,.^.. '^^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) 1.0 ■10 2.5 I.I 1.25 1-1 u •uuu Z2 iiiii^ 1.4 lU m ^'A-'^o <^ '^F /; 0^, Photc^raphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 \ ■1>^ :\ -r'V \ % s 6^ l/. .& CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituts for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. □ D D D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/oi laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reliii avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int6rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela (§tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film^es. Thai toth L'institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-6tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique. qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. n D D E D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommag6es Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film^es i nouveau de fa9on d obtenir la meilleure image possible. The! possi of th filmii Origi bogir the h sion. othei first I sion, or ill) The I shall TINU whici Mapi diffei entin begir right requi meth D Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires; This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 2ax 32X re I6tail8 IS du nodifier 9r une 'ilmage The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exempiaire film* fut reproduit grAce A la gintrosit* de: La bibliothdque des Archives pubiiques du Canada Las images suivantes ont 6tA reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tonu de la condition et de la nettetA de l'exempiaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. as Les exemplalres originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimie sont film6s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplalres originaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6. 11 est fiimA d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. f errata d to It le pelure, pon d n i.' t 2 3 32X ■ t • ^ a L^'^m: [ 4 5 6 jjt < -1 { > Jti- 4. V.A i V E T T E R FROM % CANDOR, nvjy f. - T O T H £ , r' -^ Public Advertiser. ■> ^ Joni foit qui mal y penfe. St. George of England, .e^ he SECOND EDITION, ^-;^ Printed from a more Legible C^y. .nHi*^ ^^:'"^ LONDON: - yrinted for j. A l m o N, \ppolitc Burlington' Hiufg in Piccadilfy,. 1 764. •' [Price One Shilling.] ■1 4 •i 'f ■> ^1 \ -^ .A roiw X"^ I CANDOR prefents bis Compliments t9 Mr, Almon, afid dejires he will convey for htm the following Letter, a fmall part of which has been printed already. As Mr, Almon has hitherto piiblijhed nothing but what is in oppo- Jit ion to the prefent Minijlry^ Candor thinks it is high time for him to Jhew Jbme impartiality^ by Jet thug the world fee what may be f aid in favour of fome of the great men in office j and. for this reafon defires he will be the editor of the fubfequent pages. Seeing all people agree that the Liberty of the Prefs Jhould never be violated^ and that it does no fer^ce^ in the long run^ to any man that attempts /V, every Trinter f:ould be totally free, and therefore im- part ial, *- GrayVInn, Aug. 31, 1764. J LETTER, &c> ♦. SIR, ^^^$yP^S your correfpondent, Crito, has ^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ properly, in the Publick Ad- iy^ ^ ic^ vertifer of the 29th of laft month, )@(5§C ^ taken notice of the kte verdidls ob- . X^'^y^M tainea by the Government againll the Printers of the North Briton, No. 45. for a Libel ; Give me leave to add, that he fliould, at the fame time, have given due praife to the Great Jufticiary,''\vho tried the Defendants, for the legal part he aded upon that occafion. His LordHiip, in a very mallerly manner, interrupted the Counfel, and informed them, and afterwards, in an elaborate difcourfe, clearly inftru(fted the Jur)^, that the words in the Information, charging the Paper to have been publifhed with the moft wicked intent, in order to excite his Majefty's dutiful fubjedls to fedition, and charging it to be a falfe, fcandalous and feditious libel, were words of courfe, like corrupt in an indictment for Per- jury, or like thofe in an indidment for Murder, charging the murder to have been committed at I I ")* ( (> ) the Injlj^ation of the Drcil, and that the Juiy ought not to regard them at all, but to coniukT merely whether the Defendants had pubhlhed the Paper. His Lorfliip's Uiniining up was particu- larly lo!ig, pathetic, and explaniitory, and aboun- ded with well adapted oltlcrvations, and iiigeni- ous diitincHop.s. AmonJi; other llrikin'j; inilances, wherein lie pointed out the evil eitbct of this free Writer's papers, he mentioned, very jufily, the article ot Cyder, which has, as we all know, raifed fo much difcontent and ferment of late througiiout the greateft part of England. One would have thought a deliberate and able fpeech of this kind, upon a matter of very general con- fequence, deliver'd from the Bench by the fu- preme Magiftrate, under all the circumllances of folemnity, awe und refped: attending the higheft court of criminal jurifdi(!tion, efnecially when accompanied with an eafy, familiar, friendly and winning addrefs, would have intirely convinced any twelve unprejudiced and unlearned people. It mufl, in my confcience, have ilrongly affeded them. How could they, uninformed as they were beibrehand, in the lead wifhOand tiie firft La.w-judgc of the realm, upon a legal and con- flitutional point ! However, in fact, it ir.iifl: be admitted that the Jury doubted about thicir ver- dicl: for an hour and half, notwirh.flanding this clear inArudion from the Chief Jullice of Eng- land , imagining, I fuppofe, it was new dodtrine, ai)d that they were really at liberty to confider the whole nature and tendency of the publica- tion, and whether the paper was a fldfe and malicious libel or not, agreeable to what it was ,^Iiarged to be in the Information, and not mere- 4 ly (7) ]y who publlflied it ; concluding, probably, that if fuch reprefentatlon were immaterial, this Great Judge, who has fo much to Jiis reputation al- ready very greatly Ihortened and altered the ufual proceedings in all caufes and trials, would have long ago forbid the crown-pleaders to infert fuch unnecellary words, and have reduced the charge to a mere averment of the fad, that fuch perfons pub- liflied fuch a paper, without giving any name or character to it at all. And, in truth, it were much to be willjcd that thcie flrange charges, io ufelefs and expenfive, Ihould be totally omitted for the fu- ture. For, Juries, after being fworn, are folemn- ly bid to i itjn to the charge wliereon they are to pafs between the King and the Defendant, and then have the whole of thefe lono; informations gravely read to them, without any diftindion of parts, whereby they mud ever be led into a notion that they are bound, on the oaths they have taken, to confider the whole of what is fo read to them, as their charge, and to determine thereon j and l{ is well known that Juries, at befl, are but too apt to form flrange judgments, and to do the wrong thing. Indeed, 1 remember, not many years ago, to have heard a very grear Law-oraclePiip- on a motion for a new trial, take the opportunity of pronouncing it as his opinion, to the admiration of e\'ery body, that '* the Trial by Jury was a very " bad fort of trial, and would be the worft of " all, were it not for the controlling power of " Judges by the granting of new trials," &c. Now the law touching Libels, is a matter far above the reach of any Jury ; and it is not Lor4 i ^ j ****)K^j*:}j:jj ^jj^^j. has ilarted the notion, or broach- ed a new opinion. In the end of Charles the Se- B 2 cond's (8 ) cond's reign, that great and famous Judge, Lord Chief Juftice Jeffreys, faid the fame thing. Look into the State-trial of Sir Samuel Bernardiilon, for a Lihcl in thofe days, in puhlifliing fome let- ters on the behalf of Algernon Sidney aijd Lord Ruflell, which hii^hly reficdled on the King and his Government, and you will find, that when the Counfcl for the Defendant pretended that the part of the Information, which charged thefe letters to be a falfe, fcandalous, and fediti- ous libel, was a matter for the Jury's confidera- tion, that able Chief Juftice interrupted him, and faid, " Let us have none of that Doclrine. The Law fupplies the proof- the thing itlelf fpeaks malice and fedition, As it is in Mur- der, we fay always in the Indidtnient : He did it by the inftigation cf the Devil. Can the Jury find he did it not by fuch inftigation ? So in Liformations, for offences of this nature, we fliy, He did it falfely, malicioufly, and fe- ditioufly ; which are the formal words : but the nature of the thing neccllarily imports Malice, Reproach, and Scantlal to the Go- vernment : there needs no proof but of the fad" done, the Law fupplies the relL" And the fame Lord afterwards, in fumming up to the Jury, enlarged upon, and enlorccd the lame Arguments, fiying, among other things, " The " proof of the thing itfcif proves the evil mind it was done with. If then, Gentlemen, you believe the Defendant did write and publifli thefe letters. That is proof enough of the words Malicioufly, Seditioufly, and Fadioufly, laid in the Information. It is higli time for *' all mankind to beftir themfelvcs to rid the ** nation cc o ) agreeable arul conciliating dcmcanc^r, to a Jury, is univt'iUilly admired, I prefLiinc their natural tempers mufl be very different, as well as their original conncdions and educations ; in all pro- bability, the Great f.ord now living, has many aecomplidimcnts of Art and Eloquence, which the otiier v. .iiitcd ; and he has withal I had the ad- vantage of havijig ever pradtifed in Courts of Equity ; which circumfiance alone furpriiingly foftens tlie Rigor of the old Common Law, and jiccomniodatcs it more to the humour and turn of the age. In lliort, he perceives how litdc regard the old adjiiciications deferve from a change in the times. He is" be fides fo peculiarly acute, ref.ned, and logical, in his diAindions between cafes of Law, which, to ordinary men, feem to be the fame, and to be cafes in point ; and, in trials by Jury, he is fo able in fcparating or af* fembling (as the caufe may require) the diffa- rent parts of the teftimony, and in pafling over or (lurring one fad as immaterial, and enforcing another as material • that he never fails of carry- ing, to every auditor at the time, the appearance of right or wrong along with him. What a hap- pinels therefore it is to have one's fuit determi- ned, or tried, by a perfon of fo nice a difcern- mcnt, and of io much judgment and capacity ! He is fo happy, likewiie, in a memory, that he forgets nothiijg, and therefore wants no repe- tition of matters that have been once laid before him : infomuch that he can deliver the evidence, or, at IcaiT", what he may regard as tlie neceflary part of it, by his memory alone, and as it were in a fpeech, without haying much recourfe to his notes, or to the ufual dull way of rehearfing it ( «> ) It word for word. T!u' flrcn(»t!i of his fiicnltlcs of remembrance cannot he i:>cttcr ilhiOratctl than bv a famiHar and domcftic, but vcrv rcinarkahic inllancc of the fairhfuhiefi of his rccollcc^tion, and that is, that he can even rcmeiiibcr all the heaitiis he himfelf has drank liiKx hh being twelve, or, at moii, fourteen years of a'^e. liis predeccllors, it is true, Iiad every aflidavit read over and over again, and ufed merely to iVick to the letter of old precedents in points of Law ; and, in trials by Jury, were religioullv accullomed to write down, and afterwards mod: re^^^nlarlv to read out, every tittle of the evidence as it had been deli- vered, with little or no obfervation, leaving the Jury to judge of the fads in their own way, and according to their ov/ii underftandings. But, ia^ the end of all Law is fubllantial JulHce, if That be obtnincd, in fpitc of old rules or old cafes, Is it not fo much the better for the fub- je(ft ? efpecially if it be compalfed in lefs time, -and in a more fummary way. ^ Let men, jiowevcr, difl'er ever fo widely in other refpeds, I hope for t'ne peace of the com- munity, that the trials which gave rife to this letter, will never be foro;ntten, and that unlearned men will acquiefce in the reipcdable authorities which I have quoted, and ccafe to refled upon government, or the ways of adminiltration and publick juflice. In God's name, what bufjnefs have private men to write or to fpeak about pub- lick matters ? Such kind of liberty leads to all forts of licenfe and obloquy, the very reverfe of politenefs -, and the greateil: man, be he ever fo cautious, if fuch things are endured, may be traduced, - But : I I I ( 12 ) But what need I (ay any thing more upon this head, when both Houfes of ParHamcnt have lately exprefled their deteflation of hbellous of-^ fences fo ftrongly, as to put the writing of a libel upon the footing of an iid?ual breach of the peace- and not merely of the doing of fomething that may, by poffibility, produce a breach of the peace, or that tend'^ to, or niay excite people to break it, Whether any body is, or is not, provoked by writings under this denomination, to do any thing in confequence thereof, fuch publication alone (as I conceive) is neverthelefs, v/ithin the fpirit of their rclblution, to be proceeded againft as an a^u^i breach of the peace. So that if any Mem- ber write any thing that refleds upon the Admi- jiilh-ation, the Attorney General has it in his power to denominate what is fo written a Libel, tQ. iile an Information ex Officio (that is, of his own mere authority, without leave from any Court ^f Law, Prclentment of a Juftice of Peace, finding of a Grand Jury, or information upon oath from, any pevfon whatfoever) againft the fuppofed writer, and the Court of King's Bench will thereupon immediately grant a warrant for his apprehenlion, and he will be obliged, by virtue thereof, not only to find bail, that is, pledges for his appear- ance before a Jury, to try the truth of the charge ; that is, to fubmit the matter to the judgment of liis country, but alfo [as 1 colletft from the ar- guments ufed upon the occafion] to find fure- ties for the peace, or his good behaviour in the mean time, as a creature of fo violent and perni-* cious a difpofition, that the world cannot be in fafety, if he be permitted to go at large, without very fufRcient caution and aflurance for his peace- { ) 1 this have IS of- . iibei )eace- 5 that 3eace, ydk it. ed by thing alone fpirit as an Vlem- \dmi- in his bel, tc^ S OWJl )urt ^f nding fvonx writer, \ eupon nfion, not ipear- large ; lent of le ar- fure- in the pernio be in without or his peace- V peaceable demeanour therein. If any Member of Parliament then rehifcs to find fuch fecuri- tics for his future good behaviour, he will bo committed till tried, and if he lliould be acquit- ted of the chaigc by a Jury, v\'ho fhould con- ceive that he never wrote or publidied what was charged, or tliat what he wrote was no hbel ; he will neverthclefs be entitled to no amends upon tliC fcore of his imprifonment : but in the firll of tliclb cafes mud take v/hat has happened for being of io fufpicious a charadler, and, in the latter, regard it as the mere political confequence of treading fo near upon the borders of fedition. By the fimple charge of a libel in an information by an Attorney General, all this may be brought about, and any reprefentative of the people in- ftantly lofe his privilege of parliament, and be arrefted forthwith. All the Judges, indeed, be- fore whom this queffion firft came, were unanl'- moufly of opinion, after taking feveral days to confider thereof, that the privilege of Parliament was not thus at the mercy of the King*s Attor- ney General ; but, they were all of them mifta- ken, and let me add not a little afperfed and ridi- culed, (notwithlfanding the old and reverend intrenchment of dignity and folemnity with which their offices are defended, and the oath under which they execute them) for pretending to de- cide about privilege, and for prefuming to con- ifrue the words of a refolution of either hou(e, although they were legal and technical words j and in particular for io rafli, fo erroneous, fo unworthy, and fo unbecoming a determination as this was. Now, if this be fo in the cafe of a Member of P'^iiiament, who is a confti- C tuen^ ( H ) tuent part of the Legidature itfelf, How can any Particular think himfelf fafe in calling in queftion with his pen, any adion of a Minifter ? And, Why fhouid he ? The advantage of inof- fenfive fpeech or writing, and of abfolute fub- niiffion to government, is fo great, that I am fure every rhan ought to rejoice in fuch wholefome regulations. For, perhaps, a flight fubfequent error of condudt might induce a Judge to be of opinion that a man had forfeited the pledges for his -good behaviour ; or, at leaft, might be fuffi- cient to involve him in a long and expenlive liti- gation with the Crown. A man once charged with writing a libel, might be eafily caught this way, whatever fliould become of the original profccution on the libel itfelf. It feems to me to be really an excellent device for keeping the fcrib- bling race from meddling with political queflions, at lealt from ever drawing their pens a fecond time upon fuch- fubjeds. All the reafons, I fup* pofe, that wit, ingenuity or learning, could invent in behalf of parliamentary privilege in the cafe of the mere charge of a libel, may be fcen, by the curious examiner into this point, colledled and fet in a flrong light in the late proteft of Ibme dii- conterited Peers ; and yet, altho' all theie very reafons were urged at the time "viva -lorCj a Ma- jority of Members in the two Floufes, in this country of Liberty, being overcome bv the Hill more cogent reafons given by the Minillry, con- curred in declaring that prhilege of parliament does not exte?2d to the cafe of writing and ptiblijL^ ing feditious libels, nor ought to he allowed to ob- Jif'u^ the fpeedy and effe&ual profeciiticn of Jo hei- nous mid dangerous an offence. It was the more necef- k;Vis» { 15 ) ncceflary, indeed, to come to fuch a refolutlon, becaufe there was no exprefs cafe adjudged in the Courts below, wherein fureties for the good be- haviour in matters of libel had been enforced, when oppofed by the party accufcd, altho' three or four cafes of private men, not members of cither houfe, had happened within the memory of all the great Lawyers now living, where furety for keeping the peace had been ftrongly inlifted upon by the Attorney-General, and refufed by the fuppofed libellers, and wherein, in order to try the point with the Crown, thefe lafl:, whilft in cuftody, fued iU (C (C (16) tViink it expedient to call for thsir opinion upon the point. This, however, is certain, that one very illuftrious Jadge,'''u'ho had himiclf been of counfel for the luppoied Hbeller, Mr. Amherft, was fo far from being tkar in this circumilance, that he declared to their Lordlliips iipon tlie oc- cafion, *' Ihould the lii\e point be ever mooted " before him, he would, he was refolv'd, call " in all the other Judges of England, and have " it mofb foleninly argued, and take all their opinions thereupon, as upon a thing of confe- quence that ought to be fettled:" and, yet his memory is fo exteii five, and his attention fo great, to matters of political concern, tliat I make no doubt but his Lordfliip ftill retains all the precedents he formerly gathered, and very well knows of what import they are. What render>- cd this new parliamentary refolution flill more neceflary, was the mifconllrudion put by all the Judges of the Common Pleas (the only Court before w'hich the fame had ever come) upon tlie words of the former rcfoUitiors of parliament with regard to privilege. This Common Bench had conlidered the cafes where ilircty of the Peace could be required as cafes always of ncliuil brertcb of the Fiiice. which thcv did ;:ot conceive a Li^ bel to be, whatever its ttnutJiCy wa^, or cifeit might be, upon other people, that is, upon thole who were not the authors or publifliers. But, they are now fet ri?-ht in this matter, with re- gard to Parliament-men at leafl:, for no Mem- ber of either Ploufe (as I apprehend) is at pre- fent intitled to privilege from imprifonment of his perfon for refuting to furnii'h fecurties for his good behavio'r-, wlien charged v/ith uttering a ' , 'r-^'tu /'l^ ' Libel • ( '7 ) Libel 5 whatever may be the opinion of any com- jnon man who fliould hereafter be fo charged, and, like an obflinate fellow, make a fland, inlilt upon the contrary, and have the point folemnly argued in the Court of King's Bench. The Lords, fuitably to their dignity, determined this queftion themfelves, without calling in the ad- vice of the Judges ; for, though the words to be conflrued, were legal and technical words, yet, as they were made ufe of by their Lordfliips, and related to privilege, they held it beneath the Peerage to i all for Judges to expound their mean- ing. The Peers, therefore, adopted the refolu- tion of the Commons ; neither of the Houfes conceiving they thereby broke in upon the rights of the people of England at large, in thus fiibjeding their Reprefentatives to the reftraints of a King's Attorney General, or gave up there- by any part of their own independency on the Crown ; as not believing (I prefumc) that any Attorney General would be fo hardy as to file Informations againfl Members of either Houfe, on the fuggeftion of their being Libellers, and thereupon at any pinch, or critical time, im- prifon their perfons, merely for the fake of pre- venting their attending any particular vote or de- bate ; altho', perhaps, an able Attorney General might contrive fo to do impunedly, colore officii. But fuch a cafe, in fad:, is never to be fuppofed by any man of the world, who is thoroughly well bred. Some late Sermons, which I have heard of, and a ftnfible, little ecclefiaftical piece, in one of the News-papers (the Gazetteer) of this day, iigned R. M. makes me hope and think, nay, foretel C 18 ) foretel, that the Pulpit will loon lend its fa^ cred aid to the eftablirhment and corroboration of a perfedl harmony and peace among our- Iblves, and a Loyal and Chrillian fubmiflion to authority, and the powers above us. Indeed, the High Church always ufed fo to do ; and for that realbn has ever gone hand and hand with loyal- ty ; infoniuch that I remember the t;imc when a ^reat many of the prefent courtiers joined them jn their healths 5 the firft toaft after dinner be- ing conftantly Church and King ; and perhaps, from thence did thefe Gentlemen fo univerfally, at that time of day, bear the name of Honeft Men, whatever fuch ludicrous wags as Mr. Wilkes may have fince flung out to their preju-. dice. R. M. is, in my opinion, very properly led by the prefent fadlious difcourfes againft the late peace *' to lament the miferable fituation of a people governed more by the caprice of party, than by that obedience to our Prince, which the principles of Chriflianity (from an obfervance of which, we alone hope for hap- pinefs hereafter) fo ftrongly perfuade us to ; and which naturally prompts him to propofe this queftion : Whether a compliance with the Divine Will, as revealed in Scripture, if we pay any regard to it, is not more confi- ftent with our peace of mind, permanent hap- pinefs and fecurity, than any other principle we poflibly can be governed by ?" This Di- vine, therefore, makes it a part of Chriftianity to be obedient, as I apprehend, to every Admini- llration. Now, if all Parfons would preach the lame dofi'rine, fome political, as well as fpiri- tual, good might ^rife from frequent church- '-'- ■ ... going. (< cc cc << cc cc i< (( (C (( *" / tne (k^ / ay / (20) the decres of providence ; and for that reafon, I pre fume, has preferred for the prefent hfe, as in duty bound, his Mailer above, to his Mafler be- low. One need not, therefore, be an extraordi- nary Critic to find out the true reading of the Prelate's text, or be at any lofs in expounding the docflrine, either exoteric or efoteric, which he he holds forth. Some readers, I allow, diffent from my interpretation, form a very different idea of his Majier hclrr-v\ and will have it, that this Gentleman has a confiderable influence over him at prefent ; however, as theirs is a malig- nant, unchriflian expoiition, I fliall follow the rule of law ; and, where words are capable of two fenfes, take them /';/ mitiori Jcnfu, But there is no end of feleding particulars from the Re- verend Bench, to prove how much, by their adlions and difcourfes, they illuflrate public vir~ tue or piety ^ and private friendjhip or gratitude. In fliort, they are always for recommending the blefTings of concord. It is, I trufl, the principle of Piety which makes them concur fo chear- fully, and unanimoufly, for the moft part, with all Miniflers, obferving no worldly diftindions of perfons or parties. They live in brotherly love with all Mankind, and worfliip alone the father of peace j or, to fpeak more according to their own emphatical language, the Great peace-maker.''^/ And indeed, their condud: is of much force, and muft make a flrong impref- fion, as it is always accompanied with a decent, holy deportment ; which induces the beholder to confider it as proceeding intirely from the true fpirit of the Goljpet. And fuch among the beil men is the force of good example, that . you r^ "** A ifon, I :, as in }er bc- raordi- of the ing the [ich he difTent liffcrcnt it, that ,ce over mahg- ow the lable of ut there the Re- y their "atitude, ling the .rinciple chear- t, with nations rotherly Dne the cording Great Ct is of impref- decent, eholder om the ong the le, that you ( 21 ) you fcarcely ever fee two Bifliops diffenting from their brethren in a debate. I'hey are ever re- figned to the will of the Great Difpofer of all /// things. Twenty- fix fuch men, who would not only ad: unanimoufly, but be earneft alfo in their refpedtive diocefes in preaching up unanimity and true concord to all men, and in recom- mending the fame dodrine to their inferior and fubordinate Clergy, might, in my poor appre- henfion, do a great deal of good in a few years, in thefe degenerate times ; and therefore it is with infinite pleafure that I fee an appearance of Piety fo encouraged and countenanced at Court, and the fpirit of the Great Lord 4o ftrong- ly difFufing itfelf, by degrees, m this kingdom. We have had nothing like it fince the time of Charles the Firft, excepting a little gleam, of fliort-lived duration, under Queen Anne. I do not therefore difcommend R. M. for labouring in this his vocation, even in the Common News- papers 'y as I know that devout Divines fay, one fhould be inftant at all times, both in feafon and Cut of feafon, and in all places, in preaching up the healing do6trine of peace, and good will to mankind, and in exhorting all men (to bor- row the words of a learned, but fubordinaJte, Judge'^at the conclufion of his charges) to fear God and honour the King. I cannot help remarking, that people are by far too apt, at all times, to believe amifs of great men, and to talk, and even to write at random, to their difadvantage. Not long lince. Lord Chief Juftice Pratt was abufed in one of your news-papers, for having approved fome illegal General Warrants, which ifTued whilft he was D Attorney !■- (H'^ ( 22 ) . . Attorney General from Mr. Secretary Pitt's office. Now, the fadt is, that he never was confulted at all, and but once even fpoke to, about any Se- cretary's warrant ; and then, as Mr. Pitt avowed in a certain auguft Aflembly, " his friend, the Attorney, told him, the warrant 'would be iik- galy and if he iffued it^ he muft take the coufe- quence ', neverthelefs, preferring the General Safety in time of war and publick danger to every perfonal conlideration, that he run the rifk (as he would of his head, had that been the forfeit, upon the like motive) and did an extraordinary adt, againft a fufpicious foreigner ^ juil come from France; that he was ready to anfwer it before his country, if they called nim to an account ; and that, in his opinion, the apparent necelfity of the thing, and the real exigency of the time, muft always be the teft, *' and alone vindicate, and be the fafeguard of any Minifter, who, at a crifis, exceeds the known laws of his country." By the bye. Why this Minifter, on account of his popularity, or this his bold defiance, fliould not be brought before the Public to anfwer for fuch a breach of the law, notwithftanding his pretences of its being in the caufe of the nation, in time of actual war againft their moft formidable enemy, and not for the fake of wreaking a perfonal rcfcntmcnt againft any particular party- writer, i do not well fee. No- thing but theprefentMiniftry's lenity,together with a peaceablenefs of dilpolition arifing from a natural iirmnefs of mind, and a confcioufncfs of real power, as well as an unv/illingnefs to be fevere, where no immediate ill confequences followed,. and where the people did not cry out, can be any thing *i^ I *il V. -> ,. '(H) vcd ; but no Court of Juflicc, when Judgment upon the Verdid: is moved for, will fine a man more than a few rtiillings, upon its appearing from the whole of the evidence (which, by the bye, is always reported by the Judge who tried the caulc) that the Defendant did not know he had been ading againll law ; and more ef- pecially if there was a want of proper advice at hand, a necelTity of doing fomething, and no appearance of paffion, violence, and precipita- tion in the tranfadlion. The higher the flation of the perfon is in the ftate, the greater will be the infult undoubtedly ; as more circumfpec- tion and caution, and tiie befl of legal informa- tion, and tlie mod regular proceeding, will, in fuch a cafe, be expeded, out of reverence to the flate and conftitution itfelf. In a Houfe of Par- liament, after inquiry, and finding that nothing in defiance of the laws was defigned, no more, I fhould imagine, than a cenfure would be aimed at by any moderate members, and no bill for infliding pains and penalties, or articles of im* peachment be brought in, or even thought of ; unlefs it appeared that the criminal was too great for ordinary Juftice, or avoided and dtlay'd it, or elfe play'd with it by chicanery and fubterfuge, that is, attempted to elude and fru Urate the fane-- tions and compulfions of a Court of JuiiiceJiJ and, by an abufe of the law of his country, to pervert its fines and penalties by the hand of pov^ jr, and the collufion of office ; inftead of throwing himfelf upon the mercy of the Public, aiking pardon, and confeffing his error, and there- by atoning for what he had done, for the ftab he had fo unadvifedlv made at the vitals of the M ^/ -^ .^'A^ ^/^ con^ ;ment L man taring )y the tried know re ef- advice nd no :ipita-. Nation r will nfpec- brma- ill, in to the f Par- othing more, aimed ill for )f im^ It of; great |y'd it, fuge, fane-- diceji] y, to nd of ad of ublic, there- flab )f the con* u ) (25) conftltution itfelf. One need not, however, fup- pofe cafes to (hew that Mercy is commendable at all times* cfpecially if it fhould chance that the perfon,' ''principally concerned in the outrage committed, fhould be uuiverfally allowed to be one of the iaircft and moH: amiable characters of the age, whatever his Attorney or Attornies might be. But, ftridly fpeaking, Injufticc cannot be ju- ftified, let it be committed ever fo unwittingly, by any plea in law whatfoever. A man can on- ly juflify what he has done when he has adled as the Law permits under fpecial circumftan- ces J and when he can do that, he has no need of pardon or mercy. On the contrary, when he has done what cannot be juftified under any circumftances, although it may be from igno- rance, and not from malice, yet he muft be found guilty j but he will always, neverthelefs, be fuffered to give the favourable particulars of his cafe in evidence, that they may be reported, in mitigation, that is, in alleviation of his fine and punifhment, to the Court. A man, who has at any time, or in any way, been mifled by foolifh or iniquitous precedents, like fo many ig' nesfatui ; or by any, but wilful, ignorance and prefumption, is the proper objedl of pardon with the Crown, or of mercy and very flight punifh- ment with the Court of King's Bench ; where too he will never fail of meeting with it. Excufe this long differtation on a very plain point ; for, according to my obfervation, a cer- tain truth is not always fufficiently attended to, namely, that the manner of doing a thing is of- tentimes of more confequence than the thing it- ftlf. I do not venture to fay thus much, be- (26) caufe Mr. Pitt is out of power 5 I fliould have faid the fame had he beeii in. I am not in the intimacy, much lefs in the pay, of the prefent, or any other, adminiftration. In fhort, I am of no party. A man may think very differently from the great men of either fide, upon many important points ; and yet have an extremely good opinion of the integrity of feveral who are in, as well as of feveral who are out, of place. Their adions and management are alone the objed: of difinterefted fpeculations ; and great allowances are, I know, to be made for the mi- ftakes, obliquities, and even injuftices, of mini- fterial, political condudl in any great kingdom, A Jobb, or even the wafte of public treafure, is a temporary, and much lefs evil, than any vio- lation of law that lays the foundation for arbi- trary rule, and faps the conftitution to its bottom. In fliort, to ufe the expreflion of a confummate /'/ lawyer upon the fame fubjedt 5 " In fuch ex- ** treme cafes I like to fpeak out ; and what I " am afraid of is the Power of the Crown.'* It is the confequence of eftablifhing dangerous precedents, that is fo much to be dreaded, when Secretaries of State depart from the Laws to attain a favourite point, and the King's Attorney General cither fets up a pretended prerogative for a defence, or elfe devifes means for the fmother- ing or defeating of all profecution : in a word, when the fervants of the Crown ufe the utmoft of their abilities, and their power of office, to prevent and to baffle the moft regular purfuits of Juftice, and thereby exceedingly aggravate the original offence. If an alarming Pradlice has been once brought to light, and inquired into, \. »» l) t .\ I .4 (27) nnd not condemned, although clearly unwarrant- able; it will look to pofterity as if, upon exa- mination, it were found to be legal, or, at moft, but dubious. This, therefore, becomes the great grievance j for otherwife, perhaps, no in- different man would care at all for the fate of the perfon who occafioned the queftion. So common, indeed, is it for mankind to err without defign, in the exercife of legal power, that, by a late acfl: of parliament, all Juftices of the Peace have a month, after notice of their having abufed their authority, to make or offer amends to the Party injured, before he fhall be at liberty to bring any adion for the recovery of damages. Now, Great Minifters are hardly more knowing in the Laws, or more cautious in the execution of their offices, and might there- fore very well expedt a limilar indulgence. The pradlice, in truth, in the Secretary of States of- fices, has always been to afk no advice at all, but that of their own law-clerk, and to iffue thefe General Warrants as occafion required, and to take the form from any precedent that hap- pended to be among the papers of their office. And a State Law-clerk knows even lefs of the law than an Attorney, or any Solicitor to the Trea- fury. However, if any perfon within the lafl defcription,»'^4aking upon himfelf to do the legal part, Should not only once execute an illegal warrant, but fhould a fecond time, and fome days afterwards, when it was thought proper to take up other people, upon being defired and di- redled to make ufe of frefli warrants for the pur- pofe, officioufly and arbitrarily fay, " No, no, " the oM will do well enough ; " and fhould f I . "^ ( 28 ) thereupon, without any regard to decency, oi* the appearance of law, thus outrag€oufly violate the fubjedt, with old procefs fun6lm officio j I fhould imagine he ought not only to be difmiffed from his employ by any Miniftry, but be expel- led from every fociety or alTembly of which he TXras a member, and be branded belides by the Public ; let him be Attorney, Solicitor or Counfel, or half one, and half the other, and perjured or not, at Weft minder or Guilford, either recently or many years ago. With repedt to the Warrants publickly conl- plained of, it was notorious, and muft be a mat- ter of fatisfadlion to every body, that not on^ of the prefent Miniftry attempted to juftify the lega^ lity of them ; they knew too much of the law from their early ftudies, and had too much good fenfe to attempt any fuch thing. In reality, their patriot hearts melted within them, and by degrees difclofed and brought forth their fentiments to the contrary ; excepting however the Perfon vulgarly ftyled, in Law-lLatin, Diabolus Regis f^ho faid, " He had formed his opinion, but would keep it " tohimfelf," that nobody ftiould be the wifer or } the better for it ; imagining, I prefume, he ftiould adl out of charader, in that place, by doing otherwife ; or furely the politenefs of his difpoft- tion would have led him to indulge the Commons of England, when fummoned and met as the grand inqueft of the nation exprefly for inquiry, confultation and advice, with the beft of his thoughts and judgment upon the fubjed:. The great Lawyers and Advocates for the Crown, 'the ableft Council and Do6lors( even joined to amend the queftion firft propofed by the oppofition, and altered Ht? ///^/- (■ i \ f'H*'-? ■%. ' 1 • I I \ (29) mtered It again and agaiiij in order to render jf more explicit, inromuch that every by-ftander at firfl ima2;ined they intended to vote for it alfo ; but, in fddl, the whiolc of this their dubious and feemingly perplexed proceeding, arofe frdrn their anxiety for a full and fair dlfcuifion of the legal va- lidity of General Warrants, to the end, as t con- ceive, that all the world might fee (as, indeed, they did at laft) that nothing at all could be faid in. fupport of them. No end could be more lauda- ble, or more perfedly anfvvered -, for, after the utmoft refearches, no one cafe could be found by the moft learned, diligent and laborious inquifi- tors, wherein fuch a warrant had been adjudged legal. By Magna Chart a (the Great Charter of Englifh Liberty, fo much talked of, but fo little read) a Succeffion of Kings, with the advice of their Barons and Biijhops, and wife and great men in Parliament, declare and promulge to all the people of England, Nullus Liber Homo capiatur^ *uel imprifonetur^ aut dijfeiziatur de libera tenemento fuoy vel libertatibus^ vel libcris cofifuetudinibus fuis, aut utlagetur, aut exulet^ aut aliquo modo dejlriiatur 5 nee fupcr eum ibimns^ nee Jiipcr eum mitt emus ^ niji per legale judicium parium fuorum^ 'del per legem ierrce, Nul/i vendemus, Jiulli negabimus aut diffe^ remus re Bum n:el jujlitiam. How, therefore, could any but an illiterate and unthinking man conceive, that in time of perfed: tranquility both at home and abroad, a General Warrant which named no-body, could be deemed Lex Terrce or judicium Parium, fo as to authorize the feizure and clofe imprifonment of a Liber llomo^ without fome notorious change of the conllitution ia this capital point by King, Lords, ^tfacM^ ( 30 ) and Commons ? A warrant truly that commiflions three or four common MefTengers to take up the Authors, Printers and Publifliers of the Libel, and bring them together with their papers before a Secretary of State ! Could this be Law, which but to ftate in a country, not governed by will or pleafure, is to refute ; three or four of thefe Greyhounds, or ordinary Mefiengers, having no- body named in fuch warrant, miglu by virtue thereof have taken up ever fo many pcrfons in the kingdom, becaufe, forfooth, they fufpeded them to have a hand in the publication ! without any information upon oath, or fliadow of pofi- tive proof J and have then hurried them away diredly to the Iffuer of the Warrant, who might thereupon have committed them all to the clofefl confinement, out of poffibility of accefs to any one friend whatever. Even if fomebody had been named in the war- rant, muft there not be an Information upon oath, of his being Author, Printer or Publiflier ? And if fomebodv were named and alleo-ed to •I o be charged upon oath with being Author, Printer, or PubliHicr of a Libel ; could his Papers be feizeci ? Since the time of Algernon Sidney, and the reign of tlie lafl Stuart, every man that has thefnintefl notions of Law or Lihcrtv, muff know the pofition Scribcrc eft ogtrc has bt^cn condemn d, and that the mere wilting and leaving in one's own lludy, any difcourJe whatever, is not crimi- nal, it being no adl which the Law takes notice of; for, any man is at liberty to think, and to put what thoughts he pleafes upon paper, provided he does not publifh them. In the cafe, therefore, of a Libel, this inquilitorial power of ranfacking papers f -r l?t :jcc { be , J ;, f ind has ■ !■ (.'\V I 1 u, 1 [ ni- \ , -^ \\ (30 papers will not be endured. It would lead to the feizing of a man and his papers for a libel, againft whom there was no proof, merely flight fufpicion, under a hope that, among the private papers of his bureau, fome proof might be found which would anfwer the end. It is a fifhiniz; for evidence, to the difquiet of all men, and to the violation of every private right ; and is the moft odious and infamous a(ft, of the worfl: fort of in- quifitions, by the worft fort of men, in the moft enllaved countries : It is, in fliort, putting a man to the torture, and forcing him to give evidence againft himfelf. For, if a paper be found in any houfe, in the hand-writing of the Mafter, which fhould contain the words of the printed Libel, there is no doiibt but any Jury, upon proof of his hand, would find him the author; and this fort of evidence is permitted in matters of Mifdemeanor ; although, fince the reverfal, by Adt of Parliament, of Algernon Sidney's cafe, that is, fince the dominion of the Stuarts and their Judges, no proof from fimilitude or com- parifon of hands, notwithftanding the criminal writing be found in the cuftody of the perfon charged, has been deemed admifTible evidence in capital cafes. Nay, if it were once eftabliflied for law, that, on the mere charge of a Libel, by the Attorney General's filing an Information ex officio, a Secretary of State might grant his warrant for feizing the perfon thus charged, together with his papers ; it would foon become ufual, under the pretence of better keeping the Peace, to ex- crcife this power in very ordinary cafes, ^nd without any hefitation or fcruple ; and, by de- grees, men known to be in oppofition to the E 2 Miniftry, '■S??^'' i!?'»- a. %i ( 32 ) Miniflry, or in IntelH[^,encc with thofe who were, would have their ftudies rummaged, whenever a galling or abufive pamphlet came out, pnbli/h- cd, perhaps, on purpok ; under a frivolous pre- tence, that they were rumoured to be the writers or editors of it ; but reallv and truly, for the fake of getting at private corrcfpondence and con- nexions, and for the bufinefs of difarming oppo- fition, or defeating impeachment. /JThe Earl of Danby's feizure of Mr. Montagu's^ ^/papers, will fliew what may be the true motive to fuch a (lep. And, if the charge be a libel only, it matters not with what additions you endeavour to brand it, whether fcandalous, falfe, feditious, or treafon- able : call it what you will, for the fake of exci- ting the greater deteflation, it is ftill, in fadt, but a Libel, and you inform againft it merely as fuch. If you mean, that it fhould be treated as High Treafon, you mufl charge it as High Trcafon ; as was the cafe of reading a paper on Epping Forcil, to a multitude of people, exci-- ting them to rife and take up arms againft the Government itfelf ; than which, no flronger overt ail of High Treafon can well be committed. No lawyer, however complaifant, would talk of this laft as the cafe of publilhing a Libel'^nly, no more than in fpcaking of a Rape, he would call it an AfTault, or, in fpeaking of Murder, he would flyle it a Battery, (although, without doubt, om7ie majus in fe continet minus 5) unlefs he were talking to unlearned people, who knew /uthing of the nature or fpecies of crimes, after fome pre- meditation, with a view to deceive them, and to induce a belief, or, at leaft. raife a doubt at the time, that a man might be equally hanged for either. i -M a fj n ,#-. Sf I I o ii "n ( 33 ) cither. Now, in the cafe of High Trcafon, fo dangerous to the being of the whole Hate, it may not, perhaps, at particular junclurcs, be impro- per to fupport, or indemnify at lealt, even Secre- taries of State in the feiy.vire of papers, and of every thing elfe, however illegal, that may pof- fibly ferve to a difcovery and conviction of the Traitor. The doing of what may tend to dethrone a King, is of confequcnce to cvLvy individual ; but, the dethroning of a Minifler is not quite fo momentous a matter. And, after all, if in the warrants the Perfons to be feized had been ?2amed (and not left con- jedtural to the difcretion of the King's common Meflengers j) . and it had been alleged, that they were charged upon oath^ and there had been no dirediion to Jeize papers : under what law, or co- lour of law, could they be committed to clofe confinement and imprifonment [arBa cuflodia) upon the charge of a Libel only ? Another very great and important point for a conflitu- tional inquiry ! Is a man charged only with writing and publifldng a Libel, to be deprived of his liberty at once, and fo fliut up in gaol, that no friend is to have it in his power to come near him ? Will not common confinement be lufiicient cuftody in fuch a breach of the Peace, when charged only, and that ex officio^ and be- fore one tittle of proof be given, and this too in the cafe of one of the Reprefentatives of the Com- mons of England ? I cannot help faying, I am furprized that this lafl: point has never been agi- tated ; for it feems to me to be of very great confequence. I am fure it was not owing to the Miniftry, for they appear to have been very rea- dy i^ i !>' ( 34 ) dy and dcrirous to have agreed to any queftioa that might tend to the thorougheft difcullion of every part of this vexatious cafe, for their own information as well as for the benefit of the pub- lic ; and it is this perfuafion which induces me to throw out my private and impartial thoughts upon tlie fubjedt. It is under fuch mild, intel- ligent and inquifitive adminiftrations, that thefc great conflitutional points can alone he fairly dif- culTed. Many of my difficulties have been very fatisfacflorily entered into, but thatof theclofeim- prifonm'ent has not, I think, been yet examined. As to the truth, candor, and legality of the return to the firft Habeas Corpus^ by thpfe who had feized and carried off the Libeller and his Papers, namely, that they had him not in their ciijiodyy having juft before (and after being told that a Habeas Corpus was coming for him) hur- ried him away into other cuftody, in fhort, to the Tower, I do not mean to put any queftion ; although, perhaps, a Court of Law might not hold this to be a fatisfadtory reply to a peremptory order for bringing the body of the Perfon feized, together with the caufe of his feizure ; becaufe, if it were, every Habeas Corpus might be eafily eluded, by only changing the cuftody of the Pri- foncr from time to time, toiics quoties. A Court might expe ■f !\ P ■: tj ( 35 ) " ing, whether he chole to have a clean fiiirt, " fhoes and flockings,"'vor even his Jhaving things, is too ridiculous to be noticed ; the Ible queftion here being, By vvliat rlp;ht or colour of law he was ordered to clofe imprijoiwrnit^ and de- barred from the acccls of his own friends and fervants ? and not what pcrfonal reparation (lioiild be made to him for the bodily injuries he had fuftained thereby. But, as I lliid before, I fliall not alk any quellions upon this head j although the whole of the tranfadlion is very fruitful of points from the beginning to the end, in every Hep of the proceedings, and of important points, which nearly and intimately conned: with the Conftitution, and touch the liberty of every man living under it. The Reprefentatives of the Commons of Eng- land took up the confideration with fpirit, and the great men in office, to give them their due, exprelTed a natural folicitude through the whole progrefs of the Inquiry. When the illegality of the Warrants was made clearly to appear, and any man was defied to fupport their law-^ fulnefs ; and it was even fiid, that it would be \^i%J an infult upon common itwi^ to pretend fo toj do j the Miniflry, very confidently, moved to' adjourn, declaring the houfe was no place for the determination of points of Law, (unlefs pri* vilege, I prefume, were connedted therewith ;) and thereupon the Floui'e did adjourn, in or- der to let matters fland upon the old footing. Indeed, out of compaiiion to two worthy, but ignorant, Member9(^>Who flood accufed for exe- icuting fuch illegal Warrants, they came to a re- [folution to juftify and acquit them, under the crvci i£M^^ ,-<. •-./« ( 36 ) fpeclal circumftances of the cafe ; and, pcr^^ haps, even this tlicy might not have done, had not a great, but moderate. Lawyer; not long be- fore in liigh oflice, and then appearing, as it were^ in oppoiition, U\\d he *' candidly thouglit, all things *« conlicicred, the circumftances would amount to ** a i'jflincation." It is otherwile not improbable the prcicnt Mniiflry, fo open v/ere they to con- vidion, would have found them guilty (that is, of acting contrary to the Laws, in executing a Warrant fundamentally illcgnl) upon this well known principle, fo much before dwelt upon, that noibiiig illegal in ilfilf can he jiiftijicd^ but have immc-;diately afterwards declared the prac- tice of their olEce, and the circumflai^ces of their cafe, to be fo ifrong a plea in mitigation of da- mages, that they thought it the propereft cafe in the world for ir.ercy ; and have therefore ex- cufed them from all forts of punifhment. But fuch was this candid and niach reputed Lawyer's inliuence and weight, with both parties, at that iundure, that they all fubmitted implicitly to what he had only dropped for law. Nay, the Mini- flry even ottered, at lart, to bring in a bill for fettling the power of Secretaries of State for the future, upon a hint of the propriety thereof, that fell from the fame candid Lav^yer. And, by the bye. How could a party, at whofe head was a chiefj^^that acknowledged he had, when in office himfelf, knowingly ifTued an illegal War- rant, becaufe he imagined the fafety of the -com- monwealth required it, rejedl the indulgent offer of a bill for eftablifhing for ever fuch a power in Minifters, under fome few conditions, to be guardedly worded ? Nay, when fuch a Bill was a<^uallyi ., v bi I, had ig be- L were^ things ount to robable :o con- that is, :uting a :ii8 well t upon, fied, but he prac- 5 of their 1 of da- reft cafe efore ex- tnt. But Lawyer^s s, at that ly to what :he Mini- a bill for ite for the -reof, that And, by - head was when in legal War- ,f the -com- algent offer h a power ions, to be I a Bill was aauaiiy ' (37) ri(5i:ually moved for, by a man as l jcIi in iiiJe- pendent as any in\ycftminffcr, a grav ar .i Ic .led Privy Counfclloi^, whodiflinguiflicd i imlelf . loiit the years 1743, 1745, and 1746, as much in behalf of the Protedant Religion as of the Re- volution, in fupport of all Loyal Britons, fome- times as a Counfel, and fometimes as a Juftice of Peace ; but never more confpicuoufly, or intre- pidly, tiian by prefenthig the AJjociation^ in the year 1745, as dangerous and illegal, as an adual breach of the peace, and as coming very little fhort of Treafon itfelf ; the perverfe and unto- ward Minority, inftead of Ihewing any refpcdl or deference to the perfon of this wife Senator, loyal Englifliman, and faithful Counfellor, ,tho* the folemn oracle too of a refpedtable body that had fupported the late Miniflry of Mr. Pitt throughout, exprefTed their contempt of his pro- pofition, by leaving the Houfe to a Man. It is true, the worthy Knight fpoke with a good deal of phlegm, and an air of indifference and coldnefs, but that was always his wonted manner ; and as to his not being feconded vv^armly, and in down- right earneft (as it is called) That proceeded (as I guefs) from the Minifler's not chufing to drav/ and word a bill of fuch confequence v/ithout the concurrence of thofe who had talked fo much and fo loudly upon the fubjed:, not relying alto- gether, perhaps, even upon the candid Lawyer's *i ^ attendance, although, in his ufual, qualifying way, he had dropped that " a Bill might be drawa '* with fuch claufcs, and fo worded, as would ** anfwer the pu.rpole, and that he would rea- " dily lend his affiftance therein, fhould fuch a *^ one be moved and brought in, and a commit- fa/ VC. 13' f'^-A-tC*-/ ^^^r\jt ^. ( sn " tec appointed thereupon." Tiic Minillry, moft: certainly, were not fuch poor politicians, as mere- ly for conllicnce-rake, to force on a bill of fo nice and liillicult a conipolltion, and lb liable to be called, by the Malevolent, An ylB for giving jnorc power to Minillers^ liotwithftnnding the large- ncfs of their Majority. Afcer being heartily flap- ped on one fide of the face, obilinately to hold out the other to the like treatment, would be, now-a-dayvS, a flrange kind of primitive good- nefs. By the mere offer of fuch a bill (to bor- row the expreflion'of a certain talking Alderman)/ liber arunt aninias fuas. And who can blame Men, in times of clamour, for going no farther, and for a little wordly attention ? Doubilefs, they would be content rather to lie under an undefer- ved imputation of not being in earned when thc^ talked of a bill, and of their throwing it out merely as a tub for the Leviathan of oppofition to play with, tlian enter into another long and hot field of difputation and wrangling, the end of Vvhich is not always to be forefeen j when at the worfl, tliev are furc of having an acquittal for themfelvcs, from the experience of what is pad, whatever thev do. Thev are not. like fome Mi- nidcrs, wlio cour"" a renown for their el(K]uence. They are very fir froni (;fcentati(.)n or outward pa- rade, and talk modeflly ; yet, they cm do the flrong thing, when ncceffiry, as much as other people, K^tidviter in n:odo fed JoKliU'r in re. But, is it not aftonifliing, that the Great Didta- tor/^and his immediate followers, fliould iliew a dillike' to fuch a (latute, or ordonnance as this, which might, in future, be a fliield of de- fence for any thing (o bold a Minifler might venture / iice/(A^ (7> Vf y, mod: IS mere- 11 of lb liable to r gi^'oing le large- ily flap- to hold DLilcl be, s good- (to bor- dcrman)/ 1 blame farther, efs, they undefer- ft when ng it out 3po(ition ; and hot end of ;n at the littal for : is pad, )mc Mi- :K]uencc. .vard pa- \ do tiie as other t\ But, t Didta- Id iliew nance as d of de- :r might VCiltUiC (( C( indeed, from my main point, but making no part oi it, and let me return to my original fubjed, I mean, the Dodriiic of Libels. Now, to be ingenuous and wiJoUy impartial, without refpedt of perfons, I muft confel's I re- coUedl one thing that calls in doubt the legal knowlege of a certain very popular Chief Juftice,//^ and that is his fayir.g, when ading as Attor- ney General too, upon a miOtion in the King's Bench for an Information for a Libel againft the Author of Tbe Sixth I^ettcr to the People oj Eng- land^ who was then profecuted in the ordinary way for the grolTeft of abufe upon his late Ma- jefty, his family, and the Revolution itfelf, What I urge to the Court, is only to (hew there is reafonable ground for confidering this publi- *' cation as a libel, and for putting it in a way of trial, and therefore it is, I pray, to have the Rule made abfolute ; for, I admit, and your ^' Lordfliip v/ell knows, (addreffing himfelf to *' the excellent Lord 'who ftill prefides there) *' that the Jury, in matter of libel, are Judges *' of the Law as well as the Fad, and have an ** undoubted right to conflder, whether, upon " the whole, the pamphlet in queftion, be, or *' he not, publilhed Vv'^ith a wicked, feditious " intent, and be or not, a falfe, malicious, and '' fcandalous libel." ^ It is true the Noble Lord * The reputed Authof of this very piece, was afterwards found guilty, and piinilhed accordingly, to the fatisfaclion of every body at the time; but, I liave p'lrpofely avoided naming him, becaufe It is the common report, that he has at prefent a good penfion : And, there mull therefore be fome miftake in the matter, and I ara unwilling to relate any thing that is not a notorious fad. «c (C /v // A,*' />.V r^^i •*• ♦V (41 ) ^t the head of the Court, did not then contradift Mr. Attorney, and feize that opportunity of lay- ing down authoritatively the law upon tlie chap- ter of Libels; but, I prefume, that, out of rcfpeii.cr and better reafons which reftrai'ied l)is Lordfhip, or rendered it at that inftant not fo convenient or proper. By the bye, it is a great happinefs for the Police of this realm, and for the reformation of manners, that this fame popular man's lot lias carried him to prefide over Common Pleas only. Juries are not quite fo likely to err in mere dif- putes of mei{?7i and tiiwij. But, how would Crown-Profecutions have been manaij-ed in fuch hands ! Nothing, for certain, can tend {o effec- tually to the prefervation of good order, dome- ftic peace and true loyalty, as the prevention of all inviduous writing toucliingadminiriration^by pro- per convi^ 'V:* J/ / r\ appear- ph /f/^A^^^^/iD^ V ik goodi be ever )r adhere is not ill md have lal comes Jury, to c drawn^ re, upon r peoples ys think udge, at led, that ;atcr will and life. I then be ig to the who is It weight )unfellor, o the ear above all low and n would error ol* a maxinij id health jn, there ;nts ! To iioufnefs, by Jury, luced for ers ; but beir own ( 45 ) appearance, I flatter myfclf, that I am as impar- tial as any writer whatever agaiiiil the Admini- ftration, and I hope the candid reader will not think I flrain any thing in tlieir favour, altho' I profcfs myfelf inclined to have the world fee how much this kingdom is obliged to them in the par- ticulars which I have touclied upon. The cur- rent of News-papers is too apt to he fct flrongly againil: every Miniller ioi' the time being ; and therefore it is but common jullice to fpeak what one thinks in their favour. I have refrained alio (as far as I can judge of mylelf) from aggrava- ting the features of the oppolition, where obliged to take notice of their proceedings, and have by no means exaggerated their faults, or even men- tioned them where I could well avoid it. On the contrary, I have vindicated them from afperfion, when truth would permit it. I little expedt therefore to pleafe the zealots of either fide, but, I truft, the fober part of both will attend a little to what an obfcure, but impartial, man may can- didly offer to their mod ferious confideration. The civil government and the interpretation of the lavi^s and charters of the land, fhould ever be at- tentively regarded by all moderate men, let the fadlious and ambitious of either party flruggle as much as they v^dll about who fliall be foremofl in favour at St. James's, or how to get the befl place. A trick, a fraud, or a jobb, is nothing more than a tranlitory evil ; but, a folemn deci- fion on any conflitutional point, is what will be either a lafling fecurity, or an irreparable infringe- ment, of the liberties of us and our poflerity to the remotefl generation. When a Miniflry abfo- lutely do nothing, no man fhould call them raf- C cals 1 mm »» III iwi— ill ( 46 ) cals i but wlicn tlicy do what Is praife- worthy", every man iliould be glad to fland fortli in their commendation and lupport. I dare iiot, however, like A Loyal Briiaiy in the Gazetteer of the 2ifl and 26th of tl)is month, praife the moderation of the prefent Adminiftratiun, merely becaufc they have not proceeded fo far as Q^JBlizabeth would have done, who (according to this v/riter) in the plenitude of her arbitrary fway, inflcad of gently driving Mr. Wilkes into exile, by the foft me- thods of profecution both w^ithin doors and with- out, above ftairs and below, would have let us *' {c^n him before this dangling by the neck at " Tyburn, and, perhaps, the Lord Chief Juftice, '' that declared her Secretaries Warrants illegal, '- by his fide." Now, altho' I moft iincerely rejoice in the plenitude of power, whicli, accor- ding to this writer, the prefent Miniflry enjoy, I dare fay, however, they do not defire this fort of comparative merit may be alleged in their fa- vour. They are fully fenfible that Mr. Wilkes, as one of the reprefentatives chofen by the people of England, (liouid be treated with decorum, and a Judge (fo long as tlie laws continue of any force) with great refpecll-, where he ads in his proper department, and concurs in opinion with evcy other lawyer oF the Realm, either on or off the Bench. Efpccially as nt) man had the I'mullell reafon to furmize there ever v/as the leail con- cert, Connexion, or even acquaintance between that profligate libeller, and thii; great lawyer. In- deed, how different too their condud: ! The one, uncalled upon, wantonly and officioufly wrote of every body and every thing, as his own lewd fancy happened to comment upon the occurrence or rthy, their revcr, I2\il ration : they A^OLlld in the gently ft me- . with- let us leck at [uftice, illegal, ncerely accor- pjoy, I his fort heir fa- ,^ilkes, people [m, and force) proper h every olt the mallett .{I con- )etvvccn -r. In- [he one, TOte of [n lewd :urrence or ( 47) or anecdote of the day. TJie other, in his high and reverend province, in purfuance of his duly, and agreeably to liis oath, pronounced liis opinion upon a matter of law, brought judicially before Ijiin, with a gravity and weight equal to any of his moll: venerable predecelTbrs, becoming h*^ fun6cion, ai^d to the univerfal approbation of every lawyer, and of every man in England. Moreover, the Council for the Crown could, had they not acquicfccd in the Chief Juftice's opi- nion, have very eafily brought the fame matter in judgment betore the Chief Ju/lice of England Jiimfelf, nay, even in the lad refort before the Houfe of Lords. Another well known truth, which, probably, the Loyal Briton has not yet heard, is, that Mr. Pitt himfelf neither has, nor ever had any more connedlion with this defperate libeller, than any one of the blamelefs great men at prefent in power. I will likewife tell him one other thing which he little fjfpeds, and that is, fo candid are the Miniflers now-a-days, that one of the flirewefl and wittiefl among them has publicly declared he does not dillike a little op- pofition, and thinks there is no harm at all in being rubbed now and then with a little fait ; fo jthat, after all, the Gentleman before-mentioned only offended (as I ween) by the quantity he [put in his pickle : It is therefore moll: evident it 'as always very far from this Miniftry's defire to have any one creature hanged for fuch a poli- tical miftake. Befides, they know, that we Eng- |iihmen, being unaccullomed to the commiffion )f crimes againft our Sovereign which are pu- liihable with death, are not fufficiently famili- "izcd to the gallows, to confidcr the dangling Jf'crth V.-- / / n /-u.. I y C *' ,-/ L>'>> 9v _ ( 48 ) there by the neck in a humorous light. Indeed, by the ilrangenefs of this attempt to wit, I fhould imagine the Loyal Briton no native of England, but ratlier of an adjoining country," ^s notorioufly barren of wit, humour and poetry, as it is of every other nlcaiure of the imagination, being a foil where the i:ihabitants, from the coldnefs of the climate, coniidcr every ludicrous attack upon a Minilh-y, like thofe of "The "Ycji and North Bri- ton, with a fort of chill, or fober earneft, with us not unfrequently termed dullnefs. Moreover, from the name or title which my brother writer has aiTumed, I (liould fufpedt him to be a foreigner ; for fome how or other, tho' his meaning may be right enough, yet it is not exprefled according to the genius of this nation, or the true Englifh idiom. I do not ever remember to have heard of any Englilhman that called himfelf a Loyal Briton, altho* I have known many who denomi- nated themfelves good Subje(fi:s and fome Patriots j it founds to me like a fort of tranflated Englifli, and has, in fliort, the air of an appellation, which fome foreigner has taken upon himfelf to do into Englifh, and written, perhaps, 2Lt The Brit iJIjCo^- 2- fee-houfci before he was well acquainted with our laws, our conflitution, or our ton'^ue. He fays • too, that whetiier a Prince among us perfecutes Papiils or Protei'lants, it is exactly the fame thing ; io that th-.s 'xvriter, as yet, really differsfrom us in his norioiis both of Church and State. Itl cannot be long, I thuiK, lince he has taken the oaths. There is, however, I muft confefs, one fafliionable writer of late, Mr. David Hume, the Hillorian, w})0 is of the fame way of think-| i\v^^^, and I :.m told, that the moil ingenious oi ,///•> -\ the J^^frn, /'T4./i^ ( 49 ) the prefent Tories, who take to reading, find In him many paradoxes equally amufing and con- vincing. He is, to tav the truth, a very agree- ahle writer, and poffelTcs a flyle not inferior to that oi Father Orleans in French ; and is, I fup- pofe, for that reafon, fo much recommended to the per u fill of young men of falhion that are entering upon the world. He and the father hoth prove to the reader, that the firft of the Stuarts had a great deal of good-nature and learning, wrote very well, loved peace difcreetly, and followed the right politics for this nation. In fliort, that the religion and conftitution changed in this country by accident, and that fanaticifm heated the brains of the inhabitants fo ftrangely, that they were never in their right fenfes (and therefore quar- relled about forms of governm^ent and religion, which are mere whims in themfelves) and there- by became the caufes of infinite diftrefsand mif- fortune afterwards. Thefe very material fadts and pofitions are always fupported by fome ingenious example, or elfe by fome quotations from private pampldets and enthufiaftjc religious publica- tions, hitherto unnoticed, genuine, but obfcure produdions of the time, which Mr. Hume has had the good fortune to meet with, and from thence to deduce the true principles of the great a6tors in thofe days, as well as the fenfc of the nation, in oppofition to the famous authors and remarkable memoirs, journals of parliament and private letters of confiderable men, whereon other hiftorians have very miilakenly relied. It is in reality a performance new, entertaining and fingular, and will reconcile any man to tlie reigns of the Stuarts, who reads it free from the preju- li :f I ( 50 ) _ prqudicc of other hiilorics, tliat is, vvlio knows JIG fadts but what are related in Mr. llumc, or any other relation of them, and is void of any political or religions prineipk\s relative to this conilitution ; in Uiort, whole niind is free from tlie (haekles of previous information. It is ama- fe:ing what a new light he has thrown upon every thing ; nay, one need but read this author to be latislied, tliat wc are mifVaken in our opinions of all the people of thofe times, both as to tlieir Jiearts and their underhand ings. In partieular, as to learned men, that Sir Francis Bacon was not half th.c man we take him for, being exceeded by many foreigners in many refpeds as a philo- fopher, and that he was withal a mofl miferable writer ; and as to the celebrated Defenjio pro Po-^ pulo AngUcano of Miltoq againft the Royalifts, it was a fcurrilous, illiberal and contemptible per- formance. In Ihort, from a few particulars and palTages of lives and books, he eftabliflies univer- fal politions with refpedl to the merit and de- merit, and general cafl and charader of an author, the whole life and condudt of a man, and the tenor of a reign. Nothing; can be more fatif- fac^lory. My Lord Clarendon, a good royal ift, was liowever an Englidiman, fubjed: of courfe to the national prejudices of one, and faw every thing, therefore, with the eves of an JLngJijh Tory ; but Mr. Hume is a foreigner, bred under other laws, and tho' a royal ift too, yet he fees things through very different mediums, and there- fore judges more found ly, and, upon the impartial ground of his own country, lays on the true and proper colouring. In order to fee what different writers they v\xre, and how differently they draw cha- ot ana llu lool tofc of and, alth^ ins: mmm, -: » nowa ic, or f any ) this from ama- evcry to be )ns of their icLilar, as not :eeded philo- crable ro Fo- Ifts, it per- rs and niver- d de- luthor, d the fatif- lyalift, onrfe every .mder fees :]iere- ^artial and ferent Idraw cha- ( 51 ) tharadcrs, one need (jnlv take one of thofe drawri by Lord Clarendon, with his fubtile delineation of every feature, and compare it vvitii tlic flight and general (but mailerly) touches of Mr. David Hume. In tny humble opinion, one nceti only look at this fh-ong charadleiillic of an I lilroi ian, to form a very jull idea of the rcfucdivc abJiiies of thefe two writers of tlieaLlions of tl:c Stuarts ; an J, as they are both equally loyal and gO(y.! m.en, altho' one of them lived in the times whereof he wrote, and was of the cabinet, and the other 100 years aftcr\yards, and is but uill emerged from tiie circle of Ins private country friends, and now no more than a private Secretary to an AmbalTidor'at a foreign court; yet, ns lie isaphi- lofopher by difpohtion, and therefore more know- ing and more impartial than a mere Statefman, I think I do no injudice to any party or nation, by making- the comparifon of the one with the other. And having thus pitted thefe two Royalids, I muft refume my expollulation witli the Loyal Britoji^ to tell him, that I really do not recolledt when it was that Queen Elizabeth made any pro- motions of Miniflers, difgraccd any author of national conquers, or concluded any peace, that ocealioned fuch writine;s or libels as drew down the vengeance of the Crown upon them ; al- though, 1 believe, Queen Anne, in more recent times, did fomething like it : but, as he has, probably, read no author of Englidi Hiftory ne- lides Mr. David Hume, and his pen has not got down fo far, the Loyal Briton may, perhaps, trid fome inftances, as pat to his purpofe, in the reigns of the James's, or Charles's, that followed (^leea Elizabeth, and to them I refer him. Thus lap ( 52 ) _ I have ventured to talk with this writer about his politioiis ; but I am afraid to accompany him any longer, and (iirmife any thing about the exe- cution ot the D. of D. or of H. R. H. the D. of C. knowing, indeed, very little of their life or converfation, excepting that I remember to have heard tlie latter, fonie years ago, put a finilhing ilroke, not to conllruetive breaches of the Peace by the Fen, but to actual RcbellionSj in favour of the Scoiiih line of Kings, and of Hereditary Right, bv liis victory at Culloden. What thefe two perfoiio, therelore, have lately done, that, under the mod abfolute fway, even of a wo- man, could be profecuted in any way, I am at a lols to guefs. They feem to me to be mere ne- gative ligns at prefent. Ujx^n my honour, I am not only amazed at the introduction of fuch matter, but I really and ferioully wilh the Loyal Briton^ for his own fake, would (lop his pen, at Icall: until he has read Droit Le Roy^ learnt what the Houfe of Lords voted againft the Author, and then calmly conlider with himfelf, whether tlic prefent Miniflry may not chriften his piece (without the aid of a Ijifliop) a Libel, and make fciiie orders of equal effc(it againft him. It is difagreenblc even to have a refolution for a profe- cution pafs againft one, altho' no adlual profecu- tion enfue*' There is, I can aftlire him, nothing which the Adminiftration abominate more than this fpecies of writing, which is of a very libel- lous nature, if not an actual Libel. The Loyal Briton can be but lately arrived from foreign parts, or he would never run headlong, with all his Loyalty, into fuch extravagant tranfgreffions of Zeal ! One would think he imagined to himfelf ►out his ly him be cxe- thc D. r hfc or to have inilhing le Peace 1 favour :reditary lat thele e, that, ■ a wo- [ am at a mere ne- )nour, I of fuch he Loyal pen, at rnt what Author, whether his piece and make m. It is )r a profe- l profecu- 1, nothing nore than very libel- rhe Loyal eign parts, ith all his reffions of to himfelf a ^ C Co. ^^ ( 54 ) a Stuart ftill upon the Throne. His meaning, a^ I fuggefted before, may be good, and therefor^ it is that I drop all this advice to him : But he V certainly no more than a Novice, as yet, in tlu knowlege of this couftitution, country, oradmi- piftration. Excufe this lafl digreffion, and lomc others, which my own warmth in thelc fpeculations has inlcnfibly led me into, although lorcigii I allow from the main fubjed: of my letter : But wlitn a man has once got a pen into his hand, it ib ditii- cult for him to refrain from venting fome of his own conceits, notwithftanding he at firfl rcfol- ved to relate only the feiitimcnts of others. We have all of us in reality too much var-ity, and toa n>uch prejudice alfo, I fear. To epd, howeve. with what gave rife to this letter. The province of news-papers is to give every man his due, and to fet his condudl in its true light, by a fimple relation of fads and no- thing more, that the proper reputation may attend him accordingly. This was my only motive in fitting down to write ; for, being totally impartij\l myfelf, I aim at nothing elfe. As to the praife of fine writing and ingenuity, let it go where it lift, I never had a thought about it, and can be perfedly content with having my words as plain and artlefs as my purpofe. I am, GrayVInn, Si R, Intirely, ^c. CANDOR H ^.,.. '^rvf^ -«^ • ^^' 'i^:' f* BOOKS printed for J. A L M O N, oppofite- Burlington-Houfe in Piccadilly, 1. A LETTER on Juries, Lirels, W/^tirants, ^t. ±X. I'po'i the Principles of Law iiiul tlic Conftitution. By the Father of Candor. Third Edition. Price is. 6d. 2. SoHK- ACCOUNT of the late Riivhc Hon. HENRY BILSON LEGGE, with Original Papers. Price i s. 3. A DEFENCE of the MINORITY in the House of Commons, on the Question relating to GENERAL XV A R R A N T s . Price IS. 4. A REPEY to the Defence of the Minority, on the fiinic (^leOion. Price is. 5. The BUDGET. Infcribed to the Man who thinks himfcll' Minifter. The Tcjith Edition. 4to. Price i s. 6. The Counter-Address to the Public, on the late DifmifTion of a General Officer. Price is. Churchill's WORKS. A COLLECTION of the mo/l Interesting LKT7'ElvS on the Government, Libert Yj and Con- srrru 'J' ION- of ENGLAND j which have appeared in the public papers, from the Time that Lord Bute was appointed Fird Lord of the Treafury, to the Death of the late Earl of Egrcmont. Carefully corre6^ed, and illulf rated with a great Number of original Remarks and Notes- In 3 Vol. Price 9s, hound, or 7 s. 6(). fcw'd. In thefe Volumes are contained all the Authkntic Papers relative to the North Briton^ and th.e Cafe of Mr. Wilkes ; examined with the Originals. *=^* A Fourth Volume is in the Prefs ; containing a Col- !c6^ion of the bed Letters which have appeared in the Pubic Papers, fmcc the Death of the late Earl of Egrt- nmtt. 0- A Revicv/ of Mr. Pitt's Adminlftration. Dedicated to the Ripjht Hon. Earl Temple. Price 2s. 6d. ; 10. An Appendix to the fame. Price i s. 11. A Review of Lord Bute*s Adminiftravion. Dedica- fc(] to his Grace the Duke of Devonfhire. Price 2 s. 7. All Mr. 8. *^!t* All N) \v Books, Plays and Pamphlets, to be had at the ianic Place : Likewife Variety of Modern Books, neatly bound, and a large AfTortment of the belt of ali Kinds of .Stationar\ Wares ; particularly. The fine Dutch and Englifii Writing: Papers, fo much cfteemed for their Subilance and extraordinary Fhicknefs : Alfo the very bed Dutih Wax j Court Kulcndars- Almanacks, i2tc. ,'lKUi.j '-> '/>// Sf, oppofite' ^onftitution. e IS. 6d. HENRY Price I s. e House of NERAL ORITY, on who thinks ce I s. on the late 'ERESTING I and CoN- ired in the IS appointed ate Earl of ith a great \. Price 9 s. e contained Britoiiy and riginals. ning a Col- ared in the rl of Egre- Dedicated Dedica- e 2 s. o he liad at )ks, neatly i Kinds of nd Englijb i lance and t