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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'imagas nAcessaire. Las diagrammas suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Kootenai Country, FORT STEELE, LIBBY CREEK, YAKT, ROSSLAND, NELSON, KASLO, SLOGAN. MONTANA, IDAHO, BRITISH COLUMBIA. REACHED BY FROM THE EAST AND WEST. RAND, MONALLV A Co.; PmNTEW, CHICASO. « ml THE KOOTENA The Kootjnai ^ ^^ . . „ — „ Mining Country... a ~ As is the case with most T idian names, the 1 nc Word, ^vorcl KooteiKii has a variety of ways of being spelled. The first maj) of British Columbia had it Cootoonay. Later it appeared as Kootenaie. Now the Canadians spell it Kootenay. On the American side preference is given to Kootenai. In all cases there is little or no differ- ence in the pronunciation, the accent being given to the first and last syllables, the " i " in the American word being silent. An easy way to settle the difference would be to spell it as it is pronoimced — Kootna. There are two Kootenai districts, one in British Different Columbia, the other in ^lontana and Idaho. Districts. Both are easj^ of access by the transcontinental line of the Great Northern Railway from St. Paul and Minneapolis to Spokane and Puget Sound. The British Columbia district is .separated into two divisions by a series of high mountain ranges. The eastern division is '•eaclied from Jennings, Mont., by boat, and Kalispell, Mont., by stage, and the western one froTn Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, by boat, and Spokane, Washington, by rail. This region is central between the rich mines The American of the CcKur d'Alene to the south and Kaslo- KoOtenal. Slocan, Lardo-Duncan, Ainsworth, and Nel- — — ■ son mines to the north. It covers the territory between Jennings, Mont., and Bonner's Ferry, Idaho. The Kootenai River runs west between these two points, and is followed sixty-two miles by the Great Northern Railway, en route passing through the stations of Libby Creek, Kootenai Falls, Troy. Yakt, Leonia, Katka, and Crossport. ■ The jirincipal mineral developments of the Libby Creek. American Kootenai are along Libby Creek and its tributaries south of the town of Libby, and along Boulder Creek below Leonia, although all of the streams emptying into the Kootenai from both north and south show color, jjlacer gold having been taken from nearly all of them. The Libby region is divided into two sei^irate mineral belts, known respectively as the Great Contact Belt and the Shaiighncssy Hill Belt. On the latter there are hundreds of tons of ore on the dumps that will average from 50 to 200 ounces per ton in silver, and from $5 to $50 in gold. > I t\\ . THE Kootenai with a high percentage of lead. There are no less than twelve distinct r:amps tributary to Libby, locally known by the stream on which they are located. West of Lil)by is the (iroiise Mountain di;-trict, and cast of it the Fisher Creek district, where tlie iirst openings are made on the great Cabinet Mountain contact. A twenty-ton concentrator is locatcil a few miles south of Libby. Kootcirui Falls, as a town, exists only in name, but there is an enormous and eligible water power. Troy, a division point on the road, has three miles of side tracks, a round-house, and otlicr improvements, business houses, hotels, and contains al)out 200 people. Good claims have been located in the mountains around Troy. Vakt Station is on the south side of the Yakt River. Kootenai River, opposite the mouth of the Yakt. Tlie latter is a swift stream, and in times of flood its ourrent cuts its way clear across to the other shore of the greater river. The Yakt tlows from the north, and along its banks rich placer beds have been discovered in the last year or two. As high as an ounce of gold has been cleaned up in a day with a single cradle. The presence of so much gold in the stream indicates quartz deposits, which duringthe ages have disintegrated and the precious dust washed to the lower levels. Several of these gold-bearing quartz ledges have been located. The Keystone mine has a ten-stamp mill at work on free milling rock and cleans iip a!{;3,5oo gold brick weekly. A i8o-acre hydraulic plant goes in this year. It is predicted by those familiar with tlie country that there is a most promising future to tlie Yakt district, as well as to the Moyie River territory directly west, the I\[oyie being the larger river, with headwaters up in the Fort Steele country. Vnv many years Bonner's l-'erry was a wcU- Bonner'S known frontier trading-post. It has only come Ferry, into prominence since the completion of the ■ Crcat Northern Railway, which gives it con- nection east and west. The population is over Soo. It is at the head of navigation on the Lower Kootenai, and has steamer connections with me lake towns. The valley north to the lake has a width of from one to five miles. The country on each side of the river contains mineral. This is about twcntj'^-five miles down the International Kootemii from Honner's I'erry. A town was Boundary, recently laid out on the American side by the name of Port Hill, not far from the custom houses. Across the boundary the Alberta and British Colum- bia Exploration Company, of Londim, is dyking inundated THE Kootenai land. The company has bcL-n at work for the last four years and expended a large amount of money. It is expected that 10,000 acres vill be ready for occupancy by the summer of 1S97. The soil is exceedingly rich and produces leading staple crops. The Port Hill mining district is east, the Priest Lake district is eighteen miles west, the Goat River and Sutler dis- tricts are northwest. During iSyf) assessment work was done on 183 claims in the Goat River district. The ore is rich in gold, silver, copper, and lead. The Wisconsin mine on Duck Creek is working on a four-foot vein of copper-silver ore, resembling the Silver King of Nelson. This fine body of water is surrounded by f riCSt Lake, splendid forests and hills, veined with silver, copper, and lead. Color of gold, too, has been found in the streams running to the lake. Its outlet empties into the Pend d'Oreille, near the station known as Priest River, on tlie Great Northern Railway. It is a coimtry offering inducements to miners, lumbermen, and settlers. Right on the boundary line between the States Newport. of Idaho and Washington, and overlooking ■ ■ — - the Pend d'Oreille River, is located the j^retty little town of Newport, fifty miles east of Spokane. Near by are Albani Falls, across which the Great Northern Railway bridge extends and ofi^ers from the car windows a view as surprising as it is grand. The chief pursuit of the people of Newport, at present, is mining, though th'^re are some fifty well-tilled and profitable farms surrounding the town. Forty or more pros- pectively paying mines have been located. The river is navigable eighty miles to Box Canyon, and a good many ranchers are located along its banks. The Metaline gold placer district is just north of Box Canyon. The advantage of Newport is that it has water power, timber, minerals, agricultural lands, rail facilities, and nearness to markets. It seems destined to become a point of importance. i r ...Eastern Kootenai... Fort Steele is located at the confluence Fort Steele, of St. Mary's River and Wild Horse Creek with the Kootenai River in Eastern British Columbia, about 140 miles north of Jennings, Mont. During the season of navigation, steamers ply between the two places. Last year three boats were engaged in carrying ore, and 1897 will see five or six busy in that tralfic. There '^1 THE Kootenai i is also stage and wagon connection from Kalispell, Mont. The history of Fort Steele goes back into the sixties, when the rich places along Wild E -^-se Creek and other streams brought iu several thousand miners, Avho washed out in a couple of years five or six millions of dollars' worth of yellow dust. The town, now containing 200 people, has its name from Major Steele of the Canadian mounted police, who established barracks there. After the raid of 1864, when Wild Horse Creek gave up its treasures, the country was but little prospected unLd within the last few years, when deposits of gold, silver, copper, iron, and lead were found in many localities, as well as coal and petroleum. Large veins of coal crop out of the hills along Elk River, and petroleum is found floating on springs and streams in Tobacco Plains. Coal veins exposed in the hillsides along Elk River and tributaries have been traced for niany miles, one veui al)()ve another, from six to twenty feet each in thickness, aggregating a total of over 150 feet of coal of excel- lent quality in sight. This field is just over the boundary north of Kalispell. Large deposits of copper are located in this same region. The chief scenes of activity in gold mining are along Wild Horse Creek, east, and Perry Creek and tribu- taries west of Fort Steele. Several hundred men are at work in placers and in quartz shafts, tunnels, and cross cuts. The ore is free milling, and assays from $0 to $15 per ton. A town named Johanesburg has been located eigiiteen miles west, and the outlook is favorable 10 ti repetition of a Rossland growth. Rich discoveries of silver lead ore have been made along Moyic lake and river. J it in I As already intimated, the British Columbia E.vamine the Kootenai -egion is separated by high moun- Map. tain barriers. Whab we term the western section contains Kootenai, Slocan, and Arrow lakes, and the Columbia Basin, in which Trail and Rossland are located. The map shown herewith, made jroni the latest surveys, will give readers a general idea of the situation of the dozen t)r moFc"well-defined districts, ea'ch of which has its sub- divisions, names, minerals of different grades and coml^ina- tions, peculiarities, etc. The Spokane Falls & Northern Railwav gives access to Rossland in eight hours, and Nelson in ten hours, from Spokane, at which place connection is made with the Great Northern Railway. The map shown in this folder includes the entire Kootenai District, besides portions of Yale, Lillooet, aritl Cariboo, three others of the six districts into which Biitish Columbia is divided. Up to 1868 the territory of British Columbia was held under lease ixuva England \.o the Hudsjn Bay Comjiany. In that year the discovery of gold on the Fraser River resulted in a rush of settlers, and the country was organized as an 4 THE Kootenai English Colony. It has an area of 383,000 square miles and a population of 97,612 by the census of JS91. Since then it has increased 12,000 or more, mostly in the cast. The gold output is estimated to be over $60, o(jo,ooo since the Frascr discovery. The whole country is extremely mountainous and, besides its mineral wealth, has extensive lumbering and fishing interests. Rossland and Trail. The now famous Trail and Rossland Division is west of the Columbia River. Many years ago the old Hudson Bay trail to the coast crossed the Columbia River about a dozen miles north of the international boundary and followed a stream now known as Trail Creek. The trappers and hunt- ers who frequented this route were not looking for gold, and for years their moccasined feet patiently trod ground that is almost unpurchasable to-day. Seven miles up the creek is Red Mountain, and there, in 1890, the first claims were staked. For one reason or another they attracted no general atten- tion until the autumn of 1S94. The first mines opened were Le Roi and War Eagle, which, to date, have paid nearly a half million dollars in dividends. There are now twenty-five or more mines shipping ore. The whole ground immediately arcund Rossland is staked off into claims, and a list of their names would fill pages of this folder. The town of Rossland has over 5,000 population, the growth of the last twenty months, a magjc transforming of a rugged mountain wilder- ness into a scene of bustling activity. Every form of business is represented. There are two banks, waterworks, electric lights, two daily and several weekly papers, churches, schools, etc., and life and property are as safe as in any eastern com- munity. A trip along any of the trails radiating from the town reveals many a lively scene. The woods are alive with men cutting timber, grading railways, tunneling mines, blast- ing rocks, and teaming freight. Red Mountain, with its numer- ous buildings and engine houses, presents an animated picture, especially at night, when the great hillside is illu- minated to enable the men to carry on their work. Not only are the principal mines being developed with energy, but new claims are being exploited in every part of the camp, which extends miles in various directions. It would require all of our space to mention in detail the claims upon which from $500 to $3,000 have been expended. There are several varieties of ores at Rossland. During the last nine months of 1896 the average value of 17,000 tons of ores shipped was $43.15 per ton — divided, $37.35 gold, $4.50 copper, and $2.30 silver. The Rossland mines were opened by American miners and capital, but a large amount of English and Canadian money has been invested in the last year or two, not only in Rossland, but in outlying districts, the development of which, 6 ^' THE Kootenai in connection with now mines, now towns, new railways, new smelters, and new projects, means prosperity in that section for a long time to come. Men and money are needed in every direction and for all kinds of enterprises. Miners are agreed that the outlook at Rossland is better than it was orijj;inally at Butte, Leadville, or Cripple Creek. By looking at the map it will be seen that the territory is just north of the boundary line, and, while the chief scene of activity is at Rossland, discoveries of jj^ood property are beinj^ made in the country east and west along the line, both in Washington and British Columbia. Trail is located on the Columbia River, at the mouth of the creek of the same name, and becanv; a town of a couple of thousand people in two years. It is about eleven miles from Rossland by the Columbia and Western Railway. Lookout Mountain bears the same relation to Trail that Red Mountain does to Rossland. Trail has a smelter owned by F. A. Ileinze of Butte, Mont., who also built the railway. Tt has steamer connection with Northport. The founder of the town of Trail was E. S. Topping, who located on Trail Creek in 1890, and opened a small store. The same year two Frenchmen, while prospecting on Red ^lountain, discovered a large body f)f suli)hide ore, but the assays only showed a value of $10 to the ton, and they were about to abandon the locality when !Mr. Topping urged them to try again. They then staked out five claims and offered him one of them if he would pay the recording fees. He did so, and selected the Le Roi, so named from one of the locators. This was the beginning of Rossland. !Mr. Topping did not realize the value of his property and ])arted with it in a trade. The Le Roi is now valued at §5,000,000. Rossland has its name from Ross Thompson, one of the first settlers. The discovery of the Silver King mine on Nelson. Toad Mountain in 1886, near what is now the — — town of Nelson, is the date line in the modern era of the Kootenai. Following this rich find, there was a rush of miners whose picks displaced the treasure boxes of the Slocan, the secrets of Kaslo and Lardo, and, later, the wonders of Trail and Rossland. The pioneer Silver King was sold in 1893 for $1,000,000 to an English syndicate. It and the other mines about Nelson contain copper-silver ore, carrying from $50 to $150 ounces silver, and 10 to 15 per cent copper to the ton. Nelson has a smelter, and is a customs seat. It has direct rail connection with Spokane and the Great Northern Railway. Kootenai Lake The first point on Kootenai Lake reached by steamer from Nelson is Balfour, and then ~ Pilot Bay, at which point there is a con- centrating and smelting plant, costing $200,000, having a 6 THE Kootenai daily capacity of about seventy-five tons of ore. Directly north is Ilendryx, with a lar}j[e group of mines belonging to the smelter company. Across the lake to the \ est is yVinsworth, one of the oldest cami)s in this region. There are thirty mines now in oi)eration taking out galena — lead-silver — wet ore. vSilver is also combined with iron, forming dry ore, needed in the smelting of galena. Kaslo is north of Ainswortli, on the same side of the lake, at the mouth of Kaslo Creek, along which many claims are located. Kaslo had several thousand popula- tion a year after it was located, before the falling off in the price of silver. It has met with large losses from fires and fi(Ktds, but rallied each time. The Kaslo & Slocan Railway to Whitewater, Sandon, and Cody brings to its wharves the product of the rich mines of the Slocan country, with in'oper- ties which have paid from the grass roots. Directly north of the lake are the Lardo, Argcnta, Duncan, and Trout Lake divisions which have records in placer yields. At the same time vast deposits of galena have been uncovered in surrounding territory which have aroused much interest an.ong miners. Development has been delayed by lack of transportation facili.ties. What is known as the Slocan Division has its The Slocan name from a lake, twenty miles long, which Country, lies ir. a small valley between Kootenai Lake and the Columbia River. The' valley is sur- rounded by high mountains, and the route by the railway from Kaslo is exceedingly ])icturcsque. One of the principal towns of Slocan is New Denver, on the east shore of th.i lake, at the mouth of the Carjienter Creek. Five miles up the creek, where its three branches join, is Three Forks, and up the south fork, Sandon and Cody. North of New Denver is Ro.seberry, also on the lake, and at the south end of the lake is Slocan City. There are fifty or sixty mines now shipping ore, the most noted of which are known as Slocan Star, Blue Bird, Noble Five, Washington, Good Enough, Ruth, Last Chance, etc., etc. Ore yields from $50 to $3(X) in silver, and from 30 to 60 per cent in lead. The Slocan Star has paid over $300,000 dividends. Miners assert that Slocan is the best poor man's quartz mining country known, for the reason that the ores pay from the sur- face. The principal mines are at an elevation of about C,ooo feet. The mountain formation is quite regular, showing that at the time of upheaval there was no violent volcanic action, which accounts for the continuity of the ledges in course upon the surface, in addition to giving the best of evidence as to their permanency in depth and regularity in width as they go down, a fact now well established by tunnels and shafts. The general character of the rock is slate, with well defined dykes of limestone, granite, and porphyry, running parallel, and in most cases forming a contact with the ore ledges. The silver Yale THE Kootenai varies in ([uantity from loo to 2,000 ounces to the ton, with lead runiiin^j from 20 to 60 per cent. 'I'ho course of this rich mineral licit is northeast to southwest, and claims have been located alonjjj it for a hundred miles. The followinj^ is the present"avcraKC schcdvde WafifCS. paid for experienced help at the mines: Com- mon labor, $2.50; men in outdoor wfirk and tunnelinjj;, S3 a day; machine drill men, $3.50 a day; helpers, $3 a day; blacksmiths, $3.50 to $4.50 a day; engineers, S3. 50 to $4.50 a day; foremen, $4 a day. Living expenses are not excessive in the towns. Rej^ular board can lie had at S5 and upwards. Roomscost from $10 to S31) a nionl' . Servant girls get good wages. Under the law saloons are allowed only in connection with hotels or boarding houses. " Adjoining the Kootenai c luitry is what is Yale District. Known as the Yale Distri. . The main devcl- opment is along the boundary, j'ist west of R(jShland A regular chain oT mining camps r\' w ■..-xist^, begin- ning at Cascade City on Kettle River, and extending far beyond the Okanogan River. North of Cascade City is Chris- tiana Lake. The first town west is Grand Forks, the gateway into a nest of camps, including Wellington, Greenwood, Sum- mit, Providence, Anaconda, Skylark, Boundary Falls, Smith's, Dead wood. Long Lake, Carson, and Midway. The land and mineral officials of the district are located at the latter place. Surface work has been done on hundreds of claims, and old miners are sanguine over the richness of the entire region. The general character of the ore is a sulphide, carrying gold, copper, and silver. The ore bodies are capped in many places with iron. The largest present development is along Boundary Creek. The Fairview camp is adjacent to the Okanogan River, between Okanogan Lake and the boundary line, and west of Rock Creek and McKinney. The gold rock is of the free mill- ing variety ccmimon all through the country along the eastern slope (jf the Cascades south to Wenatchee in Washington, North of Okanogan Lake is Lord Aberdeen's famous ranch. The Okanogan Valley is well adapted to irrigation agriculture and fruit raising. The most direct route into the country is by stage from Marcus on the Spokane Falls & Northern Rail- way. It is thought that a bran^'h of the Rossland-Northport line will be extended to Grand I'orks this year. South of the Yale District is the Colville (reservation c-prn to mineral loca- tions) and Okanogan districts in Washington, already known to be rich in gold and other minerals. This includes two counties in Washington. Stevens and Stevens is in the northeast corner of the Okano/?an« ^tate, and Okanogan is west extending along the eastern slope of the Cascades, taking in Lake Chelan^ the Methow River, and the lower end of the 8 ^ THE Kootenai Okanogan, of the Similkameen and other rivers. Capt. Henry Finch is operating in the Similkameen River bed with a centrifu- gal dredger and brings up nuggets worth from 5 cents to $20. He purposes also to work the gravel bars for fine dust. It is estimated that 75 per cent of the gold in use was taken from auriferous gravel deposits, which predominate in the Pacific Northwest. The eastern flank of the Cascades has enormous low-grade free milling gold ore be^ls which disintegrated during the centuries, and naturally, the drift was to the streams. At Wenatchee a small sle.mp mill is located against an ore vein 600 feet thick, the yield avn'aging about $2 a ton. It is only reasonable to assume that the old channel beds, bars, terminal moraines, and terraces, as well as living streams of that region contain large quantities of the yellow metal fro^i this source. The color of gold is seen in every handful of sand picked up along the Columbia from Northport to the sea. During 1896 there were 6,485 mineral claims recorded in Stevens County, and 2,057 in Okanogan, but the latter county is expected to make a larger record this year. The Okanogan country is reached by steamer up the Columbia to Virginia City from Wenatchee on the (Ireat Northern Railway. The principal towns in Okanogan County, which contains 7,000 square miles, are Conconully, Chelan, Golden, Loomis, Methow, Oroville, Silver, Ophir, and Virginia City. It is a large field for study and development for many years to come. "All the means of action lie and grow everywhere about us." The Kootenai country offers rare opportunities for the sportsman. !Miles and miles of that region is practically luiknown and imexi)lored. There is game in it that never heard the sound of a gun. There is no reasonable limit to the chances of sport, for the mountain ranges run for hundreds of miles in all directions, with mighty rivers between, and spots yet unfamiliar to human feet. In this wide space the huntsman can have his choice of birds, bear, and deer, the lover of scenery can enjoy to the utmost, for the views are changing and varied as they are magnilicent, and the fisherman can have his own way in streams which have never wet a line, and yet alive with gamy fish. Besides the sportsman can combine business with pleasure by keeping a lookout for ledges of precious metals in the hillsides or gold in the streams. Hunting and Fishing:. 11 ...Facts Rival Fiction... Nowhere in modern life are there more facts like fiction, more every- day incidents that resemble romance, than in the 9 THE Kootenai new mining camp. A mine that could not be bought for a king's ransom to-day, may have been traded off for a week's board a few months before. Shares of stock in mines that a year ago were a drug on the market at a few cents, now sell for as many dollars. When fact is so much like fiction, is it any wonder that accuracy and exaggeration get confused and, combining, make such a dazzling record that the average man outside thinks all he has to do is to get into the country and pick up chunks of gold and silver ? No one should go into a mining camp anywhere with that idea. Mining is a very practical business. Fortunes have already been amassed, and vast sums are yet to be made in tlie Kootenai country, but as a rule the fortune must be worked for. Rossland, Trail, Nelson, and other points have rail facilities, and the prosj^ects are favorable this year to the building of branch lines into various localities where ore is already on the dumps ready for shipment. There is a great deal of ore of such richness that it pays well even wit'i wagon transportation to the cars. More than all, however, there are low-grade i:)ropcrties by dozens just waiting for a cheaper process of extracting the precious metals at a profit. The cheaper process, too, would increase the value of the richer ores. Rossland is at present absorbing public attention, but it is merely a single camp in a large and wonderfully rich mineral country, and there are those who believe tbat, no matter how glowingly the situation may be painted, the future development of wealth in scores of towns and camps yet to be will exceed the present wildest fancies. Not only will the hills give up their treasures but in towns men will find " lUisincss with an income at its heels." A Vast Treasure House. It is doubtful if any equal area in any other land contains the variety of rich mineral depcjsits already known to exist in theregio' circled by the Columbia and Kootenai rivers. The Columbia River rises near the Kootenai and runs north, west, and soutli, and the Kootenai runs south, west, and north, and the two finally unite. A peculiarity of the water systems of the Northwest is .akelike widenings in the rivers between parallel mountain ranges; for example, Arrow Lakes in the Columbia, Kootenai Lake in the Kootenai, Okanogan Lake in the Okanogan, etc. No part of the continent is better suijplied svith water courses. The whole region is extremely mountain- ous, and minerals are believed to be in every mountain and hill. Tl'.e winds, rains, and frosts of ages have disintegrated the gold-bearing rock towering above many a stream, and the -yellow dust found its way to the water levels. 199247 10 Rates to Kootenai Points ...VIA THE... GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY, FROM EASTERN TERMINALS. A (Unci mil line In now In (iporntlon (the Spokane Falls & Northern Railway) fnini S|MjU;inc' In Kiissluiiil and Nilsnii, iiiid tliriiUKli tlcki'tii are tuM liy tlic (ircat Nnrilii in i:iilh\;iy frimi si. Panl, Mlniii'apnlls, Imlulli, iuid WcHt Siipi'i'lor to lliL'se poiiiiu iinil oilier ('iini])H in tlio Kootenai region, us follows : IstCliisH. 2dClnHH. To liossliiiid ».|9 'M 14100 To Norihpori. Nel»on, Uiilfonr, AliiBwortli, llcndryx, Kanlo, ItoliNon, Tiall, and Sakusp 17 50 40 00 ToSaluloh 49 5.-) 42 05 lioiind trip tieki'ls ave sold, (.'ood for i)o days, wlUi transit llinlls of 40 days each way, at cost of STo.OO lo Nelson. Kaslo. Aiiiswfirtli and Trail; lit Iiosslaiul. $72.li0. Side trip rale Kaslo to Sandon and return, *4. 10. Uetorn can be made by diverse routes. FROM SEATTLE. FAIRHAVEN, NEW WHATCOM, AND VANCOUVER ToIioBsland «22 95 To Nortliport., Nelson, Ilalfoiir, Ainsworlh, Hendryx, Kaslo, Kobson, Trail, and Nakiisp 21 95 To Sancton 24 00 FROM TACOMA To lIosBland 123 40 JiJ^HllM«Bjel«oiijJiiilfoun,j'te. -^.,.^, ..„.j,„,.,,.,.j._,,...-,„„.,_ 22J0 , To Sandon 24 45 FROM VICTORIA ToP.ossland 125 45 To Nortliport, Nelson, Balfour, etc 24 4.') To Sandon 26 50 FROM PORTLAND To RosBland »24 90 To Nelson. Balfour, AInsworth, Ilendryx, Kaslo, Uobson, Trull, and Nakusp.. 24 15 To Sandon 26 20 GREAT NORTHERN SERVICE. WKST,— Tlic> I'aellle Coast Limited leaves St. Paul at 1.00 p. in., Minneapolis \:k< p. 111., dally, for Montana and Idaho Kootenai points, Spokane (where eonnee- lion Is made for Uriilsh roluinlila Kootenai), Seattle, and Portland. Palace Sleep- ill); (,'ars Palace liiiiiiiu Cars i meals served a la cartel, Family Tourist, Sleepers, IllKli-lmck-scated Coaches, SniokliiK Cars. etc. All trains from the ICast and South reach St. Paul before noon, and west -bound passeiifjcrs have no delays. EAST,--Thc Overland Train from Piij.'et Sound lo Spokane (eoniieetlons for Rosslaiid. Nelson, Ka.-lo, etc. I. and Idaho and Montana Kootenai points, St. Paul. and the Kast, leaves Seattle every evening at 8.00 o'clock. Leaves Portland, via O. li. & N-, at 6.30 p. in., dally. toNNrcTioys ,\t spok.ane for kootcn \i poims. S. F. & X. trains leave Spokane dally, except Sunday, at 7.00 a. m., arrive Northport Vl.'u p. in., li-ave Norlli|iort for Nelson, 1.27 p. m,, arriving at Nelson 5.20 p. m.; lea\ing Nortliport for liossland dally, except Sunday, l.:15 p. m., arriving at Itossland H,2.") p. in.; returning, leave Nelson 0.00 a. m., arriving North- port r.i.;fO p. 111.; leave Ko.sslaiid 10. ;W a. m.; arrive Northport 12.15 p. ni., leave North|iort 1.02 p. in., arrive Spokane 7 (X) p. ni. Trains will run through to Nelson, passengers for Kossland changing ears at Northport In both illrcctlons; steamer conni'clhuis from Nelson to Kootenai Lake points, at Kaslo, connecting with Kaslo & Slocan Hallway for Whitewater, Cody, Saiule'i, Three Forks, New T)eiiver, and other points In the Slocan country. Connections are tii.ide at Nelson Willi steaiiier for Kooienal Lake ports week days. Train connects at .Marcus with dally, except Sunday, stage for Craiid Forks, B. C, Greenwood, Mldwu.v, Ana- cimda, and Falrvlew, H. C, Colvllle Reservation, and Kettle River points; at »'.:ii!i; nrt, ■ ;<■ .pt r'-^nday, v-!!h f;:- .' - ; ..I T :;.;;..:;(; -..^-c : .• T. ." '• :.! . whence the Columhla & Western Hallway operate double dally train service to Rossland, trains leaving Trail O.OO a. m. and 5.00 p. in. For points north of Trail, on Columbia Kiver to IJevelstoke, the steamer connection at Northport Is on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from Spokane. FOR PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION ABOUT RATES, ROUTES. ETC.. Apply or write to the nearest agent whose name appears below : nOSTON. Mass.. '211 Washington .>t W. A. SKW.VKD, flenernl Agent. nCFKALO, N.y..Cor Main andScneen SIs.I. .M. IIOUTLK, tien'l I'nss'r Agt., N. S. S.Co. llfTTK Molll .1. I-.. lHWsi IN General Agent. c'lllC..\Hli, lll.,3-.'0 S, Clark St W. M. l.c IWItli;, Ueiieral .Agent P.iss'r llep't. 2','ll S. (lark St (.'. W. PITT.-' Traveling P;',sseliger .Virenl, •4-.'ll S. Clalk St L. W. (.■A.MI'llKl.L. (ieneial Agt. Freight Hep't. CINCINN.VTI.O.. Mflh a". I Walniit SIs.W. .1. HVlt 111. (iili. lai Agent. I'illll and WiilioltSts.l';. A. ,IciM;s, Tl-avellng Passenger Agent. |)i:s MdlN'KS, Iowa, 401 V^'alniit 'I ... N. ,1. Ll.I.lSdN, Tiav. Pass'r and Ini. .\gent. 4(11 Walnut, St ...,I, S. WATSllN, Tniveliug I'asseiiger Agclil. IlKTKdir. Mich., l.'i; .leireison Ave . . K. 11. CI, AUK, (lencrai Agent. Iff .li'irei>oii Ave ,,A .1. CASW KLl, , Tiaveling Agent. Dt'I.l'Tll. Millii..r:-! West Su|>erloiSt..C, II, II A KPKli, Northern Passenger Agent, !:;■; Wehl SupeiiorSt, „IAS, UdiiKUT.SdN, (ii nl.Agt. Freighl Depl. lli:l.KN V. Mont C. K. IIPTTON. (icneral Agent. Mll.WACKKK. Wls..:m5Pabst llldu' .,,.I\MI> YdlNd , den. i -il Agent. ;i(liP,ibst lU.lg ...W. M. UdillXl-:. Tiaveling Agent. .M1NNK,U'( 'Lis, Minn ;liill Xieollet AveV. I). .lilNLS. City Pass'r and Tlclict .\gcMt, :kia Nieollel Ave, II. A. kl.MllAI.L. denenil .Vtielit Krelglil liep't. MONTH l:AL.(^ileli.e,i;ill Notre Paine St., W. ({. McLEAN. Traveling Ageiil. Nl.W VdllK..i;.'> llroa.lwav K- P- SPK.NCKK. Uenl Agent P.isvenger Pep't. :i7.'illro,iilw,iy ...L.W. I.AKK, (ieneial Agent Kreigli. l)e|it IllII.MiELPlllA, P.i.,i;S Third St,, AC. IlAliVI'Y, lUsli let Passenger Agent. ..J. II. (iHACL. (ieneial Agent Freight IPep't. . C.C. MdliPdrilH, Pistiiel Pass'r vgent. ..J. II. .MeADdd, lllstrici 1 reight Atieiil. ..A n. C. DKNNISTON. CItv Pns«r,s) \5ol - ngs 3Je* rLfilce City LARDC Caiiiil Flat iT*., OhWho:' 1 % 1 Mew DenJ eiy \lv 'fif, /5] ! -I 't^dcysMcon y /SLOCA.V »^ v^i> (]""'■'' //w% D FKlllarneyV, pt ■ ^ ( / .#* p •^ , '^' » ' SLOCAnV * ^ AINSWOBTHL CITY / '-»#?,^,i' 4* -•■ . _«feo«u-.. iXitlleFsll <>'<4ntoi:|kport f/«» 1 '«ine Cranbr L D 'aburg m /li y I ■1' ' I I.I. \l. .,. ,. , I •,. I., ii..i,|, ,.| . V, . li. M. I.1,.\.S. Tliiv.-iHii; ..i;. III. Nl.W li)liK,.li.-. l:p.iNl«;iy K. 1), SITNCKK.drirl .\ufM I'.ivsfHtfi-i- IU'r't :i7."i Hi'.i.nlw.iy I,.W. I.AKi:.(i..m>nil Aitiiit Kri'luli. ICji't. I1I!I.M.F:I.MII.\, I'.l.I.'S TIiImI St.. A.C. IIAItVKV.lilMlil.'l I'lissint'i'i- Ak-.lil i;s riiilcl SI. ...I. II. (ili.\('l'.. liiliiTuI Af.iil l-'irlKlil liil'l. riTTsIll l;ii. I'.i., CI.-, Fiflh \\i- c. c. MoUIKifiill. IM-tiii'l I'ls-'r viri'iil. 4111 lilill .Wi- I. II. M|..MICII1, |)l^lri(•^ |i||.|,-'i- Afilil 111 ; Kiiiiit St I,. II. liH \Y, iMiii-nil Airriit Fri'ltthl li|.|.t. lirJKii.nt St -. .1. W. VllL'Nd.Cii.v I'ii-sliiliilTli'ki-t Atti'llt. SI'OKAXH, \Viii.li..7lll W. Iliv,.i>li|i. Av.C II. IUXflN. (li-Mil(il Aui-nt. ;ill W Kivi-iMili! Av.ll. 11 Sinl.MKI,, Tn.v.lini; Ai;( lit. sT l.'il IS, M..., 111!., 111! vi. SI \V. .1. KVaXS. lli.iiiTiii A^'cnt. ST, I'.M I,. .Mm 11,, I'.i'.i i: :;il St W. .1, IH'Tiil, Citv VnsMMUfor and Ticket Aift. 1 ,.r,:ii|si iiriilll'wiiy. .!■■.. .\. I^'II MiKN'Mrfldll. Tnivillin! I'ass'r Atft. I'.iil l:, I'liiiilsi I-', A. Ull,l.,\lil), il.nl At;inl KiviKlit lii'|it. T\( ■llMA.Wiii.il.. II in I'llclllc A\ri M. .1. II. WIlITK.Oininil AKilit. ■riil!l)NTil.liiil..'J lvllli{SI.,Kii>t !!.(!. Mi'MUKKN, (iclli-nil Aifi'iit. V.\M OIVKII. II. (■ |.'. .1. u'III:KI.I:h, licn.'nil Aueiit. \ II roiiiv.ii.r. . I. II. i;iiiii:iis, Affiit. W.M. I. A WAI.l.S. W,i«h 11, 11, I.ANCI.KV, Tnivcllnif ARi'llt. WKSTsri'l'.inill!, Wi- .ii|;;Tii«i r Av \V, K, AIlAMS, I'ilv I'lissinKir lUiilTicki'l Ak'I, WlSNirWl M.1I1..0OH .MuiiiSt O 11. IIIXU.MAN, AkliU. CTtj^^'fi"'' -'! '" — ^ >mmBBSf/ _pL*lns ^> j.rAv,.. I.I 49 •^«' Synopsis of Mining Laws. British Columbia. LicENSK. — Any person over eighteen years of age, or a joint stock company, may become a free miner by paying $5 for a non-transfera- bl'j certiiicate, good for one year. Persons working withf)ut a certificate may be fined )j!25 and costs. yiAKiz Claims. — A free miner may make a claim i.soox 1,500 feet of quartz kind. But all angles must be right angles and all measurement nnist Ijc horizontally. Accuracy must be observed in marking location and boundaries. A free miner may cut timber on Crown lands; may kill game for his own use at all seasons; may obtain five-acre mill-site upon Crown lands in the form of a square. A claim may be held from year to year by wo!-k being done to the value of fiot). A free miner may, on payment of Spsoo, in lieu of expenditure on claim, obtain a Crown grant. (Juartz claims must be recorded (fee $2.50) within fifteen days, and placer claims within three days after location, if within fifteen miles of a recorder's ofilce. A day allowed for each additional ten miles. Care must be- taken in locating and describing boundaries. Placf.r Claims. — Placer claims are divided into creek dig- gings, bar diggings, dry diggings, bench diggings, and hill dig- gings. Claims average about 100 feet square. Every free miner is entitled to locate and record a placer cl .Im on each .separate creek, ravine, or hill, but not more tlian t ^-o claims in the same locality, r)nly one of which shall be a creek claim. He jhall be allowed to hold any number of placer claims by purchase. A free miner or party of free miners discovering a new mine shall be allowed, viz.: To one discoverer, one claim, 300 feet in length. To a party of two discoverers, two claims, amounting together to 600 feet in length. To a party of three discoverers, three claims, amounting together to 800 feet in length. To a party of four discoverers, four claims, amount- ing together to 1,000 feet in length. And to each member of a party beyond four in number, a claim of the ordinary size only. A creek discovery claim may extend on each side of the center oi the creek as far as the summit of the hill, but not exceeding i,otx) feet. Citizens of the United States, or persons de- UnitCJ States, glaring their intention to become such, can explore, locate, and purchase mineral lands by complying with Federal and State laws. Prospectors are not required to take out a license or certificate. yi AKiz Land. — Mining claims upon ledges or lodes of precious metals can be taken up along the vein to the length of 1,500 feet and 3(kj feet each side of the middle of the vein. To secure patent, |5(X) worth of work must be performed and $5 an acre paid for the land— twenty acres. Six months' fail- ure to do work forfeits the claim. Pi-ACKR Land. — Claims usually called " placers," including all forms of deposit, excepting veins of quartz or other rock in place, are subject to entry and patent. No single individual can locate more than twenty acres of j^lacer land, and no loca- tion can be made by any company, composed of no less than eight bona-fide locators, exceeding 160 acres. The price per acre of placer claims is $2.50. Where placers contain veins or lodes the cost per acre is $5. Dkscrii'tion. — It is important that locators accurately mark an d desc ribe their claims. Tn marking, the locator may do so iii ' ui P>i" .f" ' LLLiuu Liw ^ Mvi r l ' invc uiieiitiiu'w ' lli l rtllj llgliW Ol'dUl l HU " existing prior to his discovery. Litigation, expense, and delay may be avoided by being particular in the matter of boundaries. Tlie essentials are: ^iPWPP^wcCTWTTTnai'Ul*. hJL .ULLniuiu wall uiii iigms oi cunms existing;" prior to his discovery. Litigation, expense, and delay liiay be avoided by being particular in the matter of boundaries. The essentials are: First— That the corners should be marked on the ground by stakes in mounds of earth or rock, or by marked trees or other natural objects. Second— The notice of location should describe these corners so that they can be identified on tile ground by the description, and, in addition, the fine is worth 4. 13 Gold 100 fine is worth 2.06 All natural gold, that is, gold extracted from rocks or washed from the beds of streams, contains more or less silver, plati- num, copper, or other forms of alloy. For this reason, miners are often disappointed when they sell, as they imagine all k.-'old to be pure. ^^^^•^ ^>k-^>« Tiie Km\t Country.-' _> coppehTl .4#' IRON r OIL, COALV MONTANA, IDAHO, BRITISH COLUMBIA. REACHED BY FROM THE EAST AND WEST, RAND, MCNAIAY A CO., PRINTIRt, OMIOAOOt