV : M = N. the particle uniting the nonieii rectum and the nomen regens (Steindorff. oj). cit., pp. 21. 70). The genitive idea involved here accounts for the employment of the Greek genitive ending of TTGTPOV. This name is noted also in Crum, op. cit., 8670. eTOVAAB: =eT-|-OVAAB,i.e.. the relative particle (Stein- dorff, op. cit., p. 203) plus the participle of the infinitive OVOTT, "rein, heilig werden " (pp. 93; 83*). The expression is counted only three times ii. Crum's Coptic Mon. ; Eli 6161 o /3o> -V CO*IA TMONOXH TTTAPGeNOC CTOVAAB 'AMHN (^8651); also 8492; 8578; and once in an unpublished inscription (No. lo. 176. ^7) in the Metropolitan Museum, New York. The entire Coptic phrase signifies : The stele of Peter who is pure (i. e., probably, celibate). "The cross fleury is the earliest variation of the cross. It appears on coins of the Emperor Justinian" (Seymour, op. cit., p. 367). The full-blown petals at the ends of the bar and of the pale symbolize the mature Christian life. The budding and the unfolded leaves tell much the same story, but empha- size the progress towards this maturity rather than the attain- ment itself. This inscription bearing as it does this type of cross cannot well be older than the middle of the sixth century. VII. Iron knife from the Fayum. Blade and handle-band of one piece 0.275 "!• long; blade alone c. 0.067 ^- wide. The meal is badly rusted. Cylindrical handle of wood 0.121 m. long ; c. 0.056 m. in diameter. Around the handle are scored a number of parallel rings. The name -I- ATG is incised on the 422 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. left side of the blade. No similarly inscribed knife is listed by Milne (op. cit.. pp. 105 f¥.) among the many Egyptian domestic objects preserved in the Museum of Cairo. ♦aT«: A Greek-Coptic name found in a few late documents ; e. g., Cat. of Gr. Pap. in the Brit. Mus., IV ( = Aphrodito Pap.), 1460, loi; 1553, verso 25; Crum. op. cit., 8212; 8268; 8270; 8276. A common variant is *dTe, as Aphrod. Pap.. X419, 197, 1274; 1457, 1 1- ♦oT and *or appear as abbreviations (ib., 1491 d; 1460, 176). IfoTi (Reich. Dem. umi gr. Texte auf Mumien- tafelchen in d. Samml. d. Pap. Erzherzog P iner, Gr. 4). and ♦arv* (Lefebvre, op. cit, 266) seem to be a Demotic and a Hellenized variant respectively. VIII. Votive inscription of the type of rpoaKvvrjua, or suppli- cation, on a layer of a crystal of gypsum. From Egypt, exact provenience unknown. Originally a rectangle, but now an irregular quadrilateral figure owing to the loss of a portion of the top and of one side. Perpendicular height, 0.061 m.; width, 0.59 m. ; thickness, 0.003 m. Inasmuch as the crystal is snow-white and as the letters are lightly incised, the result- ing lack of contrast makes the inscription unusually hard to read. The two surfaces are written upon, but each by a different hand and in the free cursive style of the first cen- tury A. D. A Only one line, or, at the most, two lines, have been lost at the top, and only several letters at the right. [to TrpoaKvVTfiia^ [imip avTov Kal] I. [ttjs yiiv]atK[o« Kal TUV ^(A|<>[|' Hov Kal 'Apvio ; Tov. yiypa[a 5' I Tavra ■ — i N{'piUI'|o« TOV Kvpiov Mt\x(lp or MiiTop' ^ fi[-i)v6^ . . . For the best examples of this type of inscription beginning with the words v6 irpoa»ti5i^^. see CIG, III, 4985 ff., passim. GREEK l\SCR'PTIO\S IS' OXT.UilO MUSEUM. 4^.^ Cf. Bull, de corn hell., XXVI (1902), pp. 442-3. Nos. 2. y To know tiic name of the deity in who.se shrine this crystal and No. IX were picked up would materially assist in the restoration of the text. [at'Tov] : = ifiavrov, as often in this department 'kpvwTov: ='ApvmTov. Spiegelberg, Aeg. uud ^r. Kigenn. aus Mumienetiketten. p. 6*. states that the name means " Horus ist gesund"; cf. Fox. op. cit., p. 446. The rough breathing was written here as \ yiypaa: So in CIG. 333. 4742; often iypatpa, inoijaa, nt- L : = eTois. Trans.: Supplication in behalf of myself and of my wife and of my friends and of Haryotes. I have written this in tlic tenth year of our Lord Nero, in the month Mecheir (or Mesore) ( — Jan.-Feb. or July-.\ug., 64 .\. a). B One or two lines are missing at the beginning and a few syllables at the left side. The right is practically intact. [to ■/rpoiTKVl'rjfia^ I. |o[ KOt| Tov vlov a[v T0]ii Koi TWl' ai'JTOv iralTdi 1 5. r. L i|^ Ntpwfos- TOv] Kl'pioV, 5: The stroke above the figure (i is plainly continued un- broken from the lelt. This naturally prompts one to supply another figure. As A was inscribed in the tenth year of Nero, the interval between the two compositions on the one object would be too long were any other figure than t supplied. Trans. : Supplication of (or, in behalf of) and of his son and of all his household. Year twelve of our Lord Nero. I'achon 14 ( = May <), (i(i \. ' . ). 4M AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY. IX. Similar to No. VIII. A parallelogra, ,; perpendicular height, 0.057 ux. ■ width, 0.045 m. ; thickness, c. 0.002 m. The writing IS of the same type and period as that on No. VIII but IS rnuch fainter and more poorly executed. Not more than a dozen letters can be deciphered with certainty. Any restoration, therefore, must be regarded as tentative. The in- fhotrnTM^'vr!? \'°"^''" '"^ "'o^- '^oniplex formula than :;r cia Tj't ''' ^^^"^^^"'" ''''-'-' '^-^ ^^ I TO irpoaKvvtjua praenoniinis | I- ]A(oi' \oviro[ |jrfa]pa T,y(i) Kvpi[a(i) Inomini deae vwip rirs yv]v\aiK]o<, ««; "> ftlJyoT/BOS Kal T^\v 5. <^tA<0»' TToVJtu)!' flOV \Ka.l ^]r)ixrfTpi[ov . L . . I NcV>b>]i .\uos, Canada. W. ."^iiKkWdon l'"()\.