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Ctvu^ ~^6ctXA ^ a^-/* T Tf^^-w^lBH l«P THE PHONETIC ALPHABET. VoweU O ^ (^ c V '^ s^ O mmm INTRODUCTION — ,-v- The system of Shorthand explained in these pages is the Duployan Shorthand, as pure as it has been possible to retain it for expressing the sounds of the English language. As has been said in a former issue of the " Kamloops VVawa," "an effort is here made to make our phonography read the same way exactly in English as in French, and so also for all other languages." Our Indians in British Columbia, as soon as they can read the Chinook and their own language in shorthand, are also able to read English, Latin, or any other language figured in short- hand. In the same manner, as soon as one is able to read and write English in this style of shorthand, he will find himself at once able to read and pronounce correctly French, (ierman, or any other language, by which it can be seen that this shorthand is a most powerful means for learning languages. This needs only be tried to be proved to evidence. Another object of this shorthand, which ought to make the primary one, is to assist in acquiring every kind of knowledge, even that of Grammar and Orthography, a hundred times quicker than through the common way. This question has been dis- cussed at full length in the French Duployan Stenographic Press. It is sufficient to state that a pupil in this style of shorthand who does not know how to read, will learn to read English or any a INTRODUCTION Other language in shorthand in a few lessons, and will at once be able to store up in his mind all kinds of information, and will with the greatest ease, learn that most difticult, most trying, and most queer science, that of the current English Orthography. But for many, the principal object in undertaking the study of shorthand is to acquire speed in writing, and most pupils in shorthand do hardly master the principles of the art, when they rush for the reporting style, in which the words and phrases are abbreviated as much as it is possible, and often more than is necessary. Now, do not be too anxious for abbreviations in this style of shorthand ; instead of looking up too early for a reporting style, see rather that you master well the phonography in full. Mind, this system of shorthand in full is at least five times shorter to write than the common long hand, so that when you acquire the same natural ease in writing this shorthand as you have now in writing long hand, you can put down five times more words in the same space of time. If you can now with ease write twenty words a minute, you will write one hundred words with the same facility, when you have become accustomed to the turn of the shorthand, and if you can by rushing a little, write thirty or even thirty-five words a minute, you will just as well write 150 to 175 words a minute, and that in full style, without a single abbrevia- tion, and what is more still, you will be able to read what you have thus written, at any time, as easily as typography, or read any other one's notes providing the writing is correct, what can- not be so easily done when abbreviations are used. t >*?*=- 5*^%^ ' r»»at***-*w!*»i*^ , r"- THE WAWA SHORTHAND 8 DUPLOYAN PHONOORAPHY-BNQLISH METHOD. ELEMENTS OF PHONOGRAPHY. I. FIRST LKSSON. The tint lesson conipriHva five phonoifrapliic elements and exerciseH. 1. Write a Hmall circle, the smallest you can : that is the sound " ah." or " a " as in " fat." '2. Write now a circle much larger than the first : that will answer for "oh," and will figure "o" as in "not." 3. The same size circle, "radiated," will stand for " oo," as in " foot." 1. The fourth sign is a short perpendicular, about one^eighth of an inch long, drawn " straight down- wards " ; it is the consonant " p." 5. A perpendicular two or three times longer is the sign used for the consonant " b." With Miese five elements we can figure a number of words. Draw the sign used for "p," ending it in a small circle as used for " ah" : you have the word " pa." NoTA.— It would be wrong to make an angle between the "p" and the "a," by placing the circle straight undbr the perpendicular, thus making an angle : that would make two strokes of the pen instead of one. The angle is avoided by turning the circle either side of the perpendiuular. Our great rule is to "avoid anolkb." whenever it is possible. OL tn fat o i/n net : O OOinfMt: O b: I a P- c- p 00' >/^^ -b/^b :b/^b if^- 1, b b THE WAWA SHORTHAND Sow, draw the " p " as befurc, and terminate by a large circle, as for "o" : you have "po." Draw again the same bh for "po," radiating the circle, as in the accompanying flguron: you have "poo." Write now, first the letter " ah," commencing at the bottom, so as to connect it without making an angle, with the following letter "p." You have "ap." In the same manner you can write "op," «'oop." Write now the long perpendicular " b," termina- ting it into a small circle : yoii have " ba." In the same manner "bo," "boo." Write also: "ab," "Ob." "oob." Write again the monogram " pa," but, before lifting the pen from l^he {taper, draw another p short perpendicular "straight downwards" : that makes " pap." In the same manner "pop," "poop." If to the monogram "pap," you add another " ah," you will have " papa." NoTA.— It will be very useful t« study this lesson two or three times over, carefully writing down all the signs and monograms, before passing to the next lesson. 8ee that you take not the habit of making the "a" too large, or the "o" too small. Beginners are also liable to make the " p" too long, or the " b" too short, so as to confound the one letter with the other. a p ap. 1 ^•S op ■ q /i,aAt P P P ba bo Loo I b b ab ob oob 1 1 1 pcuoa j THE WAWA SHORTHAND SKCOKI) I.K880N. The dooond leMson adds only two more elements to the ones already given. Like " p" and " b," the .sounds "t" and "d" are similar, the one being Hharp and short, and the other, soft and long. The letter " t" will be represented by an horizontal line, very short, always written "from left to right." The letter "d" in the name mr.anor, but much longer. Now write an horiisontal line, very short, ter- minating without angle, into a very i," but before lifting the nen. H rite a small circle inside, same as " ah" : you have the uiphthonK " wa," as in " water." p:levknth lkssox. The sounds "a" as in "age," "o," as in "here." "e" as in "sell," "I" as in "mill," and all like sounds are represented by a small semicircle, which may take four different positions. The position of the semicircle is not to be sel- ected at random, but the one that will connect without angle is to be chosen. " I" short may be precised by a dot above the semicircle. " K" long, by a dash above. " E" short, by a dot under. " A" long, by a dash under. These dots and dashes are omitted generally, unless it be necessary in certain oases to determine precisely the word used. In ordinary cases, the oonlext is sufficient to fix the meaning of the word employed. The semicircle may be turned "up" or "for- ward," to represent "i " short or "e" long ; and it may be turned " down,'* or " backwards," to figure " e" short or "a" long. This rule applies only when the hook is final, and in a few cases, as illustrated in the exercises. m c C(o(oC • /«;•• ^*. Aey: £' My ^'^my: •. ^ c_ «L. '" "J '•'' •''' on^Ofyti /■ •» > V una, y ■- » » « one A here simi XIV n asp. ., .q .q «. 9 g -9 ^ Th sent( S.O. •Mw Wh< 3J, el tose Ro noco THE WAWA SHORTHAND 1 r « > \ » V r" FIFTKKNTH LJ]S80N. A Hniall circle and a Hniall semicircle combined will figure "i" as in "time," " mile." etc., or "y" in "by," "my," etc. The diphthong of " oi" may be written the same way, but the circle should be larger. In every case Hee that angles are avoided whenever poftsiUe. SIXTEENTH LESSON. " Th'' is represented by a " t" or "d" marked on one Bide or crossed by a dash. A few samples of compound vowels are given here, to serve as a key for the writing of those and similar sounds, whenever they occur. SEVENTEENTH LESSON. NUMERALS. The numerals 1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7. 8, 9, 0. are repre- sented, respectively, by P. T. F. K. R. M. N. Sh, S. O., only the M. N. Sh. and S. are reduced to a size corresponding with that of the V. T. F. K. When 1» a, 3, 4 and 5 are .«pr«sented, as ia 11, 22, 33, etc., a small circle as used for a in fiir, is used to separate them. Sue the example. Hound umbers may be abbreviated as in the accompanying example. XV. ft iharp : -. /A 5^5// ihe: - WOLi ^ Wff:(P XVH. 1 1 1 6 c 10 b too h 7 S ^ 1i 41 33 -a .1000- \oooo O ® looooo. loooooo m REMARKS. The following tables are intended to show the correct manner of con- necting the elements of shorthand with each other, and the pupil who follows exactly the turns which are indicated in these tables cannot fail to acquire con-ectness in writing shorthand. A strict rule is followed of writing the syllables always in the shortest possible way. In the study of shorthand all de- pends on the habits taken in the be- ginning. If a habit of writing a syllable wrong is contracted from the beginning, it will be difficult to cor- rect it afterwards. Another remark, is that a wrong tuiii in shorthand is always detrimental to speed, and to legibility. So take great care to write exactly as yoa see indicated in the following tables : in moet cases there is only one correct way of writing a word in shorthand, and to make sure of having the correct way, there is no shorter method than to follow exactly the models given in the following pages. The great object in these tables is to show how to avoid angles. See the first table, page 12. You have "a" and "p," make "ap." Pie- member that "a " has uniformly the sound of "a" in "fat" in all these syllables. Now the table shows the shortest way to write down "ap," and to connect "a" with "p" without angle. See that you begin the vowel "a" by the bottom so that when you complete your loop or eye for "«," your pen is in position to proceed with the "p" without making an angle. Write in the same manner "at" "af," "ak," "al," "ash," "as," "an," "am." Notice that the pen or pencil is first placed in position for writing the consonant in the proper direction, but before writing the same, the cir- cle vowel is traced to one side. The same rule ib observed in the lower half of the table for writing "pa," "ta," etc. ; the consonant is first written, ending without angle into a small circle turned to one side. The consonants "b," "d," "v," "g," "r," "j," "ch," "z," "ng," follow exactly the same lules as their correspondents in the above tables ; they are omitted for the sake of simplicity. The second table, left column of page 13, works on the vowel "o," in the same way as letter "ah," in the first table, so that when the first table has been well understood, the second one ofTers no difficulty ; only be careful to moke the "o" large enough, as well as to make the "ah" as small as you poasibly can. Coming to the third table, right column of page 13, — on "oop," "oot," etc. It is again the same principle "to avoid angles" ; observe how the "radius" or tail inside the circle is situated. In the upper part of the teble "oop," "oot," etc., the phonographic sign must begin with the radius, and end into the propr consonant without angle. The second or lower half of the table is much simpler, because the di-eotion of the pen is indicated by REMARKS XX 'ah" the cooBonant, and the vowel circle has only to be turned to one side, and radiated. The fourth table, first column of page 14, "wa" and "p" make "wap," etc., requires a careful study. The shortest way must always be pre- ferred in shorthand, and the table shows the shortest way to write down the double loop, and the shortest way to connect it without angle with the consonant that follows or precedes. Fifth table, second column of page 14, short "i" and "p" make "ip," etc. We have four different ways of writing the hook for "i"; one that will connect without angle must be chosen in every case. See how the rule is applied throughout the table. A great number of mistakes made by beginners come from disregarding this rule. "Avoid Angles." With an angle between "i" and "p," you write only 100 syllables in the same time that you write 160 wonls or more, by avoid'ng the angle. To write "ip" without angle, only one stroke of the pen is required, while it takes two to write the same with an angle between the "i" and the "p." Not A. — The half circle or hook of this table is used also to represent "e" long as in "here," "a" as in "age," and "e" short as in "met." To precise either souud, when neces- sary, follow the rule given in the eleventh lesson, page 9. The key to these tables will be found in the Februaiy, March and April issues of the "Wawa." But they are so simple that, after seeiug the first one, the following ou^ can be followed at first "lance. The exercises on page fifteen are complete, that is they give the way to connect any initial vowel with any following consonant, and how to con- nect any terminal vowel with any preceding consonant. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are nothing else than the tables of pages 12, 18, and 14 condensed, Nos. 6, 7,, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14, take the place of similar tables which it would be too long to reproduce in this little booklet. The key to these exercises is found in "Wawa," Nos. 137 and 138. In Exercise No. 6, see how the "e" hook is connected without angle with any consonant : Beginners are very apt to take the wrong turn in this point, and retard their progress by it. There must be no perceptible transi- tion between the vowel and the con- sonant, in the syllables of these tables : the pen or pencil must run from the one into tlie other without a single mark where the connection is made. The object of these tables and exercises is precisely to enable the pupil to follow this rule in all cases. In exercise No. 12 is found a short way to represent "wip," "wit," "wif," etc., by using a large quarter circle to represent "w" in connection with the "i" or "e," which can be done without engendering confusion. Exercise No. 13 shows how to con- nect "wipe," "wite," "wife," etc., and Exercise No. 14, "pwi," "twi," etc. No. 15 gives two ways of writing "we," "way," and then a very short way to write "wan," "win," "won,* ("wuu" or "one"). r n THE WAWA SHORTHAND The sound "ah" before or after any consonant. a a a a a a a a a and P t f k I sh s n m make «( ap o oLncL at o M af • 1 ak o II al o II ash o H as <» an o am o moLkc 1 \ / /mo c c 1 p t f k 1 sh s n m and it a a a a a a a a a make pa I <*"« ta ~ fa \ ka / .1 la ^p •• sha ^ N „ sa v,_^ M na ^ ma ^ o make ^ o o o c 1 I THE WAWA SHORTHAND )3 i i I The sound "o" before or after any consonant. /^ and o ■■ o o ■■ o • o ■• ■■ o ■■ o ■■ ( I make Q — 1. QT • ^ •• e / c o o o o o o o o o rnakt The sound "oo" before or after any consonant. A^ and. O G O .. o • O •• o 6> •• I maKt (3 \ / c oind £) make h — ^ »' o ^JD \ \Q / 6^ • ^ ^-f ^' o .. ^ -^ . Q> • '"b w ••' Q .. s_i? > O . cP C ' O Cc> 14 THE WAWA SHORTHAND The sound "ow" before or after any consonant. e " e •• o o o atst ^'\iu^ ) ( make (3| I / 9 o o o o G O G <2> make b The sound "wa" before or after any consonant. yt) a.V\tL I CUM'I -~ •« V c I mak< y (X p / c ^ W^aM.i 1 4^ It -D {^ II NO a ^ 1* ^ o •I y 7 f ^ 1 \ > V « THE WAWA SHORTHAND 11 A Uble HhowinK how to conuoct the vowc! "o" with any prccodiiiK or following consonant. It is exactly the same as the preceding table, only the circle between the two consonants is much larger. Re- member that beginners are liable to create confusion by making the "o" too small or the "a" too large. Endeavor from the beginning to give each letter its proper size. The key to this table is to be found in " Wawa " No. 139. page 76. -f -o- -R -7^ -T^ -5^ -e^ -^ -^ oc 0^ o<,-9" c/'^^ °^°^ (^ tB THE WAWA SHORTHAND A table Bhowing how to connect the sound *'oo" with any preceding or folIowinK connonant. This table follows the same rules as the preceding ones, only a break is made in the circle to make it figure the sound of "oo" as in "foot," "good," etc. Key in " Wawa," No. 1 39, page 27' No table for the vowel "ow." It is the same exactly as for the vowel "o " with a dot inside. <^ el- ol > '^ '^ ^ 00 'SC'^P' ^au^ ^ THE WAWA SHORTHAND It A table ahowinK how to connect the sound "wa" with any preceding or following consonant. This is a very important table, as it shows the correct way to make a double loop between any two consonants without always completing two circles. The table studies to follow the shortest way in every case. The key to this table is on page 78, "VVawa," No. 139. /^ /O- /^ /? 5^/^/^/3 ^ ^ ^^ v^ v^ ^Ts.*^ ^-■'O ^ '-f 20 THE WAWA SHORTHAND A table Hliovring how to connect "e" long or "i" short with any preceding or following conuonant. Tlie monograms of this table are intended to represent "pip," "pit," "pif," etc. They may be made to represent as well "pep," "pet," "pef," etc., by placing a dot under the vowel hook, or "peep," "peet," "peef," etc., by placing a short dash above the hook ; or also "pape," "pate," "pafe," etc., if the dash is placed under the hook. In current shorthand all these dots and dashes are dispensed with, unless it be necessary to precise the sound. In ordinary cases, the context will be sufficient to make out the mean- ing of the word written. Key to this table on page 79, " Wawa," No. 1 39. 1 ^ < / ^ V— ^ V/*- S_/\ V_^ 1/ »^ K^ I) ^ THK WAWA SHORTHAND 21 A tAblu Hhowint; how to connect the HOund "u" with any preccdinfc or fnllowinK oonHonant. This table is a delicate one, and if the greatest care is not taken from the beginning to acquire a correct wrting of these syllables, one will be liable to confusion afterwards. S I- 1/ S> VV--V. >, ^ /I /I /^ /7/-/ /- /^ /7 V -^-^-v v^ v.^7 22 THE WAWA SHORTHAND A table .showinK how to connect the sound "i" tut in "pipe" with any preceding or following consonant. This table will be found very useful, because the words figured in this table are of frequent occurrence. Beginners are apt to make more angles than is necessary, especially in words similar to those in this table. The tablt» shows the way to avoid angles whenever possible. See then that you write all the monograms of this table exactly as they are printed. A-^ I? 4s/4^i>^^ i> < ^ 0^ J/ Jir^ 9^^ 6 t i 0»~ v«A >^ ^.e/ %-.fi^^ ^-^\^ ^5 wA 4. '^I^nu. . .<(.#ilW.;#ki,Mi>i4» ;___<• 1. _. 24 SHORTHAND EXERCISES ' Jl.— The Plays ok Animalp. <9— dU2^' ^-^--^ c-^vJ^o- «x-- >/• Y -t) I t % SHORTHATMD VS. LONGHAND / jss 3 • •« :? Z • ^tfla^n := = i^. UrrJt . - //. C = A » r /3. ^^ JE , =■ /J. ^ ^ / . r. ^^^ . :r /. Jt. Me := S* •» X- aO • fS. y/st . 357. ^U^^ M, ^^__sz St , 13S>83£ Is"' THE MttWA SHORTHWO EXERCISE BOOK Same size as the Instructor,-- within a month. WJIJ be ready P^ee,a»iJyPitteen eei^s. THE KAMIvQOPS VVAWA! A NewspapBP in Shortha«rt v^ M ^«>/««r Abinyi^/ Subscribe lor Ih' ^ '^Vrm, de.ll,:" '^"W^ '"''"knM. „d th. *.dow »f ****•! PSIW *■ W*I^^i^u^^^^ ^^_ -iitf!''