IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 /. 4is _^o ■y ^^ 4t.r y 1.0 I.I 11.25 ! IS. U 116 PhotogiBpliic Sciences Cbrporation 7J WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14360 (7;6) i73-4S03 .^ .^ iV \\ '^\NV <«>. -^ - V Q 4^ A o /i^. 7i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Tschnical jnd Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta ha* attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad baiow. D Colourad covars/ Couvartura d« coulaur I I Covars damagad/ Couvartura andommagAa Ccvars rastorad and/or laminatad/ Couvcrtura rastauria at/ou oalliculAa Covar titia missing/ La titre da couvartura manqua Colourad maps/ Cartas giographiquaa an coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than biua or black)/ Encra da coulaur {i.a. autra qua bitua ou noira) Colourad platas and/or illustrations/ Planchas at/ou itiustrations an coulaur Bouffd with othar matarial/ Rail* avac d'autras documants D n n Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion along intarior margin/ La re liura sarria paut causar da I'ombra ou da la dlst9raion la long da la marga tnt^riaura Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thasa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainaa pagas blanchas ajout««s lors d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dans la taxta, mais, iorsqua cala itait possibia, cas pagas n'ont pas M filmAas. Additional commantr:/ Commantairas supplAmantairas: L'Institut a microfilm^ la maillaur examplaire qu'il lui a iti possibia da sa procurar. Las details da cat axamplair« qu: sont paut-dtra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvent modifier una imaga raproduita, ou qui pauvent axiger una modification dans la mAthoda normale de filmaga sont indiqute ci-dassous. D D D D G D D n Colourad pagas/ Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damaged/ Pagafs andommag^a Pages restornd and/or laminated/ Pagas reatr.utias at/ou pailiculAas Pagas discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pagas dicoior^es, tachet^es ou piquies Pages detached/ Pages ditachdes Showthrough/ Transparanca Quality of print varies/ Qualiti inigaia da I'impression includes supplementary material/ Comprand du matiriai suppl^mentaira Only adition avaiiabia/ Sauia idition disponibia Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ansure the best possible image/ Laa pages totaiamant ou partiaiiement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, una palure. etc., ont it* fiimies A nouveau de fa^on i obtanir la meillaura imaga possibia. This itam is filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est fllnti au taux de reduction Indiqui ci-dessoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X ' ' ' ' 30X 12X KX 2DX 24X 28X 32X The copy filmsd here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Seminary of Quebec Library The Images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or Illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol '•^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, ets., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'sxemplaire film* fut reproduit grflce A la g6n6roBM de: Siminaire de Quebec Bibliothdque Les images suivantee ont «t« reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet« de I'exe Tiplaire f llm«, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les cxempiaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont filmte en commenpant par le premier plat ft en terminant soit par la derni4re page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: Ir symbols — ^ signifle "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifle "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableeux, etc., peuvent *tre fiim«s k des taux de rMuction diff«rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich«, il est film* it partir de I'angle supArieur geuche. de gauche A droite. et de haut en bes, en prenant le nombre d'Images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suiwants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 OHF II '^ %• ^ n» Oiii' II THE -> L OTHERS OF THE CHRISTIaJ ILLUSTRATED SERI THE SECOND READER CAREFULLY ARnANCED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. MONTREAL : BROTHER. OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS, O'"* ^OTTE STHEET— 50 J. ChajplEa^ * Son, Printers and Bookbinders. .* PREFACE. mHE arrangement of the matters of the Second Readkr J- has been carefully adapted to the capacity of the pupils who have already mastered the " First." It will be observed that there is a nice gradation in the lessons, and that they are of an interesting and instructive character. Those especially on " Sacred History," though necessarily short, present a connected view of the leading events recorded in the Bible, from the Creation of the World down to the coming of our Divine Redeemer. There are no nonsensical lessons, no trifling tales, and each subject, even in the third part, is kept, as much as possible, within the comprehension of pupils for whom it is designed— a task of no small difficulty. Numerous and flne pictures illustrate particular lessons, and will make them, no doubt, much more attractive. The most difficult words in each lesson are placed at the head of it, divided into syllables, and accentuated. To enable the pupil to retain the contents of tho les- sons in his memory, questions have been introduced after each. It is left to the discretion of the teacher to determine how he will make use of such Questions ; but we venture to advise him not to spare them. A portion of the time usually devoted to Reading may bo usefully employed every day in this kind oi object lessons. In a \/ord, in this book, we think the Reading Lessons are a little more numerous, the subjects more choice, the order more pleasing, and the gradaiion, from the more easy to the more difficult, :ar better preserved, than in the former editions of our " Second Book." If such be truly the care, the aim of the compiler shall bo attained. CONTENTS. Pronunciation, Ac Accentuation, dc. PART "^IKST. Heading Lessons. I.— The New Book H.—How James learned to Read III.— What Pictures Teach IV.— Never tell a Lie v.— We must not be Idle VI.— The Fox VIL— A Story about a Slave VJII.— The Old Slate ..... IX.-Business first, and then Pleasu X. — Money .... XI.-Lazy Slokins, the School-Boy XII.— God is Near . XIII.— The Fish . XIV.-The Works of God ' " " * XV. —The Thoughtless Bov XVL -Birds XVII, -Alone in the Dark XVIII. -Honesty Rewarded XIX. -The Earth, Sun, and Moon XX. --The Miller and His Son XXI.— Scliool at Home . XXII.—The Strange Little Boy XXIII. -Acting a Lie XXIV. -The Old Man and His*Grand XXV.-The Tempter ..... XX VI. -What the Boys would b XXVII.— The poor Child's Hymn PART SECOND. I. — On Reading g5 11. — The Garden G9 III.— The Seasons ......... 72 IV. — The Farmer in Spring 75 V. — Exercise on Words 77 VI. — Industry a Treasure 80 VII. — The Farmer in Summer 81 VIII.— Roads and Rivers 83 IX.— The PoUeries . * . ' 85 X.— The Farmer in Autumn 87 XI.— The Hare and the Tortoise 90 XII. — Learn Your Lesson 91 XIII. — The Farmer in Winter 93 XIV.— Sha'n't and Won't 96 XV.— Making Maple Sugar ....... 97 XVI.— Air, Wind, and Dew 99 XVII.— Silk 102 XVIII.-r-Grammar IO4 XIX.— Flax , . 107 XX. — Object Lesson on Gold 109 XXI. — Cotton w') XXII.— Coal . . . , . . . ...*.*.•*. 114 XXIIL— Jhe Blackboard and Chalk , jiG XXIV.— Tea . . . . , ,,8 XXV. — Sugar , . . 120 XXVI.— Coffee 122 XXVII.— Facts for Little Folks . . . .".'.' 125 XXVIII.— The Book of Nature . . . .'.*.'. 12G PART THIRD. I. — The Creation . . . .' 127 II.— Sacred History.— From the Creation of the World to the General Deluge . . 128 VI CONTENTS. 'v.— rhe Hail Mary • • ■ . 132 y.-Saorei History (^ontinLed, '.■.•.•.• ,'3'= X.-8aored History (continued,'. ■.■ ' ' If. \ XIX.— Love of God ^^'^ Xv^-™:J"^« Senses (Elliptical . " "! XXII.-Mother. what is Death? .'. Z " ' "' XXvT "■^"'""'"^ ^J'™"' E^'^ninR Hymn ' ' " III XXVn.-ch,M.„„™i^Hyn.nto'i.s-0„a;di;„- ''' XXVHI._Love of Parents '89 XXIX.— Autumn ... " ' '90 XXX.—Spring, Summer ' ' ' 193 XXXn~^!!''f''"'P""=«<'fOurLo;d lit AXXII.— The World flf rh^jof ' * 195 XXXni.-TrustinGodan,ttheT".'- ' ' ' '«« XXXIV.,-.TheChild's "Pater. ^^' ' ' ' ^00 XXXV..-.Thy Will be Done ^"^ T-i«r«jrs»" - .. ELEMENTS OF GOOD READING. I.— PRONUNCIATION. Correct pronunciation consists in giving to each oral element its proper sound, and the placing of the accent. Errors in pronunciation which are not the result of care- lessness, arise from defects in the organs of speech, or from a defective ear. Errors are made by the omission, addition or substitution of an oral element. 1. — OMISSION OF AN ORAL ELEMENT. an hist'ry ev'ry mem'ry helum heat drownded milik for and " history ** every " memory writin trav'ler Feh'uary beas for writing " traveler " February " beasts 2. — ADDITION OF AN ORAL ELEMENT. for helm " eat " drowned " milk loudher soften neow attackted for louder " sofn " now " attacked 3. — SUBSTITUTION OP AN ORAL ELEMENT. chimley said honust gether wen wat wich warn for chimney winder " said (sed) baskit " honest seperate " gather soorce 4.-— MISCELLANEOUS. for when " what " which " warm idear cawd watah ketch for window " basket " separate " source for idea " cord " water " catch If '.-THE BLENDING OF SYLLABLES BELONGLNC TO DIFF instead of The pure ein art Two small legs There ris sa calm Some mice screara WORDS. II.— ACCENTUATION The pure in heart Two small eggs There is a calm Some ice cream n.c?„"i°^:rS'„S:''aUVyr "'"'^ '"- "^ -"-'" III.-PAUSES AND MABKS. reidS'g"""''""^''^ *^™""' ""'' «" """-'^st stop in Ihia tire^^ommT^"" ''"'"°"'" "'"^"^ " ^'^P « '""« '"nger ihi seticoi;!'" ''°'°" """"' " ^'"P " '""« '""K^^ than will come to-day ?'» «»'^«"» as, uo you think he I Note of Exclamation.— The Noto of T?vnioma*-«« i " -Dash "^t""rf ^k"^,' •■ O "y^^fr child r'.""""'"" ''^■ InZhisnZ:'^'' ""-"^ ™^'"" 1 '"ink I will no" Sd^ Patrick "I lUink he will not come." (• - ."a'St-w'huTfhir k' S;^ "^ '^ "« -" '^"""« »■• 'ei:- reiiinl* rl!""''' "''^^l' *"""' ""> =«"se of what we are DIFF. WORDS. one or more s ('); a3, in THE SECOND READER. PAKT FIRST. Lesson I. THE NEW BOOK. Al'-ways, ad. perpetually. At-ten'-tion, n. act of at tending ; heed. Care'- LESS, a. having no care ; heedless. Gon-ver-sa'-tion, n. discourse. Ex-press', v. to make known- Fu'-TURE, a. time to come. Mean'-ing, n. purpose ; signification. |{ ; : SECOND READER. srhnn) h. , , /, ^"'. one fine mornine it school, he looked happier than ever before Yet hl'j!!^!''''''^'''"''^*^'''^ '^'■» ' "«^vbooh. don; P, M.^"'? ''"" '^ ^'"""i r^^'^'er. " Well aone, Paul," said his teache-- "vm- .,= l '■iKoodhnv v«., 1 """'"''-I 30U iiave been I gooa hoy. fou have not been idle or careless. no have lot m-^'W''" '"^' ^""^ -«"''l 'hat you ha -e a new h*^ '" '"''"■ ^"'' "°^^- to be'soon :; e to rTad Si 7.^"?' "'' ""''' are in it. " "^° lessons that fc<^ able to read o.T the words at sight You nl ? express or bring out the full sense of tlH™ f aerstaJa.heLrnSfJi^-rrd"''^ -a:i;:;:r;-f'«a''outthe.an. 6 " You must not reaa too fast. To read too !rurtr;v?;^rt.''"''"''^^^^"'--''°"'''^"-M 7. '-But you must not read too slowly, nor in a dull, lifeless manner. 8. "Try to read as you hear well-instructed people speak in conversation." 9. Paul paid close attention to ail that his teacher said. He learned his lessons that day better than ever before. Full of joy, he brought home his book to his mother, who was a widow. She was poor, and had to work hard to support her children, but she felt happier that evening than any of her richer neighbors. 10. She was happy at seeing little Paul so glad. She was happy because he was now a good boy, and by his actions, as well as his words, gave good promise for the future. Ail her earthly hope and love were centered in him and his brother John. 11. John was two years younger than Paul, and was too small to be sent to school. How happy it maCe their good mother to see little Paul teach John to spell the «asy words in the First Reader ! 12. Little Paul was always sure to spare some time from play, or from the study of his own lessons, in order to teach John. 13. Little boys ought to imitate Paul. They should be always good and useful when they can. i'l SECOND BEADEB. Questions.-I. What is the title of this lesson ?-2 ZuT^rlf'"' "'""' ^"">^«-?-3. What was the Cher to it^u hWness?-4. Repeat the words of the tea- 5 To J n • f °™"""'"' '" ""^ "'"•'' Paragraph.- Wh,,r ,1 "l"' "'"" '' '"' ""' """« '= '"' dO'ief-e vou trl' M r," '°" "''"'^ '" ^^"'"8 ■-7- How should you try to read?_8. Did Paul pay attention to the in- took?- 0. mat made Paul's mother so happy ?_11 Had^Paul any brothers 7-12. How did he act wi^tlfregard Lesson II. HOW JAMES LEARNED TO READ. A-muse', v. to entertain. Clos'-et, n. a small apartmpnt. ij ven-ing, n. the close of iUc day. Kx-cept , prep, exclusively of. i^EAi\N, V. to acquire knowledge. f^ic -TURE, n. a painting ; a likeness. 1 LEAS -ANT, a. delightful ; agreeable. Stee'-ple, n. spire of a church. feiJP-POSE', V. to admit without proof; to believf* TuM'-BLE, r. to fall ; to roll aboSt. to re^?^"^ ^'°" ^'^^ ^"^ ^"""'"^ ^""'"^ '^''"''' ^^^'"^^^^ 2 It is very hard work to learn to read, and It takes a great while to do it. I will tell you now Jamos did it. ^ SECOND READER. 3. One evening James was sitting on the floor, by the side of the fire, playing with his blocks. He was trying to build a church. 4. He could make the church very well, all except the steeple ; but the steeple would tumble down. 5. Presently, his father said : ^^ James, you may put your blocks into the basket, and put the basket in its place in the cioset, and then come to me." (>. Tb.nn Jamos'i« falhor Look liirii un into his lap, and took a book out of his pocket. His fa- If W i ' 6 SECOND READER. ther said, "I suppose you thought there were p.ctures m this book." " Yes, sir," said Jales 7. There are none," said his father. "I have not got this book to amuse you. I am go ng to have you learn to read it ; and learning to read is not easy work." 8. James was very glad when he heard this He wanted to learn to read, so that he cou d read story books himself alone ; and he though thaUeammg to read was a very pleasant^efsy 9. His father knew that he thought so anrt ther,.ore he said : " 1 suppose you afe gla| that you are going to learn to read ; but it is harder work,_ and it will take longed time than 1" 10. " You will get tired very often before you have learned, and you will want to stop Bin CusTltot"? ^'"P-'-'-What," said Jame must I not stoponce,-at all,_all the time til I have learned to read ? " ' 11. "Oh, no," said his father; "I do not mean that you must be learning to read all Te ^.me ; you will only read a little whUe every 12. "What I mean !s, that you must read every day, when the time comes, although you will thmk that you are tired of reading so much and would rather play. ' 13. " But no matter if you are tired of it. It is your duty to learn to read, and you must do it, even if it is hard. "— " I do not think I shall be tired, " said James. 14. " Very well ; you can see. But, if you should he tired, you must not say so, and ask not to read." Questions.— 1 What is the subject of this lesson ?— 2 What is said about learning to read ?— 3. What is said of James in the first place ?— 5. Repeat the father's words to James.— 7. Were there any pictures in the book?— 8. What did the father say to James about learning to read ? — 13. What was James' reply? Lesson III. WHAT PICTURES TEACH. Beau'-ti-ful, a. fair ; having beauty. Gheer-ful, a. animated ; gay. Cheer'-less, a. dreary ; gloomy ; sad Chill' y, a. somewhat cold. Curl' iNG, a. turned in ringlets. Driv'-en, v. drifted. Ex posed', v. laid open, or bare ; unprotected. i^AN -CY, V. imagine ; believe. Frank', a. open ; candid ; undisguised. Health'-y, 0. enjoying health. Kind'-ness, n. good-will ; affection. I . Is not this a beautiful picture ? What a fine, '" ' ''^^^^j? ^^^^^ iiuDic iuuc tiiic xiiiu nasi SECOND READER His hair is soft and curly. How round and full his arms are ! They are almost as while as driven snow. 2 Surely, this boy is the very picture of health and childish beauty. His frank and ho,° est face tells us that he is happy. How much we can read ni that face ! He must have kind parents, who love him dearly. SECOND READER. 9 .1 And the young man-tho stranoer, who so kindly takes the hand of this child-has lie not a hne face too ? He speaks gently to the child ^OLi can see that in his very face"! We can al- most fancy that we hear him speak words of kindness. He has not an angry look. His face shows that he is a good yonng man. •i And what season of the year do von snp- pose It is ? Is it summer or is it winter ? How can you tell ? Do you think the whiti in the picture IS snow? Does H look cold and cheer- less there ? 5. If it were snow, would the hoy he bare- foot ? Would his arms he hare ? Would he be without a hat or a cap on his head ? Would there ho grass, and leaves, and flowers around him if It were winter? Would he look so cheerful ana happy, if he were standing barefoot in the snow ? G. Have you ever heard the cold called pinch- I'KJ cold ? Why do we say it is pinching cold ? Because severe cold seems to pinch up the face and the hands, and all the parts that are exposed to the chilly air. Does this boy look as thouoh he were pinched with cold ? Does not his open cheerful, sunny face show that it is suminer- lime ? 7. How plainly good pictures speak to us ! How much thev shot'M *"" ' • tT, ii-w- -.v ii. mucii mcy may teacli SECOND READER. US, li we Study them well ! They tell a whole story at once ; and they tell it in such a manner tliaMt always interests us. They tell the story so that we can see it, as well as read it; and what we see, we do not easily forget. 8. Children, study the pictures in this book, and they will teach you many a useful lesson. Ask yourselves as many questions about them as you can, and see how many of thorn vou can answer. Questions.-l. M^iom doos this picture roprosem y Mme all the words in the first paragraph used to qualify the boy s face, hair, and arms.-2. By looking at the boy's ace what can you say of him ?~.3. Who takes care of he boy? How does ho appear ?-5. What season doos the picture represent ?-6. What shows that it is sum- mer (^ , Wnat have you to say of good pictures ?~8 What advice is given to children in this lesson ? Lesson IV. NEVER TELL A LIE. Hide, v. to conceal. Ho'-LY, a. perfectly pure ; divine ; pious. Lie, n. criminal falsehood. Lose, r. to suffer loss ; to waste bcniPT'-LREs, n. written word of God loRx, V. rent. Upset', v. to overturn ; to overthrow. vv icK -ED. CL vicious ; unjust; sinful. I i I a wholo a manner the story d it; and his book, ill lesson, out them 1 you can fproseiit ? to qualify t tho buy's ^cs care of 3ason docs it is sum- tures '! — 8. mmimmm SECOND READER. 11 i r' ■ ^jfOI[lulu^^ 1. No, do not tell a lie. Tell the truth at all times, and be kind and good to all, and tlion all will love you, and you will be happy. 2. Do you know that it is sinful to tell lies ? Yes, you have often been told so. The Holy Scripture also says so ; and the Scripture tells the truth. It is very mean, as well as very sin- ful, to tell lies. 3. If yoii tell lies, God will be angry with you ; all good men will despise you ; and all good boys will shun you. Then' what would you gain by telling lies ? You would not gain anything, but you would lose much. i I lj I ii 'H ( ! A child that lies, no one will trust, He should speak the thing that's true ; And he that does one wrong at first, And lies to hide it, makes it two. 4. If you tell lies, you will also feel badly yourself. You will know that you have done \vrong; and when you are wicked you cannot help feeling badly A bad boy cannot be happy. 5. Then bo a good and honest child, so that all can love you. If you have been careless, and have broken a window, or torn a nice book, or lost the door-key, or upset the ink on the table, go to your father, or mother, or teacher, and confess it. 6. Yes, that is the best way ; that is the right way ; that is the honest way. Would you not like to be happy ? Then be an honest child, and never, nevc?^ tell a lie. Do you wish to be a child of God ? Then speak the truth. Questions.— 1. ^What is the subject of this lesson ? What advice is given about lies.- 2. AVhy should we abstain from telling lies ?-3. If you tell a lie, what will be the consequence ?-.5. What should you do when you have done something wrong ?~6. What should you do to be happy., and to be a child of God ? t . WE MUST NOT BE IDLE. Bek, u. an insect that makes honey Catch, v. to lay hold on ; to sei?e ; 'to take. Hay -rick, n. a pile or rick of hay. Haste, n. speed ; hurry. Hon'-ey, n. the sweet produce of bees 1 -DLE, a. lazy ; useless. Sense, n. intellect ; meaning. Stud'-y, v. to learn ; to think closely. vvi rr' VV'' ^ ^'''^' ^^^' '^^^^'^ name was Jeffrey Gollms. He was very youn- and had hut little sense. His father and mother sent him to scliool,hut he did not love study as much as he did play 2 One very pleasant morning, as he went to school, he saw a hee flying about, first upon this flower and then on that. So he said "Pretty bee, will you come and play with me "? "—But the bee said, " No, I must not be idle : I must go and gather honey." 3. Then the little boy met a dog, and he said ^ .°^.r ^°'' P^^^' ''"'^^' ^^^ • " ^^^t the dog said No, 1 must not be idle, lam going to catch a hare for my master's dinner ; I must make haste and catch it." ilW I f 4. Then the little boy went by a hay-rick, and he saw a bird pulling some hay out of the hay. rick, and he said, " Little bird, will you come and play with me ? " But the bird said, " No, I must not be idle ; I must get some hay to build my nest with, and some moss, and some wool." So the bird flew away. 5. Then the little boy saw a horse, and ho said, " Horse, will you play with me ? " But the horse said, " No, I must not be idle ; I must go and plough, or else there will be no corn to make bread of." 6. Then the little boy thought to himself, \\hat I is no one idle ? Then little boys mu«t not be idle either." So he made haste, and went to school, and learned his lessons very well, and the teacher said he was a very good boy. Questions.— I. What was the name of the boy men- tioned in this lesson ?-.2. What did the bee answpr to the little boy ?--3. What did the little boy meet next ? What did he say to him ?~4. What else did the lazv boy meet ' What did the bird say to him?~5. Did the horse go and play with the little boy ? Why not ?-~G. What did tlio little boy say to himself ? SECOND READER. 15 Lesson VI. THE FOX. Be-fore', prep, in front of ; prior to. Bush'y, a. full of bushes ; thick. Cheat, v. to defraud. Chased', v. hunted ; pursued. Gun'-ning, o. artful ; subtle. Es-cape', v. to shun ; to flee from. Goose (pi. geesc)^ n. a water-fowl. ' Match, n. a contest. Oft'-en, ad. frequently ; not : seldom ; many times. Sly'-ly, ad. with artifice : insidiously. 1. The fox is like a dog. It isa beast of prey. It has a broad head ; a sharp nose, pointed cars, and a long bushy tail 2. The fox lives in a den or hole, which he often makes near a farm-house. He hidrs in his den, by day, and when night comes on, h-- leaves his den, and goes slyly to the farm-yard. 3. He is fond of a duck, or a hen, or a goost>, But he will also eat fruit, mice, and or a iamb ■ I;. m li II ' la 'tH frogs. When he gels hold of a hen or a dud< I iie runs Ixome to his den. ' 4. Some men keep packs of hounds oi' do-s hunt and kill the fox, and they will ride a long way sometimes Lefore they can catch him. 5. When the fox finds that he is chased he runs to his hole, Avhere he lies still, till some dog IS sent in to drive him out (>. If his den is helow a rock, or the roots of trees, he is safe, for the dog is no match for him there ; he cannot be dug out. 7. But if he cannot get to his den, he runs 111 the thick woods, and seeks the most thorny paths. He tries all sorts of plans to get out of the way of the dogs. But when he finds that he cannot escape, he turns and fights till Jie is sometimes torn in pieces. We call a youn- fox a cuh But the fox is not only very sly bul very cunning also. When any one is very cun- ning, we say, " he is as cunning as a fox." 8. J will tell you a story about the cunning -,f the fox.— Some dogs Avere once in chase of a fox. They came very near him, and it seemed as though they would catch liim. There was no hole, or other place, for the fox to liide in T hen wliat could tlie fox do ? 0. This is what the fox did. There was a low stone wall not far ofT fi fast as lie could go. But nearer and nearer camo liie dogs, and when the fox had got lo the wall, they were close to him. 10. The fox made a jump, and went over; but as soon as he was on the other side, ho crept lo the wall and lay down as close to it as he could. 11. The dogs, in their haste, went over both wall and fox at a jump, and ran straight on. They were going so fast that they could not slop, and Ihey did not see where (he fox had hid. 12. As soon as the dogs were over, the fox, quick as a ll.ish, made a leap back over the wall] and was soon out of sight. On went tlie dogs' hut they never saw the fox again. 13. Was not lliat a cunning fox? lie knew Jiow fo cheat the dogs, and saved his life by il. Questions.— I . Wjiat dors iho fox look liko ? ^Vhcro .Ices the fox live ?~3. Of ^Imt is lie fond ?~/i Wlini ia (lone to kill Die fox ?-5. What docs the fox do when he sees himself chased ?-7. What does he do when closely pursued ?^ What do we call a youn- fox ?-.<3. Rdale in your own words the slory about the fox. Lesson VII. A STORY ABOUT A SLAVE. Cavk, ;/. a hollow place in (he earth. [) L "i:r w, n. a wiiaerness. ^i -ON, 11. a fierce, sir ong animal. ^ ' li !l :i I m* Roar, ;?. the cry of a beast ; a loud noise. LiMP-iNfx, i\ walking lamely. Grate'-ful, 0. Ihankfu!. Ex-posed', v. placed in danger. Sto -ry, n. a tale ; a narrative. bKip'-PED, V leaped lightly. t There is a story told of a slave, which I will tell yoii. 2 A slave ran awny rrom Rome m oki times, and went across the desert to get to his home. One day, he went into a cave, which Droved to no a lion's den. 3 He soon hoard the roar of a lion, and made |ip his mind to be eaten up. But the lion came imping to him, and put his paw upon the man's knee ; while the man was afraid to stir The slave looked at the paw and saw that it was much swollen, and found a large thorn in if but ho did not, at first, dare to pull it out, lesl he lion should get angry from the pain and kill him. At last he did pull it out. 5. The lion bore it quietly, and when his paw was easy, ho licked the man, and fawned on him jnst as dogs do. The man lived there some days, for he was wcalc and tired. lie did not reach his homo, but wa^ caughtand led back to Rome H! ise. J, which I 3la times, bis home. T)rove{I to find made ion came the man's itir. The at it was rn in it; out, lest 1 and kill his paw vned on ere some ; did not 1 baclt to SECOND READER. 19 5. For his crime of running off, ho was to bo exposed to wild beasts. AVhcn the day came, he was led to the spot, and a lion that was lately caught, and that had not been fed for some days, that he might be more fierce, was let loose upv^n the man ; as soon as the door was opened, he sprang out of his den with a wild roar. C. But when the lion saw the man, ho crept softly np to him and licked him, and skipped about him, to show how glad he was, and did not hurt him in the least. It was the same lion the man had met with in the desert. 7. The slave was sot free. The lion was given to him ; and the grateful beast would go with him through the streets of Rome, like a dog Questions. — I. What story is told in this lesson?— 2. What is a slave ? Where is Rome ? W^iero -did Iho slave go ? What did ho come across ?— 3. What look place when he was there ? W^hat was the matter with the lion? — i. What did tho lion when the slave pulled out the thorn ? What became of the man afterwards ?— 5. What punishment was to bo innicted on him for having run away ?— G What happened whon the lion saw lh9 slave ? ■ 'i I r I li I li I L^ J^^ 20 SECOND BEADER. Lesson VIII. THE OLD SLATE. 1. " I have a great mind to biVaK this stupid old slate," said Charles, one morning, almost crying over his first lesson in subtraction.— "Why, what has the poor slate done?" askc:l his brother Patrick. 2. " Nothing. That is just why I complain of it."—" What a wicked slate, Charles !" 3. " So, it is. I mean to throw it ont of the window, and break it in pieces on the stones." — " Will that get your lesson for you. Char- lev ? " ' — " No ; but if there were no slates in the world, I should have no such lesson to learn." i. v-'ii, xjii, iii uuLu ; r>ur, mat does not follow, by any means. Did slates make Arith- metic ? Would people never have to count, and calculate, if there were no slates? you forget ! pens, lead-pencils, and paper : you forget all about mental arithmetic, Charley 1 — " Well, I don't like to cipher ; that's all : l»nt I do like to count." I a. " And so you, hasty boy, you got angry with ! tlio poor harmless slate, that is so convenient I when you make mistakes and wish to rub them out. This is the way with a great many thoughtless, quick-tempered people. They try to find fault with somebody or something, and get into a passion, and perhaps do mischief; when, if they would reflect, they would find that they themselves ought to bear all the blame. Now, Charley, let me sec what I can do for you." G. So Patrick sat down in his father's great easy chair : he tried to look grave and digni- fied, hke an old gentleman, though he was but eighteen. Charley came rather unwillingly, laid the slate on his lap, and began to play with the chain of his watch. " Why, what is this ?" said he ; <' soldiers, and cats, and dogs, and houses with windows of all shapes and sizes ! " 7. Charley looked foolish. " Oh I the lesson IS on the other side," said he, turning the slato over." m ,«;t K ■' h ' i| i ,'•;: 'i I if! . -" Ah, silly boy I " said Patrick ; '' here you have been si-' ng half an hour drawing pictures, instead of trying to learn your lesson. Andnow winch do you think ought to he broken, you or your slate ? " and he held the slate up high, as if he meant to beat his brother's head with it. 8. Charley looked up, with his hands at his ears, but laughing all the while, for he knew Patrick was only playing with him. Presently however, Patrick put on a serious face, and said' ^ Now, my little man, you must go to work in good earnest, to make up for lost time." 9. " Oh I Patrick, it wants only twenty mi- nutes of nine. I shall be late to school. Can't you, JQst this once, make the figures for mcjV" —" No," said Patrick. — " Oh, do 1 just this once." 10. '' No, Charley ; there would be no kindness in that. You would never learn arithmetic in that way. If I do it once, you will find it harder to be refused to-morrow. I will do a much kinder thing : I will just show you a little, and you may do all the work yourself." 11. So he passed his arm gently around him • and thoLigh Charley pouted at first, and could hardly see through his tears, Patrick ques- tioned him about the rule, and then began to show him the proper wav to ^Pt hie ipce^p jtf SECOxND r.EADER. When all was flnisbed, Charley was surprised 10 find that he should .till bo i„ season for school. ^_ 12. "Now, to-morrow, Charloy," said Patriot, do not waste a moment, but begin your lesson at once and you will ilnd it a groat saving, not on y 01 time, but of temper. I hope von will DO get ir>.o a passion again, with this good old slate of mine. It went to school with me when was a little boy, and I should be sorrv if vou Inul broken it for not doing your work." " 13. Away ran diaries to school, thiiikiuK to nmse f, '^ Well, I suppose I was' wrong, tn,l Patrick ,vas right. I ought not to have been m-S'- '"'"'' ' °"=''' '° ''''-' '>«=" dotting Obsenrlion -Thi, lesson shows the folly of h" '.? ""f ^7°'''' "'"' °"Slit to be, and must l>e done The best way is to setabout it at once ^.■th a determination to do it. It is a verv true W, that " Where there's a will, there's a ^vo,.cis of I-airlck to Charles irwZH*- "'"^'" '"" •• nionlal arithmetic '' J-fwi .^t k s'hi^f'n'l'"l°V ^J" 3'^#,'''^,''™'l;e.'viwhat%d'ch HoTuo t'^nvhi f./" h i.,do^ lu £iaiu It r Ac, Ac. ;, " ' <•'. '■'■'i fnii P I}' r IE T-rssox 'IX. BUSINESS FIRST, AND THEN PLE.' AL-Lownrj', r. pei'iiiitted. i^EiJT, n. wJiat is owed or duo. Walmt, y/. custom; uso. He-waud', ;i. recompense. ^END, V to consume ; to expend. Wealth'-v, «. rich ; opulent. Work,/,. toU; labor; task. I- Jolin IIa<,^'in, who is very rich now was fo r:;r^ ^^, '^^'- ^^^^^^^ -^-^^^^ ^-- ho heca r: Z ^) he repaed, " My father taught me never to play till all my work for the day was earned it,— that is, never to get into deht 2 " If I had but half an hour's work to do in he day, I was told that I must do it the fi - hmg, and in half an hour. After this w do I was allowed to play ; and I am sure I co Id hen play with much more pleasure thanif II S tlie^^thought of an unfinished task before m J 3. "I early formed the habit of doin- every thing in Its time, and it is to this habi°t th\t I ow. all my good fortune." «I.^>fif:i7?.°^y ^^!> ^^-ds this, form the (Observation.^This lesson, like the preceding one, illustrates the importance of attending to business before pleasure, and of doing every thina m its time), "" Questions.-Was John Hagan rich or poor when he was a boy ?-By what means did he get rich ?-How much work had he to do every day ?-What was he allowed to do after his work was done ?-What good haibit did he form ?--Whal does this lesson illustrate ? Lesson X. MONEY. Buy, v. to acquire by paying a price. Urn, v. to gain by labor. (taze', v. to stare ; to look intently. Hand-ful, n. as much as the hand can hold IN -T2R-EST, n. conrarn ; share. Of fige, n. a rooia Root, n. sour. • ---in Wear, v. to ca: 1 Daniel took , a handful of money and showed it to his friends. They gazed at it.with great interest, lor it was not often that one of tliem had so much money in his pocket. 2 The boy with the hat on has been away Irom home, and has been nt work in a printin- olhce. He worked in a printing-office beVore'he 5," ■ : '. .ii '»! fill 26 SECOND READER. went away. Now he has returned, and is sho a^- ing to his old friends in the office the money which he has earned. o. " There, toys," said he, " you see what I have earned. I earned it all by hard work. I know how to work, and, although L have nice clothes on now, 1 am not ashamed to work. 4. " I bought these clothes with the money which I earned ; and I think a boy has a right to wear good clothes if he buys them with his own money. I mean to go lo work again, and earn more money ; and I don't mean to spend it foolishlv either." iii t SECOND READER. hen take good care of it. But you must n;t be ^ain because you have a little money. That would hs Doth foolish and wicked. C. But what is money good for ? It is good to fs JonH° ''■''"'^' '"' '° ''"^ """^ -"h f and it s good to give to the poor, that they may buy ood, and clothes, and fuel with It, to ke J them from starving and freezing. ^ 7. H is foolish to get money just to keep it, to he proud of, and to tell how rich you are Mo! w h M t^ T^'" '' *^ "^^1 '" ^0 wrong with Much good may be done with it and :h?'Tt\^'"-/'^^«°'^«-P'-'-^'"' that The love of money is the root of all evil." When W '"•".^"""''^ occupation when he left home?- y ^. wun wnat did he buy his line clothes ? Wh/if "il i 1 t f- i- .. I , ' (« I ,"1 Ml f 4 \ ii i i 28 SECOND READER. Lesson XL / LAZY SLOKINS, THE SCHOOL-BOY. I Ac -TiVE, a. that acts ; busy. Kus -Y, a. employed ; active. i^A-zY,«. idle; sluggish. Pieces n. fragments; parts. He-cite , v. to rehearse ; to repeat. bcARCE'-LY, ad. hardly. Smaut, a. sharp; quick ; active. bPELL^ V. to form words of letters. bTRANGE, a. odd ; foreign ; unknown. 1. One of these boys has a book in his hand, and you can see that he is very busy reading it. It looks like a new book, although the boy has used It a long time. ^. This boy IS getting liis lesson in schooLand he will have a good lesson, and he will recite it we 1 00. You can see that he is not a lazy bov and that he takes good care of his books. 3. The name of the other boy is Slokins. What do you thuik of him ? He looks like a lazy fel- ow. He has a book in his hand, but it is all orn in pieces. He can scarcely read in it. When lie reads, he has to stop to spell the hard words. 4 Slokins does not like a book. You can see that in his face. His face tells of mM. It tells that he is lazy. Do you think, if he were a good smart, and active boy, and one who liked to read, that his face would look so ? 5. No, his face would not look so. His face would have a smart look, for smart boys gener- ally look smart. And how do you suppose Slo- liin s book became so torn and dirty ? It is be cause he did not take care of it. Is it not strange that the books of the boys who get their lessons, aiways look very nice ? Questions.-l. How many boys are represented in h.s picture ? Which the good one, and the bad one ?_2 Which of them will recite his lesson the better ^—3 What IS the name of the lazy boy ? Can he read ? In what state IS h,s book ?-4. Doe's Slokins like a book ? How can you see that ?--.D. If he were a good, smart, and active boy would his face look so ? d-c. d:c. (V'V l'''."fij 'I 4 'I t •i: J. \'[ f\ l;il^: Lesson XII. GOD IS NEAR. / Beast, n. an irrational animal ; a brute. Dew, n. moisture deposited at night. Good'-ness, n. kindness. LiEDOWN, n. to rest ; to go to bed. Lift up, v. to raise , to elevate. Swim, v to float on or to move in the water. Thought, n. act of thinking ; idea. 1. It is God who made all things. He made the earth, and He made the sun, and the moon, and the stars also. 2. God made the beasts that roam over the earth, the birds that fly in the air, and the fish that swim in the rivers, the lakes, and the great sea. He also made man. 3. God makes the tender herb and the grass to grow, as well as the tall trees of the forest ; and He sends the rain and the dew to water them, and the sun to warm them. 4. He giv(>s us all our food; for if He did not take care of the beasts, and the birds, and the ftsh, and the grain that we sow, and the seeds that we plant, all of them would die ; and then wc shouiu also die. «':f^ SECOND READER. 31 5. But God not only takes care of us, and all thmgs around us, but He is also near us at all times. He sees us now. He sees all that we do and He knows all our thoughts, He knows all things. 6. We should thank God for all his goodness to us. We should pray to Him often, and ask Him to keep us from sin, and to bless us. 7. When wo rise from bed in the morning and when we lie down at night, we should lift- up our hearts to Him in prayer. God will hear us, and if we pray to Him with a right heart He will bless us, both in this world and in the world to come. Questions. -t. Who made all things?- 2 Name some of the creatures made by God ?-3. Who sends the ram and dew to water the herbs grass, Ac. ?-4. Who gives us our food ? What would happen to the beasts, to 21 plants, and to ourselves if God did not take care of all ?- 5 Is God far from us ? Does He see us ? Does He know our thoughts ?-C. What should wo do to acknowledge the goodness of God ?~7. What should we do in rising from our bed m the morning, and lying down in tho evening ? i ■>"•.>. r I'ii f -rr* m Ml 32 SECOND READER. Lesson XIII THE FISH. A-way', ad. at a distaiico off. Catch, v. to seize ; to take hold of. Dif'-fer, v. to vary ; to be unlike. FisFi'-HOOK, n. a hook to catch fish. 1n-deed', ad. in truth ; in reality. S;:ales, n. covering of a fish. Tail, n. the hinder part; the end. Wa'-ter, n. a iluid, 1 Do yon know what this is?— It is a fish. Did you ever see a live fish ? Did you ever catch one ? What did you catch it with ? Did you have a fish-hook and line ? Did you ever catch a little fish in your hands ? 2. Fish live in the water. They cannot live long ont of the water. A fish swims with its fins and tail. Do you see the fins of this fish ? • 1 a TT Do you scu his tail '/ ile has scales aii along his tl • I ever catch back, and on his sides ; but they are not so lar^e as his fins. 3 Do you see the eye of this fish? Do you think he has more than one eye ? Where do you think the other eye is? Do you think .the fish can see when he is away down in the water ? What makes you think he can see ? If he could not see, he might hit his head against a stone or a rock, and that might kill him. 4. Gould you see if you were down deep in the water ?-No, not very well. But the fish can see very well indeed. The eyes of the fish are not like ours. They are made to see with in the water ; but ours are made to see with in the air. Ihe fish is made to live in the water, and we are made to live in the air. Who made the eyes of the fish to difler from ours ?-God alone. ca'^hrT^V; li'T '' ' "^'-'"^^ • ^^^^^' -«-"« 10 Z It o ''' "^^ "'^'' ^'^" • N^"^« ^ho principal parts of a nsh.-3. Do nshes see when they arc away down L he water ?-4. Are the eyes of fishes hke ours ? Who made them to differ from ours ? w If 4 ': 1 r li -III Lesson XIV. THE WORKS OF GOD. i. God made the sky that looks so blue ; He made the grass so green ; He made the flowers that smell so sweet, In pretty colors seen. 2. God made the sun that shines so bright And gladdens all I see ; ' It comes to give us heat and light ; How thankful we should be ! 3. God made the pretty bird to fly, How sweetly has she sung ! And though she flies so very high, She won't forget her young. 4. God made the cow to give nice milk • The horse for us to use ; ' We'll treat them kindly for his sake Nor dare his gifts abuse. ' 5. God made the water for our drink • Ho made the fish to swim ; ' Ho made the tree to bear nice fruit • Oil ! liow we should love Kim '' Lesson XV, THE THOUGHTLESS BOY. Ad-vice', n. counsel. CoN-FLVE', V. to limit : to restrain other J,, orr^Hdgt rsa'Sr'-^.*^ was frozen, "Come, boys "sailZ^n T'' ran at once ZZl' ^l!! Zf/ '° ^■°'" '"'"' -<^ -Mto^ll^'^r^J *7 ";'.- o"i n.a„, Who enough to bea. yo' ' " " ,r "';r'""" ^'™"S down into the wall " ' ^.^^i -■'-"'y ^ P^nse, and fear to ventnre o , he te P '^ alone disreffarded Hip w„ip ^™"'' stopped u,!n .J: let aT^d'TennTrtr .h"" ieo'bS^tnS ;;"£!■;". "-^-«P^^«^ore the nder his feet, and he ^0 iiis neck in the water. AH tho boy was n]nn/>/^.i 6-^ up s ran off, and IV. 1 (I H ■I'ij It'' ii 1 [ 1 1, 1 1 it 1 i i j i ■■■ r, , i \ ■ '»> ii Frank must have perished, if the good old man, who had stopjied near the place, had not run to the spot and saved him. 4, Frank, trembling from head to foot, was as pale as death, and could not P7 - ^' a vvord. Though his wet clothes were i:.' off, and great care taken of him, he was very ill, and confined to his bed for several days. " Remem- ber, in future, Frank," said his father after his recovery, '■' that those who do not attend to good advice^ will suffer for it.'''' Questions. — I. What is the subject of this lesson? — 2. What was Frank doing on a very cold day in winter ? — 3. What did Frank say, as he was passing one day over a bridge, on returning from school ? — 4. What effect had Frank's words on the boys ? — 5. Whom did the boys mept on their way ? What did the old man say, and what did Frank do, contrary to the charitable warning ? — G. What happened to Frank ? — 7. Did the boys assist Frank in his danger ?— 8. What would have become of Frank if not aided by the old man ? — 9. What was the result of Frank's conduct, and what lesson did he receive from his father ? — 10. What does this lesson teach us?— '11. Repeat tho father's words to Frank. )od old man, ,d not run to SECOND READER. Lesson XVI. 37 Ap-pear', v. to be in sight Beak, n. the bill of a bird Chirp'-ing, v. making a noise as a bird Tled'-ge, v. to furnisli with feathers pfr"J-np',?'M T^'^^'^^fe^ without complaint, i rcK-up, V choose ; to clean ; to onon Spring, n. the vernal season. ' ^ Weave, v. to form by a loom, or by texture WoN'.DER, V, to be surprised. hXTr'r ^^'' '^^^ '''"'''' ^^ P'^^^^^l' ^^"d spring Deguis, before even a leaf has yet burst forth you will hear the little birds singing Td ch ,' I'lg as soon as it IS day-liglit. ^ ^^^ ^^np- 2. Perhaps you wonder whaf. mni.n. .i,..^ _ I)usy and merry, in the cold early days of April ^ " if pK^ Ill n 38 SECOND READER. But this is the time when they begin to build their nests. 3. All the day they are picking up bits of wool, and straw, and moss, and little twigs. These they weave in and out, with a great deal more skill than you or I could weave them. 4. Then, when their nests are completed, they lay in them their pretty eggs, blue, green, or speckled. They sit upon them for many long days, until they are hatched, only leaving them for a short time, when they are in want of food. 5. One would think that their patience must be tired out, when at last, a tiny bird, not yet fledged, breaks its shell, and then the others one by one, appear. ' 6. Whilst their mother is gone to search for food, they lie quite close, to keep each other warm. As soon as she flies up to the nest, they all open their wide, yellow beaks, and begin chirping to be fed. She feeds them all, with as much care as your mother fed you when you were a baby. 7. The wren sometimes lays as many as eight- een eggs, and when the young ones all come out of their shells, she must have hard work to bring them up. 8. Yet, she neglects none, but feeds each in its turn. Most little birds build thpir np«ts in q >.„oV. S in Si VinaVi aid V C. or tree, to be out of the reach of danger But I TtSrrnV^'^^"^^"^''-^^'^"''''''^^'" 9. Their young ones are covered with down shell. If their nests were huill ou trees, the rrS-Jr^ '° ™"' -"'^ ^^" over in'L!fr '""' '•T'^ '^" «y' "^^y ''^e often m great danger, either from larger birds or cats, or naughty boys. For boys will often in their cruel sport, tear down the nests of lill" Ms, to take their eggs, or destroy their you^ ' 11. And then when the mother comes home she sees the pretty nest she had formed wTth such care all torn to pieces, and her nesll^nls dead on the ground, But if they live till lie!r feathers come, their mother take'^ them out o K::etr"'"^'^"'"^^°^™^^"^-^-'° their mnfh^''" '^"'^'"Z '^'^ ^'' ^'^°"§' «"-! ^^hen heii mother sees that they are able to shift for themselves, she leaves them. bn!l!i 1 '■' *^°'^ "'"' "'''^^"'' "^« "»'« Wrds to the n i r^' "''"' ''"^ '° '^''^ ''^ -""^h care of el L ' ^ r ^°""«' '^ 'f "^«y ^■"'^ ^e"^e and leelings such as we h — r.^i m- t " 'Is' ii n Questions.— I When do you hear the Httle birds singing and chirping?— 2. What makes them so busy and merry ?— 3. Why do they pick up bits of wool and straw ? —4. What do the birds do, when their nests are complete ? —5. What happens after a while?— 6. What do the little birds do while the mother is gone in search of food ?— 7. How many eggs does the wren lay ?— 8. Where do most little birds build their nests?— 9. Why do poultry build Iheir nests on the ground ?— 10. To what dangers are little birds exposed when young?— U and 12. When does the mother leave her little ones?— 13. Who teaches the little birds how to build their nests ? Lesson XVII. i' M ALONE IN THE DARK. i Gan'-dle. n. a light made of tallow, &c Fire'-place, n. a place for a fire. Fright'-ened, v. terrified. Glim'-mer, n. a weak light ; gleam. Mead'-ow, n. grass-land annually mown for hay. NooN'-TmE, n. mid-day. Wrapped', v. covereo 1. She has taken out the candle. She has left me in the dc^rk ; From the window not a glimmer, From the fire-place not a spark. f '- SECOND READER 2. I am frightened as I'm lying All alone here in my oed And I've wrapped the clothes as closely As I can around my head. 3. There are hirds out on the bushes, In the meadow lies the lamb. How I wonder if they 're ever Half as frightened as I am. 4. Yet, I know there's One who seeth In the night as in the day For to Him the darkness dreary Is as bright as noontide day. 5. Then I'll turn and sleep more soundly J^hen one little prayer I've prayed ihat should make a child afraid SECOND READER. Lesson XVIII. HONESTY REWARDED. Gu'-Ri-ous, (L inquisitive. Gen'-er-ous, a. free in giving. Of-fense', n. a fault. Pris'-on, n. a jail. Re-serve', v. to keep. Re-ward', n. a recompense. Temp-ta'-tion, n. act of tempting ; enticement ; leading into evil. Up'-right-ness, n. honesty. SECOND READER. 43 a Lfk fh'*''"'^ '"'' ^'"'^ ^"-^ 0"" lay taking and ,2 ^ "^""^ '° """ous as to look in and saw some grape-vines, loaded with fruit. ' Rrfpel'fThV.?"''''" '"'•^ '^'^^"^'1' " ^'>at nice grapes ! TJiere is no one in the garden • let ,i, take some of them." " No," said Henry ' thn would not be riffht fn- ,h a «enry , that -" Whatm^f^ , ; i^^ ^*'''*'" ■' n<" ours." is so f^,t f """^ ^'^^^^'l ; " 'he garden ILm." " °' ""'^'' ''"^ °^"«r will nol mi^s Henr'^f "'for Ti's'theft 77^'° -^^ ^°'" -i, oa,u Hu, -let us goon." M P/ T''Lvi| !■ .■•■si ii^^l i! - ftj 'K J. , f w 4 rl M n i t 44 SECOND READER. 6. The owner of the garden had been listening all the time, though unseen by the boys. He now came forward, praised Henry's uprightness, and gave him several bunches of the fruit. Henry was good and generous, and gave a share to his blushing companion. 7. What a good thing it is for a boy to be good and upright ! Even in this world, God sends him a reward. But his final reward He reserves for heaven, where the good and virtuous will reign with Him and His saints for ever. Questions. — I. "What is the subject of this lesson ? — What were Edward and Henry doing one day, and what did they see on their way ? — 2. Relate the conversation which took place between them, — What was Edward's proposal?— 3. What was Henry's reply? — 4. What did Henry's father say about a man who passed with his hands tied, on his way to prison ? — 5. What caused Edward to resist the temptation ? — 6. Did the owner of the garden punish the boys ? — 7. Is there a reward for a boy who is good and upright ? Lesson XIX. THE EARTH, SUN, AND MOON. Ax'-is, n. the line that passes through a body and on which it revolves. East, n. the place where tlie sun rises. Flat, a. plain ; smooth ; level. SECOND READER. 45 j Ki*NG, n. a monarch ; a sovereign Queen, 71. the wife of a king. Rule, v. to govern ; to manage. West, n, the place where the sun sets. 1. We hve on the earth. The earth is not "at, as It seems to us to be. It is like a ball. Men I sail round the earth, or the world, in ships. 2. The world does not stand still, but turns round like a top. It is said to turn on its axis ; but It also goes round the sun. It turns round on Its axis once each day, but it takes a year to go round the sun 3. The sun also is a great globe, or ball It seems like a ball of fire. The sun gives us light and heat. We see the sun by day, but not by Ulght. Do you know Whv wo dn nnf coo th^ - J. . . _ -•••V tiiv sun in the night ? ii ■"*,'■ m 1^ i * . -ij,*, . SI ■■— "-"■■• rill ■"^-™"tr 4. The sun rises in the east, and it sets, or goes down in the west. When the sun sets, it is night. The moon and stars give light by night. 5. The moon is a globe, or ball, but not so large as the sun or the earth. The moon goes round the earth, while the earth goes round the sun. The moon has no light in herself, but she gets her light from the sun. 6. The Holy Scripture tells us that God made these great lights. He made the sun to rule the day, and the moon to rule the night. We call the sun, "The king of the day," and the moon, " The queen of the night". a Questions. —1. On what do we live ? Is the earth flat ? —2. Does tlie world stand still ? How long does it take the world to go round the sun?--3. What is the sun? What does he give us ?— 4. Where does the sun rise ? Where does it set ? When do the moon and stars give light ? —5. What is the moon ? What is the motion of the moon ? Has she any light in herself ?— 6. What do the Holy Scrip- ture say about the sun, the moon, and all the other great lights ? X Lesson XX. THE MILLER AND HIS SON. Dull, a. stupid. Mah-'ket, n. a jilace where things are sold. Plod, v. to vvalk slowly. jtl'. Re-spect', n. esteem ; regard. Tend'^ing, v. taking care of. Wag-'on-er, n. one who drives a wagon. 1. A miller and his son once drove an ass to town, to sell him in the market. 2. A man on horseback met them. " Oh ' " said he laughing, " what dull fellows you are to let the ass go idle, when one of you might be having a good ride ! " 3 The father then called to his son to mount. After a while, a wagon met them. The wagoner called out to the son . <' Are you not ashamed, you young fellow, to ride, while your old father has to go along by your side on foot ? " 4. As soon as the son heard these words he jumped off the ass, and let his father get on.' 5. After they had gone some distance further along a sandy road, a poor woman met them • she was carrying a basket full of fruit on her head. 6 " You are an unfeeling father," said she, to make yourself so comfortable upon the ass, and to let your poor son plod through the deep sand." The father then took his son also upon the ass. 7. But when a shepherd, who was tending sheep on the roadside, saw lhe!ii both ridiuff aionsf on tile a ' ' he shouted out : '^ Ah ! the poor ■ . ■ ■.•;*§ IT" !-f 1 J ' III beast ! he will surely fall to the ground under such a heavy load. You have no mercy for the wretched brute ! " a They then both got down, and the son said to his father . " What shall we now do with the ass in order to satisfy the people ? We had bet- ter tie his feet together, and carry him on a pole on our shoulders to market." 9. But his father said . " you observe now, my son, that it is impossible to please every- body; but by doing our duty well, all will res- pect us, and God will love us " Questions.— t. What were the millsr and his son driving one day to town ?-2. Whom did" they meet on the way ? What did the horseman say to them ?— 3 What did the wagoner say to the son ? What did the son do ?— 6 What did the poor woman say ?-7. What did the shep^ herd shout out as he sav/ the miller ?— 8. Relate the ad- vice of the son.— 9. Repeat the remark of the father. Lesson XXI. SCHOOL AT PIOME. (Getting the school-room ready). Be-gun', v. entered upon; commenced. Desk, n. an inclining table to write on. E-legt'-ed, v. chosen ; selected. Fair'-ly, ad. with fairness : justly rr o Glo -ry, 71. high honor ; renown. King -dom, n. the dominion of a kinff feTooLs, n. seats without backs. 1. The cold wind was blowing and the hi drops of rain were falling fast. 2. " My children, " said mamma, " you need not go to school this morning ; but if you wish you may have a room all to yourselves, and play school at home." 3 "0, thank you, mamma," said Arthur Herbert, and Irving, all at once ; " that will be so nice." - And after the school is fairly begun, won't you come and see us ? " said little Herbert. And he went up to mamma and kiss- ed her. 4. " Do you want me to come, Berty?" said mamma. They always called little Herbert Berty. ' 5. '' 0, yes," said Berty, " we always like to have visitors. Our teacher says it does the scholars good to have visitors." w^ " 7^f!\' ^ '"''^^ ^^""^ ^"^ «^« yo" i3y-and-by. Who shall be the teacher ? " said mamma. 7. " I want Arthur to teach me," said little Irving. Sometimes he teaches me at the bi^r school, and the teacher says he is a good little teacher. I want Arthur to teach me," he said ag;iiii i i::'rv 11 Ill I I'll i. 8. " I'm agreed," said Herbert ; " for Arthur is the eldest and knows the most." So Arthur is elected teacher. 9 " Now," said Arthur, '' as I am to be the teacher and you the scholars, I must have a big seat up at a desk, and you must have little seats on the floor. 10. '' This table will make a good desk, if we move it out from the wall a little way, and raise the back leaf. It. "The chair shall be behind the table There ! my desk is ready." '^ "Now, Irving, you may get the little bell and put it on the desk. I shall want the bell to call the school to order and to let you know when to recite. What shall we get for you to sit on ? Oh ! I know now— if mamma will let us have these two little stools in the par- lor." ^ 13. '' I will ask her," said Berty ; and away ho ran. " Yes, we can have them, and here they are. How soft they are." 14. " Now," said Arthur, "it is time for school to b-gin. You may get your little books and slates, and put them on my desk. When I tap the bell, you must take your seats and sit up straight. " And Arthur went to the desk and gave the bell a tap. or Arthur 3o Arthur to be the lave a big iittle seats jsk, if we , and raise he table the little want the ) let you e get for nmsL Will tlio par- nd away lid here time for le books When 1 iid sit up lesk and SECOND READER. 51 Que8tion8.-l.~2 Why did the mother hinder her httle children from going to school ?-3.-.4-5 -G Rela e the conversation of Berty with his molher~7. Who was chosen as teacher. 8. Who pleaded Arthur's ZZ j.—iu.— ii._i2. Repeat what Arthur said. LESSON XXII. THE STRANGE LITTLE BOY. 1. Here is a little boy; Look at hini well ; Think if you know him : If you do, tell. I will desGril)e liim That you may see If he is a stran;?er To you and to me. ^.,.,a iT:':::i He has two hands That can manage a top, And climb a tall chestnut To make the nests drop. They're just full of business, With ball, hoops, and swing, Yet are never too busy To do a kind thing. 3. He has two feet That can run up and down, Over the country, And all about town. I should think they'd be tired ; They nover are still But they're ready to run for you Whither you will. 4. He has two eyes Always busy and bright, And looking at something From morning till night. They help him at work, They help him at play, And the sweet words of Jesus They read ever^ day. SECOND READER. 53 fil 5. He has two ears, O how well he can hear The birds as they sing And the boys as they cheer ! They are out on the common, And loudly they call ; Bin one word from his mother He hears first of all. 6. He has a tongue That runs like a sprite , It begins in the morning As soon as the light. It's the best little tongue You any where find ; For it always speaks truth, And it always is kind He has a hei -t That is hiv|jpy and gay; For Jesus is king there The whole of the day The Lord's little servant He's trying to be ; Is this boy a stranger To If! I 2'' \4u ;ii'! Lesson XXIIl. AGTLNG A LIE. Ap'-ple, n. a fruit. Gon'-sgienge, n. the moral sense. DEGEiVi3, V. to impose on ; to delude. False'-hood, n. a lie • an untruth. Mean, v. to intend ; to purpose. Sto'-ry, n. a tale ; a narration. 1. " Alfred, how could you tell mother that wrong story?"— said Lucy to her brother " You know you did eat one of the apples that \\^ere in the fruit dish ; yet you told mother you d'4 not," 2. "Now, Lucy, I did not tell any falsehood about it at all. You know mother asked me if I took one of the apples from the dish, and I said No. And that was true ; for the apple rolled off from the top of the dish, when I hit the table, and I picked it up from the floor. Mother did not ask me if late one, but if I took one from the dish " 3. " But you know, Alfred, what mother meant, and you know you deceived her; and you meant to deceive her, And that is acting a falsehood ; which is just as bad as telling a false- hood. If mother had asked you if you had eaten J other that ' Lrother pples that lother you falsehood ied me if and I said rolled off table, and d not ask the dish " t mother j her; and 3 acting a ig a false- lad eaten SECOND READER. the apple and you had shaken your head, would not that have been telling a falsehood ? Ger- tamly it would." 4. And Lucy was right. God knows what we mean as well as what we say Do you not think an acted he is as sinful in his sight as a spoken lie. And do you not think that Alfred's con- science troubled him? You should never act one thing, and mean another Dla?e w'^'^'l'" ^- "^''"'^ '^^ conversation which took place between Lucy and Alfred, about aclmg a falsehood.- 2. Who was right? -3. Is an acted lie as wicked in God's signt as a spoken one ? Lesson XXIV THE OLD MAN AND HIS GRANDSON. I ?w p^r'^^-'^T' ''• '^^ ^'^^ «f ^ son, I Moisr -EN-ED, V dampened, or wet Vex'-kd, a. angry ; displeased. 1. Once, upon a time, there was a very old, old man whose eyes were dim, his ears useless for hearing, and his knees tr«mhii„„ ,,ru f "' t-Ci ■'■''/ •Ml ■ fAviil .1' h at table he could scarcely hold his spoon, and often he spilled his food over the table-cloth, and sometimes on his clothes. 2. His son and daughter-in-law were much vexed about this, and at last they made the old man sit behind the oven in a corner, and gave him his meals in an earthen dish, and not enough either; so that the poor man grew sad, and his eyes were moistened with tears, 3. Once his hands trembled so much that he could not hold the dish, and it fell on the ground, and was broken to pieces. The young wife scolded him, but he made no reply, and only sighed. After that they bought him a wooden dish, for a couple of pence, and out of that he had to eat 4. One day, as he was sitting in his usual place, he saw his little grandson, of four years old, upon the ground, near him, fitting together some pieces of wood, 5. " What are you making ? » asked the old man. — "I am making a wooden trough," replied the child, " for father and mother to feed out of when I grow big." 6. At these words, the father of the child looked at his wife, and presently they both be- gan to cry, and were sorry ; and after that, they let the old grandfather sit at table with them, SECOND READER. 57 and always take his meals there, and they did httle of his food upon the cloth. Questlons.-I. What is the subject of this lesson ? What were the afflictions of the old Ln ?_2. Where dW ns son and daughter-in-law make hi™ sit ?-I Wh^ hnd of a d|sh did he receive from his children ?- ' Wha 5 What d thrtr '"'•" """ P-- <" ^-^'- wi. . t "'"''' ""^^^i' to his grandfather ?-6 What was the etfeot of the child's words'on his pte^', Lesson XXV THE TEMPTER. Be-fore;, pre;,, in front of; prior to ' Dfs 0^^^ «^f moreover ; dis'tinct torn. iJis-o-BEY , V. to transgress ; to violate Enough', ad, a sufficfencv. M -RAND, n. a message. ' Hap -pi-er, a. more satisfied. I ooR,RY , a. grieved. 1. John, one day, was standing at the door of his home. His father had told°him not to go away, as he wanted soon to send him on fn 2. A boy, who used often to play with John came along with a Kite in his hand. - Gome John," said he, '' come, go with me, and 5 If ^j '\ \.i 1 !!: '" iil Jv i'l'!' I F" 58 SECOND READER. me to fly my Kite ; there is a fine wind to-day, and I have string enough to let it go almost out of sight." 3. '' T can't go," said John. *' My father told me to stay here till he came back ; then I am going on an errand for him." 4. " How long will he be gone?" asked the boy. " I don't know," said John j '' he may be gone half an hour." 5. " 0, we shall have time, then, to go and fly Mju xviiu, ana sjuiiiu Uaciv again i SECONP READER. 59 C( John^t Lh"" °°' ^'"^^^ "-l- f^'l^-^r," said John he told me to wait at home till he ^ame " wotidL^::?Xrr'"'''^*™^"-'''' before hTJ ^ ^'"^'''' y°" will be back abS;."'"^^' ^"'^ ^« -" "ot know anything said Tnh! ^.^'"J^T ''"""^ that Ihad done wrong " ttng , ^"'^ "'^ °"« '^-P'« tJ^em to do boy do H,,, .„ .,^,„^.„ ^^^^^^^^ jr::tsob : lather P~5. Can you tell me why it is wrona fn ^ k 7. What kind of a boy should we call John ^ 8 n? think a buy like John i. a trustworthy boy ? " ''" Lesson XXVI. WHAT THE BOYS WOULD BE. Black'smith n. a smith wJio works in iron Cheat, v. to defraud ; to impose on Court, .^ a seat of justice. ^ i^uL -TuR, n. u piiysician. m,.' Ear'-nest-ly, ad. warmly. E'-vEN-iNG, n. the close of the day. Im-por'-tant, a. momentous. Pro-fes'-sion, n. an employment ; a vocation. Spat'-tered, v. sprinkled ; thrown. 1. Four or five little boys were talking one e^'ening, as boys often do, of the future. One asked the tallest of the group : 2. " What are you going to be when you are a man, Willie ? "' 3. " A lawyer," answered WiUie. " It is very important to have justice done in our courts." 4. " Yes ; but I guess lawyers don't always look out for justice. I've heard that most of them will plead a case on either side, right or wrong, for the money," replied Charlie. 5. " Well, that may be so ; but that is not the kind of a lawyer I am going to be. T shall al- ways take the right side, whether I get paid for it or not. I will look out for all the widow? and orphans, to see that nobody cheats them, ' said WiUie. " What will you be, Charlie ? " 6. "0, I'm going to be a doctor, so that I can ride day and night. I'll keep four horses, and change them often, and always have a fresh one. I'll not go poking along with a worn out horse and a spattered gig, like Dr. Grey." SECOND keadeh. 61 7. At this, little Georgie sprang up, and cried very earnestly, as if already i.^ the busine : Please brother Chariie, let me shoe all youi' I'orses, for I am going to be a blacksmith." d,!i>"" '"■"u*'*'^ ^^''eM, and Willie said, " I sliall never be ashamed of you, Georgie if Vou a.-e a good, honest blacksmith; but^ou mu, always wash your face and hands, before you come to my office." ^ 9- "Ye.s, I will, and put on mv Sundiv clothes," replied the good-natnrea littk fellow'^ JO. " Well, that is settled then, that father is to have a lawyer, a doctor, and a blacksmith in his family," said Willie. 11. Grandma sat all this time in her arm- chair, knitting away very fast on a little striped stocking. At her feet sat the family pet, Fred (lie, sticking pins in grandma's ball of yarn. 12. Ah I it was for his tiny, plump feetthat iieedlw " '^'" ^ "''" ""^ '^*''"' °''* '■'"'y'' 1 as not told what ho is going to be when a lUclll, ■,„.'/',.,'l° "°r" "i^f ""' ^"""' """Ping ''own, and taking Freddie in his arms. " What are you going to bo when you are a big man 'like I '^1 1 TXJt. 1 i!. '.J MSi 15. Freddie put his little arms around Willie's neck, and said, " when I am a great, high man, I'll be,-^ril b6— kind to my mother. " 16. " You darling boy," cried grandma, "that is a sweet little vision of your future. I would l-ather have yoii an humble working-man, with thife same affectionate heart, than see you cold and selfish in the seal of a judge, or even in the Governor's chair." \1. Willie and Charlie might be great and wise men in their professions, and yet be no comforttolhfiit-pat-eftts in their old age, unless they aveth at the same time loving and kind. Greatness alone makes ho One happy ; but good- ness, likfe 'the sun, sheds light and joy every- where. 18. Whenever, aifter this, my dear boys, you are laying plaiis for the future, always add to your plants and promises, sweet Freddie's words : " Wh^n I'm a man, I'll be kind to my mother I " Queetiotifl,— 'How many boys dre mentioned in this lesson ? Give their names. Which boy do you think is the eldest ? Why do you think so ? Which is the youngest ? Why?— II. Who was by, when Ihoy had this conversa- tion ? Where were they ? Why do you think they were in the house? In whose house were they ? What is a law- yer ? a doctor? a blacksmith ?— 5. What good act will Willie do, when he is a lawyer? What is meant by a widow ? nd Willie's high man, ima, "that . I would man, with you cold ven in the great and yet be no ge, unless and kind, but good- oy every- boys, you ys add to e's words : mother I " ined in this think is the 5 youngest ? 3 conversa- ley were in at is a law- )d act will y a widow ? ' I . i minw i.mi ii , i j > j . SECOND REAPER. 63 What is Charlie's idea of a doctor? Do you like little Freddie? Why? Is the fact that the other boys do not mention it, any • eason for thinking that they do not love their mother, or that they will not be kind to her ? What market the end of tho second paragraph ? Why is it there ? Lesson XXVII. THE POOR CHILD'S HYMN, • ■■ ' ' 1 ' ■ - ■• Fish'-er-men, n. men who live bv fishing. Her'-i-tage, n. an estate ; an inheritance . IG -NO-RANT, n. wanting knowledge ; unlearned. loiL-iNG, a. working hard. .1. We are poor and lowly born, With the .poor we bido ; Labor is our heritage, Care and want beside. 2. What of this ? our blessed Lord, Was of lowly birth, And poor toiling fishermen Were his friends on earth ! 4, i, k ■m if ii ^ SECOND READER. 3. We are ignorant and young, Simple children all ; Gifted with but humble powers, And of learning small. 4. What of this ? our blessed Lord I^oved such as me ; How he bless'd the little ones Sitting on his knee I ^\^-^ HI I THE SECOND READER. PAET SECOND. Lesson I. ON READING. r Stress, force; pressnre. OYL LABLE, a sound repre- sented by a single letter or by a union of letters. VOWEL, a simple sound j mat can be uttered with- out the aid of any other I sound. Judgment, the quality of aisting,.ishing propriety < irom impropriety. 'Partic'ular, one distinct irom others. Ev'mENT, plain; apparent. Precise', exact. Gare'less, negligent; heedless. Disagree'able, unpleas- in n> * ec J m 'ifj n fJi L SECOND READER. , r Ren'der, to make or cause to be. ^ Introduce', to bring in. S ^ Pronounce', to utter or articulate. Overcome', subdued. I Prescrib'ed, set down j directed. ^ : ; 1. Children are sometimes very careless in their manner of reading. TJiey do not reflect that It is a very pleasing thing to know how to read a lesson well. 2. Some children read so as not to be heard • others so as not to be understood by their hear- ers. These are faults which they should labor to correc 3. In order to become a good reader, the first thing to be attended to, is to pronounce each Wfir4 correctly. This will be learned from the ^^sUMlctions of your teacher. It may also be acquired by observing the manner >Si^ich educated persons pronounce their woi^s. * ' " 4. A child should endeavor to pronounce cov- rectly, while he is young. A bad habit ^ not afterwards easily overcome. 5 He ought to attend chiefly to the sound of the vowels, and to the syllables of eacu word on which the accent should be placed. Accent is a stress of the voice given to gome one syllable in particular. 6 Besides pronouncing correctly, you must also pay due attention to the pauses. Those ». -• IMIBWI 1 SECOVD READER. usually marked in books are the comma ( ) the 7. The rule sometimes given with regard to these pauses is, to pause at the comma whie you could say one ; a. the semicolon, whiteyou could count .„o; at the colon, Xe you could count three ; at the ;period, whi^le you could count four This mn,r c„ '^ rule. ^'•'^ raay Ber"e AS a general JJJ'^'V^^' '>°*''^^>-' other pauses, to which a good reader will always attand. ura ly connected, or convey the sense of the subject, and wUl unite them togethe.- w Ll a short pause aftpr t^aoh liffi ' ^ ' thus formed. * *"''"P "^^ *'"' and ad- *efore, re- fTicult for led here- requisite ' you. If rescribed orrectly ; Jl SECOND READER. to make the pauses which the sense of what you read requires ; and to give a stress of the vo'ce to the qualifying words of each member of your sentences,-you cannot fail to make ffreat progress in the art of reading. ^ rect .-3. What is the first thing to be done, in order to become a good reader ?-4. What is said .hZ ciation?^^ Tn u . , ^^ ^"°^* pronun- Tn! J ^^^* "^"^^^ ^^" ^^^d'^r attend chiefly ? pause at the comma, semicolon, dc. ?-9. What is to h« observed about the words connected by thi sen e/lio fu^ti nT 7 T^T"" ^'^" '''-' indicateTb ^u : mation?--li.-i2. On wnat does the length of this kind Of pauses depend ?-13.-14. What is to be observed wUh regardto the proper accentuation of words ? J WWch 1 are .he words that require an accent ?-What a(;cent do ' quahfymg words receive ?-18. What is emphasis^ Lesson JI. THE GARDEN. Names. leaf shape fruit tints paint'-er Qualities large six u'su-al much good Actions. mean use re-mind' ought w k '1 ^ 70 SECOND HEADER. flow'-er seg'-menls ex-ist'-ence iiu'tri-ment grat'-i-tude pret'-ty lit'-tle roiind'-ish beau'-ti-ful ex'-qui-site act'-ing pro-duce en-a'-ble pluck a-wa'-ken 1. Let us go into the garden. Here is a pretty flower. See, it has a large leaf; that leaf has I ( the shape of a bell, but it is cut by NaTure^ into SIX segments or parts. 2. When I say Nature, I mean God, who has made all things that we see. There is no such person or being as Nature. When I use the word Nature, in the way that I have done, you must understand that I mean God-acting accord- mg to the usual laws which He has appointed :'rj SECOND nEADER 71 3^ See how the large fruit rises in the middle thPv 'n / ■;, '°f '"'° '^' ''"'•' "-^"^ of ""B fruit ; hey are full of seeds ; the seeds are roundish hey would produce other flowers if they Tvere thrown into the ground. J.l,!\ \ ^ ^'■'"'' ''°^'"' ! <^o'l Jias made the could not produce one little flower. Look at its beautiful tints. No painter could give U such exquisite touches, or such delightful coloring 5. How good God is to clothe the flowers with so much heauty ! If He did not enable the elr h to give nutriment to the seeds we should have no such flowers. And yet how often do we 01 Him who gives them to us i 6. Every plant, every flower, every object around us, ought to remind us of God's good ness, and awaken our gratitude to Him. Questions.— I. What is a flowpr? r„.„ i, segments are some flowers cut»-2 Wl,j! "^ ""'"'' Nature!' 1 wi... • 7 • '""''° y^^ean by fe s o/fruuT wha^ fruu -What is to be found in the i^ens 01 iruit i*— What would seeds producp if iha.r . rw^'V'^ ^^-IM. Couidmrproduoe a fl'ow -5. Who clothed the flowers so beautifully ?-6 OfTa should every plant, every flower, 4c., remind us ? 4'. aUli! r;( < Lesson III. THE SEASONS. Names. storms scythes sic'-kles wear>/-er iields au'-tumn ship'-wreck shep'-herd fann'-er blos'-Foms as'-pect thun'-der iight'-ning QHalities. gioom'-y in-tense' cheer'-ful heav'-y green whit'-ish rich'-est* steadV chief sur-try pleas'-ant chil'-ly d read '-f 'J I Actions. with'-er shoots ploughs sows builds hatch re-new' he-gin' a-bound' as-sumes' cov'-ered at-tain' ri'-pen eat'-en 1. There are foui sea ms in the year; spriii- summer, autumn, and winter. °' 2 In spring, the farmer ploughs and sows liis helds ; the birds build their nests, lay cl^s and hatch them ; they had been silent in winfe; but now they renew their cheerful songs : the fruit trees are in blossom, and all nature assumes a gay aspect. 3. In summer, the weather gets very hot and sultry, the days are long, and for a week or two there is scarcely any darkness. SECOND HEADER. with leaves rndvli'l« T ""'' "" ^"^"'■^'i »"d stroag, shoots into he a f ' f T' ''""" """ ^^W"^'i Plants attain , Li f'ni?T'' '" the country assu„.es its nlZ^l' ' "" a.e\;rd:r;iS :t!r^%^---'Pe and "^"^^^^^ ^vitn scythes and 9z>Z7/'o tk« P'os are taken down from the tree ' - f """ ready lor being pulled. ' ^ ^""^^ 'or^d.J''.'h°°'''"''/"*^'' ^^ ^'S^''^^' and day af ■01 uaj , there are fewer of tliom ;>, .1 ^ ll'e leaves wither and Lit off °^''" ^" ' 8, The days are becoming short- -inH ti.^ u '« weather is for the most pa dVyand Tf the air becomes chilly at niiht ?>: and steady, safe nor so Pleasant ;■? ^ ' " ""Hier so at a late 3^^^"'-'^=' was u, summer to walk ■ntonse cold, With ho:r^fro^,te,sr;'\;nSef the n oon'st nos t'"1- ^'"°'"^' "'^'^''P' ^hon -.InS-tl^raS^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ f n i ■ff 74 SECOND READER. in which many shepherds and other people perish on tlie land 1 1 In all the seasons, we behold the effects of God's providence. We behold Him in the beauty and delights of spring time. We behold Him in the light and heat, the richness and glory of the summer months. 12. We behold Him in the stores of food, which He provi'^as for us hi autumn, that we may have enough co suppo: us in the cold and severe sea- son that succeeds. And we behold Him in .iie tempest of winter, when all nature lies prostrate before Him. 13. In all these, we l>ehold the most striking proofs of the power, and wisdom, and goodness of Him, who is the Lord of the seasons. Questions. — 1. How many seasons are there in tlio yoar ?— Name them. — 2. What does the farmer do in spring? — 3. What is to beobaerved about the weather in summfv? — 4. What ordinarily happens during summer? — 5. What is to bo found, at that time, m the cfardens and fields ? — 6 What ib remarkable about autumn ( — 7. What becomes of the flowers ? — 8. What diflerence is there be- tween autumn and summer, with regard to the weather? — 9. Where are llie chief comforts of life to bo found in winter? — 10. What renders it remarkable? — 11. What do we behold in every season? — 12 In what do wo be- hold God ? — 13. What do the seasons prove ? SECOND READER. 75 Lesson IV. THE FARMER IN SPRING. Broad -cast, ad, thrown at large by the hand. Har'-row, n. an instrument to be dragged over ploughed land. Hoe, n. an instrument used in gardening Marsh'-y, a. wet ; covered with water. Past-ure, n. grass for cattle. I rod'-ucts, n. productions ; things produced bv the land. ^ Rye, n. an excellent grain. 1. Here is a picture of the farmer at his work in the spring of the year. After the ground has become dry, the farmer ploughs his field for 76 SECOND REA.DER. the spring crops, and then prepares the soil for the seed. He sows spring-wheat, rye, oats barley, and other kinds of grain. 2. Sometimes he nses a machme called a drill, which is drawn by horses, and not only drops the seed in rows, hut covers it also. Sometimes he scatters the seed broad cast, and then covers it by means of a dray, or harrow, which is drawn over the land. 3. "With the hoe he plants corn, and potatoes, and cucumbers, and melons, and the seeds of many other vegetables, some of which grow in the fields, and some in the garden. Much of hi*^ Ume in spring is occupied in hoeing these vegetables. 4. He also ploughs some of his fields, in which he intends to sow wheat and rye in the fall of the year. These fields are called summer- fallows^ because they are left fallow^ or unsown, during the summer. But the farmer must leave some pasture for his cattle, and his sheep, and his horses, and also meadow-land for hay. 5. In the southern parts of the United States, the planter, or the farmer, raises rice on the marshy lands of the sea-coast. Large quantities of maize, or Indian corn, are also raised in the South; but cotton^ and .sw/^nmade from the sngar-cano, ! soil for re, oats called a not only it albo. as I, and harrow, potatoes, seeds of grow in Vluch of ng these leldS; in e in the summer- unsown^ list leave eep, and ay. tates, the i marshy 3f maize, i South; ^ar-canc, SECOND READER 77 are the most important of the southern plants. A large farm in the South is cdled a plantation. Questions.—!. Whatdoos the farmer after the ground has hecome dry? What does he sow?— 2. What do [ you call the machine the farmer makes use of to sow? —3. With what does he plant corn, potatoes, &e. ?— 4. What are summer-fallows ? Does the farmer plough all his fields ?— 5. What does the farmer, in the Southern. Slates? Lesson V EXERCISE ON WORDS. Text : ''■ The seeds of plants are given them for the purpose of producing other plants of the same kind." Question. — For what purpose are seeds given to plants ? Answer,— Fov the production of other plants of the same kind. Q. — What is a phnt? A.-— Any vegetable production, that is, any- thing that grows. Q. — Name some plants. A.— Maple, fir, birch, cabba(,js ose-tree, he.. Q.~— What do you call apbce planled with young trees ? I i: 'i I I if if A. — A plantation. Q. — What do you call a place planted with fruit-trees ? A. — An orchard. Q.— A Wild, uncultivated tract of land, with large trees ? A. — A forest. Q.— What now signifies land planted with vines ? A. — A viney;jrd. Q.— The fruit of the v'ne ? A. — Grapes. Q.— The juice of the grape ? A. — Wine, Q. — The time of making wine ? A. — Vintage. Q. — A person who sells wine ? A. — A vintner. Q.— Name a word which signifies sour wine ? A. — Vinegar. Q.— What part of speech is plant ? A. — A noun. Q. — Is it ever used as a verb ? A. — Yes ; as, to plant a tree. Q.— What is the person called who plants anything ? A. — A planter. Q.— What is the word which signifins '' to re- move a plant from one spot to another" ? SECOND READER. 79 A. — Transplant. Q. — To plant anew ? A. — ^To replant. Q.— To displace by craft? A. — To supplant. Q. — What is the meaning of flower ? A. — ^The blossom of a plant. Q.— What is the place called in which the llowers grow ? A. — A flower-garden ; a flower-bed. Q.— Name a word which signifies ; 1st, a small flower? A.— Floret; 2nd, to be adorned with flowers ? A.— Flowery ; 3rd, flushed with red like flowers ? A.— Florid; 4th, to be without flowers ? A~Floweriess ; 5th, a cultivator of flowers ? A.— A florist^ &c. &c. Q.— What is the meaning of the word give ? A. — To bestow. Q. — What is the person who gives called ? A. — A giver. Q.— The thing given ? A.—A gift. Q.— Another name for gift ? A.—A donation. Q.— The pei'son who gives the donation ? A.— A doner, &c., &c. Q.— A word which signifies to pardon ? A.— ■ To forgive. Q.—What part of speech is forgive? A.—A verb. m B^ IN: SECOND HEADER. I M Lesson VI. - INDUSTRY A TREASUHE. ^EARCH, 72. inquest: pursuit so..ewherrfnSe Sou jr '7 r"'" '^'''^^«" find the exact spot ' *°"^'' ^ °«vercouM you will not lose yot Tbo?; ' """ ^"^ *a; sons began to look for the treasure ' " '"' Jen. art. at he must his hed- I have it with the 'amily. t which I 'e hidden ver couJd is got in, Jure thai r laid in than his SECOND READER. gj crop that year than ever "' '"'"8" 7- At the end of the vear xvli,.,, .h counting their ff,-P-,t n r the sons were than thf otWsf sa P^il^ °^ "--- wiser was the treasure n> A JrtS"'" "'" ''' ""'y lis ii&eii a treasure. Lesson Vll. THE FARMER IN SUMMER. Drought, n. dryness ; want of rain Fre -QUENT-LY, ad. ofteii. Kas -ten, v. hurry Mar'-gin, 7j. side of the pai?e Star'-tle, t). alarm suddenly lHREAT.EN,tUndicate; foreshow Jaa^hiX^lSaChtS^-^ cuts it down with the scythe or wUh T' called a mower, which I ^IZT^J^: ^ ihe picture on the opposite oa^e of ^h f ^" man ,e seen cl„rS witatrr and others cuttuig it with a scythe ' J-!:'^ pi <' v.. 2 1 ! i Il i' ■ HH t: n W^M I' »i^H *.' lii !; li ;■>> : c 2, When the grass has been dried in the sun, it is called hay. The farmer rakes this fresh hay into windrows, sometimes with a hand- rake, but now more frequently with a rake drawn by a horse, and called a horse-rake. 3. Men pitch the hay upon wagons, and it is then drawn into the barn, and piled away on the hay-mow; or it ir, placed in an open field, in large heaps called hay-stacks. This hay is the food, or fodder, which is given to the cattle, and horses, and sheep, in the winter season, when they can no longer find any green grass in the fields. SKCONI) READKR. 83 4. TliG haying so ison is a busy time for the faririGr lie knows he must " make liay while the sun shines." Wnen the grass has been" cut down, and has become nearly dry, the hay will ])o much injured if it getswit. So the farmer must watch the clouds; and if they threaten rain, he must hasten to get the hay into the harn. 5. Now It may rain— rain— rain ; at the f unier cares not. Now he likes to see it rain. jHow green it makes the pastures, after the long drought! And the hay-stubble in the meadows b(>gins to look fresh again ! The " rain upon the roof" is a pleasant sound to the farmer. It would not be quite so pleasant if his hay were in the field. Questions.— 1. What does the farmer do when the grass lias grown to its full height ?— 2. What is hay '> With what instrument does the farmer rake the hay ?— 3. On what do men pitch the hay ? What do you call hay-slacks ? What food is given to the cattle in the win- ter?— 4 What would happen if the hay got wet ?— 5. What is Die effect of rain on the pastures ? Lesson VIII. ROADS AND RIVERS. An'-des, n. mountains in South America. Lhan'-nel, n. the course of a stream. M •m -ii '.■••mU: V'. .{- V. m op. ^^////, " . ^ '*»> / ^J ^ > eSr ^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. h :/- #. A 1 1.0 ^^ ^ 1.25 u i6 i« . „, A" O ► m ^Aj iV 5^^ '<^riV ^ A Sciences Corporation ;\ 29 WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4S03 "^' ms &^ §^ Cur -RENT, n. a running stream. txAN -GEs, n. the name of a river in India Is -SUE, V act of passing out Peo^ple, n. the body of persons in a com- munity. Pub'-lic, a. common ; general. Swol'-len, p. (from swell) ; to grow larger. 1 A road is an open way, or public passage from one place to another 2 Boads should be firm, straight, smooth, and level; they should be from thirty to forty feet in breadth, and have a raised path on each side six or eight feet broad, to secure people who' travel on foot, from the danger of being hurt by horses, cars, or coaches. They are made at the public expense. 3 The most remarkable of the Roman roads IS the Appian Way; it is twelve feet wide, and made of square freestone, the size of each beiii^? one foot and a half. Though it has lasted for above eighteen hundred years, yet, in many places. It is, for several miles together as entire as when first made. 4. A river is a current or stream of fresh water, flowing in a bed or channel, from its source into the sea. 5 Rivers proceed from the union of brooks or from lakes : these are formed by springs '^1 in a com- LessoiN IX. THE POTTERIES. Cox-TniTE', fj. to plan ; to invent. i)oiiBT, V. to hesitate ; to distrust, f f^iNT, n. a hard kind of stone rrmp' ""I' ^' ""^ ^^"^«^i^^«"ce or moment, "rived. ' '"^''"' ""' ^^^^ ingeniously con- II []-ni«'-i-NAL, a. first; primitive. 1 OT-TER, n. a maker of earthen vessels I f^HAPE, V. to form or mould. I . Who will say of anything that it is of no i»^e ? If there he anything of which we should which issue from the sides of mountains. Some rivers are swollen by rains or melted snow, as the NUe, the Ganges, and the Indus. , C. In the country of Peru and Chili, there are small rivers that flow in the day only because they are only fed by the snow of the AncLwhioh IS then melted by the heat of the sun. W?.r-^*'°"^r^- ^^'''' '^^^^' ^'^^'^ >'«^^ ^e^n reading ? ! wT ; ^'^^''''':^^' t^^« "^ost noble of the Roman roads ? -l What ,s a nver?-5. Whence do rivers proceed? snow ""Vr" "'"' '" ^"^"^" ^^ ^^'- - -elted now. -G. Where are small rivers, that flow only during llie day, to he found ? ^ curing (•■■■. . 'I. fi^i I i » I il I 86 SECOND READER. doubt whether it can ever become useful, im- portant, or elegant, one might suppose it safe to say so of a lump of clay. 2. There are many little boys and girls, who think china is china, and that is all they know about it. If some were shown the original clay, and if they were told, that knowledge and skill had contrived to work it up into anything so beautiful, they would hardly believe it. 3. However, the use of reading and seeing is, to learn what has been done ; and then perhaps persons m'ty become able to do something them- selves as good, or perhaps better than anything that has ever been done. 4. A piece of china, however, is not made of clay merely ; but flint ground to powder, and other substances, are mingled with the clay, to give it toughness to be worked, and hardness when finished. 5. The clay, wh\3n thus mixed, is shaped on a wheel, which is turned round very fast, by the potter's hand, or by a suitable machine. It is then put into a very hot oven, or furnace, in which it is baked. G. The manufacture of this, and of all other kinds of earlhcMuvare, is very extensively car- ried on in Staffordshire, a county in England. urnace, m Questions.— -1. Is there anything that is of no use?— 2. What is china, or porcelain made of ?— 3. What is the use of reading and seeing ?— 4. Is a piece of china made of clay merely ?~5. On what is clay shaped when mixed with flint-powder?— 6. In what county ia England is the manufacture of china carried on very extensively ? Lesson X. TOE FARMER IN AUTUMN. Au'-TUMN, n. the season between summer anil wmter. De-cay', v. to decline ; to rot. Drag, n. a net ; a kind of aledge. Har'-vest, n. the season for gathering in grain. PiCT -URE, n. a painting ; a likeness. 1 OLE, n. a perch ; a long slender piece of wood. 1. After the farmer has finished his summer harvest, he then ploughs over his summer- fallows and sows his winter wheat and winter rye, that is, wheat and rye that are to remain in the field during the winter, and be harvested the noxt summer. After the wheat is sown, it is covered with earth by the use of a drag, or bar row. Wheat and rye that are sown in the spring are called spring wlioat and spring rye. r O m Ir '*t t ; I ! ^. The fall-sown grain comes up before tlie winter sets in ; but if there is but lit' ; snow during the winter, and if the ground freezes and thaws often, the roots of the grain are apt to be thrown out of the earth, and the grain then dies. The farmer says it is lointcr-killed. Much snow, during the winter, is good for the wheat and rye, as it keeps the ground warm. 3. Having completed all this, he begins to gather in the apples, as shown above. They must be carefully picked from the trees. They must not be shaken off, for they would be bruised by the fall, and the bruising would cause them to decay. 4. After the winter apples have been carefully gathered, the trees are shaken, and cleared of their fruit ; or the. apples are beaten off with a pole. These remaining apples are picked up and sometimes carried to the cider-milL where they are ground into a soft pulpy mass. 5. The apples are crushed by a large wooden wheel, which is drawn around in a large cir- cular trough. When they have been crushed or ground fine, the pulp is put into presses, and the juice is pressed from it. 6. This fresh juice is the swee^ ciaer which most persons are so fond of ; but in a few weeks It becomes sour ; and if it be left exposed to the air. It will in time turn to vinegar. 7. And what merry times boys have, in the fall of the year; and not only the boys, but the squirrels also. After a few hard frosts the shucks of the hickory-nut, and the burc of the chestnut open, and their fruit falls to the ground Sometimes boys climb the trees, and shake off the nuts, or they beat them off with a pole Boys gather beech nuts, wahiuts, and butternuts also. I ■'^% ■i ■w «ri Gaily chattering to the clattering Of tile brown nuts downward pattering, Leap the squirrels red and gray, On the grass land, on the fallow, Drop the apples, red and yellow ; Drop the russet pears, and mellow ; Drop the red leaves all the day. Questions.— 1. What is the subject of this lesson? What aoes this picture represent ? What is tho farmer ROW doing ?— 2. What comes up before the wiutpr sets in ? What is then to be feared ? What comes after the fjill- 80 wing? Why must not the apple-trees be shaken?— 4. What is to be done after the winter apples have been gathered ?— 5. By what means are the apples crushed ?— 6, What is cider ? What do you call cider when it be- jomes sour ?— 7. Why do boys and squirrels have merry Jmes in the fall of tho year ? Lesson XL THE HARE AND THE TORTOISE. Ar-rive', v. to come to any place. Jeered, v. scoffed ; mocked. Laugh'-ed, v. to make that noise which sudden merriment excites. Mean'-while, ad. in the intervening time. Overtake', v. to catch by pursuit. Plod'-ded, v. toiled ; drudged. Tor'-toise, n. an animal covered with a hard shell. ^ V SECOiND RBADER. 91 1. A hare jeered at a tortoise for the slowness of his pace. But he laughed, and said that he would rua against her, and beat her, on any day she would name. 2. '^ Gome on," said the hare, " you shall soon see what my feet are made of."-~§o it was agreed that they should start at once. 3. The tortoise went off jogging along, without a moment's stopping, at his usual steady pace. 4. The hare, treating the whole very lightly, said she would first tal^e a little Qap, and thit she would soon overtake the tortoise. 5. Meanwhile the tortoise plodded on, and the hare, oversleeping herself, arrived at the goal only to see that the tortoise had got in before " Slow and steady wm the rac^r take a rest ?~4. What did the hare think about the good success of the race ?— 5 Which of tha * *"« &ood last at the goal ? ^^' '^' "^""'^ ^^ Iesson XII. LEARN YOUR LESSON. Les'-son, n. a task ; a precept. Brave, a. courageous; gallant; intrepid. .i^i U 'M >'k *1 . Lad'-die, n. a Scotch word for boy. Laugh'-ed, p. derided ; ridiculed. Count'-ed, p. (from count) ; numbered. Dunce, n. a thickskull ; a dullard ; a dolt. Cour'-age, n. bravery ; valor. Be-hind', prep, at the back of ; remaining after Glib -ly, ad. smoothly ; volubly ; quickly. Stu'-pid, a. dull ; insensible ; sluggish. i. You'll not learn your lesson by crying, my man You'll never come at it by crying, my man Not a word can you spy For the tear in your eye, So, just set your heart to it as brave as you can. 2. If you like your lesson, it's sure to like you, The words, then, so glibly would jump to your Each to its place [moa. (a) All the others would chase. Till the laddie would wonder how clever he g [grew. Oh ! who would be counted a dunce on a stool ? To gape like a gaby, or cry like a fool; Afraid for his turn Lest his dull ears should burn, [school. And be laughed at by all the small boys in the 1 3d. a dolt. aining after. Liickly. ig, my man, ny man, as you can. ike yon, imp to your [moa. (a) ' clever he [grew. on a stool ? ol; rn, [school, boys in the SECOND READER. 4. You may cry till you cry yourself stupid and And then not a word will remain in your mind ' But cheer up your heart, ' And you'll soon know your part, For all things come easy with courage behind. Lesson XIII. THE FARMER IN WINTER. Cat'-tle, n. beasts of pasture. Clime, n. climate ; region Goal, n. a combustible substance. 11 Farm'-er, n. one who cultivates land. Geese, ^i. plural of goose. Shrill, n. sharp ; piercing. Sign, n. a mark ; a token. Sport, n. mirth ; diversion. Starve, v. to perish with hunger. Warn, v. to caution ; to admonish. 1. After the corn-harvest, there is little for the farmer to do on his farm ; but sometimes he does not get through with the husking until it is bitter cold, and a few large snow-flakes now and then warn him that the Indian summer is over. 2. But there are other signs of approaching winter. Why does the farmer watch for the first ■■•;Ul m ■ii! M 111 m t ft I f: II i I i ittttmmittiiM 94 SECOND READER. flocks of wild geese, ducks, or crows from the North? When the northern lakes freeze over, the wild geese, ducks and crows leave them! and fly away to a summer clime ; and when the farmer sees them flying southward, in long lines, or hears their shrill voices at night as they pass in the air far above him, he knows that winter will soon come. 3. But are the farmer and the farmer's sons idle during the winter ? Are not the cattle, and the skeep, and the horses to be taken care of ? They would starve if no hay were given to them. So twice a day— in the morning, and just at sun- I set— the farmer and his sons go out to fodder the cattie, and the sheep, and to see that they are weil protected from the coid, and the storms of winter. 4. But there is more to he done than all this. The wheat, and harley, and oats, and other kinds of grain, are to be threshed out, and taken away and sold ; and the wood-shed is to be filled with firewood for anothei- year. Very few farmers burn coal. 5. Winter is the best time for study. Then the country school-house is filled with happy children busy with their lessons, but eager for play when school is over. For them, winter has its many healthy sports and amusements, among which are snow-balling, sliding down hill, or coasting, and sleigh-riding— with all its snow, and storms, and cold, there are many sunny days in winter; and winter is always a pleasant season of the year in a happy country-home. Summer is a glorious season, Warm, and bright, and pleasant ; But the past is not a reason To despise the present. So, while Heath can climb the mountain, And the log lights up the hall, There are sunny days in winter. After all. •Mtjij, Hl^ M m >\ I . X- • •• Queetioas.-l. What has the farmer to do after the winter --3. Aro the farmer anal the farmer's sons idle dunng the winter ?-4. What is to be done with the wheat study ? Are there any sunny days in winter ? Lesson XIV, SHA'N'T AND WONT Blithe, a. gay ; merry. Dis'-MAL, ((. gloomy ; dreary. Ctruff, a. coarse in voice : roueh. Scarce'ly, ad. hardly. Sha'-n'-t ip, shant), shall not. Stu'-pid, a. dull in mind. Stur'-dy, a. strong ; unyielding. ouL LEN, a. gloomy ; angry Ter -Ri-BLE, a. frightful ; very bad. Won't (p. wont), vi^iH not. 1. Sha'n't and Won't were two sturdy brothers Angry and sullen and grulf ; ^' Tin; and Will are dear little sisters, One scarcely can love tliem enough. 2. Sha'n't and Won't looked d. wi. on their nose. Their faces were dismal to see • ' Try and Will are brighter than roses, ' In June, and ns hiifii^ «« ^u^ i._- 3 do after the approaching sr's song idle ith the wheat, good time for SECOND READER, .3. Sha'nH and ]\on't were backward and stupid Little, indeed, did they know ; ' Try and Will learn something new daily, And seldom are heedbss or slow. ^ 4. SW/iV and WonH loved nothing, no, nothing, So much as to have their own way • Try and Will give up to their elders, And try to please others at play. 5 ?/^a'n7 and Won't came to terrible trouble, Their story is too sad to tell ! ^ry and Will are now in the school-room, Learning to read and to spell. Lesson XV MAKING MAPLE SUGAR A-bun'-dant, a. plentiful. As-cENDs', V. goes up. Man'-ner, n. way; mode ; method -'rough [trawf)^ n, a long hollow vessel 1. Mapio sugar is made from the sap of the I tree known as the sn-ar-maple ; muscovado is I made from the juice of the sugar-cane. .'"'ifl I I 2. In some parts of our country and the Unit- ed States, where the sugar-maple-tree grows, the farmer's first work in the spring is at maple sugar. 3. It is only in the spring, when the frost hegins to leave the ground, that the sap can be obtained, as it then rises from the roots of the trees, and ascends to the buds and leaves. 4. The following is the manner in which tno sap is obtained. A hole, about an inch deep, is bored into the tree, with an auger ; and a tube, sometimes made of the wood of the older, or of the sumach- or perhaps of pine, is then driv on veil in Through this tube the sap flows, some- times in slow drops, and sometmies in almost a running stream. 5. The sap is caught in troughs, or in wooden or bark buckets A pailful a day is sometimes obtained from a single tree. 6 The sap is carried into the sugar-house, which is a rude cabin in the woods, where the' maple-trees are abundant. 7. The farmer and his sons go around to the trees and gather the sap, which they take to the cabin, where it is poured into a large vat, or a cistern, ready to be drawn off into the boiler as it may be needed. Questions .-I. From what is maple sugar made? -2. What IS the farmer's first work in the spring ?— 3 When can the sap be obtained ?-4. In what manner is he sap obtained ?--5. In what is the sap caught ?-6 Where is the sap carried ?-7. What do the father and Jiis sons with the sap ? Lesson XVI. AIR, WIND, AND DEW. As-cENDs', V. mounts, or moves higher tjON-TAiNs', V. holds as a vessel. l^x-PANDs', V spreaas out every way lim -Ri-cANEs, n violent storms Mount'-ain. 7l raised "round OvLn.THuow> toth?owdown; to destroy. (1*=:; siii ..y ';ji I' ii Hi f it t. L 1. The earth on which we live is surrounded on all sides by air. 2. The air, with the vapors which it contains IS called the atmosphere. The higher we ascend into this atmosphere, the thinner the air becomes. On high mountains, it is much thin- ner than in the plains. The height to which the atmosphere extends, is between nfty and isixty miles. Above this there are neither clouds nor wind. ^ 3. The vapors, which rise continually from t.ie earth, and from everything upon it, collect in the atmosphere. They unite together, and produce ram, snow, fog, and all other changes of the weather. 4. Winds are air put in motion chiefly by means of heat. When any part of the air is heated by the rays of the sun, or by any other cause, it expands and becomes lighter. It then ascends, and the surrounding air rushes in to supply its place 5. When the wind is violent, it is called a storm,* when very violent it is called a hurri- cane. Storms and hurricanes sometimes uproot the strongest trees, overthrow houses, and lay waste large tracts of country. 6. The effects are not often seen in our coun^ try, but they are not uncommon in nfhpT^c t« I SECOND READER. 101 the West Indies, they sometimes destroy whole plantations. 7. What is called a high-ivind, moves at the rate of more than thirty miles an hour. In a hurricane, the wind is said to move one hun- dred miles in that space of time. 8. The watery vapors which ascend from the earth, during the heat of the day, being con- densed by the cold of night, fall down again, and this is called dew. 9. When the night is so cold that the dew is frozen, it is called hoar-frost, and the trees and grass appear as white as if they were powdered 10. The reason of this is, that when trees and other bodies are extremely cold, the vapors which fall upon them are changed into particles of ice. In very cold weather the vapors arising from our mouths are frozen, and, in that state, fasten themselves to our hair, in the same man- ner as the dew does to the grass. 9 ^"fr.*-"^"?-""*- By what is the earth surrounded?- 2. What IS the atmosphere? Is the atmosphere of the same thickness everywhere ?-3. What do unite(i vapors produce ?-4. What are winds ? By what are they put m motion ?-5. What is a storm ?-6. Where are the effectc! of hurricanes to be seen principally?—? What is ja high-^ind ?-8. What is deWi-^, What is hoar- frost ? :-l. i ''■■» ■ ■' 102 SECOND READER. Stuffing Lesson XVIJ. SILK. GAT'-EK-PiL-LAR,n.aninsectwhichdevoiiPsleaves. 1* ORT -NIGHT, n. the space of two weeks, MuL -BER-RY, n. a tree, and tfee fruit pf t^Q tree. Pierce, v. to penetrate ; to enter. Reel, n. a frame for yarn. Reg'-u-lar, a. according to rule Rib'-bon, n. a fillet or slip of silk. Sat'-in, n. soft, close, and sl^ining ^ilk. fcjiLK -WORM, n. a worm that spins silk. Wad -DING, n. a soft stuff used for garments. Wrapped, v. rolled together ; covered. i You have often seen silk and velvet. How smooth ^nd glossy tl^ey arp I From what are these rich cloths made ? 2. There i^ a little moth which looks much like a butterfly. It lays several hundred eggs about as large as pin-heads or mustard seeds These turn into silk-worms, or caterpillars, which, as soon as they are hatched, begin to eat and git)w. They are great eaters,~aU day long feasting on the tender leaves of the mulberry- tree. 3. After a number of days, each eilk-worm begins to spin a fine thread, either yellow or v^^hite, and from it weaves the case, or cocoon, ^^B" W .!. _ I LLj. SECOND READER. 103 ■ I . ■■ I i I I . II I I .. as it is called, in which the worm shuts itself up for ,^ long sleep 4. But how does the silk- worm spin the thread ? It spins the thread from two outlets near its mouth Of course the little spinners must writhe and twist them- selves around very much to shut themselves up in their prisons of gold and silver; hut God has taught them how to do it. 5. When the caterpillar has thoroughly wrapped it- self in the cocoon, it goes into a half-sleeping state for about a fortnight, or perhaps longer; then it Diirsts the cocoon, and comes out a gay moth, and flies away to live a short hut joyous life 6. But most of the worms are killed before tney become moths. Why are they killed ? The cocoons are placed m a heated oven, or over steam, long enough to deprive the poor worms of life, otherwise the moth would pierce the cocoon. ppH ipcf-o.] .p ^ .■ !;^ ■ 'V ' one long and regular thread, would leave no- thing but a mass of silk-wadding. 7. After the worm is dead, the thread is wound upon a reel, to be woven into rich, cost- ly fabrics,--silks, satins, velvets, and ribbons. 8. You would cry out if you saw a caterpillar on your silk dress or your velvet cloak ; but if it could speak, it might say, *' It's mine, it's mine; 1 made it; it is part of myself; it was stolen from me." Questions.— I. From what are silk and velvet made ? —2. How many eggs does the moth lay ? Into what are the eggs turned ?~3. What do the silk-worms spin after a num- ber of days ?— 4. How does the silk-worm spin the thread ? —5. What becomes of the silk-worm after it has wrapped itself in the cocoon ?— 6. Why are most of the worms killed before they become moths ?— 7. Into what is the thread woven ? Lesson XVITI. GRAMMAR. At-ten'-tion, n. heed ; act of attending. Ex-PRESs', V. to signify ; to represent. Dub'-lin, n. the capital of Ireland. Pos'-si-BLY, ad, by any power existing. Qual'-i-fy, v. to modify ; to make fit. Schol'-ar, n. a pupil; a student; a man of science. Id leave no- B thread is rich, cost- d ribbons. 1 caterpillar ik ; but if it mine, it's lelf ; it was velvet made ? what are the n after a num- II the thread ? has wrapped i worms killed is the thread ig- a man of 1. It is now time that you should know some- Inmg of grammar. 2 The use of grammar is to teach us to speak and write correctly. 3 All the words you can possibly use, are di- vided into ten classes : these classes are some- times called joam of speech. 4 It is not hard to distinguish them, and to tell to what class each word belongs ; but it re- quires some attention. 5. The names of persons, places, and things, are called Nouns ; as, John, Canada, book. 6. Words which express the qualities of nouns 01 pronouns are called Adjectives ; as, a qood boy, a sweet apple. 7. There is another class of words called Verbs ; these express to be, to act, or to be acted upon; as,Gode5; John reads; James is ruled. 8. Words which contain the essential mean- mg of verbs, and commonly denote action, or imply time, are called Participles, They can be known by observing their derivation from verbs and then placing them after to be or having • as' to be loritlng, having written , to be loved, hav- ing walked, kc. 0. If I tell the manner in which John reads • as, John reads well; the word well is called an Adverb, because it is joined to the verb reads Fij Adverbs are also joined to adjectives^ participles or other adverbs : as, a very good boy , hence, very is an adverb^ because it modifies the ad- jective good J &c. 10. When the same nouns require to be repeated^ other v^ords are sometimes used in their steady and arc, therefore, called Pronouns, because a pronoun is a word used instead of a noun: Thus, when I say, John reads well; he is the best scholar in the class ; the word he is a pronoun^ because it stands in place of the noun John. 1 1. There are other words called Prepositions : these are placed before nouns and pronouns, to show the relation, between them ; as, I sailed from Dublin to Cork in a steamer. 12 Such words as connect words or sentences together, are called Conjunctions ;-as,You and i will go to the country, but Peter must stay at home. 13. Interjections are words which express sudden emotions of the mind ; as. Oh, what a fine flower ! 14. The Articles are easily known ; there are but two of them, a or an and the. 15. Now you know how to distinguish the different classes of words; let me hear what each class means. 1 An article is a word placed before a noun, to show the extent of its meaning. 1 : there are 3re a noun. ^^2. A mm is the name of any person, place, or 3. An adjectm is a word joined to a noun or pronoun to qualify or define its meaning 4 A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun 5. A verb is a word which expresses to be to act, or to be acted upon. ' 6. A participle is a word derived from a verb participating the properties of a verb, and of an adjective or a noun ; and is generally formed by adding tng, of, or ed, to the verb. 7. An adverb is a word joined to a verb, a par- ticiple, an adjective, or another adverb, to ex- press time, place, degree, or manner. ^ 8. A preposition is a word placed before nouns and pronouns, to show the relation between them. 9^ A conjunction joins words or sentences to- gether. 10^ An interjection is a word which expresses a sudden emotion of the mind. Lesson XIX FLAX. I Dried, v made dry; freed from moisture. [Har -^VEST-iNG, V. the act of gathering in the bar- •;• ^ Hatch'-el, n. an instrument for combing flax Lain, p. (from lie,) to be in a state of rest. Lin'-en, n. cloth made of lint or flax. Rinsed, v, washed; cleansed by washing. Roots, n. one of the organs of vegetatio?i. 1. The nttle flax- plant bears pretty blue flowers A field of flax in blossom is a very gay sight 2. When the plant IS ripe for harvest- ing, the work-people pull it up by the roots, and lay it in water to soak. 3. This is done in order to dissolve the gum which holds the fibres of the bark together. The fibres of the slender, deli- cate stem are the parts to be spun into thread and woven into cloth. 4. When the plant has lain long enough in water, it is taken out, rinsed, and dried. Then it is beaten and combed. The large comb or SECOND READER. 109 hacchel separates the long fibres from the short ones v'hich we call tow. The flax now looks very much like long, light-colored hair. linen Hnth'^''' T' '''^' '^'''^^ ^^^"^ ^^^^^^ Unen-cloth is made. ih. li . , . P'*°' '' "''"' ^'>«' '« done ? Why is u,,. Iried f What are the short fljbre. called r What do the .n,^«b^^looUllce«.Tel..ewhat.l„dorclo.h1:| Lesson XX. OBJECT-LESSON ON GOLD. PROPERTIES OP GOLD, Teacher.— What have I here ? Class.— A goJd ring. J''^^\ •' "°?^^ '^''^' ^"* *^« substance of llitfwhTl n'r''^^'"**" ^P^^kof. What IS It ? What shall I write upon the blackboard ? C. — Gold, , ^"~'^?.'l^!''^ of the three natural kingdoms does gold belong ? ® C.—To the mineral kingdom. J.-Tell me what properties or quahties you Know gold to possess. ^ inl I %f i C— It is hard, yellow, smooth, shining, heavy and dry. ^ f.— Can I bend it easily ? a—No ; it is stiff, r.— If I let it fall, will it break? C. — No; it is hard r.—Glass is hard, but it will break very easi- ly ; you must think again C. — It is tough. r.— That is right j but instead of using the word tough, we say it is tenacious, which means exactly the same. Can you see through gold ? C. — No ; it is solid. f.—Right and wrong at once : you are right in saying " no, " and right also in saying gold is solid, for that is one of its properties : but not right in saying you cannot see through it b()cause it is solid : glass is solid ; but surely you can see through it. Try again. C. — It is thick, dull — r.— Neither word will do, for we may use them both in describing a transparent substance When we cannot see through a substance we call it opaque: when we can see through it, we call it transparent. Is gold, then, opaque or transparent? C. — It is opaque T. — If I should put a pioco nf rrnLj Jj^jq j]jg fire, what would bo the consequence ? ning, heavy, || ik very easi- >f using the 'hich means >ugh gold ? m are right saying gold aerties : but through it but surely e may use t substance bstance we ough it, we opaque or into the SECOND READER. Ill C. — It would melt. T:— The word which describes that property is fusible Gold does not lose, either m weight or value, by being melted ; therefore it is called a perfect metal The only other perfect metals are silver and platina. Now take this ring and look on the inside, and tell me what you notice C. — It is stamped. r.— If gold will receive a stamp, what property must it possess? You can't tell? Another word for stamp is impression , now try C.—li is impressible. r.— Right. Gold can be beaten out into leav- es or sheets so thin that they will hardly bear breathing upon ; what word would you use to express this quality ? C. — Tenacious. r.— No ; if gold were not tenacious it could not be beaten out, certainly; but woolen cloth is tenacious, and you will all agree that it would be useless to try to hammer that to increase its size : the wod we want is malleable. Gold is also ductile, o» capable of being draivn out into wire finer thai a human hair. The gold-lhread used by the :sraelites and Egyptians iu their fine embroide-y, was the solid metal beaten out very fine, ant tlion rounded . we now use r silken throndwilh a gold coalin nr as a s iibsti 112 SECOND LEADER. tute. We will close the lesson for to-day at this point ; to-morrow we will speak of the uses of gold; and how, and where it is found. You may now read, from the blackboard, the proper ties of gold. C~Gold is hard, yellow, smooth, shining, heavy, dry, stiff, tenacious, solid, opaque, fusil ble, perfect, impressible, malleable, and ductile. ^ Lesson XXI. COTTON. Bale, n. a package or bundle. Blos'-som, 71 the flower of a plant. Gul|-ti-vat-ed, V produced from the soil. Gal -i-co, n. a kind of printed cotton cloth. bHRUB n a woody plant not so large as a troo. bouTH -ERN, a. relating to the south Spin'-ner, n. one who spins. Trou'-sers, n, loose pantaloons. Weav'-er, 11. one who works at a bom. 1. Cotton grows upon a shrub, which is cul- tivated in the southern pai-t of theUnited States and in some other warm countries. 2. If the seed is sown early in tie spring, the plants will come up and in a few months grow taller than you arc. Then it pits out pretty white blossoms, aiut n^, coon no iU^,^. C^^^ .^n> J s.„ ...js_.,. „o tiicfc i.a.i.1 uii, yUli SECOND READER. 113 see a little pod left in the place where the flower —as. 3 This pod grows bigger and bigger till it was. \ becomes as large as a small egg, and, when ripe, It bursts open. Then what do you see ? It is quite full of white cotton, just like soft, fine wool, and in the middle of this wool are the seeds. 4. The soft down must then be picked from tlie pods, the seeds must be taken out, and then It IS done up in large bales and sent to the mill. 5. There the spinners spin it into varn. and j the weavers weave it into cloth, which is used \ c. \ i ■4 -,. I 114 SECON-D READER to make pretty dresses for girls , coats and trousers for boys, and, indeed, all sorts of clothes Questions. -I. Where does cotton grow ?-2.What kind of blossoms does the cotton-plant bear ? — 4. What is in the pod when it is ripe ? Tell me what is done with the soft down ?— 5 What is made of cotton cloth? Can you tell me something besides cotton that may be made into cloth ? Lksson XXII. GOAL. Hoist ed, v. raised ; elevated. MiN *ER, n. one who works in a mine Per -fect, a faultless ; complete. Pe -ri-od, n. a number of years ; a long time. Thou -sand, n. ten hundred. Won -der-ful, a. very strange ; astonishing. 1 . Goal comes from deep pits which men dig in the earth. Gan you tell me what coal is made of ? 2 III a far-off time, — thousands of years ago,— the country in which coal is dug was covered with great forests, through which the birds flew and whistled their songs all day long. 3. These forests sunk down, and in the course of a long period of time passed through great chanj^es They were crushed toe-ether and be- ? Can you tell me made into cloth ? SECOND READER. 115 came quite black and hard, and now form our coal. 4. Yes, that hard, black lump of coal which you see on the fire was once part of a beautiful tree, covered with green leaves and havm- birds' j nests on its branches. 5. It is wonderful, yet it is true ; for large I pieces of trees are found quite whole and perfect ' just as they had grown, and as hard as a stone ' in fact, lumps of coal. ' C. A great many men and boys work in the coal-pits, or mines, away down in the earth where the sun never shines. There by the light of lamps they dig the coal and break it into large pieces. ° j 7 When they have broken oft' a good deal of coal. It IS hoisted to the top of the pit by ropes and chains. ^ 8. The miners use horses down in the mines to draw the cold to the mouth of the pit. Often the poor animals are kept there all their lives riiey never see the green fields nor the sun's light. Questions.-l. From whence does coal come ?_ 2 Znl 'f w^' '';' country covered thousands of years fr.7: """^^ was produced in those forests? -4. Of what was that hard, black lump of coal once a part ? -J. In what state are large jneces of trees to he found ? -b. ^Vhowork in the coal-pits? Dy what meanscanmen m -m f.m i(^- iil rif i mi who work in coal-mines, see ? — 7. When miners have brok 7^. cffa good deal of coal, what is to be done ?— 8. What do miners make use of to draw the coal to the mouth of the pit ? Lesson XXIII, THE BLACKBOARD AND CHALK. • 1. « Learned sages may reason, the fluent may talk, But they ne'er can compute what we owe to the chalk. From the embryo mind of the infant of four, To the graduate, wise in collegiate lore ; From the old district school-house to Laval's proud hall. The chalk rules with absolute sway over all. 2. Go, enter the school-room of primary grade. And see how conspicuous the blackboard is made The teacher makes letters and calls them bv name. And says to the children, '* Now do you the same ; ?> Mere infants, you see, scarcely able to walk, But none are too feeble to handle the chalk wise Pestalozzi I we place on thy brow A coronet, bright and unfading; for thou A legacy rich hast bequeathed unto men Our one feeble talent by thee is made ten ■ We prize thy rare gift, but we never may know How much to thy matchless invention we owe, 4 Chalk ! what a powerful monarch thou art ! In this age of reform, how important thy part Those minds that are swaying the world unre- strained, la childhood and youth in thy empire were trained , Of the wonderful ''power of the press" we may talk— ^ It never can vie with the blackboard and chalk. An engine so powerful, so mighty to aid- So simple in structure, so readily made, A helper so potent in training the young— Tis meet that thy praise by the muse should be sung ; For, though sages may reason, and orators talk, They can ne'er '' make their mark" without IL hlarkhnarrj qiiH r>h .oil, xaixv. h^ u H Lesson XXIV. TEA. Ghopp-'ed, v. eiit ; minced into small pieces. Cot- tage, n. a hut ; a small house Faul-'ty, a. having faults ; defective Gath-'er, v. to collect; to pick up; to assemble. 1 ALM (pam), n. the inner part of the hand. Pep-'per, n. a plant , pungent seed or spice Raised, v. lifted up ; erected. Sprouts, n. shoots of a plant ; germs Stirred, v. agitated ; moved Strain-'ing, v. making violent efforts. Worth, n. the value of anything ; price 1. Tea is the leaf of a plant which grows in China and Japan. If you were in China, you would see the sides of some of the hills covered to the tops with the tea-shrnbs, growing, not In large fields, but in small garden-plots 2 Each of these plots is some cottager's tea garden. What he does not use he sells to buy food and clothing for his family. 3. The tea plant is raised from seeds. The sprouts have to be tended and weeded for three years, and then the planters gather their first crops of leaves They are plucked three times every year. 4. After the leaves are carefully picked from the shrub,, they are dried in iron pans over a fire While drying they are stirred quickly, pieces. ) assemble, land, spice ice I grows in jhina, you Is covered ing, not in ager's tea 3lls to buy eds. The eeded for ther their ked three ;ked from ns over a [ quickly, SECOND READER 119 I 3^' -n as taey begin to crack they are laiieu . , -id spread upon a table. 5 Th^ .ne work-people roll them in the palms of their hands to press all the juice they can out of them. ^ 6 After the leaves have been rolled, they are put into the pan again over the fire. There hey begin to curl and twist, and at last they look as we see them in fbta n^,,^^-„ ^xtk ^ -1. »iiivj vwuntry vv nen * r ? dried, the faulty leaves are picked out, and the tea is then ready to be passed into the chests 7 Long ago^hen tea was very dear, and but little used, there lived an old woman whose son was a sailor His ship traded with China, and he brought back some, tea, as a present to his old mother 8 Of course she was pleased to get it, and invited her friends to come and .taste the won derful stuff. She boiled the tea, and after strain- ing off the water , which she threw away, chopped up the tea-leaves, and mixed them with pepper, salt, and butter 9. Her friends were greatly surprised that rich people should spend their money on such bitter " greens." Questions. — I "What is tea,and where does it grow ?-2. If you were in China, what might you see ?-3 What is done with the leaves after they are picked ?— 4 Tell me all you knr-v. about the way that tea-leaves are made into tea as we see it in our country —5 Who can tell the story about the woman and her present of tea ? Lesson XXV SUGAR. Moulds, n. models , shapes. Syr' UP n, a vegetable juice boiled with sugar. Ma' PLE, a. relating to the maple-tree out, and the he chests lear, and but n whose son L China, and 'esent to his ' get it, and 3te the won after strain- irew away, i them with prised^ that ley on such oes it grow ?-2. What is done 'ell me all you ide into tea as ^e story about th sugar. ^'^'^^Ocea^' ^ ^^^"^ ^^ islands in the Atlantic Mo-LAs'-sEs,.w a syrup which drains from sugar bUG-AR, n a sweet substance obtained from the juice of the sugar-cane. 1 Sugar is made from a tall plant, called the sugar-cane^ which grows in the West Indies and m other .hqt lands The canes are planted in rows, like beans In a garden It is really a grass, though it does not look much like grass. A field of canes when in blossom, presents a beautiful sight. The stem when ripe presents a bright golden hue, and the flowers appear like a plume of white feathers tinged with lilac. 2. When ripe for use, the canes are cut off near the roots. They are then pressed between heavy iron rollers, till all the juice is squeezed out and falls into a tub. The juice is then put mto a boiler with some quick-lime ; the oily particles rise to the surface, ^nd are skimmed off. 3. This sweet juice is then boiled till it be- comes a thicJi .syrup. Afterwards it is put into large tubs to drain. What drains out is mo- lasses ; what remains in the tub is a moist brown sugar. 4. Loaf-sugar, which is white and hard, is made from brown sugar by boiling and cleansing It. While It is soft it is run into moulds. It is ::"->. 'Illmi II''. i* <■• (.l^;J7«t*l.pii ii Bfl I Ii I I sometimes cut into lumps and sold in this form The planter is the person who cultivates the sugar-canes. The merc/iaw; imports it. l^hQ sugar refiner converts it into white sugar. And the grocer retails it in small quantities. 5. Sugar is also obtained from beet-root and 111 some parts of this country a great deal is made, as has been already said, from the sap of a tree called the sugar-maple. Lesson XXVI. COFFEE. A-ra-'bi-a, n. a country in Asia. Ber'-ries, n. fruit containing seeds. . Bra-zil , n. a large country in South America. C.HER- RiEs, n. small stoned fruit. Clus-^'ter, n. a number of flowers growing to- gether ; a bunch of flowers. G0F-.FEE, n. a berry, and the drink made from it OrLos- SY, a. smooth and shining. Ja-Va (Ja-Va), n. a large East India Island, Per- fume, n. a sweet odor. Plan-ta-'tion, n. a cultivated tract of land : a large farm. • ' Van-'ish, v. to disappear ; to go out of sight. ' 1. Coffee is the fruit, or berry of a tree. The little trees which bear these berries grow in Ja- va and in Brazil, and in some other warm countries. i of land : a SECOND BEADEn. 123 a. The plants are set out in rows When they become frees and are in full bloom, thev shLI^nf "' ?''""'"°" 1°°'^^ then as if a Shower of snow had just fallen on the glossv dark-green leaves. Gay butterfl.es are flutter from tr"' ''' }"'""'"''' ^"'^ --^'^'"^ ^we ts irom the pure white blossoms. I 4. The air is filled with a sweet perfume, which the flowers give forth as long as they live ; but this is only for one or two days. 5. After the flowers fade and vanish the ber- ries appear. At first, they are green, but they soon change to a dark-red, and look like small cherries Then they are ripe, 6. Each berry contains two seeds, which are called cofi-ee-beans. When the berries are ripe they are shaken off the trees or picked off" and put out in the sun to dry. ' 7 The husks which cover the seeds are bro- ken by means of large, heavy rollers. Then the cofi'ee-seeds are again dried in the sun, and afterwards they are packed in bags or casks, to be sent away to mu- comUry and to other parts of the world. 8. But before we get our cup of nice coff'ee, the seeds have to be roasted over a fire, and ground in a mill. The cofi^ee is then ready for the coffee-pot. Coffee was first brought from Arabia. Questions.— I. What is coffee?— 2. What kind nf nowers grows on the cofTee-troe ? -3. What b then t ^e an pparance of the coffee plantation ?^L X is the cffS 01 the flowers on the air ?-5. What appears after the flowers Cvcontfn?' T^^'^'-'- "ow'Lny seeds doesTad iM3rry contain ?— 7. By what means are the husks that cover 8 "wlnn^? I ^?'^^ H ^!?^" ^°"« ^'^^^ '^>« coffee leaves — S. What IS to be done before the coffon is rpn,iv r.„ n,« conee-pul? From what country was coffeo first biiught ? rnn/1 V f/m 1 Ua SECOND READER. 125 Lesson XXVII. FACTS FOR LITTLE FOLKS. Bark. Cork. Cow. Flour. Grape. Juice. Leap. Milk Oil. Pork. Silk. Sow Sponge. Straw. Tea. Wool. pronounce in syllables: BuT'-TER. Gather'-ed. Lin'-en. Prepar'-ed Can'-dles. Hon'-ey. Pa'-per. Worst'-ed Tea is prepared from the leaf of a tree • Honey is gathered and made by the bee. Butter is made from the milk of the cow : Pork IS the flesh of the pig or the sow. The juice of the apple makes cider so flne : ihe juice of the grape makes red and white wine. Cork is the bark of a very large tree - • Sponge grows like a plant in the deep, deep sea. Oil is obtained from flsh and from flax • dandles are made of tallow and wax. ' Linen is made from the fibres of flax • Paper is made from straw and from rags. Worsted is mnrln fi'nrr. llf/^y^^ „^r» „„j , ^ . - •■■■^^ rrvt^i DUiL cuiu warm : feilK IS prepared and spun by a worm yr-f t'y i^ !**■ PJll Pi' II I t Lesson XXVIII. THE BOOK OF NATURE. A-bove-, prep, in a higher place. Be-low pr^p. under in place, time, or dignity Eye, n. the organ of vision. "^b^iiy- Heart, n. the seat of life. Lore, n. learning ; instruction. Pure, a. guiltless ; clear ; genuine ; real 1. The-e is a book, who runs may read, Which heavenly truth imparts ; And all the lore its scholars need,' Pure eyes and christian hearts.' 2. The works of God above, below, ■ Within us, and around. Are pages in that book to show, How God Himself is found. ' 3. Thou, who hast given me eyes to see, And love a sight so fair ; Give me a heart to find out Thee, And read Tiieo everywhere :E. or dignity. real. read, ;s; s. • see, THE SECOND READER, PART THIRD. Lessqn I. THE CREATION. A-round', prep, abo t ; near to. ^AiR, a. beaulirul. Mi(iHT'-Y,«. strong; powerful. I Fmaise, n. commendation ; honor. Ska, 11. the ocean ; a hirge body of water. ^ONG, n. a hymn. VVui.LD,?Mho earth; Iheglo^e; mankind. m ;.. jli it m n llfi 128 SECOND READER 1. 'Twas God who made this world so fair The shining sun, the sky, the air ; ' 'Twas God who made the sea, the ground, And all the things we see around. 2. When He began this world to make, These are the mighty words He spake • '' Let there be light ! " His voice was heard And then the light of day appeared. ' 3. The angels saw the light arise, And with their praises filled the skies : ^ How great our God ! How wise ! How strong I » Such is their never-ending song. Lesson H. SACRED HISTORY. From the Creation of the World to the general Deluge. ' Fm'^AMENT, the sky ; the heavens. Mem ORY, remembrance , the power of recol- lecting things past. Understand'ing, the intellect ; tHat faculty which conceives ideas, and which j Knows and judges. I EtER'nITY. dlirat.inn w;fV,rK,,f ..,1-1 ,- TT2t.ii\jni (.:iltl. SECOND READER. 129 S o o ( Fi'ery, flaming— flame-like. - 1 if'^^,^^''^^^^ never to die; perpetual. ■§ < Miserable, unhappy; wretched. Pure, unmixed ; simple or unconlpounded. I. lEN DER, kind ; comi}assionate. f Cease, to leave off. Adore', to worship; to honor hiehlv - Revolt'ed, rebelled. Crush, to bruise. , Separate, to part ; to disunite. 1 God existed from all eternity He was in- finitely happy in Himself, and could derive no advantage from the existence of creatures. He was infinitely powerful, and could do whatever He pleased. It was He who created all things that we see or hear of ; the sun, the moon, stars, fishes, birds, beasts, angels, and men The Holy Scripture teaches that He made this world and all it contains, in six days ; and that on the seventh day. Ho rested from his labors, that is. He ceased to make any new creature. On the first day, God made the light. On the second day, He made the firmament. On the third, He separated the dry land from the waters, after which Ho created the plants and trees. On the fourth. He made the sun, moon, and stars. iAhI m ' :j r. Ml SECOND READER. Oa the fifth, He made the birds of 'the air and the fishes that swim la the waters. ' Oil the sixth, He made the different ivinds of animals ; and, last of all, He made man. 2^ To man He gave.- '^^morcal soul, made to his own image an. .eness, gifted wUh memory, understanding, and will, and destined to enjoy eternal happiness. He created him in his grace and friendship ; and if man hadTon Unued faithful to God, he never would have" died, but would, after a certain time of trial have been carried up alive into heaven. ' 3. God also created the angels, who wer» pure spirits to adore and enjoy «im forever" The precise time of their creation is not exactlv known. Some of them revolted against Go ' were condemned to hell, and are now called dev- lis or wicked spirits. Such as remained faithful are "ow happy with God, and will continue so forever. Some of them are given to us as guard lans and protectors, and are therefore called guardian angels. They inspire us with good and holy thoughts, and assist us to overcome the temptations of the wicked spirits, who continu! ally seek our ruin. 4. The first man was named Adam, from whose side God took one of his ribs, and formed It into a woman, who was -niio^ r.. hem we have all descended. Thev are there, fore called our first parents. God placed them .n the garden of paradise ; and to remind them that He was their Lord and Creator, He com- manded them not to eat the fruit of a tree, called the tree of the knowledge of good and evil H« also warned them, that in whatever day they I eat of It, they should die. One of the wicked spirits appeared to Eve under the form of a serpent, and persuaded her to eat the forbidden fruit, te hng her, that by doing so, she would become Ike God, having the knowledge of good and evil. Eve suffered herself to be deceived by him ; she eat of the fruit, and then gave it to Adam, who also eat of it. God immediately pro- nounced sentence of death upon them, and drove them from the garden of paradise, placing an angel with a fiery sword at the entrance, to pre- vent their return > !■ o 5 By this crime of Adam, sin and death entered into the world ; all his descendants were stained with his guilt, and we should be for- ever miserable, if God in his tender mercy did not provide a Redeemer. This He promised fo do for He no sooner reminded our f.rst parents of heir guilt and its punishment, than He com- forledthem bydeci.nng that the seed of the ^r-..x..ua ^auiuu urusii ine serpent's iiead. The i . :!f Ji 132 SECOND READER. meaning of these words was, that one should descend from the woman, who would deliver mankmd from sin, death, and the power of the devil. Questions.-l. What was the great visible mani- festation of the power of God ? A. The Creation. Who were the fif St man and woman, not born, but created ? A Adam and Eve. Lesson III. SACRED BmTOnY.-^iContinued). ^ \ ten ^?r^'/ leaning or tendency towards . ^E RiOD, time, or epoch. [anythine I i Passion, any violent emotion of the mind! CO <4i >§ Spe'gies, a kind ; a sort. LGu'bit, measure of eighteen inches. Jealous, angry; at rivalship. bEN ERAL, relating to the entire. -- < An'gry, provoked. s Whole, all ; the entire. L Wick'ed, vicious ; morally bad. ' Decline', to lean ; to fail ; to decay. to hN VIED hated for ones excellence. Kegord ED, registered, or enrolled. INHER iT,to possess as an heir. [families L Intermar'ry, to marry mutually between 1. By the fall of our first parents, all man- kind are born in sin and ignorance, accompanied I with a strong inclination to evil. i SECOND BEADER. 133 aL 1[ '""' ^' °^ ^"^""^ ^'»^e Gain and Atel. Abe. was a good man, and a friend of HpI .\^T f * ^^^y jealous disposition. He env.ed his brother on aeconnt of his virtue and suffered Ms passion .to become ,so stiong that in the end, he shed his brother's blood Hi^ children inherited their father's vices, and be! came a very wiclied race. 3. Adam had a third son, named Seth. He was a good man, and the father of a very vir- tuous race, but they intermarried with the des- cendants of Cain, and then became as wicked as the rest. The -corruption became so general hat the name and worship of God were scarcely known upon earth. God was angry, and re- solved to destroy all mankind by a delude re the earth. He commanded Noe to build an ark and to take with him into it a couple of birds and beasts of every species. The ark was LSgir^' '"''^*" ""''', ' ^""'^''^'^ y''"'' "> 4. When Noe and his family, that is, him- self, hib wife, and his three sons, with their wives were .safe in the ark, God poured down rain on' Uie earth for forty days and nights togetlier. T e water covered the whole earth, and rose lateen cubits higher than thp hio-ho=. „„..,,...•_ It continued at its greatest height about six ■' '^y^ •:% P3f' ml ]■•! M 134 SECOND READER. months, and destroyed every living thing, except what was in the ark. The water then began to decline, and at the end of six months mor^'e the earth was again fit for the reception of man. 5. Noe now came out of the ark, and the first thing he did was to build an altar, and offer sacrifice to God, to thank Him for his preserva- tion. 6. The flood happened in the year of the world 1656. From the creation of the world to this period, the knowledge and worship of God were preserved in the families of the Patriarchs. Pa^ triarch is a name given to the head of a tribe or number of families. The names and age' of these Patriarchs are recorded in the Holy Scrip, ture. They were ten in number. Adam, created Seth, 130 Enos, 235 Gainan, 325 Malaleel, 395 born, died. aged. 930 1042 1140 \nb 1290 930 912 905 910 895 Jared, 460 born. died, aired. Henoch, 622 Mathusalem, 687 I65G 909 Lamech, 874 IG5i 777 Noe, 1059 2006|950 1422 962 * Henoch " walVe.j with God and was seen no more • h- cause God took him"_when he was 365 years oR ' Questions. —How long did Adam live?— A 930 years.— xName Adam and Eve's first children ?— A Gain and Abel.-What chief duty of religion aid they perform^ —A. They ofl'(3red sacrifice to God. ar, and offer is preserva- rn, died, as-ed. SECOND READER. Lesson IV. THE HAIL iMARY. AN'tnnl**' ^ P"''^ ^P^'^* ^^'ithoiit a body Kx^-CEL-LENT a. being of great worth, i-o -j,Y, a. religious ; sacred. iN-TER-cEs'-sroN, n. mediation. IN-VOKE', 0. to call upon ; to pray to Taught, v. instructed. ^ ^ ' JRY -ING, t,. putting to serere trial. vi'i;;'.^r:.flL---%°" '^^ ^-"^-bed, was - - -, .,v0 .3,Mers of Cliarity. THey found •:5, III 136 SECOND READER. her instructed in the duties of religion, and well prepared to die. 2. On visiting her a second time they saw that her last hour was fast approaching ; -and one of them having reminded her of it, exhorted her to pray to the Blessed Virgin, whose intercession is most powerful at that trying moment. 3. The poor girl raised her dying eyes, looked at the lady for a moment, and replied that she had gone to the convent school, where she had been taught to say the Hail Mary whenever she heard the dock strike, and that she had con- tinued to do so even when she was selling roots in the market. 4.- She then burst forth into the most ardent expressions of the consolations which it afforded her, and Off the confidence she had that the Blessed Virgin would not now desert her. She died, soon after. 5. This was, indeed, a holy practice, and one that cannot be too strongly recommended to young persons. 6. It tends to remind them of death, and to excite their confidence in the protection of the Mother of God. 7. The Hail Mary is one of the most excellent prayers we can use. Part of it was brought from Heaven, by the Angel Gabriel, when he eotion of the SECOND READER. came to announce to the Blessed Virgin that she was to be the mother of God ; part of^^ was spoken by St. Elizabeth, inspire/by the hTiv Ghost, when the Blessed Virgin went to vS her ; and part of it was made by the Church 8. How beautiful are the words of which it is composed ! wun.a u is .hl'/^M *^*7' ^"'^ °^ S'^*'=«' &« Lord is with thee; blessed art thou among women Tnd blessed is the fruit of thy womb, ~ My Mary Mother of God, pray for us sinners, not and at the hour of our death. Amen" 9 A child who says this little prayer ten or welve times in the day, will have s^d it four thousand times at the end of the year. Lesson V. SACRED msiOnY-Contimed. From the general Deluge, AM. 1656, to Jacob and Esau J 2168. Birthright, the rights and privileges to ^which a person is born. ^ ^ov ENANT, an agreement ; a contract Proph'egy, a prediction. ' ^°'''^^^^- Pot TAGE, anything boiled for food. ^ «"-HAM, b ainer of Multitudes." •M Hi ■ill I m ml SECOND READER. ' Fa'mous, renowned ; celebrated; Sov'brbign, supreme in power. .iMPER'pECTy not complete ; defective. Divine', proceeding from God. Nat;ve, pertaining to the place of birth. r Destroy', to make desolate ; to kill. ^ Sag'rifice, to immolate ; to offer to God. § < Sought, strove or endeavored. \^ Renew'ed, repealed. (^ Gonfir:m'ed, ratified' or renewed. 1. After the general deluge, God promised Noe that He would never again destroy the world by waters He set the rainbow as a sign of this covenant* 2. Soon after, the descendants of Noe became 80 numerous that they were obliged to separate, and thus people the various parts of the earth. Before doing so, they sought, however, to make themselves famous by building a tower which should reach to Heaven. 3. God confounded their pride, by causing them to speak different languages, so that they were obliged to leave their work unfinished. 4. In the year of the world 2083, God ap- peared to Abraham in Ur, a city of Ghaldea, and bid him leave his native country, and pass into the land that God would show him ; and God promised that in Abraham all the nations of THE earth should BE BLESSED. This was a proph- ecy of our Divine Redeemer, who was after wards born of the line of Abraham. 5. Abraham did as God commanded anfl went mto Canaan. Here God renewed bt'om 'ses, and told him that he should have a Z" manding him to sacrifice his only on o^ia mountam which He Would show him 7 Abraham obeyed God, whom hb knew to ai'ict::;:r"'"'°"^^«-^^-'^-dof ram whi^ " ^o^^anded him to sacrifice a ram which was near him. Then God renew- d his promise of a Redeemer, the only heZ ten Son of God, of whose de'ath on Ca3 fectt;:' ""^"" ^'' ' ""^^ *°"«'^ ^-p- wi !hrnr'',fh"''''l''"'"^"'"'''«"'^^^^"- Esau was the first-born, but sold his birth-right to Jacob for a mess of pottage. ^ 10. Thus Jacob becimc entitled to all the prom- isesmade to AbraJiam. and a ftpm,.a.^ his lather's blessing. £.^ f\\\^^ 1 ^^ 'im Mi) f 140 SECOND READER. 11. Fearing the anger of Esau, Jacob then fled to the native country of his mother, Rebecca. As he passed the night at Bethel, he had a vision in his sleep He saw: a ladder suspended between Heaven and earth, on which angels ascended and descended, and God leaning thereon, spoke to him, and confirmed to him the promises already made to Abraham. Lesson VJ. , SACRED HISTORY. From the marriage of Jacob, A. M. 2252, to the return of Moses into Egypt, 2513. ' 'E'GYPr, a country of Africa, fertilized by the river Nile. Vigege'rent, one holding deputed or dele- gated power. Poster'ity, succeeding generations. Resent'ment, an angry feeling. !| i e 3 O ' Di'vERs, several ; more than one. En'vious, full of envy; malicious. Wild, savage ; untame. Suffic'ient, equal to what is required. ^ Gru'EL, inhuman ; hard-hearted. ' Oppress', to crush by severity. fments. _ Pkrsua'ded, influenced by facts or argu- S -{ Dimin'ish, to lessen. [thing by proofs. Convince', to make n person sensible of any- ' - • t--_i ."j^iMrt IT ■■'OUICU. vs 4 there had eleven -ons, of whom the youngest was Joseph. In returning to his own counfry t-od appeared to him, and told him he should rnrt\?n • ''"^'•^n^^ed ^ him his blessings and promises. Jacob had another son -in his own country, named Benjamin. Joseph being a favonte with his father, was envied by hi! elder brothers, and by f^em secretly sold as a slave nto Egypt, while they wickedly persua- ded his father, that he had been slain by7wHd By the rrovidence of God, Joseph %vas raised in Egypt to the dignity of vicegerent of kinc Pharaoh, and in a seven years' famine, had the satisfaction of relieving his envious brethren who, without knowing him, were obliged to' come to him for relief in their distress, \t length, Joseph made himself known to them and embraced and wept over them with as much ove, as If they had never done him any inh.rv He said it was all directed by God, who brought good out of their evil, and comforted them with the assurance of his forgiveness King Pharaoh made him bring them into Egypt and give them the land of Gessen to dwell in. Here Jacob died " i— ^"^^j^ib --^ iiibsons wiiat should befall 4 im ' W'l -ii hH!l i 142 SECOND READER. them and their posterity, and foretelling, that the sceptre, or sovereign power, should not depart from the tribe of Juda, imtil the coming of our Redeemer, whom he called the Expecta. tion of Nations. Atter the death of Joseph,the children of Israel became so numerous in Egypt, as to excite the envy of Pharaoh, the new monarch, who sought divers cruel means to oppress them, and to di minish their numbers. God was moved by ilie afflictions of the Israelites, and sent them a doliverer. This was Moses, who was born In ! '^mmmmmm SJEGOND READER. 143 Egypt of Hebrew parents, but had fled to Ma- rian, to avoid the resentment of king Pharaoh who sought to kill him. Here God appeared to' him on Mount Horeb, in a burning bush, and commanded him to return into Egypt, and tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites deparYou't of that country. God assured Moses at the same time, that He would work miracles by his hand, suf- ficient to convince Pharaoh that God had really sent him. Moses obeyed, and returned into J^gypt Lesson VH. ST. GOLUMBA'S HYMN TO ST. BRIDGET. .1. O Bridget, Virgin ever bright 1 O golden torch of love and light. Rich lamp illuminating earth's dark dome Guide us to our eternal home 1 ' 2. Defend us, Bridget, mighty Saint, From every evil touch and taint ; ., Defend us, from all wiles woes, .vas hnrn !n ll! ^"d fl'Om OUr fierrn. infornal f«^^ Mi M ii e$*Jl li 144 SECOND READER. t Create in ns, anew, afresh, A spirit that shall hate the flesh ; Sacred Virgin, mother, give. To all new pow'r to love and live I Thou holiest Saint of these our days» Worthy unutterable praise, Protect green Ireland from all harm, knd keep her sons from vam alarm I pillar of our kingdom, grandest I To Patrick next, that chiel, thou standesi— Thou nlessed maid, thou queen of queens, On thee each soul devoutly leans I 6. And after this vain life is past. Oh, let our lot with thine be cast ! And save us in that last dread day, When Heav'n and Earth shall flee away r SECOND READER. 145 Lesson VIII. THE SECRET OF BEING ALWAYS SATISFIED. ^ r Disposi'tion, temper of mind. I / Condi'tion, state ; lot. j| I Symp'tom, sign, or indication. ^ LI^acil'ity, ease; readiness. § f True, real ; genuine. ;| J Chief, first, or principal. I j In'timate, familiar. cv [ Content'ed, satisfied ; not repining. ^ r Reflect', to consider attentively. o I Explain', to make plain, or clear. ^ j Oc'cuPY, to take up; to have possession oL i. Admi red, regarded with wonder and love. 1. A certain Italian bishop was remarkable for his happy and contented disposition. He met with many afflictions ; but it was observed, that he never repined at his condition, nor be- trayed the least symptom of impatience. 2. An intimate friend of his, who highly ad- mired the virtue which he thought it was im- possible to imitate, one day asked the good prel- ate, if he could communicate the secret of his being always satisfied. 3. " Yes", replied the good old man ; " I can teach you my secret, and with great facility. It consists in nothing more than in making a I r •\ .m •j» 146 .SECOND I\EAPER. ...1. ^....' 4. His friends begged of him to explain him- self. 5. "Most willingly/' returned the bishop, "In whatever gtate I am, I first of all look up to Heaven, and reflect that my chief business here is to get there ; I then look down upon the earth, and call to mind that when I am dead, I shall occupy but a small space of it ; I then look abroad on the world, and observe what multi- tudes there are, who, in every respect, are much worse off than myself. Thus, I learn whei*e true happiness is placed, where all my cares must end, and how very Uttle reason I have to repine or to complain." Questions.— 1. What is said about a certain Italian bishop?— 2. What did a friend of his ask him one day? —3. What was the bishop's reply?— 4— 5. Relate the ex- planation of the bishop about the right us€ of. oms €yes. Lesson IX. GOOi;) EXAMPLE. 1. 'Tis wrong to waste an hour ;— for hours Are like the opening buds of flow'rs, And if unheeded, left like those May wither to a worthless close. -2. Look forth, and learn the bird, the bee, Shall many a lesson teach to thee : The cricket singing in the dell ; The ant that stores her winter cell ; 3. The butterfly that rests his wing On ev'ry blossom of the spring ; All these, and more, shall to thine eye Patterns of diligence supply. A, From flow'r to flow'r, in field or wood, They seek their shelter or their food. Improve the bright hours of the sun,' Nor quit their task tiU aay be done. ' 5. Sodearn from them to well pursue Thy task, with like attention too ; Let ev'ry day some knowledge bring, Giain wiriom, too, from ev'ry thing. 6. At home, abroad, with zeal explore To find one useful precept more. And earn in golden maxims thence. Truth, prudence, and benevolence u ■fill •i 9M 148 SECOND HEADER. 1 ^ Lesson X. SACRED BlSTOnY.-iContmued.) From the return of Muses into Egypt. A. M. 2513 to the passage of the Red Sea, 2513. ' Ob'stinacy, stuLborness. Mur'rain, a plague amongst cattle. 1 LAGUE a malignant disease ; anything very troublesome or destructive. C Hut, a poor cottage. § fS^opi'Gious, amazing; astonishing. ;;^ / Pal'pable, that may be felt. I ] Unleav'ened not leavened, or fermented. c, L INFER NAL, hollish ; pertaining to hell. ^ ("Wrought, formed by work, or labor. I I Pursu'ed, chased, or followed. ^ j Slew, put to death. -^ t Shone, glistened, or glittered. 1 . After all the miracles which Mosas wrought in the presence of king Pharaoh, still he refused to let the people go, and even increased their burdens. 2. God then commanded Moses to strike Egypt with several great plagues, in punishment of the obstinacy of the King. 3. At first, all the waters of Egypt were turned into blood. 4. The second plague was a prodigious number of frogs, which filled the country. SECOND READSR. The third a swarm of insects, called sciniph,. i he fourth, a swarm of flies. The fifth, a murrain amongst the cattle. The sixth, boils and Wains on men and beasts. • The eight, a flight of locusts, which devoured everything green. 5 And the ninth, a palpable darkness, which for three days covered every part of EgvDt ex- cept Gessen, where the IsraeUtes dwelt. ' 6. All these plagues having failed to overcome he obstinacy of Pharaoh, God sent a tenth, more errible than all the rest. He commanded the sraehtes to take a lamb in each family and, on the fourteenth day of the month, to kill and eat U with unleavened bread and wild lettuces, after aavingput the blood upon the upper and side door-posts of their houses. This was the origin of the great festival of the Pasch, or Jewish Pass- Almighty God, annually observed by that people, and during which our div-'ne Redeemer, the true Lamb of God, was slain,' to deliver mankind out of the hands of the infernal Pharaoh. 7. On the appointed night, after the Israelites Had done as they were commanded, the Aneel 01 trie Lord passed through every house Tn m 'If.T :l I* 'J II Iji t^BmVl^B ^ ■i| H i B 150 SECOND READER. Egypt, from the King's palace to the meanest hut, and slew the first-born son of every house that had not its door-posts marked with the blood of the paschal lamb. 8. Terrified by this prodigy, Pharaoh at last consented to let the people go : but afterwards repenting that he had done so, he pursued them with a great army. 9. The Lord himself protected his people, guid- ing them through the desert by a pillar, or cloud, which was dark by day, but in the night shone like fire. 10. When they came to the Red Sea, thev were terrified on seeing themselves pursued by Pharaoh; but God opened to them a passage through the very midst of the waters. The H^gyptians seeing them pass over, attempted to follow them, but God caused the waters to return to their place, and the whole host of Pharaoh was drowned in the depth of the sea. Not one escaped. Lesson XI. "GIVE ME THREE GRAINS OF CORN MOTHER." (a) ' 1 Give me three grains of corn, mother, Only three grains of corn ; It will keep the little life I have. Till the coming of the morn. I am dying of hunger and cold, mother. Dying of hunger and cold, And half the agony of such a death. My lips have never told. family were perishing from famine. ^^^ ^^^- ^^® ^^^le m 1 '»■ :l' tit} \ \ :i 152 SECOND READER. 2. It has gnawed like a wolf, at my heart, mother, A wolf that is fierce for blood,— All the live long day, and the night beside, Gnawing for lack of food. 1 dreamed of bread in my sleep," mother. And the sight was Heaven to see,— • I awoke with an eager, famishing lip, But you had no bread for me. 3. How could I look to you, mother, How could I look to you, For bread to give to your starving boy. When you were starving too ? For I read the famine in your cheek, And in your eye so wild. And I felt it in your bony hand, As you laid it on your child. 4. The Queen has lands and gold, mother, The Queen has lands and gold. While you arc forced to your empty breast A skeleton babe to hold, — A babe that is dying of want, mother, As I am dying now, With a ghastly loo'v in its sunken eye, And famine ui>on 'ts brow. li What has poor Ireland done, mother, What has poor Ireland done That the world looks on, and seej us starve, Perishing, one by one ? Do the men of England care not, mother, The great men and the high, For the suffering sons of Erin's isle, Whether they live or die ? 6. There is many a brave heart here, mother. Ikying of want and cold. While only across the channel, mother Are many that roll in gold ; ' There are rich and proud men there, mother, With wondrous wealth to view And the bread they fling to their dogs to-night. Would give life to we and 2/ow. 7. Gome nearer to my side, mother. Gome nearer to my side And hold me fondly, as you'held My father when he died • Quick, for I cannot see you, mother, My breath is almost gone ; Mother! dear mother! ere I die Give me three grams of corn. li lii ! 154 SECONr READER. Lesson XII. ON THE PRESENCE OF GOD. Names. Qualities, Actions. store short form heart whole heard school . such should trees one for-gef val'leys oth'-er said eye ho'-ly think ide'-a mod'est per'-ish pres'-ence e-ter'-nal a-dorn'ed be-gin'-ning faith'-ful pur'-chase prac'-tice heav'-en-Iy re-mem'-ber teach'-ers prin'-ci-pal de-Ught'.ful enjoy' king'-doin reg'-u-late 1 . We can form no idea of the delights which God has in store for those who love Him. The eye has not seen it, nor the ear heard it, nor can the heart of man conceive it. 2. Think with what beauty God has adorned the whole creation. Look at the sun, the moon, the stars ; at the trees, the plants, the flowers ; at the hills, the mountains, the valleys. If God gives such beauty to these things, which are soon to perish^ what must be the glory of that place, Avhere He and his saints will live forever! 3. We should never forget God, nor his ii_«,T_»ixj ii.j.j^.iQvi.wiii. a-iTuij uujcut aruiiiiu US eard it, nor SECOND READER. 155 reminds us of Him. If a child would only accustom himself to say some little prayers from time to time during the day, he should soon acquire the habit of thinking of God. 4. The prayers may be very short, such as, ' my God, Hove you ; " '' My whole desire IS to please you ; " "I will do this action for your honor and glory." One of them may be said at the beginning of each of our principal actions : as, when going to school, returning home, sitting down to table, writing a copy, commencing a lesson, committing a task to memory, or at any other time he may feel dis- posed. 5. If a child be faithful in this holy practice for some time, he will feel how delightful it is to enjoy God's presence. His parents and teachers need not then exhort him to be modest and well-behaved. The remembrance of God's pres- ence will regulate his whole conduct. Questions. —l. Can we form any idea of the delights which God reserves for those who love Ilim ?— 2 Name some objects to which God has given a particular beauty -3. Should we ever forget God?-.4. When should we say a prayer to thank God for his benefits ? fiiir Hi 3; I 1 I V u 156 SECOND READER. Lesson XIII. ^ to SACRED mSTOIiY.— [Continued.) From the passage of the lied Sea, A. M. 2513, to the making of the Ark and Tabernacle, 2514. In'cense, a perfume exhaled by fire. Fung'tion, office ; power. 1 ^ Tap'estry, cloth woven with figures. Quails, birds of game. [Seraph. Gher'ub, a celestial spirit first in rank after a STu'pm, dull ; hard to receive impressions. Spa'cious, wide ; extensive. Priest'ly, sacerdotal ; relating to a piiest. Sol'emn, religiously grave. ^ Preg'ious, rare ; costly. . r In'timate, to suggest, or point out indirectly, 2 Depos'it, to lay down, or place in. 2 ^ Mur'mured, grumbled ; complained. Befriend'ed, favored ; assisted. ^ Corrupt', to become vitiated. 1. The Israelites continued their journey through the desert, in the course of which Almighty God befriended them by many strik- ing miracles. 2. When they ungratefully murmured at the want of food ih the desert, God sent them a flight of quails, and also manna from Heaven, being a figure of the Holy Eucharist in the new SECOND READER. 157 law, which never failed them during the ^o^^yjeaTs of their pilgrimage in the wilderi ness. 3. A singular circumstance attending the manna was, that if more was gathered than sufficed for the day, the surplus was corrupted the next morning; but as none fell on the Sabbath, they gathered a double portion on the sixth day, which did not corrupt until the second day following. 4. God afterwards gave the.n water twice from a rock to quench their Uiirst, and aided them by miracles against their enemies. ii I I' t <1 I^HHIHMi 158 SECOND READER. 5. When they came to Mount Sinai, God com- manded Moses to go up into the mountain, where He gave him the ten commandments engraved on two tables of stone. Yet such was the stupid ingratitude of the Israelites, that even while Moses was on the mountain, they fell into idolatry, and made a golden calf, which they adored. For this crime, three and twenty thousand suffered death ; the rest returned to theii duty. / 6. Closes, by the command of Almighty God, caused an ark or chest to be made of precious wood, plated with gold within and without, and having a cover of solid gold, called the propi- tiatory, on which stood the images of two cher- ubs, with wings extended so as to cover the ark. In this were deposited the two tables of the law. 7. Besides this, Moses caused a tabernacle or tent to be made of setim wood, with costly hangings of tapestry, being highly adorned with gold and silver. The interior was divided into two parts, separated from each other by a veil of costly needlework. The space behind the I veil was called the Holy of Holies, and here the ai'k was kept. 8. In the other space, called the sanctuary, stood a table and a little altar, both colored with ps.i!,, .^.j i.lj iatiiii;r ucre p;;icui* rue twelve file twelve SECOND READER. 159 loaves of proposition, corresponding to tlie twelve tribes of Israel, by whom they were offered every week. The altar served for the offering of incense. 9. A spacious court, furnished with pillars and costly hangings, surrounded the iabernacle. Aaron and his sons were made priests, and the rest of the tribe of Levi were also appointed to assist in the priestly functions. The high priest only was allowed to enter the sanctuary, and he but once a year, after many solemn observances, to intimate to us the reverence with which we ought to approach the house of God. Lesson XIV, THE PRESENT LIFE. ^ C Philos'opher, one skilled in human know- I J Grim'inal, one guilty of crime. | ledge. ^ I Pro'jects, designs ; schemes. ^ (^ Term, the limit or boundary. ^ f Ig'norant. unacquainted with. g J Protract'ed, drawn out ; delayed. 1 I Sud'den, happening without notice ; coming o t Mild, gentle. [unexpectedly. ^ r Reach, to arrive at. § J Imag'ined, fancied or thought. •g ] Undergo', to suffer ; to endure. "^ ^^oOKE, to maiic iTiGiTy j to jest. I m l'"!l 1. A philosopher was one day asked what this life was, and he answered ; '< It is the journey a sentenced criminal makes from prison to the place of execution." 2. We are all condemned to death from our mother's womb ; and from the time of our birth, we are continually advancing towards the place of punishment. Our eyes, to be sure, are not to be covered with bandages, like those of crimi- nals, but which is the same thing, the place of punishment is hidden from us. 3. We are continually making towards it, without knowing where it is, or whether we are near it or at a distance from it. All that we know is, that we approach nearer and nearer to it every day, and that we shall reach it before we are aware. It may be, we are there now, or only one step from it. 4. One thing besides, of which we are ignorant, is the kind of death to which we are condemned, that not being specified in the sentence ani known only to Almighty God. Will it be mild or severe ? Will it be ^idden or protracted ? Shall we, or shall we not, have time to enter into ourselves, and place our affairs in order ? Of all this we know nothing. 5. What is really astonishing is, that being under the sentence of death during our journev from our prison to the place of our punishment, we should sin, laugh, joke, and fool away our time m empty projects and childish enterprises. 6 But, does it not often happen, that people in the mids^. of their pleasures and enterprises, reach the term which they imagined to be far distant ; and that they are obliged to undergo their last punishment unprepared, because they never allowed it a place in their thoughts. Lesson XV. WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR. Ach'-ing, a. being in pain. Bless, v. to implore a blessing on Brim, n, the edge ; the bank. Brow, n. the forehead. Faint'-ing, a. losing strength ; weak. Mourn er, n. one who mourns, or laments. JNeigh.bor, n. one who lives near: a fellow- creature. ' ^cnuw 1 Who is my neighbor ?~He whom thou Hast power to aid and bless ; Whose aching head, or burning brow Thy soothing hand may press. i; m i' fc' ,,l|j)l! 'im ! iC. '* ! ( Thy neighLoi is the fainting poor, Whose eye with want is d.^n; Oh I enter then his humble door With aid and peace for him 3. Thy neighbor ? — He who drinks the cup When sorrow drowns the brim ; With words of ever-cheering hope, ' Go thou and comfort him. 4. Thy neighbor ? — Pass no mourner by ; Perhaps thou canst redeem A breaking heart from misery ; — Go share thy lot with him. Lesson XVI. TRY AGAIN. 1. 'Tis a lesson you should heed, Try, try, try again; If at first you don' t succeed, Trv- try. trv ao-ain. SECOND READER. 163 2; Once or twice, though you should fail, Try again ; If you would at last prevail, Try again. If we strive, 'tis no disgrace Though we may not win the race ; What should you do in that case ? Try again. 3* If you find your task is hard, Try again ; Time will bring you your reward. Try again. All that other folks can do. Why with patience should not you ? Only keep this rule in view- Try again. Lesson XVII. SACRED nmrORY. -{Continued.) From the making { the Ark, A.M. 2514, to the bchism ofSamarta, 3029. ^ r Line, a race, or family. I J Behalf', favor; support. j| Revolts', desertions ; rebellions V. ^xin xiiiuiii, laiiQ I COU "try. J Ik 'P ii,V 164 SECOND READER. t<9 CO o ' Griev'ous, heinous ; bad in a high degree. Tem'poral, relating to time. 1 I Sincere', real ; unfeigned. [natural. o t MiRAc'uLous, effected hy a power more than ' Descend', to come, or go down. ) Distin'guished, signalized, or made eminent. ^ j Am'ED, assisted, or succored. '^ [Assail'ed, attacked. 1. During the space of forty years, the Israelites continued to wander through the desert. They continually experienced the miraculous inter- positions of Almighty God in their behalf, but frequently drew down the divine ven geance by their murmurs and revolts. Of all who had attained the twentieth year, two only,Josua and Caleb, entered the Land of Prom- ise. Moses died in sight of it, in punishment of some weakness of faith he had shown in striking the rock twice with his rod, when com- manding the water to flow therefrom. After his death, the Israelites, under the command of Josua, took possession of the Land of Promise- In accomplishing this enterprise, they were aided by many prodigies. At one time the sun stood still, through the prayer of Josua, until they had obtained a victory. At another, the waters of the Jordan were divided, like those of the Red Sea, to give them a^ dry passage. Showers of hail, mingled with stones and fire, were sent de eminent. were sent against their enemies. The newly-conquered country was divided amongst the twelve tribes 01 Israel : for sometime they remained separated bu were afterwards united, under governors, called judges. ' .x.^' Z^^ ^^''^elites were frequently assailed by the Philistines, a neighboring nation, whom God permitted to take the ark. He afterwards however, scourged them so severely; that they sent back the ark into the Hebrew territories. Samuel was the last of the judges. When he grew old, the Israelites demanded a king, and God, listening to their request, though not pleas- ing to Him, gave them Saul, who afterwards became a reprobate on account of his crimes David, whom the Scripture calls a man after God s own heart, was chosen to succeed him He was of the tribe of Juda, from whom the Savior of the world was to descend. He fell at one time, into two grievous sins, but by a sincere repentance, he was restored to the favor of his offended God. God, nevertheless, punished him for his crimes by many temporal afflictions. 3. David was succeeded by his son Solomon, to whom God gave greater wisdom than was ever granted to any other man. He built the temple of Jerusalem, the most splendid edifice the world had ever seen. One hundred and eighty-three 'm Jjil iMt Mi'- V i^^u Id f I 166 SECOND READER. thousand three hundred men were occupied, during seven years, in its erection. After the death of Solomon, ten of the tribes of Israel re- volted against his son Roboam, while two only, those of Juda and Benjamin, remained faithful to the line of David. The latter were called the Kingdom of Juda, the former, the Kingdom of Israel, or Samaria. Jeroboam, the new king of Israel, set up the worship of idols, which was continued by his successors, until their kingdom was destroyed by the Assyrians. Of the kings of Juda, some distinguished themselves by their piety and goodness ; others, like those of Israel, SECOND READER. M provokec' the divine vengeance by the worship of Idols, and by their other crimes. The division 01 the ten tribes, into two separate kingdoms IS commonly called the Schism of Samaria, for even those Jew's and Samaritans who retained the law of Moses, no longer held communion in rehgious worship. Lesson XVIII. GENEROSITY. ' Chris'tian, a follower of Christ. iiEAL, ardor in some cause. Vil'lage, a small collection of houses. Main tenance, sustenance, or support. i. JRi FLE, a thing of little or no value. ^ fLAUD'ABLE, praiseworthy. i| I Chinese', of China-a lar(?e country in Asia g 1 Imposs'ible, not practicable. o (.Like, similar to ; resembling. . r Intend', to mean ; to design. ^ Effect', to bring to pass. •2 4 Confound', to confuse ; to perplex. ^ Agcom'plish, to execute ; to fulfil. L Repair', to restore ; to amend. A Chinese Christian, who was far advanced in life, came one day to the priest who resided in his village, and told him he had a great desin^ u r i to see a church erected. . " Your zoal is truly laudable," said the priest, '' but I have not, at present, the means of building it." '* I intend doing it myself," replied the old man. The priest who had known him for many years to have lead a very poor life, thought it impossible that he could accomplish what he proposed. He praised his good intentions, told him that he might contribute ic/ards the good work, ac- cori; ^ to his ability, but that of himself he could not possibly effect it, as it v ould require, at least, two thousand crowns. " Oh," said the poor man, " I am already possessed of that sum." The priest .v^as astonished, and asked how he could possibly have procured it. The good old man I'cplied, that for the last forty years he had saved all the money he could, and had lived on what was barely necessary for his maintenance, in order to have the consolation, before his death, of seeing in the village a church raised in honor of the true God. An example like this ought to confound those who refuse a trifle to repair the churches in which God is adored. Every one should contribute, according to his ability, to build and repair the house of God. Questions. — What was tho great desire of this good Cliristiaii 'f Relate tho conversation between him and tho priest. What kind of a Ufo had he lead? What should such an example teacli ? ■-'^ Lesson XIX. LOVE OF GOD. Names. heav'-en im'-age world pray'-er means pow'-er re-spec t' ob'-ject com mis'-sion o-be'-dience dwell'-ing fa'vors rev'-er-ence Qualities. per'-fect sure bap'-py faith'-ful sbort spec'-i-al ar'-dent fer'-vent ear'-li-est e-ter'-nal mor'-tal ve'ni-al choic'-est Actions. re-deem' sup-plies' pre-fer' fails de-lests' weak-en' serve at-tain' in-duce' pre-pare' de'-serve dis-o-bey' be-stow' i. Children should love God from their ear- liest years. God has placed them in this world for no other end ; and to induce them to love Him, He gives them every day new marks of his mercy and goodness. He has created them to his own image and likeness ; He has sent his only Son to redeem them ; He has prepared Heaven for their eternal dwelling, and He supplies thorn with all the means by which they can attain it. 2. God deserves our most ardent love, because He is good and perfect in Himself ; He deserves It also on account of his goodness to us We should prefer Him before all things, and bo !it.J m •ni 170 SECOND READER, ready to give up everything in this world rather than disobey v^^hat He commands. 3. Love God from your earliest years. It will be the sure means of making you happy in this world and in the next. God never fails to be- stow great graces and blessings on the child that really loves Him. Would you wish to know whether you roally love God ? 1 will teach you. The marks of his love are easily seen. 4. A child that loves God will have a ho>rrc* of mortal sin, because he knows well that God de- tests it. He will ha' ^. a dread of venial siim, because he knows they weaken God's love, and lead to the commission of rrortal ones. He will endeavor, by his love of prayer, his obedience to his parents, and the faithful discharge of all his other duties, to draw down upon himself God's choicest graces. 5. A child that loves God will desire that God may be loved by the whole world, and will do all in his power to make otiiers love and serve Him. He will love to speak of Him with resp(V't and reverence. He will frequently, during tho day, beg his blessing, by some short, bul fervent prayer. He will thus become the object of Goips special care, and the joy and delight of all around him. SECOND READER. Cn^^T T^-r^- ^"^ ''"'"''' 'Children begin to love God ? To whose .mage and likeness have we been crea ed' Who has redeemed aud saved us? What t^ll hf ^^ orrr "Th^ r^-^- ^^^ ^-^o"^- : Dv' TnT iT , " ""^ '"'■<''' """"n^ «f being hop- Lesson XX. SACRED imTORY.^iContinued). ' From the Schism of Samaria, A. M. 3029, to the death ofEzechias, 3306. ' r Proph'et, one who foretells future events t J ^«>^^'iOT, a carriage of pleasure or state I ^ Gen'tiles pagans, or heathens/ ^ i); AL, a jplate on which the hand shows the I hour 01 the day, hy the progress Ox^thTsun ^ Abl'n'dant, plentiful. § \ Stu'pen'dous, prodigious ; wonderful I ] Ancient bygone ; former. o I, Ml NOR, lesser; not so great as. /• Insult'ed, treated with insolence. - — ^. ^^, vx^i.icu wim insolence. o J INVA DED, entered in a hostile manner ^ I Apply', to put, or ?sr iipon. I, Undertook', took m liand, or engaged in. After the revolt of Israel, God sont holy men leaned Prophets, into Samaria and Judea, to re- ii' i iii if '■ i el '"4( ill i |! k Pt >i [if 172 SECOND READER. call the people to his service. Of these, the prin- cipal were Isaiah,Jeremiah,Ezechiel,and Daniel, who are the greater Prophets, from their having written more than the others. Besides thes€,there are twelve minor Prophets, who wrote less than the former. They foretold the afflictions that were to befall the Jews and Israelites, on account of their sini- They also predicted the coming of the Messiah, so long promised to the unhappy children of Adam. Daniel pointed out even the eiS^A time of his appearance. The§e holy men, besides the gift of prophecy, had that of working the most stupendous mira- cles. Elias raisp.d a dead youth to life ; brought down fire from Heaven upon a holocaust ; and obtained abundant rain after a long drought. At one time, lie was miraculously fed by ravens in the desert; at another time, by an angel ; and after other like prodigies, he was taken up alive into Heaven, in a fiery chariot with fiery horses. As he mounted, he let fall his mantle, as his last and only legacy to his dear disciple Eliseus, wlio stood looking and calling after him. With this mantle Eliseus divided the waters of the Jordan. As he passed to the city of Bethel, a number of wicked boys insulted him and called him ill names ; on which two bears issued out of a wood and tore two hundred and SECOND READER. 173 j forty of Ihem in pieces. He wrought many other miracles, and even after his death, a corpse applied to his dead hones, was restored to hfe, Jonas was the first of the prophets who preached to the Gentiles. In the reign of Osee, king of Israel, thr.t country was invaded by the Assyrians, and ut- terly destroyed ; nor was the kingdom of Israel ever afterwards restored. Thus they were punish- .'3d even in this life, for having forsaken the worship of the true God. The Kingdom of Juda lasted for more than a century after that of Israel. Under the good king Ezechias, it re- covered much of its ancient splendor. God aided the pious monarch both in war and .'li T . m mi m peace, and blessed all that he undertook. At one time, when he fell sick, God sent the proph- et Isaiah to warm him that he must prepare for death. At these words, Ezechias turned his face to the wall, and wept and prayed earnestly. God sent Isaiah back to let him know that he should live fifteen years longer and in proof of what he said, he made the shadow go back ten degrees on the dial of King Achaz. When he had recovered, the king of Babylon sent him a friendly embassy with letters and gifts. Ezechias yielded on this occasion, so far to vanity, as to show all his treasures to the strangers. For his fault. Almighty God, Who abhors all pride, sent Isaiah again to announce ♦^ the king that all these treasures of which he ^ s so foolishly vain, should be conveyed to B'u. »ylon, where his own sons should serve as slaves, with others of his race. These menaces were fulfilled after the death of Ezechias, under the reign of his wicked son Manasses, and his successors. Lesson X\I. THE FIVE SENSES.— (Elliptical.) Chin, n. the lowest part of the face. E-rectJ, a. upright ; not loaning. SECOND READER. 175 Mov'-ABLE, a. that may be moved. Pal'-ate n. the roof of the mouth. Shel'-ter, v. to cover ; to protect. Spit'-tle, n. matter spit out ; saliva. Stom'-ach, n. the organ in which food is digested. Man holds himself upright on his feet. His head is erect on his shoulders. He has arms and legs. He takes hold of things w'th his The soles of his rest on the ground. The head turns to the right and to the .. The top of his head is called the skull. Upon it is the hair. Within the is the brain, which is enclosed there as in a box of bone. This box secures, .against blows. On the face are seen the eyes, nose, mouth, and chin ; and on each side the The eyes are shut by means of the ....which shelter them from the air and too much light. Above the eyes are the eyelashes ; higher still are the eyebrows. Man sees with his what is near him, and also what is not too far off. The nose is between the eyes and the ; its two holes are called the ; with the nose are perceived smells. The mouth has lips, which are both movable. Under the mouth is the Within the mouth are the palate, the tongue, and the The teeth are fixed in the jawbones, and are ranged in rows, which are applied to one another. With the teeth we grind our ; the tongue brings the food under the mm !i:i ihl ' I i teeth, and at the same time the spittle moistens it; it descends afterwards into the throat, and thence into the stomach. While food is in the mouth, the tongue and the palate the flavor of it. The mouth serves also for speaking ; the voice comes from the lungs ; the mouth, the lips, the tongue, the teeth, and the palate, form speech. Man perceives smell by his ; tastes by his ; with his ears he sounds; with his eyes he the color, form, and motion ol bodies ; with his skin he them. All these means of perceiving the qualities of objects are called the senses. Thus man has senses; sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Lesson XXII. MOTHER, WHAT IS DEATH ? 1. " Mother, how still the baby Ues 1 I cannot hear his breath ; I cannot see his laughing eyes, They tell me this is death. 2. iviy little work I thought to bring, And sat down by his bed. And pleasantly I tried to sing — They hiish'd me — he is dead I 3. They say that he again will rise, More heautiful than now ; That God will bless him in the skies— O Mother, foil me how ?" 4. '' Daughter, do yoii remember, dear, The cold, dark thing you brought, And laid upon the casement here,— A withered worm, you thought ? 5. I told you that Almighty pow'r Gould break that wither'd shell, And show you, in a future hour, Something would please you welL 6. Look at the chrysalis, my love,— An empty shell it lies ; Now raise your wond'ring glance above, To where yoa insect flies !" 7. *' 0, yes, mamma ! how very gay Its wings of starry gold I And see I it lightly flies away Beyond my gentle hold. i i il 'III*' I d1^ 1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k A „<^, 1.0 "*»a IM l.i la Ki 12,2 I 40 ill!:25 i 1.4 1.6 ^3 4> ^> %* ^ '^ c PbotcMaphii Sciences Corpordtion 23 W!ST MAIN STRCIT WHSTIR,N.Y M5«0 (716) H73-4503 4^ fV -q^' ^ o'^ #p^ t/^ '/. ^ 8. O mother, now I know fall well, If God that worm can change, And draw it from this broken cell j On golden wings to range. — 9. How beautiful will brother be, When God shall give him wings, Above this dying world to flee, f And live with heavenly things." Lesson XXIII. SACRED limTORY.— {Continued.) From the Death ofEzechias, A. M. ?306, to the reign of Seleucus^ 3828. ^ TTyr'annv, cruelty; despotism. I J Details', minute circumstances of particu- ^ 1 Reign, the time of a king's government, [lars. ^ ^ Gap'tive, one taken inwar. ^ C Pi'ous, devout ; religious. :^ I Prophet'ig, foretelling future events. e 1 Roy'al, regal ; kingly. o ( Grand, great ; magnificent. ^ f Fetch, to go and bring anything. 5 J Maintain', to preserve ; to uphold. ■^ j Inter'pret, to explain ; to translate. ^ ( Plun'der, to rob ; to pillage. II d.) the reign '. particu- ent. [lar£. is. 1. Manasses, by restoring the worship of idols and oppressing the people, so provoked the divine vengeance^ that God delivered the kingdom of Jnda, like that of Israel, into the hands of its enemies. Amongst other acts of tyranny which disgraced his reign, was the martyrdom of the , great prophet Isaiah, who had foretold the com- ing of our Redeemer, speaking as plainly of his miraculous birth of a Virgin, with the details of his life and sufferings, as if he had seen them with his own eyes. Being taken prisoner and conveyed to Babylon, unhappy Manasses re- pented so sincerely, that God restored him to his kingdom, where he strove, by a good and pious reign, to repair the evils he had wrought. In the year of the world 3398, Juda was in- vaded by ^he king of Babylon, and king Joachim carried away captive and put to death. His wicked son Joachim, with his family, was also taken, and the royal treasures and sacred vessels of the temple were conveyed to Babylon. None were suffered to remain in Judea exrc\^i the husbandmen, who were left to attend to the tillage. 2. Jeremias, the prophet, chose to remain with them. For seventy years, as Jeremias foretold, the Jews mmained captives in Babylon. During this time, Almighty God did not entirely abandon them. He raised up holy men, who, l)y their m, \:m ^- 4 Mil J ii,„., 180 SECOND HEADER. instructions and examples, contributed to main- tain the true religion amongst the exiles. Amongst these was the prophet Daniel, who fore, told the precise period of the coming of our Re- deemer. God favored him with many other pro- phetic visions, and preserved him during six days from seven lions, into whose den he was cast, by the king's orders, for refusing to wor- ship his idols. He also foretold the destruc- tion of Baitassar. This king had made a great banquet, at which he used the sacred vessels of the Jews. In the course of the night, the guests were horror-struck by seeing fingers, as of a ied to main- the exiles, el, who fore^ J of our Re- ly other pro- during SIX len he was ng to wor- lie destruc- ade a great d vessels of , the guests rs, as of a man's hand, writing certain words upon the wall. These words Daniel alone was able to in- terpret. They foretold the ruin of Baltassar. The prediction was fulfilled, and Baltassar was slain the same night. 3. At the end of seventy years, the Temple of Jerusalem was rebuilt, and the Jews restored to their own country. Among those who returned was Esdras, a holy priest, who labored with suc- cess, to restore the observance of the law. The walls of the city, in like manner, v/ere restored in some years after. The Jews enjoyol their freedom until the reign of Seleucus, king of Sy- ria, who gave orders to plunder the Jewish trea- sury, even of the money which was laid up for widows and orphans. For this, his messen- ger was scourged by angels, and he would have perished under their hands, if it were not for the prayers of the Jewish priest, Onias. Seleucus, still unwilling to renounce his claim to the sa- cred treasures, was about to send another mes- senger to fetch them away, but subsequently abandoned his design. Questions.— What great prophet did king Manasses put to death ?— ^4. Isaiah.— In what year were the Jews taken captive?—^. 3398.— Why was the prophet Daniel cast into the lion's den ?~A. Because he would not wor- ship the king's idols— Name the king of Syria who per- secuted the Jews about this time ?—A. Seleucus. I'iU %\ m 1 1 ill I !H If 182 SECOND READER. Lesson XXIV. LOVE OF PRAYER. 'Pray'er, a petition ; an entreaty. In'tervals, times between acts, or events. Ex'ercise, employment; practice. Du'ty, wnatever one owes. Heaven^ the principal abode of God. , Friend'ship, intimacy in the highest degree. ^ ( Prim'itive, first ; original. •^ Pow'erful, efficacious ; forceful. ^ < PiiiN'ciPAL, chief; capital. ^ Pub'lig, common ; general ; not private. ^ t Gare'ful, heedful ; diligent. ( Gon'secrate, to make sacred ; to dedicate. I Exhort'ed, incited to any good act. j Gonsent', to agree to. ' Attend', to gi\ e attendance to. Assembled, gathered together. ^ Reside', to live in a place. 1. Among the virtues of the primitive chris- tians, none was more striking than their love of prayer. Prayer they regarded as their first and principal duty, and therefore took care to in- terrupt it as little as possible. They prayed to- gether as much as their other duties would per. mit, knowing well, that prayer said in common is very powerful with God. " If two or three," said our Lord, "are assembled to pray in my to o name, I am in the midst of them ; " and also 'l^whatsoever they shall ask, it shall be done to' them by my Father who is in Heaven." 2. The public prayers which they were most careful to attend, were those of the morning and evening. They were exhorted to consecrate thus the beginning and end of the day, and not to allow their worldly concerns to interfere with or prevent it. Those who could not attend the public assemblies of the faithful, were always careful to pray at home at the appointed times. 3. Besides the morning and evening, they had other stated times also in which they assembled to pray. Many even rose in the night to occupy themselves in this holy exercise. They were taught to profit of the intervals of sleep, by recit- ing the Lord's Prayer, or some verses of the Psalms. Every morning, they repeated the Apostle's Greed, which they were careful to use also on all occasions of danger. 4. To renew their sense of the presence of God, they all had recourse to short prayers suited to each action. All their labors, the sowing time- the reaping, and the harvest, were begun and ended with prayer. They prayed, when they began to build a house, or went to reside in it'; when they made a new garment, or began to wear it. Their usual modes of salutation were ' i Pi if mmmmm J not only expressions of friendship, but forms of prayer. 5. For their lesser actions, they made use of the sign of the cross, as a kind of short blessing. They marked their foreheads with it on almost every occasion. When they enterad their houses, or were going out, walking, sitting, rising, going to rest, eating or drinking, or whatever else they did, they never failed to make use of this holy sign. 6. What a striking example does this conduct of the first Christians present to us ! Were it more closely followed, there would not be so much sin in the world. Prayer and the remembrance of God's presence are two most powerful means of enabling us to persevere in virtue. Questions. — 1. Which was the most striking virtue among the primitive Christians? — 2. What "were their public prayers ? And to what were the- exhorted ? — 3. Had they any other stated times for prayer besides the morning and evening ? — 4. To what had they recourse in order to renew their sense of the presence of God ? — 5. What did they make use of for their lesser actions ? — 6. Name two most powerful means to enable us to persevere in virtue. Lesson XXV. MORNING HYMN. Brightly shines the morning star; Pray that God his grace may give, That from sip and danger far, We the coming day may live. That the tongue by him withheld, U^Y from sounds of strife refrain. That the eye from roving qyell'4, Seek not sights corrupt or vain. That when He the day shall close, And the peaceful night ^hall bring, We, triumphant o'er our foes, May our hymn of glory sin« ! EVENING HYMN. Ere the waning light decay, God of all ! to Thee we pray, Thee thy healthful gi-ace to send, Thee to guard us and defend ! Guard from dreams that may affright Guard from terrors of the night, Guard from foes, without, within. Outward danger, inward sin. 186 SECOND READER. Mindful of our only stay, Duly thus to Thee we pray, Duly thus to Thee wo raise Trophies of our grateful praise. Lesson XXVI. SACRED mSTORY.— {Continued). From the death ofSeleucus^ A.M. 3828,«o the coming i of our Divine Redeemer ^ 4004. Storm, at assault on a fortified place. Scep'tre, the ensign of royalty. Contempt', disobedience , disdain. , Drachms, old Grecian and Roman coins. ^ f Val'iant, courageous ; brave. g J Ado'rable, worthy of adoration ; divine. I I Hu'man, belonging to man. o. t Splen'did, illustrious. Transjer'red, removed from one to another. Defi'led, polluted ; profaned. CEL'EBRATE,to commcmorate with solemnity. Humble, to lower ; to debase. 1. Antiochus, successor to Seleucus, carried his tyranny still further. He took Jerusalem by storm, deluged it with human blood, and de- filed the temple. He put Eleazar and the seven Machabees, with their mother, to a cruel death, O •