^"> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) li 1.0 I.I m>t23. 12.5 Uj ^^ ■■■ Ui iiii 12.2 £f »£ 12.0 *" u ■Uteb li& IL25 III 1.4 1.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716)S72-4S03 m V ^^ o ■ '». *- -5 '^ 4^ ^"V 6^ '^is ^^ K^ ^^^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microraproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniques at bibiiographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy available for filming. Featurea of thia copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the imagea in the reproduction, or which may aignificantly change the uaual method of filming, are checked below. D n n Coloured covera/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag<^a Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurte at/ou peiiicul6e Caver title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiquas an couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encra d■ '#., vf tar.f ■**' i" r ■; -¥■*'■, £Z .^P ^ii ^^' -^i!*Si^ ■^T^r- ^l*' \ > •N \\\ \'> TO THE KING. SIR, \3iLiiSuSiL3. iskiL :MW H E Employment I have the Happinefs to enjoy in Your Ma- jefty's Maritime Service, and the Subjeift of the following Sheets, have emboldened me, with the utmoft Humility, to lay my felf and them at Your Royal Feet. A They D E D 1 C A T 1 O N. They contain, Sir, An Account of Remark- able Tranfaflions at Sea from the firfi Ages to the prefent Times ; and as Your Majefty's Kingdom of Great Britain mull neceirarily make the mofl conliderable Figure therein, fo do its Naval Anions, thofe efpecially fince the happy Revolution, furnilh out great part of the enfuing Hiftoty, and, in this refpe^fl, by much the more valuable, in that it exhi- bits to Your Royal View the gallant Behavi- our of great Numbers of Your Majefty's Sub- jeds, yet living, who, in fighting for the Pre- fervation of Religion, Laws, and Liberty, have given a glorious Earneft how ready they will always be to expofe their Lives in Defence of Your Sacred Perfon and Dignity. As this Your Kingdom, Sir, hath in all Times been remarkable for its Naval Power, fo is that Power fo much augmented fince the beginning of the Reign of Your Majefty's Royal Predeceflbr, and Great-Grandfather, King James the Firft, that it hath not been equalled in any Age or Nation. For if we look bad: to the moft flourifliing Maritime Potentates of old, as Tyre, Athens, CaHhage, or twtvi Rome itfdf, when m her mbft fldufifliing State, we fliall find them fall fo very Ihort of Your Majefty's Naval Strength, as not to admit of ^ny Comparifon ; and a- mong'the Mdddrns, which of them is there that it doth not greatly exceed ? So D £DICATION. Sj vail indeed is that Part of Your Maje- flv's Power, that were it nofliblc for you, Sir^ to k* influenced by other Principles than thofe cf I he moll con fum mate J u ft ice, and of being aduated by the lawkTs Delircof Univerfal Sway, inftiad of a generous Love of Liberty, and a nob!w^ Ambition of Patronifmp; it throughout the World, and Britain (hould, under Your Maj.fty*s Influence, Jaunch forth her utmoft Strength on the Seas, what Alliances could be entered into, what Confederacies formed, I'uf- ficicnt to withftand fo mighty a Force ? Bat You, Sir, ferenely content withthofe Do- minions which Heaven, and the Confent of willing Nations have called you to Rule, far from difturbing Europe with fuch Purfuits, are only watchful for its Repofe, and employ that awful Strength you are p)fn.flrcd of to no other purpofe, than to prefer ve fuch a Bal lance among its Princes as is abfblutely nectfTiry to its PluCw*, and reduce to Reafon thofe who, by their bound !eCs Ambition, would involve it in War and Defolation : So that, in Your Ma- jjfty's Hands, this Power reftmbles that which is inverted in a miniftring Angel over the Ele- ments, who doth not make ufe of it to lay wafte the World, and deftroy Mankind at pleafure, bit to prrxrure the Good of the Whole, by the Punilhment of particular Nations that are guilty; which yet he forbears toinflidt, unlefs repeated Provocations force him, unwillingly, thereunto. A 2 And D E D I C A T I O N. And as Your Majelly doth thus pioully en- deavour to eftablifh a lading Tranquillity a- mong others, fo is Your Teiidernefs Cowards Your own Subjeds without Ei'ample ; info- much that it hath been abundantly extended even to thole who, regardlefs of their Duty to God, and You their rightful Sovereign, were unhappily wrought upon to appear openly in Arms againft Your Royal Perfon and Go- vernment. Long may Your Majefty prefide, in this Your high Station, over the Interefts of Eu- ropey and when late, very late, You Ihall ceafe to labour here on Earth, not only for the Happinefs of the People of thefe Your King- doms, but the Univerfal Good of Mankind, and afcend to the PofTelfion of an Immortal Crown, may that You leave behind flourilh for ever on the Heads of Your llluftrious OfF- Ipring. Which is the ardent Prayer of, May it pleuje Tmr Majefty, Tour Majejlfs mft Dutiful, and mofi Ohedient SuhjeH and Savant, J. Burchett. PREFACE. [LTHOUGH I might very rcafonaWy have been excufed from the trouble ot any part of the follow- ing Work, fince the publick Station I am honoured with hath called for the much greaterpart of my Time, yet whenlconiidercd that theTranfudions of our Nation on the Seas, during the two long and expenfive Wars with France^ were Matters very worthy as well to bemoreuniverfallykiiowntotheprefentAge, astobecommunica- R,ar,ns fir ted to Pofterity, andthatT was furniflied with Materials for fuchan <'"'it<':^iaiitc, from Contra- riui and Gratiani ; tiie great Exploits on the Scheld between the Duke of "Farma and the People of Antwerp, from Famian Stradii ; the Spanijh Invalion from Mr. Cambden ; and the Duke of Buckingham^ Expedition to the Hie of Rhi, from a Manu- fcript Journal, which, lince the Lofs of a very curious one I had in my Polleinon, was, on my pubhlhing an Advertif^ment con- cerning the fame, kindly comirunicated to me by a Reverend Divine of Cambridge. Moll of which Affairs, befioes very many others, have been either fupcrticially run over, or elfe left entire- ly untouched, by Dr. Ryves and Mori/ottts. The before-mentioned Authors are thofe to whom the moll Obligations have been owing ; but as the handling io general a Subject mull unavoidably have requir'd the making ufe of many more, belidcs other neccllary Alliltances, I might here f rcfent the Reader with a long CJatalogue of them, and have filled my Mar- gin with Quotations, which, in my opinion^ tend more toOiten- tation, tlian any ical good purpoi'e ; not but that in fome par- ticular Cafes their Names are mentioned in the Narration. I Ihall therefore only acquaint you, that, in the firll three Books, the fame liberty as betbre-mentioned hath been taker with the relt of the Authors there hath been occalion to conlult, nay often their very Words have been followed ; and where any of the An- cients have been well turned into our own Tongue, as particu- larly ■Polybiiis and Jujiin, feeing it could not be pretended ro fct them in a better Light than the ingenious Gentlemen who liill tranflated them have done, their Verfion hath, in a great meftfure, been obfcrved. As moll Princes, and States, vvhofe Dominions have bordered on the Sea, did, more or lefs, even in early Ages, furnilh them- felves with Shipping, as well for the Defence of their Coafts and Trartick, as to extend their Conqueils ; fo have they, from time q/r/,,,, ,,: to time, augmented their Naval Force, in proportion to what ""f'"" /^'W they found others do who were nearelt Neighbours to them. Thus Rome, when flie was much annoy^. ' by the Carthaginians, deepicd it abfolutely necelTary to prepare a floating Power to re- pel them, between whom many bloody Battels were fought, as had been before, when the Athenians and Lacedemonians con- tended, and fince between other States and Potentates. T.le Tyrants of Sicily have been famous for their Fleets, but more efpecially thofe of Syracufe. There were often Nav«>! Bat- tels betu cen the Republicks of Venice, Genoa, Tifa, and others, but more efpecially the former and the Turks. The Saracens with their Fleets encountered the ChrilUans when they attempted to recover the Holy Illand ; and the Governments oi Algier, Tu- nis, and 'Tripoli have for a long time had their Ships of War ; nay even the Emperor of Morocco wanteth not his Rovers, which frequently have molelled the Trading Subjeds of other Princes. As R E F A C E. I i I H I On what Sfr- iein in As the Kings of England thought it necelFary, from time to time, to encreafe their Maritime Strength, the French^ and the States-General of the United Provinces have augmented theirs, afpecially in latter Days ; but of thofe Prince^, or Governments, wno have been molt formidable at Sea, from the rcmotell Times of Navigation, I fliall be as particular as pofliblc in the enfuing Hillory, and will therefore confine my feif in this Preface to what doth more immediately relate to the Royal Navy of Great Britain. Various have the Services been which neceflarily required the '.kcs the ships Ufe of our Fleets, and Squadrons, but more efpeciallv in Times On^h^^e of fo great Adion as the two lall Wars. Many of Our Royal minifirjeti Ships liavc been employed in ihe Mediterranean Sea, not only to theiv,'jUji proted the Spanijh Monarchy from the Attempts of the French^ but afterwards to allilt in eltablilhing his prefent Imperial Maje- lly on the Throne of that Kingdom, when Great Britain, toge- ther with her Allies, maintained, at an incredible Kxpence, as well of Treafure as IJlood, a long War not only with the French King, but with that part of Spain alfo which adhered to the In- terell of his Grandfon Thilip, who is now in Poflciiion of the Crown. While great part of our Warlike Ships were thus ranging a- bout the Mediterranean, no fmall Numbers have been employed in the Britiflj Chanel, as well as on the Coalls oi America, Tor- tugal, and other foreign Parts : Befides which, others were, at the fame time, made ufe of in convoying our Trade to Turky, Neijufoundland, Ruffia, the Baltick Sea, and to our remote Go- vernments and Plantations, infomuch that the Ships of War of Great Britain have been conllantly traverling not only our own, but almoll all the other known Seas, fo that the Number of Of- ficers, and Men cllablilhed on them, have fometimes amounted (/,w v«""/^° Fifty Thoufand, the Expence whereof (fuppofing them to be continued in Service thirteen Lunary Months) for Wages, and Victuals, tofjether with the Wear and Tear of the Ships, the for- mer and latter being commonly ellimated at thirty Shillings a Man a Month each, and the other at twenty, amounts to two """ Millions, fix hundred thoufand Pounds ; not but that, as Cir- cumilances of Afthirs would admit thereof, divers of the Ships have from time to time been paid off, and laid up in the feveral Harbours, for eafing, as much as might be, this very great Charge. And, befides what may be abfolutcly neceffary for the j/,f nH,j],n many other prelfing Affairs of the State, if fuHicient Sums of Mo- "1 "'W''f' "/ ney could be hereafter provided, for the timely paying off the c/'ship's", jt7 Officers and Men of fuch Ships whofe immediate Service may eafm/ii.-ey„L- be difpcnfcd with, or whole Conditions are fuch as to require lie': chA'ie. confiderable Repairs before they can be longer employed , the Expence of the Government would in that Particular be very much leffened. Although this Nation b^' •, even in remote Times, fa- mous for its Strength at ^ .e it tc b" compared with that of the tleel vf I'nglaiul M nii.e el War. Preface. iith th>fe oj for- »itr Timet. of Other Princes and States ; yet could we look back, and view thofc Shipping which were heretofore nude ufe of in our Mari- time Wars, what a vaft Difproportion would there appear be- tween them and thofe which compofed our Royal Navies two Centuries palt, (I mean not as to the Number ot the Ships and VclVels, but their Magnitude) and much more fo, were they to be compared with our prefent floating CaUles ? King Edward the Third, when he crofled the Sear in order to lay fiege to Calais^ hid indeed a very great Number of Ships, but moll of them were furniihed by the Sea-Port Towns of the (^"'"^"'■ifoa of Kingdom, and fome from Sfain^ Ireland^ Flanders^ and other Zlfy'l"! Parts. The whole Number, as it appears by a Record in the famous Cottontail Library, amounted to feven hundred thirty eight, and the Mariners on board them to fourteen thoufand nme hundred fifty fix, each of whom were allowed after the Rate of ^d per 'Diem ; but of thefe there were no more than twenty five Ships of the King's own, carrying about four hundred and nineteen Seamen, which, at a Medium, was not above feventeen to each ; and throughout the whole, taking one with another, there were not many that had above twenty fix Men ; not but that thofe which were furniihed by the Maritime Ports were larger than the King's own Ships, efpecially thofe of London, Sandwkhy 'Dovery 'Dartmouth y Tlimnutby Briftoly Southampton^ Newcaftlcy Lynn, Tarmouthy Harwich, Ipfwichy and Colchejier. But befides the Mariners, there were tranfported in this Fleet the Lani-Forces which his Majefty had occafion to take with him for carrying on the aforefaid Siege of Calais. From this v may be gathered what the Maritime Power of this Nation was in thofe Times ; for even then, before, and af- terwards, the greateil part thereof was compofed of Merchant- Ships furniihed by the Sea-Ports ; yet the Strength we could in thofe Days launch on the Salt Water was much fuperior to that of our Neighbours. But when our Princes, in After-Aages, turn- ed their Thoughts towards providing, and eftablilhing a Royal Navy, the fame hath, by degrees, not only been much encreafed in Number, but in the Magnitude of the Ships alfo ; but more efpecially in the Reign of King Charles the Second ; and in like manner the trading part of the Nation did from time to time very much encreafe the Dimenfions of their Shipping, infomuch that in the firft of the aforemention'd Wars with France., feveral of them were taken into the Publick Service, fome of which were capable of carrying 70, 60, and j-o Guns. And that the Reader may be informed to what a prodigious Bulk the Navy of Great Britain is at this time fwelled, I have underneath inferted the Number of Ships of which it is compofed , with the Guns eltablifhed on each of them, wherein there is not any regard had to Fireihips, Bomb-Veflels, Storefliips, Sloops, Yachts, Hoys, or other fmaller Embarcations, which amount to no Icfs than fifty. The R £ F A C E. Tht Strtngth of ihe Rcyal Navy of Great Britain. Great care oughl to be taken of the ships while in Harbour. The Strength of the Royal Navy. Of Guns lOO 70 60 50 40 30 lO N» 'iS as 9 if iij of the Line of Baitd. i8i Which i8i Ships will require 9940 Guns, exclufive of thofe ne- ceflary for others of lefs Dimenfions. Thus hath the Navy of Great Britain encreafed, and that ve- ry confiderably too, fince the Year 1573, at which time it flood thus, viz. Care OU^hl I: be tahvn in prelerzi'?^ TimLer. Guns. N». IVhat our Ka- vy -.vas in IST3- Of - 100 I From — — 88 to 60 — 9 From — — fS to 40 - -49 From — — 38 t0 20- -f8 From — — 18 to 6- -19 lS9 of the Line of Battel, as ^ they might be reckoned in thofe : Days. 146 Moft of the Ships of our prefent Royal Navy, efpecially thofe of the larger Rates, being, in time of Peace, laid up at the feve- ral Ports, the greatelt part of them at Chatham and Tortfrnouth^ and others at 'Deftfordt fVoolwich^ Sheernefs, and Tlimouth^ it is of the utmoft Importance that all poflible care fliould be taken for their Safety in all Particulars, but more efpecially that the Places where they are thus harboured, and principally the River Medway^t and Tort/tmutht fhould be always kept m luch Condi- tion of Defence as that they may be fecure from any Attempts of an Enemy And fmce thefe our floating Bulwarks are, like other Machines, fubjeft to decay, how abfolutely neceflary is it that the utmoft care ihould be taken in the keeping their Hulls in a conftant good Condition ? The like regard fliould alfo be had to the Pre- fervation and Well-husbanding not only that ufeful Timber which the Nation now afFordeth (efpecially that of Compafs and Knee) for building Ships, but in having conllant Nurferies thereof, to- ward fupplying what may from time to time be expended. Nor » is i R E F A C E. is it of lefs Importance that greateft care fhould be taken of the pub- lick Woods abroad, but more efpecially of thofe large and vahi- able Trees in and about New Engfstn/y moll proper for Mailing Ships of the grcatcil Magnitude. Having thus informed you of the Strength of our Royal Nary, it may not be improper to add thereunto the following? Account of the Charge of building a Ship of each Rate, and furnifliing her with Mads, Yards, Sails, and Rigging, together with a Propor- tion of eight Months Boatfwain's and Carpenter's Sea-Stores, as near as the fame can be ellimated, vix. Guns. For a Ship of — loo 90 80 70 60 so 40 30 10 / 3SSS3 13638 17785 14197 io6o5 7ff8 Sh6 3710 The Chargt of tuiUing a Ship of each Thus, according to the Number of Ships we have of the afore-* faid Rates, the Charge of Building, Rigging, and furnifhing them with Stores, as aforefaid, amounts to xjii97j/. befides which, there is the Expence of their Ordnance, and Gunner's Stores. And here it may be obferved, that fuppofmg forty thoufand Men, Officers included, are employed at Sea one whole Year, or thirteen Lunary Months, the Charge thereof, accounting each of them one with another, at 4/. a Month, f which is for wages, Vifluals, and the Wear and Tear of the Ships) is not above 43197^/. Icl's than what may be fufficient to build arid ri« as ma- ny Ships as Great Britain now hath, from the Firft to the Sixth Rate, inclufive, and to furnifh them with Boatfwain's and Car- penter's Stores ; nor have I herein accounted for the Charge of Tenders, and other incident 'Expences towards the manning a Fleet. Befides which there is the ordinary Expence of the Navy, in j/,, „dinary which is included the Salaries and Contingencies of all the Naval i-:xp,nc,cfth* Officers on Ihore ; the Charge of the Officers and Workmen ^"^y- employed in the Dock- Yards, and Rope- Yards ; Moorings, and ordinary Repairs of the Ships while lying up in Harbour , with the Wages and Viduals of the Warrant-Officers and their Ser- vants, and of the Men born on Ships of the largefl Dimenfions, together with Penfions to thofe Officers who are fuperannuated, and Half-Pays to others while unemployed, the Charge whereof is more or lefs, according to the Number of M^n made ufe of at Sea ; for as in time of great A 000/. perAiNrmt fo in Peace, fuppofing there are not above ten thoufand Men in Pay, a I it ')' IP L 'I ill, •III \r r R E F A C £. it comes to near xxyooo/. for when fewell Ships are employed, the ordinary Expence of thofe lying up in Harbour doth confe- quently encreafe proportionably, both as to the Wages and Vic- tuals of the Warrant-OfKcers and Men born on them for their Security, their Moorings, necelfary Repairs, and other Parti- culars. But over and above the Charge of the Ordinary of the Navy, there are other expenfive Works neceflarily to be performed, which are more properly termed the extraordinary Repairs there- Thttxirair. of; and thofe are the rebuilding of Ships, and givmg a good dinaryRtftirs Repair to others lying up in Haroour ; the buildmg of Houfes "J th,Navy. jjj the Yards for tne Reception of Stores, when others are de- cayed , or (hall not be found capable of containing them , and the repairing of Store-houfes, Docks, Wharfs, Officers Houfes, and feveral other Particulars, as well in the Dock- Yards as Rope- Yards, and the like extraordinary Expences as to the Office of Viftualling His Majeily's Navy, both in Town, and at the feve- ral Ports. L-et us, in the next Place, confider how this our Royal Navy may be rendered moft ufeful to the Nation, for if every Circum- flance be not timely, and effe^ually provided for, fo as that the Ships, or a fufficient Number of them, at leaft, may be always in a Readinefs, upon any preifing occaiion, the publick Service muft inevitably fufFer. The Maga. In the firft Place, therefore, it is abfolutely neceflary that the una ought to Naval Magazines fhould be coriilantly kept well replenifhed with b, rtfitn,fl„d. Timber, Plank, Cordage, Hemp, Tar, and all other Things pro- per for equipping forth a Royal Fleet, at leaftwithfuch Species as are not the moft liable to decay. Cart ought to It is Ukcwife no lefs neceflary that the Mafter-Builders at the bitaktnmtht Dock-Yards, and thofe Officers employed under them, fhould Mf,.^ carefully, and confcientioufly apply themfelves towards the well fitting His Majefty's Ships, when there iliall be occafion for their Service, as well as in the giving them proper Airings and Repairs while they lie at their Moorings in Harbour ; nor ought they to be lefs careful when any Ship? return into Port, in order to their being refitted ; for it is demonftrable that, where the fame is well performed, fuch Ship will be capable of doing the Go- vernment twice as much Service as another pofTibly can, which is hurried out of Port without being thoroughly fearched into, fince, 4n fuch cafe, fhe muft neceflTarily come fooner in, and will, doubtlefs, require much more time, as well as Expence, to put her intd a good Condition, than it might have done, had her chief Ailments been at firft remedied. I fay it highly behoves the Mafter Shipwrights, and the pro- per Officers under them, to be very circumfpeft in thefe Parti- culars ; and though it muft be owned that in times of great Ac- tion, when the PrefTingnefs of the Service requires the utmoft Difpatch in the putting Ships into the Sea, there canuot be fo much time allowed as may be neceflary for making a thorough * Search X i ' R E F A C E. Search into the Defers of thole which are fitting out, or others comint«; into Port to be refitted, yet as, in the firll Cale, all pof- fible care fliould be taken to inlpeft into, and repair their cnief Ailments while they lie in Harbour, (I mean I'uch as, if not time- ly taken in hand, may foon render them in a worfe Condition^ lo, in the latter, the Commanders of His Majelly's Shms, and the fubordinate Olhcers, but more efpecially the Mafter Carpen- ters, ought carefully to inform themfclves or the Complaints they make while at Sea, that fo they may be able to acquamt the Ma- iler Shipwrights of the fame, and they to apply proper Reme- dies ; for, without thefe Precautions, a Ship may be lent out a- gain with fome llight Works done unto her, without difcover- mg the principal Defers llie complains of, and thereby be con- llrained, to the no fmall Difappointment of the Service, to re- turn into Port, even in a worfe Condition than when flie depart- ed from it, as hath been before obl'erved. It is no lefs incumbent on the Officers of the Dock-Yards, as well as thofe of the Rope- Yards, to fee that the feveral Species of Stores, delivered into His Majelly's Magazines be, in all re- c^rmught u ipeth, anfwerable to the Contrads made with the principal Ofift- c,'*l',!^rf^f* cers and Commilfioners of the Navy, whether the fame be Can- thlsm,': vas, Hemp, Tar, Cordage, Timber, Plank, or any other Species, and that the Rigging, Anchors, Cables, and all other Materials be well wrought up; for as the faid'Commiflioners of the Na- vy, nay even the Surveyor himfelf, cannot perfonally infpefl in- to all things neceflary to be done to the Hulls of tne Snips, fo are they much lefs able to view the various forts of Stores deli- vered into the feveral Yards, or to fee that they are well hus- banded ; wherefore as this Truft doth more immediately lie in the Officers of the Yards, fo ought they themfelves, and not by their Inllruments, if it can by any means be avoided, to Iook carefully thereinto, and rather to have a greater regard to the Good of the Publick, than if they were tranfatting Affairs for the Advantage of their own Families. Nol- ought there to be lefs Caution ufed by the proper Offi- ctnv,run% cers of the Yards in the converting of, and applying the refpec- ^'w^fr.&cw tive Species of Stores to their neceflary Ufes, but more efpeci- ^^'^"^ ^'^"' ally Timber and Plank; for if Care and Judgment go hand in hand therein, unnecelTary Wafte may be prevented, and thereby great Sums of Money faved. Having faid thus much relating to the Navy itfelf, let us, in Touching th, the next Place, confider the Circumftances of the Seafaring Meii st'f'nng pio- of Great Britain ; a Race of People, who, as they are the moft a'ritain?'^"' valuable becaufe the Fleets wherem they ferve are our chief De- fence, fo, confequently, the greateft care ought to be taken to treat them in fuch manner as that it may encourage their En- creafe, aud leave them as little room as poflible for Complaints of Hardlhips. I do heartily willi that fome fuch Methods could be coirie at as might effeftually contribute hereunto ; for as they are a Body of P il A p A e E. ( I ^i Hi jtiufii of LAndladiti and Tickit- tuytrs, Tht Inconvt- nitficiet oflm- prtffmg Sta- men. Rigiftr'mi of Stafarmg Men. of hfavc Peopte, fubjc«?led to greatel! EMngcrs, not only from ah Eitemy, but on many other Accounts, fo may they with good Ufagt be cafify Wfougnt tfpon, and induced, with uncommon Chearfulnefs, to took Death in the Face on all occafrons ; where- fdte fince they are fo intrinfically valuaWe in thcmiclvcs, all that it poftible ftioold be done towards rendering the Pubiick Service can^ to them. if fome other Method, I fay, could be found out to bring them into the Service of the Crown, when there flwll be occa- iion, than that which hath for many Years been prartifed, of forchrg great Numbers thereinto, as it would, aoubtlefs, be much more agreeable, fo might it induce Numbers of young Peo- )fe to betake themfelves to a Seafliring Life, who now rather hew a total Diflike thereunto ; but until fuch Methods can be uckily come at, either by a general Regillry, which, Ix'Jides the T-ncourage nonts, fhould carry with it lomc Penalties alfo, (for a voluiltary one it hath been experienced will not aniwcr the pur- pofe) or fome other way lefs grievous than Prefling, it may not be altogether improper to aomonifli Gentlemen who (hall be hereafter employed in raifing Men for the Fleet, to caufe them to be treatedr with all pofTible Tendernefs and Humanity, that fo they may be induced with the greater Chearfulnefs to expofe their Lives in the Service of their Prince, and Country, when they fhall be brought to face an Enemy. It muft be acknowledged that no Seafaring People whatever have the like Advantages with thofe of Great Britain^ more e- fpecially as to their Pay, and Provifions ; and if fome inch Re- gulations could be made as might prevent their being impofed upon by their Landladies, as they themfelves term them, and o- thers wnd concern themlelVes in purehafing their Tickets at a moll tinreafohable Difcount, the Service of the Crov\'n might be yet much mttre cbmfortable to them and their Families. Th6 prefent Method of impreiling Men for the Royal Navy, is not only attended with great Inconveniences to the Men them- felves, but it alio caufes no fmall Interruption to Trade; for ve- ry often when there hath been occafron for confidcrablc Num- bers of Men to ferve in the Fleet, it hath been found neceflary to put alhioft a total Srop, for fome time, to the proceeding of all outward-bound Merchant Ships and Veflels ; whereas if fome Meafures could be taken, by a Regillry, as aforcfaid, or other- Wife, fo as to come at the certain Knowledge of every Seaman, or Seafaring Man in the Kingdom, together with their Ages and 13efcriptions, and that fuch an Account were from time to time kept complekt, its the fame Ihafl vary, either by Death, or other Circumftance, at a particular Office to be emblilhed for that purpofe, the Lord High-Admiral, or the Commifiionei-s for ex- ecuting that Office, m!ght not only be conftantly informed what Numbers of fuch People are Inhabitants in the Nation, but an Accotfnt might likewife be kept, from time to tittie, which of them are employed as vt^dl in the PuHlick Scn'icc , as that of » the Pi p R K FACE. the Merchants, and when they ftiall be difcharged either from one or tlie other : Iklidcs, it might be fo provided for, that when fuch A Number of them have been employed a certain Time in the Service of the Crown, they Ihould nave Licence to enter thcmtl'lve!» on board of Merchant Ships, and when they have fo ferved a limited Time, be obliged to go on board the Ships of the Royal Navy, when there flinll be occafion for them. Some- what of this kmd, if rightly Ifct on foot, would be of fingular Uie, cfpecialiy in time of War; for as the Government would not be put to Trouble and K-xpence, as now, in railing Seamen, fo would not the Merchants be at a Lofs for a fufficicnt Number at all Times to carry on their Trade. And in time of Peace, when the Crown >vill not have occafion for very confiderabk* Numbers of Seamen, they may be more at liberty to employ themfclves otherwife. As this is a thing of fuch a Nature as to require no fmall Ap- plication to render it ettedual, I have only hinted at it here ; but if it (hall at any time be judged proper to put it in Pradicc, and it ihall pleafe God to blefs me with the Continuance of Life and Health, I will molt readily contribute all I am able towards the eUablilhing what, in my humble Opinion, may fo much tend to the Good of my Country. This being faid with regard to the Seafaring People of the RcUtmiioiL- Nation, let us now confider, in as brief a manner as may be, 'Ji-""">'"y »/ fomewhat of the OEconomy of the Navy, and what Officers are ''" ^'"'^' under the Direftion of the Lord High-Admiral, with refpeft as well to the Military as the Civil Adminiflration of his Office, and to fet forth, as much as may be confiltent with a Preface, the Na- ture of their feveral Employments. Firlt then , That Officer who is next and immediately under the Lord High-Admiral, (I mean in his Military Capacity) is the Vice- Admiral of Great liritain, and next to him the Rear- Ad- rue.arxiRtiif. miral, the annual Fee of the former being 461;/. 5-/. %e/. and of ^I'lmirai »/ the latter 369/. 4^. .W. Both thefe Officers are appointed by Com- ^reatnrit.in. millions under the Great Seal, the former of whom at this time is James Earl of Berkeley^ and the latter Matthe'w Lord Aylmer ; but heretofore fuch Powers have been granted by the Lord High- Admiral, and alfo by the Coumiflioners for executing that Office. The Lord High-Admiral grants his Commifllon to fnch Per- ion as His Majelty thinks fitting, by which he is appointed Ad- miral and Commander in Chief of the Fleet for the Expedition A.Umrai ,./ whereon it is defigned ; and he, when out of the Britijh Cha- '/' f'"' ncl, appoints all Officers, as Vacancies happen, either by Death, or otherwife, who at the end of the Expedition are confirmed by the Lord High-Admiral, or Commiffioners of the Admiralty, in cafe there doth not appear any reafonable Objedions there- unto. The Officer thus appointed to Command the Fleet is empow- ered by the Lord Higli-Admiral, or the Commiflioners for ma- naging R E F A C E. n.iyj// ('/ jlilmimli y. 'jHll/f tlilvil 1411 "I lilt N»''jy, MM'/ //il lupHi). The Lord High-Admiral hath alfo an Advocate in the fnid igh (lourt of Admirally ; and as the King haih alfo a- Advo- cate (iencra) therein, fo hath the ] ligh- Admiral a I'rotfor ; l)e- fides whom ihere is a Regiller, and a Marflial. The Lord High-Admiral doth, by his Oommiflion, appoint a Judge Advocate of th.e Navy, for ih.e mote regular holding (Courts rVlariial, and trying Ollenders ; and the laid Ji'idge Advocate hath a Deputy, to ailill him in the I'^xccution ol U)c liulinuls of 6 hij; Pr K I' A C li. Ills OIHoi*, who is appointed in the fame manner. TIktc is likfvvifc a (.oiincdior for the Allaiis of the Admi- cwirihr i> rally and Navy, as lo Millers relating to the (lomnioii I " '''"" vvlioin the I .(Mil I li/?,!i-A(lnina!, or theCominidioners of the Ad- ['.''' [,''",'' j^'' mirnliv, ami the Navy Moard refer Inch Matters a,> are proper u. his (lonfideration and Advice ; and (he (aid ('ouneellt)r is allow- ed an Adillan , who Joliciis, and manages, by DireiMions front liie Admiralty anw his Service at vSea the next icar, which being clone, rilimaies ii„c.row>,f(,r are prepared, and laid before I lis Majelly in Oouneil, for his'""';',""/"" Koyal (Confirmation, of iheOhargc of their Wages, and Viduals, "JUi^T " and of the Wear and Tear of the Ships wherein they may be '"'' ''•"• employed ; and the Navy Uoard are direii'fed l)y the I .ord lligh- Admiral to eonlider, and propofe to him how, in their opinion, and that of the ('ommiliioners forVidualling the Navy, the Pro- vilions for ihe laid Men may be moll properly dillributed ai the" feveral Ports, which beinp, approved of, DireiHions are fent to the faid (lommillioners of the Navy accordingly, and by them to the (lommillioners for ViiMualling. The Lord lligh Admiral dotli alfo, by Letter to the Mailer- \/»;. «r. /«/> (I'eneral of the ()rdnance, delire him to eaufe (Inns, aiul (lun- ^!"'' ";/'f' ner's Stores lobe put on board Mis Majeliy's Ships which are V","^rVn.,n '^ from time to lime ordered to be fiifd out for Service, and for ti<,i.,>,.iii,j,. the taking them on Ihore again, and placing tlu-m in I lis Majeliy's X'7iv'r'r'«i Mai'a.'ines, when fuch Ships art ordeici! to be dilcliarged from ihiuiLimt. farmer Serviic : .nut the like he doth when iij'v Ships come in- to Port to be relit led. The I , ord Iligh-Admiral doth by his Warrants to the princi- pal Ollicers and Comniiliionersof the Navy, direi't them locaufe .ill Ollicers to be cnii red in I lis Majilly's Dock-N'anls and Rope- m »-h.,iw.tn- Yards, as alfo all Handing Ollicers on board I lis Majeliy's Ships, "" "//'"> "/ huh as Pullers, (iunners, Moaifwains, and ('arpeniers; but the ''','^', "',',;',' ^y.'' Mailers, (Ihyrurgeons, and ('ooks are, by the Authority they /..wi»(».<. have received from the Lord I ligh-Aclmiral, appointed by their own peculiar \\'arrants. Aiul as to all I'lag-Oilicers, Oaptains, b 1 aiul p R E F A C E. '.!i m 1' XJvy Pc/ir/t, ten hn-t I'niver tJ mahe Con- tracts, lilt furnot ff J\rm any con Jnleraite H'u •.vithoat the Hi^h Adtyii- ral's .-ipfr)- Lation. vice Adn'i- rah at h.Tne unci tbroad. PjZfC'-! ,» to a I'we iniral. ;j ,'i i and Lieutenants, they are commillion'd by the High- Admiral, or C'ommillioners of the Admiralty, without pafling through .2 Hands of the Navy Board ; and the Chaplams, Volunteers, and Schoolmailers of Ships, are immediately appointed by the Lord High Admiral, or CommilTit/ners of the Admiralty, by Warrants diredcd to the Captains of the faid Ships, as are Midlhipmen extraordinary, but no Perfon is admitted as fuch, who iiath not before fcrved as a Lieutenant. Both the principal Officers and CommiHioners of the Navy, and the Commiflioners for Vidualling , have Power from the Crown to make Contrads for all Naval Stores and Provifions ne- ccflary for the Publick Service. But fmce the enumeraring the fcveral liranches of the Inllrudions to one and the other, toge- ther with thofe to the Officers of the Dock-Yards, Rope- Yards, ^c. would be a Work much too large for a Preface, I fliall only touch on one thing more relating to this Head, which is, that before either of thofe Boards give Orders for the Performance of any confiderable Work, or Buildings, they prepare, and lay before the Lord High-Admiral, or Commiflioners of the Admi- ralty, Ellimates of what the Charge of fuch Works may proba- bly amount unto, and if the fame are approved of, Orders are ill'ued for their being performed accordingly. The Lord High-Admiral alfo appoints his Vice- Admirals as well in the Maritime Countries of thefe Kingdoms, as in His Ma- jelly's foreign Governments and Plantations, and this by War- rants to the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty to iflue Com- miflions under the Great Seal of the faid Court, by which they are empou'cred, I mean the Vice- Admiral abroad, , I. To proceed on, and determine (with the AfTiftance of the judge of the Admiralty, who with the Regilters, and Mar- Ihals, are appointed by the Lord High-Admiral) all Civil and Maritime Caufes. r. To make Enquiry into, by a Jury, according to ancient Laws and Cultoms, the Goods and Chattels of all Traitors, Pirates, Murderers, and Felons, trefpafling within the Jurif- didion of their Vice-AHmiralties, together with the Goods, Debts, and Chattels of their Acceilbries and Accomplices, and of Felons de Sea, Fugitives convift, attainted, excom- municated, and out-lawed : But fuch Goods and Chattels of Pirates ought not to be proceeded againft and condemned, until they have been in the PoirelTion of the High Court of Admi- ralty, or the Vice- Admiralty Courts abroad, for the Ipace of one Year and a Day, which time is allowed to fuch Perfcns who pretend a Right to them to put in their Claims. 3. To enquire into all Goods of Ships that are Flotjbn, Jetfitty or Logon, and all Shares,Treafure found, and to be found, and 'Deodands ; and alfo all Goods found in the Seas , Shores, Creeks, and within the freih Waters, on Places overflowed by the Sea. To p R E F A C E. 4. To infpeft into Anchorage and Ballaftage, as alfo all Royal Fillies, fuch as Sturgeons, Whcles, Porpulles, Dolphins, GrampiilTes, and, in general, all large Filhes, and to hear, and determine in the lame, either by themfelves, their Lieu- tenants, or Deputies, and to levy, collet, and prcferve whatever is adjudged, mulded, or forfeited, for the Ul'e of ?he King, (when thofe things are referved by the Crown to its own Dilpofal) or the Lord High-Admiral. J. To arreit Ships, Goods, and Pcrlbns within the Jurifdidi- on of their Vice- Admiralties, according as the cafe fliall re- quire, and conformable to the Maritime and Civil Laws, upon any Applications, or Complaints that fliall be made to them ; and to compel Perfons to appear, and anfwer in their Courts, and to punifli, mul<^t, or impnlbn thofe who refufe fo to appear. 6. To put in Execution all Laws, Orders, and Cuftoms for the Prefervation of the Ports, Rivers, and Fiflies within the Diftrift of their Vice- Admiralties. 7. To take away all Nets that are too fcanty, and all unlawful Engines and Inlhuments for catching Fifti, and to punifli thofe who ufe them. 8. To proceed in Judgment on Bodies found dead on the Wa- ter, and to appoint Deputies, and other Officers, for the better infpeding into, and management of the Matters com- mitted to their Charge ; with a Provifo that nothing fliall infringe the Rights of the High Court of Admiralty of this Kingdom, and any Perfon, or Perfons, who fliall think them- felves agricved by the Sentence of their Court, their ap- pealing to the aforefaid High Court of Admiralty. 9. They hold their Places, as Vice- Admirals, with all the Pro- fits and Perquifites belonging thereunto, during pleafure ; and they are enjoined to tranlmit in every Year, if demand- ed, between the Feafls of St. Michael the Arch- Angel, and All-Saints, an exaft Account of all their Proceedings, and of what doth remain in their Hands, purfuant to the a- forefald Directions in their Commiffions, which, in default thereof, are to become void, as thofe are alfo to the Vice- Admirals at home. And fince feveral Difpute*-, formerly happened between the Vice Admirals, and the Judges of the faid Courts, in relation to their refpedive Authorities, the late King James, when Lord High- Admiral, in the Reign of his Brother, determined the fame in the manner following. 1. That the Vice- Admiral (as he is authorifed by his Patent) fliould proceed folely in the Exercife of Jurifdiftioi. in the Matters following, viz. To Pr E F A C E. '4M I III "1 1 'III 1 if >$ Difpntis bt- twitn thi Vict- Admi- rals and the Judgti of the Vice-Admi- ralt'tts recon- ciled by the Duke of York, whe.i High- Admi- ral, To enquire />er facramentum froborum (^ legalium homi- num^ de omnibus tS fin^ulis qua de jure^ fiat ut is, ordi- nationibusy vel con/uetndtnibus. Curia Trincifalisy Ad- miralitatts AngUa, ab antiquo inquiri folent vel dcbe~ rent. That is, of all and lingular thole Things which by the Law, Statutes, Ordinances, or Cultoms of the High Court of Admiralty of England^ are, from anci- ent Times, wont, or ought to be enquired into upon the Oaths of good and lawful Men. To take PolTemon, and have the Cuftody of all Goods wrecked, whether Flotjon^ Jctfon, or Lagon, and all Goods of Felons and other Offenders forfeited or found in that Vice- Admiralty; as alio of all pecuniary Mulfts, and Fines inttided within the fame, and the Forfeitures of all Recognizances, and all other Admiralty Droits and Perquifites, and to difpofe of the fame to the ufe of the Lord High Admiral, giving him a particular Ac- count thereof To ufe the Seal committed to his Cuftody in all Writs and Proceedings which concerned the Lxercifc of his Jurifdiftion, To receive the Profits of Anchorage, Laftage, and Ballafling of Ships with Sand within his Vice-Admi- ralty, if the fame fhould not be efpecially granted to fome other Perfon, and to be refponfible for the fame. 2. And as for the Power of the Judge, it was determined as follows ; That he fhould proceed alone in all Matters of Inllance whatfoever between Party and Party ; as to the giving Oaths to all WitnefTes; to decree Compulfories againlt fuch as fhould refufe to appear ; to grant Commiflions for Examination of Parties, Principal and WitnefTes ; to take all manner of Recognizances before him, and , as need iTiould require, to declare the fame to be forfeited ; and to order all fuch things as might be requifite to be de- creed, and done, concerning any Suit or Matter de- pending in Court before him for the concluding there- of; and at lafl to give and pronounce Sentence defini- tive, as the Merits of the Caufe fliould require. That he, by Deputation from the Vice Admiral, fliould alone take Cognizance of, and determine all Contrafts made beyond the Seas to be performed here, and of thofe which fhould be made here to be expedited be- yond the Seas, and this, notwithflanding the Power thereof was particularly mentioned in the Parent to the Vice-Admiral. That as to all Matters of Office (faving to the Vice-Admiral the Power to enquire per facramentum ^ Icgalium bo- minum de omnibus Gf Singulis ^ ^c. before- mentioned, and 1 , Goods and all 5r found ' Muias, rfeitures y Droits , the ufe cular Ac- all Writs ile of his age, and ce-Admi- rrantcd to le fame. rmined as jf Inftance I the giving ries againll )mmiflions ineffes; to lnd,asneed teited; and to be de- latter de- [ding there- :nce defini- (ire. iiral, fliould II Contrafts Ire, and of Vdited be- [the Power kent to the Ice- Admiral \cgalinm ho- I mentioned, and 1^ R E F A C E. and laving alio lo liim rhe Collcding, and Cuilorly of all thole Things which belong to him by his Patent) the Judge fliould have Power to impole I'ines upon Otienders, commit them to Prifon for not Payment of thole Fines; to examine, and commit any Perlbn taken and apprehended upon hufpicion of Pimcv, and to proceed to the Adjudication of Goods for- feited and contilcable (laving to the'Migh Court of Ad- miralty the Right of procLcding agaiiill all fuch Ships and Goods for which any'Perion fliould put in his'Claim there, and fuch, as being cJf very great'V alue, are there to be adjudged , as it hath always been accilflomcd) which are to be fcized, and taken into Pofl'cliion by the Vice-Admiral, who was to give Intimation thereof to the High Court of Admiralty, and, after 'Condem- nation thereof, to difpofe of the feme, and to be ac- countable to the Lord High-Admiral, as direi^fed by his Patent. And that there might be a right Undc-^'-ndinj between the Viccr Admiral and the Judge, (au fitting the^ixer- cife of the Judicial Proceeding in, and fentencing of all Caufes dependmg in Court to belong only to the Judge, OS aforefaid) the Vice- Admiral was at Hberty, at his pleafure, at any time to fit with the Judge in Court, in regard he might oftentimes be efpecially concerned in fome Matters of Office depending in the faid Court, and that the appointment of the Courts fucceflively ihould be with his Knowledge, and Appiobation. And that if the Judge fliould not keep Courts, and do thofe things which are fitting to be none by his Place, the Vice- Admiral might then, or his -Deputy, keep fuch Courts, and judge, and receive the Jtidge's accullom- ed Fees. The Lord High- Admiral, having made thefe Reglllaticms be- tween the Vice Admirals and the Judges of thofe Courts, he thought it fitting alfo to ellablifti certain Articles, and to enjoin inftm-fion, riie then Judge of the High Court of Admiralty ftriftty to com- -^^ 5 '*' ply therewith, that fo due care might be taken in the adminittring York, wbetf of Jultice, and that with dilpatch, in regard the fame was fo ab- "';*'f "^,2'/ folutely necelFary upon the Score not only of the Suhjeftsof this 'j„'d:° o/lht Kingdom, but of thofe of its AUies ^Ifo ; wfeith Articles were as ^^miraiiy. follows, vis. I. That he fliould be very careful and intent in the preventing all Delays, and Subterwges whatfoever in Judicial Proceed- ings, and, with particular Application, give all poffibk: dif- pacch to Foreigners in their Suits, and to Seamen, fcrving m Merchant Ships about their Wages, efpecially -when they fliould be found wtjingled with dilatory Exceptions, or Ap^ pe4l§f Pr E F A C E. peals. And that if he found any Dcfcds in the Confl''uti- on, or Abufes in the PraiHce of the ('oiirt, which could not be remedy'd otherwife than by Mis Majcily's Authority, he fhould, upon confidering thereof with the Advocate to the Lord High-Admiral, reprcfent the iamc to him, in order to the obtaining fuch farther Regulations as to His Majelly Ihould be thought fitting. r. That he fkould, as much as in him lay, preferve the Rc- fped and Reverence that ought to be in a C'ourt of Jullice, where Foreigners, among others, might have frequent Ap- plications to make, and eftetturilly to reprefs all infolcnt bpeeches, and indecent Hehaviour, which could not but raife in the Apprehenfions of Strangers both a Scorn to that Court, and a Prejudice to all the Judicial Proceedings in the King- dom. 3. That he ihould lay before him an exadt Table of the Fees ufually paid for any Monition, Warrant, Decree, Sentence, Inflrument, Copy, Exemplirtcation, or any other Ad, or Thmg whatfoever, payable to himfelf, as Judge, or to the Regilter, Marflial, or any other Perlbn belonging to the Court, which Table was to be atteiled under the Hands of the Advocate and Prodor to the Lord High-Admiral, and thofe of the moll ancient Pra(ititioners in the High Court of Admiralty, that in cafe it Ihould appear fuch Table had in it nothing differing from the Table approved by his Pre- decefTors, Lords High- Admiral, he might confirm the fame under his Hand and Seal, and take fuch farther Meafures as might efFeduallj^ reflrain all Exactions, and Demands not juflitiable by the faid Table. 4. To furvey, with all poilible Exaftnefs, all the Records and Writings m the Pofl'efTion of the Regifler of the Court, and, with the Advice of his Advocate, to caufe them to be di- gefted in fuch a Method , and depofited in fuch fafe and convenient Places, as might bell preferve them from Da- mage or Embezilment. And that in every long Vacation he fhould fet afide fome time to vifit the faid Regiflry, with the AfTiftance of the Advocate and Prodor to the Lord High-Admiral, and to give Orders to the Regifler of the Court for the fair tranfcribing, and careful digefling the a- foregoing Year's Records, fo as that the fiime might be mofl ready, and mofl ufeful to Poflerity. 5". Once in every Year he was to call all the Vice- Admirals to account, on Oath, in the High Court of Admiralty, as had been accuftomed, for fuch Droits and Perquifites as fhould have come the preceding Year into their Hands, and cflfec- tually to proceed to the pronouncing their Commiflions void, in cafe any of the faid Vice-Admirals fhould negleft, or re- fufe to give in their yearly Accounts at the time accuftom- ed. Nor was he, in any cafe, to content himfelf with the Oaths of their Proftors, Solicitors, or Servants, unlefs it 6 Ihould p R E F A C E. Condl'uti- I could not thority, he :aic to the I, in order iis Majelty vc the Rc- : of Jullice, equent Ap- all iiil'olent lot but raife tliat Court, n the King- of the Fees ij Sentence, ler Act, or ?, or to the ging to the le Hands of admiral, and High Court: h Table had 1 by his Pre- rm the fame er Meafures emands not .ecords and Court, and, m to be di- ich fafe and m from Da- Vacation he gillry, with o the Lord giller of the elling the a- ■ight be moil Admirals to ralty, as had tes as ftiould s, and effec- lidions void. Tied, or re- le accultom- elf with the Its, unlefs it ihould fliould appear unto him that any of the faid V^ice- Admi- rals had excrciied their OiKce by one or more Depu- ties, in which (-ufc he was to admit of his or their Oaths, and of the; Accounts fo exhil)ited ; provided the (^ou't were latisfied that his or their Deputation was Ic^al, fullicicni, and not revoked at the time of his, or their acconipiing. And in calb it 'hould I'o happen that any of the laid Vice Admirals, or tb.cir Deputies, could not conveniently attend to give in his, or their Accounts peribnally in C'ourt, he was then, with the Content of the Advocate and Proc- tor to the Lord High-Admiral, to illlie out a Commillion, in the ufual form, to fuch Perfons of known Worth and Quality, as might receive their rcfpcdive Oaths and Accounts in any convenient Place within tlicii Jurifdittions. Lallly. He was to endeavour to inform himfelf, from the a- forefaid Vice- Admirals, and by all other Methods in his Power, what Lords of Mannors, and what Corporations within their refpedive Jurifdidions, fliould either by Vio- lence ufurp, or, under Colour of Grant, or Prefcnption, challenge to thcmlelves the Rights and Droits of the Admi- ral, and from time to time to acquaint him therewith, that due Courfe in Law might be taken to refcue the ancient Rights and Royalties of the OHHce from being altogether fwallowed uy by Encroachmenis, and Uiurpaiions. The aforementioned Powers delegated by the Lord High Ad- miral to the \ ice-Admirals, are much the fame as thof'e granted to him by the Crown, fo far, I mean, as they relate to thofe par- ticular Branches of his OfHce ; and when the King doth noi re- ferve to himfelf the Rights and Perquifites' of Admiralty, the r/;< f«, *»a High- Admiral's Fee, or Salary, is no more than three hundred ^iiy„°,\'!" Marks a Year, which he receives out of the Exchequer ; but when Admiral' he doth not enjoy thofe Perquifites, his Salary is 700/. perAnnum^ which Perquifites are as follows, viz. All Goods, Debts, and Chattels of Traitors, Pirates, Murther- t}'* P'ri"!- ers, and Felons, and of their AccefTaries and Accomplices ; {"'/hw' as alfo of all Felons de /e. Fugitives, Convids, attainted, Admirli. ' excommunicated, and out-lawed Perfons, \Vithin the Limits of his Jurifdidion. All Goods that are found on the Surface of the Sea, as alfo Jetfon and Lagon, Trcafures, Deodands, and Derelids, to- gether with all loft Goods, Merchandizes, and Chattels found in the Sea, or thrown out thereof; and all cafual Goods found upon the Sea, or its Shore, Creeks, Coafts, or Sea- Ports ; as alfo upon frefh Waters, Havens, publick Rivers, Rivulets, Creeks, or other Places overflowed, lying beneath the Flux and Reflux of the Sea, or Water at full Tide, or upon the Shores, or Banks of the fame, from the firlt Bridge towards the Sea. c Alfo f *\ '■S « }•.'(■ N M !^ '. 'I P R E F A C E. thiLord Hr:h' Ailmiul li.f etniiiiiicd. Alio Anchorage of foreign Ships upon the Sen, or in Mavens or publick Rivers, or near the Shores, or Promoniories of any of the fame. All Royal Fifhes, r/xs. Sturgeons, Whales, Porpullcs, Dol- phins, and Grampufles ; and, in general, all otiicr lilhes of an enormous Thicknefs or Fatnels, w liicli have hy ancient Right, cr Cullom, belonged to the OlHce of High- Ad- miral. All Fines, Mul(fh, Forfeitures, Amerciaments, Redemptions, and Recognizances vvhatloever that are forfeited ; and all pecuniary Punilhments for Tranfgrellions, Orience, Injuries* Extortions, Contempts, and all other C>rimes vvhatloever, inflided, cr to be inllickd in any Court of Admiralty. Thefe Verquifites, among otb.ers, were always enjoyed by the ptr.jiiifiiti to Lord High -Admirals, until the Year 1673, when the Duke of Tork, afterwards Klngjamcs the Second, furrendring his Patent, King Charles the Second appointed feveral of the great OtKccrs of State to execute the Employment, but with a very limited Power ; for His Majefty referved to himielf the Difpofal of all Employments, as well as the Droits of Admiralty, and the l^iid Droits, or Perquifites, have continued in the Crown ever iince; for when his Royal Highnefs Prince George of 'Deuniark was ap- pointed I ,ord-High-Admiral, and Thomas Earl of 'Pembroke and Momg^ynery^ both before and after him, although both one and the oihtr had the Grant of all fuch Perquifites in their Patents, yet byDcedsof Gift they reinftated them in the Crown, and they nave from time to time been applied towards defraying the pub* lick Expcnces. 1 alfo find by the Records in the Office of Admiralty, that, be- fides the Perquilites mentioned in the Patent to the Prince oiT^en- mark. King jamesy when Duke of Tork, and Lord High-Admi- otiitr rcf-qtii- Yd], had feveral others annexed to his Office. For in the Year i)«L ly v' 'k, ^^^'^ '^"^ rented out the publick Chains, by which Ships were when L.xi ' moored in the River of Thames, to Thomas Elliot Elq; by a ht^h-Admt- Leafc of fourteen Years, at (^ool. fer Annum , the {aid Elliot obliging himfelf to keep them in good Repair. His Royal Highnefs alfo rented out all Sea Weed, Minerals, Sand, Gravel, and Stone lying between high, and low Water Mark, over all England and finales, the River of Thames except- ed, at 400/. per Annum. He had alfo a Duty on all Ferries on Navigable Rivers, or Arms of the Sea below the lalt Bridge ; and in the Year 166^ he made a Grant of all the Ferries in Ireland to Sir Maurice Berkeley ; and in former Times the Lord High- Admiral had Duties on Light- houfcs and Beacons. He had likewife the one tenth part of all Merchant Ships, \^eflels, and Goods taken from an Enemy, either by Ships of War, or Privateers, and appointed Commifiioners to demand and recover rd. P H E I ACE. I'xifiit of the lord Hi:h- A Imlral'tju- rifdiilitn. Relatinti " ihe Condtm- natian of Pri' x.es at hom* and abroad. recover the fnmc, and his Advocate, and rrodlor in the High Court of Admiralty to allill them therein. As to the prcCent Ivxtent of the Jurifdidion of the Lord High- Admiral, or Commidioners for executing that OfKce, it is over Great Britai/f, Ireland, and fl'^aies^ with the Dominions and Ulands of the fame ; as alio Nciu England^ New Tork^ Eaft and IVeltJerfiys^ Jamaica, f^irginia, Barbadoes^ St. Chrijiofher's^ Nevis, Monfirat, Bermudas, and Antegoa in America, and Guinea, Bin- ny, and Angola in Africa, with tiie Ulands and Dominions of the fame ; and all and fmgular other Plantations, Dominions, and Territories whatfoever in Farts beyond the Seas, in the Pollefli- on of any of His Majcfly's Subjcds. When War is declared againit any Prince, orStatf., the Lord High-Admiral, by his Memorial to the King in Council, prays that he will be pleafed to dircd the Advocate for the OHice of High- Admiral in the ('ourt of Admiralty, to prepare, and lay before His Majelly, for his Royal Approbation, the Draught of a Commiflion, authorifing him the faid Lord High-Admiral, to empower the High Court of Admiralty in the foreign Govern- ments and Plantations, to take Cognizance of, and judicially pro- ceed upon all, and all manner of Captures, Seifures, Prizes, and Reprizals of all Ships and Goods feifed, and to adjudge, and condemn the fame, according to the Courfe of the Admiralty, and Law of Nations -, as alfo all Ships and Goods liable to Con- fifcation, purfuant to the refpedives Treaties with His Majelly, and other Princes and States. The Lord High- Admiral alfo humbly defires His Majelly's Di- reftions in Council to his Advocate General in the High Court of Admiralty, and to the Advocate to the OHice of High- Ad- miral in the faid Court, to prepare, and lay before His Majeily a Commiflion, authorifing him the faid Lord High- Admiral to to illuc forth Letters of Marque and Reprizals, to thofe he fhall deem fitly qualilied, to feize the Ships orVefTels belonging to the Prince againfl whom War is declared, his Vaflals and Subjedls, or any within his Countries and Dominions, and fuch other Ships, Velllis, and Goods as are, or fhall be liable to Confifcation, pur- fuant to Treaties between HisMajefly, and other Princes, States, and Potentates. And, I y like Direaions of the King in Coun- cil, the Lord High-Admiral's Advocate in the Court of Admi- ralty prepares, for his Royal Approbation, Inllrudlions to Com- manders of Merchant Ships to whom fuch Letters of Marque, or Reprizals fliall be granted, the Subilance of which Inftrudions are as follows, viz. I. They are empowered to feize all Ships of War, and other inftruaionstt Vcflcls whatfoever, as alfo the Goods, Merchandizes, Vaf- '** comman- fals, and Subjects of the Prince, or State againfl whom War ihlpfo/mr! fhall be declared ; as alfo all other Ships and VefTels that may have contraband Goods on board ; but to take care that not any Hoitilities be commmitted, nor Prize taken, c z within Relating t» Ltlttrs af Marqnt, or Rtfrit,als. I I 'A \'\ > : 1; ,1! r R E F A C £. within the Harbours of Princes and States in Amity with his Majelly, or in Rivers, or Roads within the reach of their Cannon. 1. To bring fuch Prizes as they take cither to fome part of this Kingdom, or to carry them to any of his Majefty's fo- reign Colonies and Plantations, where ^here are Courts of Admiralty, as it may be moll convenient tor them, in order to their being legally adjudged. And here it may not be improper to obferve, that there is no other Appeal from the faid Courts of Admiralty abroad, with relation to Prizes, than to a Committee of his Majelly's moil honourable Pri^ vy Council, particularly appointed to hear and determine tnerein. 3. They are to produce before the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, or the Judges of the Admiralty Courts in the foreign Governments, three or four of the principal Per- fons who belonged to the Prize, that fo they may oe exa- mined, and fworn, touching the Interell and Property of fuch Ships, Goods, and Merchandizes ; as alfo to deliver to the Judge all Papers found on board fuch Prize, and to pro- duce fome Perlbn who can make Oath that thofe Papers were aftually found on board at the time of Capture. 4. To take care that not any thmg belonging to the Prize be embezzeled, before Judginent be given in the High Court of Admiralty, or by the Courts abroad, that the faid Ship, Goods, and Merchandizes are lawful Prize ; and not to kill any Perfon belonging to fuch Ship in cold Blood, or to treat them otherwife than according to cullom in fuch cafes. S- They are forbid to attempt, or to do any thing againil the true meaning of any Article , Articles, 1 reaty, or Treaties depending between the Crown of Great Britain and its Al- lies, or againll the Sul^eds of fuch Allies. 6. It is declared lawful for the Captors, after Condemnation, to fell, or difpofe of fuch Prizes, with the Goods, and Mer- chandizes on board them, fuch only excepted as by Atl of Parliament ought to be depofited for Exportation. 7. They are required to aid and aflill any Ship orVeflel of his Majelly's Subjects that may be attacked by the Enemy. 8. Such Perfons who Ihall ferve on board Merchant Ships with Commilfions of Marque or Reprisals, are in nD wife to be reputed, or challenged as Offenders againll the Laws of the Land. 9. The Merchants or others, before their taking out fuch Commiflions, are to deliver in Writing, under their Hands, to the Lord High- Admiral, or Commiilioners for executing that Office, or the Lieutenant, or Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, an Account of the Name and Burthen of the Ship, with the Captain and Owner's Names, her Number of Guns, and Men, and for how long time Ihe isVitlualled. 10. The ■•#■ '11. R R F A C E. 10. The Commanders of fuch Ships are to hold a conftant Cor- rcfpondence with the Secretary of the Admiralty, and to ffive an Account of the Deligns or Motions of the Enemy's Ships, as far as they can difcovcr, or be informed thereof, as alfo of their Merchant Ships and Veflels , and whether bound, either out, or home. 11. They are rellrained from wearing the King's Colours, com- monly called the Union Jack, and Pendant ; but, befidcs the Colours born by Merchant Ships, they are allowed to wear a Pendant, together with a red Jack, with the Union jack defcribed in a Canton at the upper Corner thereof next the Staft". II. They are required, upon due 'notice given them, to ob- ferve all fuch other Orders and Inllrudions as his Majelly iliall think fit to dire(Jt. 13. It is alfo farther declared, that thofe who violate thefe In- Ihu^ions fliall befeverely punilhed, and be obliged to make full Reparation to Perfons injured. 14. Before Letters of Marque, or Reprizals are ilRied, it is re- quired that Bail be given in the High Court of Admiralty, before the Judge thereof, in the Sum of 3000/. if the Ship carries about a hundred and fifty Men, and if a lefler Num- ber 15-00/. to make good any Damages that fliall be done contrary to the Intent, and true Meaning of their Inflruc- tions, and (in cafe the whole of the Prizes is not given to the Captors) to caufe to be paid to his Majeily, or fuch Perfon as fliall be authorized to receive the fame, the full tenth parr of the Prizes, Goods, and Merchandizes, accord- ing as the fame fliall be appraifed, as alfo fuch Cuiloms as Ihall be due to the Crown. When his Majefty in Council hath approved of the aforemen- tioned Draught of Inltrudions, and Commiflions, and that the latter have palFed the Great Seal of the Kingdom, they re re- gilter'd in the High Court of Admiralty, and the Lord High- Ad- miral iflues out warrants to the Judge of the faid Court, to grant Letters of Marque, or Reprizals, in his Majelly's Name, and his own, under the Great Seal of that Court, who annexes thereunto the proper Initrudlions, and takes Bail, as aforefaid. The Lord High- Admiral doth alfo, by his Warrant, will and require the High Court of Admiralty, and the Lieutenant, and Judge of the faid Court, as alfo the Courts of Admiralty abroad, ThiUrdHish. to take Cognizance of, and judicioufly proceed upon all, and po-^Js'th""' all manner of Captures, Seifures, Prizes, and Reprizals of all courts ofAd- Ships and Goods taken from the Enemy, and to adjudge and "l''jj^"> " ""^ condemn all fuch Ships, VelFels, and Goods, whether taken by Ships of War, or thofe which have Letters of Marque or Repri- zals ; as alfo fuch other Ships, V^eflels, or Goods, as may be lia- ble to Confifcation, purfuant to the refpcftive Treaties between his Majelly, and other Princes and States ; and if the Crown doth p R E 1 A C E. 'I ■m 'I } Sh»tn tfPr'i' Ui, vhtn lljt Croxin ^rjnii all IK ihtCap- leu. Vke-Ailml- rah havt no Aulhoniy o- ler Citptams ef shift of jidmirally ^uiijdiclun ol'flriidid a- trond. th doth grant to the CJaptors the whole of the Pii/.cs taken by them, a Dcclaraiion is illuetl, by which the Shares ot the laal Vnjxs is dircrted to be divided as follows, viz. To the Flag-Officer, when there is any fuch con- cerned in iheC'a^nure, ',''' part of the whole, and| to the Captain r ' ; but if there is not any Khig- OlKccrwho hath a Right to a Share, then tne Cap- tain is to have To the Maritime Captain, if any, Lieutenants of the ( ,,h Ship, and Mailer S' ' To the Marine Lieutenants, if any, Boatfwain, (iun-) ncr. Carpenters, Mailers, Mates, CJhirurgeon, and> 4'^ Chaplain ) To the Midlhipmen, Carpenter's Mates, lioatfwain's Mates, Ci'unner's Mates, Corporal, Yeomen of the Sheats, Coxwain, Quarter-Mailer's Mates, Chi- rurgeon's Mates, Yeomen of the Powder Room,' and the Serjeant of the Marines — To the Trumpeters, Quarter- Gunners, Carpenter's Oew, Steward, Cook, Armourer, Steward's Mate Cook's Mate, Gunlmith, Coopers, Swabbers, Or dinary Trumpeters, Barber, Able Seamen, Ordi- nary Seamen, Volunteers by Warrant, and Marine Soldiers, if any, And where there arc no Marine Officers or Soldiers on board, the Officers and Soldiers of Land Companies, if any, have the like yVUowance as is appointed for them, liut in cafe any Officers are abfent at the time of Capture, their Shares are to be call into the lall Article. I have before recited the Powers given to a Vice- Admiral of one of his Majelly's foreign Governments, by which fome of them have been led into an Opinion that they are thereby invert- ed with Authority to command, and controul all things done on the Seas within the limits of the faid Vice-Admiralties, nay even to wear a Union, or Jack Flag (the fame which is born by the Admiral of the Fleet) on board his Majefly's Ships appointed to attend thereon, and to difplace the Officers of iuch Ships, and appoint others in their room: But far are they from having any fuch Authority ; for, by the fame parity of Reafon, any Vice-Admi- ral of a Maritime County in Great Britain (their Powers being alike) may lay a Claim to the exercifing Maritime Jurifdiftion within the limits of his Vice- Admiralty, and of placing, and dif- placing Officers of Ships of War at his pleafure, when they hap- pen to come within his reach. It is but too obvious how much the Jurifdiftion of the Office of High- Admiral hath been infringed and obllruded in his Ma- jelly's foreign Governments and Plantations, by fome who have airumed to themfelvcs an Authority which was never intended « them, '.!;i!!'i I' R E F A C E. tlu'm, and is, indcc*!, inconiillcnt with the Nature of their ()f- tiic, either IS Cjoveiiior orV ice-Admiral; and iliis Httle regard Ihewn to Aiiiiiraky Jiiril'didion h.itli f'requcmlv occalioned no Iniall Dilorder ..'id Cuntulion; lor while the (lovernors endea- vour to wrell the whole Authority to themtelves, the Provincial Juil,";es, uiiiler I'ui-h Unilirai^;e, vciy miieh perplex, it" not intire- Iv over-rule the I'rooeeduigs of the (iouns of Admiralty ; and till ioine eirei.-lual .Methods lliall he taken to rellrain the (Jover- nors herein, ihirc i'. hut liitle hopes of fueh a good I lannony between them, the Comnianders of his Majelly's Ships appoint- ed to attend on their (iovernmenis, and the OlHcers of the (^)urts of Admit ally, as were to be wilhed, and is abfolutely iieeedary 'I'his neing fiid, let us, in the lall Place, take notice of fomc « .'.u. «;/.//,, P.irticulars relating to tlie Laws and ('ulloms of the Sea, as i.,v>a»jc..,. far as the fame do more immediately relate to our own fj^"'"^ '** Country. Fird then. As the Kings of Great Britain have an inherent ' Right in r!ie Perlons' and to the Service of their natural born Subjcds efpecially Mariners, and Seafiring People, fo may thev lonfequently reUrain them from ferving any fo- reign Pri ice or Stale, or by their Royal Proclamation reeal them, wiicn in fuch Vervicr; for lucu Right would he to lit:le inir^Kife, were ii not attended with means to compel; i/.tKintm^y and ilie Lord High-Ailiniral, by virtue of the Authority he "•/'''»"> •"'«- derives from the Cro.vn, may, and doth require the L'om- J/rlm("!h,r manders of our Ships of War to demand fjch Seafiiring Men Pmnis. from foreign Snips, and upon rcfufai, (wliich is a palpable Injury to the Prince v\ hofe Subjects they are) to take them by force. And as this is an undoubted Right of all Mari- time Princes whatfoever, fo hath it been a ('uUom of long Continuance. a. The Right of fearching Ships of a common Friend, and the uarchi»i taking Subjects, or Goods of an Knemy out of them , is a '''"t" "■> " Matter which hath not hitherto been fully determined by "^ZTki » the Law of Nations. The Party in Hodility alledges that, i'rmc, >» for his own Prel'ervation, he hath a Right to leize the Per- "•"• fons and Goods of an Enemy, and that he ought not to be interrupted therein by a Neuter ; whereas , on the other hand, the Neuter iniilts on a Liberty of Trade allowed by the Law of Nations, efpecially in carrying Goods not ufeful in War; and that Liberty would be, indeed, dellroyed, if the Right to vilit were made ufe of for committing Spoil and Rapine. But as the fearching of Ships hath been often stipulated in Treaties, becaufe otherwife it might occafion Diiputes, and even War between Princes; fo is there aNe- ceiliiy for making fuch Provifion, becaufe the Variety of Gales cannot admit of any general Determination by the Law and Confent of Nations. But where there is not any Signi- R E F A C E. m t; III ' ( liiT Shifit of a Neutral Prince may be detaintd. Tranfforting Potvder, 8cc. to Infidels. About Ships re- taken. Signification publiflied by a Prince inV^'ar, rcdraiiiing the Ships of anotlier Prince, or State, their being cmplojcd in the Service of him with whom he is in a(^kial Jlndility, and thereby a Caution given to a Friend, there is no juUVcafon for feizing the Goods, orPerlons found on board Inch Neu- tral Ships, provided they are Freiglitcrs, or Pnilcnccrs, and that the Loading is not Utenfils of W ar, but rlic (Joods of Merchants; for hereby the Pretence of the Snilry of the States being concerned in it is excluded, v^hich Safety is the principal reafon of fuch Search ; and ^' s being lecured, li- berty of Trade hath been mutually permitted by I^',nemies, in regard of the common Benefit accruing therefrom to Mankind ; infomuch that when Perfons or Goods are feized in the manner before-mentioned. Satisfaction ought to be made to the Prince to whom the Perfons fo leizcd are Subjeds. Yet Ships belonging to the Subjects of a Neutral Prince may be detained by another in adual Wa^ if they have Goods on board proper for the Service of that Prince, or State with whom he is in Hollility, in cafe the Malters of fuch Ships produce not PalVes to fliew that they are bound to the Port of an Ally. Nay, it is a received Opinion, that if upon failure of a legal Proof that they do adually belong to the Subjects of that Prince from whole Dominions they fliall pretend to have come, they may, although adually bound to fome Port of an Ally, as aforefaid, be proceeded againft, and condemned as lawful Prize. \. By the Civil, as well as Common Law, the tranfporting of Powder, or Warlike Inftruments to Infidels, is prohibited ; but yet thofe Laws are become void by common Uiage and Pradice ; and although by the Statute of the nth of King Charles the Second, the fupplying Powder, Muskets, ^c. is admitted to be lawful, by way of Merchandize, the Crown may, by virtue of that Statute, prohibit the fame when there Ihall be a jult, and neceflhry occafion fo to do, and if ta- ken, they are by the Law of Nations confifcable : Nay, e- ven by Treaties between one Prince and another, Provilion is made that noWarHke Implements fliall be carried by Neu- trals for the Supply either of one or other who are in actu- al War. r. Admitting that England and Holland were in Confederacy againll France, and a T)utch Ship to have been plundered, and afterwards left by the Fren'^'\ but recovered by fome of the Subjefts of England ^ and forcibly taken from them by thofe of the States-General, and being afterwards brought into fome Port of England, is claimed by a Lord of a Man- nor, in Right of his Royalty, fuch Ship is neither a Per- quifite of Admiralty, nor doth fhe belong to the Lord of the Mannor, but ought to be rellored, upon paying Salvage to Pr E F A C E. niip.ing the mploycd in )fli!ity, and jiill rcafon 1 iuchNeu- LTigcrs, and e (loods of ill'ry of the iafety is the iccurcd, li- ly I*'-ncmies, lercfrom to Is are feized )ught to be leizcd are Prince may bave Goods ce, or State lers of fuch c bound to nion, that if ily belong to )ns they Ihall hi ally bound ;ded againft, nfporting of prohibited ; n Uiage and ith of King luskets, (Sc. , the Crown when there , and if ta- >lc : Nay, e- r, Proviiion ried byNeu- are in adu- To-ich'm^ to the J'crlbns who recovered her, by rhofe who had the Property when fcizcd by the French. 6. Although the \ ice-Admirals of the Maritime Countries of Great Britain have a Power to take into their Pofleflion all Ships and Vcflels dcrelifted, wrecked, or driven upon the Shores within their Diftrids, yet have they not any manner of Right or Interell to detain Prizes brought in by the Ships of War of this Kingdom, or by Ships which have private Com- miilions. And nil Wrecks of the Sea are of the fame Na ture as Strays, Treafure-Trove, and Things found on the ivreZl/ tu Land, which, if no rightful Owner appears to claim !^hcm ^''' ^^' in a Year and a Day, belong to the Crown, or fuch Perfon who derives from it. And here it may be obferved, that ancient Records, beyond Memorj/, recite a Cullom of di- viding Wrecks, and all other Cafualties, taken within the Precinift of Vice- Admirals, as follows, viz. " One Moiety how ivreck: " to the Lord High- Admiral ; and in confideration that ^''^- """ "»- " Vice- Admirals had no Fees for holding their Courts, the J"^ ''""'^■ " other half was divided thus. To the Vice- Admiral, Judge, " and Under-Orticers two Parts, and the other to the Re- " giller and Marflial. Thefe Cafualties were, by order of " the Vice-Admiral, to be appraifed, and fworn to by ho- " nelt Men, and the faid Vice- Admirals to tranfmit to the " Lord High- Admiral an Account thereof at Lady-day and ♦• Michaelmas every Year. 7. Before the Crown was pleafed, as an Encouragement to the Captains, Officers, and Companies of Ships of War, and of Ships with Letters of Marque, to grant the entire Pro- perty of all Prizes to them, and even after fuch Grant, the Method of proceeding to the Condemnation of fuch Prizes ^ , ^;,,^,^ hath been thus. The Captors tranfmit to the Judge of the (//rjw-, ..«./ High Court of Admiralty all Papers found on board them, ""f^""^"^ whereupon the Prortor to the Crown, in the faid Court, hom"Jd a^ takes out Monitions, to call all Perfons pretending Interell >'"»*. in the Ships and Goods, to Ihew Caufe wny the fame fliould not be condemned as lawful Prize ; which being done, the Proprietors, on the other hand, put in their Claim, accord- ing to the regular Courfe, and thereupon, after a full Hear- ing, the Ship is either cleared or condemned, upon Proof legally and judicially made ; and after fuch Adjudgment in the High Court of Admiralty , no Claims can be admitted otherwife than before the Lords of Appeals, who have often heard fuch Cafes, and reverfed the Judgment. But if their Lordfliips decree a Reltitution, and the Claimers to pay the Expences of the Law, they, and not the Court of Admi- ralty, ought to adjudge the fame to be paid. And as to the Trial of Prizes in the JVeft-Ltdies, it was, in the begin- ning of the Reign of King WiUiam>t propofed by Sir Charles Hedges^ then Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, as al- fo by his Majeily's Attorney aftd Solicitor General, tlkt the d Lord R E F A C E. hit i A Priu takin in Port. An Englidi Ship cf War retaken be/ere carried into Port, after two lean in the Enemy's Pof- fejfion. A Merchant ship retaken ty a Ship of War. The reUapng « Ship after jhe is taken. Lord High- Admiral, or Commiffioners of ihe Admiralty, ihould (as they are at this timej be invelted with the like Power in Ire/and, and all the foreign Plantations, as they had in Eriglaud; as alfo that a Claule might be inferted in their Patents, empowering them to give Authority to the refpeftive Vice-Admirals there, or the Judges of thofe Courts, to take Cognizance of Prizes. Belides which , an Article was added to the Inftrudions to the Commanders of Priva- teers, giving them liberty to carry their Prizes to any Place where there (hould be a Court of Admiralty, whereby, and by the Vice- Admirals their taking out Patents under the Great Seal of the High Court of Admiralty, they were fuf- ficiently empowered to condemn Prizes in their refpediive Courts. 8. In cafe a Prize is adually taken in Port, the Captor hath a Right to no more than the Crown, or the Lord Hig'^-Admiral ihall think reafonable, the fame being a Perquifite of Admi- ralty, if the Crown doth not referve it to itielf. 9. If a Ship of the Royal Navy of Greaf Britain happens to be taken by an Enemy, and is retaken by another Britijh Ship of War before (he can be carried into Port, or the E- nemy's Fleet, the Captors have a Right to no other Reward than what the Crown fliall think fit. 10. If a Britijh Ship, or aVeflel of War, happens to be taken by an Enemy, and to be re-taken after me hath been up- wards of two Years in their Poffeflion , there is no legal ' Courfe of returning her into the Service of the Crown, other- wife than by buying her, when condemned, of the Commiffi- oners for Prizes, when fuch a Commiflion is fubfilling, or of the Captors, when the whole is given unto them by the Crown, 11. If a Ship orVeflel, belonging to the Sabjcdts of Great Br i- tairiy is retaken from an Enemy by any of our Ships of War, the Owners ought to pay one eighth part for Salvage, with- out any regard to the time flie was in the Enemy's Poffef- lion, which Salvage, or part thereof, as the Crown hath thought fit, hath been beftowed on thofe who retake the Ship ; but in ftridnefs the whole is a Perquifite of Admi- ralty, when the Crown doth not referve the fame to itfelf. II. If the Captain of a Ship of War of Great Britain feizes any Ship or Veffel of an Enemy, and releafes her after tak- ing out part of her Loading, he is guilty of an high Mifde- meanour, and Breach of Trufl, and may be punifhed for the fame in the Court of Admiralty, by a Court Martial, or in the Exchequer, and the Offender may be incapacited, finedj or imprifoned : Nay the Punifhment may be Death at a Cour. Martial, or if tryed by a Commiffion oi Oyer and Term* iier^ according to the fixteenth Paragraph of the Statute of the thirteenth of King Charles the Second, But as to the Trial in the Exchequer, it muft be by Information, where the 4 At ■■h 'A p R E F A C E. the Offender incurs the Penalty of foo/. togcthrr with tlic Lofs of his Share, according to the Privateer Acl, Yet if • a Ship is taken f;om an Enemy, and Ihe fhal! appear to be fo diiabled by the Captors, as tliat they fliall have no. hopes of bringing her into Port, Jhe may be jullifiabiy ran- Ibmed. 13. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports hath no Right to ;• :.■ loii^r ./ Wrecks, if chafed on ihorc within his Jurifdiction by Ships ^'|^ 'l^^'^^ 'f of War, or Privateers; nor hath he a Power cxclufive to ;„V//IiT» the Lord High- Admiral in the 'Downs, or any other Place, '''«i'. Scc which is elleemed the ufual Rendezvous, Road, Harbour, or Station of Ships of the Royal Navy ; not but that he hath Admiralty Jurifdidion within the Limits of the Cinque Ports ; but how far thofe Limits extend hath not been decided, though often difputed. And although there be a concurring Jurifdidion, yet the Lord Warden may have an cxclufive Right to wrecked Goods taken up \\'ithin the Limits of the aforefaid Ports : Rut if fuch Goods happen to be taken up by Officers under the Lord High- Admiral, the Lord War- den ought to fue for them in the High Court of Admiralty. And when any Droits are feized by the Officers of the Cinque Ports within their Limits, and happen afterwards to be wrefted from them by the Officers of the Admiralty, or Ships of War, they ought to be rettored to the Officers of the Cinque Ports ; but by no means is it proper for the Lord High* Admiral to order Commanders of Ships of War to affift in the Execution of the Warrants of the Lord Warden , be- caufe it derogates from his own Authority and Jurifdidion. 14. If an Enemy's Ship is chafed by a Britijh Ship of War, -^ supjink- and ftrikes to her, but happens to be taken ana poflefled '"i'lt%^"f by any Ship of War belongmg to a Prince or State in AUi- /. -ir, im U- ance with his Majefty, which lies fairly in the way, and fuch ''^'^ 'j/"'' '^ Prize is brought into any Port of Great Britain^ a Warrant "" ' '■'' ihould iflue out of the High Court of Admiralty to arrell her at ^he Suit of the Crown ; but if Ihe is carried into HeUand, or any Place in Alliance with his Majefty, the Com- miffioners for Prizes (when fuch a Commiflion is fubfifting) fhould have notice of it, and they, and the Captors, pro- fecute for the Ki.jg's, and their own Intereft therein, before the Admiralty, where the Prize is carry 'd in. 15. When a Difpute happens between a Vice-Admiral of one ni/.-.tr ir. of the Maritime Counties of this Kingdom, and a Lord of 'l,;,!^-^^/ ; 'J a Mannor relating to Wrecks, a Suit ought to be commenced /<,/a, ."^ Jj 1, in the High Court of Admiralty, in order to condemn the Mwnorabo,^ Goods as a Perquifite of the Lord High- Admiral, which "^ '*''"' will obUge the Lord of the Mannor to produce bis Title ; and the Lord High-Admiral's Prodor is the proper Perfon to concern himfelf in, and manage that ASm. Frgiiiimen I (J. If during War a Vefiel be fitted out as a Privateer in an !*'■'""£ "« Ejiemy's Dominions, and is manned v/ith Engtijk Men, ''^^'^ ''" dx with nntr ■/ An m-j. R E F A C E. liii. II Letters of M,ir:tr;e, cr Kepnziil, gr.imcd in time of Peace. Perf^T:! fcrv- !n« in Ships umler the Commiffion ff the liiie King J. lines /» dt- fftil the Peo- ple of Eng. land. A Verfon ln.'i- fi iy accident upon falmin^. A l\'ifon con- demned b-j a Court Martial for Mutiny, for Crimes committed in remote Paris. Huxv .Marire Offtars and Soldicrt may be. tried for ] Crimit torn' mitted. with a Commiirion from the Enemy, fuch Perfons, if ta- ken, ought to be punilhed as Traitors, but if no Commil- fion can be produced, their Crime will be adjudged Pi- racy. 17. Letters of Marque, or Reprizals (which are as effeftual as any others) have been often granted in time of fettled Peace, and are allowed by the Law of Nations ; for as they do not depend on the Civil Law, fo whenfoever a Prince, or any of his Subjects have received Damage from another Prince, or from his Subjefts, and latisfartion having been demand- ed, the lame hach been refufed , or unreaTonably delayed, fuch Letters of Marque or Reprizals may be granted, with- out Violation of the Treaties fublilling between fuch two Princes. 18. In the Year 1691, the then Attorney and Solicitor Gene- ral declared it to be their Opinions, that any Perfons, Sub- jefts of England, who fliould take Commiflions under the late King James^ to feize any Ships or Veirels belonging to Englijh Subjeds, and, by virtue thereof, fliould plunder and rob them, and commit Outrages as Pirates, they might be proceeded againft according to the Statute of the twenty eighth of H. 8. Ch. ly. by Commiflion under the Great Seal, to be direfted to the Lord High-Admiral, or his Lieu- tenant, or Deputy, and fuch others as ihould be named therein. They alio conceive^^ the fame to be Treafon with- in the Statute of the twenty fifth of Ed. 3. as being an ac- tual levying War againft the Crown of Englu?id, and the Offence to be the fame as if Perfons, by Commiflion of the like Nature, had landed in England^ and committed open Hoftilities upon the Subjefts thereof, 19. If any one belonging to a Merchant Ship, coming under the Stern of a Ship of War to falute, happens, by firing a Shot into her, to kill any Perfon, he is to be tried at an Admi- ralty Seflions, but in the mean time may be admitted to Bail. 10. If a Court Martial condemns any Perfon for Mutiny, the faid Court hath Power to award Execution, even in the nar- row Seas ; but if they fubmit the Time and Place to the Lord High-Admiral, his Pleafure ought to be fignified there- in. And if a Court Martial awards a Fine to the uie of the Cheft at Chathaniy theTruftees being thereby invelled with it, the fame cannot be remitted. Likewile if a Court Mar- tial gives Sentence of Death in the narrow Seas for a Crime committed in remote Parts , although the Intention of the Aft be to prevent hafty Executions, yet, if the Commander in Chief gives Orders for its being done, the purpole of the Statute is anfwered. XI. As to the Regimented Maritime Officers ^nd Soldiers, they cannot, for O&nces committed on Ihore, be punilhed by a Court Martial of Sea Officer*, although they receive their Commif- X' x\ •Si p R E F A C E. ms, if ta- Commif- idged Pi- ffeftual as led Peace, ley do not :e, or any er Prince, I demand- y delayed, ited, with- fuch two itor Gene- fons, Sub- under the longing to >lunder and ' might be the twenty the Great Df his Lieu- be named eafon with- eing an ac- Jt and the (Ron of the Qitted open g under the ring a Shot It an Admi- tdmitted to Lidiers, they milhed by a Iceive their Commif- 4 Commillions from, and are under the immediate dire(5ti- ons of the Lord High-Admiral ; but they may be tried and punifhed by a \\ arrant from the Crown, directed to their chief Officer, or any otb.cr appointed by fuch Warrant, ac- cording to the Articles of War for L.and Soldiers ; and for Otfences at Sea, they may be tried at a Court Martial, as Sea Officers and Mariners are. iz. By ihe Ad for regulating the Navy, or Ships of War, a Per- nfferun fon deferting from a Ship whereunto he belongs, may be f'"*? I'^imi- tried for the faid Otlcnce, although the Ship from which he ^'^^ ' '''' fo deferred be paid oli' and difcharged ; for the Aft doth not make any Diltindion, or limit the Jurifdiftion given by it. And as there are feverer Punilhments in the atbrelaid Ad . than what are ordained in the Sea Laws, which are prin- cipally for the Government of Merchant Ships, fo without fuch a particular Ad, Offenders of this kind might efcape unpuniihed. 33 The Number of Officers of which a Court Martial is to ^"'"^"-cf confift is not limited by the Ad, in Cafes which are not ca- ^£,1"'^ ^coun f)ital ; but in capital Cafes fuch Court fhould not confill of Maruai. efs than five Captains. X4. If Perfons fcrving at Sea are fentenced to Death by a Court rht fardon- Martial, and the Crown fliall afterwards extend Pardon to "^ "^ ^'"f"" them, a Court Martial may be fummoned, where the Cri- TclZT'Lj. minals pleading the faid Pardon, the Court may decree them "«'• to be difcharged ; but this hath been frequently done in a general Pardon, or a particular one under the Great Seal, or under the Royal Signet and Sign Manual. ay. A Court Martial, held accordmg to the Statute of King a court Mar- Charles the Second, hath Power to incapacitate, in Cafes ""' w? >««- where the manner of Punifliment is not expreflly and pofi- ff//'"" °^* lively direded by the faid Ad, but left to the Difcretion of the Court ; and Officers fo incapslcited ought not to be employed again without Diredions from the Crown. 16, Any Perfon in the Service of the Crown who Ihall give P""jf''»">i Me Intelligence of the Enemy's Fleet, or any Foreigner do- {j,;X ""''" ing the fame, may be profecuted as a Spy by a Court Mar- tial ; and a Native, not in the Service, may be articled a- gainft in the Court of Admiralty, and be fined and im- prifoned, 17. No Prifoner at War is fubjed to any Adion for what he a pri/oner u doth by virtue of the Commiflion of that Prince whofe Sub- "'"'■• je6l he is. x8. In cafe a Perfon belonging to one Ship is accidentally APirfonat- killed on firing Guns, as a Salute, from another, and the Wi- ['t"!"^. dow of the Perfon fo flain , after Trial at an Admiralty i'„^ of Gum. Seflions, defigns to profecute elfewhere for Damages, it ought to be in her own Name, by way of a Civil Adion : But the Maritime and Civil Laws will , in fuch cafe, allow Damages I h if' I i] li 11 i:!:[ 'it ■ .lit ■ » li'* M T/je Mjjler of cantiot be tri- ed by " Court Martiai. A Vrifonerfor High Irttifjn. jIn Allien in the Court of Admiralty »- ^.unft a Sea .officer. Refcuers ofdt- jertmg Si*- tnen. A Prize taken by a Capiain of a Privaiier viho niters hit Ship. Treafonailt Wirdt fptkea *t Sea. How Pirates ir Rebbers are tried at home. Pirates Goods are Perquifites ef the Admi- ralty. Pirates may be tried a- broad. Pr E F A C E. Damages againll thofe through whofe Negle(?l or Care- lefnefs the Accident happened ; and if it cannot be fixed on particular Perfons who are relponliblc, the Mailer and the Sliip will be liable. 10. The iVlaller of a Merchant Ship hired by Charter Party to carry publick Provifions, or Stores, cannot, for breach thereof, be tried at a Court Martial, becaufe he is not in aftual Service or Pay in the Fleet as a Ship of War. 30. A Prifoner againll whom a Bill is found for High Treafon, for Crimes committed on the Seas, cannot be admitted to bail. 31. If an Aftion, either Civil or Maritime, be commenced a- gainll any Sea-Officer in the High Court of Admiralty, and egives in ball, it ought not to interrupt his going to Sea. 31. Tnofe who refcue deferting Seamen, ought for their Of- fence to be tried at an Admiralty SelHons, Information up- on Oath being firll made ; and they may be committed by Warrant from the Court of Admiralty. 33. If a Mailer of a Merchant Ship takes out a Letter of Marque, and, being in foreign Parts, meets with a Ship more fit for his purpofe, and with her takes feveral Prizes by vir- tue of the faid Letter of Marque, thofe Prizes will, upon Trial, be condemned as Perquifites of the Admiralty, but fome Allowance be made to the Captor for his Service. 34. If any Perfon belonging to a Ship of War fpeak on board fuch Ship treafonable Words againll the Government, they may be tried and punilhed by a Court Martial, for offend- ing againll the nineteenth Article of the Statute of King Charles the Second. 3f. When Piracies, or Robberies are committed on the Seas, and the Offenders are taken, they are tried at an Admiralty Sellions, by a CommilTion of Oyer and Terminer under the Great Seal, at which Trials fome of the Judges of the Com- mon Law aflill; and if the Lord Hi^h- Admiral, or the Commilfioners for executing that Office, are prefent in Court, he, or they prefide, otherwife the Judge of the High Court of Admuralty, who, in cither Cafe, gives Sen- tence. 36. All Ships and Goods taken from Pirates are Perquifites be- longing to the Lord High- Admiral, in cafe the Crown doth not rrferve them to itfelf, whofe Advocate and Proftor ought to proceed againfi them in the Court of Admiralty, and obtain Sentence for Condemnation. ij. If Pirates are taken abroad, and carried to any of his Majefty's Foreign Governments, they may be properly and legally tried by the Admiralty Courts there, by virtue of a Commiffion under the Great Seal empowering the proper Officers of fuch Courts to do the fame. 4 38. » p R E F A C E. 38. If a Merchant Ship, after her being taken, and legally con- demned as good Prize, be bought by the Subjeds of ano- ther Prince, Ihe is not feizable by the Law of Nations ; or if 1'eiz.ed, Ihc ought to be rellorcd to the Purchafers ; but if Ihe fliall not be condemned, thofe who buy fuch Ship have no Right to her. 39. If Vciftls be taken by Pirates, Sea-Rovers, or others who have not lawful Commilfions, they can have no jufl Property in them; and if retaken, they ought to be re- ilored to their Owners, upon due Proof of their Title to them. 40. If the Lord High-Admiral fufpedts that any Ship belong- ing to his Majelty's Subjeds is going on an unjultiriable De- lieath of k\c- xandcr the Great. p. 96 c HA P. xr. Of the Naval IVars of the Giccians from the Death 0/ Alexander the Great, to the Reduifion Chap. XV. Of the Naval Wan of the Eoglifti, from the firji known Times «/ Britain, to the Norman Conqueft. p. 31* Chap. XVI. Of the Naval Tran/aHions of the Bngliflij from the Norman Con^ quejiy to the end of^een Mary I. P- 3*9 Chap. XVII. Of the Naval TranfaEiions of the Englifli, during the Reign of ^een Elizabeth. P- 34I' Chap. XVIII. Of the Naval Tranfaitions of the Englifli, from the beginning of the Reign of King James I. to the breaking out ofthefirft Dutch War in 1651. p. 368 Chap. XIX. Of the Naval TranfaEiions of the Englifh, from the breaking out of the firfl Dutch War in i65'x, to the Revolution in 1688. p. 380 BOOK IV. Containing an Account of the Naval Tranfadions of the Engl'tjh from the Revolution in 1688, to the Peace of Ryfwkk in the Year 1^97. C H A p. I. The ^Proceedings of the Englifli Fleet upon the Preparations made in HoJIaad, till the Trince ofOnngcais landing in England, p. 407 Chap, ;i> !■; M m' m m^ \\l J- I'l.i'ii Con TENTS. Chap. II. Atkniral HcrbertV engaging a ftcoch SfuaJrov on the Coaft 6f\x^-. land, with an Account of vjhat happened in that Kh/^dom, and of Admiral RuflcllV carrying ilje^een j the CliantI, 'irith tin Account of the Jttciiipt made on Bicft , and other French 'To'-sjus. p 4<;5r C M A p. XIV. All A'c.nnt of Adiniral "u'Lli'.r 'Proccrdinga iiiih the fleet in the Mediterranean, to the 'Time of his Return to Eiigland. p. 5-04 C H A I'. XV. An Aronnt of Sir George Rookc's />?ccceding -j:ith n Squadron of Ship- as far as the J^ay of Ciuiiz, and of his Return to Eng- land, p. 5^24 Chap. XVI. Attempts made by John Lord licrl^clcy on feveral of the Frencli Kings Torts. p. ^z6 C H a p. XVII. Captain Robert V/iln-ior/Zv;/' '■ji.'ith a Sqvadron of Ships and Land Forces to //;' ;: |f!:, I' BOOK V. Containing an Account of the Naval Tranfidions of the Englijhy from the Year 1698, to the Year 17 12. \yy.\m-f. 11 . 1 Chap. I. Rear- Admiral BenbowV 'Proceedings in the Weft- Indies. ? 57S Chap. II. Vice-Admiral ky\mcr fent with a Squadron to ?^^ Mediterranean ; Captain Andrew Leake, and, after him. Captain Stafford Fair- born to Newfoundland, and Captain Thomas Warren to Mada- gafcar, to treat with the Tirates there. p- 581 Chap. III. An Account of Sir George RookeV Proceedings in the Baltick, for reconciling the Kings of Denmark and Sweden. p. y8a Chap. IV. An Account of Sir George RookeV ^Proceedings "j^jith the Fleet in and about the Chanel, and the Naval 'Preparations of the French. P- 585• C h a p. V. Vice-Admiral Bcnbow'j ^Proceedings in the Wcft-Indics, and par- ticularly of his engaging a Squadron of French Ships in thofe TartSy till the time of his 'Death, when the Command devolved on Rear- Admiral Whctftone. p. 5-5)0 Chap. VI. Ah Account of Sir William WhetftoneV, Captain Hovcndcn Wal- kerV, and Vice-Admiral Graydon'j 'Proceedings m the Weft- Indies p. J99 Chap. \1 ^1 Cqnteuts. v/i;/(rj to and \l Mitchel /';/ p. 564 >;, and before ■n-ith Obfer- <({ijl's England sIVar. p. 569 ifiidions of car 1712. :iics. P-^7^ [cdirerraucan ; Stafford Fair- rcn to Mada- p.581 ie Baltick, for p. 58a nth the Fleet 'at ions of the p. 585- ics, and par- Inps in thofc mud devolved p.f90 ■u % *.»; ■* 1 .1 # I I Chap. Vlf. 716^ £ Chap. XL Captain John LcakeV Troceedingi "with a Sqt. dron of Ships at Newfoundland. p. 6i\. Chap. XII. An Account of what was done by Captain Bazil Beaumont whil^ at the Head of a Squadron employ" d againji the French Ships at Dunkirk. p. 63^ Chap. XIII. A Relation of Sir George RookeV ^Proceedings with the Fleet in. and about the Chapel. p. c^o Chap. XIV. An Account of Sir Cloudefly ShoveH'j 'Proceedings with a confi- derable part of the Epgjiih an4 Putch Fleet in the Mediterra- nean. . p. 646 Chap. XV. What 'Damages were done by the violent Storm in the Tear lyo^ ; and of Rear-Admiral Beaumont before Dunkirk and Oftend! p. 656 Chap. XVI. An Account of Sir George Rooke'j carrying to Lisbon the Arch- 'Duke o/Auftria; and of his Proceedings afterwards to, and engaging the Frencji fleet in the Me4iccrranean. p 66^ ovcndcn Wal- /// the Weft- P- 599 Chap. Chap. XVIL An Account of Sir ]ohn LcakeV relieving Gibraltar, and deftrqying fiver al French Ships. p. 681 f Chap. I I ; m 11*''' II ■ .'V' 1'; ii I i I 'I H'\ - f : ■ "I O N T E N T S. Chap. XVIII. Sir Cloudefly ShovcllV Proceedings in the Mediterranean, "Jt^hen appointed joint Admiral of the Fleet v:ith the Earl of Peter- borow and Monmouth ; the Landing the King ' John Jcmiiiij»s his ^Praccediuf^s while he commanded in //;<» Me- diterranean till the ('effation of Aims : /Is aljb his carrying the Emperor from Barcelona to Vado, and the F.mprejs to (jciioa. The 'People of Barcelona declare IVar ai^ainff Philip, and after they are con/trained to/itAmit, are inhumanly treated. His earryini^ the 'Duke and 'OucheJ's of Savoy to their Kingdom a/" Sicily. IVi(h (I Comparifon between our Naval LoJ's and that of the French during this fVar, ^'7^y n A COM- :i!'l W^ ,1 \t\ II ' 1 1 0/' Dunkirk, iff ) 0/ Dunkirk p. 7«^» i\ ;^ / a Squadron ■•i; p. 790 ■1 • ',1|S; ■ :«^ d in the Mc- ''i^ carrymg the Kicnoa. The id aftir they His larryinj^ om (?/■ Sicily. ' that of the V79y A COM IMF. AT H I S T O RY Ot the moll Komarkabic TRANSACTIONS at SEA. B O K I. Containing a general Account of thole People who have flourilhed at Sea in all Ages. A COM- c: 11 A I-. I. Of the Oy/ii^tM of Ntr'tgation^ atnlhiventton of Shipping, T is highly probable that in few Centuries after the ^ Creation rhe Continent of the Earth, if not the I (lands, was as univcrlally inhabited as now ir is ; and that the Deluge occafioncd no confldcrablc Altera- n, fi.ft r/t tion in the Terraqueous Globe; but that its Land, of ''"iixm^- Seas, and Rivers were, iii a very great Meaiiire, the '""" lame as ac this time. This Suppofition being allowed, it will not 1)0 uiircalbnable to conjedurc that. In the carlleft Ages of the World, ilic Ulcof linall Embarcaiions, liich as Boars, and other Vcirds Ut- HtiortiLtrit i.{'(T;uy for palling Rivers, was known to Mankind, fiwx vi^ithout 'h*- B then> :i ' I' I; I ill, 41. '■' I i,l ml J < I. Ilo.lli Ihilhti, (I ilioiii II WdiiM not liivi- Im'ch ]M|]il)lo Inr \\u- I'ollulry ol .'/,/. irn u, I.., ml;itiii,n- liaVC l.lKcll I'o'Idlioll ol lIlC tlllku'llt I'.lll'. (i| lllc I'l.lllll uliull (int| th,Wo,ii |i:i(| iilloticil t()i tliiii il.ilm.iii<)ii. H'lli.ii Kimwlul^^c liiiil not hicii iiciidaiy liir iMiryiiiji; dii iliis \\\v.\\ Difij'u ol I'mvulciiic, t lie in hiihili'ii^jil' ;!'. h'.df'tlu .mil wc vvtii' lo liij'|ioli', \sill» llic I It.iilniiv, ill, II i,'if IVopli' ot' C.uh Coillitiy wvw y//>o) i\!^tiirx, and proiliKol oi|( III ilic ((•vn.il Soils wluiciii tlicy ilwili'il, wc i.iiiiiot UMlniubly iiiiiii'iiic lliiy uiiiM loii}; (oiKiinu' ij^iioMiit o| joinc Maicii.il'. pio \k:y to w.ili iIkmh oh ilioW.iioi, liiUi as Moats ol' Hiiliu's, W«»o(|, or ilif; lil'i'. lo ilic I'll' orwlmii llicy luiill needs li.i\c l)ii:ii jnoii iiidiudl, liy oli!(.i VIII.' ihc (^ii.iliiy ol ilicW.iiii- in hciinij', up iliiii!'s (, ill. II il II w.i, lo I'.nly l.lioWn, II Would III liili(ii II riMccil Ai'cs li.i\r Ikcii iiii|>i.)\ i d lo liuli l'< ilci'lmii, .r, ili.ii llu ull orMuikiiul iiii;dil li.ivr Ih'cii .l-i well al)lc lo l)iiild ( ip.u ions Vellels, nid Innii- llnnililves iluulii lioni pciilliiii)',, its Nn.i/> .ilid III'' l.imily : loi llio' M.iu''. Adv.iiii.cs III Know K'd)',(' iiM- iiliially attained l)y an e(|ii.illy ^',iadiial I'm^icl fion ; yci iinloieleen Anidenis do oruniiiiits riye Kile to an lii- vdiiion wliiili the .Siiuly ol many Aj'.rs would not have aiiived lo. 'Mie Inlialiii.inis ol yV///r;//y tlic Sj'.im.n ds ^ were loiiiid to have the Kiiowledi',c o| liu h a N.ivif'.mon as is ahovc «lcleiil)cd, in lin.ill Ho.iis:, Ol Canoos, in the IV1anai;eiiirnr whereol ihey were even more ilcxtrons than i\\c /'.mbpraiir Willi the Ulc ol ihcic iliey had prohahly hecn a(i|iiainted lome ihoiiland V'e.ir.; hiii ilicy were no lels liirpri/.ed at the Sipjit ol' the .\'/',/////A Ships, and ns loially ij;noiani ol the Striidlnrc ol liuli p,re.ii Modies, as wc may re.ilunahly l)elievc the Colli cinporarics ni Nott/i were with relj)e('l lo his Ark. Ill I'rotils ol 'riiue the W'ukediuls III Men |',i(W to liich a I lei|.dir, that the Divine VVildoiii iIhmi^'Jii lii lo dellioy ilieiii from the I'.ue of the l'',aitli ; only /\!fi,i/> hem}; a )iill M.in, perluM in Ins (jcncra- lion, and U'.ilkmt', uiih (lod, loiind (iraie in ni . Tiyes, and received his Diredlioiis lor hiuldiii}', an Ark ol (/w/'Aiv Wood, v>'> Caihits loni';, V' Ciihits liioad, .mil i< i Cnhiis hn'h, lor ihe Keiipiioii and Seiiiiiiy ol himlelf and l.imily, with thole ( irainres which were ordained lo live, when iheW.iieis Ihoiild pn v.iil upon the Marlh ,„r,„u.'ii .,,1,1 I *' 'I""* iniinediaie Iiiu iporiimn ol (ioil then aie we lo atinhiilc the im!',, I U lilt li (i<'il liail not Ikvii tiut", the in lie I li.itlii'iis nd pioilinol 1)1 iiMl(iii.il)ly la(cii.il'> pio ullifs VV(M»(I, s li.i\c l>cni It belling up )! OtiKI V.lll Ml lirloi I" t Ik' |'jV( II I liricol w.r, In Lilly I iiiipi')V( il to liivc lucii as Iclvis I Inn In Ill's Adv.llKCS kIiI.iI i'llu, oiii I lie lacc liis (iciicia- iiid rcicival (' )' > Cubits -((pi ion and wimb were III I be I'lartb ailiibtitc the vidcncc tliolc id the Perlc- cr tbe Mood, It in prai'licc icr, in order lein lor llieir II a bniulr(-d . IIS I be I'.arili 111 purtieii lar, Cmap.il dl Sea in all /lii^^cs. 3 lar, lliat to tbe Sons oi 'Juphrth were allotted the lllcs ol ilic (Irii Ni'imi ///(■r ; by wbiili aie meant not only llie (.'ontiiient ol I'.iirof'r, tbe Noiiluin I'ails ol /f//l/, and ////*'i'<''^' •ind liotn,it$ Aiitliois were niiai.i|naii>ted witb tbe Writings of Mofh^ we need not wonder at tlieir akribin^', that llonoiir to tbole who were l)iii lni[)rovers ol it ; bowever, we iiay Iroin tbcnee iealotial)ly ioiieliule iliat i\\v /h.^yfitiitiix did indeed make (onfidcrable Diliovc- iies tbeiein. 'Iluir Sitiiaiion was as advantai'.ions as polbbly ir (oiild be lor tbe Advanieinent oltliis Know led^'c, tor all tbe Isalleni Shores of their Country were walbed by tbe Ked Sea, and tbe Nor- lliein by the Mr,lili->rtiih',iit l(ix, who reii'iied in /'X r/'^ with her lliisli.ind f>>//>7.r, aboiir the V'ear of the World jj i", and alierwards eiif'.roded a eonfiderable Part of theWorlbip ol the 7V/i,v/// World under the difierent Names of ///>, Oy/jt-Ir, aui\ ('rtrx, amoiij» other bcr Inventions is laid to have (irll rati^hr the I Me of Sails She was tlioii|.',lit ;'.il!), Ill a peculiar manner, lo prefide over rhe Sea, wheiiie It beiaine a Ciidoin liir (iieb as bad been laved iVoin Sliip- wieek, to have the Cimiinllaiucs of their Adventure lepreliiited III a I'ld-liire, ubieb was bunj^ up in her Temple, as an Aekiiowledg nient of their ()blip,arion to her lor their Dcliveiame; in like in;^M ner as is praiUiled ai this Hay in Popilb Conntries ar the Shrines of their Tutelary Samrs. 'Itititiix lays tbe Stirui, a People of aiiiienr (irnnaiiy, wot (hipped her in the I'orm of a Sbij>: And as there arc now in ilie Hands of the Curious, /li^yptiiin iVlcdals llruik by the I'liipcior 7////,/// ihe Apollafe, wherein Ihe is placed in a Ship, lo are iheic alio Icveral figures where Ihc is reprelented wiih one in lier Hand. 77///V tells us tbe full Ship which was leen in Ci'/rrr/' was ihat in whulrA///////.i came thither liom ./'.if v/7, beloic which iiiiic, l.iys he, only Hoais were tiled, invented by Kiiij', /'tyf/o/ix Miwuy, the lllands of the Red Sea. To tbele mi}>,lu be .ulded many 11 X oiher f.iiilin $in- I . /f y lit /\: r.yi'lUin. Ihl. SiiCvi. I'.lli.lii'i. I'iyilii.i«. I ;• m. Of People who have fiotinjhed Hook I. Scfoflti' ■ 1 k (kc. 1 1 v| H'Ao *«(/,/ 1 ■1 [ ■ ('(iiiflanti- 1 ' I , ll')|>lc, •> Slivci, ' Tntioly 1)1 H^ili.uy, if •' <'.iiili.i);r, ' llilrita. , i .. • « ( adir . 1 M 1 1 ' jliiil ili/iuvtr ilie Cadilcri jlci, or Itn y^H.7 All.ll.llC (uiAn. I'ml'InyKi ly i'liaruiili Nc- co. fiil)r,(ll,ii. otlicr Authorities, Inir tliiis imich will liidicc t(» (hew that Hcnthcn Writers have ^ivcii t(i ihc/f.<^yf>liaux the Honour of this Invention. iJtit rho' then- Situation was ci|ually coDiniochntis (or navigatinj; l)oth to the I'.ad ami Wed, yei ihey Iccin to liavc Ijccii more par- ticularly intent on the (i)rincr, and made J'reciueiit Voyages to the Soiuhein C'oalls oC /tnihta, 'I'rt Jut, liidnt, ami dhiiia^ as well on .iteoiint otVVars as '1 railick, eli)ctially atter the fanious Kxpcilition iA' Srfo(hif, one oC iJuir Knv^s *, to thole Countries, who with a numerous Aiiny rcijutetl the In hind Parts to his ()l)cdicncc, while Ins Meet liom the Ktd Sl.i, loiifilliii}.', ot ahout 4^j Ships, (iibdued the inaiitiine Coafls. Thcle Peoph, tlic //,ij v/V/r/;/.r, were vviiiini* probably to rcfigu tlic-Wenern Sj.ivii',aiioii to the "I'hwHiii^nix, who, by real()n of their Ncigh!)ouiho(i(l and liiterci>i>rfc with tiiein, imitated and at length (at exceeded them in this Art. The ''Vhwuictans were the fir(\ who attempted to tail by Nigiit, and applied the Knowledge of the Stars to N.tvigation, which they iinpr«)ved to the tairyiiig on a vallTiadc to (.jrccccy and other Parts of the lliooprait a*; well ^% African fide of the Mediterranean. Their capital Cities ^yyt: and Sidon^ were lor n)any Ages the mofl noiirilhing I'.niporiutns oi /Id'i. It was to Colonies of the former that ' Byz,antium., the Grecian '' Ibebei^ ' LcptU, ' Uyrja^ and ' Vficaj owed their Foundations. Thc(c People were (Ij hardy as to venture out on the Atlatttk Ocean, where they built ' Ciades^ mailc levcral Settlements along the Wc- (Icrn Coall ot'SPam^ and (ailed as far as the CaJJ'itcriaes Iflands, whither, after their (irft Dilcovery, they made frequent Voyages for Lead and Tin ; which they carried into t\\c Mediterranean ^ and gained immenlc Riches by thole ulcful Commodities. By the Caffi- ferides, mod learned Men arc of Opinion were undcrflood, in thole Times of remote Antiquity, our Ihttiflt Iflands, or at leaft as much of them as was known ; which 'tis (iippolcd were the Iflands of JV/Z/y, and Wcflcrn Parts of Ilny^tatid, as Cornivally l^evonjhire^ and Somcrji'tjhtrc, where thole Metals arc in Inch great Plenty. When the 'Phauicians had once adventured out of the Meaiter- raneauy they, not content with their Dilcoveries in Europe., (ailed Ibuthward in the /It Unite Ocean, along the Shores of y^/f<7, and built (cvcral Towns on that Coafl. Their Reputation for maritime Af?airs induced (cvcral Princes of other Nations to employ them in their Service : They were of great Ulc to the /JJfyrian and 'Perjian Emperors in their Naval Wars with (ireece, and other Countries ; 9.vu\ Herodotus tells us, that A/^^, and at length exceeded ir. It continued in this Prolperity till the Time oi Ale- xander the (Ireaty who, after a Siege of levcn Months, utterly de- ftroyed it, and lold 30000 of its Inhabitants into Slavery. TJicre is no tloubt to be made that the "PhmHtctaHs had a confi- derablc Sea Force, as hath been alledgcd ; otherwilc they could not have cftablilhcd the leveral Colonies we are aflured they did, and have dilpofTelfcd the Inhabitants of thole IMaces they cholc to Icttlc ill : IJut the firfl Naval Armament we read of in Hiftory, is that of the Ajlyriavs under their (^uecn SeMtramis. That Princcis being engaged in an Expedition lor adding India to her Empire, cauled to be built in Hatlriana^ an Inland Province of her Dominions, two thoiiland VcfTcIs with bra/.cn Beaks, which were formed in ftich man- ner as to be carried in Parts Over-land by Camels to rlw River Indw, where they were to be joined together and made ulc of. Though this licet was thus innnerous, wc cannot conceive any great Idea of its force, the Vtirds of which it confiftcd being doubtlels but verjr Ihiall, fiiice they were carried Overland in the manner bcfbrc-rticn- tioncd. The King oi Itidirt, to oppolc rlicic Preparations, had got- ten together upon the lamcRiVer 4oooVcfrcls, tbrmed of a kiadof Reed which grew there in great Plenty. Thele numerous Fleets came at length to an Flngagemcnr, wherein thCvV/?>r/<*«J' obtainctl theVi- ilory, finking a thouland Of the other's Velfcls ; Init pafiing the River, they were brought to a Ihtlcl alhore, wherein they received a total !)cleat from the Indian King, and Semirami^ was obliged to return precipitately uuo her own Dominions. But wc mull not omit. Tyrnn., o-** OMI'ytc Jt iv Ntbuchid- tic/.tar ; iinrl New Tyre ^> Alcxiiidci. An'yii.iiis fiifl made Naval /trmamenli. Sciniijiuis mva,les lliiliil. Hir Naval} ViHory . lUii Itattn at Laiiii, rtlirtt. m \i mi '"•144 'T I f V I 1 I 1 fi A 3. By (Af 'irecks. 7/)((r Naval Armammti. Argonauts. Tarteffus. 4. By tht Cretans. the Catians, vc. and Cydades. Plants CcU- nits. His Nival lUtltts. 5. B> /yt'Ly- dians, or. rclafgi. Tliracianj. Rhodians. Of People who have flottrifljed Book I. omit, for the Honour of the Tlxriiiciaiis, that they were of the Number (and probably the grearcft part) of thole who were em ployed on board Stmir/wiis's Fleet, the rclt being Sytiaus, ^l^.^yp- tiansy Cyp,ioti^ and Ciltcians, with other the maritime Inhabitants of /JJia Mitior, as far as the Hcllcjpont. C II .\ P III. Of the Greeks hi general ^ mid thofe among them and the ne'i^bhomnig Natmis^ who held the Dommmi of the Seay accoidnig to I'ul'cbius'j Catalogue, FRO M /Egypt and Thaiiicia the Greeks learned the LcfTons of Navigation, and challenged to themiclvcs the Honour of fe- vcral Improvements therein. They Icem to have applied themlclves more to the making it tcrviccable in War thanTranick, or voyaging to didant Countries to make Dilcoverics, and confined their r*>^vi- gation to the Mediterranean Sea ; out of which we do not read they lo much as once ventured before the Time of CoUus the Sa- mian, 600 Years after the Expedition of the /Irgonauts, and then no farther than to Tartejl'tis, at the Mouth of the River ^or/zj-, the modern Guadalquivir, where St. Lucar now Hands. In the early Ages of Greece the maritime People of it, and thofc of the neighbouring Iflands in the Mgean Sea, together with the Carians and "Phoenicians, praililcd Piracy, and committed Depre- dations on that Sea and the adjacent Coads; till Minos, King of Crete, fitted out a coufiderable Fleet, with which he fbon reduced them. This Prince became lb confiderablc as to make himfclf ab- fblutely Maftcr of the Grecian Sea, that is, that part of the Aigean which is between Crete and Gracia propria, reducing to his Obe- dience chc Iflands Cyclades fituare therein, planting Colonics in them under the Condudt of his Sons , dilpoftcfllng their piratical and tem^-^orary Inhabitants, and keeping a conftant Force cruifmg againft the Rovers, for the liife Conveyance of his Revenues arifmg from thofc Iflands to Crete. He is faid to be the firfl who fought a Naval Battel, (in the Mediterranean it mufl be meant) and is f)Iaccd at the Head of Eufebim'% Catalogue of thofe who were ce- ebrated for their Dominion at Sea; whom we fhall here mention in the orde.' that Author has tranfmitted them to us. The Cretans, under the SuccefTors of Minos, maintained the Re- putation at Sea which that Prince had acquired for about 175- Years; when the Lydiaus, or Maonians, a People of yl^a Minor, became celebrated for their Naval Dominion, and continued fo for about no Years. To them fuccecded the Telafgi, a People of Greece, whofe Credit lafled 85 Years. After them the Thracians ruled ac Sea for 89 Years, whofe SuccefTors in that Power were the Rho- dians, with whom it remained, according to our Author, 13 Years. 4 Next I I B OOK Chap. II r. at Sca in aUJf^es. crc of the were cni- //, Aij^yp- Inhabicants n and the m of the c LelTons of )iiour of fc- 1 thcmi'clves or voyaging I their Navi- do not read Uus the Sa- 'j, and then xBatiSy the ir, and thofc ler with the lifted Dcprc- fw, King of boo reduced : himlcif ab- f the yEgean to his Obc- Colonics in icir piratical irce cruifing cnues arifing who fought leant) and is ho were ce- licrc mention Lined the Re- tt 1 7^ Years; lf»or, became |fo for about of Greece, tans ruled at pre the Rho- I X3 Years. Next Next to thclc aic placed the Thnxififts, who had Doiniiiioii of ''''/iHin. the Sea '., Years, about the Time of Lycurj^Hs, and were luci ceded by the Cypriots, wlin held it zv They arc Iblloueil by tlic Thte- cyptintt. ukiaiii ;' but as Eufebms inentions not how loiii^ they were pow- phuBmcunj. criiil at Sea, li) was it, in luy Opinion, wilcly oinittiil ; lor as they were remarkable a L',rear w liilc bclorc any in this I.ill inentioncJ, !m do they^loleive a much hi;^licr I'l.ice in it, '\\\^^ /V.^yptiuiis, continues the Author, poncdtd ilic Seas under /igyptmij, their Mugs 'Pfiimmts and Boichoruy who rcij^ncd a hiric before the IieL;inning of the Olympiads. '1 hcic were luccccdcd by the Mile- Milcfian!, fidiis, rhl* People of Militits, a confidcrablc dry of Jouia ; the Tinie of whole Superiority is hkcwile omitted : But Stcphamts de Vrhtbiis lays, the City oi' N alter at is in h'.'^yft was built by them //./WNiucr*- when they were Mailers of the Sca, which was ahnut rhe'limc of"' Rovmlits. A Colony of that People alio lounded Stmfe \\\ 'Pa- t,id imope. fblngoula, upon the f!uxi/;e Sea, whiwii became a City of great Trade, and, as Strabo lays had the ablblutc Domiiuon of that Sca as far as the Cyancan Illamls, that is, to the Mouth of the Thru- ciait liojpborns, or inner Srrcights of Qoiijlant'tmple ^ where thole Illands he. The Carians^ a People of Afta Minor., arc the next who arc here Carijns. celebrated for their Sea Dominion ; after whom the People of Lesbos, an Ifland of \.\\zAi^ean, obtained the lupremc Power, which LdLuns they held for 69 Years ; and were luccecded in it by the Thocteans^ Photajans, the Inhabitants oVPhocaa, a City oi Aiotis, about the Time of the Babylonijh Captivity, with whom it continued 44 Years. A Colo- ny of theirs, in the Time of Tarquinius Prifcust came into the Mouth of the Tyber, entered into Amity with the Romans, and thence went into Gaul and built Maffilia, the modern Marfeilles. ii„it MiaWn, The People o( Naxos, one of the CjcLr^fs Illands, next obtained Njxuns. the Dominion of the Sca, which they poiiclTcd 10 Years at the time Cambj/es was King of 'Pcrfia, when it fell to the Inhabitants of Eretria, a City of the \f\M\^ Enboeay and with them remained lir^trLmj. 7 Years. The lad in this Account of Eufebitis are the People of Mgina, iTginetjns. ; an Ifland in the Gulf between Athens znAPeloponnefiis, whole Na- val Power lafted lo Years, till Darius, the Succeltor of Cambyjesy fcnt his EmbalTadors to demand Earth and Water of the Cities of Greece, at which time the JEgtnetans fubmittcd to his Authority. Wc arc not however to llippole that they were not after this Ma- ilers of a Sea Force ; for wc find that in following Times, by rea- Ibn thereof, and their Neighbourhood to the Athenians, they became Aihenianj, lb obnoxious to thole People, that they cut off the Thumbs of all tht\r crutiiy. luch as they took Prifoncrs, to dilablc them for ftirther Service at Sca. A barbarous Cruelty ! which thd" committed under the fpe- cions Pretence of the fublick Profit, is by TuUy, in his Book of Offices, '■ji- here in be handles that \ubje6l, very jujlly condemned. But of thcfe things more at large, when we Ihall come to treat of the Grecian Affairs in particular, which will furnifli out a coufide- rable Part of the cnfuing Hiltory. Chap. I' ^'r f I 4^' «'■'>■; I.' f'tll I;! 8 Of People who have flourijlml Book I. Chap. IV. Of the Navigations and Naval Power of the Hebrews un- der David and Solomon. Sjxi^atun if the Jews. I-l(e!! of Da- \ A <().'./ ^olo- iiion. rorinthians. loiiians. S.imuns. il'oly crates viJc port.) >i;)U' d:flcftd. Hii ■^e;iihl.rc (.C'hftderit' y ■liif) Hiiain. WE arc not to imagine that the Naval Dominion of the People in the foregoing Catalogue was lb extenfive as to reach ail over the Medi^erra/iean : for, on the contrary, excepting that of the Cypiots, "Pho-'nicians, and Mgyftians^ we have realon to be- lieve it reach'd not farther than in and about the Aigcan Sea ; for during the time that their Succcflfion to each other takes up, we are afliir'd there were other Nations more confiderable at Sea, both in Number and Strength of Ships, than 'tis probable mod of the fcrcmcntion'd were. About the time the Tela/gi arc celebrated for their Superiority, we read ot the great Fleets of 'David and Solo- mou, which, under the Condudl of the 'Phtentciaiis, carried on in the Mediterranean^ from the Port of "Jofpa^ the Trade to Tarjhijh for thoic Princes, as they did likewilc in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to Ophir. Alfb between the Time that the Dominion of the Phocaans and Naxians is placed , we ICi. i from Thtuydides that the Corinthians and lonians were confiderable at Sea, and im- mediately after them Polycrates, Tyrant of Samosy a noted iHand of the Mgean^ was very potent in that Sea, and reduced feveral of its Iflands to his Obedience, whom therefore 'tis to be wouder'd EuJ'cbius has omitted in his Account. Of thcfc we fliall take no- tice in the order we have mention'd them. The Scripture gives us an Account of the immenfe Wealth 'Da- vid had amafTcd together for the building of the Temple , who in his Inftrudtions to his Sou Solotnofi, lays he had prepared for that purpoie an hundred thouland Talents of Gold, a tnouiand thoufand Talents of Silver, and of Brafs and Iron without Weight ; and in another Place, he, to induce the People to contribute to the Charge, tells them the particular Ule for which part of it was defigned, viz. three thoufand Talents of the Gold of Ofhir^ and fevcn thouland Talents of refined Silver to overlay the Walls of the Houfcs ; be- fides which he had the Onyx, and all manner of precious Stones in Abundance. Wc cannot icalbnably liippofc all his Wealth was defigned for this End, bur that there was a very confiderable part made ule of to de- fray the neccflary Expences of his Government ; yet Jofephns af fures us that he left behind him more than any Prince of the He bre'-JOSy or of any other Nation ever did; and this appeared from the great Trealiire Solomon, in an unulual Strain of Magnificence, bu- ried with him in his Sepulchre, which on two leveral prefllng E mcrgcncies of the State, was, about 1300 Years afterwards opened, and out of it were taken the firft time 3000 Talents, and the next likewiie a very great Sum. The fame Author tells us of the par ticular Intcrcoiirle ^David had with Hiram, King of Tyre, and 'tis alib B OOK Chap. IV. ot Sea in all Ages. cbrews un- )f the People to reach ail pting that of realon to be- Aigcan Sea; takes up, we at Sea, both nioft ot the celebrated for 'jid and Solo- carricd on in ie to Tarjhijh :a and Indian Dominion of n Thucydides ; Sea, and im- a noted Ifland iced feveral of 5 be wouder'd ihall take no- b Wealth *D^- aple, who in )ared for that and thoufand ight ; and in to the Charge, efigned, vtz. vcn thoufand Houfcs ; be- ecious Stones figned for this ufe of to de- Jofephtis af ;e of the He ared from the nificence, bu- al prefTing E vards opened, and the next s of the par Tyri\ and 'tis alio i € -■S alfo plain from him that he had Ports in the Mediterranean Sea ; ib that we cannot any other way account for his immcnfc Riches, than by concluding that he did, as well as his Son Solomon, lend out his Fleets to Tarjhijh and Ofbir^ to import to him the Wealth h;. tUh. .?, • of thofe Countries. But we need not depend on Conje- nion. "Jofipbiis la)^ 'tis the lame as was in his time caWcdTbe Land '" '" of Gold. Some have thought it to be the Aiirea Cherfonefm of Tto- lemy, the 'Peninfiila of India beyond Ganges of the Moderns. Or- telius tells us, that in Vatablus\ Bible printed by Robert StipbeiiSy 'tis laid to be the Ifland Hif'pauiola in America ; that ToJteUtu, Go- ropius, ^ui\ Arias Mont anus were of Opinion it was the Kingdom of 'Pern ; but it doth not in the leaft appear probable to him that it was any Part oi' America ; for that, belldes the vaft diftance of that Continent from Judaa, we never find it produced Elephants, which it muft have done to have been x\\c Opbir oi Solomon, from whence wc read his Ships brought him Ivory. Indeed his Opinion feems by much the moft likely to be true, who believes it to be the Eaftern Coafl: of Africa, particularly that Part of it which is now called Sfifdla, a Country abounding in Gold Mines, and whofe In- Sofali. habitants are faid by the Tortugucje, who dilcovered it to the Eu- ropeans in thefe latter Ages , to have Chronicles written in their o\\ n Tongue, wherein mention is made of Solomon^ being liipplied every third V'car with Gold from thence. To tonfirin this Conjcdturc oiOrtelius's, may be added what mo- dern Travellers relate of a People of the neighbouring Ifland of Madagafcar , tcrm'd Zajj^e Hibrabim, that is, the Race of A- Madagafcar. brabam, and thofc of a fmall Ifland adjacent called the Ifle of^'- Abrabatfi, that they oblcrvc the Jeivijh Sabbath, and give not on- ly a faint Account of the Creation of the World and Fall of Man, but alio Ionic broken Pafliiges of the facrcd Hiftory concerning Noah and Abraham, Moj'cs and T)avid. Which People diflcring thus in" Religion from the neighbouring Inhabitants on every fide, who are all Pagans are doubtlels the Dclcendants of fome of the Hebrews who cither Icttled there, or fuffcred Shipwreck in the time of this Intcrcourie between Jndtea and thole Countries. Authors do not much more agree in their Sentiments about Tar- And Tar- jhijh, Ibme believing it to be Tarfus in Cilicia, Ibme the City of '^""' Cartbagc, and fome the Mediterranean Sea in general. Others think it was the Tartefus of profane Authors, with which Opinion, in part, concurs that of the learned Monfieur Huet, who fays Tar- fhtj]^ was a general Name for all the Wcftern Coafl: of Africa and Spain, and in particular the Country about the Guadalquivir^ ve- (Vide ante.) ly fertile in Mines of Silver; at the Mouth of which River (the C BatU I' !'■!•' M'!! i !!'■:, ■ I, li : (■ "Hfl I o Of People who have flottrijhed Book I. Bittis of the Ancients) the City oiTarteJfus (lood. But to return fi-om this Digreflion. Solomons Solomon^ according to the fingular Prudence with which he was Hivigaucn etjjjygj ffotn Heaven, improved the advantagious Circumftanccs hi}, Father left hirr in, to the aggrandizing his Kingdom, and incrcafmg the Wealth of ^^s Subjeds. To this purpofe he took care to culti- vate the Friendfliip "David had begun with Hiram , King of Tyre, and gave him twenty Cities in the Land of Galilee. By his Aid and Affiftancc he brought into a regular Order the Sea- Force of which his Father had laid the Foundation, and became very inrenc on purfuing the gainful Voyages to Ophir and Tarjhijh. The Port for the fitS. "^SiSEzionGeber on the Red Sea^ and for the latter Jopfa in the Mediterranean. To * Ezion-Geber the Scripture tells us he went hinifelf, and to Jopfa^ which was almofl in tne Neigh- bourhood oijerufalem, 'tis very probable he did the fame, to give the necefTary Directions for thofc Expeditions, and encourage his Peo- ple by his Prefence and perfonal Concern in the Preparations. From thofe Countries we read they brought him Gold and Silver, with pre- ciofls Stones, Almug- Trees, and Ivory ; and that the Weight of Gold which came to him in one Year on his own Account, bcfides what he had of the Merchants, of the Kings of Arabia, and the Gover- nours of the Country, was 666 Talents. After the Death of this great Prince, the inteflinc Divifions of his Kingdom, which was rent in two, admitted not of any Opportunity for cultivating their Naval Affairs, which from thence forward totally declined, notwithfland- ing the Efforts Jehofaphat, one of Succeffors, made in vain to re- vive them. an A Cmftdt- racj with Hi- ram. His Sea-Ports, Eiion-Geber. » Vide ante- Achanis, and Joppa. The Imports of his Fleets, Jehofaphat. li!' I ■! 1 I' ■ ^ The Saviga- tion o] the Co- linthians. lonians. Polycrate*. C H \ P. V. Of the Corinthians, lonians, Polycrates the Tyrant of Samos, the Perfians, Athenians, Lacedaemonian':, Maf- fiHans, Tyrrhenians, Spinetans, and Carthaginians. w E come next in order to the Corinthians, who, as Thucy- dides tells us, firfl changed the Form of Shipping into the nearcfl to thofe in ufe in his time ; that at Corinth , 'twas re- ported were made the firft Gallies of all Greece ; and that they fur nifhed themfelves with a confiderablc Navy, fcoured the Sea of Pi- rates, and by their Traffick both by Sea and Land mightily cncreafed the Revenue of their City. After this, continues he, the lonians in the times of Cyrus, and of his Son Cambyfes, got together a great Navy, and making War en Cyrusy obtained for a time the Dominion of that Part of the Sea which lieth on their own Coafl. Alfb Tolyerates, who in the time of Cambyfes was Tyrant of Samos, had a flrong Navy, where- with ^ Book I. 1 But to return vhich he was umdaoccs his - _ nd increafing % care to culri- H; .ing of Tyre, s By his Aid . ■'! Sea- Force of ic very inrenc fh. The Port for the latter -,' Scripture tells in the Neigh- ; ■;^ lame, to give - ''- urage his Peo- rations. From ver, with pre- -;■; ^eightof Gold bcfides what ■.'/ id the Gover- . Dcath ol- this ^hich was rent ig their Naval notwithftand- in vain to re- ■■> ? Tyrant of 1 •1; niatr:, Maf- 1 aginians. 10, as 7hHcy- 1 r ping into the A, 'twas re- that they fur- he Sea of Pi- Si tily encreafed )( Cyrus, and making War : Part of the , ■ ■ who in the _.;, ^Javy, where- with ...-- Chap.V. at Sea in all Ages, II liii CtiU.e' Sk:. with he lubdued divers of the Iflands, and among the reft, having wonc Rhetiea, conlecrated the fame to Afollo of ^elos. He was lb confiderable, \vc learn from Herodotm, as to be able to affift Cam- by fes with forty Gallies of three Tire of Oars, towards the Rcdudion of Mgyft-, and at the fame time to keep at home a lufficicnt Force for the fecurity of the Iflands, and sMcrting his Dominion of the Sea. About this time we find the Terjians began to make a great Fi- fiue in Naval Power, as did their Rivals therein the Athenians snd \dcedainon'tans, of whom we fhall defer what wc have to fay till Pcrliiiit Atlieniaii";. l.;H-edx;no •.niliJr,?, M,iifei]!ej WC come to handle the Grecian Sca-Af?air3 at large, wherewith '"•"" rholc of the 'Pcrjians are intermixed. 'Twas in the time of Cyrus that, upon the occafjon of the Suc- ccflcs of HarpagHSy his Lieutenant in Ionia, the Colony of l!*ho- cxans before mentioned left their City, and after feveral Adven- tures fettled near the Mouth of the Rbofne in France, and built '■ MaJJilia. Thefe we are now to confider under the Name of Maf- fil'iuHSy who derived from their Anccflors an Aptitude for Naval- Af- fairs, and in a Ihort time grew confidcrable therein, lb that to reduce the . growing Power of thelc flrangers in thole Seas, the Tyrrhenians and caniiVi^'i- ' C?^^/^^^//^/^?;;^ afTociated themfclvcs, and with a Fleet of one hundred ar.;, c- , and twenty Sail, engiged that of the MaJJllians of not above half die number, ofFof the Iflandof J'«ri/i«/«; who after a long and doubtful Battel, wherein feveral Ships were funk and taken on both fides, were at length forced to yield with the lofs of thirty. This difcouraged them for the prefcnr, but in after times they renewed their ap- plication to Sea Affairs with great diligence, and became a very flou- rifhing and powerful People. They planted feveral Colonies upon the Coafts of Gaul, Italy and Spain, and were amongft the earlieft Euthymenes, who adventured upon long Voyages out oi ^(t Mediterranean, Eu- thymenes having advanced Southward in the Ocean as far as the y£g- nator, and Tytbeas having failed Northward, and made great Dif- pythcas. coveries along the Conll of Europe, both of them Natives of Mcirfeilles. In thefe parts of the Mediterranean had flouriflied for fome Ages the Tyrrhenians, (People of the Modern Tufiany) who from the Tynhcnun?. Dominion they for a long time held therein, impofcd on that part of it which is adjacent to the South and Wefl Coafls oi Italy, the Name of the Tyrrhene Sea. While they were Maflcrs on that fide of Ita- ly, there ruled in the Adriatick tht. People of Spina, (a Town on ^^. the Southerraoft Mouth of the To) wno maintained their Sove- '^'"' *°'' reignty there for many Years, and flourifhing in Wealth conle- crated to Apollo of T>elos the Tenth of their Maritime Revenues, which contributed not a little to the immenfe Riches of that Temple. The Carthaginians were now very confidcrable in Naval Affairs, carthagim- wherein they had been improving themfclves from the very Founda- ans- tion of their City ; following herein the Genius of the Tyrians from whom they defccnded. They, by degrees, made thcmfelves Maftcis Th,ir njvuI not only of all the Northern Coaft o{ Africa^ fiom ^gypt to the c-»^«r//. C z Pillars m ,.,i. V ■ i t\ ► f :| : r : I -'f I'' ' I I ■" I 'fvi 12 Of People who have floitrijhcd Book 1. ,1 I .7 ( 1 , itii.l Ciim iftii tiiftti. lil) % r' Pillars of Ifcrctilcs., and of a i^rcat part of the Wcllcni Vo.\[\ of rh.\t: Contiiiciit, but alio the Iflaiuls i\Ui/y, SarJi/iiti, Carf/ia, Ma- jorca and Minorca^ together with the Kiiigd'tin of Sj>ahi^ ami ar rived at (iicli a dci^rce of Wealth and i*o\ver, as to he ahle for a long tunc to contend with the Romans^ not only for the Dominion of the Sea, hut that of the World Itlelf: The Naval Wars between which IVople, will in the proper place of this Hillory he particularly treated of. The I'oiiiulation of the Carthaginian (ireatnels, was the va(l Coniinerte they carried on to all the parts of the then known World ; to the dilcovery of nuich of which they were very inflrumental, h-iviiiL!; lent out leveral Adventurers on that Errand. 7\/«)' tells us, iliai I laniiOy in the flouriihing times ui'Carthtr^v, (ailed round ///"- rica Winn (.ladcs (i.e. Cadiz) to the end of ^/v/^/V/, and piiblilhed an Accounrof his Voyage, ?l9, Himtlco did of his likewife, who was lent at rhe (aiue time to niake DUcovcries along the Coall of Europe. I'm hll I'.iilrrn 1 '• lli'ii (l.l'll'.'i C'f. Ihrii llrrl.. C II A P. VI. Of i/jc Naval Power of the Romans. TH Fi Romansy as Sir Henry Savil hath ohfervcd in his excel- lent Aiuiotations upon Tacitus^ notwithftauding their City was (o coinmodioudy fituated \ioT Maritime Affairs, being not above fifteen Miles Irom the Tyrrhene Sea, upon a River of a convenient Breadth, yet leem to have wholly negledled all Naval Concerns for lomo hundred \'ears after the Biiildnig of /?ow/'; which is by iijany aldgned as one principal Caule of the continuance of that Stare lo long in Integrity, and Irce from that Corruption, which liuiie Sy- lleuis of Politicks prcteiul is occafionetl by a 'rraliick at Sea, and Iiirercourle with loreigncrs Dui at length having reduced all Italy lo their Oludicnce, and ohllrv iiig that their Coails lay cx|)olcd to the Ocpredations of the Cai fha^ititunsy who held uncontelled the no- minion ol the Sea derived from rjieir Anceflors, they became (enfi- ble ot their l',rior, and (Ictermiiied diligently to apj)ly thcinlelvcs to Naval Aflairs, having before, as '/^o/y^/z/r intoims us, not any Vcl- kls with Decks, or long Ships, or (b much as a PafTiigc Itoat, bur what they borrowed. As for Gallies with five 'lire of Oar.s, lb (cr- viceable m War, tlicy had no manner of Noticm of them, till by aci idciit one of tlnle of the Carthaginians ran afhorc near Rhe- ^nim, in the Streight of Mejf'anay which being fci/.cd by them lerved as a Model to build by. This Work they immediately let about, and the Men they were to employ having never been at Sea, they cauli-d lianks to be cred:cd on the Shore, in the lame order as in the (Jally, and thereon cxcrcilcd them in the ulc of their Oars, how to dip, aiul how to recover them out of the Water. But to lay rriih, the AfTcrtion of 'PotybiiiSy that this was the firfl tirnc tl.cle People adventured lo Sea, can by no nicaus be reconciled with wliat ■H — I Book 1. in t\).»ll of orjiia. Ma- ain-t aiul ar Ic tor a long iiiioii ot tlic wctMi vvliicli ilarly rtcarcd ivas iIjc vad own World; inflriiinciital, '\iny tells us, .•(1 roiiiid Af- iiid piiblillicil ilc, who was ; of Europe. n lis. \ in his cxccl- ng their City :ing not above ■ a convenient Concerns tor :h is by iqany tiiat Stare lo lich l()tnc Sy- ;k at Sea, and need all It^tly cxpolcil to the lied the Do )ecainc lenft- ihcinlclvcs to not any Vel 'a'j^c lioat, bur f Oars, Iblcr- thcin, till by re near Rhc- /,cd by them micdiatcly let r been at Sea, auK order as of their Oars, atcr. But to the firft tirnc xoucilcd with what MIIC il III ■ ;.iilci ; II. ir. ailt ec 1)1:1 I'lKlU'- H'Ui Ch a i>. V I. at Sea in all Jgcs. what is by all the Roman Authors allcdgcd on occafion of the Ta- rcHtntc War loinc Years before, namely that there being an ancient Treaty wiih the T^jrl-f/fiiics^ that the Romans (honid not nai's with tlieir Shi]is beyoiiii the Promontory of ^ Lrfa«/«w ; \hc "Duumvir neverthelels going with a Klect of ten Ship:) to lurvcy the Coalls of Af//i^uu (j'ra'cui, went inti the (luiph of Tarcntum, beyoiid that Promontory ; where tour of the Ships were taken, one lunk, and he hiniii-If Hain by i\\cTarentincs : Kroii. which it is niaiii, that the Romans had uled rhe Sea long before. It is certain, that ni the time of the firll "Puniik War, they were more than onlinardy intent on IVhival Aflairs, and made moll confidcrable Advances theiein ; for'fo- lyhiiis tells us, they in the y'"' Year of that War, fitted onr one hun- clreil (ijlhes wiih five Tire of Oars, and twenty vvith three. Lucius l'loru.1 JMcrealeth the whole mimber to one hundred and fixty, whicii Klccr, lays he, within fixty Days after the Wood was cut down in the Korcll, lodeat Anchor on the Sea: Of fo wonderful dilpatch inufl they bi_ who would be Sovereigns of the World. In the cnii,(iiK'u]. rtii;^i|(liis't St,ititin,it V "» (I'luni I k-cts ul MhiCIIIIIIV ( • .■■il •i! 'S if' .■! ' ''. I. ' I u Of People who have flour'tJJjed Book I. ,n the Euxine had alfo in the Euxine Sea a Fleet of forty Sail, for the Security of the ami Red Sea. CouDttics adjaccp.t thereto, with another of a hyndred and thirty on the Red Sea, for the Proteftion oiAigyft on that fide, and of the Trade to Arabia and India. Bcfide thefe, which remained as the ordinary Defence of th? Empire, Tacitus tells us thdx Augujius font the beai^ed Gallies which were taken at the Battle of A6iium^ and very well t" Frejus in manned, to remain at ^Forumjulii for the Security of the neighbouring Coaft of Gaul: And in fcveral of the Provinces were 'lb the pro- per Gallies of thole Countries. The Emperor Claudius having reduced Britain into the Form of a Roman Province, alfo added the Brie tijh Fleet for the Guard of Britain and the Ifles adjacent ; and not only by Sea, but aHb upon the great Rivers which bounded the Em- pire, fevcral Squadrons were maintained, as the German Squadron upon the Rhine , and thofe of the "Danube and Euphrates upon thole Rivers. i'roveii* J in ///sBtitiQi Scii., and on tie Rhin;;, c-(. HAP. VII. Saval^jf^irs of tin Cil:cian3, Cyprioii, and I'amphylians. (' itreighti 1/ Gibraltar.) TheyalfiflUx- ttiridates. Make Vefirc- Hatiom on the Romans. Their Navy. Of the Cilicians, Veneti cf Gaul, Goths, Saxons, Sara- cens, and Normans. IN the times next preceding the Subverfion of the Roman Com- mon-wealth by Julius Ctsfar, were formidable at Sea the Pi- rates of Ciliciay who being joined by great Numbers of Syrians, Cyjpriots., and Tamphylians, with many of the Inhabitants of Ton- tusy rendered themfelves for a confiderable time Mailers c'i the Ale- diterranean, from Syria to the ' V\^^\%oi Hercules, and defeated feveral Roman Officers wiio were lent againfl: them. In the Wars between the Romans and Mithridatcs King of Von- tus, they efpoulcd the Part of that Prince, (who indeed firft let them to work) and did him important Services. The long Conti- nuance of thole Wars, and the intervening Civil War between Ma- rius and Sylla, gave the Cilicians a favourable Opportunity to in- crealc their Numbers and Strength, which they did not fail to im- prove, and in a ihort time grew fo powerful, that they not only took and robbed all the Roman Ships they met with, but aifb ra- vaged many of the Iflands and maritime Provinces, where they plundered above four hundred Cities, extending their Depredations even to the Mouth of the Tyber, from whence they* took feveral VefTels loaden with Corn. Their Force confifted of above a thou- land Ships, of an excellent Built for Celerity, ftored with all kind of Arms for their Piratical Expeditions, manned with hardy and ex- pert Seamen and Soldiers, and condudted by vigilant and experi- enced Officers ; fo that they were now grown lo confiderable, as it became a Work of great Importance to the Romans to lubdue them, though then almoft arrived at the higheft Pitch of Power their State ever attained to. No lefs a Perlbn than Tomfey was chofea tot Book I. :uriry of the nd thirty on ofthcTradc he ordinary t the beaked id very well leighbouring Mb the pro- ving reduced ied the Brjr nt; and not idcd the Em- aH Squadron fhrates upon Chap. VII. at Sea in allJges. 15 xons, Sara- Roman Com- t Sea the Pi- rs of Syrians^ itants of Ton- rs c'c the Me- and defeated KingoftPo«- ndecd firft (cc le long Conti- between Mor )rtunity to in- loc fail to im- hey not only , but alfo ra- wherc they Depredations j' took feveral ibove a thou- ith all kind of ardy and ex- it and expcri- nfiderable, as <.Hs to lubdue if Power their fv was chofen for for the Redudion of them, with a Coraminion giving him the lu- premc Command of all the Sea within the Pillars of Hercules, and of the Land for fifty Miles from tht Shore, with Power to take what Number of Ships and Troops he tlought fit, and fix thoufand At- ' tick Talents, that is, above a l\1illion of our Money, without Ac- count. Thus, with the AflTiftance of fifteen inferior Admirals, P'>.i'fj rff- whom he dilpoicd with their Squadrons in fcveral proper Stations in f;,"^''!","/ rhc Mediterratteatt, himlcif failing about and giving the nccclTary i"on'^fy. ^ Orders, he in k\\ Months cleared the Sea of the Pirates, to ma- ny thoui'ands of whom he extended Mercy, and afligncd them Ha- bitations in the inland Parts oi'Cilicia. In few Years attcr we find the '' Veneti, a People of ancient Gaul^ Vencti 0/ to be very confiderablc in the Ocean, where they had great Num- ,^'')'||;^r bcrs of Ships, and carried on a Trade: to Britain. Thelc People, ,».,/ 'Jolt as we learn from C^yZrr, exercilcd a Dominion on the Sea that Viimcs i» walhes their Coaft, exadting Tribute of all lUch as navigated therein, 'rt/,/*^]^,^!, / it being an open and tempcltuous Sea, with few Ports of which they v.rct were Maftcrs. They gave Ctefar more trouble to fubdue them than any of the reft of Gaul^ their Naval Force obliging him to build a numerous fnhhtti Fleet of Ships on the Loire, and make a general Levy c*" Seamen from the remoteft Parts of his Government. The Venett, for their Defence, made great Preparations, and by their Aid from Britain and the Northern Coafts of Gaul, got together a Fleet of two hundred and twenty Ships, complcatly manned and furnilhed with all kinds of Arms : i3ut at length coming to an Engagement, they were totally defeated by means of a Stratagem the Romans made ule of, who with Scythes i> Cxht'< fixed to the end of long Poles, cut to pieces their Rigging, and de- ^"^"'"i*'"- prived them of the Ulc of their Sails , whereon they greatly de- pended ; which Vidory was followed by the entire Redudlion of that People to the Power of Cafar. Ill the declining Times of the Roman Empire, the Goths of feve- ^'^< Goths. ral Denominations leaving their Habitations in the North, came down in Swarms to the Roman Frontiers, and at length penetrating them in (cveral Places, got down to the Shores of the mediterra- Their Naval neau, and providing themfelves of Fleets, grew very powerful there, '^"^^ andne- and crofllng over to Africa, polTcficd themlclves of its Coafts on ^" "'"'"'' that Sea, in all Parts whereof they committed great Depredations, and maintain'd long Naval Wars with the Roman Emperors. About the lame times the Cimbri and Saxons, who inhabited the Ue Saxons Country now called Denmark, and the North- Weft Parts of Get- ""^ Cmhn many, employed very numerous Fleets of finall Ships on the Ger- brilnsT)"" mati. Ocean, on which frequently embarked great Multitudes of thofe then barbarous Nations, and made Delcents on the Coafts of F lan- der.; France, and Britain, and committed many Diforders on the ^'"'*^' ^"- interjacent Seas ; till invited by the Inhabitants of the Southern "'"' "" Parts of Britain to aid them againft their Countrymen of the North, at length the greateft Number of them fettled and cftablilhed thena- Iclves there. trc. About 1,1 I ^ ? 'I' ■! '' • 16 Of People who have flottrijhcd i^ooK I. Ihi Sar.uciis with 4 Savul forci t*ki f'yi'tii'i, Kliudcs, vc. Syiicufe, B.irlvuv. ('apui, Genoa, (l„fr,iCin- ihc IdandCandia was given to them as a Reward. They were alio Mafters 'ihrir (Jri^i Situation, anil Nav.il ylj/'airs. :ir Chap. VIU. at Scd in all Ages. 17 MalUrs ol^ 'v/'>7/.r ti)r many Years, and for loinc Aj^cs ciijoyal all tlic Trade to I'-^ypt^ Syrui^ Arabia, 'Pvijia, aiul India ; tlic Com- motlirics of u liidi latter Cbuiitrics were broiylu over land to Aleppo ^\\A '■David f( Its, and thence to Scaiidriooii, and ot'icr Ports ol'.V)/- ria. 'J licy IkhI ion^Wars with the Republick C in'/ioa, their Ri- val irj Nav.i! Power and Commerce ; anil aire- .,„iiiy lliarp Con- (liils gained the Snpeiiority o\ cr them tliey I '• maiutam. The ruulcrn Dilenvery oi the PaHa^c to India roiii..: Africa by the 'i^orttmiirfr-, deprived rciiicc of the Uencfit of its rich Trade, bin it iicvcrtlielcis toiitiiuKs 10 this lime a very llonrilliing RepubHck, is Millrels of a confiderable Naval Force, and is one of the Ihongell Harriers of Chriflendom aj^ainll tlie Power of the Turk. The People of i^ifa in tiij'cauy^ after the Declenfion of the Em- pire, made theinlelvcs Mailers of a Naval Force, and by iii; >ns thereof liibdued Sardinia, took CV/;//;/7((r, Ici/.ed Icveral Po;rs in Sicily, and wirh a I'.leet ol three hundred (iailies retlnccd tin- Klaiids of Majorca^ Miiinrca and 2'vyfa. They refilled the S.ii acru Power very vi ^oroiiT , ., ' in lomc laigageinenrs worlled tliem ; biir haviiij^ been loiip .:t V.i iKC with ihe Cn'iuir/i; they at leiij^tlj ()l)raiiied ihc Super iry, ^ a j^rcat Deleat i;iven them near the llle of Malon/, (-'' t, Li^^/jorn , which the "I'l/aus never re- covered. After the Dilfol iiio.. of :!ie Roman Empire, when Clcuna ercded itfelf into a Rep lick, her Iniiabitaius very iiulullrionlly applied themlclvcsto all^ i .iij^ their Commerce, and increafing their Na- val Force. In a ihorr time they pollelled thcmlclves of the I Hands of 0;;//lr<« and Sardinia, but the i'rt/v/av/j being, then very formida- ble, made a confiderable fland againll tliem. In Syria their Fleet reduced moll of the Maritime Towns to their Obedience ; ami in Spain, whither, as we have before oblcrved, the Saracens had IJMead thcmIcK es, rhcy took Alinoia and 'lorloju, with levcral oilier Sea Ports, as alll) the Illind of y\////c;;T//, with great Slaughter of the Infidels, 'i hey were alio Mailers of Chios, Lesbos, aud many other illaiuls in the ArcbipcLij^o, together with Theodofia (now C'aJJu) in Little Tartary ; by w hich great Acciuifitions they became io confiilerablc as to rival the Venetians in their Trade and Naval i'ower, and maintained long Wars with them on that account, but were at length lorccd to yielil to the liiperior Genius of that Rc- jniblick : And of all their foreign PofTcnions they retain now on- ly the lll.ind oi'Corfica. 'J he Tortiiii^nf/e dilcovcring the Navigation to India by the Cape oi Ciood Hope, as hath been oblcrved, occafion'd the great Decrcale of the Venetian and Qcnoejh Naval Power and Commerce ; the Chanel of the rich India Trade, then the chief Support of thole Commonwealths, being turned ijuitc another way. 1 he 'Porttii^nefe thus becoming the moll confiderable People at Sea, rhcy dilcovcred and took Po(]c(lion of the Illands oi Azores, Madcras, and Cape Verde, with others of Icls Note in the Ocean, cftabliihcd thein- lelvcs in the moll advantagious Places tor Trade all along the Coafl of Africa, and made leveral Scttlemcuts in Arabia, 'Pcrfia, and D India, t •yi'iiis, c-i. I I'tir ailt.rllt ir.ir :<■„/, ////< />.;y. I'l:e i'li',\M ir.li.i .S.ilill na, 1.1' I- / .' j:v'.iiit.i 0-) tiic (.f- I he f 'nuiffi; ii-ilitieil Cdt- I'ci ./«,/ S.ir- llltll.l, i:n,i/li (i/'.Sy. tl.l ■»''l Sp.iin, A'niciM iiiiil 'I'olMl.l, Miiuirca, ( 'lllC)y the \ flK'U.IIIS, Corlicn. I'diiiiSiiclc. I'hiir Kiivi- ([■in, n to the lv.lll liulics. /'"//f/; the '\/i;rc's, M.i- lici.u, ///ft of C.iye VcTiii-, .itiihU'afl. uj' AfruK, Au- lii.i, l'(.'ill.i, IikIii I> ' 'it , 1 I I.I ■I' :* 1 8 0/ People who haze floitrijhcd Book 1. Jttdia, liibduiiig many of the Maritime Proviiucs and entirely re- ducing to their Obedience Icvcral of the Jtidinu lll.inds. They Hkc- nr.v/it,crf. m wile in America peopled theCoart c^i Ih nzil \\\\\\ Colonics of thtir * own, about nine Years after the firft Dillovtry of other parts of that Continent in 1491, by ChrtJhphcrO)tiitnliin, \ilcnocJc^ mthc Service of the King of Spain. From that time arc vvc to date the Naval Power the Kings of Spain were for many Vears Mailers of, the rcilticin;^ of the Coun- tries dilcovcred, planting in them Colonies of Sjuvtiards, and im- proving them by Trade, oWiging that Nation to apply themlcjves to Sea Affairs The Acccflion of the Crown of i'ortiigal, and the Dominions thereto belonging, was a mighty inciealc of the Spanijh Power both by Sea and Land, which happened under 'Philip the t'', and then it was that he, aiming at Univeilal Fuipirc, and knowing the bcft ftcp towards it was the liibduing to his Obedience thole who were niol\ to be (cared at Sea, fitted out that formidable Armada, which Kngltjh Valour, and the Anger of Heaven utterly dcflioyed. Then had lately rilcn up, under the aulpiccs ol' Qijcen Eliza- beth, the Republick of the United I'lovinccs, who made an early Apphcation to Naval Affairs, and, by quick. Ailvanccs, became one of the moft; confiderablc Powers that ever ffouriliicd at Sea. From the \\\n<^o\' Spain, and his then Subjedtsthc 'PorttK^nefc, they took many of the Indian Klands, deftroycd n\ort of then Colonies, and iupplanted them in the bed part of their Trade, and at this time they enjoy the moff cxtenfivc and advantagious Commerce of any Nation of the World, not excepting even iircat Britain itlclf, to which they are well able to be cither aulcful Ally or formidable Knc- my ; and, on account of their Naval Strength, bear almoft as con- fiderablc a Weight in the Balance of Power in Europe as any of the Princes in it. AiiK'iua. Culumlius. Spannril". (iripnai (if ihtir Niivjt I'oivtr, Philip the lii'i Annitilii. Dutch. •ihfif S.ival fi>iCt, tie. ■Ml .1 I ^..l M! C II .\ 1'. IX. Of the Swedes, Danes, Mufcovites, Turks, French a^d l^nglifli. Swedes. T^HERE arc not any People better furniflicd with Materials 1 for Shipping than the S'lvedes, their Country abounding not ihtir s.%vai only with ulcful Timber of all kinds, but with numerous Mines of stores. the |j(,(\ ifQ„ j„ the World, and producing great Quantities of excel- lent Tar and Hemp. In the War that John the r' King o^ Sweden Fieeii, kc. had with 'Dc'wwar*, he is (aid to have maintained a Fleet of Icvcnty large Ships, befidcs Icveral final ones, on Board of which were 18000 Men. The ordinary Naval Strength of that Kingdom is reckon'd to confift of about forty Ships of War, the grcateft number carrying from fifty to one hundred Guns, raoft of which, in rime of Peace, lye "P ,1 11 ■• Book I. I entirely rc- Thcy likc- )iiics of their thcr parts of I'lioe/c, mthc the Kings ot of the Coim- rds, and i in- ly thcnilclvcs ngalf and the f the Spatiijh :r 'Philip the Kinpirc, and his Obedience ut formidable cavcn utterly ^icen El'tza- iiade an early ?, became one ,t Sea. From ?/?•, they took Colonics, and id at this time imcrce of any itain itlclf, to trmidablc Knc- dmoft as cou- tpe as any of Chap. IX. nt Sca in all Ag cs. ^^ "icnch and ith Materials ibounding not rous Mines of ities of exccl- ng of Sweden ct of Icvcnty 1 were 18000 m is reckon'd mber carrying ofl'cacc, lyc up I ai Carcljbooft, a fine Harbour in the Province of ^^'^'''g^ ]]';;^ll','''' v\i\ well fortified. riie Kin^s of -/h/m^r^ arc Matters of a great niinibcr of Kliiuh, d,,,,. and a iaiv;c extent of Country along the Ocean, cli)cci.»lly fiiiLC Ncr- ^^^^ ^^^ c '/v was aiini;)/<«('.r()hrained a ri;',nal Vi ' 'y over the Sivcdijh Fleer, and took their Adniiial rriloncr, '■^" '/« r(i;i.,|:a with his Ship called the Noiijiuh, mounted, as 'lis laid, '^^''' ''^ uirli two Hundred Guns; And it is related, that Chrijlian the ?', upon the Iiidaiiccs of the French King Hciin the i', aid-d the Scots with a Hect of a Hundred Sail, manned with looocj Men, agaiiid the Enji^lijh. The King of 'Dtimark is laid now to have in '''^' ;" '"- tiic Udfon o\'Copt'!ihai^c)i fix and thirty Ships of the I iiic of Mattic, >^ '''^ii^"' rifrccn or fixrceii Frigates eight or reii Firelhip;, and Ionic lionib VelleK, and he cxercilos a Dominion on a pait of the /-ia/nci' Si:s, levying a Toll on ail Merchant Ships that pals into it by the Stif/ffhl of the S'oHftdy which he commands by the Cullle oi L'ro- finncnbiiigh The Naval Forces of thcle two Potentates oVDeumdrk ami J'ccr- /..i/,i»f« «/ ont^ and the liojphorusy arc luch I'orts and Conveniences for Shipping* as it all things had conipir'd to render Conjlantmoplc hap- py, and not only capable of being Mirtrcls ol the tarrh, bur tbr- miilable in all Parrs of the Ocean. Theic Advantages the Turks lor many Years mailc nie of, and were very potent at Sea ; but their ill Succeis a^ainfl the Venetians in the laft Age has very much dccrcalcd their Naval Force ; lb that they have not for many Years pall been able to equip above one hundred Gallies, which together with lomc Ships of War, and the Auxiliaries ixomlripoli , Tunii, and Algier, tho' (compared with that of Ibme other Stare>) it may appear a confidcrablc Number, yet, happily for Chriftcndom, it is in no degicc proportionable to the Power that Empire has by Land, and its natural Advantages to enjoy the like by Sea It was bill in the l.ift Age, under the Miniftry of the great Car- dinal Richelieu^ that France took any Steps toward attaining a con- fidcrablc Power at Sea. Before his time i\\c French arc not alliamed to confcis they had lb few Ships, and thole lb ill equipped, that they were but of very little Importance ; and that they wcic there- fore obliged, with no lels Dilhonour than Expcnce, to borrow or hire Ships of foreign Nations to defend them from their Enemies. To remedy this Dctcdt, thatMiniftcr laid out great Sums of Money for building in Holland fcveral Ships of War, and Ibr clearing ma- ny of the Sea Ports in the Ocean and Mediterranean^ and cicding Naval Magazines. His Condud herein was diligently purliicd by his SuccciTor in the Miniftry,Cardinal Mazarine, but more efpecially by the late French King, who with unwearied Application carried on his Defign of being Mailer of a good Naval Force, and at length obtained it, but not without the Aflillance of a neighbouring Court, lull'd in a liipinc Security by his Artifices ; who, if they would not endeavour to quell the growing Power of lb formidable a Neighbour, at lead lliould not induftrioufly have ftirnilhcd him with Weapons for their own Deftrudlion. Which fallc Step in the Politicks this Nation has more than once had realbn to repent, as will appear in the Se- quel of our Hiflory. And now we are at length come home to Britain^ the Queen of Ifles, and Miftrefs of the Ocean ; for we may juftly pronounce her to be at this time the Podcflbr of a much greater Naval Power than any other Nation does, or ever did enjoy. Of this the Reader will have been already convinced, from the Account o the State of our Navy in the Preface to this Work ; lb that here tncre will not be occafion to fay any thing more, than to take notice of the vaft In- creal'e thereof during the laft Century, which will be \ cry conipicu- ous, if wc compare with the prefent the Naval Force in the times of Queen Elizabeth and King James the Firft. The Merchant- Ships of the Kingdom were then cftcemcd the principal Part of cur maritime Power, of which in the twenty fourth Year of Queen Eli- zabeth were reckoned one hundred and thirty five, many of them of 1 ■^ il! HookI. ^ Chap. IX at Sca in all Ages. 21 icks at the u the Black ponlis, the :iiicnccs tor timplc hap- rh, but tor- tile Turks It Sca ; but s very much many Years ich together poll ^ fnnii, arc>) it may ciulomi it is has by Land, be great Car- aining a con- : not alhamcd quipped, that y wcic there- to borrow or heir Enemies, jms of Money r clearing ma- , and cieding :ly purlued by Tiore efpccially ication carried and at length jouring Court, icy would not a Neighbour, h Weapons for :ks this Nation )car in the Sc- ot" five hundred Tuns each ; and in the beginnine of King James's Rcii»«» 'twas computed there were tour hundred, but thole not ot lb great Burthen. As to the Ships of War belonging to tlic Crown in ilie tune ol the tirrt of thclc Princes, their Number was thirteen, to which eleven were added by the latter, the Names whereof we thai! f-'i^yof^-ng- here let down fiom Si\x I flatter Ralcighy as thinking it not impro- '*"'' per to give place in this Work to a Lill of the Royal Navy of Eug land in thole times of its Minority. They were thelc. J'J^^ ,*;''*• Under ^tecn Elizabeth. The Trititnplh The Elizabcth-Jomsy The It'hitc Bear, The '•Philp and Mary, The Bonadvcuture, The Go/dc'it Lion, The Vi£lcry, The Revenge, The Hope, The MaryRoJe, The 'Dreadnought, The Minion, The Swiftfure. Added by King James the I. The AntbilofCy The Forefight, The Swauow, The Handmaid, The 'Jennety The Bark of Boulogne, The lid, Thv. Achates, The Falcon, The Tiger^ The Bull. From this general View of the People who have ia all Ages been mod confiderable in Naval Ai^airs, and the fevcrai Inlhnces of their Exerciic of a Dominion on the Sca, it will be no improper Tranft- tion to pafs on to the Proof of that Claim the Kings of Britain make to the Dominion of the Britifh Seas ; and preliminary to that, to difcufs the Qijeftion, whether the Sca be capable of private Dominion, and can have particular Proprietors? This Argument hath, to the Honour of our Nation, been long fmce mod accurately handled by that Prodigy of Learning Mr. Selaen, in a ' Treatilc pro- • Mare cuu- felTedly written thereon ; to which there cannot any thing well be """• added. But having in the Penilal of Ibme Papers of the Cottonian Library met with a DilTcrtation on the lame Subje(3;, wherein the Argument is reduced to a narrow Compals, I could not dilpcnfe with my felf from communicating the Subftance of it to the Rea- der, which I IhuU do in the two following Chapters. Chap. r ill I ■ I ' u iiii i|! il hi (■ ' r I 22 Oy ' He pic who have flonnjbi v / W >(>\A ) t Uf t'ln I // # hntllini'iH ' f ll'f ;r.l (. I( A I'. X. ()/ I he l)i inati Dorniiiimi ^ mid i an hauc I'lirl ii iiliit 'I'l n/') nfii \, I'., (.mil my Aiillir)!, Ill iildl lo clcir, tliiil ilicrc iKcdcili iini .my j'if.ii I'.iiir, to illiilli.i ( II . lor fl)(li(|t:s lliiil \\\r jmiicmI I'i.k'Ijcc "t 'liiii': ImiIi l,iiiiii;.iii/('il til' Nolinii Ikkj^I ir* ii., .ind mule il cvi (t'lii liy U'.iy o( I .n*,! ) il iinill \>> .?■ I'-iidwInl^'/d ili.ii in (xniipl ilic f.^lun.in S(M (rum tlic; |iiii((li(',luMi '»( |>io|»ii(.:i.iiy I on! ,, u'niiM li.r. i no oilici ''" '■'/' ■ '' l,(/(t'( ili.iii ilu j'lvmc .1 I iliiiiy if> IVI.iiil' Hid ,it iluii I'li.iiiiK to he (oiik; I'li.iK',, .111(1 ilicicliy icikIm I Ik III iii no luiitr .i ' onillnon ill. Ill til' lillirs o( ill'' S( ,1, the l.iif'tt uli(i(r.| ilcvoiii \\\v l( (■,. Will M loic, allli'/ii^'Ji loin' lliCK .iH who li.iVi .iiit iii|.|i d |m |iio\(: lii.it ' v'ly r.iii ol ill! ,S(.i, .iiid till SlioKs ilitic'l, .in < <|ii,illy |^nn) wIikIi j'.ivrs, not rdiivc lavs, iii.iy (.ivc .my M;iii tin* l.u iioiit (i( ( oiidiiin^', ;iii Aircrriou wIiilIi doili lo iiKviuhly (iil)Vctt tin: vciy rr.iiiic ol litim,iii Sodciy, wlm li (.innot (iilifill willioiii Oulci; nor can llicrc he any Orel' i wIkk Inicrcll . arc c (udoiiiulcd, ami wlicrr ('oinniaiid ami OIx.iIicik c arc led aibiti.iry and tiiidc icrmm'd liel'ii'- I 'iiiiviiic, N/itiO'il, and ^.tvily lo prove tlir, ill' II ( I, inn jiidid.ilil'' li'iin ilr ( k.iiioii W( (ind, liy ink!' hi i!i|' I'looj, ili ii ilic Si.nnp o( Sov r( i!;iiiy \v;us ''7 ('. Ill' I I »;;. llUh ! / I ■; /i ■lliini'il ■ I I I I. ■II, I I: I II I. II I III ■'liy ( (od liiind l( (' I iip'Hi M.in .i( llic lime o( lir, ( 'k uioi; I ,rl (Ii uhihi iMiiii III mil /. ilil'.'r, iiflri iiiir I iikiiii fs, (iiiil III ihriH hiive \i 'I !• l^oiNi/iioii 01 II I hi- !■ ifh (if thr ,\i ti, iiiiildiii I hr l'(i\.:l of thr/h iiiid orvi lliv ('.III III, till, I ovit nil llir lutt ih. And till. \\y> .ilKiwaids Jt(ordin»dy (xcnidd dy divine Oidi IIIIH.I-, noi only over all oilier (.'re iiin. ', .•iidWoil>. nl t(ii',nty \v;u. Kit; I ,vl in ihriN />(/■'!■ ■I of ihr /III , divine Oidi ( Mill, lint .il dl I luce, nl ■| Villi'. Nil, ill III. I Hi, (/ ■\f/ : lull ill.- Ml I Nil Kill'-, I" Willi N.inii v( M i^'.niy iij' |. II II) (ioil' .11 1 didin^', M- III . Sdii , /.'' '.M lll.ll wi oil CiiAP.X. dt Sea in allA^cs. (.111 tiiKf* ilir-.l'ndillc|is dlSdvcrciLinry hryond tlictinic, oi Nii/ini'lt rv( n lioni the fitll liifciilioii nfdod xn j^jvc Man IJuiil'. No riMJ'iii.iMc Man cui fiipivilc that the rule and liijucmc' l'o'\ ci d| I'limes is to he ^',cncr.illy licid an Ulnrpaiioii lontiary to dr.inc InlliiniKni, when he /liall find that n» he rlic lather of Knit's is (iii;'lcd dill hy (idd hiiiilell as the niofl enmieni df his woildiy nil (iiniV. ; for lo (iod (jicalunji; iinio /Ihtalhim, tells liini, 'I Ihtt tuin'\ , Ihiiiilil yn niir ii( liiiii \ niid i)\' Sarfih, 'ihul l\ii:{\' Scveialiy, l)(t',an to he in nir as loon as there Were fiveral IVrlons to liiiiii k veial Intrrclli; lor (crlainly ^'/////'s Sluuif was not propeily ///// /s, .„ not the /■;/' nf /IIj,I\ Shrrp Clin'', lliat wliidi was the laihn's was not III I'lopiiery the Son's, iniieh lefs a Siian};er\ ; for //,/,//• I'-i fivdl Ins latlnr /Ihiaimm': floods liy way of c'iill, who dilpo- Ird o( loiiie other I'airs ilui. <.(, ., hi fl hked him, to the icll ol his („ ("hildrcn Nor were the fsinlmen's (ioo.ls thole of (he Undc ; lor thoiirji //// lived under the Tint ion ol /Ihruli.mi, yet faith thei'ext, /hul\iA .ilfn ■inlu, M;riil ■with Aliialiain /W /''///, /t, ,iiif (.'id Imnlell lodilp,,|<-M,„,h,„|,,v(-, leveral I'arls ol ihe Isarth, , flu- '. 1. 01. 1 (i,iilr>r,l Ihnii ninn.ul iifwii ihr I'.ur of .,11 ih, /•l.nlh^ md '" •'''"' """ild iem,,vc the MaiR Sioiie of his '" \.ii- ilioiii. Id to en. idadi iipdi. d, .dnld,,,,.! the propei Inieien of """'"' ^'•"' •" '""■- I'-'i")-, iliai f aw, vvhnli, as Si l',,„l laitli "■" "'•';""''';"''"■ '''••"• ol Ma:i ai Ins Cuaiion. and was after- i'.. Y'l' pnl.l.d.rd l.y /l/./Vr to the ///,/,•///,•,. eoinni..iid|.s ...ininoii, and anmlnlaiinj., paitunlai Ini. tells, is at •Hue to ,a/e tine, .xpiels ('oiumaiidiurins out d| i he Deialon.e. ""' ,';';"'"';"';"' '''■", "'"'l' ^-.l l>y h.s pi,„uiy and d.vn.e I aw ^ynl.i li.ye dilI,ii(;„i|hM And iheieloie li.u ,• , heir Wools. SiJ.Jur '" '■•"";^ •;" ";•" ••' '''" ""■'n(l..od, as that all M. (ommdi, "'" "• l'<' l-ds ahlu: of eve.y I'ait theieof. ,t .a.nioi he . o,, leived 23 I 'l I ,' I II ■! l.|.^ '■, S.^' 1 1 '. II l", s. i.ljl'M, . I I. ' ■; . r • . ' I I. ' ) 17. I Mil. I iH m 2A, Cicn. id. 1 < III, I I I' 7 . ; I.I)/) il'i- iKie ./)/./ '•■■' //•(■ AllI'M t'.\llS, 1 ' .' /•» vt ll'ilitih Of Pi'oplf who have jloiirijbcd \\ ook 1. (.•oiiixival rhar the W«)r(ls imiiiciliatLly lollnwiii^, U,{vc ^Dawin'mt over till' I'ljhfs of the Scti, llioiilil j;ivc cipiil liucn-n .iiid Piopiiiji) m every r.ut of tlic Se;i lo all Men without Diilindlioii ; loi every Man imill coiilels thai Stealth ami hijuiies done on the Sea, are einuilly as tniuh againd Jiilliee anil ilivinc Precept, as tliole lione upon the I ami; ami therelbre ihole i'rinces whole I'eintoiies hiifder upon any pait ot the Sea, have the lame relation to Jullne :ji\il Onlcr as well on tlie one as on the other, ami may with iijiial Authoiiiy of ilivnie I. aw holil aitii enjoy the Soveuii',niy ol the lame, as of thole 'lenitories ami Countries wimh propcily IkIoiiv; umo theii Crowns; lor the i\e- cept of the ^\■^o{\\^■,'.J>i<■/) u'i//if/) all thiiii^s to he (hue hotnjUs' tiiid in ottJcr, beniv; j',em.ral, eompKhemleih Aiiions to he ilone as vwjl at Sea as on I. ami; w hull u it Ik mi ilie lii|)ieni.' ami l)nhlin.', I'ow ei of Prinet^, cannot iioliiMy he efleilUii. yXnd fiuce that liiierell which Tnne haih ;^iven to Kiiii^s and oilier', ni levual Paii-. ol tlie I'larili is not held uijurions lo dume I. aw, liiuly it cannot In- proved that die Piopiiciy uiikh I'lU'ces claim hy the lilc AiU of J nue in any I'ait of the Sea, is by liie lame Law kis juliiliable; nor is ii to Ik conceived why Uiver. and hdefs ol the Sea Ihould ailiiiit Proprie lary Owners, who lia\e anexelidue Inlcnll boili in the: Slioies, the Pallage, and lilhing within the lame, and all this warranted by di- vine l..i\\, as IS nor litiiy'd ; and yd thai Princes and others may not havi' the like Pinpnety in the Se.is nci^'ji[)oiiiiii;,!_ upon their Territorks. Thus then ihr Dominion ol ihe Sea beini', wan anted by divine Ordinance, it may letni unnecellary, ihoiifji natuial or civil l.aw (honhl a\erthc contrary, to vouchlale them Aniuer. lim yet becaiilc lonu: ha\r emleavcdir'd lomake \.\\cLtiiji' of Niit i(Jiii.,n\ \\k />a) t icul/ir Ltr^ of Nattirc the mam Platlbrin Ironi w hence to batter the Pow^r of Princes on this ()naiter, as liippofini.', it to he naked ami indelui fil'lc ai;aiiill the Siiei)j.;ih ol that l.iw, wliuli (as iliey la\ ) luuli Icli the Sea ami e\eiy part thereof n-.dilli rniily coimiujii to all Men, I lliall in. ike ii appear ili.it, even b) li.e I aw ol Nature, this claim and Hi., hi oi Princes is wiihoiii ;ill damper ol Ix im; torecil. For full, leeiii}^ that which by the Siri'm;ih (f natural Realoii haili been luceelli\ely obleiveil and alleiiieil to by all People, is |)iopeily lernied the I au of Natuie, it can ne\erbe (atisla«'.ldiily |no\cd ili.ir this imaginary I'aiiiy and Conminniiy oi ! Iiiiil's h.ith (ver had ili.a laiy,i' Accept am e ainoni; Mm, as that at .my nine it loiild procure nniverlalConlenr to iM'.eit i'.i/rai;e: l-or '.)efides iliai we have in ill vine Story e\|>relsWoriU lo )iillily ihe eonlraiy, as haih been already lliew 11 ; and that all lucceedinn Hilloiies of J ime generally dilrlaiiii .my [\u\\ /litiin hy, or lonfuled Coiiimiliion ol Power or Pioperlies and that we our lelvcs he ii dikuow'd by the imiveilal PraOlue ol ol oui Tmies, it cannot but give ample Satisladion in tins Pnuii, thai e\eii iliolc Men who are mily i',uideil by the Siiength of lu- imal llealon (as are the Nations ol late dileovei'd m P.uis of die Woild not yet civili/.ed) maintain Severally in Domimnn, and Pro- priety in 'I crritory, Houle and Seed Plots, and even in Rueis ami Seas, as lar as then Power can extend, ami gam ihun thcMalKiy Ami BookI. re '■nuitiiniou ll'iopricty III or every \I.iii .lie ej lijinid, viz<. I'liar Nature at lirll ditl nor dillini;iiHh levtral Inrerells and Piopiieties in I'hin^s crcaied, yet ir followeth not, that [)y Apprc- ,'(','|' ,''!J/;', hiiWion, ()aiij)ation, mutual Agreement, or C'oidlitntion oi" Men, thole rhinos eoiild not be ap,)ropriaied, wliieh hy Nature were at full leli widioiit Owner; aiul that an aci|i»iicd Kight eould not be iMitten by I'line, wliieh was not lettled in the lie|.',iiiiiini.!; lor wc are to eonfidcr that althoiii^h the I, aw ol Nature be ininuitablc, as toiuhin^ iheCieneral, and rliai no I, aw of Man can make tliat law- till wliieh IS prohibited by the Law ol Nature ; yet it lolloweih not that in the i'artifuiar it may not liiller Akeratioii, and that thole iliin!j,s wliKJi are permiiied, or lelt at large by ihar law, may nor by pofiiive Laws and human Conlhtiiiions be relhaincil or aleer tamed, elpecially (iieh as are, in the l.aiik;iiai;e ot the Si liools, lau! lo be 'I urn Matiiiiths nc\^(ith>c ^ qu,v f'oiliitit iitii {'utiiis (juain nlti'tt rx iiiii.ui coiuiilt; that is, negatively ol' the I. aw ol Na- ture, wliieh may on eerrain Aeeouiits, Realoiis, or Oeeadoiis, l)e granted to one I'crlon raiher than another. The Sea then being of this kiiul of things, ( (-^f/d' //irr Ctininm inii. i , I. iiullins (nut) whieh by the Law of Nations belong to no piivate 'l^'^i""! !i- I'erlon, it nuill neeellarily Ibllow, tiut I'riiiccs, by an ae(.|iiir'il Kight ^" * """""■ of Occupation, Conee/iion, or other Titles, may claiiu lome I'aits thereof, as properly lubjet't to then Dominion ol Sovereignty, with- out violating the Law of Nature, or of Nations. Lor (I may add) ^^md nullius ijly td ititioiir uuturtili oiciipautt ionccditui\, t. c. I fiat which has no Owner does, by natural Realon, become the Propriety of him who lirll Icm/cs it, I |)als on therefore to the Civil Law, which though it bind Con- ir,:m tiit ci- Irahrntcs only, that is, Inch as aic Parties ihereuiuo ; and lo wc "''•'•' who dilavow it, arc no way compellable to oblerve it ; yet one of It a Multitude of Quotations arc mnftcred up, to make good tiiis prerendeil Right of lonimon Inierert in all Parts of the Sea alike, winch I em lo dand in iiiM OppMfition to what I have before affcrt- ed, and Willi lome Colour ot Realon, till we confider when and by whom thole Laws weie (nil c(iin|iikd ; lor in thole nines the Ho- ntiin i'anpeiois re|>ulinL; ilienilelves as comnion I'ailier-. ol the w hole World, and that all Nations of that vail Lmpire weie to ihein .is of their llDiilhold and Kainil) ; and AVw/i' her lelf being accordingly termed io>nifiiiiity "I'liDiiiy the i oiiiincn Couniiy, it might very will Hand with Jiillice and Realon, that lellow Citi/cns and Sub- ici'ls Ihoulil partake alike of the Coininotliiies of the Sea, without any Mark of Dillirciue, or lnei|ualiry of Intciell ; bill troin thence to conclude iliat the Linperois tliemleives were utterly ilebarr'd Iroin having I'lopnety in any Part of the Sea, is to ailbrd them lels Power therein than thai threat Lawyer W/;/'c///«.r alloweihio the I'liiiiiMuiiih, l'i.vti>t\ an under OlFicei, whole Words are, <;^Uiit/ivii ijiiod in It i .|H.inivisi). Ion- puhliiOy vfl in wan t xfruwrhniis nofh nm fiat; tamvn ,A'. ''^••"I'luncn.l irctumVra-toyn adhiinidiim rjl, ut /d fairrr /icrat Although"'''"""""' what we iniild on the [iiiblkl; Shoie, or i.i the Sea, may become V. ours. '*. i' il • I' $m 26 Of People who have flonr'ijhcd J^ook I. ILiUlus. I!.uiliolti^ I, I (>.■:,. I (.'..ili: lih. II •■:. 1 i. \\i i III 111. lii- \\u\. K I. (laM. ill- |iiil). N: i;.iiichis <]ii,i iii{'i.i. I'lT 1 tin .!c jiiril.l, i\ It.ii ii>l. .Ill 1. Ill llf en'. |)l- .11 i|iiiii'n I rtr 'liiiiiiii. otirs, yet rlic Occrcc of tlic 'Pttftor mnfl be oI)taiiici! to make it 'iwt'iil to do the lame. So that there remained a dilpolini; I'ow cr ill the 'PrA'toVy and conlcqiicntly a Sovereignty liiperior in the Km pernr ^ whieh Sovereignty upon hcttcr realon niuy ()C elanncd by ablolutc Kini>s anti Princes in their fcveral Seas, than l)y ilie Kinpe Tor.s of Rnnit over the -whole Ocean., as well in rclpedl to the l-'ro rec'iion they a(i<)id to thoic who pals within the l.iniiis of tiicir Comiiiand, as ol their many Years Prekriptioii, wlieicby their Clain\s by leni;th of time a'U iertled and confirmed. And tliercfbre now, when icvcral I'arts of that Empire are devolved to proprie'^ary Lords by jnll and lawful Titles, to j^Ivc nr.twirhflandiiig all Men a com- mon inten 11 in c\ ery Part of the Sea, and to put the Reins of Power xttnc appro- luls, and the "crrirory and nd then Jti- tenacttcrq\ ioiifly cohere f in the Sea :ls'd in a dc- :n to Princes, ■c'l: more laid, Princes make afls of thcii werli after it Power Chap.X. at Sea in allJi^s. '^1 ^^ I #1 Power to impoic Taxes and Tiiburcs, which in juQice thole who are protcded oti;j;Iir to pay towards the Maintenance of their Pro- tedhon, at Icall to .icknnwlcdt.',e a Right of Power or Superiority in the Protcdor ; lo to jiirildidtion is incompatibly rec]iiiritc the Powet of Coercion by Muldf, Coiifilcation, corporal or capital Puniflimcnt, to rcdrain the Noj.',kCt or Breach of liich Laws as arc prclcrihed, the Inllitiition tlicrcor hcin;.; altoi^ethcr vain and friiitlcls, where there waiircrh Aurhori;) to enibrce Oblcrvancc and Execution. Inlbmuch as within this l.ir^c Extent of Sovereignty, even the particular Power (In RifTly by Ibme controverted) of rcftraining the PafTagc i'rof.riiiy oj and Filliing witliin lome Parts of the Sea, upon jull occafioii, is nc- ''•'ll''i'' ccfllirily compri/.ed and included : For fincc the Sea bordering up- on any Country is in the Nature ot a Territory (as hath been bclbrc iliewn) and thni therein Princes by the Civil Law have a Right to iinpolc and eftahliib Laws, not only Enemies oflcring open Vio- lence, bur ali others who ihall refulc Obedience to liich Orders and Conditions as by t!ic ighti'u! Owneis arc realbnably prelcribd, may, by warrant of the Civil Law and Realbn, b- prohibited from pal- fmg within the lame, until they Ihall regularly conform thcmfclvcs. And as for the point of Filhing; whereas Ibmc objcdt tiiat therein a»j,ifFljl>ins not any one can have more Property than another, for that Fiflics in the Sea are as the Birds in the Air, wliich cannot be appatro- nated, by realbn of the I'nccrtainty c.f their PofTeflion, I'Ciiig, as the Law laith, pnperly bis that cntchcfl^ them (Volucri.: piffc/q; 'nil. I. ?.. ilc jure gentium Jinnt cnpicutlvni \j ycr it hatli ;>cen allow 'd to be ^'J'".', j''^''^' warranted by the lame Law, rhat ^// venandi aiicupandiaiie gra- tilt altcititm fviulum ingriditn7\ potcil u domino fundi., Ji is pra- vtdrrit, prahikri nc is ingrcdiatM\ i. cTIv- Owner of any Ground may prohibit the Entry of any Perlbn wbf uou'.! trr; nnon it, in order to fiflr or fowl. And therefore, by the iamr icnon, he who is a proprietary Lord of any bounded Paii: of the Sea, as annexed to his Crown, may lawlully prohibit Stra;i:;..s from entcrirg withiin the Limits of his Command, to t.tkc liicli Filh as arc therein, the Maxim of the Law beinr rhat .^«/f non dif/hunt raiione, n^n dif- fcrunt juris difpnfitiovi \hcrc the Realbn is »!/:: C rue, fhv Smw iCiyiHy III l)i)nini!;;/i oj the WwuWx Sras. H ^ iii«i III AViNd tliii'. iii.idc ir cviilciit tVoin ilu; l.,i\v nuiiic, N.iiiir.tl uiiil Civil, ili.ii ilic Sea IS (.ap.iMc- iif juiv.iK Doiniuioii ; pn) Cecil vvc- iiixi lo lluw rliai ilic Kiiif;, old'/,. tf Ih ifaiii have an cx- tlurivc Pi()|)iicty ol' Doiiiiiiioii m tin: IJiinlli Sia, h'/ili as to tlic '"'■""'"■"" Pallai-c thioiii'li and lilltiiii; uiiliin tlic l;i;ic. lor this tlicrc art. lUtll Dnnillll , "' ,■ 1 /-il'l I 11 , I I ,„ .,j li.e 'u-,!. I" many cvukiii and iihiiIIiI)K' I'looli, .r. iliat im [irivatc «'t- |iul) litk I'l'iIoii ■vliallijcvir, tai: piodiuc belter oi nuire aiiJi)lc cvutcinr ro liipport and convey tlie riji',lii ol his own Inln-nrantc or any oiIki rliiiii', lie cn|nyetli, rliinlluy tan do (in their ( laiin on thishihail whuh may he iiiadi: I'^ood hy many iirelia:.',a!)lc Ai'Miiiunts diawn, I. hroni l*ieleri|>lioii. :.. Iroiii the (.oiiiinoii law ol' this Kealm, !. I'loiii AiKient Heeords ihereiW". 4 JTom AuihenrKk llilloiy ^. Irom I reaiics and Ae!u?f)U'ledi',iiienis olOilKr I'linces, f<. Iioui contifuied PolKlhon and l)ilpf>fiiion. And ; I rout the IlxampK oi Oilier Km).',d()His and States; ixii here lor l>ie\iiy's lake ue lliall retain only iliole Aii.Miniciils that are deiliieed Iroin I'reieiiptioii, re (crriiij; the Reader Ibr the rell to the inreineiiiioned Work ol'Sc/r/e//, who iiaih made iile of tlicin all. All ihar part of the Ocean whieh enviions the Iflaiui "('(//(V// /it If 'lift is known in general hy the name oi' the liriiilh Ocean, winch IS divided accorilmg to the Quarters oi the World, into Ibiir Seas. 1''. On the South is the A'//////' ()i ran, piopeily loc.illeil; pan whereof is that coniiiionly termed the Channel ilownij^ her ween Euji^Utiil and !•> tincv I'lni/.i I'l'til Vlt'i , I tioii. Itll'lll"" "I il.c hi mill It.I.cii 1 '^ On the J'-all is the (.iatnan Ocean, olheiw ile called the NoKh Sea. .v"^ On the North i'^ tliai anciently known hy ihe levcral names ol" ilic HyfH'.tl'utraify "Dcuciikchnian and (uiliilotnaii t)ceaii, now I he Scotch Sea.. Ami .}'"■ On the Well is that aiKiently (ailed the NiryivuiuiK<:.x\\, (in which [ksJnUiiJ) thai pari whereol whuh llows hetwceii /'-«(; tnnd and Ireland-, heiiij.', cominonly called the /////' Sea, and the roll now I wallowed up 111 the gener.i! name ol the ll'cllcru or /It Liuttik Ocean. (.)vcr the lintilhOi:cA\\ the i\in^',s oi I'lny^luitU have hy iinmetnorial I'relcription callciij;eil Soveren;niy : hor (omiiiiii^ ro deduce the I'ltje to it wliich the Saxon Kings, hy their hecomiiig Mailers oi ih(? Country, derived irom the linfaiiix; who on the lioinaus ahamlomng iheir Con(|iiel!, .ig.iin iiiii ol ilmle Sims, oi whom /'./ hert the 1'' who 1 tiled hiinlcll Kin;' <)\ l\iii^t,inU in the Year H.j . piovidc! "1 [](H)h I Chap. XI. /// . Iiuii) tlic I'ix.imi'K litkc vvc Ih.ill rli. lipiK'ii, If uik ol Sf/cic//, l.iiul "I" (/'/(,// iiililh Occ-aii, )il(l, into toiii cmIIciI ; p.irt i[u^\ hrtwccii cA the Notfh tvcial iiaiucs Oce.ui, imw 'lUiUU ()ci:.ui, )ClVVCCIl /'-'«(,' Sea, .mil ihc ijlcrn or /U- i.ii^iind liavc; ■m (ouiiilmi; icir l)Ct()iuiiij.', who oil I he to ih.ii ii..;lii an bi; piovn'. ic; aNohiteaiiil )l uhonj /'.' I he V'cai >f ( . JMOVi'lc' pioviihl hiiiilMfuirha flioii", Navy i'or rho ttiaiiitctiaiuc rlicrcof, .ns /llfifd (hil ihiny oi loiiy \'cmis alter I', l;,n liad \ very (iiimcrniis Meet, u hiih he clivuleil into hvcral m,.,, .S(|ii.ifii(iir, .mil ciiipioyeil to iMiaiil ilic ,S;;as aiiii l((nu' I he Co. ills, alliimiii!', lo hmiKIl the I iilc not only of Kiiii> ol A/zi^'A/ay/, hiii ol all ilu: Kill'.','; of the Klaiids, and <»l the Ocean lyiiij.» roiiiiij ahoiit Hn- tiitn, .r. .i|i|)(.ns hy .m old Cii.iiier ol his amoiij; ilie Paieni Kolls ol' l\,lii'ti)J ihe .|". I'.tliiln'd hiiii)» invadid hy Sinaiir King ol' '■/)r//w,tri; caiilul of I iljclnd, evil V I hue humlicil .ind leii I lul'.s of Land a Sjiip to he hmli, w huh le/voii/.mj.', .11 S.iii,lu:ich, made the ^leatell Navy whiili liadheeil leiii \lllllC. ''iHi.iin (/■•■ Know n III this llle to tiiat tiiiie kiiitfc I he ''Dane took the like care (as did Ins ,Siii(e(h)rs of the iw 't>(iiilh Kaec alter him) to prch-rve the .Seas «it the Kmi'dnin in I heir lonner llllale, without admittmi; any of the Neij.i;lil)oiinng riiiiees ro have any Dominion in any part thereof; .iiui lo they re- mained in ilie lime ol i'.diii'ind the Conlellor, iinril the CoiK|nc(l iiLi'lc by ll'illiitm Diikc ol Norinaiidyy when the lame Rights the Wi preiodiiij; Princes were pollellcil ol devolving to him, |\illed on to i". his Sue( ellors; who liio'lhey wire liir alinojl a (Yntniy ,md .t half l.onis ol hoih Shores i.'cparabic Ap|)eiidani iiiiio the Crown of AV/'^'A///^/, and liy Rciif'iit ami '// liti^hf of the (aid Kiiifi^dom. hor in the iinieor /'.//lUi'/Z/yy ilic i', who held not a loot ofCironiid in Noun, in- i .lu.iul //« dy, ilie Soverei;;iily of the Kiiij^s of l-.n^lund oyer the ii.irrow Sea '" w.is noi only challen^^ed by iniii, bur was alio ai kiiowleilgetl by all oihei Neiglibomiii^ Nations to I)e his due from tunes hcyo/id all Mtmory; as paitunl.nly appe.ireih by the Kecoid of the laid Kini; lid\ \\\\c\\PJ)ilU> the I'.m, tlij French King, lendinj^ lorth cer- I iiiiCiallus .\\\A oilier Ships in aid of the l''lini'm\^s ai.;ainll G'//y Karl ol ll.indcrs, and Marlhal of Niiviurc, nnio /.urkk-^cc, under tlu: Cimiiiijiid of Rryni'f (.it nnhalt;.., a iirnocz-c, ereaiini; hiiii by his Cniniiiiliion Ins Adinnai, and hi, by virtue of Ins laul Comnullion, be^tiiiiiii^ to excrtilc Sovereign Jnrildit'liou in the narrow Sea, then (.tiled, even by the I'lenvh ilu'inlelves, !,ii ui'icr d" I'',;i\i^Lton\ lite Sea i)\ I'jK^landy and in l.utiii. Mure Au^^I'ia' ■, eom|»V»int w .v.s liicrcupon i.kuIc both to the Kin^', (\'i Francv and to the King ofA»;j». I.iiid, .md ceitam ConiiniKionei. or Auditors, as the Record lalleili ill! Ill, were appoiiiu'' .Amlitors rhcleveral Ai-ents of ilivers Nations preleried a Bill of Com- Kni;|j'iul', '"!. pi.iiiii or Kemonnrance (in the hi end) of tliole nines) to the pur- ' '' ' •'" pole Inllowili ',, VI:.:. ' ' ' CoiHiutlir tomotiromuilflUiiinU, OrputiUhi) x\)t iiumlto ofMng- l.uid ,1110 I raiKc, to ICII|C(» t!jf DdHliHifJ) HOIlC tO tDCll ^UllU'ttO l»)» ^i -k i" :l ^l 30 Oj People who have fhitnJbeJ Book 1. Ci ataDiflC'Wn l>.iUl li.t liiii'li A.- • Coke /n r )H c.ll /ii /;» ndwc J'. €^.1 aim Inim m tunc or tl)c Intc pcncr .uio tEiurc, no moft l)Uiul)h» Urmonttiiitc tin* piocuiatojo of the p?clatco aim xio Ijirc, aim or tdc atiir.ii ■il or the Kn^hii; erau, aim or tiic Conumi nltico orcttico aimCoiuns*, ap airo cr iiic ii^ncliaiuo, CT^arniicric;, . ODcnciiLvrrc, Jiihalitant (tiaiigno, .nm orailotiicrolieloncuiBto tl)C LUiiglioni lor KiH-.i-md , aim otlirr CrnttenrtJ fubirS to tOc fam LUiiff or Finjaiiii; a& ItkrU'ifc rdc liiljai itaiito or otljcr (?9ari tiniC Placf07 vi/, (iiiHi.i, (.".if.iloiii.i, Sp.uii, ( iciin.uiy, /cilarut, Hol- land, hi/.ci.iiut, nciiiiiaiL aim Norway, aim llluin) OtIlCl |)(aCC0 orti)c <£nipuci that uiicrrao tijc Uiiujo or Kn-iaiu!, tM> iigiit of tlir fam lAiiianoiu, l)a\)c fiom time to time, uiiirrrof ti)fic io no Q^nnoji al totl)c contiarp, Icrnuipracfabirl^oflffliaii oftlie <&o\)Ci-ciunti» or the I'.ni'.iiili ^cac, aim or the rniaimo fituiite iiitliiii the fame, Unth pou'icr of Omainiiip; antuCftahdllniic Lauio, Statutes, aim piohmutons of atnm, aim of %\m> othcrimre ruiiunjcD than 03erchant 03eii urc to he, aim or talano; ^ecmiti>, aim jji^mu pjoteamii in all Cafeo inhere neto fljail leaime, aim ot JDmcrmg all other thmco ncceflari) foi the niatntaiiitiiQ; or peace, Riuht aim Ctimtp among all niannee or People, ao lueii of other r>o^ mtniono ao their ouui, piiinnij thmiiffh the fam ^tao, ano tfje ^o\)creifl:ii ©uarti thereof; aim alio of taluno all manner of Cog' nfjance m Caiiffjj, ann of doiiid* Rtcht aim Jufficc to rpijjO aim loiu, accominjj to thf fam Laiujs, gtatutce, ©^tnnancejj anu pjol;(l)itton0,nim all other Chines, luhich to the ecccrcffe of ®o\)e. reign lurtooiaion in the placcp afoKfiim map appertain, aim tohcreas - a. dc li aonural of the fam ©ea, neyuteti bp the fam lunjj >' of England, aiiB nil othct aDmiralp oeputeD hi) the fam ttinjy of J'. England, aim hiJJ QncclloJS foinierl)) Eimjs of Eni'.land, haiic hceti in peaceable polfrfflon of the fam SoUfrclgn tiruatD, ttiUh Pouter or JnriBlitaton, aim all the other pouiero liefo?emention"ti, (rr ceptincafe of '*lppeal aim Complaint niaoc of them to their 3)o tiereiijno the l\\\m or I'li-iand m tirranit or luftice, oj roj emi Jimgment) aim efpecialli' of maluiiu Pjohibitiono, Ootiiff Jtifficc, ano tahiiifl: fecuritv of goon l^ehautoiir rroni an inannrr or prO' pie carritinjy Clrmsj on the fain «"ra, oi failiiMv in ^hipo, other Uiife fitteu out aim arnrn than 03erchant fillips ufe to be, aim i\\ all other Cafeo, inhere a a3an majj haiie reafonable caufe of fufpicion toiuarOQ them of piracp, 0} other O3i0tioint\fi. aim u>herea0 the Ci3altcrsJ of ^hivo of the fam limutiom of Kngland, \\\ the abfence of the fam atmnraia, haur been (11 peaceable pof- fellion of talnno Cowm^anre, aim Jimiiunv of aM jfaftfi upon tlir fam ^^rabrtuieen all manner of People, aeriv^vumi \\\ m iaiii0, Statutes, pmhibitionsj, f raiichifro aim ^unum'C. Uim mhcreajj tn the fu(t Clrticie of theCreati' or aiiiaiue, i.utiD maDc betiuecii the fam iuiifis at Pans the inomo follouidio; are Ht noum, vi/. luff or all It is affrecD aim coiiclimrti betuiren m the c^nuopo aim lirieiitci aboDe niention'ti, m the Xvanirsf of the r.im Uinpo , that thej) fljall be to each other roj the tnture, ivooO, true ano faithful irrieimpi aim iailicGi, aiyainft .Ml the il\om frrcept tljr Church of Rome) in ftifh nianiur that if ani' one q\ t«a?e, ttljofocljer then ^ Book 1. cc, Da nioft ;lic(!Danumi Ci9acnncricJ, belonging; to iliica to tOc otijci- fl9ciri '.cilaiul, Hol- pMCCSI Of tI)C lit Of tijr im no cpcmoji <&o\)CiciD;ntii 111 t()C fiiiiir, tdtutcKi, aiiu iiinflicD tl),iii , mm ctvinu ot ©?iicrmg hate, Eio;l)t of OthfC t^Q: Cii0, ano t(je inner of Cog to fpigb aiiQ [)tnance0 anu ctfe of ®o\)c. jcitain. aim • tljcfaitiCunjj fain Lltng of id, ftntic liffii , ttiiil) Pouift cntionti, (rr to their ®a r, 0} fo) c\jtl jciiio; Juntcr, niirr of pco- &fi(ps, other fc to lie, nno able cnifr of ilOUlffC. Jlllll I of Knglaiul, rarcablc Pof- iiifjj upon tlir w [\x ILiUiiP, 'M\Xt u»f)crfi)iJ uiiDc Octuifrii :t HoUJn, vi/. r Cittoopo aim LUngs, tfiat • a no faitiifui ijr Chntzl] ot [jofocUcr tf^fp to, Chap. XI. /^rf i-Vv/ /// ^lUJirCS. bf, fl)all BO about to uitrrrupt, Ijnmrr ui molrft t/je faiD Wmutf in tlir jfrnncbifr:? , tibrrtira. li^nuilruro, Eiijhto oj Cuiloni;) of tlirni, antithrirWtnofDonijj, tl)fi» ftall be ijoon ann fauijftil jfttrntig, aim niuinu aijatnft all i?9cn uwnu, anD rcatn* to Die, to urfcnti, hrcp M\\s niniiitatn tOc abour nicntion'o jFMiicljifrs, tibcriirio, EiffOto aimcuftanio, I'^i- anb that tOr one fl)all not be o:couii= fri, no2 ciuf ^I'l" «' afliftance, in aiiP tiuinj uiberebi* tlie otber niai) lore JLiff, Limb, €(tare oj fjonour. ilno uibereao iponftnir R.)iRi (iiiml).iii/., ^afJer of tOe ea of Km^LuuI nbobc the fpacc of a i^ear, bv ConinUfflon from the fam Wimj of i ranu, takme; the oU)er, \\\ purfuance of the thiiO article of the befoie mention'o autance, con raining the iKlomo abobe uuitten: This Article hcm^ in the Rc- coicl ommittcii, i' is tliinloic ncccirary tor liic iiiulcritandiiig of this licoiul Pica ol' Moiificiir Ci''/////'^///'^; coiiccniini; tlic IVohibirioij, (() ohicrvc, that it was [)y ilic laid Article agrcctl. That neither of the ' oiurading Parties llioiild j;ive any Aid or Allillaiice to the I'^neinys ol the other, nor (uller the lame to be ^iven in any manner of w ay in any of tlicir lerritoties or Places within their Power, and that they Ihonid I'orbiil the lame to be done, on pain ot lortliinre ot llody an/ (ioods in the Offenders; vvhicii Kin^ Edward having accordingly loihid on his part, Monlienv Gnmhaltz, pietcndeil that all liich as, alitr thai Prohibnion, relieved the hlitntngs by Merchandi/.e or othcrwilc, were to be clleenied as Enemies, of vvhatlbever Nation they were; and that he having taken none but the Pcrlons and Goods of liich, conceived himicif to have Petmillion lb to do by I virtue of the forelaiil Prohibition, whereby the King had in elFedt dcilncd (as he interpreted ii^ liiat he would not take it tor an lu- jury to hinilelt, during that Alliance and I'rohibition, although the i'rvnch ihould fall upon any ot their Knemies in his noininioii, or which is all one here, though they Ihould Ik- taken in his Sea by the i'>,:,uh King's oiTiccm ^110 hiUh thttcfo^c tequireo that bs map be 31 ■i i hi I, ! 'i I I ' fiv n '!t; ' n 32 OJ People who hiiTc jloiinjbcd 1 Um k 1 . Km' of !■ 111; tiiitii, an, I liii All lull til < 'I'li'i ill 1,-11 III I III- n,li r Oil' ■ f,l< Uc .icqimiiO iiiin iiiirol\)rti of tlic fanir, to tl)f lyrr at Damnfff tino piiiimici- ot ti)c f.un Wtmi 01 Kh;',! md, .inD 01 t()c pjrl.itf0, jiJobiro iimioiiifinbclon mriuionli; luOrrcfoJC the r.iiD|i»ociir.Uo>ODo,iii tl)C n.iiufB of tiirii fdin Lo)li0, Vhw vou tlir LoiCo Coiiimiflroiicro hrrajcnirntion a, 1 l)»u mir iinti fpffpp uriiMrn) of the ln(n i»fn, •a^Iiipjj, cJoolio, iiiit>a3cicl)(iiicr tliricof, inm no Uiliat lif (oiiffO to (]i0 afoKfalti k)t ftcr^ anti t!;at Hir afoicfarti ?i)onfirui' H^ vncr uinv be coimfmitcD, ano copnr..ti!iHtii inal«r mir fatiofaRtoit 101 ailtbr faio Danuiuro, (0 far foni) .^o ht nm br able to Do tijc fame ; anti (it Default tOcrrof, I110 faiti Olaftct tlic iiuiio; of i laucc, bv Uihom be toao dc unttD to t.'f fain Oince. ann tbat after Due *atiofaffion fliaii be juatic toj tbr fam «Daman;eo, tiie (aiD (iDonfinii Ktvncmiapbr fa null) inui(fl)cD fo? tbe CUoiation of tbe faiD alliance, np tijat tijc fame man be an y uhicli it .i|>pcarctli thai the Kings of I'liiji^tafid hail then been by I're(i:ri|)tion ofTnnc immemorial , in the adfual PofTelTion of the Sovereign Doini- ninn ol the narrow Sea, both in prclcribiiig Laws, grnnting of lafc Conduds, keeping of the Peace, and judging ot all kmd of Pcrlbns and Adlions, as well their own Snbjedfs as Strangers, within the laid Sea ; and (hat this nominion docs micperably belong to the Kings ol [•'.iij^l itid (fuir raifoii dn dtt Royumur, lays the Rcconlj by right ol the laid Kingdom ; and that, niidir the liiid Kings, tlirii Icvcral Admirals were In jnd.'c of .ill I .ids, and I'eilons wirliin tin Sea albrelind, from whom lay no Appeal, but only to their .Sovc reign Lords the Kings of I'.iijt^ldud \, .mi)f ;o uiliomi tl;r ()0 10 tibour rifi', ()C null) ' coiitirmnci], ID Daninuro, III tn Qct'imit in lie luuo DC iffinii riinii i)f iicrUldVllf fa , n0 tljat tlje c. oblcrvcd ) IS y ol rlio like It appcarctli ptioii of Tunc i'crcii;ii Doiiii- rniitiiij; ot (afc mil of Pcrlnns rs, within tlic )cl()ii^ to the s the Rcconlj III Kings thfii HIS wirhiii the ) their Sovc Mcncc of tliL he Judges ;is )! any other .IS I he inakiui' Seas : Ami iiiiiioii of ihr Aeknowlcilf^ ////, Ciirtnar.y. ml others, eriptioii, it b ic alliriuativc ntedion, and till Kighf, wi Soverrignty pation of our iiiiiiiaiue too, |;aii ; [)iic that i( (is o( Vcais (M Nations Aiu! 1 4 CnAi». X I. til Sta in till ylii^cs. 33 Anil as (or the other Parts of the lUitiJh Ocean, it iniifl iieetjs ti.llou, III rcahiii, iliat if the l''rrnih Kiiil',, a Neighlxuir wiihiii view, v^lio might perhaps li.ive Colour Co Jaiin an Inuit II nt Do- niiiiioii in the iiainuv Si.a, li.ilt .Seas over, was, iiuiw uhllaiuliin;, ile li.in'il (roiii any Right iheieiinto, iiuiifh more mull any otlitr I'le- leiiiki . he lorechticil fioiii liaviii}', a 'f'lile to ihoK; I'aiis of our Sia'., will' h li-i ihc moll p.nt have no ojipofiie Ni i.'Jih'iiirs within m.in'.' hiiiidieds of I eagiies. I5iif yet, lor Iniiliei SaiislaCliou herein, \i) m.il'.e 11 appear thai the Aiiiellors ol out Kings were, amUlleem- iil theinl' Ives l/MiN III f.ii'l «)| eveiy Part ol the lurrDiiiuhnp, Oeean •, ihe lommilli'Mi j',raiiteil l>y I'.iLattl the III li> (iil/ny dc Stiy^ iii the tenth \ ear of his Rei;;ii , hy ihc Adijilion of the word Cir- r;(n ihiix, tint in nliquo minnntiir^ (Sic. Alandu- " niiif jinnitry injinni^rndo ., ffnhd ftatnn vifis f>t iffentihnx ., t<> " iihfr/iir iilli) iDir iltlntiiincy nnd w.is Admir.il of the i'leet from ilu: Month of the '/A/w//MVVell',\ard, vt.-.. to the liiriliell Part oi (Joru-ji-all , and lo !• to .1"/ llniilli ' 'I '.III. I.lw. Ill , 1 I in in I l/i. I II III «.. Ility lie '..ly. CmtlDliflinili 1,1 iMirjid. A.hiiiiuL if llic Korth, ' / the ''.eiilh. <^, 4^ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A y A* 1.0 1.25 ■tt lii 122 •B -.„ M2.0 ^U4 ^^ z / '>>' '/ /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 1 ^^ ''*" 23 WEST MAIN STMiT WUSTER,N.Y. MSM (716) •72-4503 s i Hi ;,■!' Aw ^m.: 34 0/ F(? I-tc Bote- tort, yjvs Coke, Iiiltit. I. 4. before cited. granted to the i'uccceding Admirals. Yet feme few there were who had the fame Style given them before, though very fparingly, and with Intermiflfion ; for ^A deB^ in the time oiEd-jjard the I, was aWcdAdmirall de la Mier d'En- glcterrcy Admiral of the Sea oi England ^ as appcarech by the Re- cord before quoted at length. And Richard Earl oi Arundel, in a Proclamation dircdted to the Sheriffs oi London , requiring all Ma- riners to attend him at Southampton, is called Admiral.us Anglia, in the eleventh Year oi Richard the II. So likewife was the Earl oi Rutland in the nineteenth Year of the faidKing : Not but that thofe other before-mention'd, who were only call'd Admirals of all the Fleets, ^c. had as ablblutc Jurifdidiott and Power over the Parts of the Seas afligned to their Charge, as any other who had more am- ple Titles. And it may be moreover obferved, that there was a Style above that of the Admiral of England, which was, Locum- tenens Regis fuper mare, or the King's Lieutenant- General of the Sea; and fo was Thomas Earl o( Lancafter, Son to Henry the IV. Nay before that, in the eleventh Year of Richard the If, Richard Earl of Arundel had the like Title given to hitn. So far for my fore-mention'd Author. Chap. XII. Of the Botmdartes of the Britidi Seas^ the Extent of the Sea Dominion of the Kings of Great Britain, and the Right of the Flag ; with fome Obfervatiom concerning the Ufe of the Term, The Britidi Seas, in Treaties. H 'AVING thus fet before the Reader the mod confiderable of the Arguments, by which the Title of the Kings of Britain to the Sovereignty and Dominion of the Britijh Seas may be nade ihti ; %po^ froni Prelcription ; it will be proper in the next Place to give ih'v!imx lo™'^ Account of the Extent of thofe Seas. Thcii Boundaries on ^Mi. 4 the i('l'l.!-.H-.; Book I. ly bcfoicmen- .rdihi:lUt and |uc-Ports have the fcventh of Talis ^inque I in one Man ; le thirty fourth to the South- of Admirallus Henry the IV, I the King, had II Commi^ons Ic given them ; iox^AdeBy la Mier d'En- :ch by the Re- ^Arundeli in a quiring all Ma- 'rai.us Anglia, e was the Earl )t but that thofe irals of all the er the Parts of had more am- at there was a 1 was, Locum' General of the Henry the IV. le II, Richard So far for my Chap. XII. at Sea in all Jgcs. 35 xteftt of the lin, and the m concern'tng Treaties, confiderable of igs of Britain s may be nadc .t Place to give lioundarics on the >lKd the Eaft arc the Shores of thofc Countries oppofite to Great Bri- tain on that fide, viz. Norway, 'Denmark, Germany, and the N.c- tbcrlands, by thcfc Limits including that I'art of the Britijh Seas called the German Ocean, or North Sea. On the South tliey ex- tciui the oppofite Shores oi Franc n, to thole oi Spain as far as Cape Ju.'iillerre, and to a Line drawn from that Cape, in the lame Pa- rallel ot Latitude, to their Boundary on the Weft hereafter nicnti- oii'd ; iliiis raking in that Part of the Britijh Seas which confiils of rlic Cliancl, the liay oi Bifcay, and part of the y/r//7;///V/6 Ocean. For tlicWcfl and North, if from the before- roention'd imaginary Line extending from Cape Fiiiijlcrre, a Line be drawn, in the Lon- c^irndc of twenty three Degrees Weft from London, to the Latitude oi fixry three Degrees and thence be drawn another, in that Pa- rallel of Latitude, to the middle Point of the Land Van Staten in Noiz:;ay, \\ c may cftccin thelc to be proper Boundaries of the Rri- t'ljh Seas on rliolc Qiuutcrs, thereby taking in, to the Weft, that Part of them \\ hicli confifts of part of the Atlantick Ocean, and \\\c Irijf.i Sea, or Si. George's Chanel; and, to the North that called the Caledonian Ocean , or Scotijh Sea : And tho' the limic Boundaries on the Eaft and South, viz. the Shores of the oppofite Countric9, arc alio the Limits of the Sea Dominion of the Kings of rhe rxum ^t Great Britain that way; yet, to the Weft and North, does that '*' i" iJ.- Dominion extend very much farther than the forc-mention'd Boun- 'q"'1"\s;[. darics of i\\c Britijh Seas on thofe Quarters. For tho' (as Mt Set- iwl. den lays) the vaft Weftern and Northern Ocean (ftretching out to lo great a Latitude as to reach, on the one hand, the Shores of A- mcrica ; and, on the other, thole of Greenland, and Parts utterly unknow ii) cannot ail be called the Britijh Seas, yet hath the King of Great Britain moft ample Rights on both thofe Seas, beyond the Bounds of the Britijh Name : As he moft certainly has, even as lar to tlic Weft, isNeiifonndland and the adjacent Parts of North America, by virtue of firft Invention and Occupancy thereof by Sebajtian Cabot for Henry the VII, and of a more full Foftcffion and Occupancy by Sir Henry Gilbert for Queen Elizabeth : And, to the North, as tar as the Shores of Greenland, by virtue of the fame Title of firft Invention by Sir Hugh JVilloiighby for Edward the VI, and of the full Occupancy thereof, and the Dilcovery of the Ulc and Profit of thole Seas in the Whale-Fifhery, by x.\\c Eng- lijh Miijcovy Comnzny , for Queen Alary and Queen Elizabeth. However within tlie Limits before laid down, ought ever to be re- quired (and forced in cafe of Rcfufal) from all Ships or VefTcIs that the Britiji) Ships of War meet with on thole Seas, the ftriking their Flag and lowering their Topfail ; or, where they have no Flag, the lowering their Topful only, in Acknowledgment of his Majefty's Sovereignty therein. This Cuftom of ftriking the Flag, or Topfail, has prevailed in r*« ^'"'^ "/ the 5^7.^///; Seas, likcwife, by Prefcriptiori of Time immemorial, ha- -J:'*'"^/^' ving been ever attendant on the Dominion thereof; and fb is to be ''■^' "^ looked upon, not as an honorary Salute or Ceremony, but as an ablbJutc Sign of the Acknowledgment of the Right of that Domi- F i uion. r I! Ml I fi^ m i 111 #•.!■■' ,11 -.f i' .,'fM ( '^1 'i 'i I' m I' '',;!; M 1 ; 11 3 ^ 0/ P<^'6?/;/^ W;^? fc^^ flourijhed Book I. uiA,iuiuin nion. For the Antiquity of ir, wc have an ancient and ample To- ftimony in that memorable Record of King 'Joljfiy entitled, The Or- dinance at Hajtings, from the Place where it bore Date, in the Ic- Anno (ic >. cond Year of his Reign, Anno iioo. By that it is dcclar'd, Cljat if tl)e Itetttenant of tljc ia(ii0'0 JTlect, in nn? jl^aDal €j;pciiition, Ho meet unti) on tlje ®ea anp dlnpiai o; Oeto, latien o; unia^ Hen, tljnt toill not uail ann lotnec tf)eic d>ailjai at m Conimanir of tOe Lieutenant of tde l^ing^, o; ti)e m^^'^ amnirai, o? W lieutenant, tut fljaU figbt tnitlj tbem of tDe fleet, fUeft, if ta^ iten, ajall be teputcD a0 €nemie0, anQ tiieir di)ip0, ClelTel^ anu ($Qoti0 be fci?eo auD fo^feiteti m tlje ^tstm of €nemie0, not' toitijfianbing anp tijing tljat tlje q9afters( o; Ofoner^ tI)eteof map afterU)arii0 come anu alleiige of fuel) &i)ipi3i, CSelfel? ano ®ooD0, being tlje €)Otm of tbofe in 9niitp toitb ouc Loin tlje l^ing: 9no tfjat tbe common daiio^0 on boatQ tbe fame iball be puniib^ en fo? tbeie Eebeltion toitb 3lmp2tfonment of tbeir n5obie0 at Difcietion, During the long Series of Years between that and the prefent sai:„e, paid "^^^^ > ' ^is Ulagc hath met with but very little Oppofition , the to ti„ Engiifti Flag of England having been duly refpedcd, not only within the Bounds of the Britijh Seas, but without ; fome Inftances whereof, in the former Part of the lafl Century, I fhall here fet down. About the fixth Year of King Charles the I.'s Reign, Sir John TenningtOH then wearing an interior Flag, and being at 'Vleckery iu Norway^ a Fleet of 'Dutch Ships flruck to him in that Harbour. In the Year 1636, in the firu Voyage the Earl of Northumber- land made, who was then Lord High Admiral, the Happy En- trance^ a Ship of bis Fleet , meeting the Spanijh Fleer, of about twenty fix Sail, between Calais and T)unktrk., (whither they were then carrying Money and Men) obliged them on their own Coaft to take in their Colours. In the fame Ship, and in the fame Year, Sir George Carteret car- ried the Earl oi Arundel^ our Ambaflador, to Helvoet Sluice^vuhctc V(;n Trumpy the Tiutch Admiral, was then riding at an Anchor, who took in his Flag, although Sir George wore none himlelf, and falu- ted with (even Guns ; but in regard he was in a Harbour of the States-General, he hoifted it again. In the Road ofFayaly one of the Azores Iflands, a French Ship of War flruck to one of oars, and kept in her Flag while ours was in Sight. A French Ship of War coming out of the River of Lis&o»y ftruck her Topfails to Sir Richard Tlumbly. The Admiral of Hollandy at the Blockade of Dunkirky in 1635', always ftruck his Flag to any of our Ships of War which came within Sight. A Squadron of Englijh Ships which came from the Coaft of Sallcj in Barbaryy being in Cadiz Bay, and the Duke of Maqueday Admiral of Spainy being then going forth to Sea with a Fleet, they both mutually ftruck and falutM ; and the lame was done between Sit tUg at lilcckery in Norway, Dunkirk, Kclvoct faya!, LiiboHi Dunkirk, C.yih, I BookL id ample To- lled, The Or- itc, in the ic- cclar'd, %W il€);pciiitton, Ben o; unla= [)e Conimano iiiirai, 0? m :, tUcb, if ta^ , OclTcisi ami ncnitc0, not> I ttjctcof map 9 anti ^ooHjQf, no tljc furnt JbaU be puniff)^ Eit T50tHC!8 at nd the prefent ppofitioo, the nty within the lances whereof, It down. Leign, Sir John ' at Vleckery in hat Harbour, f Northumber- he Happy En- leer, of about ither they were leir own Coaft le Carteret car- t Sltticey where n Anchor, who mielf, and falu- arbout of the Lnds, a French [('lag while ours Lisbon^ ftruck tkirki inidsf, which came the Coaft of [e of Maqueddj \h a Fleet, they done between Sit CyAP. XII at Sea in all Jges. 31 and Don Frederick de Sir Robert Matifel, when going toAlgier, Toledo the rlien Spaiiijh Admiral. When Sir 'yohn 'Penfiington carried Duke Hamilton inro Ger- many^ in the Vcar 1631, x\\• This Salutation, orRcfi-)C«»/> ac- both, by their Treaty with Oliver Cromwell in the Year 16^3, the '"•■"'["'s'l h thirteenth Article whereof runs thus : ii^c. .» 1053, ♦' Item, The Ships and Veflels of the faid Unircd Province*^, as ** well Ships of War, and fitted out for repelling the Force of Enc- ** mies, as others, which /hall, in the Britijh Seasy meet with any « of the Ships of the State of England^ ihall ftrike their Flag, and *' lower their ToplatI, in luch manner as hath been ever obfcrv'd in « any time paft, or under any former Government whatfocvcr. Since that time due Care hath been taken in moft of the liibfe- quent Treaties with the States General to infert an Article concern- ing the Duty of Striking, as was the tenth Article of the Treaty of i66i, the nineteenth ot that oi Breda in 1667, and the fourth of that in 1673, which laft, bccaufc it is lb full and cxprcfs to our Pur- pole, and that therein is aicertained how tar to the Northward and Southward the faid Duty is required to be paid, I ihall here (cc down. '* The aforefaid States General of the United Provinces, in due « Acknowledgment, on their Part, of the King o^ Great Britain's " Right to have his Flag reJpcEied in the Seas hercaftcr-mention'd, fliail and do declare and agree, that whatever Ships or Veffels «' belonging to the faid United Provinces, whether Veflels of War " or others, or whether fmgic, or in Fleets, Ihall meet in any of *' the Seas from Cape Finijterre to the middle Point of the Land «« Van Staten in Nor'X'ayy with any Ships or Veflels belonging to « his Mii}ci\y of Great Britain y whether thole Ships be ftogic or « in greater Number, if they carry his Majefty of Great Britain's « Flag or Jack, the aforefaid ©aff A Veflels or Ships fliall ftrike their " Flag, and lower their Topfail, in the lame manner, and with as " much Rclpcd, as hath at any Time, or in any Place been for- « mcrly pradtiied towards any Ships of his Majefty's of Great ** Britain, or his Prcdeccflbrs, by any Ships of the States General, *' or their Picdcccflbrs. It 1073. (( 38 Briiilli '.1-.15, in licinci fiiti.le l/y c:ir Katioi), ~rc.uy of Of People who have flourijhed Book I. o!^icrv^tions Jc is fiucc thclc timcs likewifc that it hath become ncccfTary, in "iVurlZ-nL ^^^°^'^ Articles of Treaties of Peace wherein are aicertain'd the l^laces where, and Times when fuch Peace ihall take cffcd:, to take care that the Seas belonging to Great Britain be cxprcls'd by the Name of the Britijh Seas, as was done by the Treaty of Peace which Cromz:;cU made with France^ by the Treaty with Holland in 1667, and by the Treaties of Ryfizick and Utrecht. Where it hath hap- pened othcrwilc, as in the Treaty with France u Breda, in 1667, and fome others, it is to be looked on as a great OmifTion, ami a Ibrt of tacit Departure from the Right of Britain to thofc Seas, by neglcdting lb fair an Opportunity of alTcrting it, in giving them their proper Name of the Britijh Seas. Of this wc iiiui tlic Mi- uifter who negotiated \\'\x\\ France the Treaty for a Sulpcnfion of Arms in 1711, was ^ery well aware, as well as the French Mini- fler with whom he concluded the fame. The latter had inicrtcd in the Draught (les Alers qui ciitonrcnt les IJles BritaiiuiqnesJ the Seas which iiirrouud the Britijh Ifles, and cited the forclaid Treaty oi' Breda as a Precedent. The Britijh Minifter ihewed him ihar, before that Treaty, the ExprelTioa had always run Maribtts Brit^unicis, particularly in the Treaty with Cromu!ell\ and that the Error committed in that of Breda, had been rcdificd in that oi Ryfviick ; and notwithftanding the other's Endeavours to retain his Words, by entering into the Difpute of Sea-Dominion, and o- thcrwifc, he peremptorily infifted on having them razed our, and altered according to hisMind. This, as it appears by the Treaty, was accordingly done in the latter Part of the third Article, bur in the former Part of it, happened to be unluckily omitted, although in that Place raoft of all necefTary. For there inftead of faying (as it appears by what is above-faid was intended) that " the Ship", Goods, " and E^cds which fhall be taken in the Chanel, the Britijh, and " North Seas, after the Sp^ce of twelve Days, to be rcckon'd from " the figning of the laid Sufpcnfion, (hall reciprocally be rcftoicd " on both fides:" The Words, the Britijh, are left our, and lb the Agreement runs for only fuch as fhould be taken in the Chanel and North Seas. This very OmilTion was it that occafioncd the Lofs of a Merchant Ship called the Favour, taken, after twelve Days from the Date of the Treaty, by a French Privateer, in the Latitude of fifty three Degrees, and about eighty or a hundred Leagues IV. N. fV. of Ireland, and condemned in France as Prize, as alio of fome other Ships in the like Calc ; for their Owners claiming the Benefit of the laid third Article, the late Queen, by realbn they were not taken within the Limits of the Chanel, or of the North Seas, according to the Letter of the laid Article, could not iptorpolc for their Rcltitution, although they were taken many Leagues within theWcllern Limits oi ihc Britijh Seas. u re:'.ifiiii. Here we might enlarge on the Impropriety of particularly men- tioning the Chanel with the Britijh Seas, as if it were not a Part of them, as is done towards the Clofe of the Article above-menti- oned, and in fome other Treaties; and in obfcrving how much better ic ii» (imiil on thtimi Chap. XII. at Sca in alleges. 39 it would be to include all the Seas furrounding Great Britain un- der the jeneral Name of the Britijh Seas, as is done in the Trea- ties of Ryfwick and Vtrecht ; but it is now time to put an end to this long DigreflTion, and return to the Purfuit of our Dcfign. Having thus deduced from the firft Ages of the World to our own Times, a general Account of the People who have flourilhcd at Sea, wc ihall from thence iclcOt liich as have made the moft coufi- derable Figure among them, and enter into a particular Detail of their Naval Affairs j which Ihall be the Subjedt of the following Books. A COM- i' n In' HI' '1 '< i. 'II ■ M 1 it 11 J ji 'M'l (H' ;f 1 ,.t.-ssi«« (-■• ,., •••• .'.I.! 7* ,1 K r (1 r J< r OF K V if ' s''Ji'iki'^*%i«' '^"iy^-^ > / ,',i -< 1. 1) N I A v/Tr >»/i». ii*Vr •loiw c'^Xiii Tiirliit A P /I J N 6c 3o let J*4ajutJ of Crtat Jinitatn vf. . T U R R ^ IN S^ T. XJ R O F Z A s I j\. Minor y w 3S B A R C A A F H J i J 41 'mumi^. fmmmm* A C O M PLEAT i H I STORY Of the mod Rc-tnarkablc TRANSACTIONS at SEA. B O O K II. Containing an Account of the moft re- markable Naval Tranfaftions through- out the World, from the Expedition of the Jrg^onauts to the Diffokition of the /i^y diijtor and "Pollux, lh')c:iti:\\, 'frlini:oi.\ Orplnus^ and oiliers ol' tlie moll confulcrablc ;iv./,;, i;i.r ()i,,,|iry i,| C'ri'iuc. I lieir Dcrii'n was in ()in.ll of tlie Holiltn ll('('(t\ hy which Name it is generally tluuiniir was iinderllooil ii ther a ).',reat 'riealnic caiiiod to Colchis h) I'hiyxus, or tile tlu- (iold Mines of that Connir). Wha(loe\er ir was, ''/«ifuii met witii all the Sueecis lieoxpeiitd, hy the Allillanee ol A/rJi(t, l)au^>jHir to /I.ffrSj King ol liic Couniry, w hom he eanieil oil" with hini to Crcvcc, and maniid. Alter 7<^//'i'//'s Rciiirn, ILxnhs^ with Icveral of the y//;t;«//<^////r, iiiuiertook an F.xpeiiition Xo'Ttoy ajj^ainll K\wc, Laouiidon^ w iio iiid harharoiilly violateil the Law ol Nations, l)y piirriii}^' to Death the Ai^ents 1 Inciilrs had lent to linn on l<)me pul)liek Alfairs ; and on tlicir Ariival they levellcil witli tliednuiiul that City, w'hicli had been but new ly built. Tlie next Naval Naval Armament amon^ i he C/; tr^-.r, was tliat of Minos King of CVv/r, ai;amll the Pirates of the /li^can Sia, of whom in the preceding l?ook. To what wc have tlierc laid of him niav bo adiled his Kxpeditioii to iV/V//y on account o\'Da'd(iliis, who had cfcapcd thither with part of his Meet. ''Dd'daliis was a noble yllhcntitu of great (Quality, and the moll extraordinary (icnius of that Age for tne Mechanicks, who happening to kill his Siller's Son at Athens., lied lo OvVr, and there cntring into the Service oi'Mi- 7/os, put his Naval AlTairs iti tlie moll llourilhing Condition tb.ey had ever yet been, by making Icveral very confulcrablc Iniprove- nieius in the Ulc of Mails, \'ards ami Sails ; lor the Circciaiis be- fore his Time depended chielly on their Oars, having very little Knowledge of the Management of Sails. Here he became a Party in loine criminal Intrigues, lor which Mtiios threw him into Priloii, from whence elcaping with part of the Meet al()relaid, it gave Rile to the Fable of his llying with Wings fromOr/f toShi/v- In th.it Country he was received into the Protection oi' (.'ocril/tf, who re- fiifing to licliver him up to AI/>ios, there eiiliied a long and bloody War between thole Princes, wherein at lengiii Mitios was (lain; to revenge the Death of whom, the Cnfdi.s fitted out c great Meet, \i,e CiiLins and repaired again to Sicily So intent were they on the Prolecu- i«trt,/f siaiy, (if,,, (,f (iijtj Quarrel, that they palTeil over in Inch great Numbers as to leave their Country almoll iininhai)ited. On their Arrival in /■.Y/,-r (.mil- Sicily they laid fiege to Ctimicus, the Royal Seat o\' Cocahis, but '"'• having Ipent five Years before it, were obliged to railc the Siege. Then embarking their Forces in order to return home, they imt with liich ItiriousTcmpefls, that ilclpairing ever of Iceing their Coun- try again, they put into theCiulph lA'Tarr/zfttw, and lauding t'lcre, /f///i(); iKily. took up their Habitations in Ittilv. On this occafion the Inliahi rants c)l OVyvw, propcily lo called, to whom the Ov/eared fbriuidable, oblcrving the great Fer- Mino'! Km?, rl Ciclf. A. M. .•...)■. I'.nl.ilus (•«- I'llft to ( (KM lll^ K'wi; "/ .Sully. M I « ■J ■A ■at I I -* m ti d( t(< ih an to Ih \\i 111.1 (it tiliry, M'l'llHi }m ^Mlll' Book I i. roni w Koin flic ;ulc iilf of l\ir /, a Prince vi' •'.xpccIilioH was ^' ami "Pollux, )(l confidcrablc i)f the iioLUii iimicrllooil ci s ■, or till- iIk- fttjon met w nil 'dcdy l).iU}.',l(r(T )(r Willi liiiii to the ylrnoiiiiiit\\ tdoti, wiio Ii.kI i> to Dcaih tl,c <- A/fairs ; ami 'ity, which IkuI (•r, was t har of '\'.\!^caH Sci, of lere laiti of him '■Da'dtiliiSy w Ik) lis was J iioMc nary (iciiiiis of his Siflcr's Son Service oiMi- condition th.cy rahic liiiprovc- e Citciiaiis be- ing very little iccanic a Party 111 into Priloii, 1, it gave Kile lily. In tliit ^filus, who rc- ig ami hlooily was (lain ; to great Meet, n ihe Prolecii- :i;rcat Niiinhers leir Arrival in ' i.'ocaliiSy hut lilc the Siege. lie, they met ig their Coim- lauding t'lcrr, 11 the liiliahi ')ctitn We.ilrli he great her- tility, CiiAP. I. Diffolutioii of the Roin.Ewpin: 43 ■ si 1 tilirv, and eoniniodion*; finiation of that Illaml, now nor only un- ''' dclcnilcil, hnt alinoU nninhahit'.d, lent over nnineronsCoioiiie'., am" /■.■(■•/ took {'oHcliion thereoii I'roni which inne it was leckoncil among tlic (.iiccinii Stares and, as Imli, in lew Years after tontrihnie.l its Quota of eigluy Slups, nndcr the C'oinniand oi' IJowcucus and Mc- i K./ M. 7iiiii for ihc Tto/.in War in the helorcinenrioned I'.xficdition oi I lirciilts to 7;vv, Ihjiont; 1 1 lionc- .,«,/ the D.nighrer of Lfiomcdjn, was forcibly canieil oil lioin thence, ' ifini w;.i/». ;ind mariiul xo'liLnnoii. 'J'lirisy her Nephew, bving lent {od'nric to demand her, fmiiul means of getiing into the good (iiaces of tlilcttii. Wile ot Mciirliiiis King of Sl-uirtii^ and e.niieil her away with liHii, wli leby he at tlie fiinc time gratil) ^ d Ins l.ove, and m.ule Kepir/..d lor flic injiiiy his Country hail leceived Irom the (.Itcih. 'i hey, nmkr the comindt of their leveial Princes, to le- VI nee this Violence, got together at /Ililis,] a Town oi' /urof in, a / ,;,./;,-,^„ „/ I'leer ol' one ili(nilaml two hnndreil Sail; to Inch a ilegiee were " •• Occi., ,( their Naval A'fairs by this time improved; one great means whereof ;j""^(^'^.,'^'^ wa^ ilie commodions fitn.ition of the Country, all the Sea Coalis a- hoiiii iiiig with Necks ot I. ami, and Promontories jntiing oiii in'.o the Sc.i, which not only lorinetl large ami lecme Harbonis, bnc af- loidid the moll convenient Ijiois of (ironr.d for bnilding Cities, as neediii}', biu very llighi h ortificat ions lor their delence, and having the S«ta open either ior Wars or Coinmerce. llumcr in Ins Iliad, reckoning np the number of Ships that were lent troni the Icvcral parts of (Ittccv upon this Expedition, atiri- bnies to each of the Hwntian Ships one i'lindrcil and twenty Men, and to thole oi 'Pb.'st/itcs iiliy Men each, thereby intimating, as Thiicydidcs thinks, the IJnrthen ol the largell anil linallell Ships. So that if wc ellimate thciu ar a Medium to carry eighty five Men apiece, the w hole miinbcr on IJoaid the one ihonlaiul two hundred Ships will amoniit to one hiindrcd and two ihonlaiul; all whoni,extept the Princes, and l()me lew others of chief Auihoiiiy, lervcd both as Mariners and Snldicrs. 'J'hcle Ships we are to oblerve, were according to the IJiiilt of thole times, open and without any Deck, wherein if there was found oceafiun, upon meeting w ith I'iraies or otherwife, to come to an l.ngagenienr, they longht only from the Head ami Stern, as fiom a Ketrenchment, the w alle being etr.irely taken up with the Kowcrs. 'J'here was not any thing confiderable tranlaClcd at Sea during the time of this Siege, loi the Gtician Ships w ere not ihn ship only not proper for War, but if ihey h;ul been ever lo much (b, "" .'"''/'<''^' ' the I'aieiny they had to d.'al with would noi have airordcd them any ' '^^ ''"' opportiiiiity \hx the ulc of them: So that as loon as the Troops w eie dilembarked, the Ships were bawled on Ihoar, and lecured with a I rcnch and Rampier, from whence they were launched again, as oeeafion ollered, either for getting in Provifions lioni the Ncigh- boiuing lllands, or taking Prizes on thole Coalis for the liipport ol llie Aiiny helore the J'own. J'hc Wars being ended, and great part of the Meet returned to (inrn\ there happened liich llrangc Revoliiiions in that Country, as iniglit render tlic G'//t/iJ//j- ihcmlelvcs objcdts of Pity even to the G z poor 5 .11 I' >) . ir ■,/».i»r(- (loin iImii own People rh.iii (he I'iiiciny hati lro(n thcin, (hcic were Ixii U:\\ , if any, of (he priiuinal I'l-ilnin wlio wric not toflcil aboiii hy iriii- pifl'i, and hc-in^, at hii^'lh thrown on ht vAuit Coiin(riC'i, i<)tnt'tlct and U'hilollrtft weir «hiv«n if. didt'iciii jiaii't ot It Illy Sonic (uinc (o iintnncly ends hy ilit Svvotd, and many pt to (he Well ward, wiio planted iliemlclvis III // ; lo ih.ir Irom them all the Soiitlicrn patci ol Ifnly had the name of Mtifi^un (it , vim A't yrt th« (itrtlf\ weic niiai (piamted With the Art ol Naval War, and I'cmrd « hiclly iiiirni cither on the tiiiprovm^', their I'l.idr, oi (he l'iripa|.':iiion ot tli( ir Name and i'owei, hy llir luaiii -i ol Pro- !i|r- Iriii out, a-i ahovem' iiilon»d, lo loreii'ii (.'oimtiie'i Mul ahovc out hiindied Vr;ii't al'irr the taking' ol 7r«y, the dot lulhifiin, on Oiiafion ol thru Wan with ihe People ot (.'otcyta, iM, as I may pt'lnme to lay, liivrni ihi'i Ail, and lilted out a I'leet not: only |)ir- iiiHikI III a mm h more wai hi* e manner than any in the pieccdm^> ♦ <.ni,ii,i,i,9 tiine" .'-////.// iher, wh<» hiiili the ( ity C.iinyta^ and imprded hkewlle tfiat name 'i'.h° "" ''"^ whole lllaiid I he iioKjto'ttHf trca«liiijj (ii the llcjm ol (ho ,.»,/i'. ii> Imii: liijl III ../ /...,. lit,. •ih'i < l.„l m m\i i!i" Hook 11. '> l;iy not any re lioiii I Ik II ivcrc lull U:\^ , bom l>y I rill inc'i, tli(tl l.ir voir tliivcii lo hy rlic Swoul, i; l.u< s IcfiiK (I llic piiiu ip.tl ic vaiioii'i Al It I III- Sr.l, K ri^tifiut, wIkhu nil Mills Aiiny, l(:< III lo li.ivc mil II) 7/rtV iiiimI IV.ii r, II iiiiid iici 1 11,11 y licin was ili.li ivrr into /^//'« It linrit lit I lie lc«l iIk llllrlvcs, y llic n.iinc nl oi ilinr (xtv.1 iiWcmIiIi, uikI ,lll I lie lOllU^C ; Ap,cs Some \>ofitii fitt'ir l( lit icti iliniilclv'S irr vfiy «.oiiri- I4HS ol Ifd/v ol NJViil War, icir ri.iilt, Ol vain s III Pro- Mill ahovc iniit Ill/tin, on lu with Slii|ri, II IS iiieani ol Ins Mx|i<'iliiiiin ay>ain(l the Pirates, wlieicin he iiiiy nor l>e |)iii|i('ily laid lo have loii^lii any let Mattel, hiii thai lie Ji.id iiiily SIuiiiiiIIk s and rni^'le J n^a^enieiici, as lucarmn ol/ired Nl xl alitr the (,'onnlluiiii.\\ the luiihiitXy as hath hecn nuniioncd '/« loumn, lirlnic, h('< line till' moll (Kiiridcidhlcal Sea, and (thole olthe Klaiids rljie' iilly) iclyiiii', nil linn ^uai Naval hnie, let at Deliance ihc 1 iiK.ii'. and Power ol' the moll lloiiiillnnf.' Monarih ui /Ifi'a ax that iiini- or llic twelve Idiiliu Cities heloie taken noliie ol, Samox AwA ('.hiiii wcie hinali- in nvi» lllands ol the lame Names. A^ainll ilidt C.iivliixy Iviiif; ol /.W//*, |iie|iatmn •» J'.'^'"' Armada, it is (aid < i.rius ,« iliai htitx ( ( I k'lnaied (or Ins Wildoin umoii^ ihc lcv( n Sa^'es (>j""''"'j; '■■ "/ (irnn-) lia|tii(iini(» al that time to tome lo tlie Court ol \ar//i\t\ llic Kin^', asked linn, // /utf Nrui /kim (incicf Sir, (an! he, the ^ ,i,ii.,^.i,,i IfiifKhts intend ti) iiituiiir you with tin /hmyof ten thuu/iind Hotji/. '"' "'•'* Ih.inn iiinnof favour tny ll'i/hes motr ^ leplied the Kin^, thuH fill fhnfi' IJIunihrx to vvnture thifnfclvrx on the (,'ontineHt^ lui/i think lo lit talk me ncifh I ,nntt I'onex I rue, (aid Hitii, tind what wore (hex your Mn/elh think the IjLiHthrx ile/ire than to i^rt you, ■iilwle/hinxhaveetei heen einployed afhore , on their own Ele- ment, the Sea, to whiih they have been nlwayx iiiiiilhme/i^ nnd v o(' 'Verfitt ; but 'I'lii <•!*» Willi this latal event, that he did. as the (jclufivo Oradc had line- ' told, overturn a (jourdhm^ Kingdom, Imt it was his own, not that ol the Kiiemy, A^ ho had (biiilly iiiieri)iricd it t and thus heiterame oiie ol the created KxamplcH ol iiiortal I lailiy, and the Indahllity ol Iniman AllairN. Mean while the hnmnx ediciuc, Thil ihoy iluMiid.: rhey mi^'ht do with the more hitpunity, lor that the '/Vf < i not hitherto in much as let loot on i lie Salt Water i but th* /•> I. y 1111. ley v'::! -"U triuiiipli in thiN Succcii, tor iome new Couimo- IIOUS f! ; n ■I'i i 4^ Naval TranfaBiotis hforciho Book II. TAf loiii.llis overcotnr /v f/vc TcriiJlis. A.M. 3(/'. ('amliylcs. rolviT.itii licJIt the l.cf- biaiis fortifiei S.J- nios, ./«./ //itrt /"i- tions in ''Per (id requiring the Prclcncc of ([yrtts there, he committccl the louinH War to ilic Cure of his (Jcncral Harpftii^iix ^ who in a Ihort time rcdiiccJ, either b Force, or Treaty all t\\c Ionian Cities on the Continent. The firrt Town he took anionic thcni was Tho- catif whole Inhabitants being driven nut, they pur to Sea, and af- ter various Adventures, fettled at Marjiiltcs , as we have related in the foregoing Bonk. Cyrus being dead, he was hicceeded in the Tcr/ian Throne by Cambyfis. In his Time flnui ilhed 'Polycratcs, the celebrated Ty- rant of SafMOs before mention'd, who wasMaflcr of a hundred lar^;c Ships, bdidcs a great Number of (iailics with three'] ire of Oars The Lcshiaits coming to the Aid of their Friends r>{' Mtlitiis uitli all their Force, ''Polycratcs overcame them in a Sea Fight, and took as many Prilbncrs as ferved him to draw a Ditch round the Walls of S\imos. Alter this he liibduedmany more I Hands and Towns on tlic Continent, and indeed invaded all his maritime Neighbours without any DilFerence, having cHabliflied this for a Maxim with himicif, that he gratified his Friend more by reftoring what he had taken T.i,.xlijiin,ti. ffoni iiini, than if he had not taken any thing away. So great was this Prince's Succcls, that ylm^if/s. King oi\^\^ypt, his Friend and Ally, liilpeding that liicli an uninterrupted Courlc of Prolijciity muft have Ibmc dilaftrous Knd, wrote to him, and defircd he would make Ibme certain Change therein, by chufing out the thing he let the gt tell Value on, and lo to make it away as that he might ne- ver more enjoy it. To comply wjth this Advice, he went on board one of his Ships, and threw into the Sea his Signet, which was an extraordinary rich Emerald let in a Ring of Gold : Hut it lb hap- pened that the next Day a Filherman taking a very large Fifli, pre- icnted it to the King, as only worthy of it, in which, when it was cut up, was found the Royal Signet. Amajis hearing this, took liich Aflurancc that unfortunate muft be the Knd of this prodigious Succels, that he immediately renounced his Friendlhip and Alliance, left he Ihould be involved in the lame Calamities, which he thought muft ncccffarily fall upon hiiri. When Cambyfis was raifing his Forces for an Expedition he had undertaken to reduce Ai^ypt^ 'Polycratcs defired him underhand to lend to him for ibme Supplies, who doing (b, he picked out iiich of his Samiaus as he thought moft ripe for Rebellion, and cmbarkin;; them on board . his dallies, lent them accordingly to Cambyfis, at the lame time defiring him not to let any of thclc People coinc back. The Samtans ^ ncverthelcis, upon the Conclufion of that War, found Means to withdraw themlclves from Cambyfes, and went to Lacfdamon to crave Aid of that State againft the Tyrant, whole Power was now grown lb formidable to the reft of Greece that it was eafily granted ; and the Corinthians likewilc entered into the lame War. The Laccdamonians coming with a great Fleet to Sa- ntos^ beficged the City, but endeavouring to ftorm it, were repullcd with Ibme Lofs; and having in vain (pent forty Days in the Siege (lb valiantly was it defended by 'Polycrates) they then returned home to Tclofonnefiis. This their Departure, Ibmc reported, was procurnl 111' lii/ie ai: I Voluiiks. Iin.i.lfil Av ll'r I .aii'd > ll|l>lll,IIIS III lain. } I ■ '( Book II. c commitrcd , who in a loniitn Cities :m was Tho- Sca, and at- ; have related ti Throne by clebratcd Ty- hundrcd lar^;c ire of Oars ' Mtlttiis wiili ght, and took A tlic Walls of fowns on riic iboiirs without 1 with hinilclf, he had taken So great was his Friend and of Prolpciity :rircd he would he thing he let It he miglit nc- wcnt on board , which was an 1 But it lb hap- large Fifli, prc- whcn it was ing this, took lis prodigious ^ and Alliance, Ich he thought ledition he had n underhand to icd out fuch of and cmbarkini; o Cambyfes, at People come clufiou of that byfes, and went Tyrant, whole Greece that it ntered into the :at Fleet to Sd- were repullcil ys in the Siege then retnrncil reported, was piOCUftll 11 Is circumvm- ttil bj Oiu:- ICS, Cii AP. I. D'lffolutioti of the Rom. Eniplrc. 47 procnrcil by '/olycr.ites's coining a great Quantity of Leaden Mo- ney, which he covered over with Gold, and dillriinited among the MnViny's Ofliccrs. Some time after, Orates the King of 'Perftas Vice- Roy at Sardcu and SucceflTor of llarpagtis in that Govcrn- iiicnt, finding himlclf reproached at Court, for that he had not yet annexed Santos to the King's Dominions, which lay lb near to his Trovincc, and lb caly, as his Knemics allcdgcd, to be reduced, did !>y all means compals the Dclhndlion oi 'Polycrates , and became the Inltiumcnt of an u-jfortunate End to him whom Amajis had lb violently liilpedlcd. 1 his Orates knowing "Poiycratcs's Ambition to become Mailer of louia, and thelllands, he lent to acuuaint him that he was not ignorant of the commendable Ambition he had to polfcls himlclf of thole Provinces he lo well delcrved ; but that liearing he had a prclcnt Occafion of a Supply of Money, and know- ing that his own Deftrudion was determined by his Maftcr Cam- hfi's, if he would receive him into his Protcdlion, he ihould have half of the King's Trealiirc which he had in PolTeffion, whereby he might not only attain his Ends in j4/Fa, but even the Sovereignty of all Greece. 'Po(ycrafes with great Joy received the MclTage, being very ava- ritious ; and to make liirc Work of it, firft lent over Mieandrius his Secretary. Orates knowing him to be a cunning and circum- Ipedl Man, filled I'cvcral Cherts with Stones, and covering them at the top with Gold, thereby deceived him. Totycrates was diflua- dcd by all his Friends from going over , notwithllanding which , and many Omens and Prelagcs of ill Succcls, he embarked with a llcndcr Retinue to Iccure this Trealurc, and going up the River Ma- nnder as far as Mague/ia^ was there Ici/ed by Orates, and uailed to """^ ''^""M a Crols. As for CarnbyfeSy tho' he did not himlclf do any thing very re- markable at Sea, yet was he the occafion of that great Acccfllon of Naval Power to the liicceeding Kings of '/^fr/Kj, which enabled them to give lb much Difturbance to the Grecian Affairs. In his beforc- nicntion'd Expedition to Aigypt, he by the way reduced to his O- ^;""''//m," bedicnce the ThaniciaiiSf lo long celebrated for their Naval Strength ni'dans ,' c-c! and Knowledge ; and having liilxlued Aigypt, was defirous to add Carthage to his Empire, giving it in charge to the 'Phamclaus to conquer that City : But they defired to be cxcufed from embruing their Hands in the Blood of their own Relations, it being a Colony of theirs who firft founded that City, as well as many others both within and without the Mediterranean, as we have mentioned iu the firft Book. From the Account there given of thclc People, we fhali not at all wonder that, chiefly in Confidence of their great Abili- ties at Sea, the Kings oVPerJia ventured to wage a Naval War with Grccccy then near arrived to her moft llourilhing Condition. Chap. iJii III ■». !.'! tii I I it' '■U , 48 Naval Tran/ailions Icfore the Book II. Pcrfians «'.ir aiainft the CircciAns. Sub Anno Muiuil JH-O. Aull.igoras dt'crti the Jf/fj to Cleo- menes, C n A p. If. Of the Naval IVars of the Grecians , from the breakitiy^ out of the Perfian //y//-, to the Defeat of the Perfians, and the bmnhig their Fleet at the Promontory Mycale. THIS War was principally occafioncd by the ^the»/a»s, who now firft bc|^au to be Maftcrs of a Naval Force. About this time yfrij/agorasy Tyrant of Miletus in louia^ having abdicated his Government, on account of ibmc Mifmanageracnts for which he feared to be expelled by the Terfiansy he withdrew to SPartUy and rcprcfcntcd to ClcomcneSy then reigning there, the Hardmips oi Mi- letus and the other Colonics of Ionia, which groan'd under the ^er/ianYoak. The great Courage and Power of the Grecians he artificially fet off to be yet much greater than it was, at the fame time exprefling himfelf very contemptibly of the Terfan Strength, and Ihewing how cafy a Task it would be tor Greece, but more cfpcci- alJy the Spartans, to drive out of the Lejfer Afia (b weak an Ene- my, who, in comparifbn of them, were totally ignorant of the Art of War, But Cleomencs was too wife a Prince to hearken to thefc Delufions of an Exile, and engage in lb hazardous and unnecefTary a War ; who defpairing of Succels at Sparta, repaired to Athens to involve that City in his Misfortunes. On his Arrival there, an Af- fcmbly of the People being called, he made ufe of the fame Argu- ments as he had to Cleomenes, adding further, how rcafbnably the lonians might expcdb Affiftance from Greece in general, but mod of all from the Athenians, as being their particular Colony. Scarce had he ended his Speech, but they decreed War aeainft 'Ferfia, and immediately fitted out a Fleet of twenty Sail for Ionia, where land- ing their Troops, they marched a few Miles up into the Countrcy, and furprizcd and burnt Sardes the Capital of Lydia. The News whereof coming to 'Darius, then keeping his Court at Stifa, he made a folemn Vow to be revenged on them, and ordered one of his Attendants who ftood by, every time he fat down at Table, to cry our, Sir, remember the Athenians. Nor were his Threats in vain, for foon after, with a great Fleet, of which the Tkoenicians made up the beft part, he prelcntly reduced, as it were on his way, Lesbos, Chios, and other Iflands of the Mgean, who foon rifing in Rebellion, as ufually newly conquered Countries d ^ , there cnliied that memorable Fight between the Terflans and Iflanders at Lada, which was the moft confiderablc that had been hitherto fought at Sea, from the beginning of the World to this time. Lada was a fmall Ifland lying off Altktus : Near this the two Fleets came to au Engagement, that of rhe lonians confifting of three hundred Gallics, and the Terfians of double the Number. The Battel was fought with great Courage and Rcibluticn on both fides ; on the cue for Glory and Honour , on the other for their Lives and Li- 4 berties; Aihcrs ie- ttayts JVtir a- gain/l iHePer- funs, i»«i liHin Sit- des. The Sea-Vight of Lada. Book IT. 'he breakin^i^ 'he Perfians, ry Mycak. 'theniansy who :. About this J abdicated his for which he Spartdy and udlhips of il/i- n'd under the ic Grecians he s, at the fame rjian Strength, ut more efjjeci- weak an Ene- rant of the Art :arken to thefc nd unneceflary d to Athens to 1 there, an Af- :hc fame Argu- reafonably the al, but tQofl of alony. Scarce tift 't'crfia, and /?, where land- the Countrcy, a. The News rt at Sufa^ he ordered one of n at Table, to his Threats in he Thcenicians :re on his way, foon rifiiig in , there cnliied nders at Lada, lirherto fought :. Lada was a Fleets cainc to three hundred The Battel was fides ; on the • Lives and Li- berties; «* Ilftt tJUIl \ xc J" f t 49 i1j4 I- 'tn, •'ilt'llS, ' ret !!• li't A- lee: is ul by IIH1 a e:,!kc. tc. (n /y ."lii- 4J9- I' 1« J* f0 A chart of tht SiA Coast of Naples. iS'icij-^. GEiZi£.ci: Aniii!kit Arc niP KL J^GO ISLASnS ,X.c. ^4tceriitnf tcMons^ B^rrttclot and th« ftittory of tKt moit R««n«irk«bJ« Tr«n tar linn I At J«« SC,:- Jt_y M Mtll CtCifntp. VStK- ^.z_'-«7rru«SBm A" ** W V* ^ . bi aValona H T 17 It JC Y /nVE T^ Ji O P JC Aa riMti opl« (Ti 2'ir Jtr-A c JA no^r H LA. CM. S XA s Conitflntinooj''' ^ M A C K J> O N I A '\f .R O m\a. N IJi. V*^! r-^ /' M ^1foiin^i V v./., A C llL\ J A. All* Mysxa JntMndruJ J\. S I A i^JSA.. 2»nt CVCXiULJiX S y''.»' > Mr«nftln •iil" iiJl / J.Jiiau7 / / . ^v^mM \iM^j I I Xampi iS\ ■;/► <- » ai ci tl w \i I 1*1'.' 1 ■1 ,-'f!t ■ M ''■T' ]! v. Chap II. /)/M^//^// of the Pvom. Empire. 4.9 V tliCi'c cticniir.vjc i with the Dcfiic of Cnnc]'.icf>, iiiui rhnlc aiuMLual uirli Dolpair, rhc laft Refuge in Rchclliuii. 'J licY n//ar/Sy ,;,c roii'ns notw irlilhiiulini; their great Si:pcrioriry, had gone near to have been J'--'J , '^:'^'-' '- dcfc.ital, hnttliarthc>W///<-/;/.r, who were in rhc Ri^'JiWint: (Inch was-'" the Dilpolal ot tlicir Meets in tjiole Times) c]ciitr^d the I'iglir, on wh.u O^cdii^n is t.incerr.iin, and lb left tiu Center cxpdicd to the Fury of the Enemy. I'hus the remainin:-, Part cf the licet hei ig |-irroiuu!cd nn alfrid.'S !)y liieh unequal Nuir/o.rs, ;i.ui Icci.iv,^ thcni- iJvcs trcacheroiilly uclci'red, were only intent on idling their Lives as dear as fhcv toii'd, and died bravely in tlie Bed of Honour. This Vidl'iry was loliowed by rhc immediate Surrender .nd Saeking of i\///(Y//,r, in Sii^lir of which it wa.s ol^tained : And Sams, C/;/<7.r, /j'-'- ^'il^:us, and other neighbouring Iliands were ciiiJly ravaged r.nd laid iVaftc t;|J',','j/^.,. by the inluiting Cnnqnerois. And now 'bdi'ins had noihing left to cio, but to purliic his Re- venge againtl i\\c yithiindi's, anti the roll v.Hircrcc ; to wliicli Pur- «»' /-'■'■■''".r P'.lc, c-irly the next Spiing, he deputes ^Ur/rr/o/z/V/j, to whom he 1,',",^ ,'"('' h.id fitvly given his DaugliTer iii Marriage, to reduce it to h's Obc- t;;;.-;r.a.^. dienec. lie, on his Anival on the CoaU, took upon him thcCoiii- iiiaiid of the lleor, confiding of the Sea Force of C///V/V/, (.'ypriis, .7i;M/'/^, and 'Phiriiic'ia, (on the Ships and Sailers of which Kill he principally rclici'^ and there embarking acoiifidcrableBody of Ti oops, having appointed the rcll of rhc Land- Army to meet him at the llcl- t,f"o.'t, he let l.nl for that Place, where receiving them on board, lie made il.c befl of his way for Circccc. In his PalTagc thither, coalling about the Mountain ylthos (now Cape di Moutc Santo) he tkh- rlf. met with I'uch a violent Tcmpelt, as proved the entire Deftriidion of this Bjxpedirion, tlircc hundred Ships and twenty thouliind Men pcrilhing therein J\Iiirdoiiiiis himfclf made a Ihilt lo cicapc, but was in a Ihort ti'uc recalled, as a Pcrlbn not fit to be cntnifted with the Managcmtiit of the War, which was committed to the Care of '/)//r/.r, a il/.v/;', and ArtnpJn'nics ihc King's Nephew. Thcic Generals having gotten together a very niimcrous Army, t"/',-, came down ro the Sea Coalls of C/Z/Vv^.', where they found a great Number of Vcflels, of a peculiar liuilt for t'nc 'Lranfportation of Hode, which ^Darius hatl ordered the maritime People of tlic Lc(- frAjid to get ready tor this Expedition. Embarking the Troops, they let lail with, a Fleet confirting of fix hundred Gallics, bcfides Traniports, and reducing inofl. of the Iliands Cycladcs in their way, landed iaic'y in ' llubwn with an Army of above a luindrcd » tlioiiland Men. Tliere in lew Days they had Erctria liirrcnder'd to ^ them, and thence pafiing over into Attica^ were met on the Plains of Marathon by Mtltia'irs the Athenian General with a Hody of u:,! .,i M.ii.i- clioicn Troops. Who Ihould have lecn both Armies ranged in or- ''"^" dor of liattel, wouKI have thought them a vadly unequal Match, that wmkr Mi/riar/( s not amounting to above eleven thouland Men, b'lt they indeed full of Courage and Bravery. On the Signal for the Charge, x.\\c ypl aiiaiis rulhed on with Inch incredible Fury and '".'' ''•'''" ''^ I'l cipi'ation, as dilordcrcd the Enemy on the very firrt Shock, and ',',,'^/ """' at length entirely routed, and put them to flight. They retreated /\ \i , ,,„ H iu ill- fin i-il ly rit)i:cjl. new //ii'.'.Ovi:. Koiv Nc- .v'j'UlltC. Ut"» ► . i ! I •ffti •'lS «»*». . r' .'■'ji;'!'''! : ;:|,M . I': 50 Ndv/il Traij/acliom hcforc the lioo k 1 1 . ■I If I' IT 11.1 ir. 1/' /// tl)H <■. ll.lllll'.'l Vcllh. J hi- /i.j;vpti iliis III rl ,1 V.iinjl X'ri X ill threat Coiitiifioii toward their Shi|is, hiir were lo clokly piiilucd I)V tlic /Uhriiiiiiis, ili.it tlicy ai;aiu cii;,;a}.',C(l tlicin as tlay were cin- ,in,i ti.aiilfci baikmg. Some oC their Sliips they took, ami Ionic they let on fne; ""■"" '''J''"r and the whole Coall was a Scene of Slaiiinhrer and Dcllnidlion. In this Adioii i> il k'lvetliy celebrated.thc I'x'havionr ol dyiiifi^iriis^ an ylthciitan Captain, who, as a (Jally Itill i)^''l'(tfunis was imiriiii; oil' ihenrinira- iroiw thc Sliwie, iMtcIied hold of the Kmldcr with his Right II.iikI hiir of Cyux- fo prevent tlu n- I'.liapc, w hich bcini^ pielently Iop|)'d offi he lu/.'il *'""^' it with his I. .It, and loHni; that too, faflned hisl'eelii in it, ami cxpned; that lo it niii^hr a|>pear that even lti(l him to attempt what Ins Valour could not perform lor the Seivicc of his Country. Upon this ill .Siicccis hy Sea and I. anil, the ''Vcrfian (icncr.ils made the hert of their way hack x.it/l(i I'ow cr pollibly could, he l|)cnt three wliolc Years in his Pre|iaratioiis, and at length, in thc fitili of his Reign, let out fiom Sufii with ihe greatcU Army that c\cv thc World knew, at thc lame time having rc.uly on the Coafls a very loimidable Sea Force, which confilkd of a I fct of four thoulaml and two hundred Sail, twelve hundred of them (iailies with three Tire of Oars, and the rcll «)f them from lifry to tliiiiy Oars each. Of thele thc largell carried two hundred and thirty Men, ami the Icall about eighty, as well Soldiers as Rowers: The whole Meet having on board in all about live hundred and eighty iliouland Men. Th.c fiill l'i?ort ol this mighty Naval Force was againll the Mount ain Atlms^ a vciy high i'romoiitory of Mucciloiirii, jutting f)nf into the Sea between the (julphs of SlrymoH and Siiij^tis, Joiird to the Continent by a Neck of I. ami about a Mile and a Quarter over, and is now known by the Name of Cape tli Monic Santo, as beloie ohiervcd. Ami bccaulc thc Fleer under MardonUis had met with liich a terrible Xnxct-, lie turned nil rclolvint; to lit tlirec wliolc 1 of his Reigii, leVV'orltl knew, loiinidahle Sea d two hundred c of Oars imd leic the hirgefl |I)out cii'hty, as Ion hoard in all fitll I',(?ort ol /iV/)o.r, a vciy e Sea iiciwceii \)ntinent by a IS now known Iderved. Ami iicli a torn hie fo; cuniin;; a Itinie perfected, lits of making [nipted hy the lid l>y Nrro in |d Advantage ; 'inir Chap. 1 1. J)i//ol//lfOf/ of the Roni. Ijfipin. 51 hut this, fincc they mi-jht (afe'v cnoui;h have [;onc rcund tlic Cape, was only a moll to(,hih'Vain giuricuiliicis and nnlcalonahlc Ollenta- tion of prodigious Power, to' litilc or no I'urpolo, the Chanel in a Ihort linie i-rowing dry, and leavin;; learce tiie Too; Heps ol io lUi- pciu'oiis a Work. I he land Army hcini', now arrived near the Si a CoaH, Xoxcs ;Vivc Ordeis Cor l.ivin- a Mri.l.V' "ver the I Icllrfpont , which bein;^ ',■'■;;'■'";■■ iiMiKMcd .iiul hrokni (i<.\\n hy tcmpelluoiisWeai her, he connn.nulcd '{^i'2_ '" the Heads of ilnWOikinen lo he cut off", the Sea iiKlf" to he whip'd with liiice hnii U^:^ Stupes, an'adyWir on liicli Occarion";, tolil tliein the mean iiig ot ilieOiacle wa'--, that their Shipping mull be their Safe guard ; ih.at their Country ilid not confifl in their Walls, but their People, that the Cuy (>\' ////iru.r was wheielbcvcr they thcmlelvcs were, and that ihey had much better trull their Safety to their fleet, than the Town, which was very little able to endure a Siege. I'hc /It hcunius 'I',- I'cl f.> thl. i.iir aeeouliiii ;ly tranl| lortcil tin ir Wives and Chililren, with their mofl valii- iiahle Klfetih, to ionic of the neighbouring lllands, and put thcmlelvcs. H with :wfu!'1 '• I '.1 ■'!.,,, ii*'P:i'i' it 1 -iii 11 'Ihe Vcvi'y.} Fleet jhailvrtd 5 2 Naval TranfaBioris hefore the Book 11, witli their Ships, under the Condud of Themijloclcs, to fight for their Country. The 'Pcrjian Fleet was by this time got to the Height of Mount 'Pelioti, not far from Attica^ and having lain all Night at Anchor oiF of that Pl.ice, about Day-break it began to blow very hard at North, and loon cncrealcd to iuch aTcmpelt, as four hundred of the ftout- cft Shi[:'S were liink in few Hours, and all their Companies loll:, toge- ther with a great Number of Tranlports, and other Imall Veflels ; lb that the Fleet was Icirencd by a third Part before it came in Sight of tlie Enemy. The'fiii (lodes in the mean time oblcrving the great Obflrudion the the pubiick Service met with from the mutu.il Grudgings and Re- Icntmcnts of the Grecians^ periiiadcd them to I'acrificc their private Animoruies to the common Safety, and join unanimoully in the Defence of their Country ; of which as lUcA^.giiictatis were a part, he likcwile prevailed with them, notwithftanding their lare Variance, to add their Naval Force to that oi ihcyltheuians ; and alio, pur- liianr to a general Relblution of Greece, lent to Gclon, King oi Si- cily, olTcring to enter into an Alliance with him, and dcfiring his y.\n^ ficlon in Aid againft the Tct fiaiis. Geloii was one of the mod powerful Princes of that Time, both rcfiifu to rU by Sea and Land, and was able to fnrnilh out a greater Number of a/il "^^"' Ships than all Greece, having maintained a long War againft the Carthiigiiiiavs, and given them Icvcral notable Defeats at Sea. When the Athenian AmbafTadors mentioned the Alliance, he lent a willing Ear to the Propofal, and promilcd to alllft them with Men, Money, and Provifions, together with a Fleet of two hundred Gal- iies, and even with his own Perlbn, but all this upon Condition he miglii be conflituted GcncralifTimo of the Grecians, othcrwiic he could afford tlu m no Aid, nor at all concern hmilelf in their Affairs. They rcfuled the Conditions, as too unreaibnable, and unbecoming the Dignity oi Athens, to whom, as the reft oi Greece had com- mitted the Care of the Sea, they thought it would be diflionourablc for them to yield that Prehcminence to a Sicilian, and lb returned from this unluccelsful Errand. .'/■<• A ihcninn The Grecians being thus denied all foreign Aid, had i;nly their vUe: at Aite- own Force to rely on, and having gotten together a Fleet of one '"'""" hundred and eighty Gallics, repaired to Artcmijinm, not far diftant from TcUon, where the Perjians met with the aforc-mention'd Mis- fortune. This Artcmijhim was fituate at thb Mouth of the Cha- nel which flows between Euba'a and the main Land of Greece., and was a dangerous Station for any Fleet to continue in, by reafon of the fudden and violent Gufls of Wind which frequently came down from the Mountains both of the llland and the Main, and for that the Tides were lb uncertain, as to ebb and flow not only Icven times a Day, (i.s the Ancients iniagined) but were as variable as the Wind idelfi and often came with Currents as rapid as if they fell from a fteep Mountain. Themijiocles, neverthelcls, chofe this Place to fight the Enemy in, as being the moft proper on feveral Ac- counts ; under TilC- IDlitoclcs'j ^ jf '» ST Chap. II Diffolution ofihcRom. Ewpirc S3 counts ; firft, for that it was rlic rcidiclt P.idag: into Crcc,-c for all Sliips coming from tlic Ilcllc/poiit, and alio bccaii'c there, by rca- fon of the Narrowueis of the Strcight, the Enemy could i:ot make iilc of the Advant.ige of their great Superiority, not havinj!; room to extend their Hecr, or fi^h.t with nioic Ships {.\\.\\\ thcnillivcs. Nn- were the ^Perjiaus at the lanic time ignorant oVTbcniifloclcs'ii prudent Conduct in this Matter, for which re.don they dcrachcd two hundred Gallics to lail round without the Iiland, and con.c at the other End of the Strcight aftern of the Athcuuins, that lb they niii2,ht hem them in on both fulcs. To perform tliis Service, they nude choice of the entiling Night, when having gotten about half way the length of the IflanJ, tliere arofc lb furious a Storm of Wind, Ruin, Thunder, and Lightning, as not one of the wliole Number y-'»v ''''/'» efcapcd, but were all 1 wallowed up in the Ocean, and not a Man /'^!,' ''yj'-v,' v'^ of their Companies iavcd. iji /.«/»;?. Tliis was a locond Blow from Heaven on Xcrxtii. Ilccr, but the TcrJiiVis entirely ignorant of what had hajjpcr.ed, put thcmlclvcs tlic next Morning in a IVjIlure for Fighr, cxpeding every Moment when the two hundred Gallics (liould make a Signal of their attack- ing the Rear of the Grecian Fleet. The Athenians as ignorant as the Enemy of what had befallen them, kept their Station in the Mouth of the Strcighr, as bcKne-mentioncd, where the two Fleets rim Uitn- came to an Engagement, which lafted, with alraofl; equal Lois on "^^^"'y"'^ both fides, till Night parted them. The next Day they both pre- pared for renewing the Fight, when, as a damp to the 'Pcrfian Cou- rage, the Bodies of their Countrymen came floating down the Cha- nel in fuch Numbers as clogged their way, and checked the Stroke of their Oars : However, they at length joined Battel again, and with much the Came Succels as before. The Day following the Gre- cians were reinforced with Hfty three Gallies from Athens^ and by ihcm had the News of the Shipwreck of the l?crfuins as they were going about the Iiland, which gave them new Courage and Relblu- tion. Mean while the T^crfiuns, highly incenlcd at the Rcfiflancc tlicy met with from lb inconfuicrab'c a Force, and likewilc fearing the Refcntmcnts of AVr^rj, for their making lb tedious a Bufincls oi' getting through the Chanel to Greece., now offered the At be;; i arts battel the third time, who advancing a little way without the Streight, in the Uft there waited the Enemies Motions. The Verfiaus dilpolcd their '-'-''"''"f Fleet ill a half Moon, in order to cncompafs the AtheniatiSy who doubting they ihould fare the woric if they fufTercd them to conti- inie in that I'ofture, bore down fpecdily with Defign to break them. The Grecians never gave greater Proofs of their Courage and Bra- very than at this time ; but as much as they excelled in Valour aud maritime Skill, fo much did the 'Pcrfiatis in the Number and Nim- blcncls of their Ships. At length, after a long and obftinate En- gagcmcnr, wherein great Numbers were flain, and many Ships iinik the Perfiai ■ and taken on both (ides, the Fleets both drew ofi; but the Vidory "'' ^•^i^^"'"- remained to the Terfians^ the Greeks retiring haflily out of the Chanel, and leaving the Coafts open to them to make their Defcent as they pleated ; aud at the lame time that they obtained this Suc- ccfs '4 ■!:;i' «l1 ' ■> Mh r1i'ri'^;':;i»^ ;|.- Ii'ji;. ' ■ 1 1' 8 ii'iiii; 54- Naval Tratifatlioiis hcforc the Bjok II. ,1/ riicrmo- A, M It:-' Athci.s. » .V.ITC (.'o- luri in the liul^h of Lll- Avtcmifi,!'. ylj-ne to Xerxes. 'J'Af c;ieci.in F/rf/ .u S,i- laiiiis. Themilloclrs tihh'itvours to frei'id will) the Confede- rates to jigl.'t at Sia. eels at Sea, Xerxes with his Army gained the Pals oiThert>iopyla\ Leon'idas King of Sparta^ being firft Jlain, who lb vaUautly de- fended it. Havin;^ rhiis opened his way into Grcece^\Q. fell down into /^///Viirtd on board the Fleet, where was held a general Council in his Preicncc, to deliberate on the fur- ther Naval Operation'-", and whether they Ihould venture another En- gagement with the Circciatis. The Kings of Tyre and Sidcn, who accompanied Xerxes in this Expedition, were firfl: asked their Opi- nions, w ho botii declared themlclves for another Battel ; but when it came to the turn oi' /Irtemifia^ Qiiccn o\' [Ialkarua(fus, to Ipcak, (who out of Duty to Xerxes^ whole Tributary Ihe wa*;, had not on- ly join'd him with five large Gallics but done very confidcrable Ser- vices for him, as well at Artem'tfium as cllcwherc, i'.iomuch that the Athenians offered a great Reward for any Pcribn who ihould bring her in alive or dead ) ihe enlarging fbniewhat on the afore- laid Services rendered by her to the King, gave her Opinion, which flic liipporred with many powcrfil Arguments, that it Vv'ould be moH: expedient lor his Majcrty to lay afidc the Thoughts of any farther Operations at Sea, and march dircdlly with his Array into ""Pelopoti- iiejhsy the Confequcnrc of which would be the breaking all the Mea- furcs the Enemy had taken as a collcdfive Body, and force them eve- ry one to ihift for themlclves, when ihey would fall an eafy Con- qucft to his Majefly's Arms. Having taken all their Opinions, the King was much inclined to that of Artctuifia., but it was in Fate that the '^Perfians Ihould be beaten at Salamis, and, according to the Majority of Voices, it was rclblved to flight the Enemy there. At this Place the Grecians., with a Fleet of three hundred and eighty Gallics, lay ready to receive them, when luddenly there was a Rumour fpread through the Fleer, that Xerxes was advancing with ail the Land Army into Pelopon- 7iejiis, which (truck liich a Damp into the Grecians, that all of them, except the Athenians, were againfl: -mother Er.gagcment. On this Occafion 'Themijhcles was extremely induflrious in going about to every one, Iblliciting and prcfling them to fight, but more cfpccial- ly to Euryb'iades, the Spartan Admiral, who commanded in chiefj praying and beleeching him not unadvilcdly to ruin his Coun- try, and with his own Hands make a Breach in thofc Walls the Ora- cle had commanded them to truft to ; telling him withal, that if they ftaid at Salamis , Glory and Honour and Vidlory attended thcin, but if they departed, it would be to the fbrc and inevitable Dcftrudion oi Greece. tThis Advice was moft true, but the Weight of it was much IcfTcn'd, in that Themijhcles having no Country to lofc, it was thought he might more readily confent to the hazarding that of others ; it being continually objc(iicd to hira, that it was not Chap. II. Di/joli/f'0/i of the Rom. Empire. 55 nor uoiiig iU all upon C(.]u.il 'I'ciins for them to fight for a Country ill rl'ic [Kinds ot the F.ncm), :inc| a City that h.ul nor IJune, while Sp.vja, and y/r(,'o.i", "lul 'i'ilofKvnr/its were Icfr dcfcncddj.-, and CMVilu! an caly Puy to t!)c Invader Thcnujloclcs bcini; thus r-pii:lcd nnd vcpro.ichcd, he bethought himlclf o'i a Straiagcm equally hardy and donhrfu! , Lut from which, if it lijccccdcd, he could aiin norhin;j, ids ihan unniortal Honour. He icnds a trufly Tluindo'lc^ Mcirii'-cr to the 'lurji-:'.:! Adnnrah-, who, with all Profdlions of his ^'-oy^ t,;i Kriciullhip, was to rcll them, that the Grcciaus, afraid of the Power '''■'''"'•^• they Inu! 1(1 lardy Idr, were dcicnnined the next Morning to fly; that now all the force ol (ira'cc w as united in one I'lacc, and might oc cnr olfar one Blow ; rhat they ihould by no means permit their Enemies to elcapc out of their Hands ; and if they let (lip this Op- pornniirv, it might be long enough before Heaven would aflord tlicm inch another. This was nor more wiicly conceited on one h.iiid, than indilcrcrdy believed on the other; for the Tcr/iaf/j, that tlicy might not h.ivc any thing to do in the Morning, diipolcd every thing for the Attack at iMidnight, and block'd up the Streights ne \.j Mt of Said!.'.'/}, that lb there might be no Pofllbility of Efcapc. The "' ;^'''>i"'*' King placed himidf on an Eminence on the Shore, there to lie the Fighr, and animate his People to behave thcmlelvcs well ; and the Greciuiis now finding thcmiclves almoft liirroundcd by the Enemy, became valiant out of pure Nccdiity, and engaged with great Ar- dour and Alacrity. The Atbcmans had to deal with the '■Phoeni- cians, who were of greateil Reputation for Sea- Affairs among the Enemy, and the Spartans, not ib remarkably expert therein, were oppohd to the loHians. Jn this Battel the Terfians are laid even to have ou'.donc themlclvcs in Feats of Gallantry and Bravery, and the rather, lor that they fought under the Eye of their Prince, whom, V irh rhoir Fdlow SoKlicrs of the Land Army, they had to be wit- nds of their good or ill Behaviour, all the Hills and rifing Grounds along the Shore being covered with AVrxw's Troops, where him- ii Ir, as we have laid, w as on an Eminence from whence he might hcfl: behold the Fight. Bur the Grecian Valour was infuperable, m- ionuich that the two Fleets joining Battel, that prodigious Multitude oi'PaJian Ships, alth.ough dilpolcd in the mofl: advantagious manner, were very loon diibrdcred, and fell foul on one another, the Gre- cians bearing down on them in a firm and unbroken Order. This was ill a great mcafurc owing to Thcmijfoch's, by whole Advice it was that the Grecians deferred attacking the Tcrjians with the Beaks 7/,, Pi.,.;,,, of their Ships till the time the Land Breeze came up, when going fitu hcutr- on right afore it, they were carried againft them with great Violence, while at rhe larae time thofe of the Enemy were rendered almoft ufclcls, bccaulc, having the Wind in their Teeth, they could not op- polb Beak to Beak, but received the Shock of che Grecians on their Bow or their Broadfidc. There fell in this Battel, alraofl: at the beginning of it, Ariamencs the Terfian Admiral, a Perfcn of great Valour, and Brother to Xer- ycs, whofe Body floating in the Sea, amongft many others, was ta- ken up by Artcmifia, aiid prclcntcd to the King to be Royally in- terred. ' u <»/;,/ A.-ianr,'- ne?, thtir Ai- mil at, fliitn |;ti-ll 5« Naval TranfaBicnis hfore the Book II. ArfciiiillA'. Vaioiir. tcrrcd. The Fight coutimicd till late in the Evening, when many Xerxes /f. III. (ly ; and iiich not their Du- bc confiJcrcil Of the NavallVar of the Grecians m Sicily with the Car- thaginians then in /Alliance with the Perfians. w HILE thefc things were tranfadliiig in Greece ^ there fell a n-ar h^ out a bloody War between Carthage and Sicily ; for Xerxcsy '}'■"" <-'af- fo'lboii as he had come to a Rcfblution of invading Greece^ lent an ^^^^^l '^j^. EmbafTy to the Carthaginians , offering to enter into an Alliance m,,- 'auLt ly with them againft the Greeks^ which they icadily enough conlcntcd ''" ^'"''•>ns. to, and it was agreed, that at the fame tin'.c as Xerxes paffcd over into Greece y the Carthaginians ihould make a Dcicent in Sicily. The Negotiation was carried on with fo much Secrecy, that the Si- ciliatis had not the lead Sufpicion of the Defigns againft them ; and no fooner were the Terjian Minifters diffitched, but the Carthagi- nians, at a vaft Charge, made Levies of foreign Troops in Italyy Liguria, Gaul and S/>din, at the fame time raifmg great Numbers in the City of Carthage, and in Numidia. At length having, as well as Xerxes y (pent three Years in their Preparations, they had got together an Army of three hundred thoufand Men, and a Fleet of five thoufand Sail, two thoufand whereof were long Ships, the ri«Carthagi- rcft Vidiuallcrs and Tranfports. The Command of this Fleet and ?i!"' ''f'^* Army they committed to Amilcar-y who, when Advice came of Xer^ '"'^"" xes\ Arrival in Greece, repaired on board, and made fail for Sicily. When he was got about half Seas over, he met with (b violent a Storm, that all thcTranlports which carried the Horfes and Baggage pe- rilhcd iu it, and 'twas with Difficulty he clcaped with the reft to Ilimera, a Sea- Port of Sicily. Having on his Arrival there difem- barked the Troops, he formed two Camps, one for the Land Army, rhc other lor the Sea, in which latter making a proper Receptacle for the Ships, he haled them adiore, and fecurea them therein with a very deep Trench, and a Rampire of great Height. The People of the Town having received confidcrable Lofs in a Sally they made for interrupting the Works, difpatch'd frequent Meffen- gers to implore the Affiftance of Gelony King of Syracufcy who, as we have before obfcrved, had lately denied Aid to his Kindred Gre- cians on the Continent : But that which through Envy and Emu- lation he rcfulbd to them, he did not think fit to do to thofe of Htmira, who were his near Neighbours, and who, he knew, would, without his Affiftance, be entirely ruin'd. A Prince of his Penetration eafily obferved that the Carthagi- ceion k»«| <./ nians had no better Grounds for a War againft Hitnera than Syr a- Syracufe «/- f «yc, and that it arofe more from a favoursrole Conjun'» Atlic- tiun vUit to ynn that of marches up to the Citadel with a Bridle in his Hand he had taken off his Horic, and coniccrates it to Minerva^ the Goddcis who af turned the peculiar Frotedlion of that Place, thereby calling Gods and Men to witncis that this was not a time for them (o depend on Horlcmanihip, or a Land Force, but to follow the Advice oiThe mijioctes, and truft to their Sbips for their Safety. Thereupon, having paid his Devotions to Minervay he cmbarl^'d wuli the reft of his Countrymen on board the Fleet, where in the Figlit at Sata mis he behaved with remarkable Courage and Gallantry, and ac- quired to hitufelf the Love and Efteein of all his Felluw Citizens ; many of whom came to him and advilcd him to betake himlcif ear ly to publick Uufinels, and begin to think ot doinu; fomcwlut wor thy of his Father Mtltiades^ and the Field of Marathon. Purfuant to their Advice, he loon after euter'd into publick Employments, wherein he was welcomed by the univerlal Congratulation and Ap- plauic of the Athemanst who not long after (Thetnijfocles being then on the Decline in their Favour) conferred upon him the mou important Charges of the Commonwealth. After the Battel of Tlataa with Xerxes's General, Mardoniiu^ which gave a total Overthrow to the 'Perjiatis^ and entirely ruin'd their Affairs in Greece, Onion was lent out with i^cAtheniau Fleet to join that of the Lacedtemonians under Taufanias^ who com- manded in chief In this Expedition his Behaviour was entirely a- i-iiced*inon. grceabic to what he had promifed at his firft coming into Affairs, and he drew the Eyes of all People upon him, by the pundlual Care he took of his Men, their exadt Dilcipline and Order, and the conftant Readincfs they were in for Service. At length finding cut 'Paufa- »/<7/s Inclination to \\if:'PerJiaH Intcred, and the unnatural Intrigues he had enter'd into againft his native Country, he immediately lent Advice thereof to the Spartan Ephorit and bcficged Paufanias h\vcSt\i'\rx Byzantium t who efcaping thence, Cimoti, in his Return to Athens^ took elpccial care to open 'he Trade of the Mgean^ by clearing it of Pirates, by whom it was .. .ch infcfted at that time ; an A«. Purfuant imployments, tion and Ap- ijtocles being )im the mou , Mardonius^ intircly ruin'd Ubeniau Fleet r, who com- as entirely a- :o Affairs, and idlual Care he 1 the conftant g cut 'Faufa- ural Intrigues icdiarcly ient :d 'Taitfantas his Return Mgeaiiy by that time; all Greece. iccc of good very potent en'tan Confc- ccmcnr, yet, from them, "Quota's of hens cxaded ado their Go- work, fo as rom liicii as le took their then bring- a few at a whole Fleet ncy of their Confc- Coiifcilerafcs, who mean while enjoyed their Repolc at home, be- came tlicir Maflcrs, and deprived them of Liberty. The Athaiians, now lollicitcd by Amyrtaus^ a Prince o\' .li^pt, who hid revolted from the 'Per/tan Government, repaired thirher vvirh a grcac Fleet, and maintained a dangerous War there for fix Years. /Irtaxcrxes, who fate on the Throne of 'Pcrfia, dreading the /^//jcww// Arms, ki\t Alcgabyzui to Lacedamon^ with great Sums of Money, to endeavour if by any means he could prevail wich the Spartans to come to a Rupture with Athens, and invade AtticJt that lb they might have Work enough on their Hands at huuic : But the Lacedemonians, although they were grown liifTtci- cutly jealous of the rifing Power oi Athens, yet at this time had they liich a Reverence for the Treaties liibfifting between them, that they would by no means hearken to the Propolal, and Ategabyzus returned witiiout doing any thing. The Money the King had al- /igneJ to be placed among the Lacedamon'tuns, he now applied to- wards carrying on the War in ALgypt againft the Athenians, the Ma- nagement whereof he committed to another Megabyaiis, Son of that Zopyrus who recovered Babylon to ^Darius. This General enter- ing M^ypt with a vaft Army, gave the ALgyftians Battel, and en- tirely (Jefeatinc them, forced the Grecians out of the City oi' Mem- phis (of which they had been in PofTcfllon Ibme timc^ mioByblus, on an Ifland of the Nile called 'Pro/oPitis, and there laiJ dole fiegc to them, who lb well defended themlclves, that they held out eigh- teen Months. The Athenian Fleet lay in the River before the Town, but tlie Terfians at length turned its courfe, and drained the Chanel, fo that the Ships now remaining ulcleis, the Athenians fee fire to them, and furrcndered the Place, on Condition they might be permitted to march in Safety to C^yrene. Arriving there, they, at Icveral times, got home, but in as miferablc a Condition as if' they had fufTcred Shipwreck ; and 4s one Misfortune generally foils on the Neck of another, the Athenians having fcnt fifty Galfies to their Relief, on a Suppofition they were flill in Byblus, thcfe, ut- terly ignorant of what had paffed, eiitered Mendefium, one of the Mouths of the Kile, and landing the Troops they had on board, they were all cut to pieces by Me^byzus , while die Thoenician Fleet which lay near attacked the Gallies, and entirely dcflroyed them. Such was the End of the Athenians fix Years War in Mgypt, from which if they had been fb wife as to have taken warniiig, and contenting themfelves wjth their own, had withdrawn their Ocfues from foreign Acquifitions, cfpecially far diftant ones, this Misfor» tune in /Egypt, though lo fevere, had not been unufcful to them ; but by knowing no bounds to their good Fortune, and affcdling an Extent of Empire beyond the Abilities of their City to maintain, they at length broui^ht their flourilhing Republick to Ruin. But to return to timon. He was the Perfbn amongft all the Gre- cians who moft cffedually weakncd the Terjian Power ; and ^o clofcly did he purfue them, that he would not let them take breath, or put their Affairs in any manner of Pofturc. For after the Death of Taufaniast the Athenians having obtained, through his Condu(5l, Athciik>//.ii>i i»iMi IV4r i>i ,K!;vpt .1- tiaiis. lit /Ki^yp- luns 4«J A- t!iCiiuii!i km- ten by i\iu- xerxcs. • NoTti Grand Ciiru. Athcniini turn ihiir and olhtrl »,( i,^ ftri'jtti hy till 'I ■mm ■ill i. , ii il ^ Ij'; ,.-.- 'ill i^i I ■ f VifU Cf din Vim Alii. and deftitiys their Flea. 6 2 Naval Tranfaclions hefore the Book II. the fuprcmc Command at Sea they fent him out at the Head of a -mon re.i:i. coiifidcrable Fleet, with which paflfng over xoxhQLefferJfta, all the « fJre- Grecian Cities upon the Sca-Coaft immediately came in, and the reft which were garrilbn'd by the Terjians he took, partly by Storm, and partly by managing Intelligence within their Walls, lb that he entirely freed all the Coaft from Ionia to Tamphylia from the Ter- BtatstuVix- fian Yoke. Then having notice that the Terfian Generals were cn- medo''n*'"'^^' "mpcd With a Body of Troops on the Sea-Coaft, and fupported by a confiderablc Fleet, which lay in the Mouth of the River * Eury- medoNi he made the bcft of his way thither with two hundred Gal- lics, iud came in upon the Enemy at break of Day ; who, lurprifed at fo unexpcdted an Attack, delerted the Ships in Confufion, and joined their Army on fliore. The whole Fleet confifted of fix hun- dred Sail, two hundred whereof were taken, and of the reft the greateft part (iink, or entirely difabled, very few of them efcaping. CimoNy flulhed with this Succels, immediately lands his Men, and encourages them with the AlTurance of Vi(^ory, out more by his own Example, to engage the Enemy, which they did with great Fu- ry, and were received by them with equal Warmth. The Fight was very obllinate, and contiimcd long doubtful, wherein many of the htzvz^AthentanSy and aracng them nc a few Perfons of Quality, were flain ; but at length the Enemy received a total Defeat, and a furious Slaughter was made among them. Thus did Cimon gain two entire Vidorics by Land and Sea in few Hours ; to render which fully compleat, he repairs with the Fleer, the fame Day, to a neighbouring Port, where he had notice that eighty Sail of Thaenicians were arrived to the Adlflance of the E- ncmy, not knowing any thing of their Defeat ; but they feeinff the Grecians coming down upon them, and yet reeking with Blood and Sweat, fufpeded the Fate of their Allies, and in Defpair prcfently lubmitted to the Conqueror. Thefe Succcflcs fo broke the Spirit of the'Per/K««, that he was glad to treat on any Terms, jhi Perfuns and to Comply with this hard Condition, That not any of his Land T"m,'^/"^ forces Jhottid come within fifty Mites of the Afiatick Coaji of the Ptace. Grecian Sea, nor any of his Ships of ff^ar beyond the Cyanean Iflands on the one Jidcy nor the Chelidonian Iflands on the other: So that he was hereby excluded from the Tropntisy the Mgeatty the Cretany Carpathiany and Lycian Seas, from the Mouth of the ThracianBojphorusy where lie the: Cyanean Ifles, to the ftcredPro- montocy (now Cape CelidoniaJ iaLyciay offof which arc the Che- liddnian Iflands before- mention'd. * Tht Rivir cit which now /lands Candclora in the Gulf of Satalia. A. M. 3481. I: ■■■'■■'■ C HA?. \\l BookII. Chap. v. Diffolutton of the Rom. Empire. 6^ ic Head of a rJ^a, all the ; in, and the tly by Storm, Is, ib that he mm the "Per- crals were cn- fupported by River * Eur^- hundred Gal- kvho, furprifed ^onfufiOD, and :ed of fix hun- f the reft the :hem efcaping. his Men, and c more by his wich great Fu- The Fight was I many of the ns of Quality, :al Defeat, and and Sea in few with the Fleet, ad notice that mce of the E- ut they feeing reeking with and in Defpaii icfTcs fo broke on any Terms, fty of his Land :k Coaji of the i the Cyanean on the other : •, the ^^ean, Mouth of the the facred Pro- ch are the Che- ilia. C H A P. V. Of the Naval IV an of the Grecians, from the Peace with Perfia after the Battel at Eurymeclon, to the beginning of the Peloponnefian fVar. ClMONy in his Return from Tamfhyliat (upon Advice fent him that part of the Mattered Remains oi Maraon'tui his Army had fcizcd on fome Places in the Thracian CherfotiefusJ fends in the Fleet to Athens to refit, and with only for,r Gallies repairs thither, where he finds the Thrac'tans joined with the Terfians^ and ready to re- ceive him. But attacking them with great Vigour, he took thirteen cimon;4*« Ships from them, and in a ftiort time wholly fubdued the Thraci- 'J" ^^'P' «/ arts, drove out the Terjians, aud entirely reduced the Country to y-J^*"' J" the Obedience of Athens. Thence he proceeded to the iHand C'umr'j t» ' Thaftis, the Inhabitants whereof had revolted from the Athenians, Athens. and defeating them, took thi-ty three Ships, and had their capital '^ifl'flJ'^f City yielded to him at Difcredon. Being recalled to Athens, he for ',hl Arch^c- fome time endeavoured to calm the civil Diflenfions of his Country ; lago. and finding the Athenians, at the Inftigation of Teric/es, hotly bent on a Rupture with Sfarta, thought it beft to divert the Humour, if pofTible, by a foreign War. To this end he prevails to have a Fleet fitted out of two hundred Gallics, with which making Sail to- wards AJia, he detached fixty of them to Mgyft, while himfelf re- paired with the reft to Cyprus, where meeting with the Terjian Cimon htau Fleer, he gave them a fignal Overthrow ; and having failed round '^'' ^erfian the Ifland, and taken by Force, or Treaty, all the Sea- Port Towns, he pru" "* ^ began to turn his Thoughts towards the War in Mgyft. For Ci- a„d tums hit mon's Schemes were not calculated for finall Matters, but aimed at Thoughts »*- nothing lefs than the total Subverfion of the Power of Terjia. Be- ^^^^'1^%, fides that, as he knew the Genius of the Athenians to be peculiarly gypt. adapted for War, he thought it both more Iionourable, and more ea- fy for them to be engaged in one with Terjla than Greece ; and it wa-^, perhaps, fome farther Incitement of his Hatred to the terjian Name, to obfcrve the fingular Honour and Reljiedt wherewith The- miflccks was received by the King, when he retired in Exile into AJia. That Prince indeed entertained a mighty Value tor Themi- jiocles, as knowing his great Abilities, and relying on his Prorai- Ics of being at the head of the Expedition he intended againft Greece, whticin he therefore aJlTured himfelf of certain Succefs; but he, either dreading the Courage, Condud;, and conftant good For- tune which attended Cimon, elpccially in Naval Affairs, his own pe- • culiar Talent, or diftrufting his own Abilities declined with his For- tune, or elfe (what we Ihould the rather believe) abhorring the Thoughts of being engaged in fo unnatural a Defign, poifoned him- Themiftoclcj C H A f lelf, that fo fincc he could not with Honour acquit himlelf of hisPro- f'^''"' mile, he might, in fome Ibrt, of his Dury to hisCoountry ; and his hm- Death w.l i^ mW^ ,y'.i. and Cimon diti. The Aiheni- nns leat the Perfian and Ph(Enician Fleets near Cyprus. 64. Naval Tranfatitons hefore the Book II. Death was followed foon after by that of Cimon, jufl as he was going with the Fleet from Cyprus to Mgypt. It may be faid of him, that even after his Death he was fatal ro the Terjian Power. For having fignified his Defirc to his Friends, who allifted him in his laft Moments, that his Body m>ght be carried to Athens, and there interred, the Fleet accordingly preparing to re- turn home, fell in, off of Cyprus, with a Naval Arnjamcnt oiTcr- Jians and Tbanicians, which had been, with great Expedition, lent out againft the Athenians. The Terjians, whether they were ig- norant of Cimon" s Death, or, if they knew it, affuring therafclves of Advantage over the Athenians, being dcllitutc of their General, prepared for the Fight with great Readinefs and Alacrity. The ji- thenians, on the other fide, were encouraged with the Remem- brance of their late Succeffes, and exhorting one another to ren- der this their melancholy Return to Athens memorable to future A- ges, for their Behaviour in this Battel, engaged the Enemy with ex- traordinary Courage and Refolution. They fought very obflinatcly on both ndes, and for a long time with various Succels, till the A- thenians knowing themfclvcs much the better Seamen, and yet making their Art fubfcrvient to the prefent Occafion, broke their own Line, as finding that of the Verfians othcrwifc impenetrable, and engaging theoi leparately, although they were without any fu- premc Commander, they acquitted themfelves of all the Parts of Soldierlhip and maritime Skill, with as much Dexterity nnd Readi- nefs, as if Cimon had been prclent to difpencc his Orders amongft them, and be witnefs of their Behaviour. At length their Skill and Courage prevailed, for breaking the Enemy's Line, they funk, or took all the 'Perfian Ships, but the Vheenicians, being good Sailors, favcd themfclvcs by flight. They did not think it lafe to follow them too far, for fear of lofing Company with the Adnairal's Ship^ which having his Corpfe on boanlj did not interfere in the Fight, but mutually making Signals to give over the Chace, they bent their Courfe towa;ds Athens with the forrowful News of Cimon's Death, but that well tempered with the Joy of this Victory. While thefe Things were tranfadting abroad, Tericles was very bufy at home in lowing the Seeds of Difleufion between thz Athenians and Spartans, who had been growing ripe for a Quarrel ever fmce the Battel of 'Plataa. The Lacedemonians looked with an envious Eye on the Glory the others had obtained in that Battel, as well as in the Sea Fights oi Artemifatm, Salamis, and the River Euryme- don, wherewith they were indeed themlelves elated to a great de- gree, and reducing raoft of the Iflands of t^ntjEgean, together with many Towns on both fides the Continent at Totidaa, Sejios ^iAAbydos, Terinthus, ^Chalcedon, and "Byzantium itfelf, fecmed to aim at nothing lels than to be Sovereign Umpires of Greece. They had an old Grudge boiling in their Minds, which, tho' now and then laid afleep for a time, could never be thoroughly forgotten. For at the time of Xerxes's Invafion, it was agreed by the common Confent of all Greece, that as the Lacedamonians ihould have the fiiprcme Dircdliou of Affairs by Land, fo xhtAthe- i vians Pciiclcs »«- titcs I he A- tlieni.ini; a- gainjl the SpaiLins. *> Scutari. ■^ Conllanti- noplc. / :i ■ Bi" i'' ift as he was Chap.V. Di/Tolution of theKom. Empire. 6^ Mtant fliould command ac Sea ; but when Matters came to au Ex- tremity, the Lacediemonians would needs prcfide in both, or elfc, they pretended, ihcy would ad on their own bottom, and let eve- n./V mutual ry one fliift for thcmlelves. As this was not a time to contend, j'f'»/»«A", the Athenians, through the Prudence and Moderation of Them'tjio- ctesy fubmittcd for the publick Good without any Rcfiftance : But when the Fears of the Terjians were over, they readily enough laid hold of any Occafion for Difputc. This was more efpecially ob- fcrvablc after Tericles (who was fet up in Oppofirion to C'tmonJ came to the Management of Affairs, when under Colour of afTifting their Confederates, or one Pretence or other, there happened fre- quent Skirmiflies and Qiiarrels, wherein leveral fell on both fides. »nA s^^-trnU, The Lacedamoniaui accidentally meeting with a Squadron of y/- thenian Ships, engaged them, and came off Conquerors, when fooa after xh.c Athenians reinfoicing their Fleet, another Engagement en- (ucd, wherein they doubly repaid themfelves for their former Loft. There were not any Endeavours ufcd to compofe thclc Differences till fix and thirty Years after the Fight at Salamis, when a Truce ^ pe^a eon- of thirty Years (called the Peace oi EubeaJ was concluded be- '^''"'"^• twecn them, and fuch Places as had been taken were mutually re- ftorcd on both fides. Six Years after this Treaty a War broke out between the Athe- ^fftaamii,- nians and Samians, on account of Triene, a City of Ionia belong- '""'!» '*' A- ing to the Mikjiaffs. With thefe the Samians difputed it, and si^Jjo^ gaining a coufidcrabic Advantage over them, the mtlejians fent a Deputation ro Athens, with loud Complaints againd their Enemies; which would, neverthelefs, have had but little effej^ upon the Peo- ple, had they not been well fupported by Vericles, at the Inftiga- tion of Afpa/ia, a fair Miftrefs of his. This Lady was a Perlbn of Afpafia. very great Beauty, and of fuch extraordinary Wit and Eloquence as would not have ill become Men of the highcft Dignity in the Com- mon-Wealth, infomuch that on that account even the great Socra- tes was one of her Admirers ; and Tericles, himlclf an excellent Orator, is laid once to have pronounced to the People, as his own, a very fine funeral Oration, entirely of her compofing. She was a Native of Miletus, and ib cffedually fbllicited the Caufe of her Countrymen, that War was immediately denounced againft the Sa- Tericles proceeding towards Miletus with forty four Sail, Penck- hiatt ins *nd tnians. fell in with the Samian Fleet, coufifling of leventy, and gave them ''" ^'"' »/ an entire Defeat, purfuing them to the very Port ofSamos, which *'"°'* he entered after them, and laid ficge to the City. Receiving fbon after a confiderable Reinforcement from Athens, he left Part of the Fleet and Troops to carry on the Si^rge, and with fixty Gallics re- paired to a proper Station for mcetin » the *Phenicians, who he was informed were coming to their Rel ef When this great Detach- ment was made, the Perfon who commanded in Santos took the Advantage of ^Pericles his Ablence, and in a very foccefsfiil Sally funk or took feverai of the Athenian Ships, and rccoveted the Har- rhe Samianj bour ; fo that having an open Sea for fourteen Days, they import- 'fll\'",i^^['* ed all their neceffary Provifions. But Tericles returning with the n\Mshil$ *" K Fleet, '^m :i,s;, II I rU ■ \\t E'll I i! 's\ '1: t\ 66 N aval TranfaBions before the BookII. mm C Fleet, which was by this time aiiizmcntcd with forty Ships irom Athens-, and thirty fioin Chios and Lesbos., again invcltcd the Town by Sea and Land ; when ^hc Samians, encouraged by their former Succcis, nwtlc another Sally, but were repullcd with great Lois, ,.,(,,, and at length, iu the ninth Month of the Siege, ilirrendering the Place, they were obliged to deniolilb their Walls, deliver up their Shipping, pay a great Sum oi' Money to defray the Charge of the War, and to give Holhgcs for Performance of the Articles. Wc have before oblcrvcd that the Truce between the Athenians n'cL Alliens a»J LuccdatnoHtans was concluded for thirty Years, but their Ani cili Ir riHiu'tii en (.AllKlll'/ Viaih. anj Sp.li 1.1 luofitics grcw to liich a Height, as not to admit of lb long a De- lay from Adtion, li) that they committed frequent Depredations on one another, both by Sea and Land, and in lb hoOile a manner too, as that it wanted nothing but the Name of an open War. It was during the time of Cimon's Exile that theic things happened ; but when he was recalled, he brought Matters to an amicable Accom- modation between them. For although when he was obliged to iiibmit to the Odracilin, one of the things which carried the mod confiderablc Weight was, that in all his Dilcourlcs to the People he Icemed to be too great a Favourer of the Spartans, yet as he was a thorough honcft Man, a Lover of his Country, and very conllant in the Purliiit of his o\Kn Mcaiiircs, as loon as he returned toy/- thens, he perliiadcd the People (norvvithOanding all the Oppofitiou "Pericles could make) to maintain their Peace with Sparta \ which during his Life they inviobbly oblcrved; but nolboner was he dead, than they wcc prevailed ujx)n by the young and hot-headed Statcl- men who were then in the Adminiftration, to come to an open Rup- ture with them, wherein they mightily wcakcn'd each other with mu- tual Slaughters, and Ihcathed in their own Bowels thole Swords which had been lb oftai dyetl with the Blood of the Modes and 'Per/ians. This War was commonly reputed to have deduced its RiJe from the People oi'Cotiuth and '' Corcyra on this Occafion. The Corey- rdcans rclblving to chadife the hdiabitants of Epidamnusy (aftcr- c4/,„» nj thi wards called ''Dyrrachium, and now TJurazzo) a Colony of theirs '*'"■• who had thrown off their Allegiance, the Corinthians, on pretence of their being the original Founders of both Tcople, interpoicd in the Qiurrcl with a Naval Force. It confided of Icventy five Sail, and that of the Corcyraiuis of eighty, which meeting each other oil oi'AtHwn, wxEpirns, they came to an Engagement, wherein the Corinthians were defeated, with the Lois of fifteen Ships. Al- though, with rcliicdt to the Force which met on both fides, there was a confiderablc Slaughter, yet was not this Battel lb remarkable on that account, as for the iMacc it was fought in, and the Conlc- qucnces which cufiicd thercuiKin. For the fii^, becaule it was there tiMt Attgnjim, Ibinc Ages after, gained a fignal Vidtory at Sea over Anthony and Cleopatra, which confirmed to hitn the Dominion of tiic World : And for the latter, becaule it was generally fuppolcd to be the Grounds of, and furniilied the Pretence to tliat long and dan- gerous Qiiarrcl between the Athenians and Lacedaemonians, which IS cailcd the "PchponucjiM War, aiid is the Subjcdl of Thucydides'i Hiftory. i Totfii. lilt chief or ' C. I'lfi.il(i. 'I lit ('.iircyrx mis lif.ii the ( oillilli|,||ls at sVj. im •■J 1 1 Chap. VI. D/ffblittio?iofthvRom.E///pirc'. 67 Hillory. For rlic Corinthians, in onlcr to revenue ilic Dil^iacc tiny li.ul rcccivcil ac AHinm, liaviiii; gotten toj^crhcr a Hcvt of iiiucli i',icarcr Tone than the I'ormcr, the Corcyr^iins l)cgan to tear ii» Ciny. they (liotiltl not be ahle to cope with them alone, ami therelbrc icnc J;"-"'^')' •".'• '^ to the ///■/w//-. Ixi.tuliiit; oik unodirr, tlicic wjs in ImrciliNc (..•MiflifiDii anion;', ili(ni, and .i pid di'.'ioii. Sljn'liior on l)nili Siilcw. In (lie nio.ui inne iln' .ithi until \ tied tli('iitl('lv(". (( Hi.' .1 III I' ll I lip llllj It'll A'li' III / If I , tlKiiiKlvc'. lo .IS to Inppoir llic i .otcj/ifiim wlicrclocvi ■ (lny wcic (iMij'cd fo |',lvr way, lo far (oitli :t<. tlicii i.uc I'm Irn. , uoiilddo n ill uiiifyiiii', tlir -iiii (|ni( iIk I iiK- in ilii' ninioli Dilordrr, and |>niliird ilicm loilif l*niinonf(»iy r//''//;/(7///w/, where tlicy ran ilicin uOiorc, 'I in Cnnnrhhitix »,iluii^' ilic Ailvaiit,Y,c of rlic AJtlrnu; ol,ili(j|( .SSipi iliai f(»llip\vM llicCliacr, Imnicdi.iiily .iti.iikcd ilic Cintic ol rlic (jitrw^.iin, iind with very |>nod Sniccl^ when the /■Ithmiiiih now finding* I licin picll hard, |iri|Mirdio allill ilieiii, yd iini lo j', llicy inii.',lii Iccni ihr Af%»rcllors ; hiir ai Icn^'.i'* '1'^' f'"^ryra'4tf.f he lakiii},', ihriiili.ivr'* ro llli'Jii, I he doriuthidiis lollowcd ihciu very ilolc, and took Irveinl oi ih/////* loll thirty; and (>ie;ii Niiinhirsol Men wire Haiti on lioih Sides, whni at h nmh the Nl^llt rt 111^; thrill, lelt the Vii''lory donhiinl Some I loins at'icr the . „/. I. /.-.' ll r / ..in l*i|'lii, the IT ariivcd a Sipiadfon o| ihiiiy Ci.illir'. Iioni .lihitit to re niloiie the loMiier ten, whiili eneoiiia^',in^ the Cokm tftinx, ilicy \»rn( oil to Sea next Morninu, and ollired the (.'unmhiaus lluttel. 'I'liey kiiowiii|^', of the Ainval fif'ihc tltlwuntut, kept their Station, K'lolvin^ not to (oine to un l''.iii^a^emeiii, if ihry cc.iilij pollibly avoUl ll, hill dilj>at(.hed a Mell'cn^er ro the /Ulwntm Admirals, (not aieonipanied with a Herald, hecaiile ihcy would ii«ii leciii lo treat them as I'liiemies) mildly to cxpolhilaie with them on the liijiirici they lud reecived, aiitl know tlte Uealoii of their Viojatiun ol ilic 'I'liicc. The .ithciiiaiix rej)licd that they had not done ihcm any lii|niy, nor I'oiild pollihiy he acciilcd of lnf'rn«?lioti of the I reaty <>ii then Side I that they did not eomc thitlur Willi an hoDilc IXfii^n a|',aiiill them, bur only to defend iluirConledcrate'i; and thai if liiey would po to my other Plaie than (.'orrypri, or a^.iinll any oihci Pro pir rhiii the <'iitrvr,r/)Mr, iliey Ihonid hy iit» mean', he ihcir Hiii iliaiiii "Ihe <.'onnf/)f(t».f having', teccived the* AiiKmi, nniiieiil aicly put iluiiilelveh ma lalhniJ; Pollute, aiidpalluiK pieiiy near tlic <.an) In i'! f' CuAi' VI. Dilfolntiov of I hc\'ll of'thf'ir VV.iy lionu' On iluir Annv.il , .,.„,,,, (line, \\\(' domithiiuit, l)y flitii Miiiillcrs in all ilir ( iiirs oT (»>, r, /•, iiiiulc l<»'ul I'oiiiplalmi of tins McliavKnii <»r the Athcntntisx .iiul .ii l,(irrti,rm<)ny wiilioiii any lon^ canvalFing rhc tiiatrrr, ilicy i nnc lo a KelnlniiHii iliar rlic Tincc Wiis Imikc, and that W.n IIumiM hr dr ticnl n^.iinll Ailnnsy which was a« i*()rain(l ,\W/»»o.ras /lj^/$Mrmnou \\m\ in ten Yeatsagalnfl '/'roy ll'to ihelNni- hUi'f «jiidl of Sttmox they (.DfiHfht what woiilt l.iheriicsot all (irnur would l>c tratnplcnor.mi how very intent the /tthi'ttiiiHs were at this time III .idvaiit ini» their Nav.il Affairs to a yc! ^re.iiir Meii'lit ; lor if atty (onfiderablf IVrlon liip|'ened to fill under ihe(.\n(nie ot the Vwn- li(k for any Mildemcaiioiir, or olhcrwili-, the I'linilhment now al- iii'.ncd fox it was, that he (houhl bnild a (i.dly tor the St.uc at his own I'har^e, or two, aeioidiii)', to the I'ix iiniilanies hi by the Aornion of the (jncyttfrmt^ who, nexr the (jiriHthhntx, were mod eonf)dera!>le ar Sen, the Athcnmn Naval Cower wonM receive it'n lad llaiie too liilly compleat for thetn ever tt> (ope with linrallcr, if they did not now attempt it. Indeed '/Vr/r/n and the IVopIc nt //fhrHx was equally loud of this (onfedcracy with <.'or- ryra, hut with very different Views The People out of a vain No- tion of adding it to their other Ai(piifitions, and by thar ine.ms of ixfemllnf^; their Compiens to f.Wr^Ar IIS Niival Kone, and its convenient Siinatioti lor pn>leciitinv', his l)rfi)'iis ill the 'i^tfhponHffMH War, wherein he was lo jleeply en- v.H'.cd IhUH 'iirri't' M ('■ rl r f 'I he Pc)opnn licli.iiib in- va,U Aaica. 7 o Naval TranfaEiions lefore the Book II. rur of ire Tluis, accoi ding to ThiicyJides, fifty Years after the 'Perfian War, 'l'""'ch!ri and fourteen after titc Treaty of Euotrat broke out t\\c'Felof>onue r-<)" ' '' \A'''" ^•*'' between Athens and Lacedamoiiy wherein, on one Side of t>'i """ or other, ahnoft all the reft oi Greece was engaged. With x\\q La- («g j; Konif, ^^,^^f„Q„jaus cnter'd into Alliance all the People oi Tcloponnefiis^ rhAiiefer except the y^Mj/'wj- and the Ac hearts, who ftood Neuter; though, Atiu-ns rt«,i amoiigft thcic latter, 'Pcllene declared for them in the beginning, and the rcrt came in afterwards; and without the IJihmtts, the Me- gareaus, Thociatis, Locrians, Bceotiatis, Ambraciots, LcucadiatiSy and AiiaclorLifiSt who were each to contribute their Qiiota, Ibme of Horic, and limine of Foot, and Ibnie of Ihipping, of which they propolcd to have five hundred Sail, befides what they could procure out of Itiily ami Sicily. On the Athcnian\ Side were the Cbians, Lesbians aiul 'Platicans, the Mejfcnians of NaupafiuSy moft of the Acnrnanians, with the Conyraans and Zacjnthians; as alio the maritime People of Carta, thofc ot 'Doris, Ionia, Hellejpontus and Thrace, and in general of all the Iflands of the /Egean, except Melcs and Thcra. Of thele the Cbians, Lesbians and Corcyraans furniihed Ihipping, the reft Land Forces and Money. The Peloponnejians, on an appointed Day, came to their general Rendezvous in the IJlhmus of Corinth, from whence, under the Condudl of Archidamus, King of Sfarta, they made an Irruption into Attica, and harafling the Country for that Campaign, at length retired into their Winter Quarters. In the mean time the Atheni- ans lent out a Fleet of a hundred Sail under the Command of three Admirals, who coafting about to the Weft oi'Pelofonnefm, were there join'd by the Corcyraan Fleet, confiftiug of fifty Gallics, and with their united Forces making a Defcent in Elis, laid that Pro- vince waftc; while another Squadron of thirty Ships ravaged other maritime Place?, plundered Thronium and Solion, two Corinthian Towns, and took the City AJfa^us, together with the Illand Ce- fhalenia. On their return to Athens the People lolemniz'd the Fu- nerals of thole who we.-* firft flain in this War, and Pericles was made choice of to celebrate their Memory in an Oration iiiitable to theOccafion. He, when y/rf/^/^/izw^^f was the next Summer again ;»i'i'j«dx-'' fallen into Attica, with a Fleet of a hundred Sail paflcd over to Epidaurm, and Ipoil'd the adjacent Country, when repairing to Troezeit, Helias and Hermione, he did the fame, and then returned to Athens, by that time . Enemy had quitted the Frontiers. At Sea this Summer the Lacedamonians made an Attempt on the Ifland Zacynthus, (the modern Zant) where landing, they ra- vaged the Coafts and repaired home ; and a Squadron, of twenty Sail oi Athenian Gallies, under the Cor. tnard of Phormio, was fent to cruize in the Sinus Criffaiis, (now the Gulph of Lepanto) to in- tercept all Ships going to, or coming from Corinth. Six Gallie? were al;o lent over to Curia and Lycia, to fetch Money from the Confederate Cities there; but Melefander, the Commander in chief, lauLiiiigin aPortcf£varf, which was in the contrary Intereft, was flam by ihe PcopI;., with a confidcrable Number of his AitendantSi; aiiu thoic oi' Poiidica, who, at tlie luftigation of the Corinthians^ bad rhc Ailicni- aiis hiirmjs t'he Ci-.i/ls of liit.'ia, M mdriMiis .i/i.i Ailiciii.UiS Book II. ^| Chap. VI. Di//oIiUhnofthe]^om>Lj//pirc. 71 had revolted from the At he mtiHS at the '>cgiiining ot tLcWa.r, were ^^" I'onH.i.- now, after a long Siege, reduced to their Obedience. iyU'/Au.l The third Year the 'PeiopoHttifitns forbore to enter Attica^ inak- mum. ing Beotia the Scat of the War ; and Ctumust the Corinthiau Ani- miral, came to ar Engagement with 'Phortnio near the Mouth of the Criff^au Gulpb. His Stjuadron conOfted, as wc have laid, of twenty Sail, and that of the C&rinihtaHs of forty Icvcn ; Init the Athenian ViiiouT prevailed over their Enemy's Nuaibcrs, v*ho hay- ;/« Aihrri- iiig had twelve Gallics funk in the Fight, made au ignominious Re- *"" "'•" '*' treat to Tafra and 'DymCf two 'Ports o^ Achaia. The 'Vehfon- atu*,^^"^* nefians blamed their Admiral?, in that they had not taken due Care for the Dilpolal of their Fleet, but placed thole who \^•erc leaft ac- quainted with Sea AlTairs ag.iinft the Atheniaasi and to rr ■ liti their loft Credit, they reinrorced their Fleet with a ftiong ^ .ron, of of which 'Phormio having notice, he fent likcwilc t^ AihsKs for more Ships and iMen, without which he could not ho|>c for Suc- cefs. They accordingly dilpatched to him twenty Sail, wjrb Or- ders to repair to Crete againll the People oiCydoniay where having executed his hiftrudtioiis, and dcrtroycd the adjacent Country, be returned to his former Station near the Mouth of the Gulph of CrijUa, where meeting with the Tchfonitcjian Fleet of levcnty le- vcn Sail, they joined liartcl ; but being not able to wirhftand the great Superiority ot the Enemy, they were defeated, and forced to *•onti('fiiiHs (inding they had taken the Alarm, returned to A//. f,t'a, as the /Itbctiians loon alter did tnTo teus, where they crcdcd loinc new Kortilications, and had it better Iccurcd againll the Sut> pri/.e ol" an Knenty. ih I'cir.pdn •'» fl>t" l<>iiith V car of this War j^rchidamus with the TcloPonnt. iiiiiiis /-,f.it (inn Army a^ain broke into Attica \ and all the llland of Lesbos, """ '^'"'•' except Mclhymna, declared lor the Lacedamonians. To punilli this Treachery the /Ithcmans dilpatched a conlldcrabic Fleet under the Command oi (.'Icippidcs, on whole Arrival hd'oxc MitjleHc, the Capital of that llland, the Townlinen made two Sallies, wherein they were rcpulled with l.ols, and (UcippiJis laid dole Hcge to the Place: Mean while a flrong Squadron under VVjo/w/o ravaged the Coaft of Lacomtty and thence repairing to Acarnania, pluiujcrcd ()l',mns. In the beginning of the fi.th Year the Lacedamontans •, with their Allies, under the iZowAwiXoVPauJ'an'taSy the Son oi^Piijhnax entered Atticti with Fire and Sword, burning and dcllroying the Fruits of the Katth, and whatlbcver they had left untouched in their Ibrmer Incurfions, inlbmuch that they were thcmlclvcs obliged to quit the Country for want of Provifions, being dilappointcd of the MiiyUijc f,t- Supplies they cxoedtcd from Lesbos. There tnc Athenians had by this time Iti/.ed mitylcnc^ put to Death moll of the Inhabitants, ra- zed their Walls, taken away their Shipping, and totally liibdurd the llland. 7'hc People in Ptafo'a, worn our. by a long Siege, liirrcn- dered themlelves to the Laccdamonians at Dilcretion, two hundred of whom they put to Death, iiiul all the Athenians among them were lold into Slavery, and the Town iricif given for one Year as an Habitation to liich Mc^areans as had been expelled their City by Fadion, alter which it was razed to the rjround, and the Land let to Farm. While thclc tilings were doing at HHataa^ there happen- ed a great Sedition in (.'orcyray whither at one and the lame time were invited both the Afhrnia/i and 'Pcleponncfian Fleets, the Com innns clpoufing the Interell of the former, anil the chief Men that of the latter. The two Patties had Icveral bloody Dilputes within the City, and with various Succels, wwul NicoJ/ratusy who lay with twelve Athenian Gallics at Nanpatlusy upon Notice of the Diftur- bance, timely arrived to the Aflillancc of the Commons, and rcilu ccd the Power of the Nobility. Soon after came the Pelopon- itcjian Fleet, confilling of fifty Sail, under the Command of Aid das, with which the iwclvc Athenian (iailies before mention'd, anil thole of the i'.orcyraans had Icveral liidden and tumultuary Skir- midies ; but Aflairs had loon turned again in lavour of the Nobility, had not Eurymedony the Athenian Admiral, arrived with a Fleet of fixty Sail to liipporc the ''Plebeians. Alcidas, fearing the Superio- rity of the Atheniansy Jic with great Dexterity and uilpatch con- ycycJ Ailiciii.iii'- I.I- 7/>i/r I,. I oiil.l. I ..ICCll.VIIKI IIHIH IHfilft Ahum. r.ril iv tilt '\ llicrii.iiis. ri.il.r.l /d''- («//! /ll lilt I ..\ci'(l;riiii)- fU.lU'.. si II tm fill I HI Sf .1 lirl ucen ihf I'rliipiiil- nrli.iiii iin.t AtllCllMlls. V.|!,jl BookII. ■Chap.VI DifolNtioNofthcRonr/'M/phr. 7^ cacons (ircd l)y rhetiia/is of the cir (iillics, re Itcicnt Garriloi) vis i when the returned to Ni- :rc ihcy crcdcd igainlt the vSur- the Telofonnc- Iknii of Lesbos^ IS. To punilli ibic Fleet uiida •c Mityle/ic, the Sallies, wherein ;lo(c ficge to the "fftio rava};cil the uifiia, pluiulercd amouians, with Jon of TIiJIoHtix i dcrtroyinj; the itouchcd in thcit (elves obliged to appointed of the UbcMians had by : Inhabitants, fa- tally lubducil the ig Siege, liirrcn- on, two hundred iHS atnong them If one Year as an cd their City by and the Land let a, there happen- id the lame time Fleets, the Com chief Men that Dilputes within us J who lay with cc of the Diftui- mons, and rcilu nc the ^Pelopon- jmtnand of /*/"• |cmcntion'd, anil tumultuary Skit- Ir of the Nobility, jl with a Fleet of ring the Supcrio- ] id Dilpatch ton- vcycJ vcycti his (i.iliiLS over the narrow I/f/jM/ts ni' /,rt/i,i.f , to prcvc-ni nrctiiii; tl'P l',iiciM\'s Meet, wliult he had Advice was thrin loin- iin> al>i>iir ilir 7 ''->/.'///<'/// fiio^v rlic lllaud Sx.Miiim-i to i;ivi' liiiii liii'tcl, and rcpiiici! Ininleit by F and lo i'l'lnponin fiis Tin: Cony tted'i Nobiliry thus al)aiiil(>ncd by lUcL'tcivLrwo/iirinx, were cx[)() In) tf) tlicFmy olihc C'()niiin)ii><, wlio coniniittcti a iniriilcis Slaugh ■' '"" icr aniong tlicin, and |)r)lliirfil with their MIood even ibc I'emiilcs , 1,''^'^''^.'' wlurc rlicy bad taken Sdiidiiary, lUnymcfioii having thus lettlcd rliiin 111 ilie (iovemmcnl, repaired on boarti the Fleer, and left tlic lllaiiil, afur whole Departure Inch of the Nol>les as bail made their |',K ape lei/.eil on the Forts bcloii^^ing to (.'orryniy on the Continent vi /■./'init, and l'rei|ncntly eroding the Sirei^^lit, coininitted Dcprc- daiioiis in tlic IllamI with tveat Sntcels, and at length being not able, alter a long Soiheiration by their Agents Axl^ucrdd'tnoii and do- ntith, to obtain any Allill nice Iroin thciue, they innllcrcd up all ilicir I'oree, and nitli linne auxiliary Soldiers palling over inio the llland, on tliew landing let (ire to their IJoats, and polH (fed them (elves of the Hill llloiii\ winch they (brtilieil, and from tlienec made (requent Ineiirnons on the Commons, iintill in the leventli \'ear ol the War /'.'«/ y»Av/«M lomiiig over frouj "I'ylus., befiegcd and look tbein Piiloners, and delivcrctl them to the People, wno bar- b.irmidy imirtbered them to a Man. I'lie latter end of this Summer \\\z Atbcmans lent a Fleet of twenty Men of War, commanded by l,achcs, to Sicily, luuler Pre- teiiee u\ aiding the People ol Lt'ontmm againll the Syracujcins, but III reality to prevent the 'Pcloponncfians receiving Supplies of Corn and otiicr I'rovifions from thence, and, if poHible, to obtain thcDo- initiion of that Kland. Upon their Arrival, by the AfTillancc of the People of Rhci^/u/n, on rhc oppofite Shores of It/tiy, they made a Delecnt upon the /lioltan Idands, (now thole of Lipari) which "" Ailuiu- wcrc in Conlederaey with Syractifi; and ravaging (iich of thciu as ^/,|y,'"J''''„'' were inliabited, returned to Rhenium it,, ,i„iuii Ihe nexr Campaign the Tvloponncjians intended to open with '/'•""'• l()Mie notable Kxploit in Attica, but were deterred from entering the Country by the frequent Karrliquakes which rlien happened ilicrc: Mean while the /Ithcnians (ittetl our two ftiong Squadions, one ol ' '' Aiiirm thirty Sail, under the Commaiiil o^'Dcmojlhcm's, to cruilc about 7 V "'; ''' "" lopniinvfUs, and infcll theCoads, the other of (i\ry. coininanded by ,/,,„,, !,!,/./. Nictas, to reduce the Ifland ^Mc/os; which n )i bin g able lo clJedf, a/'/-/''^/ " rlicy (poiled the Country, and repaired to the Coall of /hfotia ; }[|'"i""""' where landing, they defeated rhc People of faut/^r/i in an Fngage- ,, j^j,: , nam alhore, and then ravaged tlie Coalls ol the /.orti Opmitiiy tlicir next Neighbours. In Sictly, this Summer, the Athenians be- iii^, by an uiiexpeded AlTaulc of the Fncmy, torccil from llimcra, repaired a lecoiul rime to the Aiolum lHands, where they found ^Py- tlmdoiiis arrived irom /It hens with a few Ships, cxj)eding to bo lollowed in a (hort time with a I'lcct of fixry Sail, under the Com iii.iiid of Sophocles and Emymedoii. I The i-t.'T'"''' III :h. , 1 il :t • '5, A . 'Mo t.'./v Ai II ill. I, •■• N'lv.uiro, 'Iht Aih lu- ll;,* /i;-t' I'y l.accuivimi n;an ships, 74 N/fVjlTninf/rtfiom kforc tbc Book II. The Icviiith Year of the War, the U*i'topnnnrJi,ius hcc^au, nccord- In^ ro Culhuii, with an Irruption imo /ft tka, uiulcr the CoruJiR't ot y /(,'/-f. the Son of ylrchidamiis. In Sicily the Campaign opened ,iv/.M/.,\U'i with rhe takini; of Affjfiinrt, then in the /tt/nfiian Inrcrcft, by a uii,i(«>k:i«' S(.|uail'Oii of rcn Ciallics oi Syraci/fi; and as many of the Locn E piz,ct>h\r'ih in Itiih, their Allies, llurywvdon an*l Sophocles beiiii; tletaincil liy lontrary Winds on the Coall of '"Peloponnejits., liir- pn/.cd A.\\i\ Ihrtificcl ' •Pylits, a Town o\' Mt'lfenia, that lay very op- portiiiicly lor iiiUhii^^ liic Kionticrs of Laconia, and left 'DemoJIht. lies with a Sqn.ulron of five Sad to cruile thereabouts for the Secu- rity of the Place, and Annoyance of the Kncniy. Th^ Li Myfiay o|>poritc to that Ifland, uudcr the Mountain and Korcll of ///rf, which artbrdini; excellent Materials for Shipping, they rclolvcil ro fit out a Fleet there to annoy the iHand, from whence they had been expelled by theyfthenianj. They in the mean time mcdirat- ini;; greater Matters, with a Hect of fixty Sail, commanded by Xi- ei'is, made a Delccnt on the Idand CytberM, (now Ccri^^o) lying v(\ LMCOHia, and ccrried Scandea at the firfl Affault. Then taking (.yrhera^ the chief 'I'own, they tranijx)rtcd its Inhabitants ellewhcre, and leaving good Garrilbns in both Places, palTed over to /Irti^ia, where they burnt and dcftroycd the Country about yffitte and llc- lias, and from thence procccdinc to Troezcn and Epidaupus, did the like there, By Land, x.\\q Athenians failed in an Attempt on Me^ara, but rurpri/.cd Nijda, the Sea Port of that Place, which was alio the chief Arlcnal of the LaeeddtnitiiaHs ; but loon after loft it to Brttfidas the Spartan General. About the lame time 'I^emodoc us it\d Ari/Iides, who commanded a Squadron in the Helle/pont, defeated the Lesbian Exiles, and took ytntattdrns. Lamachus^ who was joined in CommiHion with the two former, going with a Squadron of ten Sail to Heracka^ on the Euxiney and unadvilcdiy entering the Calex, which there tails into the Sea, the Ships were all liink in th<. iVlouth of that River by the Impctuofity of the Current, but moft of the Men Caved, with whom he repaired over- land to Chatccdon. TJ.:c Misfortune to thcjithc' nian Afl^airs was followed by Icveral others ( for in Baeotia ainaoft all thole under the Command of liipftcrates were, together with their General, Hain at 'Delium^ a Town on the ConfitKS of Attica. The Forces alio commarukd by 'DetnoJiheneSy which had made a Dciccut near Sicyon^ were forced to their Ships with confidcrable Lois : And at the lame rime Brafidas had jhnpiufolis in Macedonia liirrcndercd to him, a Town belonging to the Athenians in tholt Parrs, The Cities alio about the Mountain Athos revolted from them to the 'Pebponnefianst particularly Tljyffd,, Cleoue^ Acrukou and Olophyxns \ as did alio icvcral of the People of Greftoniay Bi^ zaltia and Eidonia ; and as Brafidas alio took Torone by Trea- chery, and Lecythus by Storm, lb Scione opened her Gates to him. * The Athenians began the ninth Year with a publick Decree for the Rcdudlion of Scioncy and fitted out a Fleet for that Purpolc, when loon after came Advice that Mendcy a Town in the 'Penin/Ula of 'Pellene, had revolted to the Lacedatnonians ; whereupon a Fleet of fifty Sail was fent out under the Command ofNicias and Nico- Jlratus, who loon taking Mende., put to Death the Authors of the Revolt ; and Scione was alfo, after a Ihort Siege, liirrendered to them. The teni i Year of this War C7ieo», who commanded in chief for the Athenian.', upon Advice that Brafidas had left Torone but flen- derly garrilbnnci, repaired with a Squadron to the Port oi Colophony near that Place, and thence having detached ten Sail to Torone^ with Orders to feizc the Haven, and ufc their bell Endeavours to L % enter till l-.xiln of l,L>ll<11 ,IK.t ioriti()n, ami opening their (iates to their I' cilow- Soldiers, pic- (cntly rcndcrctl ihemlelvcs Mailers of tiic Town, uukiiig the Wo- men and Children Slaves, and currying the Men Priioncrs to ////;/■'/.(. The ill SiKccIs oi' the Lnccdd'mnntans at Tytiis, together with the I.ols in flic Illaiid dytlnra, and other Misfortunes, had lb broken their S|)iriis, ti/ir they became very defirons of a Peace, to which the Alhviiiiiits wcc now the more dilpolcd, that they might be at leiliirc to prolciiif: their Defigns upon Snily. A Peace was ac- cordingly (oncluded between tncm foi fifty Years, in the Ncgntia lion wluriof A'/Vvz/.r h.uiiig hail ,\ piincipal Hand, it was called the Nica'tiH \'<:,Ki:. '\'\\<: iMCi'tLvMotiiaiis, in a Treaty t(>r a CefTation ol Arms pichmiiiary thereto, conleiitcd to an Article that it Ihoiild jior be lawful f()r them to make tile of any Ship of War on ..oy Occafion whatlocvcr, but Ihould (miIv lail in Merchant Shijis and thole too of a very linall ikirthen ; which was a Condition the nioll nriLiiiiiiL' all Pictcufions that way, but incrcalcd their Repiiration to ''•' "'•/'■'"" "■".V"'.'-) 1 «■ I ,• 1 €■ '..II / . <>""/'""« III a inodi^ious Degree by tiic Snrrciulcr ot the Spartans at I yliis. It //,( s,.,. was rcnKiiibcr'd that AxThvrmopyltv \Uiicci\t\K Laav/a'MOfi/atis were beaten iiiid mt to pietcs, to a Man, by the "Perjians ; bur the A ihciiiivis were ilic only reo|)lc upon Karth to whom they had dcli- vcieil lip then Arms, linrcnder'd their Perlons, and received I'cace lioin, on dilliononrablc anil i^iir)inini(>us Terms. The lame ol" ilicic things, and Ttnor ol the Atbeman Name, loon palled into //c()j)lc, and he hciiif; violc-iiily inclitied to ihii Mxpcditioii as well as tlicnilclvcs, hy an Oration he made on the Suhjcd^ let them lo on (ire that there was no room letk tor them to hearken in the lead ,i„io lo the wliollomc Ki\\iWc ii( Nicias: And accordingly the War was ''' /" ' rehdved on. 'I Ik* Management ol' it was lommitted to three (ic ncral'., /tlnhi'idn the I'roinoter oi it, Niaat who was againfl il, and l.immhitu «>ne oJ rhe mofl tonfHJerablc men ol' the City, in /1Uthmdex\ Inicrcli A Meet of a hnndrcd and thirty Sail wa^ iin ihcdiatcly fiitctl onr, lo magniruenrly fnrmlhcd both l>y the I'nh luk, and flic idpcdlivc Ofliccrs, that rlicy IccmnI rather going tore- li'hratc a 'rriiiiii|)li ihan to meet an Kncniy -. And their l.cvieN as well lor S(M as I anil were i|iiickly completed, lioih young and old cioiul- ing 10 he ctiioll'd ill tins Service. In the mciin time the lohcrcr lort ofC'iti/.ens prayr-' indeed lor id Sno'ls, luit were m pain lor the Kvcnt, and Icen. d ;o lorchodc it wotiM have no good one, lendifig heavy ('nrfi-» ut /lU'ibiadcs liir lacrifiiing (as they laid) his Country to his own luxury and Am bition; and as lor the 0>r<7«» Cities, their Conlcdcrates, rluy look- ed on It moieas an Ollentaiion of their Kielics, and what they wcic ablc to do, than a real Dcfigii ngami) an F.ncmy. Ir was now the Icventernth V ear fince the iJeginiiing of the ^Pt lopoHHffiHH War, when all thiiigH being in rradincis, ami the 1 ron|>i rmbaikcil, to the Nmiibcr of nvc thonliiiid, the Fleet made Sail loi ' '"' dvytyra, where airiving, ihcy lound the auxiliary licet ready to join litem, lonfiliing of above- tw htmtlred Shi|>s. In the mean time the News ol ilieic I'rcparatioiifi having reachcl Sicily, ir was varimifly received, loine entirely disbelieving it, and looking on It only as a State I'riik of the NonlcH to terrily and a- iiiiilc the People, cilicrn that it was a thing imt improba[>le, and as II was very pollililc, niighi by no meanH to be negleiUcd, llrrtnii imfit, a Man of girat Abilities, and one of the fnl) Kank In Syra- (ii/i*, having at leiif'ili cntaiii Advice of ihc irnth of it, coinmiini latctl the iiutrrr to un Allcnibly of the People, nndadvilcd them to lay afiiie llien Aiiiiiinliiies, ami heaiiily unite in delence of rhcl'iih- lick, at the Iuiik* tunc (xluirtmg them not to be |ki('h( iiCions ot the K.nemy, lifir that it very rarely hap- prrird tlur liu h iiuiiKrons Iomcs, at lo great nilUncc from liomc, imi with SiKttIs, Utt, on ih<* conrrary, generally came to a dili Ilioiisl'iul rhen enlarging' m their own Sticngrh an«l Power, he put ihein III mUKl ol wha: i.Cy might ex|vdt from orheroiiiHniy to crnDi 11. 'Mh* Athi'HuiH llrri hati by this iJme cioflTcd ihe Jr 0'/Y77r/« ()rl^(ll.ll, ilu-y '' ■'"' lalc o CiMiriilciMliuii was, wlirrc ilu-y (lioiild make itieir Drlienr; Itiir in iJ„',. iliai tlicy (oiild nor come lo a Dcicnnination, 'lill ilu* Kelnrn ol ilic S!ii|)i iliey hid dcUilied hclore fliciii Iroin doto/tti lo ilie t'lf^i-- IImh\, ulioiii iIk; Money ihole People had en).'ai',(tl lo piovide for I'.iynieiii o| the Army, moll ol wlmhC'harj'e wasio be del'raved hy ilici!! i'lulc ShipH hroiii'jii Advice ihai i here was not any Money pinvidcil, nor wereihe l'oo|>le in a I'apaciry ro raile any, or torn ly Willi ilir le.ill Part o| ihen Kii^'.'H'''"'""''' li;»vhi|,', impoled on the ,/,, |,^,,.(i liiiillt'i'i ihi' /Itlu'iiittus h.id helorc jeiii to neat wiih tliem, hy ma f.iii m ,i. km|', a J.ille Shew of their Wealth, aitilicially expofiiip, to ihtir view the KuIk's ot fheii I Viiiples, aixl Plate hoirosv'rl hom the neij'li hi)iiriiif', Cities. On the Kiihes ot tlieic People they had lo mmli dc|»eiiiled, that this Ncwscanled amii'hty C'oiiilcriurion amon^»ihein, and the (ienerals now taking', into C'onfideiation the prediir Srare ol AKiiirs, NicMt was o[ Opinion that the whole llecr Ihoiihj repair Inward \riitm.\\ «^»ain(^ wliiih rhey were chiefly Iii lorfh, and if t\\c hltn^ffUnx woiiltl iiirmlli them wirh Money, acconliiii» lo the A- •reeiiicnr,ihal then they Ihoiilddehlviateon their rmilicr IMocefdin^s, If not, they ilercrmmctlloieijnlrcMainteiiaiue lor fhcfixty (iailies which were liire"' lioiiic w iiliniii liaviiii' peifiHinc*! any thiii^ luitahle to the i>rearnels ol the Piepiraiioiis •, thai \v thniifjii n thcrelore hell tit found ihc Minds of the Shuli^ and folk lie ihciii to revolt from the ,\\niiu /•lilt, which il they could not iMvvail with them lo do hy fan means to loice them to it hy toni ; that they Ihonid make ihoiiC of lomc well (oriilied Town to land the 'I'loops at, with a Harhoiir li»i ilie KeiTptinn and Socmity of rhe llett ; hiir if no liich khiM he liMiiid III ilir Hands of rlieir Irunds, that ihey flionld fii/eon littnc one, eillxr hy force or liand, where they nm»ht leiiirely view I he Siiiiaiion of All airs, anil take then' Mealiiies acioidmj'Jy As lor i 'i""' IhihiiuIiux, he atlviled, that they (lioiild ^o diretMly lo Syrttcitjt ilic Capital dry, while the Troops wne yet Itelli and vi^^'oioiis, and the I'lople there iiiuler innllnnaftoii i fin- that an Army was al- ways inoll reirihie hclore thf Mnrtuy retolletUcd their Spirits, and iii.iile the thi .Ai.l of -ivia- .•il!c des's Dcfign, and endeavour to bring over fome of the Sicilian Ci- ties to their Party : Mean while the Syracufans appointed three Ge- nerals for the management of the War, Hermocrates., Sicanm^ and Heraclides, who with all expedition had got together an Army, and received into Confederacy with them the People of Himera^ Mcffana^ Selinus^ the Geloi^ and moft of the Siciiit. One of the Athenian Admirals continued with a ftrong Squadron near Rbegium^ to influence thole Parts, while the other two repair- ed with fixty Sail towards tlTy^v/f?//?, detaching ten Ships before them into the Haven of that City, to give notice to the Lcontines rcfi- ding there of their Arrival to fettle the Affairs of Leontium^ which had, almoft ever fincc the fbremcntioned Treaty, been at ill terms with Syracufe. The Fleet coming off" Ctf^^awtf, Akibiades, partly by perluafioii, and partly by force, brought the People of that place to embrace the Athenian Intereft, but failed in his Attempts to do the like with thole of Meffaiia, and other Cities thereabouts; whereupon the Squadron being recalled from Rbegium came into the Harbour of Catatta, where a Camp was alio formed on Ihorc. Now arrived a Gaily from Athenf, with Orders from the State for Alcibiades to repair home, and take his Trial for the Crimes he was charged with, of having prophaned the Myfteries of Ceres and Troferpine^ and been concerned in defacing the Statues of Mer- cury throughout the City. He, whether apprehenfive of the Power of his Enemies, or really confcious of his Guilt, fled firft to Italy^ and thence to Tekponnefusy where receiving Letters of fate Con- dud from Sparta, he repaired thither, and was taken into great Truft and Friendlhip, afl~uring them that he would make them amends by his future Services for all the Mifchicf he had done them whilft he was their Enemy. His Advice to them was firft to lend Succours to the Syracufansy iccondly to come to an open Rupture with the Athenians, and thirdly to fortify T^ecelea, a Town in Attica, and place a ftrong Garrilbn in it, which by rcalbnof its near Neighbour- hood to Athens would extremely annoy that City. Lamachus and Nicias now dividing the Fleer into two Squadrons, took a different Courlc about the Ifland o( Sicily, Ibliciting the ma- ritime Cities to take part with them, which having prevailed with fbmc of them to do, and received Supplies of Men and Provifions, they rcaflerabled their whole Force to undertake the Siege of Syra- cufe, in order whereto they repaired firft to Thapftts, a Peninfula [ within few Miles of that place, from whence the Land Forces march- ed to Epipolte, an Eminence that overlook'd the City of Syracufe, which they fortified with very ftrong Lines, to cut off" the Commu- nication of the Place on the Land Side ; not but that the Syracu- fans, to interrupt the Works, made frequent Sallies, in one of which Lamachus was killed. The ible Command was now devol- ved upon Nicias, when Gylippus, whom the Lacedtemonians had lent at the head of a confiderabic Force to aid the Syracufans, arri- ved in Sicily, and landing at Himera, there haled his Gallics afliore, and marched over land to Syracufe ; but before he reached the place Confilus, the Corinthian Admiral, who was lent on tiic lame Er- rand- Chap. VII. Di/folutlon of the Rom. Empire. 8i rand, wasalrcaJy arrived, and encouraged theTownfmen ro a vigo- rous dctcncc, and not to hearken to an accommodatiou. By the Ac- ccflion of all this force the Enemy became greatly fuperior, and therefore there were dilpatchcd to Nicias ten Ships with a confide- rabie Sum of Money, and two other Perlbns were join'd in Com- mifllon with him, in the room oi Alcibiades and Lamachus. Thefe were Eurymedon and 'Demojihenesy the latter of whom was firft fent out on the Coaftof Laconia with a Fleet of fixty Sail. By the Perluafions of Gylippus the Spartan^ Conjilus the Corin- thian, and Htrmocrates their own General, the Syracnfans were prevailed with to try their Fortune on the (alt Water. That City is r*', situamn fituate on a Neck of Land jutting into the Sea, of which it takes ''/^y*'^"'^- up the whole Space, and the Laud about it lies fo as to form two Havens on the North and South Sides thereof, of which the latter is the great one, and the former the lels. In the Bottom of the great Haven lay the Athenian Fleet, and in the fame, but under the Protedion of the Town, the Syratufuns had thirty five Gallies, ha- ving a much greater Number in the little Haven on the other Side, where was their Aricnal. The Entrance of the great Haven was very narrow, and the Athenians having poflefTed themfelves of the Promontory of T iemmytium, which guarded the Paflage, the Sy- racnfans '.vcre at a lofs how to bring in their Gallies from the other Haven. They nevcrthelcls refolved to attempt it, and the two Fleets came to a iharp Engagement in the Mouth of the Haven, wherein the Athenians beginning to give way, the Syracnfans croudcd in fo fall, and in fuch Dilbrder, that they fell foul of one another, in which Confufion the Athenians again attacked, and to- ihe Suracu- tally routed them, finking eleven of their Gallies. During the heat '^^'V^'"' "'"* of this Engagement, while the Athenians upon Tlemmyrium were \t^^ wholly taken up in viewing it, Gylipfus took a Circuit round the *«' Head of the Haven with a Body of cholen Men, entered the Out- theMhrnhm works without Oppoficion, and forced the Athenians from the reft worjiiA on with great Precipitation: For which fucccfs alhore the Syracnfans ^^'T'' eredtcd a Trophy on 'Plcmmyrinm, as the Athenians did near their Hum reituJd. Camp, on account of their Vi ii' ^h ),i '■ w (/ , '.vt.i' II I J|,6 I'llljlllll ftllll'lll I . Miit iilinoll ;ri l.ill a', they wiic- Mniovd, llic Syraciifdus diove <|owii OtIlflS. 'I lirir Sii(((|s III f'linini', the VVoiks at '•I'lrmuiyi iinii^ iHlorcnun lion'd, was looked on lo lie lo ( 'inrnleiaMc as all Siiily iiu lined k, then Side, (x«(j)t iIk /lyt lyrntiurt \ yei were tlieie alter ihis lev( ral other lii^'hi l'-ii|',i)'eiiieiii'i In i w( en the Syt/i(iif,int M\i\ /llhrtii tint, whetdii IniiK >iiii( . the one and lonieiiuies the other had the Advania;'/- At leii|'ili, ii> purliiaiK e ol i lie Adviic ol //; //A///, a (!ii I riiitlii{iu, and a veiy (xp'it Seaman, the .Vvv/r ////■/« r Ihortcn'd ilic i leads ot ilieii (i.iIIk*, and ni.ide iIk m lower, wiih I'k aKs ol ;: j'tcn 'I iiK kiirl'i, wliM h they alio llieti}'i|i< ned with Kaltets t.iliiiKdio the SkIch oltlie dallns, hoih wiihin and williour ; and wiih liie'c they olleied ilie /Ulxiiidiix Itiilel, who prepared to eiicaj'e iIkiii Willi ci|;^',liiy Sail, havinp, the rell ol then Naval hirce in the IJoi roiii ol the Haven At a piojier Dillante lioin that I'aii ol tlic- I leei which lay there, they phuril two lari'c Hiill"i, wiili a IiiIIki- (111 Spate hdwecii them lor a dally ( onvenienily to pal'. tliroii)'li, thai lo III! h as Ihonid he hard pielhil hi ■ he l'i|'lil iiii)',lil reliie lo ,i I'la'C ol Setiiiity I'lio /Itliiiiitiux were liipeiior lo the Kneiny liotli 111 llie Niimlif r and Niinlihnels o| then Ships, and llie Mull, Dexierily and |)il(iplinc ol ihiii SeaiiK n, all wliuli as lliey wtniM ahnoll liavi ahertamed a Vit'.lory in the n iIk Sliore I he /llhruidiix hxduni', upon ihi'.asa Ketieai hoiiiili< li iiiel, laixled ai leiliiie, and amonp, oiliet I'li finel'i |)rrpar(d lorilmi Kepall, as hille expee'lini', If) rii',lit any iii'irr that Day ; hut the Syi ik iif,iii\ r( iiiinini', alioaid, t aine down ai',.iiii m- waids tlictn, when lliey ni j',ieai luniuli, the moll I'ail having iioi tak( n any I'ood, eiiih iikni|', dilordeily, w f ni out to meet them, ami a;',aiii they eii)',aj'ed each olliei \\\v Syt, dilpi I lie Shore ilierc WD* llec lliaii witlillaiul dallies. I'.UI vffiivl ua . op|)(» ( oiiitiiaiK Ui|',lii ot I as was A/i v\\\\\ heiii|j l)ers ailv, Kneiiiy ii| iir, iIm( I (•ovr liiiii and li^lii k. Hook 1 1. ^J Chap. VI I. Dif/olutjof/ of the Roni. Empire. 83 niitit' to rcrlrel)ctwccn rlic rw(» Hulks hcfbrcmcntion'tl to ilicir \\:\\- |w)iir, clol'cly |Hirliiing them tliiilicr; ii.iy ihcy had cnicrcd .ilrcr chcm, h.nl rlicy not hccn nrcvcnrol by a ConfiivaiKC ol the /lihf- tiiafiu \vho having', hiinj^ frotn the Yard Arms prochgioiis Weights ot I ciiili taH iiitothtlormot DolphliiH, they, as the (iaihcs atmroaih- rd ri ^low weary of ri^liiiiif; at Sea, andcndcavoiir'd to ^ain loine Outworks o! the Town on ilic land Side, hut l)cin^» irinillcd in (he Attempt with ^rrat l.ols, 'Di'tm/f/hcMn and /'Jirytfir/on declared thcmldvcs Un letnrn- Dnnniiiiriirv in^\n /Ji/h/ix, Imii A/«7^/.r /?>w/(j/y op|)olcd it, as well lor the Infa ]'_'"','"'}"" my wimli, as he laid, wr)uld attend lb dilhonoiir;il)lc a Retreat, as I/),',/],,//! 'n^! lor iliat I hey Ihonid he char^',ed, as the lormcr Ciencrals were, with >i.<" having h<^cn corniptcd with iVIoiicy from pcrtbrmin^ their Duty. The Syracufafis havin^ Intelligence ol thcic Debates, became yet more hold, attacked the /Itbenian Camp by Land, and with their (iailirsclolely blocked up (helVfoiith of the Maven* and thence pro- voked the /Ithcntanx to (i^ht. Hctaclidcx, a Vonih ol (Quality, who had the Comitiaiul ol one of the Syracufati (iailics, came up veiy near to the /Ithcuianxy and in all Probability had been taken, hilt that '/'oiiuc'/iHt, to whom he was related, came with ten (ial- Iks to his Rtlicl; and the .Syracu/tois, anxious lor the Salcty of 7'«//«r/'W.r, rclolved, if poflibic, to Ibrce 'he Afhrniaiisxo aj',eneral I',ii|i5;i^',rinrnt, in ortler w hereunto they manned out (eventy fix (iai lies, ijilporiii^ at \.\\r tame time levcral Bodies ot Land Forces ahing ilicSlidfc, to prevent the I'lnemy's Islcapc. The /Itlwuiitux, thoui»li ijiirr was a ^,rcar Contlcrnarion amnn^ them, beiiii* much filter to (Ire iliun to ixv^My yet were they obli^etl, in their own Delcnce, to withn.iiul iheKnemy, and prepared lo receive them with ci^'hiy fix (i.illics Moth Meets were now ditpoled in order ot Itattcl: To /•'.uiynirdiin was ^iven the Ki^ht Wing ot the /ifhrniiinx, to whom \v.r. M|)|iiilid /If^utlmrthus by the Syracuftitix. I'luthytlrtmiv had the (oiiiiiiaiid ot their I.eti Wing, and had to do with Siitiiiu't in the Ki)',lii ol iIh- Syr ik 11 fans , in whole Center was "I'yt/ux a (.'onnf/iMfi, a', wa'. Mi'ihifulrr in that of the; /Ithcnititix. The Signal fur engu- •iny, l)(iiig(lilj)|ayed, h'.urymvtlnii, relying on his Snpciiority ol'num HIS .iilvaiued with his Divifion, in oider lo liirroiind thai ol the •".iiciiiy iipiMifitc to him, and was at length got fb tar from the Cen- 1(1, ilui UK Syraiufhnx k:\\k oH'liis Retreat, and (breed him into n //'S^vmh. Cove liiiioiiiiclcd with thnr Troops, where nuleavaj]agt. Nicias'i stra- tagim eluded, Nai)al Tranfdhons before the liooK 11. his Men, and all his Ships fell into the Hands of the Enemy Tlie News of this Misfortune drove the jithetiians almod to Dcfpair, lb that being now lels able to rcfift the Fury of the Syracujansy tlicy were loon Ibrced to retire in lb great Confufion, ih"4t they iplit Ic- veral of their Gallics ai>aiiift the Rocks, and ran nuiiy of them a- ground. As they were landing their Men near the Place where G}. lifpus lay with the Troops, S/canus^ one of the Syracu/hn Admi rals, filled an old Hulk with Faggots, and other cotnbull blc Mat- ter, and letting fire to ir, lent her afore the Wind toward ihcylihe. nian Gallies ; but they took liich efTcj^ual Care to keep her ofl", that his Dcfign had no F)ffcd; mean while they got the better ot the Syracujan Troops alhore under Gylippusy and tbrccd tlicnj to retire into the Town. In this Engagement the /^/A<'«//a«J' arc faid to have loft thirty tlitic Gallies, and the Syracti/ans, thus encouraged, were meditating ^rca tcr Matters, lor they began to rcfledl what Glory they fliould ai: c]uirc to thcmlclvcs, not only among the Grecksy who would be univerlally obliged to them lor freeing them from the Ulurpatimis oi /Ithenst but alio among other Nations, if they could not oiil) withftand, as they had hitherto done, but likewilc totally dcftroy lb powcrfiil a Fleet and Army, which they rclolved, if pofTJblc, to compals. To this End, they placed in the Mouth of the Haven, which was there about a Mile over, liich a Number of Gallics, Head and Stern together, as took up the whole Space, and thus deprived the Athenians of all Means ot Eicape, unlels they could force their way through. Nicias, finding himlelf under a Neccfllty of attempt- ing to Ircak this Chain, embarked the Seamen and Troops on board a hundred and ten Gallics, in order thereunto, relblving, if they liic- cccdcd, to repair home, but if they Ihould be rcpullcd, to tlilcin- bark again, fet the Gallies on fire, and make the ocft of their way by Land to Ibmc confederate City in SiciJy. They attacked tiic Syracu/ans with great Vigour, and were "i warmly received by them, lb that never was any Battel foirght with greater Obftinacy and Fury on both fides, and confidering the Narrownel's of the Space there was not room for retreating and attacking again, but the Gal- lies lay dole with their Broadfidcs together, lb that the Men fought hand to hand as if they had been engaged on Ihorc : And bcfidcs the Nature of the Place which made it nccclTiry lb to do, Nicias, to prevent the Enemy's making ulc of the Barks of their Ships lo cffcdluaily as they had done in the former Engagement, ordered a Number of grappling Irons to be flung out of each of his Gallics, in order to bring them with their Broadfidcs to thole of the Enemy, and lb elude the Stroke of the Beaks ; but to hinder the Succclii of this Stratagem, the Syracufans covered their Gallies with HiJcs, in which the grappling Irons taking no hold, cafily flipped ofl! In this Engagement the Valour of ilic Syracufans far exceeded cither their Art or their good Fortune. They laid the Athenian Gallics a board, and pouring in Numbers of Men, committed great Slaui;litci among them, and at length forced them back, in the utmoll Diloi dcr, to their old Station, ^cmojthenes would have again attempt cil I EooKll. W Chap.VUI DiffolMtionoftheKom.EMpire. 85 Enemy Tlie [ to Dcipair, to racu/attJ, tlicy ii they Iplit Ic- any of incm a- Mact where Cy- yracu/an Adiiii- )mbull l)lc Mat- )\vard chcy^lhe- keep her o(l', I nt the better ol forced rhcn» to lort thirty tlircc meditating ^rca- they Ihould ai: who would be the Uliirpatioiis could not only : totally dcftroy d, if podihlc, to 1 of the Haven, of Gallics, Head kud thus deprived could force their ifCity of attempt- Troops on board ving, if they liic- pulled, to dilcm- >cft of their way icy attacked the ily received by /cater Obftiiiacy |nel's of the Space fiin, but thcGal- thc Men fought re: And bcfidcs () to do, Ntcias, jof their Ships lo •ment, ordered a h of his (iallics, Ic of the Knciiiy. Icr the Sutccls ot :s with Hides, in flipped ofi; In exceeded either hcft>a» Galliesa great Slaughtci he utmoll Diloi Ire again aticiupi' C(l cd, the next Morning, to lorcc the Syracu/an Line with fixty Gal- lics which yet remained in gooii Condition, but the Seamen were fb difpiritcd with their former ill Succefs, thr: they unanimoudy refu- ted to go aboard ; upon which the Generals came to a Relblution to ilccamp the next Night ; mean while the Syracufans made ano- ther Attempt on the /'/r/;f«w« Gallics, Ibmc of which they took ""'' "Z/ '*« A and carrieil o(?i others they burnt: And having Intelligence of the jj^"','^",^'"^. Enemy 's Defign to retire by Land, fcized all the PafTes, in order to Umt. cut oti* their Retreat. Eurymedon was already (lain in the Engage- ment at Sea, and Ntcias and Tiemojibenes were only rcmaimng, who having thus lod all their Meet, left their Dead nnburicd, and their Wounded to the Mercy of the Enemy, and fled with Precipi- tation, but after making Icvcral tfuitlels Atremps to etcapc, lurrcn- AnAi.„m,»\- dcr'il themlclvcs Pritoners at Dilcretion, together with the whole ^^^^'/"' Army under their Command , whereupon they were both put to aZ'.' Death, and the Meu cither condemned to the Mines, or ibid into Slavery. Qttti on iirrttt- C H A P. VIII. Of the Naval JVars of the Grecians, from the Overthrow of the Athenians in Sicily, to the F'tBory ohta'wed over them by Lyfander, the Spartan General^ at ytgos-po- tamos, and the end of the Peloponnefian War. WHEN the News of this terrible Difadcr reached Athens^ they would give no Credit to it, uut having it iboa confirm'd beyond Coiitradi«5tion, rhev were filled with Tcrrour, Amazement and rA» vtofU «/ C11S miKh Dclpair, fearing nothing fefs than that the victorious Enemy would ^^^\ immediately repair to their City and level it with the Ground; and '""'"'' thcic dilmal Apprchenfions were the more increalcd, for that they had neither a Fleet, an Army, nor Money. In the mean time the ''PekPonntJUtiSy under the Command o^ A- M»Peiopon- (j/j, laid wafte the Country about OEttiy railed great Contributions "^',''"",'^ '"^' among the TheJfaltaMs •, and received into their Protcdion the 'hcniani. IflancJs Eubtea zndLesbos^ which now revolted from x.\\c Athenians ^ wIk) in the midfl of tiKtc Misfortunes, made a fhift to fit out twen- ty Gallics. Thelewerc no Iboiver got out into thcGulph, than they fell in with Alcamenet., cue of the Lactdamontan Admirals, juft Lju iscmo- thcn come out of Cenchrea, a Port of the Coriuthiant, aiid defeat- "'"y ''<""» cd them in two Engagements, in the latter of which he was flaiu ; " '""' but Alcibiadesj now in the Spartan Service, fbon revenged his Death, by procuring the Revolt of Chios and Clazemetite from the vUca rtvoh Athenians, which was Ibon after foJIowcd by that of the Mile/ians, ^""" '^'^'"="s and a League Offcafive and Dcfisiifive was llruck up between the Lace- 8^ Naval Tranfattions before the Book II. ii )| \.M> n Iht Atheni- ans have ihi Inner at Sia, and lake C'hioi, kHt afitruaiits hit fomt Sijifi. AlcibijJes ri- {ondleii 10 ihc f\thcniai'.>. the Atheni- ans btaicn M Sea mar E- retria. An Atlun in th$ Hdlcf- fpont ittwttn the Athenians and Laced -c- monians ; Lacedamouians ind Tijfapherncs^ one of the Terjian Govcrnours of the Lelfcr Afiii. In Purl.'ancc of which, the Laccdamontan Fleet being itKrcifed by tlie Acccflion of levcral Ships of his, redu- ced to their Obedience the Cities of 7ifw, Lebedm^ and Er£. A little before rbcic things were done in lon'ta^ a Squadron of twenty Icvcn Sail from Athens^ which ctuiCcd off Leucadia, fcll in with the Enemy's Fleet coming from Siciiy, having on board Gy- fipfus, with the Troops returning from that Ifland, and chafed them u'.ro the \ ery Port of Corinth. Thf Athenians alio, near Roliffus, defeated ihc Fleet of Chios^ and, in conlrqucncc of that Vidlory, recovered the whole Ifland, fifteen hundred of whole Inhabitants they embarked on board the Fleet, made tail for Miletus, and in- verted that Place , and (bon after laid fiegc to Samos : Hut about the lame time Icvon Athenian Ships falling m w'xthAJiyochusy off" Cyme^ they were all taken, or deftroyed. The Lacedamontans now began to grow jealous of Alcibiadcs, by means oiAgis, whofe Wile he had dcluuched, and he becoming as weary of them, retired to Tijff'apherneSy infuiuated hiralelf into his Favour, and was loon afrrr reconciled to the Athenians^ who putting him at the Head of their Fleet, their Affairs would (bon \\XMC flourifhed again, had they not fallen out among thcmlelves a- bout altering the Form of their Government. However an end was at length put to thefe Diflenfions, by the Power oi Aicibiades^ and the Enemy's coming before Tiraus with a Fleet under the Com- mand of He^efandridasy when they embarked on board the Ships in a very dilorderly manner, and going out to engage them, offA- retria, received a fignal Overthrow, lofing two and twenty Sail. This Misfortune, together with the Revolt of Byzantium and Eu- baea, brought the Athenians to an Agreement among themlclves, as knowing their Affairs would be otherwile entirely ruined ; and ac- cordingly the Oligarchy was abolifhcd, and the Governmeot of the People again fet up, who immediately pafTed a Decree that Aid- blades, and thofe who were in Exile with him, fhould be called home. Thrajylusy on the Coafts of AJiuy coming from Samos to Lesbos, Mindarusy the Telofonnejian Admiral, to avoid meeting with him, repaired with the Fleet under his Command toward the Hellefpont, touching by the way at Cape Sigeum : And there being at Sejios, within the Hellejpont, two and twenty Athenian Ships, which up- on notice of the Enemy's Approach, by the Fires made in the Watch-Towers along the Coaft, were at break of Day making to- ward ElauSt juft without the Mouth of that Streight, that (b they might have room to elcape, if the Enemy fliould not pals by with- out dilcovering them, they were no (boner in fight, than the Athe- nians crouded from them with all the Sail they could make, and got fafe to Lemnos, except the four ftern-moft of the Squadron, one of which fplit againft the Rocks, two others were (unk, and the fourth was burnt near Imbros : And now Thrajylusy who lay beibre £- rejiis in Lesbos, hearing of the Enemy's Departure for the Hellcf- font, BookII. »Chap.VIII. I)iffblNtionoftheRom.Ef//pirc, 87 1 Govcrnours accdamonian of his, rcdu- d Erte. Squadron of tcadia, fell in on board Gy- d chafed them near fio/iffus, that Vi(!tory, (e Inhabitants (ett/s, and in- j- ; Hut about <1ftyochusy off of jllcibiadcst 1 he becoming i hiraicif into henians, who s would loon ; thcmielvcs a- rcr an end was llcibiades^ and idcr the Com- oard the Ships e them, ofTf^- i twenty Sail. ttium and Eu- themlclves, as ined ; and ac- rnment of the ree that Aid- [)uld be called mos to Lesios, ing with him, le Hellefpont, cing at Sejks, ps, which un- made in the ay making to- that fb they pals by with- lan the Athe- uake, and got ladron, one of and the I'ourth lay before E- r the Hellef' font, pont, rjifcd the Siege of that Place, and repaired to the AHiftancc of the Athenians, who in his way received into his Protection Ibmc Ships of that Rcpublick, to wliicli the Laccd$ Atlienuns have the AiU vantage. Alcibiades roiiti the Fe- luponiKlun Fleet. Alcibi.ides gnes to TilFa- phernes. The I'clopon- nelians beaten at Cyzicus, and that Place taken, and Alcibiades teing fluflied with other SucceJJes, ht returns toA- •hens. 1 11' 88 < 1 W!' I :'; '•V iiJ I, Naval TniftfaBiom he fore the Book 11. ncroy* and People of all Ages and Conditions went our to meet this triumphant Army, admirinu the Gallantry of all the Soldiers m Qcncral, but clpccially of /Uciliades, a Perlon who was of himicif !o confidcniblc a Weight in the Uabiice, that he iiibvcrtcd a moll flourilhiim Government, and again rcllored it by his own I'owc'r, Vidlory itiil attending him, whattbever Tide he cipouled, and For- tune k'croing not lb much hisMiArels as his Slave. Him they there- fore received not only with human, but divine Honours; lo that 'lis difficult to lay whether they more contumelioufly txjKJlcd, or more honourably recalled him : And thole very Gods they broughc to congratulate his Kcturn, to whole Execrations they had belorc dcvoteu him. Such was the Reception oi jilcihiades y who ncvci knew a Medium ciiher in the Dilpleafure or Affcdtions of the^T- tbentans. TAf Ljcedcc- While this happened at /It hens, the LaceJamemans made /.y- Ly(l*'^7*'' f^"^^'' *•'<='' General both by Sea a^d Land, and 'Darius, the ic- iht'r uintrai. coud King of Tcrjia of that Name, tonftituted his Son Cyrus Go- vernor oi Ionia ami Ljdia, who afliftcd i\\c Lacedamonians with Men and Money, and put them in hopes of retrieving their Affairs. Lyfander entered upon his Office with great Plcaliirc on this ac- count, and receiving from Cyrus a Month's Pay for the Troops and Seamen, repaired on board the Fleer, confifting of eighty Sail, thenly- AlcibLides*/- ing at Efhefus. Akibiades was near that Place with the Athenian BitJ\]ff/ •^'^ef' w'^h which he offered the Enemy Battel, but they declining Ephdus. it, and his Prelcucc being at that time neccffJary at Claz,omena^ to fix that City in his Country's Inrereft, which was then in dilbrder, and wavering in its Fidelity, he left the Command of the Fleet to Antiochusy with pofitivc Orders not to come to an Engagement with the Enemy on any account whatlbcver. But lb far was he from complying, that with two Gallics he ftood in for Ephcfus, and at the very Mouth of the Harbour ufed the higheft Provocations poflTible to draw out the Enemy. Lyfander at ffrft lent out a few Ships to give him Chacc, but the whole Athenian Fleet then ad- vancing to the Relief of the two Gallies, he allb dicw up his in good order, and gained an entire Vidory, fifteen Athenian Gallies The Atheni-^ being taken, and fuch great Numbers flain, (among whori> was An- Ttl "nlh^Ah- f'ochus himfelf) that the Athenians received a greater Blow by this fine, «/Aici- fmgle Defeat, than they pvc the Enemy in ail the foraier En- %^^T^^^^S' This threw the whole City into fuch a Del'pair, that they immediately created Covon their General in the rooni of Jlci- blades \ for they concluded that fliey owed this Defect not lb much to the Fortune of War, as to the Treachery of th:ir Com- mander, whom they fiippolcd to refent his former ill Ulage more nearly, than he did th: late Honours they had loaded him with: That the reafon why he was fo (uccefsful in the laft Campaign, was only to let the Enemy lee what a General they had dclpilcd, as al- io to fell his Vidtory (o much the dearer to his Countrymen : And indeed his intriguing buly Genius, joined to his irregular way of liv- ing, made every thing which was laid of him be believed. Thu«, fearing 5 budes. ^QQ*^^^- I Chap.VIII. Diffolution of the Rom, EfMpin'. S9 fcuin" to be infultcd by tlic People, he voluntarily retired a Iccond Aicr.u.Uir*. timc into Bamlhmcnr. ni//>m»«. 0«<"/, confidcring with himlclt what an extraoroimry Pcrloii he (iiccccilcil, equipped the Hcet with all imaginable Application, but wanted Seamen, for the lliongcll and abkd of them were killed in the laft Expedition. To lupply their room, Boys and old Men were oblij;cd to go into the Service, ami thus they nude up the Comple- ment of Men, but ftill rhcii Naval Force was deficient. Such feeble Advcrlaries gave the Enemy no great Trouble, for in an Engage- ment or two which happcn'd loon after, tlicy cut oiT, or took Pri- loners, liich great Numbers, and gave them lb entire an Overthrow, that, in rclpedt of the Slain and the Captive^, not only t\\c Athenian Government, but their very Name leemed to be extinguiftied. For Cal/tcratidas, being appointed to liicceed /i>/rfW<7' in the Command Conon<*> Cai- feated him a Iccond time in the Harbour of that Place, obliged him '"-'"'d"- to hale alhorc his Gallics under the Protcdlion of the Walls, and fliut him up in the Town ; and falling in with T)tomcdon^ who was coming with twelve Sail to his Relief, he took ten, the other two narrowly efcaping. In this terrible Exigence of the Athenian Affairs, for want of Men, they were obliged to give tlie Freedom of their City to Foreigners, Liberty to their Slaves, and Impunity to condemned Criminals. Thus were the late Lords of Greece forced to fill up their Army , and endeavour to defend their Liberty. How- ever, they were once more refolved to try their Fortune by Sea ; and lb great was their Courage, that they who, a little before, had deipaircd of their Lives, now entertained certain Hopes of V'vSto- ry. Their Fleet made fail for the Iflands Arginuja^ lying off Cape Ma/ea, between Lcshs and the Main, to which Phce CalTicra- tiaas was come with the beft part of the "Pelofonncjian Force, con- fifting of a hundred and twenty Sail, having left Eteonicus to carry on tnc Siege of Mitylene. Callicratidas was frequently adviied not to hazard a Battel with the Atheniansy who had with them two hundred and fifty Gallies, but conftantly anfwered that he was re- Iblved either to conquer or die. He took upon himfclf the Com- mand of the Right Wing, and placed Thrafon of Thebes with the Boeotians in the Left. To him, in the Right of the Athenians^ was oppolcd Trotomachus, having in his Rear Thrajylus^ Lyfias, and Arijiogencs. Arijtocrates was in the Left, fupported by Tiiomedony 'Pcrides (the Son of rhe great "Tertcles) and Erapnides^ in like manner. As foon as the Signal was difplayed for engaging, Calii- Callicratid«s cratidas firmly Lclicving, as the Oracle had declared, that he ihould H^'ym- rot furvive the Fight, he with the firft Shock of his Gaily funk that of "!„ rt«/,";J' Naticias, and having done great Execution among the Sails, Yards, y?"'". and Rigging of others, and Iwepr off the Oars of fevcral, at length attacked that of Tericles, who faftening her dole with grappling Irons, there enfued a bloody and obftinate Dilputc between the Companies of each Gaily, wherein Callicratidas, afber having re- N ceived i ^ U-f I! km I i;;i, If . rtM.i tht ?CI - ponnelian flee! routed at Arginul'iv;. Ihe Atli^ni- in AJmirals j'inttnceJ to De.li//, an J executtJ. Lyfjnilei mailc /liliKi- ral of the I'e- kipoiiiicli.in? who ttikei Lampl'acus. ^ o Naval TranfaElions before the Book 11. ccivcd many Wounds, and revenged them by the Slaughter of Num- bers of the Enemy, fell over board, and was loft. The Tclnponnt- Jians being now w ithout their Admiral, fbon began to give way, and at length fled before the Enemy to Chios and 'Phocaa^ leaving fcvcnty Sail in Poncfllon oiiht Athenians; audEteonicus, who lay before Alify/cfie, having Advice of this Misfortune, railed the Siege, let fire to his Camp, and marched over-land to Methymue. Coiioii, thus freed from the Enemy, drew down his Gallics, and went out to meet his Countrymen, who, after mutual Congratulations, re- paired to Samos, there to lay up the Ships, and take their V^ inter- Quarters : And thus ended the twenty fifth Year of the War. In this Fight at Arginufa the Athenians having had five and twenty Ships dcftroyed, and loft great Numbers cf Men, and the Admirals having, as it was allcdged, negleded the Care of the Wrecks, and the taking up the dead Bodies for Intcrmenr, Thrafy- lits, ('alliades, Lyjias, Arijiocrates and 'Pericles were condeiiuicd to Death, who iiifTcred accordingly, Protomachus being flaiu in Fight, and Arijlogenes went into voluntary Banilhment. Early the next Spring, at theRequeft of Cyrus, and the other Al- lies of the Lacedamonians, Lyfander was appointed to liiccccd Cal- licratidas in the Command of the Fleet, who repairing fiift to Rhodes, and thence to the Hellefpont, laid fiege to Lampfacus, and took it in a fliof time On the News of the Lois of this Place, the Athenians repaired with a Fleet of a hundred and eighty Sail to Scfios, and there taking in Provifions for a few Days, went to the ALgos, a fmall River of the Thracian Cherfonefus which falls into the Helleffont, over againft Lampfacus, where then lay the Ene- my's Fleet. The Athenian Admirals were, befides others, Conon and Thilocles, which latter was he who advilcd, in an Artcmbly of the People, that the Prifoners which ihould be taken in this War might have the Thumbs of their Right Hands cut offj to prevent their carrying a Spear, or handling an Oar again, as had been formerly done to the ^ginetaus. When the Fleets came oppofite to each other, there was not the firft Day anj Offer of Battel on either fide, but the fecond both Parties were in full Exped:ation of com- ing to an Engagement : When Lyfander obferving the Enemy's Fleet to lie en an open and harbourlel's Coaft, and underftood from Dc- ferters that by Night they kept neither Watch nor Ward, he refolvcd on fomc more than ordinary Enterprize. Akibiades, who had made choice of this Country to fpend the time of his Baniflimen: in, hearing iha Athenian Fleet was it^Egos- potamos, went down to the SeaCoaft to pay a Vifit to the Admi- rals, where oblcrving the Infccurity of the Place, which had no Works to defend it, and that they did not appoint Guard-fliips, nor keep due Watch, according to the Rules of War, and that Lyfan- der, a wife and vigilant Enemy, was io near them on the other fide, frequently admoniflied them, both in publick and private, of the Danger they were in, but meeting with nothing elfe than Re- proaches, and being told that no hectfought to be given to the Ad- vice of ao Exile, he with Grief took his leave of them, only laying, thiU The Athenian Gutliei (omc to /K^ol'puu- nios. B^oTlT 9 Chap. Vlir. 'Djjfolutioji ofthd Rom. Empire. s i glitcr of Nunv 'hc Telofonm- I to give way, hoc a a, leaving ;//Vkj, who lav ailed the Siege, lymtie. Coiiov, and went out ratulatioiKS ic- LC their Winter- the War. ; had five and Men, and the le Care of the rmenr, Thrafy- ere condemned being flaia in :nt. id the other Al- to luccccd Cal- pairing fiift to Larnffacits, and s of this Place, d eighty Sail to IS, went to the ,vhich falls into n lay the Ene- hers, Couon and \frcmbly of the this War might prevent their been formerly 3poritc to each attei on cither ation of com- Encmy's Fleet :ood from Dc- ard, he rcfolvcd y to fpend the t was at ^gos- t to the Admi- which had no uard-fliips, nor id that Lyfan- on the other ind private, of elfe than Re- ven to the Ad- oiily laying, that that he was cither entirely unacquainted wirh the Art of War, the Enemv they hid to deal with, and the General w'lo commanded them, or the River .Egos wonld loon be more remarkable for the Dcitrudioii of the Atbentatis, than ever Syracufe had yet been. L\j:iiid:>\ pitriiianc to the Refolucions he had taken, gave out r> Fi^hi at Orders as if he would engage the Enemy early the next Morning, ^f--;"!"?^'''"'- and dircdtcd the Men Ihould" take their Rcpafl by break of Day, re- "'°" pair all on board, ami rhcrc keeping ftrid Order and Silence, hold thcmlelvcs in Rcadinels for Adion at a Moment's Warning. Next THyxhc Athenians advanced, according to Cuftom, and ufcd all pof- fible Provocations to bring Lyfmdcr to an Engagement, who lent out Icvcral Boats to hover at a Diftance from the Enemy, with Or- ders not to go too near, nor by any means be provoked to engage. When riveniir^ came on, t\\Q Atbciiiaus, weary of continuing in that Polliire, retired again, and dilcmbarkcd their People, but Ly- fander would not let a Man leave his Ships till the Boats he lent out returned with Advice of the Enemy's Landing. This he conti- nued to do for four Days liiL-CLfTively, omitting nothing which could confirm the Enemy in an Opinion of his Fear, and Inability to cope with tiicm. T\\c'Athcriiu!is having fpcnt the fifth Day in provok- ing the 'Peloponiicfian^ to fight, and retiring again towards Evening, Lyfandcr lent out h j Boats, as uiual, with orders to fee the Ene- my lauded, and then with all Expedition to return, and as foon as they were in fight, make a Signal. In the mean time he went a- bout to all the Ships of the Fleet, exhorting the Commanders to keep a good look out for the Signal, and as foon as it was difco- vered, to make the bcft of their way toward the Enemy, telling them, that now was the time to revenge the Caufe of their Coun- try on the Athenians, and put a final Period to this Ibven and twenty Years War. This he had no Iboner done, than the Boats appeared in fight, making the appointed Sign of the Enemy's Land- ing, and immediately the Fleet bore down with all the Expedition Sails and Oars could make, and having foon croflcd the Streight, came iijddenly upon them, where they found Ibme of the Galiies r/.. Athenum haled afhorc, and others yet remaining in the Water, but in both """'-h r^unj Places without Defence, or Security. Conon being the firft of the ^'- ^v'""^'^^' Athenians who dcfcryed the Enemy, made what hafte he could to get his Men aboard ; but they were io difperfed, that he was forced to make off with eight Ships, with which he cfcaped to Evafforas, King oi Cyprus, and relervcd himlclf for his Country, in Expecta- tion of better Times, The reft of the Fleet Lyfander took, with moft of the Men, part of whom he killed on ^^- <" it, and the re- mainder the next Day; among which Nurabti wa.. 'hilocles, who being asked hy Lyfander what Punifliment he thought he deicrved for being the Author of lb barbarous a Counlcl as that abovementi- oncd, rcphed, I fubmtt to you, Lyiander, as a Conqueror, but know no reajbn I have to acknowledge yon as a Judge, and imme- diately offered his Neck to the Stroke of the Sworci ; lb that Ly- fander having put to Death with Tbiloclcs three thoufand Atheni- ans^ and dcftroycd their Camp, he returned va Triumph to Lamp- N i facHs, I ' I ■ ! iipiv- iin l;f i."' i^!,t' !'■ • H ^m' S 2 Naval Tranf anions hefore the Book II. Kyfancicr ra- facfts^ f^oxa whciicc hc madc iail i'otAthcnsy bcficgcd and took tlic cf'p!:tn,and Ciry, and levelled the Walls of the Tiraus with the Ground. I,, lahi Athens, a gcncral Afler Ay of the Lacedamonians and their Confederates, it was warmly Cvbated whether the City Ihould not be entirely demo- liflicd, many being for extinguilhing the very Name of the Athe- nians ^ and deftroying the Town by Fire : Ikit the Spartans oppo- fed this Motion, laying, that they would by no means be guilty of putting out one of the Eyes of Greece. This Fight at Aigojpota- mosy and the taking of Jithepis, in Conlcquence of ir, happened, according to '"PolybiuHy nineteen Years before the lacking of Rome by the Gauls, which was in the laft Vcar of the Reign of 'Da- rius Not bus , King oi'PcrJia, Icven hundred and Icvcnty eight Years after the Dcftrudion of Troy, and in the Year of the fVorld A.M. 3545. 3J-45-. Chap. IX. Of the Naval JVars of the Grecians, from the End elpbosy which forewaroed them that ans. their m 54 Naval Traiijatliotis before the Book II. 'if I ; II" ; '• , Ma '\V. .:1 !' '\' ]\-' .r :•! ,f C/i.Jci.'.' tij (!()iio:i .i>:.l V\[.\\. their Rciniblick would ;^n near to be dcftroycd when the Kingly Go- vernment halted, Ihr Agcftlaits was hime of one Leg: Bntat larf they cninc to this Relbhition, that it was better for tlie King than the Kini;dom to halt. Thus Agcfiltius was lent with a formidable Ar- my into y///)/, where he performed many fignal Exploits, and like a Temped, carried all bclbre him, as Conoti^ at the Head of the 'Per- (ian and Athniinn I' leer, did, at the lame time, on the Coafls of/./?. coti'ta, :ui(l the I'arts adjacent. A^rfilniis before his Departure liil). Ititutcd 'Pifatickr to coininand at Home, who got together a grcar I' leer, and rcloh ed to hazard the Fortune of War ; while on the other Hanil ('oiton uled no ieis Care to order every thing for the bed Ad vantage againft the firfl Opportunity that Ihould oflcr for a Hattd; and indeed both the Commanders ihcwcd a mutual Unuilation upon thisOccafion. As for O///?//, he did not lb much regard the Intcrdl of the 'A7'//'ili pci'ly declared againft the Laccdamoutansy ..nd the I'copic of Rhodes ..uai.u having forced a Squadron of 'Peloponnrfian Ships from thence, re- volted to the Athenians, receiving Oman with his Ships into their Port, during whole Continuance at that Ifland, a Squadron of Arf- cedamontan Ships, loadcn with Corn from Aigyf't, fiippofing it to be ftill in their Intcrelt, entered the Port, and fell <'Uo hi.s H.iiul; The Revolt oi Rhodes was loon after followed by i.h.it o\' Chios, ' 'I'eos, '.ulU', I..U- ,i; < I^OIIDM r.K ,/ ■:'< I ,.\riiiii I, ..III! np.iin 10 Aihcii'i ome I lie Set. llll'll, C/i ihrl IIKMil.lllS, Book II. IBtT" Al ic Kingly Go- liitat lart they Ung rlian the omiidablc Ar- its, and like a il ofthc '/V iCoaflsofL/?. [departure (iib- :;cthcr a grcar | Ic on the other r the bed Ad r for a liattcl; luilation upon ml tiicliitcicll had unluckily r Alfairs wcio nd to rciricvr ic fatal Caliuil s the Rcl irioi! f his cxccllcii, : not fall Hunt ittCQ in one h- lent Splcnddiii of Ciiidtis the omc time with bravely fight- iatis fled, lea- on pafltil over i the Country th all ponibic : City lo burnt :ed at its Re- iy: However, the Help ot oycd. Tims been before Hands; and ItcmoHians, lo eflorcd ro the owed by the of Hcllcjpon /^ri^ivi's ()• ■>lc of fihofle! n tlicncc, IC- lips into tJR'ir ladron of Li ppofing it to I) Ins H.ind: lat of C/m', A i>. I X. Diflblution ofthc Rom. Ewpire. 9 5 cfjx, M//\/r"r, Epbcfiis and I'.rctbrtc^ whence Jpnuig up Icvcral lur Wars the LncciLvmoniam yet bearing up againit their Knc- jc-, as the Anidiany lia'orian, Tbebati^ fird and Iccond Lncvda;- mnian, anil 'r<;[,'''rf//V Wars, which were the Names inipolcd on them it lur by the 1 .acceU'tnoiiiaiis themlclves, or the i'eopic who were n'.;.iL',cd ag.nnft them. Ill kid of the Thcbaits the Athcnhins fitted out a Fleet of fixty S.iil, inuLr the Command oi Timotlwits^ with Orders to criiilc a- Ibtiiit, and mfcd the Coafts of 'Pelopoiiucfiis, who oiV Corcyta fell in w nil th.. Ii'nC Number of the Kncmy's Ships commamled by Niro/o- chas, and totally routed them. To wipe off this Dilgracc Miinjip- •ffuy was lent out at the Hcail of another KIcef, but inticalcti it with }'ih\^ own DtllriKition, tor he received a fignal Overthrow fom the fkylthfiiKins unilcr the Command o\' Stcfaiciis, and was himleli llain. I Some time ;ifcr this Spiuhindcs having, at the Infti-ation of C.lc- ilonihrotiis. King of Lacrd.i'inoit, mailc an Attempt to Ici/.e on the I the 'Pn'd'tts, the Athcn'tatis highly cxalpcrated at liicb a Proceeding fduiiiiga CtYTation of Arms, attacked the Laccdamonuin I' leer, un- der tlic Command oi'Pnl/ix, between Naxos and "P^ro:,. In this :|Eii ^igcmcnt "Poll'ts mule great Havock in the Lcf: Wing ofthc \\- iJnemy led by Cvdon^ whom he flew with his own Hand; but Chu- bria.i, who commanded in the Right ofthc Athcuiaus, ailvancing le.il()nably to their Relicti charged the Laccdtcrnoniaiis with great Fury, and having made a teiriblc Slaughter, put them to Highr, not but that confiderabic Numbers were killed of his own Side, whole I dead bodies he cauled to be carefully taken up and interred, well ^#^ rcmcinoring the Fate of Ibmc of the preceding Admirals for Neg- I led charged on them in that particular. Nor long after the Athvntaus, under the Condud oi'Timothcus, the Son of Coiiofit obtained another Vidlory over the Laccdecmo- \ iiiuuswcix Lciicas \ and, o\VCorcyray falling in with a Fleer of Ships, w Inch "Diunyfius, the 'J'yrant of 5'/a/v, had lent to their Aid, he rook nine oi them with grcar Numbers of Slaves, by the Sale whereof they got fixty Talents, and on the other Side of GVrt'ff they alio in- vedcil T'oronc and ''Potida'a-, both by Sea and Land, which they took alter a Ihort Siege. When the Greeks had wagcdCivil Wars amongft themlclves tor a confuierablc time, with various Succcls, they came all to a general Peace, cxcc[>t the Lacedemonians, who being utter F.iicmies to the Mcffenians, could by no means be reconciled. At tl;is rime Tac/jus, King of /Hgypt, maintaining a War againft Arta- xrrxis, committed the Care of his Land Army to AgefiUm the LacccU'inoutan beforemcntioned, and of his Fleet to Chabrias the ylihciittin; but in the midft of thcic Preparations y^(,'r'/i/.1lis t'\ the I/.U'cJ,'> inotii.ni^ italrii .It st.i I hey •Irf htalen J j'f- (.iiul Hl/lf, wlicn ih: V .1/- ut/iprtU I'l- rLVUH. 'Ihf Atheni- an!, if.i/ rlie I ..KciKcnui- iinns, aihtthc i/i'i'/ii/'Sicily. Toionr and I'oliiliC.i /.i- krn. I'tiice am,''n^ the (I'rcL'ks, except the l-accciuMUo- nuiis. A.M. 3586. Oduis fui (>eJs An»xcr- xcs. Chap. in m'^ U V '■ II", . mm ' mi 96 Naval TraiifacYwns hfore the Book II. C H A P. X. Of the Naval JFcd : nf ihe Grecians, from the Begir,rii}ig of the Macedonian Greatnejs under King Philip, to the Death nee palTed over into Cyprus.^ there to wait a pro- per Oj , tu o proceed to Al^ypt^ a Country equally in En- mity w; i' / „r'/,', ' and Alexander, and there to let up for himfclf. On his the Terfia,. •a. ■gypt the Natives joined his Forces, and drove niaa fUa arnio' - mk of all the Cities, c\ccv)t Alemphis, which thcTerfiaus having Vi^iU'itly defended for a confiderable time, ihcy at length fallicd out with their whole Force on the Befiegers, whom they entirely defeated, killing great Numbers, and amongft them/f- myntas himiclf In the mean while Arifto, the Macedonian Admiral, came to an Engagement with the 'Per^an Fleet in the Hellejpont, and obtained iiAu tUt of J f,g„al Vidory, ib that now all the leflcr Afia, together with Syria and Thcenicia, except Tyre, was lubdued to the Obedience oi Ale- xander ; the Inhabitants of which City fent him, by their Ambafla- dors, a golden Crown of a confiderable Weight, under Pretence of congratulating his great Viftories: which he very kindly received, and told them that he defigned to make them a Vifir, in order to perform his Vows to Hercules. But the AmbaflTadors infinuating that he might do it much better in the old Town, where the more anci- ent Temple ftood, and withal defiring him not to come within their new City, he was lb highly incenfed thereat, that he threatcn'd to Aicx.iii'^cr^/: level thcir Town with the Ground, and to that Purpolc immediately jrniit.i i-j the tifcw down his Army to the Sea Coaft. The City of Tyre was built hnu'^i\mAr- '" ^" Idand about four Furlongs diftant from the Continent, the mj j^,ainji it. Spacc between which and the Town lay open to the South Weft Winds, which ulcd to drive in a great Sea thither, and lb rendered Alexander's Deftgn of joining it to the Land a Work of extreme Difficulty. There was alio another Obftaclc to the Siege, no lefs than this, to wit, that the City taking up the whole Space of the Ifland whereon it flood, its Walls wcrewafhedon every Side by the Sea, which was alio very deep there, fo that there was no fixing of Ladders, or raifing of Batteries but on board Ship ; Befides Alexan- der had not at this rime any Ships there; or if he had, upon their approaching the Walls they might have been eafily forced back with milTive Weapons. Nor could the Machines that might have been raifed on Board them do much Execution, by reafbn of the Agitation of the Waves. The Tyrians having refolved to abide the Extremi- ties of a Siege, placed their Engines upon the Ramparts and Tow- ers, deliver'd out Arms to their Youth, and fet their Artificers at Work in making all inftrumcnts of War nccefTary lor their Defence. Ale- The Situation oj Tyre. Alex cd C; Stone 1IUS li crs. before decpc butth in Boa with little who w ic a mittcd 3ookII. ^ Chap X Di foli/tjon of theRom. E mpi re. 99 Jicxtf'dir gave Orders for the Men to begin ro work on the inreiid- "• te-ms ,^ cd Cauicway, for which they were in no want of Materials, having {'/"J^'^" '/^•''"' Stone in Abundance from the Ruins of old Tyre, and Mount Liba- JJ ^""'' w/wllippi villi; them with Timber for it, as alio for Boats and Tow- ers. The Work was advanced to a ftupendous Height under Water before it rcjchcd the Surface of if, for the further they went the deeper was the Sea, and (wallowed the greater C^antiry of Materials; but the TyriansM length perceiving how far it was carried on, came out rht Tyriam in Boats to view it, ar.d did great Execution among the Workmen ">"rrupt hi, with their Darts and Arrows. They alio landed Ibrae Troops at a '^°i['',^l,^'''jf- little Diftance from the Camp, where they cut to pieces moft of thofc hi, Aim. who were employed in carrying thcSrone; and /i/exander thinking it a Diminution of his Glory to lye lb long before a Town, com- mitted the Care of the Siege to Terdiccas and Craterits, advancing himlllF with a tlying Camp toward Arabia. InhisAbfcnce thcTyrians bethought rhemfclvcs of this Stratagem: n< n m? They took the largeft Shin they had, loaded her all abaft with Stones and i'^ ';;"'»• Ballaft, that I'n her Head might be railed the higher ; and befmcaring her with Brimftone and Sulphur, failed her, with a brisTc Gale of Wind, clofe up to the Cauicway, when throwing themlelvcs into their Boars they fct fire to her, and before any Help could arrive, the Towers, and other Works that Alexander had caulbd to be made oc t!ic Cauicway, for Defence of the Workmen, were all in Flames. TheTyriaus, at the fame time, threw from their Boats flaming Torch- es, Firebrands, and other combuftible matter, into the upper Stages of the Towers, infomuch that many People were miferably burnt to Death, and the reft throwing down their Arms leap'd into the Sea, whom the Tjirians, being more defirous to preferve alive than to kill, took up, having firftdilabled them with Blows while inthcWa- ter. Nor was the Fire their only Enemy, for the lame Day a vio- lent Storm of Wind drove in the Sea with luch Fury as loofened the Ce- ment of the Materials, which being wafticd away, the Stones were foon forced afundcr by the Weight of the Waves, and on their giving Way, down came all the Superftrudare, lb that by the time Ale- xander returned from Arabia, there were fcarcc any Traces left of fo ftupendous a Work. He immediately fet about ereding a new Cauicway, which was Alexander'; carried on with its Head toward the South Weft, to break the Sea ^v„rks ius, hearing he had reduced their Cities to his Obedience, together with the rell of "Phccjiicia, withdrew thcmlelves from the 'Perfian Fleet, and came over to him, bringing with them likewilc the Siduiiian Ships, amounting in all to eighty Sail ; and 'about the lame time arrived ten Gallies from Rhodes., three from Soli and AIallit.% ten from Lycia, with one great Gaily from Macedonia ; and foon after, upon Advice of A- iexander's Succels, the Kings of Cyprus went over to him to Sidon with their Fleer, confifting of a hundred and twenty Sail, to all of whom he freely extended his Royal Pardon, lince they continued no longer in the Perfian Inrereft than till they had an Opportunity to revolt. Having thus gotten together a liifficient Naval Force, he went on board, and took upon himfelf the Command of the Right Wing, accompanied with the Kings of Cyprtu and 'Phcenicia, cil- ce^i 'Pythagoras y who was with Craterus in the Left. The Ty- rians , tho' Matters of a potent Fleer, yet durft they not venture the Dccifton of a Battel, but dilpoled their Gallies around the City under cover of the Walls ; neverthelels Alexander attacked lomc of them, of which he funk three, and the next Day came to an An- chor very near the Walls, which he battered on all fides with his Machines, cfpccially with the Rams prepared lor that purpolc. The Befiegcd ulcd all pofllbic Diligence in repairing the Breaches, and be- gan to raife another Wall within, to which they might retire when the outermoft fhould be beaten down : But now they were hard prcflcd on all fides, the Cauleway was advanced within Javelin fliot of the Walls, they were dole blocked up with the Fleet, and attacked at the lame time both by Sea and Land : Bcfides, Alexander caufed ieveral Gallics to be laid two and two in fuch manner as that they were joined toeethc^ aftern, by means of Stages thrown acrols, whereon were placed great Numbers of chofen Landmen, who were thus rowed toward the Town, being fecured from the Enemy on the Walls by the Prows of the^Gallies which ferved them as a Parapet. About Midnight the King caufed them to advance in this manner to forround the Walls, and give a general Aflaulr, fo that the Tyrians began now to be in the utraoft Defpair, when of a foddai there a- role a furious Storm, ia which the Gallies fell foul of one another with luch Violence as forced their Cables, and tore the Planks alun- der on which the Sraces were laid, which drew down with them th« Sytages, Men, and all into the Sea, with a dreadful Noife, for the Terapeft was fo fierce, that it was iaipoflible to govern the Gallics iiakea together in that manner ; and in this Conlufion the Soldiers inter- intcrrupi oblliiiatc the Jaw! for the AmbjfTK Exculcs, pc(ftcd fr grcatcft \ and Chil rion und( what was or unatt( Ncccdity they foui Ships whi and Scyt were mad Beams, a' to that m biy rnatr;! received o fhcy took Sand, or b (lexers. 1 \i\ through the FJelh, as not to Arms, and poled to tl Tills lb fomuch th ing on to his Reputa Arms, to ' overcome, on board o main Body gyp, Icavi Gate of Sii gave fach a cries of th( whence thi Oars, cam( than they ran with al firft receive Tyrtaii Gal rals, when as to/Ted he tiitie fevera ooK II. ^ Chap. X. Diffolutioti oftheRom. E^npire. i oi interrupted the Scimcii, .is they did the Soldiers. However, the oblbnatc Efforts of the Rowers tore the GalHes, as it were, out of ihc Jaws of the .Sea, and they at length got under the Shore, but for the moft part extremely ddablcd, In the mean while thirty AmbaHadors from (Jarthan' arrived at T\re^ who ni.idc frivolous ^.„i,afai.n Exculcs, inftcad of proinifmii; thole yicat Succours which were ex- .^'ni' tt pedcd from thence. The Tyriaiis, though frurtratcd thus of their ' "^^"'"' i»rcatcft Hopes, yet kept they up their Courage, and lent theirWives ■'''^'S«- and Children to Carthage^ that 16 they might with more Rclbln- tion undergo wh.ttlbcver Ihonld happen, when they had lb iccnrcd what was nioi^ dear to them. Not any thing was left uncontriv'd or unattcinprcd which could contribute to their Security, and, as Ncceiruy is the IVTothcr of Invention, befides the ordinary Methods, they found out new Arts to defend themlblves. 'J o annoy the Ships which approached the Walls, they fixed grappling Irons, Hooks and Scythes to long Beams, then placing their Machines, which were made in the Form of Crols-Bows, they put into them great Beams, as if they had been Arrows, and Ihot them at the Enemy, 'ihi Tyri.irs to that many were crulhcd to pieces with their Fall, others milcra- '^'^^ "'"'l'^ bly man ;lcd by the Hooks and Scythes, and the Gallies thcmlelves xjndci'j sun. received confiderablc Damage. They had alio brazen Targets, which rhcy took red hoc from the Fire, and filling them with burning Sand, or boiling IVIud, threw them down from the Walls on the Be- fiei^crs. The Macedonians dreaded nothing fo much as this, for \\\ through any Defcdl of their Armour, the burning Sand came at the FIcih, it immediately penetrated ro the Bone, and ftuck lb faft as not to be removed ; lb that the Soldiers throwing down their Arms, and te.\ring off their Cloaths, remained defencclcls and ex- polcd to the Enemy's Shot. This lb vigorous a Defence very much difcouragcd y^/?.v^//^icr, in- fomuch that he once again deliberated on raifing the Siege, and go- ing on to ^gyft : Bur conftdering it would be a great BIcmiih to his Reputation, which had been more lerviccable to him than his Arms, to leave Tyre behind him, as a Monument that he was to be overcome, he rcfolvcd ro make the laft Effort with his whole Fleer, on board of which he embarked the Flower of all his Troops. The main Body he ordered to lie before the Haven, looking towards yfi- He makn u- gyp, leaving thirty of the Imalled Ships to block up that called the ""''"'JJ^".'^ Gate of Sidou ; two of which latter being taken by the Tyrians, it " gave fach an Alarm to the reft, that Alexander, hearing the Out- cries of the People, caufed the Fleet to advance toward the Place whence the Noife came. The Admiral Gaily, with five Tire of Oars, came up firft fingly, which the Tyrians no fooner perceived, than they detached two to attack her. Againft one of thefe Ihe ran with all her Force, and grappled her dole, but not till ihe had firft received a rude Shock from her Beak : Mean while, the other Tynan Gaily was bearing up againfl: the contrary fide of the Admi- rals, when another ofMaeedon came upon her with fiich Violence, as tofTed her Pilot from the Poop headlong into the Sea. By this tinw fevcral more of the MacedoniaH Ships arrived at the Place, where m \''\ I02 NaualTranfatYwm before the BjokII. M Cwi It',: . L ! ^' 1 !,■■:: W frmr.lt ^f lauli on till Cily I In- Cit I 1,1 kt)i, iin.l ,1 .Of.// A/.i/// tir of III III- liabitanii. M.tin Tyii- Kiis liivfil ly where was alii) the Kin^ liimlcit' in Pcrlbii, when ar length the Ty- nans, with very great Dilliculty, dilcnga^cil their urappled Gaily, anil retired towards the Town witli their whole VXccx^ yllexandet following them dole in the Rear ; and thu' he was not able to en ter the (iate, being rcpulled with Showers ot' Arrows from the Walls, yet he took or limk mod ot the Ships. Aticr this he gave his Troops two Days red, and then caufing the whole tlcct to advance with all the Machines tor a general Al laulr, he niounted one of the Towers himlcif, cxpofrng his Pcrlbri to the nrmoll Danger, in the mod advenrrons manner his Courage ever prompted him to ; lor being prelcntiy known by the Ricn- ucis of his Armour, and other Enngns of Royalty, he became in a Moment the Hut of all the Enemy's Shot. There he pertbrrocil Wonders to be admired of nil Mankit\d, killing ftrH with his Jave- lins many of thole who defended the Walls, and advancing nearer, he tnmbled Icvcral down into the Town, and many inro .he Sea, Ibmc with his Sword, others with his 'Jargcr, for the Tower from whence he fonght almoA touched the Wall. By this time all the 1)rinciual Defences were beaten down by the battermg Rams, the '"lect liad forced its way into the Harbour, and Icvcral of the Ma- ccdouians had polTtflcd tliemlclvcs of the Towers abandoned by the Tynans., lb that they being hard prcfFed on all fides, lome fled to the Temples to imolorc the Anillancc of the CJods, others Ihut tliem- lclvcs up in their Houles, and prevented the Fury of the Conqueror by a voluntary Death, while divers lallying out among the thickcil of the I'inciny, relblvcd to fell their Lives as dear as they could: Hut the grcatefl Number got up to the Roofs of the Houles, and thence threw down Stones on tlic Macedonians^ or whatever came next to hand, as they entered the Town. /Ilexander gave Orders that all (hould be put to the Sword, except liich as had taken San- duary in the Temples, and that they Ihonld fire the Hoiifcs : But iiotwithnanding this Order was publilhcd by Sound of Trumpet, there was not a Man among the Tynans ., who bore Arms, which would condelcend to take Refuge in the 'Temples, where were found only Women and Children, the Men planting thcmlclves at the Doors of their Houles, in Expcdlatioii every Moment of being fa- crificcd to the Rage of the Soldiers. The Sidomans indeed, who attended Alexander in this Siege, laved many of them, who enter- ing the Town with the Macedonians, and remembering their Affi- nity to the Tytiansy whole City and theirs owed their Origiuc to the lame Founder, they privately conveyed great Numbers of them on board their Ships, and cranlported them to SidoH. There were no Ids than fifteen thouland laved by this pious Fraud from the Fu- ry of the Conqueror, by whom what a dreadful Slaughter was com- mitted, may be gueffed by the Numbers cut to pieces only on the Ramparts of the Town, which amounted to fix tnoulimd. But the King's Anger was not yet pacified, for after the Troops wcie weary of killing, he cauled, in cold Ulood, two thouland Tyrians to l)c nailed to CrofTcs along t(ic Sea ihorc ; a dreadful Spedtadc even to the Conquerors thciuldvcs ! To the AmbafTadors of Car- thage Cliar.u'f ^aiiill t him Ici ot the already Kroiii long tl I'laii", with a :!;;i l'!f^ Book 11. 9 Chap.X. J)iffh/iitiofiofthcKom.FM/pire. 103 ngth the 7>. pplcti (lallv, , y/Zexandet c able to en n tioiii the then caufiiiQ 1 general Al ^ his Pcrlbii his Courage )V the Rich became in a c pcrformcil icli his Javc- icing nearer, iro .he Sea, Tower from time all the ; Rains, the of the Ma- Joncd by the lome fled to rs Ihut them ic Conqueror the thickell they could: Houfcs, and latcvcr came gave Orders I taken San- oufes : But )f Trumpet, Vrnis, which : were (bund :lves at the of being fa- ndeed, who who enter- their Affi- Origioe to )ers of them There were from the Fu- er was corn- only on the But the roops were nd Tyrians il Spe<5tacle ors of Car- •e I f/hiie he extcndal Ins Pardon, on account of tlic Sacrcdncls of their M'«jimI,, Cliar.u'lcr; hut at ilic lame tunc tkclarcd his Intentions ot War a ^ZllTu^'i', , i>aiii(l thcif ^'"•fy* ''» '•"'" ••"' '•''* """■<^ important Affairs wouUI give /. .»« ( i. " him leave. Thus was the City ot Ivn- taken in the levcntli Month ''"«^' of the Suy,c, of whole ancient (jlory in maritime Affairs wc have already lulficicntiv Ipokcn in the foregoing Sheets. from heme /llcxitnHi'r rcpaircil ro iit4£.ay ordering HcPheJliori a- long tlic Coall oii'bcrniiia, and to meet hiin with the Klcct at that I'laa', where he received Advice that Amphotnm and /Iplociun, with a Navy of a hundred ;;nd fixty Sad, iiad reduced to )iis Ohc tliciice all the Hlaiuls between Cinece and y///a, where, in the Rc- iliK'fioii of (,'hios, they had taken twelve "t'ctfian (iailics of three Tire of Oars each, with all ihcir Equipage, and tlut yfriJfo»i(iti, Tyranr of iMithymnc, arriving at the lame Place, which he thouglir yet in the Haiuls of the U'ltjians, was there taken Priloncr. /lie- Aliunlcnj. xandn, having made hinileit Mailer of Gaza, he hallcned on to- *"'.'''J/'.^»- wards //{^y/'/, having firll diliutched //wyw/rfJ with ten (iailics to I.y'j,,'. "Jju Macedonia for Kecrnits, and u\c /li^yptiansy who had long groan »'tn'iis. let fire to, and burnt themlelves and their Effcdls. As Alexander was in one of his Barges, taking a View of rhc Citadel of this Town, which was firuated vvlierc the Accfne and Hydajpcs fall into the In- dus, as hath been before oblcrvcd, he narrowly cfcapcd bciojj drown- ed, ,\\ U' w-m U' mi !"'f if j|;;i If' li '•'[v^; ! 1 ! =1. . i( d:t»yroiiJ!y ivountied. ft'.ils feme I'erfcns to ilif- cover the In- dl.in Ocean, hums his Ships in In- dus, 1 04 Naval Tratifdtiions before the Book II. cd, the ConllucHCC of all thofc Rivers c.uillnij a very rapid Current there, ill acknowledgment ot" which Deliverance, he railed an Altai to each River, whereon having iacriftccd, he went on toward the Country of the Oxidr/tCtC, and letting down before their chief Ci- ty, was dauL^eroudy wounded. No Iboncr was he cured than he nuriued his Voyage down the River buliis to the Ocean, where he built levcral Cities on the Coafls, as Monuments of his Glory. He gave Orders to Nearchiis ^wdOiicficrii'iis , who were molt skilled in Navigation, to take the flrongcft and bed built Ships of the Fleer, and penetrate as far into the Ocean on that fide as they could with Safety, and then return to him either np the lame Ki\cr Indus, or the Euphrates ; the former of whom (as Plutarch tells us in the Life of Alexander) having coalkd along Arabia, Aith'iop'ta, and Lybia, came about to the Pillars of //cvr/z/f J, and returned through the Mediterranean to Macedonia. Early the next Spring letting fire to molt of his Ships which would have been ulclels in his Return, he ereded Altars on anlfland in the Mouth of the Indus, around which, as the Goal of his Race, and the Limits of his Empire, he caulcd himlelf to be rowed in one of his nimbleft Gallies, when making Libations to Neptune, he threw the golden Cups he made uic of in that Ceremony into the Sea, and crcdted au Altrr to him and the Goddels Tethys, praying for a lafc Return : Then having diltributcd among his Friends the Governments oi India, he let forwards towards Babylon by Land, receiving Advice in his way that AmbalTadors from Carthage, and the other Cities of Afrlck, as alio from Spain, Gaul, Sicily, Sar- dinia, and Ibmc Cities oi Italy, attended his Arrival : But he was no Iboner come to Babylon with dcfign, as one would think, to ce- lebrate the Convention of the whole Univerle, than at one of his Eublick Entertainments, Poilbn (as fome have fuppofed) was given ira, of which in few Days he died, in the thirty third Year of his Age, and thirteenth of his Reign. Thus fell Alexander, not by \ any hoftile Attempt, but the treafonable Contrivances of his own Subjcds, or, as others have related, of a Debauch. It appeared from his private Papers, containing Minutes of what he intended to do, which after his Death were read in a publick Alfcmbly of the principal Officers of the Army, that he defigncd to have given Orders to the People of Thoenicia, Syria, Cilicia, and Cyprus, to get ready a Fleet of a thouland Gallies, larger than thofc of three Tire of Oars then commonly ulcd, for an Expcdirioii againft the Carthaginians, and other maritime People oi Ly'jia, S^ n, Italy, and Sicily, purpofing to reduce to his Obedience tiic Wiiolc Coafl oi Africk as far as the Pillars oi Hercules, and all the Mediterranean Sea : And for the Reception and Entertainment of lb great a Fleet, he intended to make convenient Harbours, with well furnifli'd Naval Arfenals, in the Places mofl: commodioully fi- tuate for that purpofe. A fit Succefibr was wanting to fo great a Kin^-, and lb excellent a Captain, but the Weight of Empire was too great for any other finglc Pcrlbn to bear : However, for the prefent, 'Perdiccas was s made dus at Baby Ion by Poifon Tear ef the WcrU, 3^)1.; r-f, ander's Lifetime, with great Vigour and DiHgence, the Occafion „» a vigiZls whereof was this. Alexander, in his Return from India, had dif- "^-j'- ^'""fi patched Letters into Greece , commanding all the Cities to recall ^j^'^'"'^^^ their Exiles, except only fuch as were guilty of Murder ; which te Letters being read in the Prefence of all Greece, then aflembled at the Olympick Games, occafioned great Commotions, becaufe Icve- ral had been banifiied their Country not legally, but by the Fa(ili- ons of the gre^: Men; who now began to apprehend that, if they were rcftorcd, they would foon come to have a greater Intereft in the Government than thcmfclves. For this Reafon many of theie Cities openly murmured, '■ "f^ gave our, that they would defend their Liberty by Force of .ins. The chief Promoters of this Inlurrcdion were the Athenians and /Etolians, which when Alex- ander came to undcrftand, he ordered his Allies to furnilh him with athoufand Gallies to carry on the War in the Weft, relblving with a powcrllil Army to level Athens with the Ground ; whereupon the Athenians raifcd an Army of thirty phoufand Men, and, with two hundred Ships, inadc War upon Antipatcr, to whole Share the Go- vernment of Greece fell ; but finding that he declined the Hazard of a Battel, and covered himfelf within the Walls of the City Hera- clcoy they clofcly bcfiegcd him. Leonatus, who had the Govern- P ment liidip Siiiiii-if* to6 Naval Travfathons before the Book 11. AuiipniiT t.ihfi Alliens, ( '.iir.iiuii'i ^n PI Maccilon. IVai luinli out Icixircn Aiilinmuis. rtcilciiiy, o"f WW kilh Alexan- der J Rdali- cni. incnt of Hellc/pontus and "Phryiia Minor^ advancing with all Kx- pcdition to his Relief, was himlcTf flain ; mi ylnitpatcry by the Ae- ccflTion of thcic Forces, judging himlclf a Match lor the Enemy, who had now railed the Siege, he left Ihrailea^ and marched his Troops into Macedoma^ whence he advanced to Athens ; which, after a Ihort Siege, was liirrendcrcd to him, he obliging the Athcnt- aus to chanije the Government of the People to ilut of the l-cw, and to receive a Garrilbn of Maccdouiaus into Mtin^chta. On the Death oi yhttipatcr, the Maccdouiaus were divided into two K.idi. ons, one of which was for (Jajdander, the other for 'PolypcrchoHy m the Intcrcll of the former of whom were the great Men oi Athens, < and in that of the latter the Commons ; but CaJlaitdcr prevailed, and porteflcd himlclf of tliat Kingdom, having paved his way to the Tluone by the Murder oi Aridaus, liiothcr to Alexander the Great, and his Wile Eitrydiccy and of Otywpias, Alexander^ Mo- ther. f3y this time there had fallen of the SucccfTors of that Prince !Pfl- lypcrchon^ Cfatcriis, 'Perdiccas, and liutrtctics, the reft taking part cither with Ant'tgonus or 'Ptolemy, the Demands of the latter of whom, and of liis Confederate?, L'ajfander., Lyfitnacbus., aiul Se- h'HCHs, were, that an equal Dividend ihouKi be made both of the Provinces, and of the Booty taken fincc the Death of Enmc»:s, but Antigonus refuled to have any Sharers with himlclf in 'he I'lo- fits of the War: And that he might have an honourable Prctcnic on his fide to break with thcni, he gave out that he was rclblvcd to revenge the Death of O/yw/'/./.f, who was llain by iJapittde}., and to deliver the Son of his Prince, anil his Mother from the Imprilon- ment they were kept in by him ; w hereupon "Ptolemy and Citffan- der entered into a T.cague with Lyjimacbiis and Selcncin, and car- ried on the War with all imaginable Vigour both by Sea and Laud. ''Ptolemy at this time pofTelTed y?j,)jy/'/, with ..yprus and "Phcentck, and the greater part of Africk. Macedonia and Greece were un- der Oill'aHder's (loverr.mcnt ; and as tor Ant'igonusy he had Ajk, with moft part of rhe Eaft, having lately dilpolTelTed Seleiicus (\i the Government of BabyloHy and the adjacent Provinces he had made himlelf Mafter of After Icvcral bloody Battels fought witli various Succels, they came to a Treaty, that each fliould retain the Provinces he had; thzt Alexander's Son by Roxane., when at Age, Ihould be made King ; that Oilfander Ihruld be Captain General ot EuropCy and that mcClrcctans Ihould live after their own Laws; But tliis Agreement was not long kept, for each of them endea- voured, under any Pretence, to enlarge the Bounds of his Domini- ons, and this with the Icls Rcftraint, for that Ihortly after CW//d/W(r not only took of! that Son f^i Alexander's^ for whom they pretend- ed thv;mlelves Adminiftrators, with his Mother Roxane, but alio his natural Son llerculu, and Arjtnc the Mother rf that Sou likcwilc. Under Pretence of enforcing the Execution of that Article ol the forelaid'l'icaty, relating to the Kreedoin of Cj recce, Antigoti fitted out a torniidablc Hect at Ej^hejits, where were alio got read) t a ecu ■A 'I ■I Chap. )^ a confidcrab which lie c procure to a to bcj^in wi riloi, Wh( ready to lai Rcalons to dcfigiietl fill raiii^ a lealei not to open had U'catlici IKcr their C wc learn fro Indaiii-c 111 hahly it iiiigl nioii Rcajoii 'Pol),tnus h. living with k\\ Days ol- fdhdcr in /U llorcd that 1' rctliiccd the fiirthcr Inllrii by the levcra tranlad wha to repair bin vours to red rahic I'orce ''Bemetrtu. Rhodes, cnd( ilicii made a /('wv; but tl u.is the Gro From thence Re intorceinc liftceii tlioiila twerry (iallii paliint; over a Town on tl (iailics alliori Kctrciiclimcii iurpii/cil (Jai when leaving Camp ami sii lie was met I: an Army of lloiie, with ' oMiqcil him t the 'bell Pofli cd Mcllcngcr ■•ii Chap. XL DiffblMtionofthcRom. Empire, 107 a coiifidcrabic Body of Troops 'o be embarked, the Command of all wliiclt lie commicred to his Son 'Demetrius, with Inltrudlioiis to Dcnimiiu procure to all the Cities oi Greece their ancient Liberties, and firll i"" ^'^'nh a to begin Willi Athens, wherein Caffander maintained a (Irony Gar- (^^''/("I'ftce. rilon When the Land-Forces were all on board, and the Fleet was ready to lail, '■Demetrius thinking it neccflary, for Ibmc particular Rcaions to keep lecrct, as long as poflibly might be, the Place he dcfi^iicd fuft to repair to, he delivered out to t'.ic rclpedivc Cap- raiiis .1 Idled Paper, virh Orders, if they kept Company together, nor to open the lame, bur if they Ihould happen to be leparated by had Went her, or any other Accident, then to break it opcu, and Iker their Courlc to the Place therein direded. This Circumllancc we leaiii horn 'Polya'Kus in his Book of Stratagems, and is the firlt liid.UKC in Hillory of the IJle of a Icalcd Rende/.vous, though pro- bably it might have been often enough ulcii before, being what com- moii Rcalou mult neceflarily didtate on lijch Occafions, however i'o/),eHus happcii'd ro think it worthy of a Place in his Work. Ar- itviiig with the Fleet at the 'Piraus, he took it by Alfault, and in fcuDays obliged 'Z)<7//fY;/'//,r 7^/W>//s, he landed liis Troops not far from Garpajia, a Town on the, North Fall fide of the Ifland ; and there drawing his dallies adiore, which, as well as his Camp, he Iccurcd with a ftrong Kerieiieliincnr, he made Incurfions into the adjacent Country, and luipii/.cd (larp{' 1 . i;|i|"'l I i**!^ Iilira ■ m ■■■iO|._„. i :.i:..r.:'r: „".. ,." ",:'Vi ■ I |i : liif «M 1 1 o Navid Tratijat}i(nis lujorc the Book II. Ihf Ihiin.i;/ il.ni III I'liilr iny'i Itiil I icin; liiin ( >)i jiin I ' y Aiiiti'.'i'i'i- lilhi !!■'• II lit kI I III'. .„ Ji.l ' I'lulciitXti. I Anii/'.'iiiiri .iilniilli /I (','/|il III u.ini. '■■•■I'"' ll Ullll/I I'll.,,!.-.. cordiiii^ly cxct:iirc«l l)is Orders, and oMi^cd rlic rcri Gallic; '/htnr tniix ii.ul Ictr rlicrc, to retire under the SliDrc to the Protodlmn ot the I-aiid lories : IJiit liiii)j)eiiiii^', to arrive too late to have a Share in the riii).',agerueiit, tiiey all reriiriied tr) Stilinuis Sill h was the I'.veiit of this Naval Mattel, wherein forty f)f 7'/o limy''^ Ciallies were liiiik, aixl all their Men diowiied, ciiMity more, hciiii', very iiimh IharteiM, were taken, together with moll ol ihc Tr iiilporis, \vlii( h Iml on IJoard them ei^'jii thonland Men; and all tins wnh no otlur F.ols thin the ililahlinj; twenty of ''/)rf,/rfniis\ (iailies, yet nor li) ninth, hnl that, wi'h the nciefTary Care, tliry were put nito a Coiulilion for Service .i).',ain. "'/'fo/rr/iy givmj', up Cylnus lor loll, luaile the hell oMiis Way for //',(,')'/'/, while V>c»», (riusy ill the mean time, improved his Snrtrls hy the Kcdndlion dI all the Towns ol tlu: Ifland, wlieic he took ahove fixtccn thoiil;ini| I'oot Soldiers, and fix hiindied Hoilc, whieh he iiuorporated amoii;> his own l^iof)jis. He diljiatihed a (ially with fome Perlons of (^>ii.i lily to give an Acioiint of, and to tongratiilate /liitiv^vuin on iln, Victory, who tlu reiipoii pni on a Regal Diadem, and from tlui tiiiir Ji)r\vard took to hiiiilell the Title of King, with wliuh he hkcwilr honoured his Son ''DiDiitriin ' 'nlnny^ nothing the hninhler \m his late I ofTes, wore .iKo a DMiiem, and laiiled hmilelf to Ik- pio ilainiul King, aiul, in Imitation of tlieic, Silriirns and dtiH.iiiilir, tOL',clher with I .\fiintuhii\ nlinped the lame Tftle: And now /I::" V^'inin r( I ailing, hi. Son fnim (';'•* m^., got tt)getlier a vail Army in Sy nt-i Willi u Im h iiiulc/voufiin., at (.i(i:.-:,n^ he marehed tf)vvai(i ,7i gyf't, ordciiiig '/>wr/^//ii ro loall it along with the Meet, to ai'l in Conicil will' him, asOiuifioii lliniild ollir; l>;it VVwA wy had nude lo go(;il Preparation for his Kdeption, hoth l>y Sea and I ami, l)y )lacmi', llioiig (lariilons in the Ironfier Towns toward Syria (wlinc le had alio ready a (lying < 'unp to harrals the I'lnimy) and will giiaidii g tlu Monili', of- the /V//r hy eonfiderahic Nitnil)ers ol Ships, that Anit\>ji)Hns was oMig'd io reiiiiM to Syria with his Army and Meet, tioiii this fiuillds l.xp' ditton Thf next \ ear he llioiiglii fit lo piolonite his Keleiitmentsaj'|,ii"(l \\\z kJwiU'l I'll 4 ■ Illy, that they were highly e(len ail Sides. IJy this i having, fiijoycd a long Peate and lloniilliing Coinmeri e, they Im « «)inred prodigious Wealth and Power, inloniiich that, at tlicirown C hatg.i , ihiy look upon ilniii, fiir the Serviic of (irit(r in j'.cik ral, to (it out a formidahh I Icct to lioiir the Sea of Pnalev, wlml thry < ffc'tiully did, not lnit that they had at the lame time ih > own pailiiiilar Adv ant i,-'-, hy providing, for the Seuiiiiy «'l 'h' 'J fade Diiiiii',' ail ih' ( ontenti'iiis lictween the Sir cefl (>is o I ///n andcVy the as noi to gi lied to fiivo ili'-y Kceiv( njlioii ol ti Willi tlicTin t I'AjK'diiion llcrs thai th that Sriviie Order, to tl deil to ,'/',(j 1 I not fullering lilK"., and (! to lay Sicqc pell hy decK Iriiiii laiihafl wai wiih r iiig with hill pereiiiptoiily a (Iroiig I'or ilidiiM i)L- rea ple.iled lie 1111)11 coiifidci hour will) III liM(iri/.e their Dclrme. ''Diiiii'trtin p.iiaiu)iis f()r (■allies, an In on hoanl all ^ tlioiilaiid Slii|) who followed Willi iliis I'on and I. and, am inriii while tl (rives with in llroycfl his M Willi all imagi ilii: Km my, a; iiiofi CHOI moil nhiw ihrec tli iiiiis in the ll ill' Ml, lie was 'Mi<: Sieg'. I tiin having al CDmririui \\ i<^^(^\i\\ li((|u •'"lues, and, ; •ii|< iiiatiets to lii'l murpolcij CiMP. XI Difjoliition of the Rom. I'jnpn c. 1 1 1 •i '•Dcmt c'dlionot j"** I Share in * or '/Vfl. ity miirr, A\ ot I he I ; mill all •nirtnin\ arc, rlicy \\\vw\\ up Iiidinri ol I tll()ill;lll(i :c(l aiiioii|i IS of ( )iia- //r on I Ills I that time V h law lie iiii)hlcr tor to he pro- (.'////.indir, now //.■.'/'• I Army in oward ,f'- |l, lo ad in had inailc I and, liy 7/; (wlii'ic i) and wdl s ol Slii|i', Army ami /■III mil /if- u.'Hf 1/1;; Ann I'nlill', a>t(J<>\ ilicy l>:'«l hchavctl thcmldvcs witlr the i',rcati(l Caution, lo as Moi ro I'.ivc OHl-ncc lo any, bur in tlicir Hcaits wore moll nuh- nal to fiivoiir 'I'tolfxy, as bcini" Mailer ot tiiat t'oiintry from vvhicli iln-y Kciivcd the ^rcatcll Ailv.iiitai^v;s m ilitit I'ladc-; which Inch- njt 11)11 ol liitirs AnligoHm rakmii; notiic- ol, cndcavoiiicd to picvail Willi ihctm to abaiulim th*: Kricmllhip ol his Kiiciiiy, and, when the I'.xiKdiiioii a^amM < '\prKS \\eret)rtt» lei/.c all the Mer»haiits that iia ded to ,/',ijV/'/, Willi tiieir Shirs ami Kllet'ts. 'I his the Rlu) Inyiiii Holti- hues, and (liawn upon ilieinleUes a inii War, ihrcateiimv', wiihall lo lay Sic^ir to their tity ; hiii they endeavoured lo divert iliis I'eni- Mcll hy deiieciii^ extraordinary Nonotirsto //A//;t{o«//,i, and hy a lo- Iriiiii I'.mbaMy luiinliiy prayeil liiat he would not l()uc them lo a VVai Willi /'/(v/rw/v, eoniiaiy to ihe laiih ol then Treaties Inbdll- mi^ with him, and the law ot Naiioiis; notwithnaiulmj.', whuh he nereiiipioiily mfilletl on his Demaiuls, and Iciidiii}', 7)('w/(,7;/kj with M/.'/./il'r a llroiii; I'orec to iiivell the plaee, they let hun know that rjiey "" "I'm ',' i^ Ihmild he ready ro aliill his laiher aj',aiiill H'lolcmy whenlocvcr he ""' rlraled. He not lalisCietj with this, ilomanilcd a Hundred of their Khdilrl III vrlini h l)r llllMilHS. I- -a mull eDiifidiraMe Men as ll'iHai'es, and Leave to enter their I- ;; hour Willi his Meet ; hut the Rhu/itiiii.f liiipeOling he dcfii'iicd u< liirpn/.c thcin, iclolved to lullain the War, and (ucpared lor their Delriii e. "Dim'trtus, on the other hand, was no Ids diligent in his Pre '''■'•i be made on.- ot a iiifill ciioimoiis Magnitude, In-iitf.', nine Stones hi^h, which reqinreil .< /..n./Hiww iilwive three tlioiiland llroiii' Mm to move it: From his peculiar (jc- '"i'"" '"'''' iiiiis in the Invenlion ot wliuli Imiimiks, and the Ule he mane ot llinn, he was firnameil "I'ohorti tc.\\ or tlie llefie^er o( Towns The Sic^',e had now lalled almoll twelve Months, for rhc HhoiU- tiin h.ivini» all along kept i heir C'onimiinii a! ion open to the '^ea, ('DnHtinm not beinp, able to nuke hiinlelt Mailer ol the Harbnui,) inrivcd treipjcnt Supplies Iroui "I'lolftny and other conleileratcd I'liiucs, and, at leni^th, altei iiiuny iiitflet'lnal Aiiempis lor bring ini? matters to a rompofitniM, (lor whuh tiveial Cities and States liiil iiitctpDied tlun I'ood Ollues,) Amii\^(iiii4s, from tlic Ailvuxs his Sou ;■ 1:1! !H fii' * !L i:i- !\\ ;;",■ I f\' I. iiill yt Peace ccr.- ciiiltii Willi ihs Rhodians, Oeinelrius ftiiceeils It the rtjloring l.i- Lcriy to Clid'Cl.-. 1 1 2 Naval Tranfathons Icforc the Book II. Son lent him of their moft obftinatc Defence, clcipairm;^ ot redu- cing them, gave him private Iaftru(ftions to come to an Agrcemcni on any rcalbnablc Terms. He waited a proper Opportunity to do this with a good Grace, which foou offered ; for although Vtolmy liad acquainted them by Letter that he would lend them a Rem- forccmcnt of three thouland Men, and a Supply of Corn, yet he it the lame time advilcd them, if they could gain any good Icrmy, to come to a Corapofition u ith Antigonus, of which 'Demetrius having Advice, he made Ulc of the Ambafladors of the Mtoliaus, who were come to be Mediators, to open the Matter, and ib at iaft a Peace was concluded on thefe Conditions, that the City of Rhodti ihould receive no foreign Garrilbn, but Ihould enjoy all its Revenues; That the Rhodians lliould aid Anti^omis \\\ his Wars on all Occa- fious, except againft 'Ptolemy ; and that, tor the Performance thereof, they ihould deliver up an hundred Hoftagcs, luch as 1)emetr'm iliould make Choice ot; excepting thofc that had gone through the Offices of Stare. Having concluded this Treaty, he purfuant to fiirther Inftrudiions from Autigouus, croflTed the Aigean., and repaired to Aiilis, a Port of Bceotta, to perfedt the Work he had begun of reftoring the Liber- ty of Greece, which Cajfander now ravaged with a powerful Army, There landing his Troops, he marched againft Cajfander, and obli- ged him to retire beyond the Pals oiTbermopyla, recovering all the Country he had over-ran, and reftoring all the Cities to thcit Freedom as he paflTed; after which, he, in a general AfTembly of the Grecians at the IJihmian Games, lb far prevailed as to be conftitu- ted Generalilfimo of Greece, in the lame manner as 'Philip and Alex- ander had been; but while thclc thinys were domg, he received Advice that 'Ptolemy, Seleucus, and the other confederated Princes were marching againft his Father with their united Forces, upon which he went over into A/ia, and there joining Battel with the Enemy, Antigonus loft his Life therein, but he faved himlclf by Flight. Then repairing on board his Fleet, he laid wafte the CherfonefuSf had Athens again furrender'd to him, defeated the Lacedamonians, and poflefled himlclf (»f the Kingdom of i\//«ff^(?«, putting to Death tile Winder the Sou oi Cajfander. He allb invaded Thrace, fubdued the Bueotians, and having made himlclf Mafter of Theses, declared War againft 'Pyrrhus, King oi E/>irus, \\ ho had leizcd on Part of Macedonia, to whofp Aid mufidcrable Forces were fcut by Seleucus^ LyfimachHs, nwAPtotemy^ the latter of whom alfo fitted out a fotmi- dableFleet, which advancing toward Grff^f l\tuck a mighty Tcrrout along the Coafts; and the Macedonians revolting to Pyrrhus^ 'Demetrius thought it tunc to provide for his Safety by Flight; wherefore laying afide his Enfigns of Royalty, he, in mean Attire, and with a flcndcr Retinue, withdrew to the City Cajjandria, from whence repairing to Thebes, he pafled over into AJia, where being taken by Seleucus, he died in Priibn, leaving his Son Antigonus, to whom T)emctrtus the younger fucceeded m the Throne of Macedo- »ia After him reigned Antigonus-'Dofo, Philip, and Terfeus, in X liieceflive Aiiligoiuis y/.i/« m Alia. iJertiettiiis rtcovin A- tliens, biats the (.ipca(b the Manes of Sichtetit, prcviou<; to a new Marriage, offered icvcral Sacrifices, and tlun alcciuling the Pile with a drawn Sword in her Hand, Ihe, in this Tofturc, told the People Ihe was I'oing to her Husband as they had advilcd her, and immetliatcly llaBbed her Iclf. This City ot Carthage was built an hundred and eighteen Years before Rnnw, and the Valour of its Inhabitants fbon rciukr'd it ve- ry famous, whole firll Efforts abroad were in Sri/y, where they lought with Succels a long time ; but removing the Scene to Sardi- t/ifit there they loft the Flower ol" their Army, and, after a bloody Dilpucc, were totally defeated. Enraged at thclc Loflcs, they Icn- tcnccd their General i^//7/«w (under whole Command they had con- quered great Part of Sicily, and performed fcveral noble Exploits a- gainll the y/fricansj with the Remainder of the Army that were left alive, to Banilhrncnt; who tranlporting his Troops to Africa, befieged and rook the City, andpuniihed the Authors of his laklBa- iiilhnient : However being not long after acculcd of a Dcfign to make himielf King, he was [nit to Death. But many Years before this Makus, the Carthaginian Power was grown very Ibrmrdable, witncls the potent Fleet and Army they fcnc to Sicily, in Concert with Xerxes, when he undertook an Ex pedition againft G^wrt' .• Which confifting of five thouland Sail, and three hundred thouland Men, the Ships were all deftroycd, and the Men killed, together with Amilcar their General, by Gehn kingot the aforeiaid Illand, as vvc hive before related. Notwithftanding the Greatncl's of this Lois, they wcte not difcouraged, but with a new giimn iiut Fleet and Army again invading Sicily, they received a fignal Dcfcx '"e'jujTy^Hi- at Sea from Hieron, King of Syracufe, wno fluHicd with this Sue cefs, fent his Fleet againft the Tyrrhenians (a People that very much infefted the Seas of Sicily with their Piracies and Depreaations) wherewith he ravaged the Ifland ALthaha, (now Elba) and all the Coafts of the Tyrrhenians';., made a Delcent en Cyrnns, aftcrMi'ardi known by the Name of CorJFca, when artadeing /Erhalia again, he reduced it to his Obedience, and returned to Syracufe loaden with , Spoils. After the Overthrow of the Athenians in Sicily, the People of Segcjia, who had cipoulcd their Caule againft the Syracujdns, called over the Carthaginians to their Aid, and they accordingly lent to them a Fleet under the Command oi 'Hannibal, the Grandlbn of that Amilcar who was (lain by Cclon. He fbon took and deftroycd the Cities of Selinus and liimera, and returning to Carthage, was received with great Dcmouftrations of Joy, the Senators themfelves coming out to meet him ; but after his Departure from Sicily, Hn- mocrntes. Admiral of the Syracufan Fleet, rc-cftablilhed the Re mainder of the Inhabitants of thole Places in the Ruins of their Ci- ties, and encouraged them to re build them, which they imtncdi ately let about, and gained confiderablc Advantages over the Co/ fA^_g;«/«« Confederates. To revenge this Dilhonour, Haftnibaln'> joined m Cosnmiftiou with Htmilco the Son of Hofino, and placed at the Head of another Fleet, who detached forty Gallies before them I ts Iht Canh.v eton. Hieiuii hi Hani!ib.\l [ent to .lid thvic of Segcllj. to the Co lollow wit the forty elcajiiiig b paired witl Troops, tl of ilic ri.ii wherein he SilicitinsJ that rheFl( w I'.'.TC lie [ he had bcei diiciiig ro t His Siicl whom luce Captains tli gular Di(ci| ylfrican C( Sons, who were Heirs They were War in Sar died, leavir The genera having pa(T( made his Dt Enemies of Rcpublick c rccour/c for which eiifuc hoih by Sea was flain, I thclc Himilc cily, he defe ments by Sc icrwards by through Gri( The Cart. dcrcd that ih endanger the he tranlportc ployed, as tt in Sicily Gal Arlenal near for the Rccet cnces for bu tliol^ Greciaf, fcateci them, cing the Cou ^epbyrii, int( Ch AP XIl. Diffolution of the Rom. Empire. 1 1 5 to the Coan where they intended their Dcfccnr, dcfigning foon to tollow with their whole Force ; but the Syracujaus taUing in with the forty Gahics ofT of ' Eryx , liink fifteen of thcni , tlic reft cleaning hy favour of the Night. The two Generals hereupon re- paired witli the red of the Fleet to J^ri^nifNW, where landing their Troops, they laid fucc to that Town, during which Hafiuibal died of the ri.iyu^'; MdniMilto (after Icvcral luccelsful Engagements, wherein he hi fhmc Ibrt revenged the Death of his Collcguc on the SiluiansJ finding the contagious Diftcmper raging rant <: fierce, and that the Flower of his Troops were deftroyed, returned to Carthage, w'./.TC lie pur ail end to his IJfc, in a Fit of Delpair and Rage hat he had been il.us forced to abandon Sicily, which he was lb near re- ducing to the Obedience of Carthage. His Succciror in the Cjcuerallliip was Maleus bcforemcntion'd, to whom fucct'cdcd Mago, who was the firft of the Carthaginian Captains that inrrodu.cd among them any thing of a (Irid and rc- oular Diiciplinc. He having lubducd mod of the Iflands on the Jfrican Coall, was fuccccdcd by /l/Hrubal and Amilcar, his two Sons, who treading the lame Paths of Glory their Father had don?, were Heirs to his Grcatncls and Bravery, as well as to his Fortune. They were both joined in CommilFion for the Management of the War in Sardinia, \\\\Qrc ylfdrtibal was defpcratcly wounded, and died, leaving the Command of the Army to his Brother y^w/Zf^r. The general Lamentation which was made for him in the City (he having pafTed through eleven Didlarorlhips, and four Triumphs) made his Death as remarkable as it was glorious, and hereupon the Enemies oi Carthage took frelh Courage, as if the Genius of that Rcpublick expired with their General. The People of Sicily had rccourfc for Aid to Leonidas, Brother to the King o{ Sparta, on which cnfued a bloody War, which was carried on for a lone time, both by Sea and Land, with various Succefs, rill at length Amilcnr was (lain, leaving three Sons, Himilco, Hanno, and Gifco. Of thcicfJiffiilco, being conftituted General tor the Cart haginiat/x in Si- cily, he defeated 'Diotiy/i'tis, Tyrant of Syracttfe, in feveral Engage- ments by Sea and Land, but loft the greateft Part of his Army af- terwards by the Plague, upon which he returned to Carthage, where through Grief he laid violent Hands on himfelf. Thz Carthaginians being forced out of Sicily, 'Diouy/ins confi- dcrcd that lb great an Army lying at home without Action, migiit endanger the Repofe and Tranquillity of his Kingdom ; wherefore he tranlported them to Italy, as well to keep them perpetually era- ployed, as to enlarge the Bounds of his Dominions. He firft built in Sicily Gallies with five Tire of Oars, and made alfo a maritime Arlcnal near Syracnfe , wherein were a hundred and fixty HouJcs for the Reception of his Naval Stores, with all necefTary Conveni- ences for building and fitting his Ships; and making War upon tholf- Grecians which inhabit the oppofitc Shores of Italy, he de- feated thcin, attacked moft of the neighbouring People, and redu- cing the Country of the Rhegians , together with the Locri Efi- zephyrii, intended to join his Arras with the Senonian Gauls, who Q^z had iht Syracii- fill! iltjiro-) I fvcral (laUiet c' Cirtliastt. ' 'I'lfjMIUI ilfl Montf. l/'.c I'ia^ue. Wm'.o fuUuit ffvti.U /. jhnds. Af'lrubaly?,//), at Satiiinu. Amikar/Miw. Himilco ii-.; Dionyfin* ■•' tiyracuif, but kills k.th I'',', Conquejh made by U;- onyfius. His A r fin at xfarSytacu:;. i I ^}]\ r I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 2f |j4 "^ ^ "^ 1^'^ ■it <^ ^ *> ^w .^^ V Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0 (716) 872-4503 f\ <^ S'. 4e>.\ 4^ ;\ Ijf[, I 'Nil l")ionyfiiis jlain by his SitbjcHs. A.M. 358X. The younger OionylUis talres Syr.t- cuie. l):onyfiusi(«- 7iifliid, ami dies. 116 Naval TranfaSions hefore the Book II. had lately burnt Rome ^ and afterwards to try his Fortune for the Cooqucft of all Italy ; bur, in the midft of thcfc Dcfigns, he was forced to return home, whcrcHanHOf the Cart/jaginiau Genera], was laying wafte his Dominions. Hanno was found guilty of ibmc treafouabk Contrivances againft the State, for which he fu(7crcd Death, and 'Dionyfius becoming odious to his People, by his Pride, Ambition, and Cruelty, was at length (lain by his own Subjedts, and his elded Son, of the fame Name, fet up in his room; who be- ing in a fliort time expelled Sicilyy was received by the Locreufis, with whom reigning tyrannically fix Years, he was at length driven out of their City by a Confpiracy, and returned to Sictly\ where having Syracufe lurrcnder'd to him by Treachery, he flew ©/o, to whole Courage and Conduct was owing his Defeat in a Sea- Fight off Leonfi»m, and his Expulfion from the Kingdom. Becoming c- very Day by his Cruelty more hateful to the People, he was again expofcd to a new Confpiracy of the Citizens, headed by Icetes, Prince of the Leontinest affided by Timoleon the Corinthian^ by whom being forced into Baniibment, he retired to Corinth^ where he lived, in extreme Poverty and Indigence, to a very advanced Age. Timoleon placing a Garrifon of Corinthians in the Citadel, Icetes was fo enraged at it, that he called MagOy the Carthaginian AJtni ral, to his AfiTillance, and with a Fleet of a hundred and fifry Sail, entered the Haven of Syracufe : However, Mago being apprchen- five of a Reconciliation between them, and fearing that by the Si- cilians and Corinthians^ uudci a Shew of Friendlhip, he might be deluded to his Deftruiftion, he returned with his Fleet to Carthage. Timoleon^ after his Departure, having confiderably the Advantage, hxoxi^t Syracufe entirely to his Obedience ; which being cxhaulfed of great Numbers of its Citizens by the long Wars, he re- peopled with Corinthiansy and putting to Death, or expelling the Tyrants in moil of the Cities oiSicily^ rcftorcd the greateil part of that Ifland to its ancient Liberty. The Carthag'-nians having, on account of Ibme Misbehaviour, nailed to the Crois the Body of Mago, who had laid violent Hands on himfelf, got together from jffriciy Spaiu, Gaul, and Lyguriay an Army of feventy thoufand Men, with a Fleet of two hundred Gallies, and a thouiand Vi<5tualling Ships and TranfportSy which they lent under the Command of Hannibal and Bomilcar to Sicily , in order to extirpate all the Grecians out of that Ifland; but they being totally defeated by Timoleon y Gifco, the Brother of Hannoy was liibflituted in their room. This Succels of Timoleon's Arms had fuch an Influence on the Carthaginians, that, foon after Hanno's Arrival in Sicilyy they fent him inftruSi- ons to make Propolals of Peace . which was at length agreed to, on thefe Conditions. That the Carthaginians fliould quit all Pre- tenfions to any part of Sicily beyond the River Lycus, which was to be their Eaflcrn Boundary in that Ifland ; that they fliould not for the future liipport any of the Tyrants there ; and, laftiy, that I'uch, of the Carthigtnians as had their Effcdts at Syracufe might be permitted to (cttle there with their Families. . Timol'm Timoleon brinfs Syra- cufe to his O- beiiience, and reJloresSici\y to Libirly. A. M. 3607. Caithagiiii.jr.s fend a great t'tett and Ar- my to Sicily, but are ovtrcomt i> Timoleon. Veact between the Caithagi- mans andTx- niolcoii. )e BookII. ^BChap. XII. Difolution of tbeRom. Empire. 117 s Fortune for the : Dcfigns, he was hagtnian General, nd guilty of iomc which he fuflcrcd ople, by his Pride, his own Subjedts, lis room; who be- by the Locreiifcs, as at length driven I to Sicily; where f, he flew 'Dio, to feat in a Sca-Fight jom. Becoming c- oplc, he was again headed by Icetes, ;he Corinthian^ by , to Corinth, where [o a very advanced I the Citadel, Icetes Carthaginian Admi- idred and fifty Sail, 4gtf being apprchcn- iring that by the Si- ndihip, he might be is Fleet to Carthage. ably the Advautaec, hich being cxhaufted tt^ars, he re- peopled elling the Tyrants in ft part of that Ifland ving, on account of ody of Mago, who from J/riciySfaiu, juland Men, with a /"idlualling Ships and ind of Hannibal and the Grecians out of )yTimoleoHy Gifio, •com. This Succels the Carthaginians, fent him inftruSi- It length agreed to, ftiould quit all Pre- ir Lycusj which was hat they Ihould not le ; and, laftiy, that at S^racufe mignt Timolioii TimolioH dying, uigathocles, a Perlbn of very mean Extradtion, I attempted to get into his Hands the Govcrnm(int of Syracufij but failini? in his Defjgn, withdrew in Baniihment to the MurgaHtiness then at War with the Inhabitants of that Ciry, who eleded him \(prtFtor, and afterwards made him their General. In this War he ! rook rhc City of the Le$ntines, sind befteged the Syracujhns, who implored the Aififtancc of yimilcar; which Leader laying afide the Animofity which his Nation bore them, lent the dcfircd Relief; ib tliar at one and the iame time an Enemy defended them with all tlic Zeal and Affcdtion of a Citizen, and a Citizen attacked them wirh all the Fury of an Enemy But Agathocles, by his Artifices, bringing over Amilcar to his Intercft, they came to a Compofition, wherein it was agreed, that Agathocles ihould not only return to Syracufe^ but be mzAc'Prator. The Death of Amilcar^ whole Condudb in this Affair was highly difapproved by the Carthagini- ans, furnilhed Agathocles with a ipecious Pretence to make War on them, whole firlt Engagement was with Amilcar the Son of Gifio, and the Carthaginian Fleet entering the great Haven o( Syracufiy was forced ignominioufly to retire from thence, when an Athenian Gaily falling in with them, they took, and barbaroufly cut ofT the Hands of all her Company. Thence fleering for Mejffanay they were overtaken, off Catauay by a furious Tempefl, wherein many of their Ships were forced alhore, which fell into the Hands of y^- [ gathocles's Soldiers ; and Amilcar, fbon after landing his Forces on the South fldc of the Ifland, encamped in the Geloan Plains, \s\it\(: Agathocles, twice joining Battel with him, was as often de- feated, and the vi<2orious Carthaginians advancing to Syracufe, fate down before that Place. Agathocles, finding he was neither equal to them in Number of Men, nor provided with Neceflaries to luflain a Siege, but above all that his Allies, offended with his violent Behaviour, had aban- doned his Intercfl, he relblved to move the Seat of the War into Africa. A moft bold and aftoniihing Undertaking it was, that he who was not able to keep his own Ground at home, fliould be lb I'anguinc as to attempt a War abroad, and that the Conquered fliould have the Hardincfs to infult the Conquerors. Having landed his Army in Africa, he ordered all his Ships to be fet on fire, that, fincc all hopes of Flight were taken away, his Troops might be fenfible they muft either conquer or die. He was prefcntly met by Hanno with an Army of thirty thoufand Men, whom he entirely I defeated, killing with him three thoufand on the (pot ; whereupon advancing further with his Troops, he encamped within five Miles of the City of Carthage ; and to make up the Meaibre of the Cat- thagimaus Misfortunes, there now came Advice of the entire Lois of their Array and General in Sicily, For Agathocles, upon his ex- traordinary Succeflcs in Africk, di^atching Nearchus with two Gal- lics to Syracnfi with Advice thereof, they in five Days reached that Port, and as they were entering the Haven, fome of the Carthagi- j nian Ships, which lay before the Town, attacked them, at which , the People being alarmed, they came down in great Numbers on the Ai>ailuic1cs tniUjvoiii I to gain Syr.»cu!'c. Agatlioclf-i gains Syr.i- Clllc by miiin- of Amilcar. T/;/j^l der his Obedience, lb that entirely expelling the Carthaginians )mL ',"» A-' thence, he became abfolute Mallet of the whole Country. ♦f'^* Unoii his Return to Africk, he found the Soldiers revolting a- gainlt his Son, becaulc he had delayed the Payment of their Ar- rears ; and lb dilTatisiicd were they, that he found it ncccHary to Iccurc his Pcrlbu by embarking for Syracuje in the lame Ships which had jud brought him from thence; whereupon his Army capitulated with the Cartbaginiansy and liirrendered tnemlclvcs, hill killing/ gathocles's, Sons, whom they had taken as they were endeavouring to elcape with their Father. Alter this, the Carthaginians lent new Commanders into Sicily to prolccutc the War, with ^homAgatho- Aitbinrtrn clcs coucludcd a Pcacc upon realbnabic Conditions ; and having thus ?aiiiollof/ia, to Hydrttntum iu Jtaly^ (now Ofrauto) where it is about fifty Miles over ; but it l>cing A very deep and tempelluous Sea, and the Didance (0 great, he found it impoiliblc ro put his Projed in Execution. He was cerraiiily one of the greateft Inilances of good and bad Fortune which HilVory affords ; lor as in his Protpcrity every thing fell out above his Expectation, witiicfs his Vid:orics in Italy and Stcilyy and lo many Triumphs over the Romans ; f'o now, when the Wheel turned about, this fame Fortune dcllroyed the Work of hv own Haiuls, and increalcii the Lofs of Sicily with the Ruin of his Navy I'yiriiuj «i. at Sea, an unfiicccfshd Battel with x\ic Romans^ and a difhonourabfe '^'"» "'""' Retreat out of Italy. After he had ijuitted Sicily^ llieron was con- "' ^'*' flitutcd chief Magiflrate of the Hland, who behaved himfclf with 16 sup^,li7lf much Moderation, rhat all the Cities, by unanimous Conicnt, made ^"^iiy him their Gencralifliino againll the (Carthaginians ^ and afterwards A m J075. their King. Chap. XIH. Of the Naval I Van of the Romans, from their fii/i vigo- rom /ipplkaliofi to t^oe Sea m the firji Punick JVar^ to the Condnfion of the /'aid ff^ar. TH G Romans having about this time reduced all Itafy to their Obedience as far as the Strcights of Mvlftma^ there they llopt a while, as Florus cxprefl^es it, like a dcvoiuang Flame which has raged through a whole Forcll, till thcCouric of a Riivcr falling througli it, has a little (laycd its Fury. Here having within their View a rich and flourifhiiig Ifland, which icemed, as it were, cut ofTfroin Italy^ they, fince they could not join it by Land, deter- mined to annex it to their Dominions by force of Arms i for at- tcmuting whereof, there oficred a very fpocious Pretence; for jufl at that time, the Mamertinesy a People in the Northern Parts of the inaiul, who were boficged in Mi'lfkna by literon, Xing of Si- cily, implored their Aflillance, and complained of the Csrtfhagim- ans, their late Allies, who now joined with Hieron againll tliem ; which People, as we have ^h-eady «l>fcrvcd, afpircd to the Dominion ' of this Ifland, as well as «he Jiomans ; and, indeed, the principal Motive f Iviuti.tnn Siuly. 1 20 Naval TranJatVwm before the Book II. iVIotivc to this War was their exorbitant Power, they having t.ot only liibducd ///;•/(.■/» , but made thcmlclvcs Mailers of many Places in Spatti^ ro^crhcr with Sardinia^ and all the adjacent Iflands 0:1 the Load of Italy ; lo that the Romans had realbn to look on their Ncij;iibourhood with an Eye ot'Jcalouiy, being, as it were, now iiirroundcd by them. And knowing that they had Dcfigns on Italy it Icit", they tbrcliiw how formidable they would grow by the Ac- cedion of all Sicily to their State, which, unlelis they inrerpolcd ro prevent it, by adilliiig the Mamertincs, they perceived would cer- tainly fall inro their Hands : l-'or fincc AfeJJ'ana would loon he theirs, Syraciip could not then be long able to withdand them, the Tciricory of which two Places contained a principal Part of the Ifland. Maturely conftdcring thelc things, and that it would by no means be lafe for them to abandon thole of AlcH'ana in this Jun- iccc of ;";'/>, I'S! 'Jimlicr they framed a Sta^c or Platform of Boards, four Feet broad, min o^Uin. iiml alxnit eighteen I- cet Ion.',, which was well framed and faflencd with lion. The Entrance was longways, and moved about the fore- l.iiJ iiprii^ht piece of Timber, as on a Spindle, lb that it could be hoilUd up within fix Feet of the top; and about this was a Ibrt of Parapet Knee high, which was defended with upright Bars of Iron lliarpcncd at the ends towards the top of each of which there was a Ring, by which Rings it was Hung, and by help of the Pully hoiftcd and lower'd at Plealiire. With thcfc Machines they attacked the Enemy's Gallies (bmetimes on their Bows, and Ibmetimcs on their IJroadfidcs, as Occafion beft Icrved ; and whenever they thus grappled, if they happened to fwing Broadfidc to Broadftde, they entered from all Parts; but in calc tliey attacked them on the Bow, they entered two and two by the help of this Engine, the fore- mod defending the foie part, and thole which followed the Flanks, kec|)ing the Bols of their B!icklcrs level with the top of the Pa- rapet. ^Dnilius, leaving the Land Army to the Conduct of the Colonels, liadcncd aboard the Fleer, which he found waiting the Motions of rhc Kiieiny in this Pofturc. Upon his Arrival, he received Advice that they ravaged the Country on the Coaft of My la, (now Mc- liizzo) whereupon he made the beft of his way with the whole Fleet to encounter them. The Carthaginians greatly rejoiced when they dclcried rhe Romans, and with a hundred and thirty of their Ships flood olT to Sea towards them, whom they -held in lb great Contempt, that, without any Order of Battel, tncy advanced with their Prows dircdtly upon thcra, depending on certain Viy the Romans. Honours de- irted (dDui- ltu>. ■If Hannibal /Mr- prized at Sar- d\n\i,aHd cru- tifiid. Sutctfs of I hi Romans. Attack, made it appear how little they valued them : But the Ro. mans grappling with them by the Help of their Machines, entered with ealc, and came to fight hand to nand upon Deck, as on firm Ground. Some of the Ctrthagittians were flain, others yielded up- on Quarter, frighted at the extraordinary Eficd of this new and wonderful Invention, inibmuch that they lod of thofe which came firfl to engage, thirty Ships with their whole Companies, of which Number tne Admiral Gaily was one, Hannibal himlcif making his Efcape in a f'mall Boat, after having performed the Duty of a gallant and able Leader. At length the refl of the Fleet came up, but when they perceived the Defeat of their firft Squadron, they held it not fafc to tempt their Fortune too far, being not a little iur- ijrized at the Sight of thofe new Engines. However, having great- y the Advartage in the Lightncfs of their Ships, they ulcd their befl Skill, by nimbly rowing round them, to attack them with moll Safety : But when they obfcrvcd that which way fbever they ap- proach'd, thofe Machines were flill traverlcd, and oppofcd to tbcm, they were at length compelled to yield the Honour of the Day to the Romans^ retiring with the Lofs of fifty ot their Ships, three thoufand Men being flain, and fcvcn thoufand taken Prifoners. immediately here- upon the Romans landed their Forces in the Ifland, m,irchcd to the Relief of ^^j^y/^a, which was (Iraitly prcfTed by the Enemy, which having railed, they from thence, in a Breath, marched to the Attack of Macella, and took it by AfTaulr. Thcle SuccefTcs were fb unexpc died at Rome^ that the Senate de- creed 'Duilius unufual Honours ; for, befides his obtaining the Glo- ry of the firfl Naval Triumph, he was ever after attended from Sup- per with Mufick and Flambeaus, as if the Celebration of his Victo- ries was to lafl his whole Life- time ; and a Pillar was alfb created to him in the Forum, adorned with the Beaks of Ships, on the top whereof was placed his Statue. Hannibal, being thus defeated at Sea, returned with the Remainder of the Fleet to Carthage, and af- ter he was reinforced with more Ships*and able Officers, he put to Sea for Sardinia, where he was no fboaer arrived but he was fur- prized in Harbour by the Romans y who took many of his Ships, which Misfortune b^at a Mutiny in the Remainder of the Army, who feized on his Perfbn and crucified him. Lucius Cornelius Set- fto, and C. Aquilius Florus, being now Confuls, they, at the Head of a confideraDle Fleet, forced the Carthaginians to retire, and ra- vaged the Iflands of Sardinia and Corfica, which were flill in the Carthaginian Intereft. They took Albia, a Sea-Port of Sardinit, where they celebrated very honourably the Funeral of Hanno, the Carthaginian Admiral, who was (lain bravely fighting in the De- fence of that Place, and returning vidlorioufly to Rome, they were alfb honoured with a Naval Triumph , after which they ere(^cd i Temple to the Gods which preftde over Tempeds, in Remembrance of their being delivered fi-om a gicat Storm off of Corjica. The Romans, encouraged by the good Succefs they met with io their firfl Naval Battels, looking upon themfelves to be already Ma (lers of Sicifyf refolvcd to carry the War iatoAfricOy and attack the Enciuy ^^ ^oo^^l I Chap. XIII. Diffolution of the Rom. Efnptre. 123 Enemy at home, that fo they might find Employment in the Dc- fcncc and Prclcrvation of their own Country, while they were lol- licirous to contcft for the Maftcry of Sicily, To this purpofe they airembled a Fleet of three hundred and thirty Sail, with which re- pairing to MeJJanay they left Orders for the Management of Af?airs there, and Qanding along the Coaft of Sicily^ having doubled the Promontory of Tachinusy (now Cape Vajjaro) they iTrctchcd away towards Ecnomey where their Land- Forces then were, in order to pal's dircdHy over to /Africa. The Carthaginians refolved to op- polc this Dcfign with their utmoft Power, and arriving with a Fleet ot three hundred and fifty Sail o^ Heraclea Minoa, ofFercd ihcRo- r/« Roman w/dWJ Battel, who accepting it, dilpoied their Fleet into four Divifi- ""'' ^'r''i'- ons. The two Conliils, Al.Attilius Regulus^ and L.Manitusy were ^I'^far/jJ!' in the two Admiral Gullies in the Front of their dillin*^ Squadrons, Batui. each of them jud a head of their own Divifions, and a-brca(l of the other, the fird Fleet being poded on the Right, and the iecond on the Left, making two long Files, or Lines of Battel : And whereas it was ncccfiary to give a due Space between each Gaily to ply their // k /j' man- Oars, and keep clear one of another, and to have their Heads or ""' '''' ^"■ Prows looking lomewhat outwards, this manner of drawing updid drMin'uf!'" therefore naturally form an Angle, the Point whereof was at the two Admiral-Gallies, which were near together ; and as their two Lines were prolonged, (b the Diftance grew confequently wider and wider towards the Rear. In this manner were the fird and iecond Divifions difpoied. The third was drawn up Front-ways, in the Rear of the fird and fecond, and io dretching along from Point to Point compoled a Triangle, whereof this third Line was the Bafc. Their Vends of Burthen, which carried their Hories and Baggage, being placed in the Rear of thele, were, by the Help of fmall Boats, pro- vided for that purpoie, towed after them. In the Rear of all was the fourth Divifion, drawn up likewife in Rank, or Frontways, pa- rallel to the third ; lb that the whole formed a Triangle, of which the Area was void, and the Bale contained what we have already mentioned. In this Figure were they dilpoied for all that could hap- pen, nor would it have Decn an ealy matter to have broken them ; and when the Carthaginians had oblcrvcd how they were drawn up, they then determined after what manner to form tbeir Battel : Accord- ingly they difpos'd their Fleet into four Divifions, and drew it out ftow the ca. into one long File, that part of the Right of this Line drctching a f„l^^j*"lj^ great way out into the Sea, as if they intended to furround the Banei. Romans ; the fourth Divifion, which was the Left of the Line, keep- ing dole under the Shore, dilpoied in form of a Forcefs^ or Pair of Pincers. Hanno was on the Right with the fird Divifion, having with him all the nimble and bed rowing Vcflels of the Fleet, being Inch as were proper to attack and retreat, and for their Lightnels could row round the Romans. Amilcar was to have had the Com- mand of the Left Wing, but removed into the Centre, which con- fifted of the Iecond and third Divifions, where he devifed a Strata- gem which Ihewed him an Officer of no finall Experience. The Romans having oblervcd that the Carthagintansy by fpreading their R 1 Flc* *" ^^^^^ Icvcral Placcs ; but the Parties engaging being of equal Strength, ic happened, as for the mod part it doth in the Tike Adventures, that Fortune gave thcVldtory to that fide for whom fhe firil began to declare ; ib that yftni/cary not be- it^ able to (iiftain the firlt Shock of the Romatis, was beaten, and betook himfelf to flight ; Manlius towing away fuch of his Ships as he had taken. In the mean while Regulus perceiving the great Danger the fourth Divifion was in, and the VelTcls which carried their Equipage, advanced co cheir Relief with the fccond Divifion, which remained yet entire ; whereupon the Romans^ in that fourth Divifion, now well-nigh vanquiihed, obfcrving with what Bravery he attacked HannOy took hearc, and renewed the Battel ; infomucn that he feeing himfelf afTaulted from all Quarters, both in Front and Rear, and that Regulusy contrary to all Expedlation, had thus come up and joined the Fleet, by which means he was in danger of being quite furrounded, yielded the Day to the Romans^ and flying, got off to Sea. At the lame time Manlius y who was now returned frooi the Chacc, obferviog that the third Fleet of the Romans had been forced under the Shore by the Enemy's Left Wing, where they held e BookII. ^ Chap.XIII Diffolution of theRom. Efnpire. 125 liclil thcin fiirroundcd, came iiptoihcir Relief, and was fccondcd by Rt;njMS, who had now reicucd the fourth Di vifion and BaggageVcflxls, am) left them lafc. And indeed this Part of their Fleet was in great Danger, and had been loft e'er this, if the Cartbaginiansj (righted ar tlicir new Engine, could have had Rclblution to attack them, but they barely contented themlclvcs to force them on upon the Shore, and there to kccr> them bcicr, not daring to attempt or approach them, for fear of being grappled by their Corvi. In ihori the Car- rhagtnitiiis were quickly iUrrounded by the Romans^ who routing rh, cutin- them, took fifty of their Ships with their Equipage, very few, ei- m\iu.rDHi- thcr of Soldiers or Seamen, eicaping Such was the Succcfs of thefc '' three Uatccls lbui»ht in one Day, in all which the Romans were Vigors. They loft but twenty four of their own Gallies, and thofc pcrillicd againft the Shore ; but of the Cat t hatpin tans above thirty were dcftroycd. On their Side not a Ship W43 taken, but of the Carthaginians fixty three. The Romans^ after this Succefs, having (irft repaired and equip- ped the Ships they had taken from the Enemy, and well refreflied their Army, let Sail for Africk^ and wher 'he Van of their Fleet «<• Romans had gained the Tromontory Hernttea (now Cape bona) they there /'•''/'"•Afiu«. lay by, and attended the coming up of the reft of the Fleer, by which l)cing joined, they ftood along the Coaft, till they came up with Clupca^ where they made their Defccnt, drawing up their Gal- lies in the Port, which they iccurcd with a Ditch and Paliladc, and laying Siege to the Town, made rhemlelves Matters of it in a fliort RnmmsMif time. Having left a good Garrilbn for Defence of the Place, and ( inpei. and the Country about it, they marched further up with their whole Ar- '^"^--"''^ ^"Z- my to forage and Ipoit, in which Expedition they plundered and dcftroycd many noole Buildings, took much Booty of all fores of Catccl, and at leaft twenty thouland Prifoncrs, which they brought down to their Ships ; and this they performed without any Oppoft- tion. Receiving Orders from the Senate that only one of the Con- (iils ihould continue in Af'r'tck with a competent Strength to prole- cute the War, and the other return back to Rome witn the reft of the Army, Rerulus remained with forty Ships, fifteen thoufand Foot, and five thoufand Fiorle, and Manl'tus returned along the Coaft of Sicily to Rome with the reft of the Army, carrying with him ma- ny Prilbncrs. The Senate, not long after, received the unwelcome News that the Carthaginians^ being reduced almoft to Defpair by the hard Con- ditions olTcrcd rhem by Rcgulusy (without which no Peace could be obtaiued) had lent to Lacedamon fox XantipptUt a moft experiLuecd General, and that under his Conduct they had killed thirty thoufand Ro- mansy taken Rcgulits alive, with fifteen hundred others, and clofe- ly bcfieged in Ciupea two thoufand Soldiers, who alone cfcaped from tlic Battel. Upon this Advice they immediately difpatched to Sea the Coiiliiis Servius and MmiliuSy with a Fleet of three hundred and fifty Gallies, who, by that time they reached the Height of Jj'J^^°^*^» (ape hkrmaa beforementioned, fell in with the Carthaginian Fleet, thaginuil's"/ \vliic|i they entirely routed, taking a hundred and fourteen Gallies »/ Cape Her- with ""*'• m 1 2 6 Niival TmnJatTions before the Book II. tutifh III •> liuipijl- villi il hllll ij >\< ily. iiie Knimii,. tle and beyonil KxprcHion: So terrible ic was that of three bundled and kvcnty odd Sail that compolcd their Hecr, fourlcorc oidy elcaped Shipwreck, the red cither founderint' in the Sea, or were loll a^ainll the Kocks, inlbmuch that the Coaft was covered with deail lindios and the Frajfrnenrs of Ships. The l'.arthaji^vii~ins.t upon tins Misfortune of the Romans^ were of Opinion that they ihould now be a Match H>i them at Sea, fo that conceiving Hopes ot recovering Suilyy they lent thither /f/i//-^. bal which horcc they rook 'Vauonnits by AfTauit, the molt important I'lace thcCarfha(>i/iiafis held in the whole Iflaod. Encouram d by this Siiccels they laileil the next Year toward //frict, with Defigii to make a Delccnt there, but found the Coafls lb well guarded by the Carthaginians that they could not cfTedl their Pur- pole; and being unacquainted with the Coail, they were got dowa lb far Southward as the leffer Syrtu, or the FtatSy where falling a- mong the Sands, the Gallies ftuck fad, and there remained till the Flood lifted them of?', when, with great Difficulty and Hazard, throwing their Lumber over board, they made a Shift to clcape From thence they flood away for the Coafl: oi Sicily., and got into the Von oVPanormtds, but (Kering rheir Courlc homeward, they, by a Storm in the Srreighi of MvH'ana^ (where, by a blind Obftina- cy, they were embayed) loll ab >ve a hundred and fifty of theit Snips. Thele Calamities induced them to quit all farther Attempts, at Se.i, and totally tu rely on their Land Armies; but continuing not long in this Kelohition, they fitted our a Hcer of two hundred Sail, which they lent r.) Sicily umler the Conliil V /Ittilius, who in- verting Lilybaum (now Mar Jala) lay a whole Year before that Place, which, notv tthllanding the ^ow<2« Fleet, Hannibal^ the bun oi Amilcar., luccoi.nd with a Body of Troops, and a great Supply of Provifions, wirn ( nly fifty Gallies. The next Year th: Romans were ic-inforced with ten thourand Men under the Command of the Conliil (Jlodius^ with which they thought of nothini', lels than liirprizing Adherbal^ the Carthaginm Admiral, and that not one of his Ships Ihould clcape out of theit Hands, but were themlclvesliirpri/.ed when they law Adbcrbal ncx ^ ^Jhcpranuni^ in a Pofturc ready to give them IJattel He bravely liinaiiud the Charge of the whole Roman Fleet, thrice as numerous as his own, and managed his Gallies, which were of an excellent built, with utmoft Dexterity, they being manned by moft expert Seamen, who were well acquainted with the Coalt and Depth of Wa- fer, while the /?tfWrf«.r, dcftitutc of this Advantage, either run aground on f Book II. Chap. Xir Diflolution of the Rom. Empire. 127 H» on to C7///M, FroDps nn bnanl, well ailv.uKCil(m , with lb lircadfiil Ihiiicil were with- was that ot" three :ir Hcct, tourlcorc ni» ii\ the Sea, or Joaft was covered :hc Romans^ were )i tliein at Sea, fo iciit thicher /IJdru- ] \riuy, aiitl a him- have inaitc hiiiilelt woudcrliil Celerity, ic eighty that clca- mottntts by Aflault, itu he whole Ifland 'ear toward /Ifria, \ the Coafts lb well jot clTcft their Pur- hey were got down r/j, where falling a- rc reinaiued till the iculiy M\A Hazard, a Shift to elcapc Sicilyy and ROi into c homeward, they, by a blind Obditu- and fifty of their ill tarthcr Attempts, cs ; but continuing ict of two hundred Attiliusy who in- |c Year before that llaHuibaly thcboii and a great Supply with ten thoufind with which they ., the Carthaginitu I elcapc out of thcii law /Idbcrbal neat battel He bravely I thrice as numctottS We of an excclleni Jed by nioft tum It and Depth of Wa- cither run agtound oa / '•■ Uiinuni / ' r W).l«y ll.lillt< ID lilt ( '.iiili.ti;iiii- I hi' UcllliJtll ji ftrii.ti III ,4 \luim. 'I'lrpAiii del ^)n the Sands or were loft auainft the Rocks ( and oftentimes endea vourinn to ^^•pplc the CMrtha([m$atis with their Kni^ines, or tranl- fixthcin wirh rhcir Beaks, they artfully retired to Shelves, and dan- gerous Places, whence the Romatis could not polTibly elc.ipc ; lo that the Conliil oblcrving the Diftrcis of his Fleet, he with about thirty Gallics ftood away toward Lilybteumy leaving ninety three wirh the C*nb«^ini4nsy and very (cw of the Men that wcro thrown on the Shore elcaped. This Lois of the Romans was (bihiwcd by one no Icis in the lame Year J tor the other Conliil, yuniiis, receiv ill' Orders Ironi the Senate to go with a great Convoy of Piovifions wu to'fhc ArM\y bctore LilybtuM, as he was pcrforniing tliar Service, V.arthaloy a C.arthaf^iniAH Captain, entountereJ him wrth a luinilrcd Sill, took Icveral of the IJarks, and lo haraffed the Conliil, rhat he was oblii;cd to retire to an open harbourlels Coaft, where, in a vio- lent Stoi m, not one of his Ships elcaped, nor was there lo much la- ved as a whole Plank of all his Squadron, which confillcil of fixry Sail The Romansy after lb great I.oMes by Sea, rclolved to content thcinlclvcs with kcepinj» I'oniUion of what they had in Sicily^ and to dcfciul rhc Coafts of /r«/y ; and the Garrilbn of ' A'ry.v, a Town in the wcftcrmoft Parts of Sicily^ made a brave Defence ai^ainft the '*'"""^ Cirtha^iHians, who bcficged it two Years, while the Fleet that they kept at Sea tor Defence of the Coafts, not only prevented the F.ncmy's making Dricents in Italy, but chalcd them as far as the Ifland Aigimums (now Ztmbata) on the Coaft oi /ffricay and there entirely defeating them, took a great Booty, which however n,, cmiu- thcy did not long enjoy, being tbrccdoy a Storm into the Syrtisy khujiis./*- wherctliey were alinoft all Ihipwreckcd; and this deprived the Con- I/iJ'j/.'.it,'',',, fills luibiiis and Ruteo of an expedled Triumph The Romam how- / aiiill the Romans ; but Lutatins the Conliil being informed of tlmno''i Arrival on the Coaft.. of Sicilyy and liifpedting his Defign, he took on board the Choice of his Land Forces, and tailed to Aig«- fa, (now FavagtiaHaJ where he relblvcd to wait and give the Ene- my Battel, notwithftanding the Wind was againft him, and confe- qiicntly favoured them, for that by fo doing nc fliould cngaae with Hanno only, and the Troops that embarkca with him, whole Fleet was cucumber'd with Stores and Provifioos. It was not long bctore the 'I ,', 'I • 7/,.' I ',1 rill. I- pillMIH Il'i"// iH (in I lit i ' oti jl e/Skily. 1 28 Naval Tranjathons before the Book II, |1:c niic.sv were dclcry'd coming down with a flown Sheer, where upo;i he ItooJ out oF the Port, and drawing i.uo a Line of Battel made dircdciy towards them ; for his Seamen being in good pli|;|ir, ai.d well excrcilcd, they liirmountcd all Difficulties, and advanced m A rcgiilar Order. In fine, the Carthaginian Ships, being very mucli pcfler'd, were but in an ill Condition for fight, (b that the Contrn- vcrly was Toon decided, the Romans routing them at the firft Kn- countcr. Fifty of their (iailies were funk and levenry taken with all their Mtij abnanl; and when the News of this Defeat reached V.artbdgCy thongh it liirpri/xd, yet did it not humble them, for they would willingly have continued the War, could they have fo'inJ means to liiftain it, but of that they had no Prolpedl ; for while the Romans continued Mailers at Sea, there was no Way whereby to hiccour and liipport their Forces in Sicily: Wherefore they dil parched full Powers tc Amilcar h'arcas^ their General in thai Illaiiil, to ad in this Conjun^.urc as he flinuld judge moft conducive toti, Welfare of the Coimnonweahh, who thcrcuiwn fcnt Ainbafl'adots to the Conliil to treat about a Peace, and ;hc following I'rojcd; was oirered. " 'J liat there Ihould be a good, firm, and lafling Peace and Friend " fhip between the Romans and Carthaginians upon tlieic Condi- " tioiis. The Carthaginians fhall entirety evacuate Sicily. They ♦* fhall not make furtherWar upon fheroy nor the Syracttfaus, nor their " Allies. Th « they fhall deliver up all the Roman Prilbncrs Kaii- " fbm free, and pay to the Romans^ within the Space of rwcnry " Years, 'two thouland and two hundred A'tti^o/r Talents of Silver, " and that this Treaty Ihall be valid and good if the People oi Rom " fhall approve and ratify the lame. Thele Articles were forthwith forwarded to Rome^ but the People not being entirely latisfied, ten Plcuipotentiarics were lent to Siu- lyy with Inflrudtions, when they had thoroughly informed them- fclves of the Stare of AfTiiirs, to determine on the Place what fhoiild appear to them realbnabic, who fhorten'd the time for Payment of I tne Money to ten Years, and would, befides, have a ' thouland Ti- lents more paid down, and an h\i\c\f added that the Cartha^imm fhould evacuate the Iflands bctwcci; Italy and Sicily. After the Conclufion of this 'I'rcaty, Lutatius returned to Rome, and cele- brated a Naval Triumnh, as his Pra;r:or j^ A^<»/m«/ alio did, in con- riv!''r'«';.':iofthe Share lie hadin thcVidory, by commanding the Fleet after Lvtatitii\ Wounds confined him to his Bed. And further, m Regard of the great linnorranceof this Vidlory, Medals were ftruckin Honour oi Lututiuu naving a Quinqucrcme, or Gaily of five Tire of Oars, cncompal"!'*! with a Civic Crown, compolcd of oaken Leaves, as a Token that the Lives and Safety of his Fellow- Citizens wcic «*wing to his Courage and Condu(it. Thus determined the War ilia: was waged between the Romans and Carthaginians for the Ma- fiery of Suily, which, as it had continued Aill four and tweiiij (jhin'.iticn Years, fb was it one of the moll memorable that Hiftory hath re «H ihtN.iv„i corded, they having once fought at Sea with five hundred Gallics s,,„ifii, oi tomprehcndiiig both Meets, and afterwards with few Ids than Icvcn t:.iilll.ii;c. "'I /t I'rojrd fur I'rair, -.il-::!: v,i\, wtih Jl'tlll ,1ll,l4l. Iiiim, iottilu- M. •' I lull II, at iiirilDif III 'riiiiiii.irMr., "ilrrlin". •■ r 7 5000. he Book II. H Qvu^.^l^ • Dijfolui'imofthe^om. Empire. 129 flown Sliccr, where nto a Line ot Ilattcl jcing in pood plij;hr, y ics, ami ailvaiicciliii ps, being very much , li) that the Contrn- hem at the firll Kii- I Icvcnty taken with ■ this Defeat reached umbic them, for they iilii they have foniid rolpcdl; for wlulcthc no Way whereby tn Wherefore tlicy on lent AinbalTailoti following I'rojcd ms ifting Peace and Friend- ans upon tljclc Condi- vacuatc Sicily. They \\cSyraculaiu^mxx\n Roman I'rilbncrs Kan- I the Space of twenty uboic Talents of Silvct, 1 if the People of A««i( . Rome, but the People irics were (ait to Siu- juj'hiy informed them- \ the Place what Ihoiild c time for Payment of | , have a ' thoiiiiinJTi- that the Carthaj^inm and Sialy. Attcr the cd to Rome, and cclc- «/m«f alio dill, incoii- ycommandiiifH the Fleet Bed. Anil further, w ', Medals were ftruck ill , or Gaily of five Ti« npolcd of oaken Leaves, s FcllowCiti/cns wcic ictermined the Warilui haeinians for the Ma- '■ ftill four and twenty . that Hiftory hath re- h five hundred Gallics Ivithfcw Ids than lcvc« ot hundred. Tic Rmatts loft, duri,»j» this Contcft, cither b;^ Teitipcft, or taken by tic Emmy, 'even huiKlrod Ships, and the Cart/jaeini- fttis five hundred ; lb tnar if People were litrpri/.cd at the Naval Ba>'cl8 of jlntt^onm, 'Ptolemy., m\u *Demetrtus, they had much more Cuulc of Adauration at the Accou.'it of thrlcftiUKiidmisTranf- adtioMh. Ai'.il if, by comparing thtlc witl> thcUccrs wherewith tlic •Pftfiatit \v.i|»cd War iigainll the Greeh, aid the yllhcuiaHS and La- rctUtmiuiatis among thcmlclvcs, wc confidcr the Diifcrcncc between I Ik- RotH.j.i (Jallics, whii h were all of five Tire «)i' Oars, and theirs, \vlm:lih.iiibiir rlircc, or Ids, wc (lull find that there w.i^ never bi-iMrc hit li a mighty Forcx brought together on the Sea. All which Oblcrva- nons i'nlybiaf, (whom wo h.ivc ciofcly Ibllowcd in the IX-llription oi this War,) coniludcs with this (inc P.cmark, " That from hence «• ii will Iktoiuc mamfcd it was not owing to Fortune, or Accidt-nr, " (as loine (irrciaHs bclicv'd,) that the Romans now began to aim " at the Dominion of rlic World, and at length accomplilhcd their " Kiul, bur that thcv were led thereunto by the mofl likely and pro- " |)al)le Mealiircs Rcaibn could (iiggcft, after having acquired, by » h ing l<> long cMi^agcd in Inch and ("o great Aflairs, a rhorough " Kiiowlotlge and Experience of their Abilities to compal's their •' Dcilgn. C 11 A 1'. XIV. Of f'.i/' t^aval ll'mis of (be Romans from the CoiiclnftoH of the fi'jl runic War to the T.nd of the f-cortd. T\\ W Romans were now in peaceable PofTcflion of all Sicily, tx^ C|)i a (inall P.irt of it which was cnjoy'd by Hicroti, ilicir Ally, and inaiuiaiiula good Correlpondcnce with the CV/r//w(;'/«/rf«j' foi f)ineriinc, till (cvcrul Merchants, tcmptfj by piivarc Gain, were t.iiiiul to have lupply'd Provifioiis by sea to (bme of the Enemies of xUcCiirtha^^iiiifiMs, who, however, upon making Complaint thereof rccfiveil due .Satisfadlion ; but a (hort time after a lk)dy of Troops in the \\\y of (Jarthairc, retiring in Dilcoiitcnt \.o Sardinia, invited ilic Roiiians to take PolFclfion of the iHand, and receive them into their I'rotct'iinn. This lavourable Opportunity of icauiring a Country 1(1 coininndioufly firuated, and with (b little Tn>c?blc too, they could 7X'« Mailers of it, and to declare War againll the Carthatfi/iians, if they c''J'fi! .'r'u lliould attempt to difhirb them, who not being in a Condition to op- g»ii.i. jink thcle Proceedings, were obliged to ftide their Relentments. '"' iwo Years after tlic Romans reduced the Coalls of ' IJ^nriay to- • //v /»,./. ,j- i;cthcr with the Kland of iJorfica; whereupon cnllicd divcrfc Battels ^'|W '/'""I' with the Li^nrians and (^.orjlcans, together with Ibmc Sardinians, (i,'," \\ ho joined with them, they having been all underhand (blhcitcd to tc\olt by the C^arth/^^inians, who were glad of any Opportunity to S find n* :!i';'-.t 130 NavalTranfaiHons kfore the Book II. fiiiit Kinploymcut tot the liotnans^ ami to weaken ilKinhy little and little, while ilicy took Dieatli theiulcivcs, and prepared tor aiiotlict War; hut the Komaus, iicvcrrhclel rob and plunder all theSliii)] T.iii.,yM«»« ibcy met with on thole Seas, by which Dcprcdaiions they wholly '!,!im!rb"ll> ii'fi-'fiiptcd the Commerce ol Italy and (irnif on ihar Side, 'i'hc i'.iMii.iM'i Uomam., wearied with the daily ComplaiiitH the Meichants made to them, dilpatched AiiibaHadors to Queen /'(7/^<}, by whom they dc- fired her to put an Knd to thole inliippoi tabic Violences of her Sub- jcdls, but notwiihflaiidingllie condelceiided to admit them to an An- iliciice, (lie treated them wiih great I'lide and Dildain, and told them that though Hie would take Care lor the tiiuire that no publick Inju- ries lliould be done to the People of Home .by the lllynatis, jct was it not the Cnllom ol I'liiices to lorl)id tlicir Subjcdb to make their particiil.ir I'lofiis ofvvhat iliey iik 1 within the open Sea. The yoiin^ell ol i\\c Nam tin Amballadors, lii.;li!y iiicciiledhcicat, rcjv'y'd, will ionic Heat, that it being the Cqlloin oltiic liotfiaiis, to make tlicra- lelves publick Kc|iaiatK)ii ll)r Injuries donciii p.irrHiil.ir, ami to yield Succour to ihole who received them, iluy would ilieielore loonulc ihtir r.iuleavoiirs, wiili the Will of Mcaven, to oblige her tothaiiw' that Princely Ciinom ; which Aidwer lo piovokcil her, thar, witli- our Kegiiid to the Law oC Nations, (he barliaroiilly c.mlnl him tohc mtrth(rid; and, itillcad ot |)uttiiig an I'.iid to tlulc Violences, fitted out, caily the tollowiiig S|»iiiig, a coiifKlcr-ible Meet againll ilieOVc riaitx, wliicli Icparatmg into tlircc Stpiadrons, at one and the lame time laid Siege to ' (.'onyra, '^*JJyttvi(7i/nw, and' Ij/n. '1 he Howa»s, relolving to revenge tlin iniiiimane Uliige ol tlicir Aniban.idor, let out a licet againu the lllyriati.t of two htiiulrcd Sail, under ilie Command of (.n. /'ulv/its, one of the ( onluls, and lent over ilic oi|,tr Conltil 'J'ojlhumnif ai ilit I lead of an Army ol twenty tlioiiland loot, and two thoulaiul llorir, whu h lliuck Inch a Terroiir iiit;) them, thar, in lew Days, '■Drmitrms ol 'Pharia^ who lommandnl, Inricndcrcd the Place to Hie liotntitUt who pre lenMy railed the Sict'colVJ^z/vat/j/z/w and////*; antltliey having loon alter reduced ^ Afxilhitia and Niittt, , iiniiicdiaicly tlieicupon all the Places the lllyriatir poffl lied in (inrcr revollcti to rhcin, whitli they willingly received inio their hiendiliip and Proicdlioti, aiiilal filled ihcin with l«»ity Ships ot War to Itcurc them agamll tlic lii tun: liilulls of their Ilncmies. The Quern hereupon retired 10.1 llroiig Place called ' U//ii:.oM, and being now liilliciciirly hunihlnl obi.tm<(l Peat col the lioniaiuow ilicle Conditio. im, " Thai llic HioiiM " pay a yeatly Tribulc, tin h a-, ilie Senate lliould ihmk lit to im " pole; Ihai Ihe lliould lelinipnlh entiiely her Inicrell in ///y;/<«w. except lome lew Platen and that Ihe lliould not iiivigatebeyoinl ■ '■'II" • (^Oltll ' l.ilU AM tc ' ' S|iiri4i'/ 1 in f Kiliii' /»' I Ij|lll4l|4 II l> Book II. In II) by little and larcd tor atiothct ir Kiicmics in Ic- iHands, ami the tm, aOcr having '.f> trots ami (.irt- the iaiiic tyiaii- .ipiial ol I'.ptrus, iiiulcrall tlicSliinj oiis ihoy wliolly I liar Side. The Icicliaiitsinailc to jT wlioiii tlicy (Ic- L'litcs of lici Sub- lit tlicin to an An- ill, ami told ilicm it no |Mil)lick liiju- ilic JUynaHs, jct Sul)jc-(tb tu make lie open Scu, 'flic It'll licicat, rcply'd, ■t//s, to make tlicm- I nl.ir, ami to yield ilicicloic looiiulc !)Iil;c licr (oclianuc il lici, that, Willi- V ('.mini him tolir c Vi(-lciic:cs, fitted let a^',ainll ilicOVr lone ami the lame Jj/a. lie U(a^c oi their r of two hundred rtlic( oiiIiiIh, and III lit an Army ol whuh (liiick liicli ft/iu ol 'J'/uina, 'iaw/if/i, who pre Id tliey having loon iliciciipon all the to rhcin, which •rotcdlioii, aiidal |cm againU tlic lii upon retired to j |lic;Riirly hiinildrd, " riial llic llioiil'l Id ihink (it 10 nil icrtll in ///»;"«'"' bi ii.iviwtcbgoiiil (iiiii ill' Dull' //f.1/7 kt III iht U(l I IMS ililil 'iiCCI.lll'i. Chap. XIV. Diffolution of the Rom. Empir e. 1 3 1 «« '' Lijlus with above two VcflTcIs, and thole to be unarmed." Thus 'j^ ()''"■;' "^^ the Komatis being already Maftcrs oUtaty^ and the Hlands between ,i,"Znomof that and /ffrim, began to extend their Compiefts to tSiis other i'ait ii.r < ot Kitni/w, taking Care to keep a good Underllanding with the O'/r ciaiif, to whom, upcn this (3tta(ion, they lent an AinbaU'y, ro ac- quaint them with the Motives which imiuced them to undcriakc this War agaiiill ihe Ittytians, k\\ othcrwilc they Ihoiild take iiinhragc llicrcat; whereupon eiilit d a Treaty otlriendlhip and Alli.inte bc- iwcen them, and the Conliil /'ulvius, at his Return to /iom; was |' honoured with a Naval Triumph. Al)oiit this time the ///;/, a I'eople between lfa(y and f//^tiiHin, at ilic Bottom of the /IJfia/itk, pradliletl i'li.icy on that Sea, and having lei/.ed ami plundered levcral Ships bound with Corn to /ioMi; a Meet was Inn agaiiill them, whereby they were (iibdued, but not /,, k,„„,i„ without confiderable I.ols; and Vw/v. dornctitis Scipio, one of the /-'//,, //r Coiiltils, who commanded (III the Expedition, had the Honour of a '"" iiiaritiinc Triumph. Alter the Romans had reduced all Itlyricuniy they tommittcti the (idvcriiincnt thereof to ''Ih'mvtrtus oi't'haruiy in Confidcration of li-veial great Services he had render'd them during the Continuance of the War; but hermdi.ig them taken up with a Quarrel agai. ill the (iaiils, and that I latiuihal was curring out Work lor them in Sptiin^ by the Sicgc of Sa\>uiitiis, put to Sea, with a Fleet of fifty Ships of ncnidnn. »/ War, ravaged the mm<\s CycUclrs, let himlelf up lor King of ///y- l',',";';,/'.;; ,"': riiuni, aiul having put to Death thole whom he liili)eded to be in lyiuum ilu; liotnan Intcrcll, placed (iarrilbns in all the Ibrtified I'owns, par- tuiilarly lecuiinr 'J)imtilitm, the Place of greatcft Importance in the Country, ami Ihiir himlelf np with fix thouland of the choicell x^i his I'roops III ' Charm, fituate in an llland of the lame Name. 'J'hc , J, ',.')", J,// h'omtiiiu to leduc^' this Traytor, lent over leveral Annies, but were iii.,„.i m ih, iioi able to biiiig die War to a Conclurion, till the Coiilnllhip of/./- '■"'/'' "' ^':*- v'///r Salnitttor, who palling overwiih an Army, attacked '/)/w;rt///w X',fr'),l'/;'„t lo vii'oroiilly, that It liirrcndei'd inlevciiDays; which llruck liich a / 1< i/viu. '/'erroiir through all l/lymuM, that the greatell Parr of the Conn- try reiiirneil to irs Obedicme, and liibinittcd to the Roman Conliil, who then re nnbarking his Troops, liiiled toward ^/^haria, wherein 'Ihmifriits was; and arriving with his Army by Night on the Coall, he landed moll of his Trooos, diicdling them to conceal thctiilelves III the Woods and hollow Ways, .iiid, by Break of !>ay, he made Sail U)wards the next Port with twr'nty (iallies only, and came in Si^lit of ihe Town. '■Dt'tnrtrms obltrving, and contemning their Niiinhcr, man lied out with Part of the Garrilbii to oppolc their land- itiu, and theieiipon the Dattel began, which was toiight with great Onlhiiaiy, Supplies of Men being coiillantly lent from the Town to liillaiii their Kcllows, uilonuich that by Degrees all the Garrilbn ituuhcd our. Mean while the Romans advanced who had landed by Night, covering themlclves in their March m the bcU Manner iliey could, and having gained an Kmincncc between the Town and tliel'oft, ilicy cut olhlie Knemy's Ketreat, Upon this the reft ol the I'"ii<-iimii (•allies coming up,7.^«'w/7r///rsT'roops wercprelciitly put to Hi|{ht,aiul 'i]!X'i'Z» S I. lie S'. p • 1 / lit fri iiHil I'tlllK k II ■!• A. M, t ;P • lit I '.iiiliaci Hl.ini ,iiitni/'t Illy. 1 3 2 Naval Trafjfatlwm kfifrc the Book 11. he hiiiilclf i^cttin^ on board Ibinc Vcflcls he had placed in a nci^h bniiriti^^ Creek to Icrve him in Inch an I'.xlgciicc, nuilc his KlcaiH into Macedonia. The Conliil prclcntly poircflcd hiiiiklt of tlit Town, which he deinolilhcd ; and luvin^ Icttlcd the AOnirs oi thc Kinj^ddiii, rcrnniCil ro Jiotnc, where he t)bt.iincd a nint^nificcm Tri. iiiiiph, and aujinrcd rhe Kepiitatinn ot a wile and gallant leader. While the laninns llnnmltal^ nt tlic Hc.id of tirtccn rI>onliuid Foor, anIIJMII llirl, 1111:1 l,lh Ml In II I /(,;/« I htm >■ M.ill.1 ' Hiiin llxn Si I|iHi l>rn.i. Mllic/H .1, ,1,1,1 Vvi. 1 BookII. BciiapXIV. J)//Jbh/tifmoflhc\ii)m./''jf/lwr. 133 iced ill u iici^h nijiilc his F,lca|H' liimlcll of iIk he AlJairs oi the mngiiificcui Tri- al lant leader. I rlioiiliiiid Foor, > the i'yrrtu'/in )lc, and dclcciul- f\niii7.cnicnr, the rcr Oppoitiinity : they (iill fitted I he Khiiitl, nnd I a furious Storm I he I LiiJs of that I hey wcic thiiiy live Sail, iiid prevail wiili ihe/^rtW./wi, i\v\ licrcmt, iiiKJ li.iv- eivcd witli |',ic»i clly, a*, tliiiikiiig : (nil I'h.irtic, he 1 ho.ml, iMiul |nii f» loon iilicr, lie lid ol the '1 own he iliinds of the ral ill iS'pai/t, not iMiniiimlod there ('rear Levies ol' [ton nttoi- return- r tlieiiee : wiica cml):irkc(i his » to the Month akin;; ftvc nnd elves by flight; .iHer of lit! that vio/i/i. March- s of rh.ift 'rincc, InmfcU 'lo for- ted toliimlrom /trrs f flaiiHs lillv d nhlii'iiiu; Bcihd- Chimroii whii'h ofiiRcinfoTco- Inim f\*omy which he loll ahoiic a ihoiiland. H.iv- iiii» jHiiiilicd lome ol' his Olliiers for Nejj^leiM f)ri)iity in this Allan, he leinilurked his Troops, and rerniiieil to Suih : an.l not |oiii> al- ter Siiidium revoirini^, /'. Muttinx wat (eiir over ilntlier, where l.imliiif', his wlinic l-orec, as well Soainen as Sfddicrs, he tame to a '|'|||| '[[ Ihliel with the lllanderK, whom he d^H-ateil, and took liiirieen thiiiiljii'l of them ; nor was ii long e'er he overthrew rwi Ivc ihou Liiul {'.iirlhii\l,itiiiiiis , who were lent to aid them, of whuh aiiovc „',",i//,',' three ihoiiliinl hci.mic hi« I'liloiiers, among whom wire Alchulml ii' < ii.li.i)',i the (iiiicral, with llaituo and Mtt^o^ the next principal Olliiers. """' lly this good Siieiels Sardinia was cniirely liihjcatd to die HnmaH V'okr, as was now ahiioll all Spam,, by the Vidtoiies which the i\\«> Si/pio'h ohiamed over aiioilur ///Jmoal, the brother of llatiiiibuly who was at the lame lime \i\ ing Ilnly walle. As Suih W'iis tlie original Onarion of thde Wars, the (lartha^i- tiiaiif, who had gained a gieat VuUory at (.'anntf, relolved again to attempt the Coinpull of ihat lllaiul, while the vaiK|iidljed A'o tiiiiiis (huiilil, they hoped, (iiid enough to ionj',lit over to ilieir Intercll the eominoii I'coplc ; and while iJirle ihiiu'S were doing ////rr a Prince t(» be uiidor Tniiion, whore- upoii he (lil( ardcd the reO ol his (iuiudians, rcruintng this I'erlon as Ins full Miiiiilcr ; hut following the Steps of his I'uther (jvIou, he pnintcil ihi' Iriendihip and Alliance of the (.'aff/>ai^iniaN.t to that ol \\\v iiomaiiSy and concluded a Treaty with tlicni, ihnr, uf'tor they liiul rxj)cllcd the cniritnon Knemy out of the iHand, rhe River JJi- tun lly wliii h almoll csjiully divides Sicily in two Farts, ilioiild be till IJoiiiulary of ihoir rcljicdtivc I'erritories ; hut by his inmnident Adiiiiiiillration, nnd hid nbaiuloning himlclf co his iPlealiireK, lie loon nliiiimd the Minds of hih Subjedls from liiiii, and was lliortly idtcr |ii..,,>iivniii, ailalliiMtcd at Maf ccllt4i 'k; 1 34 Naval TranfatHons tcfr/rc the BookU. M,lti cllll^ /»«/ III litfuit ■Syr4iiilr. ArcliMiirili-n •utf'f mill ii iinniiyi ihi Koili^lii. I III Siiji liiiiitil iiiln (I lllmliiiilii. Appiiii inliti I'climii, llrl lirlin, (..I I 'iriKniii. It'iliilli Jl rr lllllll IJ ( ,11 Mm rlldi ifiiittui ii vtnt • ■il .lljiiuli lel/tii to hcfic^c them by Sea and Land with a Meet of fixty five Galhcs, and a confidcrable Land Army. This City contimicti lon^ unprc^nahlc, by means ot the wondcrl'ul Machines whicli yinlu. tnedes, ihc ureat /iathemaiician, invented lor the Detcnce of the I'latc, with l<»nic ot which he threw Stones of a prodigious Wci[>lit upon the Kotnan Ships, with iiich Kxadtncis, that they leldom or never milled doln^ terrible Kxccution ; and with other M.uliiiics, and Irom I.ooj) holes in the Walls, which he invented on tins Oc cafion, he di|ch.irged wliole Showers of Arrows at u nine on the (iillies. lint the inoO admirable Kll^ine of all was one he made ol an immenic Magnitude, loniewhut ulier the manner of a Swipe, or Draw-Hridge, which alio threw out ^reat Ueains of rimhrt, and l4i)»e Stones, and having rirll tleai'd the I'rows of the (i.illies, the Men retiring all ailern to avoid the Dcilrudtion they made, iiiiinc. diatcly thereupon the Perlon who mana^cti the Machine let liill a lar^e grapplinu Iron, fillened to a llron^ Chain, with which fci/hiii the Prow ot tneVcd'c:!, he let down the Counter poile of ilic Ma- chine, (which was balanced, as we have laid, after the manner ot u Swipe) and lo railed the Vcflcl upright on her Poop in the Air, when by means of a certain Piilly and Hope, dilen).',a^ing the grin. nlin^ Iron, down fell the (iaily, which violently plun^'.ed in tiic Waves. \\\cx this manner were levcral of the /i^owtf;/ VefTcIs iuiikj lo that Alanvlltu dclj)airing of reducing the Place by I'orcc, re- lolvcd to do it by Kamine, and to that purpole turned the Siege into a dole Hlockadc, both by Sea and L.uid. Leaving y^/!'/'/«j to cominand there, he himlcif advanced with a third Part ot the Troops, and look in 'Pvlorus and llcrbe/us, plundered Mei^ara, and cut (o pieces a great Number ot >yvr/va//V///.i', who had f()Uiid means to cla|)e our of the City in order to join the Cat//jai^i»ia»s under Umih: Who having landed near llvracleu with fifteen thoiiland Koor, three thoul.uid Hnrle, and twelve Klephants, fei/.ed that Place, as pre- fcnrly after he did "'yfi(r/if<'/i///w, and cuifing Itvcral Cities to revolt from the Romans^ he threw a Supply of Provifions inio iS'yracu[(, to winch Place MarcfUns returning, lie found there //i»w/Av/r, the (Mtthaj^inirtn Admiral, with a Meet of fifty five Ciallics, who up- t)\\ Advice that the Roman Meet was advancing againll him, and tint it confiiled of double his Strength, Hayed not for better ImelHgeiicc, but made the bell of his way back to Cartha^v. Now was at hand the Celebration of the Fcafl of Diana , on which Kcrtival MartcUus^ as he was viewing the Works on an K- iiiinciicc whence he could look into the lown, law the People within crowned with (iarlands, and revelliiig in Mirth and Wiiici whereupon he relolved ro make a general AUault the enliiingNiuht, and accordingly ponefTed himlelf of that part of thc'J'owti cailcil A///Wno/o/>/jiJ/a. I'or the luiihlini!; of this .i ne/,,,/n.n, Ship (lie tells n>) there was cut d:iwn on the Mountain /luna lo '/ ''' ''""•"" niiiciri'iinbcr as would have made fixty ordinary Gallics: Ikfides ,\,|f '/„,''"„^' wliiih, ilieWood llirTrec nails, Ribs, and Knees was procured from syMmicr otiicr Parts of .Vnv/y, and iunw Italy, aud Materials lor Cordage weir liiciicd from Spain aiul the River '^ Rbadanus, as were orhcr i uiminr Nculliirics from various Places. King I Huron having hired a Niim- hrr ol'Sliipwiiglns and other W«)rkmcn lor this Service, placed //;■- (/)/,/!, .xC'inniltiati Architet'i, over tlvin, but all under the liipiemc Diia'iioii o[' /Inhimcilrs^ and cxhortiii;.; them diligently ro carry Oil ihcWoik, he, to encourage them thereto, wouM be whole Days Pideiii at iluir Labour. The Number of Men employed was three liiiiitlK'd Mailer Woikmcn, befidcs their Servants, who in fix Months iiiiio liiiilr ilie Ship up to the half of its dcfign'd Heighth, and as ilic leveial i'aris were (iniihed, they covered tiicm with Sheetl.cad, K) pre'erve them from the Injuries of the Weather. When it was hidii^lir iliiis lorward, Huron i;ave Dircdtions lor removing it iiiKi ilic Sea, and (hat the rcU of tneWork Ihonhl be perkdled afloat ; lull liow to get this vail Pile into the Water they knew not, till /hshimrilrs invented the Kngine called the Hthx, by which, with ilic Allillinec of very lew Hands, he drew the Ship into the Sea ; wliiie, ill fix Months more, Ihc was entirely commeatcd, and du- vcii liill of large Nails of Mrals, many <>f ten Pound weight, and o- (lifts of (ilieen, which were let into the Timbers by large awger Mdlrs, to rivet them well together, and covcr'don the ontl'ide with jiiulicil Cloatlis, over which were nailed Plates of Lead. J'hc Shin !i.i(l twenty Tire of Oars, and t hi cc Decks, to the lowed whereof, in XI ihe Mold, there was a Deli cut by leveral Pair of Stairs, The middle Deck had on each fide of it filrcen Apattmcnts tor Dining, each 1 3 6 Naval Tranfatltons hefare the Book II. each lurnilhcd with four Couches , liich as rlicy ulcd to lie on n their Meals ; and on the iamc Deck was alio the Place tor the Ac commodation of the Mariners, whereon were filtccn Couches, .ind three large Chambers for Men and their Wives, each luving three- Beds, next which was the Kitchin for the Poop, the Floors of all which were paved with Ala/aick Work , wherein was rcprclcntcd the whole Story of the Iliad ; and liiitable to ib rich a Moor \va^ the Workmanihip of the Cicling<( and Door to each Apartment. On the upper Deck was a Place for Exercilcs, and a fine Walk, wherein were Icvcral Gardeu-Plots furnilhed with Plants of all kinds, which were watered by Leaden Pipes laid to them from a great Rcccpta , clc of frclh Water ; where were alio (cveral Arbours of Ivy, and Vines let in Hoglheads of Earth, whole Roots were watered in like manner as the Plants. Next to rhelc was an Apartment devoted to the Pleafures of Love, the Pavement whereof was of /ft^afe, aiul o ther the richcft Stones that were to be found in Sicily : The Koni was of C'y/rtt/-Wood, and the Doors of Ivory ami the Wood of the /tlmug-Txcc. It had three Beds in ir. and was richly adorned with Pidlures, Statues, and drinking VeflTcls of exqulfitc Woikmaiilbip Adjoining to this was a Room for Retirement and Converlation, which was furnilhed with live Couches, and wainlcorcii with Uox, with Doors of the fame Wood; within this there was a Lihrary, and in the Cieling thereof a line Clock, made in Imitation of the great Dial of Syracn/i-; as alio a Uagnio, with three Cilkrns of lirals, and a Bath which held forty Gallons, adorned with the Gcni!i called Tauromenites. There were alio a great Number of Cabin? for the marine Soldiers, together with twenty Stables for Horlcs, ten on each fide the Deck, with good Accommodation lor the Horlc- men and Grooms. In the Korecaflle was the Ilcccprarlc for fidh Water, made of Planks, well lined with Cloaili and Pitch, which held two hundred and fifty three Hoglheads; and near tliat was .i Well, lined with Shcct-Lcad, which being kept full of Sea Wntci, nourilhed great Numbers of Filh. From the Ships fulcs there juttcil out, at a proper Diftance from each other, Icvcral Reams, whereon were made Places for keeping Wood, as alio Ovens, Kircliins, Mills, and other ncccfTary Offices ; each of which Beams was iupporrcil on the outfidc by a carved Image of nine Feet high : And the whole Ship was very handlomly painted. It was alio lurnillieil with eight wooden Towers, two in the Forecaftle, two in the Poop, and the reft in the Midlhips : From each of which rherc jutted out two Beams, whereon was railed a Breail work, full of Loop holes, from whence an Enemy might be annoyed with Stones. Each Tower was full of thole, and other milTive Weapons, and conftantly giiardcJ by four Soldiers compleatly armed, with two Archers On rhis up per Deck there was alfo railed a Stage, with a Brcaft-work roiiiul ir, whereon was placed a Machine invenred by ylrihimedes, which would fling Stones of three hundred Pound Weight, and Darts ol eighteen Feet long, to the Diftance of a hundrcti and twenty Pacci; round which Machine were hung, by Chains of Brals a kind ot Curtains, compolcd of large Cables, for its Security. The Ship W;i'i Book II. ■ Q^,,pX\\'J)i(/okti(fnoftJ^^^ 1 37 bd to lie on at ace for the Ac n Couches, mid :h luving three he Floors of all was rcprclcnrcd ich a Moor \va^ ^partnlcnt. On :Walk, wlicrciii all kinds, which I great Rcccpta-, Lirs of Ivy, and : watered in like mcnt devoted to if yf^titc, anil rily : The Root [he Wood of the ily adorned with re Woikniai\lhi|). id Convciiation, cored with box, : was a Library, Imirarion of the three Cilkrns of •d with the Gems umber of Cabini fs for Horlcs, ten for the Horic icprarlc for frclh nd Pitch, which near that was a ill of ScaWatcr, iiics there jutted BcMins, whereon Kircliins, Mill?, s was lupporrcd And the whole lillied with eight Poop, and the jutted out two oop holes, from Dach Tower nftantly guarded s. On rhis up- lead- work roiimi himedes, which r, and Darts of twenty Paces; rals a kind of ity. The Ship was was fiirnilhcil wtth three Mafls, and each of thciii w5fh two F,n- i>incs for ihrowiim Stones, from whence alio large Iron H<)oks, and iSolphini^ of Lead were to be flung into an Enemy's Ship. It was alii) fortified with an Iron PaliflTadc all round, to prevent an E- nemy's boarding, and had grappling Irons iii aRcadinels in all Quar- ters wherewith to Icizc, and bring to, luch hoftile Vcffcls as it might be ciii;a>:;eil with. Sixty Soldiers, complcatly armed, kept continual (jiiard on each fide of the Ship, and as many at each of the Marts, jiul their relpedivc Engines. Their Round-tops were of IJrafs, wherein was conflant Watch kept, by three Men in the Main-Top, and two in each of the other, to whom, in calc of Adion, Stones were to be conveyed in B.iskcts by ic help of certain Tackle for that piirpolc, and they were to be liipplied with Darts and Arrows by Hoys appointed to that Service. The Fore and Mi'/.en Marts were without Difficulty procured in Sicily, but a Main-Mart of pro- per Diinenfions was hard to be got, till at length one was found in the Mountains of /iritain, which was brought down to the Sea by •Philcns, an Engineer of Tauioincniitm. The Ship was Hirnilhcd with tour Anchors of Wood, and eight of Iron. And the' it was of lb vart a Dept!), its Pump, by a Device o^i Archimedes'^, wds ma- naged by one Man. She was at firrt called the Syracnje, but when Hiiron thought fit to fend her to 'Ptolemy, he named her the /1- Icxitndtia. She had fcvcral Tenders to accompany her, one Where- of was a Gaily called the Ccrcurus^ and the rcrt Fifhcr-boats, and other (mall VefTcls. Her whole Company confiftcd of an im- mcnlc Multitude, there being in the Forccartic alone fix hundred Seamen, always in Readinels to execute liich Orders as fliould be given ; and the Power of punifliing all Faults and Miide- mcauours done on board her was committed to the Captain, Ma- iler, and Matter's Mate, who gave Sentence according to the Laws of Syracufe. There were put on board her fixty thoii- land Bulhcls of Corn, ten thoufand Barrels of Salt-Filh, twenty thouland Barrels of FIclh , and as many Bales of Goods and Nc- cclTaries, befidcs all the Provifions for her Company But at length Hieron finding that all his Harbours were cither very dangerous for a Ship of lb vail a Burthen, or cllc not capable at all to receive her, (as 'tis realbnabk to believe not any of them were) he came to a Refolutiou of prcfcnting her to 'Ptolemy, King of jfizypt, as hath been before oblcrved, to whom flic was accordingly ifenr, be- ing rowed in Safety to Alexandria, This Ptokmy, liirhamcd 'Phi- Infntor, was, as AthenaM alio tells us, already pofTcfTcil of rw o Ships of extraordinary Dimcnfions of his own buikling, olic of which ' had forty Tire of Oars, and was ibur hundred and twenty Ffctt in ''"'^•^'yi>"»f>i length, and in breadth fifty fcvcn : Its height from the Keel to the s/,"/, '// p," " Mulk-hcad of the F'orccartlc was Icvcnty two F'cet, and to the Poop i-'iiy I'lin,, 1 aiithorn Icvcnty nine and a half When the King made iln Expo- '/.'"■ '""^ ' rinioiit of her Sailing, Ihc carrieil above four thouland Rowers, four ' '^ ' huiulrcd Seamen, and two thouland eight hundred and fifty marine Soldiers, befidcs a great Number of other People between Decks, with a vart Qiiantity of Provifions. The other was a Ship he built T to IIm 'i:k; ■ M SliiIV fr.lu ir.l 1,1 .1 Kii- I'l.rip ,>f^\.^ iHiu It litjiy viih ll.iiiiil \u\. 1 3 8 Naval TranfacHom hcforc the Book 1 1. tu take his Plcafurc in on the Nilcy which was three humhcd Kcct in leimth, and (orty five in hrcadrh, and the height of the Stern was mty ciuht Feet and a half. She was oi a Miiilt (liffcrent both from a Gaily and a Sliip of Ihirthon, being peuilurly formed lur the River, with a broad flat bottom, and was furnillied w ith Icvcral fuic Apartments and beautihil Ornaments luirable to the Ma^niruriice of the /h^ptian Kings; tor a more particidar Dclciiption where- otj I refer the curious Reader to the (bremintiuned Author, and re- turn to the Prolecution of the Roman Story. Syracufv being taken, ni the manner we have related, all other Cities of Suily prelcntly liirrendcr'd to the Rotnuns, and tlie whole Kland was now leduixcf into the Form of a Province; when Mar- ivlliis returning to RntHc, he tciehrated both a Triumph and an 0- vation, the firil for his Vic'torics obtained over the Car rha^iniatiSy and expelling them out oi Sici/yy the latter tor having brought that I (land to Obedience. Alter the tatal Battel at G/////aiiilltjt /I'Klll.lll'i tnitir a ff/nt- rait I'tatt , I'lillip/i)(i»n wlicrj- Author, and tc- dated, all other , and the whole .c; when Mar- iinnh and an 0- ; (,t4rrhaj>iniattj, ing brought that mans received fo I'htlip., Kiiij; ot ilortuiK", entered () adid him with dors who were ly a Squadron ol \' Calabria ; and in chief of the I Parts, that the [Teca. For altho' 1 with a Fleet of with Troops on » which Place the iciit of Men, the •donians who lay with the utiDoil ifTtculty elcaped, iiipfitrf letfireto Difturbancc from iiiadc an Alliance [againft him; to a Fleet to Cor- \tbns, anil taking \hilip''f, Allies, Ib- is War was very H by degrees in ^Aolians made a c Proconliil TV- |f thirty five Gal- iig his Dc fires to t Icngtii, by the s coijcluilcd be- While While Mant'llHs, after he had ^^aiiicd the Uatti-I at ' NMrmJtrHtM, )^^";'^'[', ' " was iliiviii^; lluimibal from Place to Place, the Catfha^intaus Iclr [ 'i,'',''"'' no Stone unturned in order to nuke thctnlclvcs Mallets of the Ci- f.ultlol larnitiim, havinji; alrruly |M)(]inidthcmlcKci*uf »hc I'own j Init /./vinf, who held that KortrclK for t\\ii Romans, was iii no paiii for .iiiy tliinj', they could dn, provided he were but hipplieil with I'ro- viruiiis 1 Ins both Parties knew, and were equally tlili^'ciit the om; ro iKitorin, and the other tu prevent ; lo that boili tlicir llectji lMj)|Ciimi; to meet, which were pretty equal in Strcni'ih, tlii-y cii- i-.i. ,| witii liuh hny, that prelently coniiuy IJrt)adruie i(» llioaiiriilc, •' "-'* ^t'" \\w Mai tuiiu,ht HantI to Hand as if they had been on llioie. The l' ii,"" ',!'/ two Ailmiial (iallics lu|ipc-ned to fall together, in one of which was ( .niiiij'.iiii- '■)i!i!iri/i> the liotnan Ailniiral, and in tliu other A'/io;/, a TaittKnn; •'"'' who coiniiMiKletl lor the durtbay^iuiitus Thelc m lintained ilio Imlir with iiiirulibic Fury on both (ides, but at IcnjitI, ^)hih(ii4s W- m\ 11.1111 by i\uon, as ho was exhorting his I'copic bravely to do tiKii Dili), the Ro)H(iti Coiir.igc began thereupon to droop; where- as oil the other li.iiul, the (.'arr/jai^inians, cncour.iged by that Suc- ixis, rciicwul the Cliaigc will liich Fury, that they took, liink, or //,• Kimi.m tliiw alliore almoll all the Rowan (iailies. The Ships laden with i'"' -ifJii'} I'loviluiiis lor the ti.iriilon ix'l arciiftwi, hovering in tlic mean time '" ar a Dillaiicc, and lecing the Day h)(t, timely lecured themlelves by i',ttiiiit; oil to Sta, aiui elcaped into the nearell Ports they could iiiala- wliicli were in the Hands of the Rottians : And Liviuf, the (I'ovcriior of 'larcntiiw, loon after retaliated the I.ols of the Ro- uiun (iallics on the Ht Tiei'crs Ahum the lame tunc At I'^alerins M('(fala, another Roniiui Ad ''■• U'lmns niiial, Willi a Meet fff fifty (iallics, made a Dclcciit in /If'ttcL; not i\x (yom'Onciit ami mart liiiig up into the Country without RiTill aiin', hnniL^lu aboard a vail IJooty, with a great Number of I'li- lomis, who iiilormiii;^ him that the F.iicmy had an'emblcd a very miiiKroiis Aiiiiy to Ik- traiiljiortcil into Sp'iin., and thence to pals into //,//»', he iiiljiarcluil Ailvicc thereof to the Senate, and took lii.li piiiiliiu Mcaliircs as utterly defeated the Kiiciny's Defigns. V.lditdius Neto, the Pro Praror, who had been jull iKMorc lent XitSfiitiii with twelve thoulaiul Foot and a thouliind Horic, embark- ed on board liliy (iallics of five Tire of Oars, and having landed 1 lie Troops, he invelled ' NciuC'arthai!^c on thcLand-fulc, and, with • Cuilimau. tlij Aliillaiice of the Fleet, prelently made himlelf Mailer of the /A.- Kmi aiu I'ljcc by Storm, wherein ho found liich a vail IJooty as enriched the '''*.'.,.'^!^'*" u IidIc Ainiy : And iii the Harbour were taken no Icls than a hun- tlrcij and tinirrecn Merchant-Ships, with all their Cargoes. There was a j/cat Contention between two private Men, one a Soldier, the o- iIki a Seaman, for the Rewaiil ot a mural Crown, each alledging ho a (:.'>,t,,'iti.n bill liid Icaled the Wall, inlbmuch that the Dccifion thereof was '"'";" bi(iiii;lit before iiV//'/#, who contented both, by allowing that each ^"''" "t tlicin mounted the Wall at the lame time, and bellowed both on I lie one and the other a mural Crown, (the Recoinpcncc ainotH' the Romans for Inch Services) which was a Circle of Gold, with lomc- T X thing 111,1 . ,1 tu /..... Ill A I .lllll.H'L-. tifo Mill. '\>\ I luftiiii in Atiu.1. " cjjilt GjI- lip). T/;«r,utli.if;i- nUlK llltliH 41 Sr.l. LXVIIIUS r.l' *,J(;«i lilt Ct/M'ilry 4- btiil Utica, ail J tijtt theC.it- tliJ^iiiMns •)/ Sta. 1 40 Naval TranfaBiom Icfarc the Book 1 1. thing of a Rcfcmblancc of the Battchnents of the ancient Walls li,t round if, of the lame Mcral. Not long after M. Kilcrius failed over again to/Jfrica with a hun- dred Gallics, and landing near " Clupca^ plundered A\ the ndjaanr Country ; when eighty three belonging to Carthage appearing on tic Coafts he got his People on board with aii Diligence, and cliargnl them wirh liicli Fury, that he took eighteen, lunk kvcral, the nil, with dirticulty, elcaping the lame Kate. Next Year Laviutts the Pro conliil. Admiral of the Roman Fleer, making a DcKciit in the Territory oi "Utica., ravaged the open Country up to the Gates ot that City, and having advanced almoft to CarthagCy returned vidJn- rioufly on board with his Spoils. In his way home he Icll in with Icvcnty Oirthagiman Gallics, and engaging them, liiiik four, tonk Icventeen, and put the reft to flight; when going on to Lilybtcm^ he repaired from thence to Rome with a great Convoy of Con:, without lb much as meeting with one Ship of the Enemy's in hu PafTage. Young Scipio, the Son of Tiiblins ScipiOy who was killed in Spahi, being now made Conliil, was wholly bent on carrying the the War mojlfrick \ but it was with Difficulty the Senate came in- to this, nor did they allow him more than thirty Vell'cis of War for his Expedition. However, he asked leave to railcVolusiteers, and receive what Contributions he could procure toward fictin;j; out a Fleer 'iiitable to hisProjed:; which being granted, nioftof the yoimg Gcniicmcn of Rome dilpolcd thcmlclves to follow his Fortunes; and the Roman Allies furnilhiiig him with Seamen, Sails, Cordage, and Provifions, and being permitted to fell Timber in the publick Fo- rcfts, he ufcd liich wonderful Dilpatch, that in^c and forty Days after they were taken in hand, his Ships were compleatly built, rin- ged, and in Condition for ScaScrvice. The News of thcic Prcp.i- rations very much alarmed the Cartha^^inians ., who wcic already Icnfibly afflidtcd for the Lois of eighty Ships, laden with Corn ai;d other Provifions, going to Hannibal to enable him to carry on the War in Italy, which were all taken by C. Oflavius ofTofSatciifiia. Scipio made »SVr/Vy the chief Scat of his Preparations, from whence when he was almoft ready to proceed, he detached Lalius with the old Fleet of thirty Sail over lo the Coaft oi Africa to learn the I'o- fturc of the Enemy, upon whole Return he made liiil from Ldy haum with his whole Force, confifting of anArmy of five and thirty thoufand Men, and a Fleet of fifty two Gallies, four hundred Ships of Burthen, and many other VefTels of different forts. Paffing over in Safety, he landed his Troops at the " Fair-Tromontory in very good order, andatthefirft Appearance of his Fleet the People on the Coaft were lb difmaycd, that they all retired up into the Country; nay at Carthage itfelf the Alarm was lb great, that the Gates were fliut, and the Citizens mounted the Ramparts. As loon as th^ were a little recovered from their Surprize, they lent out five hun- dred Horfe to view the Enemy, againft which Scipio detached a Party of his Cavalry which cut them to pieces ; aud then pvini', loun^ Scipio frifani Jjr Afticj. " C.t;< |?ona. Hi' Liiiji ill Aliic.i, anj ie.iis th» Car- Horfe. Book II. H (Jhap XI V. Diffolutlott of the Roiii EpNpirc, 1 4 1 icicnt Walls lit 'ica with a hun- ?ll the nilj.icdit ppcaring on cl.c :c, and chari^r^i tvcral, the nil, ir Lavhnis the I Dekcnt ill the to the Gates of rctiirncil \'\(Xci- ; he Icil in with iiink four, took in CO Lilybaum^ :)nvoy of Con,, Enemy's in hu ) was killed m on carrying the Senate came in- clfcls of War for Volimtccrs, and rd rittin;j; out a loft of the ) oung is Fortunes ; and s, Cordage, and the |Miblick Fo- and forty Days leatly built, rii',- of thclc Prcp.i 10 were already with Corn and to carry on the oiSatdiiiia. lis, from whence Latins with the to learn the I'o- fail from Lily five and thirty r hundred Ships Pafllng over montory in very ic People on the o the Country; the Gates were U loon as th-iy nt out five hiiii- \pio detached a md then ^ivini', Liclini AW/WJ Orders to repair with the Fleet loUtica^ he advanced thither himlt-lf with the Army, where he was joined l)y MaHauifa Kmgof ,„„.,,//, k;„^ iXuMiiha, whom Syphax had dilpoircMed of that Kini^dom. MnLmiia The (.'arr/xi^i^inians, being joined by Syph/i.\\ hatl by this time mcrcilcil their' Forces to eighty thoulaud Foot, and thntccn thoii- liiiJ Horic, upon Advice of which Sct/'io not only made a Shew as if lie worcdilpolcd to hearken to the CclFation of Arms wiiitli tlic Kiicmy had propolttl, but entered on a Treaty tor that Purpolc, Kiuhni; Willi his Cuiimullioiurs lomc of his ablcll Soldiers, in the Hil)ic of Slaves, to view the Camp. HisCuriofity being thus (atis- I'u'l, he biokc orfthc Treaty, and luddcnly let Fire to their Coverings ( t Mus Rccils, dry linuglis, and the like; which they not liilpeii- iiiL;, hue rhmkiiig it came by Accident, were cut in pieces in the n.innib.il»- iiiiJll /'/m.v being taken, he was Cent Priloner to Rome^ and \\^w\\\." The Carthaginidux, in |.;x,. cution of this Treaty, delivering ut^ their Ships, Stipio canlal tlitm to be carried a little way out to »ea, where, within Siglir '''/''» w'l" ^t ''"!> f''»c was making great Preparations .i- gaind tlic People of Rome, ylctltus Glabr'to was firll lent to oppoic liim, and had the Forrmie to give him Icveral Defeats; when (.nruc- Aniiocliii'.'i hUtI I'lAUII. A M. t;,.). Itiis Slip to, the Ro*nan Aiimiral, engaging with his Forces at Scj, under the Command of 77^/////^^^ entirely ruined the Fleet; wIulIi, ViiSlor)' being immediately followed by another as fignal atlaiiJ, the cllc>viinate Prmcc was contented to purchalc a Peace at the Tria- B^oTlI. B Chap. XV. Dfffolittion of the Kom. Empire. 143 'rcaty fliould ar- ay ten tliouliiiil of two huiulrcd :y flioukl i;ivc a CS to l)C inch as un^cr than tour. j/M/^/.v.r, ill Kxc. tj^io caiilcd them in Siglic ot' Car- five liiiiulicd; a Ciry it Mf\n\ C Heel to /.//y. to JioMi; where iiourc;! with the r, who icaivul ;ncleJ the lecoiul roin rhe builtlinj; ')f End of th( he firfl Trmm- this War, wctc afUy who com- ings fiuce their he .'Ithciiians^ inie time piclcr umlier i'< Kmgdoiu. By one of the Articles of the Treaty, "it was provided, that he Ihoiild ddivcr up all his Ships of War, with their Kiiii;i"[i and Naval Stores; that he mould not poirels above ten covered Ships »or thole to have more rhan thirty Oars apiece, and th.it lie lliould not, on any Occafion, navi .;atc on this fide the Pro- ...niirorv 'Cah'cadnus, uulcls it were to lend a Vcffel cither with ' ""■'/' the Tiibiite he was to pay, or Amba/laiiors, or Hollages, to Iious Army was cut ofi' by the Conliil 'Paulus Mmylius^ and the ''" R"i.uhon King obliged to liirrender himlcif into the Hands of the Conqueror. |/„'f ,'' ^'J^';,. ThcCoiiHil having lettlcd Maccdonta is^ Roman Province, anddif- \Z\\u'rlv,M, jnantlcd Ibmc Cities of Efirus, embarked on board a Ship that be- i^- ^' i/«' Ionised to 'Perfius, of an cxtraonlinary Magnitude, having no lels than fixtccn Tire of Oars, with which, loadcn with the Spoils of Macedonia^ he put to Sea, and in few Days arrived at Rome, where he \v»: :cLCivcd with the greatcll Dcmonllrations of Joy, and cele- brated a Iplendid Triumph, wherein 'Perjeuiy and the Princes his Children, walked in Chains before his Chariot. But Rome could not think her Icif lecurc, amidft alf thelc Con- i he ih„J Pn- qucfls, while her old Rival Carthage was yet ftanding; lo that a Pre- ""-k '^ir. tcncc was loon found to begin the third (Jarthagintan War, which was their being in Arms againft MaJlanilJa, an Ally ot ihc Rowans, though they had therein lufficicnt Juftice on their fide : And War be- ing accordingly proclaimed, both the Conluls were lent with n full Rclblution utterly to dcftroy the City. The Carthaginiaus aHiight ,^^ ^ ^ cd at the Romans IVeparations, immediately condcnmcd thole that /,,,' lo'Tiil,^ had broken the League, and moft humbly offered any realonabic Sa- <:»i"i'(!<:. tisfadion; but Anlwer was returned them that they iliould enjoy all as formerly, provided they lent three hundred Hollages ot the chief of the City within thirty Days to Sictty, and complied with what the Conliiis Ihould further command them. 1 h<^y dcfiring no- thing more than Peace, fent their Children as Hoftagts w ithin the limited time ; and the Conluls landing at %)eica loon after, they oil- patched CommiflTioncrs to wait on them, and know their Plcalurc. Cenfurtnus coinmcndcvi their Diligence, but demanded all their Anns, which, without any Fraud, were delivered up; and now tlieic un- happy People imploring Mercy, with many Tears, and all humble Subminion, dcfircd to know their laft Doom. The Conluls told tiicm they mult q'jit their City, for that they had Ipccial Onlcrs to level it with the Ground, but that they might build another any where within their own Territories, To that it were not wiiliin ten ,,,.,» Miles of the Sea, winch levere Command they received with all the • Concer;j ;?1 k m . I ■ ;i at! I nuns enra- ged at the De- tnand, of the Romans. 1 44 Naval Tranfaclions lefon the Book II. B Ch. The cartiiigi- Concern and Rage of a delpairing People, and rcfolvcd rather to a bide the utmoft Extremities than abandon, or yield to the Ruin of their ancient Seat and Habitation. The Confuls were very backward in opening the War, as not doubting but to make themfclves eafily Maftcrs ot the Ciry, now jd this naked and dcfcncelcfs Condition; but they found themfclves mightily dilappointcd; for the Inhabitants, animated with a Spirit of Rage and Fury, prepared for the moft obftinate Refiftancc, both Men and Women working Day and Night in making of Arms. Where Iron andBrafs were wanting they made ule of Gold and Silver; and the Women parted with their Hair to lupply the want of Tow ot Flax. They made jifdrubal their General, who had already in the Field a good Army, and when the Confuls opened the Siege, they met with liich notable Refiftance as greatly difcouragcd uhcm, and increafed the Rclblution of the Befieged. Martins commanded the Fleer, and Manitus the Land Forces that were employed before the Place. The Carthaginians^ in a vigorous Sally, were near making themfclves Matters of Mafilius's Camp, but were at length rcpulfed by the fingular Courage and Bravery of Sci/>io, the Graiidlbn, bv Adoption, of him that conquered Hannibal, who was then only a Tribune in the Army. As Martiits's Fleet lay at Anchor off the Moft Part of Town, the Bcftegcd filled a number of Boats with Faggots, and o 'lu^tTtTri ^^^^ combuftible StufF, and when the Land Breeze came up, let them on Fire, and fent them among the Roman Ships, moft part of which they deftroyed. The following Year Calpurnius Tifo was fent to command the Land Forces, and L. Mancinus at Sea, who endeavouring to take in Hijfpargetes, a Town between Carthage and Vtica, was twice de- feated, and forced to retire to ^tica ; which News the Romans re- ceived with great Concern, and the before named Scipio, then pe- titioning for the OfTire ofiEdile was chofcn Conful, tho' under Age, and had the War of Africa committed to him. He, arriving at % tica, received the Charge of the Fleet from L. Man(i»ns, whofn he lent back to Rome^ and finding it impoffible to rcducft Carthage but by Famine, he made ftrong Lines of Circumvallation and Contravallation on the Land fide to cut off its Communication tha' way, and the Harbour being on the weft fide of the City, which was fituate on a Neck of Land jutting into the Sea, hercljlvcdalfo to prevent the pafling of their Ships to and from thence, by build- ing a Caufeway from the Continent to the Point of the Neck of Land, which he eflcded with great Expedition, making it niuccy!;* Feet broad at Bottom, and twenty four at the Top. The Bcficgcd looked at firft with great Contempt on this Dcfign, as thinking i: impra iaterpolcd in their Favour ; for that Mithri- datcs having cauled a large Machine, in F^.m cf a Tower, to be railed upon the Decks of two Ciallics joined together, and placed the lame againft the Walls near the Temple of ///>, from which terrible Execution was done by numerous Darts, Arrows, and other miffive Weapons, at length, all of a iiidden, without receiving any Damage Mitiiiihirs itom i\\c Rhodians, it fell to pieces, whereupon A/z/mr/ii/f J railed 7it\vtV.''^' ^^^'^ ^'*^S^' ^'"^ retired to 'Fatara. 1)1 !, 's /„Vr« Soon after, by his Admiral Archelam, he took the Ifland 1>clou i> MiiiiikU- together with a confiderable Number of Ships belonging to the Place, "^' and an immenle Sum of Money conlecratcd to lacred Ulcs, where- by Critias, for his Service therein, acquired liich a Share oi the King's Favour, that he obtained thelupicme Government oi Athens. The Achaansy Laccdamontans and Boeotians all lubmittcil to Mt- jifUomrin-i thrtdatcs : but oiT of Eu6(ea, his Fleer, under the Command of i^^- '",;"'"' ""■' tro/fhanrs, was tlcfi:ated by Hrutius Hurra, Lieutenant to Sentmu , Pia;tor I'rxto wi'.li ; (.xptl while iiiiit A and j^ l.lll^Cll (.'\i-Ifld '' /•jibii iliioiii: Ihiini Thr oiii on iipim t( v.inciiu i;ai>(.(l 1 1 liiul IVI.1 Camp, Ills nw Willie iiieiic at my 10 f'il?cd.s BookII. H CiiapXV. Diffol/itio}iofthcRomJ'j//p/n'. 147 them oat; and f«x, who com- the Sirnamc of Quality ot Pro- e Seas, who rc- ecatnc very for- J made himlcit : began to think :ir AmbaHadors, [)rc if to its for- litbtidatcs and of CappadociUt es King oi Ar- J NicomedesxC' 'ia to the Con- fall the People were the only 'ith great Gcne- ' thoie that had iul oi4fi«- Mi. •lit out to Sea to is, and attempt- 'ort, whcrcupoD ouragcd by two laval Battel, un< IS equal to their ardcd, and krpt ly, of five Tire ated with one of nt Storm foiccJ id Walls of the :y liink, ando- The BcficGcd for that Mithri- \ Tower, to be , and placed the 11 which terrible nd other miflive iiigany Damage thrtdates railed ic Iflaud 'Deks, ng to the Place, i Ulcs, where- a Share oi the Tient oi Athens. bmlrtcd to Mi- omraandof J'^/^ iiant to SfHttuu rra;ior i'r.uKni;! Macvhnia. In the mean time Sylla was lent troin lioinc will) ail Arni\ n carry on the War ai^aiiill liim, who now having (.xncH'-'il iroin their Dominions the Kini;s ol lUihy/iiu anil "I'tipl.lu- {Tfj/jiir, Allies of the Romans^ took up ins Kcfulcncc at 'l'a\v,'ii/iiis, w liilc one ol his Sons of the ianic Name ruled 'I' out us., and the / l>>n- (iiiit Hfifphofffr, A\u\ j'lrito athis, another Son, was liil)i.iiiiiiL;////v«r ami M/iccdoii'ta with a great Army ; and Ins Admnal Ai cbclaus i.iiii;cil the Seas with a confuleiablc Mecr, with which he rciliiccil the {'•sdadi's to his Ohodience, lOj^erhcr with liie Iflinils ' iiyrb.tii and '^ h'jibnui ; and ai all rlic manrune Places lioiii ylthais to 'J'hi(lah, lliroii:;li ilie hilluencc of the AtbcuiaiiSy revolud to him, lu was IhiitinsiWo djfeaied by I and, ami lorced Xn abandon his C'.nnp. '1 lib was the State oi' Allairs in /IJia and (irccic when itjUa came oiii oil tins Kxpediiion, who iiieetim; with /Itchfl.ms at the River (jfhif'is in /id'otia, obtained an enure Vidoiy over liini, and rheie- iiponconlecratcd a 'I'rophy to A/uts, I't'iiiis Mn\ /'/(/vr/rf, wlieii ad- vaiicini:; ai;.;iiill 7^ iu.u adjnii^',eil an Kne- niy 10 i\k Ruu/iifi l\ople, who ra/,ed his I loule, eoiirilcated all his f'il'eds, aiul lent ilv' onlnl i'tili'yius hlntcns lo liiecced linn in tlic Management ofilie '^'.•i I > idatick War. Notwiihllantnij.', this Syl- /rf retaincil the grea^J i .rt ot the Army wiih Inm, iuul palling o \crto/(/ia forced Aj//i.,u./afcs to Uie tor a Peace, u hicb he granted him on theic Conditions; iliat the l-Orces nmler Archt'Liiis Ihould he dchvercd np to the Roinaus, and all Pi doners of War ami I)e- lerteri rellorcd to iliein; that his Iroops Ihould evacuate all the Towns in Afiu which had been m IN llinion oi the RdtujiiSy ami that he Ihould enjoy only his herctlitary Kingdom of ^Poiitii.\\, en- tirely abandoning 'PawphyUa., Bilhyuia, Nnoniidia and (.''ippado ciii; that he Ihould pay down two thouland I'alents, and deliver up Ins whole I'lecr, which confillcd ol Icventy CJallics. Ill this manner was the Atithridatuk War laid alleep lor a lliori tune: And .Vy/^'i leaving only two Legions in ^7//,/, advanced with the lell ol his vidorions Army towanls Ittily^ that he miglii piole- etitc his Relcnrments ngainll the oppofitc l-adion there, and cany on ilie Civil War. L. MtuiCiia^ whom he left in ///w, being gicat- ly ambitions of ihe Honour of a'l rinniph, laid fiegc to (j, Diana the neliell City in M/thyidatcs'^ Dominions, who advancing wiih gicat r.xpediiion to the Relief of the Place, was deleated, but maile up the Kiiptnrc a'',ain in the Terms oT the former Treaty. This was callal the fccond M'nhridat ichW j^x \ ami the third lell our l()oii af- ter, oeealioned by the lame L. Minwna., who entcied with his 'J'roops into a./pjuidociaj under Pretence of allilling /hiobarz.um's^ King of tliar Coiiiuiy, he having complained of the Devallation of his'ler- ritoncs by the Eucmy. Milhrulatrs^ that he might be the more U X able ;Vi'. ,11 c liilli- ii-i! I'l .Miiliii- il lie. ' C'cnjjd. '' Ncij'io- Syll.i l/t.ili Ar liel.\Hs .h-.l ll.jlll.HH. Syll.i .i,/;.'/./,;iiy ,111 I'tutiiy 10 Koine, Ihii l,l '\ M jS. S. ;.'■(■ tJU.ifi.int ■•/ ihr 'fon:l ,i".l iIhiiI Mi- lllllil.llh k n .III. n 1 » w 'j( I I'i ii liSiii^ 148 Naval Tranfadiom before the BookII. Hch, Miihriiliics li'lj^uii -ii'ilh i)i.'rto:liis. ' Yvn^a. 0/ ihe I'iraus «/Cilicia. d Streiihis of Gibraltar. « Guadilqili- vir. ' Peoph ol I'C'. 8 I'orliigucfc. >• TjnfT i»» of Gibraltar. Sertorius Lean (Jotta, able to deal wich the Romans^ made a League with Scrtorius, who had ici/cd on iSy'tiz/r, that lb his Enemies might Bad Divcrnon in the Wed, while he was making his utmoll EHorts in the Eall. Sertorius was an experienced Officer, who had palTed through Ic- veral of the moft coiifidcrable Employments, and flying from tlic Cruelties which Sylla cxercilcd in Italy, clcapcd to Africk, whence pafHug into Spain., he maintained the War there for Ibme time; bm oeing at length expelled thence, joined himlclf to the Pirates of Ciliciaj who at this time very much intcftcd all Parts ot the Medi- terranean, and by their Afliftance made himlclf MaHer of the Ifland "'Pityuja^ forcing from tliciice ihc Roman Garriion under A/t) k I ! . Aiitoiiiir. ./r fr.ilril /y I lie I'iniln if ( 'iIk m. Sriviliii'i ■utnnmn lliiin. ilr I'n.iin < \l,n.l,i (>ilii.ill.ir //. /liitoiiiiix, wlio lud been Itiit l«)iiic nine liclore tins ni'.-iinH (1^ Pintis ol CiIki/I., iimiIc (nine iiufrcc'lu.il Ait(iii|iis ;ii;.iiiin tlicni, m wliicli lie w.is (due tlclt.itei! hy tluiii in a Sknniilli, nml lia I the M()rti(i(..»ti()ii to Ice liis Men who were fallen into their I lands, lumi, tip (in ilv.\'.ii(l Ainr, and tarried ni that manner tiis\, tnll of then Spoils and I'hinikr, and alio nude linnli.ll MalUr oi Ijiiiitiri., their capital Cny, Uvm wheiKc he had the liile ol I liiiiriciis \ whuh Siucel'. ol' Sirmlins ohiigcil them ir) >|nii tlii' Sea lor loine time, and looarate nuo tlieir Icvcrjj C'onniiiis uIkic they r(iired to Monntanis ami ni.icicljihle I'Luci; JMit not lonv; alicr, with a ineat AcccHion ol Strcnwh fioni all I'.uts, *, .,,,,' they covered the Sea with uieir I leet.s. Hereupon // (i,ihiiiiiis laid a Hill hefo-e flic I'eopic ('(m TofnlX)'', I llavill^ the (iovcrninenr of the Se,i fioni i he ' Sii(i;;liis o| (ludw lo .Vy>/V/ and ^I'tiiHphylia, and lioin f'-i^y/'f ami /.iha up ro iIk:/'« xt//r, in ordi r ro pur an ei d to the Piratic War ; and v. irhal pni poled that lie ini|^lit he adilled wiili (itreen Perlons ol S i ,it(»ii,;ii Hank, as Ins |,ieiilenaiit'<, to he of his own chiirinv', ; and that i herd llionid he illucd to linn tiom the |iiil)lii.k irealnry huh a Sinn ol Mo. iiey as he Ilionld think nccellary for diliiyin^ the (, har|.',e ol ilic I x- pcdition. VV/w/'rv haviiii', received ihisC'oininind lioni the People, notwirhllandi; -^ it was violently oppolcd hy the Senate, ^or hisShips Men and Provifions ready with increilihk l)ilj)atch, the Iker cim filling of two hundred and levcnry Sail, and to (tit off all Rcirat from the Pirates, he made a Dilporiiion of his OHiceis in this iiuii' ner The Coafl vi' S/uiin within the I'illars of //ar/z/cr he com- united ro 'I ihrtius Ncroy and Mnuliux'l orrjiKilus; the Seas of (;W and l.ij^iit ia to yl/. 'I'otnpoiiiuJ, and thole oi y/fr/ci:, Smditiiti, mid C'orfii,! to 1.1'iitiitii.u M/irnlliiiu.u ami 7'. /Ittiiius. Of the Gull (if itahy I . (irlliiix and dii. Lrntiilus had Charge ; and 'Pltitius and 'Itr. ytirro had the Comniaiul of the SiiUiau and lonuiii Seas as far a? /hiniianin. L Ciiitia was (lationed on the Seas of ''l^chpntiiufusy /IftiCfiy I'Mbiviiy Thi'll/dyy and Macrdonia ; and to /,. (jitlius liii (.arc was committed the re II of the /I'.i^raUy with the Ifl.nids tlicro 111, together will) the /A7A'//'o///. /i/fhyftitt, 'Ihrtirr, the '" VVu- pout If, and the " Hojf'lwrux were given in Charge to 7' 'l'ifd\ ami Lyrift, U'dwf'hylia, dypnix, and 'I'hanuia to Alilrllm Ncf'ox. I'.Kti of thele Officers had under his Command a ludicicni Niimlxrol Ships; and ""t'otupty having with fixty Sail IlmikcI all the W'dl part of the Mediterranean in forty Days, crol fed ihc Ion/air^ ,iii'l put " 'iii.lriorj, ill ;ir /Ithcfix, from whence he |)ro( ceded to " (lorturfinm m ^///(M, '"ii'iiN. " whith he took, with leveial other llrong f lolds in ilmk P. ins 'I'l^ Ketcptuiles of the Pirates ; who now, niiahic to niai'c hr,i,| ajMinll a horec w herewith they were attacked in all Paris, niul li.uiiu', i"' Mace of Retreat, placed all their Hopes m the Hoinnii (.ieiiiaK). ami I nltl|irv <■" I htm. ■ ' '.r.i of M.n linr.i. " Mirijhi. (./ < '.l.ll.iiili. IKiplc. Book I!. ^B Chap XV. lyiffohdtionofthe Rom. Empire. 1 5 1 this npaiiifl ilic ii^aiiilk tlicin, III li, .mil III I till cir I Liiuls, liiiii|i (.'rrfr; to liii,. tju-lc I'ir.ircs at , wllO .r. Jvnii Kiciii Nil iilicr III iM.l .ill thcW«;l\ IC lotiiriu^ ;iii'l I'll' k r[iitiii ill <,'ilniii, 1 ilidlc I'ans '1'^ In.il'c hca.l againll .iiul li.uini', 11" \^/ji//a/i (.kiiitiny- ami ami liirrciiticriil thcinlclvcs Pnloiicrs a Dilcrctioii to i'omPry, who extended Macy to moll of tliciti, ami platucil a loiifulcrahlc Ntiiii her in Soi/} a ^'ty "' (jUiia, which had hccii lardy dcpopularcil [)y '/fgta/te.( , Kii'i; of /ffffit'tuM , whence it was caWcA Tom pc top o Its hi' the Sp.KC of four Months this War was entirely hioiij>ht to a Coiiclufioii. Ill which were taken five huiuiral bri»c Ships, hefidcs crcar Nmnhers of Krigatcs, aiuj a val\ Quantity of Materials for hiiilding others was let on lire. For lome (l^nal Service which Ttr. l^nrro, one of the bLloremenrion'tJ Oflficcrs, performed in this War, i'ompey honi'iiicd Inm with a Naval Crown, which was of Gold, Kt round «irh hgiires rcleiiihliiii» the Heaks of Ships aiul was the full of this kind, as 7V/«y tells its, il;at was ever hdlowcd. Upon T'ltHpiy's happy Coiicliirion of this llufincls, the Mithri- dathkV^^\ wai coimnitted to him by Pecrce of the People, with a C\)iniiii(Tion to he Captain Cjcncral of all the I'orces in ////t Miiim. ill Durliiaiice thereof, i 'paircil to Clitlatiit, ami took upon hiin the ''""^'' "*' Coinin.iiid of the Army late under l'<' m 1 5 2 Naval Tr anfaEHons before the Book II. For the maritime Coafts being cleared of I'iratcs, And The Dominion of the Sea rcftorcd to tlie Roman People ; For the Rcdudion of /Ifiuy 'Pontus, ylrmenia, ^Papblagnnta., Cappadocia, Ctlicia, Syriay The Scythians, J< ^'s, p yi/haniansy '^Iberia, the Ifland C'r^/f, the ' liaj/eruty And Of the Kings Alithridates and T/graHcs, This Triumph is celebrated. p Scirwan, « Provmc$ of Perfij upon the Cafpian S$a. 1 Georgia. ' Tart.us oj Or/,ikow, and about tht Mouth of tht Rivtr Nicper. TompeVy out of his Share of the Spoils gotten in thefc Wars, built a Temple to Minervay the Words of the Dedication whereof, the fame Tlmy has tranihiitted to us as they arc here let down. Cn. Tompeius Magnus Imper. bello XXX. annornm confeBt\ fujisy fugatisy occijisy in dcditionem accept isy bominum vicies ft- mel centenis LXXXIII. M. ; deprcjjls atit caPtis navibus DCCCLXVI.; oppidisy caftellis MDXXXVIII. in fidem receptis; terris a Maoti tacit ad Rubrum Mare ftibaiJis ; votum merito Minerva. Cneiiis Tompey the Great, Captain-General, Having ended a thirty Year's War, Routed, put to flight, killed, or taken Prifoners Two Millions a hundred and eighty three thonfand Men, Sunk or taken eight hundred threefcorc and fix Ships, Received by Surrender fifteen hundred and thirty eight Towns and Fortreflcs, And reduced to Obedience All the Nations from the Lake of Maoris to the Red Sea, In bounden Duty dedicates this to Minerva. HAP. XVI. Combination bttwttn Pom- pey, CralTus, and Julius Cxfar. Of the Naval Wars of the Romans, from the Be^frimi ofthejirft Triumvirate, to the Death o/ Julius Cxlar. POmpeyy fbon after his Return to RontCy entered into a Combi- nation with Craffus and Julius Cajary to let nothing pals io the Common-wealth without their joint Approbation. Purl'uant to which Agreement they divided between theralelves the beft Pro- vinces of the Empire, in confequence whereof, Gaul fell to the Share of Cafar, who, to bind Tompey the more ftrongly in his In- terefts, gave him his Daughter in Marriage. Julius Cafar had not long entered upon his Government, than by taking Advantage of s the BookII. ■ Chap.XVI. Diffblutiofi of the Kom, Empire. 153 rates, « People; ntUy in thcfc Wars, cation whereof, re let down. or urn confe[io\ Inum vicics fe- aPtis ftaviks fidcm receptis\ votum meriti eral, foners [ifand Men, fix Ships, ns and FortrclTes, tc Red Sea, rva. the Begifimi ilius Cxlar. into a Combi- nothing pal's in Purl'uant to the beft Pro- 'anl fell to the ongly in his In- Cafar had not I Advantage of ■^ the the Di villous of the Gauht and, by ciooufing one Fadtion againft .uiotlicr, making himlcif Malkr of both, together with the defeat- ctUt r,dnc„ ill ' tliolc who refilled him in Icveral Battels, he had reduced all ''' f''" '• that Country to his Obediei.cc as far as the Ocean ; where the ' Vemti, relying on tlicir confidcrable Naval Force, and being iiip- • yi^fi, ti ported by Icveral other confederated People in thole Parts of Gau/, Vnaics »,ij oppolcd thcralclves to his Ccnquclls, and even with liich Succels, ,'it7',„*"u';. that it was with much difficulty they were lubducd, in the manner ft&ue. we have related in the firll Book. The People of Britain having affifted the yetieti in this War, de/ar had no Iboncr Icttlcd that Part oi'Gan/, but he rcl()lvcd on *"xhrnfih„ an Expedition againfl that Ifland; ot which the Ihitains havitw no- '"J^J^u'il" ticc, they were under great Uncafinels, and dilpaclicil Am!)afTidors linram!' ■ fi I f,n:t to him, dcfiring the Fricndihip ot the Roninns, and oilcrini» Horta- t;cs i'or tiicir good Behaviour. He gave thcni a fivourablc Audience, f ■ind advifing ihem to pcrfift in their good Intentions amicably dil- '^mhajj^J^n niilTcd them: Mean while the Moriiii, a People inhabiting the Sea "'""'• Loads oppofite to the ncarcft Parts of Ihirain, lubmittcd to him of rhcir own accord, excufing thcmfelvcs for whar they had hitherto ilone from their Ignorance of the Rowan People. Cafar having diipatched C. Volupnus with a light Frigarc to view the oppofite Coaflsof the Illand, (who, upon his Return, in five Days, gave him an account of what he had oblcrved) got ready a lulicient Number of Ships for the Tranfportation of two Legions, which he put on board, and having ifiiicd the necelTary Orders, lailed from '' "Partus b caUis, er Iccius about one in the Morning, and by ten arrived with his Squa- '■'"*"■ Bf"- dton on ihz Briti/h Coaft, where he law all the Cliffs (liippolcd to I'j^r^/- ti„ be thofe obout'DoverJ covered with the Enemy in Arms. Such -ivrWjByy. was the Nature of the Place, that the Brttains might call their Darts o' '<<"iK-6y8. with great Advantage from the impending Hills; wherefore, not 55.'"^' thinking it convenient to land there, he caft Anchor, and waited cx\n»rrivn for the "coming up of part of his Fleet. Upon their Arrival, about ''"■ '^'[^"/ three in the Afternoon, he called a Council of War, and communi- cating the Intelligences ^(3/«ye««j had given him, he, when the Wind and Tide ferved, made the Signal for weighing, and having failed about eight Miles further, arrived at a plain and open Shore, fomcwhere about 'Deal. The Brttains being apprized of his Dc- :/,, nrn fign, fent their Cavalry and Chariots before, and fpccdily advanced '/'""'t >"■ with the reft of the Army, in order to oppoic his lauding, a thing ''""' ''^ which he found very difhcult, for the Ships drawing a confiderablc Depth of Water , they could not come within a great Dilbnce of •the Shore; fo that the Soldiers were forced to leap into the Sea, leaden as they were with heavy Armour, and at the lame time to encounter the Waves and the Enemy in a Place they were not ac- quainted with ; whereas the Brttains , either Handing upon the Shore, or wading & little way in the Water where they knew it to be Ihallow, having the free Ulc of all their Limbs, could boldly call their Darts, and fpur their Horfes forward. Cafar obferving that his Men abated of their ufual Ardour, ordered the lightcft Gallies to advance (a fort of Shipping the Enemy had not feen before) and at- X tack .'.r nr'niiis 'k » I' V i . i mk i 154 Naval TranfafJiofistfefore the Book II. H^h^ .1 flitrp Cen- lti,l, hut ih, lllll.llllS jrt fill in finllt. 'Ihtsliif'i 11 it h lilt Hiiiii.in C-ivatiy Jt- fArateJ. Al4»y •/ Cx- f»r'i shift ill- /irayeil l>y <• kiih TiMf, Tht Rritainf rictivi t total Dtjiat. Cxht riturni to Giiul. tack them in Flank with ihcir Slings, Engines, and Arrows, which was pcrtbnncd with goodSucccIs; h>r the /iritains, liirnri/cd at thole Gallics, the Morion of the Oars, and the Kngincs, began to give Ciround ; when the Ragle Dearer of the tenth Legion ohlcrviim the Backwardncis of the Soldiers to venture into the Sea, firA iti- vokcd the (lods for Succels, and then cried ont, FoUow mr, /W. low-Soldiers^ unlcfs you will abandon your Eagle to the h.nmr, for^ for my part^ I am rejolved to .perform my Tiuty to my Com try and my Clencral. With this, he immediately leaped over bnjrd, and advanced the Kagle againll the /intaitis ; wherennnn the Sol diets, encouraging each other to prevent (b (Ignal a Dilgracc, lo|. lowed his Fxample. The ConHidt was (harply inaintaiticd on both fides for Ibmc time, till the Joremoft Ranks of the Romans got foot ing on dry Ground, when they put the Enemy to flijjht, who, a? loon as they were out of reach of danger, lent AmbaHadors to C'< far to dcfire Peace, promifing to deliver Hoftages for their entire SubmilTion , which were accordingly received, and a Peace con- cluded in four Days after his Arrival. Eighteen Tranlports appoint ed for his Cavalry, which were not ready to embark with the rcll of his Troops, having put to Sea after him, with an ealy Gale ol Wind, were already arrived within Sight of the Roman Camp, when of a ludden there came up liich a violent Storm, that they were ill diljjcrlcd, ibme endeavouring, in the bed manner they coulo, to reach the Port whence they came, while others driving down the Chanel,, let fall their Anchors and attempted to ride it out, but finding their Endeavours ineffectual, bore away alfb for Gaul. The fame Night the Moon being at the full, and caufing a Spring-Tide, a Circiiiti- (lance the Romans were ignorant ofj the Gallics they had hauled np on the Sands were loon filled with Water, and the Ships of Dnrthen, which rode at Anchor, were fb violently agitated with the Stonn, that Icveral of them founder'd, drove from their Anchors, or loll their Mafls and Rigging, all 01 them being rendet'd ulclels; and the Romans had no Materials to . ,,.1 them, or other Veffels to tranl- port themfelves to the oppo'ire Shore : nor had they made any Provifion for wintering in Rritain, infbmuch that the whole Army was under a terrible Confternation. The Princes of Britain, who were affemblcd to perform their Agreement with Cafary knowing that he had neither Cavalry, Ships, nor Provifions, and thinking they fhould be more than an equal Match for the Romans, cannc to a Refblution to break with them again, which they accordingly did, and attacked them with their wnolc Force. After two or three Skirmifhes, with doubtful Succcfs, they came to a decifivc Battel, wherein the Britains received a total Defeat, and immediately thereupon had Recourfe to their oldCuflom of fending AmbafTadors to beg Peace; whereupon Cafar commanded them to lend him into Gaul double the Number of Hoftages he had before required, and not thinking it fafe to take a Winter's Voyage in his crazy VcfTcIs, the Autumnal Equinox being near, h« took the firft Advantage of a Wind, and weighing Anchor about one in the Morning, In few Hours arrived lafe in Gaul with his whole Fleet. Having Book II. ^MQh^p.^VI Diffoltit/on of the Kom. Empire. 155 Arrows which nsy (iir|)ri/.C(i it nines, bc^an to c^inii ohlcrvini; he Sea, firll jn. ollow mr, /•'(•/. fo the /'.Hrmy; Hty to my Conn- ipcd over bnjrd, ciinon tlic Sol a bilgrace, thl- ntaincd on both \omans got foot- flijjlit, who, is bafladors to C'< for their cntiie d a Peace cnn- nlports appoint irk with the rcll an caly Gale ol ftf« Camp, when lat they were all ^ coulil, to reach 3wn the Chanel,. bur finding their The lame Night Tide, a Circiim- y had hauled np hips of Burthen, with the Storm, nchors, or loli ulcleis; and the VcfTels to trani- hey made atiy le whole Army " Britain^ who .>/4r, knowing and thinking omatiSj came to accordingly did, ■ two or three decifivc Battel, id immediately ng AmbafTadors lend him into : required, and crazy Vcficls, Advantage of a orning, in few Ite/^ Havm« Icttled the Winter-Quarters of his Troops to ' CaUia ■■ rh Se- '/ilica, (wlicic two of the Coimnunitics of Ihitain Iciu tlicir Ho. ''"-'''i"^' all rhc I ell iitglodling ir) he repaired to Ulynntm, Icavuig 3 Having flai;cs, all rUc icn iitgiocimg ir; nc rcpaireu lo t Orders with the Cominaiidiu^ Oilicers oi the Legions to clean an relit all the oM Ships, and to build a Number of new ones, lower than iiliiali ^1^^' '*' ''^^T n^'^'it l'^ ^^'^ eafier hauled alhore, and more cxpcilitioully loadcii ; tor he had oblerv'd that, by tcalon of the Irciiucnt dunging of the Tide in thelc Parts, there did nor run (b great Seas as in the Mediterranean. He alio ordcicd them to be built broader, that lo they might carry the greater Number of Hor- jcs and Carriages, and to he contrived both for rowing and lailiugi tor which their low built would render them the more fit : And as lor Rigging* a»ain. On his Return to Caul the next Spring, he found the Fleet in Kcadincli) ; and the tirttaitis having nor lent the reft of their Ho- flages, according to Agreement, he left Labicnus with three Legi- ons, and two thouland Horic, to lecurc the ''Port us I ccirut and watch the Motions of the Gau/s, and embarking with the like Num- ber of Horle, and live Legions, about Sunlct he weighed Anchor, CxUrnurni with an ealy Gale at S W, which dying away about Midnight, he '" "'"•""• found, by break of Day, that the Currents had carried him too far to the Kadward ; bur the Tide rhen returning, uiid all Hands la- bouring hard at the Oars, (wherein was not enough to Lc commend- ed the Diligence of the Soldiers, who made the Ships of Uurthcu keep up with the light Gallies) about Noon he uaioed the Land, and put in at the lame Place he came to before ; wncrc he tbund no Hritaiast tor they had retired at the full Sight of fo numerous a Fleer, which, including Velfcls* of all forts, conftHcd of eight hun- dred Sail. C^/ar, having landed his Army, marked out a Camp, and learning from Ibmc Prilbners which fell into his Hands where the Enemy wore encamped, he left twelve Cohorts, and three hun- dred Horie for the Security of his Fleet, which he thought was in no danger from the Weather on liich a Imooth open Shore, and hav- ing appointed ^ Atriiis to command, advanced hirafclf by Night in Advance «. qucft pf the Natives. He had not marched above twelve Miles e'er %»inj\thtM' he law them, who having ported their Horlcs and Chariots on the ''""• Banks of the ' River, endeavoured to oppofe his Paflage, but being a rA»Stower. rcpullcd by the Roman Cavalry, lied to the Woods, notwithftancP ing the Advantage they had of Ground. Cafar \s ould not permit his Men to tbllow them, bccaulc the Day was far Ipt or, he intend- ing to employ the Remainder of it in intrenching his Camp ; and next Day News came from Atrtm that the Fleet had lulfir'd ex- //„ f/,,, f^f. trcmcly by a Storm, mod of the Ships having broken from I'.ieir /"""<£* m* Anchors, and iiillcn Ibul of one another, or ran afliorc; whereupon '"'""• he immediately lent to call in the Parties he had detached our to Icour the Country, and returned with his Army to the Sea fide, where he tbund about tbrty of his Ships loft, and the reft lb much dilabled, that they could not without difficulty be repaired. How- ever, he let all the Carpenters he had to work upon thcui, and lent Xi for ■i\ I i. m m .ipihWi'.''' \i I $6 Naval TranfatVtons lefore the Book IL for others from Gaul, ordering at the fame time Labienus to (iji. patch to him as many more Ships as polfibly he could. Confidcr ing then that tho' it were a Work of great Labour and Difficulty, yet it would be of fmgular Importance ro haul the Ships up, and HeinciuHesim iHclude them withiu the fame Retrenchment as the Camp, he re- shiptu'iihnia Iblvcd to fct about it, and it was performed in ten Days, his Mcu Remnchmnt. labouring both Day and Night. This done, he left the lame Number of Troops for the Protc(3i. on of the Ships as before, and advanced to the Place he had lately removed from, where he found the Enemy's Forces greatly cncrcafcd under the Command of CaJJivellauntis, one of the Kings of the Iflaud « TA«Thv;Ties. (whofe Territories lay beyond the ' Tame/is) whom they had now chofen for their Gcncralimmo. With him Ctefar had feveral Skir- BcAts Caffi- mifhes with various Succcfs; but at length forced him to retire into "h^iix^Gin'!-' ^'^ °^^" Dominions, whither he relblved to march after him. Ar- ray, riving at the Banks of rhc 'Tamejis, he law the Enemy's Forces drawn up in a confidcrable Body on the oppofite fide, which was fortified with (harp Stakes, and many Piles of the like kind were driven in- to the bottom of the P iver, the tops whereof were under Water. Cafar, notwithftanding, crofled the River at this Place, (fuppofed to be Coway-Stakes near Cher*^-yJ and put theBritains to flight; fb that CaJJivellaurtus loft all i.opes of Succcfs by Battel, and re- taining with him not above four thoufand Chariots, could only ob- fervc the Motions of the Romans, and prevent their making fuch Excurfions as otherwife they would have done. In the mean time the ^ Trinobantes, b Cemmagn'h ^ Segont'tac'ty ' Ancalites., ^ Bibroci, and ' CaJ/ii liibmitting to him, and the Kings of " Cantium having milcarricd in their Delign upon the Naval Camp, Cafflvellaunus fent AmbafTadors to treat of a Surrender. Cafar, defigning to Winter in Gauly accepted his Submiflion, demanded Hoftages, and appoint- ed the yearly Tribute which the Britaitis fliould pay to the People of Rome, which Hoftages having received, he marched his Army back to the Sea (hore; where finding his Fleet refitted, he ordered them to be launched, and had Thoughts of tranfporting the Troops at twice, bccaufe his Ships were not liifficient to receive them and the great Number of Prilbners ; for of thofe fixty which Lnbinm had built, very few were arrived. Cafar having in vain expcded dre.i oj Bray thcm fof fomc timc, and doubting the Navigation might be hazar- •"caiiw'^'^' *^°"^» ^'"^^ ^^^ Equiuox was approaching, he made a Ihift to croud all his Troops on board thole Ships he had , and letting fail a- bout ten at Night, arrived the next Morning on the oppofire Coaft. The Gau/r, during his .Abfence, had been concerting a general Revolt, which this Winter they put in Execution, bur he in a Ihort timc reduced them to Obedience, killing Indntiomarus, one of the principal Authors of the Rebellion. Having palTed the Rhine, and overcome the " Stcambri on the other fide that River, he quelled another Rebellion in Gaul, and taking Vercingentortx Prilbner, fet- tled the Country in Peace ; about which time Crajfus being ilain in the Eaft, the Triumvirate was dilTolved, and Cafn^'s Daughter Julia, Crcjfes the Rtver of Thames, and CanTivcllau- nus treats oj a Surrendir. f Middlefex and l.A'ex. s Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridg- fhire, and Huntingtoii- fliire. h The Hun- dred if Hole- lliot in Himpfhire. i The Hun- dred c/ Hen- ley in Ox- fordfliire. k The Hun Hundred in Hertlord- fliire. "• Kent. Citfar return', to CUuI. 1 The People inhabiting Zutphen, Book II. fl ChapXVI Diffohiti on of the Rom Empire. 157 Labienus ro c'ii. ould. Confidcr. r and Difficulty, e Ships up, and le Camp, he le- 1 Days, his iMcu for the Protcdi- ce he had lately greatly encrcafcd ingsofthelllaod m they had now had feveral Skir- ira to retire into after him. At- y's Forces drawn lich was fortified i were driven in- :rc under Water. Place, (fuppofcd '•itaitts to flight; Battel, and re- , could only ob- icir making fach 1 the mean time Cant turn having fjivellaums fent gning to Winter ;es, and appoint- vj to the People rched his Army :ted, he ordered ting the Troops :ceive them and which LnbidMi 1 vain cxpe(Sed mighr be hazar- a ihift to croud letting fail a- l)n the oppofite rring a general ur he in a ihort r«j, one of the the Rhine^ and iver, he quelled tx Prifoner, fet- {fus being flain ?/tf-'s Daughter rfitlta, th';WifeofPey's great Power, and Interefl with the Se- nate, were very much laid to Heart by Cte/ar, the one not being able to bear an Equal, nor the other a Superior. The Senate, influenced by 'Pom- fey, ordered Cafar., when he petitioned for a fccond Confiilfhip, to disband his Army, and appear as a private Perfbn at the Election ; which he rcfi-inng-, unlcfs "Pornpey were obliged to do the like, they looked u; a it as a Denunciation of War, and appointed 'Domitius, Domitius ap- with five Legions, to fuccecd him in the Government of Gaul. Ca- ^d'eTc'"/"" Jar having Advice of what pafTcd at RomCf marched his Army with c'ui. wonderful Expedition into Italy, and crofTed the °Rub'tcoH, Tompey's • Pifateiio Troops not daring to oppofe him : He placed Gatrifbns in all the flrong Places of Italy, defeated Petre'tm and Afran'tus, Tompefs c.xUr lean Lieutenants in Spain, and took Brundufium\ where caufing all the I'ompeys Ships ro be brought together, that could be got from the feveral ^'"""""'"• Parrs of "he Mediterranean in his Intereft, he fent ^ Valerius, bis Lieutenant, to Sardinia with one Legion, and Afinim Pollin with three to Sicily againft Cato, who kept that Ifland for Tompey, and had not only ordered all the Ships belonging thereunto to be refitted, but that each City ihould build a Number of new ones ; who yet, notwithftanding thele Preparations, immediately abandon- Cato ahan- ed the Ifland upon the Arrival of Tollio, and leaving all the Ships "^'^ '''"'s^- behind him, fled to Tompey at Corcyra. When Cafar was in Spain, he difpatched Curio over to Africa with five Legions, and twelve Ships, againft Attilius Varus, and Juba, King o( Mauritania; who loon after coming to an Engage- Cmo beatm ment with them at the River Bagrada, not only lofl his own Life, '» Africa. but moft of his Men were cut in pieces. Cafar himfelf marching a- gainft Tetreius, the Inhabitants ot ^ MaJJllia were the only People qMarfeilles. who Ihut their Gates agaiufl him, having received 'Domitius into their Port, with feven light Frigates he had hired in Sicily and Sar- f/tff/tiof private Perfons, which he had manned with his own Slaves, and fuch Country Fellows as he could get. To him the Maffilians com- mitted the Defence of their City, and fending out their Gallies to cruize, they brought in all the Merchant Ships they could meet with, which they made ufe of againft the Enemy ; whereupon Ca- CxCir m- ySr advanced with three Legions, and encamping before the Place, 'f^'fJy'"^"'* raifed Towers, eredled Pentnoufes to cover his Men in carrying on ' the Approaches, and ordered twelve Gallies to be built at i Arelate, ' Arks. which were completely finifhed, rigged, and fit for Scrvcc within thirty Days after the Timber was cut down ; and having brought them before the Place, he gave the Command of them to Brutus, leaving Trebonius to carry on the Siege by Land. The MaJJilians, by Advice of 'Domitius, fitted out feventeen large Gallies, befides a great Number of Barks, defigning by fuch a numerous Appearance to ftrike a Tcrrour among the Romans under Brutus. Tney manned them with Archers, and the People of the Mountains about MaJJi- lia, whom they had called in to their Afliftancc, and having cncou- 5 raged 1 58 Natal TranfaBiom before the Book II. B Chj A Wnlitl bi- '.iin; thus hemming in IJolahcllay as well as Anthony ^ the latter i ii i''i,>i,r!in caiilcd Icvcral Floas to be made, compoicd of Timbers laid a-crols -"J^twUnuv. (mail floats which were chained together, and was in hopes that the Niimhcrs of Men he propolcd to put upon each Hoat niiaht deter the Enemy from attacking them. Lii>Oy on the other hand, by Ad- vice of fomc of the old Cilician Pirates, ordered Cables to be laid under Water from his Ships, a crols the Place where the Enemy's Fioars muft neccfTarily pal's, which were fiftcned to the oppofitc Rocks. Two of the KLats he liiffcrcd to pals unmolcdcd, but when the third came, on which were fix or leven hundred Soldiers of ' Opircrji^hm, it was, by means of theic Cables, forced alhorc to a ' o.icr/.<> m Place covered with his own Troops. The Opitergians luftain'd the 'yVaMa'"* joint Fiirorts of the Enemy's whole Land and Sca-Forcc for lomc " rime, hut at length finding no means to elcapc from Inch unequal Numbers, Vulterius^ who commanded, worked them up to a Re- Vui n\n- !,■ lolution of diipatching thcmlclvcs, which they (following the Ex- '"^ ""y"""' ample of Vultcrius fiimlclf) delperatcly performed, by falling on 'lun'Ju each othcis Swords. ihtmidvcs. Cdfar returning to Romcy after the Rcdudlion of Spahi , he , by his own Power, affumcd the Conliilfliip, and having joined < >r.ir^///„«„ to \imk\iT. Servilius \\\ the Execution of that Office, he pro- '^^ ^"'>"' cccdcd firfl: to Brmdujiiim, then to Epirus^ and from thence ad- vanced ta Tharfnlia in Macedonia, ^ompcy having had a Year's Time to provide for his Defence, had gotten together from AJia, the Iflands Cyclades, Athens^ Corcyra^ and y1''}!,ypt, a Fleet of fix hundred Sail, with lome of which he Iccurcd the Sea- Ports, ami or- dered the reft to cruifc about the Ionian and the Mouth of the A (trial ick, to prevent Cafar's pafTing over to Macedonia. He ap pointed Z./f//«/ to commaud the Ships of the Provincial yiryv/ ; to I'-.vLumM- gallantly, T)o- ey ;ill advanced : ' Iflands which n, both in Niim- en Troops, and for this Service uiifainecrs, who :lves with great s, in hopes of ind nimble, clu- lies, and, Iprcai (I to cncompals |Hcd, in palling had neither ex- V Sc.imen, and ifidcs, their Gaj. n Italic oi green rlic Goodiie s of I he making tim irs to conic to ig well pioviilcd capons, together qucnrly attack'd vith thole Inftru- their own with mong the Moun- line (jallics,with lie utmoft Preci- ever, did not di- lullain'd all the ic after ventured unto by the Ar- Hrutus having rength, the two ^wu and Rorm reatcr Fury than held the Vitao. ing two of their his Flag in, ac- : Violence of the e Line, whereas might have pro- i balcly delcrtcd, ly whom five of reed to retire in bmc time, and endcr. reducing Sfih )ad it in charec the firft in the Ifland hl^ Triarius's Care he committed thole of Syria, to Ca/Jws the R/jo- "'',|';')"i" dian, to Marcellus and young Tompey rlic Liburnian, and ro Tti- ///^i'" bonius znd Off avius Libo thole of /Ichaia. The Ni;;ht after O- far had landed in Epirus, he lent back his Ships to lirundujium, thirty of which fell into the Hands of Hihulusy who commanded i\\ """" "/ f''' , Chief foT Tompcy in the Ionian Sea, by whom they were let on ,«!„',/ ,'f/';l''/'i fire, and all the Men on board them burnt. "/ rmni'.y. After Topipey'i Defeat in the Battel of Tharfa/ia, (from whence he clcapcd to Cyprus., and thence to /P.q^ypt, where he was flain) Z!.A>r, after along .".nd doubtful Fight, to make himfcif Malkr of the Ifl.uid 'Pharos (where was the celebrated Watch-Tower of that Name) lying before the Harbour, and to let fire to thole Veflcls, which Si- tiucion made him Maftrr by vSea ; but he was dole Ihut up by l.aiid, and the People of the Town were generally againft bin). 'Phot inns being (bon after flain, G'>«f/«rrilid to affift him, who, before the Arrival of cither, nad beat- en Ibme of 'Ptolemy's Troops. Cafar allb defeated others before lie could join Mithridates, and having alTaultcd and taken a (mall Fort which was between him and 'Ptolemy, he the next Day, at- tacked, and forced his Camp, when the King endeavouring to lave tmiilclf by Water, was drowned. Hereupon he returned to Alex- mliia, which immediately liibmitting to him, together with the icll of the Kingdom, he cftablilhcd Cleopatra therein. Y Whdc •ttiaik'it m /\l('Xill|l|ll4 h (i.myiiiP- (lO. Kuliiceilidl'x- Iritnilin hy Ci,iiiyinc(lc^'. Cxhx 4/- /4, but ii Jutciji- fnU. Ut again it mi I he A'.- KyitMi8 4( !>ca. i'.xUr fttvit himftlfiy fivimmmg. Mitliridates of I'crgitinii!! riim«i to affiji ■' K;n« Ptole n my ilrDWn;!, : ' ^1, •III,! /lijtypt t>ii luhmiii i» ik'^ C.cfir. 11 ■^ In IHI i mI l|i!;M 162 Naval Tra/ifatlionslef ore the Book II. ^H d rangts tiver ikt Adtiatick to aid Cotni- »OIdRagura, Ai. otiavim While thcic things were tranfading in Ji^ypt^ M O&avius, one of Tompcys Commanders at Sea, ranged over the ^driatick with a coiifi.lcrablc Fleet, and having taken Icvcnl Places in Illyri' cum, was not without Hopes utterly to have diivcn our Cornificius, who commanded in that Province for Cafar ; but by the Vigilance of that Officer, and the Bravery oiVatinius, his Dcfigns were fru- ftrared. Cornificius having Ic;.: Vatinius Advice of the Pofturc of Affairs, and that the Enemy had not only made a League with the Barbarians of the Country, but attacked Icveral of his Garrilons, both maritime and inland, he relblvcd, notwithftanding the Rigour of the Scalbn, and his Indilpofition, for he lay ill at Brundufium, to repair to his Relief, and tho' hchad nor any thing in readincls for fuch an Expedition, his Valour and Induftry lurmountcd all Difficulties. He wrote to Kalenus in Achate immediately to lend over to him the Ships he had there, but they not arriving with that Expedition fo prefung an Occafion required, he got together all the Bir!. 1 54 Naval TranfaBions lefore the Book II. 0(fhvius arms hitiifAf a^ai>iJISl.t\n- tliony. ^n Alfocia- titn Itnvtcn Oftavius, Anthony and Lepidus. Sextus Pom- pey lakes Si- cily, and beats Cicfar'j Fleet. Obtains the fole charge of Jia val Af- fairs, reducesSicWy, anil beats OftaviusV Fleet. Anthony jtiids for ()- Otavius to Btundulium. G H A P. XVII. Of the Naval Wars of the Romans y^ow the Death ofju- iius Cicfar to the Battel of Adtium, and the FflaliiJJj. mem of the Empire by Auguftus. OCtavius, Nephew of this great Man, being by the laft Will of his Uncle adopted into the Juliau Family, and made his Heir, he, byAurhorityot the Senate, inConjundiouwiththc Confuls///>- tius and Tati/a, railed an Army againfl Marc yinthottyy who, un. der Pretence of revenging the Death of de/ar, cxercif'ed all man- ner of Tyranny, and hacfno other Dcfign but to Iccure the Govern- ment of Affairs to himlclf In the firll Engagement they had, Hir- tius was killed, and 'Panfa dying loon after, the Ibic Command of the Army came into the Hands of O^aviusy who being now iicg- ledted by the Senate, clofed with Anthony^ and entering into a Trea- ty with him and Lefidus^ formed that Aflbciatioa called the Iccond Triumvirate. 06iav'tus\ firft Care now was to caufe ail thofe who had been con- cerned in the Death of his Uncle to be proclaimed Enemies to the State, and marching againft Brutus and CaJJlus^ defeated them at 'Philippic and put to Death icveral noble Romans of both Sexes by Profcripiion, but Sextus Tompeyy after the Death of his Brother in Sfahiy made a Jhift to clcape thence, and being ncglcdted by Julm Cafar, as not worthy of his Notice, for Ibmc time cxercifcd Piracy in an obfcure manner ; till at length gathering together the fcattered Remains of his broken Troops, and arming a great Number of Slaves, he pofleflfed himlclf of Sicily and Sardinia^ became very formida- ble, and routed the Fleet Ca/ar lent againfl: him under Carina, whom he put to Flight, as he did afterwards AJinius Tollio, who was cm- ployed on the lame Service. Being upon the AflalTination of Cf- far^ recalled from Banillimcnr, he retired to MaJJiliuy and there for Ibmc time waited the Event of the War that was begun between Anthony and Brutus : But when the Senate gave the Provinces of Macedonia and Syria to Brutus and Caffiusy and decreed War a- gainll TiolabeUay Vompey was, by their Authority, comminioncd to command the F* and the Sea Coafts, and to have the whole Adminiftration of then Waval Affairs. Hereupon affcmbling his old Fleet from Sfaiuy and the Parts adjacent, and having confiderably increalcd it with a Number of new Ships, he ravaged the Seas for fome time, and then repaired to Meffanay which, together with all the reft of Sicily, he reduccu . a his Obedience, defeating Salvidii- WIS, Admiral of OElavius C^fijar's Fleet, in an Engagement between Rhegium and Sicily. Whilft Sahidienus was refitting h'3 fliatter'd Gallics, OStavius, who was then buly about Rhegium in raifing Troops, and making all Preparations for War, received an Exprels from Anthony vc come to him at Brundufium : la the Neighbourhood of which Place Sta- tius Book II. fl Chap. XVII. Diffolntjon ofthc Rom. Empire. 1 6 5 rhcIaftWillof made his Heir, e Confuls ///r- /y, who, un. cilcd nil man- re the Govern- :hcy had, Hir- : Command of cing now ncg- ng into a Trea- dled the iccond J had been con- Enemies to the feared them at F both Sexes by f his Brother in pded by Julius xcrcifcd Piracy :r the fcattercd mbcr of Slaves, very fbrmida- Carina, whom who was cm- imation of Cf- and there for legun between e Provinces of lecreed War a- coraraiflioncd avc the whole |mbling his old ig confiderably the Seas for ^ether with ail ting Salvidie- ;ment between |es, O^avitts, and making jitho/ty i*^ '^orae tch Place Sta- tins tins Murcus^ of the Fadliou of i5r«r«j and Caffius, had been with a flrnni' Squadron, for iotnc time, to prevent the Tranl'portation of the Army to Macedonia. Alurctts, upon Advice of 0^/aviiis's Ap- iiroach, retired from before Brundu/iumy yet kept hovering at a di- llancc to obl^rvc the Enemy's Motions: But notwithllanding all his Prcciutions, Oitavius and Anthony tranlportcd all their Troops in Safity to Macedonia. Soon after 'Domitius AinobarL-us joined i'""'';"!* -li- Murcus with a confiderablc Squadron, lb that their united Fleet "■';';' Vi'uir.i, coiifillcd of a hundred and thirty Sail, with which they Icourcd the wni, a .■;;,.i- loui'i'i and /Idiiatick Seas, and le'. nothing elcapc their Hands, •'''""■ TomPey at the lame time doing the like through the reft ofthc Me- dircrraiiean. While the two Armies were marching and counter- marching in Macedonia (where after the Battel at T' 'fppi Brutus ami Caffius fell by their own Hands) a Fleet of '^ ports, going with two Let^ions to Otiavius, under Convoy ol . icw Gallics, fell Mmm.. <,»...y in with Mnrcus and j'Enoburbus, who took ibme, burnt others, ^'•"'': •"''"' dilpcrfcd Icveraj, and forced the reft afliore, where they bcficged 'vlVil),^).^' them for five Days, when the Troops having (pent all their Provi- a^""- fions, they dclperately forced their way and eicaped. Cleopatra, in her Condudt with Reipcdl to the contending Par- ries, endcavour'd to trim between both; for tho' Ihe had afufted 1)o- laklla, yet Serapion, her Lieutenant in Cyprus, fought lor CaJJius ; and after the Defeat of him and Brutus, fhc fearing the Refentments '^;'^"P''f» ■'•- of the Conquerors, rclblved in Pcrlbn to meet Anthony, and, con- /rAmh'unyf icious of her own Charms, try how efficacious her Wit and Beauty would be in her Caufe, he having fummoned her to render an Ac- count of her Behaviour. Crofting the Mediterranean to Ciltcia, where Anthony then was, Ihe came up the River Cydnus in a Vel- fcl, the Stern whereof was of Gold, the Sails of purple Silk, and the Oars of Silver, which gently kept Time to the Sound of fofc Mufick. She placed her Iclf under a rich Canopy of Cloth of Gold, habited like Venus rifing out of the Sea, with beautiful Boys about her, like Cupids, fanning her; and her Women, reprcfcnting the Nereids and Graces, leaned negligently on the Sides and Shrowds ofthcVcfTcl, while Troops of Virgins, richly dreft, marched on the Banks of the River, burning Incenic and rich Perfumes, which were covered with an infinite Number of People, gazing on with Won- der and Admiration. The Queen's Succefs with Anthony was an- fwcrablc to her Expectations, for, tar from (hewing any Relcnt- mciirs, he from that Moment entertained a Pafllon for her which was Anthony the Source of all his future Misfortunes ; and abandoning himfelf en- {j)|'j ? ^'""^ tircly to Love he accompanied her to ^gypt, where, he (pent the Antilogy ^«; following Winter, difTolved in Luxury and Pleafure. There he re- /"'» -^Egypt ccivcd Letters that Fulvia his Wife, and his Brother Lucius, then '" '''"*"'*^"- Coiiliil, difagrecing with OBaviu: had been obliged to retire from Italy; and at the fame time News coming that the Tarthia*:s, at filled by Labienus, had made an Irruption into Syria, he began to roiiic Irom his Lethargy and advanced with his Legions to 'Bhceni^ cm. Proceeding thence, he, on the Coaft oi Ionia, received Intel- Igcncc that his Brother Lucius, having feized and fbttified Terujfay had I ». if :l.' -! lie ciiiiti lit Alliens, tinil ihtrt inieti I'otn pry '» (■;/■- ftr of an .It- 1 6 6 Naval Tranf anions before the Book II. had afterwards litrrcndcrcd that Place to Oiiavtus^ and hccii recon- ciled to him again ; and coming loon after to Athens^ he was met tlicre hy his Mother ,7«//<», with Ibmc Galhcs which 'PomPey had ndilkd licr with in her Dlcape Uom Italy \ who al(o brought 'Po^j. pry\ Oilers ot an Alliance with him, it he intended to break with (itfavhts. yhithouy returned '/-'oOT/'fy his Thanks, letting him know lie Ihouid gladly accept of his Propolal in cafe of a IJrcach, and that if tlicy acconunodatcd Matters, he might be included in the Treaty. While ()Hnr'tiis am] A/ithctiy were making new I.cvie«, and pre- paring lor U'ai, News came that Fnlvia, Anthotiy\ Wife, was dc- ccalal at Sicyoti ; which proved of no Imali Coulcqucncc towatds rxtinguifhing the Flames of War which were juft breaking out, the Iiicnds of both thclc great Men never ceafnig in their Sollicitations till they hnd brought tlicm to lay down their Arms, and be recon- ciled to each other by means of a Match between Anthony and OUn- via, the Siller of Cfttiu\ and to procure a favourable PaHagc lor ' PoTiuolo. the Flccr» when wcighiiij,^ Anchor from ' 'Puteo/i, he lailcd toward Oi^Miiis foil Sicilyy which Iflaiid was at the lame time to be attacked by Lefi- d;,i(»// Sicily, dus trotw yffftca, with eighty Gallics, a thoulimd Ships of Burthen, and twelve Legions, and by Taurus from TarentutH with the two hundred and thirty Sail which yinthony had lent. For the Recepti- on of LepidttSy "Fompey Icit 'IHinhts with a good Force at Lihbtf. tttn, and placinii; flrong Garrilbns in all the Sea Port Towns tlicrc- abouts, afTcmbied the bcft part of his Fleet ac Mcjfana. Taum^ In his Paffage from Tarctitttm to join Otlaviusy was forced back by bad Weather, with the Wind at South ; and Lepidus failing with the fame Wind Uom ylf'nck \'ox Lilybteum^ loft icvcral of his Ships; fo that in this Storm O^avius had two and thirty large Gallics, with Ibme Libnrnian Friizates, llink or Iplit againft the Rocks. This un- lucky Accident made him once reiolve to defer the Proiecution of his Dcftgn till next Year, but the Clamours of the People for want of Corn obliged him to let about refitting his Ships, and go on with the Invafion. Menodorusy thinking he was not enough regarded, being only Lieutenant to Culxifiusy and having procured an Aflu- ranee of a favourable Reception from Tompey^ now dclcrted Oili- vius with the lame Levity as he had before joined him, and going over with (even Gallics, burnt or funk a confiderablc Number of Oifavius's Ships, which lay under the ■' Promontory 'P^//««rw, Upon Advice that all the Shore of Sici/y between * Tytidaris and ' My la was covered with 'Pompey\ Fleet and Troops , OElav'm^ concluding 'Potnpcy was therein Perlbn, ordered ^r/^/>emocharcSy and they prelently joined Battel with great Cou- rage and Rclblution ; but ^Pompey'% Ships were by much the light- eft and nimbleft, and his Men by lotig Service the more experienced Sailors, Agrippa^ being of a much ftronger Built, and conrequently the moft fcrviceable in a dole Fight, ib that Icveral of *Pomft^i were funk at their fides ; and Agrippa having greatly the Advantage, the others made a Signal to retreat : However, the ViAor did oot think fit to chafe, but returned to StrongyUy content with the Da- mage he had already done them, having funk or taken thirty of their Ships. About this time O^avius failed from ^ Leucopetray with '-he Fleet under Taurus^ and his Land Forces, and came before ' TauromHit, where being refufed Entrance, he paffed on to the Mouth of the River Onobokf and landing his Troops, formed a Camp. Trnfef coming thither with unexpeded Celerity, Offavius left three Legi- ons, five hundred Fiorfe, a thoufand light-armed Soldiers, and two thouland Auxiliaries under the Command of Cornificius ^ and went himfelf on board the Fleet to fight the Eaemy. The Right Wiog i M Kfenodoruj iiiirts Ofta- vius, and goit ID PoiTipey. << Cipodi Pa linuro. <■ Tiiidaro. I Milaiio. A Battil at Sea Ottu'ien Pompey and Agrippa. Sivtral •/ Pompey'i Ship! taken and funk. •> Capo deir Armi. ' Taormina. Iier.vien Tm- iliiii an i Chap. XVII. DiffolNtiOfi of the Rom.Ewpire. 169 he coiiimitrcd to Titmius, the Left to Corcinus j and lailing about "f '*'^'; *^'" the Fleet in a Yaclir, he exhorted the Officers to do rhcir Diitv, 1'",,;',','^;* ' when noing on board his own Ship, he ordered the Hay to be (Iruck, thar |i) the Kiicmy might not know where he was. In this Battel he received i total DcH-ar, and, with difficulty, made his KIcapc, witli only one Servant : Mean while 'Papias^ one oi'Po)npcy<, Ijcu- tcnants, falling in wirh luinc Tianlports, which were hringini; lioni Jfrirk a Rciiitbrccmcnt of four Legions for LepidttSt he (iiuk or /,,„ .a,„,j, took the gre.rcft Number, with rhc Troops on boanl ; and thole »«; ii"'> uhuh cLa|icvl him Icll into the Hands oiTtJicnus (Julius, ow^: of ''.|°/,^'i,I,,'^" 'Fotnpn'i Govcrnours of the Sea-Coalls. O^avius, re-adembling Ills Icattcrcd Korccs, joincil Lepidus, and both advanced to bcficgc Mi'ifaiia; bit L'p'ulits being not well affedtcd to him, for that he was rather treated as a Lieutenant than his Partner in the Triumvi- rate, made an underhand Treaty with 'Pompcy. It was nor a pro- fiPidm icrtiinc for (Ijejur to take notice of this, wherefore he diiremblcd ^"/Zlur^hlv'i lis Rclcnrmcnts, not bur that ho had Spies who narrowly watched in/ii'omp'cy. his Condudb, thar In he might not attempt any thing againft him : AnJ, in order to his getting the fooner rid of lb precarious and de- ccittul an Ally, he willingly accepted of 'Powj>eys Offer of another Ratrcl at Sea. OiV^ Naitlochin both the Fleers were drawn up, con- '' C iNuuf.). fiiliiii^ each of them of ahour tin hundred Sail ; and in this Adi- on the Courage and good Condudt oi Agrippa were very conlpicuous, .McUiiu. who, by help of the Turrets whicb he caulcd to be tre Pompey m nour, C. ains, and at laft an ignominious Death: Providence, by a '"""^'''"^, remarkable Oifpcnfation , making the three different Parts of the ^y Antho'ny.' then known V7orld the Scene of the laft Moments of the three fa- Z mous 1 ■ M ] (I' f ''^' \\: i « •U " ! Oiflaviiis rc- Jucei Lcpi- (lus. ihe Rtofons will) Amhu- ny. 1 70 Naval Tranf anions leforc the Book II. mous Tompcyi ; the Father being (lain in Africk^ the youngeft Son in Europe, and this at Miletus in Afia. The fame V car Cajar carac to an open Rupture with Lepidusy who aimed at keeping Sicily jo his own Hands ; but his Troops delcrting him, he was loon redu- ced to Obedience; however Cafar pardoned him, and fufTered him to live a private Life at Rome with the Office of Tontifex Maximus. Oclavius had now got rid of one Competitor for the (uprcnic Power, and, being defirous to have it all in his own Hands, An- thony was next to be liibducd, whole Condiidt, indeed, was of late very unworthy of his Character, and furnilhcd Oliavius with very jcrifonable Pretences tor a War ; tor, bcfides the Injuries done to his Siller by Anthony's, Diiicgard to her, and giving himltlf up to the Love of Cleopatra^ his Crimes of a pul lick Nature were, that he declared that Princcls Queen oi Aigypty Lybia, Cyprus, and the Jowr Syria, atTociating with her Cajario, the Son the had by 7«- lius Ca/ar; and as to the Children he had by her himfelf, he cM\\>viiis /" icapc ; and obierving that Qetawus his Ships and Men had liiflfewd "'""* ^"""" very mucli by the late badWeacbcr', which had happened m he more violent in the Gulph chan< in< the Road, he prevailed with Itittf to clmnge hiSi Defign, andutimuidiatd^ anrack rivcttii-, fo that htft" iog dircdh:d ibme of his principal OfncOrs tti> g6 aboiu; tb« Fle^t i-ti Pinnaces, and not only givo rht ueccirary OrdtrS W tlwlc- wh» bought the Ships,, but advile him^ fVota time to time o^*. rhr (<60utuld no longer rerror, cauted >afling through no Iboner faw de for /Egypt, ifence, he im- :h only two of : Thus, aban- ing the Part of 1 the Office of his ccald not led for feveral eDay, had he " Courage and Matter "of the n among the >rd ; but find- It length gave lurled flaming ig Coals, into Combuftiblcs, now (6 much Work Work on their Hands, fome in endeavouring to cxtinguilh the Flames, fortic in attempting to fccure the valuable Effeds, ahd others to rcpulfc the Enemy, that O&avius's People made a very great Slaughter. Some, noon their being attacked in this Diftraaion, leaped into the Sea, others were fmothered in the Smoak, and many were burnt alive, the Wind fpreading the Fire with great Violence. OEiavitis at laft obtained the Vidory, and finding no more Refiflance, gave order for extinguilbing the Flames, from which three hundred Ships were refcuccl, and with them, and the refl: of his Fleer, he intended to purfuc Anthony and Cleopatra, but found they were gone too far for him ro come up with ihcm. The Army which Anthony left afhore having been fe- Anthony"* vcn Days without receiving any Advices from him, at length fur- ^'■'"y /«'•''<"- rendered themlelves ; and the fame Day that OSiavius made him- viu'." felf Matter of the Ships, he conf'ecrared to Af olio (who had a ce- a.m. 3919, Icbrated Temple 2X.A£i'mmJ a Gaily of each rate from three Tire of ''^^ '^'"'•^' Oars to ten ; cauflng not long after to be built a City on the op- pofite fide of the Gulph, which he called "^ Nlcopolis^ as an eternal " ^»«' P'e- Monument of fo fignal a Vidtory. ^"'* Jgripfa was fhortly after fent back to Italy with a Body of Troops, to prevent any Commotions which might happen there, Oltavins himfelf repairing to Athens, and from thence to Samos ; mean while Anthony parted with Cleopatra ofT the » Promontory " capt Mtta- Tattarium, whom he advifed to proceed to Mgypt, there to ap- ?*"• peafe any Difordcrs which might arife upon the News of this De- feat; and he following her foon after, was informed that his Troops Anthony /»/- in Lyh'ta had revolted, and that his Army in Syria was ready to do '°^' ^^gyp't the like. Arriving at Alexandria, he found Cleopatra attempting a ftupendous Piece of Work , which was the carrying her Gallies overland from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, that lb, if the Cleopatra at- Ncccllity of her Affairs fhould require it, Ihe might efcap;, with her ^TT/rcXi immenfe Riches, to fome Country in the Eafl, and avoid theDifho- byr.andttthe nour of fubmitting to 06lavius. But feveral of thefe Gallies, with ^"^ ^'*- the Carriages, being burnt by the People oi Arabia 'Pctraa, who united againfl her, The laid afide that Defign, and fet about fecuring her Ports and Harbours toward the Mediterranean, refolving to con- quer, or die in her own Dominions. OBaviiis was by this time arrived in JEgypt, where Cornelius Cal- lus had feized Taratonium for him ; and Anthony, with his Troops, and a confiderable Number of Ships, relblving to diflodge them, came before the Place. Callus made a fuccefsful Sally, wherein the Anthony Bcfiegers received Ibrae Lofs both in their Army and Fleet, and then p*,re'tonhim. bethought himfelf of this Stratagem : He, in the Mouth of the Pore .oiTaratoniunty caufcd Chains to be laid in the Night under Wa- ter, and the nsxt Day kept no Guards about the Harbour, as if he had feared nothing from the Enemy on that fide, who thereupon turauituoufly entered the Port with their Ships ; which they had no fooner done, but by certain Engines the Chains were bawled up^ and their Retreat cut off; and Callus at th« fame time afl^ailing them from all Parts, burnt or funk much the gtcateft Number of them. «« ships f The ''"' "'■/'"'*• [■H i' ■'" r DAmiata. Anthony tiikts Pharos, arc. but kill them fdvts ■m^ ^ — — ^ — '^^-.^ -« 174 Naval Tranfadions hfore the Boomll The uext Day jinthouy receiving Advice that O^iwiius had made hindelf Maftfcr oi^'Petufium, he raited the Siege, and with the Re- mains of his Fleet advanced to Alexandria^ where he hoped ro make an ealy Conqueft of OBaviw's Troops, fince they were fa. tigued and Ipcnt with a long Voyage at Sea. He prelently, by means of his Fleet, polTefTed himfelf of the Ifland Tharos^ and enga- ging with the Enemy aihore, put them to Flight, with which iittk i; btaien, and Succcfs bciog cncouragcd, he again gave the Enemy Battel, but his his ri,ct\oei Troops being defeatecC and his Fleet going over to OliavitUy he^ ovir to oaa- jQ thi3 delpcratc Pofture of Affairs, ibon after ftabbed himfelf ; aud Anthony and h«s Death was prcfcntly followed by that of Cleopatra^ who to a- Cleopatra, yoid thc Shame of making Part of O&avius's Triumph, poifoncd her fclf, as hath been generally believed, by the Application of Afp to her Arms. Oliavius having reduced Mgypt into the Form of a Province, appointed GaUus to govern it, aud making a Progrefs through Syna^ and the Lefer Afia^ returned to Rome^ where he was received with an univerfal Joy and Satisfadion, as a Perlbn who had put an End to the Mifcries and Calamities which badfo longicigoed in the grcateft Part of the World. He triumphed three Days for /A /yr/r»w, for thc Battel oi A^itim^ and the Conqueft of /Egjft, with extraordinary Splendor and Magnificence ; after which he made a Difpofition of his Naval Forces in the moft convenient Places of the Empire, in the manner we have related in the firft Book, diat they might be ready upon any Emergency. Chap. XVIII. Of the Naval Wars of the Romans, from the EJlahliflf ment of the Empire by Auguftus to the DiJp>lfetion ther^ of by the Irruptions of the barbarous Nations. TH E Roman Empire being thus fettled by OKlaviusy (whff now afTumed the Name oi Augufiusy) its Dominions brought aimofl: to their utmoft Extent, and the whole eftabiiflied in Peace; there happened from this Time tiU the Days of Conjiantine the Great, very few Naval Wars, fo that the maritime Aflaiss of dvee Centuries will come within a narrow Compafs. Not that it is to be fuppofedthac dbe World was in Peace all this while; for&arceiai' ny Period of Time have there be^o more violent Wars, but their fu- ry raged mofljiy in ioland Countries. There it was that Varus aad his Legions were cut co pieces by the Germam, There it was that 'Drufus UWy, aicer having flaia iufiuite Multitudes of tho^ People: And thither it w^chat Tiberius was lent aine times by Augujlus to hartafs .-'tkI fuhdue the then barbarous lolMbitants of Germany. Xhels Wars were foUowedby thofe with the GettCy beyond thc'^er, and the •5W'Mi4ri,.oa the other fide of the Viftula, and the *> Bor_yfihmt: 1 til! Little mari- time Affairs till Conllan- tine theGrtat. rear cf the World 394 r. Bffori Chrift, 7. a Danube, t" Nieper. Ch AP.X VIIl Diffolution of the Rom£mpire. 1 7 5 till at length the Goths of fevcral Denominations, the .^/asj, Hunns, Vandals, Francs^ Saxons^ and other immcnfe Swarms of Barbari- ans, without Number or Name, broke iu upon the Empire, Ibme of them pafling over the 'Danube into Greece and Italyy fomc over i\ie Rhine into Gaul and Sfain^ and others eroding the Ocean in- to Britain. All this while there leemed to be a general Tranquil- lity at Sea, by the few Accounts we have of Tranfadtions there, and that they made no other Ulb of Shipping than for Trade, or the bare Tranfportation of Forces. The firft Naval Occurrence we meet with after Attgujius is in the time of his Succeflbr Tiberius, when Germanicits took the ' Ifland ' Provhici jf of the Batavi, liibdued the Sicambriy and defeated the "* BruSleri !!';"*',"'■ in a Sea Fight at the Mouth of the River "Amijius, The Fleet he an'/lunwcn" madcufe of in this Expedition confifted of a thoufand Sail, which ' ''i'''''^ he caufcd to be built on purpole of a peculiar Srrudture, for they were ^>,/^ '^* between Ships of War and thofe of Burthen, being not io long chnft, i8. as the firft, and longer than the latter, bellying out in the Wafte for ^ermaniciu the greater Convenience of Stowage ; and they were yet more par- BnuUr'l't ticuhrly remarkable for having no Poop, one End being equally fliarp '""• and pointed with the other, with a Rudder at both, the Reafbn of which Singularity was bccaufe of the many Turnings and Windings of the Chancis in thofe Parts, and the extreme Difficulty of Na- vigation. After the Defeat of the Enemy, he, failing into the O- ^'^cai of the cean,, loft the grcatcft Pare of his Fleet in a Storm, icveral of them Smrnl being fwallowed up in Whirlpools, and others driven away to the / fl in bad ^Orcades Iflands. Some Ships were fent, when the Tempeft was f^'.}"'- ,. appealed, in queft of thofe that were dilperfcd, and after they were ' '^^I'fl"- re-alTembled, the People on board related the moft dreadful Stories of ftrange Kinds of Birds, frightful Sea Monftcrs, Men of unuliial Form, aud other fuch Fancies which their Fear fuggcfted to them. During the Reigns of Caligula, Claudius^ Nero, and Galba, there happened little remarkable at Sea, the latter of whom was fuccecd- cd by Otho, and he by Vitellius ; but between Otho^s and VitelU- ^ ^'ntounu' us% Forces there was a Naval Rencounter in the Month of the ^ Tadus, "' ^" '" with irus tiueen the and Otho with the ftationary Fleet at Mifenum pofTcfled himlelf ^^^pjo/otho oi^ Gallia Narbonenjis. About this time Iprung up an Impoftor, ^"/Viteiims. who pretending to be the Emperor Nero, made fome Difturbance, h Languedoc but his mock Reign was of a very fhort Date ; for Calpurnius Af- ""'^ Pf°- I frenas being then Governor of Galatia and Tamfbylia, he, among ^'"'^*^" the Iflands of the jEgean, hearing ibme of his Lieutenants had been follicited by this Nero to a Revolt, fent out a Imall Squadron of -^ counterfeit Ships, with which the Impoftor engaging, he loft his Life in the "° '"'"" come at icd. Conf]i(2, not but that he defended himielf with greater Bravery than wasl'uicable to the Chara^er of the Emperor he perfbnated. Upon the News of Otho's Death, (who flew bimfelf after the Ovei throw of his Forces by ViteUius,^ Vejpafian, being then in ^«'p»''»"> »» "Jiidaa with a great Army, aljiired to tne Empire, and fent Mucia- o'ho "I/>/°{f 11US before him to carry on that DeHgn, who afl^embling a fmall to the Empire. Fleet in the Euxiue, repaired to Bjizautium, and there increafmg them, made the beft of his Way for Italyt where he feizcd Brun- dujiunt 5, li \V\ 1 l«l^ m4 iS i']6 Naval Tranf anions before the Book II. dnfium and ' Tarentum, and made himfelf Mafter of' Calabria \xA ' Lucan'ta. Thr oppofitc Party were unable to make any Rcfiftaacc at Sea, the Fleet at Mlfcnum havinp; but one Legion aboard ; and that at Ravennay wavering in its Fidelity to VitelliuSy did not acl at all in his behalf: But while Mticianw with the Fleet oCPoiitus, now without a Guard, was thus fucccfsful in Ifa/j^ a War broke out in that Kingdom under the Condud oi Jnicetusy who took up Arms for Vitelitus. He invented a new Kind of Ships Ibmething rcfcmbling the Dcfcription we have of Noah\ Ark, and having got together a confidcrable Number of VefTcls of that Built, fcizcd on •" TrapeztiSy and other Cities of AJia, and by his great SuccelTcs began to acquire a confiderablc Reputation. Vejpajtatiy upon Ad- vice of thcie Proceedings, difpatched Virbius Gem'tnus ^<^^\\\Ss.\m^ an able and experienced Officer, who, when he let out on this Service had not lb much as one Ship with him, but with great Dil f)atch caufcd Timber to be cut down, and built a Fleer, with which ic, in the very firft Rencounter, forced An'tcetus to betake himlelf to Land, and letting fire to his Ships, foon after conftrained him to lurrendcr, and put him to Death. In another Part of the VVotld the Batavi took the Part of Ve/pajiatiy who, under the ConduCl of CiviUs and Cantiefas., their GcneraLs lurprized V"tteUius\ Fleet of twenty four Sail in the Mouth of t\it Rhine \ loon after which Lucilius Baffusy Admiral of the Fleet at Ravenna^ declared for Vefpajian : And Fabius Valcns, an Oflicer of Vitcllius'% bcin" drove by bad Weather from before Tifa to the Port of " Herculis Mottacusy and thence to the ° i (lands Stachades, Valerius Taiili- fius, who commanded in thole Parts for Vefpafiatiy lent lone light Frigates a^ainft him, which defeated and took him Prifoncr, whereupon all lubmitted to the Conquerour, the Fleet at Mifaim revolted, and Spain^ Gaiil^ and Germany declared for him: Which was foon followed by the Murder of Vitellius. Alter a long Series of liicceeding Emperor?, during whofe Tim: we meet with nothing remarkable at Sea , Gallienus came to the Imperial Purple, who commiflioned Cleodamus and Athenatis, two Citizens of jByzantiuniy to infped the Condition of the maritime Towns, and rebuild liich as were gone to decay : And in his Time the Scythiansy crolfing the Euxine^ entered the Mouth of the p// ter, and committing terrible Devaftations in the Roman Provinces on that fide, Venertanus, Admiral of Gallienus'% Fleet lying at5j zantiumy engaged them, and gave them a fienal Defeat ; notwith- Handing which, thefe Scythians (united and intermixed wi:h the Gothsy lb much celebrated in after Times) in a (hort time repair- ed their Lois, and with immenfe Multitudes, and a Fleet of two thou land Sail, renewed the War. Off •• MarcianopolU in Moejia, the Emperor Claudius^ who fuccccded Gallienus, came to an Engage- ment with them, who, by his extraordinary Valour and ConM overthrew thole barbarous Nations, and made an incredible Slauijhtct of them, killing and making Prifoners three hundred thoufanJ Men, nor took he lefs than two thouland Ships ; {o that whole Houfes were filled with their Targets, Shields, Swords, Lances, and other Hi- bilifficiiti ■ T.iianto. kTarcd'O tranto. i Bililicite. Ai.icetus will annid f.r Vi;dliu>; invtnii a new fort of .y/jipt. "I Trcbi- zoiidc. VirSiiis Ce- niimis biiiUi a fleti f.jr ViM'f)4li.ii), and burns A- nicctusj Shijis. tA< Batavi, ;« uiU of Vef- pali.in I'ur- friie Vitolli- iis'j Fliet. » Monaco. •^ ijltsofHy- eas. AH fubmtt 10 Verpalian, A D. irtD. flhe D.inu'oe. G.illieiuis'i Admiral o- vircomei tin Fleet of the Scylliiaiis. 4 Simeuhere tiiiir \,'.\rna in Bu'.yatia upon the hiixine Sea. A. D. 167. CiauJius 0- (.ercomes the Scyiliuns, CI.iuls, i^c. at iea. Chap. X\'III. Diffolutwn of the Kom.Empire. 1 77 bilimcncs of War ; of all which the Emperor gave au Account in writing to ih". Senate. Claudius was lucceedcd by jiuretian; he by Tacitus, and Tacitus by 'Probus, which Prince having reduced all Germany 10 his Obedience, pknted a prodigious Multitude o( u, r.mperor *thc Francs (then inhabiting in and about that Circle of the Em- Probus piamt nirc now called Franconia) that he had taken Prilbners in the War, J'I^a.'fu" along the Coafts of the Euxitie Sea, with Defign to curb the Scy- xine, /» c»rb t/}ia>is by a People of rhe like Rudenefs and Ferocity with them- ''•'♦Scythians. icivcs: But it was followed by an Event very different from what he propoied. He was fuccceded by his Son Carusy and his Succeflbr, after Nu- merius and Carinns^ was Dioctejian, about which time happened a memorable Naval Event, whereby, if the greareft Courage, Dexte- rity and Difpatch had not been uled to prevent it, the Roman Em- pire had then gone near to have been rent in pieces by the formi- dable Power of Barbarians at Sea. There was one Caraufiis, a Native of the Country of the ^ Menapii^ who had acquired a fingu- '^hnAenann lar Reputation for his Courage and Bravery in feveral military Ex- '^ "'•""f- ploits, but Specially at Sea ; and the Cimbriy Saxons, and other raaririmc People of Germany y very much infefting the Britifii Seas at this time, Caraufius was thought confiderablc enough to have cinufius ap- commitred to him the Defence of the Provinces againft thefe Barba- /-'»"•' '" rians : Which Power he employed only to ferve his own Intereft JX^/,?/rJw and Profit, with little or no Detriment to the Enemy. For thele i>imts. Pirates ravaging the Coafts as cruelly as ever, he took no Catc to attack them but at a time when he knew they were very richly laden with Booty ; when, ufing them like Sponges, he feized their Wealth, and fet them at liberty, never executing any of them, nor reftoring the EfTcdts to their Owners, nor laying them apart for the publick Treafury, but applied all to his own Ufe. I^ioclejlan, upon No- Diodcfiati ticc of this Behaviour of his, gave Orders to Conftantius and Max- f^^", o/'u- imtn to cut him offj the readicft Way to do which Maximin thought rauiius. was by the Hands of a Ruffian, and therefore employed one for that Purpofe. Caraujius, finding what was in Agitation againft him, began to think his only Security lay in his Boldbefs, and therefore fuice he might no longer have the Command of the Britijh Fleet, (as that under his Diredion was called) he relblved to fet up for the Caraudus Dominion, not only of the Province of Britain, but of the World ''mpTlrDig- it lelf, and try his Chance for the Empire. This he did with fucli a ""y- full Conlent of his Army, which was very confiderablc, that never ^ ^" *^^* was the Imperial Purple aftumed with greater Applaufe of the Sol- diery ; for in thefe Days every little Army thought thcmfelvcs in- verted with a Power of difpofing of rhe Empire. To fupport thefe Pretenfions, he, befides the whole Roman Fleet in the Ocean, which he had under his Command by virtue of his Office, caufed a prodigious Number of Ships of the like Force buIUs a tnat to be built, afTembling People from all Parts for the carrying on of ^'**'' this Armament ; and this he did with the more Confidence, for that having perfectly I'ecured the Roman Fleet in his Intereft, he knew CouJiantiHs and Maximin muft be at the Difadvaatage of building A a one, I i\j^ n "111 ,:?. «:ltih' :l;.ii. w 1 78 Naval TranfaEtions before the Book II. Miximin/r. f,vts a rteei agamjl him. ' Boulogne. Conftaiiiius gdtf a^aiHjl C'arauliiH with an Ar my. Condantius blocki lip the Harbour of one, and employing none but raw Men both at rhc Oar aud Sail, They, on the other hand, being fcnfibic of the Imporrancc of the Bufincfs they were engaged in, divided the Woik b(^L\vccii them; fo that Alaximhi from the Naval Arfcnais on the Rhine fitted out a Fleet of a thoufand Sail ; and Conjiatitins took uj.')n himlclf to deal* with the Enemy by Land. Hearing that Caraujh's was at ^'Tor- tus Gejfforiacus, and continuci! there not only to li und the Minds of the Gauls, but to excite them to a Revolt, he advanced tliitdet with his Army, it being a well fortified Town, and the moll confi- derable in •'hole Parts ; but CaraufiHS having the Sea open, ib as that he might fupply the Place from time to time both with Men and Pro- vifions, very little regarded Conjlantius's Attempts by Land, who being as fcnfibic as they of this Advantage, relblvcd to deprive them of it, and therefore caufcd a prodigious Number of large Trees to be cut down which were fixed like Piles in the Mouth of the Har hour ; when throwing in immcnfe Quantities of Earth and Sand, he in a Ihort time blocked it up, notwithftanding the Violence ot the portusGc'iro- Waves, and all the Efforts Caraujius made to interrupt the Work- riacus. jjjgjj . ^yi^Q juia;jed jt this ^upendous Work, thought it not fafe to truft to the Walls any longer, now his Communication by Sea was cut offi and, under Favour of a tempcftuous Night, elcaping with a few Followers through the Roman Camp, went on board a Frigate, ^Vmalii'^'" w^^""^'^ ^^ 8°*^ ^^^'^ '° h'S Fleet and Army in Britain ; but he loon repented his hafty Refblution, when it was known by him that the Day after he had left the Place, the Sea had carried away all Hon- Jiantius's Work. We took Notice but now of the Emperor Trobus's traufplanting a great Number of the Francs to the Coafts of the Euxine Sea, with a view of making them Enemies to the Scythians and Barbarians in ihofe Parts ; but their Similitude of Manners, and Enmity to the Roman Name, loon made them good friends ; fo that uniting their Forces together, they embarked aboard an incredible Number of Ships, and paflTuig through the Thracian Bojphortts, came downir. to the Mediterranean, which they filled from Eaft to Weft with their Depredations. They feizcd and burnt Syrncnji; whence pro- ceeding Weftward, they paflcd through the Strcighrs of Gades ; and having committed terrible Devaftations on the Sea along the Coafts of Spain and Africk, they returned laden with Spoils, and, without any Oppofition, arrived at their Habitations in 'Fotitm. Caraujius, tho' divided by fo many Countries from thelc People, made a League with them, in purfiunce whereof they equipped another Fleet as nu- merous as the former, aud came down again to the Streights of G^ des, with intent to proceed round and join his Fleet in the Britift) Mifchk/on'' Ocean. Never was a greater Terrour fpread throughout the Roman Empire, for there was no Safety in any Place where thcfe Pirates could have Accefs with their Ships : So that Trade and Merchandiic lay dead ; for if in Summer, the Sealbn for Navigation, they ad- ventured to Sea, they could go no where without falling into the Hands of the Barbarians, and if in Winter, they became a Sacrifice to the Winds and Storms, tho' of rhc two the lat- ter The Francs and Scythians tie great Mif- cbief 10 the Romans. Caraufius makes a league with them. the Seas. r^ '> Chap. XVllI. Diffohtt'ton of the Rom.Empire. 1 7 9 tcr wctc the gentler Enemies : nor is it to he doubrcd that if a JuiK^ion of the two Fleets had happcn'd, puiiiiaut to the ProjeCl between Caraujius and the Franksy it would have i^iven a terrible Shock to the Roman Power. In this Situation of Aflairs Difparch was of the laft Importance ; wherefore Con/ia/ttius, taking under coin.mtius his Command the ihoufand Sail of Ships which Maxitnin had got {"'* '''l''''\ ready in the Mouth of the Rlme^ aflcmbling fcveral others, and r'uaujiu's'rtij caufing more new ones to be run up with the grcatcfl Expedition, 't>- he dilpolcd ibveral Squadrons in convenient Stations along the Coalls of Britain, Gaul, and Spain, as far as Gades, to prevent Caran/ius ins bringing his Naval Forces together, and attempting to join the Franks. Then, with the main Body of the Fleet, he proceeded to meet thofc Fcoplc who had by this time parted the Strcights of Gades, and in few Days came up with them. He firft by levcrai (liaht Skirmillies tried their Strength, and the manner of their fight- ing, when attacking them with his whole Fleer, they came to a gc- nfral Engagement, wherein he gave them ib abiblutc and entire a Defeat, that there was not a Man left to return to Tonttts, nor was iht Franks there in that Country ib much as the Name of a Frank ever after ^J,'^^^,/^']/^*"' heard of. A brave and liiccefsful Captain he was, that by fo pru- 'jH'slutl.-*. dent a Diftribution of his Forces, and by one well timed Battel, could reftore Peace and Security to the World. After this Vidory, Conftanttm returned to Gaul, in order to pafs with his Land-Forces over to Britain againft Caraufitis, who had Caraufius « taken up his Refidence in that Ifland ; but while he was preparing ^'"^ ^'j^^ ' '^^'^ for this Expedition, Caraufim \q^% murdered by one yllleaus his fa \\kaus''ar- miliar Friend, who thereupon aflumcd the Purple, tho' not Matter /""" 'hePui^ of one of Caraufius's good Qualities to countenance his Prefump- ^ "' Having Advice that Conftantius lay in the Mouth of the tion Seine. ' iflc of VViaht. 'Sequana, he rendezvous'd his Fleet at the ' Ifland ^f^j^M", with a foil Relolution to fight the Enemy, if Opportunity Ihould offer. Conftantius weighed Anchor from the Sequana with the fame Dc- fign, but a thick Fog coming up, the two Fleets miflcd each other, and he landed in Britain bctbtc ^lleffus had any certain Intelligence of his being put to Sea. When all his Troops were difembarkcd, he ordered the Ships to be burnt, that they might be fenfible there was no returning, uuicfs they came oflT Conquerors, AlleStus, as foou as he had Advice of the Enemy's Landing, came alio on ihore, but declining a Battel with ConftantiuSi fell in \v'\t\i jifclepiodatus^ his Aiieeiusoic-. Lieutenant ; and finding in the firft Charge his Troops give way, he 1^^^^^^ ' ^"^ threw of his Imperial Robes with the lame Rafhnefs he had put y?4,„. thetn on, and ruining among the thickeft of the Enemy, was (lain without Diftinftion. Conftantius, upon this Vidlory, behaved him- felf with great Moderation, nor permitted he any of the Iflanders to rulfer either in their Lives or Fortunes. Upon the Refignation of T^ioclejian and Maximian^ Conftantius a. d. ipi. ^u^Galerius became Emperors, and divided the Romanoff ot\A be- r^e Roman tween them. The firft had Italy, Africk, Spain, Gaul, Britain, XJuf and that part of Germany next the Rhine ; and the latter Greece, conftantius Illyricum, Afia, and Mgypt, with the Countries on the other fide -""^Gaietius, A a X the K\ ii 1 8 o Naval TranfaiHons hefore the Book 11. Sevenis (lain at l<4ve!inj. Maximin u flain by order of C^onrtan- tine t» Gaul. Mjxentius drowned. Maximin,5i;ii almatia, and lUyrtcum at the tortus Tirtui in Attica, where accordingly rendczvouled two hundred Gallics of thirty Oars each, and two thoufand Ships of Burthen which might, by fixing on of Beaks, be made fit for War. Licinius, at the fame time, being apprehenftve left the Enemy ihould fhizc the Bo/phorus, Tropontu, and Hellejpont, and thereby cut off his Communiation with his great Armies in AJia, alfo let about getting ready a Fleer, and iffued out Orders to all his maritime Provinces for that pur- pofc. In a fhort time Vhanicia provided thirty Gallics of three Tire of Oars, ^gypt as many, the People of ©om and hm fixty, the Cypriots thirty, the People of Carta twenty, the Bith nians thirty, aud the Africans fifty. And now Raujimodtis, King of m Book II. I Chap X VIIL Diffolutton of the Kom Empire. i8i Jman, would c, and there h were there- '»/, as at the mielf, as Ar- ft, that fo he and the Weil, time Maxen- Rome by the ith an Army; 'as there (lain, ning the Em- but failing in m of Conjtan- He tampered but flic fight- er, dilcovercd having cauied ft Maxentm, imct gave him gee over the vncd. being aiTumed ^a(l for his Di- nned, being in : Army againft , or, as others tutus were on- ) to divide the Weft, and the n Boundary to Licinitis^ not Europe, and wtis and"5y- ,rcat Army to Ince to his At- f the Streights ibiing ail the 'ortus Tirtiui Ircd Gallics of which might, J, at the lame he Bojphorus, lommuDtcatioa ready a Fleer, for that pur- lallies of three irij and lonm |y, the Bith- ^modtiSt King of of thcSauromatif crofting the IJfer with a great Army, diverted CoHJUnUm for a while from his Naval Affairs, who proceeding a- «,„r„iiodii!, cainft him, forced him lo rcpalii the River, and cloicly purliiing, ^'«o;it up towards Byzantium. The next Dny Ahantus failing out with his Ships as if he would come to another Engagement, found the Coaft dear, and no Appearance of the Enemy ; but foon receiving Advice that they lay at ElcitSy where they were incrcafed with thirty Sail more, he began to confider whether he had beft to proceed and ac- t;Kk them there, or wait their Motions in the Place where they had fought the Day before. While he was deliberating hereupon, the Wind came up at N. W, and with fuch Violence, that his whole Fleet Licinius hu was caft away upon the Aftatick Shore near Lamffacusy where pe- "i"?' ^'ft '» » rilhcd a hundred and thirty Ships with all the Seamen and Soldiers ^""^'"' on board ; Abantm himfelf with great Difficulty efcaping with on- ly four finall VcfTcIs into AJia. Thither Licinius alio made a fhift to clcape from Byzantium^ where he was befteged by Conjiantine^ who, upon Advice of his Arrival there, put his Troops on board, and failed over to Chalcedan., from whence he (cut part of the Fleet to block up Byzantium by Sea, and prepared to fight Licinius a- fhorc, who, having a very great Army, fbon gave Conftantine aa Opportunity of coming to a Battel. Between Chalcedon and ati ancient Temple aijuno., juft at the Mouth of the Thracian Bof- andhiutrmy fkorus, the two Armies met, and Licinius was totally defeated, '"/^^^i'f* lofing very great Numbers on the fpot ; and tho' he himfelf e- 'umine.°" fcjpcd thence, yet was he foon after taken Prifbner, feni to Thejfa- ^^ q „, bnica, and fufTcred to live a few Days ; but it was dangerous for a Man to be in Being who had once been at the Head of Affairs, in- fomuch Mt- yv 1 82 Naval Tranfathom before the, &CC. Book II. Liciniui fHt fomuch that Conftantinc loon (cnt Orders for puttinc him to Death, " ^"'*' Having icttlcd the Affairs ot yljiat he returned to liyz,atttium, the luhabitants whereof then opening their Gates to him, he not only received their Subinifnon, but forgave them ; and attentively conlf. dering the Situation of the I'lacc, began to think it worthy of be ing tnc Scat of the Empire; wherefore, rclblving fo to make it, CondinHne he inclofcd a very larce Space of Ground to add to the City, crcdl- tr*k,i i«v/in gj J, yj|(| Number of fine Edifices, both nubhck and private, made *jihttmfir: rorutnsj C-/rf«JS, Tcmplcs, Porticos, and Arches, in hke manner as was at Rome^ and gave it the Name of New Rome ; but l>o(tc rity has ever fince continued to it his own. Conjlantiney by this fatal Miftake of removing the Scat of the Empire, leaving Italy and theWeftern Provinces cxpolcd to the bat barous Nations which lay ready to Icizc on (b rich a Prey, the Em pirc lb far declined in its Strength, that, in lels than a hundred Years after, thole Provinces were torn in pieces and deftroyed by the Bat- barians, and not only all o' Ser Parts of Italyy but Rome itlclf was pillaged, and entirely ponclfcJ by the Goths. Thofe Nations which made their Irruptions into the Empire about thefe Times having founded many different Kingdoms and States, feveral of which (lib- fid to this Day, I Ihall go on to treat of the Naval Tranladtions of all fuch among them, as well as the other Nations of Europe, as have been confiderablc at Sea. Of thefc the Goths beforemcntion'd Were the firfl who became celebrated, with an Account of whofe Naval Wars I fhall begin the next Book. t A COM- Book II. him CO Death. zantium, the he not only ntivcly confi. vorthy of be- > to make it, icCiry, crcdl- private, made u like manner te ; but Poftc ic Scat of the led to the bar Prey, the Em- hundred Years ed by the Bar- lome itfcif was Nations which Times having of which liib- rraniadtions oi of Europe, as cforemeotiou'd ouuc of whofc ■ml': '." I A COM- ' *i iliSJ ;t'' m II 1! H TR. Contai mari tions Empj and, to th tor fiicli narr H here iiibdiiin 3iiil part of cl m i83 A COMPLEAT H I S T O RY Of the mod Remarkable TRANSACTIONS at SEA. BOOK III. Containing an Account of the moft re- markable Naval Tranfaftions of all Na- tions that, fince the Ruin of the Roman Empire, have been confiderable at Sea ^ and, among them, of the Englijlj down to the Revolution in the Year 1688. Chap. I. Of the Naval JVan of the Goth*^. jHE Goths are generally fuppofed to have been ori- ginally a People, of ScanJiuavia, where to tbis Day the raoft confiderable Province of S^u^eden is called Gothlandy and an adjacent Ifland in the Baltick Sea goes by the fame Name. Here growing too populous tor liicli narrow Bounds, rhcy crnfTcd the Baltick into Germany, where liibduing the 'Vlmcrugi and Vavdali, they mixed among them, «id part of them received thole Names : Tbence proceeding South- ward, ! If- illtVii Itfj cut off the Arm) of Vjlcns. Al.iric lakes Rome. A. D. 408. Ike Vandals and AUns do 184 Naval Tranfatlions f if ice the Book III. The succijfes ^ajj^ thcy fcttlcd ill l^acia, where Din'cnfions arifing among them, mtnts"«f't'ht fome marched into Scythian and fat down about the ^Pa/us M^eo. Goihs. /;/, and others crofliuc the ^IJier featcd thcmiclves in Thrace^ and • Danubius^ ^^ (|,g Coaft of the Euxiney all which were from thenceforward called the OJirogoths^ or Eadern Goths ; thoib which remained la ^acia being diuinguilhcd by the Name oi Vifigothi., or the Go/ Ax of the Weft. From the time of Conjiantine to that of Valens they re- mained fomcwhat quiet, but then taking up Arms, that Emperor marching againft them, was cut off, with the grcateft Part of his Army. In the Reign oiArcadius and HonoriiiSj the V'tjigoths pro- ceeding from the Banks of the Ijter^ under the Condud of Akm^ took Rome, fetting up Attalus, a Roman Citizen, for Emperor ; and after this they marched into Gaul under the Command of .^. dauhhus. About the lame time the Vandals, that Nation of the Goths who had their Seats about the 'Palus Maot'ts, joining themlclvcs with the Alans, a neighbouring People, and headed by Gogidifcus, fell down into Spain, who having over- ran that Country, covered the Sea with their numerous Fleets ; and every where turning out the grtat Mifchitf Roman Garrilbns, feizcd Gades, the Iflunds of Sardinia, Majorca, to thi Ro- and Minorca, together with Corjica, and invading Sicily, poflefled themfelves of all the Country about 'Panormus. From hence they were invited into Africa, under their King Genferic, by Bonifacius, Governor of that Country for the Emperor Valentinian the third ; where carrying every thing before them, and entirely difpofreiring the Romans, tney made Carthage the Seat of their Kingdom. Gf«- ^ca!^lf^th!ir fi*'^^-> elated with this Succefs, paffed with a great Fleet over to Italy, where taking Rome, and lading himfelf with the Spoils of that City, he returned to Africk. Hearing foon of the Death of Valentinian, he renewed his Excurfious on the Coafts of Sicily and and docs ether Italy, whctc hc took fcvcral Cities, and levelled them with the Mijchttfs. Ground ; whence proceeding Eaftward, he did the like on the Coafts of Greece and Illyrtcum, and among the adjacent Iflands ; when re- turning back to Sicily and Italy, he burnt and deftroyed whatfoevet had elcaped him in his former Expeditions. To reprcfs thefe Infolences, the Emperor Leo fent out Bajilifcus, his Wife's Brother, with a ftrong Squadron, and another under .A/i«r- cellianus to Sardinia : A third Squad-on he committed ro Hen- clius, who, off oiTripolis, gave the Enemy a notable Defeat, at which time \i Bajilifcus had attacked Carthage, there might have been an end put to the Power of the Vandals in Africk, and all would have reverted to the Romans. But Leo dying a'jout this time, and both the Eaftern and WcP:crn Empires being filled with in- tcftine Difturbanccs, Genferic reigned quietly long after in Africk, and having extended his Dominions as far as Mgyft and Mtmftiy at length died, and tranfmitted them in Peace to his Succeflors, who maintained the fame without Interruption till the Time of ^«- Jlinian. jurtinian That Emperor fitted out a Fleet of five hun'lred Sail acainft Gi- 'l"iinii!!"' ^^^'^^■> r'l'^n King of the Vandals, under rhe Command oiCalonytms mans. and make Kingdom. Cen'eric takes and pit- Uges Rome, Bafi'ifcus and two others fent agamfi him. Heracliii? beats hisfltet. Ch A P. I. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 185 o'i Alexandria, \\ ho had with him bcfidcs ninety two GaMics', with a lore of Covering to protcdt the Rowers from the Enemy, whicli they called Drotuotics, or Runners. There was alio a confidcrablc Body ol Land-Forces got ready to be put on board, and a Commif- iiou was given to Bdifar'ins to command the whole. Giltmcr, lipoa Notice of thclc Preparations/ iikcwiic equipped a Fleet of a liiii'.dicd and twenty Sail, giving the Charge thereof to his Brother fzazoii. Efiphauiiis, tlic Patriarch ot Coiijiajitinople, having, with great Solemnity, bellowed his Benedidtiou on the Emperor's Fleer, they weighed Anchor from Coiijiantinople, and fell down the Hclkffont to Abydusy from whence they proceeded to ^ Methone to join Valerian and Martian^ who had the Government oi Greece. Then they let fail for Sicily, whence they pafTcd over to Africk, where the Troops rcfufing to fight by Sea, they were put afliore, anci Bclizaritis in a fliort time reduced Carthage, and took Gilimer and his Brother Tzazon Prilbncrs, whom he carrir;' in Triumph to Cott- jiantimpk ; foon after which his Lieutenant Cyrillus recovered Sar- dnia and Corfica, as another did Mauritania, with the Cities of ' Sejita and Gades. ApolUciariiu alio, another of the General's Officers, reduced '' Ebufiis, Majorca, and M'tnorca ; which great SuccclTcs of Belifarius lufficiently incrcaicd the Number of his Prince's hi;.^h Titles, who thereupon aflumed thofe oiGotbicus, A- lantcus, VandalicHS, and Africanus. Thus ^^'i Africa again united to the Empire after it had been a hundred Years difmcmber'd from it ; but Italy was yet remaining tobeiiibducd, of which the Goths were now entirely Mafters, to- gether with mod: pare of the Ifland Sicily: both which Belifarius iu a (liort time reduced to Obedience. He being recalled to Ccn- jtantinople, the Emperor difpatched another Fleet, with a confidcr- jblc Army, under A/rt.v/wi««x, with the Title andCharader ciTra- fechis-'Tratoria of Italy, the better to govern the Officers, and fupply the Army ; but he being a Man altogether unpradtiled in War, and, befides that, a Coward, loitered upon the Coafls oi Efi- rus. Juftinian after him fent Demetrius as his Lieutenant, who had formerly commanded under Belifarius ; mean while the Goths, under their King Totilas, had recovered almofl: all Italy, and were now bcficging ' Neapolis, which began to be forcly diftrencd. *2)e- victms hearing of this, had a great Dcfire to relieve it, but not having with him a fufficient Number of Troops, he caufcd ieveral Ships to be laden with Corn, and other Provinons in Sicily, hoping to fright the Enemy, who hearing of an huge Navy, expeded a great Army would accompany it. Had he dircdly made tor Nea~ pits, he had undoubtedly driven away the Befiegers, and done his Work ; but being afraid to put in there, he failed on for ^Tortus to gather up Soldiers, who being lately beaten by the Goths, rciUfed to follow him againft Totilas, lb that he was courtrained eithc. to ^iy where he was, or undertake the Relief of A^f«/o//j witn thofe few he had brought along with him. Ghufing the latter Courfe, 71?- ^ilas, when he had notice of his coming, manned out a confidcr- ablc Number of nimble Frigates, which tailing ou him ou a fuddcn, Bb as •> Modi''. icrcoma .ht V.indaii ;« A trick. A. D. 533 '^ Ceiita. Africa aga.n iinilci to tin Reman t:m- pire, IU a'.fy Italy ami biCiiy. T.'jeCoxy, rt- co-.cr grci: part of Itaiv. « Napies. f Porto, *f the j.lv:ith cf the Tiber. Totilas btatt the Roman Ftect on the Ccnfl of N>1- % poiis. KM '>'■ 'ill' ill'' !i , 'U •' 'il' The Roman Fleet Jorcid on fliorc a- tntng the Ncapolis ii 1 8 6 Naval Tranfatlions fiticc the Book I!i. as he lay on the Coaft near Ncapolis, furpri:^cd aiid defeated him and took all his Ships, with the Men aboard them, except Juch a^ at the firft .*larm Icap'd into their Boats, amongft whom \vas2)f. ntctrins himlclK Maximinus being fairly advanced as lar as Sicih Iht fiili at Syracif/e, afraid of the War ; for though the Coniman.' dcrs in Italy, Specially the Governor of Neafolls, importuned him to come to th'^-.r Succour, he ftill wore out the Time, lillfcarinj the Emperor's high Dilblcailire, and wearied with the Sollicitations he had from all Parts, he relblved, by ftaying behind, to lave one, and to lend the Army to Neapotis under the Command of others. Now was it the Don'h of Winter, and the Fleet coming oiTthatCi- t\', met with a violent Storm, which, maugre all the Efforts the Seamen could make, drove them afliore at the Place where the Ene- my lay encamped, who had lb cafy a Game of it, that they funk Ships and killed Men as they plcalcd, without any Rcfiftancc, inlb- much that but few efcaped, the reft being taken, together with Dt. metritis. Him did Totilas lead with a Rope about his Neck to the Town Wall, where he compelled him to perfuade the Citizens to yield, by telling them that they were to expedt no farther Suc- cours, and that all their Hopes had periflied with the Navy; of which Truth being too lenfiole, they fbon after furrcndcred the ^iveniipto the 1 iilCC. <^""'s- In this manner did the Roman Affairs in Italy again decline, and Totilas /«- Totilas Ihortly after invefted Rome, which had endured the Sifgea •i-f/Jj Rome, 1q,^„ fij^c, and began to be hard preffed with Famine, when thcEm- ii fcnt to ill pcror thought It neceflary to lend Belijartus agam mto Italy^ to ^«'"/; retrieve his Loffes. Upon his Arrival he found the City would be inevitably taken, unlefs he could immediately throw in a Supply of Provifions ; to prevent which Totilas had upon the Tiber, about eleven Miles below Rome, where the Chanel is narrowed, laid a Bridge of Planks, at each fide whereof he built wooden Towers, and put good Garrifons in them. Belifariiis, to effedt his Purpolc, fixed two Barks together, upon which he raifcd a Tower of Wood higher than thofe the Enemy had made at the Bridge, and launched into the Tiber two hundred Pinnaces, the fides whereof were full of Port-holes, out of which they might flioot at them. Aboard thefe Pinnaces he caufed to be put Corn and other Provifions, and ia Ports of Advantage, down the River, placed on either fide thereof t' Pottc. Horfe and Foot, to hinder any Defigns upon 8 Tortus, at the Mouth of the Tibcr^ the only Place in thofe Parts which he had in his Hands, the Defence whereof he committed to Ifaac, with Arid Orders not to ftir from thence on any account whatfoever, while he himlelf condudbed the Pinnaces, and caufed the two Barks with the Turret to be towed after , on the top of which he put a little Boat full of Pitch, Rofin, Brimftone, and other combuuible Mat- ters : And that thefe his Devices might the better fiicceed, he fcnt Orders to Bejfas, the Officer who commanded in Rome, to make a general Sally, and alarm the Enemy's Camp : But he, intent on making Advantage of the Corn which had been laid up for the Sol- diers, and therefore unwilling the Siege Ihould yet be raifed, neg Icdcd BookIII. H Chap. I Ruin of theRom. Empire. 187 .1 defeated him, except iuch as vhom \vas2)f- as lar as Sicilj, the Commaii. mportuncd hini iTic, till fearing le Sollicitations id, to lave one, ciaud of others. ing oiT that Ci- the Efforts the where the Ene- that they funk -cfiftancc, inlo- ;cthcr with 1)e. his Neck to the the Citizens to 10 farther Sue- the Navy; of iirrcndcred the in dechnc, and red the Sirgca when the Em- 1 into Italy, to City would be ' in a Supply of c TV^fr, about rrowcll, laid a 'coden Towers, is Purpolc, fixed if Wood higher I launched into of were full of Aboard thefe vifions, and in ler ftdc thereof f, at the Mouth he had in his '.ac, with flrid atfoever, while two Barks witli he put a little mbullible Mat- Liccccd, hcfent me, to make a he, intent on up for the Sol- be raifed, neg Icdcd Icdcd to put tlicle Orders in Execution. Belifariiis making the bcrt ''eiiunus ai- or his way up the River, found an Iron Chain laid a crols near the \'!"^^l "^ ''" Bri(ij,c, which arrer he had killed Ibine and driven away the reft who iTiiao Opporition, he cafily rcmo"cd, and pafling on to the Bridge, ic I prcleivl) to worf.. The Gotbs from their Towers valiantly iIc- i iiiiiii; the nielves, he caulcd the Barks with the Turret to bc'row- fd ii> ar that Tower, which ftood in the Water by the way from 'Pf»'ns. Then was :hc Boat full of combuftiblc Sruff fct on fire, and Ih'Vcd down jufl apon the laid Tower of the Enemy, wliich \vi> iiift.inrly in Flames, and within it were burnt two hundred Gnths, together with their Officer, one of the moft valiant of their Nirion, the Roman Soldiers in the mean time plying liich as came from the Gothick Camp to the Relief of their Fellows lb warmly, that being amazed at the Accident, they ran all away. They laid Hands pii the Bridt^o, and had fuddcniy pulled it down and gotten into Rome without Oppofition, if Ifaac, the Governor of 'Portus, had not unluckily heard of their Succcis ; who, dcflrous to have a Share the Honour, marching our, contrary to his General's Orders, A roxvir of the (Joihs burnt. in A. D. J47. with a hundred Horl'c, and charging a Body of the Enemy which lay on the other fide of the River near OJiiuj was taken Prilbncr, wijh all his Men Upon the firft Notice of whofe Defeat, Belifa- riiis, thinking Tortus and all was loft, drew back his l-'orccs in or- der to recover that Place ; which fallc Steps in both thefe Officers rendcr'd fruitlefs all which had hitherto been done for the Relief of rht inttndni Rome, fo that the Ciry in few Days fell into the Enemy's Hands. ^''''/ "/ After this they had feveral Engagements with various Succcfs, y;^°'J)5. fomctimcs Belifarius, and fomccimes the Goths getting the better ; and the latter with a confiderable Number of Ships made Defcents in Corara and the adjacent Iflands, as alfo on the Cofts of Epirus, j/,^ ^oths Acarnania, and ^tolia which they ravaged with Fire and Sword, makt oefcents Then was the War con...w the (iiiili^ A I). <<( l!>t S'uA.cns (il)lllS jl:araci'ns, under the Condu(A oi jlbderames^ who overran the iffCii't ;: Part of that Country. ■^I'rira i A' C [1 A I'. II. Of the Naval Wars of the Saracens. BOUT a Century before the Ruin of the Gothick Power in Spain, thofc People, the Saracens^ began to be forroidablc in Africk, whofe Name is choi^ht to be derived from that of Jd- rah, the Wife of Abraham, being cflccmcd the Pofterity of Agur, her Pbndmaid. They inhabited Arabia for many Ages before, but were taken very little Notice of, till the Impoftor Mahomet, their litRiftoftht Countryman, broach'd his new Religion, by which having acqaired sir^i U.S. jj j,jjj [sjunjbcj of Followers, and beine favoured by the unadive indolent Government of the Emperor HeracUus, he firft took fe. veral Caftles on the ^Perfian Frontiers, and then, aHliled by the lUt sucttis of 'Perfians, who greedily followed his monftrous Superftitions, redu- ced all Arabia to his Obedience, with great part of Syria ; and al- liiming the double Office of King and Prieft, became the firft C«- liph of the Saracens. There were four principal Officers called Emirs, who, under him, had the Direction of Affairs both by Land and Sea, from which Word many of the Learned have derived Ami- //;»/«/■/"/,,/ ra I or Admiral, the Term by which, in moft of the modern Laa- 'Ihni'r'a'r "' g^^^s, is fignificd the Commander in Chief at Sea ; though there are not wanting Icvcral other Derivations of that Name. Mahomet was fuccecded by Ebu-beker^ and he by Haumar ; and the firft ma- ritime Expedition of the Saracens was very uniiiccelsful ; for paffing down to the Strcights of Cades y with a Fleet of two hundred and fcventy Sail, IVamba^ King of the Goths in Spain., engaging with them, burnt or Ibnk all their Ships; but fbon after, when Of- man , or Otmen , the SuccefTor of Haumar^ came to the Throne, their Atfairs wonderfully prolpcicd at Sea. iht Itiijbjl.ir M.ilioim't. A. I). Ml. At Book III, ■ Chap. II. Ruin of the Kom. EMpirc. by /Jttiltanus, lavcnna, where is fcvcral ftron^ oths , amotigft in a Battel, nor tc ; and the im- ell into Narjcs\ out of tlic bcft ns on the othct r Scftlciiicnt in ^is Expulfion of r Kings from/ to their Powei , who overran i8> ns. ''.hick Power io be forioidable )m that of Si- teritv of jlgar^ zes before, but }iahomst, their aving acqaired the unadivc firfl took fe> flSfted by the rdicions, redo- Syr/tf; andal- the firft Cj- 3fftcers called both by Land derived Ami- tnodern Laa- though there Mahomet the firft ma- il ; for paiTing hundred and ngagiog with , when Of- the Throne, At le nttf At this time the Omltanfiiiopolltan Emperors h;ui |()ine put of /.frira remaining in their Haiuls, but the Majclly of the Empire was now lo much diminillicil, that the Govcruours they lent thi- tjicr look"! on flicinfclvcs more as Kings than Subjcdts. Cuc^orittf th:'Patficiafi wwi he who now rulcil the Province o[ f'ftr!/;aiie ihi (,.„,,, the Fmpcrnr (.'o'/J/ans, againfl wliom OJman lent liis Emit liucbay rn I'r'efi whodcfcaring Grcf!^or% took and dcllroycd (Jarthati^c, and lei/.cd Tu- |'"'y' '-»'• «//, which afccrwards became the Head of a particular Govcniincnr, ' "^^ as it icintinucs to tliis Day. About the lame time Muhavias, ano- ther Emir ot O/mi'i's, proceeded from Aigypt with a Fleet of fc- vciitccn hundred Sail for Cyprus^ and having laid waftc that Ifland, Cyprn'. /,.,< I;\iiiliiig in Syria, he took up his Qiiartcrs at 'iOrfW/z/c'v/j. The next '^'>i'*h'''f Siuiiiu he rcpaircii again U) (Typrus, and having wholly reduced the ■""•'"'" Ifl.iiiH to Ok'dicncc, Liilcd over to -P/ja-fiiXy a Port ot'Carifi, where lay the Emperor Conftaus with a Fleet, which Miibaviax attacking, pained an entire Vidlory, with liich a prodigious Delhudtion of the f'' ■ "vrr- (I'rnks, that the Sea was laid to be dyed, to a coiifiderable DiHance, * with the Hlood of the flain : and the Emperor, in Dilgiiilc, clcape(li, j. with Difficulty, in a linall Boat to Coujtantitioplc. The Conqucro- hcrciiiion invaded Rhodes, where he demolilhed the celebrated (> Inffus, and thence proceeding towards Sicily, wafted that Iflatu! \s i.n Fire and Sword, as lie had doue Icvcral of the Cycladcs in his W..-y, Hither Olympius the Exarch of Italy repaired agaiuft him, and ">- niing to an Engagement at Sea, at length gained the Vidlory, . In l)I()ody a one, and lb dearly bought, that he landed in the Ifland /"«'"/; If i more like the Vanquiflied than the Conquerour. ^''y- Muhavias by the Death of Ofman, and his SucccfTor y//y, beco- niini; Caliph, \o confiderably cucrealcd his Power that he rendered the Emperor Conflantine Vogonatus his Tributary ; in the fifth Year of which Prince's Reign, the Saracens coming up with a great Fleet all ■ ■ ■ ! m- t 1 4' RlicJei . Sivily. lilt . .r fittt it unit h iht A. D. f>:i. and Army to Conjiantinopley they fcized ou all that lay between the flehdoMum and Cyclobiam, two Suburbs of that City; where- upon Cnnftantiiie brought out his Fleet, and they fought every Day ^/« s'lurm'; from Morning till Night in the Port there. From the Mouth of^- Jj"f/,il."l'' pr d u\\ S(ptrmher tvicy continued their Siege, when defpairing of cmtuiinno Siicccis they departed to, and wintered at Cyzicnm, and in Spring ?'<=■ renewed the War. This they continued to do for four Vears fuc- ccffivcly ; but at length their Courage being quite Ipcnt, they iu great grief retired, having loft a very great Number of their Men, alter which followed the Oeftrudtion of their whole Fleet, which was in the Winter Scafon caft away off the •" Promontory of Scyll^'um, '^"P'SMWi. where perilhcd thirty thouland Men. There was a new Tnvention of Sea Fire, as they called if, which would burn under Water, and t^'''' s.uacei)s was of great Service to the Defendants in the Siege; with which \^'%'l'J^°2'^ Secret Callinicus, an Heliofolitan of Mgypt, the Author of it, fled to the Romans. While one Party of the Saracens thus employ- ed themlclves againft Conjlantinoplc, another Captain of theirs, Su- phianiis, the Son of /tphus, engaged with the Romart Forces com- "f""::*"' mandcd by F/ar«.r, Tetronas, ma Cypriatius, but to no other 6f- ,','! ^>,;,.f,"' fed than that he loft thirty tho\ifand of his Followers; Aud now pninu'ihtm would ''""■ :i V3 A, I). '^88. lA'ontius af- fiiwei ihit'iir fie 1 9 o Naval Tranfadiom fmce the liooi; in would rhc Majclly of the Roman Empire have revived and llnurilh A. I), "-.(u cd, it" the Emperor had not inglorioufly granted l\'acc to Alnhavks^ and thereby laved the Curacens, whole Power (it he had proRcutcd his Siicce(Tcs) might have been then cafily crnlhcd in its Crjdic, the Remains of which is to this Day (o formidable in thcii SucccfTots the Turks. Prefently after the Conclufion of this I'eacc, Mulim- /«• died at 'Damafcus, then the Scar of his Empire, having incrcifcd the Saracen Dominions on the Weft with ^Hgypt and /ffrick, EjII ward with Atcfopoiamiai and to the North with great I'arc of^*- Minor. After Gizid and Alarvati, who next (uccccded, Abdelmelich be- jiiibniin n. came Caliph, in whole time the Emperor Jujtinian the fccond i'l'xHw ''" l"'o'^^ ^^^ Peace with the Saracens, with whom coming to a Battel, he received u great Defeat, and loon after was difpoffcflcd of his Dignity by Leon rius, who bauilhing him to Cher/ona, in theTaa- rirau Chcrfonejus , afTumed the Purple himlclf Abdehnekh encouraged bv his late Succefles, lent an Army to Thrace under the Condudt of Moarned, and at the lame time gave Orders for a Fleet to be got ready to Icour the Sea, and defend the Coafts oi Afrka, with which John, Leontius\ Officer, who was lent with a Squa- dron againft rhem, durft never come to an Engagement, Abdclm- Itch dying, he was fuccecded by l^lit, who lent Muza, then E- Tht Saracens mir, Or Governor of Mauritania, z<^z\x\^Roderic, King of the Go/Zj; <»r4,/« Spain, in Spain, at the Inftigation of Count Julian, a Man of great Pow er and Authority in tnat Country, whole Daughter Roderic had ra- vilhed. The Succeis of this Expedition was the Reduction of all Spain, from whence they penetrated into Gaul, and poflefled them- felves of the createft Part of '' Gallia Narboncnfis. Under ZuJlimin, or Soliman, the Succcflbr of 1)lit, the Sau- Kfrf««Spain, cens again befieged Qonjiantinople both by Sea and Land, with an and p.irt of Army commaudcd by AfaJ/alnias, and a Fleet by Haumar. Their lufolence was a little reprcffcd by Leo^ then Prsitor ofArmetik, but Zullimin himfeif repairing to the Siege with a Fleet of three thoufand Sail, had gone near to have taken the City, but that he dyed belbre the Place, leaving his Son Haumar his SuccelTor; and the Siege havmg continued two Years, the greateft Part of the Ships were funk by Tempefts, or burnt by artificial Fires, moft of theMen perilhing vyith their VelTels; to repair which Lofs Gizid advanced with a new Fleet of three hundred and fixty Sail to Bithjnia, where he was entirely defeated and put to Flight. We purpofcly omit the great Overthrows the Saracens received fome time after in the Weft from Charles Martel, Tipin, and Charles the Great, hziotc Avignon^ Narbonne, and other Places in France^ where Abderames, Atinus, and others of their Leaders were cut offi together with their vaft Armies : The Turks at the fame time rulhing down from Scythia through the Pals ofCaucap, and attacking them in the Eaft. But the Saracens did not fall unre- venged, though vanquilhed in lb many Places, nor could they Iboa be rooted out who had acquired Co extenfive a Dominion ; the Dif- fenfions that reigned in the caftern Empire yielding them tooj A. D. 7t3. b Provence and Langiic- doc l,.iiil. But are o- ■verthrown before Con- ilantinoplc, A. D. 711. and in di- rerfe other i'liCes. A D, Sco.. an 4 1V)(>;;111 M Chap.II. Rtii/t of thcRom. Empire. J5>i an Opportunity to retrieve their AfTiirs. Dcuv^ called to the A(- filbncc oiThomaSy who ciuleavourcd to gain rlic Empire ixom Mi- i'"yo--tr- chad lialbus, they [^ave a figiial Overthrow to that Hinpcror's Fleet \'"',ll''l ,1!"* q[X Abydiis, and loon after defeated his Army cominaiidcd by /Itlji- >or Muiuei anus and C/itacctla, as alio another confidcrablc Fleet that was fit- '^■'"^"'' red out againfl them. About the fame time a great Uody of them tailing over i'rom Mauritania to Cot Ji'ca and Sardinia, in order to A. i). Ca;. Icttlc in thole Iflands, they were bcarcn in a Sea Fight by BotitfacCi Admiral to 'PiJ>in (Son ol Clftiles the Great) King of Jta/y, \>i^in'i M- and forced to retire from thence. They ibon after made another mir<,iov;r- li.\.x.z\^^io\\SardiHiay but were ng.iin dcfca'-ed, ofFof that Ifland, by '27lt!u!n' t Charlcsy 'Pipings Brother, afTiOcd by Count Ihtcbard\ but about the l/U'^nAt lame time a numerous Body of them putting to Sea, over- ran CHy^, i-" ovir-run where they built the Ciry Candia, wiiich now gives Name to the 'tilujclnL whole Ifland. There Cratvriis, the Emperor Michaels Admiral, after an obltinatc and bloody Dil(nrc, gave them a great Overthrow, killing and taking Prilbners a vafl Mulriuidc of them. Thofc that cleaned, retired into the Town of Candid, who finding Cratcrns Michael //;« carelcfs after thcVidory, and his I'eo|ilc taken up in drinking and ['i'Jm'J^ a»d revelling, made a general Sally the enliiing Night, and cut hini o^tit .s,irai.'eiu' with his whole Army; to retrieve which Misfortune Oryphas was ^'''" "*"''> font out with a Fleet, who harafTcd them in Icvcral Engagements and Skirmiflics by Sea. About this time Eupbc;iiusy a Sici/iaft, fearing the Emperor's Re- a. d, SiS. fcntmcnts for fomc Crimes by hiiu committed, went over to the Saracens, and offered to make them Mailers of Sicily, provided they would let him enjoy the Sovereignty there, who accordingly, under his Condudl, poflefTcd themfelvcs of that Ifland ; and as Ambiilacus, The Saracens one of their Leaders, who had ravaged the Coafts of Calabria, and "'''^"' ^"^''y> Corfaa, was returning to /Ifricaixdtn with Spoils, Ermengarius,bM anbttiun Governor of the Baleares Iflands for Bernard King oi Italy, fell in ''^ ''" '"''"» with, and defeated him, fetting at liberty a great Number of Chri- '''" ftiau Slaves. The Saracens, however, did not yet dcfifl: from their Depredations, but fliortly after liirprized " Centumcella, which they 'Civita Vtc- butut and dcftroycd, when ravaging the Coafl: of Gallia Narbonen- ^'' '• //, they made another Attempt on Sardinia, where Ermengariiis ji„,j ,«<•, ci- falling unexpedtedly upon them, gave them lb great a Defeat that ve- vi.iVccdua, xy few of their Ships returned to Africk; and Boniface, Count of *"/^^^' ,'^f;|''''' Corfica, giving them chace, but not being able to come up with a. d. 830."* them, landed a Body of Troops between A)ticu^\\d^ Carthage, with which he lb harrals'd and fatigued them, that they were forced to withdraw their People from Sicily to their Relief Bonifacins then icturning home with his victorious Fleer, the Saracens rclblved to re- venge their late Dilgraces, and putting to Sea, again fcizcd and plundered j-,',^ ,,/,^„ /,r Ccntmicellee, and laid Siege to Rome it felf, where they burnt the laKumcc-i- Faticaii, with all the Churches thereabouts, and having laid wafte '*'^^('''/" the Suburbs and neighbouring Towns, repaired on board their Ships. ''^ After this, under the CoudutSt of one Saba, they came over to famitum, and laid Siege to that Place, which being Ibmcvvhat dif- -'^- ^^ 843- trcflcd, the Greek and Venetian Fleets were lent to its Relief; » whereupon i '1 I ^ 2 NaVill Tr/rflfi/iT/Ofls finCC the Hoof. Ill I'.i J ( cllllllKV lut ' .ri'Cl>s AU,t Vciicli- ;|li'. itnll'l 'It VfJ liy iIji Sa. » Tricllc. A. I>. BVi. A. D. S67. J^» VUth of thu t.ljIilH I'.nij'tr^ir an.l S4r.iocns .i'- ItrHiiltly litAitn. ' MiJiliiii. • N.iv,itmD. R P.ur.\i. •Jhi S\xM-c\\', htiti M iniK'l tlir I'M I nun .tl SCI, hm lUe ovir t'ltn iv ll'c utrc, A. U S71. the S.uiccm (licit nt I, atiil rttfive (titer i'itil l.ojjii. A. D. lojt. A I). i.|o?.. Ihf) iin.' liii- vcn out of w Iicrciipon Sa/jtt makiui', « Shew ot Tcir, w itlulrcw from iKlnrc tk Placcintoihcll.iy of (.'rofo/ia, where falliiiminon the Hucniy'sH^f he I'rclciitly fortcd the C/'/yvX-j- to lly, ami tfic /''//(■/ /,///j,' |,rnj' (iu;htiii;', oil l)oaril their Ships were all llaiii to a Man. I he i;im S,//>delir., King ot Ciranada, the only Kingdom they had remaining, aiidput an I'.ud to their Power in that Country. Ciur. ' from l)f I'orp ,(., ic ^,llcnl_v^H^^^ nctians', |ir,ivjy ■1-II1. 'iiio i:,ni dnatirk, u|| i,.^ uit Slii|is l)(iiii,j Death the Mo,. Id/.cil aiii||)|iin. ror of the K.i|[, I j;!-cat Dcltat iiI iluucr : lint not :incnc III the,/;'. few whoclcjpcj Coafts of'/VA;. ;rl» they were all rminic.soir'//f. Hrttania \\n\\^ lent into J;a/v ircly roiitalliiip, rocccdecl tip tli; I were I)e(ici^iii|; 'ttrtuititiis, thm ther Overthrow who proleciitiiii; iiid /Ipiiiia that : with tlic Sm- JW, iiicoiillaiiti'i tiiclcofthcmpc- turn to MiftMy other as lii;iul; rs on the Co:!l 'atolia andG/(- lein. After this roni Nicel>bom liral ; a confide- and been Orip: impcror of Cfr- ivifionsamongll y at length be- and ill Cakkm ongcd in Spm, till rhctimeof ittiy BoaUek, luiiiing, and put li-1 ■ Chap. III. R//iff of thcRom.FMpire. 193 Ciuf. C II A 1'. III. Of the Naval ll'an oj the Normans. '^jf^Ow ard the Dcchiic of the Saracen Power, the Normans bc- ^.111 to grow tonfiderable, who were a People of Nurivay, \m\ lor iiuiiy Ages before been ulcd to Piratical Depreciations in that h lliai ll*»»» ■" "..y - .^.„ ....„., -..■m-mmm »..*« „-..„. ^--.i^.* .— ..w.i.ii.a the Ncrthcrii Seas, which they chiefly made iilc of againd their Ncinhl'oiirs of Ih'Hmark and SucdiN, wherein loinctimes the one, ami lonictiines the other got the better. It was in the Times of the tmpcrors ('.harlctna^nc^ Louis the Pions, and Lotharius^ that theic People began to make their Excurfions to the Southward ; when mixing with the ^Dancs, they came down in Swarms, under thcCon- tludl of a Son o\' RcQnerus, one of their Kings, and ravaged the Coarts of Saxony, rrirjlattd, Holland^ ami I' landers, whence coarting along, tiicy entcreil the SeinCy the Loire, and the ilaronne, Icizing and plundering the Towns upon thole Rivers. After this, Addingm, one of tiicir Leaders, lariated with the Vht N'onniiii in: ,l,lf S4.\;)■»'■> r: [It ,|M::: ill'! il. :'.ll' ■ :W h 1 94 N^i;^?/ TrarifaBions fmce the Book III. vaccns. 'i7;e .S'onj n/ T,incred, lird <•]' Hauli;\ille Take Mefilna ami beat the Saracens. he, when he had no faichcr Occafinn for them, pcrfuaded them to an Expedition into Spai/i, to which Purpolc he iii[)plicd thcni with Ships, Arms, and Provifions, and they accordingly iailing thither, T/;i! Normans jeteated the Saracens in two or three Skirmiflicj-, and poiTcfled them- fclves of levcral Towns. After this Richa-rd-, there reigned in Normandy two others of the fame Name, the latter of w hich was iliccecdcd by Robert ; and Ttv.. crcd. Lord of Hautcuillc., being by iomc reckoned a Son of jijc, had himiclf twelve, of whom the moil confidcral.lc were fViliim F'lerabrasy 'Drogo, Utmifrcy, Godjrey, Robert Guifcard, audA'c- gcr Bopt. Tavcrcd, going in qneft of new Adventures, carried thcic his Sons with him into //^/y, where after having iiiccelsfully waged War for ibme time, he dyed at SalcrtiOt his Sons being entertained by George Maniaces, General of the Greek Emperor Micbaeh Forces in Apnlta and Sicily againfl the Saracens. They paflingo- ver into Sicily., forced McJJina and Syracnfe ro liirrendcr, and over- throwing Apolofarus and /Ipocapfes, xXxtSaraccn Leaders, in a pitcht Battel, loon reduced the greateft Part of the Ifland to Obedience. Though Maniaces thus gloried in his SuccclTcs, ycc was he as unfor- tunate in diftributing the Spoils of the War, for, indulging his avail- cious Temper in retaining the greater part to him fell, he loon dif- obliged the b;avc Normans., whole Swords had acquired them; whereupon IVilliatn Fierabras returned to Apulia^ and fcizing Ic- veral Towns, maintained them. Having ftroni^Iy fortified Mdf^ to which Maniaces laid Siege, he fally'd out, dei'eated him, and forced him to fly into Sicily \ and reducing the reft of the Couirry to Obedience, he, with theConfent of his Brothers, took upon him- felf the Title of Count oi Afnlia, but dying without llTue, left liis Taking iheTi- Brothct 'Drogo to fuccccd him, who overcoming tic Emperor's tleofDukyj forces that were fcnt asjainft him, left his Dominions in Peace tn Apulia, dies. .._. „._ .P.. . . ._ Drogo, and after him GtHltrcy /Hc- teeds. 1049. Godtiey takes Pi'fe Leo 1\, and fever til Car- dinals. Robert Guif card fiictee. and coiq.iers (^al.ibri.i, ij iiy the Pofe m>r KC of Apuiia. The S.uecefjcs "/Robert and his Brothers. Fierabras, ene of Tsil- crcd'j.Vows, beats the Greek Gene ral. his Brother Godfrey. He bcfiegcd and took Benevcnto, and ni a Battel near Civita di Cbicti rook Pope Leo IX, w ith leveral Cardi- nals, but ulcd his Vidory with iiich Moderation, and lb handlomc ly treated his Prifoners, that he received from the Pope his Apoftoli- cal Bencdidtion, and a Confirmation of his PolTeHions in Afulk. Godfrey was luccccdcd by Robert Guifcard, who reduced all Cak- bria, and annexed it to his Dominions; at which twnc NicbolasW. ^1 was Pope, who being engaged in a Qiiarrel with hi Nobles, was lis, affifted by Robert, whom ibr that Service he honoured wilI. ho Ti- tle of Duke o'l Apulia, and appointed him to command in an 1. '-• dition for expelling the Saracens out of Italy, wlicrc they h J ycc Ibmc footing. Bivona, Sciglio and the neighbouring Towns ins Brother Roger took in, while himiclf reduced Bifignano, CofiH^tt Martirano, Nicaftro, Maja and Canne. At this time Fortune paved the Way for the Norman Power in Sicily ; for the People of Mcfina, being hard prcfTcd by the Saracm^ begged Aid oi Robert Guifcard inCi Roger Bof'ii, to whom they cfpered ro fubrair, if they delivered thLiu from tiicir inlultiug Em- mies. Roger, kndma, Betfnmcnus, oncof his Officers, to view the Coaft and Country about Me//7na, failed i\om Rigio, andconiingto ^ ' an 'I Chap. Ill Nuin of the Rom. Empire. 195 an Anchor near MelazzOy lauding his Troops he joined Battel with f^oser i-ats the Saracens y whom having totally defeated, and killed their Gc- I^Vkiw"^"' ncral, he returned triumphantly, laden with Spoils, to Regio. Attcr ad. 10 . this with another Fleet he overcame thole People, and plundered '"^ '""" '""" Mejfina, forcing Baleanes to retire with his Ships out of the Port fiu"dcn'^L: of that City ; bcfidcs which, he took Ratnetta., and leverul other una. Towns in the Plain of Mclazzo-, together with Maniacium on the Skirts of Mount Mtna^ a Place lately built by Maniaces. Robert Guijcard haftcning over to the Afliftancc of his Brother, came to a Battel with the Saracens^ wherein he gained a complete Vidory, Robert aif,ji. i^iUing ten thoufand of them; which was followed by the Surrender '"her"tZ, of fcvcral ftrong Places. But now DilTenfions arofc between the two mariy pIms Brothers, bccaule Robert having promiled to the other one half of'" '"'^''y- Calabria, and all Sicilyt had not equally divided the former, but re- tained the greatert part to himlclfj lb that letting alone the Sara- '^j" '""" ^'^''- ceus, they warred againft each other, but at length came to an A- 'tut'a^fZZt iiid. A. D. IC63. grcemcnr, for Robert being taken Prilbner, and generoufly let at li- berty, he, to recompcnfe that Civility, equally fhared Cahbria with his Brother. Now was Roger again at Iciiiirc to purfuc his Defigns in Sicily, where he was attended with conftant Succcfs, the Saracens flying Roger a'^ain every where before him, and herein he was afllftcd by the Tifans, ji"'"ff"' >" who'with icvcn Gallics attempted to feize the Port oi 'Palermo, while ^"^' ^" he was to bcficgc it by Land : But at the iame time the People of Bart and Trani, two Towns the Greek Emperors yet pofTeflcd in Apulia^ making great Difturbances in that Country, the Siege of Talermo was put off to another Opportunity, and both the Bro- thers repaired to invert thole Places, which they took in a Ihort time. Tiny reduce when returning to TaJermo, it loon after underwent the fame Fate. ^^'^ andTn- Of all the Acquifitions in Sicify Robert retained only this City to paicnna" himfclf, from which afterwards he took the Title of Count ; and re- pairing to Afulia., he feized Brind'tji, OtrantOy Taranto and Salerno., Robert ttitts and overcoming Gofelinui, Admiral of the Greek Emperor's Fleet, ^l^^^'^-'d before Bari, took him Prilbner. other puot. The Greeks were alflrted by the Venetians^ whole Admiral Contari- tti iifcd his utmoft Endeavours, at the Requeft of the Emperor Nir^tfho- nis, to prevent the taking oiBrindiJi, but without effew, being defeat- ed in aSea Fight ofFthat Place. Robert alfo overthrew Af<«^/V<2,the Era- bm/j therieet pcro; . '-".lexiui's Admiral, in an Engagement near Corifus ; after which "{/^',/'^{'" lie clpoufing the Caufe of the Emperor Michael^ whom Nicefhorus '" had dethroned, committed the Affairs oi Italy to his Son Roger^ gave the Command of h'S Meet to his youngeft Son Boemonti, and liim- iclf letting Sail, accc nnied with Michael^ loon arrived at la VaJona, whore landing the Troops, they proceeded to 'Durazzo, fo that ficgc was laid to that Place by Sea and Land, which, maugrc all the Efforts the Townfmcn could make, though affifted by a Squa- TrtifjDar.u- dron of Venetians in the Port, and countenanced by a confiderablc 10, ^'i >>">(' Naval Force on the Coaft, was in a Ihort time forced to lurrendcr ; '/;'„ *^"^ and the Fcuetian Fleet, commanded by 'Dpminiciis Sylvius , theo Doge, icccivcd fi> great a.Dcltat, that he was dcptiycd ^f his Dig- C c X nity, 1 M II PI n ;l 1 |!|H[ ii if f j^ jiut llil If HI 1^6 NavalTrarifaElwns jhicc the Book III, ■ Chap.1\ A. D. io«j. iiity, afrcr he had governed that RcpiiMick thirteen Years. Soon alter which. Count Robert s^ Tlcer obtained another Victory over the Venetians upon the Coart oi''Dalinafia, which was Ihorrly foj. Jowd by a third I'.ngagcmcnt beiwcen them, of?' the Iflaud J'rt/^vw wherein the Venetians were alio again defeated. At length, after the Rcdudtion of mod of the maritime Places in Epirus, LAvadid and Rohcrt, aytr Albania, with Icvcral ol the Illands oi Greece and l^almatia, Rohm ciUtrSM, ■(■<,■,, c,'//; Ar^;.^ ticcealed ar Saiiti ^uarantu in Ej'irus, Icavinc part of// diti, all J ill ,•> , IT, I I 1 N-»,- » r ■ rP'- , '.iitn hii i)j p'llta, w 1th namatia and his foreign Accjuilitioiis, to Bocmoud^ an,] t lie reft of his Dominions to Roger ; wliich hoanond, afrcr Icvcral (iMial Succcfpjs againll the Saracens^wa^ created Duke oiAntioch. Roin ta aiiit (ill/. Ruiter ik\ii> xiDnoi Nt cot era, a Sea Port oi Calabria, lately burnt by Betiavt s.ii,ioiiisf7m ^«•f the Saracen (jcneral, let upon rheir Meet in rhe Port ol S))\i. at syr.iaiK , cufc, which hc (ttccrly dcllroycd, killing Benavirns with his own '^rfwrnbialy '^•""J' ^'"^ ihoic of the City driving out the Saracens, openc.l tluir ' Gates to thcContiucror, loon after which the rcll: ai Sicily \o\W ' their Example. Nor latisficd with tliis Succd.s, he proceeded to Malta., then pofTcircd by the Saracens, which he prclcntly nude himlelf Matter oli together with the adjiceiit llland Ciozo. Ro^cr was lijccccdcd by his Son of like Name, as the Dnkc of Apulia was about the lame time by his Son IVtlliam, between A lioiuiyiiar wliom thctc liappcucd a bloody War ; for JVtUiam being to marry httnen the oiic of tlic Daughtcrs o{' k\\c ( iveek Emperor, and lailcit' to Con- Jtantinoplc tor that purpolc, Roi,!^er nnmciliatcly invaded his Donii nions, which, when William died, he kept Poflelfion oli as the Ibic Heir left of the chict Family of the Normans ; and not con- tent with the Appellation of Count, or Ouke, rook upon himlelf the Title of King of Italy and Steih. Bur the Roman Pontiffs by iin means a|ipioving his Title of King of Italy, hc dilcontinucd ir, and airunied thole of King at' Sicily, Duke of Apulia, and Prince of 0/ /.>ua He now turned his Thoughts to the enlarging his Dominions, and, to that purpolc, with a confidera'jle Fleet, invaded thole I'.irts o) liarhary oppofuc to Sicily, where meeting with great Succcls, Heiuiu (,ve'T'"'P<'>iii Aud Africa (a Town Id called) iogether with Sfax ami rji riacii in (Japcs , wcrc in a Ihort time liirrcndcrcd to him, and the King of ^I'mhhlijUmh '^""'^ became his Tributary. When hc had alii) rcikiccd the Illaiid (ortu. N( Corfu, and taken the Cities of /A^'^^'j and Corinth, with the Illind of Negroponte, he adilled /->flft/.f VII oi France, engaged in the Ho ly War, and relcued him out of the Hands of the Saracens, giviiig the Infidels a great Ovcrrhrow at Sea, as well as the (Jreeks, who were alio at ill Terms with the French. Leaving Louis at 'Joppa, he laile, Ami thought lit to withdraw, .".nd rcrurn to Sicily, wJicre dyiim, he kit \„n luiiee.h "IS Soil li illiam King ot that Illand Siiu\ Aaplej, who getting to- \\ilii,i!ii /.i<:ri gcthcr a numerous Hcer, proceeded xo Aigypt againll the Saracciih !i,''/''/"!i'?'//;, ^"'^ ^^*^^ Icvcral Towns on that and the neighbouring Coalls, pitti (,ici 1,111 ;/fi/. s ciiluly iiKce'i'i/ri of Hiij',11, atiil the Dulie ..j Apulu. R(>};cr, ihe Son nf K(i;',ci takei on lim the Style ../■ Km: of Inly aiiil Sully. A. \y 11 IV giopont, 'I'hrhcs aihl CorlMlli. / Ifeflitally a fl/l, l.l'VVIS //jf Villi' «/ ticularly the dcrcd. Ash Emperor's Fh Numbers, toe triumphantly He was lui tcr whom rci pcror llemy married the ly; ill whole (.'hark's, Cot vdliturc of it But the ot reigned in Ei ai^Mormandy nukedom, vvl do 111 of Engli uith which la ini; Ibttcl to with it the C become the lai treated in ano Of ik Nave liuu of tb Cam bray , WK h.n'e the ikii Ocvaftaiioiis /;' arc not ignorai Vc.irs iKliire, i pK' into tli.u C full Naval I'.Wl l^aiiill the IV-o ill Icvcral Skirr betake rliemtcl r<\'])'iijtt\ in t Chartcs the (ii on purpolc lor after which the telicd the / 'cih tioiis as iiir as ( Aierflioii to r ■villi them, ihj i Chap. 1\'. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 191 ticularly the flroiig City ot./4cre, or 'Ptolemais, which hcjplim- dcrcd. As he was rcniriiing from thence, he fell in with the Creek Eiupcror's Fleet, which he engaged, and, tho' very much inferior in Numbers, took a hundred and Hfry of their Ships, and then failed triumphantly to Sicily. Ho was iiiccecdcd by his Son fVilUam, fiirnamcd the Good, al- ter whom rciuned Tauocd, and another Roger, and then the Em- xKwr Henry y\, who, by tlic Procnrcmcnt of Pope (Jclejiin HI, married the I'linccis (.'.onjlantta, the Hcirels of the Norman Fami- ly; ill whole Line the Kingdom continued till the Year 1166, when ('.harks. Count oi Aiijoii and Provence^ having received the In- vclliturc of it from the Pope, dilpofTels'd them. But the other Race oi Normans , which, as we have obferved, rcit;Hcd in England, was of much longer Duration. Robert Duke oi Normandy left Jl'iliiam his natural Son to liiccced in that Dukedom, who alpiring at greater things, (no lefs than the King- dom of A'«^/rf«^y' embarked his Army on board a numerous Fleet, with which tailing to 'Vcvcnfey in Sujjex, he there landed, and giv- jiit'J5attcl to Harold wc^x Hajt'tngs , gained an entire Vidlory, and with it the Crown ; ib that the Affairs of this Branch being now bcLoiTic the lame as thofc of England, they may be more properly rrcacd in another Place. U'illi.im //;* ilooil Juc^etdt, and afier him 'r.ilicicd and Roger, and then thiliinpi- ror Henry VI. Charles CoMWf <)/ AiijouiCinf o}' Sicily, William fiic- ceedi Robcit Duke o/ Nor- liuiuly, and conquert Elig- laiiJ. C n A r>. IV. Of the Navnl /J^nrs of the Venetians, from the Fottnda- tioii of their Re pith Ink, to the Time of the League of Cambray ; and oj their DofHiuion of the Adriatick Sea. WE h.wc already, in the firfl Book of this Work, mentioned the i?iii!ding of I'cnicc to have been upon occafion of the Ocvartaiinns /Iftila, King of rhc I Inns, nude in Italy, though wc arc not igiiDijiit that ibme cflccm its Foundation to have been Ibme Years hcfiiro, upon the more early Irruptions of the barbarous Pco- pk' into thai Country. However that Matter may be, wc find the iiiil Naval Kflbrt of rhc I'cnctians, after their Settlement, was a- gaiiilt tlic People of Ijlr'ta and T)dl>/iatia, whom having worfVed i/-. Venetians in k'vcral Skirtnilhes at Sea, they forced to quit that Element, and '''''"" '^» 1- bctakc rliemtclves u holly to the Land. They defeated the People n'jj'il^jt-fn'^ ^i'TriiJtc, in the Waters ai' C'aorli; and put to llight "Pipin Son of fm to ftigi'i CJhirUs the (iiear, with a Ibrt of light and nimble VeHcIs they built '''P'" ' '■'"'• on purpolc lor the Slioals at the bottom of i\,c yJdriafick. Soon after which the People of Narcnza, in '^Dalmatta, very much in- ti'llcd the I'cnetuins at Sea, and extended their piratical Depreda- tions as far as Cttorle ; inloiiuich that Ur/ns 'J'artuiacus, upon his A. D, F64. Acccniiin to the Ducal Dignity, thought fit to come to a Treaty with them, that he might be more at leili-rc to make head againft the m '1 Ptimp'^ Ml i^'l i 1 i^" nil ':!; ; ''1 -1 Rn'iillfMBw! •i^-; Hi »l I ; • y ■■1 m I > 8 Naval TranfaSwns fince the Book III. •It! i^- Irfifi P;>rti- >:.,Kiis (lcl,\ii A, U. iiS: 7heD\:f '".,111- diainiN //ij/;« iy /if Na- rtivi.ir.;. the Saracens ; who laihng with their Fleet up the j^driatick to Qrado^ he forced them to retire from thence, and purluing them as tar as the Gulph oiTurantOy there came to an Engagement with them, wherein he gave them a fignal G.erthrcw. The AWe/izm, being ufed to a piratical Life, could not long continue quicr, but at- tacked the People of JJfriaj in Alliance with the Republick, who thereupon lent a Squadron of thirty Gallies to their Afllftaucc; with which the Doge engaging the Marenzans , he entirely defeated them. It was not long however e'er they put to Sea again, and with a ftrong Squadron ranging about x\\z Adriatic k, Voter Candia nitSy who was then Doge, lailed in quell of them with twelve Gal- lics, and engaging them on the Coafts of TJalmatia, obtained the Advantage in the beginning of the Fight ; but they being on their own Coafts, and receiving continual Supplies from thence, he was obliged to yield to liipcrior Numbers, and at length loft the Battel, with his Life. This Vidtory lb encouraged the Enemy, that they advanced to the Ciry 'Iclti and threarcn'd the Vene(}.ins to lire it about their Ears : but the Doge, Tron, befides all oiiicr neccflary Care to prevent their Approach, lecured the Entrance of the Pon with a ftrong Boom. Scarce were there ever any People at one time in>'oIvcd in fo ma- ny Difficulties as were now the Venetians^ being on Oko fidcinfefted by x.\\z Narcnzansy oi, another by ihc Saracens^ hoih ofyE^j^; and Barbary^ who v. ere every now and then airac.''.:i'/ them with their powerful Fleets. But a more tormidabl;^ Enerry .iian any of thelc were the Hunns and Avarians, who, uij<.up.>, ^hemfelves into one Body, were now firft called Hungarians, ion marching down, through the Falteltne, into Lombardy^ laid WJiftc ' Country ; and War xvhh the haviug dcfcatcd an Army of fifteen choufai r] Mcrv . idcr Kingi?^ rengarins, took their way ww^xd Vi:;u:;i , with JcMgn lo enrich themfelves with the Spoils of that Ci^y. To this (.uirpofe they pro- vided thcmfcl.v. uf a vaft Number of Boats, which they riadeof Wicker covered vvui FT; k , and putting ofTfrom the Shore, leizcd upon fevcral of the Muids ar ong the Shoals, reduced Citta Nuovt in Iftna, w ch Chic :■.-■.». -vm-- other Towns ; \v6> having greatly in- crealcd their Strength by the Addition of abundance of VciTcIs they took at thofc Places, relblvcd next to attack Rialto itfcif The Doge, with incredible Diligence and Induftry, manned all the Ships and Boats which could be got together, to refift thefe numerous In- vaders, whole Fleet covered the whole Space between th? City and the Shore, and vigoroufly attacking them, gave them io total a De- feat, that the lew Remains which clcaped being killed or drowned, fled with the utmoft Precipitation. This War being ended, the Narenzans, Vv'ho had come to an- other Treaty, loon took occafion to break it, and feizing on all the Merchant Ships they could meet with, forced the Venetians to de- clare War againft them, the Condudt of which being committed to the Doge, ^rjiis Bodoaro, who fiicceeded Tron, the Narenzans a- gain lued for Peace, which they obtained upon Condition of mak ing goc-l all the Damages the Venetians had fuftained by their Dc- ' prcdation';. !lun|;.ui4ns. Chap. I V. Ruinof th e^om. Empire, 199 predations. Soon after this, the People ofl/iria having committed fome Violences upon rhcm, the Venetians attacked and defeated them al- io- and now becoming fcnfible of their own Strength, leized the City of Capo ctljlria ; and , on the other fide of them, laid ficge i*«Venetians toComacchto, vvhofc Inhabitants at length furrendcring, they rcceiv- ^nuu^^i" cd their Subminion, upon promilc they would continue in peaceable comacchio. Subjedion to them : And theie were the firft Steps the Venetians made toward extending their Conquefts alhore. Some time after this Teter Vrpolus coming to the Ducal Chair, A. D. 990. the Venetian Affairs received great Advantages from his prudent Go- vcrnnienr. The firft tning he began his Adminiftration with, was die lending an Embafly to BafUitUy and his Brother Alexius^ (by others called ConftantineJ who were joint Emperors of Omjianil- itoPk; to dcfirc that the Venetian Merchants throughout their Do- minions might be exempted from paying any Duties or Cuftoms by Sea or Land. This it would have been a Iname to have denied to that People to whom all Chrillcndom had lb many Obligations, and therefore it was accordingly granted ; which not only proved vfy beneficial to the Venetians in their private Capacity, as a trading People, but alio mightily increafed their Credit and Reputation a- mong foreign Nations. There was one thing which the Doge thought lay very hard upon the Rcpublick. The Venetians, as wc have al- ready lecn, had had Icveral Diiputrs with the Narenzans abour the Mafterfhip of the Adriatick ; for the Narenzans, upon account of their long Poflcflion of ir, pleaded an hereditary Right, and, in fup- port of their Pretenfions, had Ibmetimes made the Venetians their Tributaries. Vrfeolm thinking this Diflionour no longer fuflerable, relblved to break with the Narenzans^ and entirely rid his Coun- try of that Enemy. While he was making Preparations for this pur- it-.,, with tht pofe, frequent Complaints came from 'Dalmatia of the Injuries the Narenzans. Narenzans did to the People in thole Parts ; whole Agents refid- iiig with the Rcpublick, made Remonftrances, letting forth, that, if they would but lend a good Fleet againft the Narenzans^ and de- liver the Coafts from the Robberies and OpprelTions of that People, ..II Ijtria, Morlachia, and T)alntatia, and the whole Country from one end of the Adriatick to the other, would willingly iiibmit rr their Obedience, ^rfeolm, highly plealbd with thele Offers, an io glorious an Opportunity of enlarging the Venetian Tcrritorif got ready a numerous Fleer, and letting fail from Malamocco, pro- ceeded to Aquileia, where having received a confecrated Banner fir' .» the Patriarch of that Place, he proceeded over to the Coaft oHftrta, and coming before 'Parenzo, made Preparations for bcfieging ir but was loon prevented by the Bifliop of that Place his coming out, and, Urfcolm n- in the Name of the Inhabitants, making a formal Surrender of it. diMiVntma From thence he proceeded to Tola, on the lame Coaft, whole In- liabitaiirs following the Example of 'Parenzo, the People of all the ncighbouriii;^ Cities lent Deputies thither to the Doge, with Of- fers of their Lives and Fortunes to the Service of the Rcpublick. III'.; I'Qla. 'Kiic Days being fpcnt at this Place in giving Audictice to the ft- ri m ^m ..•^'':;?j .Ih' ''.ill veiu m i ' \'*. * J ' ■ m^^fm mi 200 NavalTranfaBlons fwcc the Book 111. | Chap-T vcral Deputies, and receiving the Ships, Soldiers, and Seamen which they voluntarily Tent to join the Fleer, the Doge made lail to the Southward, and loon came upon theCoafts of the Naretiz,ans\ who were all fo Ihrprized with this great Turn of Affairs, and by the Prelence of the Doge, that Deputations prcdntly came to hiin from their rcfpc'-livc Towns with Propofals of Peace. Peace he did not rcfujc to grant them, but the Conditions were the Matter which ad- f^rrrwtf N'l mittcd of Difputc. At length he concluded a Treaty with them uo rcn/ans to ^, .. ~-_ ,, t^v. _ u /i _ ij i r. ... ^i.„ i? . •/■ ,• i fuimit. and takts Lefina and Ciitiola. on thclc Terms, " That they lliould obfervc the Excrcilc of the " Chriftian Religion with greater Stridlncfs than they had uicd to " do, compenlate to the P'enctians all the Damages they had done " them, and pay the Charges of the War ; that they lliould not " exad any Tribute for the future from the Ships lailing in the//. " driaticky nor any longer continue to pradiilc Piracy." To all which the Narenzans, tno' with much Reludlance, were forced to agree. There were now only remaining to be reduced the two Illand^ Curzola and Lefina, whole Inhabitants would gladly have accepted Peace upon the lame Terms, but were told by the Doge that their Cale was different from that of the other People, and that their Fate ihould be decided by the Sword. For thefe two Iflands lying about the mid- way down the Adriatic k^ no Ships could well go in or out, or navigate any where in that Sea, without being expofed to the De- predations of their Inhabir its : So that the Doge had rcfolvcd, for the Security of Trade and Navigation , and of the neighbouring People, to deilroy the Cities of both thofe Iflands. Lejina he at- tacked firft, and immediately made himfelf Mailer of the Port ; as for the City, it being veil fortified both by Art and Nature, the Townfmen rclblvcd to n. .uc a vigorous Defence ; but the Walls be- ing loon cleared of the Defendants by the continual Showers of .It- rows both from the Ships and the Troops on lliore, the Venetians Icaled the Walls of the Citadel, which the Enemy chiefly truftcdto, and prclcntly entered the Place ; the Doge giving Orders to ipatc fuch as threw down their Arms, but to kill all who made Rcfiftancc. Then having levelled the Town and Citadel with the Ground, he went over to Curzola, and having done the like there, proceeded to attack Ragufa. But the S»ihop of that Place coming out to the Doge, prefented him with the Keys of the City, and bcfccching him, by the Crofter Ik bore in his Hand, and the Mitre on his Head, to fpare the Lives and Fortunes of the Citirens, who by him made their humble Submillion, they were pardoned, and received into the Protedion of the Republick. 'Vrfeolus having thus happily liic- ceeded in this Expedition, returned to Venice, where, in a full Se- nate, having made au Oration, letting forth his Services, and that he had reduced to their Obedience all theCoafts oiljiria andW- matiay as far as the Frontiers of Albania, he was unanimoully ia- luted Duke oi T>almatia, and from, that time the Doges of Venta have always alTuroed that Title. At the fame "-irac came Ambadi- dors from all the Princes and States of the neighbouring Countries, to give the Republick their ThanJsS for freeing the Sea from the Pi racici ookIIL I Chap. IV. Ruinof the Kom, Empire. 20I racics and Robberies with which it had, for fome Ages paft, been infcftcd, and rcftoring the Safety and Security of Commerce. And thus ended the War with the Narcnzans^ after it had held, ^vith various Succcls, for about a hundred and fcventy Years ; for lb Jong, according to SabcUkuSy did the Venetians and that People contend for the Dominion of the Adriutkk. Their City was of ve- rht o.mm cj rv ancient Orii2,inaI, and they thcnifelves the true Dcfcendants of the ''" ''''■'•^"- old Illy '""'^y ^^'ho, under their Cluccn Jeutay tor lomc tune alTcrt- ,hcir pyt,,n- cd their Rights on th:\t Sea againll the Power of the Romans: and /""""' 'i" rhcy arc reckoned up bj' Ttolemy among rhe People oi'Dalmatia, and 'J Adul'iick. nliccd above the Sinus RbtzonicttSy upon the River Naron, at the Mouth cf which ftands the City Narenza^ ox Narona^ as it was anciently called. Taking Advantage of the favourable Situation of their City, they ufcd, from very ancient Times, to exad: a Duty or Tax from all Ships which navigated the Adriatick Sea ; which if any rcfufed to pay, they were prelcntly treated as Enemies. This all the neighbouring People looked upon as a downright Robbery, and joined in a Complaint againft them to the Senate and People of Rome^ as we have before related. And when the Romans lent their Arabafladors to Teuta concerning this Affair, flie defended this Right of her People's by ancient Cuftoni. It mult be confcffcd, indeed, that, whilft the Roman Power prevailed, the Excrcilc of this Right was intcrmpted for fcveral Ages : For it fcemcd ro be beneath the Dignity of rhe Romans^ amidft a Series of iiich glorious Vidtories, to iloop to the exading Toll-Money from Merchant Shi[' ijut at the DifTolution of that Empire, the Inhabitants relumcu tuz old Trade of their Anceftors, and revived their Pretenfions to thole Rights. After which, when the Venetian Rcpublick began to flou- riih, the Narenzans and they, becoming Rivals to each other at Sea, entered into frequent Difputes about this Duty, which fome- tiraes the Narenzans forced the Venetians ro agree to the Payment of, and tit other times confented to remit it to them; and the Vene- tians one while would plealc to pay it, and at another ablblutely refulc ir, till at length becoming more powerful, they entirely crulh- cd the Narenzansy and reduced thorn to their Obedience. For fomc time after which, there was no mention made of the Exercifc of a- ny Dominion in that Sea : But when the Affairs of the Venetians Thc\ cvxmv.s htMu\Kk. on being made to them on that behalf For being not only arrived to a very confiderablc Power, but being alio very high in the Fa- vour of all the People bordering on the Adriatick, upor\ account of their great SuccefTes againft the Saracens, that Right they had ac- t]uired by force of Arms received a Confirmation from the genera! Confcnt and Authority of the neighbouring Nations : Aid lb that Curtom being continued, which was fupported by iiich jiift Preten- fions, in procels of Time it obtained the Validity and I'orce of a tiill and ample Right. Tho, at length, when People began to be rid of their Fears of the Saracens, there were not wanting Ibme D d who M. m nm r< t'iJI ir-; : /..I '0 I " 202 NavalTranfaB'tons fmccthc Book III. ^ Chap. I *who prcrciulcd to make Exceptions againft this Jurifdidion : And then the Affair bcgau to be cauvafTed not only among the Vulgar, •but it alio became a Dilpiite among the Learned, and particularly the Civilians, who argued the Cafe in fcveral Trcatiics written there. upon. Dur that fide always gor the better which afTcrtcd to the^f. uctiaus the Domuiion and PoHcnion of t\\Q/ldriatiik Sea, and the Right of cxcrcifing Sovereignty therein : lb that the Venetians now a days, kipporr their Pretenfions, not only by pleading their Title derived by Right of War from the Narenzans^ and byCu. ftom, founded upon mort equitable Realbns, and confirmed by the Conlcnt of Chnrtendom ; but alio by the declared Opinions of the Learned in the Laws, and the Authority of Calcs adjudged. In this manner it is that the learned Dr. Ryvcs deduces the Right of the Venetians to the Dominion of the Gulph of Venice^ which having thus made good, he takes occafion to dilcufs that Qiicftion lb much controverted in his Time, Whether the Sea be capable ot Dominion, or not? In which Difcourl'e having fully proved the Affirmative by Icvcral curious Arguments, mofl of them unthou-ht of by aiiy but hirafclf, I judged it might be incxcufablc in rac ihould \ not aflord Place in this Hiftory to lb great an Ornament. j)r Ryves/;if ^^ f*"" thofc, fays he, who afTert that the Sea is uncapablcof Anumtnti to Domiuion, and having particular Proprietors, they forget that Law given by God himfclf, at the Creation of the World, Have Dm- nion over the F'tft) of the Sea. It will not be denied then, I lup. pofc, but that we may have Dominion over the Fifh ; but why not alfb over the Sea which contains them ? For if thcfe Words do not impart to us a Right to the Sea, neither do thofc which follow give us any to the Air we breathe in, or the Earth we walk tlpon. Have 'Dominiotiy fays the Creator, over the Fiflj of the Sea, and over the Fo-jl'I of the Airy and over every living thing that moveth upon the Earth Now no body can doubt but that God, by the the Delivery of thefc things to us, did, as it were by putting the Keys into our Hands, give us the Polfeffion of this earthly Habi- tation. That the Land is fubjcdt to private Dominion, and capable of having particular Proprietors, wc all very well know : Now the Land anil Watn make but one Globe, and one and the fame Point ol ihc Univerlc ; therefore if the Land be capable of Dominion, io alfb is the Sea ; for that w hieh is one and the fame thing cannot be imagined to be fubjcd to different Right,;. Nor is it any thing tfl the purpolc what (iiotius lays of the fluid Nature of the Sea; tbi I'lunun [a River, or, as we often cxmcis it in I'uttry, a HoodJ is derived a fluendoy from flowiii;>, or being iluid, and yet whoever pretended to deny that Rivers were capable of Dominion, both publick and private ? But Grot ills pretends that, hy reafon of this floiving Condit'm cf the Seuy it cannot admit of having Boundaries and "Vartiimi in it. Mull wc then pronounce Trocopim a Fool for telling us, in KiipePajfaro. his Hiftory of the Goths., that a Line drawn from the ' Promontory >> Malta. TachinitSy in Sici/y, to the Ifland of ^Melita parts the Tyrrhene from prove ihjt tie Sea niijy be hell III Doini tiion. Chap. 1 V. Ruin of the Rom. Empire, 203 the * Adrutick Sc:i ? Miilt \vc call 'Ptolemy^ and th" whole Triijc ot'Gcoiiiraphcrs Blockhcatis for dcmoiiftratini^ to us, as they have „' rli.ir bv means of Lines drawn from the Centre of the Earth clone, tli-ir ''V means to the Oib of the fix'd Stars, the Sea as well as Land may be accu- rarcly paitcd and divided ? For thole Lines perform the Ihmc Of- fice to rhe Learned in dividuig and markiiv^ out the different Quar- ters ami Situations of the Earth and Watt , as Pales, Fences Dit- ches and Land marks do to the illiterate farmer in letting out the Limits of his Grounds. Pope Alcxatidcr VI, when he was made Arbitrator of the Difference between the Spaniards and 'Fortuguejbi about the new Dilcoveries in India and America, did not divide thole Countries between them by any lioundaries on the Land, but by a Line drawn crois the Sea : I do not /ay what Right he had lo to i!o, (for 'tis plain he liad none) but inlhnce it only as a Mark of his Ingenuity, which, cvciy body muft own, was very conlpi- ciious in this Particular. And, in former times, until it >ame other- wile to be provided for in Treaties, by particulariziiis', the Limits within which, and Time when liich Treaties Ihould take cffelt.l, etJea to tht Sirei^liis i)/ Gibraltar, « i Ddi the 204 IN aval Traiifatltons fuicc the Book 111. H r^j^p iv] ll. '! U'.'' the Hand of Man^ but only by n fuut aji'ic k imag: nary Line: (mcau. ing the Ibrcmcntion'il Boundary made hy Pope Alexander^ whitli was a Meridian line five Degrees Well of \\\c Cape ycrde Iflands;) yet thcic Lines Grotiits lb conrcmptibly calls hHa^htary, arc thole tor the Invention, or, at Icaft, Perfcdlion of which •i'tolcmy (b Jj. icrvcdly values himl'clf, and proves, beyond coutradidion, that this way of alccrtaiuing the Extent of Dominions and Countries, and iticaliiring the whole Surface of the Land and Water, by Parallels of I^atitude and Meridians of Longitude, is infinircly better and more certain tiian any other. Nor need \vc be under any Apprchcnlion, as (jrotitts pretends to bo, that // iz'C admit of/uch inventions^ tk Geometricians may [teal a'-Ji'ay the Earth from us : For, far from that, 'tis well known that, by thelnve"htion of their Arr, every Mjn's Property in /hgypt was firlt Iccured to him ; for the Ovcrllowing of tlieiV//^ laying the Country under Water, and leaving it covered with Mud, it was only by the help of Geometry that each Pcrjon knew the Extent ot his own Lands. And as little occafion have we to fear, what he feigns to do, that the Ajlronomcrs Jhonld nk us of the Heavens; fmcc even that Axis iticif by which they arc fuftaincd, and round which they turn, is nothing elfe but an imagiiury Line drawn through the Centre to both the Poles of the World, and the pure Contrivance of the Aftronomcrs for (blving to us the I'hi. nomcua of Nature. What Obftinacy is it then to flight thole Boun- daries which have been lb nobly and ufefully invented, and pretend, in the Depths of the Sea, to look tor Limits placed by the Hand of Man; and by i'uch fophiftical Qintks to pave a Way for War andDc- ftrudion throughout the World ! But Grotius will have it that the Sea is Res communis, a thinji comnun to all, and therefore cannot be challenged by any one as his 'Property or Tojfeffion. And is not the Earth the common Parent of us all ; and yet do wc not dig it, and plow ir, and contend a- bout every Foot of it, and call it Meiim and Tuum, and that, as I hope, without Offence ? Why then tliould wc not do the lame by the Sea ? For, how common Ibcver they would have it, it was not, furely, at full more fo than the Earth and Air ; for the Earth, Air, and Water were ever reckoned, in the State of Nature, to be c- qually common. And iccing our Antagonifts, who have entered in- to this Difpute, have not I'crupled to bring for Authorities Pafljges out of the Poets, there is no reafon why I Ihould not be allowed the lame Liberty. That at firft the Land was common to all, I lliall produce the Teftimony of the divine Virgil, who, in his Georgicsy fays, Ante Jovem nulli ftibigebant Hrva coloni: Nee Jignare quidem, aut farttri limite campnm Fas erat. — E'er this no Teafant vex'd the peaceful Ground, jyhich only Turfs and Greens for Altars found : No Mo I''eiict\ Bat all Aii.I ro the ;h;u after Sdn\ lirll bckiaii the I CntntHUUc. Qiiutits h\ Then Lai\ For all bt\ AiiJ Horace, y AW; prop Ncc mc\ n For Natut The profe From all which Property, and T human luditutio and cnnimnii ro he taken PofTclI i\iul particular P( (lillmgiiilhcd inti Mankinil, or Vi Sea be liable to make it lei's cap; It yen auiWcr, i arc juft one as ( of all kind of 1 qucntly fubjcd 1 Nor docs it fi /iw/.f, an ancicn mm., that only ( ccntmis has lb I he has laid ir, I to find. Bur, g pole ? Arc wc hor than 'Placi IS alfi the Fori and (peak righrl on this Eartii, Chap. IV. Ruiti of the Rom. Empire. No Fences parted Fields ; nor Afarks, nor Bounds T)ijiin^^uijh'd Acns of litigious Cirounds : But all "H'ds common. Mr. Drydcu. An.l fo the fiunc pnrpolc, Ovid, in liis MctamorphofeSy tells us, ;h.it afrcr Saturn was dcthroncil, anil 'yupiter came to reign, then firll bci^aii the Claims of Right, and particular PoirJlion of Things, Communcmffuc prius,, feu luniina folis ^ aura^ Caufiis hitmum lougo fignavit Itmtte mcnjbr. Then Land marks limited to each bis Right , For till before \ias common as the Light. And Horace, yet more exprelTly, lays, Mr Dry den. Nam propria tcllnris heriim natura neqite illumy Ncc me, nee quetnqnam jtatuit. For Nature doth ttt)t him, or mc, create 'The prober Lord of fuch and Jitch EJlate. Mr. Creech. From all which it is plain that the Earth's being capable of 'diftindl Property, and PofTeftion, does not proceed from Nature, but is of Iniman luftitiition. If therefore the Land, which was at firft free and cnmmnn to all, and divided by no Limits or Boundaries, might lie taken PofTcdion of and acquired, both by Numbers of People, ;ind p;irticiilir Perlbns for their Ul'e, and be let out, diftribured, and (lillmgiiiibcd into different Parts and Parcels, without any Injury to Mankind, or Violence to the Law of Nations, why may not the Sea be liable to the fame Rights ? Or what has it in its Nature to make it Ids capable of being acquired and pofTcncd than the Land? It yen anl'wcr, its Community; I have fliewn that the Land and Sea arc juft one as common as the other, and yet the Land is capable of all kind of Dominion and PoircflTion ; lb that the Sea is confc- qucnrly fubjcdt to the fame Rights. Nor docs it fignify any thing, what Grot ins urges, that Tlacen- thiH!, an ancient Author, has laid, the Sea is fo much a thing Com- nou, that only God him/elf is Lord of it. For, firft, whether Tla- ceiitums has lb laid or not, is altogether uncertain to mc ; for where Ik has laid ir, I have not been able, with all the Search I could make, to find. But, grant he has laid To, what does it make to the pur- polo y Arc wc not told by a much more ancient and greater Au- 'lor than 'Placcntiniis, even the Plalmift David, that the Earth I! (life the Lord's, und the Fulnefs thereof "i If we would think and Ipcak rightly, we are but Tenants, and Inhabitants at will up- on this Earth, or rather only Guefts and Strangers in it ; and ycf, never- 205 ■ «' • ■I if '^M IMAGE FVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^- ^'^4l^ .V* Js y. < ^^ '<^ 1.0 1.1 lit 122 1 2.2 ■a u us. 2.0 11.25 i 1.4 liiSi .c? 7i J^ •^V.^ « .^'^ Hmtographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) •7i-4S03 2o6 Naval TranfaSions fince the Book III. Dcverthelefs, if wc poflels ever (b fmall a Ipot of it, we arc called Lords of our Lands ; why may we nor, therefore, as well bt called Lords of the Sea, if any part of it be in our PoHenion ? Bur Grotius allcdges that Joannes Faber, a learned Coniraenta- tor upon the Civil Law, aflerts, that the Sea is left in its fir fi and frimttive Right and State., wherein all things -were common. The Princes and Potentates of the World have taken mighty care of that indeed ! But let us fuppofe, with him, that when, of old time, the Land was feizcd and occupied to the ule of particular Perlbns, the Sea was left in common, and exempted from private Poffcflion ; I would fain know by what Law ? by what Decree of Mankind? Or, (fince we muft have recourfe to the Equity of the Law of Na- tions) by the Edi(5lof what univcrfal Judge was it fo ordained? For it none of all thcfe can be produced for fupport of that Aflcrtioo, what docs it fignify that one learned Man has taken it into his Head to fay lb ? Very much., Grotius will fay : For hoii.\, in the Sca{\[z will ask) can there be that corporis ad corpus adjundio, that join- ing of Body to Body, which is necejfary to make Entry on, or takt Seifin of any thing, and without which no 'Dominion can am- vtence? I am no Conjurer at Riddles, but, as I take ir, Grot'm (having a View to the Etymology of the word ToJJ'eJfio, which fomc derive a pedis fofitione, from treading with the Foot) means to ask us how we can tread with our Feet upon the Sea, to take PolTedioD, and commence our Dominion of it. If that be his Meaning, that learned Man might have found what he looks for in the Lake of Gennefareth, where, we know, thar, of old, both our Saviour Chrift, and St. 'Peter did tread with their Feet, and walk upon it. But, not to infift upon that, have not the Euxine, or Black Sea, the Sea of Marmora, the Streights oiCaffa, and Conjiantinople, and the Bar danelles, been very often fo frozen, that they might be trod, walk- ed, and trampled upon as well as the Land ? You will lay they arc all within the Mediterranean : I own it. Bur what will you fay of the great Northern Ocean, which the Ancients called Mare Cn- nium and Glaciale, the frozen Sea, and we Moderns know very often to be fo ? Now if the Ocean may be frozen up, it may alio be traiapled upon, and bear the Tread, not only of the Foot of Man, but of the Hoofs of Horfes, and fuftain the Weight of Car riages, as well ^3 thole Streights and inland Seas ; from whence it follows that it is alfo capable of being pofTcfTed : For, I fuppofe, it will not be pretended that the Ocean, when it freezes, ceales to be the Ocean. But now, to come to the liquid unfrozen Ocean ; why, I pray, will nor that alfo bear the pedis pojitio, and the cor- poris ad corpus adjunEiio, the treading of the Foot, and the joining Body to BoiJy, that is to fay, the being taken PofTefrion of? Foril I ain upon the Deck of a Ship failing in the Sea, it cannot be de- nied but that I am upon the Sea ; if it were, you might as well fay that, when I am on Horlcback, I am not upon the Earth. And if you would alledge that, then you might, by the fame Rule af- firm, that, if I go with my Shoes on and tread on my Land, I ^ have done nothing towards taking PolTeflion, not ever be reckoned to Book III. H Chap. I V. Ruin af theRom. Empire. 207 to have joined Body to Body, unlets I walk barefoot upon if, when I ^jkc Entry thereon : And how ridiculous an Aflertion that would be, every body is a Jud^c. But the Poet Ovid fays even of the Sc'aMonfler which was lent hy A^mon to Acvoxa Judrmeday that iicpgfefed the Sea which was under him. . — -Venien/^ne immenfo bellua fonto Imm'tneti ^ latum fub pe^ore poflidet aquor. — Flouncing o'er the Main the Monjier comes, ofid "duith his ample Train A jpacious Sea beneath him does pofTcls. And I don't fee why a Ship itfclf, or the Mafter, who is as it were, an animating Form to it, may not be faid to pofTcfs the Sea which is under \c. But if that Ihould fecm a little forced, and too far fetched, yet nothing can be plainer than what is faid by 1)ada- ks, in the fame Poet, Terras licet, inquit, © undas Objiruat : at caelum certt patet : ibimus ilfac -• Omnia poflldcat : non pojjidet aera Minos. The Land and Sea tho' Minos does poflcfs 5 The Air is free ; and thence Vll feck redrefs. So that if Minos, of old, could poflcls the Sea as well as Land, what Ihould hinder but that the Princes and States of our Times may ufc the fame Right, and poflels their Seas alio ? Or what, af- ter all, is that way of arguing a notatione nominis, from the Ety- mology of Words, which fome People fo much boaft of? To me it appears not only to be very often deceitful, but always very weak, and mod commonly vCry ridiculous ; and is nothing but a mere tri- fliog with Words and Syllables. For if there be tio PolTeffion with- out the pedis pofitioy the treading with the Foot, pray how comes it to pals that the Grsek Language, which is (b rich and fruitful in the Derivation and Compofition of Words, has found no Term an- Iwerablc to that Etymology oi fojfefpo? Certainly Theophilus, that learned La»vyer, who tranflated Jujiinian's Inftitutes into Greeki never once renders pojffeffio by -sroieV ^ia-ig, treading with the Foot, but always by vojiii, a Word which, in its firft Signification, means Didribution, Divifion, and acquiring by Partition, and has no man- ner of relation to treading with the Foot. Thus, longi temporis fojjijjioy he tranflates 1} x^iv^* t'e^"' ? ^^^ f "'^ poffidetur, -n w^y^ c n^ixM ; ret polffe.for, ve/*c'^@^ ; and laftly, bona fidei pojfefjiOi ^m^lh Hfiri. The Greeks alio ufc another Word for poffidere, to polTels, to wit fCjt.a-uS-cu, but neither has that any relation to tread- ing with the Foot. And who does not know that both vifitiv and i'MaS-M, in their ftridleft and propereft Scnfc, fignify to acquire any thins^? But bccaufe what wc acquite wc do moft commonly al- fo 2o8 Naval Tr an f dl'wm jincc the Hook III. ■ C\u lo pofTcls they arc applial ro cxprcls Imtli rholc Ai'-ts nl ;ianiiriiig and noffdling. Seeing thcrclorc rliat /////or, aiiH Dthcr I'nnccs could acquire the Dominion of the Sea, tlicyniay, wiili i^rcu I'to. nricty of Speech, be (aid alio to have poHiircd rhc Sci ii'klf. IJiit, as I take if, ihe main Strcis of the Dilpiite docs not lichcff, l)iir rather npf)n this Point, whether tliere l)e any lii« h <.'o>/n/jrniiim of the Sea, that is, whether it is capable of bcni^ lo ixiliaii^cil or transferred, that a Ki^lit, or Title, that is to lay, a Caulc of |ui|. ledin^',, may, by any Colour or Pretence, be pleaded ami iiuilcout to It. Which, why we lliould make any tlnubt of, I Ice no Kia. Ion; e(i)ccially if we have any manner of Regard lor tlie Pons Let us near tlierclbie, if you pleale, from /'//,^//, how Ncpiim,, one of the Sons of Saturn, King of CrctCy dctcnds his Kijjht i gainll /liolur., and in a mighty Heat affirms, Non itlt impcritim pcln^i., fcvumquc trtdcntcni, Scd mtbt l()rte datum, The Realms nfOcean and the l>'uldx of An- /Ire mine, not bis ; h fatal I ,ot to me The liquid Empire jell, and Indent oj the Sea. Mr. Drydcii So ihar, wcfind, theOomininn of the Sea (that of CW/r fiir exam- ple, or any other) could be given by Lot ; why may it nor there fore as well be made over by Donation, beqiicaihed by 'I'cll.iiiiciit, or transferr'd by any other Title from one to anothci ? I5iit tlidc, you'll lay, are Fables: I don't deny it. .Vet they liinicienily llicw that it is nor abliird, nor contrary to Kealon, to lay that the Scan capa!)lc of the (Jommercium, and tliit it may be |)olTcll"c(l, or made over, by virtue of a Title. Kor (.'ommerce is laitl to be of all tlinic things which can be applied to the l/le of Man, be liibjedt I toDn minion, be brought into Obligation, or be acquired and aliciiito!, all tilings of that Nature being liable to be transierred. Ami the Sea, as appears by the foregoing l'',xain|»le, being of that kiiul, no body can ileny but it is capable of Commerce alio. (Jrotius further (ays, that, by the Law of Nations, any our fci- fie has a ftii^ht to trade with any other 'which they can come ath the help of Shippin}^. This I can by no means agree to: lor (up- pofc any I'cople at this time (as we know Icvcral tlid of old, and that for very juft Caulcs) fhould prohibit all foreign Merchants from coming among them, may they, by the I, aw ol Natioii5, Ik torn- pelled, agaiim their Will, to atfmit them ? So iar from tliar, tint i- inong the Romans (who were certainly nor ignorant ol ilic l.a.vof Nations) if any Pcrfon came from a foreign Country, between wliich and them there was no Krieiullhip iu)r Treaty liibfilling, and wirli which I hey had no Intcrcoiirle, Inch Perloii immediately became a Slave, anci if any Roman fell into ih^ Hands of the I'ec.ple oCnny fiich other Country as beforemcntioncd, he was by the Rtiinan \m looked upon as their Slave, and excluded from the Ri.diis of ad • " ti/cii, ll/.CII, Book III. ■ Chap.1V. Rttin of the )kom. Empire. 20^ '-l^s ol aa|uitiii|i 1 other I'rinccs will) j^rciit I'to. Sim iililf. )cs not he hcff, i:h ( .'of/n/icnim 1(» cxi han^iil dr ;i Ciuilc of |ui|. '(I Jill I made (iin , I Ice no RiM 1 tor tlic l*o(ts , liow Ncptiiiii, ids Ins Right 1 w. Mr. Drydcii ■ (Jn'fr ftir exam- nay it nor tlictc •\\ by 'rcll.iiiiciii, titci V IJiir tilde, liifliciciiily llicw y that the Sea if ircllcd, or made be f)f all tlinic liibjcd I toDn [| aiul alieintcil, erred. And the )t that kind, no [/.r, fwy one 'Pel- tan com at i) |cc to : I' or dip- did of old, and 1 Merchants from atit)ii5, Ik com- [>iii that, tint a- 1 1 of the I.a'.vof l)Ctwc(:nwliicli illiim, aiithvidi liatcly became a [• l'e»ifJU * f- S In jjua: Tit- */> la/fttvisy (fJ pojltminto. Ir is not lawful thcrclbrc (or Strangers to i»o and vil'it any Coiinrry tlicy picaic, without the t'onlcnt of the Prince or I'ofTcdors of luc!> Country, neither tor the lake of Tr.ulinj^, nor on any other account whatfocvcr Now if it [)c not lawful, without our Conlcnr, to let foot hjkhi our Land, neither is it lii to lail in our Sea, nor even to breathe in our Air, wiilioiit our Conlcnt. I'or all thole thinns, tho' they are free and open to our Friends, Allies, and thole with whom we have Inter- loiitlc ; they are not lo to our Kncmies and to Strangers, except our Ixavc and Conicnt be (irft ol)taiiuxl : much tels is it allowable tor thciii to occupy our Coafls, to iky Nets, to rake Kilh in our Sea, or \k\% taken, to (alt or dry them U|)on our Shores, nnlcls it be lb Ili|)iilatc(l by li)nic Article of I'eace, or Treaty ol Agiecincnt. Who IS there that does not lee, therelbre, how miuli theic kind of Specciics The Si.a is free to Jiitl upon \ It is cotrnttott to alt ; // utniiol he comprized ■la.'ithin boundaries ; It is tn capable of-Domi' molt or Commerce ; It cannot be poJliU'edy and the like ; Who is there, I lay, that does not lee how much they relcmble the Sayings of the Levellers, who are for a Community in all things if they were not coined in the lame Mint? Asi^ by tiich Jefling, rather than Arf^iiniciit, the Venettans would lufFcr themlclves to he dilpofTeflTed of i\\c //dnatick Gulph, the King of ^/Jenmark of his Streight of ihc Sound, or our moll gracious Sovcrclfun of the Hritijh Seas, which they have lb long been in Ponfefiion of: Or, as if theIc were the iirll who claimed Domitn'on of certain Seas, and there were not Precedents of the like in all Ages. For the Cretans, Ly- ilims, Thraciaiis, /Ithrnians, LaccdtctMniaiis ^ Rhodians, 'Phvni- dans, /Hnyplians, Carthaninians, and very many others have in their Turns (as we have already lecii) one while held the Dominion of the Scu, and another lull; it again. And wholbevcr is poHcired nf the Dominion of a Sea docs poirci's every thing therein, in tiich manner as that it is not lawful for another, without his C\)nicnr, to meddle with any thing in liich Sea, nor come upon it, any more than it would be to do lb on the Land ; as is plain from the lioha- viourof all thole People in their Turns, and from many other In- llanccs ill this Hillory. So the Remans^ upon the Conclufion of the Iccoiid 'Puntc War, obliged the (Jarthat^intans to keep no more than luch a certain Number of Ships of War ; in which Circuinrtancc they 110 (ooiicr Ibund the Carthai^iniafis had once tranlgreireil, but they miuicdiatcly began a third War againll them, which ended not but; with the Dellmdlion of IJartbaj^e. In like mntuier they obliged /In- imliiHf King ot Syria, not to come on this fide the Promontory (.'aly- uiim with more than one Ship of War, and that only in calc of Iciulm^ Tribute or Ambafladors to Rome : By complying with which 'erim, that great Monarch of the Kail owned his Conquciors, the l\om,vi.t, to be no Ids Lords of the Sea than of the Land. I)ut ilicie tilings, you will lay, might perhaps be done in the Medtter- im\iii, wljereas in the Ocean the Cale is different. And yet the Iniprior Llnndiin lubducd the Ocean itfclf, as Seneca tells us \u e 111 :<;! 'I ,11? 2 1 o Naval Tra/ifaBions fincc the Book 111. in his A^ocolocyntbofis ^ whole Words I ihall let down ; , lUc Britannos Bald, ad 1.1. Tit. dc Rc- Tum divi- iione. 1)ltra noti littora ponti, ($ carukos Cute Brigatiteu dare RomtUcis coUa ctitinis- Jttjfity ^ i/>/um nova Roman a jura fecut is Tremere Oceauum. The Bricains feated on the diflant Main, And the Brigantcs 'xith their fainted Skins^ He forcd to yield to RomeV Imperial Totsfr ; Nor could the Ocean's felf efcape his Toaky But trembles JtiU at its ne'Ji; Lav^s end Majicrs. This is io full and plain, that it will be almoft nccdiefs for tr; to mention Conftantim Cblorus, the Father of Coujlaiiritie the Great, who, after his Vidory at Sea over the Frattcksj and his dc- ieating oiCarauJiuSy is laid by EudcmttSy in his Panegyrick upon him, to have added to the Empire another Element greater than the Earthy thereby meaning the Ocean. Not that i: is to be liip. pofed that, by this Succels, the univerlal Mafs of Waters, or the whole Atlanticky or the great Southern, and Eaftcrn Occnns, were iubje(!^ed to the Romans, (for much the greater part of them they knew nothing of) but only that Conftantiusy by liich a flgnal Vic- tory, had fubdued and made their own all that part of the Ocean bordering upon the Empire : For liich Exprcflions as thele in Au- thors are to be taken, as we fay, with Grains of Allowance. Not ifi even in the Gofpel itlclf, you read that there "Ji'ent out a 'De- cree from Cxlar Auguftus, that all the I For Id Jhould be taxed; arc you to underfland it of the Baiiriansy the Sogdiansy or 'Par- thiansy or any other People without the Pale of the Empire, but only of the Roman World. With what Right therefore Conjliint'im fiibjeded to the Roman Empire all that part of the Ocean on the Coafts of Africky Spain, Gaul, Gertnanyy and Britain, by the fame Right do the Kings of England, with rerpc(3: to the Britifh Seas, and the Kings of Denmark, with relpeii>it of A- was dcpolcd. Ami now the Vetietians turning their Arms towards y^*/, defeat- ed the 1'ifatis off Rhodes, took the City of Smtrna, laid waftc the Coafts of 'Phoenicia., lei/.i-d luiramida on the Coaft of JEgypt, and made themielves Maftcrs oiSidoji, Tyre, mnd'Pfo/etnais, finking and dcftroying great Numbers ol the Ships of the Infidels : For which good Services Baluz:;}n King oi Jerufalem, granted large Privile- ' ges to rhc Venetians Ibr their Trade in thole Countries. After this the 'Dalmatians rifmg in Kcbcllion, were reduced to Obedience, and Croatia annexed to the Republick, at which time the Dukes oiVt- nice added to their other Titles that of Prince of Croatia. Thcle SnccefTts were lollou ed by a memorable Expedition into Syria un- der 'Vorainiciis Michael, then Doge, who, with a Fleet of two hun- dred Sail, undertook to remove the Saracens from the Siege of 'Joppa, which he bravely elTedied, with the entire Deftrudtion of - their Fleet which lay before the Place. In his way home, laden with r.iccM vuu .u the Spoils of rhc Infidels, he took from the Emperor Emanuel, who /."!.',•"/'-.;» 1 - li^^ declared War againft him, the Iflauds of Scio, Samo, Mctelin, m.ii.u-1 Ski, y/ndri, and others, in i\\c Archipelago, and after ravaging the Coafts of Greece, returned triumphantly to Venice. 'Peter Polani fuccecding him in the Govcrnmenr, put his Brother and one of his Sons at rhc Flead of the Fleer, who not only defeat- iVAiiiPtius t^ Roger King of Sicily, but liibdued the Ifland of Corfu ; and War de)t.x! Ro~cr being now (declared againft Emmanuel, Emperor of Conjiantinofk, iy'^lv./^j .; *°'" f^l^i'ig forac Towns from them in 'Dalrnatia, they loon reco- take Con .. vcrcd Traw and Ragttfa, and liiddenly invading Scio again, totally reduced pullA, lilt IS a into the City, was met by the Pope, who congratulating him iipnii hisSucccls, prcfented him with a Gold Ring, laying, Take this Rin:^, and 'u!tth it bind the Sea to thee in Wedlock : 1 his you and Vrir Succtjfors Jhall do every Tear, that lateji 'Pojierity may know that sou have acquired the ^Dominion of this Sea by Riq^ht ofCoH- qiiiit, and that as the ll'ije is fubjeit to her Husband, Jo 14 that to the Rrpuhlick of Venice. And accordingly the Ceremony of marryiii;^ the Sea, by throwing in of a Gold Ring, is performed e- vtT) Year, with great Solemnity, on Alcenfion Day. Some time after this the People oi Zara rebelled agaiuft the l^e- nititins, w I10 no fooner approached the neighbouring Iflands, which had done the lame, than they liibmittcd again ; but that Place being well lortificd, and fupportcd by the Pirates of the Adriatick, main- tamed tht Wa againll them Ibmc Years, until a Fleet of forty five Sail being built u reduce them to Obedience, of which twenty five were Gallics, the reft Ships of Burthen> Renter Zeno, who was ap- pointtd to command them, repaired to 'Dalmatia, and at length tora /.ara to liirrendcr. About the lame time the People ot'Pifa hcwj, come to an open Rupture with the Venetians, liiddenly liirprized ?//rf, nCiiy oi' Iff ria, Irihurary to them ; whereupon they fitting out a Hccr of ten Giii'ics and fix Ships of Burthen, loon made thcm- Icives Malkrs of tiic Place, and burirt all the 'Pifan Ships which lay there. The Town being diiixiantlcd alio, that lo it might not any more prove a Recoptaclc for the Enemy, the Venetians pro- ceeded toJ\lodon, in order to meet with a Fleet of !/-*//^« Merchant Sii.ps there, thole which could cicapc from 'Fo/a having repaired thuhcr to protcdt rhcm ; and ofT that Place coming to an Engage- ment, they worrted the 'Pi/ans, and took two of the Merchant Ships. Now was the Reputation oi' the Veuctiatis arrived to a great height, and as on the one hand the French and Germans Ibllicited Ships ot them to tranfport their Troops to Syria, Co on the other Alexius Junior begged their Aid againft his Uncle Alexius, who had trca- cherouOy ulurped the Empire of the Eaft. They undertaking his Support, Icized Conflantinople, and burnt the Enemy's Ships "1 the Harbour; but finding theralelves neverthclcfs pcrfidi- oully treated by Alexius, they and tht French divided the Em- pire 213 I '■r:r ^'tal N'cilCtMIl Sf4. wi.« poll- nc i II7J. v/.\'i'ncii.in? If.tt llu I'lltt '•I I'rcvicrick lUrharolI'.i, ■tnii taKi hu V/; Othii. ll't /'o/r :i'»./f lilt Stit ti/ lilt Venetians. 7.,ua /) forced to fuhmit Id Venice. Jip.y ic.it tilt I'lUii';, a'lit ilifmautlt I'ul.i. Tht Aid cf Venice dtjtr- t.l liy ihe ItcikIi and Germans,. inii yjung Alexi- us. up J. fJli i'AcVciicn.iin 4.i(< Kretich linidi lilt Oreck l-m- firi, Tin Vencii- anj keai iht tienuclc ui and takt m.i ny PUcts. 2 1 + Naval Trafffaihom fincc the Book III. pirc between them, the latter having allotted to them Con- jtantinoplc^ RotHania., Macedoiita, and GVv/rr, and the others Candia , wjth all the Iflands of the Anhipeii^o and lonun Sea. Thclc Acquifitions were lb numerous that the Publick was at a Lois not only how to maintain, but even to get I'ofTcflion of Ibmc of them ; wherefore a Law was made that whatever prj. vatc Pcrlons, cither Citi/ens or Allies, would repair to any of thofe Iflands, late belonging to the Grcik Emperors, they lliouid forever enjoy fiich Shares of them as each Perlon could acquire; where- upon numerous Adventurers undertaking this Service , turned out the prcleiit PollllTors, and fettled themlclvcs and Families in their room, whereby the Iflands were (ccurcd to the Rcpiiblick, which was no lels engaged in providing {ox the Settlement and Security of thole of greater Conlequcnce. A Fleet of thirty Sail was fitted out under the Command of Renter 'Dandoto, and Roger 'Permarhio, who had no Iboncr got out of the Gulph, than they were met by La Vctrani^ a famous GV«0("/<' Captain, with nine Gallics whom they defeated, took him Priloner, and prefently reducing Corfu, that had rebelled, hanged him in that Ifland; from whence proceeding they feizcd Modon and Coroii, then two Nefts of Pirates ; lb that naving the Sea thus open, they advanced to take PolTe/fion of the Iflands. Al. T)aiidoto and James Viadri jointly attacked and made them- felvcs Maftcrs of Gallipoli , on the Hcllejpont. M. Sanutu!, and other.s, reduced Nic/i'a, 'Pario, Afilo, and /ftidri ; as Rabanm Career ills did the Ifland and Gulph of Negroponte. Andre'-,:; and Henry Gl.ifii I'ubdued Tina^ Micone, Scyro, "Poitcandro, and J/j- limcne. In the mean time Henry'Pifcator, Governor of the South Parrs of the Morea, afllfted by a Fleet of Genoefe, made an attempt \Z^Z?k^^b '" '^"^'^ ^^^ Venetians out of Candia, but Renter, the Ventim the\cn"xunl Admiral, rcpulfing him, liink four of the Genoe/e Ships ; and foon after a flrong Reinforcement was lent to Candia to keep the Greeks in order. The Genoe/e now fcouring the Seas, John Trevi/ano was fenta- gainft them with a Squadron of nine Gallics, who ofT Trapani, on the Coaft of Sicily , took twelve of their Ships ; which fo hiim- bled them, that they liied for a Peace, which was granted. A ftrong Reinforcement was lent to Corfu, the better to fecure that Ifland, but under the Notion of defending th« Inhabitants acainft the Enemy : And there being reafon to apprehend forae Difturoances in Candia, a confiderable Body of Troops was alfo lent thither. Hence the War was removed toward the Strcights oi Coiiftautinople, in the Port of which City Leo Cavala, Admiral of the Greek Fleer, was beaten and put to flight, having four and twenty Gallies either funk Coniunn r.' °' "'^^° ^^^^^ '^'^ John Michael, a Venetian, Ptjetor of Con^an- pie. tinople, went out with fixteen Gallics, which lay in the Port tor the Defence of that Place, againft John Vatazi, who came to be- ficge it with twenty five Gallies ; and they coming to an Engage- ment, the Venetians taking ten, forced the reft to retire, and leave the Sea open to the Citizens. Not 7ht GenoelL" biattn, fut for Piatt. rhi Greeks ijooKllT I Chap. IV. Kififi of the Kom. Empire. 215 ro them Cw- ind rhc others [0 and /o«;m he Publick was get I'olTcflion whatever pri- to any oF thofc lliould tor ever :quirc ; w here- :c , turned out imilics ill their ptibhck, which and Security of I was fitted out ^crtnar'tnoy who ;rc met by/,rt C"-', whom they Corfu y that hid jrocccdina they fo that having 1 of the Ifljnds. id made them- AI. SanutHs, r'l ; as Rahanm Andrr^ and xndrOy and J/aHi, oa which fo hiira- as granted. A to fecure thit tants agaiDft the : Difturbances in thither. Hence vttino/le, in the ^rreck Fleer, wis ilHes either funk aetor of Conpi- in the Port fct ho came to be- > to an Engage- etirc, and leave Not Not long after, the Quarrel with the Gcnocfe broke out again on "" "'" "■ this occafion. All the Nations ofChriftcndoin which were engaged |'",f,'''v'en,ce in the Holy War, after the taking of 'Prolemais, or Acre, from the mJ Ceim*. Infidel', Ihared that City amongll them, each having a fcparatc Di- vifion; and thole of the Venetians and Gruocjl' lying contiguous, they had but one Church between them, the Ulc of wliich gave oc- cafion for a mutual Emulation and Hatred, which at length came to a War. The Gcnoefi' took their Omwrtuniry to fcizc the Church, and fortified it like a Caftic, which tlic Venetians highly relenting, they broui^ht out thirteen Gallies from Tyrcy and under the Com- mand of Laurence Tiepolo^ coming before Acre, forced the Chain which lay a crol's the Harbour, broke in, and leizcd three and twen- '^". fivnoefr ty Merchant Ships, with two Gallies of Genoa which lay there ; (.''('j,,''/ **'"' and having plundered them of their Merchandize, and taken out the Naval Stores, they let fire to them; and then recovering the Church, rifled the very Sepulchres of the Genoef'e\ who, provoked with A. D. nji. this Lois, manned out forty Gallies, and ten Saetia's, with which they engaged the Venetians off y^cre; but they, being alTided by the fi/ans, came of?" Conquerors, and the Genoefe having loft five ^niuf, r,vf and twenty Gallies, with great Numbers of Men, ignominioufly re- '*^ ^''""'• treated to TjF'"^- The following Year tl Venetian Ship, called the Lion, manned with two hundred Seamen, and a hundred Soldiers, accompauied with two I'mall Gallies, was attacked near Tencdos by twenty Veffcls belonging to Genoa, which the Venetians dealt with fo well, that they forced them all to retire towards Conftantinople : and this lame Year it was that Michael VaUobms defeating Bald- M'fh.iti Pa- " ■ . . .- . .3. . _ - P . IfologlH ft- (ircek I mptri of tht l.uji. vin II, and the French, recovered the Empire of the Eaft into the Hands of the Greeks. After this the Senate committed a Number of Gallie s to James 'Dandolo, for the Defence of 'Dalmatia, with Orders, if he found It tor the Service of the Republick, to iucrealc them, as he faw oc- cafion, with others which were to attend the Iflands. He accord- ingly taking from Zara three, and being joined by as many from Landia, tour from Negrofonte, and ten from Raru/a, commanded '*' c^nocfe. hy Gradeni^o, failed toward Sicily, where, off Mar/a/a, he funk ^' three GfffOf/? Gallies commanded by Lanfranc de Bourbon. Thence a. d. 1166, proceeding to Trapani, he fell in with twenty eight Sail more, with which he came to a Battel, which was fought with great Obflinacy on both fides, the Genoefe chafing rather to die than yield ; but two thoufand five hundrcxl of them were faved by the Mercy of the Conqueror, after no lefs than twelve hundred had been flain, and as many drowned. Four Ships were liink in the Engagement, and twenty four taken, which the Venetians fent to Modon for the Se- curity of the Coaft thereabouts; and foon after chey fitted out an- other Fleet of fixty fix Sail under the Command of Roger Morofint, to iufeft the Genoefe in the Black Sea, where they managed a great Trade, and had ievcral Colonies. Tera, one of the Suburbs of T/.«venefians Conftantinople, was then poflefled by them, together With Fo- poJ^.y*;.'' chia.yecchia in Natolia, both which Places, then very rich, the Ve- chia from th* ' netians Genoefe, l'i>mf*li III ■vmitJ /'> « Ciln^H p/ A inalft A I). I pi. 2i6 Naval TranfadioNs Jificci he BookIII. | Chap. MttiaHs buna and dcftroyctl } to revenge whicli, the (icmcfc fittd iHi*>ti,f*> "uc a coiifidcrablc KIccr, and defeated inc^'vnetians in two K.ii|<.jt>(. ,d *i sn, incuts, iirft off" C'or/«, and afterwards in the Knirunc! oj the 7),/r. Jutii'h. Attor thcic Victories the Qenwjii icoiiiin;^ tlic (iulpii ot />. r/za* without Controul* the Senate was in a Conllcrnaiion, xw^ V sn.iiH /rc, (#>//////A//, th>.' (Ii-norfc A«hniial, hctook hiink-ll ro Ih^lif Willi two or ilni'i- Ships, having \o\\ no lei*, rh.in one and for- ty Sail, cirhcr (iink or r.ikni 'J'hc Spirits of the (iinof/f were l<» lirokcn wi'h 'his Dctc.ir, rliar rlu-y hiUnufted rhcinit Ives to '/ohn Ihkc oi M'i I'f, npon (.'«»nilit!on he wouM tielcnd tiKin ai»aiiilf the I i-nftiiinf tiui\ . /n/ti^ofti/f i lo iniuh ilciucr to thctn w.is ihcir Rc- Min;c than ihcir lihcrry ; Hia h.iMiij; lo«)ii after j;atn<"d Ionic Ail- M1I1.1HS over the / V,'r//,///f, and l)^.•ln^ \\cary oi thnr Snhjrdlion, iii V linick n|> a IVace with thcin, ami threw oti" the (iovcrnineni ,1 iho Diilio of A///.y//. W'hm I. iiirfrfrr (,'(/// wwi \'iny\r, C//////// revolrcd, oiMuwidon o'' r.ix iinpolod upon the hihahit.inrs, the Inliirrcdtion Ihiii,» Ih'v;iih oiiK of the yciit'tinis tlicinlclvcs which were there leitled ; hut rl,»n«l was loon reJni ed to ()!>e(liotKC hy ihirhinih furfthf* of "I 'I'hen was the War renewed with the (.ii'iin, Ji iox rhc Uland t 'h'letio. whii-h the I'vtifti'nis had lately Ici/eil, ami thin Affair ;,.,', 'h! the RcpiihlKk to the Ihink of neHrinflion; for hein^; hcatoii 111 iiiKii;',a)',cintnr oH 7W^/ ; /////;r<»(j^, (.irndot (.'aorlr., and dbioaza wcto iit/ed hy tlic Kneinv, and tliey toni;ht ainioll in the Streets (\\ fli' < Vy ; wliiJi, if/ 'iflor U'tf'ini (wnom they bron^lu ont of I'nliiii, iml ini'le (ieneral of the (iiilph) had not lliemtonlly ilefeiuN cs ilrawiii'^' ^B t''l< '^''*"'*' •''ertainly have tallen into the Knetny's Hands, heiiu', jiill if.uly 10 hi'iiiiiler. jhit reliiniiii!', Conraj'e, they tiefcared Louis l'ufpt<\ the (li-norfe Admiral, olTCape <^V/«ir.'?, whom they took I'rilmcr; and leeiirinL; the Avenues to their City hy finkinj» Ships, l.iviii; Chains a erols, and plaeiii;.* llron}; Garrilbns in the adjaeeiic llliiui , they began to retrieve their Allairs Forty (iaihes were fir- iiiioiit miller tir Coininaiid of //w.l'/c;:' (.'onttirini, then l)oi;c ; and ili,u the Men mii'.lr be iiird to the Sea, and cxerciKd before they went ai^aiiiU the linemy, tlic licet was rowed every Day from the 7i;; r Quarter to St. A'/t'/w/.rr Church. It was of j^reat Service t(> ilic Kcpubiiek at this time that the Senate made a Law, that out of rlic Nuinhcr of liich families as Ihould contribute to hippl) ing the Hfct or Army, cither with Men, Money, or Piovifions, thirty iliimlii be cholcn into the Nobility, and that Inch of them on whom tlu lot happened not to fall Ihonid have rhc yearly Income of (ive thniilaiid Crowns ; for above fixly Families Uiblcribed great Sums ot Motley toward the piiblick Service. While thele thii-;s wcrcdo- iiij;, (.'htn/cx '/.eno was expcded home with the Meet which was oti toicit^ii Service, in which Expedition he took a Fleet of innocfe ^'wii VclTcIs in Sicihy and on the Coaft of Italy liink fevcral Mer- chant Ships, lei/.cd three Saetias richly laden, ami laid wuftc all 'he Country from 'Porto-Spczza to (Jetioa. OH'T'ando he took a Nidfnittiitt Saetia trailinc on the Enemy's Account; in fight of Rhodn made hitiilelf Malter of two Gciiocje Ships, and as many ofl' ^V/THf, where he received Orders to repair home to the Relief of ''I!* Country. While he was on his way, VltiorVifani^ with an- F f other 217 «.■ I It MmW k/ Miliii, iiiii an /iifu ii'f.i< ' y nl III) in itfiil'.tiil. A I) i\f,i. ( .iiiilit II r.ilti li.mW- nil t , l\ii II //i/Viiirriini /'..I #>» ,'1/ ,/ I'm.,! Ii\ lilt (iwllULIC. li'fy lt.it lie < icrwii'le, tnd I r^iil lo tt- liitvt ilitir I iimuiaii^i ihiir Sul/ n'/i to luffly lit Slilll Alll) Men •iHil Mo- ney. I lie d'oiiocri.' fiiljer ,11 Sfl. 2i8 Naval Tranfatiions fmcc the Book 111. m Iht fjenacfc himtf., anil l)iilU llilir .lilmiml (lain A, />, ( )79. Or'iMI 'ltd nanti fuflmftil III bt jirfl u (ictiocft (<«<■ liii liufiii m ilroii'i'jio. ///.Vrnriuri* lull f \\\l ll.lt, mill 'iiid't. '<( riorlt lliii. Ml\ii». .i|i(i llf/lrii-/ lilt I'lmiii Vtf- fk I) Ijtii, ilmlnl lit iimtn Vriili r •«'/ */CII04. Other Meet, tell down to the Port o\' Ihotuloli, who niaiiitaiticd |||i| Station there « wc!< :"s ilic (ictiocjc ; and /.viio, on his Arrival, in;. iii^ lent to (iipjiort hiin, broke the Cham ilic i''.iiciiiy had laid a crolt a Strci^lit to dele:'.! thctiilclvcs, and liiiik two Ships oi Dimhcii there, to hir.dcr their a)lnlll^ out; all the rcll of the Avenues hav- hi^ lo Ihaljow Water that a Shin could not |i ils. The rcll of the Hcet cn^aL^ed and tielcatcd the Kltnoi/i- near I .arcdo^ \\\ which |)i|. pute fell Tetvt ^Dortti, their Admiral, hcini', lliin hy a Caimoii lia||, with fix hundred oiiicrs; and m this War it was, according to iomc, that Ordnance were hrfl ulcd, though otlui i allcdgc that lid^unti III, King oi /'.tij/Jandf had great dims at tlic Sic^',c ot (Calais \n i j^y, The Communication ot the City oi' I'ri/ra' heing now opcna', which had Inflcrcd very ninth (or want ol Provifions, they were plentihilly (iipplied from all Parts; whereas, on the other hand, tlu- Enemy were dole hlockcd un, a id apprclicii(!iiig nothing Iclii ilun I'amine, tiled their uLiiioIl l.ndc ivours to rnlargc thcmlelvcs; i,, which purpolc they atte:npted u dig a Canal lor twenty iiallics to pahi through, hut while they were employed in that Work, thc/V- fiefians attacked the l-ort oi IhonJoto^ and carried it, let fire to the Ciallies, killcl IVacc put in Mxeciitioii, which he aecordni^ly per 21^ liitinul /A. ;:.!»!• of I I'lirdu Ji- Hlolljlllil. riicCiry was now lI'Mirillnn}', in I'eiUx, and oidy intent on cnl iiv.iiiiiu'riiil''i when the Wrod-Cilini^s ol the (icnoi'/i- lorced them (0 a /icv W.ir, wlio had bnili ahf»iii ihis linu' one and twenty Gal- lifv. .111(1 fixii'ii Siii'iKiH. This I Let was reported to he litred out mvJX ihc Km;', ol (lyj'rn^^ as in reality it was, hein^ eoniniandetl /A.VmeiUm |)y Ikiicuaiity a M.nlhal of l''t|iuiiiiiii;; linn withal, that by the luiidameiital laws of his Rc- IHililiik, It was Death lor an Admiral to leave his Ship on any pre- iciKC wliatloever. liouiiitiiil, provoked with this Anlwer, relolv- ;>|io lie rivciigrd, and with that view Heered his t'ourlc to liar':tb iiiiVy/7rf, where the yniclmus had a gtcat Trade .';;r Spices; and liiiii^', jiiiiK-d by ihiec Ships of Khodi'x, he landed wiihm a League (il ill' lowii, aiiil eafily made himlelf Mailer of the Calllc, the Gar- HjhuIi r,a#n ril(iiil)ciiiu ill no Apprehcnfioii, becaiile of the Peace which was be- ;•'"'/''"'"'""' tu((ii the iwo [Nations; when entering the Town, he gave the nucie. riiiiidn ol It to the Soldiers, the Inhabitants on the Callfe's being l(i/.((l, having all fled to lave their lives. Zctio, atiaid of the ve< ly Apiuiiiaiiiv.' of being the full Aggrclliir, lent one tif bis Officers III HdiKudUt In complain of this Piocceding, and dcfirc bini lo caiile Kdliiiiiiiiii to be made of the iifieds taken from the Merchants of IhvNjiioii; but he returned f()r iui(\>'cr, that the Plunder being al- tciilyilivitjcd among his Soldiers, it was inipoflibic to recover it, and (iiilc.iviMircd lo exciilc what be bad done, under Pretence that the liili,iliitatii!i ilcnicil him Entrance into their Port. Ft 1 Z«HOt Tht Genoefe furfrUt Sapi- CU'Li, T^c Venetiin a»ii Gt-nuffe ftceis eii'iite. A Str.it.i^em of'/.cnn 10 fave his Galh uhcn biiiirded. 2 20 N aval Tranfaclwns fwce the Book 111. I Chap. Zetto^ not being able to obtain any Satisfiidion, returnee) loward's the Archipelago., to cover the Iflands belonging to the Veuet'ms and elpccially Caudia, whither he wasfoon followed by the Encmv who lliddcnly furprizcd and entered the Port of Safienza. Zeno, who was at Modon with eleven Gallics, and two GalcafTes, thought hiinfcif ftrong enough to fight the Genoefe Fleet, and gave them De- fiance , lb that both of them failed out by Break of Day, one fiom ModoJi, the other from Sapienza, and met half way between thofe Places. Zeno having ranged his Gallics in Order, bore down on the Enemy with all the Sail he could make, while Boucicaut, who was alio prepared for the Battel, and well knew that the Vidory de- pended chiefly on the Behaviour of the General, detached three of his Gallics to attack the Feiietian Admiral, which was performed with great Dexterity and Reiolution ; for two of thele Gallics fepa- rating, received Zeno's between them, and the third charged her a- head. After the Genoefe and French had poured great Numbers of Darts and Arrows on the Venetians, they grappled Zcno'% Gaily, and boarded her in three (everal Places, making diligent Search fo[ the Admiral, but not knowing his Pcrfon, mils'd of him, who being thus hard prclTcd, delivered himfelf from the Danger by a new and extraordinary Stratagem. He caulcd his whole Ship's Company, with a great deal of heavy Lumber, to be placed on the Starooard fide of his Gaily, in order to bring the upper Part thereof down to the Water, by which means he not only prevented any more from boarding on the Larboard Side, but ftruck fuch a Tcrrour amongft thole that had already entered, who thought he was going to fink the Ship, that many of them leaped into the Sea, and the reft threw themielves over into their own VeJTcIs : The Confufion this caufcd among the Enemy afforded Time for other Gallics to come to the Relief of their Admiral, which they performed with fuch Succcis, that the three Genoefe Ships beforcmenrioned were all taken, and Zeno was no fooner difengaged, than he bore down to Boucicaut, who would fain have retreated, but was fb clofcly followed that he was forced to fave hiralcif in his Boat. All the reft of the Gal- lies betaking themielves to Flight, Zeno towed the three he had ta- ken in to Mcdon, whither he alfo conduced his Prilbners, among whom were Chateau- Morant, the G^wof/? Vice Admits', aiid?*?;// SanudOy one of their Captains: However their Gallics that cfcaped revenged this Difgrace upon levcral Venetian Merch; nt Ships they met Willi in their way home, which they plundered: £!at notwirh- ftanding thele Proceedings on both fides, th^ matter did not come to a declared War between them, for their Loflcs in the whole be- ing pretty near equal, the Name of the Peace yet continued. After this the Rcpubiick purchalcd Zara, with its Dependences, of Ladiflaus King of Hungary : And if 'Philip, Duke of MiIM) had not moleftcd them, would have enjoyed another Interval of Re- pof'c. Ticcinini, the Enemy's General, having taken, by Treache- ry, the Town of Brefello on the 'Po, attempted likcwile to fei« the Caftle; and xht Milanefe Fleet on that River being commanded by Jht Genoefe have the worjl of it at Sea. The Genoefe plunder ftve- rai Venetian Ships. The \'ene\\- ins furchaje Zara of the Kin^ (i/ Hun- gary. V Book 111. I Chap. I V. Rt/in of the Rom. Empire. 221 :tiirne(! owarcls the Venetians^ I by the Encmv, tietiza. Zm, IcafTcs, thought It^ave them De- Day, one from y between thofc bore down on ^oucicaut^ who : the Vidlory dc- :rached three of was performed ele Galhes fepa- i charged her a- •cat Numbers of d Zrwo's Gaily, igcnt Search for him, who being :r by a new and hip's Company, )n the Starooard thereof down to any more from Fcrrour amongft as going to fink id the reft threw fion this caufcd to come to the ch (uch Succcis, all taken, and to Boucicaut, followed that eft of the Gal- iree he had ta- ilcoers, among nirs", aadTiul es that cfcaped i nt Ships they Dat notwith- did not come the whole be- itinucd. i Dependences, like of Milaiiy nterval of Re- , 'oyTreache- cwife to k,iz Ing commanded by \\v Eujiachiu! oVTcftno, the Veiirtiiins detached Francis Bemho a- ^^ trcometht painft him. The Fleets on borh fides confined of flat bottoni'd Vcf- ^" "^ '^"' fels; and ^^/-'^o placed eight ofthclc in a Line in Front, which to render firm and indifTolublc, he fccured together with Cables. In this Order he advanced toward Eitjlachins, whom he drove before him up to Cremona., where the Enemy quitting their VcfTels, rhcy all fell ^- ^- '43'- \m Bembo's Hands; but here he was llopt from proceeding farther by a new Contrivance of the Enemy, who had caulcd to be built on the River fcveral floating Caftlcp, which however he bravely attack- ed, and fet on fire. Landing his Troops he came to a Battel on Ihorc, but wasdefc^ed, and thereupon retiring to his Ships, fell down the Areheatenbt- Rivcr: And loon dficr Nic/jo/asTrevi/a/io, another Admiral of the ^"'' ^""'°' Venetians, was beaten before Cremona. The Senate highly refent- ing the Behaviour of the Gcnocjc^ who had manned the Enemy's Fleet with their Seamen, (having now put themiclves under the Pro- teftion of the Duke oi' Milan J fictcd out eighteen Gallies againft them, under the Command of ^Peter LoredanOy who with uncxpcdt- ed Celerity, filling round to Leghorn^ was there joined by five Gal- lies of the Florentines., together with Adorni and Fiefque, two Ge- noefe Noblemen then in Exile, Enemies to the Milanefe Faction, wirhfevcral others of that Party; at the Appearance of whom off Genoa, it was thought their Friends in the Ciry would expel the op- pofite Party, and receive them to recover their Liberties ; but the Mtlancfe proving the (Irongefl, five and twenty Gallies were fent out under the Command of Francis Spinola. The Venetian Fleet was by this time arrived in the Gulph oi Rapallo, within five Leagues of the City, whither the Genoefe advanced toward them with great Rcfolution, being flufhcd with the Remembrance of their late Vidlo- ry on the To. 0(rCa/>e di Monte (the Head- land that makes th*; Gulph of /?'«/'^/^»y' they came to an Engagement, but Lor edano They ozir- linding the Enemy had the Wind of him, retreated, as if afraid, in- ""'"'" ^"■ to the Gulph, whither the Genoefe following him, he got to Wind- Gulph'"/ [L. ward, and bore down upon them. Sftnola received him with great pa"o- Gallantry, but the Venetians fought with fuch Refolution, that they loon took him Prifoner with his own Gaily and cieht others, the reft, in the utmoft Diforder, retreating into Torto Fino, or making the bed of their Way to Cf«"•■ m Cto mania. This ^frr ■■>:.'(/ was the firft Vrnrtian who had the Affairs of Cv- tmcr-- o him, and it was thus occafioned. Jatnes de Lu- ■i'w .; King vi':!v I Hand, imrriod Kathcrinc the Daughter of I 224 N aval TranfaB'wns fince the Book III. oi Marc Cornaro., a noble Venetian ^ which Prince dying, he left his Confort great with Child, which Child by his laft Will hedc parrels «• bjut Cyprus. A Peace be- Iween the Turks and Vcnetiins. TieVenctians overcame the Pirates. A War re- kindled be- tween the Turks and Venetianr. T/i«Veiictians beaten ly the Turks. clared fhould iiicceed him in ^iie Throne under the Guardianlhip of the Rcpublick. The Infant dying within a Year after his Father, Charlotte^ the Sifter oijamesy laid claim to the Crown, and cre- ated great Difturbances in the Ifland, which were at length entirely quelled by the Prudence and good Condu<3: of Mocen'tgo , who ex- pelled the factious Party, and Icttlcd the Kingdom in Peace. 'Jamn MarceUi being then appointed to fuccecd him in the Adminirfration of this new Province, Mocen'tgo was ordered by the Senate to look to the Defence of Scutari^ and guard the Coaft of Albania^ againft the Attempts of the Turks ; purfuant whereto he repaired thither, and placed ftrong Garrifbns in 'Durazzo, Budoa^ Ant'tvari^ and *Dulc'tgno, appointing a Gaily, to attend the Service of each. About this time deceafcd in Nixia John Crijpus, Lord of that Ifland, and of Thermene^ Scyro^ and Melo^ three other of the an- cient Cyclades, the Inhabitants of which Iflands having been very weary of his Government, and Nicolas Cafello happening acciden- tally to be at that time in the Port of Nixia y with Vix Vm- tian Ships, which he commanded againft the Pirates, they made their Application to him to receive their Submiffion to the Repub lick, which he readily accepted, and left with them a Citizen of ye/lice to adjiinifter their Government. The Turks now prefling the Venetians very hard, they were ob- liged to come to a Peace, whereby rhey gave up Scutari, the Ca- ftle of Maina, near Cape Matapany and the Ifland ofStalimine, and agreed to pay eight thouland Ducats a Year for Freedom o;" Trade in their Seas : However there were after this fcveral flight Skir- miihes between them, the Iflanders under the Venetian Government creating fomc Difturbauces , as did alfo the Pirates who were Ic- cretly countenanced by the Turks. Aloife Giorgi came to an Ed gagement with the Pirate -^W^f off Cape Alatapan, where, after an obftinate Difpute , they both fcparated with equal Lofs. On the Coaft oi Africa Bernard Cicognay the Venetian Admiral, fought fe- rucay another Pirate, defeated and took him Prilbner : And ofTG;- trone Andreiv Loredano killed Tctcr de Bifcayy with fcveral of his Aflbciates. And now the War breaking out again with the Turks, a Fleet was lent againft them under the Command of Anthony Gmmi, who obferving with how much Difficulty the People contributed to- ward the late War they had in Italy by Land with the French and Florentines, lent the Republick eighty Pounds of Gold to pay the Wages of the Seamen, engaging to raiTc Co many in Corfu and o- ther Places as would man the Fleet. Off Modon he came to a Bat- tel with the Turks, but was defeated, and forced to retreat to Tn- denoy a neighbouring Ifland ; wnerc hearing the French Fleet was i at Zante, he lailcd thither to join them, after which he had fcve ral flight Skirmiflics with the Enemy, but meeting with little or no Succels, he again Icparatcd from the French. The Troops on board the Fleet having entertained a Notion, that if he had attacked the Enemy iooKlll. I Chap. V. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 225 ing, he left t Will he dc. lardianihip of r his Father, wn, and ere- ;ngth entirely igo^ whocx- 'cacc. Jama \dminiuiatioa icnatc to look '.baiiia, againd paired thither, dnt'tvari^ and f each. Lord of that thcr of the all- ying been very pening accidcE- lA'ith Yix Vm- cs, they made I to the Repub- :m a Citizen of I, they wcreob- Scutari, the Ci- iStal'tmineiisA ecdom of Trade 'cral flight Skir- ian Government cs who were Ic- came to an En L where, after an II Lofs. On tk liral, fought ye- Icr : And ofTCo- ith fcvcralofhii Enemy with his whole Force, he might have entirely deftroyed them, drew up and lent their Opinion to Venice^ where a Relblu- tioa was taken to remove Grimani trom his Command, which was accordingly done : And bccaulc Thomas Zcniy whom they pitched upon to liiccccd him, was indebted to the Exchequer, and that, by an ancient Law, none who were fo, could enjoy any Place of Truft, they made an Ad that this Law Ihould not take place with refpcd to him, whom they put at the head of the Fleet. But he met with no better Succefs than his Predeccflbr, the Turks taking NavarinOp An agun Motion, and CoroHy with the Ifli nds oi Engia and Metelino. How- *)^['^J p"/^,^ ever, after the Departure of the Turkilh Fleer, Engia was prcleotly r' *»» ; recovered by Bcftedifi Tefaro^ who having alfo ravaged Metelino but foon afur and Tenedo, fell on the Rear of the Turkilh Fleet, then entering the ^'"" ^""'j'- Gulph oi Megroponte, and took levcral Ships, the Companies where- of he nailcJ to CrolTes along the Sea-lhorc. After this he reduced the Ifland Samandrachi, plundered Carijia, recovered Ce/>ha/onia, and in the Gulph of Larta feized twelve of the Enemy's Ships loaden with Stores of War, carrying them all to Corfu, C H A P. V. Of the Naval I'Fars of the Venetians , from the Conclu' jlon of thif League of Cambray, to the prefent Times, ABOUT this time it was that almofl: a\\ Europe united, at the hiftigation of Pope Julius II, to procure the Deftrudion of the Rcpublick oi Fetiicc, the Defign whereof was concluded at Cam- bra), by a Treaty between that Pontiff, the Emperor Maximilian I, the French Kin;^ Louis XII, Ferdinand King of Spain^ and other Princes of Lis Confidcration : Which Treaty was carried on with fuch Secrecy, that the Republick never had the Icaft notice of iC till they were attacked. The Blow was To fudden, that they imme- diately loft all they had on the Terra Firma, and were confined to their City, againfl which the Emperor levelled his great Guns from the Continent, and were it not for his want of Shipping, had crof- Icd over thither, and pofTcfTed himfelf of that likewife. Thus was the Venetian Lion forced to couch to the German Eagle, and that State, which had remained uuconquered for above a thouland Years, to become an humble Suppliant to the Emperor. They quitted all their Pretenfions on the Continent, and agreed to pay an annual Tribute ; but at length their Artifices prevailed lb far as to break the Confederacy, and then having to deal with thofe Princes fingly, they recovered all which had been taken from them, and pretty tvell iecured themfelves againd any fuch Difaller for the future. A. D. 1508. The Princtt of Europe unitt againfl Ve- nice. Thi'y an con' fined to thtlr City,anHfut- mit to thtEnt' ftror. The Allianct broktn, and rjf>( Veneciani recovtr thtm' ftlvti. Gg Ic mr\ i-rHS'' ^ jublli -An- fwer maJi h »*«VcneiiJn8 to the I'oft. iVjr Ittivixt Sell in II and the VfJieliais <»i(i;«CypiUi. Tht Turks t*kt Nicolia. A hardy Dctd of a Cyprian Lady. 226 NavalTranfaB'tons fincethe Book III. | Chap. It was the fame Pope Julius IF. who, being unwilling to allow the Rcpubiicit any thing, demanded of them, by his Nuncio, by what Right, or whofe Donation, thej^ pretended to the Dominion of the Adriatick ; to which they anfwercd, that they much won- dered his Holincfs ihould ad ia a manner fo difagrccabic to his ufuaj Juflicc, by asking them for thofe very Writings which he had at Rome among his own Records ; for that if he would picafe to look for the Donation of Confiant'tne^ he would find on the back of that what he defired : By which facetious AnlWer they wifely gave the Pope to know, that as he did not enjoy fo many Cities and Provinces on ftiorc,lb r hey did not hold theirDominion of the Sea, by virtue of any Grant or Donation from any Emperor, cither Greek ox Roman., nor ground it on the bctoicmention'd Compliment to them of Pope ^. lexauder III ; but on the long Exercile of that Dominion, confirm- ed by the continued Knowledge and Sufferance (that is the Conlcnt and Authority in this Calc) of the Parties concerned ro oppoic it; and that they would defend by Arms a Right lb lawfully acquired, and Iccured by lb long Prclcription, againli all who ihould pretend to attack it. The next great War the Rcpublick was engaged in was with Se- lim II, Emperor of the Turks, for the Ifland oi Cyprus^ who pre- tended it was become a Shelter for Pirates, which difturbed the Commerce of the Mediterranean, and that he being Mailer of the Countries which lay about it, (to one of which, viz. t/Ejypt, he iaid, it did of Right belong) it was iocumbcat on him to fccure the Navigation to thole Parts, and therefore demanded they would yield it up to him. The Senate's Anfwer was, that they were fo far from entertaining or encouraging Pirates, that they kept conftantly a Number of Gallies at Cyprus to cruile againft them ; and that if he made thefe Pretences to break with them, they were relblved to de- fend themlelves ; whereupon the Turks repaired with a nutnerous Fleet to the Ifland, and there landing an Army of a hundred thoa- fand Men, laid Siege to Nicojia, the capital City, which in a fliort time was taken by Storm, and Muftaphat who commanded en this Ex- J)edition, after he was Matter of the Town, cauled above twenty thou- and Pcrfbns to be put to the Sword, and as many were made Slaves, cutting off the Head of T)andolo., the Governour, which he fent as a Prelcnt to the Officer who commanded in Famagufta, the Place he was going next to befiege. Then having leleAed the richeft of the Spoils, confiding of Plate, and other valuable EfTedls, with fcvcral fine Women and beautiful Children of Quality, of both Sexes, ga- thered from all Parts of the Ifland, he put them on board three of the largefl Ships of the Fleet, and committed them to the Charge of four hundred Janizaries, to be conveyed as a Prefcnt to the Grand Signior, cither in token of his Succefs, or to conciliate to himfelf the doubtful Favour of his Prince, The Slaves were all put toge- ther in one Ship, where a young Lady, refledling on the Calamity which had already happened to her Country and her Friends, and what farther ihe was to expe(^ when fhe &ould be in the Power of Setimy Book III. I Chap.V. Riiln of the Rom. Empire. 227 iUing to allow is Nuncio, by the Dominion ey much won- ibic to his ufual lich he had at plcale to look le back of that virely gave the 5 and Provinces )y virtue of any or Roman, not tax of Pope A- nion, confirm- is the Confent I ro oppofc it ; fully acquired, fliould pretend I was with Se- *'ujy who pre- difturbed the Mafter of the z. -yEgypi, he u to fccurc the :y would yield Jre fo far from : conftantly a and that if he cfolved to de- h a numerous lundrcd thou- ich in a flioit led en this Ex- twenty thou- : made Slaves, ich he feot as the Place he richeft of the with feveral th Sexes, ga- loard three of o the Charge to the Grand te to himfelf all put toge- the Calamity Friends, and :he Power of Selim, Sclim, began to revolve fomc uncommon Thoughts in her Mind. They had now weighed Anchor, and were juft got under Sail, when there being occafion to fetch up Powder to charge the Guns, this Womin found means to get down with a Light to the Powder- Room, where having an Opportunity of executing her dreadful Purpolc, fljc looks alternately towards her Country and Heaven, and, grown hold by having relolved to die, delpcrately applies the Fire to the Powder, ib that in a Moment all were in Flames, and with a dread- ful Blaft the Ship was thrown in pieces into the Air : Nor did the Dcflrudion thus end ; for the burning Fragments falling into the two other Ships, let them alio on fire, and in tew Minutes Space, all the Spoil whicn had been lb carefully colle«5ted through the whole lllaiid, with every Soul on board the Ships, exi pt four Seamen, who by great Accident cfcaped, and I'wam to Land, where couliun- cd, within Sight of the Shore, Aluftapha himlcif looking on at the diliiial Spcdacle. Mujiapha advancing to Famagufta., inverted that Place, where En^aimty a brave and experienced Officer, was Governor, who with a handful of Men made a mod gallant Defence againil the E- ncmy's numerous Army, but at length was obliged to lurrcndcr, which he did upon honourable Terms, the Garrilbn being not on- ly permitted to march out with flying Colours, Arras and Baggage, but were to be fupplied with Veflcis to traniport them to Qandiuy and a Sauadron of Gallies for their Convoy : Notwithftanding which, rbe cruelty of the perfidious Barbarian treacheroufly broke the Treaty, feized the ti>t Turks «/>- principal Officers, and put them to Death in cold Blood, and made "" ^"''"^ la- Siavcs of all the reft of the Garrifon. Bragadini himlelf was faved """"' ^' from this Slaughter, to be yet more inhumanly treated for having (0 bravely done his Duty ; for they Itrft cut off his Nofe and Ears, and then threw him, with Irons on his Legs, into a Dungeon, from ' wlicoce the Executioners drew him out once a Day, to carry Earth in a Basket for repairing the Fortifications, making him bow down with his Burthen, and kifs the Ground every time he paft before Mnfiapha, who came to overfee the Work. He was afterwards put ou board the Fleer, where, among other Indignities, they fixed him ill a Chair, and hoifted him up to the Yard- Arm of a Ship, that fb the Deformity of his mangled Vifage might be more conlpicuous, and be fccn by the Chriftians which were yet in the Port. Then bringing him alhore, they carried him to the Market-Place, where after he had been tied up by the Heels and flay'd alive, his Skin was They cruelly ftudcd with Straw, and hung up at the Yard- Arm of Mujiafha's !"£" '^"' Gaily, in which manner it was carried about in Triumph on the Coalis of Syria and Mgypt. It was afterwards put into the Arlc- nal of Conftantinophy from whence it was redeemed by the Pofte- rity of the deceafed Hero at a great Price, and is to this Day kept as the moft glorious Trophy of their Family. At the Beginning of the War, the Venetians had fet on foot a f,1^JJl*"", Treaty of Alliance with Pope TiusVj and Thilif II, King GiSfain^ p,fe'"King ,/ which was at length concluded, and both thofe Princes aided them Spain, an* ^ 3. Gg with Venice. 228 Naval TranfaUions fi?icc the Book III. I Chap.\ A. U.157I. 'Jilt iKn/tile- raie ttetl Cfini tt Mcf- fini. rhiir/irin^lh, and i/otv itif- pofid. The Vifpofi- lion of the confederate fleet. with Naval Forces. Thofc of the firft were coinmandcd hy Muc Anthony Colonna^ and ot the latter by Don Joh/t ot /lujhia, natu ral Son to the Emperor Charles V, the Navy of the Rcpublick be- ing condiidled by Sebajtian Venter. At length, after tedious Dc lays on the part of the Spaniards, the confederate Fleet rcmlci- vous'd at MejJUuiy where a Council of War was called to confidcr of the Operations of the Campaign ; and, after Icveral Debates, u was relblved, through the earueft Entreaties of Colouna and yfuicr, to make the beft of their way towards the Morea. Every thing being in rcadinels for I'ailing, the Generals, Ofliccrs, and Soldiers re- paired onboard, and the Wind prclcnting fair, they weighed An- chor amidft the Prayers and BlelTuigs of the neighbouring People of Sicily and Italy, who came down to the Coafts, in innnite Multi. tudcs, to fee the mod numerous Navy the Chriftians ever fitted out. It confided of twelve Gallics of the Pope's, eighty one Galjie?, and twenty Ships of Burthen of the King of Spain'^y and a hundred and eight Gallics, fix large GaleafTcs, and two Ships of Burthen of the Venetians, the whole under the Command of Don John of An- Jiria, who divided his Fleet into four Squadrons, three of which made up the main Body and two Wings, and the fourth what was judged neceflary for a Relerve. The Right confided of fifty three Gallies, commanded by John Andrew IJoria, who hoidcd a grccD Flag on the Main-topmad Head : The Left, of the like Number, was put under the Command oi Augujime Barbarifsjo, who carried a yellow Flag, fixed on the Starboard fide of his Main-top ; and Don John himfeiti difplaying a blue Flag, conduded tlic main Bo- dy, confiding of fixty one Gallies ; the Relerve being 'cd \yj Al- varez, Bafano, Marquis of Santa Cruz, who carried a white Flag in the Poop, which Squadron confided of thirty eight Gallics, and Irom it eight were detached, under the Command of John de Car- dona, to Tail about fix Leagues ahead of the Fleet, with Orders to fend Advice by Boats, from time to time, of what he could difco- ver, and as foon as he delcry'd the Enemy, to retreat to the Fleet, and divide his Ships between the two Wings. The fix great GalcalTes were placed about half a Mile ahead of the Line, two before each Divifion, and didant from one another about a Mile, but they be- ing unwieldy and heavy Sailers, the General gave Orders that, as there might be occafiou, they fliould be towed by others. He took his Pod in the Centre of the main Body, having Mm Anthony Colonna, admiral of the Pope's Gallies, on his Right, and Sebaftian Venter, the Venetian Admiral, on his Left. Next to Colonna was the Admiral Gaily of Genoa, commanded by HcHor Spinola , on board of which was the Prince of Tarma ; and next to Venier was th,- chief Gaily of Savoy, commanded by Leyniiu, having on board her the Prince of 1)rbin ; and adern of Doa John, Colonna, and Venier, were placed the Patronnc Gaily of Spiii) with that of the great Commander oiCaJiile. In the right Point of this main Body was the principal Gaily of Malta, commaaded by the the Prior < nil Ixiarit <' ,/i Cardoiii the other I' the l.cit W I'oiiit, toL;c «ho comni N'arjon \vcr< the D.iy "f ri..iUr Rclb hrcaiif.' tiic Hfiviiards, that all mi,^ animate cac III tllK C Iflaiids Tao not bcin^ al but little \\t rhey receive that the Kiu LcJiMo, ar tk ri.ll, wa Irom the G upon which attack the F The Turk bcirg arrive with (ixty G janizaries, a ot Provifion While this w lent our for 1 arrived at C were not ab< to give then liiminoned tl foine ot" the fighting, it \ gage, and a Chriliian Fie pie aihorc. Icvcnty five of Refervc. Governor of of which w Left the laic con/ifting of Commander and the Tres 3ookIII. I Chap.V. Riiinof thcViom.EfNpire. 229 the Prior of MeJJiua^ and in rhe Lett another of tlic largtil f]/,c, nil Iwaril of wliitl) was 'Paiiiyordano. As for the two Wiiiys, 'John ,;V (.'.ardoiia was to take Port in the left Point of the Riyhr, aiid on the other Point yliidrezi' 'Dona, who commanded that Divifion. In rhc I.ctc Wiiii^ Man yliithony ^tiritii was ftaiioncd m the Riglic I'niiir, together with /Inthoiiy Laiiati ; and Angiijllnc BarbarigOy uho commanded that Wing, in the Left Point. 'J lie (jalhes of catli N'itiou were Icparated, and intermixed amoni^fl others, that lb in the Day of Battel they might not have Opportunity of taking par- n, liar Rclblutions and this the Venetians prevailed to have done, brcaiifj tlicy were jealous, as they had good rcalbn to be, of the Smiiirdsi but infinuatcd that their Intcntious were no other, than thai ail mi^ht equally iharc the Honour and Danger, and mutually aiiinwtc cacii other to behave well. In rlin Order the Fleet crofTed the Ionian Sea, and pacing the Ifiands '/"rfr/;///, and/^nfipach/i/, came ofTtheGulph of Lrtz/r/, but not belli;; able to reach Ccphalonia, they (lackcn'd fail, and making but little way all Nighr, arrived the next Day at that Ifland, where ^ " '»pi.- uirli (ixty Gallies up to Afpropiti, to receive on board ten thoufand "p, 'l',lJ ""^'^^ jinizarics, and the like Number of Volunteers, with a large Supply ot rrovifions, that lb they might be in a Readinefs for all Events. While this was doing Caracozza, one of his Officers who had been lent our for Intelligence, brought Advice that the Chriftian Fleet was arrived n Qcpbalonia , and that having counted the Gallies, they were not above a hundred and twenty; whereupon y//y determined to give them Battel ; but for his Juftification, iu cafe of need, he liiramoncd the principal Officers to a Council of War, wherein, tho' fome of the moft able and experienced declared themfelves againft fighting, it was nevertheleis relblvcd, after fevcral Debates, to en- '^"y "/■/-, r gage, and accordingly they made lail, with intent to iurprize the '^jM'l^^l" Clirillian Fleet at Cephaloniay hoping to find the Officers and Peo- ple alhorc. The Fleet of the Inndcls confifted of two hundred and Icvcnty five Sail, dilpolcd in a main Body, two Wings, and a Bo/Jy ^*« Difptjin- ofRclcrvc. In the Right Wing, commanded by Mehemet Sirod, '"ifj,''"" Governor of Alexandria, were fifty fix Gallics, in the Right Point of \\hich was Mehemet Bey, Sangiac of Ncgroponte, and in the Left the laid Mehemet Siroch. In the Centre of the main Body, con/ifting of ninety fix Gallies, was Aly Tajha^ the Admiral and Commander in Chief, iiipported on each Hand by Tertauh Tajha^ and the Trcafutcr of the Fleet ; and in the Right and Left Points of that 2 30 N aval Tr anf dliom fincc the Book III. I (;„ap.^ Iht Tiirk« liiftovir iht Chrillmn. rtiii. Till Hiltil of l.cp.iiilu bt- flHI, rluc Divifioii were 'DatdajfauMf, (Jovcrnor of the Arlcual of On JiantinopU; and Jlalfiin Hey, Governor o\ Rhodes. The Left Wiuj; was compolcd of nnjcty three Sail, IcJ hy Olns^Aly, '7hy of///. ^/fr, who had his Poll in the U:v;ht I'oiiit of th.u Divifion, inthc Left of which was (gratis I lozias, a famous Pirate ; and tlic Body of Rclcrve was commanded by Amurath 'Dragut Rays, coiifillmg of thirty (Jalhes. In this order the Turks lailine from Lcpanto the Icventh ol' Oih- Iter, arrived that Evening oWiiatati^a, and abour the fame time the confederate Fleet weighed Anchor from i'.cphuloniay in order to go in qued of the Kncmy, it being intended, if they happened not liid dcniy to fall in with them, to repair to the Kntrance of theGulphof Lepanto, attack the Caftles there, ami lay waftc the Country in or- der to provoke them to a Battel. Both Meets being thus in Motioo, with the lame Defign of cnjjamng each other, they arrived oWftj. cherat having only one ot the Oirzotaircs Illands between thcni, when at Break of Day the Turks delcryeil the Confederates coming about a Point of the Idand, and were, when the whole appeared Jo view, greatly furpri/ed at the Number and Strength of tlic Gillies, lb contrary to the Intelligence they had received. When they were advanced within a Mile of each other, Aly lirej a Gun, as a Signal for engaging, which was anfwcrcil in like man- ner from the Gaily of Don John, and then the Turks, with greit Shouts, advanced towards the fix Gale;incs di([)olcd in a Line alieid of the confed*" itc Fleet ; but were received by lb terrible a Fire from thole floating Caftles, that, at the firft Dilcharge, Icvcral of the Turkijh Gallies quitted the Line ; ncverthelefs they kept on their way, but in palling between the Galeaffes, were lb cruelly battered fiom their Broad fides that not only many Mafts came by the Board, but they were alio much dilabled in their Yards and Rigging. Some Ships were Ihot through and through, others Id their Rudders (truck off, Icvcral were iccn in Flames, and Ibmc dc- fcrted by their Companies, who in Dclpair leap'd into the Sea, which was covered with floating Oars, Mads, Yards, Casks, and Meo, Such great Execution did theic Galealfcs do among the Enemy, which was a Contrivance as fuccelsful as it was new. In the midft of this Difbrder, Siroch, who commanded the Ene- my's Right Wing, Icparating from the reft of the Fleet, bore down under the Shore towards the Chriftians Left, but ylugujline B»rbt- rigo, who commanded there, perceiving his Motion, advanced in good Order to meet him, and dilpolcd that Divifion lb advantage- oufly near a Headland c3.\\cA Alahangulo, that the Infidels were pent up, and could not proceed in the manner they defigned, lb that in this Pofturc they began a terrible Fire, which did great Execution on both fides. Oluz-jlly in the Lett of the Knemy, and 1>ori» in the Confederates Right Wing, approached each other fevcral times, in order to engage, but both, being excellent Seamen, ftill cxpefled an Opportunity of Ibme particular Advantage. Oluz Jly, prepared for all Events, waited to lee how the Battel went iu the other Oi- vifions; Book III. ■ Chap. V. Ritinof the Kom. Empire. 231 vifioiii; but 7^or/<< hciiiij; greatly iiitciiot to the Kiicmy, who lud ninety Sail, and he hut jifty, cmlcavourcd only to keep ///y in lit- Ipciilc, that lb he ini^ht not iiiterpulc in allidin^ the utlier Squa- dforh. In the main IJotly Don 7o/)/i, Volouna., and I'cnicr, met the Tinks in excellent Order, ami, as they advanced, dilchar^oij rhcir Hroad (ides twice or thrice, and lome five times, which did great Kxccn lion, ami terribly dilinaycd them, who having very few skiUnl fhin ncri, and their (iailies being high-builr, many or their Shot (lew over thole ot' the Chridians : lint notwithlUnding all thcle Dilad Vintages, they ohrtinately advance«l, and on both fides were dil" cluri;cil liich Showers ot Arrows and hiillcts as licnied to darken (he Sky Here were four Ciallies engaged with three, there fix with fimr, and in lome 1'l.ices one iiillaiiicd the Attacks of leverul, the Men boarding each other's VefiTels, and w ith Swonls, 'Jnrlaircs, I'i- Ools, and Weapons of all ibrts committing a dreadful Slaughter, lb that in a (liort time the Sea was dyed with the lilood of the Slain. In the mean time Siroch and /iarhnrivo having been iiuartly en- caged, the (oriner found the oilv.i's Divifion impenetrable, ami that he could not advance a Ship's length farther, io that many of his Gallics being much Ihattcrcd, their Mails brought by the Board, and Rigging Ihot to pieces, he only endeavoured to keep his Men to their Duty, and adt upon the Dcfenfivc ; but notwithnanding all his Precautions, Icveral Commanders of his Gallies found the Work lb very hot, that they quirted the Line, and ran them alhorc, where their Companies leaped over-board in order to Cwim to Land, ex- cept Inch as were wounded, whom they left to the Mercy of the Auailers. In boarding the Enemy's Gallies, the ChriOians gave no Quarter, lb that, after Siroch was Hain, as he was bravely iighting ami eticouraging his Men, the red of the Infidels followed the Ex- ample of the others, and Iwam ailiore, five what fell by the Hands offheSlaves,who, when they found their Fellow-Chriftianslikc to pte- vail, broke their Chains, ici/cd the Arms of thole which had been killed, nr whatever came next to Hand, and bciag more animated by Thoughts of revenging their cruel Ulagc, tliau hopes of Liberty, nuiracrciT their Patrons and Odiccrs, inlomuch th^.t fcvcral Turkijh Gallics were lofl by the Fury and Rage ot theic deipcratc People. ^mnt and CanaU, who were in the other Point of this Left Wing, could not advance to that oppofitc to them, utitil moft of the Turks had quitted their VefiTels, and IWatn alhorc, but the Gallics were t\ 7 one taken or liuik, and all the Men found on board them li\thc Centre Don John fingled out and engaged the Gaily o(j1- h\ nor wanted Cotonna and A^iw/^r, on cacii fide of him, their Aotagouills, whom they fought with great Valour ; and as each of the Ac^nirals were attended with (bme imall Gallies, ib did they from time to tinie lupply them with Men in room of thole who fell, inlbmuch that here toe Battel raged ia ail its Fury. They had becu long en- gage^ 'iA'2 Naval fran/dlwNs Jhicc the BookIII. H ^ ■ , ^H \^\1 1 'il ^a^cil wirlioiit .my apjuixiit Advantage on cither fide, ijll Navs 101111111', lo Don '/!//)// of liiirbiirii^()\ Siiccfis in the I.iti Winy^, he, jealous of being iol)l);'tl by the I'liirtiaus of tlic (ilory ol ilnsVi dtoiy, rcdoubletl bis Attacks, and fired with iiiercdiblc Iniy upon rbt Kiicmy. -//y, as be was cneonra^ing his People by liis own Mxaniple to luar up a}.',ainll this vij^orous t'barge, was (lam by aMul- kct llior, npon u bieb the Sjxinidttli iniinediaiely b«)ai(liii^ Insdal ly, (liiKk lir. Siaiidard, and tbeCbrillians cried out I'lUory, /';.'/,,., to eiK'ouiage one aimther, and terrify the llarl)aiians, (o ili.ii tlicic was now an exceeding Slaiighrcr of liic lurks, who fiiflcicd them Iclves lo l)c killed uiilioiir Kefillancc. 'Dona and 0/«^, ///y wcie ycr o!)lerviiig each other's Divifioii, till at liiigtb the former, fearing be flioiild l)C turceil againll liisWill to engage, got farther out to Sea, whereby he (lill gained liis h\\ of kei ping Ills I iiemv in fii(i)eiuc. IJut ciglit of the yciii'ttunilin- mandeis milliulliiig 'Dori.t's Inrcntions, and imaginiug be was ilnlr ing loi bnnlell, leparated from that Wing, and lay flill with then Oars apcek betwien it and the main IJody, whole Mxainple was pic- linily lollowed by five others. Oliiz. ylly immediately took tlic Advantage ol liiirouiuling llieic dallies, but \\k I'eiutians, ihoiijih |o very mucb unequal in Number, dclendcd themlelves wiili great Valoiii, till at length being oveicoinc, they were all [nit in ik Sword. He then made the l)eH of his way towards the mam llody of the /////•//A Meet, ■M\i\ 'Dona perceiving Don '/wAw's Siiccds, flruck in with his whole Right Wing againfl the llaibariaiis who began to (ly. The Manjuis of Santa ('r/tz, as ionn as the Siiioik would permit hiin to (ec what was to be done, alio caiiu in wiili his liody of Refervc to join iii I'urliiit of the linemy; and OIik- ,1ly (iiiding that not only ///v's Standard was (Iriick, but tint flic IJody ol ilie lb et was entirely broken, croiided all tiie Sail lirtoiiid, and cliaped with thirty (iallus, all ibc rc(l of his Divifioii btiiigci .I'f ther (link or taken ; and hereupon the Turks coaled (roiii iii,ikiii|; ;""' farilier !<( fillance. In ilie initlll of the Coiifiifion and Djlordcr no /!//'./ j/iT"(' cafioiieil by the lligbr of ibc Vainpiifhed, and Ptirliiit of tlic (.'"ii- !<,■„ i|iierors, 'I'crtanl) efi aped in Ddgniie in a iinall Hoat, his (iaily lav- ing been taken by 'I'mtrUrfiu. The 'i'lirks loll thiity ihouland Men in this Kngagcmciir, tlic blooiliell they ever knew fmce the Klbbliflnnent of their Eiiipiic, and live tboiiland being taken l*ri(<>ners, there were ainongfl then) (lie two Sons ol ///v, with leveial other I'erlons of Diflindlioii. Tlic Chriflians took no lels than a hundred and thirty (iailies, witluvc- ry great iJooty ; ninety more were either ran alliore, (link oi liiirii'J twenty thouland Cbiiflian Captives let at liberty, aiul liefnlcs ihcj Pillage of ilie lllands, there were many rich Mfleds the Kiiciiiy lutij laki n out of Merebanr Ships, all which was divided among thcSciJ men ..ml Soldiers, exiept ilie Pii(()ners, Ciallics, anil Art ilkiy, wliitli weie fliiCil by the three confe«leratc Powers engaged in thcWarl 'Ibis liaiiel was foiigbi very near the lame Place where //«^«M defeated Marc Anthouy^ and howfoever that light has been cclcj briic lUt I'uil,'. ■ tilt , 6r.itcil (iilcrab Fame ai of ll'VCl .S(rcni;r ami 01)1 iiri'ly er mired a Men, 1 1 KiUlit which N cm Imim aniimaiii fxW tlic ri aiiiiiuiiii|. too lime him Ijice Vii'iorv with IVIar Ni^lit ( flicConqii whence fl all the Cli let our foi to Ihciid tl by Vcnier TlurOf rhfs Vidory Dilordcr rli( rlicir Doinii the {Weeks ofT the Tur Wi'icii the "inch alarm who >vas th ''ic Spoils o calm the Mi pcalcil the i: Among rh 'lic'ro|)i.'.s SI: 'on of Wir ai 3f well as Cti ''«n in flic ; I'out ir. He the Day; t|,c WCfCof.n;;,.-!, I Arrows; and "' tl'cir (Jallic P«''g liieltcrct :'• J BooKlll. I Chap.V. Kim of the Rom. Empire. bntcil b) :Ii' Ancients, 'ris hirtl to judge which was the mod con- fulcrablc; fi»r as the ftrll cxcooilcil in the Number of VcfTcIs, rhc V;imf aiul M;'f?"i'''^'cncc of riic I'rcp.uations, and tlic great Concourlc ot iivcral Nations ; lb this iiiip.Wlal in the goor. Condition und Sircnurh of the (lalhcs, the I.cii'',rh ot the Adion, and the Comayc ami Obllmacy of the Coinharants. Afarc /Intlwny's Kiighr imniciTi- tftdy crnwnal his Kncuiy with Viiilory, but here the Chriliians dil- piircil a long time b' fore they could obtain it, and loll many more Men, ilio'tlicy tiid not draw near lb great Advantages from it. Mi^iit rl"nilanil of the bravcll in the Fleet loll their l.i.cs, of wliicli Nuniher were twenty I'cnctian Captains, of the moll anci- ciii JMiuilies of the Ucpui^lick ; .\\u\ /luii^iijlinf niirbarii^o , who toinimndi'd the Left Wing, was fuigly regretted almoll as much as all the rdl. He had broke the Kni-'niy's Right Wing, and as he was aiiiiiuiin^ his Mv.ts then ^t/ldrianople, building a Mofqttc and Holpital with the- Spoils oii^ypruiy immctliately repaired to his capital City, to calm die Minds of the People, and by his Prclencc Ibmcwhat ap- pealed the Diibrders there. Among the Priloners which were taken in the Fight, and fell to ihcl'opt's Share, was Ahhemet Hey, Saitfi^iac of Nfuropuntc, a Pcr- loii of Wit and good Scnle, who was acquainted with the Manners, as well as Cnftoms of the Chrifli-is; and lomc Romans who had hccn in the Adion, took great delight in dilcourfing with him a- bout it He lold them two things prmcipally gained the Chriftiau!) thelXiy; the firll, their great Numbers of Musketecr.s wholi: Anus were (•! luiich more Auvaiirugc in Fight than the Turks Darts and Arrows ; and the lecond, the Boatds let up Bread high on the fidcs ot their (Jallies, in manner of Parapets, with which their Soldiers \^^% llidtcrcd, they fired or. rhcir Enemies with tar greater Aflii- H h laiicc. 233 I oniCliijiin ■ Itlh'ii, ,1)1 J I hat 0/ All* M'lic y\ III ho- lly. Many (I/ri- ll .III, lU,H m I 'f liaitt . lltdChiijIiani rtliit Id iht neaiejl Uar- hoHri. Vi'iiicr fUM- iiiiii 4 (aial I nor l/y not laii.linjl m iht Muic«. (I'rMf Cial TranfaBions fince the I^ook III. rancc. One oF tliclc Gentlemen iaying that the Grand Signiot'j Lois in the Hatrcl of Lepanto was much greater than the Advan. tagc he reaped by the Conqueft oidyprns, Mchemet aniwcrcd with a Smile, That they had only Ihavcd his Maftcr's Ucard, wliich would fbon grow again ; but that the taking of (Cyprus was lopping off a a Liml> from the Body of the Vetictiau State, which woulit never J /« Turks lit {k rejoined. And indeed what he laid was loon verified, by the tut aaumir- ff^fj^j fitting otif, with iucrediblc Dilpatcii, a numerous Fleet un- der the Command of 0/«£--^/y, with which he came down to the Coafts of the Morea, and Ibmc flight Skirmilhei happened between *** him and the Venetians : Who at length, being not duly liipportcd by the King of SpatHy became wc.iry of the War, and flruck una V'T/m.tkl" "^^'^ ^"'^ ^^'^ Turk, by which they rclinquilhcd all further Pre- i-t.ut with tcnfions to the Ilk of Cyprus. ihrm. About this time it was that Henry III. of France, going {'tomfo- land to 'Paris, to I'uccced in the Ihronc then become vacant by the Dcccalc of his Brother Charles I\, took the City of Venicf m his way ; and the Senate, who thought thcmlclves highly honoured witii his I'rclcnce, being willing to llicw at once both their Power and Magnificence, among other Honours and Iplendiil Entcrtaiii- racnC;;, they invited him one Day to dine at their Arlcnal. As he ;/y#Vfnc»i«ns fj^c down to Table they Ihcwed him a Launch lb etitircly clear, 'i'n'jiwHt'itn *''** '^"'^'^ ^vas not lb much as a Stick of Timber on it ; but they immediately went to work on a Ship, ami run her up in his Sight with fuch Expedition, that ftie was compleated, and all her Guns nut on board time enough to be fired at the firft Health the King began, alter Dinner, ro the I'rolpcrity of the Rcpublick. The next Naval War the VenePians were engaged in was with the UjcQifues, a vagabond Ibrt of People, confifting oX ttHn^artans,Sem- atiSy Croat ians, and 'Dalmatians, who coinmittcil Piracy in the Qiilph oi Venice, and wcic Knemies both to Turks and Cnriftian'i ; but more particularly to ihc Venetians, who had the greatcft Trade in that Sea. They received Ibmc IVotcdtion from the Emperor, as ArclHtuke of /lujtria, and made Zegna, a Sea Port of Croatia^ within that Prince's hereditary Dominions, their chief Place of Re 7/«vcnciiji s fidcHCC ; for which Realon it the more concerned the Rcjniblick ro m'Zfhl'h *^''''*'P**° them: they gave the Venetians a great deal of trouble for above twenty Years, during which the War was carried on with little or no Interruption, and moll barbarous Hoftilitics were pradlilcd on both fir, and committed to them the Guard of the /frchipclap\ which Pirates, under Colour of thatHii fmcls aligned thera, committed terrible I^epredations in the Giilph of Venici?, plundered all Ships they met with, and ravaged theCoafls both Naval IVan Ltlwetn Ve nice aiiJ iht li|ioi|iies. fitum. A. t>. 161H.1 ii Book III. ■ Chap.V. Kuln of tbc^om. Empire. lati rand Signioi'i » the Aijvan. anivvcrcd with I, which would s lopping off a h Would never tifial, by the :rous Fleet m,. ic down to the pcncd hctwccii dnly liipportcd and (truck up a all further I'rc- [?oing froin fo- )mc vacant by y of l^enic( in iglily honoured th (heir Power lulid Entertain- ficnal. As lie entirely clear, if ; hut tficy lip in his Sight il all her Guns calth thcKmg )lick. 11 was with the ^arianSf Servi- Piracy in the iiid Chriftiaiis ; grearcft Trade IC Emperor, as rt of Croatia^ ;f Place of Re c Rcpnblick ro I of trouble (or I on with little re pradl'iled on Dft their Fami- led to coininic igcd in i War lonj he, ta le- er all the Cor- I to them the )iir of that Hn \ in the Gulph get! thcCoalls botii 235 7//»Vpn(li;iilS ovrr(Oint 11- ihir I'll, till «/ Alfiicr, c/c A nixv War bctwfen I lit I inks and VcilClllll!!. both of NapUs and T)almatia. To t -"cIs tliclc Inlblcnccs, Ma- riHiis ('apfllo , the Venetian (Jcncral, went againll them with a Number of Gallics veil equipped, and cnj^aging them oil La Va- loiia, j^iivc thcnn a lignal Defeat, wherein tlicy had fifteen hundred Men killed, lijur Gullies liink, and twelve taken, with al)ovc fix- tccii Iniiulrcd Chrilliaii Captives on board, who were rellorcd to their Liberty. Ill 164T, a War broke out between the Rcpublick and the Twr/j-, upon occafion of the taking a Galeon, wherein was an old Officer (it the Seraglio, who was going to Aigypt in his way to Mecca, Willi Icvcral other Turks ot Qiiality of both Sexes. The Knights oi MtiiO had Ici/ed thisVefTci the Year before, and to make it ap- pear the more confiderable in the World, gave out, that they had t,iken a Son of the Grand Siguier's, whom his Mother was lendinc; 10 Mecca to be circumcilcd. The Sultan then reigning was Jifta- him, one of the nioft brutal of Mankind, who hearing of this Lofs tell into the moll furious PafTion, and making a thoulaml Vows that he woiilJ root out the Chriftian Name, he immediately let about the greateft Preparations for War which had ever been known in thcOr- /offw« Empire, el'pecially by Sea. Upon this the Pope, the King of J] Saracens a Fleer to o( the Klj'id ( in Ca(a/o», fended the IflaiidsofC (o powerful able to opp taken to wa the fifaiis, ther Nations ThcCoaf Rm Scat taking their ont one anoi fa&its, borni the fifans 1 Getwffe wer took an Exp liiccels/ijl, as in a Sea Fig however Dif{ of the Spoil, tions, 'till at Their Sea Fi| were Conque by very man able. The GcHoe the 'Pifans a I'elves of Til Pifi, would Iwbitants (\vh theHoufes and that then with this Dilg in Sicily, and over them, de Sea Fight, anc f^ and of/ osSyracufe, Win. I Chap. VI. Rtiln of tK "lorn. Empire. 2351 The Naval Wars of the Genoefe were chiefly with thefe three Na- tions, the Saracens, the Tifans, and the Venetians ; and their mod ancient Expeditions, after the Rcdudion of Corfica and Sardinia^ were thole to Syria. In the firft Holy War after the taking ofjln- tioc'h ^^f' Embriachi, Admiral of the Genoefe Fleet in the I,e- vant, reduced Scleucia^ Anti^atris and C^farea^ together with Thy take /i- Acre, Gibet, Tripoliy Baruth, and Icveral other Cities of Syria '^^'s'u"'"j i^'Pbemia : And io vigilant were they, that wherefocver the Hiffimur Saracens appeared, there preicntly were the Genoefe ready with a Fleet to oppofc them. They recovered from out of their Hands the trtj'id of Minorca^ and took Almeria in Granada^ and Tortofa^ Aifo Minor- in Catalonia, with prodigious Slaughter of the Infidels, who de- ": "»''/'*«" tended them : Long before which, they djCpofTeflTcd them of the %mTh,'^i. racens. They war ■with the Pi- Illinds of Cotftca and Sardinia, in which Conquefls they were a<- fillcd by ^///^ (the Son of C6!;t witlJ him, which laftcd from Mornin|i; till Night, wherein .it Kngth lie loft fifteen Sail, and had much ado to elcapc with the icnuiiiiniifiyc to Ttja. It was now the time for chufing a new Podefl.it ar ili.it I'ljcc, the annual chief Magillr-itc of that Rcpublick, and they tledlar/V ter Morojiiit a Vi'iu'ttnu^ ho|)ing by Inch a Choice to eii^a^c that State on their fiJc, which ever fincc the Beginning of the War li; ' rAry ail 4- continued Neuter. They lent out their new Podellat with Icvciuy twoCiallics againrt the Ciemejh^ who on their Part detached a Fleet of eighty (jallies and eight Frigates under the Command of Aukn ^Ihruiy Cotiradc Sptnola being his Vicc-Admiral. Iktwcen the /f nmnhi, Mallora and Leghorn the two Fleets met, where 'Doria^ to prevent yilf'luli'ZT ^''*^ F'licmy's cleaning, placed one Squadron between them and the I'lU 4«j(,p- Shore; and another Divifion, under Henediit Ciacaria, wasdilpo- imi. »n,i ih, jpj jjt J convenient Dil^ancc, to come in, upon occafion, (o the Re- „""" ' '" lief of (iich Ciallics as lliould be didrcfTed, with a J endcr for each Gaily. The i^i/dns were much interior in Number, but iiotwith- ftanuing ^Doria's Precautions, they got near enough to the Shore to fight under the Protcdlion of the Calllcs oi Lei^hotfi. Alorojiniki chc Command of their Right Wing, and the Son of Count 'i/J^c/i/i was in the left, in the Admiral (iaily oCPi/a, dilplayiiig the chief Flag of the Rcpublick. The Dilputc was long and obfiinatc, till at length the (jenovfc made thcmlclves Maflcrs of the Admiral GjI- ly, anr/c> gained a cotnplcat Vidtory, pofTcfling thcmlclves of thirty Gallies, having already liink fbvcniii the Heat of the Lngagcmcnt, the red with diniciilty, under Co- vert of the Night, getting I'afc to T'tja The Number of the Slam on the Side of the T'tfans amounted to above five thoulaiul, aiid very many were taken I'rilbncrs, among whom was the PoiicHa: himlclf, and the Son of Count 'Violin, who were lent, with the rdl to Cienoa^ where they were found to be no Icls than nine thouliind; which i»avc Rile to a Saying in Italy tiiat, If one would fie Hh he tnuji go to Genoa. This Vidory was lb tonfidcrabie that ihc Qcnoefe Senate canlcd the 6''' oi /lugujly the Day on which it was obtained, to be kept as a Iblcmn Annivcrlary, and the Flag that was taken from the Enemy was hung up in the great Church of St. v^/y li'f;iics, wli Ships and to liirri'iulc Ii(K)K III ■ (j„ ;;; vi. Ruin of the Koni. Empire. 241 CUD. ;ii ftrc.iily ariill.iiit boili \n tlic Kiii^s of ylrrni^ofi, uikI tlic rs ()[(i<< y'l'i/cafor, (iovcrnor of the South Parts ot the MotvUt '-h- liliiiJ (it /'V/a', pimiiicicil /<(;i;A'V/7», dellroycil the fowci at the Kii- "■ •■d ii,i,,ciii the I'oii ol ■/'//''. .Mill cairicti away il»c C'luiii which was i',',''',,'{/'''/i 1,1,1 11 nils tor its Sciiiriiy. I hi^ IMow was lo fatal to the 'I'ipins, ;.r.,.' .\/,/,«,// ,),„ tiny KMiltl iicvei recover ir, and at oiue tlkre was an end jnit '" ''" ''"•"'»■ tdiliii I'liwcr wliiih hail lonncily inielled \.\\c.Sat mens, and drove iliciii nii( iA' SaiHtiiiii, ih.ii: h.ul reduced 7'// ///j-, and lent its Kini:; I'liitivc to til'' Roman Pontili', taken 'I'alvrmu, the Capital ol .V/<7- .<« «-/./ fnt /,, troiu ilio .V//rrfn//.r. uiili prodigious Siaii^luer ol ihe liarbari- '''"^^'^^*^' iinr, liad opened ilie w.iy to Syria lor the Chrillian l*rinces, and |,j(| been fitcaily allillant both to the Kin^s of y/rrat^on, and tiic Kiiijicrors (iciioifi Ihin - .,-.. . _ ^ -- - Willi .1 Nuinher of GV7/o<;A' Ships which were lent as Auxiliaries to 1,1111, t«iik the City of Caiulta^ and Icveral other Places ol cliai Ifland '|^'^ ^^^ZlT tioiii ilic /'t7/<'//»- uililld hy two I'erions of Senatorian Rank in the Nature of Col- AU,f,uu,^ui- li);iics, which iirivuldi, in his way to Syrta, took three Venetian SliijiN and atiackini^ the Citadel of Acre, in a Ihott time lorced It t(i liirieiuier i to revi iu',e which l.ols, the Venelians lurpriicd and |miiulcieil 'Vera and h'ochia, two wealthy Settlements ol the (.ienoe/i; iiiuUaiiiul (iH' a l5ooty of immcnle Kichcs. As they were return- 111^ iKMiie, under the Command of lioi^er Morv/iniy they were ar- tadcil l)y Nnlwlax Sputola, the iienueje Admiral, who recovered iIi'Ddoiv, and cninely defeated them, taking five and twenty of ill. II (i.illies. Hriiij^ got ready a Fleet of leventy three S.iil, they ytwt Lambo 7) w. at the Head of it, who lailiiig into x\\cAdriatuk in quell of A. I) iiv«. ikrcurfians, fell in, o{l'(,'urxiola, with their Fleet tomtnanded by .liiiicx 'bandoio, confilliiig of double the Number of the (Senoe/e. Notwirhnanding this great Superiority, he bravely engaged them, ih,yi,.u tU* Jiul with li) good Succcls, that he took or dellioyed the whole y,'",""" I led, except twelve Cialhes which got ort , very much Ihattercd. llic I'cnetian Admiral was taken I'rilbucr, with above fevcn thou- liuil othcts ; with which Misfbrtuuc he was lo iiuich alfliClcd, that I I lie • r/n ../ II., Vi'lirlMliS 242 Ndval Tranfatl'tons fwcc the Book 111 A Hi i f' 'f V,' 1; ,■ ' IS 11^ ikr t fllin w\ w\ nm i< ;ii 1 i|yiiiH i'H 1 HlwHi [ IHi ti ' ' nraHDl 1 V' 'if 1 IihIKI tlf jMi. 'tlOL iiffly 1 Im iliini 4 /^« ((»< ttil-'vr tti jf ih$ 4«./ \'c;ii.c, atui jjain teat ihi Ve- lU'tuns and their CoiiJ'e- Jeraiei. A. D. ij,-i. T«e (ircsk l.tripcrar jor- iCit 10 make I'eace with Ihe Genotfe •i^aiu ovtr- c mc iht Ve- l.ilte \•^m^■ gulh, and oh- li^^t the King of Cyprus 10 • Duke of Mttait, witn Tetcr dc Lujignan, Kmg ot Cyprus^ who rook this Opportunity of breaking his late Treaty. The Genoefe Fleet UDikrLiuiau iJoria^ entriiig the Adr'tatick, fell in with that of F^- «/fc, commanded by Vitlor 'Pifani, and immediately engaging each other, thcv fought with grcac Bravery on both fides ; in which Dil- piire the Genoejt Admiral was Ilain with an Arrow. But that which uliially occafions the Lois of a Battel, (which often follows the Fate of the General) here greatly contributed to the obtaining the Vic- tory; for thole who were near him, feeing him fall, vowed Re- venge to his Manes, while thofe who were at a greater Diftance, (deceived by another Pcrlbn who took his Port, appeared with the (jme Arms, and fought with the like Rcfolution) thought it a Dif- hnnoiir not to imitate the Example of their luppoled Admiral : So that at length they gained a compleat Victory, the Enemy retiring ^^^Venetiam with the Lofs of fifteen Gallies. Hereupon the Genoefe lailcd up ^'''/"fverlt' x\\z Adr'iatick after them, iud feizcd HumagOy on the Coaft of/- i>hcc< i.,kfn J/ria, which Succcfs was followed loon after by the Redudtion of ''>''" *^'^'^- Grado and Canrtc. Proceeding thence, they attacked ^Paleflrina and Cbiozza, both in the Neighbourhood of Venice , and carried the firft with little or no Rcfiftance, but the latter coll them a Siege. This was undertaken by Peter 'Doria, whom the Genoeff had lent out with a Reinforcement of fifteen Gallies to fucceed Lucian^ (lain in the late Fight. He forced Chiozza to furrender, and reduced the ^t'> "'" Venetians to liich Extremities, that they would gladly have accept- r,.')l« VcnK* cd a Peace on any Conditions, and fcnt Minifters to implore it at '" ?'">/ i-:>:- his Hands; but he fatally relblving to continue the War, well nigh '"""""• complcatcd the Ruin of his Country. However, after this, he re- duced the Town and Ifland of Malamocco, but in a Ihort time was ilaiu in an Engagement near Loredo, as is bcforementioned, and left ik(Jenoefe Affairs in an ill Condition to his Succeflbr GafparSfi- nok After this the Venetians had fuch fignal SuccclTes, that they ;,,7-"}^fc;'enoa dilpoflcfled them of all their Acquifiiions in thofe Parts, and forced <>/«// heroic- them to retire out of the Adriatick ; fb that the Genoefe becoming 'I'^f"'"'"',*'!^ weary of the War, were glad now to accept of a Peace they had of'plJce'"^' late lb haughtily refiifed. a. d, r jS.. liz AWar !'■'' 244 Nav^tl Jhififdliofts fiftcc the Book III. I Ch- »iii h$unn lU (ivniiole unci. uiili I In II"- |Olilllli.% bill- len utiir < li" llliiii.l. till 'If,.! " iiJltii lion I lie (Jciiiii'fo lu'.t li'i I- //.ifir/i N n li I .1(1 / Aii'lii A. M. I 111. A I'l-tif null if Ml rllt Vi • till t •ml • ii' III) I, Duke o\ MtUn, who w.is in Alhaiite wirhf,,. nody am! in their Kn^.i^cmcnts alliorc had j'oml Siicccls Init wire worOcil when they caiuc to (ij^ht with their (i.ilhcs on the 7'o. AV (hoLts '//rf//<, ''/ohn Strozza beini^ Podclliinl CicHOa, (Ibr lo their chief M.igillratc was then called) there were ap- pointed (befiiies the Conliils, who rxccuteil the (Cilice of Jiulgo) four of the principal Ciri/ens to allill him in the Care and Coi;iii- /anec of maritime Allairs, who were called the Conliils of thcSa The Republick was then in a very llourilhiiif^ Condition; for tnc Cities of Nice and ^'intnuit^lia lia|IK'll fll III till' riMt At lin;;t (if the Ilc'i united fur 1 live fi lilies \\\v) re|'iiir Nui'iIht nl'S (!cr the Shdi ver to Mtij W.ir III rlic ^ u'liniii th.ir tliciicc, lie, ( ty two (iailic The next V the ke|uiblK( I'.iieiiiii-;, in r iiiihli' Ciitiilaii iiih a lldoty pwv.', riglir a I iiny thiiij^ nil; Mill) thfin, it: iiiiirh cniild r( iij^ fh: SiMinci .iMil rh.it rhey «(ll, ihar lie I P'irr, niailc hi •if Men, nncl r. I';lt "f his wai "f ll'.e Kiicniy'; fctiiriicd in'lri ^i'l'lpkt and G Riinll thc//;rri tliJt ir caiiled a 'vw/,'»vj being 1 I'lidcr his Ai A/(;'Mvith a S gH'-ir C omplaini tlir Conor fi- Sh |"iHiUa| Siiiopf. ""icr to l.iy fi Tis 30 kIII. I CwapV^FI. Rtimof th'TKom.Effipirc. 2+5 ml I'htn- L-il thcTct- c wiihO'c S luit were if'/V. AV I "John (ill. L" of Ml Lin \ 'MOHiit enji,j- r) with likh wcnty ci^ht Hccr, iiuk- by Ji(tf>lhiil :i\ licin;', lie- ric inailc Ins rli a Fleet ot y rctircil, at- In tills iiui)' s Siiccfis, III! tlicin l)y thi; : moll atlv,\n- i 'Hiii (li'U'if fli"'"» i»»ilNi^'lir eoiiiiii^ on, hy help of th.- fidlowiiii; Stra- hu< .it,.„/< f.i"Cin, fiviiiirc«l his l-Kape. He took a Nii nher of wooilcn ''"'"'* • Stiiclds ami placiiij; Lamps in the Jldllow of them, let rhein alloat, ^"'"'''""' uliiili the '/>vr//7v/i;«« very mile h infertinj.', theCoafls ot the lU'iuiMick, and oiSardiiiiii, the two lonteiulin^ FaClioiis 'i>i-i'vcn!i>. united fur tlieir common Detence, and fitted onr a Fleer of ((»rry "^'J„'il"!h*,i; »^ liveCiillics thcCoinmind wlieieof was j»iveii xo /tiithony lltioialft^ Am.; i«,/ who repaitiiii.', to the C'oalls ot (.'jfa/u/i/a, liiipri/.ed a eonfuUrahle '"''''"»■*' Nmiihcr ol' Ships hehiiigiiii', tnT.irr/i^n//,!^ whieh lay at Anchor iiii '"' (!cr the Shore, and (It thiin all on Inc. From thence llreteliini; n- vcr to Ma/orra, he there made a Dcleenr, and formally ileelareij W.ir III the N.iine of the Krpnhli.k aj^ainll the Mii^ of /trr.r^'iii, to wlioiiith.it lll.ind, wirh /U///o;tv/, then helon^eil ; and I'eparimj^ A \\\\. tliciiee, he, oll'Torr Mahnii^ fell in with the Fjiemy's Fleet oflir- ty t«()(iallics, whieh he eiii;ji;cd and put to (hj.hr. The next Year, iS a /a^^ro Ixji^r/ cruiriii^ o([' Minorca with ten of the Ue|uihliek's (iallies, fell in with four Oont Ships of War of the luemie-;, in tlirir PalHi^c from Crr^luiri to liarcr/ona, with leveral \]«hk (Mta/iii/s and their Families He was lelulved not to let lo iiih .1 llooiy eleape hiin, ami thcrclore, though the Flnemy were jvnii;; ri^lir alcrc the Wind w ith a Irelh (Jale, he would nor leave nnv ihiii^ iiiiarteiiipred which init'Iit lontrilnite to his coming; up \uili thfin, iiil'inimh that he lii;lirened his (Jallies of every tiling; wlikli iTiiild rct.iiil their way, aiid threw <)\erall his Provifious, tell- iii; rh' Seiim',-n rherc was enough oii hoard the Ships heloic them, ,iml th.it rliey mull overtake tliein, or llarvc, This Kiccecdet! lb '/" '".'cnnc'c Will, ih.ir he iium came up with the Ships, and, afier a linarc Dil- '."!'/.'.',"''• p'ltr, made himlelf Mailer of them, killini» a eonfideiahic Number of Men, niul taking levcu humlied I'riloners. 'riicncc makinj» the '^"•>S'jii. klhd his way for Sarehnia, he on that Coaft mer with rcu Sail if the I'liicniy's Sliijis wiiich he alio engaged, and raking thciu all, irturncd in Triiimpn to (.Irttoa : Ami now the Quarrel between the it't ^i,,.vrii (intli'hj Mu\(iihr nines icvivina, there was nothing more done a- f '",''7"'". S!,imll the Atra^ouvfc \ but the Diviiions in the City were lo great, (.ihriimcs ,,- tlutir canleil an Alrcration in the Form of Govermucnt, Simon Hoc- """'■ cimjii being made the firfl Hogc. I'mlcr his Aflminiflration, Smo/j ^larto was lent up i\\c/1rcln- Ciii!n„'iim'! /''■/(^Mvith a Stpr.idron of nine (iailies, who arriving at Tvra^ had cungi,! iht i;fc,irCompl,iinrs made ro him of rhe Deprcilations cominictcd o\\i"J'"^i'- tlir Vicmrfi' Ships by XnrabiSy a Mahometan Prince, who then I'lilldled Siuopoli ; whereupon he made iiiil towards that Place, in otJcr to lay ficgc to it; but on his Arrival there, Zarabis en- gaging •III, I Ulll /»- ri.il stiff of Naval Traf/foBiom fi/icc the Book 111. ■ C.ap V I he Kmn cf Mi)ruci.(). A. I), ms i^.igin^ by Treaty not to inolcft the Gcnocj'c in their Trade any more, lie repaired to Capha, in Little Tartary^ tlieii a flourilhiiig Settle- ■ihtVrt.i,i.t,y incut of the Republick's. Upon his Departure, the Inndcl, with. «/^M.iii(.iiic- f^^^l 3„y regard to !iis Treaty, relblvcd to Icize on iomc Cfiwrff un j'imce. jvy^rchant Sliips richly laden, in their way to the Ilulkjpout, ami went out witlj a Squatlron of ten Gallies tor that piirpoic; but ^ifiuto receiving Intelligence ofhis Defigii, reinforced his Sinuilroii 7V,«c;enrcfe With fonic Gallics which were at Caph^i, and failed in quell ofZ;- '-'"■'h '''!'■'< rabist witii whom engaging, he entirely defeated him. Abopt the lame time a Hcct of twenty Sail was lent under the Command of G'/At lioccdu'ifi^rii^ the Doge's Urothcr, to the AHilhiicc ■ihty «ififl iht 0i[ yjipljotifus , King oH (JaJtiU; then cngageil in a War with /^c/;. {\\\c llillfl "Jacobs King oi' A forccco, who rendered great Service to tlur Pniicc againll his Kncmics ; and loon after liiijl'fiius Aigubius was line nut with another Fleet oa the lame Sei vice, who took or dcHroyed twelve of the Enemy's Gallics. In 134), * f'cc^ ^'^ twenty nine Sail wa.i fitted out uiulcr the Command of Shnon y'l^nofo^ on ooanl each of the Ships whcrtot were put two hundred Archers ; ami belbre the Admiral fee liil, the Standard of Sr.6Vw')/;^<', Patron of 6't 'i iht Ilk K(uil tncre. I he iicnoc/p not long alter threw ofF the (iovcrnmcnt of the M,iK|ms o: idontferat \ and in 1417, Thomas Fre^oJ'e being Doge, a. u. i-m?. iiiulci Peace with tlie b'rcnch^ who 'till that time only waited an ihr„-:r ojfihi Opjviitimity 10 rceover the Ciovernment of the Rcpublitk into their '',""""" HaiuN; hut now (he Emr/i/hy under /7^«ry V, being Matters of the l// )!,"'<,' ^tiatcll I'aic of the Kingdom, the Regent willingly tame into an ''"i"- '^'"i' AccoimniHla'ioii that miglii be of ulc to him againll his Kncmy. By ''''•'=■ this Iriaty Fti<^o/i' eiii'a^cd Uj hiriulh the French with eight great Dfuds as many (lalh'S, and fix hundred Crolsbow Men, com- ii'n.ii.iihi maiidd hy ynhri (ititnaldiy who did great Service againll the A";/!,'- |,j,^)|))''/^/ ///A The two KIccts each confining of above a hundred Sail, came V.nyiiili. to an Kiigagemcnt in tlie Mouth of the Seine., where the (ienocje tor a long time liiftained the moll vigorous Attacks of the Enemy, ^ *'-' '"'*'*' andrlic Ship commanded by Laurence Foglictta defended it Icif a- I'l't""" o* j^ainft levcn F.n^itjh Ships, 'till Ihe was at length dilcngagcd by the m»iie .i«(i Dexterity of a Sailor, who cut the Cordage which held the Stage '^"t'''^' fkl'.ti^iijlj had thrown over to her Deck from one of their Ships, lint iidtwithllanding all the KlT^uts the Ccnocjc could make, the I'rmb loll the liartil, wherein 'John de Franqiimimt^ the Son of the Vice Admiral was (lain, and the Ballard of Bourbon.^ who com- '''' I'/ench nuiiclal ihe ricct, leniiined a 1 riloner to the r.iij^lijhy who alio /.,„(■«. took tour of rhe (iniorfi- Carracks, on board which was a Sum of Men.) tor the Pa} nuiir of three Months Wages for the whole Hcct. Ill 14111, All'hiwjha Kir.g of Arra^ou invading the Ifland of Cor- ^ '^ '■'^'*' /«, luiK,V//('.7 nreknrly liirrcmli'ted 10 him, and proceeding thence 111 /W//V'7o l.iiil IV ge to rhat Place, carrying on the lame with Inch Vii;nurtliar rhe Inhaiiitants being loon reduced to great DiOrcIs, dil- lutdicJ a Meinnger to Genoa xo defire Ipecdy Relief, whereupon 'X-- ('i-im.cIc ']oh:i Htiptift /v/;!j^/<' was lent with a Sijuadion of Icven great Ships 'l\[\^['[''.^''^°/ t« thoir Ailillaiue. Kiu^ A/photi/tis, to prevent the City's receiv- .?.i.»// //.« iii'!;.iny Rilicf by Sea, llmr up the Kntrance of the Harbour with ^''-i' "./ Aira- a llnatiiig Boom, con filling of great Planks chained together, which '^"' Wis dttaidcd within by live large Ships ranged in a Line, (iom the trt'o oiitcrmoll whereof were Stages laidacrols to the Shore, as there j «irc alio from one Ship to the other ; and on each fide of the Hirlunir's Mouth were railed Batteries of Cannon. On the Arrival l"t /'((jfl/l^ oii' ni' /ionifach, the Garrilbn lent him Advice, by u 'iMtioiis Swimmer, of the State of their Aflairs, by whom he fig- "ifol liis Dircdhons to them to keep a good look out on their Walls-, and Hi ii1 1 Bonifacio harbour. Ship that be- commanded by Thty relieve Corfica. 24.8 Naval TranfaBiom Jmc the BookIII I Chap.V] and CO be very vigilanr, that fo they might prevent a Surprize, whicii the Enemy would probably now attempt; and whcntky (hould oblcrvc he was attacking the Boom and Ships, to Tally out jtnj ireaiing ^yith a Body of ftout FcUows, cach with an Ax in his Hand, and cut the Bo,m m ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ Ships wctc held. The firtt can the Attack was one of confidcrable Force, i James Benicia, which going afore the Wind with a bri^k Gjir, forced her way through the Boom, and opened a Paflagc to the Enc my's five Ships. Being immediately followed by others, there be- gan a warm Difpute, which was maintained for a long time with confiderable Lois on both fides. At length a skillul Diver, armed with a Helmet on his Head, and a Scymitar hung to his Side, threw himfelf into the Sea, and fwimming under Water to the Enemy's Ships, cut their Cables; which being thus loolcd foon fell foul of one another with great Deftrudion. The Haibour being rhu*^^ open- ed, Fregoje put into the Town his Reinforcement for the Garnlbn, with a Supply of Provifions, and paffing through the midft of the Enemy's Fleet, which waited for him on the Harbour's Mouth, re- turned fafely to Genoa. Now frefn Difturbances arifing in the City, feveral who had been bufie in fowing Sedition, were fentenccd to Banilhmcnt, who repair- rt< Duke of ing to Thilip Duke of Milan, fo cffecaually pleadcJ their Caulc with fJve" t! at- bim, that he reiblved to attack the Republick, and for that put- fact them, pole hired eight Gallics of the Arragonefe, which he added to a num- ber of his own, to attempt them by Sea. This Fleet he put under the Command of Raymond Corvariani, who, in the Mouth of the ./irno, engaged the Genoefe Fleer, and with fuch Succefs that he took five dailies, together with Baft'tfi Fulgofe, the Admiral who com- manded them ; upon the News of which Defeat the City fubmitted it lelf to *Philip. Under his Government their Affairs very much declined, the Turks taking from them all that they poffeflld in the ., Black Sea, and infefted them with a Squadron of Gallies even in "liepothem. their vcry Port, where the Infidels landed, and carried off a great Booty. 'Philip being engaged in a War with Alphonftis King of Arragon (who was al(b King of both Sicilies^ to wit, the Illand of that Name and the Kingdom of Naples) he fent out BiupoAf Thty beat the j-^^g^^ ^j jj^j. j-fcad of the Geuoefe Fleet, who entirely defeated the gon! "* Emmy o^ Gaeta, and took Alphonftn himfelf Prilbner, together with Icveral other Peribns of great Qiiality. Soon after this, the Genoefe, upon occafion of the Duke of il//- lan's ill Treatment of them, refolved to throw off his Yoke, and, under the Condudt of Francis Spinola, executed their Dedgo, dri- shake off the ving all the Milanefe out of the City, and killing Opizini Jlzate, vuke 0/ Mi- thg Perlbn whom the Duke had made their Governour. Then fettling the Adminiftration of the Government in the Hands ofilx Officers, with the Title of Defenders of the publick Liberty, (in oppofition to Thilip and Alphonfus, who were now reconciled) they efpoufcd the Caufc of Ren^ Duke of Anjou, Alphonfus\Co^- They ej}Mi(i, pctitot for the Crown of Naples, and, notwithftanding all the Et- He beats them at Sea, and they fub- mit to him. The Turks do much Mi, Ian, and fet- tle their Government on fix. Rene Duk^of f tg of their Enemies, eftablilhcd him in that Kingdom, pies. Not BoqkIII ■ Chap.VIL Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 24.9 It a Surprize, id when th(y •, to lally out Hand, and cut Ship thatbc- ommanded by a bri^k GjIc, igc to tlicEnc- hers, there bc- ong time with 1 Diver, armed his Side, threw the Enemy's on tell toulof ciiig thu^opctt- )r the Garnlon, e midft of the r's Mouth, re- who had been lit, who repair- heir Caulc with J for that pur- iddcd to a num- :t he put under : Mouth of the lefs that he took liral who com- City iiibmittcd lirs very much DofTencd in the Galhes even in ■ied off" a great bonfus King of wit, the Illand out BiupoAf :Iy defeated the (oner, together e Duke of jV/- his Yoke, and, eir Defign, dri- )f'tzm Jlzate, rernour. Then le Hands ofliii :k Liberty, (in 10 vv reconciled; Iphonfus's Com- iding all the Ef- om, Not Not long after happened another Change of Government among them, and Raphael Adorni was made Do^c, who was liiccccdcd by icvcial others in that Dignity, 'till at lcnu;ch the Republick came ai>ain into the Hands of the Dukes of Milan ; and under Lewis Sforzii, one of thole Princes, they became engaged in a War with Chirks VIII. the French King. The Gcnocfe Fleet was commanded h^Spnola, and that of the Ficnch by Mblani, who fought he- (mRapalio, when the latter received a total Defeat, Aliolani bc- ina taken Prilbncr, with all the reft of the Officers and Seamen who were not flain in the Fight ; and the Recovery oiRapallo, then held by the Enemy, was the Reward cf the Vidtory . But Francis I. in I) If, revenged this Dilgrace, and outcd Alaximilian Sforza of his Dominions ; (b that not only the Durchy of i^//Aw, but the State of Genoa^ came into the Hand: of the French^ who adminillcr'd the Government of the latter by Ott avian Fulgofe. In his time the Seas about Genoa were mightily infefted by the Droredations of Cortologi, a Pirate o'i Barbary^ in queft of whom a Squadron was detached under the Command of Frederick Ful- "of, the Brother of the Govcrnour; who failing over to Barbary, where they little cxpciited luch a Gueft, enter'd the Port of Bi/ir- td, and furprizcd fifteen Gallies and leven Saetia's\yins^ there, with a gteat Number of Chriftian Slaves on board, all which he fafcly brought ofT with him, after having lirfl: fired the Suburbs of the Town. The Gcnocfe did not long continue in Subjedtion to the French, the Emperor Charles V. laying fiege to the City and redu- cing it to his Obedience ; from whom neverthelefs the French foon after retook it, and their Fadtion, under the Command of Thilijf 'dim, defeated, in an Engagement at Sea, the Emperor's Fleet com- manJed by Hugh de Moncada. That Officer was flain in the Fight, and Icveral Pcrlbns of Quality remained Prifoners to the Genoefe only two Gallies of the Enemy's whole Fleet making their Efcape. The Prilbncrs were (cut to Andrew IDoria then the French King's Admiral in the Mediterranean, who (bon after tjuitting the French Intcrcft, and entering into the Emperor's Service, obtained of him, as a Reward for his Defedion, (which was attended with that of Gam) the Power of reftoriug his Country to its Liberty, at which time he fettled the Government of it in the manner it continues at this time. Under the Condudt of this IDoria, who was at the fame time at the Head of the Emperor's Fleet, they took Coron in the Morca from the Turks, and burnt feveral of the Enemy's Ships there, but T^wk put a Spanijh Garrilbn into the Place. The next Year he rcpairea again to the Relief of Core//, being then befieged by Lafi Be), Sangiac of Gallifoli : And though his Fleet confifted of no more than thirty Ships, and twenty leven Gallies, a Force very much inferior to the Enemy's, yet he relieved the Town with a great Supply of Men and Provifions, which obliged the Turks to rjilc the fiege. But in his return home three Genoefe Gallies com- manded by Adorni, parting Company with the reft of the Fleet, ^vcrc taken on the Coaft of Calabria by Sinan 'Pajha. K k III Til! Go-ani- ment of tin Do^^c re ej!a- ilij/ie.l, lilt fion after il'cy fidm'it to the Duke of Milan. The French tLet beatcrt by that of Genoa. A. D. rt- raui. Genoa re.in- ce,l by the t.mt^rjr, but recovered by the Fiench, and the I'mpemr's Vleet IS beat- en. A, n. 1518. Dori.l qii:ts the I'rcnch J,-;,.' ferves lie Ltnicrir, He burnt fe- deral Tutkilli ships and takci Coron. •II '.iff »Mp t 2 5 o Naval TravfaEl'ions fince the Book III. \' :if- Hf g'-ci wiih the Evi'.eror to rttlllM, 7(7?i refh/rei Muley H.ir f.in in /kh/j A. I), isr;. relnui. l>.u'i.Ull(l',l oih^^ci iljedc- nocic tc ilf tr.ir .1 N.'« ■;/ Siniihl'.'ilia'j. A. 1). i; ,] Dorin forces the I'lciicli to abandon ('oi- lica. A. D. i5/:o. Geno.i //(- 7?rfj7c(y by Faclkm. A.IJ. 1575. A. D. 1614. t,\li yh'tiiiiid ciulcjzours te jitrfri^e (ic- iiua. A D i/^.-h-. i'^c I'opefrej- [t! the (li'lio- efe, ->^'((A 0- tho i to n- Ur.c Ciaiidu. Ill If 35-, 7)^ri« accompanied the Emperor to Africa, where that Prince having reduced the Caftlc of Golctta^ with the Cities oi Tunis and /^oi/a, re c[\.\b\ii\\cd Muley FLi fan in the Kingdom of T/i;iis, who had been dilpolfcfrcd of it by Haradin Ba)bariijfa,x\z famous Pirate. In 1^37, 'Doria defeated a Squadron of twelve Turkijh Gallics off Corfu^ and the following Year he gave Battel to the foremcntioned Btirbarujfa, then Admiral of the Trirkijhw^i near the I (land of St. Miinre ; but Fortune was not fo favourable to him in this Engagement as Ihc was wont; however he didnotlliew lets Courage or Condudt in the Retreat he made, than in his formei Vidtorics; and toward the End of the Campaign found means to tc- ducc Caftel Nnovo in 'Dalmatia. The l^mc Year BarbnrnffdziM with his Fleet before the Port oiGcnoa^ and lent in to demand of the Senate the Pcrlbn oi Hamcth Keys Saleth^ a Son ci Suian 7V Jha\, who had been taken Prilbner, which was at firft refilled liini, but in revenge he lb ravaged the Coafts of ihc Rcpublick, thiuthey were at length forced to comply with his Demand. In 1^53, xhc French having ponclTed themlelvcs of the IHandof Corfica, '■Doria went againft them with a Fleet, having on beard a Body of icvcn thouland Land Men, where he lb effcdually dealt with the Enemy, that he loon recovered the greatcft Part of the I (land, and at length forced the French entirely to abandon ir. This great Man, during his Life-time, kept the Republick in a peaceable Condition at home, but after his Death, which happened in ij6o, the State was milerably rent with Divifions between the ancient and new Nobles, which at length, in the Year 1575, were compoled by the Mediation of the Pope. Their Hiftory affords not any thing material from that time 'till the Year 1614, when, being under the Protedion of Spain, they became engaged in a War with the French King and the Duke of Savoy, then at War with that Crown about the I'altoline: But they concluding a Peace two Years after, the Gcnorfe were of courfc included therein ; but not long after thcv wire embroiled with the Spaniards, and in 1636, the Duke of /u7W/^i-7.7, Admiral of the Neapolitan Gallies, came before Genoa with a Dcfign of fur- prizing it, to facilitate the Execution whereof a Body of Troops was marched from out of the Milaneje to Novi ; but the Senate ha- ving Intelligence of the intended Projedt, refulcd him Entrance in- to the Port, and putting themfelvcs into a Pollute of Defence, fm- ftratcd the Defign. The Turks in 1645-, attacking the \i\i\\d oi Caudia with avail Fleet and Army, the then Pope Innocent X. was very preUingwith all the Princes oi Italy to join with the I'enetians againft the corn- men Enemy ; and particularly he ibilicitcd the Gcnoeje to lend their Gallics to their Afliftance; but the Rcpublick r;;iblved, e'er they embarked in that Bufniefs, to get terminated in their Favour the Dif- ference they had long had about Salutes with the Gallics of the Great Duke of Tufiany, and thole of Malta. Upon their makin.^ tint Demand, the Pope propoled that, to avoid Dilputcs, there IlimiH be no other Flag than his own, under which \11 the maritime Icncs of Chap. VII. Riihof the Rom. Empire. 251 of other I'rincos or Sratcs of Italy might fighr, as Auxiliaries or Vo- "'&^ dc- hmrccrs, witlioiit drawing any thing into Precedent as to Ports or Gel'/ocft,'*' Salutes. This Expedient the Genoefe did not approve of, and re- uhich tie folvino to tjke Advantage of the great Want there was of their '''f' "f"'"- Ali'liancc, they not only demanded the Preference in this matter of the Gallics of the great Duke, who cquall'd them in Power, and was liipcrior to tlicm in Dignity, and of thofc of the Maltefe^ who had on their Side long Prefcription, and a Declaration of Qharki V, but they went fo far as to require that their Minifters at Romi: llioiild be treated with the fame Honours as the Ambafla- dors of Crowned Heads. It not being poflibleto grant them thefe Privileges, wirhout dilbbliging all the rcrt of Italy^ the Pope de- clined any farther Sollicitations with them, and made a vigo- rous Elfort to lend the Fcnetians himRIf the Afliftance that was wanted. In i6j6 the Republick was nn'ch afTlidtcd with the Plague, and ^ ^- "^J*- at the lame time the Corfaires of Barhary^ with a great ForcCy pJ^Twnl Icoiucd the adjacent Seas, and interriiprcd all Commerce; where- tht pUgnt. upni a Fleet w.is littcd out againit the Infidels, under the Com- mand of ////'/'<'^/^«J Centur'mii, who tailing in with the Ene- my's Fleer, confirting of forty Gallics, (a Number greatly fupcricr to'hisown,) defended himlclf with fignal Valour againft them, and, «, Genoefe after an obftiuate Difpute, got clear of them, without the Lois oi go againfl th* one Ship, or any other Damage, lave the Misfortune of having one g""'" "^ of his Hands Ihot olTby a Cap'ion Ball in the Heat of the Engage- ment; and in September^ the lame Year, he went over to the Coaft of Batiaty, where, oif of ^Igiery he took feveral Ships of the Ene- my';;. In 16) 8, the Rovers of Barbary took a Genoefe Gaily call- A. D. 1658. cd the St, Bernard; but attacking tha 'Diamond, a very rich Ship, bound home from Lisbon^ her Captain finding himfelf not able to tlcfend her againll lb great odds as three of the Enemy's Ships, re- iolved to blow her up, and laying Match to the Powder, jumped t"^", Majitrof into his Long boar, where he had the Satisfadtion of feeing his 1/^.'^^°,^^ Enemies thrown up in the Air, with the Fragments of his Ship, as her up. loon as ever they had boarded her. The Republick in 1671 w^as attacked by the Duke of Savoj, with A. D. 1671. whom the following Year they came to a Peace, which was medi- ^^' t'eno.e'f atcd by the French King ; fince when, the moft remarkable Cir- Ty'hTDuke cuinftance in their Affairs is the Bombardment of their City in 1684, "/Savoy, /mt by the Fleet of that Prince who was their late Mediator, which was ^"" '"'"^'' otcafioned by their Attachment at that time to the Interefts of Spain, France quar- inpuriiiance whereof they had entered into forae fccrec Negotiations "^^ tvithCt- with the Governor of Milan, which the French Ring apprehended ^°A' ""^ to be againft him. He therefore laid hold of the firft Opportunity to quarrel with them, and in 1683, gave Orders to his Envoy at Gmay to fignify to the Senate, that if theylaunched the four new Gallies they had builr, he Ihould look upon it as a Declaractoii of Hoftilitics, and would ifluc Orders to his Subjedls to feize them, or whatever cllc belonged to the Republick, wherefoever they fhoulcjl be met with on the Sea. Upon this Declaration of the French En- K k z vov% :f5 ' ^s f 1 H % M it 1 Ri' 11 m mi 1 . I i il:2l' r! f U dttUieW'irt:- A. \).10S.{. 7 hi French /c ttJ a Fleet with Bcmb- ytjjtti againjl Gcnuii, 252 NiWal Tnwfadhms jhice the Book Hi. voy's, the Spanijh Rcfidcnt dcm:uid<''.l Audience of rlic Senate, and aflurcd thciu of his Mailer's I'rotcdioii and Support, who, he Ian] had already j;ivcn Dircdtions to the Governor ot AliJau, and the Ad' miral of his tlcci, to alfirt them, iu calc they fliould be at- tacked. The Spaniards declared War with France in the beginning of the next Year, when the Ginoefey having rctulcil all the Demands of the French Envoy, and lent to Sea their Gillies, notwithlUiid. ing the pofuivc Declaration he had made ngainft ir, were well amircd the French King would not fail to cxprcls his Rclcntnicrts ati'i therefore lent to «!cmand Succours of the (iovcrnor of M Htm, who marched down Icveral Companies of Spanijh Foot into their Territories. The French Envoy lending Advice of thclc Proceed- ings, was immediately recalled, and the King his Matter took al^. Ibhitiou to be revenged of the Gcnoe/i; to which pnrpolc having provided a liiflicicnt Force at Toulon^ he lent the Mirquia de Seij/- nelaji, then Secretary of State, down to tli.ir Place to take upon him the Command of the Fleer, confilling of tonrtcon Snips of War, twenty Gallics, ten Bomb-Vcffcls, two Firellups, eight FZ/itcs^ and kvcmccn Tartaues, wtth winch he was to proceed to Gc/ieu, and procure Satisfadion of the Rep'iblick. Accordingly letting tail, he arnvcd the Icvenrecnth of May before the City, and the lame Day the ten lionib-VcfTcIs, having each of them two Mortars on board, c.imo to an Anchor within Camicn- ihot of the Walls, dilpofing thcmlclvcs in a Line from the Li^ht- Houlc, on their Left, to the Suburb of Bi/iiji^Ho, en the Right, the Ships of War being dilpolcd in anotiier Line alkrn of the Bomb Vends, at the Diftance of about a quarter of a Mile ; in the two Points of which Line were placed the Gallics in two Divifioiis. The Flutes and Tartanesy on board which were the Bombs and Powder for the Mortars, were ranged at a linall Dilbncc alkrn of the Gal- lies, but {6 near, as that they could cafily liipply the Boaib Vel- fels with what they lliould have occafion for. The Appearand; oi' the Fleet in this Pofturc, IboJi brouijht out a Deputation from the Senate to the Marquis de Seignelay, to know what was his Mailer's Plealiire : Who having acquainted them with the Grounds of the French King's Relcntmcnts, (wherein, amongft other thing?, he acculcd them of concerting with the Spaniards a Defign of burning his Ships and Gallies in the Ports of Toulon and Marfeilles) made his Demands of Satisfadion, and gave them to undcrftand, if they were not complied with, he had Orders to make them fenfibic of the King his Mailer's Indignation. The Deputies acquainted him tliey would make a Report of his Demands to the Senate, and then return him an Anlwer, which they did the lame Evening, by a general Dilchargc of all their Artillery next the Sea, on the Ships of the Fleet. Thereupon the Signal was made for the Bombardiers to play on the City, which they did with lijch Snccels, that in two Hours time Icveral of the Palaces and publick Buildings were Iccn to be on liic. The Mortars having continued playing, with great Execution, foi three rhe Cifj if Genoa bom- barded by thi r'rench. Book III. lie Senate, and who, he laid, 'A anil the Ad- flioiild be at. •: beginning of I the Demands iiotwithlUiid. '>■> were well i Hcfcnrniciitt, nor ot Mik„\ oot into their thcic Proceed- ler rook al^. I'rpolc having rquis de Sa^. fo take upon Ships of War, )C F/»tcs, and :o Ci'ma, and ofi^/tf^ before ivinj5 "-'^ch of chin Canncn- )ra the Li^ht- he Right, rlie of the Bomb' ; in the two ivifions. Tlic s and Powder n of the Gal- ic BombVcl- Jroiight out a 'ay, to know :d thcni with rein, amoiigft Spaniards a f Touloif and ;avc them to dcrs to make Ihc Deputies mands to the did the lame icxt the Sea, ! to play on ) Hours time ro be on ine, cccution, for tJirce .;m % -l' if, '' i !i'i ■ I ■ ' ! i > i<(. 'Irn ti^ i! '._ \y i P E It S I A ' * O J ACliartjfyEAl i^iVA tA/ Coast ofA atjv tfn PKiiipiiJ Sl/NDA. IslAnA CMumd. L..lf' M' r\ \Ara.bia. ••••■..; / ^t* ,^^ JBxx ca1 •0, i It^vil I A i^ Omxjca. j>xcA.ir ''T jT^ i ter .r.v.^ '.-— ^-v^^Ti ^JkHftnapttMnj jfW'n/* /. C.Co'tnorin I I iCXTloX I..?il V \ X \ '-'T V^'^^N \ I •I < Xg^uA«ioc-tfa.i\Xine^ ~" 7 Jrtn4tnoT\ \ At#--v, or J :j^/ >X H^tupi* ^< .JsJ / / / iS7 0' ^<£^ ^^i ,^^ ^-!^ ^ / ^ I nj ^ 1 S 7 <> =3^^^ 7^. ^ • /« « l%\0 5IA,CHINA \0LVCA. and ^ phtr. X.A.V T VM iCojtMJL A S I A. .\* / / r . China ''^-/^\/ ^-''^-i/'.V.j?^5l'' fKinAiM Irunin iMtsn • JFOX.1X2T Ctuitvn, t • 5 V " -f" t i I I '..\U .1 ,/ll I \\\$ i).Ai \ '%: ,»*, (1^41 ' K* I Vfe l(e| i^- 3 s*. * (4, >i»»,i y k ~»^, *-^'% 'fi: •^' *^' ;^' I ..jjif.i k.;:! «.^^ wag;,. Chap. VIII. Rutn of the ^om. Empire. 253 three Days in whicli ciinc they threw in ten thoufjnd Bombs, it was rClolvccI ro take Advantage of the Conhifion the City was in, and make a Oclccnt, which tliey did in the Suburb of St. 'Ptctto d'JifHii, where was a great Number of llarely Palaces, which they eiinrcly ruined in revenge to the Nobility, who obftru(5ted the Rc- piiblick's Submiflioii to the Terms pronolcd, which the Commonalty would gladly have agreed to. The French having performed this, biic not without lomc Lois, rerrearcd to their Boats ; and when the Xfonps were all got on board, the Mortars began to play again, wliich having thrown in above thirteen hundred Bombs more, the Hcct wci;^hed Anchor, and made lail to the Wcllward. At length, by Mediation of the Pope, an Accommodarion was b'ought aoout between the French King and 'he Cenoe/i', who were ut (Jfnoefe Ibrccil to comply with moft of his Demands, and to lend their Doge iimithnriugt Pcrlon, accompanied with four Senators, to make their Submit- 'sutmiffu''^ MM t*. fioH at VerJailU's ; and fince the Af?'airs of Genoa from the Con- iht i rtnch. clufion of this Difference, afford not aiiy thine material to our A D. id8f jHitjiolc, we proceed next to the Naval Tranlaaions of the Tor- tupinfe. livens. C H A P. VIII. Of the Naval IVan of the Portugucfe. PORTVGyl L (containing the grcateft part of that Country \.\\Q Romans cAWA LuJitantaJ coming, together with the reft of ^ftin, under Rodertck the laft King of the GothSy into the Hands of ik Saracens, ax Moors, continued for a long time in their Poflcffion. MAlphotifttsW, King otCaJ/iie and L>ron, about the Year 1093, A. D. 1093. making great Prqiarations of War againfl that People, procured ta« Portu- Aiiiffom Icveral Nations of Chrillendom, and amougft others who ^"'J!5',*ib'/sii came to his Affiftancc was Henfy ot'Be/ancon, a Burgtindian, who '" performed fiich confiderablc Services againft the Infidels, that King Alfbonfus gave him a natural Daughter of his in Marriage, with lo much of 'Portugal as was then in the Hands of the Chrillians for her Dowry, which he creded into a County upon that Ocoafion. This Count was fuccecded by his Son Alfhonfm Henry, who a- fpiring at a greater Title, eafily paved his w^'.y to it by his flgnal Valour and Succcfles againft the Moors, from whom he recovered fevcral Provinces, and having greatly incrcalbd his Dominions, was the firft who affumcd the Style of King of Tortugal. Araondl the many Places he took from the Moors, were Lisbon, (now tnc Ca- '-isbon *nd pitalof the Kingdom) Almada, and Villamuerda, in the Reduiaioa tnfmnth* wheicof he wa^. aflifted by a Fleet of Englijh, French, and *Dutchy Moors. who put into one of his Ports in their way to Syria, then the Scat of the Holy War. Sancho, the Son and Succeflbr Qi Alfhonfusy imitating the Example of his Father, holpicably received into his Port 254- Naval TratifatVtoiis fince the Book I II. m I .H AD. 143s Tht Portu- gutTe BiijcYi ■ /*//» Atdck. 7//# I'ortii Port of Lisbon another Ficcc o[ i.n^UJh aim hnnch Ships, wliJi J''";J^*,'",1';^'','^ were going on the hkc Service as the former; and by th(/irAid, 4B<<{tciuii. together with eight Ships of '/Vj////> Count oi Flanders, he rctluad Lagos and Stives in the /ll^arve ; and on the Conclufiou of tluic Expeditions, he employed his Time in building, adorning, or lout- fying (cvcral of thole which arc now the mod confiderible Cities ot the Kingdom, from whence he had (he Surname of the Builder. After that Prince's Reign, 'Portugal for a long time kept jtlilf difcngagcd from any Wars of Conlcqucncc, except thole with the A D. 14""; Moors, with whom they had Icveral fierce Dilj ute.«, and in 1401;, Ceuta.miJar ihcif King, Jo/jH I, took from rhcm the Town of Cetita in Bar. ^frlm tht"" ^'^' following Year his Son /Av/r)', Infante oi Tortu^al^ Moors;' dilcovered the Illands ol Madera ; and in thelc Times it was thjt 4< 4/yi the *PortugMe/e, firft among the Moderns, lailcd round y^z/fd to ZT,f7u"'' ^'ic Eaft Indies. For iSxcxAlphonJitsS, who liicceedcd to the Cro«ii in 1438, had taken Ta/z^/fr, yfr.5///c, iAv^ Alcazar , ihc Tertu^utjt Power grew lb formidable in Aj'rick, that all the Coafts of that put of the World as far 3i$/Ethiofia, fell almod at once under their 0- bedicncc ; and under y^/j/i II, Aitbiopia itielf was dilcovered, even to the cxtrcmcll parrs of ir, which the Ancients thought inaccclFi- blc, and uninhabited. Then were the Stars about the South Pole fiift Icen hy Europeans , and that great Promontory of y^r;f '''>""'* ftcr's Name, and raifcd a Pillar with the Arms oiTortugal there- on ; Which done, he puri'ucd his Voyage, and touching at ^tiloat proceeded thence to Calecut , wliere engaging lome of thcAIala- krians at Sea with good Succel«, he (truck up a League with the Kings of Cochin and Cananor, ami returned to Portugal. Then Gdwa was again thought fit to be lent out in queft of new Lands, or '" fubdue thole already dilcovercd, and a Squadron of ten Sail was put under his Command, w ith u hich arriving at the Port of Mozambique ^ he there ran up a. Carvel, (which fort of Ship he thought would be particularly ulefnl to him when he ihonid airive mliidiaj and thence proceeded to (^tiloa^ where having iinpolcd aTribute on the King of rhc neighbouring Country, he crofTod over to Malabar, and declared War againft the King of Calccitt, took ■(*» l'')riu- the People of C>v««^//wor into the ProrecSlion o}i Portugal, renew- fval'^J''J^[!i cd the Treaties with the Kings oi Cochin and Cananor, and taking //;. kJ;1; ^/ in a rich Lading of Spices, made the beft of his way home. Caictuc About the time of his Return, the Kingdom of Congo (which was dilcovercd b\' ^'/iwcj Canufo in 1484) was fupplied with a new Co- lony from Portugal: Mean while, the King of Calecut, taking Ad- ^''' ^'"-i "J vantage of the Ablerce of the Portuguefey attacked Trimumpara, ),'o/t^^! J'f' ^m^oi Cochin-, il. »r Ally, and dilpolTeiled him of his Kingdom ; King v/Co- the News whereof v tming to Francis Albuquerque, one of the ^'""• 'hrtiipiefe Admirals, il'cn in the Eaft, he made the beft of his way to that Country, where he left his Ships under the Command of U-:j(ird Pachecoy and went alhore with a Body of Troops, with whom f I 2 $6 Naval Tranf anions finccthe Book III. I ^ ^'^'' ^^ W\ the Tort 11- y,w\c ilrivi ihoje i-y Cllc rut fiom O) iliin. ry M ihc I'lji tiigiiclc. BriVj reilii- the I lei I of M.)lal),ii i/c- Jtitlni by l!ie J'oilugiicl*;. 7/.. Toitii- wliom he forced the People ofCalecut to retire out oK the Tcrrito rics oF Cochin. The King being rcftored to his Dominions, gave PcrmifTion to Albuquerque to build a Fort, for dcfcnciing tlic Coun- try againfl: the Incurfions of the Knemy, of which he immediately laid the Foundation, and finiflicd it wih extraordinary Expcilirion, A n IS 3. for fear the King fliould repent him of his Grant : mean winlc /hi thony Saldauha, who had let out from 'Portugal ibon after /Uhu. querque, arrived at the Ifland Zocotoray near the Entrance of the Red Sea, where he (pent the Winter, and cruized againll the trad- The i'rwce oj jug Sliips '^f thc Inficlcls in thole Parts. He alio attacked Znnzi- tZ'fini ■,,.,- ^^''' ^"^' impolcd an aimual fributc on the King of the liland; and Ibon after dcftroynig the King oi' Monbazvs Fleet in tiie Port of that Name, he proceeded to lirava on the lame Coaft, and redu- ced it to the Obedience oi 'Portugal. Tacbeco, who contiimcdat Malabar., -vas kept there well employed againft the People of G. At///', w1k> attacked him with a great Number of Ships, but they fought witii ill Succcis, tho' of infinitely (uperior Force, againft fo expert a Seaman, tor he gave them an entire Defeat ; and having cfta- blilhcd the Kingdom oi Cochin in P^/.e, received as a Reward for his good Services one of the richcft Governments m/lfrica. He was liicccedcd by Lovanius Suarcz, whole moft remarkable Ad was the burning of the City of Cranganor ; about which time Frauds dc Almcyda was lent out by King Ernannel with a Com- milfion to be Viceroy of the Eaft, (being tiie firft who had thatClu- fiWro'^T' radtcr) who arriving with his Fleet in the Port of ,^////o«, fubdued tht laft. the King of the neighbouring Country, and appointed another, 11a- ^ '^; '5' 5 med Mahomet, in his room. He thence proceeded to Monbuzc, Ju:u"j),tiue and dellroying that Town, went on xo Melinda, from whence he iht comiiiy made the bell of his way to Malabar, where, in the Kingdom of mar oiiiiua. ('^fi^„oy^ he ctcdtcd a Fort to kccp the fickle Inhabitants to their Duty ; when cutting into an Alliance with the King of Nar/mt[it, he ap|.ointcd Nambeadara King of Cochin in the room of Tttmiim- para., who voluntarily rcflgiicd the Government About this time another Squadro.. of eight Ships was lent out to leek lor new Lands, by which was dilcovered the Ifland of Mak- i;iiL(c.///rotrr gnj'car, otherwilc called St. Laurence, becaulc it was firft Iccii on the Mjiigakir. •j^,jy ticdicared by the Church of Rome to that Saint. Almnik al- io detached a Squadron under his Son Laurence dc Almcyda on the (amc Service, who firfl repaired to the Maldives Iflands, rrnm whence he was driven by a violent Tcnipcfl to the Klc of Cnloii, (by uv)([ thought the Taprobana of the Ancients) where landing, he took the hihabit.mts into the Protedtion of Portugal, and im- polcd a Tribute on their King; nor was the Viceroy in the mean time lels employed, but defeated the Calectitians in a great Battrl at Sea. Then dividing his victorious Fleet, he committed one pan of it to llmanucl'Pazagno, r.;.d the other to his Son, upon iiis Re- turn from C.eylon, appointing the firft to accompany the trading Ships of Cochin ro Cape Comortn, for their Security againfl tlicRo- vei>> ia thole Seas, and the other to cruilc at large about thcCoaOs A. D. lln I'ortll- ''I'oi'f 0/ Ccy- lOll nhi.lc I ri I'lliiry tj I'u; luy.il. ■I he I'ortii- (niclo bt.it the llitt (>/ C;,\li;- illl. BookIII I In ^'^ ^^ ^ ^' i^^f^'^ ofthcRom. Empire. 257 [,,|. tht IXlcncc of tlic Iflaiuls aiul Forts. It became now an clKi- blilhcd Rule among tliclc new Inhabitants of the Indies, that who- locvcr came into thole Parts without a Pals Irom l()mc Toytngnrfl' k ,c ytrmU AJiiiif'ilj or Governor ol' a Fort, ihoultl be cflccnicil as Kncmics, >' i ""'»>>■ m- j„dlolc both Ships and Goods; whereby they engrols'd all the ;",;/;',,'.";I'^^' Wealth of the Eaft to thcmlclves; and, the better to maintain their i'ortn.i'idc Auihoricy, King Emanuel lent out yearly new Reinforcements aiui ''"^'• Supplies. Ill the Year ijo8, fifteen Ships were fitted out under the Cor.i- ad. 15 s. mini of Tr iff att dc (.'unha, with which rcpairinc; to the Coaft of '/jiipicbar, he allifted the King of Aleliuda aganift his rebellion ; ihe I'onn- Siihjcds, and burning the Cities ot'IIoia and Brnva, lailed to Zo- ^''^'^,1'^ft''" (s'ora, where rcducnig the chief Town of the Iflanil, liclcftaGar- Un"u' iiloii in it, and niailc the bcfl of his way to Malabar., where join- in > the Fleet oS. Ahncyda., they repaired againfl: the Pc-opic o\' Calc- (iti, who were now alfillcd by a Fleet from /Irabia., and before 'i,eyie.,t li.c fniidim, one of their Towns, gave them a fignal Defeat. Nor 'z^, '1,',',',' '"''' loiv' alter they engaged, off of CA/////, near Bombay .^ the Fleet of i/fr^c (j'liif'fiii, Sultan oi Mgypt., coming to the Adlflancc of the Fjic- \i,n ».,<« tie mj, which they entirely ruined, and every where came ollConquc- ""' "' "'' rors excepting that the foremcntioncil Son of yllmcyda, falling in ilyp,'^" with a Squadron of Cambayan and Aigyptian Ships was unfoi ru- iiatcly flaiii with an Arrow, as he bravely defended himlcif againfl: them. Al^hnnfns Albuquerque was now arrived in the Eaft with a ftrong Squadron fiom Tortugal^ with which dcfigning to fiibdue the Ifle f^^' [j''JJ/^['"'l,'l Orms, at the Mouth of the Ter/ian Gulph, he firft reduced the iribS„n"r'' Q\m of Curiafc, Ala/catCy Sobar, and Orfacau, lying along the I'on lij.ii. ^oihoi Arabia, then lubjcdt to the King of Or;/> r .• after which (klcatiiig the I'.nemy in an Engagemet in the Port of that City, he liiiJcJ in the Ifland, and prepared to invert the Place; when the Kinn (called /^(7/<«nli\;- thiopia co-irt the I'ortu- gucfe. The Fleet of the Kitri of Java routed. The King of Linga'j hket defeated, and Ornnis redu- ced. Allniqueique had a Defign "I Mecca, i'.l Taxes. Zaba'im was then ablcnc fiom the Kland, but upon the News of its Surrender, embarking, with great Celerity, a numerous Body of Troops, he repaired thither, and landing his Men, prcicnt- ly recovered the Place, but not without a very confiderablc Slaugh- ter among them by the "Portuguefe. Albuquerque having engaged the Enemy's Ships, defeated them, and being reinforced with a new Squadron from 'Portu'^dl., opened his way, Sword in Hand, to the City, and again expelling the Enemy, placed a ftrong Garrifon in the Citadel, and, the better to iecure the Place in its Obedience, caufed his Soldiers to intermarry with the Women of the Ifland. Having fettled Matters at GW, he fet lail with a Fleet of twenty three Ships for Malacca, and in his way thither fell in with a large /;/ were ready their Subiniil which be he People empi d;!. attacked Men, and g; rez too lace Offers, for t that City cha (T,j/. To th( Misfortune, : the Emperor Empire, the guarded thau plied with gc raandcd in Ct to the Co aft ibmc Month committed fe with the Lois The Torth State, and th{ dQoulan, wc ry, ib that S Charge as the "jmcs Lopez did, having qi oi Bint am, \\ paired to Orrj in the Terjia Lopez was i\ King of 'Pace ditioi: of his fort upon hi! fttatiou died J. ever fate on t Jiis Obedience Without the G of the Red Si Mmtick Oc< all others, th< ffleicc of the Book 111, | Chap.VIIL Rim of the Rom. Empire. 255* Promife of Afiiftance from the Aby^mcs^ to have had another Pro- ""'^ jed, to wir, of cutting a Canal from the Nile into the^^^ Sea^ as y>/,"/,lf n.'c well to hinder the Trade of the jEgypt'tans in the Indian Coramo- mto the Red ditie<, ^s to put an end to the Feirility of their Country, by pre- '""' venting the Overflowing of that River by fi.ich a Diverfion of its Waters. Suarez was no fooncr entcr'd apon his Adminiftration, but the People oi Aden lent Ambafladors to him, to let him know they were ready to comply with his Demands but he took no notice of their Subraifiicn : and having a Dcfign on the Egyptian Fleet, which he heard was coming down the Red Sea^ he, to keep his People employed till their Arrival near the Srrcighcs oi Babel man- d;i attacked 'Zcilay a Town on the Coaft of y^frick, oppofice to ^'^'I'- 'Ppofiit Men, and gave the Plunder to his Soldiers and Seamen. But Sua t^fhe^'^^'Z rez too late repented him of his Neglctft of the People of yfdeu's ijueic. OlTcrs, for the expe<5tcd Fleet oi jE^^yptians never appeared, and that City changed loon after its Rclolution of kibmirring ro 'I'ortu- (T^/. To the Lofs of this happy Opportunity juccceded another Misfortune, for Qampfon the Sultan oi /Egypt ^ bcnig overcome hy the Emperor ScUm, and his Dominions becoming part of the Tnrkijh Empire, the Coafts of jEgypt and the Red Sea were much btt er guarded than before, feveral new Forts being eredled there, and I'up- plied with good Garrifons. In the mean rime Andrade^ who com- manded in Chief at Malacca^ made an Expedition for lercling Trade to the Coaft ol China, where he was holpitably entertained for rto Ponu- iomc Months; bur, growing infolcnt upon his kind Reception, he §'"•'= >.'^"'' commitrcd fcvcral Violences, and was forced to quit the Country ''"^^" ""* with the Lois of a great Number of iiis Followers. The Torttiguefc AfTJirs in India were now but in an indifferent T^'ir ^fain State, and the new Forts lately fiuiflicd in Ceylon, and the Kingdom '" '"'^'•"" "'* ciLoiilaff, werp icarce iufhcient to keep the Inhabiiantsin their Du- ty, !b that Siiarez being looked upon as unequal to i'o great u Charge as the Government of thofe Acquifitions, was recalled, and James Lopez appointed his Succcflor. He, on his Arrival in In- A. D. iji8. dta, having quell'd fomc Inliirredtions there, and overcome the King rheKmg of oiBintam, whom he forced to accept a Peace on his Terms, re- "'''=^'"' *^'" paired to Ormus, and defeating Alocriy King of Bahareniy an Ifland in the ferfian Gulph, reduced it to the Obedience of 'Portugal. Loj>cz was fiiccccded by Ed'-Ji'ard de Menefes, who reftored the King of Tacem, in the Ifland Sumatra, to his Dominions, on Con- dition of his paying a Tribute, and .giving leave for the erel!all. '^<\Aloiiz,o dc Soufc to thc Coall QiHtntanh which havuig ravaged, he gained a great Vidtory over thc Ships of "Pabang, '■Patam;\nd Java, killing great Numbers of thc Enemy, and taking Icvcral Pri- loners ; after which proceeding to Alachian, and Bacbian, two of the Molucca I Hands near Tidorc^ he plundered them, and carried off* a great Booty. Thc next Year Vapjuez de Gama was appointed Viceroy of thc Indies, but as he was in a very advanced Age, it being improbable he Ihould live long, a Commilhon was made out for Henry de Mc- ncfes to liicceed, in calc of his Dcccale belbre thc three Years of his Viceroyalty Ihould be expired. There was a third Comminiou to *Petcr MaJ'carcnhas y appointing him Viceroy, if i^/(?///y« Ihould tlic ; and a fourth to Lopez, dc Sampayo, to luccccd in calc oi' thc Death of Mafcarcnbas ; thc 'Portugncje by this means aliuoft (c- curcly providing that their Acquifitions in India Ihould not remain without a Head. And the Event Ihcw'd the good Eflcds of their Care ; for Garnn did not long enjoy liis new Honour, but having ■ihofe nfv.x firft defeated the People of Calccut in an Engagement at Sea, died kcui,y,/frf/f,/ ^yjfljj,^ few Months after his Arrival ntGoa, lo'that the Viceroyalty devolved upon I/cnry dc Mcnejes. The Commillion by which he was appointed to iiiccced was fcal'd up, with this Supcrlcriprioii, Mot to be opened till ('wbtcb God forbid) Valijuc/. de Gama, Via- roy and High Admiral of the Indies, Jhall be departed this Life. This being now opened by thc next Comtuanding Officers, in thc Great Church at Cochin, Mcncfes, who was then abfent from thc Place, was proclaimed Viceroy ; whole Adminillration was likewilc but of a Ihort Date, and diverfilyed with both good and bad For- tune ; lor after icvcral Engagements with the Catecutians, with va- rious Succels, he defeated their Fleet iu thc Port of Culeta, and made himlclf Matter of raoft of their Ships ; loon after which he dcftroycd 3ookIII. I Chap. VIII. Rtm of thc'Rom. Empire. 261 mill HI, (Ifllroycd a Fleet of Turkijh Sliips ofF 'Dabul, another of Moors off" •'''" Fhfi rf i:n;;;ii;cmcnt at the Mouth oi' ihc /hica/wr : Hut AJa/carc/i/jax liigh- '^' ''•'''" "'' ly rclaifiiii? it tb^t Sampayo Ihould ukirp the Viceroyalty out of his '"'" " Turn, would by no means acc]uiclce with that I'rocecding, l)ut al- liiiid to hinilclf the Title and Oilicc of Viceroy, and being forced to wait the proper Scalon for coming down to GW, took that Op- portunity to repair with a Fleet of nineteen. Sail to the Coall of Wmtam, where he defeated Laqucxmcves the Enemy's Admiral, to- ';■'' ' '"' '"/ gcthcr with the Fleet oVPahung^ which came to iheir Aflirtancc, 'l'",,^"';'''"" when taking the City of />'/;///?«/ by Storm, he burnt it; and the •""' ilicMiig dying with (nicf at his ill Succcis, Mn(carciih,iS appoint- ' aj another in his room, on condition that lie ihould maintain no Army nor Fleet without leave from the "Portu^ucjiy bur commit liiinlill wholly to their I'rotcdlion. This done, 'he went down with hh Fleet to GV;tf. where he defired a Nunjbcr of Arbitrators might be jjipoinred to jlidgc whether he or Sfiwpnyo was the proper Vice- roy, mitthe latter at firft refuled to lubmit to any.Arbitrarif)n, tilt at Itwtii he was prevailed upon by the Enrreaiics of his Fiiends to (loit.lmt bribed the Judges fo high that they declaring him Viceroy, Miifciireuhas returned to ""Portugal. the i'ortu^ucfe Afluirs were alio now much prejudiced by ano- tlur Contention ; for they having, without any jull Provocation, (lilltnycil the chief 'I'owii of Tidorr, ir caulcd among the People of rli.ii lilanil, and of moH ol' the reft of the Moluccas, an implaca- hlc Hatred againll them ; foon alter which a Squadron of the Em- peror C/j^/r/cr V. arriving there, was welcomed by the People of Tulm'\\\\.\\ all the Marks of Kindnels, on account o\' the Spa nuirrls a|ii.ii Knmiry with them to the 'PorHi}r^ttff(\ and being received in- to their Port, they raileil Works for the Defence of it, in calc of ''"'>''"• '"■ an Attack from the Enemy. The Spaniards, who were under the ^'Z^^',!.!!''','. Coiiiiiiand ot Ji^»ii^U''z.ay alledgcd tliat the Molucca^ belonged of ui'iu.rc .i/,.,./i rii;hrt() tlieni, as being firft dilcovercd hy Magellan, with a Com- ''"^'<'l"^'-'' imliioii from the King of Spatn^ am) that the Dilpurc having been Inbiuitted to Arbitration, was determined in their Favour On the oiIkt hand, the ^PortuftticJ'c, uiulcr the Command of Ilrti) ifjiicz<, i.mlthar the unjull Sentence of the Cajlilian Arbitrators had been rtvTrld hy the Judges in '■Portugal, and that thole Klaiids were ililtovtrcd ten years before the Voyage o^ Magellan \\\ the Spauilh Siivkc, hy /Intlwiiy /Ihrci, who was lent out to make Dilcovcrics k /ll/'lw/i'fus jllbuqucrquc, in whole Company was Magcllati him- Wl lietorc he had delcrted his Country. Thus they dilputed with Words for a while, but ibou alter came to Blows, the I'eoplc of Termite I:: ' 'i'! t! 5 1! 'iM m thWi ■■p r \m i ,..«» iiiif! mmM ii I klji.: 262 NavalTraiifat}mis fwcethe EookIII. | Chap^ Ternate taking part with the 'Port.uguefe, and rhofc of 7/(^crf and C7;/o/(? with the Spamards. The latter llruck tlic firlt Stroke by bc- ficging the 'Tortitgticfi Forticfs hxTsr/inte, wlierc, at the firll Ac. tack, they took one of the Enemy's Ships. Anci now the J^a^i. attJs and Tortttgiicjc huj gone near to have atoii d for the Mjf. chiefs they had done to the lud'iu'>s by the DJlnidtion of each o- thcr, bur that the Emperor being c igagcd in other Wars mEitme^ uegledcd lb remote an Acqu;fi'i.'n, an I tor a certain Sum of Mo. ney yielded up all his Right iu the Molucca's to th: King oiTor- The r.v.firor fields tijt:'\o- \\\CCi%IO tilt l'ortu,i;u:fe. A. U. is^y- tugal. Matters being fettled in thole Idands the Viceroy, Sampayo, fcut out John 'Dcz^i with a Squadron ro cruilc oif Ciinatior; and at the lame time dilparchcd Alphonjus Melia to the Sunda IfliiKk, who, jurt as he was turned the Cape of Comorin, met with fome Deputies coming to Gon from, the Prince of Calecura on the Pearl fiJiino Coaft, with OiTers of Tribute and Submiifiou, upon Promilc of Al- firtaucc againft his Enemies the Catectitiaiis. In the mean time 2)f. za, upon his Station, intercepted all Ships palTmg between Cnkcut and CarNbaya, to the incredible Lois of the People of both thofo Places ; and landing at Mangalor^ the Inhabitants dcfertcd the Town, which he plundered and let on fire; after which falling in withCa- tial^ the Admiral oi Calecut, he engaged and defeated him, aadcar. ricd him Priloner to Cunauor \ and about the fame time Anthony Ui- randa failing to the Red Sea, took great Number? of the Ardm Ships, and burnj feveral along the Shore. Sampayo himlcll", off'Gj- iianor., deftroyed the grcatcft Part of a Fleet of a hundred and thirty Sail oi Moor'ijb Ships, bound to Mecca with Spices; and then re- pairing to 'Porca, (the Prince whereof was a formidable ScaRovcr) he landed there, and took the Town, forcing the Prince to betake himfelf to Flight, who left luch a vaft Booty to the 'Porttipefi, that the Share of the meaneft Sailor came to a thoufand Dollars. From thence he failed to the Northward, and, near the Ifland of Bombay, fell in with a Fleet of the Enemy's under the Command ]jiwJ Kf of Mali fa, Admiral of Cambaya, whereupon proffering a Reward Bombiy. ^f ^ hundred Dollars to the firft Man who boarded one of the Ene- my's Ship-S he immediately engaged, and having entirely routed them, committed the Fleet to the Command of Miranda, who, loon after the Viceroy's Departure, came to another Engagement with the Malabar'tans, before the Town of Chaul, and gave them a fignal Defeat, killing great Numbers, and carrying olF a rich Booty of Spices to Cochin: Soon after which the Tortuguefe reduced the Town of Tanor, made the Prince of the Neighbouring Country their Tributary, and asain routed Haltjfa, the CamhayM k'^mx^- In the mean time Nuiiho de Cunha let out from Tortngal, with a Coramifljon to be Governor, accompanied by his Brother S'trnm ck Cuuba, who was conftituted Admiral of the ///.jZ/Vj, and, in his way thither, attempting to put in at Monbazc, in order to pafs the Winter Scalbn there, was refulcd Entrance by the King, but forced a H- fage into the Port, and making himlclf Maftcr of the Town, pave the Plunder to the Mariners, and let it on fire. Departing thence early rht Tortu- lefifuU, -ind f.irt!c:iUrly en the RcJ- Sca. ■ihe Portu- gueie take Porca. rhe Infidels beaten near ■J'lofc of Ma- j.ibar l/e.ili't 3t Sea. The Portu- guefe ;:.';; lUer JookITi I Chap. VIII. Kuhi of the Rom. Empire, 2(^3 early in the Spring, lie inadc the bell of his way to India, where licrefolvcd to make himicif Mailer of the Town and Fortrcfs of 2)/«, fituatc in an Ifland of the lame Name, near the Entrance of the Gulph of Camliaya; to which purpofc repairing thither with the Fleet, upon his Appearance oil the Place, he received an En- voy from Badur, King of Cambaya, with Ol'tcrs of yielding the niu ,itrr,n- Fortrels into his Hands; which being accordingly performed, it was purui'ueit' committed to the Cullody of y•/;//'/;o//JyJ^)'/^'mv^, Not long after the ' " King of Cambayci, at the Inflii^ation of the Turks, who were very defirous of getting 'Din into their Hands, made an Attempt to dif- polfels the 'Portuguefe, and recover the Place, but with an unfor- tunate Event, he, with \\\sTnrkiJh Auxiliaries, being entirely rout- 7/;e Turks, ed, moft of his Fleet iiiiik, and himfclf receiving his Death's Wound Ti^^"\°^ in the Engagement. Soon after this, Solyman, the Turkijh Empe- roHuA b-j iht ror, feni the Tajha oi Cairo to bcfiegc it, with a Fleet of fixty two ''ortuguefe Gallics, fix Galleons, and other fmallcr VefTcls, having on board "' '^'"" four thouland Janizaries, flxrecn thoufaiid other Soldiers, befides Guuners, Seamen, and Pilots, which on their Arrival before the Town, were joined by eighty Sail of Ships of Cambaya The Wijh Paiha, landing his Forces, batter'd the Fortrels with fifty Pieces of Cannon, but the Governor, with great Bravery fuftained hisAttacks 'till the Arrival oi Garcias de Noronha (the new Vice- ^*« Turks roy) from Goa to his Artiftance ; who, by a Stratagem, pafTuig a^'/^f'^^'" thro' the midft of the Enemy's Fleet with Drums beating and Trum- werefirad pets founding, as if they had been feme of their Indian Allies, the '" ""'f' '*' 'hrks, upon the Difcovery of their Miftakc, railed the Siege in the "^'' urnioft Confufion, leaving behind them their Tents, Ammunition, Artillery, and above a thoufand wounded Men, befides the like Number that were out on foraging, all which fell into the Hands of the fortuguefe. After the Death of Badur beforementioned. Ma- »;«(• linlic?, .ill. I Afric.i. A. D. I (Oil. ^lut iljf I'or- tiij-Miefi: dij- /'Ojlc'll'll oj O iiuis. Ayiii I'ari of A. D. )''4 ' The Dui^c cf I5r \_!>.inv..l 1 (irM.ig.\l. Hra/.il tevuln /« hi,: ■J lie I) null /j(re jeveral I'lacti III lu- >!u. Uncle, then in an advanced Age, whole Rtign is rcniarkaiL" tor nothing hut the Dilpiires about a Succciror to him. He dying in i ,|! ^Philip II, King ot Spain, who had Prctenfions to th'v Cronn, thouglit it inoft expedient to end all Dilputcs by the I-oii t ot th.' Sword, and nmlcrllanding the great Inclination the !/'o;///(;/,r/r liaj (througli hatred of a Caftil'tan Ciovcrnmcnt') to let ^iJiithoin, a n.. tural Son of Jo/j>t III, upon the Throne, lie ordered the Oukc ot yj/va to march at the Head of a powerful Army into the Kinmlom who loon reduced it to his Obedience, forcing Anthony lo'with' draw to England, from whence, after linne unlliccclsfii! Aitenipts to recover his loll Dommion, he retired to Pans, and died therein ijyf. The red of the Territories of that Crown fell at the lame time into the Hands of the Conqueror, except the Azores, or Weft. cm I Hands, which were at length iubdued to Spain by a great Vi- ctory obtain'd over a Fleet oi French Ships, lent thither ""to inaiii. tain them in the Obedience of y^/z^Ao;/)-. As this Subjedtion of the Tortitgncfe to the Cajiiiuins was vcrv irkfbme and oiiious to them, ib was it attended with Conlaiucnccs very fatal to their Interefts; for upon the firft Commotions iiithe Lfrju-Coiintrics, Philip judging tLat one of the bcft Expedients to cjuell them, would be to deprive the Inhabitants of the Advantages they received by the Trade with Portugal and Spain, lie prohibited all Commerce between them ; for, in thole times, the 'Dntch Ships made no longer Voyages than to thclc Countries for the Commodi- ties oi India, with which they afterwards liipply'd the Northern Na. tions of Europe. But Philif^ Dcfigns met with an Event very contrary »^o his Expcdlations ; for the 'Dutch being thus excluded Spain and Portugal, they about 1595, boldly ventured xo Mm themlblves, and having, after many difficulties, got footing there, pofTefred themlclves of Icveral Places of great Importance, cither for their Strength, or advantageous Situation, and did incredible Da- mage to the Portugucfe, who had hitherto i^lcly carried on all the Trade to thole Parts. And in the Year i6ii, the City of Omw, the moft wealthy of tlic Portuguefc Actjuifitions in the Eaft, was taken from ihem by Sha Ahas King of Perfia, adifted by the Eni- lijh Merchant Ships in the Service of the India Company. Nor was this the end of their Misfortunes; for iti 1630, the VJ/z/f/; dil- polfcffed them of great part oi Brafil, and reduced fcveral ot their Settlements on the Coaft oi Africa: Nothing of which would the l^ntch have had Occafion, or Opportunity to do, \i Portugal had rcmain'd Icparate from the Crown oi Spain. But in \(i.\'^ throwing ofl" the Spanijh Yoke, they let the Duke oi Braganz,a\\^m\\\<: Throne, by the Name of John IV, and then clapped up a Tcace with the 'Dutch, upon Condition that each Nation Ihoiild retain w hat they were then poncfTed of; but it was not of long Contiiiu ancc, becaulc the Places the Dutch had made themlclves Mailers ot in Ihafil, revoked to t\\cP or titgue/i', their former MaQers, which the '"Dutch alledging was owing to the Fraud of the Portugucfcy declared War againft them. However, being forced to leave them iu PofTcJriou of Brn/il, they attacked them in /« ■-'»m9tgff"^9'- njim^m Ir ; f North a m i: u i c a X O XJ I S I A V ^t ^^ ^ V ^"^/X V m 'V ( 7/ 7* 6*\ J*<4'^*J t'U^t fivnZ.'itJji ACKart£/^'A^£ST-INr>IES cr tU* Islands of AM £ li J CA in tht NORTH SZA. sec. By Hejftnan. 3ColL Giojt^phtr . f tj la, US N Bahama-,^ — "^ klucAyo i I . ' *• ^ (run Jttrttur J" '^ , ,J[.Xlutl>*r«I. ^. T T tfli^STSiLvtiilr trCmt I. K/ / / / K / / '.am' 'W • '••1 . Ik.Y""****!' •*^ ?fe#^^ih^^-^*^' '>«>n4 Caicrt M*ntk. J.Ituntngo 7 Vr^i-^ iWi ;;s^:^ y^k)/4d!^-'-''H- R T H .S E A .i)wmtn I iffXuein ^ -\-_ ir c^ n ^ c O J' .^ -"- » St Xhttnm xe ^e So it '«« L*»yiuj of Cr»4it-3rit*in Terra Firm:a 'U< 7' \\}. m • I <^' A m i':i it i: liiir Ii* 1; I'^MWktn'i Cii AP. IX. Rmn of the Rom. Ij/tpirc. 26$ iiitirilv oiifc^l tlicm nftlic lllaiul Oy/'V// nml Coufl o\' (.'uttHanJvt, tciluicil Coi/n», I'li/i.iH')/ , (jiiiifi^nnor., .iiul other I'hccs iii Mula- liiYy jiiJ luil gone near to have taken (.ion ir IcUi dicir Capitjl Ci- IV III Indiii^ It tlicy lud iioi come lo a Peace wuh them hi i66i i ilioiit wliiih tunc Inbn IV. »lyiii|',, was (iucccdcd l)y his Son Al- mufttsW, who Ikmp'^ t',iiilry olM.il Ailininillration, anii imlrcd iiiuiviblc ol (iovcrnincnr. Ins lirothcr was liilidiuitcd Kcgeiir ot ihc Kingdom* and on ihc Dcccalcof ////>/w///«.r Ml 168), took the Crown liy rlic Name vl 'J'tfcr II. He dymi; ni 17-6, was lu( ccalcd a. u. i/u6. k liis Sun ./o/-"'* the I it'th of thai Name, wlio is now King of'V-'or- ni'itl. Durui!', the War between /'raiur amlrhccontedeiated Pow- ers ol I'Mfope, winch began in 16X1;, '1'oHiinal oblcrve'l an exadt NciUMlity, ycr in the lall War they enrer'd into the (Kami Alh- jiiic in tlic Year ij^iy, l)nt there not liaving liapiu-iial any tiniig, ilmiii|; tlic Kcij^n of the lall or prelcni Pi nice, iciiiaika!
  • •■ M I' H, ;iii: ' I- '[ i\ M m' I i C II A P. IK. Of the Naval ffats of the. Spaniards. WIIKN the Roman Empire was drawing towards its DiHohi- tiun, and became unable to delend iis Provinces from the liruptioiis of barbarous Nciulibours, Spaiti^ as we have cllcwherc obl'crveii, fell a Picy to the Ci'o//j.r, who maintained ihemlelves there, ;/„r,oiiii «- iiiKJci a Scries of thirty Kings, from the Time of their firft Settle- ^f-wSpim. incur, Anno 411}. to the Year 714; when i\\Q Moors or Saracens^ A u. vm (uliiii^; over from Africa^ by the Treachery of Count 'Julian, in a- lioiit nine Moiitli's time rciluced the grcatell part of the Country to tlicir Obcdicn' c. Neverthclcls there arolc up amongll the Remains oi'ik (lothici: Race, Ibme great Men, who, by little and little, ta- king Advantage of the Diilenrions amongll the Moors, made head af^aind them and laid the I'ouudation of thole Kingdoms, which iii ilic ciiil proved too mighty for the Infidels. The firll great Stand that was made againll ihcm was by the Peo- ple of /^//wrMj and lii/iay, who being impatient of a tbrcign Yoke, ami (Irciigthcncd by great Numbers of other Chrillians who fled from the Fury of the Moors to tlx^lc luouiitainous Countries, cholc 'Pcta- (;/w for their King: Which Fxainplc was ibon followed by thole of Uivanc, who a()oni: the liimc rime let up Ciarcias Ximencs^ the (•iHiiulcrof the Kingdom oi' Navurrr, isTe/ai^ins was of the Kiu^j- (I'MIl of LcOH. Ill the Reign ol" one of his SuccefTors calleil Raviir \, who came tnthcCiown in 814, a numerous I'lcct of No/w.ins arrived on the On(i oi' G/illiciu, where CJiunittinj} great Devartations, Ramlr witagaind rhcin, and forced them to retire with the Lois of Ic- i-v ih, Si.\ vciity (if their Ships vvliich he burnt. Thole that clcapcd from '"•'f;'^ M m hence "'' Si,i. /'/;( NditiiJii lliet it.ittn i! I' m II, ■■* i! 'i' '. i'jiv ■■ ti' !, iil .|>;i /.Iv/ /rf'c from lilt Mouli. 2 6 xncdiiion w/lfit ca againll the Moors, but in reality defigneil for Sicily, to ddifi) the Itcinainder of the French there, who had lurvived the Mafli- ere, known by the Name of the Sicilian Vejpcrs. And having, accordingly, entirely cleared the Ifland of the French, he Icit a Sqiiadron there of five and twenty (iailies, under the Coiiiiiwndol liojj^er 'Dorid, Admiral of Arraj^on, and repaired with ihc ic(l m Sardinia, there to be at hand in calc of an Attack from the frnnli llir MdOli life jrvtriil I'liiin III >\y.[ni A. I) I). 1; I'l. A. I). ii,|X. I III Chil/lliin I'ltlitm itl ■I'lliiiliiit. A. I). I!., . Il't I trill li •hi I'm viil rl .'^iuly. liRl. Book III. I Chap. IX. KuinofthcKom.I'Mpirc. 26-j ll'icr 'Daria having kttlcil Affairs in S/ci(y, went out with his Siwidron, and ravaging the Coafls iA' Calal/ria, ciKlcavoiirccI to brill" tir: Kncmy, (who then pollincil the Kingdom i)i' Naples,) to n Ijjttcl, which lie cfledlcd , for Charles dc Falois (cut out his Sfiii the Prince of Salerno againd him, witli whom ''Dorta engaging III the Gulph of Naples, entirely dciear'cd him, taking him I'riloncr, uiih nine of his Oallics, and finking all the rcll of the Meet. I'hc l'i(iid) did .v)t let this Lois go long unrevenged, \\n landing on ih': Colli of Calaloiiia, they committed great Dcvadations there, and took levcral Towns but the Plague dcllroyiiig great Numhcrs ol ihcir Men, they were forced to retire, and lent home the Ships ihcy lud hnrroweil of the Cietioejc and ^P'tjans. In their way thi- tlicr, off'tlie Coall o\' (lema, they fell in with Rnfji^er '^Doria the Atraiitncff Admiral, then coming from S'uily to his Mailer's Al- filliiiitc, who thereupon hired them into his Service, and repaired Willi tliein to Narbonne, where he had Advice the Kncmy's Ships lay, wliicli he attacked and nude himicif Mailer of, but not being able to bring them off, let them on fire. 7V/r/' King ii'i Arra^cn dying, he was fuccccdcd therein by his %\\AMmi(Hs ill, as i j was in Sicily by his Iccond Son "fames. The Klaiids of Majorca and Tv'i^a having l)ccn conquered from ihc hUors by 'James I. of Arra^oUy were given by him, with the Title of King, to his Son 'James., (the Urother of King ""Peter bc- llircmciitioned) who having took part with the French againll his jjiilllroihcr, /llphoiiJUs now King of y//7v«(fo« dilpolllfled him of 111. Dominions, which iiaving done he alio reduced the Ifland of Mtnorcd, then held by the Saracens, and added if to his Domini- ons. About this time Sancho IV, King ot Cafiile, made a liicccls- liil Kxpcdition againfl the Moors, from whom he took 'TariJJ'a and diilroycd a great Meet the King of iu-z. lent to the Mnemy's Al- lillaiicc. Ill the me.m time Maty, the Wile oi Charles de Valois, who governed the Realm of Naples during the Imprilonment of her Husband, lent Renald <) Haljo with a llrong force to Sicily, where having reduced Catnna, he lent back his (hdlies to Naples liir a lUinfoieement of Soldiers, to whom Cw/y de Monfort was at the lame time proceeding from the Coall of /'///( rt;/v W' it h a Body (it tliolen Troops levieil in thai Country; but Roii^er '■Doriahcw'^ rlieii at Sea with the Fleet, tell in with aiul dcllroyed both thcle Squadrons, the lirll oil' Naples, ami the latter on the Tuflan Shore .- I'piiii the News of which Lois the h'reuch preleiitly i|uitted iV/a/y, iiMil made the bell of their way for Naples. About the lame time /lll'lmjiis dying, he was liiccecdcd in the Throne of /Irraf^nn by 'jmt's. King of iy/r//y, who thereupon j;ave that llland to his Iho- ^k\ Frederick, and on his Arrival in Spain entered into a League \\v\\ Ferdinand IV. o\' Cajhle againll the Moors, liom whom the hill recovered /llmeria, and the latter took ilihraltar. rhcConclufioii of this War was l()oii lollowed by the o|icning of iiiKihcr; llir the Pope beginning now to Hand in Icar of the great I'lnvti (il iIk- CiV//^J<71.'' aiul V'//^>'/.r, thought lit, according to the •''"Ilk Auilioiity ihey pretcnil (<> be mvclled with, to bcil.(//'„/ <■,!- t.tloiiia. I'lif Kinf of A'l.ii'.oii ( ./l.liiiiial li:liln tl/t I'lL-lldl '/.'//>(. M.ijtifci, V- viss .();./ Minor.','! ((/./.■./ 10 Ar- r.i",ciii. I ijc h ^IIK of ( '.illil.- llCllt ll.'C M.niii. Ii'ir J.'iii'ii.il of All i;;.)!! iltjll oil lllll ship, of N.)- plo, C'C. AIiiuMi.i an. I (;:lil.l!l.ll 1,1. (i» li.im iho M,i. r. 1 J .y. Hr,l !?«l [ I m li ;., m^ ^i\\ 26 S Naval Tranfathons fince the Book III. The Pope grants Cor- (K.i ami Sst dinia 10 the King of Ar- ragon. 1310. Cagliiri ta hen, and the Fleet of Pi fa ihi Sardin aiis rebel. Ifland oiCorJ r, belonging to the former, and that of Sardinia belonging to me latter, on the Kings of Arragotiy under pretence that it was the only means to put an end "-o the long Dilcord w! :|, had been between thole two Rcpublicks. But neither of them abid ing by fo unjuft a Donation, it was neccflary for the Arragonefi to have rccourle to Arms to get PoflelTion of thole Iflands. The ft. fans were the leall able to maintain their Right, and therefore Sir- d'tnia was firft attacked, whither Francis Larrofo repairing ar the Head of a Fleet, bcfieged Caaliari , which he loon forced to fur- render, and defeated Count Manfred ^ whom the Ti/ans had lent i'eaten'by that wlth a Squadfou of twcnty five Gallies to the Relief of the Be- o/Arragon. f,eged : Upon which Victory a Treaty of Peace cnfued, whereby the Tifans agreed to hold the Ifland of Sardiu/a as a Fief of the Kingdom of Arragon. Beringer Carrofo, the Son of the Admiral, was left with a Squadron at Sardinia^ under pretence of dctondinc it againft any Attacks of the MoorSy but in rcahty to prevent the Sardinians from rifing in Rebellion ; which neverthclefs fooii : .tcr happened, and a Fleet of twenty two Gallies were lent by the fi- fans, and the Genoefe of the Gibelline Fadion, to their Alliftancc, under the Command of Gafpar Tioria. Between him and the//;- ragonefe were feveral Iharp Difputes at Sea, but one more efpccially remarkable in the Bay oiCagliari, wherein Francis Carrofo, the Admiral of Arragon, obtained a complcat Vidory, and the I'lfons were thereupon forced entirely to abandon the Ifland, which hath ever fince remained to the Crown of Arragon. However, at firft it proved no great Prize, the Pofl^eflion of it being clogged by the Articles of Donation with fuch extravagant Taxes and Tribute to the Popes, who take care never to bcftow Gifts but to great Ad- vantage, that what with the Charge of Ships and Garrifons to main- tain it in its Obedience, and other necefTary Expcnccs, it coni'umed not only its own remaining Revenues, but great part of thofc of Arragon and Catalonia ; wherelbre a Diminution of the anddifchargd Taxcs was firft follicitcd and obtained, and not long after, upon cf Taxes, o;c. prctcnce of its frequent Rebellious , and the vaft Charge of main- taining if, a total Remiflion of them. Alton 'Doria cruizing about this time with a Squadron belong- ing to the Genoefe of the Gibelline Fadion, fell in, off Tom, a The Catalans Port of Sardinia., with nine Catalan Ships, and took or deftroycd heaten at Sea thcm all, which ftruck a great Terror amongft ihe Arragonefe. and h^theGeno- jnfpjred the Sardinians with Courage to take Arms, and make an- other Attempt for their Liberty : Whereupon the War was renewed, and a Fleet was fitted out from Catalonia coufifting of forty Gal- lies, and thirty Ships and Saetias, which iailing over to Italy, ra- The Cauians vagcd the Coafts oi Genoa from one end to the other, without Di- coT/ofGc- ft'"<^'0" of Friend or Foe, (for only the Gibelline Fadion were their iioa. Enemies) which fb cxaipcrated both Parties, that they united a- gaiiift them, and refolved to be revenged. To that purpofe they fitted out a Fleet of fixty Sail, with which firft icouring thcCoaftof The Genoefe Catalonia, they then croflcd over to Sardinia, where the Ara^o- caui"ns'.» *^V^ '^^P'^ themlclvcs dole in Port, no: daring to venture out to op- S^udinia. ' pole The Pifans hcAten at Sea ty ihoj'e of Arragon. Sardinia an- nexed to Ar- ragon, 1315. Book III. I Chap. IX. Ruifi of the Rom. Empire. 269 nofe them. But a new War breaking our, about Majorca^ it hin- dered for a while the farther Profccution of this Quarrel. Teter IV. was now King o^ Arragon^ who not being contented with the Ifland of Sardinia, caft his Eye alio on Majorca and Minorca, then pol- kf[iiby James II, his Coufin-Gcrman and Brother-in-law : and, in order to reduce them, fenn 'Peter de Moncada with a Fleet of a hun- dred Sail over to Talma, the chief City oi Majorca, whereupon the Kina betaking himfelf to flight, that Ifland, with Minorca, peace- ably (ubmittcd to his Obedience. In the mean time the Moors, with a great Fleet from Africa, at- tacked Alphonfus XII, who being aided by the other Chrirtian Prin- ces of J/'^/w ^ the King o( Arragon's Auxiliary Ships were com- manded by Godfrey Gir albert, to whom being committed the De- fence of the Streights Mouth, he was defeated and flain by the E- neray before Algczira, in the Bay of Gibraltar. The Arragonefe not bciiu^ able to maintain this Port, they were fucceeded on the ike Station by a Cajiilian Squadron, confifling of thirty three Gallics and fome Frigate"^, but with no better Succefs than the for- mer, for th9 Enemy engaged and overcame them likcwife, and flew the Admiral in the fame Place they had ib lately killed his Prede- cclTur ; which done, they landed their Troops in Spain without Op- poficion. After this Alphonfus Ortiz, Carderon was appointed to command the Fleer, confifling of fifteen Sail which cfcaped from the late Fight, and twelve new Ships, with feveral others belonging to Arra^on and Tortugal, who repaired to the Relief of Tar ij^, then beficged by a numerous Army of Moors under the Command ofAl- bohacen, and cutting ofF their Communication with t\\c African Shore, from whence they received all their Provifions, a Famine foon cnliied, which forced them to raifc the Siege, when making the bed of tl.eir way to their Ships without any Order or Dilcipline, the Cajiilian Army afliore attacked them in the midft of that Con- fufion, ai. '-. committed a prodigious Shnghter among them. After this Viftory Giles Boccanigra, a Gcnoefe, was appointed Admiral of the Fleer and Sea Coafts, who in one of the Ports of Granada, (cized twelve of the Enemy's Gallies, fix whereof he bmiit, and added the reft to his Fleet, which was loon after in- crcafcd by ten Ships from Tortugal, under the Command of Charles fcfaiio. In the mean time a numerous Fleet of the Enemy's failed out from C?///*?, and entered the Mouth of the G«W^zwef/7; where- upon Boccanigra repaired thither and blocked them up, and thir- teen Gallics of Algczira arriving to the Relief of their Moorijh AI- hcs, he engaged them, and after an obflinate Diipute, took or fiink them all. Then attacking the Moors v^ith his whole Force, he took thirty five Gallics, putting all tleMen to Death, the reft of the E- ncray's Ships making a hard fliifc to efcape. Immediately hereup- on, Al'iezira was beficged by Sea and Land, and notwithftauding the obftinate Refiftance of the Inhabitants, forced toliirrender; in theRcduftion whereof _7'*«^^-'' Seriva, and Matthc-jj Mercero, who commanded twenty auxiliary Gallies of Arr agon, having performed very fignal Service, were fuitably rewarded by the .King of Caftile. Abnur Vhjorca ani Minorca ton- qiier'd by Pe- ter IV. o/Ar- rago.n. The Moois overcome the Ckri/fian Fleet at Gilnaltar, an:{ that of Cjftile. Land'mSpiia, Are fi'rced to raife the Sie^t of Tarifla. And are ver- come at Sen 1341. Algeiira ta kea by th* Ciftilians. MA I '■;-,i'-iilkti m 270 Naval TranfaEHons Jince the Book III. ■ Chap- IX 'J f I Cerda. I3S3- >34'5. About this lime were ftrange Relations told concerning the Caua- ries, (the htfiila Fortunata of the Ancients) which were iiowvc The Pope z'l^ti ry liberally bcftow'd by Pope Clement VI. on Le^ji'is de Cerda, wiih the c;.innry /- the fame Right of Donation as one of his PredeccfTors had before Lc\vis'de given away Sardinia and Cornea: But as what had been ib kindly difpofed of, could not be as cafily acquired, we do not find that de Cerda ever got PofTefllon of his Dominions. Not long after, the Genoefe having indicated the Sardinians to a Rebellion, a Fleet of forty five Sail was luted out from Cataloiiui under the Command of Bernard Cafrar a y who being fbon alter joined by twenty Venetian Gallics, commanded by Nicholas fi. faniy proceeded to Sardinia ^ where, o^ Algeri, (othcrwiic callc.l Largtiero) he fell in with the Genoefe Fleet, commanded by An- thony Grimaldi, which he engaged and entirely defeated, takiniT rif Genoefe thirty five Gallies, and three thouland Prifoners. However Sardi- fy'thctiu- "'^ ^^'^5 not yet quiet, wherefore another Fleet was got icady a: i.in5fl«.-iVe- Barcelona to fettle Affairs there, on board which embarked the rctuns. j^jj,g of yfrragon himfelf, who proceeding to the B?y oi Al^en, Sardinia rf,/«- there landed his Troops, and expelling his Enemies, reduced the ifhnXT^ Ifland to Obedience. rraoon. gome timc after this Amifrofe Boccanigra was fent by Hciry I!, King of Cajliky with a ftrong Squadron to the Afllftance of the French againft the Englijhy whole Fleet, commanded by the Earl Tic Fngiiiii oiTembroke, he engaged o^ Roche l^ and entirely defeated, takin;; l^"'th/s'm\- ^^^^ ^'^^^ Prifoner, with moft of his Ships, which was followed by aais. ' the Surrender of the Town , then held by the Englijhy into the A. D. 1393- Hands of the French who beficged it. Tn 1393, fomc private Shp? belonging to Bifcay and Gutpufcoa failed to Lanccrota, one of the Cz««r>' 1 Hands, where the Bifcay an s defeated a Company of /?,.)- barians which oppofed their landing, and failing thence to the otliLr Iflands included under that Name, tiilly difcovered them all. Upon their Return home, they made a Report of their Proceedings 10 King Henry of Caftile, who thereupon gave leave to yohji il: II- thencourt, a Native of France, to go and take PolTcnion of rhrii; Iflands, but refcrved to himfelf and SuccefTors the Right ofSo\c- reignty therein. The Cajiilians under their King Henry III, thei. a Child, wcic iir,\v fitting out Ships to go on new Difcoveries, when "John King of '?f;- tugal attacking them, forced them to defift from iiich Enrcrpn/c , and turn their Thoughts to their own Defence. A Cajtilian Sc] ii- dron of five Sail, falling in with feven Tortugucfe Gallics, bcin J home from Genoa, with Troops and Armsc j board, the >5^^;/«^.V ■xht CAfiiiiAn bravely engaged them, and with fuch Succcfs, thar they took thicc ( t iTJ'lZc.i- the Enemy's Gallies, lunk one, and forced the reft to betake thcni- felves to Flight. Soon after which Adion, a Peace enfucd bct.vcca the two Crowns, during the long Continuance whereof, 1/;;. tl the Timc of Thilip II, the Tortugucfe difcovered un<\ carried ra their famous Navigations to the Eall, as the Spiniards did ro tnc ■ new World tlicy found our, within that Century, i'l die Weft. Then Bctheuourt again rcneucd his Attempts for the Rcdu(ilioii ol '■ " The Canary Ijlanili liifco- leriil. lies of Portu- gal. yl Peace be- tween the Kings of C\- ftile and Tor tugal. a«(»ry Iflands hiving fiibducc hiraofKingo qucrcd by the Port tor the S< court, one Mc but with fuch Government t^ fterity continu and Ifabellx, -rky^rrago than Trade, or ill Defence of lately, by a Joan of the K ofJnjou, who Powers of Ita fearing that if carry the War my's Forces, a cordingly he n: to them, whet both fides, the time, to comp( Alfhonfus for whereupon he fleet of eightc length a Qiiarr Son, ilie difinl her Son and h once cut off fi Naples and Cc Dominions thci refolving to coj tcr'd the Port c \va? alfo Earl ( cccdedon his^ On his Arriv he carried on t During the He Le-^'ts Duke of that Duke, the Throne of dom, being wea hisCaufe, he f Array, he pafT of Nal>lesy he QeHoefe for thi Duke of Milan ffiittcd) lent a ookIII. I Chap. IX. Ruin of theRom. Empire. (;^jary Iliands, which had been iuccrruptcd during the late War, and having liibdued F^rr^?, 'Pa/ma, and Teiieriffe^. had the Title given hira of King of thole Iflauds, together with Lancerota, before con- quered by the Bifcayansy where he built a Fortrefs,. and ntiade a Port for the Security and Advantage of Commerce. After Bethen- courti one Meriaultj likcwilc a Frenchman, reigned in thofe iHands, but with fuch a tyrannical Condudt, that he was obliged to (ell his Government to Ferdinand TereZy a Knight of «ym ■>'i, i^(' r. '. I' t '>'! m j\»f\ i'ii M '212 that of /,',,■ Kitif i>l A 1 1,1 (Ac ,'.|>!|i' (if (..it'l.i miji.l fhm In "M Niiv^ilTvanfiiHiotis fniccihc II-ckTij | ChaiUX fcrcto, which fAHiiij]; in with rh.ir r>\' /Jnaq^on, ncir the lllcor/'u;; .'.•I,/, oH'd'at'ta, ihcy c;imc to an Kiin;ii',cmcm, whciviii, .ilui an ol,. iliii.it(^ DilJMirc, the VicMoiy fell to lUc (ii/:fjr/,\ :uul ilio (ially on lH).\r(| Uhich iwn'^ /! I /> ho n J IIS hiinlclt wms, hciii;; llripr of Ikr ().its nii liiirciidcrnl hiriilcif I'rildiuf to ''I nnics'liijltinaii'i^ o-c ot the I'lu iny's C.ipi.iiiis ; wiih wlioiiut the (iiitc nine wcie f:tkcn liis Kidthii '/rf/;« Kmi; lA' Nau.irfr, ll,,i. r\ the I'limc liifnittr , ami inniiy other I'cn'oiis of tlic liillOu;.. liry, with thiitcoii Ships ofWar iml Icvcr.il Galhes. 'I'lic I'nloMa; of I ho eoiiviioii lort were '.'ore in Niiinher tlian the whole force of the (Iriiorfi., wherefore ihcy Icr moll of ihcm alhorc iiiid dii: niiffl'il I hem ; and uptiii ilic News of this I.ols, tliolc of tlic Ann- \[niirf!\ who were hetore f/z/c//-/, railed the Siege in the iirinollCon fiifiOM. Ilowever /tlplwvfits heinj^ l()Oii adniirred to an Interview with the i)nkc lAMihiiy pertbrme*! more hy Ins Addrcis tli;iii In; WiVi able to do hy his Anns', and lb wroiii'Jit upon hini, tli.u liu hron^hr him over to ciij^a^e in his Inrcrcfts, and enter into a'lrca- ty for that pnrpolc; winch lb cxali)erated the Cn'iioc(.\ ih.it tiny innnedi.uely tlncw off their Obedience to the Duke oi Mtlaii, and l)0'nil rliemlelvcs by Hnder IOn^',ai;enKnts to proletnto the Caiilc ol the h'tcmh. Aiplmifus^ now let at liberty and aided Iw ihc Dnkc o\' Miia//^ earned on the War lor Maf'tcs with great Vigour, N.ii'ii'i M «, :ind laid fiej',e to the capital City of that Kin;^dom, which lie , it y\'.','' J]"'-"^ Icnivh pollels'il himlelf oli notwithllandini^ the utinolf JKiiiits ol the !''rnty tjie Nunc n{' Jurdiiintid V, and by ilx Deceale of his Kather in 1478, liicccedxl alio to tiie Dominions ol yhyiii^on ', and having at length taken the Kingdom oi' (ir,w,ifk ttnm the Moors, became Mailer of all Spain, rxLCpt "J'l.'rln^d for fear the Moors, flio' liihdned, llmuld yet, becanle of ihcir rail Numbers in the Kingdom, again gather Strength, and make IkmiI;)i;iiiiI1 him, he lorced leventecn ihonland I ainilies of them 10 vcinc into /7////V/, where Hill he would 1101 Inllir them to rcll, hill Willi a confiderable Meet ravaging the Coafls oi /ir/t//ary, rook from (linn the Towns of Marfalcfiiivh., Or an, "Pviion y liii", ami his Cotiiuil, as a whiiiirical Projector, he miipoicii the ixmz thing {o'fohn 11, Kxwc^oii'ortu^al^ where moct- [ii_, with the likcTreatnicni as ir. rjn^^ltiHti, he apnJiCil himlclf to the imirt ot Spam, aiKJ was y the Eui^itlh Crtrr-KlamI, being one of rlioic now known by tlic Name of rhe /^rf/j /Wrf's, Which finding to be uninhabited, ho iM Decoded thence to i'.itha, from whence he took Ibmc of rhc Maiivcs on hoard, who condudtcd him to Cihao, which he na- mnl Hi/pauio/a, where he dilcovered Icveral rich (iold Mines; ami rnidini^ the lidiabitants of that I (land to be of a more loci- able and civili/.'d Temper tlian the former, he relblved to leave Ibmc of his People among them, while he returned to Spain to give an Acfount of his Kxpcdirion : And accordingly ereding a kiiul olaFort with the Timber of one of his Ships, wliich he broke up tor that piirpolc, he left Ibmc Spantardx to defend ir, and Icrring jail loi Spntii, arrived in fifty Days nr St. Lticar, bringing with him aQiuiitity ofCioId, ami twtivc of tl'.o Natives of Utjpaniola as Wiiiicircs of his Dilcovery. The News of his Arrival was received with ^rcat Joy by the Court of Sptiin; but when '/o/;// King of foitiif^al hcaril of the Dilcoverics which had been made, he, by his AiiibjlTiuIor at Madrid, complained to that Court, that tlicy en- croached upon his Dominions, tor that the Countries they hati tbund out (lid o\ Right belong to him, as poirelling the Cape I'crde I- llimls, and the Sovereignty of the Ocean, which his Anccllors firlt caiilal 10 he navigated. 'I'o which the Spam /h MmitkMs made An Iwcr, that what was not in any botly's PoffcHion before lay open to all Men, and that it could be no Injury to any one if they, by their Imludry, made themlclves Mailers of what was till then un- known to the refl of the World. Hereupon enlucd very high Words between the two Courts; but at length, to prevent rheic Dilpures trnin hrcaking our into a War, they appealed to Pope /llrxandirW. for his Determination of the Matter, who decided it in favour of \\k Spaniardt, in this maimer. By an imaginary Line drav/n from "■• r.i/r . ».- North ro South through both the Poles, in the Longitiule of five Zt'^h^Jl'L- De^recs WcHt frcin the lllands of Cape f^irdc, he divided the World ,.i\:oi.nn,t, into two Parts, all Lands ililcovercd, or to be dilcovereil, ro the ""'"""'I''. Wcftward of which he alligned to the King of Spain, and thole to s'p,mui'.i'. .1./ thcKalhvard were to belong to the King of 'I'orfu^a/. I'oiiu.vinr Nn Hereupon W^: i, h'! iuh\ r ' v^m m% "'m \,; .ilk ' '.; .. •' ■'' *' iiii I S'+'J ^l' 274 Naval TranfaBions jince the Book 111. I493- Hereupon Columbus was, the next Year, ordered to return to thefc new-found Countries, with a Comminfion, ftyling him Admiral of the Indies ; in which Voyage he dilcovered the Iflands of the C«. nibalsy the lame which arc now called the Caribbees, on each of which he ioipolcd iuch a Name as he thought fit, naming one %. minica, becaulc it was diicovcrcd on a Sunday; another Santi Cruz, from a Crols which he ercdcd there ; a third Guadclupa, be- caulc the Land appeared like a Mountain of that Name in Spam-^ a fourth, inhabited by only Women, like x\\c ylmazotis of the An- cients, he named Matanma, being the fame which is now called Mart'r cfue ; p ifth he called Monfcrat, from its high Lands ap- pearing Icr \ m lev cral Places like a Saw; a fixth V?o/oW hundred Men , t here took Tontochcn , a City of the Indians , to which he cave the Name of Vittoria, bccaulc before the taking of it he had defeated the Prince of the Country in Icveral Battels. 1 his done, he embarked his Troops, and failed to the River Alvarcdo, and thence to the Zcmpoallan, near which he built the Town of Vtra-Cruz, and there finking his Ships, cut off all Thoughts of a Retreat from his Soldiers, and gave them to underhand they muft cither conquer or die : Leaving that Place with a Imall Garrilbn for the Defence of it, under the Command oi' 'Peter Hircio, he at- tacked the Town of ZempoallaH, and prcfently reducing it, changed its Name to that of Seville. Thence opening his way, Sword in Mcxit, Hand, to Mexico, fituate in a great Lake, he laid fiege to that Ci ty, which he reduced to his Obedience, and, by a Stratagem, took Pnlnncr Montezuma, the King of the Country, and put him to Death ; after which he was forced out of the City by an luliirrc- dion, but rallying all his Forces, together with thole Indians which were his Friends, he again attempted it by Land and Water, and af- ter a long and tedious Siege, wherein infinite Multitudes of the E- nemy were llain, again made himlelf Mafter of the Place, together mth^tahufimoca the new King, whom he lent Prifoner to the Em- peror C/;/7r/wV, with his Share, the fifth part of the Spoil, which ttas of ineftimable Value. Having repaired the Damages the City ' had fufTercd in the Siege, he proceeded thence to Chila on the Sea- Coaft, which he rebuilt, and called St. Stephen. After which he carried his Arms through all the other Parrs of that Province, and, having with a handful of Men liibdued numberlefs Hofts of Enemies, and reduced the Country wholly to his Obedience, he peopled ic with Colonies from Europe ; and having Icttled it in Peace, being worn out with Years, and the Toils of War, he left his Conqucfts-, and returned to lay his Alhcs in Spain. In the mean time John 'Diaz lailing Southward, along the Coafl t\ Brazil, came to an Anchor in the Mouth of a great River call- ed by the Natives of the Country the Paraguay, to which xhcSpa- mnrds have fince given the Name of Rio de la Plata, becaulc the firft Silver they received from Peru came down that River. Now alio was Peru difcovered , by Land , and an imnienfe Extent of i\ru Country reduced, by the Slaughter of Millions of the Inhabitants, ^) to the Obedience of the Spaniards ; among whom however , at N n z length, 1511. Huced y the S('aiii- • "" Tt ■ "I •f * \ 'A-\ VV:- ^ll ^1^3 21 6 NdVdlTranfdtliom [nice the Book III. ■ Chap. L iCW \'u\ ,\v. t' VijCo'.triti. KTiiArh, there aroic liicli Dinciifioiis about the Divifion of the Spoil tli.u tlu V luid gone near to hive ilcflroycil one another thcinlcfvcs' anil given \.\\c/Jiiietiians an G()portunity of recovering their Lol- I'es, if 1 lie Emperor Charles W . had not timely lent over Ibmc Judges to NomLrc dc 'Dios to determine their Dilputes, and put an ciid to thole Diircifions, by loiuc whollbme Severities upon the chief of rhe Olicndcis. The Anibiii(Mi and Avjricc of the Spaniards was not yet lb fa. ti^^ud by riK DMCo\cr\ of all thclc llland<, and this vail Coiitmcnt but that they crvicd the i'ottu^ncfe their PolTcflions in the Eaft; and a fliorrcr Pall jgc mull now he found out to them (as they hoped M.igc:iiii'i there might) hy \\\(:\slc{\. oi /Imerica. For this \>\.\t^ok Ferdinand Magellan, a H'oriugueJ'v Navigator, who had been dilobligcd at home, ollercd his Service to the Emperor, tromsvhom receiving the Comm.ii'd of five Ships he j'.-t lail from St.Lucar the tenth oiAn- gulf 1^19, ;ind, touching at ihc Canaries, proceeded to the Souther- Uioll Par's at' /in/erha, beyond the tbrementionM Rio dc /a 'Plata, (all v hich is from him fuicc named Terra Mage/lai/icaJ where the firft Place he anchored in he called the IJay of St. "Juiitin, and the Counrrv the Land of Giants, becaulc of tlic great Stature of the Inhabitants; the next River he came to he named Santa Cnz, whence proceeding farther Southward, he arrived at a great Pro- montory, 10 which, becauic he firit law it on Sx.1)rjiild'i Day, he gave the Name of the Eleven thou/and J^irginsy in allufion to a ri- diculous I cgcirl 01 the Church of Rome concerning that Saint, Having ddibled this Cape, he entcr'd into thole Streights which have ever fmce bore his Name, and palling through the lame, came into the South Sea, where leaving Chili and 'Pcrti. behind him, lie lailed for many Weeks, and then palling the iEquinodial, proceeded to the Iflands he named the Ladrones , and from thence to thofe fmce called the Tbilippincs, when he had with hiiu only three of his live Ships, one of them having left him and returned to Sfaiii, and the other being caft away. Magellan having lailed round leve- rai of thclc Iflands, came at length to Mat an, one of rhe Number, where, in a Battel with the Iflanders, he was unfortunately llain by an Arrow. Hereupon the Spaniards chol'c "John Serrano lor their Leader, but he, with five and twenty of his Companions, being foon after treacheroufly killed at a Banquet by the King of Cebii, and the reft not being able to manage their three Ships, they burnt one of them at Bchol, and thence came down to the Moluccas, where, at Tidore, having purchaled a Quantity of Spices of the King of the Ifland, the two Ships departed thence for Spain, each a different way. That called the Trinity failed Eaftward, in order to touch at 'Panama, and return by the Rout Ihc came, but being forced back by contrary Winds to Tidore, flic there fell into the Hands of the 'Fortiigucje, and was taken, as we have before mentioned. The other, named the Victory, was the only one now left of hkifl- tan's five Ships , which lailing through the Indian and /Ethi'jfick Oceans, doubled the Cape oi Good liope, and then traverfiug the Atlanticky after a three Year's Voyage, happily arrived, under the , Commaud t_\,inmaiid oi the full Ship] N.)t long Sea, mii'-'h ^\ 11) the McdiM ;,/,(, and dilH cllewhcrcobl 0)u)ks V; and appointc| pjiifd alio, f(irui^(d, oil ;/,,;/;/, and /'J ThcHa'f hcif where lamlin; them, cut ofi they loon ina oi'T««/.f It Ic Miih tlajj'a. bute to th ' E Afiica, Bifu the Calllc of ' 111 the Win Expedition tc Advi:cot the till the follow and eighteen Men, which a httic to the the Sicgc ; bi Wind and Rai Gallics from iliat he was fi liifion, and ei turned to Spt, "1 iic tamou fioiii tlic S/>ti of it, •Philip doiii of Spain covcry ofthn ced the Iflani Turkiih Fleet Mifter'. of th dciho^iaj, foi rrr Succcfj in P1.H.C from t I'tom Spnin 1 'homrhe 5) retire with a by the fignal n th I^ookIII. ■ Chap. IX. Kmtof thc'Rom.Ewpire. Command of Sclmjlian Cauo, xt the Porr of Sr. Lucar, and was ihc firll: Ship thai: navigated round tlic Globe. Not long after Occafion offered for cmployinj» the Spamnrds at Scj, iiiii'-'h nearer home ; for Haradin fiarbartijla, a notable I'lratc iiiihc IVIcdirerniicaii, having taken the Calllc oi iioletta near Tft- ),/f, and dilpoirclTcd .A/«/(^ Ha {Jan of that Kiiipdom, as \vc have clierthcrcoblirvcd, the outed i'niice implored Aid of the Kmpcror C/V/'/<'^ V; w iKTCiipon a great Fleet was fitted out to rc-inlhte him, and appointed to rendezvous at i.agltari in Surdin'ta, whither re- pined alio, as Ajxiliaries, Icvcral Ships oH Genoa, a Sciuadron of •Ponn^urfc commanded by Lr-^'is., the Brother of John King of fititupil, one ot the Pu|)e's, under the Command of 'Paul Jujti- //«//;, and I'lrginiiis IJrp-i'i^ ami another of the Knights of Malta. ThcHcc being here all afreinbkii, crofTcd over ro 'Porto Farina^ where laiidin'.; the rro()[)-, they pur to flight thole who oppolcd ihcm, cut of! a Body of iMen thar lallied out from Golctta, which they loon nude themlelves Maftcrs of, as they did prelently after olT/w/V it Icif; and driving Harbanqfa out of the Kingdom, fee Miih tlafan again on the Throne, he firft agreeing to pay a Tri- bute to th ' Emperor, and yield him a PofTcflion of the Towus of Aftica^ Bifirta, and Boua^ (with the neighbouring Iflands,) and the Cartic of Goletta. Ill the Winter of the Year rs'41, the Emperor undertook another Expedition to Africa^ in order to reduce Alii^'tcr, contrary to the Advice of the Pope and others ^vho would have had him defcrr'd it till the tollowing Spring His Fleet confided of a hundred Ships, and ciiihtcen Gallies, having on board two and twenty thouland Men, which he landed lafely near Cape Metajitz, a point of Land ahttlcto the Eaftward of the City, of which he prelently formed the Siigc; but in a few Days there arofe lijch a fierce Storm of Wind and Rain, as demolilhed all his Works, drove his Ships and Gallics from their Anchors, and made luch univerlal DelVudHon, ti'iat he was forced to rile from before the place in the utmoft Con- tjfioii, and embarking on board the Remainder of his Ships, he re- turned to Spiin with the Lois of half his Fleet and Army. I he famous Piiatc 'Dragut Raiz having in if ji taken Tripoli fiom the Spaniards^ after they had been forty Years in PofTcflion otit fb'ilip II whofucceeded his Father Charles Y. in the King- dom nt'^/;^///, fitted out a confiderable Fleet in if^o, for the Re- covery of that Place; which failing to the Coafts oi Tripoli, redu- ced the Iflaud oi Zerhi, but was loon after attacked there by the Turkijl.: Fleet, and utterly defeated, the Enemy making thcmfelvcs Mailer, of the Ifland, killing eighteen thoufand Men, and taking or dcilro^uu; forty two of the Ships. Fiowcver in 1^64, he had bet- tfrSuccel. in his Attempts on Tenon deVelcz, and recovered that Plitc fioin the Moors. Two Years after a (Irong Fleet was lent liom ^ain to the Relief of Malta, then befieged by the Turks, '■ hom the Spaniards engaging, forced them to raife the Siege, and tciirewith a prodigious Lois. This Succefs was followed in if 71, hj the fignal Victory which 'Don John oi Aujiria, with the Sj>a- nijh ^11 'SJi- ihi rlut cf < ha lies V. hrali lUlba- riiir*. A. D. r{4i. The Fmpertr forced to raifi the siege of Argier.s. A. D. I5JI, I J 60. The Fleet of I'MipU.bett' ten by the Turks. 1564. The h.mperer takes Penon de Vein. 1566, i57r. The Turks beaten at Malta, antf Lepuittf. li i V.ii i;7V I>l.n jllall »rr/«l#l Tl - |il>, wlllli) I' llttS. (.(I j/.fl'clllll- ll/e I Kiul) .1/ .Vf.i wi.ii the Atorcs, 278 Naval Tratifa8iom fitjce the BookIH, | ChapJ^ «i/Z; Fleet, in concert with that of l^enice, the Pope, and the dm. cfi\ obtained ' over the Turks near Lepanto, which gave liich j lllow to the Tut kip Naval Af?airs, as they have never fincc hccu able to recover. In \/"/>> liiitii hi lilt Spuliiliils. The Spnni- aiils lake I ,a r.ulu" iin.l 1610. 'J he iiatlic! ci .Sicily litat the Tlliks. BookUI I Cha p. IX. Nuin ofthe Rom. FjNp ' i rc. 219 l(r,:). ihcictorc a violent Kyc li>rc to the Emperor of Aforocco, who in ,v.i laul ficgc to ir, wlicreiii he was allillcd by a SiHuilroii of «6»' '/JHrf/i Ships their Truce with Spain being now cxpircil; Hut ///- ///# sium- />/)();//«/ (jintrira being kiit to its Relict with the Spanijh l-'Uer, ^I'l'^^'/^^'^'* hjppily elicited ir, and railed the ficge with a threat Slaughter ofthe Dmi'iV, "' Kiiciiiv. The lame Year I'refknckili'Tolciio, Admiral <>tiS/rf/w, being at Scjwithil)c(iallics,fell in with a7)«/r/> Hccr in the Strciglits Mouth, H Inch he \vorl\cd, and ronk t luce lA their Ships and lunk one ; Some time .itiawhich, he was lent wirh a Meet of thirty nine lail to Iha/i'l^ where miniiiiKibon with fix and tliirry 'l'or/t/{^ifr/i Ships, inidcr Matm- ,IJ'' Mniifcs, he atratktd the Town oi St. Salvadort which the ,/„ d,,,;!, VW) luii lately taken from the i*orfH(^Hc/i-\ and defeating the E- ftttiic.ui>>Li iiciny'sHccr, tiirccd the ncncgc(l to liirrcndcr, on condition of be- j,',/|l',|,",'J' '' iiii; iMiilportcd to lloUand. Miir the Spaniards in a Ihort time af- ^-u'cic .k m. tcribrly p;»id for this trilhiig Advantage; for '/^f/fr /^'V/zj- repair- •''•'iv>Jor. ii^wirh a Si]ii.iilron of */)fitch Ships to the (uilph of Florida, fell ,rs8. Ill, near the I/avana, wirh the Plate-Fleet, and took moft ofthe ""• i)m h (ijllwns, which plundering of their Cargoes, he ran them afliorc, ',^'X 'I'l'^jl^* ami brought oil' with him near a Million, Sterling, of Silver, befidcs iitet. Jcwils, (lold Chains, Ambcr-greccc, Cochinil, and great Qiiantities otOthcr rich Commodities. Ill 1^39 the Spaniards fitted out a confiderabic Fleet under the Comiiuiui of //fitotiio de OqueiidOy confiding of fixry (even large Ships and Galleons, manned with five and twenty thouland Seamen, ami havinc on board twelve thouland Land-men, with what Dcfigii wjs nor then known, but liippoicd to be to diflodge the TiHtch Ships from b'^forc ^Dunkirk, and land the Troops there for the \\c- k\ cU-'lilidrrs iud the rell of the Spattijh Provinces; tho' Mon- licur I'liffhidnrf fays, it was afterwards found out to be intended mm^ ^\^c S'wedes, in favour of the '7)<7»rj, who, againft the Ar- iival (if that Fleet at (.iottenbttr^^ had got ready an Army of twen- ty tliniiland Men to penetrate S-ji'cdan on one fide, while the Spa- ;/'^/' Trooj) ihnnid land and enter it on the other. However the '/-V/'fA hiving two or three Stjuadrons at Sea, the Spanijh Fleet ii,r\^\\u-\\ coining up the Chanel, was met, near thcSrrcights of 'Dover, by '""•' •'"''<» niicnr them, coiifirting of Icventcen Sail, imder the Command of J'j'r.'Hnt'ii. Ihpi'it vauTroMf; who, notwithftanding the Enemy's great Su- o.i'-' pcrioriry, ventured to attack them, but finding himlcif too weak, !', t to Windwaril, lailing alone towards Dunkirk, and continually liriiii; Guns as a Signal to the V^Mtch Vice- Admiral, who lay oft" that Pkc, to come to his AlTiftai c, who accordingly joinctf him the next Morning between "Dover arid Calais^ where engaging the Spa- mrds, a very (harp Fighr enllied between them, whicn laded Icvc- ral Hnurs, wherein the 1)nteh had greatly the Advantage, and ha- viiit; taken one Galleon, liink another and much Ihatter'd the reft, ar Icnjith forced them upon the Engiijh Coaft near Dover. This iI'Mic, 'Tnmp, being in want of Powder and Ball, flood away for r(: W ::t4 if m ■ ''IV' .Sfvtul of 1,'jc kirk. 280 NavalTrafifaBwrn fincethe EookIH B ChapI^ Foreland, and put thcmlclves under the Protedion of the ncwh. boiiring CaHlcs. ^ Tlic two Fleets continuing in tliis Poflurc for many Days ob- laving each other, the Minifters of both Nations were notlclsem. ployed in watching each other's Motions at lyh'ttchall, and ciicoun. tcring one another with Memorials. The Spatiijh Refidcntiinportuncil the King that he would keep the Hollander in Subjcdion two Tides that lb in the interim the others might have the Opportunity of making away for Spaiii^ but the King being in Amity with them both, was rciolvcd to ftand Neuter, and whereas the Spaniath had hired Ibme Rtigltfl) Ships to tranlporr their Soldiers to ©////^^•if upon Complaint made thereof by the 'Dutch EmbafTador, ftridl Or- ders were given that no Ships or VefTels belonging to His Maicdy's Suhjcds Ihould take any Spaniards on board, or pals below GVw- /•//^/without Licence: However after great plotting and counter- plotting; on both Sides, the Spaniard zx. length Ibmewhat outwitted liis Enemy, and found means, by a Stratagem, in the Nii>ht, tn convey away through the 'Do'^C'Wj, xowwdkh-^ \\\(i North- Sand-Hmi and the back of tiic Goodwin, twelve large Ships to Tiunkirk, and in them four thouland Men ; in Exculc of which grols Ncglcd of the 'Dutch Admirals in leaving that Avenue from the T)ou'ns un- guarded, the Dutch Accounts fay they were alTurcd by the En^lijh, that no Ships of any -onfidcrablc Burthen could venture by Nigfii to (ail that Way. The two Fleets had now continued in their Station near three Weeks, when King Charles lent the Earl oi' ylrundel to the Admiral of Spain, to defire him to retreat upon the firft fair Wind; but by this time the Dutch Fleet was, by continual Reinforcements from Zet- land and Holland, incrcalcd to a hundred Sail, and Iccming dilpol'cd to attack their Enemies, Six John Tennington, Admiral of His Ma- jcQy's Fleer, who lay in the "Downs with four and thirty Men of War, acquainted the Dutch Admiral that he had received Ordcrsro adt in Defiance of either of the two Parties who Ihould be firft at- tacked. The Spaniards however growing too prclumptuousonthc Protedion, they enjoyed, a Day or two after fired Ibmc Shot at Van Tromp\ liarge, when he was himfelf in her, and killed a Man with a Cannon- Ball on board one of the Dutch Ships, whofedcad Body was prclcntly lent on board Sir John 'Pennington, as a Proof that the Spaniards were the firfl: AggrelTors, and had violated the Neutrality of the King of England^s Harbour. Soon after which the 'Dutch Admiral came to a Rclblution of attacking the Sfmi- ards ; but before he put it in Execution, he thought fit to write to * hniral 'Pennington, telling him that the Spaniards having, in the inftanccs beforcmcntioned, infringed the Liberties of the King's Har- bour, and become the AggrcfTors, he found himlcif obliged to reta- liate Force with Force, and attack them, in which, purluant to the Declaration he had made to him, he not only hoped for, hut de- pended on his AfTiftance ; which, however if he Ihould not be pica- led to grant, he prayed the favour that he woaltJ at lead give him leave \lfpt mici- p ii'ci lefucoi the nur.h atid SjMiii- -,ds ill the Powns. tilt i e EooKlli ■ Chap.IX. Ruin of the ^om. Empire. 28l \i 'f leave to cii;^agc the Enemy, othcrwilc he Ihould have jufl Caufc of Complaint to all the World of lb manifcft an Injury. This Letter being delivered to the Knij^lijh Admiral, Fan Tromp v.in -I'romp bore up to the Spaniards, in fix Divifions, and charged them jq -^ "Jf'"/"'^r»- tiirinully M irh his Broad fides, and his Firclhips, as forced them all IhoJ'Tj" rn cut their Cables; and being three and fifty in Number, twenty '-'uwns. three ran alhorc and firandcd in the Doinns, whereof three were biirnr, rA'o funk, and two perilhed on the Shore ; oiieof which was :> arcar Galleon, (the Vice- Admiral of GW//V//2y' commanded byy^/;- mo de Capo, and mouutcd with fifty two Brals Guns: The Re- minder of the twenty three ftrandcd, and delerted by the Spani- dris, were manned by the Engltjh, to lave them from the 'Dutch. The other thirty Spamjh Ships, with "Don Antonio de Oquendo, rlie Commander in Chicri And Lo/fezi Admiral of I^Oftuga/, got out to Sea, and kept in good Order, rill a thick Fog arifing, thc'Dutcb took Advantage thereof, intcrpolcd between the Admirals and their Fleer, and tbughr them valiantly till the Fog cleared up, when the A liiiir.il of i'ortugal began to flame, being fired by two 'Dutch Ships fitted for that Purpofc, which Ty Oquendo perceiving prelcnt- jy Ihmd away for Dunkirk with rhc Admiral of that Place, and lome k\v Ships more ; for of thcic thirty, five were funk in the Fight, Sp.iniili s/./;; eleven taken and fent into HolUnd, three perifhed upon the Coafl/""'^^ '""''''' o(FiiWce, one near Dover, and only ten cfcapcd. I have been the more particular ia the Account of this Engage- ment bccaulc ot rhc Relation it hath to our own Affairs, and have icportcd it in all its Circumftanccs, (the mofl: material of which have been omitted even in that laid to be Sir John 'Pennington's own Account of ir,) for that othcrwilc the Englijh Government would appear to have departed from the common Rights of all Nations, in iuilciing one Friend to deflroy another within its Chambers, and not annnadvei ting upon the Dutch for that Proceeding, did it not appear that the Spaniards committed the firft Hoftility, which was the I'lea the others made in their Juftification : lor though, by the Lav of Nations, I am not to attack my Enemy in the Domiuions of a Friend common to that Enemy and my fcif, yet no Laws Na- tural, Divine, or Human, forbid mc to repel Force with Force, and aft in my Defence when or wherefbcvcr 1 am attacked. But, how- ever, it muft he confcfTed the Dutch well knew their Time, and had the hkc Circumftin:es happened twelve or fourteen Years after, when the Ullirpcr r«.'lcd, they V\^ould probably have waited for far- ther Ffoftilitics from th.eir Enemy, (one or two Random Shot only, bcin!^ liable to Exception, and to be cxcufed as accidental) before they lud ventured upon fiich at " lion. This was a Lois very fatal to mc Naval Aflairs oi Spain, that Kingdom having ulcd its utmoft EfTcjrts in this Armament, by much the i^rcucd that had ever been made fincc the dcftrudivc Blow of ■uiti. And as one jMisfbrtune generally falls on the Neck of auo- UtVxench ther, this was followed by fcvcral liiccefTive Defeats at Sea from the I'l" 'b' Spa- Imck both in the Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, particularly in "'" ' "' ^"'' tlic lalt, where the Aichbifhop of Bourdeaux, at the Head of the O o French U \t \\ .'... '1^ m%': irliiii 282 Naval Tranf anions jmcc the Book III. C.n.iloni.i and I'ortuga n -jJt from Sp.i!n. French Gallies, engaged the Spaniards before Tarragona, and ra- king one, liink or burnt eleven others: At which time alio hjp. pcned the Revolt both of Catalonia and 'Portugal, the firft of which ccft the Crown of Spain eleven Years to recover, and the latter, after Icveral friiitlers Attempts, they were forced entirely to quit all Prctenfions to by Treaty (in which our King Charks II, was Mediator,) and acknowledge it as an independent Kingdom, Since which time the mod remarkable Incidents in the Hillory of the Spanijh Monarchy, arc its three liicccfTive Wars, under Charles II. with the French King, the firft terminated by rlic Peace oiJlix la Chapclle^ the fccond by that oi Nimeguen, and rlic tlijrj by that of Ryfivick ; and laftly its 'Var, under Philip \\. the pre- fcnt King, in' Conjun<3;ion with France, againfl the conftderarcd Powers oi Europe, which ended by the Peace of Vrrechr ; but not findini* in all thefe any thing remarkable to ourpurpofc, except in the two laft Wars, (the principal Occurrences whereof at Sea, as they bear a Relation to our own Arfairs, will be found in the fourth and fittli Books of this Work) I come in the next Place to the Naval Tranf adions of the "Dutch. ";i, Chap. X. Of the Naval Wars of the Dutch. \!Mm I 'Af' » Wefer. ' lin)bs ' I ^ H E People of Holland have from very remote Times been I oblcrvable for their Application to the Sea, inibmuch that vc findj in the Reign of Tiberius the Roman Emperor, Gcrmamm, who was at the Head of the Legions in thole Parts, dcfignipt^ an Expedition againfl the Germans between the " Vifurgis and the'//- m'lfius, and rcfolving to go up the latter of thofe Rivers, and attack li.e Romnns them by Water as well as by Land, he, to that purpofc, by theAf- 'nJt'Sned finance of the People of the Jnfula Batavrrum (now the Province i>.'/;fbutch. of Holland) built a Fleet of a thouland Ships, both for the Sail and the Oar; Ibmc of a round Form to fuflain the Violence of the Waves ; others with flat Bottoms, for the more convenient landing the Troops ; many with two Rudders, one at each End, for ihe more expeditious turning them; and fevcral with Decks laid over them, to carry the Warlike Machines, without incommoding the Horics or Provifions With which Fleet GVrw^yw/a/J proceeded ^n his Dcfign, and executed it with good Succefs, but the Ships in thcit Return home, meeting with a violent Storm, were raoft of them unfortunately loft. The next News we hear of thefe People at Sea is on their Re- volt from the Romans under the Emperor Vitellins, whole ftarioni- ry Fleet they attacked in the Mouth of the Rhine, and entirely lie- 'Indhanhllr ft^oycd, killing all the Troops on board, and utterly extirpating the 1 titrt. Ronmn ' The Dutch cvoir from m (;ha p. X. Rtini of the Rom. Empire. 283 /,';,V;W Name in tlicir Coiinrry. I'hcir Allairs for icvcial iiibicqucnt / cs a'C involved in Inch Obicurity, that wc meet with i:oihing iivrpol' their N.ival Kxploits iill the Time of the Counts oi' I lol- /:Vi'J, under whom the 'Dutch made icvcial ExpeJitions, in conjun- He nutch Ciioa wirh the neighbouring Narions, for recovering the Holy Land •"'•I''' the the Saracens; where they gave many fignal Proofs of their H,'ihn,f rom 5" VjI iir, irirticiilarly at thcSicgc oiDam'inta in Aigypt ; lor to ^omQ to the Holy Sir,')-, oi h'aflem was ciiiclly owing the Redud:iou of that Place, by ^-l"/'. means of a kind of Saw fixed to them, whcrcw ith they cut the n«jDamu"n. l^liiis whu'h were placed under Water for the Security of that iiwkxjobn If, one of thcfc Counts, his Son (who fiiccecdcd by tic S^\mc of fFil/iamU]) gained a great Naval V'idory, ott'ot'Zi- rid^i'i: \n Zccln/td, over Gnido o'i ''D ampler^ Count of I'l'iudcrs^ overcome the ,^i;crciii ten thouland of the Flemings were flain, and great Nura- ''"■'''/ ^/•« 5:rsor Prii(jners taken, with mofl of the Ships; foon afrcr which Fia'iuicrl riicvi^ivo ihe Fkmings anotlier fignai Defeat ofl'thc Ille of Cad- '304- I'vit. ' But at length Count JViiliam^ in his turn, was w orflcd love- 1,1 'iaics uP'On tiic Coalls of Zcelaud, particularly in an Engagc- i jXoflJayvela/Jty wherein one of his bed Officers, OVz/Vj Biiliop oiVtrccbt, was taken Pnioncr, with many others, three thouland rhe Dutch Udlavdcrs Ham, and himielf narrowly elcaped falling into the Enc- "je^f'^""" im's H.'aid-; but Ibou after fitting out a new Fleet, he lent for I'l'^n/t,,. Ri)jier (jtifiibaltz, from Cieuoa, (the liime who \\as afterwards the fwich King s Admiral, and had that Complaint exhibited againfl: hmTo our Edii'ardl, whicn is at large cited ui the firlt Book of tnis Hillory) who having the Reputation of the moll: export Sea- man in that Age, he committed to him the Command of his Ships, cimcto an Engagement with xXxt Flemings o(( Zirickzcc , which contiuucd till Night, when a violent Swell of the Sea parted them; III which Circumliance rhe Count of Holland, to keep his Ships rc- ectlicr and in the lame Or ier they had engaged, linked them to each other with large Grappling Irons, which, in calc of an Attack, would be Proof againfl any Force of the Enemy, who on the other Hand .allcn'd theirs only with Ropes and Cables, which the Hol- /..'/.y/,;/ taknig an Opportunity to cut in the Night, thereby put the whoiL IJL-ct in the utuioll; Dilbrdcr, inibmuch that the greareli: part ol the Ships fell into their Hands, together with Count Gnido him- Ul, who eommandcd them. Which Misfominc was ibon after fol- lowed by another r.o Icls fatal; for both the hoililc Fleets being dil- The nmch pnl'cd ready ibr Battel, the Flemings lent a Fircihip againll the "Bntcb, u hich, by a iudden Change of Wind, being forccJ back a- iimna their own Ships, caulcd great Deftrudlion among thcin, at winch time the Dutch briskly charging them, thereupon cn!ucd the Lilsofthe whole Fleet, confilling of a thouland Ships, wiiichwcre aii cither burnt or taken. Wc hear nothing more of their Naval Wars for many Years ; bur about 1416, IFtUiam Boitckeld is laid to have firft found out the Vjy of curing Herrings, which celebrated Fillicrman dying in i447» lie was buried at Biervliet, a Sea Por: of Flanders, at which Place O o 1 the vcrrme jt Sf.i thofeof Minders. A. D. I4i<5. riie curing of Herrings found out. i!i' ■, v i'ii l:i' • ■ii: l|':?i: '[*• i,i ! ■ ■ :, 1 k Ii!!!: ! \ i i^SMt 284 ]SI aval Tranfatlwns fince the Book III. I ChapX ■.A\i t <'.'\\\ 144'- Th,. Dutch imjirr've in Iradi, and a Kavat f-oifi', and War with the t.illc'i- l;i)as. A. D. t4-'t. A$:i Kill'!, Law ,11 a IV. The r.arl r.f Warwick takes t/i,tny Dutch bhip>. French S^;/i dtproyed ly the Dutch. 7*. KIJ'- <'' (>., I'Hhr! Ili'll'tt- thc Emperor Charles V. happening to land, ab'^ut a hundred Years after, paid lb great a Refpedk to his Memory for that valuable Inven- tion, as to go and vifit his Tomb, accompanied with his Sifter, Mary Qiiccn of Hungary, and pray for the Peace of his Soul. In 1441, the T)utch managed fo great a Trade and were lb powerful at Sea for that Age, that they drew upon them the Envy of the Peo- ple of the Trading Towns in the Baltick (called OJierlings or En- fterl'ings in the Annals of thofc Times) who enter'd into a l.ea'ue againft them, and waged War for three Years, but in the End the Hollanders proving too ftrong for them, they diflblvcd their League, ,and the Si:vedes came to a Truce with them for two Years, and the T>a,ies and 'Pruffians to a perpetual Peace. In 1 47 1, the ''Dutch had another Waval War on account of our Edward W, whofe Siller was the Wife of the 'Duke oi Burpnds, then poflefling all the Low-Countries ; which Duke, ei'poufihj^ he Caule of his laid Brother in Law after his Quarrel with the i>reat Earl of IVarwick, that Earl, being fupported by the French King, Icoured the Coafts of Holland with a ftrong Squadron, where ii one Day he took thirty Sail of Dutch Ships, and foon after twori'y more ; whereupon Henry Borp/le, Lord of Veer was fcpi: < .; ;.. gainft him with a Fleet of thirty fix Sail, who roming ;.;p vviti. 'iix' on tht Qo^^ oi Normandy, recovered ten of thofe Shi;:'j*andt.iu,^ means to fet the reft on fire: Soon after which .he £irl ,,; i'/,ir. "■ 'fk quitted the Sea, that lie might profecutc his Qii.<,.r'.i nore vi- gorouHy afliore in England, About the Middle of the following Century :hc .. i}^>?ror Charles Y. (who amongft his many other Domiiic id, wxi-xWi So- vereign of the Low CountriesJ being at War •'ith '> ranee, :i;idthry having Intelligence of ? '^het oi Dutch Merchant Ships coming up the Chanel from the Scu',!r ard !ay in wait tor them ofl," ®(?w, near which Place they engug- 1), whcT'. the Dutch being riuch more skilful in the Marv.^emeu: »jf chfir eat Guns, ulcd tx.^xx bcil Eu- deavours to avoid a ciolc Figh:, yiuwii would deprive them of the Advantage of their Experience ; for which lame Reafbn the whole Aim oi i\-\Q. French was, if polTible, to grapple their Ships tngct'iicr with thole of the 'Dutch, and found means lb to do with fifteen ot them, whereupon tnfued a bloody and obftinatc Fight, which con- tinued for Ibmc time, till i\]q French, grow ii weary of (0 hot Work, let the Sails of one of rheir own Ships on fire, in hopes ir would ■' oblige thcDutch to Ihcer off from the Danger, but the Ships were fb clolely linked together that there was no dilcngagiug them; lb that the Flames fpreading from one Veflcl to another, raged m\\ equal Violence among them all, and put an End to the Diipnte, ia which the Dutch lay their Enemy loft a thoufand Men, and them- selves but three hundred. In few Years after this enfucd thole Troubles in the Low Com- tries which loft the King of Ji^/aiw fevcn of the Seventeen Proviu- ccf. and gave ^'ilc to the llourifliing Republick of the United Pro- viLTs, whole Naval Adlioiis, if very particularly related, wouldof ihemlclvcs h. juirc a juft Volume. As if by a Sort of Fatality it WCl'J were a Fore- rife at, the publick chief a Navil Exp( Duke ot'Jh Cmtries, at the poorer, the Vpper-Ci Dcl'ecnt of th Milcliiels to tlicir March Prince ended jiv, the Conn Duke of /^Ivt kcii Troops, thcr in FrieJ took thcmfeh Prince of Ort, longed to the of the Ef»i>s t happened to n the Enemy's, till at length, bidden by Qi But now havi H'licther to IcI iign, upon I Drcd in all the tanked and cat the Churches, Tjxcs and Tyi ilutcly followei /.liUfiii, and 'out, renouncci Fidelity to the During the l( val Skirmillies 111 my Opinion, ii'.i?«f. That tl:crs cutcr'd in fmiij, who %w, well knc ttould be to his ''"' that City ; vJiitagious Port! j Bridge crofs the I 'lie Bcfiegcd fr(, **;!iich was the ^'JUMry on bot ookHI. I Chap.X. Ruin of the ^om^ Empire, 285 \v;'rc a Foretoken of the maritime Power they Ihould one Djy ar- rive at, the great Blow to the Sfanijh Affairs, to which rhat Rc- pablick chiefly owes its Rile, was ftruck by Sea, and the Eflecits ot a Naval Expedition, For, as Sir IVUliam Temple tells us, upon the Diikc oi Alvai being appointed to the Government of ilic Lo:z'- Oiiiitries, and cxercifing that Charge with great Cruelty, many of the poorer, and more dcfpcratc Ibrt of People fled to the Wooils of the Vpper-Countriest where they lived upon Spoil, and in the firft Dclcciic of the Prince of Orange's Forces from Germany ^ did great Milchiefs to all fcatter'd Parties of the Duke of Alva's Troops in thct March t!nough thofc Parts. But after that Attempt of the I'niicc ended without Succcls, and he was forced back into Germa- »\, the Count of Marcky a violent and implacable Enemy to the Duke of /://f ^, and his Government, with many others of the bro- ken Troops, whom the lame Fortune and Difjsofition had left toge- ther in Friejlandy manned out Ibmc Ships of fmall Force, and be- ii.e coimt of took thcmfdves to Sea, beginning, with Commiflions from the M';I '""M' i'tincc of Orange, to prey upon all they could maftcr which be- irsw."''"" * longed to the Spaniards, fcouring all the Coafts from the Mouth of the Rmbs to the Strcights of "Dover : And if at any time they happened to meet with bad Weather, or too confiderable a Force of the Enemy's, they fheltered themfclves in the Ports of Englantfy till at length, at the Requeft of the Duke of jUva, they were for- bidden by Queen Elizabeth, who was then at Peace with Spain. Bur now having gained confiderable Riches by thcle Adventures, whether to I'cll or to rcfrelh, whether driven by Storm, or led by Rcfign, upon Knowledge of the ill Blood which the new Taxes had bred in all tlic Provinces, they landed in the Ifland of Voornc, af- laultcd and carried the Town of Uriel., pulled down the Images in ilic Churches, profcfTed openly their Religion, declared againft the Taxes and Tyranny of the Sfanijh Government ; and were imme- iliatcly followed by the Revolt of moft of the Towns of Holland, /.(diwd, and IVeJiFrieJland, who threw out the Spanijh Garri- 'ous renounced their Obedience to the King of Spain, and fworc Fidelity to the Prince of Orange. During the long Proftcution of this War there followed many Na- val Skirmiflies between the contending Parties, but none of them, 111 my Opinion, more remarkable than that at the Siege of Antwerp "Hjlir That City having in 1579, with Ghent , Bruges, and o- \ tl;irs cntcf'd into the Union with the Seven Provinces ; the Duke of '/'(»;//i, who commanded in the Low -Countries for the King of %w, well knowing the vaft Importance the Recovery oi Antwerp wtiuld be to his Mall';r's AfTairs, formed, in Attguji 15- 84, the Siege rhc Duke of ot that City; and having poflefTed himfelf of the Forts, and ad- Vm\\\ /jyi vjii!agious Polls in its Neighbourhood, at length refolved to lay a (^'^f' '".^"J^" Mf. crofs the Scheld, two Leagues below the Town, to prevent what' hapftn- 'licBeficgcd from receiving any Succours from Zecland that w^y ^ id thermpon \vkh was the only Avenue they had open. Being Maftcr of the C«try on both fides the River, he railed two ftrong Forts oppo- fite FiJi-lliyfvon: to the Prince of (.)r.ir.i;c. D. K II J !li!:^ I • ; ■ i i:iiM ''ill''! v-\<^ f||JilS 2 ti 6 Naval Tranfacfions fiiicc the Book III. t ii;. I mV' m\\ i^ fire to each other, one callcil St. A/arys on the Flajuicrs, a^j the other St. 7V;.7;/>'s on t\\c Brabant fide, to cover the iiitciulcj Work ; which done, he drove into the River Kirgc Piles of" thirty, forty, fiity, and at length icvcnty Feet long, wliich were well Icai- rcd together with crols Planks, to iiiftain a Bridge of WooJ, (whidi he calk'd a PalifTado) whereon eight Men might march abrcall The River being in this Place four hundred and eighty Paces broad, nnd fo deep that iioTiecs could be found tall enough for carrying r'nc Work tarthcr than cloven hundred Feet into it, viz. nine hundred from the fide of Ih aia::r, and two hundred from that of flajuliis, there was a Space of thirteen hundred Feet left between the twn Works, which was filled up with two and thirty Ships, pljccd at the Diftancc of twenty two Feet from one another; cacli fccurcJ againft the Tide with an Anchor at Head and Stern, and held toec- ther by four Iron Chains, and as many Cables, pafTed from oYc Ship to the other; each VcHcl having two Guns in the Forecalile, and two in the Poop, and thirty Soldiers on board for its Defence: Over all w hich VcfTcls there being Mafls and Planks laid to joitu Floor to the reft of the Work, the Schcld was compleatlv ilnit up Willi a Bridge of near half a Mile long. For the Defence whereof, bcfid.s liii.cty icvcn Pieces of Ord \ncc, which (including the two in each Ship) were dilpoled through the whole length of the Work, ihcrc were pLucd on each fide ihirty three Large Floats, compojjil ol Ships Alatl.-i, Planks, and other Pieces of Timber, laid three in a Row, covering the River beyond the Bread'"h of the Ships on each fide; and m Cich Row o\ '..iciii were railed forty round up- rigliL Pieces oi Tunber, headed with Iron, in the Nature of Spiks, all the Spaces between which were covered wirh empty Hoglhcad?, faftcued to the Floats, the better to keep them above Water; and to maintain them in this order, from euch I loat were thrown cu: two Anchors, held by Cables of a proper Length, that jo rhcy might ri'i. and fall with the Tide. Bcfidcs all which, forty Vefrd>, with Soldiers on board, were dilpc'cd, twenty on each fiiJc of the River, for its fartlicr Security againft an\ Attacks of the Enemy. It was above fcven Months before the whole Work was coraplia'cd; and ti" the m'ddic Space of it was filled up with the Ships, VdTils frequently pafTcd to and froxn Antiz.-erp, not\\\thftanding the coa tiiiual Fire made from the Forts on each fide The Bcfieged, and their Confederate^, the States of the L'nircd Provinces, well kno\^i!ig that if this C<'mmunication to the City could not be again opened, it would be inevitably loll, norhi^^ «a^ left unattemptcd for compalfing that End. The Fleet of XllLM under the Command oi'jnjip/ of A'nallcr Vclfels, a^ being dcflgncd more to amulc and conliiund the Enemy, than to do any great Execution, lb that moll of thcin ftuck on the Floats at a dirtancc from the Bridge, or ran alliore upon the Banks: Nor dij the Hulks, now deftiture of Pilots, keep the Courle as was deft;;!!. cd, one of which Ipringing a I.eakc, lunk in the midll of the Ri- ver, the Iccont! and thud vvcr ■ forced by the Wind npdii the /7,;«- i/prj Short, and no better Succcis lecnKl to alien. I the Ibiitli, which fell foul of the Floats. Upon this the Enemy recovering their Sur- prize, began to deride lb friiirlels a Projcdl as they luppolcd thi? would prove ; but that lad Hulk, which was rhe largcfl: and llrongcll of them all, forcing its way, at length, through the Floats, and bear- ing dircdlly upon the Bridge, their Fears began to revive, and im- mediately all Hands were let to work, lomc to fend it ort'froiiuhc Bridge with Poles and Staves others to pull down the Pile of Wood, and endeavour to extinguilh the Fire, the Duke of 'Parma himldt' appearing on the Bridge where the Ships joined to the PalilTado, to encourage the Men with his Prclcncc ; from whence however bciii;^ at length prevailed upon to withdraw to Fort St. Mary's at the loot of the Bridge, he was Icarcely arrived ?.hcre, when, the lighted Malih having now burnt to the Powder, the Hulk blew up with liich a dreadful Violence, that it Iccmcd as if Heaven and Eartli were coming together, and ihi'Wnild was lliakcn to itsCcnirc: Anda- inidd ihi' lioiiid Bla/.c there llcw liich Teinpcfls of Srnncs, Cli:iins M j!X' '"'d Camion (hot, which caulcd lb val\ a Dcllrudtion as can oiil) be believed becaulc it happened, (ireat part o{ the Bridge next Fort St. Man'fiy and fix of [\\v Ships, with the Soldiers, .Scuii.n, Pieces ot'CilUUoil, Planks, (luns, and various kinds of Anns «^''f ail torn up together with one fatal Blad, ami tols'il about likelhall before the Wind ; the lame impetuous Violence tbrcing the Rivet from its Chanel, and Ipreadiiig it upon the adjacent Fields, where the Soldiers waded to their Knees, and rhe very Forts were filled a Foot deep. The Earth Ihook for nine Miles about, and many of the largeft Stones, which were found a thouland Paces Iroin rlie Ri- ver, ftuck a Foot deep in the Ground. The Duke ot'Tarrm and IcvcrJi .1 .lita^lfnt lil,)fl .It thf h itiikt of r.u nu'i Inline. !:!!i^ ■ Chap.X. KuinoftheXKom.Kwpirc. 289 I vcwl officers about him in hort Sr, Mar)i's, were bcarcn to the hjrtlnvith the violent Motion of tlie Air, ami (bnic of them hurt vviih the Fall of I'icccs of Timber. Healli appcarcil in variety of Shapes, and no ids than ei^ht hnndrcci Men, with many Officers, ivcrc OaIm "iiif'gbt, biTiiics i^rcat Numbers which were luirr and dial allcrwards olihcir Wounds, and many more were iLllroycil by the hlowinj; up of one of tlic other Hulks upon the /•'/, .{/irs Shore, where the I bird that was near it (taking in lb much Water as da- mwcd rhc Powder) rcm:iiiud without clfedt. The D.irknels of the Nii;ht added to the Horror of this dreadful Blow, wiiiili llruck a moll terrible and univerlal Am.v/.cmcnt a- nmniill the Ikfici^crs; notwitidlanding all which, the Duke of 7-*rfr- ;//,;, ;is loon as ho was recovered I'rom Ins firll Surprize, uliil inch cxtMorilinai y Diligence to lill up the Breach made in the Bridge, niriiy with other Ships and partly by ili;^hrly laying togcthcra- iMiii many of the Planks and Timbers which floated upon the Wa- icr, that before Day the Moor was entire, whereon he dilpolcd a lindv of Troops, with Colours Hying, Diiuns beating, and, Trum- |rcrs|i)iiiiding, to make an Appearance of Oppofition, ami difguilc a< much as polliblc the Dtllrudtion : Which Artifice liicceeded lb ucli, thnt rhc Zcclaiul licet made no Attempt to come up the Kivcr, tlioiigh they might without dilliculty iiave broken through the llii^ht haliy Work, and, by relieving y/«/"K;f^/, have forced the Duke of ■y-'rf/wrf to railc the Siege. This they negleding to do, he 111 iilhort time fully repaired his Bridge, defeated another Attempt"^/" Duh or ni^aiiid it, and prolccuting the Siege with extraordinary Vigour, in [.';\'j"^, If/^ fciv Months after made himlcif Mailer of the City, to the great Ad- ulrk/, ar.t viiiccmcnc of the King of Spain's, Affairs in the Lozp-iJountries. '"'" ^"^" This ijrcat Captain's Condudl before y////'x«:'(7/', as well in building ^"'''" the Hiiiliic, as in his dextrous repairing of it when ruined, the in- i;cni(iis Hillorian, Fami/in Strnda^ has thought realbnable to com- jMrc Willi that i.ii Ak'xnndir the (heat at the Siege of 7j;r, where h. rii!c(i a like lUipcndoiis Work, as we have in its proper Place ikkiibjii : Nor, in my Opinion, is llie Comparilbn unjull ; but wc mull at the lame time let tlic Antivcrpiatis have the Honour of comjilcuiiig the I'arallel, by acknowleding the Bravery of their Dc- teiice to be equal to that of the Citizens of ZVn'. 1 he Zccliutders w c before mentioned to have come up the Scbcld With their Fleet, nnding nothing larthcr to be done towards the Re licfof ////rccc'/", returned to Altddlcburg; but had not long alter i»(YlHMUiniiy tif revenging rhemli Ives by the Share they had with IN 111 the Dcllrndlion '' Dufrit Jcr the Comni.iiul of the Vice Admiral oi /.eland, who,!)) the ;;[•;( j^'j'^J^,^," j;Jji of Sir RoiH'rt Maiijel^ tlien cruifing theieahoiits with rwo ..•■„r'„«"/l 01 the Qmccu's Ships delh\)yc(l ill o\ them l>iit one, which uith '^'im'li '■/'«/'«. ,.icjt ililliculcy elcaped to '•Diiiiku k. The lame \c\x a Fkct of ihir- r\ii Ships were Icnr to the /■'.ajl- Indies uiulcr the (^oniinaiul of the Sum ll'i^fH'" '-, fiom w hen. c about the lame time anorher Squa- ilidii rcruned under the Siettr //efman/en, after three Year's Voyage, uhcrciu bek're /?(/'//^/w, in the ](\c ot Java, they had taken, liiiik, ''I'm hdc or othtruilc dellioyed a 'Pnrtv-acje Klett coiifilUiii; ot eight Gal- ',,'^,','Jj|^y',',^/ /eons •iiiJ twenty two (iallies, under Admiral Meudoza., whom they s/j/'j Zt ihe liirccd to retire io /Imljoina., aiul eiirnely expelling the 'Port n^ueje '/''"'•' J* v*, t'rom Bantaniy Icrtled A'Dntch I'adtory there in their room. \ut long after this the States made rhcmielves Maftcrs of the iin Hutdi Town of i'///v.r in l' landers, and in the Port of that I'Lce rook ten '''*'' ■'''"y'''. Gallics with Ibnrtecn luindreii Men on boanl : And in I'.ajt India ',,.« I'diw'"* ik'Dntch oiired the 'Port/ti^nejt' from rhe Illc oi ylifiljoina, vshich ''.i^io /,<,», they had pollllled ever fiiicc the Year 15*4^* ; where continuing liic- •^"''''''"•'• ccbfiil ill all rhcir Attempt, ami in their Ncgoti.irions with the l*rin- i:'i ill thole I'arcs, they polTclTcd themlelves ot'Tidore, and moll of the rcll of the Molneca'^, and in a manner wholly engroffed the '''« "hicIm/- Spicc Trade. The ■Portitj^ne/e Ihirering moll lenfibly iii thcic Ex- '",i!!,.^f!'f!^ pcJitions, bclbught the Kwyj.o^ Spain ro make Peace with ihc 'Duuij; vu" 'raJt. and Sfiiiola, his General in flinders, advifing the lame thing, De- puties were accordingly dilj^atched to the ILi'^ue, but without Suc- ccis. Alter this they lent their Admiral llemskitk with a Fleet a- ■^aiiift S[iain, who having Adviee rhc Spanifh Fleet was in the H^x- \>{)\.\n)^ Gibraltar, tho' they were very llrong, and had a numer- oib Artillery, with lome Regiments of their bcft Land Forces on rvspmianls hoard, he bravely attacked them, and obtained a compleat Vido- "'i'"''''"" ^> ry, but was himlclf ilain in the Battel : Not long after which the (/ilrdur', "' ^ihtch amc to a Truce with Spain for twelve Years, the Articles -'"'i whereof were flgned the ninth of April i6oi). nL-hc'/"' The threat SuccefTes of the iJntch in India had now made their A, D. 1609. Name lb famous in all Parts, that one EmbafTy came to them from rhi \^md\ '/(//w/ with Invitations of Friendlhip and murual Commerce, and ^ '"^"^ 'v /»- another from the Emperor of Morocco, with the like Offers of Li- '"i" ''""«'• hcrty of Trade in that Country : And loon alter they received Ain- iiadadois Irom the Grand Signior, and King oi'PerJia, with Piopo- lals of Freedom of Commerce alio through their relpcdtive Domi- nions. About this time one Hndjon, an En^lijhman, was IcMit out h)\\\i''Butch Eajl- India Company, to find a way to India by rhc North-Well, but being ftop'd by Ice in one Route, he (leered an- other Couric, and dilcovered thole Streights, and that Bay fmce Hudfon'-r^y called by ; tit! Dj'cll. 1639. ny take the iirci'^'it. of M.ll,KCl. Advancement of their Affairs in thole Parts. The I^ookIII. I Chap X. Rr/hfofthcRom.Enipin. 293 ih! the vail AJvjii. '':d their Com- id any Rij>h: t,. States firc'id on: thole PcopI: re. d» and at length btc Treaty , oa Trcatilc M- Ma- againft the 'Por- wholly free and oduccd our Icain itly rciuccd tint upon them. In :r the Sicur Cir- tnd (part of the a; while, in^^- the IflcofC*. cring the Coifts, ame Year 'Teter and, as we have 'landi the States niiral, aud pre- el. the Emperor of and Men , they cy were lb luc- to their Obedi- grcat Fleet of f?' the Coramu- ly defeated by near five thou- landed it, clap- ngagement be- jiu'iido^ and the x-v/j, which we heir Itidia Com- 'rt, to the great The ■\y,cfortugni'fi throwinj; olf the Spaiiilh Yoik in 164;, tl;c fDiiuh made an Alliance with ihcjn, on condirion c.ic!i iloulJ re- tain their prclent PolTcdions ; but the 'Portii^uejc, upon ionic old Pictcnccs, in i^)-i.S'i diipofjcllcii chcm oi Brajil. In 1640 was con- if-.^ Awk^ the ticncral I'oacc oi Mini Iter ^ wherein the Kin,: of Spam ';-' •"- '^•:'' owned the 7.)«/i7J as a Free and Sovereign People, and renounced Dui^i-, ,.y iju- for hiinlclfi and his Sncceirors, all Pretences to Dominion over ' '• thcin: Which lame Year they gained Ibnic Advantages in Ihtifil; but the Admiral who commanded there being obliged to rcrmn to £)()Ojc, for want of Soldiers and Ammunition, all was loft again, which ill 'noft ruined \.\\c\x IP'ejl-lndiaQo\vc<^\\\y^ but proved of great Bcnctii" to them in the Eafi-Indics^ where, a War cnliiing, which f' ' f'J,"-'" hlWt'.ll \(i(n, they took from the 'Portugtiofc aimoft all the Places ".jr/^.L'/.,.,,,';.' tlic\'were polfclRd of in thole Parts. ''^' '"'V -^^^ In I'),-! the new Rcpublick oi' England., tho' keeping up the F'orms "' ''" '' liuiici \. 1). I'le n.iii t.- t '.(en hii;;- l.iiiO J I,,! I In Diiuh. ofFeiCC, could not help betraying Ibme Signs of Rclcntmcnt, and tbat^hcy only waited the Conclufion of the War in Scotland to lee them feel the Effeds of them. Their principal Allegations againft xk'diitch were, their tbrcmcntion'd Cruelties cxcrciied on the/t//(j- lijhmAmboina in the Year i6ii; their neglecting to punilh the I'crl'ons concerned in the Alfadination of Dr. T>or!jlaus, their late Minidcr at the Hague ; the Corrclpondencc the Dutch AmbafTa- dors in England had held with the King againft the Parliament ; and liftiv, the great LofTcs and Injuries they had caufed to the Subjcds ot'£\^/««i fince the Year 1618, throughout the Eajl- Indies, and \^Mufcovy and Greenland, the Reparation demanded for all which araouMted to an immcnlc Sum of Money. The "Dutch difpatched an extraordinary Embalfy into England, to endeavour to avert the Storm, but at the lame time fitted out a Fleet of a hundred and fif- ty Sail. To take away all Umbrage on which account, their Am- balTidors proteftcd that Arniament was made with no other View than to Iccure the Peace between the two Nations, by protedling flieirTiade, and keeping them Irom the Ncccllity of making Rc- pnlah: For, indeed, ihc Engl/Jh had ibme Months before taken all \k •Dutch Ships they could meet with, the Number of which flay the 'Z)//rr/; Writers) amounted to near two hundred. The Parlia- ment could not be perliudcd but thcle Prcp.irarions were dcfigncd ttith hoilile Views againft them, fmcc the States had no Enemy at Sea, and therefore rclblvetl to humble a Power which leemed ready fo liilpurc with them our ancient and rightful Sovereignty of the Sea?, and immediately gave Orders for fitting out a powerful Fleet, ;/«/j .„/.., and the next Year the War began between them; the principal "'""■:'' '-"'' Cucumftances whereof; (as well as of the liiblcquent l^utch Wars) ,;'",,/f.'^',' / IfinJ already lb I'uccinrtly put together by a late Writer, from the " 1051. Mn Htjhriquey and 'De la Neuville's Hiftory of Holland, that I "bII ict moft of them down from thence, only premifing that they OT related chiefly according to the Accounts the 'Dutch thcmlelvcs have given of them. This Year i65'i, the l^titch Admiral Van Tromp put to Sea with fnc Fleet to convoy home Ibme Merchant Ships, but had Orders to avoid A. IT l£ci lU'i ^vS;; !.| !A Leinieii tin tiiLilll) niul The EnsliOi halt the J /"• ii,it,t/it,rt ill arc tiftcr- U'lirls Jnc- cefifiil. The nutfh and I;.iK',iilli aticniauly ieaten. A. D. 1653. Crom-ji-cll^ who dilTolvcd the Parhaincnc. That \\ar a bloody AUoortyFrj.t Battcl was foupjic bccwixt l^afi Jromp and the Englijh Admirals betivi:cn v.in f7)^^„ g^j^ Mniik, w hcrciii the 'Dutch w ere worftcd, which occa Uean d»(< Monk. fioncd Tiinuihs in Holland: And the lame Year in y^ugujt, there was another bloody Eiigapemcnr, wherein the 'Dutch were again Van Troirp dcfcarcd, and / >?// '/;7?w/ iflain in thc Adtion ; who was buried with ^''"''' great Stare in Holland^ and had a liimptuous Monument ereded to his Houour at the pubhck Charge. This Vidtury was fo great on the Side of the Ei/glijh^ that the "Dutch were glad next Year to rtcDiitdi accept of Peace, whereby they engaged to the Protedtor entirely to WJ.U? i'Mff abandon the Intcrcfts of King Charles II, then in Exile, and to Z',',1' lj!l7io niakc a Declaration thereof in Form to the Kings of Sweden and /ink^ "to the 'Di'utnark^ obliging thcmlclves not to receive into their Dominions, I'.nsiali, cc. Q^ gjy^ Protedlion to any of the Enemies of the Commonwealth of England. They alfb renounced all Pretenfions to Equality with the Engltjh at Sea, and agreed that all Ships of the United Provin- ces, as well thole of War as Merchant Ships, mcctmg with any Sbipi J of I 294 N{ivdlTra7ifdcUo7is Jhice the Book III. I Chap^ avoid cngagiiu', with the Englijb, if pofliblc, and to pay the uliul Rel|3cdt to ilicir Flag, if he chanced to meet thcni in the Narrow Seas. He was forced by a Teinpcft upon the Englijh Qo!i[\ but quit. ted it again as loon as polliblr, and made towards Calais; but be- ing informed that the En'^lijh were pnrliiing lomc Merchant Ships he advanced to their Relief, and met Blake with the Eu'^lijhfkat who had Orders (che 'Z)///c/; lay) to attack them. 7/ow/' prepared to give the ufual Honours to the Eiigli/h Flag, and ordered one of his Captains to go on board with a Complement to the EiiMh Admiral; but Hlake haviu;; no Regard to thcic Marks of Submif- fion, fired t\\ ice at T/owp's Ship, who made no Return till he re- ceived a third Shot, and then the Fight began, which lalkdtill Ni<'ht parted thcin; and both Admirals lent an Account of the Aftioii to their PriiicipaN, each excufing himlcif from being the AggrtlTor. The 'Dutch Ambaffadors, (who continued rtill in England^) had Audience, upon this Occafion, of the Parliament, to whom they made a Speech, and did what they could to renew a good Under- ftanding between Eiiglaud and Holland, but in vain. They lent another AmhafTador, who made Application to the I'arliamcnt and Council of State, but without Succels; lb that they all returned home, and an Engagement happened betwixt ^De Ruytet\ and the Englijh Admiral y//lcYy//!j/;, who had the worft. 1 he E ngliJI) \\ii alio the Diladvantage in an Engagement near Leghorn., betwixt Com- m adore Badilcy and the iJntch Commander Van Galen ; but the 'Dutch were worded in the Fight betwixt Calais and Dover mh. 'De Ruytcr and iJe ITit, the Englijh Fleet under Blake being much lupcrior in Force. Another Engagement happened between Tramp and Blake, wherein the Engltjh were obliged to retire in- to the River 'Thames : But afterwards in another Fight betwixt the lame Admirals, which lafted three Days, the 'Dutch were worlled; and Van (Jalen obtained an Advantage over the Englijh in the Strcighrs, but loft his Life in it. The Eni^lijh in i()^i inclined to a Peace, but were prevented by BookIII. I ChapX- Ruin of theKom. Empire. p.iy the u!uj| ill the Narrow Conll, but quit. 'Jala'ts ; but be. VIcrchant Ships, ic Eir^lijh Fleer, Tromp prepared ordered one of ro the Englijh larks of Submii^ cturn till he rc- 1 lartcd till Night )f" the Adtion to he Aggrtnor. I England,) had ro whom they ' a good Undcr- aiii. They lent Parliament and ticy all returned Riiyter, and the 1 he £«^////; had '/, betwixt Com- Galcii ; but the nd leaver under dcr Blake being ppcned between »cd to retire in- ight betwixt the h were worfted; Evglijh in the re prevented by ' -ar a bloody ngl'tjh Admirals :d, which occa n ^uguji, there iitch were again was buried with ument ereded to was {6 great on ad next Year to cdtor entirely to 11 Exile, and to of Sweden aod their DominiooS) Commonwealth to Equality with : United Provin- with any Ships* of 2S>5 pfVirofthc Commonwealth oi EngUndt withiiuhe UtaipSenSi llioiild ftrike their Flags, if they bore any, and lo^' his Fleer. The next Year Differences happened between the French inui /» r/M.e and :he Dutch, on account of Ibme French Privateers which took ^''■'"^• [heir Ships, and dillurbcd their Commerce, of which the Dutch ha- ving long complaiu'd in vain, they took the Privateers, whereupon their Ships were feizcd in France, and the Dutch made Reprilais ; but Monfeur de Thou being fent into Holland by the Court of f;v2orf, made up the Difference, and the Ships wete releafed on both Sides. In i6y8 the States concmed themfelvcs in the War betwixt the a. d. 1658. Timi and Swedes, and deliver'd the King oi Denmark, who was much ftreightcn'd in Copenhagen, Admiral Obdam, by the Defeat of t/« Dutch the Svied'tfl) Fleet, relieving that Capital, and entring it in a tri- *'"' ''" '^"'*: umphant manner. And the following Year de Ruyter, failing to rtinvl'thT the Mtkk^ and joining the "Danes, again defeated the Swedes at ^">z <>f Den thcBjttel oi Nyborg: Soon after which a Peace was concluded in "^ " tfie North by the Mediation of Eng'and and France. In the mean time the Dutch were very fucceisful in India agatnfl the Tortu- ilief(y but bv their Ncolioei^ce oavc the Chine fh an Onnortiinirv rn T^'"' Chinefe Icizc Company. mark. , but by their Negligence gave the Chinefe an Opportunity to '^'" the Ifle of Formofa, to the great Lofs of their Eafi-lndia '}), th Kormola ram tht Uutch. lu 166+ an Engliflj Squadron, under Commadore Holmes, unex- a. d. 1664. pededly lurprized feveral of the "Dutch Forts on the Coaffs ofGui- na; but De Ruyter loon after retook them. They did all they could nevcrthelels to avoid a War with England, but in vain^ lo that they came to an open Rupture the next Year, the Duke of Turk and his prevailing Fai^ion at Court refufmg all the advancagt- a Kupturt he- rn OlFers made by them j whereupon they fent a Fleet to Sea ud- [,'^""„^"4d- dcr Admiral 0^tf Ruyter himicif ".quired as much Glory by his Gallantry 111 the Fight, and brave Retreat, as if he had obtained the Vidlory : And, befides the Honours he received from the States, the /'> f wf /; Kiiii;, who was then their Ally, lent him the Collar of the Order of St Michael, with a Gold Chain, and his Majcfty's Fidiirc let with Diamonds. Soon after rhis Engagement the States lent a Si]uadron to join thirty fix French Ships in the Mediterranean, in order to deftroy our Commerce there: And now a Treaty was let on foot by the Mediation of the Queen-Mother of England, which having no EfTcd;, the French and Dutch made a Junction of their Fleets ne^r 'Dunkirk, before whom our Fleet retired, with the Lois of oncShip of 5'o Guns. Not long after this, twenty Men of War under Com- madore Holmes made a Delcent on the ""Dutch Coaft near the 'Vlit and thcTexcl, where he burnt two Frigates, inils'd narrowly of dc- ftjoying their Rujff/'a Fleet, and committed Ibmc other Holliliiics to countenance a Rebellion agaiuft the States railed by one Hcmshrk, Ztcuf""'" w'^® revolted with Ibme of their Ships under his Command, burnt A. D. 1667. about a hundred of their Merchant Men, and Ibme Ships of War CD the Stocks, but being puriiicd by i'Dutch Squadron, he was killed m the Thf F.nglifli rtlirt from tht {''rcncli and Duidl fUilt, Commadere Holmes doii Boodn I t^HAP.X. Rit'iti of thc^om. Empire. 297 tlw F,iii;r4cincnr, icvcul ol'his Sliips taken, ami the Men on boarti r)r!i cxociiteil in Holland, while the rell injilc their F.lcapc to Ill ift6- the '■T)utib muio Tiopolals of Pcaee whieh wore trcateil \ n i ,o-. p\i\lhr/l.i : line while ilie f'.n^lilh piotradled tlie Negotiation, 'A- AVv/i' piir to Sea, aiul anelioim^ in the Thaincs Moufh, lent Icven- taiintiiis hghrcll Ships, with tonr IJarks, and lour Inelhips up to Skniti'fs, where they rook ihel'ort, demolilhed the Fortihcaiions, iiiJIiiiiiit or carried oil the Nival Stores laid up there. After this !''' '^"vui ilicy went lip the MrJic'iiy to dhdlhtifn, where they nicf with lit- ,"(",' [,'"„, lit KcdliaiKe, except Iroin a tew Scots \Ten under Captain '/Jotv- i.iii;iiili shifi I'll!, who was hiiriit on hoaiti one of the Ships of War as he brave- \\l.\[^^""^ |\ ikl.'iuiaiiier ; Ami before their Kcirtal they burnt fix of our IjrijJl Slii|)s, and took ilie Royal (Sharli's^ with a Krii;ate of forty luiiMiiiiis; which li.illen'd the Coiieiiifion of the Peace to the Ad- \,iii;,i4.'()rtlie 7)«/rA; w liopuleiiicit theirCoinniaiuiers VJf Ru^trr., '!),■ H'li, M\A I'nn (ihcnr, wiiiiaCiold Cup each, on which was ayrivcii the Aillion oi dlui'hjm to perpetuate tn their lamiliesche MiiiiDry of this rjiterpn/.e. 1,'is Dillioiioiir to /'.//(;/-/»// is chiefly to be alhibed to the under- i'>:iii.n ■■/ lijiiilikv.li!ii; ofrlie hVcnch-, who ineitct,' ihc "Dnfcl> to ir durini» ''• '"'"'' iIk licity, as bcin.; rheir liuerell to foment Divifions betwixt the t«() I'rorcllair niaiitiiuc Powers, in order to deftroy them both. H)ttcva it (Iki not interrupt the Negotiations at /j/vyA/, where a "■''/• IV,KC w.is concluded beaveen the A;/(j///A and 7J«/ciicb King's Mcaliircs .11 mat tunc, bin fo highly provoked hiin, that he foiiml means to hi'.ik the I lid Alliaiue, .iiul to engage A'//(fA///r/ with him in a War i ".'vin'l .i«./ ij\\\\ll ll,r:i{. 'I'his rl)c ''Dnrch liled all Kiideavours to prevent, \'^Z,y\i"\ hill iin. nil ; lor the l'')r'ith King, by rhe Interview at "Dover be- i.uui. tiu\r King (,y;rt;/(\r II, and his Siller the Duchels of (hlt'aiis, had lir:niy rive'ed thir Prince in his Intcreft: So that tho' he eiulea- \;nia.l to|KrIiiadc ^hc^Ditch, by his Ainballador Sir (.u'(»\<^c "Do.vn- i:ij>, that he would fiithfiilly .uihere lo the Tuple Alliance, he at the Liiiic 'i.iic prepared his lleer lo attack them by Sea, and lent Korces into FiiiiKc, iiiidor the Ouidudt of tiie Duke of Moinnonthy ami I'l'Mi iiluT, wii hour any Declaration of War, ordereil Commailore \',-^^, I'lwa toarraik their Smyrna Meet in tluir Return home, «)(!" of '^"' '< •'|'"A' tliclilc of //'/\'/;^ ; which he tlid, and took li)ine of them alter two ''"'' ' l)i\s lii^lii, wherein the ^Diitcb made a brave Deleuce. Soon after ui.uii the King caulid four of their I'lajt India Ships to be lei/.ed iinlicM Return from liafavia, and all their other VelFels in his Hjmouis; AiuI in ///>;// following publilhcd his Declaration of War "■; ii"'.iiil« 3:;iiMlhiiem, grounded on their Inhadhons of the Treaty of /^;ciiKe of our Commerce in tUc Indies, the Injuries ilone f)u!iii. to our Colony at Surinam^ and there aflrouting the King's I'erloa I)) intamoiis Medals and Pidhires, and burning his Kfligies in 'At//)/, IS they iud indeed done in the moll inlblent uunner. (^ q Tha ill' ii 1 2^8 N^ival Tnuifatlions fwcc the Book 111. I m '\ I iiu !MP«'i Ticnip li;hti tht I'.lig.llli ,intl I'rciKli. Anvihir I w- MayiS i6n. The ciifuiii:; Summer 7)e Riiyti'r attacked rhc Etif^lilh and Frendi ]!nJckVih! Fleets ill Soiit /rMoiJ iUy uiuler the Coinimiul of tho Duke oiJork, \.ng\\ihanJ ami as tlu- Battel was fierce, and maintain'd with great Bravery oii Imiihwi'L bothSiiics, lb was it almoft with ctjiul Advautaj'e ; tho' each attii- Bay.' ^ butcd the Vidory to tlicmlelvcs, and made pubTick Rtjduings ac- cordingly. The Lois ot IMca was computed to be near the lime but the Engltjhy bcfidcs their Vice Admiral the Earl of Saiid-^kh, lofl four Snips and the French two, whereas the 'Dutch loft but three. The next Year the 'Dutch under Van Trotnp had anorhcr En- gagement with the Ene^lijhy commanded by Prince/?///',;/, near Dengintfs, in whii-h hoch pretended to the Vi<5lory ; hut the two latter lofiiignioll Ships tlic 'Dw^fAinade Rcjoycings in Holland, and ordered a D.iy of Thanklj^iving for their Advantage. In ^w/y after there was anntiicr b'0')dy Engagement betwixt the Fleets while the En^lifl) prcp.ired tor a new IXicent upon Holland^ bur aiier a (harp Engagement they both retired, without claiming Vidory, and the Delcent miicarricd. And now the Parliament and People of £w- laud growing w cary of the War with the 'Dutchy and uncaly at the Progtcis of the French in the Netherlands^ King Charles was put i'.i!!;Tind w U"der a N'eccdity cf coming to a Peace, than which the Dntcb nJiLiud. at the lame time dc firing nothing more, it was accordingly conclu- ded in February 1674 The next Year the Sratcs, upon Hopes of a Revolt on the Coafts oi Norman dvy let out a Fleet undct De Rtiyter and Vm Trmf\ but their Dcfi^n was dilcoveied, and that, as Ibrae liippolcd, by the King of Great Britain, for which the Chevalier de Jinan was be headed, and lome others executed ii, France; but Tromp returning from the Coafts ot France, defeated the Swedijh Fleet, and forced them to retire into th(.ir own Harbours, which was done in purfu- ance of the Lea^^ue tho S'arcs had made with Ibmc Princes cfihc Empire againit the Swedes, who had in\ad.d the Elector of Brnn- denbiirg\ Dominions. In 1676 the Treaty of Nim gnen was let on foot for a Peace between the French ^nd T)t>tch, and the other Par- tics then at War, by the Mediation o King Charles, but then without cflcdt; which lame Year ©i' /?//>'/^r being lent to Sea againfthis Will, becaule he judged their Fleet was not of fufficient Strength, he had two Engagements on the Coaft of Sicily with the Fnnclu hentii, and and loft his Lifo by a Wound. ii Jlain. 1679. Dutih maki Pface with :he Algf rines AD. j68i. I^'IA- ifi75. Tronip .It- feais ihc >WC- uidi fleet. A. D. ii<7rt Trtaiy at N niecuin without Shc cej). De Riiyter Ji^kti the In 1679, the States came to a Peace with the //i^^r/«(?j, who had for Ibme time molcftcd their Trade in the Mediterranean; bu"" they were forced, as a Preliminary to their Treaty, to m.ikc the Barbi- rianr a Prclent of eight Pieces of Brafs Ordnance, with a confide- rable Quantity of Powder and Ball. In 1681, the Dutih Eafi-lnh Company reduced their Triburo-y the King of Ternate, in the Ea^ Indies, for. taking Part with the King of Bantam, whom they brought to their own Terms. »'5''S' King Charles II. dying in 1685', was fnccccdcd by his Brother Kmi Charles ^j^^ ,^^^ ^^^^ James, who (lays th^ Hiftory of Holland) tho' he had the grcareft Realon to be latisfitd with the States Gciicial, y" from the Moment he afcended the Throne, he betrayed Sii^ns ot hjii ^ D:ia!"- Book HI. 'ilh and Frc»clt Diikc of Turk, Mt Bravery on tho' cjch attii- R«-'ji>u iiigs ac- near the' lime, 'l^utch loft but lad JiiorhcrEn- : Riip.yf^ near ; Ixit the two 11 Holland, and In July after c Fleets while buraucrafliarp (itory, and the ^co[)le of Eii^. d uncaly at the Charles was put ich the Dutcb riiiiigly condu- r on the Coafts J Van Ttomf>; ppolcc!, by the ? Rnatt was be 'romp rcD;riiiiig ;ct, and t'orccii done in purfu- Princes ot' ihc e(Sor of Bran- ncH was let on the other Par- It then without Scd againft his cient Strength, ch the French^ hies, who had lean ; bir they kc the Bark- k'irh a confide- tcb Eaft-Mm ^e, in the E4 I, whom they liy his Brother Hand) the' he ;s General, yet ed Si'^ns of his ' D:!a(^ 'iff m t'it' ,i«ii; ** J*. I , Af • \i c »; k«vi •• ^ ^A ' tni h A ,1 >1 . ; * /»././ i,;.' ,PQ ly C*iltin»tt»t \%a SttJtmala I A ttunc U Ckart ^ tht n L AL TI C K or 1 JEa^t *yi;A. GtrXT 0/ FjIfL^ND Si c. 3y H»rm*n Mcli CtajrAplur. ^ J J :n^ X A :2V X) 4. "--^^ ' f^jfliff /bu..ii.i y zy^i ^/^.wls/» fr,„j^^i ) i I V O N I |rf7 3un*tn unAtr jfort y 3^ JiXMOClTXA. T ' "V, \» V Cur »J^**ff Xonin ffibarr Part O 1* %' P o I. A jsr i> > if !i, ¥■1 " ii r tt%- t T M C'iiap. ^ DiiiiitClioii I'nwts l»y Wat will" •' ii'cnl III-''" ()|i|iiirriiiii(i( 'I kill; 4iid Imiic iliiriy Si|iiiilinii <' iDfiuh M. U t W .1'' I'fi.'li'' SiKill iiu lla Idiillltll liiHijiKiii (r< r;/v///('' I" I jiul I.iIktIil's iicul, ulio C kiiii; with a luviiliirioti ii nini\| il|u)ii 7'fjiiladioiis (il (iiir own juoiiiitcti loi flicrclorc wc \.n.il \V.us () I ( _ )y ilic Mm, iiiit alio kral Iroin tli( llujicd as a I'l iuvi);jtC() witli Siilc-, likcllio III, as Occafid (licr. H'olfj^a iitc of Icvcral li^r ol I hem 1( iiiJiiy were ill ilut Icvcral Ml III) I lie RluHt' i iiul ntlicr I'art iIkiii) who nii till' N.iinc of "ul^c a I' iLjurc I ^'„ ^P. XI Ruiti of the Rom. Evipirc. 2y5> |)iuiictJi'»i> •'» ihcin, of M'litcli the next Yc^r he give iiunilcll I'loots '>y i'»""C"'>'>^:i"fi *l'c /U^i'riHis, who were now a^aiii at ^"" hmn Wat «iiln lit '/->«'iiafl the '"• '' "• 7to/■«/// iiioi\) u|i()ii the Throne: Since which time the principal Naval f rjiilitUioiis (if the ''Dutch having been in Conjuiidtion with cholc (,l()iiro\vii Nation, in the two laft Wars with France^ they will be juoiiiitd lor in the fourth and fifth IJcoks of this Hillory ; and ilicrclorc wc proceed, according to our propoled Method, to the \aval Wars of the S-jucdcs. til lilt I J im. JH i-iipi C II A I'. XI. Of iho Ncnml I Tan of the Swedes. ^"^/KUTVS ii\ his Account of CiVrw/f»y. li'cakingofthe j'tt'tv/cj', J_ by the Name of Siiiotiis, lays they were potent not otily in Mm, Imt alio in Shippings and that the I orm of their VelTels dif Icral Iroiii thole of the RoMaiis, in that each End of them was llujial as a Prow, to avoid the Incnnvcinence of turning, and were iijvi);atc(l without Sails; nor were the Oars placed in Order in their Sides, like thole of the Rotnatis, but 16 as that they mi^ht be chang- ^ III, asOccafion Ihould Icrve, from one Part of c 'C VefTel to ano- '' tlirr irolfjran^ Laztusy a good Colledlor of Antiquities, takes i*o- iiic (it Icveral Migrations of theie People, and tells us that a Num- kr (il tlicm Icrved in the Wars under yttixandir the Great, that iiuiiy were in the 'I'ta'torian Guards to the Roman Kmpcrors, and iliit livcral Modics of them Icttled on the Rivers lyvilli't awA Elb(\ "11 ilic Rhnu' and the ''Danube^ aiitl in Hobvmui^ lluiii^aryt Siiabia^ Jiulntlicr Parrs o[' Cut many. Bur theic Sivcdcs (if we may lb call tkiii) who made liich diftant Kxcurfions, are better known under iIk Name of Goths, of whole Naval Alfairs, when they came to iiukca I lyurc in the World, wc have already giveu aii Account- ed ij i III l>t .ttlllUll 'II III i't ill Wf.llll, I #, /l. ii.«i li ', ;|' 3^ i^K^ m I:* 300 Naval Tranfatl'ions fincc the Book 111, I Cha? The n»nes /iM,/ Swedes .iirtrnjlfly juhniti 10 each oihtr. I ad J ciimmili I'lmiiti. A.M. iS?- ji fierce IVar beixi'een the Kint,< ii/SwC- (Icn .>•;.•' i Jcii- :ii,uk. 7/jif Swcilcs ovtnovtr the l;.llillli l/rr/. /■ii//r/i //>, lor which they were Icven Years making Preparations of Ships, Arms, and Auxiliaries on either fide. The i>ane was aflilkd by the ^m- da/sj yfni^lfSy Fri/bns, and Saxons; as was the Sv'ede by the Norwegiansy Livonians, Carcliansy and liigriaiis : And on both fides were many Women trained to War, wlio not only laved a- mong the common Seamen and SoKJicrs, but were alio many 0/' them at the Head of Squadrons. The two Fleets were lb nunicmns that they covered the whole Length of the Streiglit between Ziy- land and Schonen . where engaging, a long and bloody Battel \v,\s fought, with various Succels, Ibinctimes one giving way, and lorn ■ times the other, till at length the Heath of the 'Danijh King con firmed the Vidlory to the Swedes ; who becaule of the fignal Ser- vice performed in the F^ngagemenr by Hctha^ one of the warl'kc Ladies, appoirted her, in reward thereof, and at the lame rime 'o dilgracc the 'Danes^ to rule them as QuCv-n ; but they refilled to fubmit to her Authority , and yieldc! ihcir.lclvcs toO/,ra,« mi; lliildaniii \\ cfcarcti the Sas \vinus, aiul |,c ^1 ^a^llilv, dLinj.. Ka, aiulpradilal Malailiiic. Kor llionourablc, tnr would Ircuiiciitly nth oil tficScj, whether bcloiii;. 'ar l)ct\vccii lU. >f ^Denmark, tor ot Ships, Arms, led by the Van. : S'M'de by the •• And on both t only Icrvcd fl- ic alio many 0/' ere lb minicrniis between Zr- lody Battel was way, andlbm!;- toti/h King coii- ■ the fignal Scr- of tiic warl'kc le lame time '0 they refilled to )iOy Son of the hoMcn Altera •utnarky h.iviin' and pofldrcd /i/or/ie, as he Siirdi/h Hillo- King of Scot- n. nigth of Time, (mhera^by \\\v\ (elf the H.irr((l of 'Demurk wii, on O'liili- wiih "uir .7 Mriklcii 1. (i „i I, an Army, gave him Battel , and cnrirely defeated liiin, tak- M'«rR4rct. in- i!;c King and lus Son Priibncrs. Notwirhllanding wiiich great j'^'"" " Victory, there ciiliicd the Ca!amici>j of a N^val War ; for thcDnkc ./-t.'.'S'^ ,/,, 01 .l/.'(^/(V.'i'i7;(jA, the Fiiirl of fio/Jfein, and the fli//s Towns, cii- "''^•'■ Uiciiii; '" ^^'^ Qiurrel of yi/dirf, lent contiiui.:! Supniies by Sea to H"] fyjiiolmy Cai^ar, aiiti other Ports of S-^edcn )cr held hy ^tbcir, "^ nMc Party bcini:; alf.) furnilhed with a Fleet ftvxn rhc lame Powers, rjvj^cil all the Sea CoaHs, and lb infellcd the liaituk^ that they mit ill end to all Trade and Commerce in thole Part.:. Alter this lUlnitliveWar had contiiuied icvcn Years, a Treaty was let 0!» foot biwcni the cnntcnding Parties, and ar length concluded, whereby it \va< ai;rcci! tli.it ///W/, with his Son, iliouhi be let at liberty, jiiduithiii three Years make a formal Renunciation of all Right or Til /c 10 the Crown of Siifdcn, or ellc liirreiuler himlcif Prilbncr jijjiii; and thar, in calc of Failure of Pcrlbrmaiice, the Cities oi lukd, liambn>\^h, and the other Hans Towm Ihould pay the Qiiccii fixry thoutaiul Marks of Silver. Matters being thus Icttled , Alarfj^arct appointed her Nephew, [|'''W ■•''■'' //(WvPiike oi 'PoMtrani/t, her Succcflor, caufing him to uiangc I* ,/.'/(>' ^l, |ii'■'"• /;(•> Duke of Btrvariii^ and Count 'Palatine of the Rhine ; and he int. sCMtks Cnntejbucj Marlbal of S-x't'dcn, whole SiiccelTor was ii,e s,uufiort 'jtihiit the Son of Chnjfian I, King of ^Drntnark, alter whom reign- •/ iru-. iilhisSon C'/'r/Z/ww II, liirnamcd the Tyrant. His Behaviour being ijio. liiinMc to that Title, Cinf/avus /'.ric/ou, delcciidcd from the anci- m Km^^ of iS' :zrdfn, was let up by the People againll him, who ivcry whcte forcing the Danes to lly be!bre liiin, at length pollcl" lalliiinlelf of the City of Stockbolni, by help of a Fleet' wl.ich the liilhrkirs lent to his Alliflaiicc, and loon after was Iblcninly Guiiivtis 1 - crnwiied at 'Vp/a/. ii>ii>n ,•.,,,.,.. Alter quelling levcral Commotions in Eaft and Well Got/j/and, a sled"' ' iKwWar was railed againll hi'n by the Lubeckcrs, who, in confi- dcrarion of their former Services, having dcfired a Monopoly of the Trade to the Northern Coafls of his Kingdonv:, and being denied III imrealonabic a Rtquefl, demanded the Paymenr of Ibme Monies line to them on an old Account, received into their Prorcdtion Icvc- ul I'.xiles which favoured Chrif/ians Party, and putting a llrong Hccr and Army under the Coiujud of John Karl of //c;v/7, ((iujta- ;w'silr()tlicr-in-law, but his mortal Fnemy) dcfigned nothing Icl.s than the Conqucft of rhc Northern Kingtioms: To vhich purpolc illntliey Ibmented a Sedition in the City of StocUjoltn, aiul eiulea- \wircd to prevail with a Body of the Citi/.ens to cut off their King, piomi(ini» to make thar Place one of the liins Towns. And af- h\ FirJcfick rhe King of "Denmark'^ Death, and the Confufion wliaheniiied thereupon, they pcrliiaded alio many of the Citi/.en., marched into awenbergf with :s of that Pro- ceflcs fo alarm- 'eace was pre- limpercr engag- id twelve thou- 'des and Danes ffer a third Na- d it have been e latter Times, ;r there, which up. Ships belong- I in an Attack with a Squa- another of ten, Admiral, took his ; but the in the Engage- into Germany Power of the itry, and hav- ;h flain in the Iter Chrijiina, ■ the War was ef!, who main- tained tiincd their Affairs very well in Germany ; but while they were uhollv taken up in that Country, the Danes attacked them at home, ig*'"^ whom Leonard Tor ft enfohn was lent, who took great moinolftein from thom, and bear their Troops '\n Jutland and \hmn: And in an Engagement at Sea the T>an'tjh Fleer was de- feated, the grcatcft part whereof was either taken rr (unk. The ^'^tks alto maiic thcmfclves Matters of the Bilhoprick of Bremen andlfiand of Bornhlm^ infomuch that the Thanes were obliged to TUtVi\w%ac- jerectoa difadvanragcous Peace at BromesbrOy by the Mediation "p'<>f'>^iir l^wice^nA Holland, whereby they gave up leveral Places oi'.t'r''"" NrirfV to the S-wedes for ever, together with the Ides of Goth- laHixiiOefel: Nay ihe S^vedes might have had yet better Terms, but that there was a 'Dutch Fleet in che Sound of eight and fbrry Ships of War, on whole Friendlhip they could not entirely dcp:nd. Alter this Torjienfohn carried his vi ob- liged to clap up a P^ace at Rofcbild, by which he refigncd to King King of Den- Qkrks the Provinces of Hallund, Schonen, and Bkking, with the '""'^ '"'"'^ Ifimi Born holm, and the Governments of Bahus and Dronthe'tm in 'Ve^'^e'." Xor'xay. But this Peace proved of no long Duration, for the S'X'edes embarking aB'dy of Troops, which they gave out were dcflgned i'ir'DantzicL landed again in Zee land, and King Charles bcfiv-gcd Ctfenha^eti, wliile his Admiral JVrangel reduced the Cartic of Cro- nnhur^. The States of Holland inccrefling themfclvcs in this r-VDutcha/- Quarrcl, elpnuled the Caufe of the Danes againft the Sivedes, which ^'^ ''" '^*""- litter were favoured by England and France. The King of Den- mrk made a brave Defence in Copenhagen againft the Attacks of ikS'jj'edes, when at length the Dutch Fleet defigned for his Re- lief, (which confiftcd of thirty leven Ships of War, with Ibme Fri- gates, and f-x Firelhips, with five thoufaud Seamen, and four thou- liind Landmen on board) fettinjj fail from the TVat/, arrived in a Ihort nmc at the Entrance of ihe Sound. Thither the King or S-we- din had before lent his Fleet, under the Command of Admiral IVran- ^et, who lay ready to receive the Enemy with eighteen giear Ships from eighty to a hundred Guns, fixteen of a fmallcr Force, and four- teen Frigates, which were well manned, and had on board a confi- detaUc Number oi Englijh Seamen. The Dutch, on their near Ap- proach, ■fe. ,, I- ■ m 'iJ;: 3 o4 Naval TraiifaB'wns fincc the Book Hi A Batttl at Sea btnvetn the Mveiles and the Dutch, itnit the i«rrner kealen. The Swc';; I 'ireJ from l/tfrrc Cn\jen- A Venre le- lucen lije S'.v>.-d-j .!«./ D.I!1CS, hut Jro'j alter tlit SwcJl'S fijfer at >f.i an't Ian, I. The Vc.Hc of Ni;.n.";»i;n. proach, put thcmlclvcs in order of Battel, irittr lyitzvn^ the firft Vice Admiral, being in tlicVan, Admiral Opeiam in the Centre and Trter Florij, the Iccond Vice- Admiral, in the Rear. /A//,v w^J firft received with the whole Fire of the Swedijh Admiral, who at- tempring to clap him on board, and grapple him to his own Sim met with io warm a Reception, that he Ihccr'd off to undertake Opdai^y who fired with I'uch Fuiy upon him, that he was forced to retire under the Protedion of the Caftlc of Crournbnrg. In the mean time Vice- Admiral H'ttte having been forced to quit the Liuc of Battel in the Heat of his Engagement with IVrangel, wai at- tacked by two large S'H'cd'ifl) Ships, againft which he defended him. (elf with qrcac Bravery lot two Hours, without receiving any Adill. ancc from his own Squadron, and at length iiink tlicin both by his fide, but his own Ship had the lame Fare loon after, and he hiinlcif was carried alhorc xo Eljiitore mortally wounded with ruo Musket- Balls. Admiral Opdam was liirroundcd with Icvcn S-j:;edijh Shine and bravely defended himfelf lingly againft them tor iome time, till he was at length dii'engag'd by two TDutch Captains, who came m to his Affillancc, when he had juft liink the ^Vviv^s''/^ Vice Adirinl tVraugcl, the Son of the Admiral, who chole rather to pcn;h m the Sea, than owe his Life to the 'Dutch. The Kinj^ of S-zrln had ordered his ()i1i.ers to make their principal Efforts againllthe Flag- Ships of the Enemies; lb that alter irirre, it fell xo Fhis the other Vice- Admiral's Share to iuftain the raofl: vigorous Atiaas of the Sisjcdes , which he did with g'-eat Bravery, and made a p:o- diL^ions SLiughter among ihcm before he received his Death's Wound. The Engagement lalled four Hours amidft the Fire of three thouljnd Pieces of Cumon, when at length the Lois of lb many Ships aiij Men made the Cturagc and Firmncls of the S'VJcdcs bc.',in to oivc way, and thcVidory, which had continued long doubtful, appeared in favour of the Dutch, who loll in this blooiiy Aiilion only one Ship, which was that of Vice Admiral IFirte., but the Su'eds, ac- cording to their Enemy's Accoun:, loft fourteen, ten of which were burnt or funk, and the other four carried into Copenhaifcn, whithrr the "Dutch lailed triunphantly with their Succours for his Tiamf^ Majcfty, who was then hard prefs'd with the Siege, This obliged the King oi Sweden to turn it into a Blockade, which he continued for many Months bur was at length forced by the Dutch to rile from be. ore ic, and abandon all iiis Conquefts in Druwnrk, who landing the Troops they had on board in the Ifle of Fithiicu, gave tlie S'Jiedes a total Overthrow there. This Lofs was lb afiliding to King Charles, that it threw liim into a Diftemper, nf which he died in the Flower of his Age, leav- ing his Son, an Infant of the fame Name, to iiicceed him in the Throne. Hereupon a Peace was concluded with the Uanes near Copenhagen ; but another War cnliied Ihortly after, wherein the greatell: part of the S'Vi'cdiJh Fleet was Ihipwrecked on the Coaft of Bornholm, and they had many other LolTcs at Sea. To this War the Peace of Ntmegncn put an end, and rcftored the S'-JJcdes ro the PofTclTion of their Dominions in Germany.^ and of all the Places the Dams CuAP.XII. Kitin oftheRom. Empire. 305 <])jm hiJ taken from thcin ; after which the King o( Sweden ap- ' plied himfcll:' to repair the Damage his Country had fuftaincd during thcWatS and procured that great RevoIuriOD there in favour of the KidJv Prerogative, which , of a limited Monarch, made him a ve- ry abiblutc one ; and at length dying in 1697, he was fucccedcd by a. d. 1697. liisSoa Charles XII, the preicnt King. An Alliance being enter'd into agiiiift him by 'Denmariy Mufiovy^ and Tolandy he nded with ihcDuke oi Holjiein againft the 'Danes, and next Year dic Engliflf A. D. 1700. ^Vutch Fleets coming into the Sound, declared in his Favour, inJ, joining the Swedijh Fleet, afTiftcd in a Defcent upon Zeeland, whcie the Swedes landing an Army, obliged the King of ^Denmark to come to an Accommodation by the Peace ofTravendahl. Since Tht ptaa of which there having happened nothing remarkable to our purpofe, I Tr»vend»hi. go oil CO the Naval Wars of 'Denmark. I Chap. XII. Of the Naval fVars of the Danes. THE *DaniJh Hiftorians pretend to give very particular Ac- counts of the Aflairs of their own Nation, for many Ages be- fote the Birth of Chrift ; but thole Narrations are looked upon by ail the Learned as fabulous ; nor is more Credit, perhaps, to be gi- ven to their Hiftory for fome Centuries after that Period of Time, Corcmporary with our Saviour, according to them, was their King ^*««< theAn- Fntho in, who enjoyed a long and peaceable Reign over his large '^^^^ "^ *** Doffiinions, confiding (fay they) not only of Denmark, Sweden, ioi Norway, but alio great part oi Germany, together with Eng- kniinA Ire land, and all the neighbouring IlTands, which they pre- tend to have been conquered by their Kings many Ages before this Prince. After his Death England and Norway made Attempts to recover their Liberty, and their Pirates infefting the Coafts of Den- mark, Frotbo IV. lent out one Stercather againft them with a con- fidcrablc Fleer, who entirely cleared the Sea of them, and reftorcd the Freedom of Navigation, not claiming it ,((ays Meurfius, with a Glance at our Sea Dominion) as the Propriety of his Mailer, but nuking it common to all peaceable Navigators and Traders. After ■(mtiddan II, another of their Kings, is faid to have reprefled the Piracies Ob" yfw»W, the Son of the King oi Norway, who Icoured tbeSea with a ftrong Force. Harold III. appointing 'Vbbo Frifius Coiniuaiider in Chief of his Fleet, he is faid to have defeated a King oi Britain in a ScaFight, to have ravaged the Coafts of Aquitaine, ad commanded all at Sea from the River Garonne to the Coafts of 'Denmark. Al^'^i't tI.;Ycar 800, Sigefrid then reigning m'Denmark, t\it 800. ■^ 'a an Expedition to England, which, more agreeably to ^J^, m^kx- ot rMlcry than what is before related from thcirWriters, ftdimn « T» XV 1 m m'^.^i\ ^o6 Naval TranfaEHons fince the Book III. \[^- Swain rcfUdi ^^re.tt fart of 1 n il.uu', Kmitc f«- qi:»ri it. h Was The Dares ovircomc the V.indals at Sea. was the firft of their Attempts upon our Nation, in which they committed great Spoil in *DevonJhtrey and the Parts adjacent : Af- ter which, invited oy t' ' fertile Soil, and temperate Climate, they made frequent Vifits to it, and at length King Sueno^ or Su'nuc, as our Hidorians call him, reduced great part of the Country to his Obedience, and under Cottutust or Knute^ his Son, the whole Kin; dom was fubdued, who leaving it to his eldell Son Harold^ iiiccecded by Hardiknute., the Taft of the Danijh Kings in England. The befbrementioned Sucno appointed one Wetheman his iuprcme Officer at Sea againft the Piracies of the Vandals^ (by which Name in thofe Times were known all the People of Germauy North ot the ElbCi as well on the Ocean, as along the Coads of tlic Baltick Sea) which Officer had Orders to take all Ships whatlbcvcr which he could meet with, upon that Service, whether the Owners con- icnted or not, only engaging each fhould have their Sliaic of the Booty which might be taken. By this means a numerous Fleet be- ing gotten together, he cleared the Sea of the Pirates, taking eigh- ty ieven of their Ships, and diiperflng the reft to diftant Countries, The Vandalsy enraged at thefe Proceedings, made Inroads into 'Den- mark ^ but Suefio well provided to give them a warm Reception, ftrcngthening his Towns and Sea-Ports with Garrifbns, and ordered Beacons to be fired by Night, and Smoak to be made by Day to give Notice of their Approach, and alarm the Coufntry againO; them. I ' alio threw up a Trench from Slefwick to the Sea, to prevent their Incurftons, which Waldemar afterwards fortified with a flrong Wall. This fFa/demar putting to Sea with a ftrong Fleet, having on board a Body of Troops, failed over to the River IVarna, where difembarking his Troops, he befieged Roftock by Sea and Land, and loon carried it ; after which, in a Sea-Fight near Stralfund, he de- tbated the People oi Rugen, and made himfelf Mailer of that Idand, and at length annexed the whole Country of Vandalia to his Do- minions; while his Fleet, in the mean time, under the Commaod of one Esberney ruining the Pirates of Efthonia and Courland, re- ftored the Freedom of Navigation througnout the Baltick. Which extraordinary Succefs of his Arms acquired him the Title of Wal- demar the Great. His Son Canute^ refufing to pay Homage to the Emperor oi Germany^ who pretended a Right of Sovereignty to his Dominions, he was by him difpoflefled of the Ifle oi Rugen-, but Chriftofher II. fome time after recovered it again. Under Eric VI. the 'Danes defeated at Sea two great Fleets of the Vandals^ taking thirty Sail of Ships, with a great Booty on board them. About which time Gerard^ Duke oiHolftein, (a part of Vandalia) fitted out a confiderable Fleet againft the l)anu^ which he cauled to rendezvous in the Port oifVtJmar^ from whence he let fail for Copenhagen^ with defign to attack the Citadel of that Place, and arriving before it, he laid Stages from one Ship to ano- ther, that fo his Men might fight as on firm Ground, and uink fome Ships in the Entrance of the Port to block up the PafTage ; but the Danes cutting their Cable?, the Stages were prefently torn alundcr, which 'Vhi Danes take rhelftjNil 1 1 80. TAf D.incs lii'pcffef^ed nf Kiigen, litt rtcuver it. The Vandals and Holllem- eri beaten by the Danes. Book III I Qap-XIII. RuiHof thiRdTii.E>hpir'e. 307 which produced fuch a Coniufion and Dilbrder among the Ho/- jleinirs, that moft oi them were Cat off, or fell into the Hands of the Danes. Under Waldemar III, who came to the Crown in 1340, the '340. T)mi had a War at Sea with the HaHs Towns, which was carHed w'/^',"J,',. on for 4 confiderable Time with various Succcl's on both fides, but t,rofth,Hw at length ended to the Advantage of the 't)anes : Since which what ^'"'"' "'*''• Naval Wars they have been engaged in having been with the Swtieti for whoitt we have already accounted, bur propofcd Me- thod next brings us to thofe of^ Muftovy. Chap. XIII. Ojtk Naval li^ars of the Mufcovites, and of the Tiirks. THEl mdtitlmc Powtr of the Mufiovites is of fo late a Date, that it rtidy be rather faid to be likely to be very fruitful in Events, that it may be the Subjeft of fomc fiiture Naval Hiftory, than to furnifh atiy fbr this; lb that we can add little more to what we have fdid of them in the firft Book, than that the Czar fcems no lefs iutent on procuring to himfelf a Naval Force upon the fflack Sea, thdn in the Baltick ; having, after the taking of jifoph ]^'^^^^'^°: from the Twr/tj-, ordered a good Harbour to be made there, and a fjp"/«trf " Fleet to be built of eighty Gallies, and a hundred and fifty Brigan- tuiUMFim. tines; arid, to open a ndw Courfe of Trade in thofe Parts, he has caufcd a Canal to be cut from thfc f^olga (whith difcmbogues itfelf in the CaJpiaH Sea) to the River ©(?«, which falls into the Talus Mentis at Afopb. Indeed the taking of that important Place from the turks was the Confequence of a Naval Victory ; for , being nuintairied by a Garrifon of ten thouiand Men, the Cz,ar had for fomc time bcfi(:ged it with a hundred thoufand Foot, and twenty rhouiand Horic ; but haVing then no Shipping, the Turks threw in Sup|)lies as they pieaied, fo that he was at length obliged to raife the Siege ; but rclblving to repair that Difgrace, he made greater Preparations of Artillery and Bombs than before, and provided a Number of large Gallies, fome of them a hundred Feet in Length, with which engaging the Turks in Perlbn, he took or funk all the Saiques ladeH with Supplies and Provifions, and utterly defeated their whole Fleet; whereupon the Garrifon in the Town immedi- ately came to a Capitulation. Having thus briefly difinifs'd the Mujtovitesy the Turkijh NaVal Wars dre what next claim our Con- liderauou. Rr Of 3o8 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III- I Chap Xl] Of the Naval JVan of the Turks. XH O S E People having continued lor many Ages among thcii native Mountains of Siytbta^ and after their leaving thoie ations, and raifing tliemfclvcs to a confiderablc Power, their Seat of Empire having been for a long time chiefly in the Inland Parts oi'ytfid^ tlieir Hillory affords tew or no Materials for our pur- 14^- pf^''-'' till yVrtAowc/ 1. took the City o( Conjlautinoplc^ •114^5; Tit I ml;-; after which time they became Maflcrs of numerous and pnrenrl'lccts ]ur"'!/Lu,,i The taking of that Place was loon follow'd by the Dcftrudion of tktt't. the Empire o( Trchizonde, which City, after feveral Naval Skir- niifhes before it upon ilic Eiixitic Sea, was reduced to their Obcdi. cncc. After which, wiih their Heet, they took the IlleofA/ffc. ////(?, ill the A>ch'ipcla^o, and tranlplantcd the Inhabitants to Co;;- •v/). Till''! JlautPiople. Then having reduced Ncpcpotitc, Mahomet made *,i V /H;ff,"<- a great Progrels by Land, and enter'd Sfitia and Cariuthin, two ■/"iwX ''""'' Frontier Provinces of Germany, where carrying all before him, he thence penetrated into Italy, and gave the ViHetians a figiml Do- feat at the River Soiitius, which, not without Real'ou, Ihuck auni- vcrfal Tenor through the reft ot' Italy, for his Fleet having alrcidy reduced Otrarito, he had certainly marched to Rome, had not his Death Ihortly alter prevented. n.\i.v/ct ,.'«- He was liiccceded by his eldcft Son Bajazet II, who took If. jiafi ii.cVc- panto and T)inazzo irom the Vrtictiaiis, and defeated tlicin in a " '" Sea- Fight before Modou, which Place, with Coron and Artivjw, fell at the fame time into his Hands. His Son, SeiimX, haviiii^ de- feated the Ti'ijians, carried his Arms \\\to Aigypt , where having broke the Power of the Mamalukei in Icveral Battels, the whuh Country iubmitted to his Obedience. His Son and SucccfTor My mail, furnamcd the Alagiiificcvt, with a great Fleet, and a numer- ous Army, attacked the liland and City oi' Rhodes, which, afict a brave Defence by the Knights oi'Su Jo/j/i of '"/crit/alem, who then had their Kcfiilcncc there, was flirrendcred to him, and they re- moved thence to Malta. After which Solyman had Tunis reduced to his Obedience by the Pirate Barbarofj'a : and then afTcitibhiig from the Black Sea, and other parts of his Dominions, a Fleet ofa hundred and fifty great Gallies, with eighty of a lefTer Rank, and two hundred and fifty other VefTels of divers forts, he ordered an . Attempt to be inade on the Iflc oi Corfu, from whence the Ttirb having ravaged the Coafts, and killed and carried ofT great Num- bers of the Inhabitants, again retired, and plundering iftf;//f and Ccrigo, laid waftc the Ifland of Eiigia; after which they reduced Nacfia and 'Par'ic, while, in the mean time, other of Solymait's Squadrons floured the Coafts of Naples, and the Tiifcan Sea, and ditperlcd the united Fleet of the Emperor, the Pope, and the Vm- tiiius. Receiving into his Protedion the Pirates BarharoJIa, Hai- dill, S'nian the y<':^', Gallicola, and others, he ordered them to in- feft the Spaniards, then preparing for the Redudtiou of Bnrbur), which laii.ui-.ir .'>•< 1 5^.0. li.fj toiiyi/r /ij'.yi't. HIuhIcs, (I).v' TllhlS. T»'^ 1 111 U I tfifjc'fr the fieit ef the Ir.tercr, Pope, tt>ui Vcnctims. wiiiA ilicy vl njitot which! ior'b Adaural.l ovciliJtii wnj a^iiii, cntifclv m)tt lounnaiij id tlic ^^^^^'''1 liCWJSil''*-' iiitkSi'-g^ (j Afcol'dic ikeaT'/v/'cA'l ;.;,.•),/«/■, the r\ 11,1, \^lll> ^" ' il)»lM dy 1 iiniuctoiis \' I tiviu i~i he I jjuiii ricct I- iicjtL •;'?«■'<'; Adious of the liic of anwiig witii whom tl lluJcr with a of tk Frmh next biiiys uie HOW CO were ai v.r,;c.i hath hi the fuft Book cr hanks, a Icitlini; there, \vc hear of 1 of Qh.vlcs I Ex|Kdition ai Sea Fi^lir, ai /iiijlmhe, ;i 1 l!i|V')l'c to [ FncjLw.i I a Nav,\1 Strci vcril couvci JBookIII. ■ Chap XIV. Riiinof thc^om.Fjfipivc, 309 [cs among their r leaving thoig Ic Power, their ' in the Inland lis for our pur- 'M', ini4J3; t1 potent riccts. I^cftrudion of ral Naval Slur. ro their Ohciji. : Hlc of Mctc >itanrs to Cw- lahomct made 'drimbt.i, tuo before him, he ''•f a /ignal Dc- '> llriicl; a uiii- 'laving already 'j had not his who rookZc ited them in a uid Navaii/w, 'I? having dc- where having Is, the whulc ucccfTor J'c/y. and a nuincr- hich, after a w, w ho then and they re- Ttoi/s reduced en arTcinblirg a fleet of a i-'r Rank, aud ic ordered an cc the Tiiris T great Num- g Za/ife and they reduced of So/jmaii'i ^can Sea, and nd the Vcnc- '^irojla, Hni- \ them to in- of Barht); which •/. wiiidi ihey very tircduilly pcrtormcd with a Fleet of fixty Sail ; iu,t ut which, however, tailing in with y//;<://rw'Z)o;7^/, rhc Kmpc- (oi'sAdmiial, were routed, but \\'iQ Spaniards ami Itntiuiis l)einj» ovci'iAii with their Booty, the Turks rallied, and attacking ilicm .yx\\\, entirely dtllroycd their whole Squadron. The 'l-^oriu^iirfe BOrt louiinaiuling the ///al)l<-; to which purpolc he entered into an Alliance with ili: f>///'f)w//J', and repaired with a great Meet to their Allillancc inib.cSitge of '/J/w, as \vc have already Ihcwn in treating of the ^(fjitsdl the i'ortu^iicjc. In the mean time the Turktlh Fleets re- ''"' Tutkiili ilacc^Tripol: in I^aidaiy, and the low 11 of y/frica, with the lllcs i'"|!X'"^'^.. oi'Zovi, and G'(;-s?, and ravaged the Coalls t' Sici/jy where G'///- midiii, the Admiral cf that llland, was defeated and taken Prilb- 1;^;, with all his Ships, by the Pirate 'Dra^^ut Raiz. Shttm dying, he was lucceedcd by his Son Sei/M H, who with ^'■''"' !'• awuuaous Fleet and Army took the illaiid Cypr/n from the f^cne- '','.-^^ Vm.""' ti.Ks, as he ilid alio Tttms and ytl^Ur from the Moors; bur his .m,/ Aii^ior. mil,! Fleet rcaivcd a mod fignal Overthrow from \\\c Vetietims '^''• Kit L'patifo; which, with the icll oi' the mort remarkable Naval Adionsof the T////'j to thisTimc, having been already taken no- tice of among thj Alfairs ot the l^'enttians, Ciciioc/i\ or Spaniards^ \iit;i\\hoin they happened to be engaged, I ihall not trouble the lluJcrwidi a Repetition of them, but proceed to the Naval Wars, chhc Frcin/j, which arc thole the Order I have bclbrc oblerved next biuys uic to. C II A P. XIV". \ Ofik' NavallFms of the French. ' HOW cniifidcrable lomc of the ancient Inhabitants of Gaul were at Sea, will have been already fecn by the Account v.i;;c.i hath I)eeii given of tiic People oi Marfetlles and Vaiitics, in the firft B;)nk of this Hiflory ; but from the Time that the Franciy or Frnuks, a People of Germany, crofTed the Rhine into Gan/, and Icttliiij; there, gave their Name to the whole Country and People, wc lioar of no Naval Exploits of the French till the Government M (7;7;7,7 Marfcl; who we find, about the Vcar 7x8, made an 718. lAlxilitioii ng;iiii(l the People oi' I'riejland, whom he overcaitic in a ^'" '"="''' .^oaH-hr, aiul burnt and laid wafto the Iflands oi Amtjirache and it'lSni MpKhc, as they are called by the Writers of thole Times, which II'ilVlc to he the Iflc oi AmcUudy and Oojiergoe^ a Part of prcfcnt I'liijLiiii HisGrandlon Charlemagne, leeingthc great Advantage ciurlc-nugne i Niv,il Strength would be to the Defence of his Empire, made le- fi^/'ares » vera! coavcnicut Harbouis in difTcrcut Parts of the Kingdom, and '•'"'• ""'' UUllC boun. iS'ii' 3 1 o Naval TranfatVwns fifice the Book III. I Chap XI V I m in!' llti French 1(41 I hi SiU CVII9 Jt Sea, A. 1). 8-7. Ch.uV-'nr.s.ViC jiittrtt iheim- fire TXiih ins biiilc a Number of Ships of War, which he put iiiidcr the Command of the Conftabic Rnibard\ who o^oi Gcnoti engaged the SaraceHj then mightily iufcding Corjtca and Sardinia, and entirely routed them, taking thirteen of their Shins, and putting the red to Flighr. And at the lame tinic, in the Adriatici, with twenty Ships bot- MiiJihtLom- rowred ftom the ycnettaus, Chartemaj^ne defeated 7>efiderius King of Lombardy, and forced him to quit the Sea: While on the Coidfts of the Ocean, one Rutland bore the chief Naval Command, undct whom were maint.iin'd Icveral Fleets in the Mouths of the Ltun the Seine., the Rhine, and the Elbe, againft the Dcprcduions of the Thanes and Saxons: On which Coafts were alfodilpofcd fcvcril Bo- dies of Troops for their Defence againft thole Barbarisms. CharletHdt^HC having thus provided for the Security of his Enj- pire, culled in his Sons to be Sharers with him therein, placing Charles in Germany-, appointing 'Pepin King of Italy to defend his Acqiiifitioiis there againft \\\c Greeks, and the *Duke oi Bencvento\ and to Lc's^'is he committed /Iqttitaine to make head againft they'd. racens of Spain. 'Pepin, having ended the War with the Duke of BcnevcHto, turned his Arms againft 'Paiily who commanded the Fleet of Nicephorus, Emperor of the Eaft, whom he engaged off Comacchio, in the jidriatick, and obtained the Vidlory, the Grt- cian Fleet being fb dilablcd that it had much ado to make its Retreat over to T>almatia. The Venetians having cfpouied the Part of NicephortMy he next attacked them, and having defeated their Doge, failed over to 'Dalmatian, and ravaged the Coaits, whither the fore- mentiqned Taul, with rlic Eaftcrn Emperor's Fleet, now reinforced, repairing againft him, he returned to Ravenna, with a confiderable Booty. After which Tepin feized the Port of Brondolo, with Chi- ozzaj Talejlrina, and other Places in the Neighbotirhood of ^fjiirt, and then taking Malamocco it fclf, where in thofc times was the Ducal Palace, forced the Doge Obeleritu to remove to Ridtt, where has ever fince been their Refidencc. There were three Na- val Commanders appointed by Charlemagne for the Service of his Son 'Pepin, whole Names arc recorded in Hiftory; one was^Wiir- duSy with the Title of Admiral, who was afterwards flaia in a Sea Fight by the Saracens then pofTcrting Corjlca ; another \^^%Archm^ hot. Chancellor to Charlemagne, who had the Command of the Fleet of Genoa ; and the third was the forementioned Buchard, who killed five thouland Saracens in an Engagement off Sardinia, and expelled all their Garrilbns from that Ifland and Corjica. Tepin was fucceeded in the Kingdom of Italy by his Son Ber- r.-mard K,iig nard^ in whole time the Saracens again invading Corfica, plundered c/ ii.iiv or.r- j|^ Ifland, and carried off a great Boory : but Ermenums, who raceis. was Bernards Viceroy m Majorca, falling m with the Enemy at Sea, routed them, and took Icveral of their Ships, relcafing a con- fiderable Mumber of Chriftian Slaves that were found therein. The Saracens, ncverthclefs, ftill continning their Depredations, furprizcd rAsSiuans and plundered Civita Vecchiay and proceeding thence r;ivaged the '■'^.""/'^'j CoiS^^ of Langttcdoc, whence they repaired to Sardinia, and laid wafte that Iflaud; but Ermengarins happening to be there, while they t'.e Uccl; VUet. Vz;\n ulri i -.ir.ll I'iilits Irti/i li.f Ve- ncli.vllS. Li,.ycafcle(Ily ibtccd the reft 0)ffltmagne\ Sftih lent a lothcCoaftso ,0 the other. this Prince's Rl tib\c Fleet at nwy oi* '" ^ Houfc tor the tided the Mout j,v;, andtothc cDcichSidcof| Li^k "uicd rcdcii another Xumige, I ii Ctriem. Under Le'^it Engijemcnt bef I tcf (vliich Calab tbittirac we m i whole Reign th hotnthclnfidcli tioD into 4fa, W//(?. Croflli 1 Command of I I tknce, reduced wiihthe Cities After this, a Mfle, there t( alikeUndcrtak fate the War vcr hUander i j them. Le'wis Liod, and rec( Expedition's be hd, in order to Qmh envyin] mie;, attacked ncit to have ui toy of j'ifi/y til to retire. I After this, • the Ptincefs A^ tmfle, flie w Frenchmen, y\ iutothcSca, i thoulwds, out Book III. I Chap X I V. Ruin of the Rom. Ewpirv. 3 1 1 thcComnjand 1 the Saracens, '•"'>cly routed red to Flight nty Ships bor. ^cjil fcvcralBo. *'iins. y of his Eoj. '■-'■cin, plidno 'fo defend hij 3f Renevento\ againftthcJo'. » the Du.kc of umandcd the c engaged off >ry, the Crf. akc its Retreat 1 the Part of cd their Doge, rher the fore- ow reinforced, a confideraWc oloy withG;. foAofVenicty times was the vc to RidtOy ere three Na- Service of his le was Emar- flaia in a Sea wiiSjirchm- iniand of the hchardt who Wdi/tia, and ■a. his Son Ber- ~a, plundered tgafiusy who le Enemy at eaflng a con- herein. The ns, liirprized r.:vaged the v/W, and laid there, while they thcycafcloflly draggled abour th: Country, he cut ofT^rcat Nuni- (d-Isoffhcin, intercepted Ibinc of their Ships, which he Uurnt, and forced the reft to xc\\t£ in Coofufion to jy'rica. Cbirttifiape dyinB,1pc was liiccccdcd oy his Son Lrjvisy firna- jftitbtfioMi, in whole i\m% Abdcramest King of the Saracens iu j>«», lent a numerous Fleet, under :he Command o( ^bttr/nn.i^ to the Coafts of y^f «//«!/»cetij lothe other. But wc don't meet with any Naval Battel tbuglit in '•'"•♦f "" [his Prince's Reign, though he is faid to have provided a confide rile Fleet at Boiitosne in 'Picardyy and to have had another ftatio lury oi»e in the Mouth of the Scheldt where he crcdled a Light Houfc tor the Benefit of Navigation. Charles II. his SuccefTor, for fj/ifd the Mouth of the Seine againft the Depredations of the Sax m, iiiil to the lame Purpofc cre(Jled icveral Caftles along the Coafts 'iZ clii'iu, CDCJchSidc of that River. Charles IV. following the Example of iriA caulcd a Light- Houic to be built at Sluys in Flanders^ c- rcflcii another at Rochelle^ and a third between Bonrdeaux and limniii \ liippolc iu the lame Place where now is the Tour dc tume. f:ii.ulc5 II. I he UiftHft cf lie! (lit to Alii, and i.it'ti I'f.cral I'iacii. A. D. if,97. l/iiiler Lewis II. the Saracens were beaten by the French in an fewis if. teemcnt before Bariy and again iu the Golf of G"'f< ''" thoulauds, out of the City. Thclc, getting together five and twcn- a'l'nl^'". typie. l!'t Frcnii ur.it the ritit of the Sar.i- ccns. ^n .! ' 3 1 2 Naz.d Tranfatlwns fmcc the Book III. I ^^^^ ^ •;/>» I'rciich »j lAfCiieeki. ibi French htt ihi hietl Tht French tiidVenni- JUS ttllnck t^uDlUntilio- pit. (Ji:ifl.miiiio- the I'lCllth a>i,'. Vciicu- A. D. 1104. 1150. ty Gallics to revenge this Treatment cruiicil about the Strcii>hrj of Conflantinople, the Mcr di Marmora, the ^Dardanelles, ami the Archi^vlaffi, and ravaj^ed all the Coafts and Illands with Fi.c mj Sword; agaiufl who.u the Greeks lending cut a Hcct olfiftySnl under the Command cf Thilantropcnns^ they came to an Im^. ment in the Go\iL ol Armirn^ wherein the Fretub defeated them and tookfevcral of their Ships; and by the Reputation of their vj dory retained Negroponte and Candia in their Obedience. 'Philip II. now rcigninj» in France, he lent a Fleet to Jfncai- gaind Saladin, Sultan ot ^Hgypt, under the Command tA'Jmn d Ave files, who reduced Icvcral Places on the Coaft of Barbm About which time Lewis, the Son of King Tbiltp, (ailing with another Fleet from Marfetllcs, was Ihipwrack'd in a Storm, on flic Coaft of Sicily, but at length repairing his (hatter'd Navy, proceed- ed therewith to Syria, where, ui an Engagement ofT of Tjyrc, he deftroyed the Fleet of Saladin. After which putting Bonifjcf, MAri{\i\s of Monf/cr at, at the Head of another Expedition, licjoin'J with the Venetians in aiding Alexius Angelus, Son oHfaac Enipc. ror of ConJiantinopU, againll his Uncle Alexius Comucnut, who had trcachcroufly ulurpcd the Empire from his Brother; and rhc French and Venetian Fleets attacking ConJiantino^U in Conjun. €tm\, broke the Chain which was laid acrols the Entrance of ihe Port, for its Security, and there took twenty Grecian Ships; which | done, they landed their Men, who bearing down all OpiKifiiion, forced the Tyrant Alexius Comncnus ro fly, ami fcr Alexius An^ gelr^ their Ally on the Throne. But he being f .on after dcpolcdia a Tumult, one Murzuphlns afTumcd the Empire, and attacked rhc French amWenetians, and in order to deftroy them lint out (ixtccn Firelhips before the Wind againft their Fleet, but rlicy getting out to Sea icparated, and made a PafTagc for the Firelhips to iail tluough them, lb that that Device was rcndcr'd incffcdual : And the Confede- rates re aflcmbling their dilberlcd Fleet, attacked Conjfanrittople,tk French by Land, and the Venetians by Sea, who joined the Hulls j of two Gallics with a Floor laid acrols, and thereon eredling Tow- ers higher than the Ramparts of the City, threw in lighted Tor- ches, and other combuftible Matter, which prelently letting that I Quarter in Flames, they poured in Showers of Arrows upon the Soldiers and Citizens that went about to cxtinguifli the Firc; while the French in another Place made a Breach in the Walls, and forced their Entrance into the City. Conjiantinople being thus taken, Murzuphlus laved himlclf by Flight, and with the univcrfal Con- lent of all Parties (Alexiits having been before (lain by the Ulur- per) Baldwin Coint oi' Flanders was laluted Emperor, the Mar- quis of Montfirat being at the lame time made King of Tbc^'aly, and the Venetians j»^aving the Ifland Candia yielded to them. Some time after this Lewis IX, hiring a Fleet of Genoefi Ships j and Sailors, put an Array of French Soldiers on board, and embark- ing at Mar/eiUes proceeded to Cyprus, where rcndczvoufing at ti •. fame time IVilliam Prince of Achaia, with the Fleer oftheA/orw, and Robert Duke of Burgundy, with many Tranlports, having on board Miionfi tea Dj)S th< j-ratOurtli tjbi rnli'ii^' Willi J great f hjrh'J at /A; to Frm'f il.t.r liiin if" Huh Name; JaJc iJS tiic) f,il)lc Hca, lor Ui,liiin oltlic War, 111 tn attcin| ktli'c Cipc ( I'lc Knirjii'.-c liiiicnd.rcil ti tlutPLicc, In lii/;J «ith tl (it'J';r;/v arriv Coniiiofition, Army JKing c( returned to iln Aficr this / anJ alli) cmbr ploKil at lion mPiirkn. 1 Ship< lor B(/ur attacked .iiid t;: ly rdtntnn:;, c (Iron to iV«; ;// Ibiind 111 that Wine that wet Hereupon the iiuiul of (Ih.ir ccivcd a total fleer liilcd to It nn fire. Smnc time :i FJ'^did ill. 1 ti^r no Ids Ca' Cbiin to in R Siller nf Chari l-\0' antl P pulle l)et()rc L; was eroding li- ving a Body when the Frci cJ to intercept B^^j I Chai'^1^^- K/i'iN of tl^c Rom. FM/pirc. 3^3 the Strcighrj of ni'llei, and the •s with FiK aiij Icct ol fitly Sail ■ to ail I linage. defeated them, tioii of their V|. Jiciitc. cct to Jfnc, i. inuiid ot Jma Ull of B'arbury. '///, iaihiig With a Srorm, on rlic I Navy, procrcd. ofT of Tyru he utfiiig Bonlficty tdition, hcjoiii'd n oUJaac Empc- Cotnncnm, who rothcr; and rhc "."/f in Cnnjun- Entrance of ihe an Ships; which I all Oppofitjon, fcr Jlexitts /In- 1 after dcpolcdia and attacked rhc nli'iif ourdxtcca rlicy getting out )S to tail tluough And thcConfcdc. wjfantittoplc, the joined the Hulls | )n crcdingTow- ■ in lighted Tor- itly letting that I rrows upon the the Fire; while V^alls, and forced I eing thus taken, | ic univcrl'al Coa- in by the Ufur- ipcror, the Mat- ing of Tbefaly, ! 1 to them, of Genoefe Ships | rd, and embark- czvoufing at til I cr oii\\tMom,\ )orts, having on board [^j,j jconfidcrablo Number of Horic, they rcpairci in Conjiiiidlion foi;'/''» •""' l^'-'^e^al 'Datfiiata by I. and ami Water, which in lew Djy"> fhey forcal to liirrciulcr, but Inoii after they received a mJtO\crtliro\v iii a IJattel on lliore, wlicreiiulie Kiiii» liimklfwas tjl.ii I'riltiiK'r by the Infidels; who liavm^ pineluli'd his Kanlbro \n[liii;rcJt Sum ot Money, aiul the Kclbtutioii of 'A/w/,/m, era- lurkd at /A'f with the liiiall Rcm.iiiis of his Army, and returned ioFnuci'. 1 his ill Succcis in y//ia was not lulHueiit however to il.t.r liiiii ff*^"' another Kxpcditioii aj;ainft the Kiuniies of thcChri- lluiiNjuic; tor l()nic Years after wanls he cntcr'd into another Croi. hk [i'< they called thcic Kxpcditioiis) and fitting out a ronfidc- fjNc Fleet, embarked at y/i^ur/i/wftcs in f.an{<^ucd(H\ and let Sail Inr U^li'ifiy the Reiuic/.vous appointed lor the Coiiipanions ol flic Wjr, wlicrc liohlin^ a Council, it was rclblvcil there- in rn attempt the City of Tunis. Setting Sail they loon came bdorc Cipc CV//7A<^/i,''*, where they attackcil the Callle that dclcnds \k Ijiiraii x' of the Port of 7/if:is, which alter a lon^ Siege being ImKiiJaal to them, they proceeded to Ttmis itielt, and invcllcd tlutPlicc, but the l'l.i;^iic reigning in the Camp, King Li-^is was liizcJ with thar Dillemper and there died. After which the King nt J;f;/v arriving with anotlKr lltct, they brought the Kncmy to a Conipofitioit, but could not rake the Place ; lb that the Confederate Army iKing confulerably diminilhed by Sickncls, they broke up, and returned to ihcir relpcdivc Countries. At:cr this Frame being greatly divided w ith Civil DilTeiifionS, anJ ill') cmbrtnl'd with its Neighbours, kept it Icif liiificiently cm- plovcd at home, and abandoned all Projedls againft Sjiriay ALgypt., oiknk>\. Edward \ King of England having lent out fix Sail of Ship> Inr /^-'//r', they were attacked and taken by lome People of that Province, w hich he high- ly r.laitiit7/'.r Count de Valois, who engaging x.\\c Etiglifl) rc- ccivcil a total Dctoat : But the French loon after repairing their Fleer lailcd to 'Dover, and llirprizing that Town, pimidcrcd and let it nn fire. Some time after this there broke out a more bloody War between F^hiiid in. King of England, and 'Philip VI. the French King, t'U no Ids Caiilc than the Crown of France, which Ed-^'ard laid Claim to in Right of his Mother the Daughter of 'Philip IV, and Sifter nF C/wr/fj IV, the lall King, who died without iHuc. The %/'//' and People of E landers their Allies, having received a Rc- rullcbcforc L'tfle^ then in rhc Hands of the French, King Edisjard »vis crofling from England to Slitys with a confidcrablc Fleet, ha- ving a Body of Troops on board for the Prolccution of the War, whcnthc A/w/f/j Fleet confilling of four hundred Sail, endeavour- cJ to intercept him in hisPaflagc, and prevent his Lauding, whcrc- S f upon tiiil ihfir Ai. Iiti l.iki 1)4. llillt.l, 4rt tnnn (H i.ewii IX. lip iir^r It lllllb, but ilm nf tht I'ljiMI. France Jivi- Jtil ly CivU DilfenjioHi, A. n. IS <)-i- Iht Tint t) 1 MwMni I. iink jtviial French "■Ai/j. Tht French hlttt hiattu. Lilt thiy (•irn Dovci ^f-> I, " ■■ 3 1 4 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book lit. I^nglidi and French. 1371. A. D. 134 ' upon cnfucd one of the moft bloody Engagements that any Age hath ^/itX'*''' produced ; wherein, according to the Account of the />Wf^ them- nvec'iuht Iclves, they loft thirty thouland Men, and both their Admirals; but with the Lo(s to the Evgiijh (fay the lame Accounts) often thou- fund Men, befides many Pcrfons of Quality ; and King Edz'ird himfclf received a Wound in his Thigh. However the Vidlory was entirely on the Englljh Side, and the King landing his Men, march. ed, in Conjundlion with thole of /^/awdftT/, his Aifc, and laid r/.« Engiini Siege to Tonrnay : After which he gained thole great Vidories in /4**Touniay, France which make ib bright a Figure in the Engltjh Hiftory. In 1 3 71, the French King, Charles W^ having built a Fleet at Roany and being afllfted alio with the Ships of Henry King of G- vh, French ftUc^ had a fuccefsful Engagement 0^ o\ Roche lle^ with ^nEn^liJh t^-^e ami fink Squadton of thirty five Sail, which were all either funk or taken, i^nsiifl. 6A,^.. ^^j ^^^ ^^^^^ j^^j^ ^^jj^ jj^ jj^g pjgj^p ^j^jg Squadron was in- tended for the Relief of Rochelle., then clofely befiegcd by the French Army, commanded by the Conftable dti Gnefclin and the Df ''.e of Berry, by whofe Dircdlion all the Ships taken from the Englijh, with fome of their own that were unfit for Service, were funk in the Entrance of the Harbour of Rochelle, to prevent the Town's receiving any Supply by Sea, and at the fame time the Siege being vigoroufly carried on by Land, the Place was Ihoftly after furrendercd to the French. The French Jink fiveral Ships at the F.ntrance of Rochelle. A. D. 1385. The French I'ng!:(h. Under this Prince's SucccfTor, Charles VI, a Fleet was font oat, with a Land Array on board, commanded by Jo/jw^/f Viefmc, to the AJTiftance of the Scots, then at War with England, but DilTcn/icns aid the Scots arifing between the French and Scots about the manner of carrying a^awfl the ^^ ^^^ Vfzx, hc rctumcd without doing any thing remarkable. Next Year the French King defigning to make an Expedition in Pcifou againft England, caufcd a Fleet of twelve hundred and eighty Sailto be got ready in the Port of Sluys, but the Rubs the Duke of Berry, who was no Friend to this Projcd^, threw in the Way, rend^r'd all thcfe Preparations inefTedual. The Admiral of France had, for the fame Purpoic, made an Armament of (cventy two Ships on the Coaft oi Bretagne, which, having on board many Engines and Ma- chines of a new Invention, with other Utcnfils for Sieges, put to Sea from Treguier, in order to fail for Sluys, but in their way meeting with a violent Tempeft Were all dilperfed, and many of them being drove into the Thames fell into the Hands of the En^- I'tjh, Icveral were caft away on the Coaft of Zealand, others perilh- cd amidft the Waves, and but very few efcaped to Sluys with the Tidings of their Difafter. Shortly after this the Genoefe imploring Aid againft the Pirates of Barbary, who cruelly ravaged their Coafts, the Remains of the two A. D. 1389. FIcet.1 beforementioned were difbatch'd to their Affiftanc-e, under the Comr>iand of Henry Duke of Bourbon, who failing fnto the Medi- terranean, joined the Genoefe Fleet, and proceeded to the Coaft of The French Barbary, where he reduced the Towa of Africa, and fate down aid the Ge- bcforc thc City of Tunis ; but after a foog Siege, not being able to 7,flnZif ^^^' himfclfMaftcr of thc Place, he conlentcd to a Treaty with the Barbary. 5 EnCIIiy The French difpcrfed by Tempelt. Bi^^idlt. I Chap. XIV. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 315 at any Ape hath ic /Vrwf^thetn- ir Admirals; but its) often thou- i King Edz'ird the Vidory was lis Men, march- Aiiicii, and bid feat Vic%ries in 'Jh Hiftory. built a Fleet at «r>Kingofa. with an Enfijh r funk or taken, Iquadron was in- befiegcd by the hiefclin and the taken from the or Service, were , to prevent the e fame time the lace was Jhortly :et was fent out, e Viennc, to the ', but Diflcn/icns nner of carrying :markable, Next ;dition in Pctfou eighty Sailto be Duke of Ben)', Uy, rend»r'd all France had, for vo Siiijjs on the Engines and Ma- r Sieges, put to »ut in their way J, and many of nds of the En^- tdf others perilh- t Sluys with the Inft the Pirates of mains of the two ftanc-c, under the \ ibto the Medi- 1 to the Coaft of f and fate down lot being able to I Treaty with the Enemy ihe F.rig'idi itij'e^Uil at .SV.I A D i4,'~. 'lije Fiencii fleet over- come I hut of ilcs. ■rtleJ IQ Fmikc. Enemy, by which they engaged never in time to come to infcft the Com oi prance or Genoa y to pay ten thou&ad Ducats for the Charge of the War, and fet at liberty all the Chriftian Slaves in their Power. Under Charles VII, the next fucceeding Prince, John le Smjier is faid to have defeated the Englijh in an Engagement be- fore the Town of B lay e, upon the Garonne ^ wherein he lunk fn^ Me Ships oi Bourdeaux which came to their Affiftaucc, and bc- iieging Blaye by Land and Water, at length forced it to furrcndcr. Daritig the long fteign of Lewis XI. there happened nothing rc- ftltkableat Sea; but mSSucCeffbr CharlesVlWy carrying his Arms into l.dly^ i" <^tder to reduce the Kingdom oiNafles^ a Naval Force vras found very neeclTary for the Furtherance of that Ocfign , and accordingly a Fleet was fitted out under the Command of the Duke ofOrlea»s, who in a Sea Fight, off of Torto Fenere, on the Ciafi; ciG(noa, worfted the Enemy's Gallies commanded by Frederick, Brother of Alfhonfits King of Naples and Sicily y and keep- ing in awe all the Coafts of Italy from Genoa to Nafksy (truck ^api fach a Terror \XiXo Alphonfiis himfelf, that he fled into Sicily y and left the Defence of his Realm of Naples to his Son. Soon afccr which that Kingdom wholly fubmitting itfelf to the French, the Re- N>pi<;s f:ti putation of their Arms was fo great, that the Inhabitants of the Mo- res, and the reft o^ Greece , only waited the Appcirance of their Fleet on their Coaft, to revolt and throw off the Tnrkijh Yoak ; but ;;.v -'ofecurion of thefe Matters was hindered by the Intrigues of the Venetians y who grew jealous of the Encreafe of the French Power, and had rather have the Turk their Neighbour on one fide, than the Moft Chriftian Kins on both. Under Lewis XII. one Tregent was put at the Head o'i a Fleet Jn the Mediterranean, with the Title of Vice- Admiral of the Le- mnt, with which encountering a Venetian Squadron off of Genouy he funk fifteen of their Gallies, and forced the reft to retire. After T„e Frendi this.he was ordered to condudt his Gallies round into the Ocean, to *"" '*' ve- defend the Coafts of Bretagne and Normandy againft the Englijh ; "^"»''5'"^"' and filling in o^Conqu^t with their Fleet, under jphc Command of Sit Edward J lowardy they both came to an Engagement, wherein that Admiral lofing his Life in the firft Charge, the Englijh thought The Engiidi lit to retire to their own Coafts. V'" """ Frmis I. next fiicceedcd to the Crown, in whofe time Andrew F7eiic'h.' 'Doria of Genoa was appointed General of the French Gallies, with which he reduced Salerno, and other Places on the Coaft of Na- ^''^ French pies, while 'Thilip "Doriay his Nephew, ravaged the Ifiand of Sar- 't'!S°;- imia, and engaging the Emperor's Fleet in the Gulph of Naples, cil', entirely deftroyed it. Put fome of the great Men at Court en- ^- ^- 'j-^- vying the Favour and Protedion the Genoeje enjoyed, and their defiro^ thi gteat SuccefTes, put fomc Indignities upon 'Doriay whereupon he F.mpnor^ quitted the French Service, and entering into that of the Spaniards, ^^"'■ under Charles V, carried over with him to that fide the good For- tune which had hitherto attended the French in this War, and there- ihe French upon cnliicd thei; utter Expulfion out of the Kingdom of Naples, ^^^^|f f'"^ and Republick of Genoa. He was fuccecded in the Command of Geno" '"' S f X the Jl.e I'riTich l.inti in the Ijle d/W'ght. A. D. IS44. 3 1 6 Naval TranfatYtons fince the Book III. the French Gallies by Anthony de la Rochefoucauld^ and he bv Francis oi Bourbon, Count oi Anguien, who, Claude d'Annehault being then Admiral of France and beficging Boulogne^ lent round from Mufft'illes to his Afllftancc a Squadron of Gallies under the Command of Taulin, Baron dc la Garde. He joining the Admi- ral o^ Boulogney they repaired in conjun(fiion to the Coafts oi Em. land, where, arriving at St. Helen's, they had a flight Skirmilh with the Eiiglijb Fleet, which came out oi 'Fort/mouth to engage them and then lauding in the Ifle of IVight, they plundered lomc Villa' ges, and retreated, though they had once a Defign of ereding Forts there, and maintaining the Ifland, which had they done, (lay the French) they had loon forced us to abandon Boulogne, (lately ta- ken by Henry VIII ) and cut off our Navigation to France and Spain: Qat Annedaiilt, with his fifty Men of War, fixty Ships of Burthen, and fifteen Gallies, being content to have only alarmed the Coafts, returned ingiorioufly home. About this time was built by the French King's Diredion, at Havre de Grace, a Ship of War of a very confiderable Burthen, the largeft France had ever been Miftrels of before: And at Vannes, in Bretagne, were or- dered to be let up a Number of large Galleons. Annebault was fucceeded by Gajpard de Coligny^ as Admiral of France, and feveral Years after, the forelaid Baron de la Garde was made General of the Gallies, but the Civil Wars now reigning in France, for a confiderable time, there happened little or nothing memorable at Sea, in regard they were fo warmly engaged by Land. However, the Proteftants, having got feveral ftrong Towns into their PofTeflion, and greatly encrcafed their Power, at length began to take to the Sea ; and having aflembled a Squadron of nine Ships of War in the Port of Rochelle, under the Command of Monfieur/i ina itor»t. 'ihf Freiuh pl.^rt their Colony of f'anada. 'f51 Book III. ■ Chap- XI V. RuinoftbeRom.E?/ipire. 317 W, and he by de d'Annekult «f, lent round lilies under the 5i«g the Admi- Coaftsof£«^. t Skirmifh with o engage them, red lome Villa, f erecting Forts done, (liy the ^gne, (lately ta- re France and . fixty Ships of c only alarmed time was built ice, a Ship of ranee had ever agney were or- , as Admiral of V la Garde was o\v reigning in ttle or nothing igagcdbyLand. ig Towns into at length began of nine Ships of Monfieur d( U I'hichcruifingin t with, whether ardfotakcouin Ba£'ac,t\\zhQ' vho at Talma, he BrafilYkay Colony. -The fly murder'd in of France by 2jf to co:nraand a Squadron of t, but nolt of fy the Dui^? of recovered the eftants. itmorency were 2 French plant- they difcover- a oiJclmVe- :e. But in the iears Bla>ii]uet, Ga'tlkrd, Q^Wlurd, Treleboisy and 'Pontaullc, Gentlemen of the Proteltanc a. d. 161 7. Party, putting to Sea with a Squ ^ron, greatly intcdcd the Mouth of tlie Giironney where taking their Station ofT Royviy rhcy cruile.J on tlicir Euemi<'S, and took Icvcral Prizes. There bcin^ a Floor of a hundred and fifty Merchant Ships ready to fail from BourdeauXy il^cSm de Barrau/t, Vice -Admiral of Guietinc, was ordered with nine Men of War to convoy them out to Sea, upon whofc Approach BliiKfuet, with his Party, retired to a Place of Security ; but 1)e Bamiilt in his return falling in with them, rhcy came to an En- mcinent, wherein Blanquct received a total Defeat, loft all his ta,- 1 rcnch Ships, and himfelf^ with Gaillardy were taken Priloners, the reft ^^^"fi""" flinging themlclvcs into the Sea, and efcaping to Land. Mean '^ "' ^"'' while, in the Mediterranean, the Pirates of Barbary Icouring the Coiihof'Trovcncey Monfieur de BeauHeu was lent outagainft them with a Fleet of fifty Sail of Ships and Gallics, who, ofJ'st. Iropez., rtt French i:« took one of their Vcflcls, and going out to Sea in qu.ft of their ^^^,'f^/c,f.'' main Force, met another of their Ships, commanded by a Renegado "uy/ oiRicbelle, who having obflinatcly defended hiraltif for ibmo rime, at length in defpair funk his Ship, and was drowned with his whole Company. Another Renegado of y^r/es he forced to make his E- fcape on Shore ; and having lunk a fourth of their Shtp<5, not be- ing able to come up with the reft, he returned to Marfeillcs. All things were now tending in France to a fierce Civil War, and the Duke of E/pernony with an Army, blocked up the Avenues to hchelk on the Land fide ; but the Sea remaining open to the Be. fiegcd, they fent out a Squadron of fix Ships, and one Gaily, bcfides fcveralfmallVelTels, againft Monfieur C'/j<2//?r^, Admiral oi GuiejitiCy whom they engaged in the Port oi Brouagc, and after an obftiuate and ^''« French bloody Dilpute, w herein many Men were flain on both fides, the . ^^^/J'ro- fcparatcd, and left the Vidtory uncertain; but loon after a Squadron cheiicrs .»- ofthcKing'.s under the Sicurs de St.Luc and Razilly, defeated ^''^'' thirty Ships of the Rochellers near the Iflc of /?t'; while, in the rt» Rochslw mean time, the Duke of Soubtzey at the Head of the Rochellers '^^^ dcfiMi. forces, took Royan upon the GaronnCy ravaged the lllands of Ole- '1'J;uJ"pu. m iwii At gcntatiy landed in MedoCy and laid waftc the Country; «». uhcncc retreating, he penetrated into XaintongCy and thence re- tiring to the Iflands of R'le and Mont, fituate amongft Marlhcs and Canals on the Coaft oi Lower 'PoiSioti, there fortified himllir, and became lb formidable, that the King himfclf marched in Pcrlbn a- ''■:" ^ffi^h gainflhim; upon whole Approich, and I'reparations to attack him, .j"'//'//!/" he thought fit to retire, and got fafe into Roche lie \ but fifteen oi ouk-. of Sou- liis Ships which were left alhore at low Water fell into the King's '"'''%„^ Hands with the People on board, who were all coiidcmnM to the laUi fevral Gallics. Upon this Succefs the French King ordered Rochcllc to be ■'/ ^'' ^^'P'- again inverted, the Blockade whereof had been for fomc time diicon- Rocheiicw- tinued, and to cut off its Communication with the S?a, dircdcd the I'fj^^J,^'* Duke of Gui/e to come before it with forty Men of War, and twelve Gallics, who accordingly putting to Sea, made the bcfl of his way for that Place. The RochellerSy with their Fleet, lay ready at the hit de I'Oye, in the Ifle oi' Rtfy to give the King's Ships Batrcl, and I ^';iy ■;:• ijii l|V>l 318 Naval TranfaBions Jince the Book III. I ChapX A. D. i6ix and on their Approach bravely engaged them, and fought with kh Refolution, that they held the Viftory long doubtftil, but were at T/>« Rochei- length forced to yield to fuperior Numbers, and retire with theLofs ««/« 7,T of ten Ships, and fifteen hundred Men. Soon after this enl'ucd a Peace between the contending Parties, but it proved but of fliort Duration, and the Duke of Soubize put- ting to Sea from RochelUj repaired to Blavet, or Port St. Louis, 161;. in BretagnCy and feizing the Ships the Duke of Guife had laid up there, made himfelf alio Mafter of the Town ; but failing in his Enierprize on the Citadel, and the Duke of Vendojme^ Governor of the Province, marching towards that Place, he quitted it, and retir- ing to his Ships, proceeded thence to the Tdis de Medocy on the Coaft of Guienney where he poireffed himfelf of Chaftilleny and o- ther Places on the Garonne. Being at length obliged to quit thofe Soubize /orfi'renciw/a ny Other Ships in the Port; mean while the Archbilhop of Bour- "i"^'ni''"to I ^^^"^y being rcrurncd from the Mediterranean, Icourcd the Sea- ^P^i'ni'ar','!L/ Coafts wich the Flcct under his Command, and in the Port of Gi/f. art lorcti li taria, near St. Sclfajiian's, burnt fourteen Galleons and three fri- """■ gdtcs, befidcs Icvcral othcr VefTcls. But the two Generals bcfore- uientioncd differing about carrying on of the Sie(^c of Foiitardia, whicii they had inverted, the Spaniards refuming new Courage, vi- goroufly rcpullbd them, and forced them to retire within their Froo- ticrs w itii a very confiderable Lois. The Marquis de Breze had, Ibmc time after, better Fortune with the Flcct then under hi: Command, who cruifing with cue and twenty Sail o(f the Streights Mouth, and having uuderftood by an £«i^'/i(/^ Merchant Ship, which he had relcued from a Pirate of Sally, that the Spanijh Flota, dcHgned for the IVeft- Indies, cou- fjfting of fix and thirty Sail of Ships, befides twelve Galleons, lay in the Bay of Cadiz, ready to fail with the firft fair Wir.J, he con- tinued in the Ofling of that Place, and engaged them on their com- ing out with liich Succeli, that he iiuik the Admiral Galleon, de- llroyed four others with his Firefliips, and lb difabled the whole '"bi i"' -^'^ Fleet, that many of the Ships funk before they could get back in- e i.e . iM- ^^ ^1^^ g^^ ^^. (j^j-^^ i^^jj jj^j. Marquis following them, gcncroully took up the Men, and let them on Ihore. In 1641, the lame Om- ccr being at the Head of the Fleet in the Mediterranean, where he was to ad: on the Coafts of Spain in concert with the Army under the Marflial de laJSIothe, for the Redudtion of Catalonia, bi'rntfc- veral of the Spanijh Gallics i.i the Gulph of Valencia, and engag- rtc Spaniards ing the rcft of their Fleet before Barcelona, he, after a long and ^'■""'h'''\ fierce Dilputc, which lafted two Days, obtained the Vi<5ory, with Barcelona."^ thc Lofs of Only fouf hundtcd Men on his fide; but to theJ/tf- niards of near two thouland. Upon the Death of the Cardinal Richelieu thc following Year, the laid Marquis de Breze, who was his Nephew, faccecded him in the Office of Great Matter, Chief, and Superintcndant General of the Navigation and Commerce of France. Some time after which an Army being marched into Italy againft thc Spaniards, a Fleet was lent to thc Coafts of that Country, under thc Command of the lame Marquis, who cugaging thc Enemy's Gallics before Or- b'ltello, 1640. 1\)c French / li able the S) mill Vleet 1641, i/ff//i), on th( he uus himlcl Thc Civil I nuing for Ibn that u-c licar ' j666,whcn, ii Kine, who cl Bm^ort to j( ihc Scene was ^^\nih Vic Wir, niannctl rccn hundred Duke of Tork itSikky, bii Crtcl, and Ic thc l-ofs of tv [ninit, and th< freiicli Fleer, val Eiiijagcmci (Icr Prince Ru otlicr ciiluing more particul.1 iSt'mi. In I niand of TJe / diicrraiicaii, i unit General incnts with tl iicirlicr fide cc 'Di'R;iytcr rcc Soiuc time a of thc Frcncl. out with a KIc of rhcir Cruifci t,';cy hoped to 1/1/ '^^ii'fiie \\c\ tiUil'ott: Wl ccpt of a Pcac rlicm. Thc i ditions coinmi I'licc, and th of thc Town ; which hroughl III 1^84 haj Fleer, under tl we have airet piibhck: And \cnmicnt of that Place, a that People as the rwuh Sis Bo^^ I Cha p. XIV. Rjiiti of the Rom. Empire. 321 hittllo on rhc Coaft o^TiiJcanj^ his Fleer obraincd the Vi'ilory, but '/«^p'ni.iich he ttMS himlblf (lain in the Adion i>y a Canno.i-B,,ll. Z!^,i'Z- Thc Civil Dincnfions which ciifucd Ihortly alter in France coiui- .;«" ii^: Ui<./.J pyj„n for Ibmc Years, wholly employed thole People by I. and, lb ^''""^^ ^. that Vc hear nothing more of chcir Naval Traiilac^ions till the Year ,566, when, in the VVar between the Engitjh and 'Dntch, the French "'''"• Mni,', «'ho cipoulcd the Caule of the latter, ordered the Duke dc rht I'rench #. Bci!t(ortto join them with his Fleet. Bur in tlie next ''Dutch^ix '^^^J'^^^'^' ^ tbcSccnc was greatly changed, and the French King lent the Count i.ngi.ud'.' J'K//m';, Vice- Admiral oi France, with eight and forty Men of Wir, manned with eleven thouland Men, anil mounted with nine- teen hundred and twenty Guns, to join the F.ngl'ifl) Fleet under the t;'" l-'rcn^'i Duke of fork ; in coiijmidi m with whom they engaged the 'Dutch j'l," „'.XJy"^' iiSMtSi but, in the Heat of the Engagement, ijuittcd the Line oi the l)iucii, llrtel. and left the Duke cxpolcd to the 'Dntch, tho' not without , '"" thcl-ofs of two of their heu Ships, one of eighty Guns, whicli was i.-/c,i, burnt, and the other of ibvcnty, which was funk. However the I'rmli Hccf, under the lame Admiral, bore a part in the next Na- val Em^agcmcnt, which happen'd in 1673, between the Fr/t^/i/b un- , ■fin- der Prince Rupert, and the -Dutch unAcx De Rnyter, as alio in the '^j,^]}^'^.. other ciiliiing Adlions which happcn'd the laiueYcar, as will be nil, ^^.^.h." n'.orc particularly related in the Account of our own Naval Tranl- i&mi. In 1676, the ^Dtttch lending a Squadron under the Com- '^''^• minJof ©^. rhcm The next Year, upon account of the like Piratical Deprc- "^'8i. dition? committed by thole of Algier, Du ^lefne went before that I'licc, and threw in liich a Number of Bombs as ruined moft part ^*" Fren '; of the Town; and the followmg Year renewed the Bombardment, i'",!'"^ ' ' which brought the Alqerines alfo to his Terms. i^Sj. \\\\(^l\ happoned the Bombardment of Genoa, by the French 1684. Fleet, under the Dircdtions of the Marquis de Semtelay, of which «c have already given Account among the Affairs of that Re- piibliek: And next Year, upon new Differences with the Go- vcrnmcat of Tripoli^ the Marllial d' Eftrees repaired before ifs,-. that Place, and threw in eleven hundred Bombs, which forced i^*" '''^"' tnat I'copic again to accept of a Peace, whereby they gave up all {onti u a the fw;t/j Slaves they had, and engaged to pay five hundred thou- ^"^"■ T c land ;v w- III It iw- •i,: •fted ty thi I'rench 322 Naviil TratifaBions Jince the Book III. ' if'^h iand Crowns for the Prizes they had taken. In 1687 ihoJimines having broken their late Peace, the French Ships criufcd aMind ^■•'"^'17 "" them, and, near Ceuta^ after a fharp Dispute, liink their Vice Ad- ^ miral, having killed thirty of the Men on board, and taken ninety Prilbncrs : And in the Clolc oK the lame Year the Marquis d'Am- frevilk; commanding a /'rcwr/^ Squadron, ran one of tlicir Ships of thirty fix Guns aJhore in Sardinia^ and took n-.oft of her Com pany Prilbners. Soon after this happened the Revolution in England, which, for the part the ^Diitch had in it, bringing on the French Kind's' De- claration of War ai;ainft Holland in 1688, before the Clolc of that Year, two of hib Ships of War in the Mediterranean, after an obftinatc Fight, took two 'Dutch Ships coming from Meffina to Leghorn, the one a Man of War, and the other a Turkey Mcrdiant Ship of a very confidcrable Value. Shortly after which he declaring War alio againft England , the Naval Actions of the French fmce that time have been chicPy with our own Countrymen in the two iaft Wars, and are at large accounted for in the fourth and fifth Books of this Hiftory. I ess. 'I he liencli take nvo Dutcli ships Hi the Med,- tenanean, France di- clares War a- gainfi Er.ji- Und. i 'ilr Oifervationi on the early Kaval Vi-rce cf li-e liri- tains. Chap. XV. Of the Naval fVars of the Englifli, from the Jirjl kmvjn Times of Britain, to the Norman Conqueji. AFTER having thus taken a View of the Naval Tranfaftions of the reft of the World, 'tis time we now come to thereof our own Nation, which appeared very early at Sea, and has been one of the moft fruitful in Naval Events. Altho', in my Opinion, all particular Accounts of Britain, and its Affairs, before the Time of Julius Cafar, are defcrvedly explo- ded as fabulous yet (as Mr. Selden has ingciiioufly obfervcd) from the Memoirs that great Man has left us of his Wars in Gaul, it may be very fairly concluded that the Britains were, long before Cafar's Time, Matters of a confidcrable Sea Force : For upon oc- cafton of that (harp Naval War, (taken Notice of in the firft Book of this Hiftory) which the Veneti, or People of Fames, waged a- gainft him, he obfcrves that they not only received Aid therein from Britain, but alio (Ipeaking of the great Power of thofe People a- bove the reft of the Gauls in thoie Parts) fays they were Mafters of great Numbers of Ships, with which they ulcd to navigate to that Iftand. And Ipeaking in another Place of his Motives for making an Expedition to Britain, and the Steps he took preparatory there- to, to gain proper Intelligences of the Country, he lays he was at a great Lois in his Enquiries therein of the Gauls, becaufe the^ri- fains permitted none but Merchants to vifit their Country, and they only Book III. 7 the Menkes cruifcd againft their Vice Ad- id taken ninety VTarquis d'Am- : of tlicir Ships 'ft of her Cora ind, which, for 'tich King's Dc- c the Clofc of rancaii, after an ;om MeJJIu to urkcy Mcrcliaar ich he declaring le French fmce men in the two burth and fifth I iqucfi. ;Ji»,. 'I Jd\ Tranfaftions ame to thofc of and has been f Britain, and :fervedly cxplo- obferved) from irs in Gaul, it :rc, long before For upon oc- 1 the firft Book itines, waged a- Ud therein from thofe People a- ;y were Matters navigate to that ivcs for making :paratory there- iays he was at )ccaufe the^r;- uutry, and they only 4 ¥]m ' ii^^ Nl m qui'iitly of t pic llill rem Chap XV. Rn/n of thcRom. Empire. onUiliolc Pjrts of their Coafls which lay over a^amn 0'/»*/. This 1^11,1 In, is Mr. Sctdin ari^iics, it is not to be joubtcil but that, bciiJculic IJoats nruic of Wicker and Hides, cllcvvhcrc taken notice olbv (-\ in punilhment of their Revolt, had put to Death then whole Senate, (in which were included all the I'eopic of any Rank orCoiifiJcration among them, lb that their Merchants were conlc- qui'iitly of the Nuiubci) though there were Multitudes (tf that Peo- ple llill rcmainini;, who were made Slaves, yet was there nor one tobctbmul among them who was acquainted with any Port o\ lUi- ttin, as is plain trom the lame ('.ajar ; but how that could poffi- bly be true, (continues Mr. Sciditi) can by no means be cnmprc- hcudcd, if the Naval Power of the l^emti^ which ulcd to (ail thi- ther, was more confidcrablc than that of the Btitains, nor unlcls (kl)Uiifh Sea Force was greatly fiipenor to that of the I'ineti. Nor need it appear ftrangc, that in (Jttjar'^ Expedition to HtitatHy loon aftitr the Rcdudlion of that People, there were no Ships found on our Coafts to oppolc him, or that the Roman Writers make mention of no orhcr than VcflTcIs made of Wicker : ♦or the Feiicfiy in their Naval Battel with Brutus., haid affcmblcd togevher all the Ships which could any where be found amongd thcmfelvcj, or their Allies. Now if the Brttijh Fleet which was fcnt for to their Aid wa,s amongft that Number, (as certainly it was) it was all lofl: be- fore the Arrival of CxJ'ar ; for the whole Strength of rhc yeucti pctilhcd in the iorelaid Naval Engagement, as he cxprcHily fays. And after the Romans had rednced the Idand to their Obedience, ic i5 not to be imagined they would have fuflcred the Natives to be Mjfters of any Ships of Force ; whence it is that the Roman Wri- ters, after the Time of Cafttr, take notice of no other but thole Velfcls made of Wicker and Hides. Agreeable to thcle Realbnings of Mr. Selden's are the SencirrKnts of the learned Monficur Htfet upon this Point, who fays, in his Trcatifc of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients, that when the firi fains aided the Ganh againft the ^<9w««j-, • which they often did, as C^ffar himlelf affirms, and in particular when they aflifted the People of f^annes, it is not to be luppoled that they fought againft the Romans in Leathern Boats, or that they lent their Men thither without furnilhing them with Ships fit for Naval Engagements, it being rational to believe that, Iccing their Enemies had ftrong Ships of War, they would en- deavour to imitate them, for their own Prelcrvation and Ad- vantage. Although C^/ar met with all the Succefs he could reafonably ex- pcft in his two Expeditions to Britain , (the Particulars whereof are before related among the Roman Affairs) yet the Romans made Tc I no 323 ' I I. X'i I I MW :m W\ W\ 11 \\ I- : "i l!ll m JiiMus ARri- Cot.1 (CtfC! il ■ A. D. 79- Arjiefey. 324 Naval TranfacHofis fwcc the Book III. no Account of piirfuing their Coiiqucfts therein till the Time of ClaiuliHS, which Emperor undertook an Expedition thither in Perfon and having reduced great part of the Ifland to the Form oi'zPoman A, D. 44- Piovince, returned to Rome, where celebrating a Triumph for the fiimc, he cauled a Naval Crown to be hung up in the Imperial Pa- lace, in token that he had fubdued the Briri/h Ocean. Tlantim who was one of his principal Officers in this Expedition, he left to rule the Province in quality oVProfrator, who was luccecdcd, in Order, by OJhrins, TJidius, Verauius, 'taulinus, and others, who foughc i'everal Battels wich :hc Britahis with various Succefs. At length, in the Reign of Vejpafian, Julius Agr'tcola, a Perfon of great Skill and Experience, as well in Civil as Military Affairs, was lent to govern the Province, who arriving in Britain about the end of Summer, (a Time when other Generals begin to look out for Winter- Quarters) immediately proceeding with his Troops towaids the Iflc oi ' Mona, icparated from the main Land by an Arm of the Sea, at once marched them through the Shallows, and i!cre.h:n!thc pcncttatcd into the Ifland; which the Inhabirants looking upon as Ilk '/ Angle- ^ j^ji^j qj.- jvijracic, were pretently terrified into Obedience, as think- ing it vain to refift him to whom the Sea itlelf Icemed to give way, ami aflbrd a fafe PafTagc 'hrough its Waves. The Redudion of this iinall Ifland was looked upon to be of (iich Importance, thziA^rU coU is prailed for his great Mod'^'Tion, in not adorning with Lau- rel his Letters to the Senate, givu.g an Account of his Succefs ; for ib did their Generals Letters ufe to be decked which brought Ad- vice of any extraordinary Advantage. The Romans were however yet unacquainted with the more Northern parts oi Britain, and.*^- ^-■"' iHtl'in S,*'^'^^^^ being very defirous to know its utmofl Boundaries, and wfie- 'uii'iiiijUnd thcr it were an Ifland, or joined to the Continent, he afTembled a Fleet at the Ifle of Mona, which he ordered to coaft along to the Northward, but conftantly to keep fo near the Land, as that every Night it might be in fight of the Body of Troops which marched along the Coafls on the iiime Defign. Purluing this Route, the Fleet and Army in a Ihort time came to the Gulph of G/?^<2, (now theFirthof Clyd) where ylgricola being arrived, and underftanding that oppo- fitc thereunto, on the Eaflcrn fide of the Ifland, there was another great Inlet of the Sea, called Bodotria, (now the Firth of Forth) he fortified the Space between with Caftles and Garrilbns. After which having Icveral bloody Engagements with the Inhabitants of thofe Parts, wherein they were at length totally "defeated, he became ablblute Matter of all the Country on this fide of the Firths, and, by his Fortifications between them, fliut the Natives out, as it were, into another Ifland; and nowrefblviug entirely to fatisfy hisCu- riofity, as to the Extent of the Country, and to penetrate to the ut- tcrmoft Ends of the Earth, (as the Ancii nrs fuppoled the extreme . Parts oi Britain nuift be) he again lent out the Fleet, which pro- ceeding Northward from the Firth of Clyd, went about the Orkneys, b RichSorow 2jjj coming round thence to the *" Tortus Trutukttjis, from whence wTch. "^ it firft departed, difcovercd to the Romans thit Britain was an Ifland. Agricola\ Reduction, and Settlement of fo much of this Ifland in a J peaceable ! AgricoU. Under icveral fuccecding Emperors WC' meet but with little men- tion oi Britain, and of its Naval Alfairs nothing, fave that in the Rcion oi Antoninus Tins, it appears, from the Digcft, that one j'f/w Saturninus was Commander ■ iii Chief of the Roman Fleet here. Under !7)/'"^/lilhed feven K! ;^doms, they were at length all united into one Monarchy in ihe Perlon of Egbert. That Prince began his Reign over the Weft-Saxons, in the Year 8co, at which time the 'Danes, brought down by the juft Dilpen- 800. fations of Heaven, to retaliate^ in great part, upon i\\Q Saxons what f,^^ j^"g'j_ they had caufed the Britains to fuller, made their fiift Expedition t tin. to The Saxons invited /oBri- t.iin. A. D. 4J0. ,1'-.*' Kiti 11 m rgh(rtii'.»(j the IJnncs antjh Leaders, loft their Lives. Ethelred was fuccccdcd by his younger Brother Alfred, who wifely refledingthat his PredecefTbrs N^ledt of their Naval Affairs for iome time paft had expolcd the Country to the Attempts of the Danes, fitted out a Fleet, and obtained fcvcral fignal Advantages over the Enemy, which, with the Lofs of a hundred and twenty of their Ships, partly by Storm, and partly deftroycd by rhe Enijii^', on the Coalts of 'Devon/hire, reprcfled their Inlbiencics for lomc time. But at length thole of them who were fettled in Northum- berland, and among the Eaft Angles, equipping a Number of Gal- lies, lent them round intb the Chanel, to cruiie on the Coafts of the Weft Saxons. Whereupon King Alfred built a Number ot Gal- lics, twice as long as thole uliial in thele times, fomc whereof had % lixry great Mif- chitf, but are forced to re- treat. 866. The Danes come a^ain to England. Ethelred flam. Alfred bealt the Da:ic& at Sea. Book III. I ChapXV. Riiifiofthe^onx Empire. 327 iffcrcnr Parts of tland, and a 10. "8 tlic adjacent ving thcmlilvcs they were loon cm at that time ;xt Year landing Saxons a great ey failed round /jjas thciffiw/j hey jointly pro. It received a to- 1 a confidcraWc res Mouth, and lade ExcurlioQs the very Gates :c by King £^. ng e'er they rc- )r other of the id Ihoiild wc re- td, which more l^ert then reign- rec hundred and by, landed their ic with Fire and •eat Overthrow, without Dc%a This theyac- 'ith a numerous 3 Brothers; and fiderabie, under :le joining their 1 of the whole ing, with whom one of which iders, loft their r yflfretit who ir Naval Affairs Utcmpts of the nal Advantages and twenty of )y the En^lijh, :ucies for iomc d in Nor t hum- dumber of Gal- 1 the Coafts of *Jumbcr of Gal- whereof had (ixty fi^tvOars, and Ibmc more, and were of a peculiar Built, of the King's „n I) invention, bciiu'; 'joth higher, fwiftcr, and Headier, iaysmyAu- ,|i,ir, than tlioic or tithcr the 'Danes or Frifous. Thcic meeting „iili the Enemy olfthc iHc of //'/ij/j/, a Iharp Engagement cniiied jji-iAixt them, wlicrcin at Iciigfh, not without a confidcrablc Lois ;/,c n.iniili (n)[\\cEi/gii//-> Side, the 'Danes were defeated, all their Ships being '■'"' "w cithcr takc'n or funk, and the Men that cleaned the Slaughter were '|, ',]"', [j]' ''' fjkcn Priloiiers, and executed by the Englijh as Pirates. In this '^ ' rmicc'sTiinc alio Rollo the Norman coming with a numerous Fleet ,(,,1,^, ^^,^ ftoiii the North, landed on the Englijh Coafts, but met with lb Norm.in warm a Reception, that he thought fit immediately to retire to his |"'.'' '" ''"S- Ships and ii,o to leek Adventures in other Parts. ^','V;,; ^"'^ Yh'ard and Athcljian, who next fucceeded in Order, had Ic- sid luccrlsful Rencounters at Sea with the Danes \ but Edgar wlioamc to the Crown in *)<)*), far furpafTcd all his PredcccfTors in i>y,. Naul Glory, and provided himfelf a Navy of no Icis than three ^"!-'>' '',''' thoiilaiid and ^\\ hundred Sail, and thofe for that Age all llout Ships. ^sm.'K-th""* XhisForcc was divided into three Fleets, each of twelve hundred Sail, which he kepr in conflant Rcaihncis for Service, one on the Eaftcrn Coall, another on the Wertcrn, and the third on the Northern Coafts of the Kingdom, to defend thcin againft the Depredations of the 'Dmih and Norman Pirates, and Iccurc the Navigation of the adja- cent Seas: Which that he might the more cffcdually do, he every Year, after the Fcftival ot'EaJ/cr, went on board the Fleet on the Eaftcrn Coaft, and iailing Wcftward with it, Icoured the Chanel of Pirates, and having looked into all the Ports, Bays, and Creeks be- tween the 77j<2W^j Mouth and the Land's End, quitted this Fleet and fcfltitback; and going on board the Wcftern Fleet did the like in thole Parts, as alio on the Coafts oi Ireland, and among the Hcbri- ies, or Wcftern Iflands ; where being met by the Northern Fleet, k went on board the lame, and came round to the Thames ATouth, thuscncompafTing all his Dominions, and providing for the Securi- ty of their Coafts. This he did for the whole fixtccn Years of his Mffi; and as a more fignal Declaration of his Power at Sea, going once to keep hisCourt at Cbejier., he liimmoned thither all the Kings who liclJ of him, to wit, Kenneth King of Scotland, Malcolm of Cmkrlaiid, Maccnfe of the IJhs, and five Kings of ITales, and going on board his Barge caul'cd each of them to take an Oar, ;.nd torow him down the KwcrDee, while he himlelf fate in the Stern, and held the Rudder ; thus, in a lore of folcmn Triumph, aftcrting "" hisRight to that Sea-Dominion, derived from his Anceftors, which has been from him lb happily tranlinittcd down (with the Conicut of all the Neighbouring Nations) to his latcft Succeflors, and Ihall, I trail, coutiime with them fo long as the Sea it Iclf (hall endure. The 'Danes, who in the Reign of this valiant Prince had remained more quiet, when he was dcceafed, and his Son Ethelred arac to iht Dines thcTiironc, renewed their Hoftilitic;, and coming over in Swarms rc^tv- their committal great Spoil on the Coafts- Againft whom Ethelred^ af- l'l'f'l''J"„y tcr the Example of his Father, prepared a powcrfiil Navy, caufuig KiheireiJ "I every rhrcc hundred and ten Hides of Laud in the Kingdom a Ship ■»»[ I ii J'l/ti ."i'lii i ' il 328 Naval TranfaBions fince the Book III. m u I V! Ethelrcd'/ Kavy tie- ftroycd hy TenipcJI, 'Ihe IJanes majj'acred. Swain rtdu- cts greattfl ftrt o/Eng- knd. Ethelred for. ces Knute fromUndfcy. Knulc reliirni and the lins- liili Fleet re- volts to him. Knute leavtt the KingJotn to Harold. 1042.. Edward ike Confejjor cho- fert King of England. Godwin Farl of Kent re- ■volts. Harold, Sort of Earl God- win, /«ff«rfj to the Crown. Tulli with the King of Norwjy in- vades Kng- land, tut arc defeated. X)xi< William tlaims the Cro'.vn of England. Ship to be built; which however met with but ill Succefs, bciniifcr the mod part cither deltroycd by Tcrapcfts, or, through NcpIc(J rcnder'd uulcrviccablc againft the Enemy. So powerful were thcv uow grown here, and fo odious to the People, that nothin" Ids than a general MafTacc of them could '(iitisfy, and accordingly the Dc- fign was put in Execution, without Regard to Age or Sex. To re- venge this Treatment of his Countrymen, Siiuaine, King ot 2)f«. mark, comes over with a numerous Fleet, and met wirh inch oocd SucceP;, that forcing Ethelred to retire into Ncrmaudy, iic made hirafclf Mafter of the grcatcft Part of the Kingdom ; but dying looii after, Ethelred returned, and being prclcntly furniflicd with a con- fiderablc Force, repaired to Lind/ey, where he fct upon Kfiutetk Son oi Swaine, with his Father's Shipping and Hoflagcs, and forced him to betake himlclf to the Sea, and retire to his own Comirry- but Knute did not long continue there, for, w ithin the Year, lie came back with a more powerful Fleet and Army to Saiidzicb where Edric, who had the Command of Ef heir ed's Fleet, revolted to him with forty Ships; and landing at that Place, he met withfo good Succcl's that in a lliort time he made hinilelf Mafter of the whole Kingdom, and after a long and happy Reign, left it to Ha- rold his eldefl Son ; who was iucccedcd by Hatdikmite, Harold's half Brother, the laft of the 'Danijh Kings in England. Upon that Prince's Death in 1041, Fldiz'ard, the Son of the late King Ethelredy was cholcn King by joint Conlcnt of the People, who were not a little influenced in their Choice by God'vuin Earl of Kent, a Perfbn of great Sway in thofe Times, who Ibiiie while al- ter difagrccing with the King, retired from Court, and betaking him- felf to Sea, got together a confiderablc Fleet, with which he com- mitted great Spoil on the Coafts, took fevcral Ships, and at length coming up to London, forced the King to grant him his Pardon on his own Terms. The Earl's Son Harold, upon the DeccafeofKing Edvjard, fucceeded to the Crown, who was hardly Icated en the Throne, when his own Brother Tofti joining with Harfager, King oi' Nor'-ji.'oy, againft him, invaded England with a great Navy, and bnding at Tinmouth, marched their Army into the Heart of the Kingdom ; but Harold foon repairing againft them, they came to a Battel, wherein their Forces were utterly defeated, and Topi and Harfager both flain. JVilliam, furnamed the Bajiard, Duke of Normandy, having Pretcnfions to the Crown of England, founded on the Laft Will of the late King Edward, had juft before this Invafion fent to demand oi Harold the Surrender of the Kingdom to him, and to lupport that Demand in Cafe of Refiifal, which he was fure to meet with, got ready a confiderablc Fleet and Army. To provide for his Secu- rity againft this Force, Harold repaired to Sandwich, where he went on board his Fleer, and failing thence to thelfle oi Wight, difpolcd Icveral Bodies of Men, as he went along the Coafts, in the Places w here 'twas likely the Enemy would attempt to land. While he was employed in this manner, he received Advice of the Deiccntof his Brother in the North, whereupon thinking no time Ihould he loll I, 1. ^^^ I oi^VI. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 329 uccds, being tot :hrougli Ncglc(3, ■crful were they nothing lets than ordingly the Dc- or Sex. To rc- ?, King of 'Den. c wirli liich gocd w-v;/ having fettled in Ppacc, aiu' left a Depjcy there to aJminiUci- the Government:, he rcturnGtl triumphantly to Engl.ind. His Son anil SncccfTor Rich^tit I. cntnng into the Holv VvV, in Conjundtion witii 'Pbi/ip 11. oi France ^ fitted out iroin lijs Rcihn oi En(^laihi, and his Dominions in Frauco^ z F''':et of a lui'vjrcd and thirty Sliips, and fifty Gallics, under the Command oti ho Arch- bifliop of Auxerre, the Birt'.op oi' Bayon/ie, Robert di SalmS, am! Richard de ('aitvilc, which having ordered to iail to the Mediter- ranean, he himlcif went overland to Marfcilk's^ and piocccdlng thence to Sicily, there embarked, and made the beft of his Way thence for Syria. Arriving oft' of Cyprus, he was forced by bad Weather to nut in to th.t Ifland, where being refuled the Freedom of landing, nc forcibly attacked if, and in few Days rcciucing the whole Country to his Obedience, appointed Richard do Cmivih', and Robert dc- Tttrnham, Govi-riiors thereof ; when going over to 6\i. ria he landed there, and joining the French King, alrculy anivcil, laid Siege to Acre, then licld by the Sultan of Aigyft, ordering his Fleet to lie before it, to prevent its receiving any Succours by Sa. Notwithftanding whicli, the Enemy endeavouring with their N;v\i| Force to throw ibmc Relief into ir, the EiigUJh engaged and entirely defeated them, iakingmoft of their Ships, and in them two huudrcd and fifty Grappling Jrons a great Number of Veflels full oi'L^nis Gracus (a Compofition of Pitch, Sulphur, Tartar, and other com- buRiblc Matters that wou'd burn even in the Water) together with fcveral Pot', full of live Serpents, all which they had provided for the Deftrudion of the Englijh, but by the Suddenncls ofthcVifto- ry were deprived of the Opportunity of ufing them. Immediarely upon this, no Hopes of Suev.-ouis apueariiig, Acre was iiirrendcr'd to King Richard, loon aflcr which he was, by nniverfal Confcnt, cholcn Captain-General of all th.^ Chriftian Forces in Afia; where having obtained leveral glorious SucccfTcsagainn; the Infidels lie was at length called home by the intcltinc Divifions in England, occa- fioned by his Brother John, who in xi9y fucceeded him in the Throne. Upon Occafion of the Difputes between this King and his Cler- gy, the Pope having by his Bull deprived him of his Dominions, and transferred all Right and Title to them from him to the King of France, that Prince got together a great Fleet and Army, in order to take PofTeflion of the Pope's Donative. Whereupon King '/''^''•' providing for his Defence againft this Storm, afTembled an Army of fixty thoufand Men, with a Fleet greatly liipcrior ro that of the French ; but upon his Submifiion fbon after to the Pope, he was reftored to, all his Rights; and the French King, being forbid by his Holineis to proceed on this Expedition, turned his Arms againil the ^xd oi Flanders, for having rciulcd to accompany him in the Proiceution of his Dcfign againft England, and taking part with King 'John, who thereupon lent over to the AiTiflance of the faid Earl his Fleet, confiding of five hundred Sail, under the Coamiand of the Earls of Salisbury and Boulogne; and they attaekiiiP, the French Chap. XVI. Kiiin of the Kcm. Empire. 331 Frtncb Flccc on the Coafl of Flanders, near 'Damme, entirely de- "■•"c. J"hn fcjtcd the lame, and then landing their Troops, forced the King of i''icnch1'/«/. Franci to retire with great Lois into his Dominions. Kin^ John was lucceedcd by his Son Henry, the Third of that Namf, whofc long Reign paflld without any remarkable Occurrence atS:i: But his Succeflbr Ed'^ard \, upon the French King's attack- inn his Dominions in France, fitted our a Fleet of three hundred and iixry Sail, which, with a confid-rablc Land Force, he lent over to Guknne, under the Command of the Earls of Lancajier, Lin- \:,\^■^^^\ i. fj/v, and Richmond. Arriving in the Garonne, they in a ftiort time j'ucefsfMi a- icduccd the Towns of Bourg and Blaye, upon that River, and rai- ^"'"^ 'ranee. fiiwtlic Sic^t oi Bourdeaux, at length forced the Enemy entirely to ijuit the King's Territories. At the fame time were employed at Jiomc, three Squadrons for the Defence of the Coafts againft any Uru squa- Attempts that the French might make there, one on the Eaftern drom he/>t « Coall, called the Tarmouth Squadron, under John de Botetort ; a- f.'^^^'^*' nothcr on the Southern Coaft, called the ^ortfinouth Squadron, "° ' ' commanded by IVtUiam de Leyburne ; and the third on the Weftern Coafts, and thole oi Ireland, under the Condudt of an Irifh Knight, not named. Under Edward II, who next came to the Crown, John Oturwin, Nicholas Kyricl, and John de Felt on, were em- ployed in thofe Commands, and, on occafion of another War with Fmce, took a hundred Sail of Norman Ships. This Prince having ^'" Engiiai manied Ifabel the Daughter of Thilip the Fair, and after her Fa- taii^lZny ther's Death, her three Brothers, Lewis, Th'lif, ^v\A Charles, who Nurman were fucccflively Kings of France, dying without Ifllie, the Right ^'"^'• of kceeding to that Crown, did of Conlequence devolve to Queen Ifibel^ and in Right of her to her Son Edward I IF, who, upon theRefignation of his Father, in 1317, had been crowned King of iH^lmd. But the French, under Colour of their pretended Salique Lawpadinghimby, fctup Kin^'Phili^ VI, furnamed^f ValoU. King Edward, in Prolccution of his juft Caufe, declared War a- Edward ill. gaiDli 'Philip, and pafling over to France with a great Army, ob- ^'tUre^var «- rained leveral Advantages, and having drawn the People of Flan- ^"'"^ krs into an Alliance with him, returned to England to provide a (Irong Reinforcement for the more eiFcdual carrying on the War. Ik French in the mean time having fitted out feveral Ships, com- mitted great Depredations on the Coaft of England, and having Advice that the King was ready to proceed with his Forces to Flan- im, they alTembled their whole Navy in the Port of Sluys, in or- der to cppofe his Landing in thofe Parts. The Englijh Fleet, ne- verthelels, corfifting of two hundred and ftxty Sail, having received the King with the "Troops on board, let Sail from the Downs, and aniviug near Sluys, ftund the French Ships in three Divifions, dil- posdin Order of Battel. When they were come up within a con- venient Diftancc of each other, the King having the Advantage of Ue EngiiOi tlieWind, made the Signal to engage, whereupon the Englijh, let- '^'riom, tht ting up loud Huzzas, poured out from their Long-Bows (uch Show- '^^^'^^^^^"^ «fs of Arrows upon the Enemy as immediately covered their Decks with dead Bodies ; and then boarding the French Ships, purfued U u r their 1317. 1 1-1 I. f^- ■a > It inHln h /if ije /» Tour- my. Jvlwaid af- JlJIs til Vi'iks f/'Bretagiie. 332 Naval Tranfatlwns jince the Book 111. | Chap- X their Advantage with fiich Vigour, that in few Hours they gained a complete Virc- parti 111 i/i- ■la.le IriiiCL', and obtains a great t'iflory at C'lclFy. Some Sp.iiiifti .V/j;/'! piik 0- thers of I'ing- land. Book III. ■ Chap. X VI. Ktm of the Rom, E?/ipire. 333 Jrs they gained a 3f four thoulind ndrcd and thirty re drowned; for ^Hg//Jh Arrows, :he Sea, and pc- at iin I'cinbriiki; »- %eic< me at Rochcile liy the 1 rtiich 'I'i'l Spanifli Fle:ti. tl'e ItciicIi ami Scots un' Ifji England. JoIinPhilpot j'urci-jifiil at it.l. Iity, in order to intercept them in their Pafface. Off of fVinchel- (cnks fc" in with the Spanijh Fleet, coiififiing of four and forty jjij of large Carracks, which, compared with thole of the En^lijf?y ucrelikc floating Caftles. Approaching each other, there enlucd a bloody Engagement , wherein, after a long and ob(\inate Dilpute, fl,j £))j/i)» Archer"! proving too hard for the Spanijh Crols bow Men, the King obtained a complcat Vidlory, taking feventccn of the Enemy's Ships, the reft with difficulty cicapiug under covert of the Night But Ibrae time after this the Earl of 'Pembroke repairing with a ftrong Squadron to the Relief of Rochelle, then befieged by the frtnch^ received a great Overthrow before that Place from the united fleet of the /7v»f A Sind Sfaniardi y who took the laid Earl Prilbncr, and pofTelTed themlclvcs of all his Ships, as wc have in another Place obfervcd. King £ ^ ! J if I Irt' Tht I'liglllli ravage the Coafts of Scotland. 1437- Henry V. Ijiidi in hi.incc, »nii fi^hti tht Lai let at AgiH- court. Harflcur m- and Land hi ih$ trench. 3 34 Naval Tra7ifattwm ftncc the Book 111 ihcl'ownlmcn, aiul tliolc ot the neighbouring Country, that hcwjs tbrccd to retire with the Lois oF tour hundred Men, and two hun- dred taken I'rilbncrs. Shortly after this, upon occafion of a ^i^ with Scotland, S\\ Robert Vmfrevtle, Vice Admiral oi England, tc- pairing with a Squadron of ten Ships of War to the lirth oi Forth, ravaged the Coafta on both fides lor fourteen Days, and having burnt the largcd Ship of that Kingdom, called the Great Galliot, and ta ken Icveral Pn/cs, returned to the h.n^lijh Coalb. King Ihnry V, who luccccded his Father in 1437, reviving the juft I'rctcnfions of his Houlc to the Crown of France, rclblvcd on an Expedition to that kingdom, and having got ready atSoHthamf. ton fixtccn hundred Sail of Ships, Hulks, and other Vcflcis, part whereof were hired from Ho/land and Zeetandy there embarked with his Army, and landing at Catidcbcc in Normandy^ prclcntly took in the Town of Harjleur^ and loon after fought the famous Battel of A^inconrtt to the eternal Honour of the Englijh Nation. The next Campaign the French relolving by all means pofliblc to attempt the Recovery oi Harfleur, the Conftabic of France with a great Army inverted it on the Land fide, while the Vice- Admiral bc- fieged it at Sea, with the whole Navy of that Kingdom. The Duke of Exeter commanding in the Place began to be hard prcfled by the Beficgcrs, when the Englijh Fleer, under the Command ut the Duke of Bedford^ accompanied with Jcvcral other Peribns of the firrt Quality, was ordered to repair to his Relief. Arriving in the Mouth of the Seine^ they found the Enemy's Fleet, great part where- of confifted of Genoefe Carracks, drawn up before the Port of Htr- flcur , and vigoroufly attacking them , after a Difpute of leveral Hours, entirely defeated them, and having limk or taken five hun- dred Veflels, with three Gf«oe/^ Carracks, went triumphantly into the Port, and relieved the Town, whereupon the Enemy's Land- Army immediately railed the Siege and retired. During the reft of this great Prince's Reigti there happened no- thing remarkable at Sea ; where we hear of no more Exploits of the Engltjh till the thirty fourth Year of his Son and Succcflbr^c*- ryW\, at which time the great Earl of Warwick being Lord High Admiral, and. then lately entered into the Inrerefb of the Houlc of Torky he, to i'ecure the Fleet to that fide, affembling all liich Ships as v\ ere in a Rcadinei's for Service, fuddenly repaired on board tne fame, and went out to Sea, where he fell in with five great Carracks, three of them Genoefii and two Spamjhy which, after a moft relblute Defence on their fide, he made himlelf Mafler of, and urry'd rhcm into Calais, of which Place he was Governor. King Henry hav- ing appointed the Duke oiSomerfet to fucceed him in that Pod, the Citizens of Calais were fo devoted to their old Governor, that they rcfufed him Admiitauce ; whereupon the King ordered (ucb of his Ships as the Earl of Warwick had left behind, to be got together at Sandwich, under the Command of the Lord Rivers, who was to carry over the Duke of Somerfet to Calais^ and inflate him by force in that Government : But while they were preparing to execute thefc Orders, John'DiHham, an expert Sea Captain of tlieoppo- fitc Party, repairing to Sandwich with a Number of Ship?, attack'd c the The Frfnch fleet Itiiten, and HJii.cur rehti,td. The Karl of Warwick takei feme Spai^ifli atid Genoefe Shift. Chap XVI. Kuln of th' Rom E///pire. 335 ihcKi:';'s Squadron, took all tlic Ships, and with them the Tord Mi- i>ni1i.uii t.,h vtn. wh"'" ^^' carried Piiioiicr to Calais. Hrrcm>on the King fit- v'l '^A/Vv^'' leJ (iiir another Squadron, which he put under the Command of Sir at Samiwui'. ^mn Moil ford. Lord- Warden of the Cinque- Ports, with Orders to |„o!( [0 the Doicnce thereof, and prevent the Earl of ff^atwiek'^ Imki ill t^'"'^' I'arts. But he liidtlenly croHUng over from Ca/ait, lurnrizai Sir Simon iMoiiford with all his Ships at Sand'vjicb, and ^Varwa', hiviir plmiJcred the Town, retired with his Priibncrs and Boot v v"'" '^'^''',' lud to hii Govern ment; from whence rcrurnmg in few Days af- aj.wi;', <,;,;,. KWaxVt Eiii^lijh CoaOs, he landed zx. Sandwich j where being met by the Lord CW'/iw, and leveral others of his Party, with a great Force, he |irolocuted his Quarrel alhore agaiiift the Laticafirians \\\\\h\\ Svicce!s, that in few Months after the Duke of Tork was I'^lwani iv. croiircJ Kiiv4 of Etn'Jmd by the Name of Edxard IV. crow,ud. Ikhruch lupportiiig the Intcrcll-s, as much as in them lay, of u^'- \\il":c.if}ria't Kamily, Kinjj; Edward fitted out a confiderablc Fleet, on board of which were embarked ten thouliuid Soldiers, un- der th: Command of the Eirls of E(fcx and Kent^ and the Lords Mh mi Clinton., who Icouring the Seas for Ibine time, landed nCmfiiit in Rretagnc, and having plundered the adjacent Coun- try, rCjUired thence to the Illo o( Rc^, where they did the like; jandluving cleared the Seas of the French, returned home with a r««Engii(h great Viimbcr of Prizes. Sonic time after this the Earl of /Warwick [f,l'lfJh'c',fi<. Jilinteciiig alio wirh King Edward, revolted to the Hoolc of Lan- :iijh\ and I'ct King Henry again on the Throne ; but was at length Henry a^ain I Ihiu fighting in his Defence at the Battel of St. Alban\ ; whcreup- i^' '" '''" Uiihi^Edvjard was a^ain re eftablilhcd. While fVarwick him- y;,j,7^yjj^''|j. IcIfivjsproRcuting this Qiurrel by Land, the beforcmentioned Earl waid, otl^'«.^\vho was his natural Son, did the like by Sea, and having gitto^cclicr a coiifidcrablc Number of Ships, and received on board thca part of the Garrilbn of Calais, enrircly devoted to the Earl of //'dTO/V/t's Service, he cauicd his Ships to come up the Ri- r/j« r-iW 0/ WiViLmdon, and marching thither himlcif, with Ibventccn thou- Kent »«//f,i- WMcn, attempted to make himielf Maftcr of the City, but '^^^ I^'Lm'Iua TCii lo vigorous a Refiflancc from the Citizens, that he was forced to retire with the Lois of a great Number of Men, and retreating tiiiWivV/;, was puriiicd thither by King KdvL'ard, where his Ad- li;rents, upoi. Promilc of Pardon, furrcndered thcmlblvcs, with all '^^" "'^''^ I their Ships. lutrender to The two foHowing ihort Reigns oi hdwardV, and his unnatural Wc, /?ifWmc,| i with whom he was at Variance, fitted out a Squadron under the Command of Sir Edward 'Poynings^ to aflirt the Arch Duke in the rht FnfiliOi Uy fufi It Sluyi ky uj. rht Ca/ltti »/Sluy5 fur- rin,lirtd,-J)ilh thi Itwn. Iht Dij'ctvt- rill of Co- lumbui. 1498. Tht Difcove- rill o/Juhn Cabor, -- the I Rcdudion of them, and of the Town of Muyt their Receptacle Sir Edward Toyniugs accordingly letting liiil with his Squadron^ cruifcd fomc Days at Sea, and then repaired before the 1 own of Sluysy and upon Notice that the Duke of Saxony, who was silo come to Maximilian's AfTiftancc, had inverted it on the Land (idc he laid ciofc Siege to it by Sea, and attacking one of the two Cj' files wherein the Strength of the Place confillcd, for twenty Dayj iiicctflively, was as often rcpullcd, though not without great Slaugh- ter ot the Enemy ; but at length finding means to let fire to a Bridge of Boats by which the two Caftlcs held Communication, the Enemy furrcmJcred the Caftles to the Englijhy and the Town to the Duke of Saxony. About this time it was that Cbriftopber Columbus^ a GenoefeMi- riner, whether from his Confidcration of the Inherical Body of the Earth and Water, conjcdluring that there mull neccflarily be Ibme other great Track of Land between the Weftcrn Coafts ot Eurojx and j^/rick, and the Ealkrn Coalh of yf/Fa, as it were to blancc and counterpoilc the vaft Continent wc live upon ; or, as lorac at- ledge, being pofrefTcd of the Memoirs of an old Navii^ator, who had been driven by Tempcfts on the Coafts of fJi/j>atiiola, and on his Return from thence died at Columbus's Houfc at Madera, waj from thence aflured of the Being oflbmc unknown Countries to the Weftward. However that wa«, Columbus^ full of his new Projcdt, made Propofals to King Henry of going to difcover thelc Counrricj, in his Name, and to his Ulc; but meeting with no Encouragement from him, and having made the like Propolals, and met with the like Ncgled: in 'Portugal, applied h\mk\f to Ferdinand znd Ifabelln, King and Qiieen o( Ca/lilc, and was by them furnillied with Ships for the Proiecution of his Enrcrprize, and happily dilcovering i„c JVeJt-IndieSy began theConqueft thereof for that Crown, as we have already related among the Spauifl) Affairs. About fixYcars after this Difcovcry, JohnCabot., ^ Venetian, who was fettled at Brijlol^ conjc(Jiuring from Columbus's Succels that there might be alio Lands to be found out to the North-Weft, prclenteda Memorial to the King, fctting forth, that he made no doubt, if his Majefty would pleale to employ him, but that he cpuld make fomc ufeful Difcoveries in his Name, and find out Iftands or Countries a- bounding with rich Commodities, as the Genoefe Enterprizer had lately done; to which Propolal the King now lent a 'villingEar, and fitting out a Ship irora Brijiol, gave Cabot the Couraandof her, with a Commiflion for the Dilcovery of Lands then unknown, and annexing them to the Crown of England. To this Ship fomc Merchants of London joining three more, laden with fiich flight Commodities as were thought proper for Commerce with barbarous People, Cabot departed with them from Brijtol, and (as Sir//wn Gilbert relates it, who was employed afterwards by Qnzm Eliza- beth dlf- , R^;;^ B Chap JC V I Ruin ofthc Rom. Ewpirc. ^il itdjoothc like Services) failed very far WclUvaiJ with a Quarter of t ho ■.Kjji,^ on the North ndc ol Itne dc Labrador, till Ijc canjc into tlicUtituJc of (•>i\ Decrees and findiiij.', the Seas Hill open, ini^',ht jinlwcuiJ. iS he affirmed, have gone to Cathay^ if he had not been ncvcntcJ by the DifTeufionshciwecii the Mailer aiiJ the Mariners. I5uc iiisttcfmX l^y t''C Dilcovcries made in thole Parts fincc that time, wis more than he could have pcrfornicil. However after this, he jiid his Son iiV^ In, j^j^_j,,g ^^j,y f^ii ^^^ jjj^j j^jjyjj^g ^gjjj jj„ j^jg 5,j^^^ ^^jj^^j ^.^^ jjjg other Vefi^els, not knowing but that the Admiral was fafe; but he being at length mifl^ed, the Englijh fcnt a Flag of Truce to the E- ncmy to know what Prifoncrs were taken, who made anfwer none but one Mariner, who faid that a Perfon they had pufhed overboard with their Pikes was their Admiral: Whereupon the Fleet, nowwith- ■iht French do out a Commander , returned to the Englifly Coafts. Thither Monfieur frsuii'f '''^ ■'^'''•^^"^' cncourag'd by this little Succefs, foon followed, and land- ing in Snffex, (polled the Country, but was prefcntly repulfed; and Sir Thomas Howard, who fuccceded his Brother as High Admiral, putting re Sea wirh a Squadron of clean Ships, loon forced him to retire, and clearing the Seas of the French, aflfiftcd in tranlporting ,thc Book III I Chap XVI. Rtiin of theRom. Empire. 339 ake an Expcdi- ud to have rJic : French Fleet, drairal was ient .11 VcfTds, who igcncc that the ig in daily Ex- Mcditcrraucan, rmincd to con- : Lord- Admiral : their Junction lis Fleet, where eries raifcd on >f twenty four our Fire. The th of the Har- ind there, drew d, down to the nft B'ff, and ing in want of i"om making a- '. In the mean 3ift<, arrived in h he could pur tg/ifl^t who he If between two ivith Ordnance. rd Ho'iLurd te- rn in the Fleet, the other to ily two Barges, tteti and com- vn Gaily to be 'd with Sword rally, by fomc F his Enemies, undtftingnilh'd feeing the Ad- cttrcd with the s fafe; but he ruce to the E- Ic anf'wer none !tcd over- board ;et, nowwith- jith-rMonfieur wed, and land- repulfed; and High Admiral, forced him to in tranlporting .the thcKiu^aud his Army to Calais, who marching into the French Henry vin. Tcfritor^cs, inverted Tcrouattic, and having defeated the Enemy \l"i[' ^',,^j,. who attempted to relieve it, icon forced it to llirrcndcr, and then fcan the in a Ihort time reducing Tour nay, returned to England. i rcncii. Prelcntly after this a Treaty of Peace was let on foot, hjt not concluded till Ibmc Years were expired, and then it proving but of Diort Duration, clic King enccr'd into an Alliance with the Emperor rhe Emptror Cimrli'S y ■ againft France^ who, purluant to an Agrecnent ^^^^ '■'[{[' ft'J'a^' wich King /A'wry, joined his Navy, confifling of a Iiundred and gmnji iVaiicc, citfhty S.ul, to the Englijh Fleer, under the Command of Sir Tho- miisHoU''ard , High Admiral, now made Earl of Suryy, who, with the King's leave, receiving a Conimi/lion from the Emperor to be his High Admiral alio, repaired with the united Fleets over to the Coaft of Normandy, and landing at Cherbourg, deftroycd the adjacent Country, and returned to 'l-'ortland. Thence proceeding rhe united ill a few Days lo Morla'tx in Bretague, he landed there, and taking ''"'"',' ''° the Town by Storm, lacked it, and having burnt Icventeen Sail oi [:^i[^"l_ "* French Ships on the Coafl, detached a Squadron to continue crui- fing at Sea under the Command of Vice-Admiral Fitz-lVilliams, and repaired himfelf with the reft of the Fleet to Southampton, where the Emperor lay ready to embark for Spain, whom re- ceiving on board, he in few Days landed him at St. Andrew's in Bifiny. The next Summer a Squadron of fix and thirty Sail was put un- der the Command of Sir ll^ilUam Fitz-JVilliams, to cruifc on the Coi'i\s of France, in order to inrerccpt the Duke of Albany in his Pa/Tagcfrom that Kingdom to Scotland, whereof he was Regent; who, meeting with twelve French Ships, which had on board Ic- vcral of the Scotijh Nobility, forced them back into the Ports of T)iefpe and Boulogne, where leaving lome Ships to block them up, he proceeded with the reft along the French Coaft, and landing in fcvcral Places, wafted the Country, and at length coming to Tre- '^^" Engiiih fort, he attacked that Town, and having burnt the Suburbs, and 'Ih/l^^^y/X dcdroycd all the Ships in the Haven, returned to the Englijh CoaHs Kind's com,- with a confidcrablc Booty. Of this Sir IVilliam Fi:z-lVilliams it "'^■ hath been oLibrvcd , that there was not a Icrviceable Man under charaaer of him whole Name he knew nor, not a Week pafTcd but he paid his Y'^^'iiiam Ships, not a Prize but his Seamen ihared in as well as himlcif, it a,',7s"^^"''' being his Rule that none fought well but thole which did it for a Fortune. After this Expedition wc meet with no more at Scu till the 36''' Year of this King'sRcign,whcn hisMajerty entering int ) a War agaiuft Scotland, the Lord Ltjlc, who luccccded the Earl o( Surrey as Lord High Admiral, was ordered with the Fleet to invade that Kingdom, ihe Englinj and having received on board at Newcajile the Earl of Hertford, '■"'■I''' ^^""t- I-ieutcnant- General of the North, and other Peribns of Qiiality, with a confiderabic Hody oi Troops, proceeded thence to Leith, and there landing his Men, the Englijh foon made therafelves Ma- tters of that Place, as alio of the City oi Edinburgh , which they Edinburgh burnt for three Days together, and were there joined by the Lord '''"'"!' "' '''/'' ». X X Lvers, ■:M 340 Naval Tranfathons fifice the Book 111. I ChaTxI m ;i mtt^' (.th:r I'laccs burnt in Si;oli...,a. Henry V!l!. lieju'^-is Boil- Icunu Ly Sea and Land. ! !,c French i.id:avcur to reco-.er Bou- lotl.e. :! •S Evers^ Warden of the Eaft Marches, at the Head of a Land- Ai my But not being able to take the Citadel, the Lord Admiral aiij the Lord-General recreated to Le'ith^ to which fcriing fiic, they rcitn- barked, and having Icourcd the Coafts of Scotland, and taken out of the Havens and Creeks all liich VcfTcls as they found there made the bcfi: of their way home; while the Land Army burnt Se- ton, Hadbigtoii^ and ^Dunbar, and having deftroycd all the Coun- try in its March, retreated in Safety to Berwick. At this time the King was alfo engaged in a War with Franc whither having Ihortly after lent over an Army of thirty thousand Men, he followed himlclf in a Ship which had Sails of Clch of Gold, and landing at Calais, proceeded thence to Boulogne, and formed the Siege of that Town by Land, while the Lord High Ad- miral attacked it with a Fleet by Sea ; which being pertormtd ivitfi great Vigour on both fides, the Town was in a few Days lurren- dered to the King upon Terms. For the Recovery of this im^jorrmt Place out of the Hands of the Englijh, the French King iftlmbles all his Navy on the Coaft of Normandy , under the Command of Monficur d'Annebanlt, Admiral of Francr \'hich having alfo vein- forced with a Squadron of five and twenty lullies from the Medi- terranean, commanded by Tauim., Baron de la Garde, he ordered them to continue in a Readinels to repair before Rouhgn?, ami pre- vent its being relieved by Sea, while he Ihould befiege it by Land. But all things being not yet ready for forming that Siege, he gave Diredtions that the Fleet Ihould make fome Attemps on the En^li'}) Coafts ; Vv'hicli accordingly ftanding over to Sk. Helen's tor that pur- pole, King Henrys who, upon Advice of the Enemy's Prepiratioos, was gone down to Tortfmouth to haftcn the fitting out of ihe Fleet, ordered his Ships to fail c it to Spithead, and oppolc the Enemy ; but in their PafTagc thither, the Mary Rofe, one of the largeft of them, commanded by Sir George Carew, by a little Sway of the Ship, (her Ports being made within fjxtecn Inches of the Water) was overlet and loft, with her whole Company. The reft, to the Number of fixry, exchanged Ibme Shot with the French till Night parted them, and then they returned. The next Morning the E- neiny landed fcvcral Men in the Iflc oi Wight, but were prelcntly rcpuUcd ; nevcrthelels they loon landed again, and begin to delibe- rate about reducing and keeping the ifland ; bur as that could not be done without ereding Forts, for which Men and Time were wanting, they rcin^barkcd, and their Fleet made Sail for "Hrtet, near Boulogne, in their way to whichFlacc they landed lomc Men in Sujfex, which were repnlfcd with confidcrable Lois. Having put aihore fburthoufand Men at 'Fortet, and the Wind coming up Eaft- eriy, they again ca'-ie over to our Coafts ; upon Ad\ ic: whereof, the King gave Orders that his Fleet ihould offer the Enemy Battel, which they at length accepted, and a iharp Engagement cnliicd for two Hours, till Night parted the two Fleets, when the Ftcticb re- tired to Havre de Grace^ and appeared no more. The Lord Hish Admiral followed them ibon after to the Coafts, and landed fix ]j^!vxtu"h thouiaad Men at Treforty and having burnt that Town and Abby, shifs burnt. together Ihi 'r"rer.cli land IV. the IJle (j/VVijjht The Englidi and iMcnch Tlccls engage. together wij the Lois of I The ncxtl BoK/o^sf. al cndcavouredl but rtcre prcT and Earl ot Men to that I the Fleet hal Coafts; whj Ships cngagd watiDDiiput| King Hi' with Scotia}^ of that King mfet, and Army marcl hur^k with other VclTels (Iroyed the ( the French \ Jirfey, the mndy, fittec dy of two tl mediately fer notwithftand fuch Vigour, lind iVien, ai Some time kl'tan Cabo gatioDj was r Ships were fi North-Eaft F dcr the Com Tkms, fail and returned that part of the Severity he was forc< vite Laplan found there Company, I before him , Richard Ch ter many Di covy, being from whcnc another Vo Czar of M Book III. I Chap- XVI. Kititi of the Viom. Empire. 34.1 a Land-Army. Jiniral an J the ire, they rcitn- and taken out ^ found there, ^rray burnt Se- 1 all the Coun. r with Franc, ■hirty thoufand •s of Cic h of Boulogne, and Lord High Ad- lerformtd ivirh V Days lurren- this iinfjornnc King ifTcmbles : Command of iving alfo rein- rem the Mcdi- dc, he ordered h?nr, ami pre- gc it by Land, Siege, he gave on the En^lilh •s for that pur. 's Prepiratiooj, utof the Fleet, c the Enemy ; the largeft of c Sway of the of the Water) he reft, to rhe ?ftch till Night orning rhe E- IV ere prelcntly egin to dclibe- that could not nd Time were ail for 'Hytet^ diomcMenin Having put miing up Eaft- dvic.7 whereof, Enemy Battel, cut cnliird for he Fi I'Hch re- lic Lord High ind landed fix wn and Abby, together • i,:rt?7i;'ei at io;;nL', c-c. together with thirty Ships which lay in the Haven, retreated with tic Lois of ouly fourteen Men. The next Campaign the French renewed their Attempts againft Bmkney and, in order to cut ort its Communication with Calnisy endeavoured to icizc Ambkteufe^ where they intended to fortity; butncre prevented therein by the D-|igcncc of the Lord-Adiniral, ^IxAoi Hertford, who tranlijotting an Army of nine thouland Men to that Place, encamped in the Neighbourhood; mean while, the Fleet had fcveral Skirmilhes with that of the Enemy's on chofc Coills; where, particularly hzioxc Amb let c/tfe, eight of the King's Ships engaged an equal Number of the Freiich Gallies, and, after a warm Dilpute, rook one of them, and forced rhe reft to retire. Kin?/A".'ry dying the next Year, he was fucccedcd by his Son Eiv;irlS\^\VL the Beginning of whole Reign a War breaking out \n\i Scot land, a Fleet and Army were got ready for the Invafion of that Kingdom, the latter under the Command of the Duke of iVo- iMnnrd vr. mcrfet, and the former of the Lord Clinton ; who, whiift the Land \1'^fl' ^'^°'" Ainiv marched into Scotland, and gained the Vidory at Mujel- aUd ilnd* burik with four and twenty Men or War. one Gaily, and thirty otkrVelTels, fcoured the Ccafts, and landing in Icveral Places, de- \ lirojcd the Country. Shortly after this a War enliiing with France, the f«»f^' King intending to reduce the Iflands of Guernfey and J /^i; French yff/?y, the only Remains we had now left of the Duchy of Nor- '"['^"^f, mndy, fitted out a ftrong Squadron, which condudbed thither a Bo- {^xieywuh- dy of two thoufand Men : But Captain WtUiam JF'tnter being im- "«' i««f/j. mediately fent over with fome Ships, and eight hundred Soldiers, he, notwithftanding the Enemy's great Superiority, attacked them with fuch Vigour, that they were forced to retire with the Lois of a thou- W Men, and the Dcftruain, the Earl of Tern- broke was font over into Ticardy with feven thoufand Men, to the AlTiftance of the Span'tjh Troops then befieging Sr. ^tintiH, whi- thcr the King prelcntly after repairing, they greatly contributed to the fignal Vidiory he obtained over the French that came to its Re- lief, as alio to the Rcdudiion of the To.vn, which was taken by Storm a few Days after, wherein the Englijh were the foremoft on the Attack. This Lois the French Ihortly after fevercly revenged on the Eugl'ifh ; for the Duke oiGuife, in the midft of Winterict- ing down with a great Army before Calais, which was very ill provi- ded for Defence, carried on his Attacks with fuch Vigour, that in a Week's Time he had the Town furrcndered to him, after it had been in our Hands above two hundred Years. The Qiieenwas iuconibiably grieved for the Lois of this Place ; but to be revenged in fome meafure on the French King, ihe lent out the Lord Clinton, her High Admiral, with a Fleet of a hundred and ten Sail, who being joined alio by King Thilifs Admiral of the Netherlands, with thirty Flemijh Ships, was ordered, if he judged it feafible, to attempt the Rcdudiion of Breji. Sailing to the Coafts of Bretagne, he found that Defignim- pradticable, but landing at Conquet, prciently pofTefled himielf of The Engiifti that Town, which he Tacked and burnt> together with the Abby, Co'^ "lix""-" andfevcral other Places in the Neighbourhood, and then returned on oi.qui. ,uc. i^^^^j |.j^^ Y\ccx. with a very confiderable Booty; but the Flemings draggling farther up into the Country were moll of them cut off in their Retreat. 5/. Quiiitin taiieii by Snni). The French lake Calais. Mt C H A P. XVII. Of the Naval Tranfacl'iom of the Englifli dur'tng the Reign of ^4een Elizabeth. QUEEN Mary dying in few Months after this Expedition, fhe was, happily for the Proteftant Religion and the Liber- ^j.R ties of England, lucceeded by that glorious Princefs Qucca Eliza- beth, who, in the Beginning of her Reign, coming to a Relblution of fupportiug the Proteftant Party in Scotland againft the Encroach- ments of the French (who, on Occafion of Francis II. his Marriage with Mary Queen of Scots, had ufurped the whole Governmcnr, and committed great Diforders in that Kingdom) fitted out a Squa- dron under the Command of fVilliam Winter, Mafter of the Na- fjieen Eliza- val Otdnancc, to zOi in Concert with the Land Forces which iTie ^^pmeiLuin 'Qfcndeu to fend into that Kingdom. Captain Winter proceedinz Scotland.'" vvith his Ships to the Firth of Forth, iailed up to Leith Koni, s where B^^^ I Chap JVI^' Rrnn of ttwRom. Empire. 3+3 Vrol'O'iali of Vc.ice. [iipvi:c Iter ;> where feveral of chc French Ships riding at Anchor, he attacked juj took them, and then blocking up the Ifland oilnch Keithy which was defended by a French Garriibn, reduced the Enemy to etcit Streights for want of Provifions ; aiid, by this time the Army unJer the Lord Grfy being advanced to Leithj formed the Siege of siegt Uhi u that Town, wherein Captain Pointer render 'd confiderabic Service Lcith. with his Ships. Within rhc Place was a numerous Body of French TroopS) who defended rhemfclves with great Courage and Bravery for fcvcral Weeks; but at length the French King, who was fen- rhe Vrench fiblc 'twas impo/fiblc othcrwile to prevent their failing into our '""" '""'"' Hauds, made Propofals of Peace, wherein every thing being offered that tk Queen could defirc, the fame was in few Days concluded, and the Fleet and Army returned to England. The King oi Spoilt, and other Roman Catholick Potentates, per- ceiving the Qiieen inflexible in her Refolutions for the Support and Maintenance of the Proteftant Religion, began to llievv feveral Marks of their Indignation; wherefore the Qiiecn, wilely providing for hei Security agarnft a fixture Srorm, took Care to fiirnifh her Ma- «;Biiies with Stores of War, caft feveral Pieces of Brais, and Iron Ordnance, andcawfed great (^bantities ofGtinpowder to be wrouglit up at home, which was the htfl that was made in England, and boiWing a conftderable Number of Ships, got together the mofl for- /*"' middle Fleet that ever Britain hadbecii Miffrefsof; for Defence where- " ' oflhe raifcd a Fortrefs upon the Banks of the River Med^jvay, where the Ships had their ordinary Station, which from a neighbouring Village was called Vpnore CafVle ; and alfb greatly incrcafcd the Wa- ges of the Naval Officers, and the Seamen : So that, fays Mr. Camb- h, /he was juftly ftyled by Foreigners the Reftorcr of Naval Glo- ry, and the Queen of the Northern Seas. In Imitation of this lau- dable Example of the Oiicen's, many of her wealthy Subjcdis who lived near the Sea-CoaUs, fet themlelves to building of Ships, fo that ill a (liort time thole of the Crown, and of private Pcrlbns, were become fb numerous as, on Occafion of any Naval War, might employ twenty thoufand Men. The good Efleds of th^^fc Prepa- rations were Ihortly after fcen in the \t^ar the Qiicen undertook in Bcdalf of the Proreftants of France, wherein, bcfides the Land Forces Ihe fent over into Normandy to their Afliftancc, her Ships fcouring the Seas, fbrcly diftrcfTed their Enemies by taking great rji^z. Numbers of Prizes from them, and at length totally interrupting their ',l\"^)"'^^'^ Trade. '" '" ""'"'' Some time after this, John Hawkins, a Pcrlbn of fingular Skill in Navigation, making a Voyage with five Ships to Guinea, and thence with Slaves to the Spantjh JVeft-Indies, as he was going in- to the Port of St. Juan de Vllua, fell in with the Spantjh Flota, which he could eafily, if he fb pleaied, have prevented from cutting that Place, but relblving to do nothing in Violation of the Peace, lie only required of them Security for him and his, and Liberty of Trade, to which the Spaniards willingly agreed, but watching their Opportunity, they a few Days after perfidioufly fell on the Englijh, ^^/J'/j)'"''' and killing feveral of them, feizcd and plundered three of their f^,^' Enginh. » Ships. l>uz.ei. Hawkins ^«i to the Spariifli Weft-lndics. ,;( !*l m M" 7 ?• li, tejia'its I ■•rirjui at Of. I. Lilt art liijferj'ed. 34+ Naval Tranfitfiions fifice the BookIIJ. Ships. The News of rhis no fooncr arrived in England but all the Seafaring People were in a Flame, and impatient to be revenged on the Spaniards fc their Treachery. Soon after which King fhilip proliilMcing Commerce witli England, and endeavouring to debauch tlic Duke oi' Norfolk and Earl oi Ormonde from their Allegiance who tiiCcovered his Intrigues, it is incredi'Jc with what Alacrity the Ih.il^h.ur, Eiiglilh put to Sea, and cruifed againtt the J>^«wr be revenged on »ich King ?hil,p »urlng to debauch their Allegiance, vhat Alacrity the «'•»•, inlbmuchthat :)rcdations, by a Merchandize oi' had taken to the coirimitted Spoil i icvcral Englijh the Command of retook Icveral of brs, difperfed the f committing the I, under pretence with Provifions, the yJntwerfmns )nic Ships againft iners, and threw lie Year feme Ci- »rth-Wca Pa% ittempt the larac, nerica, entered a ; prevented from as the Month of iding this ill Sue- It it proved to no to acquire a great :n one of the Ad- and in that Ex- h great Induftry, aving, in the Set- Spaniards in the he provided him- id two fmall Vef- [Tes from theJ/a- irniihed with Let- ngland and Sfah of the general Li- ng to the IftbinM rown ofNomire with Intelligence Quantity of Gold >y the Way, and leirig not lb por- table table over the Mountains, he left Part of it, an J buriccl the rcfl: in tlic Ground. He then burnt a rich Storchoulc of Merc/jandizes up- on the River Chagre^ called l^eiita de Ouz; and while he was rawing about the Country, difcovcrin^ the South Sea from the P^'^^"^^*^^ '''■'•' • Mouiiuins, he was immediately inflamed with a Defirc to navigate \'',u±lcx. tl)ithcr, and falling on his Knees implored the Divine Afllftaiicc tlierciii, and binding himfelf by a Vow to attempt that Voyage, could licvcr be at Peace in his Mind till he undertook ir. Cut before he was in a Readincfs to proceed, one John Oxenhamy wlio had fcrved under him in this Lift Voyage, anil Icvcral others, having obfcrvcd how dcfcncclcls \k\^ Spaniards were in thole Parts, and with what Eafc he might make a Fortune to himfelf, inftcad of Ihariiig a filial' Proportion under another, he, with the little Money fo had fcraped together, provided hiinlclf of a Ship, and lailed to oxcnham the fame Place; where underftanding the Convoy from '^Panama to ;^' •».!,""»/•' ^ fortoBello was guarded by Soldiers, he drew up his Veflcl into a '" ^i"^"'""-*' woody Place, and covering it with Boughs, to prevent any Notice of his Arrival, marched with his Company over the Mountains, to a River that difcharges itfelf into the Bay oiTanama, where build- ing a Galliot, he fell down with her into the laid Bay, and went over to the fearl Iflands, a convenient Station for intercepting the Plate Ships coming from Lima to 'Panama, of which he in a Ihort time rook two, with fixty pounds Weight of Gold, and an hundred of Silver, An Account of this being Toon difperfed by the Spaniards whom he fet on fliorc from thofe Ships, a Body of a hundred Men wcreprcfentlyfentoutin Qiicft of thcfc newlnvadcta, and after fomc Soarch, they met with Oxcnham and his Men as they were quar- relling about dividing the Spoil, who, on the Spaniards Approach, however made head againft them tho' they were not half the Ene- my's Number, but being at length overpowered, they were all either killed, or taken Prifoners, of w hich latter Oxcnham being one, was carried to Lima, where he was examined whether he had any Au- thority from his Queen for fuch Proceedings, and not being able to produce any CoTimifTion, he was put to Death with his Compani- Oxcnham OIK, as a Pirate. \^ ,;., i^p^^i- 'Drakc, in the mean time, altogether ignorant oiOxcnham^ Advcn- ards. turc, let Sail,in*D^f^»/^er is?7i (tomPlimontb on his intended Voyage ^ l^I,'- forthc South-Sea, with five Ships and a hundred fixty three Sea- cee'dsonhn men, and in five and twenty Days came off of Cape Qantin in Bar- ^'o-ih' -"'"• kx), from whence proceeding to the Cape Verde Iflands, he took '''°'"'^"^'* in Rcfreflimcnts at the Iflc of May, and thence went over to '^Clugo, the principal of thofe Iflands, where he feizcd a Tortu- pi(fc Ship laden with Wine, which he brought ofTwith him, and dilinilling her Company retained the Mafter of her, in order to make uleof him for a Pilot on the Coafts of Brajil, with which he found liim ro be well acquainted. Thence fetting Sail on his Voyage, he palFcdby Fuego and Brava, the two Southermoft of thofe Iflands mi crolliug the ^quinodilal Line, he, after having been fifty five %s without feeing Land, arrived in Sight of Brafil. Coafting a- 'cii;; that Country he came to the Mouth of Rio de Li Tlata, and Y V thence .''/.' .« 'I'i.ii m i I I, liiti i'. ' in, |nhn Douuli ly lehi.hltil. Dr^ke ames into il/e ^lnlrl> bea. 34^ Naval TranfaElions fincc the Book III. thence proceeding Southward arrived at the Port of St. 'ftiliaii where lie found a Gibbet credlcd, as was fuppofcd by Magellan for the Punilhment of Mutineers; at which Place, haviug occafiontoa- nimadvert upon "John T)oKghtyy a ftout Sean>!»n, but mutinous and turbulent, (who was the next in Command to himlclf ) he broimht him to his Trial, and being by a Jury of twelve Peiibns condemned to Death, he was there behcaJcd. Profccuting his Voyage from hence he arrived feme time afrcr with three Ships (tor the two Icafthe had before turned adrift in the Strcights oi Magclluu, which having paflcd, after a difficult Navigation of fix- teen Days, he came out into the great South- Sea, where mcctinij with very tcmpcftuous Weather, he was forced back to the Wcfl- ward near a hundred Leagues, and his Ships feparated, one whcrco/' commanded by John IVinlery returned through the Strcight, and ar- rived lafe in England, being the firft Ship that ever came back that Way. "Drake, with his finglc Ship was driven into $^ Degrees of South Latitude, from whence, with great Difficulty, he got up a- gain info the Hcighth of rhc Streight, and proceeded thence along the Coaft of Chili to the Illand Moucha, where he had Intelligence from an Indian, who took our Men for Spaniards, that a large Spanijh Ship lay loaden at Val Taraifo, and failing thither in fcarch thereof, the Spaniards on board, Ibppofing the Englijh coming to- ward them to be Ibme of their own Countrymen, beat their Drums, and drinking full Cups to them, received them with all Teftinionics of Joy ; but the Englijh, clapping them on board, immediately thfuft them under the Hatches, and poflcned themlclves of the Ship; which don(f they plundered the neighbouring Town of St. Ja^o, to- gether with the Chapel, the Spoil of which latter, with a generous Juftice, was beftowed on the Chaplain of Drake's Ship. The Spa- niards he put on fliore, but carried away the Mafter with the Ship, wherein was four hundred Pounds Weight o( Baldivian Gold. After this he landed at Tarapaja, where finding a J^/««/Wa(lecp upon the Ihore, with thirteen Bars of Silver by him, to the Value of four hundred thoufand Ducats, hecaufed them to be carried o(f with- out fo much as waking the Man. Then entering the Port oiAi- ca, he found there three Ships with not a Man on board them, ia which were, bcfides other Merchandizes, fifty feven Wedges of Sil- ver, each weighing twenty Pounds. Hence he proceeded to Lima, the Capital of ^eru, where he leized twelve Ships, and in them great Quantities of Silk, with a Cheft full of coined Monejr, but they had not lb much as a Boy on board any one of them, lo great was the Security on thofe Coafts, where, by reafon of their great Diftance and Remoteuels from Europe, they feared no Enemies; nor indeed had ever any one but Magellan, before Drake, naviga- ted thofe Seas, except the Spaniards thcmlelves, who built there all the Ships they had in thole Parts. Having fet thefe Ships adrift, he, with all the Sail he could make, gave Chace to the Cacofogo, a very rich Ship, which he underftood had lately failed from thence for Tanama, und by the Way met with a Brigantine, out of which he took eighty Pound Weight ot Gold, St. J.1!',0 /,!• Un i'^ I) Like. Spanifli S'h'ifi Jemed at Li- ma. Ch A p. X V' U Kiiin of the Rom. Empire. 347 (iokl. a Criiwifix ol-' the (amc Metal, fomc Emeralds of a Kiugcr's ■I ^i Hllll im'th and lt>mc Muniiion. In tew Days after lie came up with J"?'!?": the Cacofoio, and lliooring her Forcmau by the board, prckutly lUiJc bimkit Mad^r of her, wlicrcin, befidcs Pearls and precious SioiK'S he look eit;hry Pounds Weight ot Gold, thirteen ChcftsfuH 0; Sliver CO iiicd, and lb great a Quantity of other Silver as would almoll Icrve to billall a Ship. Having removed all this into his owu Ship, he let t!ic Cucofogo go, the Mailer whereof, at parting, is re- ported to have thus merrily bidden him tarcwtl ; " We rc'fign the « Name ot our Ship ro yours : Let that for the future be called the « Cicojogo, that iji, (if the Interpretation offend not) the Shitv- u fire\ and ours the Cacoflata, that is, the Sbiieplate. Captain 'Drake, continuing his Courlc to the Northward, failed jlong the Coafl: of Mexico, and landing at Aguatulco fitkcd that Town; and having now. made more than iufficicnt Rcprilals on the SpuHtdrds lor his former LofTcSjfelblved to make the bcllof his Way to Endand, to which he boKlly attempted to find a PalTige by North America, lailing to the Latitude of 41 Degrees on that Coalt, but then meeting with nothing but Severity of Cold, and open Shores covered with Snow, became back into the Latitude of 38, and there nutting into a convenient Harbour in the North Parrs of Calif'or- m, met with a very kind Reception from the Indians inhabiting the lame, who by many fignificant Tokens offered to make him their King. To this Country he thought fit to give the Name of New Albion, and raifing a Pillar put an Inlcription thereon, containing the Date of the Year, the Name of Qiaeeu Bllizabeth, and their Ar- rival there, and under it lome of the Qiicen's Coin. Leaving this Coaft, he made Sail to the Wcftward, and at length arriving at the Moluccas, he was kindly entertained by the King of ^y^y^^ ^^^^^^^ Terttate, one of tholb lllands; from whence departing, he prolccu- ;^ //.i. MoIuc- ted his Voyage through rholc d nigcrcus Seas lb belprcad w ith Iflands '■'f' ""'' "- and Rock?, where his Sliii) Ih iking upon a blind Reck, fluck fall for twenty Icvcu Hours, which put all the Company in Dclpair, but when they had lighten'd her, by throwing over board eight of her Guns, and Ibme Machandilb, a bearing Gale of Wivid fortunately took her in theQiiartcr, and heaved her olT Then touching at y<«- w, where he received great Civility from one of the Kings of the liliud, he continued his Courle for the Cape of Good Ihpe, and thence to Rio Grands in Negroland, where taking in Water he made the bed of his Way for England, and at length happily arrived iVPlimouth, from whence he firft let our, hiving in three Years ,.>j. Tailed round the Globe, to the great Admiration of all Men. The Dukl returns Qucca received Captain T)rake very gracionfiy, and the Ship being '^ -"s'and. brought round to 'Jieptfordy was hid up in a Dock there, and cori- lecratcd, with gre^c Ceremony, as a Monument of lb luccclsful a Navigation about rhc World, at which time the Queeu honoured the Captain with her Prelcnce on board at Dinner, and coiifar'd up- on him the Diguity of Knighthood. jackman and Whilft TXrake was thus profperoufly failing round the Globe, i'etr/f»f/» ')Khnm and Ten, two noted Pilots, were lent out by Ibmc Mcr ^^f/,,^jf^^,^ ' Y y 2 chants /a chiiu! ;m :>10:«,,,| 1 1 m *i t' :'! '. i;ir i;;li>oit j.f< Ij jiiiU Jt Newi' l-liul. jiiiul- 15^5. e-MW I'.I'7.A- 348 A ji'^/ Tviwfatlions fincc the Book III. clirnts of London^ in (carch of a rafTaec by the North Eaft, throuch tlic Nnrtl.orn Ocean, to CMna and tlic Indies^ in purliiit whereof tlicy liulccl :i lew Leagues beyond rlic Scrcights of IVeygatz^ where tlicy met with llicli uncertain Tides, fo many Shelves, and fuch Mountains of Ice, that they were prevented from proceeding any farther, vul liail very much to do to get back again into the main Sea. AI\)Ut tliis time alio Sir Humpbrcj Gi/l/ert, a Gentleman ot" j'rcat Reputation, and a very enterprizing Genius, let himfclf about planting a Colony in Newfoufid/a»d, which wc before mentioned to lavc been dil''overed by the Cabots. He Ibid his Eflatc for the nioreeUcdual carrying on that Dcfign, but ruffcred lb much by Ship, wrecks, and Want of I'rovifions, that the Projedl became fruftratc and he was himlelfi in his Return from that Place to England^ un- fortunately drowned. Qiiccn Elizabeth refolving at length to take the States of the United Provinces into her Protcdlion, thought fir to make a publick Declaration thereof in the Year 1^85"; but well knowing the King of Spain would keep no Meafures witli licr for the future, that ihc might find him Employment abroad, flic lent out Sir Francis T)rake, now made an Admiral, to the fVeJi-Iiidies, with a Fleet of one and ii'(o///A< twenty Sail, having above two thouland Land-men on board, un- Well- Indies, dcr the Command of Chrijlopher Carlijle: Who taking the Cape Verde Illands in their Way, landed in St. Jt%o, and furprizing the chief Town of the fame Name, lacked the Place, and carried off a confidcrablo Booty: And thence proceeding to HifPaniola, thcv an I Caiihi- maiic tliemiclves MaUcrs ot the Town of St. UJomtngOy the luhabi- g-.niia.t.tty taius whereof having redeemed it from being burnt, with five and Diake. twenty thoufand Ducais, the Fleet failed over to Carthagena, which, after a fliort Defence, was alio taken by Storm, and ranfomed for a hundred and ten thouland Ducats, which were Jharcd among the Seamen and Soldiers. The Calenture that raged amongft the Men taking oft' many of them, the Admiral laid afidc his Defign of at- tacking Nombre de T)ios., and letting Sail for En^land^ parted be- tween Cuba and Jucatati^ and going along the Coaft of Florida, fcizcd and burnt St. yJuthotiys and St. Helen's, two fmall Towns the Spaniards had abandoned; whence continuing his Courfe along the ihorc, he came to a Colony, Icttlcd by Sir Walter Ralei^h,'\n a Country, by him called ^/"r^/w/tf, in Honour of his Virgin Miftrefs Queen Elizabeth. But the Planters being reduced to a linall Num- ber, and diftrefted for Want of Provifions, the Admiral at their ear- neft Rcqueft, took them on board, with their Governor, Ralfh Lane, and brought them Home. Thus concluded this Expedition, the Booty taken from the Enemy being valued at threeicore thou- fand Pound, befides two hundred Pieces of Brafs and Iron Cannon, but with the Lois of feven hundred Men, who all, ormoftofthem, died of the Calenture. Whilft thefe things were doing in the torrid Zone, John Davis, ^Soltr'a " ^'^'^ "^^^^ ^'^'P^ ^^'^^^ °^^ ^^ "^'^^ Charge of IVilliam S'atmderfon, at- ntTpafige tcmptcd to difcovcr a Paflage through the North Weft Parts of-^- to India. merica to the Eaji-Indies, and penetrating as far as to the Latitude of 3 Olhr Phicts Liken L) Drake. 1585. BookIII. ■ Chap XVII. Ruin of the ^kom. Empire. 34^ h Eaft, through purliiit whereof 'eygatz, where :lvcs, andfuch proceediDg any 1 into the niaiii I Gentleman of bthimfcif about re mentioned to Eflatc for the • much by Ship. ccamc fruftrate, England, un- ic States of the make a pubhck zing the King of luurc, that fhc Francis Drake, •■leet of one and on board, mi- lking the Cape d furprizing the nd carried off a "tfpaniola, they igOy the luhabi- , with five and hagena, which, d ranfomed for ircd among the longft the Men s Defign ofat- and, paiTed bc- saft oi Florida, mall Towns the s Courfe along iter Raleigh, in J Virgin Miftrefs to a Imall Num- iral at their ear- overnor, Ralfl) this Expedition, chreelcore thou- d Iron Cannon, )rmoftofthem, ;, John Davis, Satmderfon, at- /"eft Parts of y^- ; to the Latitude of 3 nf66Dcgrec5, difcovcrcd the Strciglit which ftill bears his Name; « hen fciiiniinp home full of hopes of pcrfcding the Dilcovcry, he wciitaKi'i f'^'^ next Year, and obtained Ibmc farther Knowledge of the Seas in tliofc Parts ; which encouraged him to ur.dcrrake a third y„yj„c, wherein he reached as far as 83 Degrees of North Lati- tudc; l)i't "ot being able to proceed any farther for the Ice, he re- tiiriid ro England. Sometime after this, when, upon the putting to Death of Mary 's^?- (Miw oi Scots, Queen Elizabeth undcrdood the King of S'/>ain was malting a great Naval Armament againft her, flie lent out Sir Duke don hmcisT'uke with a Squadron of Ships to interrupt his Prcpara- v"' ^'>i'i'i'f tions ind '''^^'^°y "'^ Shipping in his Ports, who accordingly lailcd ards «/ Ca- to the Bay of Cadiz, and prelcntly forcing under the Caules fix J'^. Gilkf «'hich made (hew of oppofing him, took, ILink, or burnt a- bouta Wdrcd Ships which lay in the Bay, in which were great Qiuiiti'ics of Stores of War and Provifions, and among them a great Galleon of the Marquis of Santa Cruz, and a rich Merchant Ship nihiufa. Returning I'rom hence to Cape St. Vincent, he liirprizcd three taftlcs in the Neighbourhood of that Place, and burning all the Fiihcr- boats and rhci; Nets in his way, proceeded to Cajtais, at the Mouth of the Tayo, where he challenged the Marquis of Smia Cruz to an Engagement, who could by no means be brought our, but liiiTcrcd him to Ipoil the Coafts without Controul. From oihnnaMa^t thence (leering his Courle towards the Azores Iflands, he fell in ^'"" '" .'^", with a lirge Upanijh Carrack richly laden , bound home from the brake! ^ ^ E4 h^'-cs-, and loon pofTeflod himfclf of her. About this time, in another part of the World, the Sfa- mards were diftrcflcd by Captain Thomas Cavendifh, a Gentle- man of Jw/o/-^ , who having departed from England about two Years (ince with three Ships, had palfcd through the Streights of Ai(j^f//.;», and failing along the Coafts of C/j///, Tent, and ^(?iy ^^'^rani^rds %;//, burnt fcveral of the Spanifl) Towns there, and near Call- "J;'^ q"^^^, firm took and pillaged nineteen Spanijh Ships, among which was diih. a very rich one of the King's. Proceeding to the Philippine llland', the Molucca's, the Cape of Good Hope, and the Ifle of St. Hikna, he returned home the next Year with great Wealth and Glory, being the third from Magellan who failed round the World. Altho' Sir Francis T>rake, in his late Expedition, had done the King of Sfain very great Damage, yet fo univerial and vaft a Pre- paration as he was making againft England, was not lb eafily to be defeated. He had now oeen employed about it three Years, and ijss. had at length got together a Fleet, called by the arrogant Name of t^/^'^ Spaniards ikhvincible Jrmada, which confifted of a hundred and thirty ^^iZ' ag!i^fi large Ships, wherein were nineteen thoufand two hundred and ]::nsiai»d. ninety Soldiers , eight thoufand three hundred and fifty Seamen, two thoufand and eighty Gaily Slaves, and two thoufand fix hundred and thirty Pieces of Brafs and Iron Ordnance. It was cotr.ruanded in Chief by Don Alphonzo 'Perez de Gufinan, Duke of Medina Si- ) (the Marquis of Santa Cruz, famous for his Behaviour in the I ,T I 1 I J'f fft' .''(f ' , f !l.>' w ' ; 3 50 Naval 7/ •atjfiittijws fincjn the Won k 1 1 f f^jun VX\i.\- till Irtfarti bpinurdi. the IJattcl ot Lel>aHiOy wlio was dcfi^iicd lor tlut Pull, il>iii^\\l„i| the Hcct was (ittiii^ out) aiul uiulcr hiiii was placed Don i\Urti tn';:> de Rccalde^ an old experienced Sea Ollictr K.\i IVijcay Qiicen Uizahitb having early Intelligence of the ^rcat Difvui againft her, made a luitable Preparation tor her Defence-, aiulfittmi out her Fleet under the Command ot Lhatles Lord /Ioi;:uril ot /./: Jiugbam^ Lord Hi^h Admiral of Eiij^land, ordered him to repair (o the Wcftward in tonjundion with Sir Fmncis 'Drake, whom Ihc made his Vice Admiral. And the Lord Henry Hcymour ftip com. inandcd to lie on the Coaft ot Flinders with forty EM^Ji/h and 'Dutch Ships (the latter under the Command of J uj/ in of k,ipu^ Admiral of Zealand) ro prevent the Duke ot" 'Farma\ coming out of the Ports there with the Force he was providing to join thcJ/ij. tiijh Armada on its Arrival. There were alio cliipolcd along the Southern Coafls oi England twenty thouland Land Men, befidcs ati Army of tw o and t\\ enty rhouland Foot, and a thoniand Horie, en- camped zl Tilbury, under ^ic Command of the Earl oi' Lcicejler, and another of lour and thirty thouland Foot, and two tlioulamj Horle, under the Leadnig ot the Lord HuHJdoHy tor the Guard ol the Qiieen's I'crlbn. The Upttnijh Fleet fct (ail on the firll of Jnue from the River ot flat /<•/,!., I- l^isbon, and lleer'd for the Groyne^ but were by a violent Temped T/'f Spill. Ill the Spjnih Vim f'lils (ram I lit (jrojfllC. Icparated, aud ihrec of the Cjallics, by the Stratagem of an En^ Slave, in conjuudion with tome of the Moorijh ones, being ruu in to a Port of FroHCCy the reft of the Ships arrived toon after in a dilabled Condition at the Groyne and the neighbouring Ports. This Circumftancc had like to have proved niore fatal to the Eh^HJ}) than i\k Spaniards thcmielvcs; tor theMinifters in England think- ing the Daraagri to the Fleet had been 16 great as that it could not proceed till the next Year, Secretary fFal/ingham fignificd the Queen's Plealiue to the Lord High Admiral to lend back four of his largeft Ships into Port ; but he, with more Dilcretion, retained them, alledging how dangerous it was to be tjo credulous in a Mat- ter of lb great Importance, and that he would rather keep the ShiiK out at his own Charge ; lb that making fail towards the Coad of Spaith l» order utterly to dcftroy the Enemy's fleet if it were al- ready lb dilabled) or to gain certain Intelligence concerning ir, if othcrwilb; he was not far from that Kingdom, when the Wind com- ing gbout to the Southward, he thought fit (his Inftrudlions being to guard the Englijh Coafts) to return to 'Flmouth, left the tame Wind ihould carry the Enemy by him unlccn. And indeed, with the very lame Wind, the Duke of Medina Sidon.a let tail with the \\,\iQ\c Jirtasda the twelfth Day ot jfulyy and in two or three Days dcMched a VelFel to the Duke of 'Parma, with Notice of his pro- ceeding lb far, and his Advices to him to be ready with the Troops jmi) Ships he vas direded to provide, in order to be wafted over to Et^tMid uador his Frote<^tion, immediately ou his Arrival ia the ^treighcs of Dover. At length the Fleet, after an indifferent PalTagc over the Bay of Bifeqyt arrived, on the nineteenth, in Sight oi England; on wliith ilii^illH: I OiApXVII. R^hiofthkimrFj//ijin\ 351 \i Inch ,„... IJiiic D.iy the I.ortI Ailiuir.il bcini:; intormcil hy C.iptain F/fW- ,„,'i' that the Kiiciiiy lud ciucrtil the Chanel and i;ot the Hci^htl) (,l (he Lizard, he, thouyh the Wind blow hjid nito 'Plnnuuth SoMiul, H"t 111'' S'''^** o"f ^" ^'•'^' ^'"'^ "^f wirhour great Dnlitulty, „i,| IK) ids l)ilii;cncc and Indiillry, he encouraging the Scaiucii to iihoiir hy hi^i I'lelencc amon^ them, and letting his own ffafids to ilifir V^'ork. The next l").iy the Enti^lijh dileovcr'd the Sp.int/h ''■■'^,-.\'M\u\i Hcvt 111 tbrin ot a Half Moon, (the l»oinrs whereof were a!)()iit Ic- "/"i.|||',[^'„lf vtii Mlks aliinder) coniini* (lowly up the Chanel , tho' with full SjiK the Sliips appeariiu', like 11) ntany floating Callles, and the O- uJM Iccmiiig to ^roan uiuler the Weight of lii'.Mii 1 he l.ordAii- iiiiral willingly (iillered them to pals by him, that lo he nii!:>lit thacc fli:m ill the Kcar, with all the Advantaj»c ot the Wind. 'J he rwcn- ry (irfl ot\7///v, he lent a Pinnat-c [)et()rc him, called the 7)< /JVi/zrc, ti) (bounce War aj»aiii(l the F.ncniy by the Dileharge of all her (inns ' '• ''"r' It which he iinincdiately leconded tiom his own Ship the /Irk Royal, ■^''■"- "" bv thiiiulrini; furionlfy on one of the Kneniy's, comniar,di\l by ^f/- '"'""'''• tlmji) de Iicva, which he took to be the Admiral's Ship ; 'Drnki, Ilii-Jins, and l''orbiJhi'r at the lame time vigoroidly cnuagcd the Knc iin, llcrninort Ships under the Conduct oi KecaUc^ who ulctl all the Endeavours which a gallant Officer could do to keep his Ships toijcther, bur, in Ipight of all his Fifforts, they retreated to the main jioily ot the Fleet, and at Ictigth, his own Ship being very much diiw^cd, he was forced to retire thither himlelf Although the Hj/mirds were lb briskly charged by the Kn^lifl:>, they mad'- a riiiiiiiiii; Fight of it ; for our Ships were li) light and nimble, tliat they found it would be in vain to adt oiherwile, and ib held on thoir Coiirle with all the Speed they eouki make. The l,ord Ad- ihimI coucinucd to ply them briskly lieftowed upon them good Plenty of Pitch, Tar, "^'^Hf^^'^^' and Rofin, and well lined them with Brimjioney and other combu- (lible Matter, he Icut them before the Wind, ill the Dead of the Nijhr, under the Condudt of Toung and Trowfe^ into the midft of ikSfuniJh Fleet. Their Approach was no Iboner dilcovered by the Sjmttiardsy and the prodigious Bkze they made, but fufpediing they were filled with Engines of Slaughter, (for many of them having been at the Siege of Antwerp, had Teen the deftrudlive Ma- chines made ufe of there) they (ct up a moft hideous Clamour, and imnjcdiately cutting their Cables, in a panick Fright put to Sea, with all the Coiifufion and Precipitancy imaginable. One of the Fleet, a large GalcalTc, having loft her Rudder, was tofs'd up aud down for lome time, and the next Day being flung upon the Sands before CiiUis, was taken by Amias Trefton, Thomas Gerrard, and Har- vcy, after a iharp and doubtful Dilpute, \Vherein Don Hugo de Mon- cuda, the Captain of her, was flain, and the Soldiers and RoWers either drowned, or put to the Sword ; and the Ship and Guns, af- ter the Englijh had plundered her of a confiderable Quantity of Gold, fell to the Governor of Calais. The Spaniards reported, however, that their Admiral, upon the Approach of the Firefliips, made the Signal for weighing Anchor, and ordered that each Ship, after the Danger was over, mould return to her Poft ; and he him- fclf did indeed return, and fired a Gun, as a Signal to the reft for doing the like ; but the Report thereof was not heard by many, for their Fears had fo difperfed them, that fome had got a confiderable way out to Sea, and others among the Shoalis on the Coaft oiFlan- ^o'i; yet thofe who heard the Signal endeavoured to come to their Rendezvous off of Graveling, where they were very warmly plied with Shot by Drake and Fenner, who were foon fupported by the Z z " Lord ■I'iK't ,V.; ; 354. NavalTranfad'wns fince the Book III. 11 !^ Lord High Admiral wich the reft of the Fleet ; at which time the Spanijh Captains Leva^ Oquendo, Recalde^ and fomc other?, hav- ing, w' ,1 much ado, got clear of the Shallows, ftood the Brunt of the E J'tjh Fire, as well as they could, till they were very much Ihatter'd. The Galleon St. Matthew^ commanded bv Don Dim dc T'tementello, coming to the AflTiftance of Don Fra. i-: to CannoH-Ball, that the Ships were very much Ihattered, and that they had no hopes of the Duke of VarmeC^ coming out to join them, they fliould return to Spaiuy North about the BritiJI) Illands ; pur- fiiant to which Refolution they made all the Sail they could. The Lord High Admiral, leaving the Lord Henry Seymour with a Squa- dron to affift the Dutch in blocking up the Duke of Tarma in the Ports oi Dunkirk and Newport y purfucd the Spanijh Fleer, and kept them in a continual Chace as far as the Firth of Forth, from whence they kept on their Courfe round by the Orkneys, the Weftern Iflands, and Jrelandy and the poor Remains of the Fleet arrived at length in a miferable Condition on the Coafts of Spain, feveral of the Ships having foundered at Sea, and no lels than ten being call: away on the Coaft of Ireland. Thus, in one Month's Time, was brought to Dcftrudion that for- midable Armaday which had been three whole Years in fitting out; the Lois of the Nobility and Gentry on board whereof was fo great, that there was hardly a Family in Spain but was in Mourning on this occafion, inlbmuch that King 'Philip was forced by Proclama- tion to fliorten the ufual Time for the fame; as the Romans of old, upon their great Defeat at Canna , fourd it necelTary to limit the publick Grief to thirty Days. Mean while, England rcfounded with Acclamations of Joy, and all the Protcftant Nations of Europe par- , » ticipated to return ho»,c. BookIII. I ChapXVII. Ruin of the^om. Empire* 55 '^hich time the ic other?, hav- d the Brunt of ere very much bv Dun "Lie^o ■a.'c'tfio deTo- nagc from %. % one of the "g been driven Flujhifig. The ccafioiis, great le Lord Henry \eld, the Eari hiitfrjudl, S/'r i FentOHy Cap- -aptaiu RqUh ner. s Day, would e Streights of It North- Weft, 10 Engl'ijh fee- , did not coa- I not fail being But the Wind s tacked, and il of War con- )u{ly refolved, , elpccialJy of , and that they to join them, Illands; pur- ^ could. The ^ with a Squa- Tarma in the FJeet, and kept ', from whence , the Wcftern 'Icet arrived at /'//, feveral of ten being cad Jion that for- n fitting out ; was fo great, Mourning on by Proclama- imans of old, ^ to hmit the ;rounded with ' Eurofe par- ticipated ticipatcd therein : And the Queen having made a publick Thankf^ giving, with great Solemnity, at St. 'Paul's, applied her felf to di- Iribute Rewards to the Lord- Admiral, and the Officers and Seamen of the Fleet, for their gallant Behaviour. The next Year the Queen thinking it both more fafe and more honourable to attack the Enemy than expcdl another AHault from rkm, gave leave for fitting out a Fleet, which Sir John Norrisy Sir FruHcis 'Drakcy and fome others, with exemplary Generofity and Readineis, undertook to defray the Expence of, with very lit- tle Charge to her Majcfty, except the keeping at Sea a few of her own Ships. The States of Holland willingly embarking in the I'aice Deiign, fent Ibme Ships to proceed in conjundion v.ith thele, and Don Antonio, the abdicated King of ^Portugal, who had retired mEngland, allbjoined them with iome others, well hoping, by the help of this Force, to be rcinftatcd in his Kingdom. Setting fail from flitnoiith they arrived in few Days at the Groyne, where they affaultcd the Lower Town, and carrymg it by Storm, burnt a great Qinntity of Ammunition and Provifion which was laid up there for a new Expedition to England. Then they attacked the Upper Town, very difficult of Accefs, and fprung a Mine or two which did confiderable Damage thereto, but a ftrong Body oi Spaniards ap- proaching to the Relief of the JPlace , Sir John Norris advanced a- gainft them, and having received their firft AfTault , charged them with liich Fury, that iliey fled with the utmoft Precipitation, and were (lain for three Miles together. Having plundered and burnC allthe adjacent Villages, it was thought fit to reimbark the Troops ; and thence the Fleet proceeding to the Coaft of 'Portugal ^ they were joined in their PafTage by the Earl of Effex. On their Arri- val before Peniche, near ihe BurlingSj the Land-Forces were put a- Ihorc, and the Caftle of that Place was prefently furrendered to King Antonio; and, upon the Encouragement they received from that Prince, the Troops marched on to Lisbon, but perceiving no Difpo- /Ifion in the People to declare for him, and being grown fickly, they made the befl of their way to Cafcais, where the Fleet was already arrived, aud had reduced t^z': Place. The Admiral having blown up part of the Caftic oiCafcais, and (eized fixty Sail of Snips be- longing to the Hans Towns , which were juft arrived there with Corn and Naval Stores, received the Troops on board, and fet fail homewards ; and having by the way burnt the Town of Vigo, and plundfered the adjacent Country, the Fleet foon arrived in Eng- W, with a hundred and fifty Pieces of Cannon taken from the E- nemy, and a very rich Booty befides. Queen Elizabeth having now a happy Experience of the good Effects of a potent Navy, was pleafed to put the fame on a better and more regular footing than it had ever yet been, affisning the condant Sum yearly of eight thouiand nine hundred and feventy Pounds for the Repairs thereof About this time the private Ad- venturers in the Nation were grown very numerous, and being en- couraged by having fo rich an Enemy as the Spaniards to deal with, they went out in Swarms to cruife upon their Shipping. The Z z z Earl 'sV A Fleet fitted out againfitht Spaniards. The Groyne attempted. The Earl of ElYex joins tht Fleet on the Coaft «/ Por- tugal. Cafcais redu- ced, and ma- rl'^ Ships ta- ken. Vigo iur»t, and the Coun- try plundered. ijpo. The SUfeen re- gulates her Navyt 'f ..:;ai, '; I 1 ' "'Hii* m \ip ■...M i< 35^ Naval Tr anf atUons fince the BookIII I q^ Earl of Cumberland was a noble Adventurer among them, who fail- ing to the Azores Iflands, leizcd the Town of Fayal, dcmolilhed the Caflle, and brought off fifty eight Pieces of Cannon. tj9«. In i5'9i the Lord Thomas novjard^ fecond Son to the Duke of Norfolk^ was fent out with a Squadron to intercept the Span't^ Plate Fleet in its Return from America^ who rcpairinij; for that pur- pofe to they/ztfyev, had continued for fix Months at Flores^ one of thofe Iflands, when Don Alfhonjb Bajfano, who was Jcnt out from Spain with fifty three Ships to convoy the Fleet home, came upon rhi Engiidi the Englijh fo unexpediedly, that the Admiral had much ado to get tufftdbyht Qm (Q Sea, and Sir Richard Greenvil in the Vice- Admiral Ship, fi'/Fiores.'" Called the Revenge, flaying for his Men, which were flraggling a- fhore, was hemmd in by tt\eS/anijh Fleet; with I'evcral of which he maintain'd a gallant Fight for fifteen Hours, till being himfcif mortally wounded, and his Ship much dilabled, he ordered her to be ftink ; but the reft of the Officers, not'confcnting' thereto, yield- ed her up to the Enemy, on promife of their Lives and Liberties, and Sir Richard was carried on board- the Sptinifl:} Admin\, where he died within two Days, with great Commendations from the ve- ry Enemy of his extraordinary Courage and Brivcry : But the Ship founder'd Ihortly after at Sea, with two hundred Spa^'iards on boird her. The Lord Howard^ who had now with him !)ut five Ships, would have engaged the Enemy, notwithftahding their vaft Superio- rity, had he not oeen diffuaded by the other Officers from fo ra(h an Undehaking ; fo that he returned homewards, and in his'Paf- Rich Spanirti fagc made amends for the Lofs of the Revenge, by taking fevcral ships ukn. tich Spanifl> Ships.' Riman and About'thc' fame time George Riman and James Lancafier under- Lancafter/« (Qok a Voyage to the Eajl-lndies, and doubling the Cape oiQood Ea/Tndies. Hofc, proceeded to Cape Qorientes, where Riman being loft in a Storm, Lancajier went on to the Comorro Iflands, and thence to Zanzibar^ where having winter'd, he continued his Voyage "to J»- dia, and by the way taking fome Vefl!els belonging to ^Pegu, and fpme Tortuguefe Ships laden with Pepper and Rice, he proceeded X.O Ceylon, and thence to the Ifle of Nicubar, near Sumatra, where taking into Confideration that he had but thirty three of his Crew alive, aiid that his Provjfions were grown very ihorr, he made the beft of his \yay homewards; and. having touched at St. Helena Sot Refrefl}ments, was, after leaving that Ifland, carried away by the Trade Winds to the Ifle of Trimdada, in America, from whence he proceeded to' Mona, near Torto Rico,, where going aihdre with fome of his Men for Refrelhments, their Ship vas in the mean time for- ced away by Strefs of Weather with only leycn Perfons on board her, but neverthelefs got fafe to England with her rich Lading ; and at length Lancafter himfelf, with the- reft of his Men, being taken on board by a French Ship, were alio brought home ; andby the Experience they had learned in this Voyage, firft tauglit their Coun- trymen the Method of Commerce in the Eajt-h:dies, and hid the Foundation of that fince raoft flourifhing Truuc This fame Year Captain 27;(?»74J- Cavendijh, already remiv.ablc for his late Voyage round round the V| to the Strl Winds and [ the Coafts loft Bicarh The ncxj under the I (ion Ihould ?mrtta,\\ Ei/w/'f, or en board, three Mont| ticeof the Jtncrica thl nilene befj return to one whcrco to ciuifc on rff«?/)r, (ceo cceqtothey Cari'acks, \\ home: Thi EarlofCr/w and in a Ihc good Succcfs ihcm, to pn tcr a Iharp God, a fcvcn very rich La( Pounds on it and Seamen 111 1)93 Ri iiioiis Seamar with a Comr hcrica, an his Ships wai KtodekTl Book III. | ChapXVU. Rutnof the Rom. Empire. 357 round the World, went out with five Ships on auothcr Expedition <.-»vendiii, to the Srrcights of Magellan^ but being prevented by contrary £'/,J//,/,','' Winds and bad Weather from pafling the Jarac, was driven back to Mageiim. the Coads oiBrafil, and there died, charging John Davis with hj^ laftDrcarh with having trcachcroufly deferred him. . , : The next Year the Queen fitted out a Squadron of fifteen Ships Tyi- under the Command of Sir JVaker Raleigh^ ordering Iiini, as occAr '"' Waitci flon Ihould bcft fervc, either to proceed to America^ nnd leizc on l^;',',',^''//'/' funaraa, whither the Gold is brought in order to be exported to sp.nianls. EnwM orto intercept the Spanijh Flota after it had taken thc'lamc en board. But he being detained in Port by contrary Winds for three Months together, and the Spaniards having gained fome No- tice of the Dcfign, order was taken that no Ships Ihould fail from Mmca that Year. Sir JValter had got the Heighth of Cape Fi- nijlene before he received that Inrclligcncc, and rhcn relblving to return to England hirafcll^ divided his Ships into two Squadrons, one whereof he committed to Sir Martin ForbiJhet\ with Oj'dcrs toctuifeon theCoaft oi Spain, and the other to Captain ^oAw ^««u rw/)f, Iccond Son of the Lbrd Burroughs, directing him to }^x6- ctmo tint Azores, and there lie in wait for the TortuguefeEaJt-lndia Caffacks, which alfo ufed to touch at thofc Iflands in their' way home. Thither Captain Burroughs failing accordingly, found the Earl oiCtimberland at Flores with three Ships on the lame Defig% and in a fliort time the cxp'edled Carrack's arriving, they had. fb good Succcfs, that they forced the Voriuguefe to fct fire to one of The Portu- thcm, to prevent her tailing into the Hands of tho Englijh, and af- si'^re /rr one tcr a iharp Engagement, they took another called, the Mother ofaJd Tnoth!J' Coit, a fcvcn decked Ship, manned with fix hundred Men ^ with a rich one h very rich Lading on board, valued at a hundred and fifty thoufand '"'""■ l-ouuds on its Arrival in England, over and above what the Officers aiidScamcn had plundered her of when taken. hi^()} Richard Ha-'^kins, \\\q Son oi S\x John Hwji'kins, the fa- i???. 11M5 Seaman we have before mentioned, went out with three Ships, with a Commiffion from the Qiieen to infcft the Spaniards in South- hcr'ica, and lailing firft to the Iflc of St. Anne, where the leaft-of his Ships was accidentally burnt, proceeded thence to the Mouth of Riode la Tlata, where he took z^Tortuguefe Ship, and from thence Hnwiviir^ repairing to the Streights of Magellan, was by the way deferred by "^'[ " ''o"»- another of his Ships. Having pad the Streights with great Difli- ^'"^'^ ^ "■'' culty, he failed along the Coafts of Chilis where, at ValTaraifo, tie took five laden Merchant Ships, one of which he carried offi and ranl'omed the reft: Thence proceeding to the Gulph of Atacama, he was eucounter'd by the Spaniards with eight Ships, with which having maintained an obftinateFight for three Days, he was at length ri, Spaniards forced to accept of the Enemy's Offers of Life and Liberty for him- o--^i>-"mt Iclf and his Men, and furrender'd upon thole Terms. , '^' *"''""*■ 1\\zv&ViYfixJohnLancajler, who had been feut out with three IJ94. Ships and a Pinnace on a private Account, had better Succefs againft Lnncaikr ikSfaiiiards on the Coafl: of Brajil, where he took thirty nine of '•»'■'" »"'»> thcii' Ships, and then joining Company with Ibme other Engli/h,lf^';i^^''^'f' 7)Htch,fQua. I' * ..,1" u^l il kl i« h. !i W' II 11 J I I.I i'jii: 358 'Naval TranfaBlons fince the Book III. B ChapX flitch and French Ships that were cruifing in tliofc Seas, refolvcd to attempt 'Pernatnbtica a Town upon that Coaft, wlierc he under. Hood a connderabic Trcallirc was lodged that had been laved from an Eajl India Carrack, caft away near that Place. Accordinolv Pernambuca taken l/y L,in- calter. Two JtlCDIg Squalrjni fit- ZJncc, and other Places. Ill Cotrwall, nuki;:g a Dcl'ccnt there, he took the lower Town and the Port by Storm, and having maintained it for a Month, in which time he loaded fifteen Ships with the Cargo of the forelaid Carrack, and o- tlicr rich Commodities, then quitted the lame, and returned in Safe- ty to England. And now, upon the univerfal Rumour fprcad throughout Europe that the Spaniards weie about to invade England with a more for- midable Fleet man the former, the Queen fitted out two Squadrons the one to remain in the Brittjh Seas, to withftand the Enemy there ted out aiaiiiji -md thg Other dcfigncd for a Diverfion to them in America^ under paniai i. ^j^^ Command of Sir Francis T^rake and Svt'John Ha-jjkins. The former of thefe Squadrons did not keep lb good a look- out, but that ©o« T)iego Brocbcr, with four Sfanijh Gallies, arriving at Break of Day in Mount's Bay in Cornivall, landed fome Men, and burnt rt« Spaniards Moufe-hole, Neiz'Hn, and Tenzancey with a neighbouring Church, bn>n Pen- {jyf without fo much as taking or killing a Man; and they were the lad Spaniards that ever landed in England as Enemies, The Fleet in the mean time, under T)rake and Hawkins^ who were joint Ad- mirals, letting Sail from England., with a Body of Land Forces on board , commanded by Sir 'Thomas Baskerville., repaired iirft to Grand Canary, the Chief of the Iflands of that Name, and after a fruitlefs Attempt to reduce the fame, with Intent to have kept it, proceeded to the Ifland 'Dominica ; where making too long a Stay to build fome Pinnaces, the Spaniards had Notice of their >lrriva( and put themfelves every where in a Pofture of Defence : lb that upon their coming before St. Juan de 'Torto RicOy the Place their chief Defign was againd, they found it fo well fecured, that, after an Aflault or two, wherein they were repuls'd with confiderable Lofs, they failed over to Terra Firma, and burnt Rio de la Hachs, ^udiSta. Martha, two confiderable Towns in thofe Parts; and thence proceeding to Norn bre de'Diosy deftroyed that Place likcwifewith the Shipping there, but met not with a Penny of Money in the Town, From thence a Body of leven hundred and fifty Land Men marched over- land towards Yanamay but as they were on their Way through fome Defiles they were to pafs, they were fo gauled with Shot from the Woods, and finding befides the Pafs defended by a new ercdcd Fort, that they made the bcft of their Way back to the Fleet; where Sir Francis 'Drake being feized with a bloody Flux, what with that Diftemper, and Difcontent at the ill Succels of thisExpe- Hawkins and dition, died in few Days, and S\x John Ha-tzikins being already de- ceafed at Torto Rico, the Fleet was left deprived of both its Admi- rals, and made the bed of its Way to England. Near the lilc of Tines, off of C«^«,they wereattack'd by the SpaniJhYkcx, which had lain in wait for them fome time, but gave them lo warm a Re- ception that the Enemy foon fheer'd off; and the Fleet, at length. attct Drake and Hawkins 11- pulfedat I'or- 10 K.co. Tt.e hnnlilh bitin Ilio de U Hai.lia and Sta. .Martha, Sir Francis Drake die. BookIII. 8 ChapXVII. Ruin of thcRom. Empire. 359 itrer hiviiig bccii ciiiht Months out on this unllicccrsful Expedition, ^' (''-■"/' ^' fCtiifiieJ to hiJghiid. _ ,^, P,,„,,^, 111 rlic Begmiiin:^ of the lame Year, Sir IP alter Raleigh^ who .;«,i liium- hid t'illcn into ibine Dilgrace with the Queen, on account of an i^',',^^,, jmoroiis Intrigue he ha(i entertain'd too near her Mjjelly's Perlbn, der^iata c Seas, refolvcd ^vlierc he under- >ccn iaved from ^ Accordingly ind the Port by which time he Carrack, and o- returned in Safe- )ughout Europi^ ^virh a more for- two Squadrons, he Enemy there, America, under Ha-jjkm. The ok- out, but that irriving at Break Men, and burnt ibouring Church, tid they were the nies. The Fleet were joint Ad- F Land Forces on repaired iirft to ame, and after a to have kept it, too long a Stay of their Arrival, )efence : fb that , the Place their :ured, that, after I'ith confiderable R'lO de la Hacha, ?>art3 ; and thence ace likewifewith ney in the Town. id Men marched leir Way through 1 with Shot from ?y a new ercdcd ck' to the Fleer I )dy Flux, what Is of this Expe- being already dc- )f both its Adnii- Near the llle of 7///^ Fleer, which m io warm a Re- ; Fleet, at length, after 111 order to recover het Flavour by Ibmc worthy Exploit, undertook '".v.!,"' '" aVoyjgcat his own Exprr.cc, xoGniaiia in America, where, mil- '""""'• t'liidcdby the Reporto oi' Come Sj^ai/iards, he was in Hopes to have found qrcat Store of GoIq. Repairing firft to Trinidaddy he took it»- the chief Town of that Ifiand, and there leaving his Ship, went over with a hundred Men in a few Pinnaces to Guiana, and (ailed up the great River Orouoque, four hundred Miles into the Country, encountering with infii)itc Difficulties in his PafTage, fo that he was at Jeii.nh forced to return to Trinidada^ without any other Advan- ra-e than haviug gained fonic Knowledge of the Country. From thence repairing to Comaiia, he burnt that Town, upon the Inhabi- ';?"",'' ""^ tjnrs rcfiifing to ranlbm it on his Terms, after which letting fire to L;'.';V/'i'./.. Icvcral Cottages at Rio de la Hacha and Sta. Martha, he made iti!;!!. the bed of his Way to England; and notwithftanding his Difappoint- racntin this Expedition, made one or two more on the lame Dcfign, ilio' the Spaniards had planted a numerous Colony at Triiiidadn to oppofc his Attempts. About the lame time the Captains 'Prejtoii and Kilmers pillaged the Idc of 'Porto Santo near Madera, and ihence repairing to America, plundered the Idc of Cohe, near Mar- f^'^'^i' ^'''\ imti, with the Towns of St. Jago de Leon and Coro in Terra i,i:m!cred\) 'Firm. And a few Months before, three Ships, fitted out by the i'iLrt(jn,S(nn. Eiil oi Cumkrland, under the Command of Captain Cave, failing '""^' '^~''' W(k Jzores, attacked a large tPcr/w^w^y^ Carrack, called the ./vx'^ WmndsofChriJi, which being fet on fire in the Engagement, was burnt with all her Cargo, and had like to have involved the Englijh that engaged her in the fame Fate. The Reports of the King of Spain's great Preparations ftill con- tinuing, and he having by the Accefllon oCCalais, lately taken froni tlic Fmtch, and the late ualiicccfsful Expedition of T)rake and Hrdm, received fomc Encouragement to renew his Attempts a- pinil England and Ireland, the Queen, in order to divert the Storm, thought it proper to attack the Enemy in his own Ports, and to that purpolc fitted out a Fleet of a hundred and twenty fix '!f9<5. Men of War, feventeen whereof were herMajcfty's own Ships, and fitte'/Z/a'-" I the reft hired, with feven thoufand three hundred and fixty Land ^'""/i'/'fSpa- Mcncnboard, the whole under the joint Command of the Earl of ^^:^^^^\"^'^"' f/ftvandthc Lord High Admiral Ho-juard, affifted by a Council of Howard. I War confirting of the Lord Thomas Howard, Sir IP alter Raleigh, SirFrawa'j Vere, Sir George Care'S), and Sir Coniers Clifford. To I thi,i Armament the States General added a Squadron of tweury four Ships, under the Command of the Sieur Fan 'Duvenvoord, and the Fleet fet Sail from Tlimonth, with a Ical'd Rendezvous (appointed '0 be ar Ca^/iSyi delivered out to each of the Commanders not to beopcn'd till they were pad Cape St Vincent. £1 1 ' mm i l-'ffl 'M V M i:-: vtti 3^0 Naval TranfaSions fince the Book III. ■ Chap X Thi tint ttmii t» Ca- dix. In few Days arriving at Cadiz the Fleet came to an Anchor be- fore St. Sebaft'tatfs ; whereupon, as foon as the Tide came in the Sfanijh Ships of War ran up to the Tuntal, and the Merchant Ships over to Tort-Real. A Council of War being held on board rhc Englijh Fleer, it was refolved to attack the Enemy with the Ijaht- eft and nimbleft Ships, and that the Lord Thomas Hoivardy Sir /^a/" ter Raleigh, Sir Thomas Southwell^ Sir Francis Vere, Sir Geom CareWy 2XiAS\t Robert Crofs, with forac others fhould execute this Service, who couragioufly palTing by the Fire of the Town, bore up towards the Spanijh Snips, fcveral of which endeavoured to pre- ferv: temlclves by Flight, and making the bed of their Way to to %m bottom of the Bay, where the Ifland of Cadiz is join'dtorhe Cout',; >t by the Bridge of Suaco^ were conveyed by a Machine 'fj^L i narrow Chanel into the Sea on the South Side of tjie rn? SpaniOi Gal- litm and Gal- liis iurnt. Puntal takm ty ihi Dutch, and Cadiz iy thi Englilh. Tht Spaniards fit fin to thiir Mtr- tham Shift, lliand, eye " only two or three of them that were prevented from eicaping by Si; John Wingficld in the Vanguard. However many of the Galleons and Gallies kept their Station at the Tmtal, and received the Broadfides of the Englijh, which they returned for feme time with equal Fury ; but were at length fo fhattcr'd and difabied, and had fo many Men killed, that the Spaniards thinking them no longer tenable let them on fire, with liich Precipitation, that great Multitudes of Men were forced to throw themlelves into the Sea, where they muft have miferably pcriflied, had they not been gene- roufly relieved and taken up by the Englijh. At the fame time the i Spanijh Admiral called the St.Thilip, a Ship of 1500 Tuns, was blown up by a Moorijh Slave's fetting fire to the Gunpowder, which deftroyed two or three other Ships that lay near. The Tlutch bravely attacked and carried the Fort oCPuntal, where the Earl of Ejfex prefently landed with a Body of Troops to attempt the City on the Land Side, while the Ships (hould do the like from the Sea, by whofe joint Efforts the Town was taken in few Hours, and the I Caftle furrender'd next Day upon Terms. j Sir Walter Raleigh, the mean while, was ordered to go over with! fome of the lighteft Frigats to Tort-Real, to deftroy the Fleet on Merchant Ships which had retreated thither, to whom was olFercda] Ranfom for them of two Millions of Ducats, but while the Lord] Admiral was confulted about it, who reiufed to lave them on any I Terms, the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who commanded in thole I Parts, faved the Englijh the Labour, and fet them on fire himfclf,[ by which the King of Spain loft in Shipping, Money, and Provi- fions to the Value of above twenty Millions of Ducats. The^-j lijh being now in full Pofleffion of the Town and Caftle of CadizA the Earl of Ejfex was for maintaining the fame, which he offered tol do with only four hundred Men and three Months Provifions, andj with him concurred Sir Francis Vere, and the 2)«?f/j Admiral ©H venvoord', but the Lord High Admiral, with all the other Com-I manders, being utterly averie thereto, after they had plundered the! Ifland, demolimed the Forts, and burnt down levcral Houfcs in thcj City, the Fleet let Sail from thence, and repaired to Faro in the! Algarve, which Place they found dcicrted by the Inhabitants, Af-I teri BookIII. ■ Ci!ApXVII. Ruin of the ^om. Empire, 361 an Anchor bc- ide came in, the c Merchant Shins :ld on board rhc y with the light. ^oic'tfr nor in the neighbouring Port oi Fcrrol. He was very ear/jdl w liavc made an Attack ticvcrthclcls on the (jroyiu\ or to liavc :itti'ni[)tcd the Spam/h Ships in the Port ol" St. Andniv^ or SiSchJli'iti'a, wherein the 'Dutch agreed with him, but was ovcr- lulcJ ill all fhcic Points by the Lord Admiral and the other Officers, lotlut the Fleet making the beft of its Way home, arrived in Salcry, ;/,, f/„, „. brin^i;,;\\ith them two G.'.Mcons and a hundred Brals Guns, with innnhom: avm iicli and valuable Booiy bcnjcs, having dcftroycd eleven of rk i\">-^ of S/^ai/t'a mofl fcrviccablc Ships of War, tbrry Indian Mcrdiiiit Men, and four others, bcfidcs a vail: Quantify of Provi- fions .nid Stores both for Sea and Land Service. The Earl o[' E£ex believing that at his Return Icvcral Objedtions might be made to thcCondudt of the Expedition, his Lordfliip drew up a Paper, in which he Hated the fame, together with his Aniwers thereunto, the SuWhiice whereof is as follows, and very much agrees with the t'orc:^oing Account. Olijulioii. That the firft and principal Thing omitted in the Voyage was, that they did not endeavour to pofTcfs thcmlelvcs r the Fleet which was bound to the Indies, fince the Loading thcreoi would not only h.ivc defrayed all the Charges of the Expedition, but have enabled the Crown for a long while to have continued the War H'ith Sfain. Anfijaer. If I had been followed the firfl: Morning when wc came before the Harbour ,.cnf Cadiz; or if we had entered rhe fame on Sunday in the Afternoon, when wc were under Sail, and within Can- non-ihor of the Enemy's Fleer, or after the Ships of War were ta- ken and burnt the next Day: I fay if any Number of our Ships had goHC up, as I my Iclf urged by Mcflagc to Sir Arthur Ajheley (uho, being Secretary at War, was to record every Man's Services or Omiliions) that Fleet might have been fcizcd without any great Difficulty , for the firft Morning their Men were not on board, (as bh been confeflcd by our Prilbncrs) nor could they have had time to confiilt what was fitting to be done for their Preiervation. In the Afternoon of the fame Day wc fhould have found the Men of War, and the Merchant Ships together, lb that wc might have engaged them at the fame time, and defeating the one have poflelTed ourlcivcs of the other. And even the next Day, prefcntly after our Succcfs agaiuft the King's Ships, the others would have been fo con- founded, that we might not only have taken them, with their va- luable Loading, but the Gallies alio, as our Prifoners, and Captives redeemed out of the laid Gallies, have afTurcd us. But the firft Morning when I was entering into the Harbour, al- Bwdallihe Fleet came to an Anchor by the Point of St. SebaJiian'St abgucwide of me, and thereby gave the Enemy an Opportunity ot lending Men and all Neccflaries on board their Ships. A a a When, A'' •1i \\ > . I It ■''< %: i.i\ \r ( '■■■H' 3/^2 Naval tranfafHo:is fincc the BookIH, When, in the Arrcrnooti, I was j^oiiu:; io, I coulJ not get ni,inv Ships to weigh tlicir Anchors nor would tholo that did lb ^oji, ,virj, mc; anil ihc next Da) I had niuJi ado to nuke onr Ships fiohrat all. Nay even when it had picalcd God to j;ivc iis Vidlory, neither my Pcrluafions, nor Prorcftations conld prevail with tiiolc whowac Sea Comiuaiidcrs to attempt the Indian Meet, wliilc we alTaikd the Town, lo that the Enemy hadalnioft Ibrty ciglit Hours time to bum their own Ships. Objcti'ion. That we abandoned Cadiz when we were pofTcncdcf tc, whcicas tiie holding that Place would have btrn a Nail iii the Foot of the Spiui'ijh Monarchy, and been of great ulc to us in our Wars in thole Parts. Anjv:cy. Some oftiie Se.i Commanders, and cfpecially my Col- Icgne, did not only oppolc tint Defign, (whole conciurcnt Advice my Inlhudions obliged nic ro follow) but when we came to con- f^vler w hat Force was nccclTny to be left there, I was afTurcd that every Ship complained of Want?, inlomuch that there was a general Dilcourlc of the Neccllity of returning home; and I Ibuiul I could not have one Ship to remain at CV/ was, not only becauic it WMS a principal I'orr, Init the moll likely to he held hy us, in Rc- •::A HOC only to the Situation and natural Sticngth thereof, but ri„ir alii) from thence wc might (if Ionic greater Service did not ili- vjtii) go to all the Ports betwixt that and the ncthcrmoft Parts ot/i./ivyv, wiiich Icemed better to mc than to have alarmed the E- luiay lirll in the nii(ii1 of his Country, or the nearelt Part thereof topurs, ill Regard that by adting in that manner our Attcinps would 'ia\ibccn more difHcuir, and our Retreat at laft from thofe lartheft Parts Ids lafc, confidering the Wants, Sicknels, and other Inconvc- mcncics which generally attend Fleets and Armies in long Voyages. Ik after we had done what wc could at Cadiz, it was by ail our Sea Officers thought a capital Od'cncc lb much as to mention the palling over the Bar of St, Lucar. IVjcwccn St. Lucar and Lisbon there Is not any good Port, and tio;,ulic latter I was rcftraincd by my Inlbudtions: Nay though wc liuJ cccn permitted to have gone rliitlicr, yet I found our Seamen crniclamc Caft, that S\x Francis 'Ihak' and his Company were, u ,1011 they loft the Opportunity of taking that Place, nor caring to paiiby tlic Caftlc of St. "Jnlian. liom Liikn to the Groyn there is not any Port capable of con- tjiiiiii^ cither the King of Spain '^, or other large Shipping ; but to ticlarter Place I, at length, prevailed with them, not without great DiSciiky, to go, having both vowed and protefted againft their Rc- fuljl, and even parted Company w ith them when they olTcred to hold oiuhcir Courlc ; but when we came to the Mouth of the Har- bour, and lent in Ibme fmall Vclfcls we could not diicover any ihini; there, nor at Ferrol, for in that Port we alio looked. After this wc held our laft Council, and then I urged going to y.Jiidre-jj'sTaff'age, St. Sel/aJ/ian's, and all the principal PortsUfJ nmrli s/npi filled mt iin- dcrtroyed the gre.itcll p.ut of the Ships, and put an end lor the prelcnr to the Defii^n. The next Year the Qiiccn, upon frclh Advices of the Contiiuuncc of the Kin^', of Spa:;i\ Preparations a^ainft InUud, had rccouric to her uliial I'radie: of finding him Employment at home, and to tint puipoli: fitted out a Meet of forty Ships of War, with levcnry viilu- ailing Siiips and 'I'endcrs to accompany them, and a coiifidcraMc Body of Land rorecs on board, to vvliich the States adding ten Men of War under theSicur I'aii'-DuiiUxoord, the whole w as dn idcd inm three S*.]uadrons the firll under the Command of the Earl oi'Ed'i'x, who was (ieneral and Commander in Chief in this Expedition, the fccond iiiuler i\\QLoxi\ Thotfias llozaatd , and the third under Sic ll'alttr Raleigh. The Dvfigii in View was fnfl; to liirprizc the Spa'iijl) Ships in the Harbours of the G'to\i/e and /urrol, and then to intercept the /«• diaii Fleet at the Ai::,orcs. And accordingly the Fleet, after haviii' I'ufTercd one or two Repullcs by bad Weather, repaired to the J^y- nift? Coalls, but by their hovering near the Shore o)i /ljliir't,is, iu- (lead of running in liircdly to Ferrol and the Groyne, the Enemy were forewarned of their Approach, and had io much time to pre- pare lor their Delence, tha", in a Council of War, the Execution of imfrafiUatu the fiffl Dcflgn w as thought impradicabic, and they came to a Re- todiiempiihi iblution to proceed to rhey^i:(?;cj-, at the lame time making the Oil- (Jirync and pofition of cach Squadron to the Station it lliould take at thole Ifjjnds, allotting to the Lord Ejlex, Admiral and Commander in Chicii the \([coi Fay a I, that oiGratio/a to the Lord //ox-iW, and the Ifland i^ico to Sir H' alter Raleigh ; w Inch latter having broke his Main- Yard ofTof Cape ////.y/r^vr, was nor come up wiih the Fleet when this Relblution was taken ; but, upon a right Judgment of what would be detcrniined, when he had repaired his Damage, continued his CourIc to t\\Q Azores , where, at the Illand /^/om, he recovered the rc(l of the Fleet. Raleigh being in want of Water, landed fome Men without leave from Ell'cXi in (jrder to furniih himlcif therewith, and had icatcc began to fill his Casks, when immediately the General lent him Or- ders to follow him to Fayal, which he did accordingly ; but not meeting \\uh him there, and upon tiking a View of the Harbour, finding the Inhabiranrs were Ibcuring their Goods, and the Garrifon throwing up PvCtrcnchmcnts, he, with the other Commanders in his Company, unanimoufly agreed to attack the Place if the Lord Ef Ji'x lljould not arrive in lour Days, which he not doing, they ac- cordingly j Feirol. lilt Tint covits 10 iht Azores. (^n^pXVIl. Ruin of the Worn. Empire. 365 lor.imily lainl^'t!. •>"•' P'^clcntly piitrhig the Fncniy to flinlir, pof- lf„;.j'thcm(c'vcs ot the Town : I his Action, pcrfortucirin Bllfrx lixAliii'-'c, and without his Onkrs l>rcil ill IJIooil between him if^\llilfi^h\ bur tor the prclait l.iyini^ afulc tlicir Rclcntnicnts, tlic iJilcilf in conjundion, with the rcli of tlic Meet to Cltartoja, a;i();i:c' "I the Azores ^ the Inhibitants whcteof liibiuiricil them- IcVftii the Mercy oi the liiiglijh ; and there the l,ord (jcneral dc- (;_in,,|t) have « aired tfic Arrival lA' ihc /Imeruan Fleet, till being iblik^ilv iliirnadul from it by one of his Pilots on pretence .t was i.oticoiivuoilioiis n.iiboiir for Shipping, he lailcd tlicnce with the y pjrt oi the Meet to St. Mic/.iai'J's, leavin,wj/>tON, and Sir It'iUiam MtjnJo:i\ to Jijtic like to theWclhvard oi Grafiofa. £,/, V lull no looiicr Kit th.it llluid, bur the Flota from y/mer/ca ariiuil there, (.onfirtiiL; ' f forry Sail, which immediately upon no- tic: lii it the AV/f;////v wcic ill thole Parts, bore away thence to Ter- tt>.i. aiiJ arriv ini; all th.crc in Safcry, (except three ftr.igglin^ Ships ivhulnuTC taken by Sir fl''il!iirn Monfin) ran into the I'otc o\' /In- (i.\ tl.c chief Pbcc of the Klaiid, which was defended with levcral 'M>, well t'.urilon's.'d, ami moimrcd with Gun^i. Southumptoii^ Vcrc i';,\ Mvi lijit imm-di.uely dilparchcil a Frigate to St. M/c/jae/'s to tivcilic Lord (jentral Advice thereof, who in a Day or two after jniiiiiiii them oir of Tercet a, took a View of the Enemy, and find- in' I, cm III a very advanu^wOii; Situation, with their Ships drawn u;idic iiiiior the Forts, came to a Rclolution not to make any ^'.\;!ipt (.11 thciu, and returned with the Fleet to St. AlJchaers; \\h:K iiirciulin;.', to make a Delcciit, and attack Cindad, the chief Tn.ii of the illmd, he went out himlclf in a Boat to dilcover a comciii nr I.air.luii^ I'l'.cc, biic foiiiul all things there alio fo well fcpiu! li); iiib Reception, tlui that Dcfign was likcwile judged im I'.ivi A in Cratiofa m- km. I'/'cAllK't'lMtl rail. I Ciinn It (iriiluH in ll/t jHl'jtlHt ll/ l.iicx. Imfratficaitt 1.) ait'mi>t iht '■p.iniaiHs at TcrcL-r,!. !.■,! V' ci'iic. However, leaving AV/A'/ijA with Ibmc Ships to amulc icni) nt that Place, he went himl'lf with the reft to Villa I, ,1 Town about fix iMilcs diflanf, which he liirprizcd and V.fXcx takii Villa Kianca. The Spaniards run •! nth Ship on jhoit. •■A i;i: mc.in while Raleigh difcovered at Sea an Enjl India Car- ra;<, the Com;n.;ndcr whereof perceiving, by the firing of Guns on b rjonc of the 'Dutch Ships, that an Enemy was near, and prc- Iciwly at'er dilcovering the Ships which lay in wait for her, vio- k't'ivrau luT a'bort iull: under the Town, where her Cargo being U'\^X Expedition i.iown out, flic was let on fire, and burnt for tKiD.iys to.!;criier. S(< that Fortune Icemiiig to declare hcrielf a- g ill ti'.c r.iijjifj? by lo 'iiany Dilappointmcnts in this Expedition, flic. ;>".(;|\;d t,. make rhe bell of their way home, and letting lail aci')rdiii;iiy from Sr. MicboH^^ they three Days after met with a riobt .Sr,)'fn, which dilpcrfcd the Fleet for levcral Days. About i!i'.' iJinc time the Spamjh Meet which lay at Ferrol, having put fcni the 1 e for th.^ Coall of England^ was cncountrcd by the fame -otn', whicli handled them very roughly, fo that they loft fevcral SiMnid. shp, cftlicir Ships, and one of them was forced by Srrefs of Weather 'V'""»^"" "»• into «''i; !'■'.'. „ %m ,i:^)i:i|; me 1,1 n( ij'/i. /I) AiiitiiJ.i. He l-ihs I'ul- tu Rk-o. :^66 Naval T ra7ifattioiis fiticc the Bo ok Hi \\\X.o 'Dai t month, with her Men alinoll llimillicd, \v'Iio reported that the Enciuy's Dcfigii w ;is to have Ici/.cil ibiiic Tori in Vmu'^uU^ and nuintaincd die lame, to find the /^'//^///^ Divcrfioii at hunie, ;rad la- ciiiiatc their Conveyance ol'Succours koKXi Spain lo Inland^ liy hav- ing an Haiboiir to retreat to in calc of bad Weather. Our Fleet, The vhc! ay- howcvcr, abciit the {',nd of Oclob.r arrived in I\u^:^land in a inudi " '■•^- better Condition, without having loft ib much as one of its N'um. ber, tho" Ibmcwhac buttered and diiabled by having been out lo late in the Year. Ihe Ibllowing Year the Earl of Cumberland-, haviu;:; (Irtcd out eleven Ships at his own Expcnce, lailcd with them to the Coafls of 'Portnaal, witli d.fign to intercept the Kajt-lndiu Carrack'j bound out from Lisbon ; but the Enemy, upon notice of his 1) in<' o(]"tlic i Coaft, determined to lolc their Voyage, and not go out nil next Scaion ; of which iie having hueliigence, thought it would be to no purpole to wait for them, and therefore made the bell ot" his i:.„lofCv.u- way to the Canaries, where he took and plundered tlic I Hand and iittiimi /.!.'.<< Xown oi' Lancrroia ; from whence he made lai! i'ox ylnicrica, and a^Tj'roar'.ii arriving at the Illuul Torro Rico, landed Ibmc Men, and attacking the Town, Ibon made himlclf Matter of if, with the Lois of not above thirty of hisMcn, tho' there were in the PlaccaGarriloii of four hundred Soldiers, befidc-. the Inhabitants. Being pofTefred of this Town and Port, he intended, on account of its convenient Situation, to have made it his Seat of War, and from thence to have cruilcd ai^ainft the Enemy, and with that View turned out all the Inliabitanis, ro::- withftanding the vaft Offers of Gold and Silver Plate they made lor their Continuance, lint, after about forty Dajs Stay there, the sich!e;'sof Li4 bloody Flux and other Diftempers carried oil' llich great Niirabcrs of his Men, that he was forced to e]uit the lame, and returned toEii^- land \\\\\\ more (ilory than Wealth, bringing with him above fmy Pieces oi' Brals Cannon. Soon alter this Qiiecn Elizabeth, for the Increalc of Trade and Improvement of Navigation, eredling an /frf/'/-///^M Company, they in the Year 1600 lent out three Ships to that Country, under the Condudt o\' James Lancajlcr , whom \vc have already mentioned as the firft Englijhman who made a Trading Voyage to thole Parts. Thither the Company continued to lend Ships every Year, and in a lliort time cftabliihed Icvcral Fadtorics in the Mognl\ Empire, in both the 'Pcnin/iild^ of India, and in Sumatra, Java, Lbnta, and Japan. ThcSpaniards having about this time brought fomc Gallics to Slii)'s, in order to cruile from thence chic/ly againft the Zealand VrmtccK, they did alio take their Opportunities lomctimcs to infeft the Coafts of Kent ; whereupon the Queen thought fit to build likewilc ionic Cjallies, to the Charge whereof the City of London very liberally contributed, and they were furnilhed with Men for the Oar from the fcveral Jails ; but this Projed proved in the end to little purpole. The next Year was fitted out aSi.]uadron of eight of hcrMajclly's Men of War, to which being added Ibiuc hired Ships, they were nut Men ihi 1 Ull »/ 'ja!.y. l6cl. Ihe Kii.nliili Lllllihi.tll It': iC: uiiilcr 'h^^^ ■ ChI^XVH Riii// of the Rom. Emp ir e. ^61 li'i reported that m L'orir^all, and at lioiiic, and la- ilicr. Our iqccr^ ;,'A^Vi/ in a mucli' one otits Nimi- out lo in;^ been iiaviu;:^ fir ted out to tlie Coafts of I Cariacks bound 'i'sl)in;> nfi'tlic go out nil next t it would be to the bdl of his :il the I Hand and ^oxAnurkd, and '", and atraekiiig Lois of not above )ii of ibiir hundred 3f this Town and tuatioii, to Iiavc riiilcil a^aind the [iiliabitaiiis, ro:- tc they niaile ibr Stay tlierc, rlic threat Niiiiibcrs of rcnirnciJ to hii^. him above fixty lie of Trade and '■ Company, tlicy ntry, luidcr the cady mentioned c ro thole Parts, y \'car, and in a ///'s Empire, in avci^ Lihtna, and :GalhcstoJ7//)'/, alatid Privateers, infcft the Coafts Id likcwilc Ionic '// very liberally )r the Oar from end to little ic of her jMajcfty's s, they were inir uniJcr uadctthc Comiii.iiil of Sir Richard Lcvifun, and Sir IFiltiam Mon- -^ ^']u*iiron fi^jbran ExpcJition to the Coails oi' Spain. The former Ictring [\"j'','^;j.Cimi- 5aii«ith p^irr of rhc S».]iiadroii, left Moiijon ta \v;iir tor the Arrival ion.'"' " offorac'Z)«.v/; Ships which wcie ro join in this Service, hut hav- injcxpctted rheni Icvcral Dajs in vain, he made rhc heft of his ,iay liter Sir Rirhiird Lcvijou, who in the mean time h.iviiig fal- bin«''''h the Spiinijl) l-'lota, ham ylmirica, confilling of thirty i.evif.m m. ciijIitSail, had bravely cngageil thcni with his few Ships, though as ''"-y' '|-" ^f**" it"'l,mpened wirhour liilicdt. Upon Six IFilliam v^/o///<2»//> Coafts till the middle of the Winter, for preventing any Attempts from thence on Ireland., about which time Spina la, with hiscight Gallics which had cfcaped from Cezimbruy making the bed of his way for Flanders., arrived near the Strcights of 'Dover, where ^wRdbert Manfel, with fomc of her Majcfty's Ships, was cruifing off the South Foreland to intercept him, as were alio fome T)titch Siiips on the French and Flenufl? Coafts with the like Dcfign, who filling in with the Enemy near the Goodwin, attacked them with fuch Succcfs, that, out of the eight Gallics, only that commandvd rt/ Spanidi h)' S{>iiiola himlcif clcapcd to 'Dunkirk, the reft being all cither^"'''"''''*"' lunk in tlic Fngagemcnc, or loft on the Coaft of Flanders. Shordy after, Death put an end to this long and happy Reign of 1603. ()^Kn Elizakthy who, by thclc many great Exploits performed s^i^"" '^''"* under her Influence, railed the Nation's Glory to the highcft Pitch '^' ' '"' It ever before reached, "d fully made good the Titles beftowcd ou ha in the Bcgiining of ..jr Reign, that Ihc was the Rcftorcr of Na- val Glory, and the Miftrefs of the Occau. C HAI l:i t i>:fl the 1611. lame) and was iacrificcd upon thcScalibld to the Rcfcntmcnts of the Kiin^hfA,* Couni Go»domar, that Prince's Ambaflador in ^wg/^W, hid now oiincd lo great an Alcendant at our Court, that, at his Sollicitation", there was tiered out a Fleet for the Medirerranean, under the Com- mand of Sir i^o^tr^ Man/el, to humble the y4(^rf ines , who much jutededth^ Spm'tards. Which KIccc did accordingly fail xo Algier., but meeting with little or no Siicccfs there, loon returned home, A:gennes. and the M^crines took tbc next Year about five and thirty Engl'tjh awl JVo.'f/; Ships. Shortly atrer this the Engl'tjh IlifTered a worfe Treatment from the 'Dutcb iX Jm/joisa^ in the Eajl-lu dies, where, under pretence of a Plot termed by the Evg/tjh Fa(9:ory, to expel them the Ifland, friiouijii we had but twenty Men upon ir, and they above two hun- dred (iarrilbw Soldiers in the C^ilUc, and eight Ships riding in the Road) they put them to the mofl cxquifire Tortures, thereby to ^''"' Dutch force rhcin to a Confelilon of this pretended Conlpiracy, which j'l^/J^/,;,"®" yet they were not able to do. Ten of them having expired on the r;ify at Am- Racl< with Protcftation'? of rhcir Innoccncy, the reft, who iiirvived ''°'"''' their Tunncnrs, had the favour to be tranfportcd to other of the Emlilh Plantations in thoic Parts, and the 'Dutch obtaining their End, eiigrolTcd into their Hands the whole Trade of the Ifland, which they have ever fmce enjoyed. Kiugy^MJw a little before his Death (which happened in I6^5^ i^ij. in iTrcaty which he made with France, engaged to lend the Frenco King iome Ships to be employed againll the King oi Spain, or his h\k%\\\ Italy. To comply with rhis Agreenienr, K\n2, Charles, on his Accellton to the Throne , lent Captain John 'Pennittgton Pennington with his Majefty's Ship t',.c/''<««^7/(«r^, and fix hired Merchant Ships {'"J^,^'^'^'^','^ over to the Coalt of France, to be employed in the French Ser- France. ■»ite. But the Frraf/jKitig being hotly engaged in a War with his Pioteftant Subjcdts, now intended to make ulc of them for rhe Re- i\^^vi1^^^i Roche Ik' \ which 'rcfm i/igt on becoming fenfible of, im- mcdiarely wrote \dvice thereof to the Duke of Buckin'^hani, then Lord High: Admiral, and defircd to decline lo odious a Service, and that he mig'bc have leave to return to England; whereupon his Orders were mone ftrongly enforced, and left the Lord High Admi- ral's Ihould not be thought iiifficicnt, the King himftif figncd an Order to ',nm to employ the Ships on Inch Service as his Moll Chriftion Majclly Ihould diredl ; from whom at the fame rime he received a Letter, requiring him to take on board aNumber of French Soldiers, with hts Admiral the Duke de Montmorency, and repair \^\^KRQcheUe. This Captain 'Pt'«///»^/^«'«, with a true fw;^/?//? f'ennington, Heart, hravcly rehiled to do; whereupon the French Officer who bad ""'''"'j'-'-'i''' 1 I .^ 1 ■ . '1 11//- J """• 'tfiiie to conveyed the Orders to him, came on board the Vanguard to pro- /avt a^awji tell againft him as a Rebel to his King and Countr) -, and not con- ''■-' Rochel- tented with having once done ir, returned a lecond time to enforce '■■""• his Protcllation with Threats and Mencces, at which the Seamen were lb enraged, that, in a violent Fury and Tumult, they weighed Anchor, and ict fail, crying, They u'oula rather be hanged at home, B b b than *fi; :l:!!f I :!'! IT ''li J *!' i'!..'l'' „ ''i' Mil ill! J j i 1 II ,,,| 370 Naval TranfatVions fince the Book III. King C,h J- A u r ..lei/ilin^ Ships {^^R'.clh'llcrs, to exclaun againlt that Proceeding as a Coilufion ot ,„ rrance. the Treaty whovcby they wcic lent, and to den and the immediate Reditu™" of fhcin ; which the French King exr.ufing himiclf from coiii'iiyiiig \\ 'til ^f prclcnr, on prcrciice that his Subjcdts by whom thcv were manned would not now quit them, when they were on imiiciiiato Scr\ ice, the Lord High Admiral iffued out Commiffions ofRcprizal, w licnby the St. 'J^cter oi Havre de Grace was taken with ether French Merchant Ships : Whereupon the French King not cilv abibliucly rcfulcd to reftorc the Icvcn Ships, bur fcizcd on i\\ ikEii-jJiJh Mi-'rchaiits EfTcdis throughout his Dominions. How- ever, for lomc Rcaibns of State, thclc Breaches were patched up for a while, and mutual Rcftirution made on both fides, till foon jf'j, upon the Diiiuillion of the Qiiccn's French Servants, an open ^"^'■ Riintiirc cnliicd, by the French King's Icizing a hundred and twenty i..,giini sier. £flW;y/i Merchant Ships in the levcral Poirs and Rivers of his King- ''.""" '''"f d.iiii, which wa*; iir.niediarcly followed by a Declaration of War on |!'^','^.],'-^ '■" our fuic. The Grounds thereof, among others, were the French ingUmi lU- Kin"'> Breach of his Articles with his ProtcftantSubjcits, and his block- ^'•"'" '^f'"' "- '"' L T /- ■/ J I- 1 J u r £i ) Ir' i\i ''. . I Si>it!f of the ii'C 7Vire at The E>7-H;7> horje Ji^etn '•ark. The Tfc.-ny did not atrnr: as ihey ought The Engl rti give the hni ■ my lime to provide fer th'ir Dejence. Duke of Sou- bl/e return, from Ro- chclle. Th, F.n/^l'fli negUtI rtking a Fort. 372 Naval TranfaBiotJs fince the BookIII. ■ Chap X ^iam Btechcr, Secretary to the General , to inform thcmfelves of the Inicucions of thofc People, whom (though they had very much prcHcd for our Afllftancc) they found not inclinaGle to declare for us, until they had conl'ulted the Heads of the League. The fame Day about four in the Afternoon the Soldiers began to dil'cmbark, and no loo'ner were there landed between twelve and fifteen hundred Mcn,with three or four Imall Field-Pieces, than the Enemy from the Citadel oF St Afartitt'Sf (the chief Place of the IflancI) to the Number of a- hour two hundred Horlc, and a thoufand Foot, attacked thera, and the Cavalry charging with great Fierccnefs before the Englijh were formed, put ihcm in no Ihiall Dilbrder, inibmuch that many in rhe Pear were drowned; but at length, by the gallant Behaviour of our OiriLCrs, they rallied, and killed about a hundred of the Enemy's Horic. Their Foot leeing the Cavalry had liiflcrcd, came on very unwillingly, and after they had (lood two or three Vollies of Shot and received fomc Damage from our Pike-Men, they betook them- fclves to flight, and left our Troops Mafters of the Ground but wi'^h the Lois of lomc of our bravell Commanders. That Night the Horle began to dilembark, and the Foot were bu- fted in nviking Rcuenchraents, that fo they might be the better a- hic to n;aincam the Ground they had gotten ; but had the Enemy b.cn as dilcrcct as they ar firft ihcwed themlclves valiant, wclliould not fo eafily have made good our landing ; for had they began to chargo with their Foot, and received our fiill Fire, and then have flanked us with their Horfe, they would doubtlels have done much more Dima^c ; but, to our great good Fortune, it happened other- wire, occaftoncd, as it v .15 laid, by a DifTcnfion among thetnielvcs; for Monfieur Toiras., Governor of the Ifland, having promilcd the Baron St Jtidre'yi' the Honour of the firft Charge, he afterwards gave !£ to his own Brother, whereat, it is faid, the Baron being much dilconrcnted, would not charge at all, nor liiflcr his Troops to fe- cond the Van ; but a much greater Mil'carriage happened on our fide; for had our Troops, while the Enemy were in this Confufion, i'oJlowed them iminc Jiatcly, there was good realbn to believe they might have foon made the skives Mafters of St. Alarfin's, which was very inJiiKrently providctl tor Defence; but iiiftcad of that, five Days were ipent to no purpolc e'er they marched from their Camp, during which time the Enemy had Opportunities of getting in Provifions and ftrengthcning themlclves. Two Days after the Baron Amkeltent came to bury their Dead, of whom the better ibrt were carry 'd to St. Martini ; as for the refl, our Soldiers had Money from him to put them under Ground; and in the Afternoon, about three a Clock., the Duke of i^w/te came from Rochelle with fbme lew Gentlemen, and about five hun- dred Soldiers, whereupon our Troops marched out of their Trenche?, at the Diflance of about three or four Bows Shot, where, it being late, both Horic and Foot quartered that Night. Th fifteenth in the Morning our Troops, to avoid the Fort ie la ''Free, which was fitu;>ted in their direct way, raarchcJ five or ^x Miles about on faudy Ground, by which they were very much fatigued, BookIII. I ChapXVUI. Ruin of theKom. Empire. 373 1 themfelvcs of had very inud, : to declare for uc. The. fame Icmbark.aiulno ndredMcn,with n the Citadel of : Number of a- eked thcra, and ic Engltjh were lat many in rhe Ichaviourofour )f the Enemy's , came on vc;y follies of Shor, y betook them- IC Ground, but E Foot were bu- be the better a- had the Enemy lianr, vvc lliould they began ro and then have lavc done much happened other- ■)ng themfelvcs; ig prorailcd the , he afterwards ron being much Troops to fc- ■)pened on our this Confufion, to believe they Urt ill's, which iiftcad of that, cd from their itics of i;ettinjj tiry their Dead, as for the under Ground; jke ot Soiihize about fivchun- thcir Trenches, ^'here, it being >i id the Fort tie arched five or ere very much fatigued, fiti'ucil, and thereby an Opportunity was not only lofl of taking tiidaid Fort, which rhe Enemy had then abandoned, but the Advan- tjicoficcuriiig a Retreat, and they thereby gaining time, reponiflcd thcniLivcsof ir, and put it into liich a Condition, as enabled thcnuo aiinnv us very much afterwards. AsdurTioops paffed aloni;;, all the Villages fubmittcd to them; and tficy received no Inrcn uption in their March that Day, tho' towards the Eviiiini; lomc of the Enemy's Horic appeared upon a diftant Hill, but l^'""^",/^*" diJ lint think lit to approach. When it was near Night our Troops Engiifh. came he ore a little Town called la Flotte, into which Place they ciiic cJ the n- xt Morn'.ijg early, and flayed there the btft Part of thcDjy, w'lrn Monficur Toiras lent a Challenge to fight forty of hisHortc agdinft thelhme Munber of ours ; but this being done on ^ chMcngt n;irpf)leto gain time, it was therefore not accepted, for the Enemy had ^"" *> ^ui- bccn very rcmils in furnilhing rhe Citadel with fufficient Provifionsi ^'"' ajthiuyi they had been advertized of our intended Expedition, not piilv hoin England, but by a Dutcbmnn, w ho let Sail from Tortf- r^e fmrny mth at the lame time our Fleet did, loaden with Powder, Shot, '""^ '""'" "/ PiKcs and other warlike Implements, and when cur Ships were ""'^ ^'^'^"' dilid'cd by chafing fcveral 'Dim kir Lets, took that Opportunity cfi;criii;g into St. Mattht'% five or fix Days before the General ar- livcJ. On the Approach of the Army to St. Martin's, Monfieur Toiras quitted the Town, and retired into the Citadel, when fome of rhe Chief ot the Place coming with a white Flag to the Duke, ad >\z- fimi^him ro take the Town into his Prote<9:ion, our Troops march- ed ni, upon whom the Enemy fired all Day, but did little or no Hjrro, The Erg'idi A Council of War being called, S'xxjohn Burroughs, who had '"'"-s'. Mar- well viewed the Citadel, afTurcd the Duke that it was impofTible to "" '• lAcitby Aflault, and that now to flarvc them was equally diffi- 01!'; fir they had Opportunities of conveying confiderable Quan- tjr.sGf Provifions thereinto, between Wedncfday the lime of our coming to the iHand, and Tueiday following, when we arrived at ^[ilirtin'i: whcrcfnc he advifed his Grace to pillage the iHand, siiiitogoto Oleroii, or Ibme other Place where they might have a b.ttcr Prolped of Succcfs ; but his Advice was not adhered to, for tli;Duke, befiJes the Engagement of his Honour, as he pretend- ed, rely'd roo much on thoTb who flattered him, and promifed ef- fcdjilly to prevent the Enemy's conveying any Succours into the Fott, TheiS"^ Sir JVilliatn Beecher and Mr. Grahme were dilbatched £eJJ[™J-", to Erjcifid, to hartcn the Irifh Troops which were defigned for this ,o England"*. Service, together with Money and Provifions; and on the ii'^' Sir M*" inili ffuiriiie Bertie's Regiment was lent to la Flotte, to join with ^""'' ii: Henry Sprye's, which, together with the Horfe, were to main- tain that Place; and our People having landed fomc Ordnance, and eidod a Battery, there was alinoft a continual Fire between theAr- Engh(h and ay aud the Citadel, for two or three Days, wherein we had the '>" ''fench word ;/;;:"-'*•■■ '■ !' 'i' fi ,-l(>.' IM ■1 1'^ 374. Navd Tranfo&iom frnce the Book III. A prittnih.l lUiirtr ctnii It tin Camp. Rtmifflllfl nf the F.iigllll). ■f word ; for as our Men lay much cxpofcd, lb was ic not in our Pow- er to do the Enemy any confidcraDlc Damage. The 14''' there was little more done than the burning fome Windmills, in one of which were soMusquctccis, who lurrcndct'd; and on the i/'N notwithllanding all our Precautions, three or tout Barks loadcn with Provifions got in to the Relief ot the Citadel, from whence there came a Pcrloii three Days alter, who pretended to be a Delcrtcr, and dcfircd to be admitted to the Duke. His con- fident Behaviour rendcr'd him lulpcdcd, and being Icarch'dby ibmeot' the Duke's Favourites, there was found about him, as they laid, apoj. Ibncd Dagger, whereupon being threatened with the Torture, he confcfTcd that he was lent by the Governor to kill the Englift) Ge- neral ; but however the Fadt itlclt was, Monficur Toiras lent toll, Grace, and alTured him that he was altogether ignorant of any luch Defign. Notwithftanding it had been concluded at a Council of War that it was impofTiblc to take the Citadel, othcrwife than by ftarving the Garri- fon in if, yet in all the time our Troops lay before it, "thcic wire not any mcafures taken to block them up by a Line of Circumval. lation, but, inflcad thereof, Batteries were railed before wc made our Approaches, lo that the PaHage was open for carrying wlut Provinons they had into the Fort, and to give Intclligeucc of the Circumrtanccs of our Army. At length, when Neccflity compelled thereunto, our Troops be- gan to entrench the 3' oi Aiigujt^ and two Days after Ionic of the Pioneers and Soldiers being at Work, between thirty and forty of the Enemy's Horic fally'd out of the Fort upon theai, but were re- pulfed with little Lofs on our Side. On the 9''' the Duke caulld five hundred Seamen to be brought on fliorc, and gave the Command of them to Captain fVeedal, with a CommifTion to be Colonel, but they having but little Experience in Land Aff'urs, and being but ill provided for annoying the Enemy, or even to defend themlelves, it was no marvel they did but little Service. On the ix'"' the French which came with Monfieur Sou- hize, together with Captain Shugboro-jn, and Captain Tadon, fol- lowing the Dircdtions of the Duke, contrary to the Advice of Sir John Burroughs, fell upon the Enemy's Works, but were repulfed with confidcrahlc I ol's. The 1' of September the Ir'tJJ? Supplies arrived under the Com- mand of Sir Ralph Bingly, and Sir 'Peter Crosby, and this Day thofe in the Citadel dcfired a Parley. The Gentleman who came with the Mcrrag.e laid that thole in the Fort knew of the Arrival of the ad- ditional Troops as loon as we did in the Camp, Inu the Subjcd of his Errand was not known to any one bcfulcs the Duke himielf It was pretended, indeed, that he came to lee a Brother of his who had been taken Prilbner ; and, befides this, there were divers other Mel- lagcs pall between the Governor and his Grace, with Prefents of The T)ukc> three or tout of the Citadel, who pretended )ukc. His con. irch'd by Ibme ot' they laid, apoj. the Torture, he ,hc En^lifl) Gc- 'oiras lent toli, rant of any luch of War that it arvingthcGarri- : if, tiicie were c of Circumvul- before \\e made carrying u|ut tcliigtncc of the our Troops be- fccr lomc ot the rty and forty of m, but were re- to be brought on fVeedal, with a Ic Experience iu Mng the Enemy, icy did but Httle h Monfieur Sou- Cain Tadon, fol- ic Advice of Sir ut were repulfed under the Com- id this Day thofe 10 came with the irrival of the ad- u the Suhjid of Duke himlelf It :rof his who had hvcrs other Mel- iVith Pretents of e grew verydil- : think fit to im- patt pa[t:iiv thing to them, or to permit them to the Speech of any „l the iMcfTcngers. However, the Governor bcini!; alarmed at the Arrival of our Supplies, lent ai. account thereof ro the French King 111, Mailer, who drew his Army towards Rochcllc^ and by forming, ''^'^ncii King a5it«crc, a Blockade, made a Shew as if he dcfigncd to take the IXrf' '^'^^ Xortii, though his real Intentions were to land Men on the Ifland, >.heiiie'. \\\]\A was loon after cffedcd. Arlail {\v: Roc hellers declared for the EiigHlh, and the Duke of '^"'^'"="'-"" '•' R'jbiiHpyc Commiirions to raifc Forces for I'l jlcrvation of the E- ittiM'ih!' diftofl'cace lately granted, but violated by the French Kino^, who i.ii die other hand declared he would oblcrvc the laid Edid, and P'oduming the Dukes of Rohan and Sovbize Traitors, offered Re- o,'*« »/ Rho- Ud^ i;.r killing thcni. ,, ,, c , ^^^^^- Ijv this time the rrench had got a confiderablc Supply of Ship- "" jiiy from the Spaniards, which with their own Navy made up a- ' !^"''' f,"^' )0K a hiiiuired, a Force llipcrior to that of ours, for although the 'I,"ipinurds. «(////; Fleet at firft Icttuig out confifted of more then a hundred Sail, yet were there not above ten of the King's own Ships .unong them But though the Enemy were thus liipcrior in Naval Strength ihcy declined cngagiiii:, and propofcd nothing more to thcmlelves than the getting ncceflary Supplies into the Citadel, and to tire out thcBeiiegers; to carry on which Dcllgn the Governor pretended to enter into a Treaty to luircndcr on honourable Terms, and pre- vailed with the Duke to give lafe Condudl for a Meffengcr he was An Engiidi fending to the French King, on condition that an Englijh Gentle- ""^ i-rench manlhould accompany him, and be fuffercd to pafs through France ^'"t'tTill into England, but on their Arrival in the French Camp, the Eng- Krench King. ///'Gentleman, contrary to Faith given, was detain'd in Cuftody, ''" ' '^'^["^'^ whilcthc/^rf»fAwa«effcdiually performed his Errand, and returned ro Kngiiili g«»- Si. Martin's, upon whofe Arrival Monfieur Toiras put an end to the ''""«'»• lhan\ Treaty. Some Days after Preparations were making for the AlTault of the Fort de la 'Free (which by our Ncglcdt, as hath been already obfcrvcd, the Enemy had rc-pofTcflld and ftrcngthcncd) and in order thereto leveral Pieces of Ordnance were landed at la Flotte. SnAlexaiider Brett had undertaken this Service, butic was afterwards thought not convenient to divide the Forces for a matter judged of lb liiullConletjuence, though in ciTedt it proved otherwife, for what was 'm k much let at nought, proved a fcvere Thorn in our Sides e'er the Troops left the Illand. On the iV^ a Hark of forty or fifty Tuns arrived at the Citadel P^^'fi"" got w'd I'fovifions, at which VclTcl about five hundred Shor were to '^t'i' "^"''' iw I'urpolc fired from the Ships, ind loon after Sir John Burroughs Hr John Bur- th whom ended all realbnable Hopes of ia valiant and cxupneWPvl Commander) was flaiu, while he was ^°"^''' •''' viewing our WutVs, wit' Sueccls. The 17''' Mr. j^Jhburnham who had been fent in Company with Twrrff's MelTcnger to the French King, (as aforefaid) returning to the Camp, was prefently difpatched for England, and two Days af- ter Monfieur St. Serin came to the Army, with whom the Duke at Monfuur sr. firft deny'd to Ipeak, and fcnt him a Prifoner on board of the Ship ^,1]%"^,^^'' commauded camp 'I'ljlli'* i i; m ,i!ii \mt\\ 4\ ml- ^.\\i^ i'i.tl .' ii 376 JSlaval Tnwfdlions fwce the Book III. ■ ^^' ^'' Provifiotti, f St. A/«««'soj even thofc forty of returning, for he Duke acquaint- 3n thelfleofOi*. re being but ftw, lading him at the there was on that md a Citadel well n of Soubizey al- the Afllftance of lat oppos'd them, they were in was hem to gather in- n and Country. :m near the Place ng it, which gave ur thoufand Men, T, by which out trength to engage fmal), and proper >plies to the Cita- >inion of the Offi- already obicrved) their Rcafons for ich the Duke or- oft near five Hon- able Damage. ing clolely block- nee on the Duke their Afllftance; ut fifty Sail were ?nb'tghy who fet Aprily and came May, Before the King's Ships, to d into the Town Tide would per- )oth by one and do what he had IfWwrAthetvven- ealoufies in £«|- A third AihirdUcct was prepared for the Relief ot Rohelle, tobeconi- niafldcd by the Duke himleif, the Town being then reduced to the laft Extremities, but he being, on the twenty third of jiuguft, ftab- \^ it forffmourh by one Fc/tofi, a difcontented Officer, the Earl ^^"''^'^^^'^h' oilvdfcy was appointed to command it, and fct Sal the eighth of l"^^'"portfI Semikr. The Ships were bur ill I'upplied with Srores and Provi- '"^uih fioBJ, and coming before Rocbe/lcy they found no French Navy to ;* ^"Xi^fe oppole them, but a very ftrong Barricade acrofs the Entry ot the umh ,h,F.4trl Port, to force which many brave Attempts were made, but \u vain, "f ^ 'iidit-y. lo that the Rochellers being thus diflreflcd, and in Del'pair, implo- J^'^^;* ^^'/iiw led the F/ wf /> King's Mercy, and iurrcnvlcr'd on the eighteenth of French ic«^. O/Jdif'"; loon af.er which a Peace enlued between the two Crowns, and tlie Proceftants were glad to lubmit to any Terms, with the bare Toleration of their Religion. But very remarkable it is that our fleet was no fooiier departed from before Rochclle, than fo great a Part of the tiarricado fell down, as to make an Opening fufficienc lor a large Ship to pals througli. Our Reputation at Sea had luffered h much by thefc late Mifcar- liiges, that Pirates of all ttie neighbouring Na'^ions took the Liber- piratttofait ty to intcft the narrow Seas ; and the 'Dutch, upon Pretence of ^,T,Z'En' {omt Arguments for the Freedom of Navigation, and Community I'lh sits of the Sea, which the learned Hugo GrotiuSj their Countryman, Grotius had made u!e of in a TreatiJe bctoieraentioned, ftylediWiar^ Libe- J'/uhfjum*" rum, began to challenge a Right lo cheFiihery onourCoafts, which, Courage and Reiblution for ieverai Hours, and were received by ToTtiind. them with equal Bravery, till at length the 'Dutch Rear- Admiral being boarded and taken, two of their Ships (iink, and another blown up, the 'Dutch Admirals fheered ofF with the reft of their Fleet ve< ry much fhattercd to the Coafts of Zealand, within twelve Leagues of which they were purfued by the vircland. There- iowns from the i out to engage id Rcar-Admiral was immediately cmy with gre« I'cre received by h Rear- Admiral d another blown f their Fleet ve- twelve Leagues lijh. '. home, Captain ires in the Medi- under the Com- >ca, with whom 3 fo unequal an lips, retired with ^cany% Caftle of Engagement, and Admiral, and re- late Refleftions of eighty Ships off of the Good- 5 fought. Blake J, tho' fo much rdingly, fending :h being met on )n the like Ser- pported by their mo fought with It, when the fu- retircd to the rland taken by three fuok ; and Fleet had gene they purchaled ler of Men, and two much da- oiRhe for the [jezvous at that itb a Broom ac his Krt Main- top- mart Head, as it were to fwccp the Seas of the In the mean time the Parliament were very induftrious to repair the late Oilhonour, and with great Expedition fitted out a numerous Fled to intercept the "Dutch in their Return, which was put under the joint Command of BlakCy Monk^ and 'Deane. Upon Advice of rfidc Preparations, the States lent an Exprcfs to Trotnjf, at the Ifkodibe, to return with all fpecd, and prevent theEngliJh from coming out by blocking up the River ; but Tromfy to his great A- inazcmcnt, when he was got the Heighth of Tortlandy fell in with ^End'tjh^kcxj confifting of eighty Sail, he having with him fe- venty nx Men of War, with three hundred Merchant Ships under 16^3. hisConvoy. The eighteenth of February, about eight in the Morn- "'»•'« "'"' ing, the Triumj>h, wherein were the Admirals Blake and ©m«?, %VduS' with twelve Ships more, for the reft could not yet come up, en- »Mr Pott- eigcd board and board with the Grofs of the 1>uub Fleet, and the '*"**' Trmph having received many Shov in her Hull, began to be hard prclTcd by the Enemy, when (he was bravely relieved by Captain LfifoH in the Fairfax. Thofe two being inclofed by a Number ot the Enemy's largcft Ships, fuffcred much from them, and had each about a hundred Men killed and wounded : Blake hinrfHf re- ceived a Hurt in his Thigh, and his Captain and Secretary were both (lain by his fide. The Trofperous, of forty four Guns, was boarded by the Dutch, but prefently recovered again. The Cap- tain of the Vanguard was killed, and feveral of the Ships much difibH but not one taken. As for the Enemy, they had fix Men of War either funk or taken, one of which carried a Flag, and great Definition was made among the Officers and Seamen 00 Mard Trmf% own Ship ; who having been thus roughly handled, made the bed of his way up the Chanel. The Engftjh Admirals having hi^m^'Portfinouth the Ships which had (iiffered moft in the Fight, followed the Enemy, and coming up with them oK ofDungene/ij Anothtr right began another Engagement. Tromp putting his Merchanf Ships be- ^**[ Dunge- /bre him, bravely ftood the firft Cnarge, but then made a running Fight of it, retreating toward the French Coaft ; in which Retreat Captain Li«wy3« boarded one of the 'DutchMzn of War, and brought b oir, and other of our Ships took feveral of their Merchant-men. The next Morning the Fight was renewed , and lafted with great -<< third En- Fury till four in the Afternoon , when the *Dutch retreated to the W"»**'- SuKJs before Calais, and from thence tided it into the Wielingt^ hafing loft in thefe three Days Actions eleven Ships of War, and thirty Merchant Ships, fifteen hundred Men killed, and a gveat Number of Prifoners. On our fide there was but one Ship funk, the Number of our Slain was not much inferior to the E- SooQ after this the Parliament (ettinz out a Fleet of a hundred Sail uDder the Command of the Generals Monk and Deane, affift- td by Vice- Admiral Venne and Mr. Law/on, now made a Rear-Ad- w, they went over to look for the Enemy on their own Coafts, whowete come out on the iame Errand with a hundred and four Sail, il-i :if!':' •I 384 Naval Tranfa8ions fince the Book III. > I Monk mill Dcane /i;i« till Duuii HUr Ncw- puit. Sail, comnaaiulcd l>y y,in Tromp, 'Be Ruyter, IVitte Wittm, md Evert z. Od' of Nizv/'ort ihc two Hccts came to an Kngagcmcnr which ladccl, with very httlc Intcrmidion, from eleven in the Morn.' inje till Night, wherein at the firft Charge General 'Deane was ihot oft in the aiiiliile by a Cannon Bullet. Law/on performed gtcit Exploits during the whole time, and preffcd lb hard upon T)e Ruy. tery that he had like to have carried him, had he nor been Icalbnably relieved by yan Tromp ; but he nevcrthclefs liink one of th: Ene- my's Ships of forty two Guns. The next Day, about Noon, the Fight was renewed with greater Fury, and continued till ten at Nighr, wherein fix of the Kncmy's beft Ships were funk, two blown up, and eleven Sliips and two Hoys taken, with thirteen hundred and fifty Prilbners, fix of them Captains of Note ; with whicli Lofs the 'Dutch retired among the Flats on the Flanders Coaft, whither it was not thought late to follow them, though Blake was come m, toward the Conclufion of the Battel, with eighteen frelh Ship?. Upon this Defeat the States made private Overtures of Peace to ■ Cromujelly who had now got rid of his Parliament, and managed „ c.omwc.K ^'^ Affairs himlclf ; but at the fame time they ufcd the utmoft Di- ligence in fitting out a ftronj.^ Fleer, to recover, if pofllble, their loft Reputation by another Battel : And by the latter end of July, Trom/> put to Sea with ninety five Ships from Zealand, being ioon after joined by IVitte fVittcns with twenty five from the Texel. At the head of this Force he was met, on the twenty ninth of July, by the Englijh Fleet of about a hundred and fix Ships, un- Monk, Penne dcr the CommaDu of Mouky Tenuey and Law/on ; and prefcntly there began the mod fierce and bloody Battel which had oecnyet fought ; for Monk having obferved that the War was very tcdiouj ancTburthenfome to the Nation, and that the taking of Ships in a Fight always weakened the Fleet by lending off otner Ships with them, he, to make Ihort work of it, gave Orders that his uptains ihould neither give nor take Quarter : So that in few Hours the Air was filled with the Fragments of Ships blown up, and human Thi I'lutdi mjkc O ; tf' tirr.i .'f ft, and Lawl'on fl'fiht tiJi Uutch. the Van I'lonip Mild. Bodies, and the Sea dyed with the Blood of H\e Slain and Wounded. At length, after a Fight of about fix Hours, Fan Tromjr, as he was bravely performing his Duty, encouraging his Men, and dif- penfing his Order.*;, was fliot with a Musket Bullet into the Heart, of which he prcfently fell dead ; and the red of his Fleet being by this time cruelly broken and ihattered , difcouraged by this Lok, made the beft of their way to the Texel. The Englijh having funk thirty three of the Enemy's Ships in this Battel, and taken about twelve hundred Prilbners, (which, notwithftanding the forbidding of Quarter, they compaffionately took up as they were fwimmlDg about) did not think fit to purfue far, but retired to Solebay, hav- ing purchafcd the Viai>t, 'enne and fitted out a flrong Squadron under the Command of Vice- Admiral '',« fant, with a conlidcrablc Body of Land- Forces on board, com- to'^^;^^Wc'"' maniicd by General ^enables, to make fbme profitable Attempt in indnj. i\gS^anijh IVeJl- Indies. And fincc this Expedition was what the Prctcdior h;id very much at Heart, being induced to hope, from the Encouragement given him by a Perfon who had long rcfided in thofe Parts, that with the Fleet and Army he ihould be able not only to make himicif Mafter of the Idands, bnt of great part of ihcContincnt alio, with the Riches thereof; and that the Mifcar- . riaec in a Dcfign which put the Nation to fo great an Expence, and CDiJcd lb much to his own Dilhonour, gave him more Difquiet than any oac thing of the like Nature which had happened during his u- larpcdGovcrnmenr, I have thought it necelTary to fet down the beft Account 1 am able to come ar, from the beginning to the end of this fmitlefs Expedition, which was ib, in all its Circumftanccs, un- till the Land- Forces svere taken on board from Hi/paniolat and, ttith the Fleer, proceeded to Jamaica^ and took that Ifland. In the firft Place, therefore, it is proper that I acquaint you what MnMaions Oliver thought fit to give to General y enables for his GovcrnmeDt in this Affair, it having not been in my Power to pro- cure a Copy of thofe which General 'Penne received ; nor is the want of them of any great Conlequence, fmce their Contents could be no better than the requiring him to protcdt the Troops in their Mm\ to add fomc of the Seamen to them when there fhould be occauon, and ochet w '(e afTift them when put on (bore ; to condudt them from one Place to another, and to leize or deftroy any Ship- ping of the Enemy which he might meet with, or find at thofe Places, the faid 'Penney as well as Venablesy (befides the Power gi- TCd them as Generals at Sea and Land) being joined in Commif- fioD with other Perlbns, without whofe Advice , and Concurrence, or that cf fome of them at lead , they were not to undertake a- ny thing of Moment , in the whole Courfe of an Expedition from which fo much Advantage was exped^cd by Oliver and his Council. hft^^uB'tom to General Robert Venablcs. Given by his Highnefs, by /Advice of his Council, upon the Kxpedi" lion to the Weft- Indies. WHercas we have, by our Commirtlon, conftituted and ap- pointed you Commander in Chief of the Land- Army and Troops railed, and to be raifed, as well in England, as in the Parts of America y for the Ends and Purpofes in the laid Commiflion ; you Dull therefore, I Immediately upon the Receipt of thefe Inftmdlions repair with theForces aforelaid unto Tort/mouth, where we have appointed the i;* Ddd Fleet 386 Naval Tranfa&ions fince the Book III. I 7 i-i..' Fleet defigacd for the aforefaid Service, under the Command of Ge- neral ff^illiam 'PennCy to take you, with the laid Army and Land- Forces, on board, and to traui'port you unto the Parts afordaid, II. Whereas Ibmc additional Forces, as the Service Ihall require, arc to be railed in the Ifland of Barbadoes^ and other the Enoitjh Iflands and Plantations, you Ihall, upon your Arrival there, anil up. on Confidcration had with the Coinminioners appointed to attend this Service, or any two of them, (wherein alio, if you think fir, you may advilc with fonic of the moft experienced Men in thole Parts) conccrnini^ the prclcnt Dcfif^n, and the Nature thereof, to ufc your bed Endeavours by liich Means and Mcalurcs as you, with the Advice of the laid Commidioncrs, or any two of them, Hull judge moft convenient and expeditious, to levy and railc inch Numbers of Soldiers as Ihall be found neccflary lor the better car- rying on of this Dcfign, the laid Soldiers to be either taken with you upon your firft Attempt, or to follow you, as Ihili be, bv the Advice aforelaid, agreed and diredled. And wc have thought Vic to leave unto your Dilcretion, by the Advice aforelaid, what Numbcts of Men ihall be railed, as alio the manner and means of doing there- of, becaufc you may not, at that diftance, be tied up by any In. firui^tnn w hich may not iuit with, and be agreeable to luch Acci- dents as may happen and fall out upon the Place, but may b: at hberty to proceed upon the Dcfign cither without any Addition of Foices in tnc Illands and Plantations aforelaid, or with a Icfs or grea- ter Addition, as you ihall iind the Nature of the Service to require. And you have alio Power and Authority, from time to time, by your Warrant, to caufe fuch larther Supplies of Men to be levied in any of the laid Illands tor the aforefaid Service, as you, with the Advice aforelaid, ihall find ncceHary. III. The Dcfign in general is to gain an Intereft in that part of the Wcjl-lnd'tes in the Poflcflion of the Spaniard^ for the cffcding whereof we ihall not tie you up to a Method by any particular In- ftrudlions, but only communicate what hath been under our Con/i- deration. Two or three ways have been thought of to that purpole. I. The (irft is to land on (bme of the Illands, and particularly Htfpatiiolay and St. John's Ifland, one or both ; but the mil, if that hath no confiderabic Place in the South part thereof but the City of St, 2)ow/«gc, and that not being confiderably fortified, may pro- bably be poifelled without much difficulty, which being done and fortiiicd, th^t whole Ifland will be brought under Obedience. The chief Place of St. Johu's Ifland is Torto RicOy and the gaining of thel'e Iflands, or either of them, will, as we conceive, amoogll ma- ny others, have thcic Advantages. (i.) Many Englifly will come thither from other Parts, and fo thofe Places become Magazines of Men and Provifions for carrying on the Defign upon the main Land. (i.) They will be ibre Retreats upon all occaiions. (3 ) They lie much to Windward of the reft of the King of Spaitis Dominions, and being in the Hands of the Spaniards, will enable Chap. A ciublc him t iKtDumoiir (^)tron Force tor th isihcl5.wk- oftk3/"<« iitmt is ihc full Act ftili judge it I. Aiioth tokivc the LanJ, in on mikc the Sc way thereto cither 'ly t reifDiiablc. Chap.XIX. Kuin of thcRom. Empire 387 (flililchim to liipply any part which is dirtrcHcd on the M.iin, and tdjjju. our Hands, will be of the lame ufc to u«. ^j) From thtncc you may po/Tibly, after your landing; there, fend foicefor the rakint» of the Havana, on the Idand of Cuba, which j5 fhc llick door of the If 'eji Indies, and will obftrud the pafling o( tk HfuiiiatJs Plate Fleet into A'/zro/'c; and the taking of the HiVini is to confiderable, that we have had Thoughts of beginning the m\ Actcmpc upon that Fort, and the Ifljud of Cu6a, and do ftili judge it worthy of Confidcration. I. Aiio'hcr way we have had Confidcration of, is, for the jprcfenc, 10 leave the Iflands, and to make the firrt Attempt upon the main Imi, in one or more Places between the River Oronnefue and7*or- tiBdli, aiming therein chiefly at Carthagetia, which wc would nuke the Scat of the intended Dcfign, iccuring jomc Places by the way ilicrcro, that the Spaniard might not be to the Windward of IK iiiion the main Land , wherein , if you have Succcli, you will ptnbjbly, /[) (j: Maflcrs of all the Spanijh Trcafiirc which comes from fm\>S the way ot'Tat/ama in the Soiifh Sea, to *Forfo BcUo or fynhr'e de Dios in t'- : North Sea. (i) You will have Hfoufcs ready built, a Country ready planted, mJ moft of the People Indians, who will liibmii to you, there be- ing but few Spaniards there, as is informed. (),) Vou will be able to put the Country round about under Contribution for the Maintenance of the Army, and therewith by tlie Spoil, and othcrwilc, probably, make a great prcfent Return of Profit to the Commonwealth. 3, There is a Third Confidcration, and that is mixed, relating both to the Illands and alio to the main Land, which is, to make the li;(l Attempt upon St. ^Domingo, or Tor to Rico, one or both, and having I'ccurcd them,* to go immediately to Carthagcna, leaving rliar which is to the Windward of it to a farther Opportunity, af- ter you have Iccured and fettled that City, with what docs relate tbcto, if God doth pleafc to give that Place into your Hands. Tilde are the Things which have been in Debate nere, and having let you know them, we leave ic to you, and the Coramiffioners ap- pointed, to be weighed upon the Place, that after due Confidcration liaJ among your Iclve.*, and liich others as you fhall think fit to advilcwith w ho have a particular Knowledge of thofe Parts, you may tike liieh Refolutions concerning the making the Attempts, in the imnigiiig and carrying on the whole Dcfien, as to you, and the WCommiirioners or any two of them, Inall feem mod effectual, ciihcr i)y the ways aforelaid, or fnch others as Jhall be judged more rcafciiablc. And foi the better enabling you to execute inch Rcfo- kions as {lull be taken in the Premifes, you are hereby authorized and required to ufe your heft Endeavours, wherein General Tenne, Commander in Chief of the Fleet, is by us required to join with, indaflift you with the Fleet and Sea- Forces, as often as there (halt t« occafion, to land your Men upon any of the Territories, Domi- nions, and Places belonging unto, or in the PoTTefiTion of the Spa- D d d X niards 'J '■, :'i 1 I, 388 NavalTratifad'totis fince the BookIU. ' Chap II 1 n ■i fflj.[l III 11 li! 1 1 niards in ylmeriia^ and to lurprize their Forts, ta.' Kc^|ucll ihat lie mi^hi be fiirnilhcJ wirh Arms, Am- niiiiiiti'in, and .iL things nccclTiry for a IXflgn of this Nature, lor thjtotiieiw;lc very gicat Dilappouitmciits mi^lit happen, IhouUI he not airy tliem with iiim fioin iiciic:, Hnce th y could not po(ni)ly be tminl abroad. Ho alio made it ni-> Rci) icll thac he miglic not kvJiniu] by Commillioiis, or liilliu:tii>ns to other Perlbns, lor he tlicikiicw that O/ii'if uucndcd to lend Coininillioncrs, with large Power ro iiilpcdt into, aiivik', and conrroul the Adious of rholi; wiiowcrc to be prin ipally employed in tlii-. Kxpcdnon ; but how lific rc^arJ was had to what lie thus difircil, will app ar in rhc ciiluiii^ Relation, as alio how he was coiirravliCtcd ami Ihj^litcJ by thole in chief Authoriry. TheSnuadfon, commanded by General Ti'uue, bring ordered to rciiili/,.ous at 'Portjmouthy wh( re the Land Forces were to embark, Ccnipbiius were made to l^itiahii's ot DilorJeis and l3ilcontents a- rami^ the People, and njorc particularly about the B.>dncls of the Proviiions, which, by his means being mai'c known ro General 'DtsktTi; he, by very harlli Exprcflions, fignified his Dilconrent thjut, and particularly charged y'cnables with d-fign of fruftrating the inreiuled Expedition, by being the Author of Reports which ivcrctillc, while he, on the other hand, endeavoured to juftify hinicll, and to fliew that he intended no otherwilc than for the pub- lick (iood : And there was a (brew d Sulpicion that Tiesborow"^ Di([iti."' toftori Allowance, while the Seamen were at whole, which occa- uJlaZ'e'lf fioDcd no 'iitrlc Drfcontent, and rendered them very fickly and provifims. weait. And as the Commiflioners were empowered and required to diipofe of all Prizes and Booty taken, towards defraying the Charge of.be Expedition, and only a Fortnight's Pay was offered to the Oiliars and Soldiers, in lieu of whatever Booty fhould be taken at r/,, soUicr, ■ iiDmin^o (whither they were firft defigned from BarbadoesJ it rejirained very much incrcaicd the DifTatisfadion of the Army, for moft of the ^'''"" *'""^' Officers, when they let forward on the Expedition, were in Hopes of bettering their Fortunes very confidcrably. At length General l^enables prevailed with the Officers and Men to accept of fix Week's Pay inltead of their Plunder, and thereupon himielf and Vcnne ifTucd out Orders reftraining all Perfons from pil- laging without Licence, or from concealing the fame on Pain of Death, and Forfeiture of their Pay ; but although the Officers were willing to lubrait to this, yet the CommifTioners refufed to fign to it, inforauch that the Soldiers publickly declared they would return to £»^W, and never more ftrike Stroke where there were Commiffi- oneis who fhould have Power to controul the Army. The Fleet being now in a Rcadinefs to fail, General VcnableSy^mihk^pro. withlbme of the Commiflioners, and the Officers of the Army, pro- lf,'i,l°^°j!" pofcd that they might proceed dircdly into the Harbour of St. T)o- bourofst.Do- mp but (for what Reafbns it doth not appear, unlefs it was for n»"ngO' Want of experienced Pilots) that was refufed, and a Refblution ta- tcn to land the Troops at the River Hine, that fo they might cn- dcivour CO force the Fort and Trench. It was alio relblved among the Land Officers. I. That the Regiments fhould call Lots which of them fliould go oetirmn»ti cnlhore firft. I That two or three P .giments fhould be landed at once. 3 That the Seconds to e«ch Regiment fhould be appointed. 4 That the Ships wherein the Regiments were fhould keep near each other for their more regular Landing. And it was farther determined that if the Surge of the Sea ran li'gh, and that the Enemy were prepared to defend the Fort and Trench, the Army fhould be landed behind the fecond Point to l-ccward, and that, when on fhorc, one Regiment fhould be order- td to march Eaftward of the City, provided General Tenne would "■gJgcto furnilh the Army with all NeccfTaries. Lots ons how to l*nd the Troops, i' iJ- ilii;lf mm 392 Naval Tra?ffdHons fmce the Book III. ■ Ct Lots having been ca!> as aforciaid, it tell to CoUoncl Buller\ Regiment to land fitft; and tlicie was one Cox^ who had lived in thole Parts many Years, was to have been their Guide, but he had beenfent on Ionic Errand by 'Fenne, fo tK^t he was at this time ab- lent ; and Vice- Admiral Good/on declaring that he neither had Or- ders to go into lline River, nor Pilots to coudud the Ships therein- to, the Army were conftrained to land at the Weft Point (which Venables piotefted againft) and by that means were cxpofed to a te- dious March of forty Miles through a thick woody Country, with- out any Guide, inlbmuch that both Horfc and Men, by the Fa- tigue, an'd Extremity of Hear, fell down with Third, and were mi- lerably affliider great Hardjhips, I, 111 394 Naval TranfaB'wns fwcethc Book III. I 9^ IM-i;, Adjutant Ge- cajliitr'd. The Fleet and The Tort ta- ken. Nay after their Misfortunes on fliorc, Venablcs averred that 'Peine gave Rear-Admiral Blagge Orders not to furnilh them with any more Provifion of what kind Ibcvcr, lb that they eat up all the Dogs, Horfes and AHcs in the Camp, and (bnic of rheni fuch thiuss as were in thcmlelves poifouous, of whicli about forty died; and before the Forces were embarked, Adjutant-General Jackfon was try'd at a Court Martial, and not only fentenced to bccalhicr'd, and his Sword broken over his Head, but ro do the Duty of a Swabber, in keeping clean the Holpital-Ship ; a Punilhmcnt fuitable tohisno'- torious Cowardife. The Fleet and Troops arriving at Jamaica, Orders were ilTucd by Army arnve General Venables that where it Ihouid be found any Man attempted at Jamaica. ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ jyj^j^ ^^ j^j^^ fhoiild put him to Death, or that if he failed fo to do, he lliould be liable to be try'd for his Lite; and now all the Troops being ready for Service, they advanced to- wards the Fort, which they made themfelves Mafters of with little Lois; and next Morning, when the Sun arofe, they began to march to the Savana, which was near the Town, when iome Spaniards came towards them, and defired to treat, but the General refufed fo to do, unlefs they would fend them a conftant Supply of Provifi- ens, then much wanted, which they pundually did according to the Promife they had made. Soon after this the following Articles were agreed on, viz. jtrticiiiufon I. That all Forts, Arms, Ammunition, and Neceflaries for War, the Surrender and all Klnds of Shipping in any Harbour in the Ifland, with their */j»maica. puj^jtyre, ^c. as alio all Goods, Wares, Merchandizes, ^c. fliould be delivered up to General Venablesy or whom he fliould appoint for the Ufe of the Protector, and the Commonwealth oi England. 1. That all and every of the Inhabitants of the Ifland (except fome that were particularly named) fliould have their Lives granted, and as thofe who inclined to flay had leave fo to do, fo was it a- greed to tranlport the others to New Spain, or fome of the Domi- nions belonging to the King of Spain in America, together with their Apparel, Books, and Papers, they providing thcmlelves with Vidtuals and Neceffaries. 3. That all CommifTion Officers, and none others fhould be per- mitted to wear their Rapiers and Poniards. 4. All Artificers, and meaner Sort of People were permitted to remain on the Ifland, and to enjoy their Goods, provided they con- formed themfelves to the Laws which fliould be eflabliflied. Thus was the Ifland of Jamaica reduced, which the Crnwn of England hath ever fmce been pofllefTed of; but General F enables being at length fb much weakened by the Flux as that the Phyfi- cians defpaired of his Life, and the Officers of the Army having un- animoufly pitched upon him, in cafe he recovered, as the only fit- ting Pcrfbn to repair ro England, and acquaint the Protcdor with their miferable Condition, being in great Want of all things, as well for Support of Life, as otherwife, he defirH ^-^ le al 'Penne, and Colonel Butler^ one of the Commiffionerr c to him, in or- der to the opening the fealed and ultiuiar .i-iiotis, wliich '"o s Days B^^^ I Ch ap. XIX. RuJnoftheRom.Eff'pire. 395 icy fr ^crrcd that 'Pen.e ' f'l'^'n With any y c« up all ,^^ Jicniruchthm,s ■7' %f4^« was obccalliicr'd,a„d ^;y fa Swabber, fuuabJctohisDo. crswcreifTucdby y Man attcmprcd topcath, orr/,at y " for his Life; 'ley advanced to- ters of with littJe y^5cgan to march ' lome S/>amriJs jeneral refuied fo ipply ofProvifi. did according to ollowing Articles ^efTaries for War, land, with their izcs, ^c. ftou/d le fliould appoint th of England. ] IHand (except >r Lives granted, do, fb was it a- le of the Dorai- , together with chemlclvcs with 5 fliould be per- re permitted to vided they cou- blifhcd. the Crown of eneral Feiidks chat the Phyfi- rmy having uu- as the only fit- Protcdor with tilings, as well al ''Petine, and to him, in or- is, vNliich two Days Pays afterwards they confented to do, when, with their Concur- rtflce, he rcfigncd his Command to Major-General Forte/cue, as he juj Power from the Protcdlor by the aforelaid fcaled Orders to do, in calc of any Inability ; and Tenne foon after thought it convenient, either upon the Score of Sickncfs, or otherwile, ro re- Ujni. in like manner, the Command of the Fleet to Vice- Admiral ipn, fo that both of them came Home, where when they arri- icdthcy were committed to the Tower; but before that Commit- ocDt they were called before Oliver and his Council, where both ofthem, efpccially Venables^ were fcvcrely reprimanded for leaving the Services committed to their Charge without Authority lb to do, js was then allcdged. Venabks, notwithftanding his very bad State of Health, was not permitted to abide for Ibme time in his own iof^ings, but was very feverely dealt with ; for as the Proteiftor in- filled on it that he (hould own his Fault in leaving the Army, and throw hiinfclf on his Clemency, fo he judging he had committed noCriine, but that being rcnder'd incapable by Sicknefs, to continue in thofe Parts longer, without an inevitable Hazard of his Life, and the Protedor having, in fuch Cafe, empowered the Commidioners to commit his Charge to fbmc other fitting Pcrfon, was not willing to be his own Accufer; and though even Tenne himfclf afTured him that he would not, in the manner that was expeded, own himielf guilty of a Fault, yet (for Reafons bed known to himfelf^ and the Perfuafions of others near the Protcdtor's Perfon) he made his Sub- nuflion before Venables could be prevailed with to do it, and therc- opoD was difcharged from his Imprifonment fome time before the o- therwas; that Part of the Fleet which remained abroad, together with fuch of the Land Forces as were not thought neceffary to re- main at Jamaica^ being brought Home by Vice- Admiral Good/on. While thefe things were doing in the IVeft-lndies, Admiral Blake, commanding the Protedlor's Fleet in the Mediterranean, repaired before TuniSj to demand Satisfaction of that Government for their Depredations committed on thtEngliJh, anid the Reftitution of the Captives, where meeting with an infolent Reply, that he might ad- drefs to their Caftles of Goletta and Torto Farina^ which would anfwer him with their Ordnance, he entered the Bay of Torto Fa- rm, and coming within Mufquet fhot of the Caflle, under the Fire of fi):ty great Guns that were planted there, and in a Line the Ene- my had thrown up along fliore, play'd fo furioufly upon it, that in two Hours it was made defencclefs, the Guns all dilmounted, and great Part of it beaten down. Then fetting fire to nine of their Ships that lay in the Bay, he proceeded thence to Tripoli and j^l- pir, and having made advantageous Treaties with thole Govern- ments, came again before Tunisy and found the Inhabitants now glad tofubmit to his Terms. Shortly after this, cruifing, in conjunoion with General Mountague, off of Cadiz, to intercept the Spanijh Flota, Captain Stayner, with three Ships of the Fleet, fell in with eight Galleons, with which he dealt fo effcdtually in two or three Hours Engagement, that one was funk, another let on fire, two were forced aihore, and two he took, having on board in Money £ e e I and Penne and Venables n- ji%n their Ccmmandi, and come homt. and art cimmttttd ti tht T»wir, Blake tumi tht Shift at Tunis. i6j6. Caft. Staynei hums and takes fime Spanilh Gal Itons, ,, (• 'I' I'M !j| ; ^9 6 Naval Tranfatlions fince the Book III. T t;h i(5j7. Blake burnt Spanifli ahip. at Santa Cruz. niake diti. Obfervat'ii-ns rn Lieaeral Blake. and Plate, to the Value of fix hundred thoufand Pounds, and only two clcaped into Cadiz. ' Early the next Spring Admiral Biake went out with a ftrong Squa. dron on the fame Defign of intercepting the Sfanijh f^ejilndm Fleet, and took his Station off of CadiZy where receiving Intelli- gence that ihofe Ships were arrived at Teneriffe^ he made the bed of his way to that Ifland. The Flota lay in the Bay of Santa Cruz drawn up in form of a Half Moon, with a flrong Barricade before them ; the Bay itfclf defended by feven Forts difpoled round the lame, with two Caftles at the Entrance, which were well furniihed with Ordnance : In which Poflure the Sfanijh Admiral thought himfclf lb fecure, that he fcnt out word by a 'Dutch Merchant, Blake might come if he durft. The Admiral having taken a View of the Enemy's Situation, fent in Captain Stayner with a Squadron to attack them, who (bon for. cine his Paflagc into the Bay, was prefcntly fupported by BUkt with the whole Fleet. Placing fome of his Ships fo as that they might fire their Broadfides into the Caftles and Forts, himfelf and Stayner engaged the Spanijh Fleet, and in few Hours obtaining a complete Victory, pofleffed himfelf of all the Ships; but being not '. able to bring them ofl^ he let them on fire, and they were every "" one burnt. After this glorious Atchievement he returned to the Coails of Spaittt and having cruiled there (bme time, was coming home with the Fleet to England^ when he fell ill of a Scorbutick i^evcr, of which he died juft as he was entering Tlimouth Sound. Crom'welh Parliament, upon the News of his Exploit at Santa Cruz, had or* dercd him a Jewel of five hundred Pound, and now upon his Death bcdowcd on him a folemn and fumptuous Funeral, interring him in i/f«^jvVirs Chapel. It is remarkable that this great Seaman was bred a Scholar in the Uuiverfity of Oxford^ where he had taken jthe Degree of a Mafter of Arts; and it is an Obfervation very pertinent to Sea- Affairs which the Noble Hiftorian;; who hath witten of thole Times, hath left us concerning him. '* He was, fays he, the firft Man that declined " the old Track, and made it manifell that the Science might be at> " taincd in lefs time than was imagined ; and defpifed thofe Rules " which had been long in pradice, to keep his Ship and his Men " out of Danger ; which had been held in former Times a Point of *< great Ability and Circumfpedtion ; as if the principal Art reqoi- *' fite in the Captain of a Ship had been to come home lafe again. " He was the firft Man that broughc tlie Ships to contemn Culies " on fliore, which had been ever thought very formidable, and were " difcovered by him to make a Noife only, and to fright thofe who << could rarely be hurt by them. He was the firfl that infiifed that " Proportion of Courage into the Seamen, by making them fee by « Experience what mighty things they could do if they were re* '» folv'd ; and taught them to fight in Fire as well as upon thcWa- << ter : and though he hath been very well imitated and followed, ^ ' "he BookIIi. I Chap.XIX. Ruin of the Rom. Ef^pire. 357 inds, and only h a ftrong Squa- !ceiving Intelli- : made the bed of Santa Cruz, Jarricado before ofed round the : well furniflicd dmiral thought ttch Merchant, 1 Situation, fent who fbon for. >rted by Blake fo as that they s, faimfelf and iirs obtaining a but being not ey were every > the Coafts of ling home with utick jf ever, of id. Cronfjuelh Cruz, had or- upon his Death iterring him in Scholar in the ee of a Madet a- Affairs which s, hath left us , that declined :e might be at' ed thofe Rules > and his Men mes a Point of pal Art requi- tme fafe again. >Dtcmn CalUes able, and were ght thofe who at iofufed that them fee by they were re- upon theWa- and followed, «'he he was the (ird that gave the Example of that kind of Nava! u CouragCt and bold and refblute Atchicvcments. In the latter end of the Year i6j8, upon occafion of the War bc- t^vecD Sweden and 'Denmark, the Powers which ruled in England tilling part with the former, fent out a ftrong Squadron to their Af- filbncc under the Command of Sir George Afiough, but it proving avflrfevcreWintcr, he was prevented by Ice from getting farther than ^^id'S, and returned home; and the next Year another Fleet was fent out for the fame purpofe under the Command of General Moun- \m\ who not long after employed the fame Ships in a much nwre houourablc Service, that of bringing over from Holland his Sovereign King Charles II, who now, in tnc Beginning of the Year i56o, was invited by his People to come and fit on the Throne of hisAnceflors. Id i66i, the fame Officer, now created Earl of Sandvuich, was fent at the Head of a numerous Fleet, to condu '•"'* toobftcrwards, they returned to the Eng/jjh Coafts. >i'e.rCor,v.y. The French King at this time purfuing his Intcrcft to keep up the Divilions between the two maritime Potentates, he, in order to weaken both, and that the 'D///f/j might be induced to continue the War they found thcmlclves unequal to, became a Party with them TAf French in it, and declaring War againft England, fitted out a Fleet under ii'",J,'"'' ''•" the Command of the Duke de Beaufort. The 'Dutch, in hopes of this AHiftance, ufed their utmoft Diligence to get early to Sea the next Spring ; and on our fide all Preparations were made for do- ing the like. The Fleet was put under the Command of Prince i?//- pt and the Duke of Albemarle, who arriving in the Downs the twenty ninth of Mayj received Advice that the French Fleet was come out to Sea in order to join the 'Dutch. Upon this News hm Rupert, with the White Squadron, made the beft of his way tothelfle oilVight, in order to intercept them as they came up the Chanel. With the fame Wind which carried the Prince to St. M%% the 'Dutch put to Sea, and finding the Englijh Fleet di- vided, refolved not to lofe lb favourable an Opportunity, and there- T^.Dutch*;- fore engaged the Duke oi Albemarle with a vaft Superiority. The mfrifl'^r/;. Me, far from declining the Battel, cncounter'd them with fingular Aifmu of Bravery, tho' fo much inferior in Strength ; and although the Wind, ^'"'" ^^' blowing hard at South- Weft, made his Ships ftoop fo, that they ^^"" could not ufe their lower Tire of Guns, they fought three Days fuccelTiveiy ; and in the firft Day's Engagement the 'Dutch had two of their great Ships fired ; in the fccond, they loft three Sail more; and on the laft , when Prince Rupert came in with his Squadron, Prina Ru- ikEngliJh charged through the 'Dutch Fleet five Ibveral times with ^Yb .^ '7 goodAdvantage, and fo broke them, that they had not above five and andX\)»\ch ^venty Ships remaining in a Body, which only maintained a running <"■« routed. Fight, and retreated to their own Coafts, having loft above fifteen Ships, with one and twenty Captains, and above five thoufand common Men. This Engagement was on the third of June , and by the nine- teenth of next Month the Fleet was at Sea again, under the fame Commanders in Chief, accompanied by Sir Jofeph Jordan, Sir Ro- yt Holmes, Sir Thomas Allen, Sir Thomas Tyddeman, Captain ^ihm, Sir Jeremy Smitii, Sir Edward Sfragge, and Captain Kew^thorne, who carried the Flags ; and coming icon after to an- other «i 4.00 Navdl Ti \ii)fitB'ions fincc the IJook III. W com-'lrtr t'ir!,.r , n:tr ai iht I liL' '•ir | 1 laiici:. A I liiU'i of i'ejct on ]oit. lit Dlltjh r/i ini/ihi'.f ill the Hi-.er McJ- w.iy. (,.;/iM;«Do\v- glafs hh iiobL' Krjolution, Other Kngac:;cmciit with the I'-nciny, obraincd a coinj.Icat Viianry fiiilviivj; or hu-niiv', abo^c twenty of their Sliips, killing A'-y,/;' Acliiiir.il of Zcfttd/tH^ Tift id' Iliddes^ Admiral on-'n^jLiiid, auj Rcar-Ailminl l'pcs of bciii" joined by the French Fleet under the Duke de Bcaiiforty (who lay at Rocbcllc with forty Sail) parted by Tiovcr the full oiScptcmkr. Prince Rupert with the Englijh Fleet ftood after them to the Ro.i(| of Boitlogvcy w here, to avoid fighnng, they haul'd dole in with tlic Shore, and had been there burnt, or run a^^round by the Prince, if a violent Storm I'uddenly coming on had not forced him to retire to St. llclaCi. In the mean while the French Fleet put to Sea from the Weftward, but three or four of their Ships, which Icpatatcd from the reft, falling in with Sir Thomas Allen's Squadron in xhz Sound- ings, he took one of them, called the Rubyj of a thoufand Tons and five hundred Men, with which Lofs the Duke de Beaufort was (or pretended to be) lb dilcouragcd, that he immediately returned into Port, as the '^Dntch did to their own Coafts. . In the beginning of the next Year a Treaty of Peace between England and Holland was let on foot by the Mediation of Sweden-, in confidence of the Succcfs whereof, the King forbearing tofetout a Fleet, whilrt his Minifters were negotiating at Breda, the 1)utef}, with levcnty Sail of Ships, under ^De Rnyter , appeared in the Thames Mouth, and fending in a Squadron, poflclTecl thcmfelves of the Fort at Sheerncfs, though bravely defended by Sir Ed'i'ard Spraggc. The Duke of Albetnarle, who was Lord-General, with all Expedition haftened down thither with Ibmc Land Forces, and, to oppolc the Enemy's Progrels, lunk Ibme Veflcls in the Entrance of the Mi'd'jiiay, and laid a flrong Chain acrofs it : But the ^Butcb, with a high Tide, and a flrong Eaftcrly Wind, broke their way through, and burnt the three Ships which lay to defend the Chain, and going up as far zs "Vpnore Cajlle ■, burnt alio the RmlO&k, and having much damaged x.\\c Loyal London and the Great James, fell down the River again, carrying off with them the Hull of the Royal Charles, which the Englifl) had twice fired, to prevent that Diihonour, but the Enemy as often quenched again In this Adion one Captain TDowgla/s, (who was ordered to defend one of thole Ships which were burnt) when the Eftcmy had let fire to if, re- ceiving no Commands to retire, laid, it JJ?onld never be toUthn rfDow- HookIII. I ChapXIX. Ruin of the Kom. Empire. 401 :oin|.lcat Vi(aory, lulling Evniz, )t' I'rt'jLiiid, and iml loinnioii Sci :iny'sHcct rctircj i-iiilss, whither our lailcd triumpham- Iktc the Generals he burnt and dc- t Ships whiL-h lay \ng, alio fired the ;lit o(I' a confidcr- other I-oh on our lal. their Fleer to Sw.i in hopes of bciiii; caiifort, (who lay full oi Svptmkr. them to the Road d dole in with the I by the Prince, if cd him CO retire to t put to Sea from hich Icpatated from dron in the Smd- f a thoufand Tons ,c de Beaufort was mediately returned of Peace between liation of Sweden; >rbeariiig to fct out 3rcda, the 'Dutcfi, , appeared in the :(rcd thcmrelves of i by Sir Ehard ord- General, with Land Forces, and, Is in the Entrance Bat the 'Duteli, broke their way defend the Chain, the R^yal Oak, x.hc Great James, 11 the Hull of the J, to prevent that In this A6lion fend one of thofc ice fire to it, ic- 'cver be told thI ihi Uuiiii.S'iiyr- na tthiji. thi Dutili. Count il'K- llrccj j'lii thi Kiiglilh Htit. rcfulcd to (Irikc then Hai^s; upon which he imiiicdi.irclv cnMi>ed thcin, ami, after an ohiliiucc Fi^ht, which lalUd till the Kvcnmuot that Day, and all the next, took live of their lichcll Merchant Men with their Rear Admiral, which was lb dilablcd in the Eiigagcmcm' that flic liiiik in a lew Hours, in our Polldlion. In the mean time Sir Edward S/>ra^j^e bcinj^ at the Head of a Squadron in the Mediterranean to tcprels the Piracies of the /llee. rities^ who had violated their late Treaty, he repaired to Bum^ the moft confidcrahlc of their Towns next Jlf^ier, where forcing the Doom which lay acrols the Entrance of the Harbour, he went in and burnt nine of their bed Ships as they lay under the Cannon of the Caftlc; which A(^ion fo terrified the Barbarians^ and put rhcm in liich Confufion and Dilbrdcr , that they Ihuck olT their Dey's Head, and let up another, whom they forced to come to Terms of Agreement with that Admiral. In few Days after Sir Robert Holmei\ Exploit againft the Dutch DtcUrationej Fleet, thc King ilTued out his Declaration of War, and Preparations ivtt atmnfi ^.g^g rcii.diC on Doth fides for vigoroufly carrying on thc fame. Thc Naval Force of thc French King being to adt in conjuniUioo with ours, thc Count d'EJlrdcSy Vice Admiral oi France, arrived thc third of May at 'PortfmoHth., xvith a Squadron of Ships of that Nation; and our Fleet loon after repairing* thither from the Tiowm, they both put to Sea , thc Duke of lork being Commander in Chief, Monncur d'EJir^es aiding as Admiral of thc White, and the Earl of Sandwich being Admiral of thc Blue. On thc nineteenth of May they difcovcr'd thc Dutch, about eight Leagues E. S. E. of thc Gunfleett and prepared to engage the next Day ; but thick Weather coming up, they lod fight of each other, and the Englijh and French Fleets put into Solebay, where conti- nuing till thc twenty eighth, thc Dutch appeared unexpcdedly in thc Offing, bearing up to them, and had like to have liirprizcd them in the Bay. Thc Enemy's Fleer was commanded by Banckert, who led thc Van, and attacked thc White Squadron under Monficur d'Efiria\ by De Ruyter, the Commander in Chief in the Centre, who en- gaged thc Red Squadron under the Duke ; and by Van Ghent, in the Rear, who fought with thc Blue Squadron under the Lord JW- T*«D«*«»/^^if/,. The Dutch began thc Engagement with the White Squa- F°nchM|l«! dron, as hath been oblcrved, and the French received them at th, Dutch, fird with groat Courage and Bravery, but were loon tired, and fhecred on from the Battel. In the mean time thc Duke and De Ruyter were warmly engaged for fomc Hours, lo that his Royal Highnefs was forced to change his Ship the St. Michael, and go on board x\\c Loyal London. The Earl oi Sandwich, in the Royal James, maintained a bloody Fight with thc Enemy's Rcar- ?/w'^"'"'' " Admiral, who was foon taken ofT with a Cannon-fliot ; but one of De Ruyter's Squadron coming up to that Ship's Afliftancc, with four Firelhips, laid his Lordfliip on board, who after a Fight of five Hours, having bravely repullcd him with three of the Firelhips, was s « ! M Book III. BuapXIX. h't/in oft hcRom, Empire. iicdnrclv engaged till the Kvcnii)|.o| cllMcrthatitMen, » the Engagcjncm, ar rhc Had of i acics of the yllj^f repaired to %m, '■'r, where forcing "larbour, he went under the Cannon •bariatij, and put y llruck off their breed to come to againft the Dutch , and Preparations )n the fame. The I conjuni^ioD with e, arrived the third >s of that Nation ; the Downs t they nmander in Chief, to, and the Eirl of Dutch, about eight engage the next jht of each other, 'bay, where conti- d unexpectedly in ivc liirprizcd them '.ert, who led rhe )nficur d'Efirks\ '. Centre, who en- by Van Ghent, in ler the Lord Satil the White Squa- received them at : (bon tired, and ne the Duke and 'ours, lo that his St. Michael, and 'andu'tch, in the lie Enemy's Rcar- .(liot ; but one of 5 Afliftancc, wich tcr a Fight of five the Fircihips, was It ,i,,»t(h lircd by the tuuith, ami pciiihcd lu the Ship with Icvrral "' /•"';r'»fi"i>. The Body of the Karl of Sandvukh was taken np llajiiiig ;u Sea, and aftcrwartU iucerrcd with great Solemnity, at the Km;;'-. Charge, in K-'cjirHoifhr Abby. The rdl of 'his Campaign palled wiihour any thing remarkable i Ixii i;rc.u Preparations were nnaJc for fcttina out a ftrong Fleer, a- j;iii)ltthc next. And in the bcginniix; of A I ay the Klcct pur to Sea, h^tv iiiKlcrthc Coniluil of Prince Rupert, who being joined olT of Rye rhi I'rfnch hj\k Frmh Fleet unttcr the Count d'F/hrcs, lailed in quell of ',^'" ^'^',""' ,,^ thcKncray to the Coafts oiHoiland. T>c Rttyter, who had been Rye. fitftirSca, havinsj failed in a Dcfign of intercepting our Canary, Bmicuu.x, and Mrjucajile Fleets, in their Puflagc into the River, \ijs returned to the Sehonevelt, where the Conkdcratc Fleet fell in ihe FnplKh with him, and Inon began a Iharp Engai»cmcnt. The French Ad- V'fJ'll^^'^^ miralurried the While Flag, as he had done before; but now, to I'nuth «f,ir ptcvciu his delcrting us, as he had done in the larc Fight, his Ships bchoncvcit. were iiircrmi:y were near a hundred. The I'l^hi was bewail between Sir Edward Spraggc, Admiral of tkllluc, and the 7J«/rA Vice Admiril Van Trump, and continued with ;;rcar Fury till it was dark ; when, after a confiderablc Lois niihnih fides, the two Fleets Icparatcd. This Battel was fought tli€ mcnty eighth of I^Iay, and on the fourth of next Montii they fiitic to aiiorlier Eiigai^cmcnt near the lame Place, which was alio Another nat- hw'ijaii at;,iiii by Spragi^e and Tramp, and lartcd with equal Fury till n^^"^"''^'^'*"' Nijir paired thcin, wliai both fides challenged the Vidtory, which, ""^^"^ I'V ihcir i.;allant Ikhaviour, they both dcfcrved ; the 'Dutch got ttithiii their Banks, and the Engltjh Fleet returned to their own Co,-,lls, By the middle oi July Prince Rupert got out to Sea again, and /v;nc« Rupert t'uiilit another Uattel with the Kncmy off of rhc Tcxel, wherein ou,''.i/i^ ,/ Hmkfit, with the Zealand Squadron, meeting with very little rA.Tcxd. RclilLincc from the Count d'EJlr^ei, join'd with "De Ruyter in at- taekiiii; the Red Squadron, and diftrofl'cd Prince /?«/'<'?^^ very much; *hilc Sir Edu^rd Spraj^ce in the Blue Squadron was hotly engaged wiih Admiral Tramp, whom he forced once cut of his Ship, and \ f f 2 was 404 Naval TranfaBions Jince the Book III. ■ Cha I? Bn;i m ut 5;r Edward St lagge drourtfil. The French //4ii but tiitle Jl)are in the Engigtmtnii. Sir Tobias Bridges taUi Tab.igo. S/.liullace/4- ke» Jrom the Dutch. Captain'bilwn- den rtctiiers at. Helena, and takes ihrci E.ill- India ihips. 7^«Dutchvas unfortunately drowned ; who, with Sir IVilliam Reeves and Captain Hcymatiy were the only Perlbns of Note which were loft on our fide. The 'Dutch had two Flag Officers killed, and two of their largcil Ships fuuk, with four or five Fn e/hips deftroyed ; where- as on our part the only I.:^*"s was that of the Henrietta Yacht which was luuk by the fide of the Lord Offory^ Rear-Adrairal of the Blue. It is very remarkable that, notwithilanding all the Pre- cautions Prince Rupert could uie, the French could not be broueht to take any j^rcat Ihare either in this or the two former Engage- ments, Monficur d'Ejlrdes^ by one means or other, eluding hisOr- dcr.s and keeping aloof from the Fury of the Battel. In the mean time Sir Tobias Bridges failing with a Squadron of fix Ships from Barbadoes to Tabago, a neighbouring Plantation be- longing to the 'Dutch, pofllefled himfelf of that Ifland, with a Booty of about four hundred Prilbners, and as many Negros ; and loon af- ter was alio taken fiom them St. Eujiace^ another of the Caribbee Illands, in their roflcflion. About which time four of their Eaft- India Ships having reduced the Ifland of St. Helena y Cap. tain Richard Munden was ordered thither with four Ships of War, and immediately recovered the fame', with a Lofs more fa- tal to the Dutchy of three rich Eafthtdia Uhij.., v. liirh there k\\ into his Hands. But in revenge of thefe Proceedings, the Duuh Vice Admiral Evert z failing, with fifteen Men of War, to our Plan- tations on the Continent, took feveral Ships, and did other confi- derablc Miichiefi and thence going down to the Caribbees, reco- vered the Ifle of St. Euflace, which we had lately taken. By this time the People of England being alarmed at the vaft Progrci's of the French King's Arms in the Netherlands, grew vcty unealy at the Continuance of ilio War with the Dutch^ and indu- ced the King to come to a Peace with them, which was concluded in the beginning of the next Year ; by which Treaty they agreed, among other things, to the Right of tht Flag, to lettle the Affairs of Commerce in ihc Eajl Indies^ and to pay his Majefty eight hun- dred thoufand Petacoons. In the latter end of the Year i6y^, Sir John Narbrougb was fent with a Squadron to the Mediterranean, to chaftile the Pirates of TripoUy who had interrupted our Trade in that Sea, and coming be- fore that Place, in the Dead of the Night, manned out his Boats, and lent them into the Port, under the Condudt of his Licutenanr, Mr. Cloudjley Shovell, who firft leizing the Enemy's Guard-Boat, went on undilcovered, and furprized four of the Trifoline Ships (which were all they had in Port) as they lay under the Callle and Walls of the Town, and having burnt them, returned triumphantly to the Ships without the Lois of one Man •. ibon after which Sit John Narbrough concluded a Treaty with the Government of 7r;- poli, upon advantageous Terms. Some time after this the Algerines breaking with us, and cruiiing on our Ships trading iu their way, Admiral Herbert failed, in the beginning bcginoii %(ih ^ flilllubl The I Gartilbn of demo /or the atthcH( Dcral of imracdiai uled in n ;i ^ Book III. ■ ChapXIX. Ruin of the Rom. Empire. 405 gainjl th$ AI- gerines. 16S1. .S83. beginoing of the Year 1682, with a Squadron ro the Med'tterra- ^dmiraiHet ^0, and forced that People to come to a Peace, by a Treaty which ''"' ^"" " gl lubftfts with their Government. The King bcin}^; now weary of the vaft Charge of maintaining the Gjtrilonand Fortifications of /la/vg/fr, hisMajefty came to aRefolution of dcmolilhiiig the fame, and mailing choice of the Lord T>artmouth /or the Performance of that Service, lent him thither in yf//^//// 168 3, atihcHcad of a confiuerable Squadron, with a Couimiflion to be Ge- Jht urd Dcral of his Forces in Barhfty. His Lordlhip, on his Arrival there, i^'ftmouth immediately let about that Work, and the* all poflTiblc Diligence was Tangier. "'^ uledin ruining the Place, it was mary Months before its Deftrudtion ftascomplcatcd. It had a very fine Moie, on which vaft Sums of Money had been expended fince it came into the Hands of the En^tp)-, which coft the Workmen the moft trouble of any thing Tht Town ellc, the Stones being cemented together to the fame Hardnefs as JWo/* 4n^ the natural Rock, lb that they were forced to drill it in Icveral Pia- ^*l/d! *' CCS, and blow it up by Piecemeal. The Mole, together with the Rubbilh of the Town, was thrown into the Harbour, to fill it up, and did lb cfTcc^ually fpoil the fame, as it can never again be made a Port. By the King's Diredion there were buried among the Ruins a coiifidcrable Number of mill'd Crown-Pieces of his Majefty's Coin, which haply, many Centuries hence, when ot'ier Memory of it fliall be loft, may declare to (iiccceding Ages that that Place was once a Meml)cr of the Britijh Empire. Soon after this King Charles dying, there happened nothing re- King Charlcj mjrhble at Sea during the (hort unhappy Reign which followed, "''^""*' till near the Conclufion of it by the Glorious Revolution , which placed the Prince oi Orange and his Illuftrious Confbrt on the Throne, the Naval Incidents whereof^ and of the long War which enfued thereupon with Franccy will be related in the next Book. '\\ A COM- m '0 "T^ r ^ * w x'M V r 07 P A R E N G 1 A N"- Z) Bristal V Arrt(MnJ UjC*, I*k$ty- «*«>, Sm XT T JlQ "LvW^'i TTVJ'* CSijrflmu^ '6 Vy ?^' ^ fc. N o It I Avntntt *-t*^ ^•^ i688. I James notice of Prefara- t M Hol- L '■«*tl *'Mmti Ca^ti ■*^ur -Cnttanet NoitJVtANBIE r*"^ I Avrmntt ■'J*. ^^i i *- 1 1 A Cliart ofl^ CHAlSriSrEL Betwee.! i^jsrcxANZ) <&:ntA]srcj: and a.lsv iPurt of -A^ Coast Sands 8C 3a,nkj Sttu^iti X:N-GZJLND and HOLLA.NI> . 3y H.:M.oJl G4e^ra.ph*r. -i-J 1:i t :!l E"l **" ^J i*7- Si\ P-Ajfcr o jjt.jrx^jN'^ -WtxfiM U., /"' ^i^l / -r m H 407 A COMPLEAT H I S T O RY Of the mod Remarkable TRANSACTIONS at SEA. BOOK IV. Containing an Account of the Naval Tranfadions of the Englijh, from the Revolution in 1^88, to the Peace of Rjfwick, in the Year i^^7. ^ \--w\\ I Chap. I. the Proceedings of the Englifti Fleety upon the Prepara- ttoiii made in Holland, till the Prince of Orange'f landing in England. S the Invitations which the Prince oi Orange received 1688. in the Year 1688, induced him to make Preparation fj'^J??"/', rill In ■r^ t • !••/•• 1 L ** HOtlCe Of in Hottand for an Expedition to this Kingdom, that the prtpara- thereby he might fecure to us our Religion, Laws, [""" "» Hoi- aDd Liberties, fo had King James Advice from time to time of the Progrefs his Highnefs made; and althoi^h HsMajefty was not at firft thoroughly convinced that his Defign was to waft bis Forces hither, (notwithflandiDg he had then an Am- baiTador 4o8 NavalTraiifacl'wmoftheY.n^\\{h, BookIV. I Chap Sc0Htt fint tut baffaclor ac the Hag^ne) yet being afterwards well afTurcd thereof, and having a linall Squadron of Ships in Pay, coininandcd by Sir Roger Strickland^ then Rear Admiral oi England, he thought it convchlent to appoint them a Place of Rendezvous, and about the middle of June lent out ibmc Scouts to oblerve the Motions of the 'Dutch licet. Not long after that the Squadron was ordered to jtnt'u'iih sir Scif and made two Ihort Trips to and from Southwold ^vj, Roger Mnck- ^^^ y^^ whercof was after King James had vifitcd them at the Buoy of the Nore, and confuTted with his Flag Officers, and Captains, what was moft advilcable to be done for intercepting the "rincc in his PafTage ; for at that time it was altogether un- ktlipwn at the Englijh CoUrt to what Part of the Kingdom he was deHtthcd. Tnc Preparations in Holland advancing apace. King James deem- ed it Decenary to fend Inftrudlions to Sir Roger Strickland how to govern himl'elf in lb important an Affair ; of which loftrudtions it may not be improper to inlcrt the following Copy. Kini James*/ Jnflriidioni It Sir Roger Strickland. James R. WHereas We have been lately given to underftand, that great Preparations arc at this Day making by the States of the United Provinces, for increafmg their Naval Force now at Sea, by the Addition of a conftderable Ndmbcr of their greater Ships ; and foralmuch as We think it behoving, that, for preventing, as liiuch as may bCf the Evil that may be intended towards Us, Out Government, or the Trade of Our Subjcds, you, with the Com- ftiinders of Out Ships under your Chaise, be, without Delay, ad- Vertifed thereof, We have, to that Purpolb, cauied this, by Expteis, fo be difp&tched to you, to the end that, upon Receipt hereof, you may immediately apply your felf to the confidering, and putting ia Execution, whatever you, with the Advice of fuch of Our Com- manders as you fhall call to your AfTidance, fhall judge expedient, for the putting, and keeping Our Ships in a Condition of attending the Motion of thoie of the Stares, as you (hall from time to time conceive moft for Our Service. To which end, though liich is Our Reliance upon your approved Diligence, Integrity, Valour, and Ex- ptbritnce in maritime Affairs, that we do hereby eniirely commit the whole Condu<% thereof, in all Emergencies, to your fole Dkcdtion, yet We conceive it not unufeful (without Conftraint) to recom- mend to you, in your Proceedings therein, the following Confide- rations, viz. X. That cw6 of Our Ships (to be changed once a Week) may be always kept cruifmg off of Orfordnefs^ m order to as early difco- vering OS may be the Approach, or Motion of thole of the States, with Inftrudions not to fail, fb foon as any lUch Diicovery ihall be «iade, to repair With Advice thereof your ielf to the *Dowtts, ot Ivhere eKt yon Ihall appoint for thetr meeting you. a. That lb foon as the Wind fliall come Eafterly, and while itfo <:ontinoes, the like be done by Ships to be by you employed be- ' i twccn twee Ships p4 udh lilfl iTB^^idV. I Chap. I from thaXoar |688, to 16^1* 40^ tivcci t!ic Goodvj'm Smds and QAz/j, for nrcvcnting the States 5l)ips pjlling by undilcovcrcd to the Wcftward. And here you arc to take notice, that for the more effectual Ic- ciiiiinjof timely Advice to you of the Proceedings of the Ships of iIk Scare?, and caHng you in the Ships to be Iparcd for this ulc, Wc luvc determined to caulc Ibme /^/ja-^/wi^ Smacks, or other Imall Cw/r, proper tor that Work, to be without Delay taken up, and Icnttbrtli to that Purpolc, with Hke Inftrudlions to repair from time tn nmc to you, with Advice, as before; of the Rcaihnels of which Vdf.ls to proceed on this Service, you Ihall be farther informed from the Secretary of Our Admiralty. \. That upon your being advertifcd of the 'Dutch Ships being come inScj, and of their Motion there, it may beadvilcable (which Way inner they bend, whether to the Northward, down the Chanel, :nto the River, or towards the !Z)<3t*:-7/jy' that you with Our Squadron do get under Sail, and (quitting the '^Jjoiziis either by the North, or So\ii\\ Forelafid, according to your Dilcretion) endeavour to follow ihciii, lo as always, if po(Tible, to keep between them and their Home. And in Calc of their attempting to make any Delcent, by landing of Men upon any of Our Coalls, you arc to proceed hortilcly upon them, for the preventing, or interrupting them as much as may be in their laid Attempt. 4, That Care be timely taken, by Orders to be given in that bc- halfj that cfTedual Provifion be always made for our Ships refbrting to Ionic known Places of Rendezvous, in Calcs of Separation; and that as frequent Accounts of the Proceedings of the 'Dutch be by )'o'j dilpatched, as conveniently may be, to the Secretary of Our Admiralty, for Our Information. And whereas, for the better in- tbrcing the prefent Squadron of our Ships under your Command, Wc have determined upon converting thole of the fifth Rate into Firclhips, and fitting out others of the third and fourth Rates in their room, in the doing whereof all Endeavours of Dilbatchwill be made, Our Will and Plealiire is, that you do forthwith ifliic out your Orders to the Lord Berkeley, to take the firft Opportunity of Wind and Weather for bringing the Charles Gaily to SheerneJ's, that her Company may be removed into liich other Ship as wc Ihall by Our ConimiflTion appoint for him. But We are pleafed to diredt, that in cafe the Referve be ftill with you, and that you conceive her to be 111 any Condition of being kept abroad a little while longer, for an- Iwcring the prefent Exigence, till theic Recruits, or Part of them, can come to you, you do refpite the fending her to 'Fortjmouth till farther Order. For which this Ihall be your Warrant, (iiven at Our Court at IVindfor, the twenty fecond Day of yf«f «y?, 1688. By Command of his Majejiy, S. Pepys. Sir Roger Strickland being thus inftrudled, I refer you to the following Account of the Strength of the Squadron, and of what Ships were ordered to be got in a Readinei's to join him, viz. h. fi Hi •I. I. Ggg Number 4IO NirvtilTranfaB'wnsofthc'EngWih, BookIV. I CH } I \ \ I I ■ fW'ri '' ^lilwlAi i' 1 Hill ■Ii 1 1 ^^■^^^HH SJi 1 ; m ffVi fljlfr f 1' ^I^^bHI^^^^^RIm^H J '^fl »ml }j . HIIHI M iHiHimiiii i Hi fill 1.' 1 ^mH^H » r Mt, a H if HnII^I jBlwLf < u nil ^Hfl^^l ijr mi^^^B II^VS III if I^H^^H |t|4 kl vf ' l^^lni^^HH liBMKi H IIHH Itlfli 1; IIH 1.1 'ImbImiuHH '^''" tt^B ■i |||HR liiHffl 1 ImH IIP IIHHI W- 'f fl tHiflU|fl|H|l 1 j; 'HII iHI^^HV HI 11 1 ■''nn'HiMn iB I f 4i ' 1 i^H 111' § '■•\ 1 il^^Hli W ft 1 iln Duic r ship, ,i,i,in,d Mutnbcr and Rates of Sbifs which were with Sir Roger Strickljn.l Kates Kircfliips — Ordcrea to be fitted out to join him. Kirclhips — 1 3 in all 61 IJcfidcs fix Tenders, which were to be employed as Scouts. Sir ^0^(7' found that thofc Ships he had with him were very ill manned, anil fincc there was but little Proljiedl of a ipccdy Supply of Seamen, he dcfircd that Ibme Soldiers might be lent on board to make up that Deficiency, which was done, but not with that Speed the Nature of the Service required. He advifcd with thole Officers in the Squadron whom he judged the nioft experienced, and communicating to them the Contents of his Inftrudlions, both he and they were of Opinion, that they oughr, when viduillcd, to fail to the Buoy of the Ciuujieet^ on this Side Haf^icb, fincc .si) Riificr'"! /Tir, (",/'«.'" they might fboner get Intelligence there of the Motion of the 1)utch, than by ftaying in the ^Downs^ for that with Wellcrly /.f^ Kmi l.inics ) Directions to Inm ihertup- Winds it would be five or fix Days before the Scouts alT of Orforl nvj's could ply it up; whereas the Squadron might fnoiicr put to Sea from tiic Cimfkct., upon Notice that the Dutch were come out. Bn. if when this Ihoiild be confidcred by his Majcfty, it met not wik.. I'is Approbation, he propolcd that one or two of the Scouts might liiil dircdly to the Coaft oi Holland^ to make Dilcovcticj, whilll he, at tiie lame time lent two of his clcaneft Ships ofFoiOr- fordncjs for that purpolc. Soon after King James received tliis Propofition, he fignificdhis Plcaiiirc thereupon, and that in liich a manner, as made it apparent the Opinions of the Flag Officer, and Captains under him, were not fo much adhcr'd to as might have been cxpeded from the Contents of his Majefty's firft Infttu(aions; for he let Sir Roger Strickland know, that having confidcred well of what he had propolcd, and debated the lame with fevcral of the moft experienced Commanders, and Mailers, he was fully convinced, that it could not in any wile be convenient for his Service to put the lame in Execution; for that the GuHjh'ct, at fuch a Sealbn oi the Year was a very ill Road, and that, if the Wind Ihould hang Eafterly, he would be liable to be driven up the River by thc'Dutch, which ought above all things to be avoided. Wherefore he dirc<5led him to go out of the 'Downs with the firft Laftcrly Wind, and to place himRlf between the North Sand Head, i and bickofi he wJ^ 11,1 tlic R| )i;;n [0 f'^f hciw'CC" I ilicr, to ihcir Coil luck oftl WJblct'ttf Caution, nf'thcM Tlid'c Dil ifli, BoodV. I Ch ap. I. from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 4' > anJthc Kfiifijh Knocks rlicrc fo cniuir.uc under Sail in tlic Day tunc, jnJicAiiclior iiithc Ni^hr, if fair Wcatlicr; Initil it happciial toblovv (u^d, Jiid tliat the 'Viitcb Hect did nor appear, to proceed by tlic bick of the C/^<'r gone »,) rhc River ; in the former of which Calcs it wasiCCouinn.nded to ),:;n ro fbllow tlicmas near as he judged convenient, until they were hciwccn the [jzard and i'c/Uy, and linding tlicm proceeding (ar- (licr, to return to St. Hclleu\ Road, or Spiihead; but if rlicv bent ihcirCniirlc into the River, he was to endeavour to return by the luik of the CoodiiJH, and to jzet the Wind of them For the reft it wjikft to him to procecil as he mould judge moil proper, with this only Oution, that as loon as the Wind came up Wcfterly, and that not a»y oiflic foreincntioncd Cafes happened, he was to repair to the 'Do'x/is. Thclc Dircdlions rather to proceed to Ihlogm bay than the CjUh- llftt, wctc determined upon a lolcmn Dcbarc the Day before they bore Dito, fviz.thc 16''' oi y^ugujlj in King James's Clolct, at /A'/W- fiT, the following Pcrlbns being prelent, who were particularly iuiiimoiicd from Loudon^ namely, the I .ord ^Dart mouth, Mr. 'Pepysy Sc- crctjry of the Admiralty, S'w John licrryy and three elder Brothers of ikTrinity Houlc oiT)eptford Stroud, Capr. Atkittjbn^ Capt. Mudd, anil Captain Riitter, tog/rher with Captain John Clements. The fccond of September Sir Ro^er Strickland had Advice from one of the Scouts, that twenty five Sail of the 7)ttrf/j Fleer, fixtcen ^dvUtofth, ot them great Ship?, were off oi'Gorc'e, on the Coaft oi' Holland, K'-t'iixfji »j inmccftncm under Sail, with three Flags, viz. Admiral, Vice, and '//J'"'''' Rear, and that they all lay with their Topfails loolc upon the Wind- ward Tiiic. King James thinking his Sqiiadton (which though but very weak- ly manned, were, for what ReafonI know nor, forbid toprelsMcn even out of homeward bound Merchant Ships) not of iiifficicnt Strength to intercept the 'Dutch, ofdcrcd them to retire to the Buoy cf the More; but commanded that two of the cicaucft Frigates (hould \\) 0^ oWrfordiiefs, and that upon the full Approach of a foreign Fleer, one of them Ihould immediately repair to the More, with Advice thereof, and the other remain in tier Station, to oMcrvc whether the faid Fleet made up towards Hariuich, or the River, and then alio come to the Nore, and give notice thereof by the u- liul Signals. And that the Motions of the Dutch Fleet might be the better known, it was recommended to Sir Roger StrickUnd, as aMattcrof greateft Importance, lb to employ all the Scout Vcifcls, as that he might have from them, and King James himlcli from him, the mnft frequent and cxa6t Account" of their Proceedings on their own Coift, and of their Departure thence. The Beginning of O&ober K\i\ with a Body of his own Troops, iato Ire- loud, Mr. Herbert (foon after created Earl of TorringtonJ was ap- i:,»| William pointed Admiral of the Fleet the fourteenth of March, who coming m"'""-^''- lofortfmouth the twentieth of that Month, found that the Ships T/Jma7of'^ which were ordered to join him from the Eaft lay Wind-bound in the the Fttit. T)kiis. The twentieth of y4/>ril all thofe defigned for the Afedi' "^^y* termaan were added to him ; and he having had notice ibme Days before (*:!■ iiiii His P- lead- ings to the Coaft of Ire- land, •■"1(1 en gagingin l?.ln try Bay. 4 1 6 NavalTranfaBions of the Englifli, Book IV. before that King James was landed in Ireland^ he haftcned to that Coaft with all the Strength which could poflibly be gotten together hoping he might intercept the Ships of War which were his Con' voy ; the reft he ordered to follow him, and to do it rather fmgly, than lolc time by ftayiug for another ; and the Places appointed tor Rendezvous were the Coaft of Ireland, or ten Leagues Weft of Scltlj. Coming before Cork the feventeenth of y^r/7, with only twelve Ships of War, one Firefliip, two Yachts, and two Smacks, he was informed that Y>.\v\^ James (who was conduded over by twenty two Ships from France) landed at Kinfale about two Months be- fore. This led him to proceed firft oifof BreJ^, and then to range to and fro in the Soundings, in hopes of meeting thofc Ships; but failing thereof; and returning to the Irifl; Coaft the twenty ninth oi April, he difcovered in the Evening, o^ oi Kinfale, a Fleer cf forty four Sail, of which he loft fight the next Day ; but judging them to be to thcWeftward of him, he bore away, with the Wind Eafterly, for Cape Clear, and in the Evening faw them ftanding in- to Bantry Bay. He lay in the Offing until Morning, and then ftocd towards them, having encreafed his Strength to nineteen Ships of War, but the Dartmouth, a fmall Frigate, was one of the Num- ber. The French were at Anchor, being twenty eight, moft of them from fixty to upwards of Icvcnty Guns, and lome bigger, with fire Fire'ihips ; and the Tranfport Ships (which carried to Ireland 3\io\i: five thoufand Men) were at Ibme Diftance plying toWindwaJ. Upon fight of our Ships, thofc of the Enemy got under fail, and when the Admiral had, not without difficulty, worked up within two Miles of them, they bore down on him in a very orderlyLine, and one of their Ships being within Musket- lliot of the Dejimu, which led our Van, they two began the Fight, as did the others after as loon as 'twas poflible. His Lordfliip made le veral Boards, intending thereby to gain the Wind of the Enemy, or at leaft to engage clofer j than they feem'd willing to do ; but finding he could not do either, and that it was not advifeable to maintain in fuch a manner fo i equal a Fight, he ftretched off to Sea, not only to get his Ships i to a regular Line, but to gain the Wind, if poffible; but fo very! cautious were the French in bearing down, that he could not meet j with any Opportunity of doing it, ib that continuing the Fight up- on a Stretch, until about five in the Afternoon, the French Admi- ral tack'd and ftood in towards the Shore; and as our Ships had] luffered fo much in their Mafts and Rigging, that not the one half j of them were in a Condition for farther Adion, (b doubtlefs t\[tFmch\ received confiderable Damage. How far their Admiral was reftrain- ed by Orders I cannot learn, but certain it is that he made very lit- tle ufe of the grcateft Advantage ; for as he had the Wind, lb had kj double the Force, befides Firelhips. Confidering therefore all Cir-j cumftanccs, and that moft of our Ships were very ill manned, thcyl came off more fortunately than could realbnably have been cxpcflj cd ; for there were no more than ninety Men killed, and two huni drcJl h, BookIV I Chap.^^' from theJearjSSS^ to 1691. 417 Jted and levcnty wounded, Captain George Aylmer being the only Orraiii ll-iin in the Adtion. After this Difputc was over the Admiral repaired to his Rendez- vous, which was ten Leagues Weft from the Illands of Scilly^ where he was in hopes of meeting with liich an additional Strength, as ighi have enabled him to proceed in Icarch of the French', but Tht Aamiral returns to Spithead. rail, . 5;iD" dilappointed therein, he returned to Spithead, where Orders Hcrc lodg'd for the immediate fitting the Ships, and all fiich as had not before join'd the Fleet, but were lb far advanced as 'Plhnouih, otScilly, were remanded to S/> it head, at which Place thole coming trom the Eaft were alfo direded to rendezvous till farther Orders. SuchDilpatch was made, that the Admiral arrived with the Fleet oi^oi'Torbaj about the middle oi June, and not many Days after leveral Ships of the States-General reached Spithead, with their Ad- miral, a Vice, and Rear Flag ; and they, together with Mr. Ruff'el*, then Admiral of the Blue, iailed the fecond of July to join the Bo- dy, as did (cveral others, as they came in, and received Orders fb to do. Vice- Admiral Killegrew had been for fome time with a Squadron olTof 'Dunkirk, to keep the French Ships in that Port ; but he finding no more than four in Flemijh Road, and three of them i'raali ones, was alio ordered to join the Fleet. This little Squadron were Merchant Ships hired into the Service, except the Kent, a third Rate, two Imall Frigates, and two Firefhips, fo that they were dif- pofed of to (cveral neceflary Stations, being in no wife proper for the Line of Battel. The Admiral cruifed on the French Coaft, and to and fro in the Soundings, without meeting any thing remarkable; and being the latter end oiJuguJi in very great want of Beer, was obliged to come to Torbay, a Place very convenient for the Refrefliment of the Fleet though i: docs not altogether pleaie fome People on fliore, who (without rcalon) think it a Loadftone which does too much attrad:. k\\i\ now the Winter Seaibn being fo far advanced as not to admit of keeping the Fleet at Sea in a Body, thofe Ships which wanted j;rcatc(t Repairs, elpecially of the biggcft Rates, were ordered into Pnrr, and the Remainder divided into Squadrons ; of which Squa- drons, as I come now to give fome Account, fo will I firft mentioa ihat detached with Sir George Rooke \ in the Month of May. The Admiral thought it for the Advantage of the King's Service to lend him with feveral Ships to the Coaft oi Ireland, that he might alTift the Generals of the Land Forces in the ReducSlion of that Kingdom. With part of them he arrived off of Greenock about the tenth oiMay, and then fent Orders to Chefter for the Bonadventure, and other Ships, to join him off of Cantire. That which firft re- quired his Afliftance was the Relief o( Londonderry, to which Place he determined to proceed as foon as the reft of the Ships could joia llira, for he had yet no more than the Deptford, Antelope, Grey- Imnd, Kings fi/her Ketch, and Henrietta Yacht. Being off of Cape Admiral Ruf- Icl and vice- Admiral Kiliegrew join the Vlttt. The Admiral arrives again off the French Coaji. The great ships fent in, and othert di- vided on feve- ral Services, Sir George Rooke fent zv'.th a Squa- dron to Ire- land, and his Proceedings there. 1689. ' X !!■ Iurl of Olfold. \ ■'!f:!rv.ards Admiral of the Fleet, and I'ice- Admiral of Englxnii. Hhh Cantire 'W ,:» ir, '■ A Confalta- I'tcii iihn,:i re- lieving Lon- ilonileriy. i6«Q. 4 1 8 NavalTrd7ifa8tidPf ofthc^ngW^x, Book IV. Cantire the tvvcnry fccond, he received Advice from Captain Tount, who commanded the King's Forces thereabouts, that a Body of Scotch were got together in the Iflands Gega and Kara, lying on the Weft fide oF Cantire^ whitlicr he proceeded, and, not without great Difficulty and Hazard, got his Ships in, and laid them to pais; but the Enemy feeing Captain Toting dilcmbarking his Forces, ha- ftencd to their Boats in great Confufion, and fb made their Elcapc. The eighth o( June he fell in with the Bonadventure, S-ji'allow, and TJartmottth, and a Fleet of Traufport Ships with Major Gene- ral Kiri, with whom he proceeded towards 'Derry, but was forced to Rat hihi's Bay, and detained there till the twelfth. When he arri- ved with the Forces off of Lottgh Foyle^ he ordered the 'Dartmouth, Grcyhoitnd, and Kingsfijhcr Ketch to follow the Major-Gcncral's Orders, for they, being tnc fmalleft, were the moft proper to go up the River, and the King had before put the Swallo'ju, a fourth Rate, under the Major General's Command ; lb that the Deptford, Botiadventure, Portland, and Antelope lay off of the Harbour's Mouth, to allift upon any occafion, and protedl the Forces fromAt- tempts by Sea. The Major-Gencral being advanced near the Place, called a Coun- cil of War en board the Swallo'W the nineteenth of June, at which there were prelcnt Colonel Stuart, S\x John Hanmer, Lieutenant Colonel St. John, Lieutenant Colonel IVoolfcley, Lieutenant Colo- nel 'Dampier, Lieutenant Colonel de la Barte, Lieutenant Colonel Lnndini, Major Ro-Jic, Major lijjin. Major Carville, Major Richards, Engineer, Captain IVolfran Corn'ta'all of the S-j^'dlo'-ja, Captain John Leak of the "Dartmouth, Captain Gillain of the Greyhound, Captain Sander fon of the Henrietta Yacht, and Cap- tain Boys of the Kingsfijher Ketch. They were almoft alfurcd that there was a Boom laid athwart the River, a little above Brook-Hall, at a Place c.iUcd Charles- Fort ; that the laid Boom was framed of a Chain and Cables, and floated with Timbers; and that at each end thereof there were Redoubts with heavy Cannon. They were informed that the fides of that narrow River were intrenched, and lined with Musquetecrs, as alio that fevcral Boats were funk, and Stockades drove in with great Spikes of Iron : Nor was there any room to doubt of that part which related to the Cannon, for the Greyhound received confiderable Damage from them in going up the Day before : Wherefore it was refolved to ftay until their Force was augmented, and then, by making a Defcent, endeavour to o- blige the Enemy to railc the Siege. In the mean time the Major-General defigning to pofi^efs himfelf of the Iflaud Inch, the Commadorc took on board the Ships of Wat a Detachment with Colonel Stuart, with whom arriving the ninth of July in Lough Swilly, he came to an Anchor near the Ifland, and the next Morning the Men were landed. The Pafs from the Ifland to the Main was fecured the fixteenth by two Redoubts, and a Battery of Cannon, on each fide whereof the Greyhound and Kingsfijher Kerch were moored ; and then the Commadore failiug with the 'Drptford, Bonadventurc, and ^Portland, towards Lon^h I. Fojk, 1, Book IV. | Chap. IL from the Tear 1 6^^, to 1691. 4.19 fjy/f, met the Major- General coming down with his Tranfijorts fmkilmore, in order to land the Forces on the Kland of Inch; and being informed by him that ibrae French Ships of War had been on the Coaft, and taken two linall Scotch Frigacs off of Car- fictferps, and two Englijh Veflels near Cantire^ and that they were :',oiic from thence with Ibmc Forces to the Ifle of Mull, he iniinejiatcly lailed, and arrived at the laid Ifland the next Day ; but uc French Ships had left it four Days before, and ihaped their Couilcfor the South Coaft of Ireland. The very Morning he ar- iivcd a IJattalion of about four hundred Men were tranl'ported from the Ifland to the Main, and their Oi^iccrs were following in two tiiull VcHcls ; but iecing our Ships doubling the Land, the Irijh got niilliorc, and ran up to the Mountains. After the Commodore had bjtrcr'dtheCadle on the Ifland belonging 10 Comm\^iyx'y Mack laine, he lailed, and the next Morning, off" of the Ifland lla, met a fmall Boat with an Exprefs from Duke Hamilton, giving him an Account [iur i\\z Irijh defigncd ro tranlporc more Forces from CarrickfergM, tor which reaibn his Grace dcurcd him to continue to cruize in that Scrioii to prevent rhcm. The twenty fecond of Juvi' the Tort land brought him a Letter ^j^l"^''f"V from the Major- General, advifing him that our Forces in London- L)eiiy/»(/»"#i in) were reduced to lb great Extremities for want of Provifious, /"^ w'""^ »/ that they had lived for fome rime on Hides, Dogs, and Cats : That ^'■»*'/"""- he was returned fromL/ch with the Swallow, and three viiStuailing Ships, and was rclolvcd to attempt getting up to the Town, but kkvcd rhc Countenance of fome other of the Ships might be very Icrticcablc. Upon this the Commadore left the Bonadventure and hriknd ia his Station , and with the 'Deptford and 'Dartmouth proccc led towards the Major-General, the laft of which Ships he lent up to Kilmore to receive his Orders, and then returned to the Bv:dveiJttireniid7''ortland,\\'kh Intention to continue there until the Arrival of the three Ships he expected from the EarlofTorringtOH, Ad- miral of the Fleet. By this Afliuance the Supplies were fafcly convey'd supfiiei fint to Deny, the Siege of which Place was foon after raifctl : And a- '"'» London- bout this time the King's Forces, commanded by Colonel Berry, ^,l"li,^"raif- ncar Linaskea, had a fignal Vidlory over the Enemy , infomuch ed. that, with the Number killed by the Army, and thole which were fj^'^^'l'^ '^l knocked on the Head by the Country People, th'-y loft not lefs '^!^„\, fordt th- four thoufand Men ; and their Cannon, with moft of their fur- »MrLin»nte». viiinc; Oflicers, were taken, among whom was Major-General hkkartie, who was Ihot through the Thigh, and run int© the Back. Soon after the Commadore met the Duke of Schonberg, with the ^"^'^^^i, Tranlport Ships coming into Bangor Bay, in Carrie kfergtts Loi^h, irfreUnd" where he landed part of his Army the lame Night ; but many of »»* ronn. thcTranfporrs were wanting, and with them feveral finall Frigates, the Charles Gaily, Supply, Saudadoes, 1>artmouth, and Tearlt in quell of which the 'Portland was fent to the Ifle of Man. \ Hhh The 420 NavaiTranfaSions of theEn^Viih.hooKlX, I Chap if-!: The twenty fifth ot'/luguji the Ships in the Irifl) Seas were dil^ poicd ot as iullows : 'Deptjordy Bonadventure^ Mary Cially, Anteloi'Cy Supply^ Faiifan Sloop, Anne Ketch, Charity Ketch, Kingsfijhcr Ketch, Edjuard and Sufan Hoy, 'Dartmouth^ Vrincefs Anncy Charles Gaily, Gt cyhoundf Vntty Ketch, Tear/, Henrietta Yacht, Momnontb Yacht, Tortlandy Saudadoes, ff^elcome Ketch, Swallow, At Carrickfergus, before which Place the Army encamped the twentieth, ami it lurrcndcrcd the twenty eighth. V At Hylake. Cruifing off of the Iflc o^Man. Cruifing between TitibUn and Man. OIT of Cape Cantire, ) With Major-Gcneral Kirke. The Squadron having continued at Carrickfergus fome time, tlie Commadorc was dcfircd by the General to rake with him thc!Z)p^;- ford, Bouadvcnture, Mary Gaily, Swallow, '^Portland, Antehfe, Dart mouth. Archangel, Sampjou, Scepter, Trinccfs Anne, Urn- 7iibal, Smyrna Merchant, Supply, Creyhound, and Henrietta Yacht, together with Icveral Ketches, and to criiilc with them off iir George of Kin/ale and Corke, or where he Ihould judge he might lb do ^eri^oVufi'/' ^^'^'^ '"°^ Advantage, the General keeping w ith him at Carrickfir- uuh pan of ^«J the Charles Gaily, 'Pearl, Saudadoes, Faiifan, St. MaloMer- the S'ju,idron chant, and icvcral imallcr Vcfl'cis, which were put under the Com- l/cSc!' m^"^ of Captain Roach of the Charles Gaily. The Commadorc putting to Sea, endeavoured all that polTibly he could to get Southward, but was forced by bad Weather into Bangor Bay, where he received Orders from the Lords of the Ad- iie i, ,i,r,cie,i mifalty to lend all the hired Ships of War to Hylake. In his Paf- 'hiJfJ .\un 'o' '^?c fi'O'^i Carrickfirgiis he was obliged by a ftrong Southerly Wind ti bcr up and Anchor at the Skcrrys, about twelve Miles from ''Lublin, where lending the Yacht in to gain Intelligence of the Ar- my, ievcral Shot were fired at her from the Shore, upon which he ordered the Ketches in, and manning all the Boats, landed about two hundred Men, who beat out of the Town thole which pretend- ed to dctcnd it: But the Hills being covered with Horfe and Foot, he ordered the Seamen oH, left ' ley Ihoiild be too muchcxpolcd; for War 10 Hy- lake. foi iiify ever, be die l:nall The and Kcrc f;iiciii\'-'> |ii'(l,!ic lie ordcrc tcl!wciic( rn Siil'iii filtiCn G VcliJ' tkv pro( Hid: ard '■" It under the Com- Chap.HI. from thcTem- 1688, to 1697. 421 for tlioy afC fj"" ^'■oin being the nioft orderly in a Retreat : How- ever, bcfiirc they cmharkcci tliey cither Ihvcd, or brought off' all iliclnall VcfTcIs and Filhei boats. The (ixtctnrh of September the Commailorc came into 'Dnhliti Ujv, wlicre he had Thoughts of Anchoring, and to lend the Yacht and Kcrchcs into the Harbour to iittcnipt the taking or burniug the f'lic/rn's Sliips and VefTcIs ; but ihc Wind veering out, and blowing liiril, lie was lorccd away, lo that arriving ofl'of C'orX'f the eighteenth, li: ordered the Yacht and the four Ketches into the Harbour for In- icl'wcncc, aii'.i ro afTurc the People of their Majefties Proteinarc Irijh having planted fourteen or ni p„pi, „/ fitt.cn Guns on both fuies the Harbour's Mouth, plied upon the ('inU ofpoie VclllK both with ;j,rcat and ^"nall Shot ; notwithftanding which, ','^'„'',f'''^'"' rlifv proceed d, landed th .11^ and took PofTcfTion of the 6>f<«? /,„„, i) i/r ipii.'d: Ikit the Ships beih., \cry foul, and in want of all Species of ^''■•"fn<-- rmufioiis the Conimadorc was conftrain'd to leave his Station, |'^^.'°;^";, jrd r^'ir to the ''Dq'jjhs ^ where he arriv'd the thirteenth ofKuuUar- \\eA('iniral K'tligrcJ!) was nn the twenty eighth of December r"y2/miral I's'y ,1])) niiircd Admiral and ('ominaiidcr in Chief of a Squadron dc- K'I fucw rf/.- (iiiJtorrhe Mediterraitcnii, which was compolcd of one Second 'j",',','^,'_f,/J^ K ' iir Thirds, Icvcii Kouiths one Fifth, and two Firtlliips, with \./(.//.o» Vii.i iiipon Admiral /itijjr/'s Arrival at Spithead., or li) many of ,';''''^ ""'" thciKis Ibniild then be wirh him) he was to put hiinlclf under his loVy'' Oiiiiiiiaiiil, and to follow his Orders for pioceeding to the Streights; inn Icvcral Accidents happened which prevented his joining the laid Admiral. Admiral Rtijfel being appointed to condudt the Queen oi ArimiraiKni- Sfiim from Holland to the Groyne , and for that Expedition, ^^^ ""''^rc:' to v^ IV alrcidy faid, to ha\ c li.id fnme of the Ships of the Medlterra- i^,]n of «f(itf Si]u;ulroii , namely, the 'Diikr, Per'-xick, a\\(\ Mountat^ue •^^\''^»^ ^'^- r.ljrc his Proceedings to the Groyne^ and then thole of Vice- Admi- ral A/Z/c^rfuy to and from the Streights. The twenty fourth of November the Admiral was ordered to pro- u>2<,. KiiiwVlifhif/g, in Zeatandy with the Ship 7^.v^r bcforemcntion- cd, oftlic Second Rate, four Third Rates, two Fourths, and two Vachr?, tlicre to receive on board the Queen of Spain, and her Ma- //;, p,,,f„,/. jcdv's Rctinuo, and from thence to repair to Spithead for farther '"i' «» ii>.>t Orders; and upon her Majefty's coming on board, as well as du- '••'/""'"""' riii^ the Time of her Stay, he was ordered to bear the Union Flag at the Maintopmafl: Head. He arrived ^x.'Dlijhhig th: twelfth of 'December^ having been cbligecl to continue about twenty four Hours on that Coaft, in fiich hi/.c}' Weather, that it was impoinblc to make the Land, from "hence her Majcfty was brought to the 'Do'civwj', where both her Icltand her Retinue were removed into more proper Ships, and the '«cnry fourrli of Jatiitaty llic arrived at St. Hcllcit's, whence the Admiral proceeded into the Sea as loon as the Winds would permit, but was lorccd back to Torbay the twenty third of the next Month, as mm tl i,i 42 2 NavalTranfa^ions of the Englifli, Book IV. | Chap as he was the fecond of March^ after another Attempt to Jail: u^t at length getting clear, he had Sight of the Groyne the fixtccuth • where having put thcQiicen, and her Attendance on Shore, andtiij; patched what was otherwilc neccflary to be done, he let Sail, bm by contrary Winds was forced into the Harbour of Ferrol^ very ncoi the Grqyney where, in a violent Storm, the Ship "Duke drove on Shore, but with great Care and Pains was luckily got ofl" again with little or no Damage. The Ships which were appointed for Part pt the Mediterranean Squadron the Admiral timely difpatchcd to La- dizt and then taking the firft Opportunity of a Wind, he reached 1690. Tlimoutb the twenty fifth of April with the Remainder, andarrivino at 'Port/mouth the twenty eighth, landed there the Ladies, and 0° thcr Perlbns of Quality that attended the Queen of Spain in her PafTage, who, if I guels right, did not meet with that entire Con. tent in the Spamj}> Court, which a Princels of her Birth and incom- parable Perfedions ought to have enjoyed. M ^■■ IiiflruHiom to Vict-Admiral Killegrew. Chap. III. I' 'ice- Admiral Killcgrcw'5 Proceedings from the time ofhn failing to the Mediterrant;an to that of his litturn to England. I Come now to give fome Account of Mr. A'/7/<'^r^a;'s Proceed- ings to, and in the Mediterranean, before 1 mention anything of the Tranfadions of the Body of the Fleet at Home the next Year: And in the firft Place, it may not be improper to let you know that he had the following Inftrudtions for his Government in that Expe- dition, viz. I. When he arrived at Cadiz he was to fend tYic Happy Return and Oxford (two fourth Rate Ships) with the Trade to Malawi and Alicant, and to give them Orders for their Return to En^Uid with the Merchant Ships from thofe Ports. 1. Atfuch time as he fliouldjudge it moft convenient he was to order the Tort land, Faulcon, Tjger, and Sapphire, to proceed with the Trade to Genoa, Livorne, Naples, and MeJJina, and to lee thofe bound for Gallipoly and Zatit as near to thole Places as they could conveniently. Thelc Ships of War were to keep Company with the Turky Trade to the Height of Candia, where parting, the Tyger and Faulcon were to condud thofe bound to Smyrna firft, and then the others within the ^Dardanelles, after which they were to return to, and remain at Smyrna fixty Days. The other two Ships, the Tortland and Sapphire, wei^ to convoy the Trade bound to Scanderoon, and to continue in that Port fixty Days, at the Ex- piration whereof they were refpedively to fail, with all the Trade that fliould be ready, to Mejpna, the Place defircd by the Tnrb CoropMy iih.BooKlV. I Chap III- from the Tear 1^88, to 1 691. 423 CorapJiiy *'"■ ''^'^''' Rcndc/vous. But it was ncvcrthclcfs left to the AJmwl to give thcin other Dircdlions, in calc he judged it more iJvilbbIc, and to lend them Home, with the other Trade for /?//^- Uni, in liii^h Manner as (according to Intelligence) he Ihould thiiik moll prnpcr. 3, Hiving dilparchcd away thcfb Convoys, he was, with the (Diiif, Ber-u^'ick, Refolatton^ Mount ague., Burford^ Nazxajile aiid (?;•,?// xt/;, together with the 'Dutch Ships appointed to join him, and the /A/^' ■'^/"ow, and Cadiz, Merchant y Fircfliips, to attend the Motion ot'rhe French^ either in a Body, or in luch Manner as might nioftcoiiiiiice to thcmrcrccptingthem, and to the Safety of the Trade, and to attack them if he found himlcif of Strength Hifticient; but if thcv hapiicncd to pals the Streights, he was, upon the firft Notice rlicrcofi CO t»)llow them. The i'cvcnth of March he liiilcd from Torbay^ but arrived not at n\'. f.uiini Ciaiz till the eighth ot the next Month ; for he met with extreme ^'ijli"'^^Ji' bjd Weuhcr, iulbmuch that Icvcral Ships of the Squadron were much Vt'cli'i. ihjttcr'J, and two 'D/itch Men of War unhappily foundcr'il, one of Icvciiiy two, and the other of fixty Guns, having before but one Mall llaiicliiig between them, and that but a Mizcn. In repairing thole Damages he met with no little Dilcouragemcnt and Interrup- tion from the the then Governor of Cadiz, who on this, and all o- thcr Occafions, demonftrated how much he inclined to an Interell \ihich «as entirely oppofite to that of the Allies. Mr, KUlcp'CJu received on the ninth of Alay three fcvcral Exprcf- u, Advkts fc?, one from the Conful at Alicant, another from him who refided *« rtutvtA of iiMi^^, aud the third from Captain Skelton, who was with Part '/'J^oT'"" ofthcSqusdron nxGibraltar^ all of them letting him know that the Ihmkn St]iiadron cc mirandcd by Moiifieiu Chateau Renault, was iccn liom thole Places, and that it confillcd of ten Sail, three of tkm Ships of eighty Guns each. A Council of War was hereupon «/""'""» a/^ called, where it was rclblved to fail with as many Ships as were in ^'j'"'' "' a Condition, and to join the fix Englijh and Dutch which Captain atdton had with him at Gibraltar, who was ordered not to attempt any thing mitill lb joined, but to take an clpecial Care for his Safety. Accordingly the Admiral failed the tenth, at four iu the Morning, with the Englijf? Ships following, viz. the Duke, Mouutaguct Et^k, Tyger, Portland, Fanlcon, Happy Return, Richmond, and %/j/>f, being one Icrond Rate, two thirds, four fourths, and two lilths, as alio two Ship:; of the Line of Battel of the States GcncraJ, dki the GuelJerlandt and Znrickzec, with which was Lieutenant- Adirirai Almonde, but there were left behind a third Rate, the Re- J'hioii, and a fourth Rate, named the Ncj^'cajile, as alio a Prize taken by Captain Bokenham of the Happy Return, called the Vitpis Grace, which were found not to be in a fit Condition for the Sea. The tenth, at eleven at Night, the Wind was at W. N. W. and '!;;J;,''"^„h the Squadron had then Cape 'Trafalgar E. and by N. about four <.//*» Krench leagues ofT At four a Clock the next Morning they ftecr'd away H^^iron. fortheStrcight's Mouth, and had Cape Spartell S W, diftant a- bout II I I '■* 424 NavalTrafff^iilioNsofthc Knglifh, BookIV. bout fix Leagues, at which time the Admiral detached the 'Portland to Gihraltary witii Dircdions to Captain Hkelton to i»ct ready ami joiji him. About one in the Attcrnoon he not mto the Hay, when there came on board him three Spautjh Gentlemen from the Govct- nor of the Town, with Advice from the Commander in chief at Cf«M, a Spantjh Garriibn on the Barbaty Coart, that there had been Icen the Niglit before fourteen Ships at Anchor in the lUy of Tetuah^ a Town about Icvcn Miles from Ccnra; and th>; whole Squadron being now under Sail, confiding of one Iccond Rato, three thirds fix fourth*!, two fifths, and two Fircihips of the £>/?<«//), and five Ships of the States General, they ftood over for Ceuta Point, with a fair Gale at Weft, where they lay by all Night. Early the next Morning Mr. Kiltcgrcw fteered away for the liay of Tetuan, where he found only two Ships, one at Anchor in the Weft Part of the Bay, the other under Sail about two Leagues EaQward of her. The latter efcaping put abroad the Colours of j4l%ier, but the other being imbaycd, Ihc was taken by Vice- Admiral Almondcy and proved to be a French Ship bound to Antegoa. Thi Thouion The Wind Ihifting to the E. S. fi/a froall Gale, our Siiuadron ftood «w"^'^ over for the i'panijh Shore, and having CV«M Point W. N.W. di- (lant about two Leagues, the Men at the Maft-head iaw ten Ships to the North, lying with their Heads Eaftward. Notice was given of this to Monfieur Almonde., who could not fo foon difcern them, be- caulc he was about two Leagues Southward of our Ships, and in a very little time after the whole Squadron ftretch'd over for G'tbnlkr Hill, the Mount ague being fcnt ahead to obferve and give Notice of the Enemy's Motions. At eleven a Clock flic fell aftern, her Cap- tain having dilcovercd that four Ships were under his Lee, fo that all Endeavours were ulcd to get up with them, and about one a Clock they were not above two Miles off, when it being difccrncd that they ran, our Ships fet their Top-gallant Sails, and crowded after them as much as pofl'ibly they could ; but the French had the bet- ter Heels, for they were jufl cleaned, .vhereas (bmc of ours had been fcventeen Months off' of the Ground. The Chafe was continued till ten the next Day, and as then the Enemy were about four Leagues ahead, fo were the TDtitch^ with fcveral of rhc Englijh Ships, near hull to aftern; nor 'had the Ad- miral more than the 'Duke^ Mountague, Eagle^ and Tort land near him. Notwithftanding this, Monfieur Chateau Renault kcj^tonhli Way, who had thirteen Ships, viz. fix Men of War, three Firclhips. a Tartane, and three Merchant Ships; and there being no Prolpefl of coming up with them, the Chalc was given over; but between nine and ten in the Morning, the Richmond and 73',?^'* f°'""'^ ""' of the Merchant Ships on Shore Veftward ofTariffit, oppofitctofas gier, which with great Labour was got off^ The Admiral lay by un ""' ^*rad'/' ^'^' '^ ^^^^ ^^'^^ ^ Clock, and then the reft of his -quadron corair;; ^jr'om whence' up, hc borc away for Cadiz, but, by Realon c contrary Winds, the i-iteAci- could uot Tcach that Place until the twenty firft. Trora thence hc w"'\^heTrad\ dilptchcd avvay the fcveral Convoys, namely, thc7)(je,-, Newcafik '^p]h, aud Oxford., foj S.myrna, commanded by Captain ^oal; the Tort- Strtights. v km, Tht Thouion Squadron i- Jcapes. (jii^plV. from thcTcar j688, to i^^j. 425 Uii (liveu-^'ich^ aii.i Faulci'i, to Sc.iudcroni^ under tlic Condiidl oiCi Mill /'''V. ;iiid tlic Sapphire and lUchvioud were appointed lur fi[jU;iii\n\ yli'cant, under the Coninuind ot Ctpt. Jivkniham. Tins hilnL? done, ;iiid all thini's put in order for the Sijuailion's RctiiM li'i' lli:^l^'>''t* aitli niic Iccnnd RaT, and tour thirds of ours, toi;cther with the ,Vi« 4^111-' ytrnnfrizc, and llalj-Mootiy and fix ''Dutch Men of War. At inouiii. flwuth lie received Letters from the Lords of the Admiralty, by whicli lie was inf irnicd tiiat the French Kleer, after an Kn';agcmci"-, hid i)!'lig'-'-l '^'"''' f" retire, and that they liover'd aboat /v>t', 'Do- ver, w i dn)!e I'arts ; for which Realbn he was adviled to take care lu i. .< A..i.' /or the Security of his Squadron. This occafion'd his calling a '' "'"■"" Coiiii'il "l^^-iS whore it was determined to proceed with the Ships im,iii7/f« ia'.o IL'irfi'Z'' within 'PlhHnnth Sottutt, for it was judged they could ^"'s' '" ''^ nocbcoihcrwilc l.if" lliould the h'rctich attempt tlicni; tor, being'""""' grct Ships tl''-y ef)\ild not run in at any time oi the Tide, nor were they ill a Condi! ion to pur torth lo Sea, until Inch time as they had tikcn ill Warcr, Stores, and l'rovilion'<. Ac this Conlultatiun there wctc Via-- Admiral KilL^rcjiJ., ViceAiliniral^////o/-Y/t', and Roir-Ad- mital /i\ 'l'')!i, as alio Sir CJoudcfly Shovcil^ Rear- Admiral of the Red, w!i > was arrived at 'Fiimnuh irom the Coart oi IttlaiiU. 1 1': C II A !>. IV. ,ii Account of the luul of Torrincton'j enirnn'nii* the French I'leet ajf oj \^^c^c\\y. m I ;-■>(.. THK Kngagcmcnt off'of /?r/?fAy, in St/Jl't-x, (which happened the thirtieth of JitficJ between the two Hects comma nded by lb: Earl of Torringtoiiy and Monfieur TonrviHc being tome Da\ s bc'brc Mr. K'iLli:grfJj\ Arrival at ^Plmoiithy it naturally leads me to tiic giving the following Account of that Adlion. The Earl of 'Turr'iugton being with the Fleet at St. Helena was not a little furpri/.ed at the Advice he received from Weymouth, that ik French were entered into our Chanel; for 16 far was he (by all the Intelligence he had received) from believing they were in that totwardacls, that there were not at that time any Scouts VVcrtward tooblcrve and bring an Account of their Motion; But as this News wislonii confirmed from many other Places, it was judged hii;h time to iniiUcr up all the Ships within Reach, both Englijh ami "Dutch, and toputtlicin inro the bed Condition that might be of Defence ; which feiig done, his Lordlhip failed the twenty fourth, c^rly in the"" ■"'■'""■[• Morning, with the Wind at E. N. E. and Hood to the S. E. the [,"'" """"''" f'w/; having been iecn the Day before, by the ScouL^ lately lent out, oil the Back of thcllle of //-''/^/jr; and the ncxi D.iy our Fleet I i i being He l\irlcf l'(iiin;'',ii.n 1 1 Cell. : 1 ,.1/- Xi.fC ' / lie I'U'lU'll Hdl't ith:" ill lijt Clulllll. i I : ,|.V m- . ! 4.26 NavalTranfa£liomoftheEngV\{h, BookIV. being reinforced by the Z,w», a third Rare, and fcvcral Dutch Ships of War, were with a N. E. Wind in Sight of the Enemy. About four a Clock next Morning the Admiral edged cowards the French, who were about three Leagues from him, and tho' when the Wind fliifted to the S. E. and S. E. by S. he tacked and flood Eaftward, yet at three in the Afternoon the whole Fleet went a- hour, and ftood Weftward again. The French took fcvcral People froiT. the Shore, and when they had punilhed them for magnitvL our Strength, they were pleafcd to dilinifs them, with a Letter to the Admiral (as I am informed) from Sir Wiliiam Jenuings^ (who commanded an EiigUJh Ship of War at the Revolution, and now fcrved in no better a Pod than that of third Captain to the French Admiral) by which he prelumed to promilc Pardon to all Captains who would adhere to the Interefl: oiKiugJames. A farther Reinforcement arrived of fevcn Dutch Ships; with Ad- miral Evert fin, and another Flag-Cfficer ; but the two Fleets con- tinued looking on each other, without Adtiop, until the thirtieth- for the Admiral was not w."ing to engage before the Ships he ex- r'jfted from the Eaft had join'd him. But notwithftanding the Ene- my were {o much fupcrior in Strength, as Icvcnry odd Sail to fifty, and that their Ships were generally larger, pofitivc Orders were lent to him from Court to give them Battel : Whereupon the Signal was put abroad, as foon as it was light, for drawing into a Line, which being done, the whole Fleet bore down on them, while they were under Sail, by a Wind, with their Heads Northward. At eight in ihe Morning the Signal was made for Battel, when the French bracing their Head-Sails to the Maft, lay by; and about an Hour after the Dutch Squadron, which led the Van, began to engage Part of the Van of the French \ half an Hour after which our Blue Squadron cncouuter'd their Rear ; but the grcatcft Pan of the Red, which were in the Center, could not engage until it was near ten ; and as they were then at a confiderable Dillance from the Enemy, (b was there a great opening between them and the7)«/f4. It was obferved that as our Ships tore down on the French, they tasked away, tho' probably that might be only to dole their Line; and afterwards fcveral of their Ships towed round with their Boars until they were out of Shor, infomuch that it was hoped the Ad- vantage would have fallen on ou;- Side ; but it was not long e'er it appeared the Dutch had luffercd very much, and chiefly by theit being (for Want of a neceffary Precaution) weathered and ib round- ed by thole French Ships which they leli: ahead of them when they begati to engage. No (boner did the Admiral perceive their Condition, than he fcnt them Orders to come to ar. Anchor, and with his own Ship, and feveral others, driving between them and the Enemy, anchored a- bout five in the Afternoon, at which time it was calm; but judging it not fafc to renew the Fight at lo great a Difadvantage, he weighed at niuc at Night, and retired Eadward with the Tide of Flood. The Rieiivn Or- ders to tngagt thi Enemy. ^y Account ej the Entail- ment off of Bcachy. iih, BookIV. H Chap. IV. from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 427 Tiiefirft ofju/ym the Afternoon, he called a Comicil of War, ourrUttre- ^licrc it was reiblved to endeavour t j prcfcrvc the Fleet by retreat- '^"jj''''f„'^ inj, and rather to deftroy the dilablcd Ships, if they fliouldbe preft I'lTvxmQh bf the Enemy, than hazard another Engagement by protecting P"''f"'- Ik French very indifcrectly purfu'd in a formal Line of Battel, H'/icrcas had they left every Ship at Liberty to do her utinoft, ours would uwloubtcdiy have beer, more roughly handled, clpccially thofe wliich were cripled in Fight • bur each one Ihifting for her ielf, (as ':is natural to do in iuch Cafes) and Caution being had in anchor- ing nioft advantagcoufly, wit'i regard to the Tides , which the frt«/; took little or no notice of, we thereby got Ground confi- dcriWy of them. However they purfucd as far as Rye Bay, and one 0/ rlie Englijh Ships, called the ^ntie, of levcnty Guns, was run on Shore near Winchelfcay having loft all her Marts, where two fm/f/j Ships attempting to burn her, the Captain laved them that Labour, by precipitately fetting fire to her himfclf. The Body of the French Fleet ftood in and out off of Bourne nnd '^mfy in Stijfex, while about fourteen more lay at Anchor near the Shore, ibme of which attempted to deftroy a 'Dutch Ship of about fixty four Guns, that lay dry at low Water in 'Pcmfey Bay ; but her Comminder fo well defended her every high Water, when they mide their Attacks, that rhey at laft thought it convenient to dcfift, fo that this Ship was got off, and fafely carried to Holland; but it fated uot fo well with three others of that Nation, which were on Shofc on the faid Coaft, for their Officers and Men not being able ro dcfcad them, they fet them on fire; lb that with the three Ships dcdroycd by the French in the Adion, the Stares General loft fix of the Line of Battel. Oil the eighth the French Fleet ftood towards their own Coaft, Ue French but were fcen the twenty feventh following off of the Berry Head, "^^'coa't''' a little to the Eaftward of ©ar^wo/zV^, and then, the Wind taking"'" tlicm Ihort, they put into Torbay. There they lay not long, for ihcy were dilcover'd the twenty ninth near Plmouth, at which Place very good Preparations were made, by Platforms and other Wotks, to giye them a warm Reception. The fifth oi Auguji they appeared again oft' of the Ram Head, in number between fixty and Icveiiry, when ftanding Wcftward, they were no more Iccn in the Chanel this Year. Our Fleet retreated towar js ihe River of Thames, and the Admi- ral going on Shore, left th -• chief Command to Sir John Ajhby ; but can tahn ti litft gave Orders to Captain Monck of the Thoentx, together with ''slfl^J'jrtkt fout more fifth Rates, and four Fireftiips, to anchor above the Nar- Enemy comt m of the Middle Grounds, and to appoint two of the Frigates to t(>-^'<"-dt th» tide one at the Buoy of the Spits, the other at the lower End of the ^'^"' Middle, and to take away the Buoys, and immediately retreat, if the Enemy approached : Or if they prefs'd yet farther on him, he was ordered, in like manner, to take away the Buoys near him, and to do what Service he could againft them with the Firefhips ; butllillto retire, and make the proper Signals in fuch Cafe. I i i X ThiJ '■■it t 428 NavalTrarifdiionsoftheEngliihy Book IV I Chap This Apprehenfion was foon over by the Euemy's drawing off as is beforcmcncioDcd, lb that the chief thing to be done, was to put the Fleet into a Condition to go zo Sea again : Not but that this unlucky Accident occaftoncd various Reports and CoDje(3utec and the 'Dutch were very unealy apon account of the Damage they had fuftain'd, iulbmuch that feveral Perfjns of Quality were fent to Sheernefs to examine thoroughly inro the whole Matter upon Oath- and after the Earl oiTorr'mgton had continued Prifoner in the Tower for feveral Monrhs, he was at lad try'd, and unanimoufly acquitted by a Court-Martial , held at Sheernefs the tenth of 'December where Sir Ralph 'Delavall pre.'ided, who had adled as Vice- Admiral of the Blue in the Engagement . And, if I miftake not very much, this was the firft time that ever an Englijh Adoiiral was called to an Account in fuch a manner. StviralSibU- tntn and 0- theri appoint- td to txamine into tht Ail't- on upon Oath. The Earl of Torrington tffd it a Court- Mar- tial, and ac- qititlld. Chap. V. ^n Account of the joint Admirahy Sir Richard Haddock, Mr. Killcgrew, andSir^ohn Afliby, their proceeding with the Fleet to Ireland, and Return from thence. Tht Flltt put undtr the Command ef Sir Rich; d Haudock, AdmiralKil- legrew, and Sir John A(h- by. TH E Fleet being in a good Forwardnefs, it was put under the joint Command of Sir Richard Haddock ^ Mr. Killerrew, and Sir yoh» AJhby. Two of tho(e Admirals arrived in the^D^ie^n; the twenty firft oi Augujiy and failing firom thence the twenty fifth, were join'd by Mr. Killegiew off of Dover with the Ships he brought from the Streights, which had been confined at Tl'mouth by reafbc the French were in the Chanel, as has been before ob- ferved ; and the Fleet arriving at Splthead the twenty eighth, the Admirals received Inftrudlions in what manner to proceed, and to cake the Ships hereafter mentioned under their Command, which were then cfifperfed at the feveral Places exprefs'd againll theii Names, viz. Rates. Tht Strtnith ef the defigH- id fleet. I X Ships. Sovereign Sandwich Coronation 'Duchefs Royal Katharine Neptune 'Duke OJfory Captain Grafton Defiance Where. ^At Spithead. Rar; Ph, BookIV. I Chap.V. from the Tear 1688, to 1^97. 42^ ,ain: Not but that s and Conjedlures, f the Damage they Liality were fent to flatter upon Oath; foner in the Tower nimoufly acquitted ith of December, ed as Vice- Admiral ke not very much, liral was called to was put under the , Mr. KillemWt ived in t]\&'Downs e the twenty fifth, with the Ships he fined at Tt'mouth IS been before ob- wenty eighth, the > proceed, and to Command, which efs'd againil their Rates. Fireihip Firefhips Ships. Elizabeth Berwick Hope Breda Edgar Hampton-Court Expedition Suffolk Sterling-Caftle RefiauratioH Lenox Warjbi^ht Cambridge Exeter Kent Northumberland Monmouth Effex Swiftjitre Refolution Eagle Burford Montague St. Michael Harwich Modena hir'd Sampjbtt hir'd ^fl^hir-d Charles Gaily fDragon Hopewell Saudadoes. Salamander Fubs Yacht. (Griffin Cadiz Merchant Charles Hunter Owner's Love fVolf Vulture Hound Telican Where. >At Spithead. At Blackftakes. At the More. In Longreach. At the Nore. In Longreach. Gooe to Holland' In Longreach. At Deptford. At Spithead. So that the whole Fleet, befidcs *Dutch, were forty three, great afldfrnali, viz. one Firft Rate, eight Seconds, twenty eight Thirds, four Fourths, three Sixths, and ten Firefhips, of which all but eight *"e joined, and they were all ordered to be vidualled at Tort/^ mth as follows ; the Firfl and Second Rates to the twelfth of Oc- tober, liil ffflwMBill 1 1 1 IIRIII " i i'lilflH j>| 1 1 1>:!|||I |l9yl ill II iiH 11 IIH ,''' «- Cwijf's Chanel, to burn the Tranfport-Ships, commanded ^\x "f^^^J^Zt CMefy Shovell to cruife off of Se'tlly, or in fuch Station as he the Sound- Hiould judge moft proper, for preventing them in that Defign, and '"S'^- to lend Frigates to ply Eaftward and Weftward, to gain Intelli- gence of the Body of the French Fleet, that fo he might be the better able to provide for his own Safety : And if he met with ViceAdmiral Killegrew in his Return from the Streiehts, he was to apprize him of all Circumftances, that fo he might likewife take care not to be intercepted. Purluant to theic Orders he cruifcd up and down in the aforelaid Station till the twenty firft oi July, without meeting any thing re- markable; when the Dover zvlA Experiment join'd him from the Coaft oi Ireland, with a Ketch from Kin/ale, on board of which VclTcl was Colonel Hacket , Captain John Hamilton , Archibald Codkrne, Efq; A»thonj Thom£/dn, Efq; Captain Thomas Tower^ Mr. IVil' I ir '1 i f'lr 4.3:? NavalTraiifaEitonsofthe'Eng\\{h, BookIV. Mr. William Stitton., and fix Servants, who were following KiD<» '^ames to France, in order to their accompanying him in his intend- ed Expedition to England. They gave an Account that he took Shipping at 'Duncannon, and failed to Kinjale, but that not ftaying there above two Hours, he proceeded to France, with two French Frigates, which had Iain ready for that purpolc a confidcrable time and that his jMajcfty c^irried with him the Lord 'Pov;is, S\x Roger Strickland, and Qa\iX2iin Richard Trevanion. The twenty firit oi'JnlyS'w Cloudejly Shovcll received Orders to Km' .Uines hit tm'jjiliiii^ f>om Irjl.uiJ Miovcll or. Atrctl 10 pro- It,;', tj Kiii- Dunr.inno:! CijiU jiiireil .!er J. (ail to Kin/ale with the Shins uiidcr his Command, and to endeavour to intercept Icvcral Frencij Frigates faid to be there ; but in the Execution of thofc Orders, when he was near the River of ^^r^r- Jhrd, he had notice from the Shore, that although the Town of K'nifale had liirrendcr'd two or three Days before, yet upon fum- moning T>nncannon Caftlc, they rcfulcd all Conditions offer'd to them ; whereupon he let MajorGencral Kirke know that he was ready to aHlll him with forac Frigates in attacking that Place, and the manner of doing it being agreed on, he went in with thc£;r. pcrirnent and Greyhound, and all the Boats of the Squadron ; but after the Caftlc had made Ibmc fire on them, they dcclar'd that they w ere ready to furrcnder on Terras ; lb that next Da}', being the twenty eighth of [Inly, Governor Boiirk marched out with al)our two hundred and fifty Men, with their Arms and Baggage, leaving forty two Guns mounted in the Caftlc. Here the Rear- Adnniral had Advice, that all the French Ships which had been on theCoaftof Ireland were failed to Limerick, as alfo the Privateers, and Mer- chant Ships, in order to fecurc the Retreat of their Army, if they ftiould attempt another Battel and be routed : And the Lordsofthc Admiralty being informed that they were gone from Limerick to Gall-juay, there to embark for France, upon a Squadron of Ships which lailed from the former Port, and were reinforced byMonficur d' Amfreville, they ordered the Admirals to fend to Sir Ckiidefy Shovcll at Timmith (where he was arrived with part of his Squa- dron) four Third Rates, four Fourths, three Fifths, and four Fire- Ihip?, which joined to thofc with him, would compole a Squadron of five Third Rates, ten Fourths, eight Fifths, and fix Fireihips; and with thcfc he was ordered in queft of the Enemy : But other prcliing Services fuddcnly calHng for the Ships, Dircdtions were fent 10 him, purliiant to the King's Commands, the eighteenth of JV/- t ember, to detach ten of them into the Soundings for Sccuiity of the Trade, and to repair to the 'Downs with the Remainder, Purliiant hereunto, he loft under the Command of Captain Carter (who had joined him with Icvcral Ships) three Third Rates, four Fouit'hs, and three Fifths; and being himfelf off of x\\c Blnskit I Hands, lying at the North fide of the Entrance into 'Diti^le Day, he got Advice that the French Fleet had been gone from (j/i!h-ay about a Week, but that there ftill remained five Sail at that PIjcc; whereupon he fent two Frigates thither, not thinking it proper to go in with the whole Squadron, fince it is a deep Bay, and thir a Number of Ships could not well get out but with an Eaflcfi}' Vv'md. Chap. VII. from the Tear 1 6 8 8, fo i ^9 7. 433 Thofc two Frigates returned to him the twenty fixth, and brought ilic following Account ; That on the thirteenth of September Mon- {\wi i' Jififreville failed from Gallway with about fixty Ships and Velicls whceof eighteen were Men of War : That they took with them only a few fick Men, befides the Earl of Tyrconnel, Mr. Fitz Juncst (natural Son to King JamesJ Bnjjlo^ late Governor of L- gffkk, and about three or four hundred Irijh : That on the fif- teenth they were joined by the Grand Monarchy and eleven more Capital Ships, which had been in i\\q Shanmn near a Week, and could not get to Gallway^ and that having notice of our Squadron's coining, they fleered away right into the Sea, and came not near theCoaft oi Ireland, although they had not any realon to appre- hend Danger, confidering their liiperior Strength. The tenth of O&ober Sir Cloudejly Shovell arrived in the 'Do'wns with part of his Squadron, having appointed the Remainder to at- tend on necelTary Services ; and there he met with Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty to proceed to 'Plimonth with all the Ships which were in a Condition for the Sea, and from that Pore to take others, with which he was to cruife in the Soundings for Se- curity of the Trade. Having gotten together what Ships he could, he proceeded with them to the aforelaid Port of TUmouthf and failing thence the third of 'December^ chafed feveral Sail in the Smiditt^s, but could not come up with them, for mod of thofe he had with him were foul. At length the 'Deptford and Crown took a fnuli French Man of War, of eighteen Guns and ten PaierCioes, called the Frifpon, which Ship had before fought four Dutch Pri- vateers, wherein fhe received confiderable Damage, and had thirty of her Men killed and wounded : Her Captain's Name was St. Marca, who, with the Lieutenant, were wounded, and her Matter was killed, and fighting very obflinatcly, flie yielded not till the Own (hot away her Main-maft, and boarded her. The Rear- Admiral having ended his Cruife, he lent Ibmc of the Ships to the Coaft of Ireland, left others in the Soundings, and ar- rived himfelf in the Downs the middle of January, from whence he attended his Majcfty to Holland in the Squadron commanded by Sir George Rooke. Monfiiur d'Aint'rc- ville'j failwg jrom Gall- way, and carryit.g Lord Tyrconiiel, and others viih him to I'r.ince, .^/> Cloudelly Shovell ar- rivis in thi Downs. lie is ftnt out again ; and eruifes for fomt time in the Sound- ings. He arrives in the Downs. Chap. VII. Mn'nalKuifeW's Proceed'tngs to and from the Soundings in Search of the French Fleet ^ with what happened till the Reclticlion of Ireland. TH E twenty third of December Mr. RuJJel was appointed Ad- "^'o. miral of the Fleet, and the greateft Diligence being ufed in order to an early Campaign, he had luftrudlions to fail to fuch Sta- K k k tion |i!,l'l! ['■i >M:' mm 4^4* NavalTnmfaBionsoftheliingWfhy BookIV. I ^"'^'* tion in the SoundingSi or on the French Coad, as might be moft proper, fbr annoying the Enemy, and protecting our Trade; but it was particularly recommended to him not to leave the Do'jint until he ihould .le joined by twenty 'Dutch Ships of War, or at lead eighteen, and ihat he had appointed a Squidron to look alter the French Ships at Dunkirk, with the Commander in Chief of which Squadron he was to leave In(lru<^ions how to join the Fleer, ihould there be occafion for it. But here it may be obferved, that although he was thus empowered to proceed, from time to time,ia luch manner as might beu enable him to dcftroy the Enemy, eithei by Sea or Land, without expcding particular Orders, yet was it ex- prcffly p'ovided, that if bad Wcatncr rendered it unlafc for him to keep the Sea, he ihould repair to, and remain at Torbay till farther Order; the Conlequences of which Reftraint was nor, I am apt to thmk, fo thoroughly confider'd as it ought to have been. Wi'h thefe Inltrudions he received a Lift of the Ships and VcfTels appointed for the main Fleet, the Rates and Numbers whereof weie as follows, viz. Stringth ff tht Flat. Rates I X 3 4 S 6 Fireihips — Hofpital Ships Sloop Brigantinc Yacht Number. II — 31 — 9 — 4 — 3 4 I I I 91 Of which fifty fevcn were of the Line of Battel, bcfidcs thz7)utck whofe Quota was generally five to eight. ,691. The Fleet being vidualled, and indifTerently well mann'd, the Ad- ThtTiutor- miral had Orders from the Queen, dated the feventh of May, to dertd into the proceed into the Soundifigs, provided the 'Dutch had joined him, ^Th^Mmrai ^^'^ ^^^^ ^^ thought it ptopcr to vcntute the great Ships there at ordiredtofenA liich a Scafon of the Year. From the Soundings he was to detach 4 Squadron to j confidcrable Number of Ships and Fireftiips to Gallway, in Ire- fnunilUhe ^''»<^» ^'f^cr to prcvcnt the French landing Succours there, or to de- French Sue- ftroy them, if in that Harbour ; and it was left to his Difcrction toun. to lie ^ith the Body of the Fleet in fuch Station, as that this De- tachment might moft readily join him, to prevent the ill Conle- quences of his being attack'd by the French when (eparated. Altho* the Admiral thought it not advifeable to venture the Fleet fo early ro Sea, bu: more efpecially the great Ships, yet he declar'd his Readinels to proceed, if it was her Majefty's pofitivc Commands he hclh'ul (Iron to joining between ptitcr^ but vet kri\ Naval I' piratcJ. Hew iJiiHkiri otlicr 2) « to the '• be the "iip, « VelTeli '• would Nothii \kNon ki ihoii Blue. 1, BookIV I Ch ap.VII. from tbcToar i688, to 1691. 435 licl!i)ul(i. He did not approve of fending any confidcrablc Squ.i- H" Rotfjns (Iroiito Ca/Inay, hccanlc many Accidents might have hiudcrVl tlicir {'^,"J[!,l"f.' joining the riecf, inc Conlcqncncc wficrcoF, Ihould ihc frctic/j get ,/,o» ^GjII- bciwctii them, Irc jndgM of the lii(l Importanct, and that it carried ^'■'■^y- mater Weight with if than tl\c RcJudion oi Ireland t\\^t Summer; butvcthc had no Objcdlion to rha lending lomc Ships tlifther, if krMajcfty was liitisfied that tlic French were lb backward in their Naval Preparations as that our Fleet might with Safety be thus Ic- pjratcd. He was likewilc unwilling (and that with good reafon too) that ^t aifo for^ 'Dunkirk Ihould be le!r unreg.irdcd, until the ttnccrtain Arrival of uim"rir»«- dikr 'Dutch Ships, " flncc flic River's Month would be left open n^ar..'../. « to the French ; that the Trade and Fiihcry on all the Coaft would <• k thereby expoio', and Nexcafllc not only be liable to be biock'd " up, hut an Opportunity Would be given to the Enemy of finking " VclTcIs at the Bar of that Harbour, lb as that no Ships of Burthen '• woiilJ be able to float ov6r it. Nothing was wanting but a fhir Wind to enable him to fail from \kNore; and before he received tiKfe Orders from the Qiicen, ho yihoughts of rende^^voufmg hiTorhay until tbc Summer Sealbn was iomewhat more advanced : But being now commanded to repair forthwith into the Soundings, he judged Cape Clear the mod pro- |;''^/,„^;'j7/„ per Place to rendezvous at, fincc Frigates might be more conveni- 'Kc,ide:.voti4, euilylcut from thence loKinfak) for Inrelliacnce from the Lords "'"''/"' «•"»• Before I proceed, let us conftder what were the Reafons which induced her Majelly to fend the Admiral thefe Inftrudtions. They were thele ; The Intelligence received from Holland y dated the twenty firft oi Aprils that the French King defigned to. fend a Body intciihence ef of Troops kom France to Ireland m near two hundred Ships, and j|.7r'i'r'afic'e^ that about a hundred and fifty of them were at Belle Ifle, on the to heiami. South Coaft of the Province of Bretagrte, the Place appointed for ill) of them to rendezvous at, as well as the twenty five Men of War defigned their Convoy, of which five were faid to be at the Iflc ^iDa'tx from fifty to fixty Guns: And it was farther reported, that thole Tranfports were loaden with all things neceflTary for the Subfillence and Cloathing of Men, with a confiderable Sum of Mo- ney to pay the Army commanded by Mofifieur St. Ruth. Moft part of the Fleet being got together, the Admiral compolcd '^'" ^'"' "/ a Line of Battel, an Abftrad whereof follows. Squadron. Divifion. Rate of Ships. Smalt Craft. iefidestheSDm/r^, Batttl. Blue. S jft - d ,d ,th Vice-Admiral i/x,' i x. {^nc fixth Rate, four Fri- ' ' ■" {.gates. CTwo fixth Rates, three — o» 3» 5", !■ «^Firefliips , two Flofpital C Ships, one Bomb. Rear-Adrairal i, i, 6, i. Three Fire Ships. K k k X Squadron. "^Admiral I 'I i^ 11 H ' 1 I ,;■ '1' ^'H;' . 4.^6 Naval TranfaSHons of the EngMih, BookIV Squadron. Divifiou. Rate of Ships. Small Crafr. ^ InleirJllioni in the limehj manning d-e tleet. Red, Rear- Admiral 'Admiral • ft « il ,il .th ' »* '3 i4 • o, 1, 6, I. -Dutch. Vice- Admiral Of 91 Guns 84 76 71 70 ■ • 64 50 1. I, 5> »• I, 1. ^ I- N". 3- I. 1. Three Fircdiips. COnc fifth Rate, oncfixth < Rate, three Kirclhips, two cHolpitals, one Yacht. fThreeFirclhips,audlinal| «- Frigates. One of forty four Guns, 1. i.onc of (Ixtceu, two Fire- ihips. So that or Fn^/i/h and Tintcb there were Icventy four Ships of the Line, befuies otlicrs which the Dutch Admiral expedcd, and ther^; was ibmc Probability, at lead, would join the Fleer. It cannot be fuid that the Ships were lb well mann'd as could have been willi'd, tho' j^rcat care had been taken, and the Nation put to an extraordinary Expencc in Tenders, and other Method?, forim- prc/llng and entertaining Men. One thing, among others, which gave no little Obftrudion was, the Proclamation forbidding pre/Ting Men from Colliers, which encouraged fick Men, as loon as they could crawl from their Quarters, to Icrarable up 10 London., and, for the IJkc of greater Wages, enter themlclves on a. NewcaJ{le\o)i^z^ and many of them without any regard to their being made Run, and thereby lofing all they had earn'd in the publick Service. 13c- fides, theic were many Letters, even at this time, Icattet'd by ill meaning Perfons among the Ships, advifing the Sailers to dcjcrt; fo that no Remedy remain'd to cure thisDilcale, but recalling theatorc- laid Proclamation, or keeping the Men on board, when fick, and I'ufTering them to die milerably. Many more Obftrudlions there were to the timcl) manning the Fleer, but the chicfcft was the ex- travagant Wages given to Seamen by the Merchants, who, for lucre thereof) fculkcd up and down, and hid themlclves, until the Ships whereto they belonged were ready to proceed to Sea, inlbnnich that very grcai Numbers, even of the belt Seamen, were by this means ulclcls to the Crown. The Admiral was acquainted on the tenth of May by a Principal Secretary of State, that there was reafon to apprehend the Fiench intended not only to (end Ammunition and other Inftrumcnts ot War to Ireland., but to tranlport alio a confidcrablc Number c.ihijh from thence to Scotland:, and that therefore it was the Queen's Plcaliarc he ihould endeavour to intercept them in their Pa!- lage to Gall'wayy or to deftroy them in that Harbour ; for which realbn her Majelly commanded him to lend the Fleet to Sr. //< A//'s, or i!-^';t 'f Chap. VII. from tbeTfar j688, to 16^-]. 437 or her, Spitliea^l, and to repair hi/ufclf immediately to Town and attend ''" -i-i /that lb this and all orlicr Affairs rclafi^ ro the Expedition, /^;fj','/, '';',,/> mmht be maturely confidercd of: And heriMajcIly cor.curruig with <^ y. Ht- Lj^ thjt *yrt«X'/>/' ought not to be ncv-Jcdlcd, ordered liini to raltc ^^^, '•,,""'','* cue before the Fleer lailcd, for blocking up iliat Porr, if the ^Dtiuh ',, /, .l'./..'^',j Ships expedited there did not timely arrive. ""•'• iVhcii he returned to the Fleet he had Orders to lend Tome Ships at .../.-../ n inrn the Irilh Chanel (as he himlcif had propos'd) to cruilc upon /'"'' '""" ihcCoaftot Scotland, without Lanttrc, that lo they inighi prevent ,, ,^11 F,'rc., ik French in tranlportinjj; any Fortes from Ireland to thac King- A"'" ircLnui doni; and he was inlorm'd that Letters from 'Dublin gave an Ac- " '^='^"'""^- count the Enemy were not then arrived, but that if a late Report ffoni a 'Z)'7//t' might be depended on, it was very probable they iiWd loon be there ; lb that it was earneflly recommended to him to fiallcn to GalhiUay, and endeavour to dellroy the Ships before they could unlade, and receive thole Soldiers which were to crabarque. This Order wonld have been immediately complied with, hut Tht rim thit the Fleet could not well ftir from ihcTirjuus un'til join'd by the ['',"!''ow°!i ly'^ Ships ofT of jD««j^/>^, for fcveral of them were of the Line of Bat- 'i'i,e^s';"^s rf tcl; butfincethc falling of the Tides would prevent the French get- "/i^iniiuii,. iiw out of that Porr, ours were loon cxpedted thence, and when they were arrived, the Admiral propoi'ed lending thither a Squadron often Ships, Evgl'tjh and 'Dutch, luch a Number being all he could wcllfparc, lo as to have the Fleet of any confidcrablc Strength. It was his Opinion, indeed, that they would not be fufficicnt ; and tkiciorc he defired the Lords of the Admiralty to join others to thcui; and when he diicourlcd the 'Dutch Admiral about this Af- fair, he found him not willing to parr with any of his Ships, for he allcdged that he had pofirive Orders from the King not to do it until his Ue Rr.,f.m! Number was thirty fix, of which no more than twenty eight (even '^''\!'" arthis time of the Year) were arrived. Thi? put Matters under mlai ,i„imt fomc Difficulty ; and as the leaving fo many Ships from the Eugitjh /•"< •>%' Fleer would very much weaken it, To was it therefore defired that ■^'" ^""'^"'^ Mmm\ Jlli'MOude's Orders might be thus fardilpenlcd with, as to allow of his Iparing a proportionable Number of Dutch Ships to join with ours ; which might have been the rather granted, fincc they would have had Opportunity of returning to the Fleet as loon as Mynheer Toll arrived with the Squadron defigned lor Dunkirk. To this the Admiral received for anlwcr, that the Queen had not any Advice from the King that the Dutch Admiral was ordered not to part with any of his Ships until he had thirty fix, but that llie had written to his Majefty that he would be plealcd to fend Orders to the {ixAAllemonde to follow his Directions. And now the Queen commanded that the Fleet ihould proceed as loon as it was poHiblc, TijfQyemor. according to her former luftrudtions, without flaying for the Return ''iZllTiWn ohk'Dufikirk Squadron ; dircdting withal, that if the Dutch Ad- ^s M-'^'ii miral would appoint four or five Ships to join ours off of that Porr, '^'■'"''""^ yf-iy; Orders ihould be left for thcfe that were to return from thence to ZlmCuk" make the belt of rricir way to the Fleet ; but that if the laid Admi- •^' '/'• ral could not conlcut to leave fuch a Number of Ships, a fitting Squadron ' » W \\ )■ M Hi' m 438 NaviilTriiiiJ unions of the Iingli fli, Book IV tn •1114 J or lit- Jlroyinj, Puil- ttttiii::i,i. Tht Fittt or- (tind off of UiPl^, -.'huh alur'it lilt Aihnrai'i Miajiirts. The Fleet falls tut is forced liacli to the Downs. Sqiiatlron of ours lliould be detached, ami Orders Icit that whcnanv *Dtttch Shins arrived tlicrc lb inary Euii^ltJJf Ihould repair to the Hcct And that tucrc luinht not be a want ot Ships lor this Service, Orders were lodg'd ill the 'Dozitts for luth TDntch Men of War as IlionId ir rive there, after the Piece's laihn^ tlicncc, to proceed and join oiits ofTof 7J/////7/i; ofwiiicli k6\\mi.\ j^llctnonae was aeqiuiutcJ, tlut 16 he niiglit leave the like Orders, Icall the 'Dutch Captains IhoulJ fcruple to obey before they had adnally join'd tlie Fleet. Much about this time a Froixjial was made for tlcftroyino the Port oiT)uukirk, which the Admiral was di reded to coiiimunkjrc to the CoiumanJcr in chief of the Squadron appointed to lie off cf that Place, and to leave behind him two Firefliipsto be cmploy'doa that Service; but it was not thought advileablc to put the Projcdtin Pradticc this Summer. The twentieth oi May the Fleet was ready, and the Admiral in- tended to lail next Mornnig from the TJowus to Torbay^ and to 'avc Oidcrs for Mr. Churchill to follow him thither, with thcSuui- dr.)n under his Command off of 'Dunkirk: To fupply the Place of which Ships he appointed three Third Rates, two of the beft lailiiw Fourths, and aFirelhip, to join with thole three the ©«;<•/» Admiral was at lenjjth prevailed with to leave; by which Detachment, and the three lent to Ireland^ eight Ships of Force were taken from the Euglijh. A South Wcfl Wind prevented the Fleet's falling as was intended; and now the Vice-Adrairal oi Zealand^ and three ©a/f A Ships ar-' rived; for which Realbn, and that if thc-^Wind continued as it wis but one Day longer, thole offof©««^/>^, that were relieved by o- thcrs more proper, might alfo join the Fleet, the Admiral alter'd his Rdolufion of calling at Tor bay ; and the twenty fccond of iVijy re- ceived the Queen's Orders for proceeding hQiot&BreJl. This broke the Mc.iliires he had propolcd to take ; for he intended to have gone firft ten Leagues o^oi Brcjl, from thence fixry Leagues right into the Sen, and lo to have fallen in with Cape Clear in his Rerurn; it being fjcncrally believed that the French would firft come to Belle iHc to gei Intelligence, fo that in their traveric Home, our Fleet might luckily h.^ve gain'd Sight of them: BefiJc!:, the Admiral was in doubt, that if ihe Fleet continued off of Brej) till V.' AyU mer's Arrival with the Homeward bound Smyrna Ships, (a Mr;cr which was very unccrt iin) the Men, by their long continiiai.ee at Sea, would fall ftck ; but notwithftanding thelc rcalbnablc Objcdi- ons, he afllircd Her Majefty that he would pundually obey Hci Com- mands, and that iho' he wilh'd for nothing lb much, as the meeting with the whole French Force with the Ships he then had, yet l.c carneftly dcfircd that no Intelligence, or Motive whatever, mii^lit prevail with Her Majefty to take any confidcrable r^'umbcr liom him. He failed the twenty third of May in the Morning, but being got as far Weftward as 'Dengey Nejfe, was forced back to the 'Do^::iis with a hard Gale at S. W. and foon after there came News fromBa^- //», that the French were arrived ia the River Sbannoii-mxhiSi hun- j drcd drcJ Sail o (hemcruile jelly Tignif left a Squi tlioiill pro none to upon liich Si li^, BookU|. I C hapVII. from the Tear \ 6%^, to 1691. JfcJ Siil of Tranfports, anil that the Men of War which convoyed (heocruilcd between that River and GaUu;ay, whereupon HcrMa- jclly ii^nify'd Her PIcalurc to the Admiral, that as loon as ho liad left 1 Squadron tor 'DuMkirk, agreeable to what he pronolcd, he (I1011II proceed with the l-lcct oil' of /irrjf, and lend a Fri^arc to A'/»/i/ci to learn from the Lords Jufticcs whether the French were ^owiio Scot landy or where they might he fonnil: And ifi upon uponliich Iniclhgcnce, he judged they nii^ht be (kftroy'd in Ireland, orprcvcnrcd in uoing to Scotland, he was to lend a Squadron ci- ther to the Well of Ireland, or through St. Gcort^e's Chanel to ScotU''d, with Orders to them to return to the KIcct when they ihoulJ have done their utmoll in the Performance of that Service Itivis likewilc recommended to him to get the bcft Information he could of the Body of the JnttchVkct, aiulto have a particular R gard to the Sitcty of the T-^ade cxncdlcil from Smyrna, as alio to or- der the Ships on the Iri/h Coaft to return to the Meet as loon as the Services they were employed on would admit thereof; and when he ilio'ililrhiiikit convLuicnt to come frombeloic 8reJ/, he waste repair 10 V ape Clear, ami to lend Notice by the Way of Kinfale of his Ar vil: But It VMS agam recommended to hnn to remain before Btfil, 0' thetcuboui.v, if Wind and Weather would permit, until the SmV'iii He^t artived, and as long time after that as he fliould judge mairrv. And although it was reprelented to him what Advanta- ges myht be taken againlt Galijuny by Sea, yet Her Majcfty let him kiowhiat Ihe was not wilhng to havw it attempted, untill luchtimc astiK Army had made thole Advances whicii might enable them to atMA It alio by Land. J iicrc was at this time Advice that the French intended to comi!(«i 'I Jot tht hiiri I jtiimj . -'/ ol llrcd. //;* Admirti oiiliri.l m jtiiJ .iDetiXth- tnii.t 111 he- l.iiid lodtflraf I'lCluli iihifi. ill! Cart tf iht Sinyrn* llltl rt:(.m- ittmlfJ te lum. il>t Duke oj licrwick's le- ing gont to Scotland tm- tradUttd. Advice that the I'rench Vleet rendex,- vous'daitieWe JJlc. Ml\ ■ |}si !' 1 }\':m « ' ' M The .Idmrjl IS l/;t\)l'lh\l that tic I'lirnch i.j.vii i!ro» ivai geue I'ach jr;m Irel.inil ; and ihiri'jjic IS iidvifc.i to j'.tit a< f'on with a liiclJiip, and a Sloop; and of the iiutch five of fifty Guns, , oue Tic Aih'ur.tl takes notice that the Qjeeu's Or- Iters clliyd turn ti he i-jf cf nrell t,U the Smyrna FlKt arriv'ii .«• 1, BookIV. ■ Chap.VII. from the Tear i6SS, to 1691^ 441 one of fifty four, nc of filty cvvo, one of forty, one of thirty fix, oiieof thirty four, one of twenty fix, one of twenty four, and ano- ther of twenty, making in all twenty one. Accordingly he iailed, and being on the fourteenth of Jurtey fix Leagues S. E. from the ^*^,f/"j{^fi Iflc of IVighty it was by a Council' of War of the Flag-Officers a- jri'm'tht""* greed, that the Station mould be eight Leagues Weft from "VJhanty t)owns. and that from thence fome Ships Ihoultl be detached to look into Erejl for Intelligence. The nineteenth of Juney tho' the Wind had been continually contrary, (as it was all along from the time the Fleet lirft arrived in the 'DownsJ he got off" of Tlimouthy but by bad Weather was forced back to Torbay ; and now he received a Letter from Mr. Aylmcr (dated ofT of Cape Sc. Vincent) by which he ^-^^ Admiral judged the Smyrna Fleet was in Irelandy or at leaft very near the nceivit Ad- Smdint^s. t" n.^%,t The Weather being fair, the Admiral got under Sail the twenty '"^'w/'* I'ecoiid of Jtiney and when he was off" of 'Dartmouth, an Exprels »/■'*' French came from JMr. Greenhilly then Naval- Agent at Tlimouthy with Ad- ^^'^I'lhy vice that the Enemy were at Sea with eighty Ships, whereupon all sail. polFiblc Diligence was ufed to get over to the French CoafV, and on the twenty eighth ('VJhatit bearing E. S. E. nine Leagues diftance) fome Fiihcrmen were taken from the Shore, who confirmed the Neiv«, and laid the French Fleet had lain becalmed four Days ofTof tkltland. Upon this the Flag Officers being confiilted, it was re- folved to ftretch over to Cape Clear for the Prefervation of the a council of Turky Fleer, and not meeting with News there, immediately to re- tvarunani- turn off of Breff ; and the Place of Rendezvous was appointed to be To'jialdovl'r /ix Leagues Weft from Scil/y with a Wefterly Wind. to cafi c\e»r. There was at this time a Projedt on foot to join fome Ships to a Prejin for tkSpattifi/ Armada (as they called their infignificant Fleet) in the J'''"'"^ {'""' Stroighrs, his Catholick Majcfty having offered not only to fit out '{"^^ ^/4' ten, (fuch as they were) but condcfcendcd alfo not to expeft or give the Spanifti Salutes, or to have the Command in chief in thole Seas ; fb that all \^^Y^* '/) things were to be concerted at a Council of War, and each Nation to do the beft they could for the publick Good ; but tho* the King did not think fir to determine any thing in this Matter, until fuch time as it could be feen what Succefs might be had againft the French in thcfe Parts, yet afterwards a very confiderable Part of the Naval Force of Ens^/and and Holland was fent thither under the Command of Mr. Rufely at which time the Frenchy with many Ships from ^''f//, and their whole Thoulon Squadron, were endieavouring to make their utmoft Efforts in the Mediterraneany and had entered with rheir Land Forces on the Confines of Catalonia ; which Expe- slitioii Hull be particularly treated of in its proper Place. The Fleet being now at Sea, liich Care was taken to prefcrvc the Smyna Trade, that fiugle Ships were appointed to cruile for them on every proper Point of the Compals, while the main Body pafs'd over to Qi^t Clear \ and when the Admiral came o(f of Kinjale he found they were lafely arrived there. Mr, Aylmery who commanded rA* rittt joint the Squadron, was ordered to come out and join him, it being rcfolv'd c/wv^^lrV w condadt them ias far as the Iflauds of ^f///y, and there to leave them Kinfaie. LU if M 1 ' •>■ ,.''11*1 m li^lF' if I'll |r:|. Sir Clouilefly Sliovell or- ilrrcii tvnh a b:yia:hon to leo'; iKtal'j!i:i\. % \ 44-2 NavalTrarifaSHomoftheEngliih, BookIV. if they had a fair Wind to proceed up the Chanel : But that they miglu not run the leaft Hazard, a Frigate was font before to ?//. mou((\ to bring the Admiral Advice, eight Leagues S W. homScilly^ whether any of the Enen v's Ships were on the Coaft. He hid dccerrained upon hiS parting with this Trade to go ofT of "Vflyant, and if the French were gone ftora thence to follow them to Bvllc iflc; but being afterwards of Opinion that they lay in the Sea, purpofcly to avoid our Fleer, he altered his Relbliuion?, and refblvcd to go into a more proper Station in Search of them; lb that VonvTyl'Jl*- parting with the j'lwyrff^ Ships ofT of Jf///y the thirteenth of 7a/y, he id-ivith, and firft fliapqd his Courle towards the French Coaft, from whence he ,hc piecr pro- f ^^^ a tcttcf to thc Sectecaty of State, defiring that it might be con- Fiench Coaft. fio'^rcd whether the FJeet, before its Return, could be lerviceablc to- wards the Reduction of Ireland, for that thc Providons would laft uo longer than the latter End oiAtigujtj and after that Month was expired, he thought it not iafe for the great Ships to be out of Har- bour ; but dcfired that a Supply of Frovifions might be ready at 'PlimoHthy that io thc Want thereof might not obltrudl any neccf- fary Service. No Iboncr was ^Ojhant difcovcred from the Maft-hcad, than Sir Chz/dfjly Shovel/ was lent with a Squadron to look into Brcjl, and the Admiral biiwfclf followed at a convenient Diftancc. When he was about iLc.^ucfromSz.Matthew'sPointf he law about tbrry Sail comi^1g out of />>£;//'' Harbour, which proved to be fmallCoaftingVclfels oi Brctagncj with three Men of War, of about thirty fix or forty Guns each ; and one of them ftaudiug to the Leeward of him, he llioc down her Main-Yasd, but Ihc putting bctbic the Wind efcapcd through the Rocks called the Chickensy where the French Pilots on ^alTcLT ^^^""^ ^""^ Ships did not think fit to venture. He got Intelligence /LKmuii that the French Fleet had been at Sea near forty Days; that not a- bovc a Week before a Ship of eighty Guns i. Ucd from Breji to join them, and that a Water- Ship had not been long come in, which left them about forty Leagues Wcftward of f/Z^;, where, and up and down iu thc Soundings, it was reported they had been ever fitice they put foith to Sea, SI oveii utch Fleets lailcd in fuch a Poftnre, as that the Scouts on each Wing, and thole ahead and aftcrn, could, in clear Weather, fee twenty Leagues round : So difficult a Thing it is for the chief Commander of one Fleet to bring his Rival at the Head of another to an Engagement, if he feeks to avoid ir, efpecially when, by his being in the open Sea, he hath Opportunities of lb doing, and of diicovering by his Scouts all the Movements he makes, or knowing what Approaches he cither can, orcannot make towards him, according as the Winds may be. The Admiral finding than all Methods for coming up with the E- neiny proved ineffedual, he dcfired to know how he Ihould proceed with the Fleet ; for though he thought it not advilcabic, while the trench were out, to anchor in any Bay, yet he teared the continu- ing fo long at Sea might very much endanger the Health of the Men, it having not been cuftomary to furnilh them with llich Re- trclhmcnts at Sea as the French conftantly had ; nor was it indeed equally in our Power io to do, by Realbn of the Rcraotenefs of our Ports. The twenty ninth of July her Majcfty fcnt Dircdions to the Ad- miral, that if the French FLcr, was no? at Sea, or in fuch a Station where prudently he could attack them, he fliould forthwith repair to the Coafl: of Ireland, for Security of our Merchant Ships ; but left hiraatliiicrty to go to Kinfale to refrelh his Men, or to remain in luch Station near that Place, where he fliould judge the Fleet might te mod fafe, and in the greatefl Readinefs to execute Orders. The chief Occafion of this Order for proceeding on the Irijh Coall was the King's Succefs in that Kingdom which was lb great, that His Majefty thought he might employ a confiderable Part of his Army this Year on a Delccnt in Frances bur it was to be given out L 11 z that Several hrenth '^hipt and Viff'ls fcen thirty I.iapiet from L'flunt, and jome of them taken, whi gave an Ac- count of their fleet. Nj Probabili- ty of coming lip with iheE- my, who in- ditjlrioiijl; a- icided lis. The fleet or- dered to the Coajl d/ Ire- land, and the Reafon there- "f. 'Ii i<» ■ ( ■J, I til l;»iH I:il1 m m I m'^f Sevtral Pri- vateers get out of Dun- kirk and do mifchief Northward. 444 NavalTranfathons of the Englifh, Book IV. that the Preparations were for Flanders. It was judg'd that this would not only give a Diverfion to the Enciny, but probably in- duce them to venture a Battel at Sea to prevent it; lb that it was thought ncceflary the Fleet Ihould be on the Irijh Coaft, not only to protca»t, three Days longer than was determined by the Coun- cil of War, in hopes the French might come thither, the Admiral left the faid Station the thirty firft of July, and once more flood for VJhant : And that he might be the better enabled to keep the Sea, he ordered the VflTels with Beer at Tlimouth to come to him eight Leagues Weft from the laid Ifland, there being a great want thereof in the Englijh Ships, and the "Dutch had no more Provi- fions than what would laft them to the twentieth oi Auguft. Three Days after the Admiral left the Station he ordered fonie Ships to chafe off of VJhanty of which Number that commanded by the Marquis of Carmarthen was one, and his Lordihip's Sloop being alfo in Company, faw upwards of a hundred Sail in Broad Sound, which were judged, and that rightly too, to be the French Fleet going to Breji. This being made known to the Admiral, a Council of War was called on the fifth of Augufi, where it was re- Iblved, that fince the Winds hungWefterly, and that both £«^/;)^ and "Dutch wanted Water and Beer, it was abfolutely ncceflary to fail to Torbay to recruit, and relrelh the Men, who had been two Months at Sea, When he arrived there, the neceffary Orders were given for putting every Ship into a /peedy Condition for Service ; But there was a great want of Men occafioned by Sicknefs; nor did the Supplies of Provifions anfwer Expeibation ; for the 'Dutch, with what tiiiey met there, had no more than would lad them to the latter end of September. The Admiral having reprefcntcd to the Queen fome Difficulties that arofe to him, with reft)e<5 to the feveral Services required by her Majefty's Orders, the fame were cxplaiu'd ; As firft, that the going wi' h the Fleet upon the French Coaft was repeated to him, left the Appointment of the other Services might look like a Revo- cation of that, and conlequently an Opportunity of fighting fliould be thereby prevented. But that, fecondly, in regard fuch an Op- portunity might not, at that Scalbn of the Year, be met with, tin next Concern was for the Trade coming from the IVeJi-lndks : And that, thirdly, it was ncceflary fome care ihould be taken of the Tranfports With the Troops from Ireland ; which latter depending The French Tleet get into Brelh Our Fleet comes to Tor- bay /cr I'ro- vijions. Her Majejly'. Orders ex- ptain'd. OU rijt I 1, BookIV. I Chap.VII' from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 44.5 onthehop'd-for Succefs at Limerick^ it would confcqucntly be the |a(l Service in order of Time : But that, however, her Majcfty left it to his Choice to place himlelf in fuch a Station as might mod ef-s fttolly anlWcr ihelc Ends, becaufe, as a Sean jn, he could beft jodge of ir, and that it greatly depended upon the Intelligence he might have from Breji, with relation to the French Fleet, or irom the Sea off of the Coaft oilr elands which probably t\ic fVeft India Ships would firft make ; or from Kittfaky whence he might have the earlieft Notice of the Tranfports intended for that Kingdom But fince he thought it nccelTary that the three-deck'd Ships Ihould be lent home at the Expiration of this Month, her Majefty was pleas'd to approve thereof, and diredbed that they fhould be accord- ingly ordered to Spit head. Soon after this he received a Letter from the Lords of the Admi- ralty, by which not on^y his own, but the Opinion of the Flag- Officers was defired, How long it might be convenient to keep the Fleet at Sea in a Body ? How long they mighr be ventured at Sea, in cife the French did not dilarm their Ships , or the publick Ser- vice Ihould require io great a Fleet ? And when the great Ships could no longer keep the Sea, where they might with moft Safety remain for fome time before they were laid up, fo as to be ready to join the reft of the Fleet in cafe the French fhould come upon our Coaft? Hereupon a Council of War was call'd the nineteenth of A|«/, where were prelent the Flag- Officers following ; viz. The Lords ef tht Admiralty demand htw long it may bi advifeahle to keep the fleet out in a Body, 8cc. A Council 0/ War called. Engltjh. Admiral Rujfelly Admiral Killegrew-, Vice- Admiral Ajhby, Vice-Admiral 'Delavally Rear- Admiral Rookcy Rear-Admiral Shovell. 'Dutch. ~^^ Admiral Allemondcy Vice-Admiral VandefuttCy Vice-Admiral Callemberg, Rear- Admiral Evert Jon. Who taking the feveral Particulars into ConHderation, deiermincd that the following Anfwers fhould be made thereunto, vii&. I. That it was not convenient for her Majefty's Service the Fleet Ihould continue at Sea longer than the laft oi Augttft. 1 But if the Service did abfolutely require their flaying out lon- ger, the utmoft time ought to be the tenth of September. }■ That when the great Ships could not longer keep the Sea, the moil convenient Place for them to remaiu at for farther Orders ^vas Spithead. * And :i; A m 446 Naval TrafffaStiom 0} the Englifh, Book IV I Chap.^ And it was alio agreed rhur between ten and twenry Leagues W. SAV from Scilly was the molt proper Station tor the Fleet to cruilc in io as to enable them to do Service. This Rciblution of the Flag-Oflicers being ccramunicatcd to the }jer M.rtf!y's Qiicen in Council, her Majcfty was plcasM to let the Admiral kno" i'r" "/« ^^"^^ altho' Ihc had, by former Orders, lufficiently informed hi;n \vh,ii "thiKtiiii't'of Services ihc cxpcdtcd from the Fleet; yet fince the /-w/f A were now a Council cj in Camavet Bay, and that probably he might have an Opportimiry "'"'■ of attacking them there, ihc thought it ought not to be ncgicdcd; for that it was rcalbnable to believe the Attempt might be made before the Expiration of the Time the Council of War had limited for lending home the great Ships. However, her Majcfty confi- dering the Scalbu of the Year, which was far advanced, and other Accidents at Sea, (not to be lorelccn or judged of at Land) did nor think fit pofitiveiy to command the Fleet's returning bciorc /??r//, but declar'd Ihe would be fatisfied with the Rciblution of a Council of War in that Matter ; altho' ihe thought there was not any thin ■ fo defirablc, or lb much for the publick Intcrcfl: as a Battel, cnuki it be attempted without too great Hazard on the French Coaft. rht Admiral Thc Admiral returning an Anfwcr the twenty fourth, obicrved, lakii notice ^^ jj,^j j^g j^^j ^^^ Qrders from thc Lords of the Admiralty to obey Acred by the cithcf thc King's or her Majefty's Com.rr.snds as the Earl o{Tor. Admiralty to rhijiton formerly had when he commanded the Fleet ; nor any Or- retnain in j._. r -!.-:_ t -.J/L: ^ 1:^1. .._ .l._;_ C^rt i_n._._rL- / i Torbay ttll further Or- der. War rlebaic a bout attacking the French in Camaret Ba-j. ders from their Lordfhips contradidory lo their firft Inftrudions (^1- tho' he had feveral times writ to them on that Subjed) which di- reded him, on his Return to Torbay, to remain there till farrhcr Orders ; and that though, upon confidering the Contents of thc foregoing Letter from the Secretary of State, he had oucc refolvcd to lail, yet in regard of the Hazard, as well as the Inconveni- ences he might himfclf be expofcd to, he did not think it fafc tot him to carry the Fleet to Sea without particular Orders ; and thc Day after he difpatch'd away this Anfwer, he called a Council of I A Council of War, where the F^lag Officers came to the following Refolutions, ia relation to thc attacking the French Fleet in Camaret Bay. " That although the Enemy were there, yet confidering thc " Scarcity of Provifions, and thc bad Weather which might be ex- «' peded at fuch a Seafon of the Year, it was in no wife advifcable •' to make any Attempt upon them. They alfo adhered to their former Opinions, " That thc noft " proper Station for the Fleet to lie in was ten or twenty Leagues [ « W. S. W. from Scilly ; and that thc Ships ought not to continue •' in a Body longer than the laft of this Month, unlels there Ihouldj " be an ablblutc Nece^lty ; andiffo, not beyond the tenth of ^yc/- " tember. But it was thought neceflary ( if Wind and Weather I " would permit) to go before VJhant, (and not BreJiJ that io the " French might know we were at Sea, and then forthwith to re- " turn to the aforelaid Station olFof Scilly. " That they were fenfiblc a Battel miglit be of great Advantage j to the Publick, but wilhed the Enemv would give an Opportu- J ' " nitv I (( "fli, BookIV I Chaf.VII. from thcTcar 1688, to 1691. 447 ,(„jtyforir, without putting the Flee: under a liazard of Dcflruc- « tiou by attempting them in their Harbours, clpccially at the Ap- iipioaclioi' the Winter Scaibn. And upon confidcring what Squadron of Ships oug'-r to be kcj>t jtSca, after thofc with throe Decks Ihould be icnt in, it was found, ii That none o '.' thole of the States General lould continue out, far u that their Provifions would laft no Ionc;cr than the twentieth of II SePteml>cr, and his Majefty's Orders rctjuired their returning by 11 that time loFIollaud: So that if the Queen cxpedted their longer u (lav, there wanted Orders from his Majcfty for the fame, as wcU « IS for their Re vidualling ; for the King being Stadthoidcr of that «' Rcpubiick, their Admirals received all their Inftrudions immc- « diarcly from him. "But altho' it was the Opinion of the Council of War, that « there was an ablblute Neceflity for a Squadron to be kept abroad, " and that if a lufficient Quantity of Vidtuals could be provided, a « Detachment of proper Ships mi^iht be made for a Month ; yet « they were cautious in advifing the Number, not knowing what « Strength the French would have at Sea. The twenty fifth oi Augnji the Admiral received Orders from ^/-^ ^''"'V"'- thc Lords of the Admiralty, prepared in Obedience to her Majefty's 'fUe\"',[ ['a, Plcalurc (ignified at the Cabinet Council, whereby he was diredled "mJ to Hein'u forthwith to proceed to Sea, and to lie in fiich a Station as he judg- 'f'J^Zcl'X"' cd moft proper, as well for meeting the French Fleer, fliould they i-iciuii Fitet, ccrac out again, as for the Sccuiity of the homeward-bound Trade, ""'' j'cxre th, the Ships in the River Shannon^ and the intercepting Succours from '''" '' Fi/ince to Ireland : But when the firft and fecond Rates could be DO longer continued abroad with Safety, he was to order them to Sf'uhcady there to remain till farther Diredtions, and to appoint the Snip^of imaller Rates, (both Englijh and "Dutch) which were in a Comlitioa for if, to cruilc until the thixticth of September (if their Provifions would laft fo long) in the moft proper Station for anfwer- iag rhc three laft Services beforemcntioncd ; which Station their Lordlhips were of opinion ought to be between twenty and thirty Leagues S.W. off of Cape Clear, though they thought fit to leave that Matter to his Determination. He was alio farther direded when he came in with the great Ships, to appoint three oi the Eug- lijb Flag-officers to remain with the cruifing Squadron, and to or- der the Senior of them, at the Expiration of his Cruilc, to bring home with Him the Ships of War in the Shmimt. Purluant to thefc Orders the Admiral put to Sea with the very ThcvUtt jMi. firft Opportunity of a Wind, and on the thirty firft oi Ahguft^ about ten in the Morning, made the Land of Vfhant. The Fleet ftood in until fix that Night, and then, being but four Leagues from the Shore, tack'd, and laid it off with an eaiy Sail till break of Day, at which time they ft:ood in again; and at twelve at Noon, when they were about three Leagues from the Land, there was not any thing f:eii like a Sail, fo that the Admiral ftcercd away for the Lizard, tea Leagues W. S. W. from which Place was the appointed Station. Had !, tl I'M. t^ 44.8 NavalTranfa8ionsoftheEng\i{h,BoQY,iy^ Chap Had the French inclined to a Battel, a fairer Opportunity thaa this could not have been given them ; for they mij;ht have had the Advantage of the Wcathcr-Gagc on their own Coaft, but they con- tented thcmfelves with lying lafe in Port. The Fleet was now in great want of Beer, which obliged the Ad- miral to dcfire that Ibinc Vcflcls might be lent to Kin/ale with a Sup" ply, that lb a ftop might be put to the Inconveniences and Ciamout which would unavoidably attend the Men's drinking Water in the ! Th,Admir»i Wintct ; and he rcprcfcntcd that, without a prel'eiit Profpedofdo. cftpmkn thi ing Service, the hazard fo many unwieldy Ships would run in long f,7///„t'/',. Nights, attended with lb uncertain Weather, was too great, fincetlie i, ha^arJiJ Natiou did not ftand in need of any thing more at rhat time, than wiihoutafri- ^ Squadron ftrong enough to protcdl the homeward bound Trade if'snvfi'f' to refift what Force the French would probably let forth, and to give Countenance to our Affairs in Ire/and: All which Services were but too much interrupted by the whole Fleet's going out again; for had the three Deck'd Ships been fumilhcd with Provifions luffi! cient only to have carried them to their Ports, the others might have been much (boner fupply'd, and difpatchcd to their intended Station : Nor were his Apprehenfions groundlcfs, rhat the dividing our Strciigth at Sea might have very much expofed the whole; for had the French got notice that it was fo intended, it was rcalonable to think they would not have flip'd (o promifing an Opportunity of intercepting fo many of the belt Ships of England and Holland; for with an Eafterly Wind they might have reached the Lizard, near to which Place thole Ships would have been obliged to pals as they flood up the Chanel. He alfo objeded againft the great Ships going to Sftthead, (ince by coming to an Anchor there, an Opportunity of Wind might thereby have been loft, for their getting timely about to Chatham, which would not only have eucrealcd the Charge, by keeping the Trdtrtd Men longer in Pay, but have occafioned Delay in their refitting; a Work which called for all poffible Diligence and Application, fince fo great a Number of Capital Ships were to be docked and repaired for the next Summer's Service. And that I may in fome mealure fliew what hazard fuch great, and confequently laborious, Ships do run at luch a Seafon of the Year, I defire you will be referred to the following Inftance thereof, viz. The Fleet being in the Soundings the fecond of September, a vi- olent Storm arofe, infomuch that all which could poflfibly be done ^stllmZtlt for fheir Prelervation was to bear up for fo dangerous a Port as Soundings, TUmouth ; and what from the Continuance of the Wind, and Ha- ^h'''''t!T,a! ^'"*^^^ °^ ^^^ Weather, the Ships were fo confufedly fcattered, that L/7o/pii-'^ the greateft part of them were not feen when the Admiral himfelf came to an Anchor in the Sound: But when it grew fomewhat clearer, one of the lecond Rates (which prov'd to be the Corona- tionj was difcovered at an Anchor off" of the Ram-Head, without any thing (landing but the Enfign-ftafl^ and foundering foon after, her Commander, Captain Skelmiy together with her Company, ex- cept Tht Admiral' t Objeilum 4- f4;n/f tht great Shift ftaying at iipithead ivhen The Haaard the whole mouth. Jt[ fSc lifli, BookIV.B Chap. VII. from thcTcar 1688, to 1691. 449 c.p: a very inconfiJjrablc Number, were loll. Many of the biggcft 5;,n;iiJt bciiij; able ro wcachcr the Eaftcrmoft Point of Land ac the Entrance into Pl'imontb Sound, were conftrain'd to take Sanc- tuir^ tliL-re, in ihat Coiiilifion which aLcc Shore, thick V/c.uhcr, and avcrv h.ird (iile of Wind nin(l unavoidably occafion ; inlbmuch ilniik ffarzc'ic/.!, a third Rate, ran on Ihore and was bulged; the R-julO.ik and KonbiitnbLriaiuly Ships alio of the third Rate, tail- cJoii the Ground, thoiij^h afterwards they were happily gotten ofT; iijat'Diifc/j Ship was icen at an Anchor above five Leagues in the O.Tin^, wirh a,l her Marts gone, and Icveral others very nar- lO'.ily clUpcd the Danger of the Rock called the lidijtotie. The Ships which were to Windward had indeed the good Fortune to carry it clear; but although it picaled God to terminate this Marrcr with no other Lois tiian is already mentioned, unlcis in Mis, Sails, and Rigging, which were mil bly Ihattcr'd, yet, in the Eye of common Rcalon, it might hu •. p 'cd of very fatal Confco,iic:ice. Many Objcdions were made, at the br..;;, -liii^ Oi the War, agaiufl ^ the Fleet's returning lb late into the Sd 'o.. 'i at that time it con- fill^dof 110 more than fixry Sail, and but --. ci them fuperior to at'iiirJ Ra'c ; and conlequently a grcar'.r Hazard was now run with a Flat of eighty Ships, twcnry fix • re^'^wcre of the grcatefl Mj^' inicjc. Nor cr.uld the French th.uilJves have dcfircd a bct- rcrGanc, than tins to know the Strength oi England and Ho/- liiii were contending with Winds and Waves while they iccured thcralelvcs in Harbour. Tiic Admiral having given Orders for refitting fuch Ships within hi rwch as had received damage, and left Sir Cloudcjly Shovcll at Tlhimth 10 Ice the fame pcrform'd, put forth to Sea, and arriv'd i'Si. Helen s the eighth of Septvrnber^ but before he failed he or- Ut AAmWal il.d Sir Cloudcjly to fend five Fourth, three Fifth, and two Sixth •^j';;y''; "' ^'• RacNto eriiilc in the Soundhigs, in Inch Numbers together, and in ,n^'L//!s,.^*" I.i'.'i Nations as might moll ei?cdtually conduce to the Security of ( iuudcfly tlicli>>mc\vard-bouiid Merchant Ships, and then, with the reft of '■'1'"^?" Z"''^' the SnipN tit for the Sea, to repair ro dpttbeaa. I'hmuuth. Sn;)ii after tlic Ad niral received Orders from the Lords of the Ad- ,^^ ^^^ ^ miral'v to ioiul the ihrce-ileck'd Ships about to Chatham, grounded 'i:c::d ship, hich obliged the Ad. )A////a/f withaSup-i nicnces and Clamour rinking Water in the cIcntProfpedofdo.' >s would run in long I too great, fincetlie ■c at that time, than leward- bound Trade y 'ct forth, and to' All which Services ct's going out again; vith Provifions luffi. ', the others might :d to their intended fs, that the dividing ofed the whole; for d, it was rcalonable g an Opportunity of land and Holland; :d the Lizard, near igcd to pals as they to Spithead, fincc ity of Wind might about to Chatham, ;e, by keeping the II their refitting; a Application, "iince ockcd and repaired hazard fuch great, a Seafon of the bllowing Inftance September, a vi- poflibly be done igcrous a Port as le Wind, and Ha- ly Icattered, that : Admiral himfeli grew fomewhat be the Corona- m-Head, without ering foon after, er Company, ex- cept (as 1 hippolc) upon the Inconveniences he had reprefented might ordcn.i up to a cnj their continuing at Spitbead : And his Majefty fignify'd his 2'^*!,""'"'' Picaiurc to the Tintcb Admiral, that he fliould likewile repair home Dutch sW/if \vi:h the great Ships of the States General. But fince her Majefty, /"" *""" duiiDg the Kiiig's Ablcnce in Flanders, had ordered to Sea a Squa- dron of thirty Ships, and as many more as were in a Condition, to infcrccpc Succours from France to Limerick in Ireland, Admiral Mm; II de was forbid to fend home any of his Squadron, under the firft and Second Rate, fitting to be continued on Service, but to em- ploy them, on this occafion, in conjuudtion with our Ships, without infilling on the cxadt Proportion. Tim Squadron oi EngliJI? and T>ntch Ships being formed, the Ad- raitil tranliuittcd a Lift of thcit Names to the Secretary of State, M m m and ■ iHli % \ )li ii?r '11 m 4-50 NavalTi\wfdihm'ofth'V.ng\\{hy BookIV. and aci.]iuiiucd him tlut they Ihould he loiic away with all pollibjc nil'iatch ; but oblcrvcd withal, that il' the French arrived at Lime urk bclbrc this Force could pollibly get thither, the liiiall S.juatlfoh which was on the Coalt of that Kiiiiidora would run the ^rcatcll ha/ard oi' bcinu; deftroy'd. xrRjipiiDc- Sir Ralph '■'hclavalX (then Vice Admiral of the Blue) who was lU- lavjii ir./tfii appoji^tcj to coiuiuand on this Service, was ordered to govern hi Iclf According to the lollowing Inlhudlions ■wiih J .s dmn mill til itti lrj!tii:!i- mil. ■J he I'dfi'tK '.■■ijy Sir R.ilpli l)o'.\- V.) 1 -.I iis JJ'- b:dcMiii[, ill >/;.•; I /;.»/. J Ml. Ill lie bh.ini-.oii. hi the firll Place he was to take under his Command thcEiivli/h and 'Butch Ship?, and to lend luch of them as were firft ready to the appointed StaucMi, between twenty and thirty Leagues S.W. of C.ipc Clear., to wliich Place he was to follow with the reft as foon as pollibly he could. There, or thereabouts, he was to cruifc in liich manner as he fliould think proper, tor protcding the Trade, and to prevent the Town cif LiWi.-rick'i being hiccoured by the French, which it was reported they intended to attempt with twenty Ships of War under the Command of Monficur Chateau Renault. He was cautioned to have a particular regard to the Safety of thole Ships which had for Ibmc time been eniployed under the Command of C.iptain Thomas Coal in the Shannon , and ordered to bring them rhcncc at liis Return home, if not other wile dilpolcd of by the Lords of I he Adiiiiralry. Hut notwithftanding thelc Orders pointed at a particular Station, yer, if (fiom any Intelligence of the Enemy's Proceedinns) he Ihoulj judge ic for the Service to alter the lame, it was entirely lefr to his Dilcrction ; and the time limited for his Cruile was the thirtieth vi September., when he was to return to Spit head, and to lend the Several Ships to the relpcdlivc Places afligned for their being refit- ted at, if he received not Orders to the contrary before. To thcle Inllrudions her Majcfty in Council was pleafed to dirCdt the following Particulars Ihould be added, ijiz. I. Thar he lliould continue on the Station until the fifteenth of Ottcber, unlels he received contradidory Orders, or heard Ibonct of the Surrender oi Limerick. z. That he Ihould not recal the Ships from the Shannon without the C.^nlcnt of the Lieutcnanc-Generaf. That which occafioned the foi bidding his calling ofT the afore- laid Ships in the River Shannon, was a Letter from Lieutenaut-Gc- neral (jinklc, fignifying his Doubts, that if thoic Ships were re- call'd, Limerick could not be taken this Year ; but that othcruile, he w as in hopes of being Matter of it in a Month. The Rcalbns he gave were thel'e, That he could (lay longer before the Town, having Ships to carry ofF the Cannon; and that, for want of liich a Convenience, if he liicccedcd not, he lliould be oblig'd to leave them behind him. He was alio of opinion, that the Ships would be very ulctlil in preventing the landing Succours from France, and that fmce they were lb near theTown, he did not forefec any great Danger would attend them, for that the Enemy would be cautious how they ventured with their Squadrou filty Mil^s up the Hhnn- not!, Chap.VIII. / H// the Tear 1688, to 1691. 451 D^D, at a time when \vc had a confijcrablc Strength at Sea. S\t R.i/ph 'Dclavall was thrice beaten back by contrary Winds, virRjipii/i/- and hiving artcmprrd a ft)urth time to get out, he was on the fix- "'' '^'''* " t«nthot'0(r/o/;^robhgcd to bear up for Torbay, where he received /,,")[a,7yi';;|*'' Orders the eighteenth to proceed fifteen Leagues S.W. from Scilly, timuaiumpt- wiih liich part of the Squadron as remained ; lor the King had 'f^'/^ {''1^,'"/ ordered five of the 'Dutch Ships from him, two of them to HoJland, ,„„ ,f„ and the other three to the MeiUterraneaM. At this time Sir Ralph soundings, wasinform'd by the Mafter of a French Ship, taken by xhzTititch, "Z^^llilL that he was ten Days before in Company of thirty /rf«f/j Ships of lu hud advie$ War, and twenty Merchant Ships, near Be//e Ifle, the latter loadcn [^j^'^^,'\^„ with Corn and Provifions, and that it was reported by the Maftcr of war, /nd of one of theic Merchant Ships, they did intend, when the Squa- '"""> ^'''f' drOD got out to Sea, to divide in the manacr following, viz. ten Z"'! fjd of the Men of War, w ith fome of the Ships with Corn, for the fVeJi- wh',r, ihey < Inks, other ten Men of War, and the remaining Provifiou Ships "'"■' '"""''• for Limerick, and the rcfl for the Mediterranean. The Squadron put to Sea again, but the want of Provifions, (a Jl'^fl"'^''" thiiii^ which too frequently happcn'd, and very much obflrudtcd Set- hcTd/br wLt vice) and the bad Condition of the Ships fbon oblig'd them to re- of Provijiant. ma to Spit head; nor were the 'Dutch willing to go to Ireland, Limerick as was dcfigncd : But the French not attempting to relieve Lime- {''J'^""''^j^J ruk, (as it was reported, and believed they would have done) that "ludu'eiion cf Town foou lurrcndcr'd ; which Succefs was follow'd by a total Re- \xt\tnA fotn dudion of a Kingdom that had proved fo long troublefomc to his ^""'''^• Majefty's Affairs. iiiji I Gannon without Chap. VIII. Caftm Lawrence Wright /kht with a Squadron of Ships to the Weft- Indies ; with an Account of what happened in tho/e Parts dtiring the Time of his Command^ and that of Captain Ralph Wren, who fucceeded him. HAVING in the foregoing Chapter attended the Motions of the Grand Fleet, and the detached Squadrons, from the time of their leaving to that of their returning to their refpedive Harbours; and there being nothing more of this Year's Expedition at home to treat of than what relates to the Winter-Guard, which affords little of Moment, bcfides what pafs'd between fingle Ships of ours, and thofeof the French., when they happened to meet and encounter with each other, I fhall not trouble you with thofe Matters here, but proceed to fuch remarkable Tranfadlions as happened in the ll^eft-hdies ; and I do the rather choole to mention the fame in fe Place, altho' the Squadron commanded by Captain Lawrence '^ngAr was fcnt thither towards the clofe of the Year 1689, for that M m ra 2/ this •1 I I'-' :;^< I (ammantl a inf to thi WfO Indies I6b9. Hit tnfitutli 452 NavalTranfa^'io7isofthe\L\\%\\{h,hooY.V^, | Chah chis Year complcatcd the laid Expcilitioii, ami that the whole will better appear together, thai) it I had givcu a dilliiid Accoant of each Year's Tranladious in thole Parts. c*ft*,n\.j,\v. The twenty fiift of 'Dicrmixr the aforclaid Captain /^ri^ht wm rciac WriKiit appointed Commander in Chief of the Sijiudron dcfigncd for the ""^ '" tVeJl- Indies, being one Third Rate, leven hourth:, two Fifths, two Fireihips* and one Kerch. He was ordered to rendezvous with them at Titmoutb, there to take on board a Regiment of Foot ot his Grace the Diikc of BoUon's, ami that being done, to proceed to Barbadocs, where he was to conlult with the Governor and Council how he might beft Iccure the EngliJ1> Plantations, and re- cover thole which might be fallen into the Hands of the French; but he was not to ftay longer there than was ablblutcly iiccclTary for refrelbing the Regiment, and to take in liichMen, and Provifioii?, as the laid Governor and Council Ihould think proper. I hen he was to repair to lUch of the Leeward Caribbie Ifl.mds, as (by lutcllj. gcnce of the Enemy's Proceedings and his advifing with the atnrc- laid Governor and Council) lliould be thought moft for the Service; And if he law a good Opportunity of attacking the Enemy, or their Ships, at Martinica, or cllewhcre, in his Palfage to the atorc- faid Iflands, it was recommended to him to make the bcft ulc there- of that pollibly he could. At the Leeward Iflands he was to apply himfclf to General Co- dringtotiy and in all things relating to the Land-Service to tUt ac- cording to his Diredions, and the Opinion of a Council of War, ei- ther for landing the Regiment, and attacking the Fieiich Colonics, recovering any of our Iflands, or annoying the Enemy in any 0- ther manner. In Entcrprizes at Sea, he was to adb as Ihouldbcad- vilcd by the Governor and Councils of War, when he had Oppor- tunity of confulting them, and, when it was ncccfTary, to fparc as many Seamen as he could with regard to the Safety of the Ships. And that the Iflands might not be expoler^ to Inlults, he was for- bid to lend any Ships from the Squadron until the Governor and Council were mformcd thereof, and latisfied that the Service did not require their immediate Attendance. If when he arrived among the Leeward Iflands he found them all in the Poflxflion of the French^ and that it Ihould not be judged necefl"ary to remain there, or to attempt the Enemy in thole Parrs, he was, without delay, to repair io Barbadoes^ there to conliilt with the Governor and Council, whether it might nor be nic' for the Service to flay with all, or any of the Ships, or to go to t cr of the Plantations for their Defence ; and, purliiant to what Ihould be to agreed on, he was to proceed, and to do the beft Service in his Power, till he received Orders to return to England. And left the French Ihould attempt any of the 'Dutch Plantations, and prevail upon them for want of timely AflTiftance, it was recommended to hira to give them what help the Circumftances of our own Affairs, both by Sea and Laud, would conveniently admit of. Captain fh, BookIV. I Chap. VIII. fr om th e Tear i6S8, to 1 ^517. 453 Opuiii Wright lulled i'xo\\\'l'limouth the eighth of March, with J (diifidcrablc Number of Merchant Ships under his Convoy ; but linh «as the F.xtrcmity of" the Weather, nor long after he parted if„in the land, that mod of the Ships received very confiderabic Djim;^';. cipccially in their MaUs Sails and Rigi^ing ; and after he hjjbat It up aiul down the Sea tevcral Days without feeing any ot his ,Si|iia(lrc)n, or of the Merchant Ships, he reached i\y/■/ A where he lound all the Men of War, except the ''hfj!l',',',';'\ 'jcrja^iiucrnjcy, Quaker Ketch, and Richard and John Firelhip, and iht IxJctti. about rwcnry Sail of the Merchant Ships. Here he Aaycd to re- ^^'^'^■ auir, and to take in Wine ior the Men, and then proceeded towards Biakdocs, where he came to an Anchor in Carlijle Bay the clc- ^"i^n <•' vciith of May follow ing, but in fo fickly a Condition, that it was "■"''*''"" difficult to find a liiffieicnt Number of healthy Men to get up his Anchori; not but that the Sick foon recovered, by the care which uis taken to put them on fhoie, and to provide thetn NccelFaries « hen there. The twenry fcvcnth of the lame Month he failed towa'-is the /,(• x',.7v/ lflan(N, and arriving the thirtieth n ylnti^oa, enrer'd in- '^*'ii to th$ 10 Cmiliilration with Gcncr;d Codnngton and the Council there {oi ^'^'^^^^ which he was Ivvoin a Member) what Place in the PolTcfliion of the Frmh they Ihoiikl (irlt attack, but could come to no Refolution thciciii till they had firft nuider'd up their Strength in the other IIIiihI';; ill order whcrcro the Comm.idore lailed with his Squadron iHl third oi 'yitite dow n to Moiifcrrat, where he was joined in few Days by the General from Ant'igoa\\\\\\ Ibme Ships and Sloops hav- ini; Troop, on board, from whence they repair'd in Conjunaion to iVfw/, where having nude the proper Dilpofition of the Forces, and put all things in a Rcadincls for proceeding againft the Enemy, ihcy came to a Relolution in a General Council of War, held the whirtCemrai icvcnrccnth, to attack St. Ch) ijtophvr''^., of which the French had ^'^^''y'ls'on fincc the breaking out of the War entirely dilbofTcfTed us. Among 1" \u'acl^"'. orhcr means agreed on for the Eyecurion of this Defign, it was re- Chrirtophcr'i lolvcd, That the Commadore Ihould with five of his Squadron, and three light Sloops, firft fail along Shore, not only to alarm the E- ncmy, but to draw them after him, which he accordingly endea- voured to do, but Day- light appear'd before they could reach Frig- pt'i^vj, the Place appointed to land at; lb that being difcovered, they durft not then attempt it, bccaule the Enemy were very flrong- ly intrenched. The following Afternoon it was agreed that Sir Ti- -jir- Tmioihy mthyThonihill, with about five hundred Men, Ihould land at a Place ^f/^^/Irl'. Eadward of Friggot's Bay, and accordingly Ibme part of the Men i,r4ndred Mtn were put on Ihnre about One in the Morning, who began their '""''"''" *'• Mjrch up the Hills by the Amftance of a Black Guide. Somewhat ^^"""p''"' bcforcDay they met on the Weft-fide of the top of the Hill a Party oi' French, who were loon put to flight, and followed 16 clolely, that our People entered with them into their Tranches, where, «i- liccd, they made a ftout Rciiftance for almoft rv.o Hours : But HicU Brivery was fhcwn on our fide, cfpecially by the Officer who comnandcd, that the French were beateo ouc of their Tienches, 1 and . M I vmi I • tl i i V<'".^ r.:'^-: ■■ I'.'h k m h i 4; ^ ■ v' !■ fl'i r •« Shore, in order to batter the Fort, and that t^c Army fliould iu- ircDch, and endeavour to gain Ground on the Enemy. Immediate- ly nine Twelve- Pounders were lauded, and with the Help of the Seamen mounted in their Carriages, lb that now all was ready but tticPlitform ind Trenches; mean while our Guns from the Hill gauledthe Fort, and battered down the Houfcs; nor were the Ene- my behind hind in their Endeavours to do us Mifchief with thcii great Guns and fmall Arms. Some Days afrcr the General began his March with eight hundred Men round the liland, to bring in all the Srragglcrs he could meet with, and to fight any Body of French that Ihould attempt to face him, the reft of the Array daily approaching nearer the Enr iiy by the Help of Retrenchments. It was not long e'er the General returned, bringing with him ma- ny NegToes, and levcral Frenchmen that had quitted their Arms and liirrendcr'd ; and the twelfth in the Afcernon the Enemy lent a Flag V^'/'^'^'^l ofTrucc from the Fort, defiring three Days Ccdation, which being '.'^ n'mel It.i followed the next Morning with Articles of Surrender, the Fort was '« ««; r)jy given up, the French marching out with all the Baggage they could '■"'""'''*^' carry, and about forty Gentlemen were allowed their Arms. When our People came into the Fort, they were not a little (iir- prizcd to Ice the Houfiis i'o milcrably Ihattercd, by the Shot only trom the Guns on tlie Hill, which the Enemy therafelves confefTed conftraincd them to llirrendcr much fooner than othervvifc they would have done. Thcfcvcnteenth a Council of War was called, and it was rciblvcd ihi^wTimothy Thornbill Ihould with his Regiment be traniported, ,s,> T;mothy 111 the General's Sloops to St. Eiijiat'u:, 5 neighbouring Ifland which li"'"'"" . the Enemy had taken from the 'Dntch, where he landed on the nine- )'^',', '^j,|*'»'' teenth without any Refiftance, and the St]uadron anchored there the -u. tuiu-.u lame Evening. The twentieth the Fort dcfircd a Parley, but no A- grcemcnt enfued, and the next Day three of the Ships of War, an- chored within Shot thereof, which (till held out, although very warmly ply'd from the Sea, and the four Guns on Shore. The Peo- ple who defended this Fort (laid to be about fourlcorc) bch ivcd ihemlclvcs with great Bravery, firing only towards the Land, and wholly nci;lcdliiig what was done againfl: them from the Sea; but the other Battery of two Guns being fixed the twenty third, and lb- veral Shot fired from thence, a Flag of Truce was lent from the Fort y., p„,, ^^ 111 the Afternoon, and next Morning our People marched in upon ^z. imbtn 'l)c Enemy's Surrender: Which being the only Orong Place there, '•'"""'"•■"'• thi: reft of the Ifl.ind tHl of Couric iiito our Hands. The twenty fixch at Night the Squadron failed from '^x.. Eufia- ''<>) a;id anchored next Day at St. Chr''[!ophn'^, in a laiiJv Bay Wdb.var'd i-r'' Hi ha :!' : M ^tyK'M 45^ NavaITr/t7ffacHomoftheEn*^\\(h, Book IV. ii'. : St 'fi; cams ucre o- vtr. ihc sqiia.iron Weftvvard oi Charles Fcrr, where they took onboard the Guns tlnr refiim 10 St ^ , „, i> ^u * I ■ ""a mat c;i,iiiloplieij, ^^'crc mounted on Shore: But the Army benig now very fickly of antaCoHucii thc Flux, A geuetal Council was held on the third, where it was a- °\ "I'^/nT'' S'''^'^'^ "^"^ ^'^ attempt any other Place until thc Men were in better more ji- Plealrh, and that the expected Hurricanes were over; fo that on thc /»«,./! 1:11 fccond oi ylngujt the Squadron lail'd to tlic Old Road, and watcr'J, 'ncov^^'l' '''"'1 ^^^ "'^'"^ Morning to Nevis ; but thc Winds Ihifting to the W.N.W. obliged them to depart from thence, and on the fifth they came to an Anchor off of thc Five IJlauds at /Intigoa, where they put thc Soldiers on Shore, and having iupplicd thcmfclvcs with Wood, proceeded tVom thence thc icvench, and arrived at Bar- badocs thc thirteenth. Thc Commadorc was tearful thc Hurri- canes might take him in this Road, and therefore failed thc next Day abnuc thirty Leagues Southward, the better to avoid thnfcboi- ftercus Winds, it being intended a: bon as they were over, to-ix. lick. Guadalupe, if all things Ihould be lound in a Condition for fuch an Undertaking. ihcsqualron Thc Hurricaucs were no Iboncr over tlian rhc Squadron failed lor nguri'''r^"' ^^^ Leeward Idands, and -n the fixtli oi Oilobcr anchored m Fu^ the liurn- lJlandsV>-x^ ■aX. Antigoa\ but nci finding General CWr/z/^ifo/; thire, they proceeded to Nevis, and I'roni thence to St.. CbriJ/oj^her's, whae they met with him. On thc eleventh a Coun* il of War being called, it was deter mined to attack Guadalu/t ; in order whereunto thc Gcacral went forthwith to Nevis, Montfcrrat, and j^iUigoa, to gcr thc Army in Readincls that fo no time might be loft in ihippiiig thcai when the Squadron Ihould come to each of thofc Iflands; bur, by Rcafon ol' thc great Mortality, thc whole Force would not have ex- ceeded fifteen hundred Men, if tlircc hundred and filty defigiicd tot St. C6r///(?/'/j(7's were left there: Neverthekljihey inrendcd to carry on thc Expedition, when in thc midft of their Preparations, the Commadorc received Orders to return to England with Part ol his Squadron, vhich put an end for thc prclent to thc Dcfyii oaGiiu- dalupc. The SfiadroH I'l^Q fifteenth of ^December thc Squadron failed froni St. CImllo- Me filv! *«'/'^-'^'"'^» and anchored the thirtieth in Carlijle Bay i.i Barbadoa, wanted Pn- whctc they wctc in Hopes of finding Provifions from England, for xifions. there was fo great a Want, that, with an equal Dividend, it would not Lft longer than thc 'iLn<\ o^ January \ nor was there ids Scar- city of Stores : And the Commadorc being obliged to lend thc Gucrnfey and Quaker Ketch to Jamaica, thc Succefs to convoy thc Ships from thence to England, and another Ship to do the likcttom Barbadoes and thc /.ftpw^^v/ Iflands, there remained but Icvcn, ami thole were in thc following Conditioui vi^i. ji Refolution tiiken to at- tack Guada- lupe. Mary Tiger yijjijlance Her Forc-raaft (prutig. Had a Jury Main-mart. C The Head of her Main-imft ^fliot with a Z4 Pounder, anJ (^ the Ship leaky. Bnfol b B ~n^V I Chap. VII I. from the Tear \ 6%^, to 16^1. 457 Bripl Antelope Hampjhire St. 'Paul J Her Fore- mart fprung, and the ^ Ship leaky. Her Maio-maft was Iprung. In like Condition. A Firelhip. In few Days after C.iprain JVrighfs, Arrival in Carlijle Bay, he re- ceived other Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty, diredting his Continuance abroad in the Wejt-lndies ; and on the twentieth oija- miry the Victuallers arrived under Convoy of the Jerfey, when mtcft Diligence \v as ull'd in the diftributing to each Ship her Propor- tion; and the Brijlol returning the thirty firft from her Cruile ofF of Marttnica, the Captain of her reported, that fifteen Days be- foie he favv fourteen Sail of French Men of War enter into that Porr, Upon this Captain Wright called a Council of the Captains, before whom Captain Haughton declared what he had feen, and it wasinftantly agreed that fix of the boft Merchant ihips Ihould be ta- ken up to fcrve as Men of War, ^'iz. one of forty Guns, two of thirty two, and three of thirty Guns each, together with a Firelhip; but there was not time liifficicnt for fitting her. For the more ex- peditious vidualling thefe Ships three Commidioners were appointed out of the Council, namely, Co\. Lillingjion, George AadrewSf And Jin Bromley Efqnires, the Governor himlelf disburfing what Mo- ney was neceflary for purchafing the lame. And now the Commadore reluming the Defign againft Guadalu/fe, hcfctSail the twelfth of February for the Leeward Iflands, where hcnrnved in few Days; but there being no good Underftanding be- tween hini and General Codriiigton, there were fuch tedious Delays inthcfurniihingthc Afiiftance neceflary from thence for the intend- ed Expedition, that it was the twenty firft of March before they proceeded thereon; when (it having been refolved at a Council of \hn\\itMarigala)ite, another of the French Idands, in the Neigh- bourhood of G««^^////''i i^^ 458 NavalTr/tfifaSiomofth^ngliih, BookIV | Chap. and burnt that Town ; but there were two ftrong Forts in the Ncieh- bourhood tii^rcof, which would require fomc time to reduce. The twenty fixth the Squadron proceeding according to the Mo- tion oK the Troops, came to an Anchor oti' oi' Bajf? Tctre, and put aihorc Icvcral Barrels of Powder, with Cartridges and Utcnfils for a Siege; and the next Day upon a Propolal of the Commadore approved by the General and OUicers afliorc, it was rclblvcd, at a Confiiltation of the Captains of the Squadron, that the Ships Ihould weigh and ply to Windward, and conic down thence in a Line and batter the Forts. To this Purpoie they accordingly weighed about two Hours before IvTidnight, and ply'd to Windward all Night; but IH There the next Morning found the Current fo ftrong againft them, letting to the Northward, that they could not fetch the Place from whence they came, but in fpight of all their Efforts were forced to come to an Anchor, fbme nine Miles, and fomc much farther, to Lee- ward. The next Day they towed up again, and put alhore fomc Guns and a Mortar-Picce, with which the Troops having played on the Forts from two Batteries lor leveral Days, but with no great Succefs, at length on the fourrccni*? of May, one of the Scout Ships that had been lent out to cm-k m the Offing, came in with Intclli 'cnce th.it llie had Jcen eleven S/" oi French Ships, which were itippofed to be Monfieur /7e*s "^q adron (of whole Arrival in thole Parrs they had heaiu fo/vic 0.ij,s before) coming from Martinka to the Relicfof-G/Wfi/w/'i'. '^ his Advice the Commadore communicatiiia lo Gcncri! (^odr'mgton^ ' was thereupon refolvcd in a Council of Officers, ro quit t ".■ 3ji,i;/r(, and the fame Night all the Troops were ciTibarkcd, b;u \'itii liu') i /ecijiiiation that they left their Mortar- Picce bchiad rh'.nn, with all rheir Utenfils for breaking Ground: And the next Morning theSquadion fet Sail, and ply'd to thcEafl- 'vard, with very blowing Weather. Two Davs alter which they Xx'.j the French Squadron to Witdward, which they fuppofcd had b- ded a Reinforcement on Guadalupe, and Captain Wright gave Chalc to fix Sail, among whoia '"as a Rear- Admiral; but they be- ing clean Ships, and his very foul, it proved to little Purpolc, fo that, after fomc Hou'-s Chalc, I-c bore up to the reft of his Squadron, and the next Day came to an Anchor under the Ifland Marigalmte. There holding a Confultation with the Captains, they came to a Rcfolution that, in Confidcration of a fuddcn malignant Dillcnipcr which began to rage, among the Ships Companies and Soldiers, that the hired Ships were very weak, that a French Squadron was abroad, and that they were thcmfclves in want of all manner of Stores, they fhould all proceed to Barbadoes, except the /infc/o/eindjcr- fey; which were ordered to take on board the Blue Regiment, and carry rhcm down with General Cndrington to Anttgoa, or where elfc he Ihould dircdt. Thither they accordingly let Sail, as the Commadore did with the reft of the Ships for Barbadoes\ hut ijliing Tick a Day or two after, as foon as he arrivctaiii //Vt7/'s Proceedings in thoic Parts. The latter End of OBoher the laid Captain Ralph JFren, who ttaitlicn in the A'cr^vfA, had Orders to take alio under his Com- ffiji!.! two other Snips of the Fourth Rate, the 'Diamond and ^lor- iium:, and upon arriving with them at St. Helens, he was to re- ceive nn board there one hundred and filty Soldiers, Recruits for thcDiikc of Bolton'^ Regiment then in the Leeward lilands. There were alio other Land Forces to be carried in Tranfporc Ships which, with Viduallers, and the Trade, he was to convoy [0 Bitrl/adocs, w here he was to rtay no longer than might be abio- lutci'v necclfary for the Rcfrcflinient of the Men, but to proceed to i„j}r„aicns to ik'Lerji'ard Illands. On his Arrival in the ll^cji- Indies , he Cd/-;. vvten. wai ro take under his Command che Ships following, z'/.c. the Mary., Mtdope, AJjijiancc, Platnpjhirc , and Jerjey, (thc.fiift being a Tliirii, and the reft Fourth R.ates) as alio the ^V. tPaw/ Firelhip, '< uc whereof he was to lend to Jamaica, in order to her convoying v.-z. Trade from, thence to England. lnvas particularly recommended to him {o to employ the Ships under his Command as that they niiglic beft lecure oui Plantations, and annoy the Enemy ; and in the Spring of the Year he was order- ed to return with them home. When there might be Occafion for any Enterpnzc at Laiid, he was to govern himlelf as Ihould be agreed by Criloncl Codringfon^ Geoeral of the Leeward Iflands, and a Council of War.; and m FiU- tcrprizes at Sea, he was to advife with them ; as he was alio to do duriiiij his Stay at Barbadoes with the Governo • and CcMicil ihcrc .; and at all fuch Councils of War wherein the Service of the Squ.idiTfO was requir'd, he was to prcfidc next to the Ijovernor, and three of the eldcft Captains of the Squadron were to have Votes a diole Conlukations. Thus was Captain IVren inftrudled, an(' ailing from Tlimouth (opt. Wren thetffelfth oilDecember, he arrived the fiv nth of the next Mouth :"'; ' '» ^ar- at Birbadoes ; but before he came to an ;hor, received Advice by a Sloop from the Governor, that nine . . neb Ships of War were leen to Leeward of the Ifland, and that t re was atnong them the Jfr/ey, a Fourth Rate of ours, which .id been taken Ibrne time berbre off of T)ominica. At Barbadoes the Commadore was Mn'd by the Antelope, .md ^lir], and there he learn'd that the Ajjlftance, Hampjhire, and ^I'Yaul Fircihip, part of the Ships that were to compofe his Squa* dtoii, were at the Leeward Iflands. The twenty third rhc Governor called a Council of War, where ^ ctmiU of it was agreed, that as foon as the Antelope could be got ready all ivar'.""" the Ships fliould proceed diredly tor Antigoa; but preicntly after this a Sloop arrives, which had been fent to Martinica with Prilb- ncrs, and gave an Account that the /Ww. . id eighteen Shipsof War in thole Farts, eight of them a(5lually cruiliag ofi" of Barbadoes, and N n n ^ the 1, . ; ! ■■H iJ'.ii ri ! Hi ■M\'i >! %\m '^ ^li' It, ilf: ' r,%. m |w ■■ i ' ;, apt. Wren metli ;i'..» //if I'lcndl iihipt. 46 o iSlavalTranfdciiom of the Engl i (h, Book IV. the rcfl fitting out witli all Expedition; lb that 0:1 the twenty fifth, ano- tlicr Coiuicii was afTemblcd, and then it was relbhcd that twoMcr. chant Si'.ips fhould be fitted, in a warlike n anncr, and that, wiih their Allillancc, tlie Squadron lliould attempt the Enemy. All thini^s being ready, and the Soliiier'; |Mit on [)oard, the Comma- dore failed the tlnrtietli oi Jaiiiiar'i^ and plied to Windward, havini' with him five Ships of \Var, befidcs the two Merchant Ships, miu two Privateer Sloops. He continued to crnifc five Days, but not finding any of the L- nemy's Sliips, returned to BarbadoLS-, and there another Council 0; War was held the fifth oi Fcbrunry., where it was deLermincd, \m fince the French werec;one oft' the Coaft all polfiblc Dilpatch IhoiiM be made in follow ini^ them; lb that the Squadron lailcd from Bar- badocs iheieventecnth oi February., the Commadore having before ' lent two Sloops to Martinicn, to make what Dilcovery they could, and then to join him at Antigou. But whcniic came oiX oi "IDefcada, ncdiX Guadalupe, hecfpicda confiderable Number of French Ships, which proved to be eighteen Men of War, two Firefhips, and about five or fix iniall Vefills ; a- mong which there were three of our Ships which they had taken, namely the Jerfey beforcmentioncd, the Ccf.ftant IFarijj'tck, and Alary Rofe ; and this Squadron was coramauded by the Count de Blanac. Captain JP'ren was obliged to bear down about fix Leagues to Lee- ward, in order to join Ibmc of his Squadron, and to tow the Mer- chant Ships out of Danger, mean while the Enemy followed him all Night in a Line of Battel, within Gun-lhor. At eight the next Morning lomc of our Ships had not a Breath of Wind, though ar the lanu- time the Enemy had a frefli Gale, and by that Advantage tour of them bore down upon \.\\q. Mary-, which Ship defended herlelf very well until the Commadore himlelf could come to her AfTiftancc; and at the lame time the Mordaunt, with one of the hired Ships, namely the England Frigate, were warmly engaged. The Commadore finding the great Dilproportion, as to Strengtii, and t!ut the Merchant Ships which were under his Care had taken the pro{>cr and uliial Methods for their own Security, he wifely pro- vided for the Safety of the Ships of War under his Command, by bearing away, but did it with lb little Sail, that he lecured the three Ships which the EiUemy gave chaic to, and anchored in Carliphy at Barbadoes the twenty fifth. B\ what ha'i been laid, the Reader may perceive what little Ulc the Enemy made of this Advantage, and that they contented them- Iclves with tryiilg an Experiment whether three of their Ships could beat one of ours, without cxpofing themlelvcs to what might have attended a general Engagement between both Squadrons ; for had they adtcd as they ought to have done our Ships could not poUibly have clcaped as they did. Captain //^>?/; dying Ibme t.me after, the Command of the Squa- dron fell, by Seniority, on Cap'ain Botckr, who witii part there- of iailed ircm Bar badocs the fourteenth oVJmi>i\ according to In iViudious They tn^a^c. J *i ■:; ' (h, Book IV. BchapIX. froi/i the Tcar i6SS, to 169J. 4^1 (lrudioii'5 f'om the Admiralcy, and arrived in England the eleventh ij, the reft being left to attend the Plantations. oiAu'i,ujt tullovvin.;, C H A P.- IX. MA'Comit of Adm'tral Runfll'5 eyigmhig the French Fleet of of L:i Hoguc, af/ri of what happened ttll the time of his coming on Jhure. HAVING thus given an Account of Tranfadions abroad, I re- ^limiraiKut- turii to the Body of the Fleet, of which Mr. Rufcl was again J^'!/„Trt'?» appuintcd Admiral, by CommifTion bearing Date the third oi'De- ammand the aider i')*;!. The grcateft care imaginable was taken to give the ^'"^ quickcft Difpatch to the Ships, ib as that they might be early out ; ' ^'' and on the twenty Cecond of y^r/7 he lent from the Buoj of the Km to the F/ats of the Foreland all Ships of the third and fourth Rate, and Fircfliips, as were ready, and ordered the reft to follow as loon as rhcy fliould be in a Condition fo to do : mean while Advice Boats were employed to 'T:''n Intelligence of the Enemy's Preparations at Br eft ^ and the I' k thereabouts. ^w Ralph T^elavall was Ibddcniy cxpcdied from Ca^i^; with the Notice ftnt u Squadron he commanded, and it was reported that the French de- I'^^x^f^fl^e /igiicdto endeavour to intercept him, and the 'Dutch Ships in their can of ihe e- PalTagc: To prevent which, Orders were lent to him the twenty "^^y in his ninth of February^ by the Groyne Packet-Boat , to avoid coming th!l"umhs. near Cape St. Vincent, and to keep fo far out to Sea as not to make Cape clear ; but rather to fail to 'Dingle Bay, the Mouth of the Shmon., or fomc other Port in Ireland thereabouts, the better to Uipn the Danger which not only the Ships, but the Efledts of the Merchants might be cxpofed to by meeting the French Squadron. Left thcic Orders Ihould not timely meet with him at Cadiz, there was the like Caution given by a fmall VcfTcI, which was ordered to cruile off" of Cape Clear, or thercaboutis, to look out for him, and her Commander directed to endeavour to gain Advice, and commu- nicate to him what he ihould be able to learn of the Enemy's Pro- cccdiiigs. And if neither he, nor Sir Ralph himlcif, could get any Intelligence, he was ordered to repair with his Squadron to Cork or Kmfale ; but both thei'c Orders milling him, he had the good For- t'l.ic to arrive lafe in the Do-wns the beginning of March fol- low ing. Ue arrivis in 'he Downs, zvithout meet- ing the [aid Aiivice. Tlicic was likcwiic at Sea, under the Command of Rear- Admiral Ciirur, a S4imdron of five Thid Rates fix Fourths, fix Fifths, one Rear- Admiral Sixth, three Fiiclhips, and other fmall VclTcls, with which he was S"h c.I// ordered the fourteenth of Jpril to fail to the Iflands of Jcrfey and -Jth a squa- (^nenifey, .;..u ihcrc taking on board Pilots, to proceed to and cruile ''''""■ on the Coall of France, near St, Alalo, fn the Space of forty cii'.ht J Hours, i6yi .. m 1 1 iW-H mi 4-62 NamlTranJatfioiiso} thcVw^W^, BqokIV ■ Chap. i i I- -A I !l The hijir,iCl> oni pvtn him. Hours, longer tlian which tunc it was not thoiii;ht convenient he fliould (lay, uiilcls he found an Opportunity of doing Scr vice. From thciicc he was to Ihctch away to Cape de la Havic and to ftand as near in towards Ifavrc du Grucr as he could widi Safety to the Ships ; and if no Service could be done there, to re- turn to Sfithcad^ if it Ihould not be found for the Security of the Iflands to centime longer ou t\\<: French Coaft, in which Calc the carlieft Advice that pollibly might be was to be lent of his Inten- tions. Thelc Orders w ere followed by others of the twentieth and twenty third oi April, the former dircding him to repair with j'l I'peed to the Flats of the Foreland, (for there was now Advice re- ceived that the French were preparing to come to Sea) and the o- thcr requiring him, in his Return, to keep the Enemy's Coaft on board, and ro endeavour to join the Squadron going forth with Sit Ralph 'Dclavall, but upon mifllng him to return to the ©o^^w. Notwithftanding the aforemention'd Orders, he was, on the fifth of May direded to cruilc between Cape de la Hague and the Kle ot lyight, and to endeavour to join the Body of the Fleet whcti it fliould arrive thereabouts ; which Orders were fent to him by Sir Ralph T)elavall, who on the twenty fourth of April received Di- regions from the Admiral to proceed to the South Foreland, with all the third, fourth, fifth, and fixth Rates, and Fircfliips, which were readys together with the Borab-VclTcls, and then puffing in fight of Calais, to flrctch away Wcflward along the French Coaft as far as Cape de la Hague, and there to fend the fmaller Ships as near in with the Shore as with Safety they might, to difcover what theE- nemy were doing at St. Valery, Tiiepe, and Havre de Grace, at which Places he was ordered to attempt any thing on their Ship, ping he fhould think pradlicable. Wnen he arrived as far Weft- ward as Cape de la Hague ^ he was to crofs over to the Ille of JVight, and finding no Orders there , to return to, and range along the French Coafl until he came off of 'Dover., where he was to call for Orders, bur if he met not with any there, to repair to the Flats of the Foreland. The Admiral caution'd him to keep Scouts out, to prevent the Enemy's furprizing, or palFing to the Eaflward of him; and if they came in fight, and he judged them thciu too f\rong, he was not to engage, but to retreat to \.\\zFlats of the Foreland, and lend immediate Advice to the Flag Officer there; and upon meeting Rear- Admiral Carter^ he was to take him under his Command. But notwithflandinc he was thus direded to return to the Flats of Foreland, when he haJ flood over from Cape de la Hague to the Iflr of Wight, other Orders were, upon t«nlwt Conftderation, lent huu the lame Day by the Lords of the Admi- ralty, to cruifc between that Cape and the Ifle of IVight, until he fliould be joined by Admiral Rufl'el, uulefs the Enemy came to Sea with a fiiperior Strength At this very time the Admiral himfelf had Inflrudions to fail with the Body of the Fleet, both 'Dutch and Englijh, and to place him- and to join the fclf bctwccn Cape de la FJa^ue and the Iflc of I Tight, in order to TuIdrL J°'" ^^^ Squadrons with Sir Ralph Delavall and Rcar-Adiiyral Car- ■■\Mrom. ^ ^^^_ 'Xht Admiral ordered to Sea with .1 I leel, l.cttcl be fixed 11 Pcrl'ons c(f to jrchor I tlicrc by t| However, r tht the gi| He, he pli conttary ri «'ho were without a On the I to the 7)«i| to weigh, difpitchcd 01 to leiiJ i be no Unc The nni h, Book IV J Chap. IX. from thcTcdr i6SS, to 1691. 4^3 tir' which Srarion was parricuhrly appoinrcil, upon ConfKJcrat inn flfal-Ctrcr t'min liim, wlicrcin he ikfircd tliar a certain Place might be fixed tor rhc laid Juiidtion, and Orders accordingly };ivcn to all Pcl'niis toncernc.i ; though it appears by another Letter, that rhc Admiral was of Opinion ir might have been more proper for him tdjrchor o{^ o^'^Deu^y Mcjfc, or Heachy Heady and when joined [licrcbv the Squadr iis, to have proceeded I'rom thence on Service. However, being Icnfibic of wliat Importance it was to the Nation tbit the '^rcat Sliips Ihoiild join the others as Toon as it was poffi- blc, he contrary plied it down through the Sands with a very Icanty Wind, "' I'^'iJ^^ivn : ro the Opinion ol' many of the OfTicers, and all the Pilots, 'sa^'j', 'J,,^ who were againft venturing lb many of the largeft Ships o^ England, "h ^rmt without a more favourable Opportunity. ^^'-J^- ""■ 0;i the eighth the Admiral arrived ofT of Rye, pafllng through j/,7r,u"//'/e tk'Do'^'iis without making any Stay ; and in the Eveinng he ILnt f'lon.jnrhir- mxk'Dfifch Flag-OfHcer (who was at an Anchor in thc^'Downs) 'J;" '" '^y"= tnweii^h, and make fail after him: And ncnv Captain Mecfe was ./ luadron difpitched with a Squadron of linall Ships in learch of Sir Ralph '"" >■• j""(h Tkk'^iilU carrying Orders to him to join the Fleet oK of Beachy,''^/^'/^]^ or to lend a Frigate with Advice where he was, that ib there might benoUnccrtainty of their meeting. The ninth oi' May^ about feven in the Afternoon, the 'Dutch Ships ioincd the Fleet from the 'Downs, and one of their Rcar- Adtniriils with the reft of their Ships under three Decks, was at Anchoroff of "D^v^^ Nefe ; Ib that a Council of War being called, both of En^lijh and Dutch Flag-Officcrs, they came to the follow- ing Rclblution. That confidering rhc Orders which had been given to Sir Ralph '^. ce:n,aL,f 'Dckv/ill, it would be moft proper ro remain with the Fleet in Rye ""'^ '" ' ' Iky forty eight Hours, for the more liirc and fpeedy joinnig him ; that aShip llinuld be forthwith fcnt oH' of Bcachy in learch of him, which upcndilcovcring his Flag, fliould make a Signal ro another Frigate lljtinncd between Beachy and Rye, that ib Ihe might give the like Notice thereof to the Fleet. But it was farther determined, Thar if ihc Wind blew hard Weftcrly, or Eafterly, it was in the firft cafe itioft cotivcnienr for the Fleet to anchor off of theiW/e, and in the litter, to proceed to St. Helen'&. Three Days the Wind continued Eafterly, but no more of the rhc vktt f.vis O/Cf/) Ships arrived which were cxpcded; and t>n the eleventh of ;"'j,!^,^',7rh %' tlic Admiral lailing from Rye Bay, he was join'd at St. Helen's ucUvaii j/../ M the thirteenth by the Squadtons with Sir Ralph Delavall and R'^r.AJ,>.r.ii R«r Admiral Carter, who had met each other tour Days before, Htk^r ^'' when rhe former was (landing over to the Ifle of Wight from Cape iekli^ue, and the other from St. Helen's in learch of him. But that all Delays might be prevented, the Admital had before dilpatch- cd a Frigate to x.\\c French Coaft, with Orders to Rear- Admiral Car- 'f to join him, and left Inftrutlions for all Ettglijh and Dutch Ships whi.h Ihould come into Rye Bay to follow him to St. Helen's^ that lo the Fleet might be entire. The 'I •; K-i'l '; f (■ • ( 1 ! r fi V ^■, ';i A I ::. ii iwi^rr 4^ + NavaITrni[fiiBwits of the Vx\q}\ ("h, liuoK IV ACunniot Thc fiitcciuh ot A/^^ 3 Coimcil nf War was callM ot' thcFb. '■ T/ 7,' ' 0^'-""''''> '1'^ *^*^'' ^I-'J'^l^y '^•'^' cnmmaiidcil, ami rhoii.-h ic was nnl {■■'r'cJj.'rM// nimnufly a-rcai tli.it tlic Fleet ought not to proceed Wcllwjrd of U H.u'iic- St. ilcli'u<, iititil there ii:niilil be certain Ailvicc of the Kncmy ; yet it was thought rcalonahlc to tail thc firll rair Weather to thc Coill of France^ near the Capes dc la lla^nc md llirfieur, and to con- tinue there four Days, if it iniglit conveiiiciuly be dr.nc, ami then to return to St. H;i(ccl uirfi their Integrity, they unanimoufly fign'd to a Paper, declaring there by their Itcady Zeal and Loyalty, which thc Admiral., ar that Re- queft, convey 'd to her MajeUy : And fince it is a JviOice duMo the Gentlemen of thc Sea to publilh thc Contents of the laid I'^pci, I ihall here inlcrt thc lame. viz. ThtrU^oai- " Wc your Majcfty's moft Dutiful and Loyal Subjcdh an,"-cr. (ir, an.ic'ap- ropoicd that fix or cighcl Frigates might hover about thc Coaft o{ Mormauds^ and that at the! lame time thc Forces inrcndcd for a Delccnt on France ilioukl cra-J bark, and be landed at St. Malo, while the Body of thc Fleet la/I > VVdl'Midl (C (( <( Chap. IX. from thc'Tc\.r i6S8, to 169-7. 4^5 \Vclhv.iril ot tint Place ro prorcd tlicin from the French: which fe thniiclH' ^vc'uld HOC only contribute to our Siicccis ou Ihorc, but ol);,;:.« tiic Kiicmy to couic to a Barrel at Sea, rather than he lure SpcvLwfS ol" tlie Invaficii of their Country. One pjrt of this Propoficiou was iminuliatcly approved of at Cfturc; ami that hitclligcncc might he had of the Enemy's Pro- iculiiigs the Admiral lent fix hght h'rii»atcs tor Ibrty eight Hours (,\\ oi Havrt de (jrrrre , and the French Coall thereabouts : '^''""" ''/"•'- And (iiice it was entirely lc(t to hnn to proceed m liich man- J.^^'," "^'/v',! mr as (hould bo agiccd at a Coufcil of War, he tailed on the ^io i.'t*ce. u^iucciith of Miiy towards the Coaft of France, and the Day af- ter, al)oiic three m the Morning, Cape Harjicnr bearing S.W. by S. dillatit about levcn Leagues, the Scours Welluard of the Fleet (which uirc rhc Chfjter and Charles (iallic;) fired ieveral Guns, which rhiFnmy't Sliipsui a ihort rime after coming within fight, made the Signal q f^^j"* "''/""■«"'■• (liluMcring the FMicmy, and lay with their Heads Northward; where- upon the I'lcct was drawn into a Line of Battel, and notice given torthcRear thercol to tack, that fo if rhc French (tood Northward, \ic might the looner come up aiui engage ; but the Sun having dil- pcrlcd the Fog loon after Four, ihey were leen (landing S';uMiwaid, tbnning their Line with the lame Tack which our Ships had on board;" upon which the Admiral caufed the Signal for the Rear to Tjck to be taken in, and bore away with his own Ship I'o far to Ler^iardf as that every one in the Fleet might fe'cli hi.sWake, or Gram, and then bringing to, he lay by with Viis I'. rc-Toplail ro rhe Mart, that lo others might have the better Opporruuity of placing tkmlclvcs, according as they had been before dircdlcd. About Eight our Line was indifTerently well formed , which '^J''/^''*^"/ (trctchcd from S. S. W. to N. N. E. the l^utch in (he Van, the Ad- iht'Z"^,^:- miialin the Centre, and the Blue in the Rear; and by Nine the E- ""»> ncmy'sVau had almoft llrctched as far Southward as ours, their Ad- miral iiid Rear- Admiral of the Blue (who were in the Rear) clofing the line, and their Vice- Admiral of the iame Divifion fcanding to- iiards the Rear of our Fleet. About Ten they bore down upon us uith litdc Wind, and the Admiral (who dill lay by with his Fore- Tnpiail to the Mart) oblerving that Monficur TourvtUe had put out liii; .Sii;iial lor Battel, commanded that his (hould not be (prcad un- til the French (who had the Weather Gage) were come as near as tlicy thoujj;ht convenient. At this time ki^mvuA Allcmondc ^ who commanded the T)utch Si]uadroi), was (cut to to tack, and get WcPward of the French as loon as any of his Ships could weather thcni and thole in the Blue (then at lomc dif unce artern) were order'd ^^ dole the Line ; but the Fleets had not been long engaged e'er it became quite calm, (b tlutthclc Dircd:ions could not poitibly be complied with. About half an Hour after Eleven Monfieur Toiirvili\ in the Royal i'l'", (a Ship of one hundred and ten Guns) brou-ht to, an 1 began tlieFiiiht with our yAdmiral, at the difl:ance of about three cj ters Musket (hot; in which Pofture he lay about an hour and hall ply- ^ his Guns very warmly, but then began to tow ofT in grea' Dil- O o o order, 11;! ■I' I '^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) .5^5^ 4^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 mm M22 ^ m lit 140 J^ 0%. / '/ s Kiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145E0 (716) •73-4503 I,. I ; 1 t. } 'i li I'iiii I I ^! 468 NavalTranfaBions of the Eng\i(h,BooYilV, ■ Chap-^. in Many inirt 1/ ihi Frrncli Shifii (if IVar burnt at Li Hogue. Iht Trench ship I tjcapt the Dutch ^tiiiniral and S;r Julin Adi hy, who jcin the hltet. Remarit upon the Ktjolitiion of the i'reiK'h in Itaring dozvn to en- Nighr, and about Eight the next Morning the other fcvcn were let on fire, together with Icveral Tranlport Ships, and fome linall Veil lels with Ammunition, wherein not only all the Officers, (amnnti whom the then Lord Carmarthen fignalized himfcif) but the Men behaved iheralelves with great Rcfolution and Gallantry. Thus at La Hague and Cherbomg were burnt two Ships of one liundrcd and four Guns each, one of ninety, two of eighty, four of Icvcnty fix, four of fixty, and two of fifty fix Guns, from which time, to that when Peace was concluded, in the Year 1697, the Ftcnch did not attempt to fight us at Sea, but contented themlcJvcs to prcju- dice our Trade by their fmaller Ships of War and Privateers. This Service being over, the Admiral iailed out ai La Hn^^iic^Siv the twenty fifth, and ordered Sir John AJhby (who was returned without doing any Execution on the other part of the Enemy's Fleet) to run with a Squadron of Englijh and T)utch along the French Coaft as far z% Havre de Grace, and to look out for Uiofc five Ships which he faid he had leen (landing Eaftward ; but cvcq in thi^ he had no better Succels than before. The Rclblution with which x.YiC French bore down upon our Fleet was not a little furprifing; fcr they were not above fifty Ships from one hundred and four to fifty fix Guns ; and I am apt to think it occafioned at firft Ibmc Jealouly among us : But, if lb, it was ,0011 blown over, for every one endeavoured to do what he was able. As for Monfieur Tourvilte's running this Hazard, 1 can attribute it ro no other Reafon than the pofitive Orders he had Irom his Maftcr to fight the Engli/h Fleet, which, had he thought fit, he might have avoided, even after we faw each other, tor he was iWcral Leagues to Windward : And, as I am credibly informed, when he called his Flag-Officers together, they did unanimoufly give their 0- pinions not to engage, but that he at laft produced an Order under the French King's own Hand , which fliewed them the NccclTity there was for their fo doing. Doubtlcfs thefe Orders were given him upon a Prcfumption that our great ShipSj and the 'Dutch, could not poflibly join Sir Ralj>h ^elavall and Kear-Admiral Carter's Squadrons (then cruifnig oa their Coaft) before he might have had an Opportunity of coming up with them : And, in truth, had not Mr. Ruffel (ailed from the River even at the very time he did, contrary to the Opinion of the Pilots, (as I have already obferved) the Winds which afterward? happened would have prevented his coming timely to their Alfid- ance ; (b that the Enemy might, in all Probability, have had equal, if not greater Succefs than we had over them : Not but that the French Court (by what means I know not) had (iich early Notice of the Jundion of our Fleer, or at leaft of the failing of our great Ships, that I could almoft venture to affirm the VefTel which Captain IVivell took ofT of Cape Barfleur, had Orders from the King for Monfieur Tourville, contradiding thofc pofitive Directions he had received for Fighting ; but the Mafter of the Vcfkl threw the Packet into the Sea when he found himlelf in danger of being taken. To I, Book IV. | Chap- IX. from theTear 1688, to 16 9-1. 4.69 To this may be added, that Providence couccrn'd itfclf for the Sjfciy of the two Squadrons beforcmcntion'd ; for fcvcral Days be- fore the grca» Ships join'd them, the French Fleet was got as far jiiio the Chanel as ofl" of T/imomh, but were forced into the Sea by a (irong Eaflcrly Wind ; fo that as they were thus prevented in their well-laid Dcfign, they were a Iccond time interrupted therein bvthc Conjundtion of our Fleet : And had they met with Succcls, 7^« ';'<'"»i tlic Forces which lay ready at La Hague, and the adjacent Phce5, 'f'u,l']l"^^^„,. TCuldnot have been long out of our Country ; though if, whca Jn'Jr'jOf".' iherc, they had behaved thcmiclves no better than in the Defence of""' "" '^"S- ilicir Ships when burnt, there would not have been much Mifchief '"'^' done; for notwithftanding their Numbers, and the Opportunity they ycfmaking Refinance, the whole Service was performed with the lofsof 110 more than ten Men, befidcs thofc who were accidentally blown up in one of our Long- Boats. And here it may be oWcrved, without Vanity, that although the ^'" ''"""y Confederate Fleet was confiderably ftrouger than theirs, yet were ^i':{'%j'J/,^ tliey beaten by an inferior Number : For, by rcafon of the Calm, ahhij,,. and the Thickneis of the Weather, it was not poflible for many of kT)utch Ships, or of the Blue Squadron to engage ; whereas had we been favoured with clear Weather , and a Gale of Wind, it is very probable that not lb much as one of the French Ships would hive cfcaped. Pollibly they, forefecing this, might in (bme meafurc be daunted, and [hit it occafioned their Retreat Ibone. than othcrwifc they would have done; but confidering with what Deliberation they bore down, and how warmly they ply'd our Ships, there was little Realbn to believe the Strength they difcovered baulk'd their Relblution, fmcc ^ they had their Matter's pofitive Commands to engage. Having thus given an Account of the Battel, and of what Sue- oifervathnt ccfs the Admiral himfclf had againft the Ships he chafed, I cannot "^''." '/!',''"„'' proceed without lamenting the Elcape of thofc which the 'Dutchy',7c\^Md\AJ- andour Admiral of the Blue were left to look after. 1 fhall not lay '""■^' "''•' *''" thelVant of Judgment, Diligence, or ought clfc to any one's Charge ; ^"''" ^^ '^^ butlince lb fair an Opportunity offered itlelf for dcftroying the moll confidcrable Part of the French King's Navy, fuch ill Succefs in that Afair was the greatcfl Misfortune to us ; for had a happy Pufh been mad', the maritime Power of France could not in this Age, what- ever it might in the next, have given England any great Diftur- bance. Bar fince all Hopes of meeting them were groundlefs, the Admiral ^*' f'«' lefolvcd to repair with the Fleet to St. Helea'Sy and that Determi- Hde'n'", ^'Jnd nation was happily put in Execution ; for fuch was the liidden Ex- thtreby 'tftapt tremity of Weather, that had the Fleet kept out at Sea they muft ^'^"y i"utch of the Line of Battel were now thought llifHcienr for any Service the remaining Part of this Year; for although it was probable that the Enemy might come out again,' and make a Flourifli, yet was there no great Realbn to believe they would cxpolc tiiemrcives to a fccond Danger in one Summer. Very fortunate it was for England that our Fleet did fo happily join; for no Iboner had Monfieur Tourville lent an Exprcfs ot his being on the French Coaft, than Orders were dilparchetl for the Ar- Order! ftnt my's embarking, which might have been done, and the Troops fafc- jor embarking \y waftcd ovcr to England \ for as their Strength was much lupcrior 'Torll^aX^n ^o ^hc Squadtons with Sir Ral}>h Delavall and Rear- Admiral Car. as their Flat tcTy lo couid they havc run no great Hazard from our Capital Ships, came iito ti.e j„ jcgatd they muft unavoidably have reraain'd Wind-bound imhc ciane. Riycr, had they not failed from thence the very Moment they did; or at leaft the Enemy might have hindered their joining the others. But the valuable Service of this great Man who ciroctually defeated the Enemy's Dcfigns (for which he was moft graciuuils; and in the moft obiiaing Manner, thanked bot*- by the King and Queen) was ib far from Icreenmg him from Envy, that it occafioned Icvcral Ar- ticles of Accufation againft him, but the Enquiry thereinto ended very much to his Honour and Reputation. The twelfth oVjune in the Attcraoon there came into the Fleet a Ketch from Tiartmouthy which met with a Privateer ailed the Cloudcjly Gaily, and had three Meu put on board her taken by the faid Gaily out of a French Snow. This Veffel was lent out to gain Intelligence, and then immediately to return to fuch Port in /V<»f? as fhe could firft reach, and lend an Account thereof by Exprefs to jhi Admit d St. Maloy her Mafter laid that there were at that Port the Vice-Ad- gcti Advice ot miral of the Blue, and twenty five Ships of War more, great and ^{^'^J; J,"/'.^^j fmall, including Firellups; that they had pretty well repair'd the Damages received in Fight, and watched an Opportunity to ecrtrom i7. Malo. The Fleet fails to I re vent their gelling into UrciL thence to Breft. Hereupon the Admiral failed from St. HeJen^ the fourteenth of June with fuch Part of the Fleet as were in the bcft Condition, and ordered Sir Cloudefly Shoveli to follow with the Re- mainder. His Dcfign being to keep to the Weftward of St. Malo, and, ifpofllblc, to intercept thole Ships in their Paftage from thence to Brcjl, or, when he came to a proper Station, to confuU with i the 1, BookIV. I Chap.IX. from the Tear 1 6SS, to 1691, 471 thcFlag-Officers what might be attempted againft them at the for- 0ier Place; and on the twenty firft he recc'ved Advice that all the Tranlport Ships were ordered to 'Fort/mouthy where it was iutend- (dour Forces ihould embark. He was of Opinion that the French Ships might get out of St. Mido and go North about, if they would venture on lo dangerous a Navigation, unlds he could anchor, and ride in Safety before that Porr, which he determined to inform himfelf of from the Pilots : But even if this could be done, he was apprchcnfive it might occa- fioD their drawing all their Forces to the Succour of the Place, and of their Ships, and that thereby our Attempt, both by Sea and Lind, woula be rendered more uncertain. The twenty fifth oi'June a Council of War was called in Torbay ^ countU »f of all the Englijh and Ttutch Flags, occafioned by the Advice »'ir m/w,"» the Admiral had received that all our Troops were ordered to Tortf '^''"'j"" " '*« mtth, and that her Majcfty would not give any Direiftions for the ^°""' Difpofalofthem, until the Flags, and General Officers of the Army had confulted, and tranfmitted to Her their Opinion. This Coun- cil of War took into Confidcration how the Fleet could fooned, and with mod Certainty join the Tranfport Ships', that (b it might be then debated how to attempt the Enemy at St. Malo ; and it was thought mod advifcable that a confiderable Part of the Fleet fliould be apjwinted to lie about fifteen or twenty Leagues North from the IkotBas for intercepting the French Ships fhouldthey attempt to pufli towards Brefl from that Porr, and that the Remainder Ihould fotikith proceed to Spithead, and join the Tranfports : But it was farther refolved, that if the Winds happened to hang Wcderly, the whole Fleet ihould repair to Spithead., or if Eaderly, continue in Wty in Expedation of the faid Tranfport Ships. The Eadern Parts of France were at this time in great want of NecelTarics for Life, as Salt, Wine, Brandy, and other Commodities, which our Cruilers prevented their tranfporting from one Place to another; for fome Ships lent to cruile off of the Fourn Head burnt agreatFlyboat of about four hundred Tuns, loaden with Provifions, aor could they have raifs'd of taking or dedroying many more, un- der Convoy of two Men of War, had they not precipitately har- boured themfclves in fbme little Places where they could not be at- tempted. The Fleet being now at Sea, the Wind came up at N. N. W. and m rUit »«. blew for a confiderable time fo very hard, that it drove them near M'^ '» • twenty Leagues Wed of Vjfhant, infomuch that feveral of the Ships yZu"'*'' received Damage in their Mads and Rigging. This Accident ferved is another Argument that the great Ships, and fuch Numbers of them too, Ihould not be ventured at Sea but where they might have Room to drive 48 Hours any Way, or let go an Anchor and ride ; for fix Hours with a Shift of Wind makes either Side of the Chanel iLecShore; and had not the Admiral luckily brought-to early in ihe Morning, it is likely a melancholy Account would have been given of the Fleet. However, this torm being over, he fafely ar- Thuf.imirai lived in the Road of the Ifland of Ciiemfey the third of July, where "^'^'^^'"^ i he Road. m 472 NavalTtvifffoctioiisofthc Englilli, BookIV. 1 1 1 |i 1 W' iSil 1 II i, 1 Part rf ihl Htci itni to dltrxe hf-v triAiiy ship w he was condrain'il to anchor, for the Weather being thick, the Pi- lots, (whole Judgment there was Realbn to liilpcdl) would not vcn- ture over to St. Ma/o; but that which gave the Admiral the great- eft Uneafiners was the Account he received Irom two Captains, who had long ufed that Trade, that there was not good Ground for more than forty Ships to ride ; lb that calling a Council of War, to con- fidcr whether it might be moft proper for the whole Fleet to go o- vcr or to lend a Detachment to view the Place, they came to the fol- lowing Relblution, viz " That part of the Hect Ihould proceed " ofT of St. ///7/i?, to inform thcralclves whether the whole, or what o/i'Maio."^" Number of Ships might ride there;" and accordingly ViccAdmi- ral Rooke was lent, in Company of Vice- Admiral C'al/emkrg, who commanded the 'Dutch Detachment. Our Court was at this time under great Uneafincfs left the French Ships ftiould get from St. Ma/o to Bteji, and therefore her Majefiy was very intent upon having them attack'd ; but although eight mia-^maicin ^^^^ wcrc advanccd m'Julyy the Tranlport Ships were not arrived at thti'ramports Tort/mout/j from the River ; and fince the French might meet with many Opportunities of getting out, the Admiral was of Opinion that the moft probable way to intercept them was by the Fleet's ri- ding in Camaret Bay, at the Entrance olBrejU if it could certainly be depended on that they were defigned to that Port. The Fleet was forced by bad Weather to Torbay^ where the Ad- miral impatiently cxpcdtcd the Return of Sir George Rooke-, and the rather, for that the late Winds gave him fomc Apprehenfions of him, efpecially when he confidered how dangerous that Goad was to which he was gone. Nor did he think nimfelf under a little Streight, fmce when the Fleet and Army were •joined, a Refolucion was then to be taken what fhould be done ; whereas it would 'nTt'd'eter- ^^^c been much more for the Service, had fomewhat been deter- mined in that Matter before the Juntiiion ; flnce if the Forces were obliged to keep the Sea until the Place for At^ion was refolved up- on, bad Weather might have expofed them to Hardfliips, and con- fequcntly render'd them of but little Service on ihore : And as for St. Malot it was reafonable to believe that half the Number of Men a Month before would have performed more than the whole Body which was now intended ; for as the Enemy's Fears were greater, k, doubtlefs, were their Preparations for Safety carried on with alipof- ftble Induftry. The thirteenth of July Sir George Rooke return'd from St. Malo, who (befides the Report he made of the feveral Soundings near that Place) gave the Admiral his Opinion, and Oblervations oftheCoaft JJ"." thereabouts, which may not be improper to infert in his own Words, viz. I. " The Ground is flat and even from Guerttfey to Cape Fre- " belle, fhoaling a Fathom or two every two or three Miles all the " Way over to the Cape. And it is alio generally cry roiajh, aad " in iome Places rocky, efpecially near Sefembre. 1. '* The Tides run very quick in the Othr.g on the Coaft of « St. Malo's; but to the Eaftward oi Cape Frehille, within three $ or (cming tf rortlmuutli. Jht rleet forcttitoTox bay. The Admiral wai under feme t'neafi- neft that it wai tRinti what 10 attempt with the Fones. Sit George Rooke re- turns from S/.M.iIo, and givei an count of the adja- nt Coafl. ^^^___||^^M ^— — *^™ ^ Wl Pill ■■! » II HUB I ■ ■ ■■ I ■■■■■II l^^UML—l— II— l_J-.J^— ^-_ Chap. IX. from theTear 1688, to 16^1. 473 or four Miles oi :he Shore, not above two and a half, or three Knots, at (pring Tides. 3 « There arc Ibmc faiidy Bays between Cape Frehelle and Sc. j%//s, but not very commodious for putting Men on Shore, bc- ciufc the Land riles in mod Places quick from the Strand ; be- lidcs the River of Ditiant (or the Ranee) mud be paflcd before they can come to St. Malo. I «• There arc about thirty five or thirty fix Sail of Ships rl^'d, ot which twelve lay in the Rancct and of them four or nvegreaC Sliips, the reft being up at Salidore. J " Not one of the Pilots would undertake to carry in any Ship oftt'.ir. or Firelhip, to make any Attempt on the French Ships ar S'. Maloy though I offered an hundred Pound Encouragement [0 caca Man. >/) 13. iCpi- G. Rooke. Xpn this a Council of War was called, and, as it was agreed, rht rUti fails titehat lailcd from Torbay the fifteenth, but Care was taken the {"fa^flB^^^- Diyktbrc to place Ships on the Coall oi France in the manner raUi pan of following. Cainain Xcvil, in the Kef/f, was fcnt with thirty Eaff- " " ft""''" lihvi 'Dtitc/jy ten Leagues North from the Weft End of the Iflc s^MafosAiw. of Pis: The yldventtire and Saudadoes were ordered to lie between Erthic and riic Scveit JJlands-, the James Galley and Greyhound be- tween the Seven Ifiands and le Bas; two 'Dutch Frigates between that ind the Foiirnc ; and all thclc fmall Frigates, as well as thofe wifli Captain Nevil were ordered to lie clofc in with the Shore. This the Admiral judged would more cfTedually impede the PafTage of jny tiling E: ftw'ard or Weft ward from St. malo ; and the remaining Flit of the Fleet cither lay in a proper Station, or cruifed to and fro, as Wind and Weather would permit. From rhc fourteenth to the eighteenth no Advice came from Cap- tain AVi//, lb that it was concluded xht French had not attempted to pulh Weftward from St. Malo with the Eafterly Wind, aiid it was generally believed that they would notftir till towards Winter, when wc could nor be lb well able to keep the Sea to intercept them. About this rime rhc James Galley brought into the Fleet a Priva- teer of Sr. Malo^ which the took olTof the Land's End, the Captain whereof rcpwrted, that Orders had been feveral times fent for dil^ ainiin;; the Ship^ at Brejly but that they were commonly contradi(^- ed 111 two Days after. This Privateer came from St. Malo the Day ktorc Sir George Rooke was off of that Port, and laid it was then intended that eight of their Men of War ihould winter there. Tiic eighteenth and nineteenth the Wind was Wefterly, with a y;,, y/„, ^,. c0nrinu.1l Fog, and the Admiral fearing it might put him to the turns toiox- Ej(},urdof Torbay, thought it moft advilcable to repair thither, ['»>'.<>«'<"'*" re he took in the Provifions, and thereby prevented the Incon- venience which might haveartended the vidualling Ships not timely joining the Fleet, had they put out to Sea jn Search of him. His In- P p p tentions I i''! A Cin!uUa- irjl ii,ia ll'i Xr»«j[»i li. 47+ NavalTr'^f/faBiofjsofthe^t\gVi(h, BookIV. — tcnrions were to get under Sail again as foon as pofTibly he cnii|j~ thar io he miglit relieve the Sijiiadron on the French CoaH, win i' was both in want of Provifions and Water; but before ho wasahle to lail, he received Orders from the Qiicen relating to tlic iX-Vrnr and on the twenty fifth of 7///y conlulted with the Englijh ami 'Dutch Flag Ofliccrs thereupon, by whom it was agreed in uhjt manner the Fleet might belt join the Tranfports; nnj that no time might be loft in improving this Affair to the bell Advantigc, rhc Avhniral lent an Exprcfs to the Du'^e oi Lp'mfter (aftcwarifsDukc SchotibereJ letting nim know, that if the Wind continued Wcftcrlv he wouldcomc with the Fleet to the T'anlports k Spithead, but if Eaftcrly, he had determined to remain lor them MTotbay. Hi ua« not a little Uncific at the Dtlay that had been made, for when ti.is M tn r had been under Confidcration io the Winter, it was rrli^lvto that ali ;hii j:s Ihcv.'u be icady in the ^Tonth ol May at far- tncil , ai.d had that been complied with, there might have been n uch moie Probabili y ofSucccls. But even at this time, late as it was, the General Officcr^ had no Account of the PofturcofAf. lairs at St. I^falo; nor wix there mdced any Rcfolution taken at Couit what the Forcib Ihould do when cmb:irked, othciwifc than thar it v\ as recommended to a Council of War (as I have laid be- fore) to confider what might be done ai Breft. However thcTranf- port Ships being join'd, a general Council was called the twenry eiijluii ot 7«/y, on board of the Preda^ where were prcfent the Ad- wual himicli, aud the i'cvcral PcrloQb lollowing, viz. A Council cf War of sij anil .' arifi Oj ficii > Kpin j '«;»j ilie 'J'l.iijfort ship I. Flag-Officcrs. Englijh. Sir Ralph 'Delavaliy Vice- Admiral of the Red. Georgi' Rookcy Elq ; Vice- Admiral of the Blue. Sir C/nudiJly Shovrll, Rear-Admiral of the Red. 'David Mitchelt Elq; firft Captain to the Admital. ^utch. Admiral Allemondey Vice-Admiral Callembergi Rear- Admiral Vandergoes^ Rear- Admiral Evert fen. Rear- Admiral Muys. ' General and Field Officers. His Grace the Dukeof Z,f/;//?^r, Lieutenant General of all the Force?, Earl of (iallwayy Six Henry Betlajife, Monfieut de la Melmiere, Six of all the Force?, / nei/ii'i '■I'ipt •It St. M.ilo .viih thilUit, iHwrv. I C hap. IX. from the Tear 1688, to 1691, 475 Sir David Collier^ Colonel BcveridgCy Monficur du Camhrtt Colonel Selwitiy Earl of /Irgytt. And fidcc 1 cannot better explain the Senfc of thofe Gentlemen^ than by inlcrting a Copy of the Paper which was figncd by them, I have done the lame as follows, vtz. " ThcMatter of burningthe Ships at St. M1/9 being maturely conft' « dcrcd, Vice- Admiral Rookes^wA Vice Admiral Gi//<'w^fr^( who were " litcly lent with a Squadron of Ships before that Port) reprefentiug " the great Difficulty of carrying the Ships in there, by realbn of the " Multitude of Rocks, and the Rapidity of the Tides; and the Pilots " rcfudug to condudl any Frigates or Firclhips into the Harbour, « bccaufc the Marks might be removed, it was the Opinion of the « Flag Officers, that it was not pradicable to attempt any thing a- "'""•'' f'f' " gainft the Enemy's Ships at St. Malos with any Part of the Fkcr, 7Zt',!,l7tl, " until the Town it Iclf could be ib far reduced by the Land Forces <■ as that the Ships might not receive any great Annoyance h m " the Enemy's Guns in the Attempt. And the General and Ficld- " Officers of the Army were of Opinion that the Troops could not " do any Service at that Place without the AfTidance of the Fleet. *' It was then confidered whether it was tcafible to make any At- « tempt on the Enemy's Ships at Breft; and although the FlagOf- They think it " ficcrs were of Opinion that an Attempt might be made therewith ll'J' H,'^' " lome Hopes of Succcfs, if the Summer had not been fo far fpent, //'"Breii,"!* " yet confidering the Winter was approaching, they did not think '^ i"'"^ '""f"* " it proper to attack the Enemy's Ships in that Port, fince the „""^ ''''''"'* " Fleet might be expofed to very great Inconvcniencies fhould they " be Wind-bound near that Place : And it was the Opinion of the " General and Field- Officers of the Army, that they mould not be " able to do any Service there againfl the Enemy, unlefs they could " beprotedted by the Fleet. The Flag- Officers likewife thought it " not fafe for the Fleet to attempt any thing againfl the Enemy at NoratKozho- " Rocheforty the Seafon of the Year being fo far fpent, and the ^"tt. " Place it felf lying (o deep in the Bay. •' It was in the next Place confidered whether the Fleet might ^'termmtd t» •' lie with Safety on the Coaft ofNormandyy to proteft the Army c'«//./ Nor- " in an Attempt either at Havre de Graces la HoguCy or any Place mandy t'opro- " thereabouts: And the Flag-Officers judged that it might lie with ^'"'Z*'^'*'^^ " Safety on that Coafl until towards the latter End of the next 7:mftuLri!' " Month, in cafe their Majefly's Service Ihould require it. Befides thefc Refolutions of a General Council of War of Sea and Land-Officers, the Flags thcmfclves came to the following De- fcrmination. ** That fmce the Tranfport Ships with the Land-Forces were come ^*' ^ttoffi. " to the Fleet, in order to try what might be done againfl the E- ""on'tia,'u» "ncD" either at St.MatOy Br eft y ot Rocheforty it was their Opi- '■"«'» '*«rMr " nionthat fomething might have been attempted, with probability {"7/Breft'#r P p p X Ofilochfott.' sir John Allv by /tni xviih 4 SquaihoH Id war ill lilt Ijlt of U4 » 47^ NavalTranfalhortsoftheV.ngVxfh, BookIV. ** of Succcfs, were not the Scalbn of the Year lb far fpcnt as not to " admit of the Fleet's going with Safety thither. Purliiant to what was determined the following Orders w*re given to Sir John -/1Jt}by. That he (hould lail with one Firft Rate, Six Seconds, Scvcnteeen Thirds, One Fourth, and Four Firclhips, togc. ther with Icveral ^utcb Ships, over to the Coaft oi France, and place himfcif about fifteen Leagues North from the Weft End of the iflc of HaSy and by ftationiti^ lomc of the Ships nearer to the Shore, endeavour to intercept the trench^ fliould they attempt to pafs trom St. Malo to Breft ; befidcs which, he was cautioned to look out carefully for any of the Enemy's Ships which might be coming from the Weil of France. Thus was he to employ himlelf until Tic re- ceived farther Orders, tor which he was direaed to lend to Dart' ntoutb by alt convenient Opportunities : And if he met the Squa- dron with Captain Ncv'tl, he was from them to encrcalc the En^lifh Ships to thirty, fending the Remainder to St. Hclcn\ with aVl'cft. crly Wind, or, if Eaftcrly, to Torbay, that lb they might join the Body of the Fleet. On this Service he remained as long as the Weather would per- mit, when coming in, without meeting any of the Enemy's Ships, and being at Spit head the fourteenth of Sept embers the Coilcdter of the Cuftoms at Cowes lent to him the Mafter of a French Tarim; which had been taken fomc Days before off of 'Portland. This Man faid that he tailed from St. Malo the fcventh Day of this very Month, in Company of a Vice-Admiral, and fixtecn Ships of War, from fixty to eighty Guns, together with fix Firclhips, which, by reafon of little Wind, anchored under Cape Frehelle, and remained there till the tenth, and then, at fix in the Morning, fail- ed with the Wind at E. by S. for Brejl. In fine, although upon the Admiral his parting with Sir John Ajhbyy it was agreed at a Council of War» that the reft of the Fleet fhould proceed to the French Coaft off of La Hogue, and thereabouts ; yet, in his Paffcgc from Torbay^ he received Orders from the Queen, whereupon he with the TranlportShips came to StMelen'Sy and there lay a confiderablc time Wind-bound, infomuch that the Winter- fealbn being very far advanced, the great Ships were ordered about to Chatham^ the Land-Forces put on Ihorc, and the Fleet divided into Squadrons, according as it was judged mod for the Advantage of the Service. Chap. , Book IV. M Cu?%' from the Tc/tr i 'S. f<7 i^^7. 477 ir fpcnt as not to tdcrs were given Firft Rate, Six Firelhips, togc. of France, and Weft End of the rcr to the Shore, npt to pafs from icd to look out be comine from ilcif until he re- o fend to 7)titt' ic met the Squa- rcalc the Etit^iijh ti's, with aWcli. r might join the ithcr would per- c Enemy's Ships, the Colledct of French Tartm, inland. : fcvcnth Day of lud fixtecn Ships ith fix Firelhips, »pc Frehelk, aad he Morning, fail* g with Sir John the red of the r La Hoguct and ; received Orders re- Ships came to bound, infomuch the great Ships ut on fhorc, and was judged mod Chap. M A p. X. .f/; Francis Whclcr'j Proceednigi with a Squadron ^ and Laud-Forces to and from the We(l-lndies, i i^px. IN the Month of November a Squadron was ordered to be got ready for Service in the IVeji Indies , which was compolcd of [HO Third Rarcs, fix Fourths, three Fifths, one Sixth, th'cc Fire- lhips, a Store Ship, an Ffolpital, and a Uomb-VefTel; about fifteen huihlrcd Sol liers being put on board of them, and luch Tranfports a5 ucrc particularly appointed for their Reception. Sir Francis tflklit was the Pcrlbn made choice of to command this Squadron, who received Inflrudions Irom the Lords of the Admiralty, dated the twenty fifth Day of the atbrclaid Month of November^ how to ffovcrn himfcif not only in proceeding to, but alio when he fliould be in the irejilndies., where he was at liberty to take under his Command three other fourth Rates, namely, the Norwicht *Dia- «?«(/, and Mordaunt ; but befides thefe Inftrudions, he received OriicfS from his Majcfty, direding what Places belonging to the Enemy he fhould attempt, and in what manner he fhouTd adt in Conjunction with the Land- Forces commanded by Colonel Foulkes. It was the beginning of January before this Squadron could be gotrcidy, and then theCommadorc failing, he arrived o(C of ^art- mutl) the ninth, having received Power (for the greater Grace of in Fx.icdition from which lb much was cxpedled) to put abroad [he li ion Flag at the Main- top-mad- head, as loon as he ihould be cut ot the Soundi/.'ps. ihc rwcnty fixtfi of January he reached the Ifland of Maderas^ rhis^uadrtn anlh',vin;» taken in Wine there for the Ships Companies, arrived in *''"^" "*^*' fo//.Vlhy ar Rarbadocs the firft of March following, where he wj- Joined by fevcral Ships which had fcparatcd from him in his Alouncil of War determined to make an Attempt firft on Mar- Rtfohtim t» t'viicn, and two Regiments were joined to about eight hundred Land- """'' ^^"' Mai provided at Barbadoesy commanded by the Captains ty^a/^fr, ""'"' iailhitlert Advice whereof was fcnt to Colonel C(»7. 4.7^ faine mind, as was Colonel Foulkes, p'ovidcd the Sqnadrca and Ar- my could remain there Tix Weeks, or two Monrhj ; for in lefs than that time i: was believed 't could not be cffetted, becaufe i.erc the Encaiy were as ftrong, or r«rhcr ftrong:r, than at St.Tierre. But Sir Funds iuformiiig them thit the King had pofitively ordered rhc Fleet (liould not continue in tliofo Parts longer than the laft of May^ and the Forces belonging to Barbadoes preffing very carncftly to be gone , he having rcfrelhed the Officers and Men , bent his C irfc to Mc'jj England y and arrived at Bojlon the twelfth of Sit Francis IVbelety according to the Commands he had received ffoin his Majcfty, propofed to S\x fViiliam TbipSy Governor of Ur^Englandy the going to, and attempting ^tebeck. But he ha- vini; not had any previous Advice thereof, which he (aid he ought to have had f ur Months before, fo as to have gotten all things fCidy ; and that Expedition requiring the Squadron's failing by the lirft ot "July, and a Strength of four thouland Men, at leaft, which very miich exceeded the prclent Numbers, that Affair was no longer thoii^Ii' of; ib that on the firft of July the recovered Men began to einbark , and the third ot Auguji the Squadron failed from Tk Coraraadore being dcfirous to do fomething, though in (b v?ik a Condition, before he made fail for England, proceeded to Kafouiidlandf and arri\ing at Tlacentia the cightccm h ^i Auguji, he was informed that the French were very ftrong there, not only in large Privateers, (for during the whole Expedition there was not any Account received of a Squadron of Ships of War) but that they had at lead two thouland Men, reckoning both Soldiers and Inhabi- tants. That the Mouth of the Harbour (which was not above a Ships length in breadth) was guarded by three Cables athwart, and allroiigForr, whereon were mounted more than thirty large Can- non, and pallifido'd to the Land i and that the neighbouring Hills ttcrcallc tortificd. Upjn t!jis he called a Council of War of the Sea and Land Offi- cers, and carncftly prcfs'd that the Land Forces might make an At- tempt ou Ihore, while the Fleet did the fame by Sea, and that fbme Soldiers inii;ht be taken from the Tranfport- Ships to aftift in the Ships ot War, which had not more Men than were fufficient to ply one Tire of their Guns. This was rejc(3:ed by the Land-Officers, there bdag eleven of them to fix of the Sea againft going in with the Ships to batter the Great Fort : However, he fent forae of the f'igatcs, and part of the Soldiers, under Command of Major i? o» i» 3. I. 3- I. II. 11, 40, II, 6, «9- Thus the Fleet, Englijh and Dufchf would, when join'd, have con- jlftcd of one hundred and two Sail, befides Bngancines, Bomb-Vef^ fels, and Hofpital Ships, whereof feventy were Ships of the Line of Battel; and although thole of the *Dutch, whicn I reckon ac- cording to Rates, (a Method not uTed by that Nation) are more or Icfs inferior to thofe of the Englijhy yet have I taken great care to mttlhal them together as near as thofe Differences would admit of it, The Day after the Fleet arrived at Sp'tthead, the Flag-Officers ^ c#<«/m- tookintoConfideration, purfuant to her Majefty's Commands, what *u^itinTth» Number of Ships might be proper for them to carry oflTof Breft^ s*»>i4*Breft. as alfo what might be attempted when there ; and it was agreed, that if the Fleet could be made up to Seventy, they would proceed to the faid Port, and endeavour ro attempt the French Ships; their Reafon for infixing on fuch a Number being the Uncertainty whe- ther or not the Ships from Thoulon had joined them. Another Council of War was called the fifteenth ofMajiy to con- ^'""*"" c<>»- fider how the Streighrs Fleet , with the Trade bouad to Turkey, ilut'finJing night mod fafely proceed under the Condudt of Sir George Rooke. forward tht Having debated this Matter, they were of Opinion that jf the Thou- J^"'"^' ""'" /w Squadron was come out of the Streights, and join'd to thole of * '" Breji, ten Men of War, a fmall Frigate, and a Firelhip, would be fuliicient for the aforeiaid Convoy, and that the leparate Convoy for Sfain ought to proceed with them, while the Body of the Fleet accompanied both out of the Chanel ; but that if the French were not joined, it was proper the whole Squadron (hould forthwith pro- ceed with their Convoys. On the other hand, if the French Ships were joined, and at Sea, it wis judged advifeable for the main Fleet to proceed with the Mediterranean Squadron as far as a Council of War might think proper when they Ihould be in the Soundings ; but that if no certain Advice could be got oi ih^Thoulon Squadron's Q^q q being 4-82 NavalTrarifaBio?isofthcEng\i{h, Book IV I cT^ The ,tJ'":'.iL fUtt ail I ■ 4 Tiirky Cvn- Pettimi'iati on :: 'jeii to f.lrl HI, I) '1 iir!-y Con voy. he being come out of the Streights, or where they were, before the Fleet failed from St. Helen'i^ the Mediterranean Squadron (that is to lay, ten Ships of War, a Frigate, and a Fircihip) Ihoiild rcmaia at St. //<'/r//'s until Intelligence could be gained. 7 he nineteenth of May the Lords of the Ad liralty (in Obcjj. tr,u,y'. ,p the j^ i^j,^ Majcfty's Commands) lent Orders to the Admirals m /(.r./i Q] Irjt , -ir" I ! J IJfJ- —•"■•mo lu A,h,mait^ ij co:ild he j'ec.i at Brcll. were £».( twenty but more wascallc concernit in danger It was dct to jo hd not WIS juJg the Alfift the Enera to ten ^ Much fDi% (lai Exprcfs a Monfieur Ships of Number ( ^^^lljgg!^. 1 C hap.XI. from theJear i^88, to 1691. 4.83 were Enfs^lijh, and twenty four *Dutch. There they arrived the ^*' ''["' "'■ nvcnty firft of 7««? in great Want of fcveral Species of Provifions, t,**' '" ^°'' but more clpcciaily Beer, Butter, and Chcefe, and a Council of War was called the twenty thitd, upon Commands from her Majefty, concerning Sir George Rooke, it being apprehended that he might be in danger from the French Fleet, as indeed it happened. Ic was by this Council determined to proceed lo Lisbon^ in or- Refoimion cj ,icr to join him ; but it was found, upon drift Enquiry, they had j'^,^*"""',''^ hid not Provifions to enable them lb to do. Neverthclels, fmce it /ff'r,htn(ii,r,t V.1S juJ^cd that the Mediterranean Squadron did greatly require "{ '>" '\^'^f the Aifiitance of the Fleet, it was refolved to proceed in fearch of f^"'^°'''/J^J^^ [he Enemy, if the Provifions could in fourteen Days be complcatcd to tcnWeclcs at whole Allowance. Much about this time Advice came from the Conful of O- AMce r,- prto, dated the ninth of JunCy that on the firft of that Month an ^"^"',fpj**., Exprcfs arrived at Lisbon from the Algarvc^ with an Account that il^^lln La- ' Monfieur Tourville with tht French Fleet, confiding of feventy five gos'i^J^ Ships of War, and feveral other Ships and VefiTels, in all to the Number of one hundred and fourteen, were come into the Bay of U^os, between Cape St. Vincent and Faro. It was faid that at firft they (hew'd Englijh Colours, and Ibme of them 'Dutch, and that h)'En^liJh Men fent on fhore, they pretended to be of thofe Na- tions ; but that next Day the Governor lending on board of the Admiral, he iufiuuated as if he had been forced in there by bad Weather, and that he intended to lail the following Morning ; though doubtlels his real defign was to intercept our Ships of War and their Convoys. Befides this Intelligence, an Exprels was lent to the Bifliop of ^Z- j;«rw, with an Account that the Count d'EJir^es was join'd with Monfieur Tourville, and that the whole Body of the French Fleet feem'd to (land off to Sea, in order firft to double Cape St. Vincent^ id then to proceed Northward : Befides which, there was Advice at Cadiz, that they had been dilcover'd in Lagos Bay the fixth of y««, in all about one hundred and twenty Sail, of which feventy great Ships, together with fixteen Firelhips, and fix Bomb Vefifels, and that twenty of them were cruifing Weftward. Thefe Advices reaching the Englijh Court, the Lords of the Ad- ThtAdmkait miralty fent Orders to the Admirals on the twenty third of June to J^^",^/"^*! diilribute the expefted Provifions equally as foon as it arrived, and f,tm tquaiiy to caufe each Captain to take on board what Water he could, inaC- '» '>" ^''•f- much as it was probable the Service might require the Fleet's con- tinuing at Sea a confiderable time ; and Direftions were given to theCommifilioners for Vidbialling to provide as faft as polfibly they could, and haften to the Fleet, what Provifions was then ihippeid off; for at that time what they had on board would not fuffice longer than is hereafter mention'd, according to the Computation made thereof by the Ag?r,- •'• xhe faid Commiffioners. The Brr j-d euv L/ Jugufl i6. r- ... , — . - Julyn, The i!i*: 484. NavalTranfaBionsoftheEnglifh, BookIV. The Beef would end by September 13. Pork Peale — Oatmeal Butter Cheefc Aufud 16. Sepumber 13. Auguft 16. Septembeni. September 13. Thiir Rcafons for net going with ihi lUtt 10 ihi Alfifl- anci of iir Georgfi Rookc. ihe French elect frjl d\f- cozered in La- gos Bay ly Sir George ftooke. The fir ft oijuly the Flag- Officers fubmitted it to her Majefty whe- ther it might be advilcablc for the Fleet to proceed to Lisbon, for that if the French were join'd, and (ail'd Northward, the Coall of England would be cxpos'd to Infults. That which had before in- duccd them to propoic going thither, was for the Security of Sir George Rooke and the Merchant Ships, and proceeding with him farther, or accompanying him home, as it ihould be thought mod proper : But fiuce Orders were fcnt to him to return, ic would be very uncertain where to meet him ; befidcs, they were of Opinion that her Majcfty's Orders to him being very full, there was no oc- cafion for the making any Additions thereunto, fince he was by thole Orders direded, if he found himfelf obliged to go into the River of Lisbon^ and that he received certain Intelligence during his Stay there the Thoulon Squadron had join'd the reu of their Fleer, and were gone together Northward from off the Coaft oifonugal^ to leave '*, proper Nunber of Ships, both Englijh and 'Dutch, to proceed up the <;reights with the Turky Trade, and return himfelf with the reft, and join rhc Body of our Fleet in thefe Seas, but not meeting them in his Paffage, to repair to the Port of Tlimouth, and there cxpcd farther Directions. Thele Orders being not lent away before the third oi Juney they could not poflibly timely arrive; for he being the feventeenth of that Month about fixty Leagues ihort of Cape St. Vincent, he thence ordered the Lark^ a nimble fixth Rate, to ftretch ahead of his Scouts in Lagos Bay, and get what Intelligence could be had there of the Enemy ; which Ship haviiog the Shore on board in the Night more than the reft of the Fleet did, ihe lay becalmed. Next Day the Scouts difcovered two of the Enemy's Ships, and giving chaie until fomewhat after Noon, the Chatham^ of fifty Guns, came up with one of them mounted with (eventy, and engaged her a fmall time ; but ieeing eight or ten Sail under the Cape, liie left her, and repaired to the Admiral with an Account of what had been dilcovcrcd. Hereupon a Council of War being called, where were the other two Flag-Officers, namely. Rear- Admiral //(J/'y&«, and Vice-Adffiiral Fandergoesy the Admiral propofed keeping theWind, or laying by all Night, that fo aDifcovery of the Enemy's Strength might be made the next Morning : But in this ihe was ovenulcd, it being ucg'd, that as the Wind was frcA Northerly, ic gave a fair Opportunity of paihing for Cadiz. The Admiral being apprchcn- five that fuch an Attempt might prov€ of ill Confeqticnce, by draw- ing the Fleet into a greater Force of the Enemy than he could be able to difengage himfelf from, tho^ht it requiiite, before the Re- fult of this Council of War was Cgned, to call to him five or fix of the m fli,BooKlV. I Ch ap. XI. from the Tear i^88, to 169^. 485 thcCaptains who happened to be then on board, whofe Opinions being asked, they all concurred in what had been before rclolved ; II) that making fail, he ran along Shore all Night with a prcfs'd Sail, and forced levcral of the Enemy's Ships to cut from their Anchors in Lagos Bay. Next Morning, by break of Day, being off of FilJa Nova, it fell calm, when about ten Sail of the Enemy's Ships of War, and Ionic other fmall ones with them, were fcen in the Offing. Thole ''j"" shi,-; cj Ships ftood away with their Boats ahead, felting fire to leveral, and L(////7w!r« ' ' ~ ' ' ' ' ' ' to draw mr abandoning others of the fmallcr Veffels fomc of which fell into our Hands, and in one of them there was a Train laid which blew HB twenty Men. A Firclhip of theirs was alfo taken, by falling in- to the Fleet in the Night, and the Men belonging to her informed the Admiral, that the Squadron confided of no more than fifteen Ships of the Line of Battel, but that there were three Flags, namely, Monficur Tourville, Monfieur Villet, and Monficur Lemon ; and that they had with them forty odd Sail of Store- fliips and Merchant Men bound to TImtlon, or to meet Monfieur d'EJir^es. They faid alio that the Squadron had been becalmed ofTthe Cape, and that hiving watered in the Bay, they were bound diredlly into the Strcights, without any Intention of leeing our Fleet. This, with the hafty Retreat of their Men of War in the Morning, and the de- ferting and burning their fmall Veffels, caiifed a perfect Belief in the Admiral, and the reft of the Flag-Officers and Captains ; but after- wards it was judged (and with Reafon too) that the precipitate Re- treat of this little part of the Fleet (unlefs they were at firft lurprizcd, and judged our whole Strength might be together, from the Number of Merchant Ships) was on purpolc to ammc us, and thereby draw our Squadron inienfibly into the Body thereof About Noon the Sea Breeze ibrang up at W. N. W, and North- Weft, when the Admiral bore away along fliorc upon the Enemy, difcovering their Strength the more the nearer he came to them, and r/.f n-,:. s.jii.hiron uitu thitr Ui.l). any I at Jaft counted about eighty Sail , but the Number they ply'd up difcovire.i; to him with was not above fixceon, with three Flags, vi^. the Ad- a»,i fixmn mital, Vice-Admiral of the Blue, and Rcar-Admiral of the White ; l^l'^f.fJl' for the Vice-Admiral of the White ftood off to Sea, that fo he might ^^.y^X weather our Squadron, and fall in with the Merchant Ships, whilft the Body of their Fleet lay promifcoouily «> Leeward of one ano- ther, as far as they could be feen, efpecialiy their bi^cft Ships. At Three in the Afcernoon our Squadron being within four Miles The nutch of the Enemy, Vice-Admiral Vaudergoes brought to, and fent to Sir ^^l"',„fr'l'f QmpRooke, letting him know that he was then fenfible of the ,''4^';";f;»! "' Deceit, for that their whole Fleet might be difcovered, for which realoB he was for avoiding Fighting, if pofliblie, being iearfitl that not only many of the Merchant Ships would be loft, but that an Engagement there might certainly occafion the Ruin of tfec whole. Tlie Admiral judged he was advanced too near to think of a Retreat, and therefore, before the Receipt of this Meflage, he had rdblved to pu(h for it ; but refledting afterwards upon the Inconveniences he might expofe himfelf to by engaging, and thereby hazarding the Lofs 486 NavalTranfa^lioffs of the EngUfh, Book IV. Sir George Kookc thtri Mfon fljtiJi of The Off^rlH- wi/y our Ships had to efcapt, by the Hnt- tny'i folLitv- ing fomt Dutch Siii^t into the ihore. In what man- ner the Sqi4a- dron and Merchant Shift wtrtfc fanted. Lois of the Squadron, contrary to the Opinion and Advice of the T)utch Flag-Officcr, he brought to, and ftood off* with an cafic Sail that fo the Tiutch^ and the heavy Ships might work up to Wind- ward, fending at the fame time the Sbeernefs with Orders to the Iraall Ships which were near the Land, and could not (as he judged) keep up with the Fleet, to endeavour to get along Shore in the Nignt, and lave themlclvcs in FarOt St. Lucatj or Cadiz. The Admiral and Vice-Admiral of the Blue, with eight or ten of the Enemy's Ships fetched very fiift upon our Squadron, which obliged them to make Sail ; notwithllanding which they came up with the Leewardmod about (ix a Clock, wnich being two or three 'Dutch Men of War, and fomc of their Merchant Ships, they (foou after rhcy were engaged) tack'd and ftood in for the Shore, as the Enemy did after them, thereby giving a fair Opportunity to om Ships which were to Windward, and ahead, to make their Efcapc. The Admiral ftood off all Night with a preft Sail, having a frelli Gale at N. N. W. and on Sunday Morning fifty four of the Mer- chant Ships, with feveral Men of War were about him, but of the latter no more than two of thofe belonging to the T>utcb, and one Hamhurgher, five Sail of the Enemy's Ships being to Leeward, and two to Windward, which laft kept Sight of him until it was Nighr. Next Day the Admiral called the Officers of the Men of Waraad Merchant Ships on board him, to inform himfelf from them what Account they could give of the reft of the Fleer, and to advifewhat Was beft to be done for their Security. Some of them faid they faw forty or fifty Ships bear away to the Southward, about Ten on Saturday Night, and that among them were the Monk, and a Dutch Man of War of fifty Guns, and there was great Hopes that the Chandojf Afia^ and feveral other large Ships bound to Turky were fafe, becaufe the Admiral's own Ship was the Leewardmcft of the Fleet on Sunday Morning, and that now there could be difcerned no more to Leeward than dyt French Ships which were ftandiogaway towards Cadiz. But one of the Mafters of the Merchant Ships was for looking towards the Streights Mouth ; the reft were poiitively againft it : Some inclin'd for Lisbon, others for the Groynct but vm for Ireland \ fo that the Admiral determined to fteer away either for Cork or Kinfale, the two principal Ports in that Kingdom. With great Art the Enemy drew our Squadron and the Trade in- to this Misfortune ; but had they purfiied the Advanti^e with as much Condudl and Reiblution, not a Ship could well have efcaped; for the Admiral and Vice-Admiral of the Blue were within Shot of Sir George Rooke when they tacked and ftood in to the Shore after the 'Dutch ; which tacking (as I have faid before) faved the reft of the Fleet. Having given this Account, it may not be improper to iofbrin you how the Fleet, both Ships of War, and thofe of the Merchaots, were by this unlucky Accident feparated, viz. 1, BookIV. I Chap XL from the Tear 1 6%^, to 1691. 487 iproper to inform o( the Merchants, Englijh Ships of War. Royal Oak, Breda, Monmouth, Lion, IVooliji'lch, NeivcafUc, Chatham, Tygi'r 'Prize, Vimley CaJiU; Tnnccfs Anne, Loyal Merchant^ Lark, Salamander, 'Difpatch Brigant'tne, Speediz'ell, .,. „ Vulture, ;t'^cfh.ps. Mufcovia Merchant, Storclhip. Sufannah, Bomb Storcfhip. Monk, All thcfc were with the Fleet .when the French ftood m towards the Shore. , Sheernefs, Smyrna Fait or , cBorc up with the Chandos, \Afia, he. Tack'd and ftood in for the Shore with the Merchant Ships. "Dutch Ships of War. Captain General, Quelderland, Oojlcrflelling'vjerfey De Brfiermer, "I Thcfc were alfb in the Fleet. c Were already gone Convoy to M)forto and St. IJ^Vjaudfo /forward for Cadiz. NimmcgeJi, Ztelandt, T>e Hadt Medezel, Schiedam, Merchant Ships in the Fleet. George, Coucordj Crozvn, Aleppo Factor, Reward, Phxnix, Merchants Goodwill, Lambeth, 'Poplar Frigate, Terra Nova Merchant, rOorc up with the Chandos, XAJia, he. C Tack'd and ftood in for the < Shore, foon after the Enemy C had reach'd and cngag d them. CSound to Smyrna. 3. Bound to Scanderoon. Bound to Mejftna. Bound to Gallipoli. BouQd to Alicant. Hunter, 488 NavalTranfaEliansrftheEnglifhy ^oomlV, ■ Chap Humter, Relief., Sarahf George^ Fidelity, Etiglijh Merchant ChandoSf ItaJisH Merchant, Mary, Jofefh, Loyalty, Jacob, Trofperons Africa, Ruby, Golden Frigate, Great Tunijeen, Three Brothers, Sufanna, Oxenden, Merchants Goodwill, Fritndfljif, Succefs, Malaga Fallor, Benjamin, Frog *Doggar, Sarah, John and Samuel, John and Thomas, ^Bound to Cadiz. Bound to St. Lucar, Ships mifling. » Bound to Smyrna. j-Bound to Leghorn, Smyr- j$a, and Scandroon. Bound CO Scanderoon, .Bound to Venice. Bound to Tunis. 1 Bound to Alicant. Bound ro Mejftna. Bound to Barcelona. Bound to Malaga. > Bound to Qadiz. Bound to St. Lucar. sir George Rooke frt' cuds t» Ma- AU the 'Dutch Turky Ships were miffing. All the Hamburgher Convoys were miffing, except one Man of of War and one Merchant Man, the other Ship of War failed to St. Vbes. After the Admiral had difpatched the Lark to England with an Account of the Difafter, he bore away with the Fleet to Madera for Water, where he had Hopes of meeting fomc dera r* u'4/'' Miftcrs at laft funk them. The Difputc between the City and the French laftcd about fix Hours, but they did no great Damage one to the other, nor were there above eight or ten Men killed and wounded on Shore. After this the Enemy returned down the Streights and anchored in the Bay of CdiZt where thev were lb far from doing Mifchicf, that at the j, ,;,,, ^^. Dcfue of the French Admiral (for there was no need of Compul- pair lo chIl fionj the Governor of the Place gave him a handlbrac Prcfcnt of ^'"^^ •"''' "• Refrdhmcnts. The lame Afternoon they lent away all their Prizes "!m',^fil',i'' to Thoulon (being about eighteen) under the Convoy of two Men ii" ^'"■'■virmr. of War, and detached about fourteen Ships, and two Bomb-Veflcls ihcydetacht toward Gibraltar^ in which Bay they arrived the eighth in the H'«"t">n »» Morning, within Gun-lliot of the Fortifications, which together with ^"''''''"• the Mold and Ships' fired on them all Day, but they made no Re- turn. Theelcventh in the Morning Captain James Littleton of xha Smyr- na Factor, fent from her, and icveral of the Merchant Ships, about ninety Seamen, to enable the Maftcrs of thofe four which were bound for Turky to defend themlclvcs, on whom the French fired, and fent in one of their Frigates to attack them ; but the warm Re- ceptiouflic received loon obliged them to relaic her with their Boats ; Dot but that when the French began to fling Bombs into the Mold, thofe Mafters (as the others had done at Malaga) boring Fioles oury.erchant in their Ships funk them, and thereupon the French retired to La- Sr Mafi'n gli Bay. andth.l 'the Itisnccdlcls to fpcnd more time in attending the Motion of the £»"»> "Mr /v-w/j Fleer, or in relating the mighty Feats they did, by throwing '" ^'B"**"?- sway fomc Bombs on other Ports in the Streights in their Pafiage to Thoulon; and therefore I Ihall again return to the Body of our Fleet at Home, which could by no means have arrived time enough to tbc AlTiftaucc of Sir George Rooke., had they had fufficient Provifi- R r r ons. Hlu'^w 1 ' Id ' ■ iHlH'i; h HV 11'' 1 490 Nav^ilTrafifaBmisofthclt.{\%\\n\, BookIV . , , ^ _ ^ ^ ^ • ons, anJ ait other thhigs neccfTary But fincc there was an abfo. ^ Cnin(,t,-t lute Ncceinty for their goini; to Sea, a CouikiI of the Hjg Officers tur eiUtdti was called the ninth ot Juiy, hy whon.' it was rcloIvLt) to proceed 'r£iV»7 '^°"y l-cagues S. W. from VJhant, and ti-.rn to confi.tcr whether ic f'Hr Flat. mij^ht be moft proper to remain there, or to remove to lomc other Sta- tion, for intercepting the Enemy. To put this in Kxccutinn they at- tempted tolail the eleventh, but were forced back by extreme baj Weather, which did confidcrablc Damage, and many of the Ships loft their Topraafts and Anchors. The Misfortunes of the Merchant Ships with Sir Ccorge Rooke had not long been known at our Court, e'er feveral Qiicftions were lent to the Admirals by the Lords of the Admiralty, with Relpeft to the Time and Place of their parting Irom the Squadron, and their not endeavouring to gain lutelliqencc at Btcji^ i^c. but they adhering to the (cveral Councils of M^ar which were held upon that Subjcd^, the whole Matter ended with fbme Examinations before the Houfc of Commons. The n^lory, 'Dutchefsy Suffolk^ Offory^ and Elizabeth, which wanted the ereateft Repairs, were fent from the Fleet to Chatham^ towards the latter End QiAuguft, but it was ordered that if any other damaged Ships could be made fit for the Sea in Torbayy they Ihoold be immediately gone in hand with ; and at this time all the Huuh Ships were in a tolerable good Condition, except that wherein Vjcc> Admiral QalUmberg bore his Flag ; but the Winter Seafoo being fome- what advanced, the A inirals received Orders the twenty filth to ihi AimirnU comc With thc Flcct to St. Helen\\ where being arrived, the four FUt'tTJ'st''" Regiments which were put on board, for thc better manning them, Hdeni, and wcrc landed at 'Portfmouth, and the Ships with three Decks fent to th,grt»ii>hifs Blackftakesy except four of them, the St. Andrew, St. Michtely r. 1 1,. jsieptuney and Vanguard^ which were appointed to be fitted at thc laid Port oVPort/mouth; and on the nineteenth of September fifteen 'Dutch Ships of the Line of Battel, with two. Frigates of thirty fix Guns each, were ordered by his Majcfty to Holland, fo that the Body being now Icparated, it was determined that one Second Rate, feventecn Thirds, Icven Fourths, on-: Fifth, Ibven Firclhips, and two Hofpital Ships ihould be the Winter Guard. Chap. XII. y^n Account of Sir Francis Wheler'y Proceedsngi to the Mediterranean, to the Ttme of his unfortunate Lofey and what happened afterwards. I IR Francis iVheler being appointed Admiral and Commander _) in Chief of the Squadron defigned for the Mediterranean, I lall now give an Account of what pafTed in thole Parts daring his time, and after his unfortunate Lofs, under the Conduct of Rcar- J Admiral ftnt tt ClU' tbam. 1, Book IV | Ch ap.XIL from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 491 Admiral Nevi/t until Uich time as he was joined at Cadss by Admi> jilRiifd with the En^itjh and 'Dutih Fleets, He was dircdcd by the Lords of the Admiralty, by their Or- (Ictjbearing Date the twentieth of November, to proceed to Cadiz, vmh (Ixtccn Third Rates, Icvcn Fourths, one Fiftn, one Sixth, fix firclhips, two Bomb-Veficls, an Hofpital Ship, and a Storelhip, in Company ot Icveral 7)«/f A Ships ot War appointed to join him, ""i^ ' "I"* jnil to take under his Convoy all Merchant Ships bound to t'u*hiJ,lfuoi,',''*' ot any I'ort in Spain or Italy. If he arrived at Cadiz before the Spanijh Plate Fleet, he was to cruilc in iiich Station as (hould be agreed on at a Council of War, not exceeding thirty Days, to lecure them in their Paffauc ; and when the laid Fleet came into Port, or if they did not fo do with- in thcaforciaid time, he was to proceed into the Mediterranean with Icveii Tiiird Rates, as many Fourths, one Fifth, one Sixth, four Fircftips two Bomb-Veflcis, and the Hofpital Ship, and Store- lhip, together with the Tiutch. The reft of the Squadron he was to leave at Cadiz, with Orders to the icnior OfRcer to remain one and twenty Days there, and then to return to England with all the Trade that Ihould be ready to accompany him ; and if the Spanijh Ships of War arrived at Cadiz before Sir Francis IFheler's Depar- ture thence, he was to concert with their Admiral where to join him at his Return from convoying the Turky Trade. He had particular Inftrudlions what Convoys to (end to Turkyy and to other Ports up the Strcights, which he was to accompany as high as the Chanel of Malta ; but was cautioned (as ufual) not to block up any of the Grand Signior's Ports, and if he took any Ships wherein were the Perlbns or EfTedts of that Prince, or his Subjeds, he was ordered to fet both one and the other on Shore at the firft convenient Place. When he had thus fent forward the feveral Convoys, he was to rctura with the Englijh and Dutch Ships of War, and join the Sfmijh Squadron, and with their AlTiftance to endeavour to annoy the Eaemy, and protedl the Trade ; and when he judged the Tur- ky Convoys might be on their Return, he was to repair to the ap* poJDted Rendezvous for joining them, and accompany them to Eng- land, bringing with him the leveral Trades from the Ports in the Streights, zm Cadiz. He was alfo farther direded, when he fliould be in the Mediter- rman, to fend two or three Ships before Algier, Tunisy and Trl- pli, to confirm the Peace with tnofe Governments) and to deliver his Majcfty's Prefents to them. From the twentieth of November to the twenty feventh of the j^pj following Month he lay at St. Helen's, before which time all things necclTary for his Voyage could not be, or at lead were not, in a Readinefs, and then he failed, leaving behind him two or three of of the fma'ler Ships at Tort/mouth and Tlimouthy to convoy the "'Jfll l^f Storefliips and Vidhiallers after him. clnvl", /" The twenty ninth in the Evening he took his Departure from the Portugal. Land, being joined by moil of the Ships he had left behind, and R r r X alfo '1 !. m-wi 4^ 2 NavalTra/ifatltons of the Englifti, Book IV. alfo the ViiStuallcrs from 'Portfmouth and Tlintouth, and the fourth of the next Month, near the length of the Northward Cape, he ap- pointed a Convoy to the Ships bound to Oporto^ and other Places thereabouts. Two Days after he fcnt ir. with the Lisbon and St. Vbe\ Ships three Third Rates, two Fourth Rates, and a Firclhipj being informed that there were five Sail of the Enemy cither oil' of the Rock of Lisbon^ or Cape St. Vincent. The thirteenth at Night, as he was (landing E. by S. the Wind N. by E. about ten Leagues from Cape St. Vincent^ he law ibur bi ' Ships, and nnmcdiately made the Signal for Ibme of his Sqnadrou to endeavour to fpeak with them ; but they bearing away, and ic being dirty Weather, ours were called off, to prevent lofing Com- pany. Next Morning he dilcovered fix Sail aftcrn of him, about fcven Leagues N. of Cape Sr. Vincent^ for which he lay by with iittk.Wind, that fo, if they were fomc of his own Number, they might come up, or if Enemies, give an Opportunity to his Ships to get together. The Wind was crntrary the fifteenth at Night, but it veering about in the Morning to the N. N.W. he made fail, and prefcntly iaw four French Ships of War, one of them larger than the others, about three Leagues to Windward of the Fleet, near Lagos, and two more at a didancc under the Shore. This induced him to command all the Merchant Ships to bear down to Leeward of him, for their better Security, and he ordered Vice- Admiral Hopjbn, and five Sail more, to chalc to Windward ; but the Enemy's Ships being clean, and at a confiderablc Didance, there was no coming up with them. Ruir-Admi- A Council of War determmed that Rear- Admiral Nevil, with the in^uTflV'"' /^ytf«, for returning from Cadiz w Eng- land with the Trade, after he had ftaid a certain time there; but before he could leare that Place, the Governor thereof received an . Order h, BookIV. I Chap.XIII. from theTear 1688, to 1691. 45^ Order from his Catholick Majefty, diredinc him > - give an Account to the Captains of the Engltjh and 'Dutch Ships of the Motion of [he Enemy, to prevent any Surprize ihould they leave that Port : However, the Vice- Admiral having a fair Opportunity, failed with his Convoys, and arrived off of the Land's End oi England the fifth ofy//ri/i694. Rear-Admiral Nevil had alfo Advice at Cadiz, that on the fourth of ///ly there pafled by GibraltaVy to the Eaftward, a Fleet of fifty three Sail, thirty five of which appcar'd to be large Ships, but that not any of them Ihewed their Colours ; and this was the Squadron oidered from Brefl to join that at Thoulon, which had been fome time before within the Streights, and burnt iowiSf>aniJhMei\ of War in their Paflage to Barcelona with Soldiers. The Spaniards about this time had a Defeat in Catalonia ; and in the beginning of June the Duke of OJfuna was ordered from Court, with Power to fit out the Galleons at Cadiz, that do they might join our Forces ; but he died on the Road, and, as fome thought, not of a natural Difteraper. Thus ftood Affairs in that part of Europe ; but foon after, Ad- miral Rttffei, with the mod confiderable part of the Fleets , both Enilljh and 'Dutch, then in Pay, arrived at Cadiz, after he had left the Lord ^^r^f/ey, Admiral of the Blue, with the Remainder for the Expedition againft Breji ; an Account of whole Proceedings, ftom the time he failed from St. Helen's, as alfo of the ill Succefs our Forces had in the Attempt they made on that confiderable Port of the Enemy's, I fliall now proceed to give you. Vki- Anmiral Hopfon ar- rive! in Eng- land with hit Convoys, The Brefl Squadron get into the Streights. 1694. The Duke of Oliuna, com- ing to Cadiz to jit out the Gailcons, dies. Chap. XIII. Aimtral Ruflfel'j Proceedings with the Fleet in the Chanel, with an Account of the Attempt made on Breft, and o- ther Frciich Towns. '7'^HE whole Fket being at St. Helen's, and the Forces defign'd Air. Ruffei X on Service againft BreJi on their March towards Torifinouth, Q^Jj^y where they were to embark, Mr. Rujfel gave Order to Sir Cloudejly shoveii to Shdvell, on the third of May, to remain there With three Firft Rates, '"*' '" '** nine Seconds, thirteen Thirds, leven Fourths, four Fifths, and three pon'vno'uth of the Sixth, until the Men belonging to them were paid, atld to de/i^nd a- confider during that time how many of the Land Forces (liippofed ^"'"^ ^"'^• fo be about fix thoufand) each Ship could conveniently take on board, and what Numbers might embark in the Tenders left there for that purpole, wherein he was ordered to advifc with Lieutenant- General Taknarjh. With 49^ NavalTranf actions "' ^dmuli ^•^' ^""^"^ ^^^ Lizard, and that the Winds blew lb ftrongWcftcrly 'o'f'iti '"hi", as to oblige him to bear up, they fliould repair to Torbay : But iiefi^ned for that if they happened to loie Company in a Fog, or by any other th, sirtight,. Accident, when to the Eaftward of the aforefaid Station,'thcy Ihould make the bcft of their way fifteen Leagues Weft from dpcSpartell, and remain there until joined by the Fleet, or tl.at they were other- wife ordered ; and they were ftridly forbid to chafe out of their way, on any Pretence whatever, or to dilcover where they were bound to any Ship or VclTel they ihould meet with. But fincc they might probably join him before he reach'd the Rendezvous near Cape Spartell, he let them know, that, as the Winds proved, he deiigned to haul in within twenty five Leagues Weft of Cape Fini. fterrey and within twenty of CapcSt. Vincent, and that fi-om thence he would proceed dircdly to the aforelaid Rendezvous : And all the Captains were cxpreftly direded not to break open the Rendezvous which was delivered to them fealed, unlets they Ihould happen to be feparated with the Wind Eafterly, and then informing themlclves of the Contents thereof, they were, purfuant thereunto, to repair to the Fleet fifteen Leagues S. W. from the Land's End oi England. All things being now adjufted for the Fleet's Separation, a Coun- cil of War was called the thirty firft of May of the Flag and Ge- neral Officers, who taking into Confideration the leveral Particulars relating to the Squadron appointed for Breji, came to the follow- ing Rcfolutions, viz. I. That the Lord Berkeley (hould with the laid Squadron make «.-,,..«.- ^^ ^^^ °^ ^^^ ^^^y ^°» ^"'^ anchor in Camaret Bay, and the Land- c*;«J Btefi. Forces be immediately fct on Ihore ; and that the Ships fliouId con- tinue at an Anchor, uiitil they received Advice from General fal- marjh of the Condition of the Fort on the Star- board-fide going in, and of what Forces he found there. 1. That it was not proper to come to any pofitive Refolution at what time the Fleet ihduld go into BreJt-lFater, and therefore that Matter was left to be confidered when they arrived in Camaret Bay. 3. That a red Enfign at the Fore- top- maft- head on board the Lord Berkeley's Ship, with the firing of a Gun, ihould be the Sig- nal for the Soldiers to embark on board the fmall Craft and Boats; and the taking down that Signal, with the firing of two Guus, for their going on Ihore. There were prefent at this Council Admiral Rujfel, John Lord Berkeley^ Sir Cloudejly Shove II, ViccAdmiral Aylmer., Real- Admiral MitcbeU ^ The Council of War about at 1, BookTv I ^»'^P-^^I^- /^^ ^^ the Year i ^88, to 1691. 4.99 The Marquis of Carmarthen, George Byng, Efq; firft Captaiu to the Admiral. Lieutenant- General Talmarjh, Earl of Macclesfield^ Lord Cutts, Sir Martin Beckman. "Dutch. Admiral Allemonde^ Vice -Admiral Vanderfutt., Vicc-Admiral Schey^ Rear- Admiral Vandergoes, Rear- Admiral Evert fon^ Captain Vauder "Dufen. S "Dutch Flag-officers, The fixth Day oi June in the Afternoon the two Fleets parted, rhe Fleet ft- and fincc iliat commanded by the Lord Berkeley came Iboneft to f"'"'"- their appointed Service, it may be proper to give an Account firft ot what was done by them, and then follow the Admiral himfelf to the Strcijijhf s. My Lord Berkeley being arrived in Camaret Bay, a Council of War was called on board the Ship ^leen the eighth oijuncy where \va5 prcfcnt his Lordlhip, Lieutcnaut-General Talmarjh, and all the FIjg and General Officers, by whom it was refolved that the Lieu- ««/"'«"■'"» '«- tenant General fliould go on Ihore with the Troops as foon as it was Unding'near polihic, and endeavour to make himfelf Mafter of the Fort at Ca- Breft. wnrct, and that four or five Frigates fliould cover him in landing. Accordingly a confiderable Number of the Forces were put on some of the tore, but the French Coaft being fortified, and intrenched almoft ^"'T''"^''' in every Place, our Men received fo warm a Reception, that they °r"fu'ifed'. were ibon obliged to return to the Boats, and that too in no little Difordcr. In this Adlion we loft about fix hundred Men ; and the Lieute- Heutenant- nant General himfelf being wounded in the Thigh, died foon after ^'"'n^V-^''", at fitmonth. The Monk, Charles Gaily, and Shoreham, fbme of fil^mund the Ships which were ient in to protect the Landing, and to batter the French Forts, were very much fliatter'd, and in them, and the others about a hundred and twelve Men were killed and wound- cJ; i 'Dutch Frigate was luuk, and her Captain killed; befides which, wc received many other Damages. The whole Extent of the Bays oiCamaret and Bertheaume (which lie on each fide of the Entrance into Breft-waterJ was in a manner a conrinu'd Fortification ; for where there was any Place to put For- ces on Ihore, there had the French Batteries and Retrenchments, and they threw Bombs at our Ships from five or fix Places. As foon as the Land Forces were embarked, a General Council ^^^'""I'l^"^ of War was held, and fince they found it impracticable to attempt confider whit any thing farther at Breft, it was confidercd what might be done 'mght be /Ur- Sffz with"^"-^"'"- llll III llll II 11 1 |l|m fiIh In II D ' rSs (»' 1' HHiHI^HH 111 wl Tht fleet ar rivet at St. Hslen'j. 500 NavalTranfa&ionsofthe'EngMni, BookIV. vvi:h the Fleet and Army. The Lieutenant- General informed them that he had not liifficicnt Authority to attempt any other Pl.icc, and there- fore propoled that a Squadron of Imall Frigates, with thcBomb-Vcflels mighr be lent into thatHarbous to try if they could bomb the Town' This was thought by no means advifcablc, for the Ships could not go in without a Wcfterly, nor come out without an Ealtcrly Wind ; and fmcc it was nor knovNu what Strength the French hal in that Port, they might run the hazard of falling into their Hands : Be fides, one of them was lunk in battering the Forts, and moft of the others icndcr'd unfit for Service; io that it was agreed to repair to Spithrac/, as the mod proper riace to land the Troops at, and to refit the Ships. Thus ended this unlucky Expedition ; but I cannot leave it with- out making this Oblervation, That the French would not in all P,o- babihty have been in fiich a Pofture to receive our Troops, had not early Advice been given of the Debates and Refolutions conccrnins this Affair, by French Men who were conlultcd and adviled with therein, as hath been before oblervcd. The Fleet failing from Camaret Bay, arrived at St. Helen's the fifteenth of June, and there Orders were received from the Queen, that a Council of War of the Flag and General-Officers flioulJcon- fider how the Ships and Troops might be bcfl employed, who were A ccunci of of opinion, that the Fleet Ihould lail to the Coaft oi France, and Zty'i'ie'E° a"noy the Enemy not only with the Bomb-VcfTcls, but by landing nemy ty in thc Couutry ; and that the fame might be better effcdled, it was u^I'Z^'mJ*/ defired that fomc more Imall Frigates might be fcnt to the Fleet to fiiltain the laid Bomb VefTels, which the greater Ships could not do. Thc ciijhtecnth oi June another Council was call'd, when it was judged that Ibme Place on the Coaft ^^i Normandy might with moft Succeis be bombarded, and that four Regiments would be lufficient to fecure thc Bomb-VefTels againft the Attempts of the French, as well as for other neceflary Services. The Fleet being refitted , and thc Seamen and Land Forces re- frcfhed, the Queen's Orders were received the twenty leventh ofju/ie, and thereupon another Council was called, where it was agreed, th : fmce the Wind was freih Wefterly, the Fleet ihould firft proceed and bombard Die/f/^e, and then do what other Prejudice :hey could along the French Coaft. Being arrived there , they were prevented in making any Attempt by bad Weather, which not only difperfcdthc Ships, but damaged fome of them in their Mafts and Riggingi Io that they were conftrain'd to return to the Coaft of England, and sinchor ofTof 'Denge NeJfeiV/herc the fcatter'd Ships and VefTels join'd thc fifth of Ju/y, and failing thence again to 'Dieppe Road, it was in- tended to bombard that Town the ninth in the Morning ; in order whereunto feveral of the Bomb-VcfTcls advanced near in with the Shore, but it blowing hard at Night, they were prevented by the great Sea which then ran. Thc thirteenth the Town oi'Dieppe was bombarded, and fo effec- tually too, that it appeared all in Flames ; and the Night before a Ma- chine VcfTel was blown up at the Pier-Head, but with httle or noSuc- cefs, occafioned, as was luppofed, by the Head's lying fo low. Captain 'Dunbar landing Mir.. Dieppe bom' bardid. h, Book IV. | ChapX IIL from theTear 1^88, to 169-], 501 6, to ihcUccr, and to iiiForin the Spaiiijh Admiral, if he met with his SjiiJroii at Sea, of our Approach. Rear- Admiral iVft/'//, and the two '/)///<■/> Vice- Admirals, Calient- <;^ aud Evertjotty joining the Fleet from CW/is, with eight En^- lijh, and as many ot the Ships of the States General (which made thcuboie Nnmbcr fixiy three of the Line) a Council of War was •* Cfuncii oj cillcJ of all the Flag Officers, by whom it was thought moft ad- J!""/^""' "^ ulcjblc that the Merchant Ships bound up to the Levant Ihould iMch tuL icpjir to Carthagena, and remain there until Care could be taken for tbr proceeding farther on their Voyage with Safety ; and thole Gciulancn taking alio into their Confidcration the Intelligence of ibc l-rcttcb Fleet's being olFof Raict'tona, and the adjacent Coafts, mt (0 a Rclblution forthwith to proceed thither. Notwithflaiuling there happened bad Weather and contrary Winds, i,",)!/" '*""* the Fleet got cfT of Cape Spat tell the firft of "July, having received DO other Damage than the I.ols of two Imall Viffels which attended on the Admiral's own Ship. The Spaniards failed from Cadiz with nine Ships of War at the fame tiiiK that Rear- Admiral A'i'x/i/ did, but had not )er join'dthc Fleer, jDil there was now Advice received that the Enemy were with fc- ventySr.il between Alfaqucs and Barcelona ; fo that our Force (when join'd by the Spaniards) would have been almoll equal to theirs. The Admiral acquainted Mr. Stanhope^ our Envoy at Madrid^ that he hoped to bo fo timely at Barcelona as to prevent farther Milchicf from the French in thole Tarts: And for the greater Safe- e-.'mur, f,nt t) of the Fleet, two Frigates were ordered to lail on the Starboard, J"'^"^ '""^' iiidtivo others on the Larboard Bow, but not at 'io great a Diflancc as to hinder their Sails being Iccn above Water: Nor were they up- on mcctiiw any French Ships to chale beyond Cape dc Gates \ and it they fell in with any Ships or Vcflcls, of what Nation Ibcvcr, ihcjHcre ordered ro bring them into the Fleet to be examined. There were alio three Frigares fent on the Coaft of Barbary^ with DirciJions to ftrctch from Cape Tres Forcas over to the Spantjh Shore, for intercepting any thing the others might meet with, aad chafe Kaftward. During the Fleets being under Sail all pofTiblc Care was taken to put every Ship in a Condition of doing Service, by taking Stores ind other NccefTaries from fuch as could bcft Ipare for thofe ijiac winted ; and the flridleft Orders were given that all poHible good Jlaibaiidry fliould be ufcd in expending their Provifions. The Admiral being informed that levcral of the Ships of War be- ^*« Aigerine loiying to the Government of Algier did intend to come into th« ^'!^,'{,^^^ Fleer, he dcfired both the "Dutch and Spaniards that not only they, com, iH:o tht hut the Ships of Tunis and Tripoli (with whom we were Hkewife ^J'"' *«""»« « PeaccJ might have that Liberty, without any Ads of Hoftihty iy,l7Datcb. being offered to them in Sight of his Flag, provided they came iin- .. 1 T 1 1 mediately I If .;t Thi fleet ar- rivis at Car- thagena. The French retire to the Ifitt s/Hye- res. So6 NavalTranfaiHonsoftheEngliih, BookIV. mediately to him with their Colours flying ; but notwithftanding his Hopes that this would be complied with, cue of the Ships of /f/. gier was foon after feized in his Sight by a ^iifch Man of War though fuch Mcafurcs were foon after taken for her Releafc, as that neither his Majefty's Honour, nor the Government o( y^lgier{\ifkt. cd thereby : Nor were thole People a little iatisfied as well at the generous Ufagc they received in this particular, as in the feeing a Fleet in thole Parrs fupcrior to what had ever been known there before, or probably ever may be hereafter. The thirteenth of J nJy the Confederate Fleer got as far as Car- thagena, the P- (Tage thither having been very tedious, for the Wind had been Eafterly from the time they entered the Mouth of the Streights. This Impediment was very unlucky, for the Seafon of the Year was far advanced, and fo much of their Provifions ex- pended, that foon after they could polTibly get as high as Barcelona, there would be a NecefTity 6f returning again. The French having Notice of our Approach retired to the Ifles of Hyeres, oKofThoti- ton, and it was tnought that they would either difarra their great Ships, and fend Squadrons up the Levanit or go with their whole Fleet as high as Maltd, where they knew very well ours could not purlue them. I muft here obfcrve that the prin al Reafonofout Fleers coitamg fo late into thofe Parts, was the Delay made at home in the Dilpatch of the Troops defigned againfl Brcft^ and (liipping them off" when at Tort/mouth ; for had that Service been performed a Month fooner, there would have been a fairer Prolpedt of doing foraething this Summer within the Streights, The Marquefs of Camarajfa, General of the Spar.'jjh Gallies, upon the Admiral's approaching Carthagena, fent a Letter to him dcfiring to know where the Fleet and the Gallies fliould join; to which he returned a Compliment, and acquainted him that he in- tendied for Barcelona with all Speed. The leventeenth of July it was determined at a Council of War to ftop at Altca Bay for a Supply of Water, and that che7«r/4> Con- voy mould remain at Carthagena until futher Intelligence could be had of the Enemy ; to obtain which three Frigates were fent to cruile betv\ ccn Cape Martin and Tv'tfa for twenty four Hours, and the Adventure was ordered eight Leagues, the Lark five, and ano- ther two Leagues E. S. E. from the Eaftermoft Part of Altea for thir- ty fix Hours. But notwithftanding what was thus agreed, it was, upon farther Thoughts, judged oeceflary to order the Turky Fleet to Alicanty and to reinforce them there by two Eiigltjh, and one ©w^f /.» Man of War ; and left they Ihould want Provifions, or* other NecelTaries, the Conful at Carthagena was written to to furnilh them therewith. The twenty fifth of this Month the Admiral writ to Monfieur Schoneniferg, Euvoy from the Str.res General at the Sfantjh Court, AnAtcountof concerning the Circumftances of that King's Affairs; and firft as to the Spanifti i^js Ships which had joined the Fleet, he acquainted them they were in Number ten, four whereof might indeed (for want of better) h^ve been admitted into the Line of Battel, but that the reft were of The fleet flops at Altea to ihipi that joined hi. '/ K BookIV. I Chap.XIV. from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 507 pfbuc I'trlc Force, and wichal fo rotten that they would hardly bear //« yuiminU ti]C firing of their own Guns. He farther obl'erved to him, that the ""?'"""" ?caPort Towns were unprovided both as to Men and all other war- Sn'nhcr^ liix Preparations, fo that it was much to be feared if a imall Num- '^'■■'■'' ''"^i""i bcrotthe Enemy's Ships Ihould appear bclbre Malaga, oxAlicant, and "onh"tT'of arrcinpc to cannonade thole Places, they would inftantly be abandoned. Spain'j Zl- . Hcallo let him know his Doubts that Catalonia would not be able to ^i^'^"'- refill the Enemy when the Fleet retired, fmce the French Army (js it was reported) confided of near twenty five thoufand well liilciplincd Men, with all thin^^ necefi^ary, and that ihc Spaniards did not exceed nine thoufand, and even they without Tents, or o- thet Materials proper tor an Encampment ; as alfo that there was Rca'on to apprehend if the French could make therafelves Mafters of Barcelona, they would foon attempt the Ifland o( Minorcay which could not well rcfift two thouland Men forty Hours, under itsprefeut ill Circumftances. In fine, it was his Opinion, and a well grounded one too, that unlefs the Vice-Roy of Catalonia could make lome brisk Effort on the Frewh foon after the Fleets coming there, that Principality would be in greateft Danger, fince he ihould be obliged to return in very little time, the Ships of the States Gene- ral having not Provifions for more than all the next Month. In- deed had the French proceeded with Vigour, that Country would long before have fallen into their Hands ; for there was not an Ar- my capable to refift them, and even moft of thofe that were in Arms Icem'd to be more fit for an Hofpital than a Camp ; nor was there Money to pay them, notwithftanding the large Contributions of the Catalonianst the cxadling whereof by the General Ofl^cers to the utmoft Extent, render'd thole People fo miferable, that in Ex- pedation of better Ufage from France^ a little Matter would have inclined them to a Revolt. At this time a noble Lord * propofed the Fleet's wintering in the MiUrranean ; but the Admiral acquainted him he could by no Itlj'lt^a-'' ' means think it advileable, fince there was not any Place fit to re- s'linfi winw ccive and protcfl; them but Mahon^ in the Ifland of Minorca, where '"g m the there was a total Want of Provifions ; nor could any Stores be ^'"''i'"'- timely got thither to refit the Ships againft the Spring. That as for Nafks, there was no Defence, and Mejjina was not large enough. Bat there remained yet another material Obje;onia, o-c Tort tis, with the Aflliftancc of the Naval Power : And he likewife leprcicnrcd to his Majefty, that unlefs care was immediately taken to put Catalonia into a better Pofture of Defence, it would be next to an Irapoffibility to preferve it many Weeks under his Subjedlion ; and that the Kingdom oi Valencia^ as well as the Sea-Port Towns, were ia no better a Condition. That as for the ^'leet, fince there was no hopes of bringing the French to a Battel, or forcing them, with any Probability of Succels, at Thoulon, nor of employing it i 1 as to do any confiderable Service, he defigned to return therewith io England, but that he could not kive Barcelona without inform- il '! ii^ ■ liHWi! IhIIh' |ffi|k ■ M^m ' aliMii'. 1^ V nnS vnlnl Hllnll ill mI^KSm iffi'' ni'! lijll pWif'^ \ \ \ PI '%m' Hpii^^ liHIiitii* ■■■■tMlli iiii^ ;p»|;|f 5 1 o NavalTran faBions of the Englifh, B ook IV. ing his Majefty that the Vice- Roy had not only treated liim with all imagiuable Civility, but /caioufly promoted all things that were rcprefcntcd to be neccnary. The fifteenth of Augujl two Third Rate Ships , and one of the Sixth Rate were ordered to Cadiz, there to refit and viflual, and then to convoy the Trade to England ; and now the Fleet bcipir ready to leave Barcelona, a Council ot War was called to cciifidc'r in what manner the fame might be done, fo as to keep it mcft An Anr.ift- ptivatc. It was agreed that when they failed an Appearance lliould meutjor'the be madc the firft Day as if they were going Eaftward, but that in ^irFUet^'f,''^- ^^^ Night an. Opportunity ihould be taken of getting out to Scj, 'J down I'hi and proceeding WeRward; and the Places neccflary for Rendtzvous were fettled in cafe of Separation. Before the Admiral failed, he wrote to thcDey oiJlgier, lefrjno him know that the King his Mafter had lent his fleet into .he Strcights to put a ftop to the Proceedings of France againft Sjim, and that, notwithftanding their lufinuations that England could not fpare Ships for thofc Parts, they thought it convenient to retire fiora him, ana fecurc themfelves at Thoulon. He alio acquainted that Government that the Summer was too far Ipcnt to admit of his coming to their Port, as he had defigned, and that therefore he took the prefent Occafion to aflurc them of the great Eftecra the King his Mafter had of their Friendlhip and Amity. This Letter was fent to yllgier, and recommended to Conful Ba- kery who was then upon coming from thence, after he had rcfidcd there many Years in that Capacity, and that by his difcreet and zealous Negotiations, and the particular Friendfliip the Dcy had for him, he had contributed very much to the Icttling a good and firm Underftanding between his Majefty and that Government. The Admiral, When thc Flcct was got down the Strcights as far as Malaga, the whinojfof Admiral (contrary to his Expcdations) received Orders from his Slnigbt!. Contetiti of a Lelier Jrom the admiral totheUoveri,- ment of Al- gier, ^mtutn "" Majefty, under his Royal Sigciet and Sign-Manual, dated .//«g///? the txfeftaiicn, fevcnth, requiring him to continue in thole Seas, and to winter at receive Ordtrs — --- — -- -— - _._. to winter at Cadil. Refolved to proceed as high ai Ali- cant. He writes to the I'ice-Roy ef Catalonia. Cadiz, for the more cffcdtual preventing the Dcflgns of the French in Catalonia. Thus a full ftop was put to all thole Methods which had been determined for proceeding with the Fleet to England, and a Council of War being called , it was relblved forthwitn to repair up the Mediterranean again, as high as Alicanty that fo thc Snips of the States-General might take in thc Provifions faid to be there ready for them ; and fcveral Vidluallers being arrived from Eugknd, Orders were difpatched to Cadiz for their going within the fuutal, for the Admiral had already taken care to procure as much as might be neceflary until his Return thither, which he intended not before fome tune in October , uulels he had certain Information that the French h.:d difarmed their Ships. He acquainted the Vice-Roy of Catalonia that he had Commands to remain in thc Mediterranean, and defired to hear from him at Alicant, and particularly whether he had any Account of thc/vvw^j or that thc Fleet might be of Service to that Principality. He alio defired Mr. Stanhope, our Envoy at Madrid, to procure Orders from Chap XIV. from tin Tear 1 6^^, to i^^^. 511 iToin that Court that the Tuntal might be made clear for the Ships m\A their Arrival at Cadiz. , lor the more convenient refitting ikm; ^^'^ ^^'■''^ ^'^''y pteffingly to the Lords of the Admiralty for "'"'"'"Eng- a timely Supply of Men and Provifions, and that one of the Com- ^Hfpi^'lf^Mtn iflifencrs for Vi(T:ualling might be lent out to take care of that Af- and provifi. fair, (iiicc ic had already given him more trouble than he was any ""'• ioiiccr able to undergo : And it may be truly faid that fuch care obfervaiion, ivas'tskcu by him therein, that never were Men fornilhcd with btt- "*''.'" '"''^'"- tcr Pro\ ifions and Wine, and even that with fo good Husbandry to "„'theMeAi- tlic Publick, that the Crown was not put to more Charge, altho' terranean. (lie Fleet was great , and conlcquently required very confiderablc Qnantitics, rhan tor finglc Ships formerly : Nay in many Circum- (lanccs the Mon were viduallcd confideribly cheaper; nor did he bfloglc at the engij^ing his own pcrlbnal Eftate to give this fo UC' ctiiary Credit to his Country. The Fleet bciii'4 .it /llicant, the Admiral feat from thence two The Admiral li:;ht Frigates to Majorca^ and dircdlcd the chief Commander 'of ^'^f^Jl^^' them to apply hmiltif not only to the Vice-Roy, but the Conful ^^Iws alio tor News -, bat more particularly for the latter to inibrm hiin- feit iTom all the Saetias, and other imall Veflcls lately arrived thtre, uhcthcr they had met w ich any Account of the Enemy. At this tine Rear- Admiral Nevil was aWo fent from the Fleet with ten fJ/N^ffT^^ Slips Southward of the Ffland oi Fomtentera^ with Orders to crufie whhTs^M. bcrwccn rhofe Parts and the Barbary Shore, for intercepting the dronojfof E'lcmy's Ships, and protecting ours, which were ordered to cOt f^°'^'n^"t"»' WooJ for the ufe of the Fleet, and 'hen to return Northward to A- kitut, between the Iflands and Capo Martin, if Wind and Weather Bouldpcrmir. During the Fleet's riding before Alicant the Admiral was taketi The Admiral dangcroufly ill of a Fever, and a Bloody Flux, which in kvf Days '^^^'^ ■^'j'"'f J rbllgcd him to jo on Ihore, and my Iclf at that time falling tinder Th,Vue't clm- thf l2me Dift'^mper, attended him: Bur that the Fleer ftiig^ht hot lie mittediyhim idle io his Ablence, he gav^c Otdcrs to Vice- Admiral Aylmer to take ^"fAyiHt'' upon him the CommaTid thereof, and to proceed and join the Ships with Rcar-Adiniral I^vvil as foon as pombly he could. It was par* inflrusiionsta ticuhrly rccomincndrd ro him to endieavour to gain IntclHgencc of ^^'{^^^""^ tlie Proceedings of the French, and to prevent their getting out of the MediterraiieM^ in order whereunto he was to place hidafelf in fach Stations, and ro employ the Ships of the Fleet in fuch manner, 15 iliould from time to time be judged moft advifeable by a Coancil of War ; and upbn meeting the Enemy's Fleet, or any part thefebf, lie was diredted to ufe his bcft Endeavours to come up with and de- ftroy them, and to chafe them with the whole Fleet, or luch a Num- bet ot Ships as Ihould be thought moft proper, without hiaving aiiy icgard to Iiis being on fliorc, or expe<5ting farther Orders frbnti him for his Proceedings. It was alfo recommended to him to take ciare upon his difcovering any Frenth Squadron (landing Weftward, and endeavouring to pals the Strcights, that fuch a Number of Ships as might at lead be equal to their Fotce Were fent aftet th'etii as for as they Ihould go, or until fuch time as they coufd come up with and attack '■ H i 5 1 2 NavalTranfacliom of the Engli (h, Book IV. ^Mi i 1 1 'Oil mH !i^' JIHI Wl.¥^' 9!Hy W' Fi Wh| I^^HaHllii^ ■ipj 1 Mr. Aylmer ordireii 10 confiHtr of ft- viral Particif- lari at a Council of War. Advantagii the Enemy had for paf- fing the Streijfhti, anil our ill Condi- tion to follow them. attack them, and to proceed liiiolelf with rhe Remainder to Cadiz where he was to remain for farther Order. But if he did not fee the French in fix Days after his being at Sea, or gain Infbrnntion that they were come from Thonton, he was to repair with the whole Fleet to Alicant\ for by that time the Admiral had hopes he u-.,w1h be in a Condition ro return on board. Purfuant to thefe Orders Mr. Aylmer put to Sea with the Fleer but meeting with nothing remarkable returned the tenth of S(p. temberx however the Admiral being not then recovered of his Sick- nels, he fent him Orders to call a Council of War, and maturely to confider of the leveral Particulars following, that lb no time might be loft when he himlelf could be able to return, and take upon him the Command, I. Whether it was neccfTary for the Fleet to continue within rhe Streights ? J. Whether it might be convenient, when rhcy retum'd to Qad'iz, to leave fome Ships either within or without the Srreights, tor m- tercepting any of the Enemy's Ships that might attempt to p'oi:ccd into the Northern Seas : And if fb, what Number of each Rate, and on what Station they might moft properly lie to effect the fame ? 3. And fmce it was reported that the French kept their Ships at Thoulon in a conftant Readinefs to proceed to Sea, by which it was realbnable to believe they intended to proceed either with the whole, or part of them to BreJ}, as foon as an Opportunity ihould offer for their parting the Streights, he was therefore to confider what Ships in the Fleet were in the beft Condition, and mod proper to follow them, that fo the latter part of his Majefty's Orders might be complied with, in cafe they fliould make fuch an Attempt? This was the care the Admiral took, notwithdanding his Indifpo- fition had brought him very low ; for the French kept themielves in a conftant Readinefs at Thoulon, both as to Proviftons and Men, ib that if they had endcavour'd to pafs the Streights, and our Fleet had been at the lame time at Cadiz, they might have hid many Advantages of us ; for, in the firft Place, moft or all of their Ships were kept clean, whereas ours were foul, and confequently little Be- nefit could have attended their chafing them. Next, there was an Impoftibility of doing it, for we had Provifions but from Hand to Mouth, much lels for a Squadron for a Voyage to England: Be- sides, whatever the French might attempt, upon the (core of theit being fb well appointed, yet confidering the ill Circumftances of moft of our Ships, the Hazard would not have been inconfiderabie, in fending them home at a Seafbn of the Year wherein they mud have been cxpofed to the worft of Weather, efpecially the nearer they drew towards our Chanel ; nor indeed were they fiifliciently .mann'd for fuch a Voyage. The Admiral received Intelligence from the Vice-Roy oi Catalo- nia of the French Fleet's being at Sea, and the Confiil of Majorca acquainted him that he had met with the like Information ; bur he had other Advices, more to be depended upon, chat they were \\\r- bour.d — ^'il' I Chap.XIV. from theTeari6SS, to 1697. continue within rhe 515 toured at Thoulon. However, thar he might not want a conftanc y'^'i'od' ■'- jud true Account of their Motion, he dcfircd the faid Couliil to hire \'"Jii-Zu''' lomc proper Vcflcl, and to lend her from time to time to Thon/on, " loadcn with Goods that might raoft conveniently, and with leaft Sufpi- cioi), be vended there, under the care of (bme trufty and difcrect Perfon, who might inform himfelf, and give frequent Accounts of the Cir- cumlbnces of the Enemy's Fleet. And left they ft-.ou!d attempt to pals thro' the Streights along the Barbary Shore, a Frigate was lent [oOraity whofc Commander was direded to inform himfelf whe- ther they had bcenfeen off of that Coall, and then to join the Fleet, another being fcnt on the like Errand along the laid Coaft as low as ^man. The Court of Sj>ain was now informed that his Majefty had or- dered the Fleet to remain in the Mediterranean., and thereupon a Memorial was fent to the Admiral, by order of his Catholick Majcfty, from Don Alonfo Cariiero, Secretary of the Univerfal Dilpatch, pro- pofing, amonc other things, that the Fleet might winter at Port ^'-^ Spaniards 1,, ," _,, ".i.i 11. L- Af <-rn t propoje the Malm. The Admiral returned him for Anlwer, " That he was Fleet may « not a little iurprized at fuch a Propofition, for that not any thing ''"'•"'"' "^ « could be had from the Idand of Minorca, iliould the Fleet be un- ue'TdmnUs " der never lb prefling NecclTities. Befides, all the Stores and Pro- objcniom « vifions to be fent Irom England mud, in liich cale, have been *''"'"'• « brought to Port Mahon, fo that the French would have had 3 « large Sea to range in fearch oi them ; and fliould there have hap- " p:ned a want but of the leaft thing for enabling a Ship to pro- <' cecd on Service , there flic muft have lain, until fuch time as it " could have been conveyed to her from Cadiz, 01 Naples : Where " as if the Fleet wintered at Cadiz, as the King had ordered, ic " would then be in his Power to fend Ships from thence to proteft " any Supplies coming from England, or to furnilh himfelf there " upon any emergent Occafion. The Admiral being now in a better State of Health, he repaired on board the Fleet in the Road of Alicant, aud having given the ncceflary Orders, and appointed the Rendezvous in cale of Separa- tion, both within and out of the Streights, he lailed and arrived at '^•" ?'«' 'r- Qdiz the eighth of October, but ftrft fent thither fome light Fri- ^',^"'" ^*- gatcs, that fo they might be timely clean'd in order to their being cmploy'd as Cruilers. His Catholick Majefty having received Adv" 'e that the French ^^^ flench were come to Talamos, with a Defign to carry on the Siege oi ^1^^^%! the' Barcelona , he defired the Admiral to repair with the Fleet that ic/«^o/Spain way, whereupon it was determined, that as loon as the T)tttch Ships |^^^" J^*^ could be furnillied with Provifions, the whole Fleet fhould proceed f.ui 'that way. up the Streights. But the Admiral acquainted his Majcfty, " That " he much doubted the Truth of the Intelligence , and obferved " withal, that if fome confiderable Strength was not put into Bar- " cclona, there would be no great occafion for the French to draw " their Naval Forces thither, for that, under its then Circumftances, " he was of opinion it could not hold out againft a Siege of four •' Days. U u u Th» , ! f' ii H!S I 514 NavalTranfiiBionsoftheEng\iihy&ooiil\j,m Chm I. yllt Vtlftli Jlo/'H in Cl- di7. Hjv to prevent In- lelli^ence. Hefoluiioit where the i'Uet mifht hefl lie to pre vent the Hue »«y aiming :lircugh the liSi eighti. The Admiral endeavoured by all ways to gain Intelligence of the Motion of the Enemy's Fleet, and that they might not hive Ac- counts of his Procccdmgs at Cadiz, he ordered the Ships wludi rid fartheft out in the Bay, to Ipcak with all Embarcatioiis, cither coming in, or going thence, and to detain thole bound Eaftward until luch time as it ihould be confidered whether it might be pro- per to let them proceed. The twenty (econd a Council of War was called, in order to con- fidcr how the Fleet might be beft pofted to prevent the French paf- fing the Strcights, and it was agreed to repair off of Cape Sj/arn-ll as loon as the Wind came up Eafterly, but up the Streights with a Wefterly Wind, and anchor off of Malaga ; neverthelcis to return to the Station off of Cape Spartell when the Wind Ihould come up Eafterly : And fcvcral Ships were fomc Days after lent to cruilc off of the faid Cape, and along the Barbary Shore, Cape St. V'mcm^ and the Rock of Lisbon , with ftridt Orders that upon gaining any Intelligence of the French Fleet, they fhould repair to Qadiz Bi'y with an Account thereof. At this time there was but little Profpedl of Service ; nor indeed was the Fleet in any extraordinary Condition for it , the En^ltjh A great want g^d T)utch Wanting vcry near three thoul'and Men of their allow d ihe'Adrm'rai Numbct ; fof whicH reafon the Admiral writ to England vcry prcl- iintes home ftugly for 3 timely Supply, and withal dcftred that two thouland ^andixvPthou- wcU-difciplined Soldiers might be lent out to him : And being in- fan,i Land fotmcd by the Spanijh Secretary of State that the People of Qata- Soldiers. loftia were freed from their Apprehenfions of the French for that %7r"oj'lhe Scafon, but that it was much feared they would attack the Fleet in Sp,in:,uJs, the Bay of Cadizy he, to divert him from that melancholy and Ficiicifuo«/,/ gi'oundlels Apprehenfion, affured him, " That as he would never ot)ack us ]n " havc abovc two or three Ships dilarm'd at a time, the Enemy Cadiz hay. " would bc vcty daring indeed, if they attempted to force him iu " that Harbour, unleis their Numbers did much exceed his ; bur " that he thought it neceffary to put him in mind his Catholick " Majefty had not abovc four Ships which were able to fwim, and " that if he intended to join any Force to the Englijh and Dutch *' the next Spring, fome care ought to be taken for putting \a%Ar- « mada into a better Condition for Service. Notwithftanding it had been determined to put forth to Sea with the Fleet, yet fmce the Weather Co. jed very violent the ci«hth oi November y with Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, it was then judged not fit to ftir, efpecially fince there was not any News of the French Fleet , and that in all Probability they would not venture out when the Winter Seafon was fc very far advanced : rt«R«;.t King of (even tlioiiland Men from Italy to Barcelona, dcfircd the Admiral ^r"'i/'^"i' that he would make lomc Provifion for that Service; but his Ma- to'trJffm jelly was acquainted by him , *' That tho' he would do his urmoft /•"-'"' ''"»*• " to comply with his Commands in this and all other things, yet aJ",^ ^I'Z ,^ « it was impofllbic for hiin to find Convenience for the Tranlpor- Barcelona. « tatioii of thofc Troops, becaufe the Men of War were not able ^'" ^*;"^''"" 't to receive them, and that it would not be lafe, even if they could ""'"'""' " take them on board, confidering the Sickncls it might occafion, <' as well to the Seamen as Soldiers, by their being fo much pc- « ftcrcd : Befides, the lending a Squadron of Ships for tranlporting « iuch a Number of Men would have wholly obftru Court, iulbrauch that on the eighth of April the Governor of Gdtz prcfTed very carncftly that a Convoy might be forthwith fent «ith the Tranfport Ships, to prevent Defertion, and the ill Confe- queuccs which might attend their not being landed before the French opened the Campaign in Catalonia. The Admiral acquainted him that he was not without Thoughts of all the Inconveniences which might I'lovi/imi *f nvn jrtm of ('.\A\i. pnff, f.nA- i'lg lilt c;«»- vi.\y uith Tranfport I, and iiioldiht Vltet would fail in four- inn Day!,6cc. Iht Haitrd a fil>*raltSijua- drm would hi txfofid to. Riar- Admi- ral Nevil di' tMihtd with » Jlrong Squa- drort 10 hmdni tht French going throHgh thi Striights, Tht ill Condi- tion of tht Spjnifli Ar- mada. The .admiral dtfirts tutir Galtitt may h rttdy. Tht Govtrnor of Cadiz prtffes again tht ftnding a Convoy for the forcer. 169J, TheAdmiral't Anfwtr. t't. 5 i 8 JslavalTratiJdHoNs oj the lingl i (li, Book IV. hHwII * ti III i mi ll Mm liil E Mm 1 IIH Pri'aJiir-Gl- arrr.ti wiih iht L<)>:d- hordi from L'.i:ilUm.l. Tht fllltfjil from Cull/. Criiifer< fent mij^hc attend a Difapjioiiumcnt of this Nature, and that it diil not a httic trouble him tlicy would not follow his Advice iti providm.r Tranlports tor the Korccs at the Ports in Italy \ tor th.it vcrymuul time had been loll by takiiii', up at G/7/;5 luchSiiips tor this'Scrvjco as were by Agreement to be hrll tVcigiucd at that Port: However he afTurcd him that as loon as the Weather was fair he would pro ccf.d with the whole up the Strci^hts although he was in grcjt Want of Provifions, but more cipccially Ureail. Not many Days alter the Land-Forces under Command of UriiM. dicr General Stc^'ari arrived, being his own Regiment, and thole of the Marc]uels 'y-*///adr, Colonel Brudciwll^ and Colonel Coote, in all, about four thouland five hundred Men, Otticcrs included; and with the lame Convoy came the remaining Victuallers, and twelve Boiiib- Vcflels, lb that it was not many Days before the Fleet tailed; but e'er the Admiral left Cadiz, he dcfircd the Protcdtion and Favour of the Governor towards the King his Maftcr's Subjcdls trading thi- ther; and although I do in Ibmc Mcalurc know the Realbn of this Requcft, yet I tnall not lay more of it here, than that there wjs Occafion to put him in mind of doing to good an Office. The Flee: being now at Sea, Crullers were lent on fcvcral Stations cut, and thi foj Intelligence, with Dire(itions that it they met with any News givln'iZ'm. tfom foreign Ships or VMlels, they Ihould detain the chief Officer until liich time as it could appear whether the (lime were true or faltc ; for it had often been found that Ibveral of them were not o- vermuch fmcere, particularly the Genoefe^ who in that, as well as many other Particulars, did not ^o behave thcmlelvcs as might have been renlbnably cxpedled. , The fifth of May Orders were fent to the Commander of the f/zr- ky Convoy at MeJJina to remain there in a conttant pofture of aill ing, until an additional Strength could be lent to him; and the Fleet arriving at Alicantt but little Stay was made there, for they came to Barcelona the eighteenth. Before they anchored in the Bay the Admiral tent to the Marquels Gajianaga, and dcfired to know from him what Intelligence he had of the Enemy's Proceedings, that lo he might the better govern himtelf in appointing a Convoy for the Trantport Ships ; but to this he received not a very latisfadory Anlwer. During the Fleet's being at Barcelona^ the Admiral was well alTu- red that feverai Subjeds of England, who had been compelled to fcrve the French King in Catalonia, were defirous to return to their Arm-j nKtmt own Country, and therefore he ifTued out Icveral Declarations, pro- into us. jnifin^ not only them, but thole of other Nations, who would quit the French Service, and repair to the ContijI at Barcelona, that they Ihould be cither entertain'd among our Land-Forccs, in the ma- rine Regiments, or in the Fleer, and that whenever any of them dcfircd to return home, they Ihould have a Paflport lb to do. lie- fides which, each Man, upon his appearing on board the Admiral's own Ship, was promitcd Clothes; and a Piftolc in Money, and this Projc'- hciliould make the bcft" of his Way to Final with five Third Rates, ',l\Zl\m,i one Sixth, two Kirclhips, a Biigaiitinc, and an Advice-Boat of the ih, tr*u[. Eni^li/h, and three Ships of War o| the Stales (jcneral, of (evenly ^"' two Ciiiiis each. He was dircded to take with him the Tranlport Shjp<, and to nuke all poniblc nilpatch in gettinj» the Soldiers on board, and then to repair to the Rciidc/.vous oft' of the Iflcof //y- tics, hilt if he found not the H:ct there, to come to Barcelona; and a Frigate was lent ofTof the Cape oiThoulon for Intelligence of tlicKnciny's Proceedings. By Rear- Admiral Ncvil the Admiral (cut a Letter to the Earl of r** ^.i.mrti (iilh-ayy by which he dcfired his Lordlhip to let him know whc- ''cZ'/'oi'st' thcr there was a Probability of doing any Service with the Fleet at vny thi ai- thc French Ports, and particularly if with our Troops, and fuch '.''"f""^ Strength as the Duke of Savoy could add to him, they, and the nUhiLir Hcct together, might not attempt even Thoulon itielf with Hopes "" ' <"" *'"- ot Succels. This Letter was communicated to his Royal Highnefs '^J, ^ ,j and the Marqucis LeganeZy whereupon a Council being called, it ».?/;««/. jd*- was determined that not any thing could be done therein, for that ""«"""""» tky thought it reaibnabic to adhere to their former Kelbluuons to ' """^'"'^ attack Cajalf of which Place they foon after made thcmfelves Ma< iters. The firft o(Jttne Sir 'David Mitchell, then Rear- Admiral of the M'tduii'yi,,, Red, was ordered to proceed ofTof Marfeilles, when the Admiral wiib ,« s^^j. Iliould make the appointed Signal for his fo doing, and to take f, "/'("^ with him one Third Rate, Six Fourths, two Fifths, two Firelhips, *'''^'''"' and two Brigantines of the Engl/Jh^ and three 'Dutch Ships com- manded by Vice- Admiral Evert fen. It was recommended to him carefully to obfervc the Fortifications laid to be creded there, and to report ^'s Opinion whether there might be any Probability of doing Service with the Bomb VelTels: And Brigadier-General SteW' art, with the Colonels of the Land- Forces, were appointed to ac- ccxpany the Rear- Admiral, as alio Sir Martin Becir,^an, an Engi- neer, who had the Command of thofc VclTels : But the next Day a violent Storm arofe, which drove the Fleet fiftyLcagucs to the South- a violent ward, under their main Courfes only, which made the Ships com- ]l"'^^!J2hn plain much of Leakincfs, and the Rear- Admiral was thereby prevent- ff,^ uagua cd in putting his Inftrudlions in Execution. southward. Oracrs were fent the feventh of June to the Turky Convoy to rht Turky repair to Cagliariy in the Ifland oi Sardiniay there to be joined by ^//^J^/ca feme .^orc Ships for the greater Security of that Trade, for which li't'i. " '^ purpoic the Newcaftle and Adventure were fent thither : And now ^*' T"'»f- the Tranfport Ships beinq; come to the Fleet, they were difpatched ''Zd/ri}Z*'to with a Convoy to Barci ^na, and a fmall Frigate was fent to Thou- Barcelona. kn to get an Account ot rhe Enemy's Ships in that Harbour. Jf '«fi«n'7i« Soon after the Greyhouna was dilpatched with Advice to the Con- v7ct-Toycf * '/f de Attamiat Vice-Roy ot Sardinia^ that the Fleet would fud- Sardinia, that dcDly touch there to take in Water ; but the Admiral let him know ffJ^Z,'^'','; ^ It walir. 520 NavalTranfaElions of the Englifli, Book IV. 1. M\Misi l'„e Tutky Convoy or- dered to Al- faquis iu Ca- talonia. The Fleet ar- rives at Bir- celona. The vice-Roy defires him to proceed to filanes. The Turky Convoy or- dered to Ca- diz. A Survey ta- ken of the Condition of the fleet, and thiAdmiraliy actjuaintid therewith. The Spanifli General ac- quainted how long our For- tes could con- tinue onshore. it was of great Conlcqucncc to keep it a Secret, until fiich time as he returned again to the French Coaft, and therefore dcfircd that a fttidb Embargo might not only be laid, but continued on all thcEm- barcations in every Part of the Ifland, untill he ihnnid be got to Sea again, that fo the Enemy might not have an Opportunity of Hipping away Wcftward ; but yet that this Embargo might be laid in luch manner as that it might give the Icaft Ground of Sulpicion he was coming thither. The Fleet being fupplicd with Water, and the Turky Ships not yet arrived, the Admiral judged it not convenient to ftay longer tor them, but left the Gt ^yhoiuid w'xxh an Order for the Commander of the Convoy, diredling him to proceed immediately to Majorca, and if he met not with Intelligence of the Enemy or Orders to the con- trary there, to repair to, and remain at Carthagena. But before the Fleet got clear of Cagliari this Convoy appeared, and inftcad of their reudezvoufiog at Majorca^ ifibparatcd before they came to Carthagena., Aljaqnes, on the Coaft of Catalonia., was now ap. pointed, and there tiicy were to remain until Ibmc farther Provi- fion could be made for conducing them fafcly down the Strcights. The nineteenth of 'jnly the Fleet arrived o.i oi Barcelona, when the Admiral acquainted rhc Vice-Roy with his Dcflgn of going to Thoulo7i, but that if he found there could not be any thing done there, or at Marfeilies., or that the Duke of Savoy propolcd not a- ny Service, now Cafal was taken, he would return to the faid Port of Barcelona. Soon after this he received a Letter from the Vicc- Roy, defiring that thewhol": or Part of the Ticct might g^ off" of Blancs ; whereupon (although a Council of Wai had before thought it moft proper to proceed to the Coaft of Trovence) the Admiral prepared to repair forthwith to that Place, but e'er he failed he or- dered the Turky Convoy to Cadiz, and from thence to England, with fome Ships appointed to ftrengthen them thither. That the Lcrds of the Admiralty might be particularly informed of the State of the Ships of the Fleet, with rcfpedt to their Hulls, ^c. he caufed a ftridt Survey to be taken of thei", and thereupon rcpre- fentcd that the grcateft Part of the Firft, Second, and Third Rates, were in luch a Condition as io require their going to England the firft Sealbn of fair Weather ; but that the Sovereign, St. Atdreii', 'Duke, St. Michael, Sandwich, Suffolk, Grafton, Edgar, IVar- ffight, and fome other Ships, ought even at that very time to be lent home, for that Ihould they be continued at Cadiz another Winter, it was his Opinion they would hardly be able to fwira ; for which Reafon heaflured them that he would rather take his Fortune with a fmall Strength, than hazard the Nations lofing fo many Ships; and without them there would remain with him but forty four Eni- lijh and 'Dutch from the Fourth Rate upwards. He direded Brigadier- General Stuart to acquaint the General of the Sfanijh Forces that the Troops could not longer be on Shore than fix or feven Days. ;hat fo the Vice-Roy might confidcr how they could be moft ierviceable to him in that time for the regaining of Talamos: And that no Mifundcrftanding might arile about this Matter 1i,Book1V. I Chap. X IV. fmn the Tear 1688, to 1691. Matter, he dcfired that what parted between them might be in l^riring. The Admiral was the more incHncd to remain fomc little time |oD?cr at Barcelona, becaufe he was not in a Condition to deal with tkE"c™y» now he had fent fo many Ships home under Command of Sir John Muiiden, Ihould they, upon his Approach, come out of thoulon with their whole Strength, at leaft not untill the 'Dutch Ships expedcd from Cadiz,, which were Part of their Quota, had ioin'd him. Nor did he labour under fmall Difficulties from the va- rious Importunities of the Spaniards, and the little Regard they had to the doing even what might have been of Service to themfclves, 01 in the enabling him to contribute towards it; infomuch that he thought himfelf obliged to repre/ent the whole ?Jatrcr to the Court oiSl>aift, and to let them know how little they had complied with their Promife to him when at Cadiz , in aflfifting him with their Ships of War, and Gallies, according to the Treaty ; and withall he told them that he thought the King his Matter had been very ill ulcd, and the Affairs committed to his Truft and Charge very much "i uded by their dilatory Proceedings. In fine, that he having promiicd the Vice-Roy of Catalonia all the Afllftancc he could be able to give him on any I'udden Enterprize, if no fuch thing could be undertaken, he Ihould be neceifi rated to lay hold of proper Mea- fiircs for his Matter's Intereft, and to leave the Management of Matters in Spain to their own Condudt. The Admiral alfo acquainted the Vice- Roy that he could not, with Prudence, admit of our Troops marching far into the Country, fiiice their Return might be very uncertain, and that the Fleet would for Want of them be cxpofed to Hazard fliould the French appear ; but that if any Place could be attempted without the Formality of a long Siege he wo^Id to his utmoft aflift in it. Hereupon the Vice- Roy determined to march towards Talamos, defiguing to be fo near that Place on the leventh of this Month, as that when the ^ngl'tfl} and 'Dutch Forces were on Shore, an Hour's March might enable them to join him ; and by their Affittance he was in Hopes to oblige the Forces in that Place to a ^eedy Surren- der, The Admiral communicated this to Brigadier-General Stuart, and it being agreed in what manner the Forces lliould land., Care was taken to furniib them with Provifions, and all Things uccefla- ry i and as a conuderable Number of Marine Soldiers were incorpora- ted with them, fo was it determined between the Vice-Roy and the Brigadier- General that the Forces (hould be put on Shore the ninth in the Morning, and that he fhould follow the Orders of the faid Vice-Roy, or any other fuperior Officer, according to the Difcipline of War, All the Long-Boats in the Fleet were got ready, with a Lieute- nant, and two Gunners Mates to each, to attend Sir Martin Beck- '««, upon the firft Signal that ihould be made for bombarding Ta- ^fios; aad the Admiral did not only recommend it to the Vice- Roy to give the Brigadier- General the Pott due to him on all Occa- sions, but defired aUb that the Soldiers might be in Readincfs to X X X embark 521 'lit' Rejfons of the .iJiiit- Ina^ .It l},,r (.'■."ifl.ii/.t v.ule Oy tU ..Jiiiiux., of the hi lie Af- lillaiiic pvcn iv thi. spani- aicis. The Vice' R-iy ihterinnes to wa'ih tc- wnrfls Pal.i- mos. It is itpeeil to put the Land- lorres on bhore from the Vlttt. If' 522 NavalTranfaBions of the Englilh, Book IV. embark upon a Signal of the Enemy's approaching with a Naval Force. The Admiral receiving from the Brigadier- General frequent Ac TheAdmird', ^ounts of his Movcments, he let the Vice King know his Opinion' J't"Tw^\\' that fincc the Enemy appeared in Battaliu, it was to prevent his 1.11U0S. ' laying Siege to the Town, and that therefore if his Troops, with the Reinforcement from the Fleet, were not liafficient hoth to attack the Place, and face the Enemy, there was bur Imall Hopes of car- rying it, infomuch that it was moft advifeabic for the Spantjh For- cesto march off to their former Pods, while he with the Bomb Vcf- fcls endeavoured to lay the Town in Allies. An Accotin: Although the Bufinels of the two Armies doth not fo properly rc- of the prn- late to the Dcfign in hand, yet poffibly it may be cxpcdlcd that 1 Ihould 7-'!'r"f'm°Z g'^'^ ^^'"'^ farrlicr Account* of that Matter ; and therefore pleaic to jmn-tion viih takc it as follows, viz. rAeSpiiiuids. On Friday the ninth oi Anguft there were landed near four thou- fand Men, EngUJb and 'Dutch, the {\x^ commanded by Brioidicr- General Stuart, the latter by Count Najfau, and marchir hy nine in the Morning they encamped at Nii^ht half Way bct>v^eu chc Landing- Place n'A 'T' alamos. At this time there was no otiicr Ac- count of the Enemy, than that they were ar a Place called Lo Bif bait about three Leagues ofFi but the next Morning, when our Men, who had the Van of the Army, marched into a Defile, they appeared in great Numbers, clpecially Horfe ; notwithftanding which our Peo- ple marching on poflcired the Ground defigned for them near the Town, and then the whole encamped, as well as any Body of Men could that had not any one Thing necefTary for it. Next Morning the Enemy appeared in Battalia upon the Hills, about a League offi and (as the Defcrters faid) were rcfolved to come to a Battel, lo that all this Day, and the next Night too, the Army lay under their Arms, our Men being not only without Tents, but even the very Bread which the Spaniards had promifcd to pro- vide for them: Nay fo little Care had they taken of this, or indeed of any Thing to fecurc themfelves, that had not our People carried on Shore fome Pickaxes, Spades, and other Conveniencies, not any Intrenchments could have been made. Early the next Day the French appeared drawn up within half an Hour's March, but after advancing about two hundred Yards they wheeled ofT; and this gave our Men the firft Opportunity of Reft fince their landing. The Admiral now ordered the Town and Caftlc to be bombarded, T/«To:i'» «»(i which was done lb efTeiftually, notwithftanding the Sea ran high, I'lll'omb'l^d- ^^^'^ '"^^ P"^ ^^^^ of one and the other was beaten down, and the mob om ar - j^p,^jjjjjjj,f ^y^g Qp^ fy.^ jj^ leveral Places. Thus ended the Attempt on ^alamos; for the Veflel fcnt to the Coaft of 'Provence Kinm'^ to the Fleet next Day, and brought two of the Inhabitants of 'Thou- /on, who pofitivcly affirmed that the French had fixty Ships ofW^ar there, ready in all refpedls to put to Sea ; w hereupon the Admiral fcnt to the Marquefs Gajlanaga, and defired the Troops might be returned, the better to enable him to go in Search of tha Enemy, adviling I marcliir h; nine Ill, B^^idV ■ Chap.XIV. from the Tear i688, to 1691- 523 advifiii!? him nor only to ni.irch away at the fame time with the Sprnfi Army, but rcprcicnting how improbable it was for him to take falawos, fiiicc our Forces and theirs thus joined were but e- r/.< Admirai qualto the Enemy, and barely lb too. The Vice-Roy was of the '^■^^••f'> the Adminl's Op'r.iou, but all or moa of his General Officers were for Tufla'","' Jetting down beior: the Town; and fuch was their L" eafinefs, that wnh his Fir, Ibtneofthcm could not refrain letting Words fall to the Prince of'"- Uijfc, who commanded the Emperor's Forces, which bcipoke in theinno ill liking to the Interclt of the Freuc/j: However, within two D?.ys their Army decamped, and marched to St. Fe/iu, from whciic they dcfigned for OJiahic; and our Troops wiih thole of the Swies General, returned on board the Fleet, very little obliged ''" a.-c.-^rji,,^,. by the opanijh Officers; for during the whole time they were on '^ "''"'"' Shore, hardly onn ofrhcm had an Invitation to partake of fo much as an ordinary Repaft. The Forces were no fooucr embarked than the Fleet proceeded to iheCoaft oi Trovence, where they met with fuch violent Storms, V" f"'".' accompanied with Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, as rendcr'd a Con- '{"VhTfUn tinuance there very hazardous, fo that the Admiral judged it advife^ /"''» towards able to retire down the Strcights, and arriving in Cadiz Bay the lat- [.'joven'ce "Lt mUiof September, he 3ippo'mtQdSiT 'David Mitcbe/ly then Rear- bad iveathir Admiral of the Red, to take upon him the Command of eight Third ''^''-"". ''""* Rates, and as many Fourths, befides Imail Frigates, BomD-Vcflels, 'ihl'rut, ar- and others of the Etiglijhi and leven 'Dutch Men of War, from rive at Ca- feventy four to fifty Guns, and to employ all, or part of them, in fuch ^j^pj^jj manner as he judged might be moft for the Service, but to put him- Mitchell ujt felf under the Command of Sir George Rooke^ when he fhould arrive, ™'''' " ^it"*- who was expedted with a Squadron of Ships from England, '^°^ "' With the reft of the Fleet the Admiral himfelf failed for England, ^?iug one Firft Rate, feven Seconds, one Third, three Fourths, one ^^-^ ■idmimi Fifth, and three Firclhips, befides the Dutch^ and arrived the Be- j^nd w/li'lf* ginning of November. grcanft p.,rt 1 cannot but take notice here of the Unkindnels of the Spaniards 'f''" f'"'- iiCadiz; for Rear- Admiral Mitchell applying to the Governor that unHndnefs of the fick Men might be put on Shore into the Marine Hofpitals, was '^'^' Spaniards anfwcred that it could not be admitted without an Order from Court, 7//». ""' in regard they had expended much Money the laft Year upon that Account. A very gratefull Acknowledgment for the Charge the %/'^*Nation, as well as Holland, had been at on their Score : Notb^: that (as I am informed) they did, by ieveral Subfidies, en- able the Dutch to bear part at leaft of their Expence, but as for the %/(//', they had not one Penny more than a certain Quantity of Wine and Provifions, and that of no extraordinary Value, which was equally diftributed among the Ships as foon as they arrived in the Fleet. i ii iiM •; f^ I X X X X Chap. ^■•■^-^ ' ■ " ' ' '■ ' ■' -■■ ■ ■' ■ ^^ — ^ ■■ • — - -* SH NavalTranfaBionsofthe'EngMih, Book IV llf '! sir George Rooke ar- rives at Ca- dii. 1695. Conttnts of hn Infirucii- 0)11. A Council of Hur afree hozc to find up the Turky Convey. T'i't Vlcet vci y fickh. IVe had nnt Force /.1 o/fofe the iiiieriiy. A Council cj' ;i iir ap-ee not to flit to SCiU Chap. XV. Ah Account of Sir George Rooke'5 proceeding with a Squadron of Ships as far as the Bay of Cadiz, and of hts Return to England. TH E fixtccnth of 05fober Sir George Rooke with the Ships from England arrived in the Bay of Cadiz, the Charafter given him by his CommiiTion being Admiral of the White, and Ad- miral and Commander in Chief of his Majefty's Ships in the Medi- terranean ; and by his Inftrudions he was required to annoy the Enemy on all Occafions; to prevent their being furnithcd from thefe Seas with Naval Stores and Provifions ; to take under his Command the Ships of War left at Cadiz by Admiral Rujfel; and if he received certain Advice that the French had palTcd the Streights with the whole, or part of their Fleet, to follow them, or detach after them fuch a Strength as might be proportionable to what they had. The twenty firft of November he called a Council of War, where were prefent himfelf, Rear- Admiral JV//Vf/jf//, Rear- Admiral iVfx;//, and his Firft Captain', Captain Bokenham. They confidered how the Ships bound to Titrky might be moft fafcly convoy 'd thither, and dfctertnincd that their Guard fhould confift of four Ships of War, two for Smyrna, and two for Scanderoon^ and that they fhould be accompanied with a Squadron of font or five more, and two Fire- ihips, as *ar as Cape Matapan, thefmoft Southern Promontory of the ^(jr^rf, or higher, if it Ihouid be judged rcafbnable: That then the Squa- dron Ihould return, and ift their Way call at Algier, after that croii over to Aiicant, and fo along the Coaft of Spain, unlcfs they had Advice that the French had a ftrongcr Force abroad. The Ffcct at this time was very fickly, and with great Difficulty the Spaniards were prevailed with to permit one hundred and fifty Men to be todkcd in the Hofpitals at Cadiz ; nor was that granted, but upon Condition that we ihould find Beds, Medicines, and Re- frcflimchts. Our Force united was not fufficient to oppofe the Enenjy, and therefore all that coulrf be done was to protedt the Trade, until fuch time as the additional Strength expected from England were joined; and Sir George Rooke being convinced, by all Advices, that the French vferc making great Dilpatch for an early Campaign, he cal- led the Officers together, to confider what might beft be done, who (both Englijh and 'Dutch) agreed, that fince there were but thirty Ships of the Line of Battel (not above half the Number it was be- liev'd the French would come out with) they could not be able to impede their PafTage through the Streights, and that therefore it was not reafonable to put to Sea and lie in their Way, but never- thelefs to keep out Cruizci- for Intelligence. This h, BookIV. I Chap.XV. from the Tear 1688, to 1691* 525 This Council of War was held the nineteenth of January t and '''py frclli Intclli'^cncc occafioncd another the twenty third following, ^"'thtr when the FlagOfHcers found no rcafon to alter their former Rclb- ^/""','' [*,\ lutions : But left the French Fleet fliould appear at Cadiz before tin within tdc Reinforcement from England arrived, it was agreed that the ''"mai c«y?/« Ships fliould be removed within Tuntal Caftlcs, and formed in ;«'/,,"'*" three Lilies as follows ; the firft (to confift of the largeft^;;^////? Ships) 10 lie from -Puntal athwart the Chanel, to the Creek's Mouth called fmcadero, next within the North Caftle ; the fecond (to be com- nofcd of the Imillcft Englijh and 'Dutch Ships) along the Shoal on the South fide of the Harbour ; and the third (to be of the biggeft T)\iUb ships) to begin from the upper end of the fecond Line, and 10 trench away athwart the Chanel to the Mouth of the upper Creek which goes to Port Real; and the Itnal! Frigates, Boaib- V:l' .Is, and Firclhips, were to be ported to the beft Advantage, as the Wind, anci other Circumftances might permit. This indeed was allwhicii could be done, for the Ships, generally Ipeaking, were not above half mann'd, and thofe of the T^utch were fb very foul, that had they met a greater Strength of the Enemy at Sea, they would in all Probability have been a Prey to them. Things being at this pafs, and our Squadron in a manner block- ed up at Cadiz, au Account came from the Vice-Roy n't Andalujiay that he had notice, by an Exprefs from 'Portugalj of five French Ships in Lagos Bay, from feventy to eighty Guns, and thereupon Rear-AdmWal Rear-Admiral Mitchell^ with eight clean Ships, and two Firelhips, Mi'did /"« was fent in queft of them, but contrary Winds foon conftrain'd him *°,i ffnl oP to bear up. fime French The Admiral confidering the Weaknefs of the Force with him, **'^^- and how ftrong the Enemy intended to come forth, he, about the middle of February , lent home a Frigate for Inftrudions how he ihould proceed : But before he returned to him, he received Orders from his Majefty, dated the twenty leventh of January^ to repair Tht Admiral to England, unlefs he had good Intelligence that the French do- "^'1]"^'" %ncd not to fit out their Fleet from Thoulon early in the Spring, ,orViigLTd or that they did not intend to come to Sea with a greater Number cind:tii>naUy. thau he could be able to oppofe with the Strength he had with him, in uhich calc he was to remain in the Streighrs, and comply with his former Iiiftrudions. Thcfc Orders occafioned a Council of War, where it was deter- ^ ceuKcH of mined to repair to England as foon as the Naval Stores could be ta- ^!iZe"pm"e ken on board : And in cafe the French fliould pals the Streights be- come home, fore that could be elFedled, it was agreed to follow them immediately, *|" ".^H""^ and to leave a proper Convoy to brine home the Storefhips, though, ing'to'^Port''' toamuie the Enemy, it was pretended that the Fleet, and the great- Mahon. eft part of the Stores, were to be removed to Port Mahon ; but it was impoffible to keep his real Intentions long private ; for there were leveral Letters which gave an Account that the Ships defigned from England were ftopp'd , and that it was cxpcded our Fleet would be called home : Nor was it indeed advifcablc to continue longer in thofe Parts, for if the intended Reinforcement had timely < arrived li' 526 NavalTraiiJactions of f/;g£n^^lifh, Book IV Bqhap. Jht rttet for (1,1 haik to / arrived, the Strength would, even thcu, have been very much infe- rior to that of the Enemy. About the middle oi March Sir George Rooke put to Sea, but when he had beat it to and fro five Days, in very dirty Weather, wherein fcveral of tlic Ships Marts wore fprung, their Sailr blown away, and the grcateft Ships much ihaken, he was conrtraiu'd to re- turn to Cadiz ; and very lucky it was he did lb, for had he kept the Sea, the tcmpcftuous Weather which loon after happened might have put the Fleet into the grcatcll danger. It begun, and conti- nued with fuch Extremity, that divers of the biggeft ^Dutch Ships, Ditnaiti /«/- and of our Euglijh Merchant Ships, were forced from their Anchors {'"'/^ ''" ^^*^" '" the Bay, and Icvcral were loft upon the Coaft, among which three belonging to the States-General, one of them named the St. Teter^ of forty four Guns, between Cadiz and Cape Tra- falgar. Tht Thet I will not trouble the Reader with the Ex- pence not only of the Bombs thcmrdvcs, but of the Veflels where- in the Mortars were plac'd, otherwile than by taking notice it \,a« very confidcrable. During the whole time, the French fired from ^lince Rock, the Great and Little BeCy Fort Royal, and Point TyAmbour ; and at laft the Ammunition which the Bomb-VefTcls carried in with them being fpcnr, a Signal was made between Seven and Eight at Niijht to call thera off", and one of them, which had received much da- mage, was funk, to prevent her falling into the Enemy's Hands: But before I end this Account, fuffcr mc to inform you in what manner the Council of War had determined the Place fliould be at- tacked ; which was as follows : I. That rhe fix "Dutch Bomb-Vefl^cls, and three Englljhy Ihould batter the ^'mcc Rock, and the Fort called TyAmbouvy five where- of were to attack the former, and four the other. X. The other nine Bomb-Veflels were at the fame time to batter the Town, to be fupported therein by feveral Englijh and Dutch Frigates, and ether unall Veflels ; and iJo many Boats as could be fpared were to go in with fmall Anchors and Hawfcrs, to tow the Bomb- Veflels and Frigates, if there ihould be occafion. 3 . Two "Dutch Ships were to cruife W. N. W, of the Squadron, or ofTof Cape FrehcUe, and all the reft to lie as near as conveniently they could. In rhc next Place it was refolved to proceed to Granville-, on the ncighbouringCoaft of iVor»fi of not with much difficulty in deftroying Granville^ (which was a fair filoyef'^ '''' '^''S^ Town) even without the Lofe of a Man, and joining the Squa- ji Feint made dtou OH the ninth, a Feint was made of going to Havre de Grace, thereby to amuie the Enemy, but in the Evening they bore away for "Port/mouth to refit the Bomb-Veflels, and to get all things ready for attacking Dunkirk. His Lordihip propos'd to the Lords of the Admiralty that the great Ships at Sptthead might accompany him, becaufe the Scafoa of the Year was very proper, and that the Diilcrence of the Draught of Water between them and the Ships he had with him was not much ; bcfides their Countenance was neceflary, and their Boats would have aflbrdcd conflderable Afliftance. The Squadron being come to the "Downsy his Lordihip received ^"■'*"""'-« Orders there to take on board four hundred Land- Soldiers ; but °'''"' neither Mr. Meejiers, nor his Pilots were then to be found ; who coming loon after, a.Couocil of War was held, where he wa'. prc- * fcnt, o/jt'/V.'^ to Hnvre de Crjce. The SijiiaJnn ifh, RookIV. I Chap.XVI. from theTear 1^88, to i6si. 529 f:nr, and it was rcfblvcd to attempt 'Dunkirk in the manner follow- ing, w;s. I, To begin with bombarding the Ris- Bank and wooden Forts Thewamur Willi fix or cicht Bomb-VcfTcls, which were to ceafc firing as foon '^""^ "V as the Frigates and Machines came near the Forts. kirk. 1 1-. ir Englijh Frigates were firft to go in with 'Dutch Pilots, and r ury on two Firjihips, with as many Machines, to be laid a^iii ft t wooden J-'orts. Thcl'c were to be fupported by four Ships ot the Sra" s-Gcnc. il, of about fifty Guns cacn, defign'd to anchor jyiA and l-nrtcr the laid Forts; and three Imall 'Dutch Frigates, oniE.'j,/ fJj biiL',aiitinc, with an Advice-Boat, were to go near in with the Fircihips and Machines, in order to take up their I3uacs when the Men hid let them on fire. 3. At the lame time two Engl'tfh Frigates, two Ketches, and two FircHiips were to be fent on the Back of Brake, to dilperfc the E- ncin) s imall Craft ; two Machines, with as many Firelhips to burn liaiiift the Ris-Bauk, and aBrigantine and four Well-Boats were 'o bring off their Boars. 4, Two Fircfliip: ; ,J is many Machines were to be ready for a fecond Attack upon the Wcftcrn Wooden Fort, (if the firft ihould tail) to be liij p irced by an Englijh Frigate, two Men of War Pinks, .ind a Ketch ; aii J me reft of the Dutch Frigates were to be placed at an Anchor, Weftward oiihcBrake, ready for any Service. ij. Ail t; e great Ships were to be pofted off of G ravelin ; for it was the Opinion of the Pilots that not any one which drew above fifteen nr fixreen Foot Water could go out of the Eaftern Paflage wirii Safety. And now Mr. M"cjlers informing the Council of War that he had every thing ready, it was rclblved to fail the next Morning, as they did ; but it blowing frelh , the fmall Craft were difperlcd ; however the Squadron continued on the French Coaft, and Orders were lent to thole which were abfent to repair to the Rendezvous, which was Gravelin Tits, Mr. Meejlers being particularly fiim- moncd thither, who had thought fit to retire to the Downs ; but although he reprefcnted it to be dangerous on the French Coaft with a N. W. Wind, pofitive Orders being lent to him to join the Squa- dron, he took Courage, and did the lame the twenty ninth of Julj/f when the Weather being fair, it was determined to make the Attack the next Day, or as ibou as it might poflibly be done ; fo that on the firft oiAuguft, early in the Morning, the Bomb-Veflels got un- Tht Attack dcrSail, and ftood in to bombard the wooden Forts, and the/2/j- %«'""D""- hnk. About Nine they were all placed, and began to throw their Bombs very briskly, the Frigates at the fame time going in to pro- tedl them from the Enemy's fmall Crafr, of which they had great Numbers ; and many of their half Gallies and Boats coming out of the Pierheads, lay under the Cannon of the Ris- Bank. About One a Clock the Frigates, Brigantines, Well-Boars, ^c. which were appointed to go in with the Firelhips ar.d Machines to burn upon the Pierheads and RisBank, and to take up their Boats, weighed and went pretty near in, plying to and fro within Ihot of the E- Y y y ncmy's Jl' m 530 NavalTr'afjfaBionsofthel.ngMih, BookIV. ji Council o] War rtjolit to fail Jor Cit l4IS. nciny's Forts and Gallics ; and about two a Clock there was fcnt in tour Smoak-ihips that by being burnt againft the Forts, thcPco- Mr Mcfrter'. pIc might bc hliudcd who vcre u\ thcin ; out they had no manner smoah ships ,>f Succcfs ; for onc of tbcni ran on ground, and the others were Zd'ilitij]} ict on fire long before thcv came to rhc Forts : Bcfidcs, their Smoak »» «>. was lo inconfiderablc, thar had they been carried nearer, it could not have much incommoded the Enemy. The Bomb Vcfie!.! fired until it was five a Clock, at which time both they, the Frigates, BriganMnes, (^c. were ordered oiY. Seve- ral of the Shells fcli ir.o CacRis-bank^ and upon the Pierhead?, and three of the Enemy's half Gallics were iunk ; but they had iu all Places made Inch Preparations for their Defence, with Boats, Bombs, Chains, Piles, and Pontons with Guns upon ihcm, as ren- dcr'd this Attempt altogether impradicable. In this manner ended ai\ Expedition which for fon;^ Years pad had been dcfigned againft this important Port ; and confidcring the ill Succcfs, and that the firaple Machines (as Mr. Mccjters hiinlelf acknowledged) would be of little uic without Smoak- Ships, (as in- deed none of them could have been, either fmglc or together) a Council of War relblved to fail to Calais^ where it was agreed at a- iiother Conliiltation, that fincc Mr. Mecjlers had thought fit to ic- tirc with all his Machines the Night before, not any thing iliould bc attempted until he returned purluant to the Orders which were lent to him, but that when they arrived, all the Boats, and the ftnall Frigates, fliould be fent in to lupport them, which Boats were to bc commanded by a Captain of each Nation, the Etiglijh to go Wcftward, and the 'Dutch Eaftward of the Vcflcls which were to Mr. Niccaers be burnt, Of blown up againft the Fort : But Mr. Meejiers declining tlTyiuemi't ^^is Iccond Attempt, the whole Affair ended, though it afterwards with hii Ma- occafioued Ibmc Examinations before the Council, upon Complaints china, ik::. exhibited againft him by my Lord Berkeley, and by Mt. Meejiers againft the Condudl of the Sea- Officers. Not long after, according to what was agreed at a Council of War, an Attempt was made on Calatf in the manner following. The manr.tr of xhcrc was a ncw woodcu Fort at the Entrance of the Pier-heads, Cauls!"' "' whereon were mounted fourteen heavy Cannon, and the Enemy had fcvcral other Batteries to the Weft, which were great Obftacles to the Undertaking ; wherefore it was refolved to attack, and endea- vour to burn the Taid wooden Fort in the Night; for which purpofc Colonel Richards was not only ordered to fill up two Well Boars with ihe Materials of the Blaze Firefliip, but a formal Attack was defigncd with the Boats, at which time Colonel Richards was to begin the Bombardment of the Town. Accidents prevented the putting this in Execution until the feventeenth in the Morning, when anchoring Eaftward of the Town, the Bombardmeut bcgnn, and with fuch good Succcfs, that it was on fire in fcvcral Places by one a Clock, at which time the Enemy's half Gallics came out, and ftood Eaftward under the Shore, thinking thereby to annoy the Line oi Bomb Vcffels ; but the fmall Ships of War and Brigantines ftanding in, put them in fo great Confufion, that with much ado t they h,BooKiy. I Chap.XV II. from t he reari6n, t o 1691. 531 fhcy regained the Pierheads; and after this they gave no other Difturbaucc than with their Cannon and Mortars from their IcvcraJ Works. The Bombardment continued till Five at Night, during which time there were fired from the Englijh VclTcls about fix hun- dred Shells, and in the whole Adliou our Lois was very incon> (idcrable. Chap. XVII. Ca^ta'tnKohcxtVJWmot fent with a Squadron of Ships ^ and La^jd- forces, to the Weft-Indies, zvith an Account of his Proceedings, IT now follows that I relate what pafs'd in the IV eft Indies un- der Command of Captain Rohrt H'ilmot , who was appointed Commander in Chief of a Squadron of Ships, compoled of one Third Rate, three Fourths, one Fifth, and two Fircihips, and re- ceived Orders the fourteenth oi January to proceed from 'Plimonth 169!, mixi& America with twelve Veflels appointed to transport SoKiiers, Stores, and Provifions, where he was to take under his Command two Fourth Rates, and a Fifth. It was thought ncceflary to keep the Service private on which he ihe general was defigncd, even to himlelf, until fuch time as he got out to Sea, '"f""^'''"' and therefore the general Inftrudiions by which he was to be go- ,X tju'i'ion vcrncd in the IVeJi-Indies, were fealed up, with pofitive Orders to "»>'> to se*. him not to open them before he came into the Latitude of forty Degiccs, and then to do it in the Prefcncc of the Commander in Chief of the Laud- Forces, By the faid Inftrudiions he was diredted, ■ conttms of 1. To fail to Jamaica. the faid ^,n,. 1. To confider with the Governor of that Ifland, at a Council of ''J"^'"'^'' War, what might be done againd the Enemy ; and if he Ihould think fir, he was ordered to proceed to 'Petit Guavasj (a Town and Harbour in that part of Hijpaniola poflcfTcd by the French) accord- ing to fuch Informations as could be gained of the Pofturc of the Enemy, and to take with him ibmauy of the Land- Soldiers, and of the Militia of Jamaica, as the Governor Ihould appoint. 3. To order fome of his Squadron to cruife ofC of 'Petit Guavas^ and by all other ways to intercept Supplies going to the French from Europey or any of the Windward Iflands. 4 Upon landing the Troops at Tetit Guavas, or on any other part of the Coaft oi Hijpaniola in PofTcflion of the French, (if it ihoald be thought proper to do the fame at a Council of War) he was to ufe his utmoft Endeavours to reduce the Forts, ^c. and to deftroy the Sugar-works, Engines, and Plantations. Yyy S.M 532 NavalTnwfatHonsrfthcEn^Uih, Book IV. 1 Hii UHw if ; i f. W 'Petit Guavas couki he taken by our Forces, he was to dil- pole Matters lo, as that PoHenion thereof mii;ht be kept. A. To give notice to the Commander in Chief of the Ifland of HifPaniolay or the City of St. I^omingo , of his Arrival near that Coaft, and to dcfire his AnTiltancc by Shippinj», and the Conjuiidlion of the Forces, or Mihria there, for dcftroyin^ the F^icmy on that and the adjacent Iflands ; to which Knd the laid Govcmor had re- ccivcii Inftrudhons from the King 0*1 Spain his MaOcr. 7. But if by the Rcadinels of the Preparations at Iltjpaftiola, or Advices from the Governor oi 'Jamaica, it Ihould be jiulgcd advilc- able at a Council of War to attack the French betbrc his going to Jamaica, he was to do the lame. 8. If he gain'd Intelligence at his coming to Jamaica, or before his Arrival there, that the French were polfcflcd of that Ifland, he was to endeavour to recover it, cither by a Divcrfion, or othcrwilc, as a Council of War fliould judge molt proper 9. To hold Councils of War as often as there Ihould be occafion, to confift of the Lieutenant-Governor of Jamatca, himlelf, the reft of the Sca-Caprains, and of the Colonel, Major, and Captains of the Regiment, when thole Perfons ihould be on the Place, the Go- vernor being to prefidc, if prefent, otherwifc himfclf; and in his AblenCc, and that of the Lieutenant-Governor oijamaica^ the Co- lonel, or Commander in Chief of the Regiment. 10. If the Councils of War were held at Jamaica, there were to be added thereunto the chief Officers of the Militia, not exceeding fix ; yet in no other cafe than when the Matters to be debated Ihould relate to the Defence of the Ifland : But the Governor was not to meddle with the Difcipline of the Squadron ; nor was the Coraraa- dore to fend any of the Ships to cruilc remote from the Ifland without the Confent of the faid Governor and Council, if it might be conveniently had. 11. The Spoil his Majefly gave between himfclf, the Officer":, Seamen, Soldiers, and Militia, except Guns, Ammunition, and Na- val Stores, according to the Diftribution which will be hereafter a- prefTed. IX. After he had done his utmoft to annoy the Enemy, and for the Security of the Ifland, and remained thereabouts not longer than two or three Months, unlefs a Council of War judged it ab- fblutely neccfTary for ibrae elpccial Service, he was to return to England, and to leave five Fourth Rates, and one of the Sixth for the Guard oi Jamaica: But in his PafTage (if the Sealbn of the Year Ihould not be 'oo far advanced) he was to call at the French Settlements in Neiifoundland, ard endeavour to deflroy their, and protcd: our, Filhcry; after which he was to do the like to their Vef- ids on the Bank. Lattly ; And fincc the Sncccrs of this Expedition depended very much upon the good Agrcemcat between hira and the Commander in Chief of the LandForccs, (which was, indeed, not only in this Calc, but many others, found a very diflicult thing) he was enjoined to take care to prevent auy unnccefTary Scruples or Difficulties on that Ac- count, f Tbi I, BookIV. D ChapXVII. from the Teari6SS, to 169], 533 r/r Dijlnhutto)! of the Prizes and Booty that JhoulH be taken in the W'clV Indies. I All Pri/cs taken ar Sea were to be diftributcd according to an Ad otParliamcnt in that behalf: And of all the Booty at Land, a ih:ril part was to be lit afidc for the I.icutcnantGovcrnor ofy<«- wtf/fd, when Commander in Chief on any^Expedition, or to the Commaiulcr in Chief for the time being ; the other two Thirds to bi liilUilnitcd among the Officers and Soldiers, as will be hereafter more particularly exprcflcd. 1, His Majcfty's part of all Prizes at Sea was to be divided among the Seamen only, and the Booty at Land among the Land men. !. Bur when Land- men happened to be commanded on board up- on any Expedition, or if in their PafTage to the I Kijl- Indies the Trantport Ships ihould be engaged, and a Prize taken, lijch Land- men were to be confidcred as Seamen, and their Officers on board to receive a Share according to their Pay ; and in like manner the Seamen, and their Officers when on Shore, were to receive a Di- vidend according to their Pay. 4 That of all Booty taken in Service on lliorc, wherein the Commander in Chief of the Squadron for the time being fhould af- firtwith four hundred Seamen, or more, the laid Commander in Chief was to have the Share allotted to a Colonel, and the Officers ap- pointed by him to command thofc Men to be confidered as Land- Officers. <;. No Officer of the Militia was to be confidered as a Colonel, who cottimandcd Ids than five hundred Men ; nor as a Captain, if he had Id's in his Company than fifty, unids fuch Regiment, or Company, Ihould, after their proceeding on the Expedition, happen to be reduced by Sicknefs, or Accidents of War. Two Thirds of the Booty taken at Land was to be thus divided. To Field and Staff-Officers. Colonel, as Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, as Lieutenant-Colonel, — Major, as Major, ■ • Captain, — Adjutant, Chirurgcon, • Chirurgeou's Mates, — z, 4 fhares each, QiiarterMafter, — Shares. 18 lo-:- 74 10 6 6 8 6 Total 7z IP ' 1 1 ^ \ \ LI 1 u\l One 534 NavalTrapfaEH(msoftheI.r\g\i(h, BookIV. One Company. Share — II II — 44 ii 9 — • 3 — zoo Five Companies more, confiding of the likeT . , Number, jix6i., The Commiflary of Stores and Proyifions, Pay- } mafter of the Forces, Commilfary of the ii Mufters, and Judge- Advocate. — S Total X ) To the Officers of the Ordnance. Captain, ■ - Two Lieutenants, each 6 Shares, — Enfign, ■ Six Serjeants, Six Corporals, Two Drummers, Two hundred private Men, Enfign Mafter Gunner Gunner's Mate, Twelve Gunners, each three Shares, Firemafter Six Bombardiers, each 3 4 Shares, Mafter Carpenter . Three Mates, each 3 ^ Shares, — Chirurgcon, 74 44 36 7'^ 1x4 - 6 - II 6 116 if99 Total 1715: Two Thirds of the King's Part of the Prizes at Sea were to be di- vided after this manner, viz. To the Captain, Lieutenant, Mafter, Boatfwain, Gunner, Purftr, Carpenter, Matter's Mate, Chirurgeon, Chaplain, Midfhipraen, Carpenter's Mates, Boatfwain's Mates, Gunners Mates, a 3 Eighths' \ I Eighth I Eighth \ U Eighth To be divided equally amongft them. To 1, Book IV. ike Share It - II • 44 - iz - 9 3 200 } iz6i •:. Pay-y >f the^ II btal ^./) - 74 - 44 36 - 74 - 6 II 6 Ii6 if99 rotal i7if Sea were to be di- e divided equally gft them. I Eighth To be divided equal- ly amongft them. .1 Eighths To Chap .XVIL from the Tear i6SS, to 169^. $35 To the Corporals, Yeomen of the Sheets, Coxwain, Quarter Mafters, Dodlot's Mates, Chirurgeons Mates, Veomen of the Powder-I Room, Trumpeter, Quarter- Gunner, Carpenters Crew, Steward, Cook, Armourer, Steward's Mate, Gunfmith, Swabber, Ordinary Trumpeter, Barber, Able Seamen, Laftly, fuch Officers, Soldiers, und Seamen as fliould happen to receive Wounds in any Adlion where Booty or a Prize Ihould be taken, were to have a double Share, in Coufideration of the laid Wounds, Purfuant to thefe Inftrudions Captain Wtltnot failed from Tli- miith, and arriving in the OU Road at Sr. CbriJtofher'Sy one of the Leeward Iflands, departed from thence the twenty eighth of hkrch for the Ifland oi Savona^ which lies at the Eaftermoft End dU'ifpaniolay intending if the Governor of St. Domingo was ready to inarch to Port de Taix, to lail on the Weft Side of the Ifland, and alTauIt it by Sea, which he could not have done had he gone down to St. 'Domingo, or on the South Side, becaulc it would have been a great Hindrance to the Tranfport Ships, which lailcd very ill, and could not io well keep a Wind. The French at this time had nineteen Privateers out of Guada- liife and Martinicay and three Ships of War, one of forty four Guns, another of forty, and the third a Imall Dutch Ship taken at Camar- ret Bay, which Privateers were chiefly liipported by liich Merchant Sliips and VeflTels of ours as they frequently took, loaden with Pro- vifions for the Iflands : Befides, the French General had notice of our coming, and daily expeded the Squadron at Hi/paniola, where tky had muftcr'd up all their Strength together, and this notwith- lliiidiiig the great Care which was taken at horn;; tor keeping the Expedition private. When the Squadron arrived at Savona, the Coramadore met with a Letter from the Governor of St. Domingo, by which he afllired him that if he would come there he ihouid be afTiftcd in attempting the Enemy on that Coaft ; whereupon he iailed with three Ships of War, Captain Wil- moi Jails from I'li- nouth, and arriret at hi.par.iola. 1694. The French hat! feverat Privateers f-om Guada- U'pi. 4» Port de Pai{ not txicHicd. The Comma- dore lands Seamen to fu- flam the Troops, and thty fall into an Ambnf- (adt. Some Cannon and Mortars put on Shore, tut a great Delay in mounting them. War, and two Firclhips, having fent the Tranfports with the Re- rnaindcr of the Squudro'- to the Gulph of Samana^ on the North Side of the Ifland. When he landed he defircd the Artlftance of the Prcfidcnt of St. 'DoniingOy and delivered to him the King of Spain s Letters; but although he made at firft a Shew of Rcadincfs to con ply therewith yet he loon railed infignificant Scruples, by which twelve Days time were loft, and then it was agreed that he lliould forthwith match with fcvcntcen hundred of his Men, and one hundred and fifty ^//-r, lijhy to Macbaneel Bay, on the North Side of the Ifland, where the Squadron was to meet him. Accordingly the Coinmadorc proceeded to Cape Francis., which was the very Windermoft Settlement the French had, and when he had put on Shore the reft of rhe Etiglijh Forces within three Leaqucs of the Cape, he moved forward until he came within Guu-lhot of the Fort, iirom whence the French fired very warmly at our Ships, and in Ibmc Mcalurc difablcd one of them, called the Swan. It was concluded that as loon as the Soldiers could march to one End of the Town, the Ships Ihould batter the Fort, whereon were mounted forty Guns, and that the Seamen Ihould aflault the Back of it, the Ground there being higher than the Fort itfclf ; in order V. hereunto a convenient Place was fought for to land at, but they were rcpulfcd: However, the next Evening they went with a grea- ter Strength, and the Enemy imagining that we then intended to land, they blew up the Fort, and burnt the Town, laying Trains of Powder to the Houfes where any Plunder was, which had like to have done much Mifchief to our Men. Next Day the Commadore fcnt to the Spanijh General to know when he could be ready to go to Port de Vaix, upon whofe Aii- fwcr it was agreed at a Conliiltation, that Major Lillingfton lliould march thither with three hundred Engli/h, in Company of the Spa' iiijh Forces, it being (as they faid) about fourteen Leagues off"; but what was thus determined being not put in Execution, and the Men being unrulyj th^y ftraggled up and down the Country for Plunder, by which Means Icvcral of them were loft. The Commadore not hearing from the Forces fiuce they moved from Cape Francis, he called a Council of War, and propoled to land four hundred Seamen, to fee if they could join them, for he had Reafbn to doubt they were in Danger. Accordingly luch a Number of Men were landed about five Miles Eaftward of Port dc 'Paixy though they received (bme Oppofition, yet they burnt and deftroyed the Enemy's Plantations to the Fort it felf, to which the French retired ; but not hearing any thing of the Land-Forces, they came on board the Ships at Night. Soon after this Captain fVilmot had notice that fevera! of the Soldiers had ftraggled near Port de Taix, whereupon he landed the like Number of Seamen again, in order to join them, and the next Day put on Shore the Cannon and Mortars, but there was not lo much Diipatch made in mouDting them as might have been ex- pected. ic CHAP.XVIIL/r^?;/? thcTear 1688, to 16^1. 537 It was now refolved that the Squadron (hould fail to the Wcftward of port de Taix, where there was a commodious Hill to anuoy the Enemy, much nearer than the firrt intended Battery, and there ten Pieces ot Cannon were mounted, which lb much galled them, that ^^« '«"''"■'' in tew Days pare of the inward Fort was beaten down, and many ATviL''bli. People who retired thither were killed. ttred down. The third oijuly, between the Hours of Twelve and One, the rhe French frcnch lallicd our wi'h about three hundred Whites, and two hun- Mh "«'. *«' lircd Blacks, well armed, but the Commadore having notice thereof "" \'(l""' bv.iNo<;ro, dccached one hundred and fifty Men to receive them, being in a Kcadinels with the reft, both Seamen and Soldiers, to join thoiTi upon Occafion, by which means many were killed, eipccially their commanding Officers, and Icvcral taken Prifoners; and after this Defeat our Forces immediately rook Poffefllon of the Fort, Ti,e vort t»- iikrein they found eighty Cannon mounted, with good Store of*'". Peudc- and Shot. Tiic C!)l'^ncl of the Land Forces was Toon after defircd to fend his fick Men to Jamaica, and to keep thole who werfe in Health to alllll ill the intended Service at Lcogatic and 'Petit Guavas\ but neither he, nor the Spanifly General thought it advifeable confider- iug rhe Weakncfs of the Troops; fo that the Fort was demolilhed, 7/,^ jron de- and the Guns and Stores carried ofH which done, the Commadore moUjhed, and {Mto Jamaica, where having refitted the Ships, and put all things 'tluT^m''^ into the bed Order he could, he took his Departure for England tt'enceZTji- tlie third of September, leaving behind him the Referve, Hamp- ""'", »rid jlnre, Rudy, and vi'tt'rfw, the laft to bring Home fome Merchant ^'"'' '^"^'and. Ships when loaden, and the three firft (being Fourth Rates) to guard Jamaica until! farther Order ; but fuch Difficulties they met within their Paflage, not only by bad Weather, but frhe violent, and un- common Diftemper which feized the Men, rhat it was almoft next to a Miracle the Ships got Home, Captain /iTi/w^;^, the Commadore, with a great Number of the Officers dying, and one of the Fourth Rates, tor Want f Men to trim her Sails, running on Ground, «aj loft on the Sholes of Cape Florida. Chap. XVIII. .4 Account of the fpeeciy getting together a Squadron of Ships, when the French defigned to make a Defcent from Dunkirk : fi^tth Sir George Rooke'i Proceedings in the Chanel and Soundings. TH E Expeditions at Sea, both at home and abroad, the laft Year, ending as hath been before related, and no more Ships being kept out than what were ablblutely necclfary for guarding the Coaft and to convoy the Trade, the reft were ordered to the le- Z z z veral { ■ W am'!! ^m^ i6pf. 538 N^afTranfa£Hons of the Englifli, Book IV. veral Ports, th^c fo they rpight be timely fitted for the next Year's Service : But bis Majefty receiving Advice that the French intended tp taKe this Opportunity of embarking aq Army from Calais, 2)«#. kirkj and t\\e Ports thereabouts, and therewith to make a Delcent on England^ fignified hi^ Pleaibre by Admiral Rujfell to the Lords of the Admiralty the twenty firft of February^ that all the Ships in the Rivers of Thames and Medwayy as well as thofe at the JYor? Sptheo-dt Tlimonthj and clfewhprc, which could be got rcadv' f^oi^ld be ordered to repair immediately to the 'Dowis ; and for the greater Expedition, Orders were given to thofe at Tort/mouth and Tlimonth to take the Men out of Merchant Ships, and to bring as many more as they conveniently could to other Ships in Want. The Civil ^agiftrates of Kent, and about Tortfmouthy were alio or- dered to iecure all draggling Seamen, and to lend theui to the Na- val Commiflioners relfding neareft ?o the Place where they (houlj meet with them; and the Commander in Chief in the River il/^(/. way was Ukewif? direiftcd to haften all the Ships from thence and the Neve to ths 'Dc-juns, as the Mafter- Attendant on Float was all Ships of War, FireAiip^i and other Vcflcis, fitting out in the Ri- ver. All the Boats belonging to the Ships at the Nore and Black- flakes wci;e ordered ijo imprels Watermen, Bargemen, Lightermen, and others, working on the River Medway • Befides which, general Oiders were ifTucd ?o imprels all without DiflinClion, except fuch as w^r? ^mploy'd 0^ ncccflary Services of the Navy, Ordnance, or Vidtuai^ing ; and tb .ifnu,- biy in few Days have come over with the Tranfports ; for, as Ibmc '*'> '""^ *" Prilbners related, they were of Opinion that fince our great Ships '-^""''"^''' were gone in to refit, and thofc from the Streights not arrived, v. c had not any Force at Sea ; and it is reaibnable to believe they de- (igncd to ftrengthen this Convoy by other Ships from Brcfiy and the Ports of Weft France. Thirteen of thefe fevcnteen Ships re- tired as clofe into the Pier of 'Dunkirk as polTibly they could, which, according to the beft Judgment that could be made of them, were four of about fevcuty Guns, three between fifty and fixty, and the reft finall Frigates. Sir Cloudejly Shovell with feveral Captains was fent to look on impranhabie them, but found there could not be any thing attempted with Hopes '"^"."""f'''" of Succefs ; and the 'Dutch Pilots fent by Mr. Meefters being exa- \oX. "' mined, they declared that when the Tides were mended, if the Wind was from the S. to the W. S. W. and a frelh Gale, they would ven- ture to carry fuch of our Ships as drew not more Water than fifteen or (ixteen 'Dutch Feet through Flemijh Road, and out of the Eaft Chanelby Newport., provided they did not anchor: But if any Ac- cidents happened, by the Ship's Mafts coming by the Board, or o- ihcr Interruption, they were apprehcnfive they might be expofcd to imminent Danger. Thole Pilots who came from Newport owned thcmlblves igno- rant of the Sands or Chanels about Dunkirk., fb that it was con- cluded not fafe to make any Attempt, and therefore the Admiral re- folved to come with the Fleet to Dover Road, or the Downs, buc firft to leave a proper Squadron to attend the Motion of the Enemy's ^ s.pajrm Ships, and Cruifers in other convenient Stations, which Squadron 'ijunirkwUh was pur under the Command of Sir Cloudejly Shovell. s,r cioudciiy The twenty third of March three Bomb-VefTels join'd Sir Clou- Shoveii. iejly Shovell, who then called a Council of War, at which were prclcnt the Captains of all the Ships as alfo Colonel Richards, and Captain Benbow, who agreed that it was not advifcable to bombard Calais with the fmall Number of Mortars they had, but rather to rhty iiMfor % until they could be augmented, and that more favourable Wea- '"''^'^^^''^'^'■' thci ofTcred for fuch an Undertaking. uis. The twenty eighth a Swedijh VcfTcl came into- the 'Downs which Z Z Z X had m 'm- iiifii"!' 540 T^avdTiYjifatYtons of the Englifh, Book IV. I he Mitflir vj a Sucii.di nfl's .u Ciiin' I't I lie ii,::ntieil De- (cent. /l^m'iral Alle- moiuk', and j'everal ships ci»>H in- to the IJowns. Sir Cloudclly Shovell ar- rives ojfof Calais, and the Town ioml/aidcd. Sir Cloudedy Shovell or- dered to Spit- bt-ad with the Fleet. had been the Day before at Calais, the Mafter whereof laid that a- bout five Wctks before, when he was ofTof that Port, in his Way to Nantes, he went on Shore to get fomc Water, and being there (cized, his Ship was carried in, as he believed, for tranlporting Part of their Forces to Eiiglr::.'. He added that Km^ James had been at Calais, bnr went from thenc^ loon after Admiral Ruffel came be- fore that Place; that in the Parts thereabouts they had near twelve thoul'.nd Soldiers, and about three hundred VefTels for Tranfporta- tion, which were dilberlcd before his coming away, fc that there was no more left in Lalais than the ordinary Garrilbn, and that one hundred and fifty of the fmallVeflels were alio gone to thefevcral Places whereunto they belonged, none of the Mafters thereof, nor of other ^Danes and Swedes taken up for this Service, having had any Recompcnce for their Trouble and Lois of Time. The thirty firfl: of this Month of A/^rf A Admiral y^//fwo«owns, from whence SirC/o«- dejly appointed a Squadron to endeavour to keep the French in at 'Dunkirk, and received Orders on the eleventh to proceed with the Fleet to Sfitbead, in Company of all the Dutch Ships, at which time there were with him two Firft Rates, five Seconds, nine Thirds, eleven Fourths, one Brigantine, and feven Firefliips, thofe hereafter mentioned, which were defigned to join him, being em- ployed on particular Services by the Lords of the Admiralty. Ships not in the 'Downs when Sir Cloudejly failed from thence. Rates. 3 Ships Names Berwick, Captain, 'Defiance, Edgar, Kent, 4 Burlington, Off of Calais. Rates. 1, BookIV. H Chap.XVIII from the Tear 1688, to 169^ 541 :d from thence. Rates. Fircfliip Ships Names. Burfordf Moutttasuey Refolutmty Suffolk, Larky Firebrandy Royal Oaky Norwichy Seventy I O^oi 'Dunkirk. 6 Greyhound. I I 3 4 Britanniay St. AndreWy Royal Katharine, Contenty Reftauratiotty Litchfield, Portland. (Gone to Shecrnefi foi la Forcmaft. rGonc to Tortfmouth to Irefit. ^Gonc to the More to brine vidtualling Ships to the ^owns. r Ordered from Shore- 1 ham to the 'Downs. At fevcral Places, uu- hder Orders to proceed 1 to the 'Downs. I Here it may be obferved, that the early fitting out of the Fleet, ^f' skkmfs and the Untowardnefs of the Weather, occafioned great Sicknefs a- "Ic'aiLJlTb moflg the Men, infomuch that near five hundred were put on ihore the early fil- x'Dealy and many who remained on board the Ships were in an ill '.ngoutofth* /,■..• *■ licet. Condition. A Liuc of Battel was now formed of all liich Ships as either were a Une of with him, or that might reafonably be cxpcdtcd upon any prcffing Bi'r''fi'">id Occafion, which amounted in the whole to two Firft Rates, five Seconds, twenty two Thirds, and feventceu Fourths of the Englijh; and of the Dutch four of ninety, or ninety four Guns, leven of fevcnty, and fix from fixty fix to fixty, befides eight Englijhy and live Dutch Firefhips, with five of our I'mail Frigates, and (even Bri- gantiues : Moreover there were two Firft Rates, the Britannia and it.AndreWy and a Second Rate, the St. Michaely which being un- der Orders to proceed to him to the Buoy oftheNore, join'd him the twenty third of A^ril. About this time there was Advice from OJlend that Monfieur Du Du Bart fit- hrt was fitting out at Dunkirk eight Ships of War and two Fire- '"qlld'on at lliips. The Reports of his Dcfign were various ; fome laid, it was Dunkirk, to join the whole Fleet ; others, to proted theVeflels bound from St. Malo and Havre de Grace to Dunkirk and Calais ; whereas fomc thought that he intended to cruife in the North Chanel ; while others had a Jealoufy that he intended to attack his Majefty in his PalTjge to Holland, though in my Opinion there was little reafon upin^n^M't to apprehend the latter ; for at the beginning of the War he did meeting the not think fit to attempt it, although his Miijcfty had with him no p'l\'"^" I other Holland. Ii.i;' !U..'il'll'li 542 NavalTranfaBions of the Englifh, Book IV. S:r deor-c Kooke ar- rives in the nowwsjroin - ,; the strci.niits, after he had difp^i-vi'.r Command "J . _ -^ the fleet. therefrom on parti.' He atriietat tj-,e thirtieth oi' y^pr a, havin^. SpithtaJ. ---... . -f .' -» 1696. Orrlen fciit him to pro- ceed into the Soundings. Other than foul Ships of any Strength, whereas 'Du Bart had Icvc- ral juft come out of 'Dunkirk clean, with which he lay by for (bmc time, not much beyond the Reach of Gun-fliot, without daring to gain himlcif the Reputation of giving our Ships one Broadfidc although he might, at plcaliirc, have run round them, without cx- pofuig himicif to any great Danger : But Blows being not his Bufi- ncls, he rclcrvcd his S(.|uadron for Ibmc better Oppoiiunity of Ad- vantage on Merchant Shipr, or fuch as could not make any confi- dcrablc Rcfiftancc. Before Sir Cloudcjly Shovell could proceed to S^itbcad with the Fleer, Sir Grorf^c Rookc, Asiminl of the White, arrived in thcBsw/j from the Stni '', av ,30k upon him the fble Command; and inch Matters as were neceflary, with rcfpeft 1-. thofc Ships he was ordered to detach itr/ics, he failed and arrived at Spitbead \ feme fraall Ships and the Bomb- Veflcis behind, to bring after him near a thoufand Men in fick Quarters at Tieal, 'Dover Sandwich., Ram/gate^ and other Places thereabouts. The lecond of May he received prcfling Orders to proceed in- to the SoundifjgSy but the Ships which came home with him from the Sfreights being not in a Condition for immediate Service, fmcc, befides other things, they more efpccially wanted Beer and A Council of Stores, hc thought it advifeable to call a Comicil of War, where it ^to\ixitZn ^^^ determined to lail with the very firft Opportunity, after they lie ship! could (houid be fupplied with what was ablblutely neceflary to enable them ti fitrnijiied fo Rccp at Sca ; but that in the Interim the State and Condition of the Fleet lliould be reprefented to the Lords of the Admirahy, which confifted of fix Firft Rates, eight Seconds, twenty two Thirds, and three Fourths, of the Euglijh ; and of the 'Dutch fixteen, whereof there were three of ninety Guns, eight of feventy and fevcnty four, four of fixty and fixty four, and one of fifty, befides the Fircihips, Frigates, and I'mall Vcflels of both Nations, being in the whole of the Line of Battel but fifty five, and the Englijh Ships, from the Firft to the Third Rate, wanted upwards of three thoufand three hundred Men of nineteen thoutand five hundred their allowed Com- plement. ^he reafon of The rcafon of the Fleet's being reduced to fo fmall a Number, was the Fleet's he- (hg othct Scrviccs hereafter mentioned, on which many of the Ships ir^ir at home were employed, viz. Number than Ships Names. Rcfolutiotiy Monmouthy T^unkirk^ Content^ Defiance^ Severne, Firefliips, Two, with what they uaniet't defigned. Rate. 3 Cruifing in the Sound- tings to prot(dt the Trades cxpeded home. Rate. iTb^TV HChap^^^^^^' fromtheTear 1688, to 1691. $43 Rate, } Ships Names. Berwicky EdgaVt LiOHy ^ Medway, Fircfliips, Three, ^ Cornwall^ Fircfliips, Two, ^ Tembrokej fircfliips, Two, J Humbert SterlingCaftlcy Elizabeth, Breda. lointcd Convoys for B'iJboat Ttrtugalt and the (Canaries. ]• Ordered to the Nore. }off oi 'Dunkirk. lln. Tortfmouth Har. J boor. .'■Gone to HoUaud mih Ithe King. rLaid up at Tortf- Xmouth. So that Icvcntccn Engl'tjh Ships (befides 'Dutch) were taken from ilic Number firft appointed lor the Body of the Fleet, all which were of the Line of Battel. Sir GVov^'f Rooke was, foon after his Return from Cadisi, ap- pointed Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Fleet, and dire(Sted 10 piocced therewith , and place hiralelf in liich a Station as he *"■ George might judge mod proper for preventing the Squadron expeded ff^olit'ina hrnTlmlon, with their Convoys, getting into any Port of France ; station to and according to ibch Intelligence as he fhould get of their Proceed- (^'^"",' '** ings, to remove to other Stations, for the more ef7e'^i'*i off 'f join'd him, whofe Captain was in the Morning informed by the ^»"'"°""'- Mafter of a Tortuguefe Ship bound to Rotterdam^ that fix Days before H I' :ii ■■i\ 544 NavalTratifaBions of the Engl ifli, Book IV. I J sir George Rooke ri- teivti Aitvirt of thi I'rcnch Shift, A gri*t Want o/cruifingtri- Thi Lime brtnp 11 Ac- count of the Frenih ihift eomiiig thro' the Stteights. The Fleet com- in;, of of U. fliant. Advice re- ceived of the French Shipi being got tiilo Breft. before in the Latitude of forty five Degrees, Cape finiflme then bearing South, diftant about forty Lca>;ucs, he incr with a Fleet of I Frenc/j Ships of War, being in all forty Sail, thirty four of thcin from fifty to eighty Guns, as tiigh ;)S ho could jiid^c, and that they were then ftcering away N. N. E. with the Wind W. N.W. four of I them Flag Ships, viz. the Vice and Rear- Admirals of the White, and Vice and Rcir- Admirals of the Blue. The Admiral was in great w ant of cruifing Frigates for Inrcllj. gcncc, inlomuch that the French Scouts and I'rivatccrs made their Obfervations without Interruption ; and by rcalon of fmall Gales Southerly, our Fleet was kept on the Coalt of England until the twcUth. The Night before the Lime came in, whidi Ship r'.c Admiral had left to cruiic -^bout the Seri'i(^hrs, her Captain having received Ad- vice the Iccond oi /Ipril from the Ent^lijh C-miIuI at Ma/aga, that the French Fleet were feen olT of /Ihni-ria Bay the twenty eighth of the preceding Month; and tiie ninth o^ April he was farther informed that chey were plying Wcflward o(I' of Cape de Cafes, and that eight of their bcft Sailers were got as low as Mntrii Three Days after, by the help of a ftrong Levant^ he got through the Stretghts, when lying ofTof Cape Spartcll to oblcrve their Motion, about Three in the Afternoon he made four of them coming down the Barbary Shore, which giving him chafe, they forced hira the next Day into the Bay oi Cadiz^ where he had Advice the (ixtccnth, by an Exprels from Gibraltar^ that the Enemy were at an Anchor off of that Place. The twenty firft he plied up to his Station oiF^ of Capo Spartell, and faw near fifty Sail coming down under the Land before the Wind, but five of them making towards him, he could not difcover the Body of the Fleet again until next Morning about Ten, when they were between the Bay o\: Lagos and Cape St. Vificent^ going away large with a prcfl Sail, the Wind at E.S E. The fourteenth of Alaj, in the Morning, our Fleet came on the Coaft oi'VJhant, and then a Squadron of Ships, wirh fmall VelTels, were fent under the Command of Captain Bazil Beaumont between that and the Main for Inielligcnce. VVithouc any Refinance heftood in to Camaret and Bertheanme Bays, and law as much iw Broad Sound as it was polfible to do without paffiug their Forts, counting twenty two Sail, fcventcen or eighteen of which he judged were Ships of the Line of Battel, and eight or nine of them with three Decks, with four Flags "^ ^- Admiral, and Vice, Rear- Admiral of White and Blue, and Rear- Admiral of the White, which, according to the Opinion of the Pilots, were all the Ships of Force they had there: But by the Captain of a French Man of War, called the Foudroyant^ taken by Captain Morris, the Admiral was informed the Thoulon Fleet got into Breji the fifth, Old Style, and that they were forry (even Ships of the Line, four others being obliged to re- turn to Thoulon, by realbn of the Damage they received before they pafiTed the Strcights. This Prize had not been at Sea, but was now going to join Monficur Chajieau Renault'^ Squadron, one of which he took Captaui Norrk's Ship to be , their Station being, Chap.XVIU. from theTear 1688, to 1691. '=545 vj towards him, he P being) as he i^lJ, ahuuc S W. an J by W. forty ciglit Leagues from Scilh} '" Number two Ships with three Decks, two of Icvcnty Gun:». two ot fixty, anJ two of about thirty ; but by the Account eivcn by Cii^ain ///;s i\itt'tck, it w as judged that even this Squa- droiiwa"! Iccn going into Hrcji, Ibme whereof he had certainly en- njijcdwith, luil they not retired upon dilcovcring other of our Shins advancing towards them. Upon the full Account given by Captain Beaumont^ a Council of War of all the H.\g Ofliccrs was called, and fnice it appeared uncer- tain whether or no the f houlon Fleet was got into Brcjt^ it was rc- IoKtiI to continue in ihc appointed Rendezvous as long a- the Winds hmv Eallcrly, in Expedation of the Ships ordered to reinforce the fleet, and in the mean time to endeavour to gain farther Intclli- U'licc, by taking People from the Shore, and lending a iinall Fri- niT, with an Advice Boat to Belle Iflc, to dilcovcr whether any put of the Fnucb Fleet w as there. But upon the aforemention'd Account, received afterwards from Captain Fitz, 'Patrick, and what wj» reported by iomc Pcrlons taken from the Shore, it was judged tliac was no room to doubt of the Thoiilon Fleet, and Moufieur ^■'fmwd's Squidrons b.iiig in Btrjl ; (b that the FlagOificers were called together agjin the eighteenth, when they rclolved to lie as near the Ren lezvovis as pofllbic, while the Winds hung Northerly orMcrly; but upon the firft Ihift Southerly, or Wcfterly, to rc- ^mtoTo'/f.iy, as the Lords of the Admiralty had directed by their Orders of the- twenty ninth of the laft Month. The next Diy Vice Admiral Evertfon^ with twelve 'Dutch Men ofU'ar, j lined th; A Imiral, together with an Engti/h Fourth Rate, ik S:iiiJt'rla'td, and the For^rt//^ Firelhip, as Vice- Admiral -<^/wer alio did ill the Elizabeth, with the Newirk and Mary, and bc- I'Tn thirty and forty Sail more, among which were the Bomb- VclTJsand Tenders: l^uc, according to what was determined, the FVet came to Torhay the twenty third, fevcral Cruifcrs being lla- iii) cd between 'Vjhaiit and the Ifle of Bas, the Start and V/hant, a"JoTof th: Lizard. At this tune the whole Naval Strength was CMC hundred and fifteen Ships and VefTcIs, fixty fevcn of them.£^«f- lljhy .iivd forty eight ^iJutch, whereof eighty five were of the Line of L.tte!, of which forty nine were Englijh, viz. fix Firft Rates, n}S' Seconds, twenty tight Thirds, and leven Fourths. Of the 'Dutch there were thirty fix, eight of which carried ninety Guns, fourteen between fcventy and leventy four, eleven of fixty four, and three of about fifty ; but fcveral of their Companies were very (ickly, el'pccially thofc which came from the StreightSy infomuch tnat there wanted full four thoufand Men in ours ; nor was there any great Profpeifi of their fudden Recovery, fince the little Villa- ges thereabouts were not capable of receiving many. A Council df IWir rtl'li: It contmut in ihi itaiiiin ' It it a/ltr- U':trd< deitr- mutiii to c, me 10 Tor- n.iy with thi /ir/l Southirly or IVeJItriy IVimt. Several Dutch and lingllfli ships jein the Fleet, The Fleet comes to Tor- bay. im Aa a a Chap, S^6 Naval TranfaEHons of the Englifli, Book IV. P: ! sir Ceorge Rooke oi;ler- iJ It hu iyi4iy tt thi Admi- rtliy BoarJ, and John Lord Berke- ley Id com- tnanil ihi flat. A Propofal m*dt ty Sir George Rooke for attimpiing tht French «/ Camirct. A Cmntil of War think it not prailuA- bit to atttmfi the I'rcnch in fiteAHarbour. Chap. XIX. John Lorri Berkeley'^ Ptoceerl/M^s with the Fleet in awl about the Chanel, and of Jeveral Attempti made on the French Coafty &c. TH E twenty (cvcnth of May Sir George Pooh was ordered to return to his Duty at the Admiraltv-Board, and to leave the Command of the Fleet to the Lord licrkelcy^ who was appoiiucd Admiral thereof; but before he came on Ihorc, he had Advice from CommiflloDer St. Loe at 'Plimonth that one of our Advice Boats, the Mercury, had counted a little above Camaret Bay fcvcnty Sail of French Men of War, all ready to come to Sej, with four Flags flying, three whereof Blue and one White, and in the Bay itlelffive (mall Ships more ; which Account he communicated to the Lords of the Admiralty. Being come to Town, he made the following Propofal to the Duke oi Shrewsbury^ Principal Secretary of State; " That the Body of the Fleet fhould lie in Camaret and aertheaum'c *' Bays, and a Detachment be made to fiiftain the fmall Frigates and " Bomb-Vcflcis, while they went in to do what Mifchicf they could, " It was his Opinion that by thus blocking up the Enemy's Fleet in *' their principal Port., infulting their Coafts, and burning their Towns ♦' at the lame time, it would cxpofc them to the World, make them •' very uncafy at home, and give Reputation to his Majefty's Arms; " and this he believed might be done, if fpcedily undertaken, with " the AfTiftancc of lome I'mall Frigates, which were much wanted. The Lord Berkeley arriving in Tor bay the third of June, he im- mediately betook hiralclf to the Dilpatch of all things ncccflary ; and fincc a Council of War, both of Ettglijh and 'Dutch Flag Otfi ccrs, thought it not pra(ibicablc to attempt the French in the Fiar- bour of Brefi, he was ordered to confult with them how the Fleet might be bcft employed the remaining part of the Summer. It was agreed, if the French dilarmed not, to proceed to the Coaft of France for the Space of fourteecn or fifteen Days, for that thereby if they had not an Opportunity of deftroying fbmc of their Shipping, yet it might very much alarm them, and occafion the V^eakcning their Armies by keeping up their Militia, and (landing Forces. It was alfo determined, that upon notice of their fending any Squadrons to moleft our Trade, an equal Strength (hould be de- tached to oppofe them, and that when the French dilarmed their Ships, it would be convenient to divide ours, Ibme to bombard their Towns, and others on ncccflary Services : but yet that the whole ftiould be fo dilpolcd of as that they might unite upon any emergent Occafion. On the fixteenth a Council of War was called, upon the Receipt of Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty, touching the Fleet's ly- ing Ih,BooKlV. fl Chap.XIX. fro m the Tear 1 6^% , to 1691. 547 ini; in licrthcatimc niu! Cutunret Bays, ai>d a S(|ii.idrnirs being fcnt with the Bomb- V (r. ts to clctlrny lorac ot the hrcncb Towns ; and tlKUinh ir was jiuli^cd that the Fleet could not tide in cither of thole Uiysotu of lionib Ihot, ycr was it rcloivcd to iail, when Weather -* t^A'/*/'-" wmild permit, and look ilicrcinto, and endeavour to dtllroy what '('^.{'jl^','!'^'!^' Ships tiKy might nicci with rlicre. Accordingly the Admiral turn'd ( iViuu'i *" it up as hr^h as 'l^ivt mouthy but the Tiilc ')f Kl)b being Ipcnf, and '"'>'• It blowing hard at W. S.W. he was conllrained to repair to Torbay^ 3iid the next Day, being the nineteenth, the 'Dutch Admiral had Orders fiom itis Majctty to lend to Holland eight Ships of the Liuc ' ;;''",^b"[','). Ot'Battcl. _ Shil'i ordliid The Weather being fair, and the Fleet failing the twenty fourth '""" oijitnc, with thcWmd at N. N.W. tlicy had the good Fortune to I'ct out of the Cluncl, and in Ihuad Sound one of our Ships took a Fnnch Privateer which came from Ihtjt Iburteeu Days bcibrc. The Priloncrs iaid all the great Ships were up in the River; that ^''yi'* neii- ^ there wore about thirty Sail in /^r/Z/Arf/fr, cleaned, and going "„'/„'J, '„^,'* our in two Squadron"!, one under rhc Command of Monfienr Cba- s^iudrom at urn Renault y and the other with Monfieur NcJmond\ whereupon "j'!)/^"^, It was determined to Iail wich the Fleet to Belle Iflc, and from ciuu'urKc- thcucc to lend ten Ships to protcdl the Bombardment of St. Mar- •""'' "'"' im and Olonne. ^'^""""'^• The fourth of 'July the Fleet anchored about two Leagues from t"*' tint an- Mk Ifle, Ihme of onr Men having been landed before at Grouais^ I'^'jj^ fu^and vhcre they burnt moll part of the Vdl.'.ges, and killed and brought uli mii'thu" olTmany Cattel without any Refiftance, tor the People had dclcrted "' (irouai> the Klaud. A little before the Fleet came to an Auchor , all the ]"u,"''"' Barges and Pinnaces were lent to Houat^ one of the Iflands called ikCardiualsy where the Men landed, and brought off about three hundred Head of Cattel. Next Day the Keuty tioyne, and Torbay^ with two TiHtcb Ships of War, and all the Long Boats of the Ad- miral's Divifion were lent toGrouais, and about levcn hundred Soldiers and Marines landing there, they finiihed what had been be- gun, by burning almoft twenty Villages. The Boats employed a- gaiuft bouat were ordered on the like Service againft Heydic ; lb that, upon a modcft Computation, there were deftroyed about twenty Velfels, and thirteen hundred Houfes ; and near fixtcen hundred Head of black Cattel and Horlcs were killed. Upon the Ifland Grouais there were not any F'ortifications, but on each of the Cardinals there was a Fort, with a deep Ditch au'^ a double Wall, to which the la- habitants, with fomc Soldiers, retired. Thelc Services being per- ibrmed, the Admiral had thoughts of landing on Belle Ifle; but I'lncc there were but two hundred and forty of Colonel Norcott's ^'' '''"J'"' Men, (the red being gone with the Bomb-Veflcls) it was not judged lj?,s71tBeiit advilcable ; for the Enemy had there twenty five Companies of the 'jii- Regiment of 'Picardy, befides three thoufand lllauders , who could carry Arras. Thus ended thclc little Entcrprizes, and a Council of War deter- mined that the Fleet ihould ftay off" Belle Ifle five Days longer, to cover the Ships at the Ifle oiRhe, and then proceed oS'of'Vjhanty A a a a 1 the I i- f' on fuc/at- tost.M.\xrwi tcr having expended almoft two thoul'and Bombs and CarcafTcs, tbcv and Olonnc. j^^j^^.j ^^^ pj^^^ ■ > On the nineteenth Captain Beaumont met with a Ship from Lis- Movfieur^itt- boti bound to the 'Doians^ whole Maftcr infornicd him that fbar moiid /«» ar Days before he fell in with a Squadron of nine Sail, commanded by \'hantthi{"' Monficur Jslefmond^ in the Latitude of 46, about eighty Leagues from the Northward Cape ; that he was on board the Coin- raadorc, and underftood they had not been above four Days iroin Br eft, being bound off of Cape St. Vincent to look for the Spaii'.jh Weft-India Ships. The Fleet being now in great want of mod Species of Provjfion?, the Admiral judged it ablblutely neccflary to move Eaftward, IcH what they had yet remaining Ihould ipend fader than they could be fupplied, but more elpecially if the vidtualling Ships expcdcd from Fortfmonth happen'd to be detained by Weftcrly Winds ; and having made a hard fliift to vidual ten third Rates, two Fourths, vce-A,h>mai and tvvo Fircfliips, he put them under the Command of Vicc-Adrai- ^dtredfnio'the ^^^ Mitchell, whom he ordered to cruitc in the Soundings for pro- Soundings teding the Icveral Trades expcdled home. ivith a squa- 5o liiany of the T>ntch were v ithdiawn, that there remained but The Body of eleven, feven whereof were to be part of the Weftern Convoy; and the Fiiet xtn by thefe Detachments the Body of the Fleet was fb very inconfidc- inconji.krabie ^Mc, that wjicn thc Convoys of both Nations came to Torba\, Ad- vttachmenr vswxiX Alkmonde was forced to go with his own Ship, m Company of others particularly appointed, to Iccure them well info thc Sea ; and it was render'd yet weaker, by Sir Clottdefty Shovclh bcinfr ordered by the Lords of the Admiralty with five Ships to Spithcai; i^ltfrT^cTat '"^omuch that thc Admiral foon after received Orders to repair thi- ;>ithcad. thct alfo , whcrc he arrived the thirtieth, with fix Firft Rates, as many Seconds, and four Thirds, together with four Fircfliips, and Ibmc fmall Veflels, from whence he came to Town ; but before he Icrt Torbaj the 'Portland brought in a Sloop of the Enemy's, whole Commander gave his Lordlhip an Account that Monficur Chateau Renault failed from Breft about fifteen Days before (on what Dc- fign he knew not) with fixteen Men of War, and two Firclhip^, which were viduallcd for five Months. And now the Service of thc main Fleet in a Body being over for this Year , it remains that I give Ibme Account of Vice- Admiral J ri Account Mitcbelts Proceedings in the Soundings, who chafing on the fix- "^ ^rdHn- teenth of ' 7/// three Ships which ftood Eaftward, which he judged cheii'j /'ro- to be Privarccrs, there happened on a fuddcn a violent Storm of cetdmgiinthe'^xn^ and Rain which blew away every Ship's Mainlail that was let ; the Torbafs Fore top- mail came by the Board, although there was not a Knot of Sail on it, and the lieftauration, a Third Rate, was fo dilablcd, that Ihe was forced to go to Spit bead, having; Iprung her Bowlprit, broke her Maiuyard, and her Main .\nd Mizcn- topmaft, Tiif Advice of Monfititr Chateau Re- niiult'j beuig at Sta, Soundings. 1, Book IV g Chap. XX. from the tear i6S8, to 16^1. 549 The twenty ninth the Vice- Admiral was informed from the Lords of ilic Admiralty chat the /^^//-///rf'/a Company defired the Squadron nji^ht cniilc tlucc hundred Leagues Weft from Ireland, between the Latiir.il s of 4V and 5-. for the better Security of their Trade ex- pfokil ho'iic ; but it appearing that the Ships had not more thaa four Wrecks Water, and not above three Weeks Butter, Chcefc, and othci Ncccniuic:, It was not thought pradicablc for them to pro- icui lb far ^Vcftvvard as the Company cxpedted tliey fhould. After this a Letter from Captain Crozv^ dated the tenth oi Aii- «'//, to tlie L<)rd Berkeley^ was taken into Confideration, by which lie 'ivc an Account ihat our Portugal Fleet was daily expedlcd home, whereupon a Council of War rclclyed ro continue in the former Sta- tion, ri\'y Leagues S. W. from \.\\zL:zard, until the icventh of Scp- tafkr, and then to rendezvous S. W.W. forty Leagues from the laid I'lacc, until the fifteenth : And fincc their Provi^lons would be then reduced to about ten or fifteen Days, it was determined ro make the bcft ot their way to Sp'uhead., where arriving, he, purluanc toOrdcrsfrom the Lords of the Admiralty, took caic forgetting the Emc.Sniidcrland., Expeuition, UamptonCourt^Mary, and Scverne, ready to go into the Soundings, in Company of the Newark, Chi- cklhr, and Rclinuration ; and having prepared the ncccflary la- llrudious for liieir lb doing, was conllrained to go on ihore for Recovery of his Health. This Scjuidron Captain George Meeze b ing appointed to com ca^/. George niaiul, he was on the twenty ninth oi Sefitcmbrr orjcr d to proceed ^^'f"-*^ 'h tkrc\vithinrothcJW«^/;;_^j',aiid ocri-' c there and cllewherc between coZman'da Dpc Clear and Cape Fiutjlerre, for Security of the Trade ; and ac- s-iuadro>i,and cordin''Iy he continued in that Station as lone as his Provifions ("" '?'" '** Houid hit, and then returned to dptthead with three trench Pri- varccrs, one of 38 Guns, another of 36, .ind the third of 14. In his Cruile he met with a Velfel from Nc-^foundland, wliofc ^'"'H'S'"" of Mailer informed him that eight Privateers, one of which had 50 'tZu'^ii"^ Guns, three of 40 each, and another j(5, the others Imaller, toge- had done ut thcr with two Firelhips, came on rhat Coafl the beginning oi Sep- V^\7' ^ tmbn\ and dcltroycd the Plantations of berryland, Agna Forty Fnviooze, Reaooze, Loude's Cove, Breakhurft , and the Bay of Bulls ; in which Bay our own People burnt the Sapphire^ a Fifth Rate, to prevent her fallirg into the Enemy's Hands. M I//, a Third Rate, Chap. h:xr-Aclm'iyal Bcnbow'5 Proceedings with a Squadron of Ships appointed to cruife againjl thofe of Dunkirk. THE Beginning of il/iZ)/ Rear- Admiral Benbowwzs ordered to command the Sqi.'.i.lron which lay off ot 'Dunkirk, to prc- vcutMoufieur "Du Bart's getting thence, which Slups he found ly- ing If!! uj.-*iit: II ■.! ■'M I!, h i*i .*.. lii III The Fren-l' Ships get cut from Dun- kirk. in Starch oj thevi. 550 'NavalTranfaB'tons of the Engliih, Book IV. ing North from thac Port about five Leagues. He went with his Boar within a Mile of the Enemy's .Ships in Fkmijh Road, uhicii were nine, all ready to fail, and fuicc the Wind was tlicu out of the Weftern Qiiarter, with fair Weather, and that the Tides were co;u. ing on, he cxpcdted them out of the North Chanel-, wherefore hav- ini; not Ships iufficient to cover both, he Ipread rholc he had, ]:;><, lijh and \Dutch, before that Paflage, and it being h.izcy next D.i\ he fcnt a Ship into the Weft Chanel, wherr there was not any thii'i > to be Iccn; and next Morning a Boat which was ordered clolc iu with the Shore, brought an Account that there was not any Ships in Flanijh Road ; lb that he found Monfieur T>u Burt had njvcii him the Slip out of the Eaft Chahel. 0;i the twentieth the Rear-Apmiral Ipoke with the Maftcr of a VclTcl Irom Norivay, who had Iccn du Bart, on the Well End of tilmrTt' ro- "-'^^ 'Do^f^dr Buitk, With clcvcn Sail, laying his Head Eallward uu- ceej'iTo ih° dcr his Low-Sails, the Wind at N. N. E. and being of Opinion tha: he would cruilc ibme time between that Place and the Texcl, he proceeded thither ; but the lititcb having no Orders lb to do, rcfu- icd to accompany him. The twelfth of June he received Advice in Tarmomh Roads that Monfieur 'Z>< Bart had met with, near the South End of th: T)o^gar Bank, five Tintch Men of War, and about fevcnry Mci- chant Ships bound to Holland from the Eaft Country, the loruiu of which he had taken, and about thirty of the others, but let li). yivtm/Diitdi jQ j-^m- of t|-,c Frigates upon the Approach of thirteen 'Dutch 'i,\m. Men ej i\ ur 1 • l. I" ' ar>dM.rd>ant wliicli gavc him chale. The Rear- Admiral no lboi,er received this Advice than he ordered the Ships bound to the Eafl Country to anchor, and getting under Sail with his Scjuadron he came up with the Trade Irom /////,', un- der Convoy of five T)ntch Men of War, by whom he was intormcd that they law eight Sail to the South- Eaft that very Morning, whci. upon they proceeded together in Search of them; bat not mcctui', thole Lrench Ships, nor any farther Account of their Proceedings, he returned again loTarniouth Roads, and lading from thence arrived at GottenbiPji^h with the Eaft Country Trade the thirtieth of "Jhiu\ having detached necelfary Convoys to the Ships bound to the leve ral fiorts. At Cottenburgh he was informed by the Mafter of a ^u- iiijh Ship who came from the Co'Jij and Calf in Nor'Ji'ay, that he had left Monfieur ''Du Bart there with ten Sail, cleaning and \v,itc; ing, who had, for his greater Security, placed a voufiderablc Num- ber of Guns on Shore. Our Ships were not in Condition to go in Search of him, other- wile they might very probably have done Service; but finee there was a Want ofProvifions, and many oiher Ncccflaries, the Rear- Admiral was conftrained to return to Tarinoiith Roads, and friMU thence to the 'Do'jaiis, where being liapjilicd, he repaired to Hum- burgh, in order to his leciiring from thence a rich Trade, which Lad only two Frigates for their Convoy. In his PafTi^jC toward"^ that Place he was mlbrmed the l.'iidTradi was arrived olfof Orfordnefs, lb that his Care for them being over, Du B.irt tah bhips. Rtar-.Adni- ral Bcnbo.v anil fovie Dutch 'ihlpi of War go in niieji 0/ OU Bart. He hears at Gi)lteiibui;;h that he -.('.is at the Cow and Cilf. The Rear- A.imiral le turns to Yai- iiumtli Roads, and then pro- ceeds to caii.- ■viy the Ir.ide from Huu- butijli. h, Book IV. I Chap. XXI. from the Tear i6SS, to 169^. 551 he proceeded off of the Broad Fourteens to look for Monfieur 2)» '^'" '^'"dti't- E0t, where on the fifteenth Day of September he met with ten '"!' gr7s'7jj of 'Dutch Men of War, which came from the North, bound to the the ijruad iMaes; and on the eighteenth he fpoke with the Rtii>y, together ^'^^''^'-ns- ^\i\i three Engl't/h Eajilndia Ships, which had come North about, \)i\\]0 dcfigned with eleven "Dutch lor the Ttxel. Next Day he (!ilcovcred ten Ships W. N W. of him, and making nt fen Du all the Sail he could to ipcak with them, found by their working |^^^"' "'"' that tin V were Monficiir ^Dti Bart's Squadron, who had miflcd the '''"' tairdl()pportunity imaginable of taking thole fourteen Eajilndia Mill: Two of our Ships got within ^iw Engitjh League of him, but the reft were near three aftcrn ; and when Mr. Bcnbow came to fteer tli.liimc Couile they did, it plainly appeared they wrong'd him ve- ry much; lo that lofing Sight of them, when the Night came on, anil they flicwing no Lights, he gave over the Chafe. About •* is time the King having Advice that the French were Apprchmfion making great Preparations at Brejl^ in order to a Defcent on this '('' '''J^"'" Kini^doii!, Sir Cloudrjly Shovell was lent off' of that Port with a con- d'^Ts/rCiou- lidcrable Squadron of Ships; but loon after it was found that this (kdyShovell F,qiiipmc*nt was no other than a Squadron of Ships for Monfieur ^^"^'J^'^'^^ ^^ '?w/^, with which he lailed to Carthagenuy as will be related in McnfuurVon- ir; proper Place. ly' s s^uadnn ' ' filling out. Chap. XXI. Rmr-/Jdmiral Ncvil'5 Proceedings to arid in the Wcft- Indies, ivtth an Account of his (^^tgaging a French Sqiia- (lycffy and of Mr, Mtcze'j taking Petit Guavas. I Now come ro the Squadrt-n lent abroad under the Command of Rear A'.'miral Nevil; who arriving at Cadiz the ninth of 11^915. ■i)icmbcr, apply'd hiniieU to ..he Governor, but could get no cer- «f. "^-z-' ',';«/- r.1!!; Account of the Spanifh Flota, nor did he find there was any "^■,-.^^'^.1^1,^1' St];udron of //w/f A Ships criiifing tor them. On the fixtcenth oi s,]uadron at jivmry Vice- Ai\m\rci\ Eve/ tfoti, wiih rhrce 'Dutch Men of War, '^ ■"'''■■ , and forty five Merchant Ships of Icvcral Nations, which had been y,!„„'"'utch Icparated in a Srorra, as alio the Turky Convoy, joined him, and as '^^'" "/ "'utch together with the Go/port joined him ; fo that after flaying a few Days to take in Wa- ter, and to fettle Ibme other nccclTaiy Matters, he got up his An- chors, and bore avvay for Antegoa, the Place of Rendezvous, but kept an eafy Sail, that ib the T)utch Ships might come up d-ich him, which had hooked feme Rocks, and thereto re could not readily follow. The third of May he went on Shore to advife with Colonel G'- drington. Governor and Captain General of the Leeward \hc.is who had Intelligence from St. Thomas's, Curasao, and 'Trwit.'ence Ifland, ti«a. the French defigned to attach Sr. 'Domingo, ii; orda whereunto they had foj fcveral Monchs pafi beer, cutting a T-arh through the Woods, that (b they might march by Land th'th't ' ' failed fiom'P^- HyceiieAn- i;; Gti.iv.ix the clcvciuh of Mirch, Old Style, with twenty fix ',"!!;, '""/-^ Si,hv,, Uniil unJ gvc.it. This occafioncd a Council of War, where Vomy'ssqua- ir \'us rcJr.lvcd Ibrthwith to proceed to Jamaica-^ and being oTof^'""- the E.til Eiui of that Ifland the fifteenth oi May, the Vice- Admiral ni?t wirh a Slon[i, whole Mailer informed him there was a filing Report of the Frcii':b Squadrun's being before Carthagena; where- ^^ j^^^^^ tore he ft lycd no longer than was ablolutcly neccfTary to take in ji.mg vtpon It % i'arcr, bur lailed from 'Port Royal, and attempted to go out of the "/'''^nty; >x'W Chanel, wherein he was prevented by the dying away of fi'i"^^,,^^/'"" the land Breeze ; for, contrary to the Knowledge of all Perlbns scqjiiiited in thoic P.irts, the Wind out of the Sea blew fix Days ami NiJks together. During this time an Eiiglijl) Sloop came in, which kfc 'Porto Bella the eighteenth of this Month, in Company ofthcG.iIleons, (which were fifteen in Number) and two Days af- ^^^^ ,,^^-^.^ t:r parted with tlici''i, fleering away N. N. E. lor JamaicHy where of ihe aJit- tkv intended to take in Provifions, being fo much ftreightcn'd that "'"• the; had not enough to carry them to the Havana. The Vicc- Adiniral lent out two Sloops to look out for them, one off' of the .'m 0' Toint Tcdro, and the other thofe of 'Porto McraiUy on >!,. Eaft End oi Jamaica, with Orders to let their General know t;uithc was going to Carthageria, to fee what could be done a- C;:n,(l the French, but than he would return to Jamaica in a Ihort tiiiie. The twenty fourth taking the Advantage of a (mall Gale ^^^^^ mhu pafia., Slinrc, he got clear of the Keys, (leering away S. E. by S. and /„ Canhage- S.SF for Cartbagena, and being the twenty ievcnth about half i^*"""" Seas over, that Part of his Squadron which was to Windward "^'jyi/l/^„. nude the Signal of feeing Ships (landing Wcdward, whereupon he fnur Ponty. inimcdntcly tacked and (lood after them with a prcft Sail, judging then t(. be cither French, or the Spanijh Galleons. Early next Djv he cilcovered them to be ten Ships of War, and two Flyboats, til ahicli giving chafe, the ll^arwick, a Ship of 50 Guns, coming on the Lroadfidc of one of them, fired at her ; but the French Ship 'ly wronging her very much in failing got clear. Soon after this thcafrrclaidShip ihc fVariJvick came up with aFlyboat loadcnwith , Cannon-Bail, Shells, and one Mortar, which VefTel (he and by this time our Squadron had gained confiderably up- on the Enemy ; but the Wind coming to the N. E. they got to Wind- ivard. la the Afternoon the Brijlol, Trident, Go/port, and Nev;cajile, being near them, they put their.lclves into Order of Battel, Mon- ficur 'Vonty himlelf firing feveral Shot at the Brijiol; but foon after it «as judged that Monfieur de Labbe, who adtcd as Vicc-Admiria, \v;rh auorhcr of their Ships had a Dcfign to leave them, as indeed it proved; for they being (hot confiderably ahead, did not endeavour to dole the Line. Somewhat before eight at Night there happened "S^i'iall of Wind, when our Ships which were ncarcil the Enemy ifiiiie a SiLVial that they had tacked, whereupon our whole Squa- dron went about, and ilood Southward jII Night with a (lout Sail. B b b b The I'ovdcr 'Oo'\ ; m lij t4 *■ m <(■ •' .K 554. NavalTr'a?}f/i£Ho?isofthc'¥AY^\i(h, BookIV. The next Morning, being the twenty ninth ot yl/rfy, it bcgjn blow frclh, when Monfienr To/Hj; wiih five Sail mnrc, \\a^ab ro nut which our bhil'i ret in an, fix or Icven Miles a-hcad of the Vice Admir.il, not bur tli t lo...(.> of our Ships were rniicii nearer him, and the Ciiale being coirimicd wich a frelh Gale, which occcafioncd a great Sea, tlic Bnj/o/^ Southampton^ and Trident, loft their Top-malts, and the Vice Ad- miral's own Ship, as well as that where Rear Admiral ^/,v^-' bore "t.vid his Flag, Iprang alio their Fore top mails; However thty chjlrc] all /;;nr,\;.>y?< Y)^^ jjj,j j^ the F,\cning the Rupert, Gnfport, Sunderland, (Jul- chcfter, and a ''Dutcb Ship of War, were not tar from thjc Enemy, who, without tacking again, (tood on Southward. Next Morning, as loon as it was light, Monficur Tonty\vi% lecn with five Ships about four Miles a-head, bur all ours were oiir of Sight of the Flag except the Sunderland, 'Pern broke, and Gn/port, and even they were confidcrably a-ftern by realbn of the Lois of their Top-mafts ; but as the Day came dn others joined, and then it was found that the Rupert, Colchejter, and ■n'Dutch Ship had in the Night met with the like Mislbrtune. The Vice- Admiral wc.ithcred and forcrcached upon Monfieur7^w;- t_y, iiilbmuch that he made a Signal for thoic Shij)|g, which kept a better Wind than he did, to bear down tr him; nay he was once fb nctr the fternmoft of them that they had like to have come to Blows. As the Day came on the Gale trcllicn'd, and about mnc it blew hard, at which time the Pembroke's Top-maft came by the boa J, antl about ten the Vice Admiral's Miin-Sail gave Way in two Pla cs, which he was forced to repair as .,. lay on the Yard. When the French law theic Mislbrti'ncs (of which they had themlilvcs no Share) they all took in their Fore top-Sails; forbcing iharp Ships thoy could not well endure the great Sea. The Vice- Admiral quickly iet hii> Main Sail agam, but running up with the Enemy che Clew of his Fore-Sail gave Way, the Sail itfclf fplit- ting from Clew • o Earring, and loon after his Fore-top-Sail flew in pieces ; lb that before other Sails could be brought to the Yards, the French wtrc flioc a great Way a head ; but he nude the SigOal for the Suudcrland and Go/port to keep Sight of them. The Main- top maft of tl . fivft ct thofe Ships \\ci\r by the board, and as the Weather-Clew ot her Fore top- Sail failed ; lo the Go/port alfo Iprung hf Fore M.iil. Through theic Misfortunes, which lo unac- countably foIloucJ one alter the other, the French Ships gained fo ' luch of ours that rl ey cou'd not be lecn in the Night, nor was it known wiiether they tack'd or bore up, or which Way they (lood, wherefore he Vice- Admiral kept on his CouMe Southward, but not any morcct his Squadron wen; in Sight the next Morning than the S'lndivland and Go/port, nnd 'hey a-ftcrn. Thclc unlucky Acci- t^nls prcvcrred rhat ricl; ]\''^'^K\\ *x\\\n^ into our Hands which Mon- ficur roi'ty had ^'irt(,. t;t hrr at the taking of Carthagena, and indeiu it is l< uicwliir ft..itm iiiat our Ships only Ihould thusiurtcr •a their Top-nmfls and S li- I know it h.r ; ec-i tUc.l^cJ th k, which kept a nay he was once : to have come to and about umc it •nuft came by the 1 gave Way in two n the Yard. ■ which ihry had op-Sai!5; for being t Sea. The Vice- in ing up with the he Sail itfclffphc- rc-top-Sail flew in t to the Yard«, the .idc the SigOal for iciii. The Main- board, and as the the Go/port alfo !, which fo unac- '-') Ships gained fo Ni^jit, nor was ic Way they flood, outhward, but not Morning than the cic unlucky Acci- {ands which Mon Carthageiia, and Ihould thus i'ufia ~~r~ 1 1 Chap. XXI. from the Tear i688, to 1691. 555 IS lofc Parrs ears out c weakened, and apt It ant to fplit even in the very Seanris ; but certain it is they as often anr in the Canvas too: And if our Sails were made of as good Stuff, and work'd i'.p as well, I can lee no Rcafbn why they fliould not have proved as durable as thnfe of the French^ who being cha- ied were obliged to put theirs to as great a Trial, even after they had been long'-'f expoied to the Heat of the Country. As for the Top marts, it is probable that the Lcfs of them might chiefly pro- ceed from the not letting thero down far enough to the Head of the lower M.ifts; or rather, t'.ie not lengthening the Heads of thole low Malt?, that fo one might have the greater Hold of the other ; i thing that hath fince bcci.' rcdlificd. The Weather at this rime was very clofc, and the Vice- Admiral judging himfelf to be about eighteen League;; fliort of Carthagena, the appointed Rendezvous, he Itood in for that Place to pickup his lliatter'd.lraggling Stjuadrcn, and in the Evening brought to within Sight of the Land, Rear Admiral Mecze, ^'iih fix Ships more, then joining him, which likewi'c had had all their Sails blown away. Next Evening he anchored before Boca Chiga Caftle, at the En- ttancc of Curthagetia Harbour, about five Miles Northward of the Town, when lecing a great Brcacli, he concluded the French had diimaiitlcd and quitted it; but that he might be better informed, he fentin a Boat with a Lieutenant and a Sfnnijh Pilot in the Night, who tbund in the Town not above forty Spaniards, three or four of whom being brought to him, they gave an Account that the French had taken and quitted the Place, and that all the People haddelcrted it lor fear of the Privateers, who were gleaning Mon- iicur Monty's Leavings. Hereupon he weighed, and coming to an Anchor before the Town, offered to amft the Inhabitants with Mrn, Powder, Muskets, tSc but although they began to flock in- '0 the Place, with Intention to ftay as long as the Squadron con- tinued there, yet would not the Governor advance from the two Days Journey he had made into the Country ; and the People were ib terrify 'd by the Privateers, who, after Monfieur Toiity failed, put many of them to the Torture, that they declared they would not ftay a Moment longer than the Squadron d; J. At length the Governor took Courage, and coming into the Tow'h next Day, fcnt his Lieutenant to inform the Vice- Admiral that he had not a Grain of Powder, no fmall Arras, or fb much as aMusket-Ball; nor was it reafonable to believe (confidering how the Sfani/h Garrifbns in thofc Parts of the World, as well as in thcic, are generally provided for) that he was over-ftockcd when the Attempt was made; but notwithftanding his prefent Want, he neither condcfcended to ask for, or to purchafe any ; however the Vice Admiral let him know that he was going that Night to Sea, be- ing apnrehenfivc the Galleons were in Danger, bur that if the Winds fhould hang out of the Way he would ipare hira what NecelTa- n'cs he was able. I may not here omit obfcrving, that had he proceeded dircd:ly to Curthagena, inftead oi JumaicM^ when, as it is laid, he H*-^ recei- ved Advice from the Iflaud of St. Thomas that the Enemy, after B b b b 3. having The Vict- AH- miral Ijavii,;^ /ayZ;/«h'rfni.li fleers jor Car- thagcMU. Vlie Condition h; found tri I'jwn m. The Cnieliy of the fri'ja' teers iificr I'olUy Jailed, The Want if P, -xder and Ammtsniti3'> at Gart.iagt- na. lii^il H>f n: n ft' •/, i!il''i ^P» ; Ufe*i 'Hi Cilfirrnlicnt tin I'la-yid imml Ncvl'j tut proceiitnt^ dlircily 10 The y'ict A,l- m r.il ./;/) jr^in C.iilii.,- "gena. 556 l^avalTranfacl'wns o/>Z;^Englifh, Book IV. liavini; plundered that Place, were carclcfly lyiivj; with their Shi-; in I'orr, it is very rciloiiablc to believe he iiii:^ht have made liin'i- felf Malkr of all the Riches they had on bo.ird them. Wlutlicr he hinil'cif inclined to make this Attempt,^ or, if lb, he was divcr'nl therefrom by the Majority of the OfKcers in the SijuaJion ; f,. rnong whom, if I am rightly informed, there was no great Manno- uy) or whether Credit was given to the Intelligence, I am not abl: to lay, it not appearing that an Alliiir of this Couicquence wa? as luth been cuftomary, debated at a Council of War ^ bur, however n happened, this is certain, that by the Engl'ijb and T)Htch Ships proceeding to Jmnaicn before they went in Search of the Fnnd) Squadron , they loft an Opportunity not only of enriching them- icivcs, but of performing a Service which would have been very prejudicial to the Enemy. Next Day at Noon the Wind came Wcfterly, when the Vice Ad- miral nor hearing any thing from the Governor, he weighed ami Hood iv.'flward, leaviug Orders for the Ships which were niinini' to follow him ; and on the fixth diicovering eight Privateers undcr'^the Shore of Sambay^ he lent the Colchcjh-r, Gojport, yirgiu--Prizc^ and L'lghtii'tng Firelhip to deflroy them, which were afterwards to iland over to Cape Tnharon, the Place of Rendezvous, where if they Ibund not ihc Squadron, they, and the other Ships miflinj, were ordered to repair to 'Petit-Guavas ; but the Vice- Admiral be- ing not able to fetch in with cither of thofc Places, proceeded to ////^rt7//V)/.?,aiid having taken a Privateer of i4Guns ofToftheiflandof NuvciZ't!, Weftward 0^ Uijpatiiola, which the ColcheJIer had s^iven chalc to, and burnt another of ii Guns, that ran on Ihorc near Cape T)on:iaMaria, he anchored the nineteenth oijunc, in order to Water and Wood ; but four or five Days before he had lent a Fri- gate n St. y ago, on the South part o\' Cuba, with a Letter to the Governor of the Havana, another to the General of the Galleons, which floating Magazines of Silver were certainly in great want or I'rovifions othci wile they would not have ventured out of Tono Hello, knowing that they Ihonld be obliged to come upas high as Carthageva bctoic .hey could Itretch over and weather the Sho;ils: And as they did not come out above two Days bclore Mouficiu 'I'ofify left (Jarthagcna, or without Know ledge of his being there; io \; it not unrcaloiKihli U> believe that he had Advice of dieirDc- jvuiuii lii'm "rorto Hello, and that he was crnifMig for them at the very time our Squadron met him aiul gave him chale. The twenty lecond of Ja/;^ the Vict- Admiral was informed by S\x inilunn Bccffon, fio\einor o[ Jamaica, that it \\o\M be ot' great Scr\ ice ii" he could dellroy 'Fctit-Giiavas, whereupon he or- dered Rear- Admiral Meeze thither w ith nine Ships of the Squadron; of whole Proceedings therein it is now proper to give the follow- ing Account. Before he arrived at Pet'tt-Cuavas he made a De- tachment of about nine hundred Men from the Ship":, two hur.rlrcd and fifty whereof he put into a Sloop, one hundred on board atif'th Rate Irigate, and the reft into the Bnats ; and when he camcwiih- iii fixtccu 01 Icvcntccn Leagues of the Place, he left the two Ships He xn'itti M tije Gy::trn:r oj Hiv.in;i, aiii iisiiti.xl of the li.l/ Tht //.li.ln/ RfarJJmr ral McciC fern ivilli a SqimJion ;.' Arjlioy IV'Ut- Guiv.is, ! i li, BookIV. H Chap.XXI. from the Tear 1688, to 1691. 557 ar ; bur, however ' and 'Dutch Ships rcli of rlie Frcm-fi of enriching thcav Id have been very when the Vice Ad- )r, he weighed ami ch were miHlng to 'rivarccrs under the ort, yirghi.-Prizc, were afterwards to idezvous, where if jcher Ships mifline, ic Vice-Admiral bc- accs, proceeded to isoff'oftheinaudof "olchejier had given ran on Ihorc near oi'Junc, in order c he had lent a Fri- irh a Letter to the ral of the Galleons, y in great want oi' urcd out of i'orfo come up as high as ivcathcr the Shoals; ys bclore Monficm liis being there; \d\ice of their Dc- ig tor them at the lalc. was informed by lat ir would be of whereupon he or- is of the Squadron; to give the follow- us he made a De- 5hip«, two hiihdrcd cd on board alitih hen he camewiih- Icft the two Ships wi.h «i;h Orders rn rh( ir Comm.indcr'? not to appear in fight, but to get iiicarlv the next Morning ; but finding he cotild not reach the Port luralclf that Nighr, he dircdcd them nor to come in until the next Djv, On Mo//iItiv :hc twenty cighrh of June, at half an Hour after O'" />'/'/» Three in the' Morning, he landed, with Colonel Ktrkby, Captain 'q^[^"^^^'^^'^^ Ijtcot, C\\^XMn Hvlmcsy Captmi Jti/iuSf C.\p:am Elliot, and Cap- makiiLm- tjin;Vw;r, and ft)ur hundred Men, a Mile Eallward oi 'Petit Gtta- I'^vt, Majin ^ w, and then marched dircdtly to the Town ; the Sloop, with I'orac of the iJoars, which had on boaid them about one hundred of the Men, not being able to keep up with him. He thought the Fbcc might with much more calc be taken by Surprize, with thole M.iihj lud, than by dilcovcring himlcif, which he mull have done by lining for the rcll, and therefore entering it juft at the Dawu of Day, he marched dircdtly to, and iinmcdiareiy took the Grand Guard. When this w'as done he lent one hundred Men to fccurc two Batteries of tour Guns each ; and while the lame was doing mod of the French quitted the Town. Soon after the Sun was up the Sailers began to be fo unruly that ^*' DifonSer, they could not be diverted Irom Plundering, and in an Hour or two "/r!-e„'l'"ihe' rao'\ of them were lb drunk, that noi-witiillanding the well-laid De- cj,ry„is of fign of Mr. iV/^r^;^' towards maku-g himlelf nnd them Matters of the ''■'«''''""'"•• Plunder, by appoinring a Captain, with Ibme trufty Men, to begin at each end of the Town, and lo to have met one another, he was conflrain'd to let fire thereunro much fboncr than he intended, other- wile he could not have depended on fifty Ibber and lerviceable Men; lo that not any thing was carried off' except a few Negroes, and o- ilicr iuconfiderabic Matters, although it was reported, (how truly I cannot liy) that two Days before four Mules were brought into the Town loadcn with Gold and Silver from the Iflc of Jljh, part of what the Privateers rifled at Cartha^ena. Oar Oiliccrs and Men behaved wuh Ikavery on this Occafion, ihc latter having chearfully rowed many Leagues in that hot Coun- try, and it was great pity that their Un^ovcrnablcners deprived both ikcuilcKcs and tiieir Oiliccrs ot what would have llifficicntly made t.'icm amends for their Fatigue. H.nmg tliu'^ taken up a little of your time concerning 'Petit- (la.ri'as, I will vet farther intrude on your Patience, by giving a lliort Account of the manner of Monficur PofUy's attacking Car- tlu^i'iia. The thirteenth of y^J^ril he appear'd before ihc Place with twen- The ,».mntr IV (ix Ships, great and Ihull, and bomlnUdcd it until Ten in the p{,j|['"f"'' Morning of the fifteenth, l licu he attack'd the Caftle of Boca ,:,dm^CAx- C'::^.i with three Ships, two ihouland Men, and two Mortars by >hjgen»- Luid, and abonr Fi\c in the Afternoon made himiclf Mailer of it. ' ^^' Nut Day the Fleet entering the Bay, he lent two thouland four bidred Men to the Caftlc of Boca Grande, which was found de- btcd; and landing the icvcntcenth it Terra Fir ma, he attacked anddilperlcd two hundred and forty Alulat to s, who defended them- l-hcs very Well : After which they marched to a Hill called Tie la Toupe, M^. 558 NavalTranfiiElious of the Hnglilli, Book IV. ','ti m'^ rm ^^ 'i^oupc anil there planted tlicir Colours. On the eiyhtccnth they attack'd the Fort called St. Lazar^^ at the Foot of" the laid Hill, and after four vigorous AfTaults the Dctcndants retired to the Town. The twentieth, twenty^ liill, and t« cniy llcond, they battcr'd the Suburb called (Juttnaniy by the Hall- Moon at the Idant'-Gatc, but on the twenty tiiird aud twenty fourth they ccaicd firing, tiic Men being einploy'd in mounting five Mortars and twenty four i;rc,ir Cluns, with which they batter'd tiic Fortifications the twenty fitth, twenty fixth, twenty Icventh, and twenty eighth ; and having o'- pened a great Breach, they took in the Suburb the twenty ninth, after a lundlome Defence ; immediately after which they battcr'd the Walls of the Town not only with the Gun^J from the Ships and on the Shore, but with Mortars alio ; whereupon the Alderman (the Civil Magilhate of the Place) fimliiig the City fo briskly at- tack'd, propolcd its being delivered up, but the Governor rcliilcd, and began to make inward Works to refill the AlTauks : Ncvcr- thclcls coming foon after to a Paily, he was prevailed upon, and Monficur Totitjy^ with Monfieur 'l)n Cajje concluded the Capitula- tions; which were, " That the Governor Ihould march out on " Horleback, with two Field-Pieces, the Garrilbn with their Arm.s '* and the Men, Women, and Children with all the deaths they " could carry. The twenty third of May the French took Poflcflion of the Ci- ty, and fo civil were they to the Inhabitants, that they executed a Soldier for attempting to take a Ring from a Mulatto Woman. What Riches they met with is varioufly reported, but I am apt to think it fell fliort of the Ten Millions which it was faid they car- ried away. I return now to Vice- Admiral Nevily who having wooded and watered the Ships, he got under lail the twenty ninth of y«;/?to meet Rear- Admiral Meeze, by whom being joined the next Day, he failed for "jama'tcay that fo he might get the Ships from thence, and proceed dircdiy for the Havana in Search of the Galleon?, of which he had not yet any certain Account. The eleventh o'i July he made the Iflc of Tines, the thirteenth came up with St. Anthonys, thcWeft End of Cuba, and the fixteenth he got about a Range of Rocks called the Colleradoes ; but the Men Rtar-Aiimi- ■ wcrc at this time very fickly, and next Day Rear- Admiral Mceze il'tvue-.i.i- The Squadron arriving at the Havana the twenty fecondofy«- mirMcointstj ly, tlic Vicc- Admiral acquainted the Governor that he was in great ''''us^!unild ^^^""^ °^ Water and Refrefliincnts, and therefore dcfired leave to iraier and comc iuto thc Port, that Co he might make Provifion for his Voyage Rtfrijhmtnts jq Cadiz, to which PldCC hc dcfigned (according to his Inftrudti- v^t ^^^' ' °"^) ^^ ^'^^ ^''*^ Galleons in Safety. This hc was not only rcfufed, but al mod every thing hc requeftcd, thc Don allcdging, that thc King his Mafter's Inftrudtions would not juftify his permitting the Squadron to come into that Port, but that if hc would repair to Mutatifes, (a Place where there was not Depth of Water for his Ships) hc would eudcavour to fupply his wants; not but that be doubted Chap XXII. frof/t the Tear 1 6 S 8, to 1691. 55^ Jniibrcil his Cap.u'ity of doiiiu it cfTl(5liially, fincc the Galleons had already t'fciiicd the I'laec of I'rnvifions. The Vice Ailimral writ alio tc> the General of the Galleon*;, letting thci'in-Aii- liinil^now thar ilic Sijuadron he commanded was lent chiefly to le '""•'' "'■ aire tlu'lc lich Iinbarcaiions -ind to condu(5l them lafc to (.'adisn iy„'",',!i[/ti., bur lie was plc.il. i! rn aniwcr, that he had received no Orders o( '••>iir.n, ilut rhit Natiir'-' fi"'" ''"^ '^^i'lg o^ Spaiity and was therefore obliged to '" ''^^""''''* follow thole he had, being lorry he could not have the Opportu- f.Vw IZ,. nity of aeconipanyiiin him. unAnfwir. it cannot l)c fhoii;.;l)t but that this Treatment was very liirprifiMg; nor, pofTiMy, llinnld I be much in the wroni» in judging, that the nitural Jcalonly of the Spai:iiirds gave them Apprchenfions that our Snips would endeavour not only to mal^ he (licil the twenty Icventh of AugufU occafion'd, as I am apt to 'fiX'J.Z^hh, believe, by Grief for rhe Misfortunes he had met with, liy the i-iuAdmirat Death of him, and the Rear Admiral, the Command of the Squa- ''"■'• dron devolved on Captain Thomas IJUkes^ who having done all that c:.«^/-ii« polTibly he could towards rcfrelhing the Men, and procuring Pro- "''!':«/'■''• vifions, failed from VlrgiHta^ and arrived in England x.\\c twenty "'',,1 \Tt* {o\}n\\ of Oihlfcr with part of the Squadron, the reft, which were ^^"P'- feparaccd in bad Weather, dropping iu both before and after. Chap. XXII. Ai Aromit of Monfieiir Ponty'i com'mg with a French S(juadion to Newfoundland while Sir John Norris was 'jjith a Squadron of Englifh Ships there, MOnfieur Tonfy having narrowly efcaped the Squadron with Vice- Admiral Nevil, got not to Brc/i without running the hazaiit of being twice more intercepted, firft at Newfoundland by Caprain Non'ts^ and afterwards in the Soundings, by a Squadron commanded by Captain Thomas Harlow , with which he engaged ; tor coming to Newfoundland (the firft Country he touched at after he Icfr the JVejl-Iud'tes) Captain Norris, who commanded a Squa- dron of Ships there, had Intelligence that Icvcral French Men of War were icen off of Cape-Land Bay; which was confirmed the next Day by Ibme fifliing People ; and the firing of Guns was heard both by Day a^d Night. But it being believed by Ibme that this Pinty'i shipt ttas jMonficur Mifmond's Squadron, or part thereof, two Booms '('";;■*' ?,*. were laid crofs the Harbour of St. John's, and the Squadron put in- monl'Tsqua. to the bcft Order of Defence that might be, which was compoled "'"''. ne /.ro- of four Fourth Rates, two Fifth, two Sixth, two Fircflups, and two ^^f^,yy*'_ Comb- JmIidj. .'!■;! m:,'- > IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. % .*^ 1.0 1.1 1.25 l^|2B 12.5 >tt lU 12.2 u m Z tiS. u ^ 7 7: /A ''W '/ Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 145M (716)872-4303 «f Mr. Cumlier- bjtdi ^'ives an Accoun t of ihe rrciicll !>'li4Adrjn. 560 NavalTravfaclions of the Englifti, Book IV liomb VcfTcl?, widi a HjyJ Uoar. Colonel n to attack St. John's by Land, he mull have had notice of their For- ces being put on fl'.orc. Next Day he received a Letter from Mr. Mexatider Cumbcrbatch, Mafter of a Ship taken by thc French ^ and lent on Ihore ro a/lift in getting them frelh Provifions, by which he was infor'ned that Monfieui Vonty was in Conception Bay, with five Ships fr md yo to 60 Guns, very richly loaden with thc Spoil of Carthagena. This Notice he lent him in hopes it might be lerviceablc to his Coun- try, and advii'cd him, withal, to be very expeditious in attacking thera, for that they were but weakly manned. A Council of A general Council of War being hereupon held, it was voted that Cumbcf-'^'' they had realbn to believe Monneur Neftnond was come to Rrjj- foundland with a Squadron , and that Qumberbatch was lent on fhorc by him to enfnarc them, becaufe he laid in his Letter he was to return to thc French Ships ; lb that it was again determined '0 continue at Sr. Jobnh^ for that by attacking the Ships in Conceptm Bay, Monficur Neftnond might thereby have hati an Opportuniry of making himlclf Mafter not only of St.jfohu'Sy but conlequcn ly of thc whole Country ; yet the Commadore, Captain Norris^ was ftill for going to Sea, for his former Reafons. The twenty fixth at Noon there was Intelligence that thc afore- faid five French Ships were Iccu the Night bcft>re ;ir Anchor a li'ile Eaftward of Belk Iflc, by Tortugal Cove ; and the next Day, up- mteiiigtmc of on a MeflTage from Colonel Gib/on^ another Confultation was held, the 1 rench when thts Intelliccncc was read; but it was again rciolvcd ro re- ojficen ftnt mam at St. Johns until the two Captams arrived who were lent to cnfurfofe. makc Dilcovcrics. Soon after one of them came with twenty French Men, taken in a Boat at Carboniere, who laid they were lent by Monfieur Tonty to procure frelh Provifions. The other Cap- rain rcturn'd alfo from Portugal Coye^ who had fecn thc Fn/icb Ships at Anchor, one of them of three Decks, two from 60 to "o Guns, and two more of about y o. The Court adjourn'd untii next Morning, when they called the Prifoncrs before them, who related all they knew, fearing that otherwile they Ihould be very ill trcar- S cd. batch, and again liittt- mint to re- main at it. John'x. BookTv I Chap. XXII. from the Tear 1^88, to 1697. 561 ■gimcnr, wlijch rkcd on board ics a.Oiorc, and agues into the lay and Land Of- Harbour of Sr. cut out to dif- d from Carbo- that Port, and ority were ftill yc his Opinion b five Ships in It Sea, it would :alao, if within bad any Dtfign cc of their For- r Cutnbcrbatch, n Ihorc ro allift » infor'ned that hips ix^xa JO to tbagena. This e to his Conn- US iu attacking was voted tint come to Nrj:;- was fent on 5 Letter he was determined 'o IS in Conception m Opportunity it coniequciily in Nonis, was that the afore- Anchor i ii';lc : next Day, up- arinn was held, ciolvcd ro re- 10 were lent to ; with twenty they were fent 'he other Cap- on the FrcHc/i from 60 to "0 Lirn'd until next Ti, who related c very ill treat- ed. They laid the Squadron iud not been at any other Port fince ^"""w' of ; left the ireji-lndtesy and that Moiificur 'Poitty hearing of Vice- f^^-^ii^'l on ifjtitrs Caplaia DcS- i>uiow'< Wf- ( i.int. A Ccuncii of H'jr biiicte Mo'ijieurSfi- cd. ihcy . . - _ Admiral Nevil's being in thole Parts, appointed the Rendezvous at taken St. '/V/f^'s, or 'F/acentiaj in Newfoundland; but not making the Ifland about Tlacentia plain, by realon of thick Weather, the firrt Place he drop'd Anchor at was Conception Bay. While the Council of War was fitting Captain T>esborow arrived, and gave them an Account that t\\s. French Ships lay under their Top-iails, plying up and down iu the Bay, but that he being about five Miles ort' from [hcin, could not well dilcover their Force. NotwitMlanding all this, the Majority of the Council of War were (till of O[>iaion thatMon- {\tw\NeJmnd (who had (ailed from France a confidcrablc time be- fore with eleven Ships of War and three Fircfliips) was on the Coaft, momi omhe and therefore, contrary to the Opinion of Captain Norris, dcrer- ^;"'^'; "'"' I "^ I r- #' i- I '1 -III tl'trefore re- mined not to attempt the trench, for that, as they judged, the :jvi net to Port of St. John's might thereby be cxpolcd to imminent Danger by j*-'^- jcparating th; Ships and the Forces : And had not the Land Otficers been there, or at leaft not been empowered to fit at Councils of War, it is probable there might have been a better Account given otthc Enemy ; for ieveral of them were unwilling to leave Sc. Johns, a Place which was particularly rccommeudcd to them to proccdt. Captain 'Desborow was again fent out to oblcrve the Enemy's capiaiti Dej- Motion, with Orders to bring early Advice thereof, who returning j'/„ 7">/ ««f, the thirty firft at Noon, gave an Account that the twenty eighth at and bn»g, Midnight he faw four Sail under his Lee-Bow, which he made to '""•''i'""- kFiefichi that foon after the fternmod Ship fired a Gun, and rhea making feveral falie Fires, the Lights were inftantly put our, to that he loll fight of them. That at Two in the Morning he fiood Northward, with little Wind at N. N. E. and not leeing any Ships when the Day appeared, made the bcft of his way to Carbouiere ; but the Wind veering at Noon to S. S. W. the Current had fet him by the twenty ninth at Night between Harbour Grace Ifland and that Bay. As foon as he had declared what he had thus difcovered, he was fent out a third time, with Orders to fail right into the Sea until he ame on the Bank of Newfoundlandy and if he law not the aforvfaid Ships, or any other Squadron, to repair to Cape Race, and endea- vour to gain Intelligence from 'Placentia. The ninth oi Auguft in the Morning he returned, and related. That about Twelve at Night, oa the Saturday before, he law feveral Lights to Windward ; that at two a Clock four of the Ships he difcovered fired three Guns each, and then tack'd and flood from the Shore, which induced him to make fail and keep his Wind, in order to get under Cape Race^ but that as foon as it was light he flood within three times Gun- Ihot of the headmofl, and then laid by and looked on the Enemy'^ Ships, which he judged to be fixteen, the Admiral of them with three Decks, four of about 80 Guns, fix from 70 to 60, two of 5*0^ and the other three either Frigates or Firelhips. When he had thus view'd them well , he wore his Ship, and brought to towards the Shore, but they tacking at fix a Clock, and flandiug ofl^ and pet' C c c c eeiviog $62 NavalTranfaBionsoftheEngliih, BookIV. H Chap. ceiving that he followed them , one of them Hood in towards the Shore to cut him off from the Cape. A Squadron Thc eighteenth in the Morning this Squadron came off the Har- ap^ft'.""f'lT bour of St. John's, which was about thirty two Days after thc firii John ; wuh Notice of Monficut Tontys being at Newfoundland. They were thru !,u-ai- iu all fixteen, with three Swallow- tail'd Flags, ten of them from ^ Fh/u' ^ fo 70 Guns, the others either Firefhips or Imall Frigates, as Captain *Desborow had reported, and having viewed our Ships, they ftood ofT again ; but at Noon approaching the Harbour , the Wind took them fliort, fo that they laid their Heads off and brought to; from which time they were not feen until thc twenty third, nor came they after that near thc Port. Tht Mtthod The Method taken to defend the Ships and Harbour was this • 'UndZi'hif, All the Men of War lay in the Shape of a Half Moon ro thc Har- and tht Htir- bour's Mouth, and the Broadfide of each commanded the two Booms. Colonel Giifon's Regiment was polled at the two Batteries, and 0- ther proper Places, while Captain Richards (who was the Engineer for fortifying the Harbour) threw up fuch Works as he judged ne- ceflfary on this Occafion ; and that the Squadron might be thc bet- ter able to do Servi':e, all the Men were taken from the Merchant Ships, and put on board them. hou, h Capi»'m Har- low mitts with Mtn- fttur? only in thi Sound- ings. 1697. Chap. XXIII. An Account of an Engagement in the Soundings between a Squadron of Engliih Ships , and that commanded h'^ Monfieur Ponty. HAV I N G already informed you in what manner Mujdeur Tonty, with his rich Squadron, efcaped Vice-Admiral Nevil in the fVefi-Indies^ and Captain Norris at Newfoundland, it re- mains that I follow him to h .'ft, for before he reached that Port he fell in with the Ships commanded by Captain Harkw in the Soundings^ as hath been lately mentioned. The fourteenth oi jiuguji the faid Captain Harlow being with a Squadron of five Ships and a Firefliip, viz. two of 80 Guns, two of 70, and one of 30, about ninety Leagues W. S.W. from Scitly, one of them the ^Defiance, made the Signal of feeing Lights to Windward, and as the Day came on five Sail were plainly difcovet'd. They bore down on him about Eight in the Morning, and he ply> ing up to them, endeavonr'd to get into a Line of Battel. Monfieur Tonty having viewed our Squadron, thought it conve- nient to make lome Alterations in his Line, but neverthelcfs . bore down with all the Sail he could, and brought to about Two in the Afternoon out of Gun-fhot. He continued not long in that Po- flure, but edged nearer, and worked his Ships fo as if he intended n to \ BookIV. U Chap.XXIII. from theTear 1688, to 1691. 5(^3 toprcl's the Van of our Squadron, upon whiih Captain Harlow fent to the Uevorijhire to fill her Sails , and ftand aw ay upon a Wind, that b fhc might the better fall in with Monficur 'pGnty% Ship, who about Three in the Afternoon brought to directly againft her wiihiii two thirds Gun-lbot, and began the Fight. After the St-juadions had been engaged about two Hours, the ^'"> '"^"i'- h'(nch Commadore made the Signal for Tacking, but as there was little Wind, not any of the Ships would ftay, unlcft it was that which was oppofue to the 'Defiance-^ and the Head of her Main- top mall being difablcd, which occafioncd the Yard's falling down on the Slini><, Ihc wore not wirhout great difficulty, when, keep- ing h.-rWaiU, 'he ftood out of the Line, which put Monficur 7'o«()' hiinlclf in Ibmc Dilbrdcr ; but althcgli he was couftraiu'd to bear lip for her, he foon doled the Luie again. About Six in the Evening the Gale freflicned, and fhifced from jht French W. bv S. to S. VV by S and S. S. W. whereupon the Enemy tacking, "'>'>• our Commadore made the Signal for his Rear to di) the fame ; and letting his Main fail, that he might be lure of (laying, he was no iboncr about than he iprcad all the Canvas he could after them, as they did from him. In the Night he loft fight of them, not but that he difcovered fomc of theu- Lights between eight and nine a Clock, and by that means had an Opportunity tf fleering a'tcr them, tficy bearing then N. E. and N. E. by N. After Ten rhofe Lights being no more icen, he flood away between the N. E. and E. with anealy Sail, that io ibme of the Ships which were very much a- llcrn might come up with him. Next Morning, between Four and Five, the Weather being very clear, the Enemy were feen between the S. E. by E. and E. S. E. at the diftance of about three or four Leagues, and the Wind being then variable between the S. and S. W. but a gentle Gale, all Sails were let, and the Chafe continued until it was Evening, when they were near the fame diftancc as in the Morning ; but io much did they wrong our Ships in failing, that they could, at pleafure, lower ^*' French lYard or aTopmaft, to prevent their coming by the Board ; and Z'ry^mic'h m tliis was occafioncd by ours being fouler than theirs, even though failing. they came from lb remote Parts ; for it is not to be doubted but they made a fliift to heel and Icrub them in the bcfl manner they could when abroad. Early next Morning they had fliot ahead about four or five Mile?, and no fooner were our Ships difcovered by them than they let out the Reefs of their great Sails, and fet all their linall ones; It) that although when they firft made from us, the Hulls of them could be feen down to the Water-Line, yet in fix Hours time they "n fb much out of fight that not above half their Top< fails could te difcovered. About eleven a Clock it blew frelh, and the Weather inclined to l)c thick and hazey, fo that Captain Harlow feeing no Pofiibility ot coming up with them, he brought to ; and thus Monficur Touty Wthe good Fortune to efcape the third time, who wirhout farther 'utcrruption, carried the Spoil of the Spaniards into Breft. What C c c c X it 5^ f NavalTranfailinnsofthcEngViihy BookIV. oifirvtiiint it was that induced him ro bear down and engage our Ships, is un- £r'pon7y <^<^"'" ' ^°' although the Strength of his Squadron, and ours, was hi, tH'&iH alraoft equal, yet coufidcring the Riches he had on board, I think ^ur aqitainn. j^g (hould in Prudencc have declined a Battel, which doubrlefs he might have done, fincc (as it proved) his Ships had much the bet- ter Heels. 5 1697. sir George Rooke ar- rivti •uith the Fleet at St. Helen'j. A Council of ll'ar refcUt to proceed to Sea, ttiih as tnany f'hips ai fould be man- tied and vic- tualled. A great want of j mall Fri- gates. Chap. XXIV. Sir George Rooke, /Admiral of the fleet ^ his Proceedings to and fro w the Soundings ; with thofe of yice- Admiral Mitchell in the fame Place. LET us now return to the Body of the Fleet in theYear 1697, of which Sir George Rooke being appointed Admiral, he with the great Ships arrived ofTof the South- Foreland the lecond of June, and intended to flop Tides from thence to S/>ithead, and being the next Day at an Anchor off of *Dover, a (Iroog South- Weft Wind ob- liged him to return to the Downs. Setting Sail again he arrived at St. Helen\ the tenth in the Even- ing, where he met Rear- Admiral Najfau., with ten 'Dutch Ships of War, which were firft to convoy leveral Merchants to Hollaudy and then to return and join the Fleet. The fourteenth a Council of War was called, where werebe/idcs the Admiral himfelf prcfenr, Sir Cloudefly Shovell, Admiral of the Blue, Vice- Admiral y/y/wt-r, and Vice- Admiral A///fAf//, and it was agreed that fincc there was d great Want of Men and Provifions, and but little Profpedt of a fudden Supply, fo many Ships Ihould be fent to Sea as could be manned up to their midJle Complements, while thole from which the Men were taken, fecurcd themlelves in 'Portfmouth Harbour ; and the next Day, at another Conlultation, where were alfo prcfcnt the Dutch Admiral, Vice Admiral Callem- bergy Rear Admiral Meuys, and Mr. Bokenham., firft Captain to the Admiral, it was refolvcd to proceed o(foi Vjhant for Intelligence, and then to govern thcmfelves as a Council of War fliould think inoft advifeablc. There was a great Want of fitiall Frigates, and other proper VtA fels to prevent the Enemy's Snaws difcovering the Wcaknels of our Squadron ; for although the intended Fleet, when all together, would have made up forty leven Englijh, and twenty three Dutch of the Line of Battel, befidcs Icvcntecn Firelhips, and other fmall Craft, yet were there at this time forty three of thofe Icventy Ships ab/cnt on the following Services, viz. Rates GJap.X XIV. from theTear 1688, to 1691, $6^ Rates fith Vice- Admiral Mitchell in the Soundings. With Captain Beaumont in the North Sea. ^\[)\ Rear- Admiral Benboinj iu the Soundings. OJ of Cape de la Hagucy Convoy between the ^owns and Falmouth, ^tfVoolwich. fit Hud/en sBjiy. ■ — Od the Fifliery. At //«//. Between the Iflc oi JVight and Tort land. f^uheNore. l/nmanncd at Blackflakes. Unmanned at Tort/mouth. fith Rear- Admiral Naffau on the Coaft oi Holland. li<^{kzAixom North- Holland. I" I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 3 3 8 I Shtpt at/int ,h from thi Fliit T on othtr itr- O V tn. O I O o I I I o I o o o o o In all, 'Dutch and Englifl} i if ii f So that had not Rear- Admiral A^a/i« joined with the ten 'Dutch Rtar-Admi- Ihips before mentioned, there could not have gone to Sea more ''.'^ '^'"'^'» than thirty five, great and fmall ; nor was the Fleet at this time '^.^'f ''^* vi(!lualicd with more than a Month's Bread and Beer, a very little more Butter and Chccfe , fbmewhat above two Month's Fleln, but not a Fortnight's Pcale and Oatmeal. However, Orders were lent vke-Admirai for the Ships which were ready to proceed to Sea, they being but Muhoi, «n4 thirty three, Dutch and Englijh, and eight Firelhips, btfides the ^'Jf^g^^^f/^^ Ships in the Soundings with Vice- Admiral Mitchell and Rear- Ad- aif, comein- miral BenboWf which join'd the Fleet the twenty firth of June ofT'" '*"i>ound- oiflimouth ; fo that now the Admiral had forty tour Ships of the '"^*" Line, and with them he got off of Vfl^ant the twenty eighth, but for want of Wind he was prevented in laying hold of that Coaft until the fourth of the next Month, at which time Rear- Admiral Bnboii'j who had been lent to difcover the Pofture of the Enemy at BreJ/y brought an Account that there were in that Port but ten But ttn ships Ships armed and ready for the Sea. "> Gr^ft ready A Council of War bemg thereupon called, it was refolved to ^ll/s'I'im enlarge the former Station from ten to forty or fifty Leagues refohtd on a$ W, N. W. from UJhant , thereby to cover the Chanel , and " ^'"""^ "/ fecurc the Trade ; that nine Englijh., and four Dutch Ships of War '"^" ihould cruile from eighty to a hundred Leagues Weft from Scitly fourteen or fixtecn Days, and rhat after the Fleet had continued in the aforcfaid Station near a Fortnight, the whole fliould rendezvous 'viTorbay. Vice- Admiral Mitchell commanded this Squadron, and vict-Admirai it was made thus ftrong, left he Ihould happen to meet with Mon- )^j^;^',^/|i, ''r km Nc/f»o»d in his Cruize, or Monfieur Chateau Renault in his s^ul'dron. Return to Briji., in cafe he was then at Sea. The twenty firft of July the Fleet was ten Leagues ofFof the Z/- zard^ having not met with any thing in their Cruife but Privateers, and there lU 'S66 NavalTraiifaBions of the Englifh, Book IV. 1 1. 1 Hut rt- lUIMI It i 01 luy. Min-|icli li f.mis to 1 L b.iy. there the AdmiMl received Orders to leave a liifliv;iciit S>iiudron ofl of Brcji to keep in the French Ships dcfi^ncd fri)in thence \vi h Monficiu Chateau Renault y 11" not already iailed, or to intcncnt them (hould they attempt to corne out ; but ihis could not he coiu- phcd with, becaulc he had not togerlicr alcove eleven E!i"hih Men of\V:ir, of which ten were Three-Deck Mii| s, ami Lur ten 7J///f/' FLiglliips included; nor had ihey mure liian t.vciuy one Days Pro' vifions at Ihort Allowance, and not any Pealb or Oatmeal; lb that the Admiral was obliged to rctnrn to roib.iy, where, on the twen- ty tl)ird vt'Jnhy he received a Icco ,d Oidcr to lend Ships olFof jhcjf, and others into the Bay ; to comply with which he ordered eleven Third Rate ; and two h irclhips to be vidualled for a Month, bur was conftraincd to draw the lame from the great Ships; inlo- uuich that had there been never lb prefllng an Occafion for Service, it would have inevitably have been prevented for Want of a timely Supply of Provifions. J \vo Days alter Vice-Admiral Mitchell was fecn working into the Bay, having lent from his Squadron two Third Rates and a Fifth to convoy the Trade to Ireland, and the T>orfetfl.nrc and Content to Ice Ionic others lafc to 'Plmontb: And he being informed ihat a confiderablc Fleet of Merchant Ships were expc«Stcd in the Chanel, lent lour Third Rates, one Fifth, and a Firefliip, under Command of Captain ///^r/^:;^ to cruilc for their Security ; who, during his. Cruilc, uKt with Monficur 'Ponty in his Paffage to Brejt^ of the Engage- ment between whom I have already given an Account, chufing lb to do that the whole Proceeding of that Frc.ich Squadron, in their Lxpcdition to and from Carthagcna^ might be related without inter- fering with other Matters. The Admiral found that by drawing Provifions, as aforefaid, from the great Ships for thole dcfigned olTof^/r//, it would lb much re- duce them, as that, without a fpcedy Supply, they might be brought to great NecefTity, wherefore he coniradi(^ed the Orders he had given therein, and propofed to the Lords of the Admiralty, that the Ships might repair to, and viciiual at Sf'tthead. Ncvcrrhelcls a Squadron was lent out, which cruifed for feme time in the Soundings, but were by bad Weather forced in; and, ' purlLiant to Orders lent to the Admiral, he arrived at Spithead the twenty eighth oi Augujt, with five Firft Rates, four Seconds, two Thirds, two Firclhips, two Hofpital Ships, and two Yachts, toge- ther with twelve 'Dutch Ships of War, and as many Fircfhips. Vice- Admiral Mitchell \id& again appointed to command a Squa- dron of eight Third Rates, fix Fourths, and three Fiffhs, together with Count Najfau, who had under his Command fix T)utch Ships of War and two Firefliips, and received Orders in Torbaj the ninth to Look out ["r oi September (the very Day he arrived there) to proceed with the vt^t Admiral \'i\(\ Squadron to Cape St. Vincent^ on thcCoaft o^Tortugal, there being Advice that the /^rf;/f A were gone or going to Sea. The Dc- fign of his being ordered thus far was ro lullain Vice- Admiral iVt'- X'//, in calc the Galleons fliould have come under his Protcdlion, (for as yet there was not any Account received of his Squadron) I'nt t.ctt fmici to Sf hcaii. 1 ici- Ai'miral Mi;cli'.'',, Or- dtrid vji^h a iyi.iJron as Jar as C.I,':!! St. Vincci.t Nevil i6i;7. lilt ••JUadlOK in ^reat Want of frov.'jioni effeiiatl) ihi baich. ^ookIV. I i Chap. XXIV. from the Tear i(^88, to 1691. 5^7 as well as the Trade from Cadiz, and therefore he was diredted, when he arrived offof that Cape, to lend a Frigate to the faid Port, with Orders to the Commander in Chief of the Ships there to put to Sea within three Days after his Receipt thereof, and join him; jad when he fliould be fo joined he was to make the bed of his Way to England, but if he met with the Cadiz Fleet in his PafTage, he was to return home with them, which he was to do without them, if he received Advice by the detached Frigate that they were fjiied from Cadiz, and that he judged they were pafTcd by him But if, during his Stay ofTCape St. J^incent, he met with Vice- Ad- miral Nevil, in his Paflagc from the IVejilndies with the Gallc- on;, he was to accompany them as far as Cadiz. A ^rther Provi> [m was yet made, that if he met with the Galleons, while the Ca- diz Squadron was in Company with him, he ihould fo difpoie of the Ships under his Command as might mod contribute to the Secu- ijty of both ; but he was himfclf to return to England with the Trade. Thcfe Orders the Vice- Admiral communicated to Rear- Admiral Kijfau, who having nor any at that time from r he King, and being not viAualled longer than to the lad of the following Month, he cculd not proceed ; nor had the Englijh Ships more than for two Months, if all Species proved good ; and indeed the Scarcity of Pro- vi/Ions did too often, throughout the whole Courfe of the War, ob- llrud many Services. But as I ihall not take upon me to blame any particular Perfon, or Body of Men on this Account, yet fure I an, that unlcfs effedual Care be hereafter taken, in time of Adiion, to have a fufficient Stock in a conftant Readinefs to anfwer all un- forefeen Services, England will too loon find the great Inconveni- ences that will attend it. This Scarcity of Provifions being reprcfcnted to the Lords of the Admiralty, their Lordfhips fent him Orders to proceed with the hllijh and 'Dutch Ships, fo far towards Cape St. Fincent, in or- der to meet the Trade from Cadiz, as that he might have left fuf- ficient to bring him back again ; upon which it was agreed by him felf and the ^Dutch Flag-Officer, (who had now fupplied his Ships withfomc Provifions) to fail one hundred Leagues S. W. from Sal fy, provided he could reach that Station by the firfl of October, for no longer would the Vi ^»P**i'* ing, with Engitjh Colours, the bi^cft of them mounting between J'/,Trcnch" 60 and 7c Guns, another of 5:0, the third 36, and the fourth about 14, They bore right- down upon him, whereupon he fired a Gun \'i\'^z Sea ford, thcFireihip, and his Convoys which were to Wind- ward, to join him, and at fcven the French Ships taking in their £«^///; Colours began to fire, the Firelhip by realbu of her ill fail- iD2, was loon taken by the two fmaller Frigates and their Boats, while the tw o bigger took the Seaford, after they had firft Ihot down her Main- Yard, and then her Main maft; but finding fhe was not able to Ivvim, they burnt her. The Fight continued very fmartiy for two Hours, and then the French gave over, but follow- ed our Ships until the eighth, though not within Gun (hot. That Morning iney bore down again, and engaged about three Hours, »licn leaving off" they chafed the Merchant Ships, which at the Be- ginning of the Engagement were raking the uiual Care for their own Security, an J in this Adion our Frigates were fo much dilabled that tlicy were forced to bear up for Titmotith to refit. The Rear- Admiral endeavoured to inrercept the Ships of the Enc- Ut Rear- Ad. my, but having not above twelve Days Provifions at fhort Allow- ""raiccmtsin ancc, was conllraincd to repair to Tort/mouth for a Supply, not 'ZJvifi'o'nf being able ro reach 'Plimstith, by realon he chafed a Number of Ships to the Eaftward of that Port, which proved to be Swedes^ D d d d fron»i ijt" Rtar-Adtm- r.it Ikniitjw rtiHini ml) tin Sound- ings. 5 ID NavalTratijfatltom of the Engl ilh, Book IV. from Lisbon. After he h.ul furnilhctl hiinlclf with Provifions, he received Orders from Vice Admiral Mttchell^ the twenty full of ^tay, to proceed ag.iiu into the Soundin^s^ with four Third Rates and two Kirclhip?, wliich were vidiullcd for no longer than a Month at ftiort Allowance, and from 'PlimotitlAK waste take the y^z/W^.. fey and 'Pliniouth, if ready, with three E,ijl India Ships, whitli he was to Ice well into the Sea The twenty fourth he jailed from St. /Ic/eu's, and the twenty fixthin the Morning arrived offof'/V/- month, where he left Orders ibr the two Ships bcfbrcmcntioncd to follow, taking the Mcdway with him. His cruifin^ Station was from ten to oiie hundred Leagues Weft from Scilly, and the general Rendezvous forty Leagues \V. S W. from thence, lo that he lay until the fifth of 'yiinc between the Latitudes of fo'. and 411' about thirty Leagues Weft of thole Iflands; but being then driven far in, he lent the Kent to 'P Union' h, with the Firelhipin her Com- pany, the former having Ipiung her Fore mart, and was fo leaky that one Pump could hardly free her. However the Weather being more moderate, he proceeded with the three Third Rates one hun- dred and twenty Leagues Wcftward of Scillyy and then leeing no Ships of the Enemy, parted with thole bound to India on the eighth oijuiic, in the Latitude of fifty, the Wind at N. W. and be- lieving (fincc tliree Days before the Wind had been Southerly) that the Fipgiiiia Fleet were gone for Cape Clcar^ or loine Part of the Coaft 01 Ireland, he ftocd over thither, but hearing loon after they were not arrived, ftretched out to Sea again, and met with a Ship which had parted from them in the Latitude of 49' 30"" the tenth of this Month, about two hundred and fifty Leagues from the Land. This Intelligence, and the Shortnels of his Provifions induced him to repair towards 'Plimoiith, in his Way to which Port he had the good Fortune to join the I'trginta and fVeJl- India Fleets, with their particular Convoys ort' of the Lizard; and meeting loon after with Vice- Admiral Mitchell near line Start., he was by him dircded to repair to 'Plimontb in Coiiipany of the Merchant Ships, where he received Orders from Sir George Rooke to join the Fleet then pafTine Weftward, and ro take Care for Icnditig Eaftward a Convoy with tne Trade ; but theic Orders were contradidled by others from the Lords of the Admiralty, dated the tenth of ^w/y, and he, in Obedience to them, proceeded to the Squadron before 'Diinkirkf which Captain Beaumont had commanded a confidcrable time be- fore, conliftingoffix Third Races, hc(\l^c%l\\c Newark^ two Fourths, one Fifth, and two Firelhips ; but three of thofe Third Rates were called ofTto the©o^7/j" by the Lords of the Admiralty, No fooncr had he joined the Squadron than he went in his Boat before the Pier- Heads oi 'Dunkirk^ but found not any Ships in the Road, fifteen or fixteen tall ones he faw within, one of them with a Flag at the Fore top-maft- head; and Captain 5m«»/o«; delivered to him, for his government, two Orders which he had received from the Lords of the Admiralty, one to purfue Monficur 'Z)« Bart, and to deftroy his Ships, if pollibic, at any Place wh.itevcr, except un- der Command of the Forts in Norway or Sn'cden, and the other s to R,tr-Admt- ral Ueubuw hringi in l^'l Viigiir..\ «»'' Well- India Flitii. Rear- Admi- ral iknbdW arrtvti off fj Dunkirk. 571 T'lird Rates hail a Month ^■S whicli he ^ 'iilcd from mentioned to Station was ' fhc 2cncral that he Uy o'\ and 4.;t fhcii driven ' •» licr Com- ^vas lb leaky ''cathcr being tcs one hun- en Iceing no >'dia on the ^. W. and be- Jthcfly) that 2 I'art of the on after they c with a Ship ' the tenth of I the Land. ions induced Port he had Fleets, with ig ibon after him directed 5hips, where Fleet then rd a Convoy others from and he, in Tinnkirk, ble time bc- two Fourths, Rates were in his Boat Ships in the f them with '«; delivered cccivedfrom « Barty and except un- d the other to Chap. XXV. from r'^" Tear 1688, to 1691. (0 obey the Kinu's Commands, wi ich the Lords of the Admiralty iitdcd him to do, in Obedience to the Orders they received frotn iisMajcfty to that Piirpolc. The thirtieth of July Rear- Admiral Vandergoes joined him with '"•mf Om.h eleven *Dutch Ships, and then it was propolcd that one ok' the ]'"f^' I"'" Sduadfons Ihould be lb placed as that ^Dunkirk might be South of DmU\k [licm, and the other in, or near Oftend Road, that if Monfieur Dh Bfft ihould attempt to pals out cither at the North or Ea(l Chanel, ih(y might the better diicovcr him; but no other Anlwer was made (kteuuto by the 'Dutch Flag, than that his Ships being foul, they wnc not in a Condition to purliie him. Ik French Ships at 'Dui/kitk were eleven, frouj jx to x6 Guns, ih ren, ,/ ifld about the beginning ol\/ftiguJ/ they were all, except Monfieur !,)*,', ^'n' 'Du Bart's own Ship, naulcd into ihc Bafiu to clean, lb that it was kiik.'^' juiked they had a Dcfiun to come out the next Spring- Tide ; but finccour Ships, as well as thcT>utchj were all foul, not any great Soccefs could be cxpci^at from their chafing ; and it was almod next to an ImpofTibiliry to block up clan Ships at 'Dunkirk with foul ones. Wherefore the Rear Admiral prop«»s'd rhat tour of the bcft Saiers might be ordered io Sheer nej's to clean, and that the others oighc come to the Downs^ not only to lake m Water, which they very much wanted, but to heel and Icrub, which he judged might iive been done before the approaching Spring would give Oppor- nnity to the French of getting <.ver the Bar : bu. ar this very rime it was not thought adviieabic, alrhougn he atter>« ards received Or« dm for it ; lb that at prclcni he only lent the Ships to the 'Downs fcrWatcr, as they could bcft be li3.«rcd The Icventecnth of Augufi the Rear Admiral obferv'd five clean Ships ready to fail out of 1) 'nln k^ and believing they would pufh ihroogh the Eaft Chanel, he Ihifriiig its S'a'ion, lay between OJlend vARyji'port, giving notice tiicrc i xo the 'Dutch \ but there was ^f'""''" '*• DOtanyihn.g ii.;na'kablc happ^nei: .I'.til tlc'wcnry third, when, ^""^|j *y''' atFivc in the Morning, he diiLOVcrti^ iive Siil Eaftward of him, uunkirk. Kaprt then bearing Sou It , dii^aut aboui io it Leagues ; upon which he immediately made the Signal for ch ifing, tnc Wind being atS. W. and the French fti.cring away N E. but finding they ur-^eed him very much, be brongiic ro at Four in the Afrcrnooa. The Imallcr Ships, indeed, namely, the l^ra^on, Falmouth, Rom- »fh and jidventurCt continued the Chafe until Six, and took a Uunkirk Privateer of ten Guns and fixty M«.n, whici- had been cruifing in the North Seas two Mouths. After this the Rear-Admiral endeavoured to regain his Station, bu' the t'A'tory fifth at Night he was obliged to anchor about five Leagues Well from the Galloper^ the W'ad blowing hard at S. W, There he continued until Eight the next Morning, when he faw eight Sail, at the diftnnce of about five Leagues, flanding Eaftward, and two more Southward, the Utter whereof proved to be the hnwy^ and a Flyboat fhe had tal^en ; the others he purfued, buc could get uo Account of ihera. 11 I*: Dddd 1 Thus 572 NavalTranfaSions of the Englilh, Book IV. Thus ended this long and chat^eable War» for little or nothioe re- markable happep'd afterwards. Peace beioa proclaim'd the clghteentli Day of Oiiober ; and tiie whole naay bie briefly fumm'd up thus A (liort Ob- That although the freuch at the b^inning of the War oot more ftrvatitn Hp- • «- — • — i-i- — c» _»l -i i. i ^. » , * «» ihi tvhclt. yet when our Attaus came to os oetter lettied, and that both we and the 'Dutch took the neceffary and timely care to be early and flrong at Sea, the Enemy did not, more than once afterwards du- ring the whole War, dare to look us in the Face ; and even that once was when the Court of France thoi^ht themfelves fecure of I deftroying two Squadrons of our Ships on their own Coaft, com. j manded by Sir Ralph DelavaU and Rear- Admiral Carter y before the bigger Ships could poflibly jo n them. I: was that which occa- fioti'd pofitive Orders to Monfie ir TourviUe their Admiral, and it I was t^iefe Orders which ob!'^?'? my would, in a very great raealure, have mils'd of their Aim evea in this Particular. I As for the Loffes which England and France fnftatn'd daring this] War in the Ships of their Rcval Navie^ it will have a much better | Face on our fide than that of the T. ade ; for having colleded the j fame with a? much Exadnels as poflibly I could, the Reader may find in the following Accoiwt l^oth one and the other compare^ by which it will appear, that the Enemy (confidering the Magni' tude of their Ships) were much the greater Sufl!er€r8. A»\ (h, Book IV. I Chap.XXV. from the Tear i«<88, to 1^97. 573 k Account of the EngUlli Ships tcken by the French, ^«- rtng the fJ^ar ^ and what were burnt ^ or taken of theirs, viz. Engltjh. N°. of Guns Ships, each. I of 70 1 of f4 X of 48 I of 46 of 41 3 3 6 X 4 ' X X X II I 4 of 36 of 3x of 30 of X4 of 18 of i<$ of IX of 10 of 8 of 6 of 4 X I X 3 i I I X 4 I I I I S S s I 3 3 Total of Cans. • 70 - 54 - 96 . 46 - 1x6 - 108 - 191 - 60 - 96 ' 36 • 3* . X4 ■ 110 - 40 6 - 16 Total $0. Total 1 1 IX. of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of French. 104 90 80 • 76 . 74 ■ 70 . 68 • 60 . S6 . 50 ' 48 . 4x - 40 . 31 • 30 ■ x8 ■ r6 14 ao X08 160 xx8 74 70 68 ixo 1x4 50 48 4X 40 160 156 14c i6 71 60 m m N". of 574 NavdlTranfaHions of the Englifli. Book IV. N'. of Guns Ships, each. 6 of i8 I of i5 X of \x 6 of lo 1 of 6 Total ofGuns. — io8 — i(J — ^4 — 6o — 6 Total 59. Total 1144. The Number of Guns on board the French Ships which were et- cher taken or burnt, more than in t\itEngliJhi were 1131, and mod of them much fiiperior in their Nature. A COM- Book IV i^hich were ci- [i32'> and ffloft A COM. •ci^: MaOrr : •.jatens^-juaxk- u».r.-,;3.^ '-r \' •^\% »> -^..x.;,. 575 m "^ "^ "" "" "^ '~" ii^lSlSSSllSSl A COMPLEAT H I STORY Of the mod Remarkable TRANSACTIONS at SEA. BOOK V. Containing an Account of the Naval Tranra6l:ions of the Englijh, from the Year 1^98, to the Year 1712. Chap. I. Comm'mg Rear- Admiral Benbow'j Proceed'mgi to, in, and jrom the Weft-Indies. [HE Peace concluded at Ryfwick was no fboner rati- fy 'd, than Notice was given thereof as well abroad as to our Shipping at home, that lb all farther Adts !^of Hoftility might timely ceafe; and fince it was not then Decenary to put the Nation to the Expence of maintaining at Sea fo great a Part of the Navy as had liecn employed in time of Adlion, many Ships were brought into tlic Harbours, clpccialiy thofe of largeu Dimenfions, that fo their Hull?, very much worn by continual Service, might be fearched in- to, and thoroughly repaired; and by the particular Care of that cx- cclkut Minirter, the Earl oi Godolphifty the then Lord High Trca- iiirer. 57<^ NavalTr/ffifaBio?7softheV.ng}'\n\^^oQ^\ U tt * i^H V/I I i f. Tht Naval y.xptHci rt- trtnchid upon th$ I'laci, Riar- Admi- rat Ucnhnw ftnt to the Well-Indies. llu InJlrucV- oils. To endeavriir 10 feiz.e on Kiild the Pi- rate. He arrives at Maderas. Corner to Ihr- badoes and the Leeward Iflands. Santa Martha. Arrives at Carthagcna. Ihrer, to furnifli Mon/ tor PJyinp; ofT the Seamen, our Naval Ex- pence was gradually jduced to what was not more than ahlolutcly neccflary for the Honour of the Nation , and for anfwering thoic Services which required Shipping ; one whereof, and that judged ro be of as great Confequcnce as any, was the fending a Squadron to protect our Trade in the IVeJi Indies from any Attempts which might be made thereon by Pirates, or other wile ; and of the Pro- cecdings of that Squadron I will in the firft Place give Ibmc Ac- count. In the Month oi November Mr. Benbow, Rear Admiral of the Blue, was ordered to thole Parts with the Gloccftety Falmutb and Dunkirk^ all of them Ships of the Fourth Rate, to which thtrc was added a iinall French Prize called the Germoon. He was di- reded firft to call at the Leeward Iflands, and there to dilpolc of Colonel Cotlingwood's Regiment as the Council at Nevis Ihould judge moft proper, for by the Death of General Codrington the lulc Management of the Affairs of thole Iflands devolved on them. This being done, he was to bend his Courl'e dircdlly to Jamaica, and having remained there as long as it Ihould be judged ncceffary for the puolick Service, he was to v\C\r Barbadoes and the Carthbee Iflands, and fo to employ the Ships under his Command, from time to time, as might be moft proper for the Defence of the Plantari- CDS and Trade, as aforefaid. And fince the Government was informed that one Kidd, who lail- ed from England a conftderablc time before, on a private Account, in a Ship called the Adventure Gaily, with a Commifiion under the Great Seal, and Power to Icize on Pirates, and their EfTcds had fb far broke his Inftruftions, and indeed the real and only Delign of his Voyage, as ro commit fcveral notorious Piracies himlcif, the Rcar-Admiral was particularly charged to make diligent Enquiry af- ter liim, and to f'cizc on, and fecurc his Perfbn, together with his Men, Ship, and Efl"c(3:s, that fb they might be brought to dcicrved Punifhment. Purfuant to thefe Inftrudions he failed from Tortfinouth the twenty ninth oi Novcmbery and was the eighteenth of the next Month in the Latitude of 36 Degrees North, and ii Degrees Weft from the Lizard, in his way to the Maderas, where in tew Days after he put in for Wine, and fiich other Refrefhments as arc ablo- lutely neceflary for the Prcfcrvation of Men on fuch Voyages. He reached Barbadoes the twenty fevcnth oi February, and hav- ing fupplicd the Ships with what was wanting, proceeded towards Nevis, one of the Leeward Iflands, whence (having difpatchcd what Bufinefs he had there) he fleered his Courfc for Terra Ftrma, and in a fliort time made the high Land of Santa Martha, at the Diftance of about twenty Leagues, vvliich lies in the Latitude of u Degtccs, and as the upper Parts thereof arc conftantly cover'd with Snow, fb is it (he fays) cftecmed as high, if not higher Land than hath been elfewhere fcen. He flood not fb near the Shore as ro difcover whether there was any commodious anchoring, but conti- nued hisCourlc for Carthagena, where he found the Bay to be large, " $ with h BoqkV. m Chap. I. from the Tear 169^. to 1112. Sll with good Ground, aud very grjiliul Soundings; for as tlicrc was five Fathom Water within a Mile of" the Shore, lb had he not more than eight at fix times that Dillancc. Before he dropped Anchor, he lent a Letter to the Governor, and was informed by the MclTcnger, that the Sfaniards had often con- Ijltcd, both there, and at Torto Bella, how they might moft cfTcc- tiially railb Men to diflodgc the Scotch, who were then CDdcavour- Spmurds «« ing to Icttlc themfelvcs at 'Darien, but that they had not formed ''« "-^'"i '■ any Rcfolutions, being cautious of cxpofing themfelvcs to a War ';'^|;,'(rh .''" \s\i\\ Scotland, at a time when they had an entire Frieudfhip with l).,rieii. England. But notwithftanding thcfc Ipccious Pretences, rhey had idiially fcizcd on two or three of our Merchant Ships, which they dcligncd ^o equip in warlike manner, and to .mploy againd the Scotch., in Conjunction with their Armada (as they termed them) at forto Bella, which were no more than three Ships, and they in no better a Condition than commonly thofe of the Spantjh Nation have been known to be, elpecially in thefe latter Times. The Rear- Admiral arrived foon after before Bocca Chica, at the Entrance of the Harbour of Carthagena, which he judged to be much the better Road, and was defended by a Cadlc, whereon were mounted about i6 Guns. There he endeavoured to furnifli the Ships with Water, but meeting with Oppofition from the Governor, he nc Rcjr- / .' judged it incumbent on him to relent fuch uncivil Treatment, and ""';"' "'" '' let him know that he would enter the Harbour, and force from caiihajciu. thence the Englijh Ships, if he did not immediately lend them out to him. The Governor made frivolous Delays, but yet promifed that if he would get up his Anchors, and come before the Town, the Ships Ihould be lent out that very Moment ; for (as he allcdg- cd) the Inhabitants were jealous and uncafy at his blocking up the Harbour. In Expcdlation that this would be complied with, the Rear- Ad- miral did as the Governor had defired, but finding the Ships were nevcrthclefs detained , he taxed him with the Breach of his Word, and gave him to undcrllaud that he would alTurcdly endeavour to force them out of the Harbour, if they were not immediately dil- patched to him, at which the Governor being fomewhat (lartled, and not caring to abide the Extremity, fulTcred the Ships to be fet at liberty. The little Quantity of Water which the Spaniards would permit our Ships to take in at this Place, fubjeded the Men to the Belly- ake, to prevent the ill Confequenccs whereof the Rear- Admiral Hood away for Jamaica, and in his PafTage met with an unknown Shoal, about fourteen Leagues Eaftward of the Serrana, which ex- f"J"^,'"'i''''''' tends icfelf N. E. and S. W. about nine Miles. i^lni o/',l, The Southermofl part of this Shoal he reprefeuts to be a Hill of Serrana. Sand about the length of two Cables, fuppofed to have been thrown up by the Sea, and that there were on it many Timbers of a Ship ieen above Water -. a Mile to the Southward whereof he difcovered a Reef of Rocks, to the N. E. of which all the Ground was foul ; oihtr shai,. nor was there any thing to be feen but a Rock which appeared like E c c c the Hi temti tt Proctt(U la I'orio licllo. 578 NavalTrafif^tBions of the Eng\in\,BooYiV. J Chap. the bottom of a Long boat, not far from which he efpied another Wreck, and within two Miles of the aforclaid Shoal, there was not any Ground to be found with Icventy Fathom of Line. This he ob- icrvcd to be diftjnt about Bftccn Lei^ues from a known Shoal call- ed 'i^oint 'Pedrot and that it bore from it S. by W. When he arrived at Jamaicay the Governor and moft of the rra- ding People requcftcd him to (ail to Torto Bello^ there to demand from the Spaniards their Ships, Goods, and Men, which they had wrongfully taken , and that chiefly at the Inftance of the Admiral of the Barlovento Fleet, Ships which are employed in carrying Mony from the Havana to pay the Garrifons to Windward, and for the Defence of thole Parts, To comply with this reafonablc Requeft he failed with the Glo'- cefter, Falmouth, Lyntiy and Saudadoes-Vrize^ and arrived ^xTorto Bella the twenty fecond of Marchy having been much hindered in his Paffage by the Badnels of the Sails, which frequently gave way ; a Misfortune of the laft ill Confequencc, and which hath, on other Occafions, too often happened, to the very great Prejudice of the Service. Finding there the Admiral of the Barlovento Fleet, he acquainted him with the rcafon of his coming, but was anfwercd roughly, that what he had done arofc from the Attempt the Scotch had made ai 'Darien, whofe Intereft and that of England he eftcemed to be the fame. Several McHages pafTed between them, but at length he was af- furcd that if he would retire from before the Port, the Ships, Men, and Goods Ihould be fcnt out to him ; but the Dilputc continuing until the twentieth of jlpril, and the Rear- Admiral then finding his own Ship very leaky, he failed with her and the Germoon-'Prizey leaving the others before the Place to fee his Demands complied with. He reprefcnts the Harbour here to be very commodious, and that it was fortified with three Caftles ; one at the Entrance (which is about half a Mile wide) of 18 Guns, another over the Town, near Gun- (hot from the firft, whereon was twenty Cannon, and the third a fmall old Fort, on which were mounted it, and in the Harbour was the Spanijh Admiral beforementioned, with four Ships from f6 to 36 Guns. The Rear- Admiral returning xo Jamaica the fifteenth of Mayt failed thence fbon after in the Saudadoes-Trize y which Ship, in Company of the Falmouth, and Lynn, arrived the Night before from Torto Bella, without having been able to efTedi any thine there, notwithflanding the fblemn Promifes the Spaniards had made. The reafon of his going to Sea with the aforefaid Prize on- ly, was the Intelligence he had received that Kidd the Pirate was hovering about the Coaft ; but when he had for fbme time unfuc- cefsfully fought him, he returned to Jamaica, and had there Advice that he was near St. T^omingo. The former Experience he had of the Badnefs of the Sails, made him doubt they would not well endure the flrong Gales which fre- » qiicntly Dtfcription of thtHart'Our of I'orto Bella i6ij'j. Sttket Kidd without i«f- (ef,. ""d Tt H Chap. I. fro?// the Tear 1698, /enmark , could not juftifiably be delivered up ; io that the Rear- Admiral was obliged to defifl, for his InflrudiioDS did not empower htm to adt in an hoftile manner. This Ifl.ind of St. Thomas^ about twenty Miles in length, is one ^'/''.'^'i" "^ ot the Weftcrraoft of thole called the Virgins , lying at the Eaft Vhomas "" End oi 'Porto Rico. Its Harbour (which is very commodious) is on the South fide, being capable of receiving Ships of any Rank ; and it is well known that the Ifland iticif hath been, as it now ;s, a Re- ceptacle for Frce-Boorers of all Nations. The latter end of O&oher tlic Rear- Admiral failed from thence, and cruiled eleven Days ber-.veen the Weft End of Torto Rico, and the Eaft End of Ht/p ante la, when ftretching into the Bay of Sa- mtia, he remained there until rhe eighteenth of November. Four Days after he came before St. T)omingOy and fent in the Maidjione Demands an to demand an Englijh Sloop which the Spaniards had taken fome ^," J"[j^'^ time before ; but in this Cafe he got no more SarisfacSion than in mingo. the fbrnicr, wherefore returning to Jamaica^ he had there an Ac- count rhat the South-Sea CajHe, and Biddcford., the one a Fifth, ^°"!''"^''' the other a Sixth Rate, were loft on T*oint Bagne, near the Ifle of nfjl.i^i j'jd E e c e 1 AJhyiofi.' 58o Njval TratifiiilioNs of the En^Wih, BookV. hcmi. Ajhy in tlicir PafTagc from England rn 'Jamaica, occafloncd, as it was generally hclitvcd, by thor keeping that Shore too dole oa board in the Night, which, in the Hxrrcinity ot Weather they nice with, they could not thli.iigaf;c thci:>lelvcs fronj ; nor was the Place itlclt lb (Iclcribcd then in any of ihc Sea Charts, (il'at all) as to caution them of the d.iiigcr, At "famaica he found a Supply of Provifions from England^ which n#f»;wi Or- he dilhibutcii ainongft tlic Ships, and loon after received Orders to dtri to r„mu fctum homc ; but lirll ro conUilt with the Governor w hat miuhr be done for the publick Service with the Ships under his Command; and if he himlcif judged it pradicabic, he was to range along the Coaft between the Gulph o\' Elunda and Newjuiiiidluiid, to free thole Parts from Pirates. Sailing from Jamaica with the Gloccjhr, Fabtmuthy Lynn^ Shurehanii Maidjlonvy and Rupert ■'■I'rize^ he lelc the Sundadoes- 'Prize and Get moo;/ to attend the Ifland, mflcad of the South Sea Cajtle and Biddeford; and being near the Havana, he lent the haU mouth home from thence, for Ihc was too weak to be trufted in the Seas about Nc^ England, on which Coaft arriving himlelf the twentieth of April, he found ihar Kidd had been lent from rhcncc towards England lomc time before ; tor being Icized by the Earl of Bellomont, Governor of that Country, (who, w ith other Perlbns of Quality, were concerned in the Ship) he was pur on board one of our Frigates of the Fourth Rate, called ihc Advice, with confi. derabic Riches, jur not the Moiety of what he had aiifually gotten, the Remainder being lodged in the Hands of Pcrlons unknown, pt at leaft luch as could not be come at. This Arch-Pirate had not been long in England e'er he was tried at a Scrtions of Admiralty, held at the Old-Batly, and he, with fcveral of his Accomplices, being condemned, they were executed, and expolcd in Chains in proper Places on the Banks of the Rivet of Thames^ to deter others from committing the like Villanics. I might here take notice of Icveral PafTagcs relating to this hardened Wretch, but more efpecially as ro the great Induftry which was uicd to prevail with him to impeach fomc Noble Lords who were con- cerned in fetting him out, with a CommifTton under the Great Seal, as I have laid before ; but fince it is fomewhat remote from theOu< /inefs in hand, 1 will leave it with this Remark only, that although Ktdd was in other things a notorious Villain, yet he was io jud in this Particular as-DOt wrongfully to accufc the innocent. Comin% to Ntw hug- l.iiid, ht found Kid J w*i fint homt. Kidd triti and txccHttd, Kidd lamft td with. Chap. Chap II. from theTcar 1^98, to 11x2. 581 C 11 A P. II. \uC'Alit^i>(il AylnuT Jhii wtth a Squadron to the Mcdi- tcrratican ; Captahi Andrew Leake, and^ njier him^ i'jpttuu Staffonl Fairborn to Newroundland, and Cap' /rf/^/ Thomas Warren to Madagafcar. BFfidcs rlic vShips of War fcnr to the ircji- 1 tidies witli Rear Ad- lUirul Binbirjjy (tr( m which the Kiiigtl"m rcLiival no other Auuiita^c than rhc I'rorr(ili()n f)f our Trade trnm Pirate ) there were a'tr v^»,4. other Squadrons iiii|vo\c(l ahroaii. viz, one under the Command of ''^'"" ;"•' <• Vice AJiiiiial Aylmer \\\ rhc Mtd.titrancany for Security of the "*''' Trade to Italy and /////fv, v\ ho alio confirmed the Treaties wirh ihc Governments of ^y/^/(7, Tums^ im\ Tripoli Captain Audrcju Uikfy and after him Caprain Staf'rd Fairb^rn f were lent ro ^afou'idlaud for rhc S.iuriry of oni Filh.ry there, ind for con- Jydtiiig them late to the I'orrs in the Mcdttcrranean and TortHgaly idJ thence home. The latter, in his I'afTa^e w^ t\\c Levant ^ put 111 it Thotilon, about the midi'le o\ Septctnbcr, where he was nor only civilly enccrtain'd by the Marquis of Hi'lmoud but permitted . :o view their M.iga/ines and Ship<, which were thirty two of the ' LiDC of Batt.'l, three Firelhips, and as many Bomb-VefT-ls. In his uji uv,u-i return he vifited rhc Prince of llefji' T^armjiat at Barcelona^ who intttL njslbmc rime before removed from the Vice-Roy(hip oi Catalonia iivhcrcin he had given great Satisfadlion) to make room for the Count oi'Palina^ Nephew oi Cixi!i\x\a\'TortacarrcrOy which Prelate y been very inftrumental in letting the Crown oi Spain on the Head of the then Duke ot Anjoti^ Gtandlbn to the French King, and was the principal occafion of the enfuitig Rupture. Soon after Captain Fairborn arrived at CadiZy but was obliged """rud to ha- Mlialicn fom thence, for the Spaniards had notice a War wasdc-^,^/"'" ^'' on.i he. ween the Dutch and them. Another (Itiall Squadron was lent to the Eafi- Indies under the ci/f, Warren Command of Captain Thomas Warren, for the grearer Security of''"'"'""" m rich Trade, and luppreHing Pirates m thole Parts. He, with at Mid»6»f- rlicrs, jointly commifiion'd under the Great Seal, had Power to <^"- ttcjt with that Ncft of Sea- Robbers, who were ftrongly Icttlcd on ihclfland of Madagafcar^ his Majcdy having ilTucd his Royal Do- uritinn of Pardon, if they would fiirronder themlelves; but thofe bdcncd Villains were lb wedded to their joofc Life, that his Ma- ;;ll\'s gracious Intentions towards them prevailed but on very few lo Liy hold thereof, nor was it in the Power of our Ships of V/iX I' force them thereunto ; fo that after they had continued a long nine iu thole Parts, to the no little Expence of the publick Trea- t7..'0. ir si.ifford ■ iirliorn mn to h iiilun, ' .'• :v r.erd Avjiier, and Hear yldwiial I'f Lligl.inil. i Ji/'.c Krf.'^hied, and a flag Oljicer. ',^. iMl K-l fure. 582 NavalTranfaSionsofthe Englilh, BookV. II III Ml Killi M|l|||lj m^^BfllllHl 1*^ Si WM iRili'i |MI w-.'^i HIH |l,;[|'. rain i^^l ||vMM||' r I' Atuthtr Ccurfi tahn with I'lratcs. CapiaitiMviw- fure, rhcy returned home under the Command of Caprain James Littleton *, (for Captain IVarren died loon after the landing of Sir IVilliam Norris, his Majcfty's Ambaflador to the MoguiJ who had the good Fortune to burn or jcftroy Ibmc of the Ships belona- ing to thefe Sea Robbers at thoic Places abroad where they lurked. And as for Pirates in general, his Majefty loon aPer iffued his Royal Proclamation, (upon a Propoial humbly made by my lelf) prcisi- fing not only Pardon, but a Reward to fuch who would dilcovcr their Ring- leaders, fo as they might be apprehended and brought to Puniftment ; nay even fuch who would voluntarily furrender them- (elves were likewife aflurcd of the King's Mercy ; and this had in a great Meafure the dcfired Efftd; for although few, or none came in, yet they grew lb jealous one of another, that rarely any of th'-;m attempted to difturb the Seas many Years. Another Imall Squadron was lent before Sa/ky, in the Kingdom dt tntjjith of FeZt under the Condud: of Captain Jt?^;/ Munden \ tocruifea- SaTky.'"^' '" gainft the Pirates of Barbary^ but more eCpccially thofe of the afore- iaid Port, the ^^rincipal one they have. He was alio empowered to negotiate a Truce with them, and Caprain George 'Delavall\ was at the fame time employed to treat tor the Redemption of our Cap- tives, wherein he had very good Succcfs. There was a general Contribution throughout England for the Benefit of thole miferable Chriftians, many of whom had fuffered a long time under the into- lerable Hardlhips of Slavery, infomuch that by what was fo col- ledled, and what the Government advanced towards this charitable D-fign, a great Number received their Liberty, who were brought in a decent Proceflion through the City of London^ where a Sermon was preached to them at the Church of St. Mary k Bow, fuitablc to the Occafiou. Chap. III. Contatnwg an Account of Sir George Rooke'5 Proceed'w^s in the Baltick for reconciling the Kings of Denmark and Sweden. IN the Month of November Sir Gesrge Rooke^ Admiral of the Fleet was ordered to take upon him the Command of a Squa- dron of his Majefly's Ships, which were to be joined by fevcral 'Dutch Men of War, and afterwards by the Swedijh Fleet in the Baltick SC'i, and to be employed towards compofing the Difference between the fvo Northern Crowns, which, if not timely effedcd. A Contribu- tion for iht Redemfitun of Cafiivei, * since a TlagOffiter and Commtjfioner of the Savy. ] Afterwards Kr,ghnd, and .< fUg-Offuer. \ Since a fl'^- Officer. J miglic ifli, BookV. M Chap. Ill, from the Year i ^^8, to 1112. 583 mi. iht have proved of very ill Confequence to the Affairs of Eu- nfe. Sir George was not only to command our Ships of War, but thofe of the States-General, at the Head whereof was Lieutenant- Admi- ral Ailemoude \ and having received fuch Orders tirom his Majefty as were judged proper for the defigncd Expedition, hclaiicd towards theCoail oi Holland to join the 'Dutch Squadron, which were oiic Ship of 94 Gun?, four of yx, five of 64, one of 5^4, and two of j6, with two Fireftiips, and three Frigates ; and ours were r c of Ho Guns, two of 70, and fcven of 50, with two Frigates, and one Firclbip, befides BorabVcrtels. About the middle oi May he arrived at the//^_^a^, where con- ferring with the Penfioner, and the Swedijh AmbafTador, as aX- lb with Admiral y^//ew(3»//s Jecurt them In this Pofture the Fleets lay for fomc time, Sir George Rookel cxpcding that the Swedes would, according to what had been pro-l mifed, have pulhed thorough, which in all Probability they miohtl have done in lefs than two Hours, for it had blown trcih at S. S E I but the Opportunity being loft, he got under Sail, and came ncar^ er to the Ifland iWaew, meanwhile the 1)anes ply'd towards him m a Line of Battel, but anchored about Noon near three Leagues cR] in the Mouth of the Chanel leading up to Co/>eti/we>iy and 'lie! Swedes were much about the fame Diftance on the oiher Side of] the Grounds. | Soon after Count Gulden lieu^ High Admiral o^^etimark, lent a Frigate to Sir George RookCj with Admiral Geda^, and Monficur Hanjefiy a Counfellor of State, afluring him that the Kini^ oiT>en\ mark had accepted the Mediation of England and HoUand, wjrh t\\2ii oi France^ for reconciling the Difference bcr ween his Majefty and the Duke oiHolJiein\ but Sir George being not fully latisty'dj therein, becaufc he had not received any Notice thereof from Mr. ■ Crejfety our Minifter, and finding that the Swed'tjh Fleet had palfcd j the Chanel of Fltnterrena the third of July^ he got under Sail the next Day, and anchoring off of Landfaoon^ he joined them thej fixth, whereupon the T)anes retreated into their Harbours, and the] Winds being not only frelb, but contrary, the Admiral could nocj {»«"'" "^'^ 8^' '"^° Copenhagen Road before luelday Noon, when viewing rhej Tianijh Fleet, he found they were lecurcd not only by lunkcii Vei-I fcls, bur by floating Stages, whereon they had placed m.niy Guns,! and by Booms athwart their Harbour. Bcfidcs, they had, for their 1 greater Safety, got fome of their Ships \vi;hin the Talboate, and the reft into a Place called the Reefs Holey inlomuch that it was judged impradicable to attempt ihem with the Frigates and Fire-j ihips; but (as a Council of War had relblved) there were four Bomb-Veffels fent as near in as the Bombardiers thought fit, ai;d that Night they threw away about an hundred and lorty Shells, tor I they did little or no Damage. Soon after this there were lent to Gottenburgh a Fourth and a I Fifth Rate of the Englijhy and three Ships of the States-General, \ to cover the Forces which the King of Sweden intended to tranl- port to Tonningen, on the River Ejider, and three Engli/h, wah fix Swedijhy together with three TJutch Ships were ordered in 1 the South Chanel, going into Copenhageuy with the Bomb Vc/TJsi Bomhardtd a from whencc they bombarded the 'Dani/h Fleet fome Hours, but not [Kondtimt. ^rjth greater Succefs than before; nor did thofe on our Side receive any Damage from their Shells, or the Shot fi-om the Town, Ships, and Puntoons. Strength of ^"^ *^ "^^X ^^ °°^ imptopcr to inform you, that the Swcdijl) the Swedidi Ships which joined the Englijh and T)utch were three of 5)0 Guns **'/"• "/"^"^ each, one of 76, one oC 74, fevcn of 70, four of 64, one of 6z, two of f6, three of 5'4, three of ji, and four of jo, with three Frigates, five Firefhips, and one Bomb-VefTel, and with them there were three Admirals, two Vice- Admirals, and three Rear- Admirals; lb Danifli Sh\f. trded. Chap.IV. from theTear 1689, to 1712. 585 fo that the whole Strength confided of -fty two Ships of the Line of Battel, from 94 to fiGuns. Preparations were now making for a vigorous Dclccnt in Koge Bay, uud between Copenhagen and Eljimre at the f-mc time ; but [he Winds being contrary, thofe Troops which embarked at IJd- fidt, being chiefly Horle, could not get over to the aforefaid Bay, 15 was intended, Jo that they were put on Shore, and ordered to UiidfcrooHy and Hcljcnbiirg, to be tranfported from thence; and [he latter End of 7«/y tne King of Sweden landed with about five ;^-,„g p/Swe- thoulaiid Foot near four Miles on this Side Eljinore., without any den lands grcjt Lois, although the Thanes had brought down a Body of "''"' •^"'"°''*- Horlc and Foot, and three or four Field- Pieces to oppofe them. The young King remained intrenched in his Camp, until he was (Ifcngclicncd by ibveral Squadrons ot' Horle, and then he purpolcd to bcficge the City ; but although Matters were at this Pals, it was agreed on all Sides that the Commerce Ihould not be interrupted, ^o that Shipping pafTed and re-paflcd the Sound as ufual; nor did any DijjWences farther Adts of Hoftility enlue, for all Differences were foon after "ccommod-j- happily accommodated, and the Squadrons thereupon returned home. '" " Thus were thcfe two Northern Monarchs reconciled, or at Iea(^ the King of 'Df « war^, who was the AggrefTor, fubmitted to rcafouable Terms, which King IVillianif and his AUies the States-General had determined to conftrain him to do: And had they not thus gone roundly to work with the Tianes, by aflifting the Sivcdes with (b confidcrable a Part of their Naval Force, and letting them fee that if ihcy declined an amicable Accommodation, they had nothing ellc to cxpcdt but a vigorous Attack on their Country, the Quarrel be- tween thofe two Princes, which mull have drawn after it other ill Conlcqucnccs, would not have been lb foon brought to a happy llTue. Chap. IV. Coniamng an Account of Sir George Rooke'^ Proceedings with the Fleet in and about the Chant I ^ and of the Na- val Preparations of the French. ii:.l' I70f. IN the Month of February the Ejiglijh Flag-Officers were dif- patchcd to the leveral Ports, not only to haften out the Ships, but to lend them to the Rendezvous in the Do'-jitis, for there was at that time a Sulpicion that the French (although it was not thought sufpidon of a 1 War would immediarely break out) had a Dengn to cover a TranI- Dejce»t /rom port, Ibmc time in March, with a Squadron from 'Dunkirk^ and ^'""<=S' that tlicy would land Forces in this Kingdom, wherefore Orders were fent to Rear- Admiral BenbozVy who commanded in the lyowns, to ulc his bed Endeavours to fruftrate fuch a Dcfigu. And that as ma F f f f ny SS6 NavaJTranfaSiom of the Englilh, BookV. Spithead the Retiilicv us /or iht fttet. 1701. l\h ny Ships might be got together, and as early too, as it was pofTible thofe which had more than their middle Complements of Men were ordered to difcharge them into fuch as wanted of that Number: But the FreMch, if they really had any fuch Intentions, did not think it convenient at this time to put them in Execution. It was, upon farther Confidcration, thought advifeable co appoint S}>itheai for the Rendezvous, and ro that Place Sir Cloudejly Sho- vell (then Admiral of the Blue) was ordered to proceed with the Fleet from the Downsy but firfl: to leave a proper Squadron to look after the French Ships at 'Dunkirky which was put under the Com- mand of Sir John mundeny who had for fome time continued at Sheernefsy and been very diligent in the Difpatch of the great Ships from Chatham. And that the Fleet might be got together as foon as it was poflible, Vice-Admiral Hopfon^ vvhofe Flag was fly- ing at Spitheady was ordered to detain all luch Ships as mi^ht touch there, either from the 'Downs or the Weftern Ports. In the Month of April a nimble Frigate called the Lizardy com- manded by Captain Rupert Billingjlyy was fent to dilcover what Captain Bii- Naval Preparations the French were making at Brefty Port Louis SvefThe'" ^^^ Rocheforty who meeting with feveral of their Burfes, he was Entmy-'p'rt- aflurcd by the Matters of them that the Ships at the latter of thofc faratitnt. Places were preparing for the Sea, and that feven Frigates lately ar- rived from Spainy rid under the Ifle Daix. Proceeding on, he ran up towards the Tertuis eCAntiochey until he had the aforelaid Ifle S. £. about four Miles diftant, and then an- chored. There was in the Road de Bafque a French Ship of 70 Guns, but that he might be the lefs fufpeded, he ordered his Licu- tenanr on board of her, with a Pretence that he was fent thither in Search of an Engitjh Ketch that had been ran away with from Milford by feveral preft Men, which Vefl!el he heard had been iu the Bay of Bifcay. The Lieutenant was very civilly treated, and after fome Difcourfc with the Captain of the French Ship, he fent him on Shore to the Governor of Rochellcy and Monfieur ©» Cajje (for he was then at that Place) ordered the French Officer who accoc^^anieJ him to take care for his being fupphed with what he wanted. * When the Lieutenant returned on board the French Ship, rhefc- cond Captain of her difcovered himfelf to him, (aid his Name was Bennety and that he commanded the Trident when Ihe and the Content were taken the laft War in the Mediterraneany having made his Efcape from MeJJlnay where he had for ibme time been a Prifoner. Monfieur ®« Caffe was deHgned to Sea in this Ship of 70 Guns, but under Orders to remain in the Road de Bafque until the Re- mainder of his Squadron joined him there, fome whereof were fud- denly expedted from Brefty and others from Port Louiiy all equip- ped for foreign Service ; and Part of this Squadron were the Ships which Vice- Admiral Benbow afterwards met with, and engaged in the fVeft-IndieSy of which unfortunate Action an Account ihall be given in its proper Place. 1 On Chap. IV. from the Tear 1 6 ^S, to I -J 1 2. 587 On the fiiurrli of A/ay Captain Billitigjly anchored at the En- triiicc of Brejf Harbour, and icnt his Lieutenant on Shore, under Pretence of cnqiiirint^ for the ftraggUng Ketch, and to bring off fomc Water. The Lieutenant had no Iboncr landed than he was conveyed to Monficur Cotlongon, who then commanding there, let liiin know, that he was no Stranger to the real Bufinels he came about. However, the Lieutenant rcqueftcd Liberty to fill fome Wa- ter, but was anfwercd that Brejl was not a Place for him to be fur- njllicd with it, and therefore he gave him a Letter to the Governor niCamaret Tower to fuffcr him to fill what Water he wan ed, and loi'upply him with whatever clfc he (Iiould defirc; but as he had noprclcnt Occafton, hercturncd without making any ulcofthisCour- tcly. In the Port of Brefi the French were getting ready their p,,paratt0nt great Ships, and there were four Frigates, Iheathed and fitted for a <" Hreii. foreign Voyage, bound, as it was judged, xo Roc he fort, where Mon- ficur ©« Cafe lay. The Lieutenant of the Lizard having given his Commander an Account of what pafTed on Shore, he lent him to the Governor of Cmaret with the aforefaid Letter from Monfieur Cotlon^on, who capram Bii- advill-d him to haften to his Ship, for that if Ihcdid not liiddenly de- ''"s'ly "^V-i part the Road he would fire on her; whereupon Captain Billing Jly Cimit'et'Iay, got under Sail in the Evening, and made the beft of his Way to S/ithead, where, to his no little Mortification, he received Notice of the War, for he had met with a French Merchant Ship of about 16 Guns, which he judged came from the JVeJt-Indies, and proba- bly would have been a very good Booty to him. Having made this little Digrcflion, I return to the Body of our Fleet, which at the Beginning of the Year was in great Want of Men, and therefore it was ordered that all the Ships, except the Squadron defigned for the IVeJi-Indies^ fliould enter no more than their lowed: Complements, for by this means it was judged that each of them might be the Iboner put into a tolerable Condition for Service ; and fmce many of the Men of that Squadron were raw, and unexperienced, the Ships were frequently lent out to cruife, that lb they might be exercifcd, and inured, in fbrae Degree, to the Service before they proceeded on the Voyage. Sir Cloudcjly Shovell arrived at Spithead the fifteenth of y^r/V, sh Cioudefly with forty fix Engltfb Ships, and ten Dutchy including fmall Fri- ,^''s7,{|"7" gates and Fircfliips, from whence there were Squadrons lent to Ire- *' ''I'^J* ' kid, for conducing Troops from thence to Holland, and Cruifers squadrons into the Soundings, and eU'c where, for Security of the Trade, while ^"l/"^ '** others were employed for Intelligence; for the /^rf «f^, according to the beft Advices which could be gained, were at this time making all imaginable Difpatch in fitting out, and manning their Ships at Brejl, and the Ports in the Bay. dpti'm John Leake* being fent out in thcMonthof y^ag«/? with capt John fome Frigates for Intelligence, was informed, whenoffof J5r^y?, that /J'/„^„{/"/ eight Ships of War were gone from that Port towards the Mediter- gmce. *Ajierivards knighted, and Admiral <•{ tht Fleet. Ff ff z ranean. 588 NavalTranfatlwns of theYng\\{\\, Book V. A Squadron riady n/Urell Sir George Rooke Admi- ral of the fliti arnvis »i Spithead. Strtnph of the hUtti, Englidi and Dutch. ranean. One of his Lieutenants was on board a French Vice- Ad- miral in Breji Water, and found there were nineteen Ships in that Harbour, ot which the Hope^ of 70 Guns, taken from us the laft War, was the Icaft, as alio four Firelhips, and one Frigate, all lying with their Top-lails loofc, unmoored, in order to fail the firft fair Wind, and with them there were a Vice, and two Rear- Admirals. The Admiral of the Fleet, Sir George Rooke^ went on board the Triumph in the 'Downs the lccondof_7«/>', (at which time his Majcfty was convoyed to Holland by Vice- Admiral Hopfon) and arriving at Spithead the fourth, received Diredions to follow the King's Orders. In few Days he was joined by Rear Admiral Mundeuy with two Third Rates, fix Fourths, and one Fffth, and then he formed his Line of Battel, which was compofed of the Numbers and Rates of Ships followiog, viz. Number. Englijh. Guns each. 6 II i5 90 80 70 60 50 48 Befides fmall Frigates, Firelhips, Bomb-Vef. fels, G?f. 'Dutch. I I 4 I 6 15 9x 90 71 64 SO And they had aifo fmall Frigates, and other necedaiy Veflels. With the Englijh Fleet there were, befides the Admiral himfclf, the feveral Flag- Officers hereafter mentioned, viz. Sir Cloudejly Shovell^ Sir Thomas Uoffon^ John Benbow., Efq; Sir John Munden, Admiral of the Blue. Vice Admiral of the Red. Vice- Admiral of the Blue. Rear- Admiral of the Red. Of the Dutch. Lt. Admiral Alicmonde. Vice Admiral Vandprgoes. Rear- Admiral IVaJfenaer. He Chap.. He \v.is mii for wa Him to pro cdhisPaflTl ty firft by no iboner S W. agaii Top-marts, ^, to pre kn\ The rvv< N.W. and thclflcof ance of the fence of hi ODC Fifth, cfthc£»^ 'Jiutch Shi Diion iraJli well into r The Adt nmth, wh: he had bee of the laid of^x, faik iod four lai llenr Chatc, five of 70 ( Giias, thrc for fix Moi nBreftho tm Renat Three Decl and repairii fore this M failed trom bouod (as : ^d in fittir would have Sir Gear Renault w of the Flee Squadron) of the fcv< by a Coui lo™' betw ScHly, bu great Ship; that realbr fooner, if t W4 Chap. IV. from the Tar i6^8, to 1712. 58^ He was obliged to remain at St. Helen's until the middle of //«- itji for want of Provifious, and many other NeccfTarics, ro enable m to proceed to Sea ; bur lailing then, and (lopping Tides, gain- ed his PafTage ro Torbayy where he was forced to anchor the twen- ty lirft by a ftrong S. W, Wind. Some Days after he failed, but was Doiooner got clear of the Land, than he met the Wind frclh at SW. again, which eucrcafing, and fcveral Ships having loft their Top-raafts, and Iplit their Sail«, he was obliged to return to Tor- ^, to prevent the Fleet's being driven as far Eaftward as Sc. He- The twenty ninth in the Morning weighing wirh the Wind at N.W. and fair Weather, he reached off" of the Fottrn-hcnd, near the Iflc of 'L'^<««/', the firft oi September^ from whence (ni pnriii jDceof the Orders of the Lords- Jufticcs of the Kingdom, in the Ab- fcnce of his Majefty) he detached fix Third Rates', nine Fouitlis, one Fifth, one Sixth, two Firclhips, a Storelhip, and an Holpir.il, of the £»(f //^, under the Command oiSxx John Alitndcn, and ten liutch Ships, beftdes Firclhips, and Imall Frigates, commanded by Baron JVaffenaer^ to fee the Squadron bound to the fVcJi Indies well into the Sea. The Admiral was informed by the Mafter of a Hoy ofT of Fal- miith, which came from Breji the twenty ninth of ^»^«/?, (where he had been detained a confidcrable time) that on the third Day of the laid Month the St. E/prit of 78 Guns, and the St. Francis of ji, failed to the IVeji Indies, with a fmall Frigate, a Fircihip, and four large Storefliips, and that the very Day he came out Mon- licar Chateau Renault put to Sea with three Ships of three Decks, live of 70 Guns each, two of 50, and 'bur Frigates from 30 to 40 Guns, three Firefhips, and four Storeihips, all of them vi<5tii;'llcd for fix Months He added that the Count TyEjtrees was arrived inBreftftom Cadiz, to command in the Ablcnce of Monfieur C/ja- tm Renault, and that there were laid up in that Harbour eleven Three Deck Ships, and four of 70 Guns, which they were ftripping, and repairing againft the next Summer ; and about a Fort^night be- fore this Mafter of the Hoy came from the faid Port of Brefi, there failed from thence two Snips of the firft Rank, and four orhers, bount! (as it was reported) for Lisbon, to afllft the King of Vortu- lil in fitting out his Fleet, for then it was lufpeded that that Prince would have declared in favour of France. Sir George Rooke being ordered, if he found Monfieur Chateau Renault was failed from Brejl, to cruifc with the remaining part of the Fleet (after the Detachment was made with the fVeft-India Squadron) in fuch Stations as might be moft proper for the Security of the fcveral Trades expedied from foreign Parts, it was reiblved by a Council of Flag-Officers to cruile in the Latitude of 49''' 3o'°' between twenty and fifty Leagues from the Iflands of Scllly, but as they were of Opinion it was not fafe to keep the great Ships at Sea after the tenth of September, fb did they, for that realbn, reloive to repair then towards St. Helen'^, or indeed Iboncr, if the Winds happened to fet in, and to blow hard Wcfterly. i Having The Fleet C. W)1I 0^ of L (lijiit, and (ends fnrtvard I he Well -I II- dul Squadron, 'Several ; i.;ijih ^h'lps Ltd from Urell. French Shi/is jent to alfifl the Kifj of Portugal. Stalhn agrtii fjr our Fleet tt cruile in. fc.J Thi Tint ri- turns to St. Helen'i. 590 Naval TraiifaciioTis of the E ngl i (h, Book V Having therefore cruilcd to the Extent of that time, the Admiral left the Station, and beat up (cvcral Doys between the Utart and 'Plimouth, to prevent his being forced into the Soundy a dangerous Place for Ships of tliat Magnuude ; iniomuch that he arrived not at St. Helcn\ until the twentieth of Stptembevy and then received Orders to come with the great Ships to the 'Downsy xhcDutch be- ing already gone to Sfithead, after they had paid the Complement ot a Salute, a thing which is ufual at the end of an Expedition. This Year's Service at home ending thus, I retnrn to the Squa- dron lent to the JFejt-lndhs under the Command of Vice Admiral Benbowt and Ihall give a particular Account of Affairs in thole Parts before I enter on any thing which happened in the ChaPil, or clfc- whcre, that fo the lame may apppar at one View. I70I. Arrhet at thi IJle of St. Maiy'j. Meafures ta- ken for Intel- ligence. Chap. V. Conta'm'mg an Account of Vtce-Adm'tral Benbow'i Pro- ceedittgi in the Weft-Indies (and particularly his en- gaging a Squadron of French Ships in tho/e Parts) till the time of his Death, when the Command devolved on Rear-Admiral Whetftone. Vice- Admiral Benbow parted with Sir George Rooke off of Scilly the fecond of September., and had then with him not only his own proper Squadron, but the other Engl'ifh and Tiutch Ships before- mentioned, which were detached to fee him part of his way ; but from the third to the ninth it blew extreme hard, which occafioned the Lois of many Sails and Top-mafts. On the twenty eighth he made St. Mary\ (one of t\it Azores, Terceras, or Weftern Iflands) when calling the Flag Officers and Captains on board, he communicated to chem his InftrudioDS, who thereupon came to a Rcfolucion to cruiie between the Lati- tudes of 36'*, 30*", and 3f'', 30", about twenty Leagues Weft- ward of the laid Ifland , and not to go Eaftward of it un- til they could get better Intelligence, for procuring whereof he fcnt a Frigate to St. Michael's^ and the 'Dutch detached two of theirs to St. Marys. Ours brought an Account that the Tortu- guefe were under great Apprehenfions of a War , and that they daily expeded their Brazil Fleet at the Tercera's. The Captains of ihcl)utch Frigates (which returned the fourth of OifoberJ re- lated, that on the twenty eighth of Augufiy O. S. there pafs'd by St. Mary's thirty two Ships, part of them the Sfan'tfh Flota, and the reft French Ships of War, with a Rear-Admiral, whereupon the Flag-Officers were confulted; but fince they could not give entire Credit to the Report , it was agreed to ftand as far Wcftward as s Flores CiAP.V. from the Tear i6S^, to 1^12. 5^ i , , ■* — . — . -. floret and Corvo, with the firft Opportunity of an Eaftcrly Wind, and to cruifc between the Latitudes of 37 and 3j Degrees. On the fifth they made faiJ, and continued fo until the tenth, Rhcn the Beer in thofe Ships which were with Sir John Munden sir joim being in a great raeafure expended, the Vice- Admiral gave him Or- ^'""''en jcrs to make the beft of his way 10 England, and proceeded him- fir^ij Iclfwith his proper Squadron towards xhc IVeJt Indies j which be- ii<-"i)u>v, ing compofed of two Third Rates, and eight Fourths, he arrived ftith them at Barbadoes the third of November, having not met who arrivtt anything remarkable in his Paflfj^e; and here he left a Fourth "' "'''"'"' Rate to follow the Governor's Orders till another arrived irom a;i U'^Atld. Coming to Mart'tnica the eighth of the next Month, after he ^^^^tinlca. had ran down fairly in view of all the French Fortifications, and Ports, where were feveral Merchant Ships, but no Men of War, he found them under great Apprehenfions of a Rupture, and that they were bufying themlelves in fortifying the Ifland, whereon (as was reported) they had three thouland Whites, and daily expeiAcd a Squadron from France. The next Day he came to an Anchor in Prince Rupert'^ Bay, where he fiippiied himfelf with Water, and other RefreOiments. It is on the N. W. End of Dominica , which is inhabited chiefly by Mmnsj who (by reafon of their Neighbourhood to and Intercourlc with the French Iflands on each fide of them) generally fpeak that Language ; and as they were very friendly to our People , fo was the like Civility Ihewn to them. ThcVice- Admiral arriving atiVi?x;/\r,found thtLeeward\{\9.wAs in fo ^^ Benbow pd a Condition as not to want any immediate Afi!l(lance from him ; tows to ja- lo that he left them, and proceeding to Jamaica, arrived there the •"*'"• fifth oi 'December, and anchor'd in Tort Royal Harbour, where he found two of our Ships, the one a Fifth, and the other a Sixth Rate. The Inhabitants of this Ifland expcdtingWar, were provid- ing the bed they could for their Defence ; and about twenty Days before Mr. Benbow arrived, there were feen off of Cape Si.Antony^ OQ the Weft End of Cuba, five French Ships ; but there being no certain News of the Flota from the Havana, he hired a Sloop, and fent her to difcover whether they were ftill there. Within few Days he had notice from a Spanijh Sloop that the r/>< Spanidi %j were at La Vera Cruz, the Mony ready to be put on board, y "^ * ^^^ and that twelve French Ships of War lay at the Havana re? Jy to convoy them home ; aid in January he was informed that this Squadron was augmented lo fixteen ; that Monfieur Cotlongon was made Captain-General, and Commander in Chief of the Spanijh Maritime Forces in thofe Parts, and that the Flota was daily ex- pe(2ed at the Havana. Towards the latter end of January Brigadier-General Selwyn ar- no,. rived at his Government of Jamaica, and with him one Fourth, ^^nTrlilfi^ one Fifth, and one Sixth Rate, a Bomb-Vcffcl, a Hulk, a Firefliip, at Jamaica, and three VcfTcls with Naval Ordnance Stores. By thele Ships the ViceAdmiral had Advice that a French Squadron arrived at Mar- tinica 592 NavalTranfaiHonsofthcV.ngVifh, BookV. B Ci I'rcnch Squa- dron at Mar- linicj. n.nbxJocs a- l.lrmtil. Mo»fie:irChi- tcui Kcn.uilt tn the Gulfh c/ Logane. Governor Sel- wytMiies.miich hK-.iiitid. Rear- Admi- ral Whet- flone joins ^/r. Benbow. 1701. Advice of a Krcnch Squa- dron, tinica about two Months before, and that they wore confldcrably ftrongcr than ours, which nut the Governor and Council of /j. niaica under fuch ApprchenHons, that they provided, at their own Expcncc, two Firclhips for the better Safety of the Ifland. The beginning of March the Vice- Admiral was informed that Monficur Cotlon^on (who commanded the French Sauadron at the Havana) had joined Monfieur Chateau Renault ar Martinka, and that they were put to Sea. This alarmed Barhadocsy (lor there they had alio notice of ir) and the more lb, becauic wc had nothing in thole Parts (elpccially of Sea-Force) which could oppolc the French. Not long after this there was Intclligci.ce that the French Squa- dron had been Iccn off of the S.W, End oiTorto Ricn, the latter End oi February, in Number forty Sail, with three Flags; butfincc it could not be entirely depended on, a Sloop was lent up the South, and down the North fide of Hi/paniola, to look into all the Bays and Harbours. This Vcflcl proceeded as high as 'Vorto Rico, and round the Ifland oi Uifpaniola^ and looked particularly in at Sa- Plana, but (leering along the Shore off of Logane, a large Ship gj. Ving her chafe, forced licr to Leeward. The next Day, near 'Petit- Ctiavas, flic met wit!i ^French Sloop, and learnt from her that Monficur Chateau Renault was then in the Gulph of Logaue with thirty Ships of War, and that he had Ibme time before lent ten of the biggclt Ships home : But though their Strength was indeed con- fiderablc in thole Parts, yet did it not amount to what was report- ed of them. The beginning a'i April Governor Sel^yn died, who was dcfcr- vedly very much cftccmcd by the Inhabitants of 'Jamaica ; for du- ring the little time he had been there, he flicw'd great Care and Zeal for the Good and Defence of the Idaud, infomuch that his Lois occafion'd a general Grief. Although there was at this time a great want of Men in the Squadron, yet the Vice- Admiral determined (fince he had no farther Account of the French) to lail the beginning of May between y^- maica and ^Tetit Gnavas, not only for the Prefervation of the Health of thoib he had, but to inform himlcif of Affairs in thole Parts, having not yet received Advice from England whether there was Peace or War. Accordingly he failed from Jamaica the eighth of May, but before he got clear of the Ifland he met with Rear- Admiral JVhetjlone, with whom he returned, to communicate to the Government fome Orders received from England, having firft fent the Falmouth, Ruby, and Experiment to cruife off o( Tetit- Guavas. He had Advice about the middle of May, that on the fcven- teenth of the preceding Month there pafl"cd by Comanagotta, on Terra Firma, leventccn tall Ships, which (leered towards the Well End of Cuba. Thefc Ships he judged to be part of Mon- fieur Chateau Renault's Squadron, and that they were bound to the Havana to offer their Service for convoying home ihcFiota ; but he had not Strength to follow them, without fubjedting the , Ifland Ifland to he could Some Rt.ir- Admi- ral VVhet- floiie ft at in ijiiill of Mdtt- iienrViw Cafj. iTBoo^. I Chap.V. from the Tear i6s %, to 1712. $^3 lHaud to the Infults of thofc Ships which (by the bed Iiitclligcacc he could gain) were at Logane. Some little time after the Madcr of a Spanljh Sloop from Cuba acquainted him that Monfteur Chateau Renault was at the oihtrAdvin. Jhvana, with twenty fix Ships of War, waiting for the Flota from Li Vera Cruz, and this was confirmed by the Ships he had lent cut, which in their Tour in thofe Parts had taken four Prizes, one ot them a Ship mounted with 14 Guns, but capable of carrying 40. The Vice- Admiral being likewilc informed by a Sloop from ^Pe- titGuavas that four Ships with Proviftons were bound from thence to the Havana, he lent three Frigates to intercept them between Cape St. Nicholas and Cape Mayzc, the very Track lead- ing thither, (for now he had Advice of the Rupture) but they had not the wilhed-for Succcls. The lame Day he detached Rcar-Ad- niiral JVhctJtoue (for Captain Martin, who was Vice- Admiral of the Squadron, died foon after his coming to Jamaica) with two Third Rates, three Fourths, and a Firelhip, to intercept Monficur "Dn Pi ^"fi-' ^^^ ^^^' ^^^"^^ ^^'*s expcdtcd at 'Port Louis, at the Weft End ill aiHi/paniola, a little within the Iflc oi jijh, with four Ships of War, to Icttlc the Ajjiento at Carthagena, and to deftroy the Trade of the Euglijh and 'Dtttch for Negroes, rclblving to fail hirafelf in five or fix Days with the Remainder of the Squadron iu Icarch of Mi French, left the Rear- Admiral fliould mils them. The eleventh Day of July he failed from Tort Royal with two Third Rates, fix Fourths, one Firelhip, a Botnb-Vcflcl, a Tender^ and a Sloop, with dcfign to join the Rear- Admiral ; but three Days after meeting Intelligence by the Colchejier and Tendennis that Monficur tD« Cafs was expeded at Logane, he plied up for that Port. Comipg into the Gulf of Logane the twenty feventh, he faw fe- veral Ships at Anchor near the Town, one of which being under fail was taken by the Vice Admiral's own Boat. The Men inform- ed him that there were five or fix Merchant Ships at Logane, and that another Ship in view vt^as a Man of War capable of carrying fo Guns, but that Ihc had then no more than 30 mounted. This Ship he purlued, and prefs'd her fo dole, that when there was uo farther hopes of efcaping, her Captain ran her on fliore, where fhe blew up. He lay as near the Land as conveniently he could all Night, and coming before the Town in the Morning, found that all the Ships were (ailed, except one of 18 Guns, in order to fe- cure thcmlelves in a Harbour called the Cue : However, fomc of our Frigates which were between them and home took three, and funk another. That Ship with 18 Guns was hauled on (hore under a Fortificaciou whereon was mounted ix, but yet the Boats which were fcnt in burnt her on the Ground, and brought oiT Ibme others with Wines, Brandy, Sff. The twenty ninth he came before TetitGuavas, but there being no Ships at that Port, he went not in. There were indeed three or four in a Harbour which lies much within the Land, btit Hnce it was ftrongly fortified, as well by Nature a$ by Art, he thought ic G g g g not Vitt-Admirtt Denbow gtet in qitfl of M.»fitur Da Cafs, at Lo- gane. A French ship bltwrt up. French shirs taken. PtopU at Pe- tit-Guavas fnrprit,€d. i 11" f: >; i I ■ ill ^' i 5^4 hlaviilTriWj(tdionsofihc\'n^\'\{)[\^ BookV. not convenient to run i'o grcu a H i/aril Jnr lo linill a Matter, but continuing i» the Ihy until the lecoml o\i /In^iijl , ftrctchcd from one end of the inhabited part ihtreof to the otlicr, thrrcby ta- tij;uin;4 the I'copic, who were apprchenfive that he would land, which his Circumfluucs would by no imans pcniiir him to do. Some little time aHer he arrived in a IJay at Cape 'Donna Maria on the Wed Knd of Hijpaniola, a very convenient Place JorWarer^ from whence he lent the Co/c/jejfer to criiile on the North, and the Experimvnt and 'PeiuUnuis oi'. the Eafl tml of 'fatmtua . And being informed that Monfieur 7J« Gv/r was ^mic to Cartbageita^ and tound from thence to 'Porto Hello, he reililvcd to (ail to that Coaft with two Thirds and four Fourth Rates R ear- Admiral /^/;f^ Jlonc (who had taken a French Ship of War of i8 Guns, ami two Sloops in hisCruilb) being now ^t'Janiaka, with neceflary Orders for the Security of that Kland. Mr ncnhnw The tenth Day of /iHguJl he failed from Cape 'Donna Maria, and /;(//jy,(/»«f:j» (^retching over towards the Coall ^)i Santa Mart ha ^ he, on the !^u'w;SaMi!l "'""^^"'^'^ ill the Evening, dilcovcred ten Sail near that Place. Mmiii. Standing towards them, he loon found the greatcft part v/ctc French •""' Ships of War, whereupon making the uliial Signal tor a Line of Uat- virlTvt'en'h ''^l' ^^ ^^^°' ^^^*y ^^'^'^ *" "'/ ^'*''» ^'^^^ *° '^'^ ftcrnmoft Ships if'ifi. might come up and join him, the French fleering Wcflward along Shore, under their Top lails. They were four Ships from 60 to 70 Guns, with one grcM'Dutcb built Ship of about 30 or 40, and there was another full of Soldiers; the reft Imali ones, and a Sloop. Our Frigates aftern were a long while coming up, and the Night advancing, the Admiral ftccr'd a- long fide of tnc FrfWf ^, but although he cndcavour'd to near them, yet he intended not to make any Attack until the Tiefiance was Our Ship, en- gotten abrcaft of the headmoft. Before he could reach that Station fst «*« the Falmouth (which was in the Rear^ attempted the ®«rf/; Ship, ''"'"''' the IVindfor the Ship abreaft of her, as -lid alio the "Defiance ; and **' foon after the Admiral himlelf was cngag».u, having firft received the fomt M not Fire of the Ship which was oppofitc to him ; but the Defiance and thur Duty, ff^ind/or flood uo mote than two or three Broadfides e'er they luft out of Gun-ihot, inlbmuch that the two (lernmoft Ships of the £• nemy lay upon the Admiral, and gauled him very much ; nor did the Ships in the Rear come up to his AHiftance with that Diligence which might have been cxpeded. From four a Clock until Night the Fight continued, and though they then left off firing, yet the Mr ncnbow Admiral kept them Company ; and being of opinion that it might to iittit fur- be better for the Service if he made a new Line of Battel, and led %'pZ,, himfelf on all Tacks, he did fo, but all to little purpofe, although the Enemy feemed rather to decline than renew the Engagement. The twentieth, at break of Day, he found himlelf very near the French Ships, but that there were not any more of his Squadron up with him than the Rnby^ the reft being three, four, and five Miles aftern ; and it was Ibmewhat lurprizing that the French, when they had the Flag himlelf within their Reach, were fo good natur'd as not to fire one Gun on him. At Two in the Afternooo they i drew ■p irtcl) thcT Cinraiiis "'"■'"''-■ "'»'' ..c OU..CC of Powder ;:::',:;;,. Im vidur. h, BookV. I Chap.V. froM thcTcar 1^98, f wholly at tlic Vice Admiral's Ship, galled her Uiugiiv, and dil- ^^''''''^ '," mounted two or three of her lower 1 ire of Gun'^, though at the vwai. iiiTic time they edged away, and wetc within two Hours out of reach. The twenty fecond in the Morning, at Day light, the Grcctrui'/cb was about three Leagues aHern, thou,;h the Signal for a Line of Bat- tel was never taken in ; but all rhe other Ships, except the R//6yt were nearer, and the French almcft a Mile and a half ahead. Ac Three in the Afternoon the Wind, which was before Eaftcrly, changed to rhe S. W and gave the Kncmy the Advantage of the Weather Gage ; but the Vic.' Admiral, by tacking, fetched within Guii-lliot of the flcrnmoft of their Ships, w hen each of them fired at the other. Our Line was now much out of order, jbmc of the ''j'' En?!;(li Ships being at leall three Miles aftcrn ; notwithlLmding which rhe o,fJr!i','r'"''' French appeared to be very unealv, for they did often, and very confulcdly too, alter their Courle Between the Weft and North. Next Morning they were about fix Miles abed, and the great 'Bittch Shipftood away at a confiderable Diftance from them, when Ibrac of our Squadron (particularly the ^Di fiance and IV'indJor) were four Miles aftern of the Flag ; but the French racking about ten a Clock, with the Wind at E^ N. E. the Vice- Admiral fetched within point blank Shot of two of them, and each gave the other his Broadfidc. The Rttby^ by reafon of her Defeds, was fent to 'Jamaica to re- rh, Ruby fit, and the reft of the Ships now mending their pace, they \^'crc/|"^^^'^''J''- all fairly up with the Vice Admiral about Eight at Night, the Ene- my being thca near two Miles off There was now a Prolped of G g g g z doing 5^^ NavalTranfaBiomoftheEngliih, BookV. yi Some oj the Engllfh Caf- tatiii do not do thtirD:iiy French tear down on our bLamefiilBc hAvioiir of Jcvie oj lie t-nglilh cm; tarn.'. doing fbmc Service, and Mr. Bcnbow himfclf made the bed of his way after them, but all the Ships of his Squadron, except the Fal- mouth, fell much aftcrn again. At Twelve the French began to le- parare, and he ftccring after the flcrnmoft, came lb near her at Two in the Morning, that he fired hii Droadfidc, and round and partridge Shot from his upper Tire of Guns, which the French Ship returned very briskly, and about rhrce a Clock the Admiral's right Leg was ji/r.Beni)o\vj unhappily broken by a Chain Ihot. The Skirraiih continued until rishtLc^bro- j^. ^^,^^ jj^^ jj^,,^^ ^^j^,.,j ^i^^.^^ ^^.^^ difcovcrcd a Ship of about 70 • Guns with licr Main :'-d Korc-rop-fail Yard dilabled, and her fides very much torn by our double- headed Shot. The Falmouth afllftcd well in this Adion, but no other Ship, and no iboncr was it Day than the French came towards our Squadron with a llrong Squall of an Eillcrly Wind. At this time the •Tcndenms, iriudfiy, and Greerrji'ich ftood ahead of the Enemy to\va;ds the Vice Admiral, and bore to Leeward of the dilabled Ship bctbremenrioncd, but paf- fed by her, after firing their Broadfides, and ftood Soi-thward, w ith- out any regard to the Line of Battel. The T)c^dnce roliowcd them, and running alio to Leeward of the laid diLiblcd '^hip, fired ibmc of her Guns; but when there had been no more than ta(.;iry rc- turn'd, her Commander put her Helm a < itr.cr, bore a\v.iy before the Wind, lower'd both her Top- fa lis, and ran down towards the Falmouth, which was even then above Gun Ihot to the Leeward oi the Admiral. The Enemy feeing thcfc Ships ftretch away Southward, cxpcflcd that they would tack and ftand with them, for which rcalbn they brought to with their Heads Northward, at about two Miles di- ftancc, the Vice- Admiral being wirhin Half-Guu-lhot of the dilabled Ship ; but the French perceiving that thole three Ships did not tack, as they had rcilbn to think they would have done, they bore down upon our Flag, and running between him and their iliattercd Ship, gave him all the Fire they could; nor was there at this titrte any of his Ships near him, for they were in a hurry, and fiicwcd as little regard to Difcipline as they did to their own Honour. The Captain to the Admiral fired two Guns at thole Ships ahead, to put them in mind of their Duty, but the French feeing the great Dif- order they were in, brought to, and lay by their dilabled Ship, rc- mann'd her, and took her in a tow. When the Vice- Admiral's tattcr'd Rigging was repaired, Orders were given' to chafe the Enemy, who were at leaft three Miles to Leeward, fleering N. E. the Wind at S. S. W. but our Ships conti- nued to run to and fro very confiifcdly. The Flag b.ing under great Uneafincis at fiich fcandalous Proceedings, commanded the Captain of the ^Defiance on board of him, who, in a very odd manner, en- deavoured to diffuade him from renewing the Engagcmenr, fincc he had (as he alledged) tried the Enemy's Strength fix Days together with fb ill Succefs : And the other Captains being likcwiic called, ^ ^^ moft of them were of opinion that it was not adviicable to conti- "nnl-ju the Duc the Fight, although they were at this very rime on the Enemy's tiiht. Broadfides, with the faircft Opportunity of Succcis that had yet of- fer 'd : Ihe Englifli Captains of ifli, BookV. H ChapV. fromtheTear\6^%, to 1112, 597 fcr'cl : Bcfidcs, our Strength was one Ship of 70 Guns, one of 64^ one of 60, and three of 50, their Mafts, Yards, and all things elic, ju as good a Condition as could be cxpedteil, and not above eight Men killed, except rholc in the Vict- Admiral's own Ship; nor was there any want ol Ammunition; whereas rhe Enemy had no more than four Ships from 60 to 70 Guns, and one oi them in a tow. by rca(oi) of her being dilabicd in her Mails and Rigging. The Vice- '■■f^ ■'«>,,/ Admiral finding himlclf un.lcr thdc Djiappoinrmeuts, thought it l'J",'','',^'j'j' high time to return tr 'Jarnaka, where he loon after joined the mai.a. rcil of his Squadroii with Rcjr-Adniiral IVhetJiniie. Thcle French Ships with Monficur ©rt Cajs carried from the a:i Acuunt QrQr.ie the Duke oi Albuquerque , with a confidcrable Number of '/ /^'^/"''■^"'^'' Soldiers, who was lent from his Employment of Vite-Roy o'i An- ''""'•'•""'• diikfia to rcHdc in that Qiiality in Mexico, and part of them were the very lame which got into the Groyne, when iome of our Ships «cfc cruifing in thole I'arts under the Commaiid of Sir John Mun- kn to intercept them, of which I thai! give a particular Account, when I can enter tr.creon without entangling it with this Tranfa«fti- OD in the Wcft-liidies. This French Squadron , which at firft was compoled of eight Ships of War, and fourteen Tranfports, touching at Torto Rico, lup- plicd themfelves with Wood and Water, and afrer three Days (lay proceeding Weft ward, they Icparatcd off of the Eaft End oi Hi/pa- niola, which was about the tenth o\ Augnft\ the Vice Roy running down the Noith fide thereof for La Vera Cruz with two of the Men of War, one of 70, and the other of 60 Guns ; Monfieur T)h Cifs with the other fix, and three Tranfports, bent his Courfc along the South fide, with five hundred Spanijh Soldiers, and ftopp'd at ^I'Domingo; but making little or no ftay there, failed tor Rio de UHacha, where he lay not above two Hours, but leaving two Ships of War, one of 50, and the other of 40 Guns, to fettle the Af- Jiciito for Negroes, fleered towards Carthagetia and Torto Bella to laud his Forces. The twentieth of September the Tork and Norwich arrived at Jamaica, bringing a necefi^ary Supply of Stores and Provifions ; and as foou as the Vice-Admiral could have Matters got in Readi- uds for trying at a Court-Martial thofe Captains who had lo ijan- daloufly failed in the Performance of their Duty, he ordered Rear- Admiral fVhetjlone to examine thoroughly thereinto, chufing rather foto do, (though he had not Authority to delegate his Power to acothcr) than to fit as Prefident of the Court himicif ; and after ic- vcral Days were Ipent in examining Witncffes, and hearing wiiat the Priloners could i.I!cdge in their own Juftification, the Captains of the 'Defiance and Greew^'ich received Senrence of Death, which was ^^,^^ ^^ ^^^^ not put in Execution until they arrived in the Brijiol at Tlimonth, Vx.\M\\ cap- aboard which Ship they were Ihot ; for the Orders fent from hence '•''" '■""■"■ did not come timely to Jamaica. The Captain of the JVimifor ' \vas calhicred, and fentenccd to be impriloncd tluring her Majefty's PIcaliirc ; he who commanded ihcTcndtnnis died before the Trial, othcrwiic he would, iu all Probability, have received the lame Sen- tence ■1/ ;,) Dc.t:h. 5^8 NavalTranfaElionsofthe'En'^Mih, BookV. Obftrvauon of Mr. Bcn- bow'i Con- duil. Vict-Admiral Benbow dits, and Ca(it. VVhet- Itoiie' com- mands the Squadron. 170-;-. A Tire at Pott Royal. tcncc as thofe of the T^efiance and Greenwich; and the Vice Ad- miral's own Captain, with the Commander ol the Falmontb were fufpended, for Signing to the Paper drawn up and delivered by the others, wherein they gave their Rcafons for not renewing the En- gagement; but he having rcprcfented that thofe two Gentlemen had behaved thcmfclves very well in the Adion, the Lord High-Adiui- ral was pleafed to fend Orders for their bci.ig employed again. As I have forborn mentioning the Names ot thole two unhappy Gentlemen who differed, (one of whom on other Occafions had diftiuguiflied himlelf) more for the Sake of their Relations than any other Confidcration, lb thus much may be obfcrved as to Vice-Ad- miral Benbow % Condudt; that although he was a good Seaman, and a gallant Man, and that he was qualified, in moft relpeds, to com- mand a Squadron, ci'pccially in the IVeJi Ivdiesy in which Parts of the World he had had long Experience, yet when he found his Cap. tains fo very rcmils in the Performance of their Duty, I think, he ought, in point of Difcretion, to have Ijmmoned them, (and even that at firft) on board his own Ship, and there confined them, and placed their firft Lieutenants in their Rooms, who would have fought well, were it for no other Realbn than the Hopes of being continued in thole Commands had they liirvived. The fourth oi November the Vice- Admiral died, the Pain which he laboured under, and his Uneafinefs for other Misfortunes, havine; for fbrae time before thrown him into a deep Melancholy, Jo that the Command of the Squadron fell on Captam irhctjione^ who had aded before as Rear- Admiral. He made what Difpatch he could in putting the Ships into a Condition for the Sea, and then leaving Part of them for Security of the Ifland, he cruifed with the Re- mainder upon the North and South Sides of HifpaiitGla, but could not get any other News of the Enemy, than that Monficur dti Cafs with eight Ships of War had been ibr Ibme time at the Ha- vana. I cannot here pafs over a melancholy Accident ; which is this. On the ninth of February a Fire broke out in the Town of Tort- Royaly on the Ifland oijamaicay which between Noon, and twelve at Night, laid the whole Place in Afhes; for little or nothing efca- ped the Fury of the Flames but the two Fortifications. Several of the Inhabitants were burnt, the major Part of their Scores and Goods deftroyed, and what was laved was by the Induflry of the Seamen. The Rear- Admiral feeing them in this deplorable Condition, put forth a Declaration, and, as he thereby promifcd, entertained, and relieved many of them on beard her Majefty's Ships, till fiich time as they eou'd be otherwilc provided for. The Beginning of February tjie Ship Gojport arrived ^t Jamaica from New- England with a linall Supply of Provifions, and when the Rear- Admiral had taken on board the Company of Soldiers which Governor 'Dudley had railed in that Colony, and fcnt by her, he difpatchcd her back to Bojion to follow the laid Governor's Or- ders. Chap. BookV. H Chap. VI. from thcTcnr k^^S, to 1712. 5>9 Wiir Chap. VI. Conta'ming an Account of Sir William WhetftoneV, Cap- WW Hovencien Walker's, and Fke- Admiral Gxil^^qw's Proceedings in the Weft- Indies. I Should indeed, according to Courfe of Time, have given you an Account, e'er now, of what happened nearer Home, and of ^11 George Rooke's Expedition, with a Fleet oi Fuglijh and 'Dutch Ships to Cadiz; bur, for my former Reafons, I will firft bring this Wejllttdia Squadron to Euglajid, and thole which were lent to join them. Let it therefore Ibffice, at prr'ent, that I acquaint you, Sir George Rookcy in his Return from CadiZy did (purfuant to Orders he received from her Majefty, dated the (eventh of June 1701) di- noi. reft Captain Hovenden IValker * of the Burford^ to proceed with £''' ^*°jf.* thai Ship, and five more Third Rates, together with ten Tranfports, tacha cap- V) Barl/adoeSf and there, or ii> Ibrac of the Leeward- IJlands, to »«»» Walker dilembark the four Regiments, amounting to near four thoufand ^lltu^th'' Meu, which were on board the laid Tranlports and the Men of War. Weft-lndie«. He was diredted to continue in thole Parts, and for the Defence of the Ifland of Jamaica^ till farther Orders ; and, for the better en- aWing him fo to do, to advife from time to time with the rcfpciStivc Governours of thole Iflands and Plantations. He lay off of Cape St. Vincent two Nights, and as many Days, taking in Provifions from the victualling Ships, and would have touched at Maderas for Water, had he not been prevented by hard Gales of Wind, which obliged him to bear away for the Cape de Me Iflands, where he arrived the twenty fourth oi O£iobery and tiimillied himfelf with Refrcflimcnts. Sailing from thence the four- teenth of the next Month, he firft reached Barbadoes^ and proceed- ed from thence the Beginning .of January towards the Leeward-' Ijliitds, purfuant to Orders which he received from England by the Edgar^ Anglefey^ and Sunderland^ which Ships brought with them Recruits of Land Forces, as well as Stores and Provifions for the Ships in thofe Parts, and the two firft were immediately dif ^ pitched by him to General Codrington, with liich Inftrudions and I Letters as they had carried for him from hence. While he lay at Barbadoes there came into the Road a French I'clFcl with a Flag of Truce, which he caufed to be feized, as were put of her Men alfo on Shore, who being tried at a Court Martial, one of them was condemned to die, for it plainly appeared that ^ French they came thither as Spies. The chief Oca.fion of this Refort oil^^^tt^t French VcfCcls to Barbadoes, was the CartH that Ifland had made docs. with Martinica for the Exchange of Prifoners, and by that means there were not only Opportunities found for carrying on a coUu- *A/ttrw»rds a Flag officir. five 6oo Naval TranfaBions of the Englifh, BookV. i:c- V'tct-AAiu'iral GrayJi'ii'i/w- firuclmns jor lommand.ni i n the VVcll- Indies. five Trade, but of giving the Enemy Intelligence of our Proceed- ings. Many Privateers were alfo fitted out from the Ifland, for which the Governraent took Men from the Merchant Ships, and lent many more from the Shore, infomuch that the Squadron want- ed the Service of them ; and indeed their Wants were very confi- derahic, lor the Diftcmpcrs incident to thofe Parts had fwcptaway grcnc Numbers. Tlicre arrived very luckily in BariadoesKozd fix of our Eajiln- din Siups, very richly loaden, and Mr. Walker confidering how ne- celfary it was that they fliould be fafely condudted Home as ibon as it was poffible, he, with the Advice of the Captains with him, a- greed ro fend the Expedition as their Convoy, a Third Rate Ship commanded by Captain Knopf y with whom they iafely came to England. The nineteenth oi January Vice- Admiral Graydont then of the White Squadron, was appointed Commander in Chief of the Ships in the JVeJl-lndies, and' had the following Inflrudtions for his Go- vernment in that Expedition, viz. Firft, To I'ail to Tlimouth in the Sheernefsy a Fifth Rate, and from thence to Barbadoes with her, the Refolution and Blackwall, the former a Third and the other a Fourth Rate. There he was to take under his Command the aforementioned Ships with Captain fFalkert and fiich others as he fiiould find at that Place ; but if they were failed from thence, to repair to Nevifj or any other of the Plantations where they might be met with, and thence to proceed in fuch manner as fliould be found mod for the Service, upon its be- ing confidered at a Council of War of the Sea Captains, and the Chief, and other proper Officers of the Land-Forces; and if he at- tempted any thing in the Leeward- IJlands that might occafioa his making any confiderable Stay there, he was to lend a Frigate to Rear- Admiral IVhetJlonet with Orders to get himfelf ready, in all reipeds, to fail againft his Arrival at Jamaica. Secondly, He was not to flay longer in attempting any of the French Plantations than the twentieth of May^ and then (or before, if pofiible,) to proceed with all the Ships of War, and the Tranf- port Ships with Soldiers, Ammunition, and Stores, and fuch Forces as the Commander in Chief of the Land Forces Ihould appoint, to Tort-Royal in Jamaica ; and this he was forthwith to do, if he found that Captain JValkery with the Ships and Troops, had done what they were able againft the faid French Plantations, and gone to Jamaica before he arrived. Thirdly, When he came to that Ifland he was to put the Ships of War, and other Ships and Veflfels, into the belt, andmollfpeedyCon- dition for their return Home ; to caule to be received on board them io ma ly Land-Soldiers as the Commander in Chief Ihould defire, and to bring alfo to England fuch Prilbners as Ihould be taken during the Expedition. Fourthly, He was to confider what two Ships of the Fourth Rare, one of the Fifth, and another of the Sixth, might be moft properly 1 lett BookV. ■ Chap.VI. from the Tear I 6S 9, toi"ii2. 6oi >ur Procccd- Ifland, for Ships, and ladron want- • very confi- fwcpt away our Eajfh. ring how nc- ae as foon as ivith him, a- rd Rate Ship fely came to then of the of the Ships for his Go- h Rate, and d Blackwally :re he was to with Captain ; but if they other of the c to proceed upon its bc- kins, and the and if he at- : occafiOQ his I a Frigate to ready, in all ig any of the en (or before, nd the Tranf- d iucb Forces d appoint, to to do, if he ips, lad done , and gone to t the Ships of [libcedyCon- >n Doard them ilddefire, and Len during the ; Fourth Rate, | moft properly | left ^ left at Jamaica^ and accordingly to leave them there, with the Firc- lliips provided by the Inhabitants for the Defence of the Ifland. Fifthly, Three other Ships he was to fend with the Trade bound from Jamaica to En'^land, as itjon, as they Ihould be ready to fail ; and he was ordered to leave two at the iixid iHand, to bring Home the latter Trade the Beginning o'i Aiiguji. Sixthly, Belidos thelc Detach incurs he was to lend two fourth Rates to Virginia, iu joyn fomc orjiers at that Place, and to ac- company the Trade from thence to England at the Time prefixed tor their Depart urc. Seventhly, This being done, he was with the reft of the Squa- (Ifon, and all the Tranlport Ships with Soldier^, Viduallers, Storc- iliips, and other;;, to make rhc beft of his way to Me'-jufoiindland but to !'vMVc at Jamaica the Huik and Stores tor the ulcot iUch Ships asraighr he fcnt thither. Ei4hrlily, when he cxmcto Newfnutidlandhc: was to confi Jcr at a Council ol War, ofScaaiidl.andOdiccrs, how the /'Vrwi/; might be beft attempted and dcftioj cd ar 'Flaievtia^ with the Afllftancc ol the Land Forcc-S as well a?; at thtir otiicr Scttlonenrs in thole Parf^, and to gO"cra himrcifaccorviingiv; and it he f-imd that any of the Ships could be con- vcnicnrly Ipaicd to atf.xk fh«- h'f\:;ich KHlicry on the Dauk., he was to lend them on that Service. Vam he was ycr farther enjoined to \i^i\xKo Bojion in :\e\z) l.ng!a::d^ if lie judged, v.'ien he failed from Jamaica^ he Ihouid be roo early nt i\e%"foi,ndlu: J, aad to take from that Government inch Soldiers as it mighc be able to furnilh, provi- ded they could get Eiuljarkatinns timely ready, not only to trauf- pt rhc fiiid Soldiers to Xe-jufoundlaid, bur back again. N'intlily, When he had done his utnoft at Ncwfottndlaud^ and on the Bauky he wai to appoint two Ships ro convoy the Fifliing Vclfeli bound toVortugal, but to caurion their Captains nor to go ii'to any Porr, until they were thoroughly lati' fi d tlic-c was not a Rup- ture with that Crown ; and having given thelc ncceflary Orders, he was to repair to iE^«^/d«^ wirh the rcit of the Squadron without Delay. NotwithftauLhng Vice- Admiral Graydon was at firft orvlercd to proceed from hence with only the Refolation, Black'-^'all, and Sheer- nefs, (the latter wht-reof proved not fit for the Voyage) it was af- terwards thought advifeablc to appoint the Motititague and Notifuch, of()0 and f o Guns, then at 'Plimonth, to accompany him one hun- dred and fifty Leagues into the Sea, which they did accordingly, and parted not till the twenty fixth of March^ in the Latitude of 4j ', about one hundred and Icventy Leagues Weft from the Lizard ^ but on the eighteenth of that Month, in the Latitude of 47' and 30", they faw f )ur French Ships of War to Leeward, two of about 60 Gups each, tme of 5-0, and the other 40, which latter being not Jue^fJ!"^*' only the linalleft, but the fternmoft, the TV/oaw/^at^a^ commanded by xvithaVtmzh Captain ^Ftiliam CJcaveland *., bore down to, and foon after enga- ship. gcd iier. H.reupou the Vice- Admiral made the Signal tor a Line of iiittel, a id conlequcntly tor the Mount ague's coming offi but her Foretop Sail being Ihot in pieces the Iccond Broadfide the received % * S/»« d Ci/mptiitiner of the Navy. Hhhh from and Tor whalRea- font. 602 Naz^alTranfaElw77softheEng\iihy BookV. from the Enemy, ftic could not tack fo foon as otherwifc might have been cxpedlcd, infomuch that the other three French Ships wore and bearing down to the Ship that had been engaged, each of thcia fired her Broadfidc at the Mounta^ue ; bur flic being to Windward, and the Sea running high, as the French generally fire, in H( pc, of wounding Marts, Yards, or Rigging, all their Shot flew over her, fo that Inc received not any conliderable Damage. The Ftemi Ships (which now made the beft of tl.eir W:^y from ours) were foul for they were part of the Squadron under Command of Monficur du Caffe, with which Vice- Admiral Benhw engaged in the ff'eff. Indies; and (as 'twas reported) were very rich. Confidcring what Strength Vice-Admiral Graydon had with him it occafioned many Reflcdbions, not only upon the Score of the Mountague's bearing down fingly, but his not endeavouring to en- gage the Enemy hiiufelf ; wherefore I think ir neceflary to inform you, that when it was defigned he Ihould proceed with the Rtfo. Itition and Blackmail or)\y, he had pofitive Orders from his Re J Highnefs the Prince ofDenmarky Lord High- Admiral, not to ,nter- IV. ^dmlrai yypj j^jg PaflTuge by chafing or ipeaking wuh any Ships whate\ or, lie'rZ not 7o HOT cvcu to hoift his Flag till fuch time as he joined the Squadron iil thaje, the IVeJl-Indiest or a coufiderablc i;irt thercot; and thcfe Orders. were not contradidcd when the other two Ships were appointed to accompany him into the Sea. It is iikewiCe to be confidcred, that he carried with him the immediate Oiucrs by which the whole IVeft- India Squadron, and the Forces were to move, as alfo the nccc/Ta- ry Supplies of Stores and Provifions, in Tranfport Ships taken up for that Purpole ; wherefore although the Booty might have been very confiderablc had x\\Qk French Ships been ':aken, yet, on the other hand, had he engaged, and been unluckily diiabled, and, for that Reafon, forced back to England to refit, the Service whereon he was going mitht have been very much hinder'd, if not wholly difappointed : Befidcs, had he taken thcfe Ships of rhe Enemy's, he muft have come to Erglcnd with them, for otherwiie he could not have fecured the Prifoners, and have put them in a failing Condition ; and had he chafed them any confiderablc time before he came up with them, (which m all Probability he muft have done) his Con- voys would have been expofcd to rhe laft Degree, for it was alto- gether impoHlble for them to have kept him Company. Before any farther Account came of him, or from Captain Walker of his Proceedings in the Leeward Ijlandsy a Letter was received from Rear- Admiral /rAfif//tf«f, who (as I have already faid) was at the Head of the Ships in the IVeJilndiesy which Letter was dated from Jamaica the fourteenth of April. He failed from thence a- bout the middle of February^ and being informed, on the Coaft of iio.ie pti out Hifpaniola, that there was expeded in thofe Parts from France a I cr:ii/e. confidcrablc Fleet of Merchant Ships, he cruifed on both Sides of the Ifland in Hopes of meeting them. After he had unfuccelsfully Ipent five Weeks time on this Service, he looked into Port Louisj but not finding any thing there, flood away for Tetit-Guavas and Logane ; zwA knowing in Vice-Admiral Beubow's time, that when our '7'3 Rear-,1'lmi ,,,l V Met ^■' I ' ■ I Chap.VI. from the Tear \6^^, io 1712. ^03 our Ships appeared on the one Side, the Enemy made their Elcape t;om the other, he divided his Squadron, one part whereof he fenc South- ward, and proceeded himlclf Wcftu ard with the reft. When the firfl: Pirt of the Squadron came in Sight, three Privateers which were in every vclpcd ready for Service, flood away Northward, but the Rear- Admiral forcing two of them afliore, burnt them, apd the o- r,<<.,, .,„,/,/,. thcr he took. Caj^ain Vincent, who commanded to the Southward, /?- v ,;/./// rowed in the Nii^ht into a Place called the Luc, where he found tour ";'' ''•"">'' Ships, one of wliich he burnt, another he lunk, the third (which ^"^'' was a Contort of the Privateers aforementioned) he towed our, and boarding the fourth, Ihc was blown up by the accidental firing of a Granadoe Shell. From this Place the Rear- Admiral failed to Tort de Taix, but found no Shipping there, for the beforcmentioiied Privateers were all that the Enemy had in thofc Part.s, with which, and five hun- dred Men, they defigncd to have made an Attempt on rhe North Side of Jamaicay and in thelc Ships were taken one hundred and twenty Prilbiicrs. Captain IP'alkcr was from the third to the eighteenth of Febru- m in his Paffage from Barbadoes to Antcgout and when he arrived there, he found the Land-Forces had no Ammunition, and that un- Icfs he ftopt the Vidualling Ships bound to "Jamaicay there would not have been Provifions liifficient to have enabled them to make any Attempt. At the Defirc of Colonel Codrington, General of the brjuard-IJlarids, he fnpplicd the Forces with Powder, but it was co/./ Walker not a little liirprizing, that among the great Number of Flints they arrives at tin had on board, there were not, as he reprefcnted, fifty in a thoufand [,'i",ds"^'^ lit for Muskets ; nor was there any Provifion made of Mortars, Bombs, Pick-axes, Spades, or any thing indeed, proper and conve- nient for a Siege. He failed from Antegoa the latter End of Februaryy and the Squa- dron, as well as the Forces, being got together the ninth of the fol- lowing Month, in a Bay at the North End of Guada/u/e, a fmall Party of Men were put on fhore without any Oppofition, but came on board again when they had burnt fomc Plantations and Houfcs. Next Day he anchored in another Bay nearer the Town, and on the the twelfth of March, in the Morning, a confiderable Part of the Forces landed upon Guadalupe^ under Command of the General, our Troops who were lo warmly received hy the French, that Icveral of our '"■'"M'/*'^'" Officers and Men were killed and wou.ided ; but the Commadore *^"*''*'"p=- ordering one of the Ships, named the Qhkhcfter, to fire upon fomc Batteries the Enemy had between our Forces and the Town, they foon after quitted them, which out Men after they had got Footing, polTcficd therafclves of Next Day the reft of the Soldiers, and four hundred Seamen from the Ships were put on Ihore, and then the General made himfelf ^^'y '-""^ -«- Matter of the North Part of the Town, but the Enemy retired to a ^'""" Caftie and Fort, which commanded the moft Part thereof Some Cannon and proper Ammunition were put on ftiore the fif- teenth, in order to the laifing Batteries agaiuft the Fort and Caftlc, H h h h z which m\ Tie Trench Hv.r uf tie Cajlle an.i f.rt. 604 NavalTra?{pi6iionsofthe^ng^\\(h, BookV. which the Enemy kept Poircrtion of until the lecond ai/^pril; but then two of the Frigates being ordered ro ply their Guns upon them and their Line of Communication and Trenches; and the Caftic be- ing already much Ihattercd by our Battcrief, they blew it up the next Morning, together with their Fort, and retired into the Woods and- Mountauis, \\ here they looked on themlclvcs to be in greatell Safe ty; for'as they were inacceflibic for an Army, (b could not any thing oblige them to furrcndcr but want of Provifions. After this there was but very little done more than the fending out Parties to burn the Country, and to bring in Cattel, which were much wanted ; for all the while the Army was on Ihorc, which was two Months, they were liipplied with Provifions from the Ships, lb that the Men were at Ihort Allowance from the latter end of ^. fril. It was then that General Qodr'mgton returned to Nev'ts^ hav- ing been for fomc time very much indifpoicd ; and Icon after Co- lonel IVhctbatn (who was dangeroufly ill) took his Paffagc in the Biirford to Antegoa^ which Ship carried alfo thither three Compa- nics of Soldiers, and the Guns taken from the Enemy at Quada- lufe. Colonel Wills had now the Command of the Land- Forces on fliorc, and a Council of War being held of the Sea and Land- Officers, it was agreed that the Troops lliculd embark the levcnth of Alay, and accordingly they were all on board that Morning by three a Clock, the Retreat being made without the Lofs of a Man. The Enemy's Town was burnt to the Ground, all their Fortificati- ons demolilhed, and their Guns either brought off" or burft alhore: And confidering the Circumftances our Troops wcxc in, there was a NecelTity for retreating, the French having, fome Days before, conveyed about nine hundred Men from Martinica to 'Dominica^ and from thence to Guadalupe. In this Undertaking there was no AfTiftance to be got of Pilots, and the Road before Guadalupe was ib exceeding bad, that Icve- ral of the Ships loft their Anchors, for the Ground was foul, and the Water very deep, fo that one or other \\ as daily forced our to Sea : And never did any Troops entcrprizc a thing of this Nature with more Uncertainty, and under lb many Difficulties, for they had neither Guides, or any thing elfc which was neccfTary. The Forces being embarked, the Squ?.Hron pafs'd by Monferat the eighth of A/ay, and after lying by until the Soldiers allotted for that Ifland were put on Iho'r the Commadore arrived at Nevis that Night, and from thence leu. other Soldiers to St. CbriJ/o^her's. In this Adion there were Officers killed on our fide one Major, two Captains, fix Lieutenants, and wounded two Colonels, feven Cap- tains, and nine Lieutenants; and two Colonels, four Lieutenants, and three Enfigns died. One hundred a 'd ft Barbadoes. BookV. H Chap. VI. from the Tear 16^8, ta 1112. 60S 'yiprii', but i upon them, he Caaic be- up the next c Woods and- Sreatcll Safe uld not any I the fending , which were Ihorc, which )ra the Ships, cr end oi A- Nevis, hav- iou after Co- aflagc in the hrec Compa- ly at Quada- Land- Forces :a and Land- . the fevcnth Morning by )rs of a Man. :ir Fortificaci- burft aliiorc: in, there was D Q ays before, 'Lomittica^ ;ot of Pilots, d, that feve- /as foul, and breed out to f this Nature ies, for they ary. jy Monferat s allotted for i^ed at Nevif C/jr/pj>her's. e Major, two (even Cap- Lieutenants, soldiers were o died, fifty the Ifland of , and idiling arbadocs the lad lately l( ft Guaa'a- Guadalupe J and being informed by her Maftcr that the Seamen and Soldiers, with Captain 1Valker\ Squadron, were at half Allow- ance of Provifions, he applied himtcif to the Agent-Vidlualler, and being furnilhcd with what Beef, Pork, Bread, and Peale could be procuicd, he lailcd the icvciitcenth The twentieth he ran in (a dole with the Fort and Town of Guadalupe^ as that he had a plain fight of the Ruins, when rtretching away for Antegoa^ he met comu it ikt the Sloop which he had lent with Notice of his Arrival ; and com* Le'""'*'^- inginto Ne-v/s Road the twenty thiid, there he found the Squa- '"'^*" drou and Army in very great want of Provifions, which he fupplied ill the bell manner lie could, to enable them to accompany him to 'jmaica. Leaving A'i'f/.r the twenty fifth of May, and arriving zt Jamaica vict-Admi- rhelourrli of next Month, he ordered a Survey to be immedi.i' »•■«/ Grjydon taken of the Condition of all the Ships with him, which (gci .y m['J'j' " Ijjeaking) proved to be very dcfcdivc, not only in their H".!!5, but alio in their Marts, Stores, and Rigging, nor were they in a better Condit'on as to Men. There were no more Stores than what had been lent thither in a Brigantinc, and among them but five Suits of ^*' ^'"!" '? Sails, one for a Third Rate, two for a Fourth, one for a Fifth, and *,„". ^'" '' one for a Sixth ; and this was the more unfortunate, becaulc five of the Ships which Sir George Rooke fent with Captain PValker were not fitted for Service in the JVeftlndies, and conlcquently wanted much more than they could be furniflied with there. Thcfe Difficulties, as well as Miliinderftandings between him and feme of the chief Perfons of Jamaica, induced him to make all pof- liblc Dil'patch in putting the Squadron into a Condition of return- iog to England, purfuant to the InftrutSlions he had received ; and then leaving the Norwich, Experiment, Seahorfe, and Harman and Earl Gaily Firelhips, together with the St. Antonio^ and Reco- vtry Sloops, to attend on the Ifland, and the Colcbejier and Sun- iirland to convoy home the latter Trade, he failed the twenty firft oijtitie for Blewfields, the moft convenient Place for watering the Ships, and proceeding from thence, fell in with Cape P/w^, in ^' ""»*^ '" 'Newfoundland, the Iccond of Auguft. lanj'. °"" ' When he had got through the Gulf, it was agreed by himfelf and tlie General- Officers to lend away the Tryal Sloop for Intelligence to Captain Richards, who ccmraanded at St. John's in Newfound- kiid, and for Pilots for 'Placentia, as alfo to defire that he would come himfelf, not only to advife, and aflift, as an Engineer, but with fomc neceflary Stores, which though he readily complied with, yet could he not get on board until the twenty fccond of Auguft in St. Mary's Bay ; for on the fourth of that Month there came on a very great Fogg, which, to Admiration, continued thirty Dayb-, fo that it was difficult to difcern one Ship from another, infbmuch tha? it was found neceflary to lie by, fince they judged themfelves clear of the Land. Herein they were deceived by the Current, for they not only faw the Land about Ten at Night under their Lee, but found themfelves embayed, and the Ships, which had loft many Sails were not able to get out that Night ; befides, the 'Defiance, (a Ship of L 6o6 NavalTranfaEt'mis of the En^dilh, BookV. of 70 Guns) was without a Main-inaft, and therefore they put Jor, and with DifHculry got laic into a Harbour to Leeward cf them called St. Marys. But by realon of the Fog the Squadron was (b difpcricd that they joined not again until the third of September., and then a Council of War was tailed, where were prclcnt the Vice- Admiral himlcif, Rear-Admiral fVhetJlotie., and thirteen Sea-Captains ; and of the Land Officers, Colonel Riveri^ (who commanded in Chief) fix Captains, rnd an Engineer. They took into Confidcratlon her Ma- jefty's Inftrudtions to Brigadier-General CoUembine., (who died Ibmc time before) and thole from the Admiralty to Mr. Croydon, and finding the Ships in a very ill Condition as to their Hulls, Mafts, Sails, Handing and running Rigging, and Ground-Tackle ; that they wanted many Men, and that even thofc they had were very fickly and weak ; that they were at lliort Allowance of Provifions ; that the Soldiers, by drinking Water in fo cold a Climate, were not only bcnumm'd in their Limbs, but fubje(Stcd to Fluxes and Scurvies; that the five Regiments w ere reduced to one thoufand and thirty five Men ; that the five hundred Soldiers they fhould have had from Nciu- England were at firft but fcventy, and now no more than twenty five, and all cf them unfit for Service ; and that by the bcfl Accotjnts from TlacenUa., the Enemy were not only iupcrior in Number, and confcqucntly able to make a good RcfiHancc ; but that the Avenues to the Place were extremely dinicult, the Grounds Ipun- gy, and no Planks, or other Materials, for mounting the Guns on the Batteries. Thefc Difficulties and Obflrudlions being maturely confidered, together with the good Circumflances the Enemy were in, and the Affiflance they might have from the Privateers, and 0- ther Shipping then at 'Placentia^ the Council of War were unani- yfjwj not to moufly of opinion, that to make any Attempt on that Place with antmfi I'la- thc Ships and Forces at fuch a Seafon of the Year, was altogether ccntia, impradticablc, and that inftcad of any Probability of Succcfs, it might tend to thc Difhonour of her Majcfly's Arms. Next Day the Vice- Admiral fent five of his Ships to cruife ofTof Cape RacCf and failed fbon after to the Bay of Bulls to make up Tht vke-Aii- the Fleet ; which being done, he took his Departure for England mirai Uaxcs ji^j. fyveuty foutth oi SefteMbcr. hill ^ ' He met with very bad Weather in his PafTagc, infomuch that on thc fourth of OBober fix of the Ship's Main-fhrouds broke, and her Main-mafl being fprung, he was conflrained to bear away to favc it, which occafioned his feparating from the reft of the Fleet ; but joining Rear- Admiral fVhetJbne., and fix Sail more, on the four- nursitua^rcn tccnth, hc found them all in a mifcrable Condition ; and thc Boynct much difabuj. where he was himfeUi not only made fix Feet Water a Watch, but in their I'aj- ^^g much difablcd in her Rigging ; however hc and thc Rear- Ad- miral got fafe into the 'Do'wns thc twenty fecond of Oflober, and with them only thc Siromboli Firefhip ; for as he had, before hc left Ne'-j'foundlana, appointed the Canterbury, Bonadventure, and Sor- lings y to convoy the Filli- Ships to Tortngal, fo did he, when hc came near the Coaft of Ireland, order thc Refolut'tony Turmuth, Ed^ar, fa^c heme. Chap.VII. from theTear i6^^, to i-j 12. 601 r, and fV'tndfor, to condu(a the Tranfport Ships to that King- join, with what Officers and Men remained of the four Regi- ments. The other Ships of the S4uadron put in fomc at one Port, and ibinc at anotlier, and indeed it was the grcateft good Fortune, con- (iJcring their Condition, the Sealbn of the Year, and their Weak- jcls, as to Men, that they all arrived lafc in England. Thus ended an Expedition, wherein no inconfiderablc part of the Navy of Eng- kni was employed, and many of them from the lime that Vice- Admiral Benhow proceeded to the JVeftlndies^ which was in Ho- xmher 1698. 1 wilh I could, by liimming up the whole, make any tolerable o*/#rt/4/i»ii Comparifon between the Service this Squadron did the Nation, and *" '*' ^'f*' ihefxpcnce which attended it, and, which is far more valuable, wift-Udlei. [he Lives of many good Officers, Seamea, and Soldiers : But fince I have already given a full Account of all the Benefits which arofe \m this tedious Expedition, I fhall leave the Reader to judge, whether it could, in any Degree, turn to Account, to fuffer a ftroDg Squadron of Ships to lie fo long in the fVefi-lndiest with- out a real Profpedt of any conftderable Service from them, e^ci- illy when other neceffary occafions very often required their being much nearer home, and too often luffered for want of them. 'i. Chap. VII. tk Earl of Pembroke, Lord High-y^dmiraly fends a [mall Squadron to bring the Effects of the Englifh Mer^ chants from Cadiz , upon Sufpk'ton of a War : IVtth the then Naval Preparations of the French. 1 BEfore I proceed j'arther, fufTer me to inform you, that his Ma- E«ri «/ Pem- jefty revoking the Letters- Patents to the Lords CommifTioners •>'?•«<: '•^- 01 ihe Admiralty, appointed Thomas Earl oiTembroke and Mont-^^"^h-Admi- ^mery, Lord High Admiral of England and Ireland ^ and of all r*i. his foreign Plantations; a Perfbn who, beftdes the Honour which lie derives from his noble Anceftors, is Mafter of many extraordi- nary Virtues. His Lordfliip at the beginning; and towards the end cf the laft War, prefided at the Board of Admiralty, when it was in CommifTion, where, as well as in the Office of Privy Seal, hisTranl^ aftious as one of the Plenipotentiaries for the Treaty of Peace ztRyf' '^kk , and in that honourable Poft of Prefident of his Majefty's Council, (from which he was called to that of High-Admiral, and tj which he returned) he gave remarkable In(Unces of his Zea! to the Publick Service. No ^o8 NatalTranfdliom of the EngVifh, BookV. PimrrCenrjic tjnjiilnii I J.0,.1 Hlih- A.lmi>,tl, No fooncr did this noble Lord enter on his importjnt Tnift, than he dihgcntly applied himlclf to the Execution of ir, and in inch a manner as might moll conduce not only to the Good of rhe Nation in general, but to the Trade, both at home and abroad, in patti- cnlar, wherein he had the good Fortune to give a general Satisfac- tion; but he continued not a full Year in this Employment, for K\i)^ /f'lliiam dying, and Queen y/z/z/f liiccccding to the Throne her Majefty was pleated to conftitute to thac great and troublclomc Oflicc, her Royal Conlbrr, Priucc George of Denmark^ to alllll him wherein he was empower'd under the Great Seal to appoint iiich Perlbns as he judged moft proper to be his Council ; and on the Death of his Highncls, the Earl oi 'Pembroke (who had been lome time before Lord Lieutenant of the Kingdom of Ireland) was re- called to the Office of Lord High- Admiral, which he held not alto, gather lo long as he had done before ; for in Ids than twelve Months time it was put into Commifllon , his Lordfl)ip dcfiring to rcfii»n, forelccing inlupporrable Difficulties, by reaJbn not only of the grlat Arrear of W.igcs then due to the Seamen, but in many other Parti- culars. It being thought that a War would fuddenly break our, hi<: Lord- iliip conmler'd now the t:ffi:dls of our Merchants at Cadiz, but more cfpccially what i\v,w\\\ be brought thither by the Fleet from Nezj-Spaiti, might be in the heft uianner Iccurcd, and thereupon appointed three Frigates, the beginning' oi November^ to proceed under the Commani'l of Captain Edinnnd Loadcs, to take thole Ef- fcdts on board, and bring tncm to Engla'"^ : but he was cautioned | not to go in, but only to cruifc between (.ape St. Mary's and Cape Spa) fell, until he fliould be certainly informed that the Flota were arrived in the Bay of Cadiz,, nor even then to go in, if a Rupture happened, but rather to lie in a proper SiAtion, if the Mercnauts found they could (end their Money to him by Barcalongos, or o- ther Imail Erabarkarions. If this could not be done, he was lb to place the Ships under his Command, as that they might moft probably meet with the Con- voys coming with Mr. Graydou (torn Ne-jvfonndland ; and if he jnflriiciion, to had iioticc that any Number of French Ships were cruifing about thtship, jtnt Cape St. Vincent, he was to endeavour to keepWcftward of them, to cidiz. jjpj j^Qj Qj^iy jQ gjyg Mr. Grajidon notice thereof, but to deliver un- to him Orders, whereby he was dire(aed to coniult with the Ma- fters of the Ships under his Convoy, and then to lee the Trade to fomc Port on this fide the Mouth of the Strcights, or home, if that fhould be judged raoft proper ; and for their greater Security, Cap- tain Loades was ordered to accompany them with the Ships under his Command, in cafe they came home, but if they put into any Port of Tortugal, or proceeded up the Strcights, he was then to make the beft of his way to England. Neverthclels, if the Merchants judged they could fend to hira their Effcdbs, and, for that reafon, Hiould defire him to lie in a convcui- cnt Station, or to come into the Bay of Cadiz, he was to do it with two of the Ships under his Command, and to fend the third * to 1701. iomt shift font iti'.iMz to hrim horn: till Ahr- (haiiti i.f- ftdl. Chap. Vil. from the Tear i<$98, to 1712. 609 :s, he was then to to look out tor, aiut give the bc^jrciucntiou'il Notice to the Coin- ihjiuUt u\ the XcmfjiiiittLiiul Convoy ; and (uicc it was uncertain whether War might b'w dcclaicil before ho laaic hoiiiv, he was or- ilcrcil, if it lb happeiicJ, to cnili avour to take, fink, or dcftrny a- ny nt the Ships ol I'nincc or Sj>atn which he might happen to meet with. At this time her Majclly had at Cadiz a coufiderablc Qnaiitiry ot Naval Stores, which Cjptaiu Loades was ordered to bring lioinc, together with the Store- keeper at that Phcc, but not being' able to ['"""Hl^'^i^, Hkc OM board the wliolc, there was a Nccclliry otldhng the reft to /'«,«" Odll' the >spati't(irds much undci their real Value ; and loon after this, a Snip \va> Iviic to take out of thelJay oi Cadiz the two Hulks made ulcot the lall War Jor careening our Ships, and left there upon con- cludiiiL the Peace, that lo neither rhe hnnch, wox Span iardsy might hive the Advantage ot tl>ein. 11. :j. Service was effedlualiy perform- ed, for they were put into a Condition to lail, in order, as it was given our, to be brought to I'.iigland \ but fincc it was not pofllblc to bring them home, by rcalbn they were cut down fo very low, the Captain ot the Frigate lunk them at a convenient Diftancc from the Port of Cadiz, as his Inllrudtions required him to do. Captain L jades lailed with the Ships under his Command on the f'^'/^^rf^^' iforcmcution'd Service, and the nineteenth o\' Oitober ijoi came to tl' Ind"frem his intended Station fix Leagues S. S. E. from Jape St. Mary's, meet- <^*'1'»- \^}i[x. Gray don Ibme tew Days after, with his Convoys iioinNew- fwndkndy to whom he dclivcr'd the Inrtrutt-ons which he carficd out tor him. Not many Days after, he was conftraincd, by a ftrong Weftcrly Wind, to anchor in the Bay of Bttllsy the Road to the City of Ca- i'lz, and though the Eugltjh Merchants, both there and at Port St. Utty'Sy were very well iatislied with the care that was taken of ihcm, yet had they no confidcrabic EfTcds to fend home. While hcliy here, three French Hag-lliips in the Bay of Cadiz made the Thn, fUh- \ \ for weighing, whereupon all our Frigates flood out to Sea, ^^^^\'fQ^l^., to prevent an Inlult, and cruifing until the levcnth of November^ "" " they returned to the Bay of Bulls^ the atorefaid Flags being ftill ia the Port ; but Captain Loades believing they would fail with the ftc/h Eaftcrly Wind which tiien blew, ftood out to Sea again. Thcic Flag Otticcrs lailed four Days after, with about twenty fix Ships more, ami ftood Weftward, upon which our Frigates returned to the Bay of Bulls the next Day, and remainine there till the fix- tcciitli of T)icembcr, Captain Loades having nrft acquainted the Fadury that his want of Provifions would oblige him to fail by the beginning of January, at tartheft, he came for England, when each of the three Ships under his Command had taken in upwards of fix- tythouland Pieces of Eight, raoft of which was upon account of the Old and New Eajt-lndia Companies, .but more efpecially the former, for Mo; ^y was at that time io Icarce at Cadiz, that the Merchants could .^vcc but very little until fuch time as the Flota «rivcd. liii The The Xiimlier of t''rciich Stiips at C\- Count V>'V.- llrces failed f.r ThouloM I 11^1 ■ ■ II ^^ I ■ ■ III 610 NavalTranfaSmisoftheEngViih, BookV. The Count lyEjirdes had lain all the Summer above the Tuu- tals wirh twemy three /V^wrA Ships from loc to 50 Guns, and the latter end of OBober he was joined by Monficur Chateau Re- nault from Lisbon y with fourteen more, from 50 to 80 ; brfldcs which there were eight Firelliips, four Bomb-Veflcis, and Icvcral Ships with Stores and Provifions, making in all about fcvcnty Sail. The fird oi November the faid Count 'D'EJhces failed for Tlrni- Ion with Jcven Men of War, all of them, except one, having three Decks, and Ihc mounted about f o Guns. He carried with him four Bomb-Vcdcis, aiid as many Firelhips, befides Storelhips, and Victu- allers, and in this Squadron was trani'ported from Cadiz, Gibraltar, and Malaga, one thoufand five hundred Sfanijh Soldiers, defigned (as was reported) from Thoulon to Naples. In the Abl" ncc of Count T)' EJiri'cs, Monfieur Chateau Renault commanded ir. Chief, with a Vice- Admiral's Flag, Monficar Ne/mnd bore that of a Rear- Admiral, and there were two other Flags flyino with Swallow Tails, one of which was Monfieur ^c Relivgtte. The Number oi French Ships then in the Ray were about thirty, of which four had three Decks, the reft oi j6, 60, and 76 Guns, and as five of them were preparing for a long Voyjgc, according to their manner of vidualling, fo it was judged rhcy were defigned for the Wejl-lndies, not only to fecurc the tlavana, but to bring from thence the Galleons. During Count iy EJlrdes^s^zy at Cadiz he employed Advice-Boats almoft every Week, and ^^metimes oftner, not only to bring him In- telligence from France, but of the Motioiis of our Fleet in the Cha- nel, and of the Number and Strength of the Ships going with Sir George Rooke from Spit head; nay fuch Induftry was uied in this Affair, that he had Advice by one of thofeVeffels of our Fleet's failing, by i.nothcr of their putting into Torbay, a third brought him an Account of their Departure from thence, and another of their being twenty Leagues out of the Chanel : By a fifth he knew when S\r George Rooke parted from Vice- Admiral Benbow, (of whofe Pro- ceedings I have already given an Account) nor did he want Intelli- gence by another, wiien he returned into the Chanel; nor took they Iclscare to inform themfelves how Vice- Admiral .ff^-w^owfteer'd his Courfe, from time to time, towards the Weji-Indies. Befides, the aforemention'd French Ships in the Bay of Cadiz, there were the Spunijh Admiral and Vice- Admiral, and great Preparations were making to put all of them into a Condition tor the Sea. Ch.i'.caiiRc- immU com- mjriili at C.t- Ail. The rare ta- ken L't the French to get jldvice ff our flett. \l'''.i iV'l Chap, I I ' I Bg 9 J I I ■■. ■■■■ . ^^ ^^-^— ^^^^M^— ^ lifh, BookV. h Chap. VIII. fvoM the Tear i(^^8, to 1712. Six Chap. VIII. j"/;- John Munden'i Proceed'tn^i for mtercept'mg a Squa- dron of French Ships bound to the Groyne, and thencd to the Wcft-Indics. <2, bur to bring from THE Earl oi Nottingham y Principal Secretary of State, re- i7o». cciving certain Advice that there were raifcd in the Kingdom oi Spain about two thouiandMen, and that they were defigned or ik l(^e/f-I/idics with the Duke oi yHbuquerqtte^ who (as hath been already thus tiius c lary was c In on all Mt'tiili thcrei with |is:euc( D 1 I i(i!l^\ Chap. IX. from the Tear 169^, to i-jio. 6ier 'Diem /. s. d. Colonel, as Colonel. on £ieuteuant-Colonel, as Lieutenant-Colonel, o Major, as Major. Chaplain. — — Adjutant. — Quarter Mafter. ChirurgeoQ 4X. and one Mate ij*. 6d. o o o o o 7 S 6 4 4 6 One Company. Captain. — Firft Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. Two Serjeants, each 1 8 Cadiz, well appointed. When the Land Forces were embarked, and all other things in a Readincis, the Admiral lailcd from "Portfmouth, but reached not the length of the S tarty until the twenty firll oi July, and having then jyot but very little Wind; bethought it convenient to anchor, that fo, by (lopping a Tide, he might prevent his being driven Eaftward. The next Day he got off of the Tieadmauy from whence proceed- ing crois the Bay oi Bifcay, with little Wind Northerly, he reached the Station for joyning Rear Admiral Fatrborn the thirtieth oiju- (y, who had been lent before with a Squadron to cruile off of Cape l^v k k k 2. Finiflerre-:, 620 hlavalTraiifdtlionsofthcT^w^W^h^ BookV. B Ch .s/. George Fln'ijlerrc^ but bLinijiliivcii from thciicc h> bad Weather, was work- ing up to it again. ThcAduiiral, wlicn joiucd, continued hisCourfc towards C.nci'i'^ 'if'?u!Vut7 ^"^ coming near to it the twelfth Day oi Aiigulf^ anchored in thcO? i'airhorne'. Ang about four in the Afternoon, and much about that time the next Day he got inro the Bay oi Bulls. In the Evening there was a Council oFWar ol" the Ha*;"! and (icncral OHiccr?, and althouoh it w a:j then ngrctd that the Troops af in another with that of the Empe- ror, putting the Men in order; and in the mean while the Icvcral Imall Frigates were lb ported, as that they might befl cover the For- ces, and annoy the Enemy who were placed on the Shore to op- pole them. There happened to be a very great Swell of the Sea, infomuch that when the Bo.its came near the Shore, many of tlicrvi were a!- moft fdled with Water, which conftraiucd the Soldiers to wade thorough ; and as by this unlucky / ccident iomc were drowned, iu were great Part of their Arms rcndcr'd unfit for immediate Scr- Unittii. Vice. Action be- fxitn our Men ami 1 1" Spanilh tlorfi When about one hundred Grenadiers were landed (at the Head of whom was Colonel 'PcirccJ they were briskly attack'd by a Budy oi Spanijh Horlc with Sword in Hand, under the Command of a Licutcnant-General. Our Men were inftantly put in Order, and t. <.'a advancing with great Bravery towards the Spauiards^ the Lieuteiiai.'-. General was killed, ibmc of them taken Prifoners, and the reft put to Flight. The Enemy fired very hotly, while our Troops were landing, from a Fort called St. Catharnie'!^^ whereby the 'Dutch received feme Damage ; bur the Lenox., one of our Third Rates, (comiiund- ec' by Captain Jumper) advancing within Reach of the Fort, by firing her Broadfidc obliged them in a little time to retire. The ihiall Frigates drove them alfb from their Batteries on the left, and the Tiutchf loon after their Landing, poflcflcd themfelvcs of the Guns mounted thereon. Next Morning early (being the ftxtccnth oi Augufi) the Forces marched towards a fmall Village called Rota., being met by the Go- iht Town of vernou'-, and fomc others, who (iirrendering the Town, about one rou/mi'''<«- hundred Grenadiers took PofTenion of it ; and the General i king up h''s Qiiarters in the Caftle, the Army encamped before the Place. Between the icvcntecntii and nineteenth, the Field Pieces, and four Mortars, with proper Ammunition, as alfo the Dragoons, and Train- Hor(cs were put on Shore, and the next Morning they march- ed to Port St. Mary's^ which Place was about I'evcn Miles from the Camp, and is in a manner a general Warchoulc or Maga/Jnefor Ca- diz itlelf Our Men lay on their Arms all Night when they had marched about half of the Way, the Spaniards making a Shew (but s that dirs. The Troop! to I'ort St. Mary's. llngOt BookV. 1 Chai'.X. from the Tear \ 6^^, to 1112. 621 icr, waswork- owartls Ort'/'a, orcil in the Of- iliat time the ining there was and although o go ou Shore nor landed un- y the Boats bc- Bargc with the ■ of the Empc- hile the icvcral t cover the Kor- c Shore to op- Sea, infomuch thcai were al- )ldicrs to wade were drowned, immediate Scr- (at the Head of ick'd by a Body Command of a Order, andt. ca thcLieutC'.iai.'-. and the rcfl [)v.t s were landing, Dutch received tes, (command- f the Fort, by to retire. The m the lefr, and imfelvcs of the ujlj the Forces net by the Go- awn, about one cncral i king up )rc the Place, icld Pieces, and Dragoons, and ing they march- I Miles from the agay.inc for Ca- whcn they had ng a Shew (but that t Fort, A Cduncil of Wur of i.ii-ni- ihat waii all) as if rhcy wotild defend ihc Pafs; ami next Diy Icvc- ral Squadrons of thoir Hnrlc were Iccn on the Hills, but upoii the Approach of our Men they retreated into the Country; and tfiis D;iy the Forces cntcr'd into Port StMaty's without Opp&fuion, for the Soldiers and Inhabitants had abandon'd it. The Troops were quartcr'd in this Place, which afTirdcd Plenty of Wines; and as great Numbers of thcni did for Icvcral D.iys par- tikc very liberally of it, (a thing too often pradiled, and vcy Iiaid to be reltraincd) lb were the Goods and Merchandizes of the Ki;ba- /'•rfst.\u- bitants lei/.cJ, and hurried on board the Ships and Pranlporrs, w In li '^^ -'/''•<'"'"•"'• were of no inconfidcrablc Value, and this notwithdandin^ the D.-Ve liad (as I am informed) declared it Death to any Man who Ih ^uld prcHune to Plunder. The twenty Jecond a Party was lent back under Command of Co- c>/..»WPeirce lonci 'Prircc, from Port St. Mary's to St. Cafh/irifii's Fort, whi.li '"'" ^'^ *■*■ I'urrcndcred after fomc Oppofition ; and two Days after the Army marching out of Port St. Mary's, encamped in two Line;, not far from thence, and where they were nor well fccurcd by tlic Ditches, luch Methods were taken as might beft contribute towards the Do- tcncc of the Front from the F.^.tmy, who being encamped on a ri- fing Ground towards the Country, about a Mile and half ofT, did Ibmctimes alarm our People by their Parties of Horlc. The Duke called a Council of War of his General-Officers the fccond oi September ^ where w.rc prcfent Licutenant-Gcneral Re b^Sy Lord 'Portmore, Sir Charles OHaruy Brii;ad'cr Talaul^ Bri- '*''^"'^"^- '^ii[\ix Matthews., bv^^dkr flami/ton, and Brigadier ty^W(P//r, and it wasrelblved to propolc the following Qucftion to the Admiral, vizi. lacale the Army lliould, when at Voxt Real, endeavour to pais into the Ifland between the Bridge at Siiaco and St. Tedro, but find it jmpradicablc, and therefore come to the Mouih of the River Xc- nz, where Baron Spar had debarked his Troops, whether the Men, Horic, Artillery, and all things necefTary, could be embarked from thence on board the Fleet ? Hereupon the Admiral called a Council of fuch Officers as he ^ cotwdi of thought convenient, namely. Vice- Admiral //o/yow, his own firft "'i'^^'y^''"' Captain, and Captain Thomas Ley ; and of the 'Dutch, Admiral Mcmonde , Admiral Callemberg, Vice- Admiral Vandcrgoes, and Vice- Admiral Tieterfon. They were of Opinion, that if the Winds came out (as might reafonably be expcdled from the ap- proaching Sealbn of the Year, the Autumnal Equinox being nigh) neither the Horfe or Artillery could be embarked from the Mouth of the River Xerez^ without great Difficulty and Hazard, but that from the Convcnicncy of the Mole at Rota, they might be from thence more fafcly taken on board ; and, in luch cafe, it was de- termined that there Ihould be a Flag- Officer, and Captains appoint- ed, not only ro advitc, but to affift in the doing thereof. And now, and nor before, it being thought convenient to have Th^rntranct the Enrrance into the Harbour above the Tuntals examined into, "' "'" "'"^- Sir Siafford Fairborn (as order'd) called to his AfTin.incc t!io Flags, ■Z!7i;^!gk^ Md other Officers of the Ships which were in the Bay of Cadi;z, Uu'. who 622 NavalTratijMiofis of thcVw^Wf]}, HookV who on the filih of September rcportal, rhat ihi.y had ciukavour'd to inform thcmlclvcs of the PafTage in the bell manner rhcy could, with rclpcdl as well to the Uooni, as the (imkcn VclilK (ulijch lat- ter obliged even the Kncniy's Gallics, when they pafTcd or rcpafT.d, to make Icveral Iravcrl'cs) and that, in their Opinion, it was not pradicable to attempt the Entrance, while thole two tons which commanded ir, namely the i'tiiitnl and Matta^orda^ remaiiicd ia the Enemy's PofTenion ; and they reprelented the Diflitiiliy ro be yet the i;reater, for that they could neitiier fnul the certain Pofi- tion of the iimken Vcirel?:, nor come to buoy thtm, until one of thofc Caftles, at lead was reduced. Hut it may not be altogether iinrcafonable to believe, that it the Odicers who were met ar a Coun- cil of War had approved of the I'ropofition, which was made (as I am informed) by one of them, for ordering a Squadron ot Ships, e'er the Fleet came in Sight oiC(idiz>-, to liavc puihed through the Entrance of the Harbour, without lo much as coming to an Anchor, which it is laid he ofTcrcd to undertake, «vc might, during the Sur- prize the Spaniards would have been in, Ii.vc dcftroycd at Icaft their Shipping, (as the Earl ol hljlex did in the Reign of Queen Eltza- bet)}) if nor taken the Place irlelf ; but it being not thought advilc- ablc to make an Attempt in the manner before-mentioned, they had not only leiliire, while the Body of our Fleet lay in view, of fink- ing Veffels in the very Entrance of the Harbour, whereby the Paf- fagc thereinto was rcudcr'd alrogcthcr impracticable, but to piitthera- • felves into a much belter Condition of defending the City itlclfi tiuu contbquently they would orhcrwilc have been. hitm Spir An Attack was made by IJaron Spar with about fix thoufaud Men tiiicmftt ihi on the Mattaprday a hnall inconridcrabic Fort over agaiuft the MattasurJa. ^^y, 2 Chap.X. from the Tear I 6S 9, to 1112. 623 , I II . _ _ I - ■ ~i fleet for their Voyage home, and that then it Ihoiild be confidcrcd (fhii mifthr be farther done, for putting in Execution the Remainder of Her Majefty's Inftrudtions. The tenth oi September a Council was held of the Flag Officers, idd icveral Letters from the Prince of Hefje xo the Duke of Ormond and the Admiral were read ; but fince not one Spaniard of Note y yet come in, or Ihcwed any Inclination lb to do, (whatever ihey might have done with more civil Treatment) it was agreed tliitthe Forces lliould be immediately embarked; and although it hid been rclolvcd Ibmc time before to bombard Cadiz ^ that Dc- \m was laid afide, becaulc it was judged it could not be done with my manner of Succels, confidcring the Swell of the Sea ; fo that jllthc Ships and Tranlports were immediately ordered into the Bay ii Bulls, there to be in Readincls to receive the Army. Five Days after, the Duke oiOrnioud acquainted the- Admiral by DuUffOt- letter, that he drfired nothing more than to have the Forces Icr on '""" | ^''" iliorc, either in the Hland of Cadiz, Ayamontc, Vigo, Voiitc P'e- ''J,"'i[Slihn in, or whcrclbever it might be thought mol^ rcalbnablc. This the ''it"- fIjgOfficcrs taking into Confideration, they were of Opinion that ihtrt' It was not advilcabie (with regard to the Safety of the Fleet) to at- tempt Cadiz at this Sealbn of the Year, for that the Ships might be much cxpofcd when the Rains and Out-winds let in ; nefides, the General-Officers had determined before, that it could not be done with thole Forces which the General had under his Command. As for landing the Army at Aynmonte, the Flags agreed it might '^^" o^ininn k done if the Weather happened to be favourable, but that fincc J^/^" '' "*' k great Ships could not come near the Shore, nor reitiain on the «;«« Coall, great Difficulties might arilc in landing the Horlc and Artil- lery, bccaufe it could not be done any othcrwife than by the Boats in the Fleet ; and although they judged it almoft impofll- blc for a fmail Squadron to lie on that Coafl: in the Winter, yet they were of Opinion that liich a Squadron might be clean'd at Lisbon^ and cmilc from time to time in countenancing and protedling the Amy. As to Tonte Vedra, and Vigo^ they judged, that unlefs they could reach thole Ports by the firft of O^ober, New Style, it would be to no purpofe to attempt any thing there ; for Proviftons fell Ihort in the *I)utch Squadron, and it would be difficult tor Ships to depart from that Coaft in the Winter ; but that if it Ihould be re- folvcd to flrugglc with thefe, and other unfbrelcen Difficulties, there was aNcceffity to fend home the great Ships, in order to their gain- ing a fafe Paflage. They alfo confidered what had been propoled, and that part of the Inftrucftions to the Admiral which related to the Groyue, and concluded that before they could poffibly reach that Port, the Sea- Ion of the Year would be too far advanced to make any fuccefsfui Attempt there. Next Day, being the Icvcntccnth, a Council of War was held of the Flags and General-Officers, and it was confidered whether it w« advileable to make a fccond Attempt in Sfain, in regard not » only '' lllw li|B||!l ■nil If Am. ^24 NavalTranfaBions of the Englifh, Book V. only of the Oppofition, but the Obftinacy of the Spaniards iay^«. dalufui againft the Houle of Aufiria, the Difficulties which might arilc from the Scalbn of the Year ; the Averfion w hich they ap- prehended in the People in other Parts of Spam ; the want of lii. tclligence ; that the Ttiif:}} Troops could not be furniflied wirh Pro- Vifions from their Ships longer than for a Month ; that the Army would be greatly diminiflied by the Detachment to be lent to the JFejl-Indies with Captain IValker., (of whofe Proceedings I have already given an Account) and other Inconveniences which might t)cunn\na atilc thtough Sicknels. After this Matter had been thoroughly de- not to >r,i!;c a batcd, the Queftion was put, and determined in the Negative, and i'Z'I't m' tliercforc it was relblvcd to take the firfl Opportunity of proceeding Spain, L.,! re- tO Ellglaud. turn to liii-- 'Pile Pcrfons who fiened to this Refolution were, lAiid, " Sea-Officcrs. Sir George Ronke, Admiral Allemonde, Vice-Admiral Hopjofij Vice-Admiral Vandergoes^ Vice- Admiral Ticterjouy Rear- Admiral Fairborut Rear-Admiral JVajfenaer^ Rear- Admiral Graydon. Land-Officers. Sir Henry BclaJiSy Lord 'Porttftore., Sir Charles O Hara, lirigadier Hamilton., Brigadier Seymonr, \ Sonic few Days after two Letters were received from Mr. Me- thneUy Her M^jefty's Envoy «t Lisbon., one to the Duke oiOrmondy the other to Sir George Rooke, by which he affurcd them that the King of Tortngal would willingly aflift in any thing which Ihoiild be defired, not only at that Port, but in any other Parts of his Do- minions. A General Council was thereupon called the twenty fecond of September., but they did not frame any Rcfolutions thereupon. They confidercd whether Mr. Methuen lliould be defired to explain feme Particulars contained in his Letter, and the Fleet flay for his Anfwcr Ti..p ad- in Lagos Bay, but it was reiblved to adhere to the former Refolu- 10 ''tht tion of proceeding to England^ as foon as the fVeJl India Squadron and the Forces Ihould be detached ; for they were of Opinion that Mr. Methuen\ Letters gave no great Encouragement to the win- tering our Forces cither in Spain or 'Portugal ; and here it may be oblcrvcd, that, by the then Articles between England and the lat- ter Crown, we could not be admitted to have more than fix Ships » of tinm ana. oj I'or- y0- rhe hire fir/i lun. Rejohi- \ Perfon, ^iVigo, two spa) ting this dim, the St, Vina not findi, ijuence that the Captains ly ncccfi mentionc .^— — ^___ ***! *' ■- — — — — 1^— . , BookV B^^ C""^^" ^' -^^^ '^^^ ^^'^ '^^^' tC 1112, 62s miards in y/^/- which might hich they ap- ic want of In- iflicd wirh Pro- hat the Army be lent to the ecdings 1 have 3 which might thoroughly dc- Negativc, and r of proceeding \ from Mr. Me- )uke of Otmondy :d thcra that the ing which fhould Parts of his Do- wcnty fecond of thereupon. They , to explain fomc ay for his Anfwcr ic former Refolu- 1- India Squadron : of Opinion that lenr to the wia- id here it may be Imd and the lat- irc than fix Ships of Cafe Sr. Vin- cent. of War ill the Port of Lisbon at one and the fame time. To this Refolution all thofe Gentlemen figned whole Hands were to the a- forcgoing. except Brigadier Seymour. The nineteenth oi September the Fleet failed from Cadiz ^ and The fleet were off of Cape St. Vincent the twenty fourth, where the Englijh """" °^-f Flag-Officers, (namely the Admiral, Vice- Admiral Hop/on, and the Rear-Admirals Fairborn and GraydonJ taking into Confideration Icvcral Claules in her Majefty's Inflrudlions, relating to Ibme of the great Ships their wintering abroad, if it Ihould be too late to bring tlicm lafely home, it was concluded not to be advilcablc, for Icve- ral rcalbns, to fend fix of our capital Ships to Lisbon ; for as there were not any Stores proper for careening and fitting them for the next Summer's Service abroad, io did they judge the Hazard left, and the Convenience of fitting them much more certain, by bring- iiii» them to England. Mr. Bowles (who adted as Agent to the Commiflloncrs for Vic- tualling) was left off of Cape St. Vincent., to fupply the Ships de- (igucd for the IVeJl-IndieSy as aforcfaid, out of tour or five Traul- pmt Ihips, and then to follow under Convoy of the Lcnoxy and the Eagle i Sterling-Cajile^ and 'Pembroke^ which Ships the lOIll Admiral was obliged to leni to Lagos Bay, about five Leagues Eaft from Cape St. Vincent, ihat they, and fome of the Tranlports, might there fupply themfelves with Water, the chief Reafon of the lattcr's being in want thereof, was their employing the grcateft part of their time in picking up Plunder at Port St. Marys, though it happened to prove very fortunate, as I am now going to relate. The Gentleman who commanded the aforefaid three Ships, Eagle^ hrimg-CaJile, and 'Pembroke, was Captain Wijhart, (fmce Sir ]mes, and a Flag-Officer in the Fleet) and the Admiral being the uventy fecond oi 'December oW oi Lagos, he fcnt him Orders to join him off of Cape St. Vincent, when he had watered thofe Ships and the Tranfports. He made all polTible Difpatch in doing it, and failed the twenty fifth in the Morning ; but Captain Hardy, (fince Sir Thomas, and a Flag Officer) who commanded the Pembroke, being obliged to (lay lomc little time aftern, for his Boat which was on Ihorc, a Gentleman came on board of him , who was charged «ith Letters from the Imperial Minifter, directed to the Prince of Uel'e, and Mr. Methuen. Captain Hardy induftrioully founded this c.Aptam Har- Perfon, and found that the Letters gave an Account of the Arrival f^^^f"' w""/''^* '&Vigo, in Gallicia, of rMvivj French Ships of War, and twenty "Teln] at'\'\' two Spanijh Galleons, about ten Days before, and he communica- go- ting this to Captain IViJhart as foon as he could come up with tiiin, they all made the bed of their way, and arrived off of Cape St. Vincent about half an Hour after Four in the Afternoon ; but not finding the Fleet, and Captain IViJhart confidering the Confe* i|uence of the Intelligence, and finding by the fealed Rendezvous iliat the Admiral was on his Paffage for England, he confulted the Captains with him, who were of his Opinion, that it was ablblute- ly ncccffary to detach a Ship to Sir George Rooke with the afore- mentioned Intelligence, lb that at Five a Clock, the Pembroke, com- L 1 1 1 raanded ' $26 NavalTranfadiotis of the Englilh, Book V, 'Ihe Nt'jus cewmiinicaled /o •/> George Rtjoke, and rejiitved to proceed to Vi- 8°- The Enemy difcovered at Rcdondela. .An Accsiint (i Vigo and Rcoundela. rhvart the Harbour. The Forces {and, and UliC the i'rcnch and 'Battery. i'lce-Admvj Hupion j'irj hre^i:s the inandcd by Captain Hardy, (which was the bcfl Sailer) was lent on this Errarld, and luckil' joining the Fleet on the Icvenrh, the Ad- miral called a Council ^i War of Englijh and 'Dutch Flag Officers by whom it was refolvcd to fail forthwith to the Port of Vigo, and immediately to attack the Enemy with the whole Fleer, if there Should be found room enough fo to do, or, if nor, by fuch Numbers as might render the Attempt moft effc'^ual. They dilcovcred Monfieur Chateau Renault's Squadron on the eleventh, as alio the Spanijh Qalleons about the Entrance at Re- dondela, but finding the whole Fleet could not attempt tlicm with- out great Hazard of being entangled, it was refolvcd to fciul in fif- teen Englijh, and ten 'Dutch Ships of the Line of Battel, with all the Firclhips, and that the BombVcfTcls fliould follow in rhc Rear and the great Ships move after them, that L they might likcwile go in if there iliould be found occafion for it ; and it was alio de- termined to land the Army next Morning, that they rai^ht attack the Fort on the South fide of Redondela. Vigo (from whence feveral Shot were fired at our Ships without Damage) is an inconfiderable Town at the Mourh of the Harbour, whole Inhabitants chiefly employ thcmlclves in Filhing; nor is/?«?- dovdcla a Place of any great Conlequcncc. The Hai hour's Mourh is about the Breadth of a Shot from a Musket, and on the Entrance was a fraall Fort with a Trench running about a quarter of a Mile, whereon was a Battery of fixrecn Guns ; and the Harbour itlelf is lurrounocd in fuch manner with Hills, that it is capable of being made very flrong. On the left Hand was a Battery of about twenty Guns, and between that and the Fort, on the right, a Boom was placed athwart the Harbour, made of Marts, Cables, and other proper Materials, the French Ships of War lying almort in the Form of a Half Moon, a confiderable Diftance within this Boom ; whereas had they anchor'd dole to it, and laid their Broadfides to bear upon our Ships as they approached , we Ihould , in all probability, have found the Task much more ('ifticult ; but they had lb great a Depcndance on the Strength of fhe Boom, as to think themlelves lufficiently fecur'd by that, and the Batteries on both fides of the Harbour. The General, according to Agreement, landed with the Forces, when marching diredly to the Fort, he attacked the Trench and Battery, and became Mafter of them after a hot Difpure. They chafed the French and Spaniards into the Fort, and afterwards beat them from thence to their Boats, although they were, in and about this Place (as 'twas credibly reported) near twenty thouland ftrong ; and indeed had not this Fort, and the Battery at the end of the Trench been firft taken, there would have been much more Diffi' uity found in breaking the Boom, and burning the French Ships ; but that Ser- ; vice was no Iboner performed, than the Ships advanced, and Vicc- Admiral //(9//o» , in the Torbay, crouding all the Sail he could, when he came to the Boom the Force which the Ship had (con/i- dcring its great Length, and confequcntly its Weaknels) brake it, and icvcral other Ships loon after made their way through. There was at this time a very great Fire between out Ships and the Ene- my)* 3t BookV^ I was lent on "fh, rhc Ad- Flag Officers, oiVigo, and leer, it there fuch Numbers adron on the itrancc at Re- tlicm with- to lend in fif- attel, with all in the Rear, might likcwiie it was alio de- mij^ht attack Ships without >f the Harbour, J; li'T \sRe- ai hour's Mourh ic Entrance was alVIilc, wliercon is liirrounoed in ade very ftrong. IS, and between :cd athwart the r Materials, the a Half- Moon, a id they anchor'd Lir Ships as they found the Task tendance on the ficiently fecur'd 3our. A'ith the Forces, the Trench asid Difpure. They I afterwards beat re, in and about rhouland ftrong ; | id of the Trench Diffirulty found )S ; but that Ser- ^ inced, and Vice- I c Sail he could, | Ship had (confi- aknels) brake it, :hrough. There ips and the Ene- I ^ ,. ^^ ' II mn \ . Chap.X. from the Tear i^^S, t(^i7i2^.'\ izj mv, and one of their Firetiaips laid the Tar bay on board } but th* loriBCt luring a.laji^e Qiiauticy of SnulT in hci;, and Wowing up, the very B!a(t cxiiiijj;uilhcd grcatcll part of tJwFli^naies, a^i,d tlicr.«.by cii.iblcd thole few Officers and Men who ftaid on board (for the Hwft part of nhcffj betook chcniivlve^J to the Water) to prdctvc the Siiip; t'oj which good: Service tbcy were, when they caxue home, dclcrvecHy rewarded, fomc with Medals aiid Chains of Gold, and [he lert according to then rclpic(3:ive Qualities. While Vice Admiral Hopjou wis tlms emi>layed about the Boom, ^-^^ vatu^j Cjptain WiU'tam Bokcnham in the JffociatioJiy a Ship of qo Guns, Tje^'lai'i i lijd hcjf Broadfidc to the Battery on the left of the Harbour, wliich h cap'tln ktbott diliiblcd ; and Captain Francis Wivcll' in the Barflcur, a •^'i^'-i'him, Sbip of the like fcorce, was feat lo batter the Fort on the othcf fide, ctptlm Wi- tioiu which ievcral Shot were fised which penccrarcd thorough the veil .if^d-ii Ship, bat he was reftrain'd from aulweriug them uv the Uvat u,unacy, ^t,tV/l'f " bceaule it might have done great damage to our Ttoops, who loon "'"''' " '" atiicr beat the Enemy from their Guns, and took the Fort, as I have already rciared. They fired on our Ships at firft from all J^arts, and our People were fo far from being behindhand with them, tlwt io about half an Hour's time they, in great Confufion, let fire to (e- -^"fi' shift, vcral of their Ships, and betook themfeJves to their Br>ats., mean Rcdondsi* while the Inhabitants, and others, in Redondehi dtlertcd ii. defened. Having thus informed you of the A<5lion, by the following Lift it will appear what French Ships of War, and what Ga|lsQ^$ ^^x^ either taken or burnt, viz. Le Fort — Le 'Protnft L'j^fTurd _ L'E/^erance Le Bourbon La S,/'ene Le Solide Le Firme Le 'Prudent ISEnflamme Le Modere Le Superbe Le Tiauphin Le Volontaire Le Triton VEntreprenant — Le Choqnant — Le Favour. Ships of War. 76 Guns ■ -76 — 66 — -70 — - 68 — . 60 . — - 56 — - 71 _ 6i - 64 - 56 - 70 -. 46 ~ 46 4x Frigates. . 8/ — ':;rjjn>i'i ■ :; Tjjoditi ' burni. ': . takea. taken. taken, but bilged. taken by the 'Dutch. taken, but bUged. burnt. taken. burnt. burnt. taken. taken, but bilged. burnt. taken, but bilgqd. taken. burnt. ui» Account of thehnemy'i bhifi taken. and ilfjtroyijd. Firelhips. Curvets 3. LIII2 There 628 NavalTranfacHons ofthcl^ngliih, BookV. bP Chap. X There were alio rcvcnteen Galleons, four of which were taken on floar, and two on ihorc by the Ef/g/ijh, and five by the 'Dutch The others were burnt. The Duke oiOrmond writ to rhc Admiral the fourteenth of Of. tober from the Camp at Redondela, and complcnicutcd him upon his good Succcls, wherein the Land Forces had indeed been very ferviceable, and Ihcwcd the greateft Bravery ; bur had the French and Spaniards behaved themlelves as it might have been expcded in defending lb many of their Ships of War, and liich great Riches* our Troops would certainly have been more roughly handled. ' Diiki »/ Or- His Grace now put the Admiral in mind of what had been for. mond frcpo- njerly mentioned, namely, the Forces wintering abroad, but more at,e7j.""'"^ particularly at Figo, and offered to march diredtly to that Place, if a fitting Number of Ships could be conveniently left to fuftain and* take off the Forces upon any Emergency : for he was of Opinion that this might not only put us in the greater Rcadinels the next Spring, but probably incline the King of Tortugal (who was yet Neuter) to declare for us and our Allies. The Admiral acquainted the General that he was ready to do c- very thing in his Power for the Good of the Publick Service, and that if he thought it might be io to winter in this part of Sfain, he would ''cnture to leave five or fix Frigates, although he doubted they would not be fafe, unlefs they kept out at Sea, inftancing the Misfortune which the French had been fo lately expoled to in the Harbour of Redondela. He alfo acquainted his Grace that he fhould not be able to leave more than fix Weeks, or two Months Provifions for the Forces, for that a great Quantity was lent to the fVeJi-lndies with the Ships and Soldiers detached thither ; and fincc there were on flicre a confidcrable Number ot fick Men, he ordered Boats to Redondela the next Morning to bring them off", and fubmitted it to his Grace, if it might not then be a fit time to confidcr and determine, whe- ther it was raoft proper to march to VigOy or to the Place pro» pofcd for embarking the Forces ; and that if the former was agreed to, he was of Opinion it might be neccflary ro fend the Priloncrs to fbme Place from whence they could not poffibly be able to re- inforce the Garrifon. In fine, the Forces were, upon farther Confideration, embarked Ob'eflioni maite by the Admiral. The Troofi are imtarked, S)> Cloude Shovell am ■ving, is Itjt at Vigo. on board the Ships, and Sir Cloudejly Shovell arriving the fixteenth I o(OBoier, the Admiral left him at F:go. with Orders :.t fee rigged, and fupplied with Men, the French Ships of VFar, rnd the Galleons, that lb lijch of them as were our Prizes might be brought to Eng- land, but to dcftroy thole he Ihould not have a Profpcd of bring- ing home, firft faving lb much of their Loading, Guns, and Rigging, as poffibly he could. And as it was particularly recommended ro him to take the utmoft care to prevent Embezilments, lb was he dircdted to liiipend thofe who Ihould be found guilty thereof, aud at his Return, to recommend ro the Lord High-Admin! for Encou- ragement liich who had behaved thcrafclvcs honeftly and diligently y in r , f iooKV. » Chap.X. from the Tear 16 9^, to 1112. 629 taken on e 'Dutch. ithofOf- him upon been very le French expcdcd, 'at Riches, lied. been for. but more It Place, if lliftain and* Jf Opinion Is the next 10 was yet ly to do c- crvicc, and ' Sfaift, he he doubted lancing the 1 to in the )le to leave the Forces, 'S with the :re on fliorc ) Redondela ) his Grace, mine, whe- : Place pro» was agreed he Pritoncrs able to re- 1, embarked he fixteenth 3 fee rigged, he Galleons, ght to Eng- Si of briiig- uid Rigging, uracndcd ro 5, \'o w as he thereof", aud ! for Encou- nd diligently ia in this Affair; and there being a Report that feveral French Ships, ijchly loaden, were cxpcdted from Afartinica, he was diredled to lend three or four of his beft failing Frigates to cruile twenty Days oiTof Cape Finijierrej in order to intercept them ; but they mifled of the wilhcd-for Succefs. The Admiral having given thcfe ncceflTary Orders, and appointed nineteen Third Rates, ten Fourths, one Fifth, a Pink, fix Firefhips, nvo Storelhips, and aVidlualler, to remain with Sir Clouiejly Sho- mil, he failed himfclf from ^/^ a Ship of 50 Guns, joined him, having been cn<:!.ii.',ed with a FteHch Man of War of between 60 and 70 olf of the Cape, in View of two of our Ships which could not come up with them, though it may reafonably be thought that the Sight of them made ihe Enemy retire. The Engltjh Captain, whole Name was Holy- maHi was killed, but both before, and afterwards, the Fight was ve- ry gallantly maintained. Sir Clcudejly Shovell met with very bad Wcarhcr in hi? PnlTige, which much Ihattercd and Icparatcd the Fleet, and a rich Prize from Mcrlaix, taken by the Maff'au, founder'd. The Moderate, one of the French Ships loft her Main mart, but care was taken to lecure her home, and many of the Squadron Ipcnt their Sails, parriciilarly that Ship wherein Sir Clondcjly bore his Flag. In this Condition eve- ry one made the bed of his Way into rhe Chanel, which they had ii, Ooudciiy open, about feveuty Leagues S. W. by W. orW. S. W. from ScUly, ^^'fl Z with the Wind from the N, W. to the W. S. W. and the Flaghimielf Chanel. with thofc in his Company, groped their Way into ir, for the Start the firft Land they made. Thus ended this Expedition, the Beginning whereof was attended with very ill Succcls, either from the general Avcifion of the Spa- niards (whatever Foundations our Hopes were grounded on) to the Iiitcreft of the Houle of Aufiria, or the Apprchcnrions rliey were under of being ill treated by the French King, ihould they have made Iht Dr,igon ingageil J I'rtnch si;>. Chai-.X!. from the Tear 16^8, to iji 2. 631 iDjJc any Motions that Way, without fo much as a proper Place to retire to for Alfirtancc or I'rotedion. But it luckily fell out that the latter End of this very cxpcnfivc Affair made Ibmc Amends at R,mjrh. lead for the unfucccfsful Beginning ; for the Enemy (if we rec- l;oii their I ols in Shipping and Money, which latter they lb greatly I biiiit their Hopes upon, and defigued, as it was faid, to have brought to fomc Port in France,) had now the moft fcnfiblc Blow they had cv.r received fnicc that confiderabi Damage which was done them atii Hague and Cherbourg, by the Bail of Orford in the laft War ; the \t ant oi the Money efpccially very much embarralTing their Affairs. I ihali conclude this matter with one Ihort Obfervation; and it is tli!s; th.ir as the Spaniards, when our Forces were on Shore at p ' Merchant Ships about one hundred Leagues W. S. W. from the Lizard, under Convoy of the Loo, Referve^ and Firebrand Fircftiip, he arrived the twenty Icvenih oi Atiguft off of the Bay of Btills^ where he was informed by the Admiral of that Harbour that there were two French Ships of War at Tlacentia, and that moft of their Filhing VcfTcls which had made their Voyages were gone thither for Convoy Hereupon he proceeded the very lame Evening rothc Southward of !P/(/f^//^/(« Bay, and on the twcnry eighth twenty ninth, and thirtieth, vifitcd the Harbours of 'lrapcilf\ St. Mary's, and the B .y of Colouas, where, and at Sea in thole utuktiftxi-,Vzxi%, he too.' 'over ips, one from Mart in ica, nine with Filh and one with ■* i a' li deftroyed their Boat?, Stages, andorlicrNo- ceflaries. The.. ','7' ''•^'' ''"'d Charles Gaily he left at St. Mmy's, with Orders to thu Coaiwianders to Ice the Prizes into ,y/. John's and then to cruilc off of {.' ^ Race, and the Bank, for fourteen Days; while he himfclf with tne reft of the Squadron proceeded towards St. Lawrence, o".d the Ifland of St. "Peter's, at the Entrance of Fortune Bay, the former of which Places he arrived at the laft of A/iguJf, and feeing there four Sail, which he ordered the i'V/w/*- tagne and Medway to take or dcftroy, and then to follow him, he with the Exeter and Litchfield fiood away for St.feter's, where he arrived the next Day ; but having fbmc Reafon to rufpedt the Judgment of his Pilots, and being informed that the Harbour was not only very narrow, but tiiat the Ground without it was broken, it was his Opinion as well as Captain Sw^/iton's, and the Lord 'Diir- Jly's, who commanded the Litchfield, that it was convenient to wait lor better Weather before they adventured in. This he had the good Fortune to meet with the next Day, and then ftretching towards the Harbour, he faw eight Ships and fmall Vcflels ofTof theEader- moft End of the Ifland, to which giving Chafe, he difcovered that the Harbour was on that Side, and in it Icven or eight Ships at An- chor, lb that had he born away the Morning before for the Place, the Pilots took to be the Entrance of the Harbour, he would not only have run the Hazard of being driven to Leeward of the Idand, but alio of falling on a Ledge of Rocks which lie off of the Point. At Noon he took one of the Ships loaden with Filh, and leaving the Litchfield in chale of another, ply'd in for the Harbour to le- cure the reft; but when he was within a Quarter of a Mile of the Entrance (the Wind being then right out) he difcovered four Sail endeavouring to make their Eicape from the South Chanel, which his Pilots had affirmed was not navigable for any Veffel that drew above five or fix Feet Water ; and obferving that the reft loofed their Top fails to go out the fame Way, he thought it to no Purpofe to chale them, for it was then about feven at Night, the Harbour not above half a Mile over, and a dangerous Rock in the middle of ir, which appeared but a very little above Water ; wherefore he drove under his Top-fails until it was dark, the better to amufe them, but his real Defign was to ftand for the South Chanel to intercept them, had net the Hazinefs of the Weather prevented him, by which means they all efcaped, except one laden with Salt taken by the Litch- field. '' "^ I It 3ookV B|Chap.XI. from the Tear 1 6 ^S, to in 2, ^33 It continuing to blew hard, and all the Enemy's Ships being got out of the Harbuur, lie bore away for St. Lazvre»ce, where he had left the MouHtague and Medwajy the former whereof joined hirri the fourth oi September, having parted with the other the Night be- • fore, making the bcft of her Way for the Harbour of St. Johti'i with her four Prizes, two of which were part of thofc which cfca- pcd from St. Teter's; and as the other two were taken at Great St. Lawrence^ i'o had they burnt two more at Litt/e St. La'xrencey and dcftroycd their Boats and Stages. Here it was agreed to beat awny for St. John's^ and to proceed from thence to Chapeau Rouge^ on the North Part o<[ Ncwjouudland. At St. John's they arrived the eighth of September, and found ••here the Med-Ji^ayy Ajfiftance, Clmrles Gall, Loo, and Firebrand Firc.Qiip, the two latter having fccii their Convoys to the (cveral Places whereto they were bound, and the Referve was gone to liirvey the Harbours of Trinity and Carkuier. Next Day the Commadorc failed from St. John's with the AfouU' ti^ite, Litchfieldy j^ffijiance, and Loo, in order to vifit Bona Vi- lliy the moft Northern Plantation wc had in thofe Parts, where he judged he might moft probably be fiirnidied with Pilots for Chapeau ku^r, but he left the Medway, Charks GMy, and the Fircfliip to goto, and deftroy at St. Teter's what they could meet with in that Harbour, and then to cruifc off of Cape Race and the Ba»h of Kewfoundlandy until the twenty fifth of the aforefaid Month of Sej>tember. He arrived at Bona Vifta the twelfth, but could not furnifli him- i fclf with Pilots there able to carry the Ships to Chapeau Rougey fo I that he determined to return to St.John's without attempting to go ' farther Northward fo late in the Year, in dark Night?, and without the Adiftance of experienced Pilots ; befides all the Ships were in great Want of Water and Wood, which, had he proceeded, he was la Hopes of fupplying them withal. The fourteenth of September he arrived at St.John'Sy where he was informed by a Pilot of the Country, thot although he did not well know Chapeau Rouge, he was acquainted with feveral good Harbours the French had Northward, bui ncverthelefs refufed to carry the Ships thither, becaufe the Winter Scafon was too far ad- vanced. They had, as he faid, no Forts there, nor other. Defence than what the Merchant Ships made with their Guns, to lecure them from the Indians while they were filhing, who treat the Chriftians batbaroufly when they fall into their Hands; nor was there to the Northward, as he faid, any other Fortification but that at St. Te- tcr's, and even, that but a fmall Fort of not more than 6 Guns. The fecond of 06iober the Medway and Charles Gaily, with a fmall Banker the latter had taken, came in from St. Teter's, the Fort whereof they had demoliihed, and burnt and Ipoiled the Enemy's Habitations, Boats, and Stages ; and it was now agreed that the Mount ague znA Loo fhould convoy the Ships bound to Tortu^aly ikRe/erve, CharlesGzlly, and F/re^r^?«a Firefliip thofc for £»^- liiid; and that the reft of the Squadron fhould, when the Trade M m m m was '^^Mi ■ i-t ^34 NavalTranfa£Hom of the J^nglifh, BookV. ^| r7^ was ready to fail, proceed ofF of Cape Racr^ thence into the Lati- tude of 4f ', and there cruifc fen Day • to intercept the Ships froni T/acc'Htia ; and one of the French Prizes was given to the creat- ed Part of the Prilbncrs to carry them to France^ as well tolcimhcu out the Provifions, as to keep the Ships Companies fronf Di- flcinpcrs. The Comniadorc failed from St. John's tiic eleventh of Otlober with the Exeter, Mcd-iZ'oy, yljjtftancc, and Litchfield^ leaving the reft of the Squadron to convoy the Trade as beforeraenrioned, and two Days after he got to the Rendezvous, which was S. by E. from Qi^Q. Race, between the Latitudes of 44 and 4^'. The eighteenth the Med'tvay took a French Banker, and the twentieth one of the 'PUecntia Ships, whole Mailer acquainted Captaiii Littleton that he had been Icparatcd in a Storm from the reft of the Fleet, which were about forry Sail, under Convoy of one Mi'.n of War of yo Guns ; and the Comniadorc believing, by what he guhcrcd from the faid Mailer, that Part of the Fleet was Ealhvard of him, made the bed of his Way in Queft of them. The twenty firft and twenty Iccond four more Bankers were ta- ken, with another Ship from Tlacentia, and two more in k\y Days after, whole Maftcrs confirming what the other had reported, the Comniadorc intended to have kept his Courle Southward, in ordec fu intercept others of them, but meeting with ha.d Winds at S. E, and S. S. E. he was lorccd as far Northward as the Latitude of 48'^ and then, his Provifions growing fliort, he made the beft of his Way to England. cf Thcie were taken in all twenty nine Sail, and two burnt, three Vv'ith Salt, twenty five witli Fidi, and one from Martinica with Su- gar and Molollcs ; eight of tlicm the Exeter took, the Med-^ay ici/.cd on nine, the Mount agnc and Litchfield took each of them four ; three fell to the Share of the C/;rfr/«-GaIly, and one to the Refervc. Had our Ships arrived upon the Coaft o^ Newfoundland li fbrr- iiighc {ooner, they might have given a better Account of the Ene- my, for many of them had made their Voyage, and were gone from their Icveral Stations to 'Placentia; and even thofe that elcapcd from St. 'Peter's muU luve gone with little or none of their Carpi, for, runnint" away, they left Part thereof behind, which the Afed- -V-iiy and Charles Gaily deftroycd. Tht:; imicr i'h.ps lakin at, 411.1 .1- t'lir Nliv- t'(.'ii:idl.iiiii. Cma; \^ BqokV. ■ Chap. XII. frow the Tear 1698, to 1712. 6^'^ 70; C II A I>. XII. Coiil(iini>''X 4t» Ac<:o!im of Captani Bnzil Bfaumoni'i P/77- a'cdiny^s^ while at the Head of a Squadron employed aganiji the ^xct\c\i Ships at Dunkirk. IN rhc next Place it is ucccfTary ro acquaint you, that a Squa- liron of Ships were put under tlic Command of Captain Baz,il I ' ticaumofft *, and they being particularly dcfigncd to ohlcrvc the Mo- I tion of the Enemy's Ships at 'Dunkirk, he was ordered the twenty fourtii oijntie to proceed over to that Port ; and if by the falling of the Tides he judged that their biggcil Ships could not get out to Sea, to divide his Squadron, and appoint one Part to cruilc North- ward, and the other VVellward between the Coafts oi England and hance, but yet ib, as that they might timely join at the general Rcii Iczvous, which was to be either at the Gunflcet in the 'Doizusy 0,!Jley Bay, or Tarmouth Roads, as Winds and Weather, and other Cirtiimftances might make it moft proper. The next Day there was Advice that the two biggeft Ships at 'Dunkirk were got down to the Heads, and that three more were preparing for the Sea, fo that Captain Beaumont was ordered to pro- ceed immediately thither, with four Fourth Rates, and a Sloop, and when there to govern himfelf according to the aforcfaid Inllruaioas; but he was dircded to leave Orders for the other Ships under his Command to follow him from tha 'Do-wns as loon as pofTible ; and there being a Squadron of 'Dutch Ships off of Schonevclt at this time, it was recommended to him, if he found himfelf not (Irong enough to keep Monfieur Vonty in, to join himfelf thereunto. Purliiant to theii: Orders he Tailed, and being ofC oi 'Dunkirk the twenty eighth oijuney lent the Sloop with an Account to the Ad- miralty that he had plainly lecn eight large Ships in Flemljh Road, which he believed would put to Sea that very fpring Tide; and judging himiclf much too weak to oppofe them, (for he had then with him no more than three Fourths, and one Sixth Rate) he re- Ibived to join the ''Dutch Ships at Schonevclt^ and with them en- deavour to keep the Enemy in, or purliie them if they got out of the Harbour. By this Sloop Orders were fent to him to remain off of 'Dun- kirk, if joined with the 'Dutch Ships, and that the French were (iiil in that Port : But Icl^ Accidents might have brought him into the Tfowns, Orders were at the fame time lent thither, directing him to proceed firll to Tarmouth Roads, and then to ufe his beft Kndeavours to nrotedl the Trades from Hamburgh, the Eafi-Coun- try and Holland. He joined Vice- Admiral Evert fen off of Schonevelt the twenty c<»^/.Beau liiiuh oijune, and acquainted him what he had obferved in relation 'Tiont/o/af *^!flfnr.in!s It Fla-r-0/fictr. M m mm x Vici-Adir.l- CO 6^6 hlavalTranfat}'imsofthc¥.w^\\{\\^ BookV. BChap.}^ m I to the French Ships, but that Flag O (Titer Iiul received u p.uticiilar Account of their Motions before, by a M ui purpoldy Ibiit to hiui from the States General. He defircil him to join loinc of his Squa- dron to our Ships, fincc he had eighteen, fVoin 71 to 40 (lim< the better to prevent the Enemy's coming out, or to cii.iWe him to at- tack them if they did ; but could by no means prevail with him to rh, Dutch do it, lor he had Orders not to icparatc his Squadron, or to depart ""'""""'''" trom the Service whereunto he was appointecf, which was to prc- I'Vhiln" vent a Delcent upon Zeeland, a thing the States General his Ma- tftrihinfii ftcrs appri hcndcd from the Ships at 'Dunkirk and OJiend^ the (ial- ♦//eciin.1. ||gj^ Bomb VclTcls, and Pontoons, which they had prepared, and an Army of near eight thoulimd Men, laid to be drawn together near Ojlendy as it was believed, for that purpolc. Nay the UJtttch Vice- Admiral judging himfclf not ftrong enough eflcdlually to pre- vent lucii an Attempt, had lent IbmcDays betbre to Captain i?frt«- mont in the 'Dotc«/, and defired his AflUftance; but at lafl he condelccndcd to go a little farther Wcftward with part of his Squa. dron, the better to fuflain our Ships \i the French fliould come out, which it was believed they would do, fot the fuft ofyw/ythcy lay ready with their Top fails loolo. I may not omit the mentioning here an Accident ( which may Icem Ibincwhat Grange) which happened two or three Days before Captain Beaumont came on the Coall ; which was thus. Six Ftoich b,< French Gallics from OJicnd took a 'Dutch Ship of jo Guns, not above a caUiK lakf a Mile from their Vice- Admiral, and his whole Squadron, and carried ^f^mr'!'"'' '^^ '"^® ^^^^ P°'^ ' ^^^ ^^'^V '""^''^ "''^ °^ ^^^^ Advantage of x Calm to perform this Exploit ; tor as the Gallies had an Oppottuniry of rowing to her, fo were the Ships of War prevented in comuig to her Alliftance, or fhc from withdrawing hcrlclf from them, tor want of Wind. The tenth oijuly our Squadron was ftrengthencd to fevcn Fourth Rates, and one Sixth, and by Orders from the States-General Vice- Admiral Evcrtfen lent three Ships to join them five Days after ; who, in order to the more elfcaual Performance of the deflgned Service, acquainted Captain Beaumont, that, as fbon as the Ships could be vidtuallcd, a Reir-Admiral and thirteen Sail would be ap- pointed to obfervc the French, who were (as he laid) making aJl pofllbic Difpatch ^t 'Dunkirk and OJtend, not only with their Ships of War, hut Fire-Vcflcis, Pontoons, and all other Matters, for the Attempt which the 'Dutch lb much apprehended in Zeeland. Two Days after this Account was received from Captain Beau- inont, he was ordered to proceed to Lcith in Scotland, in cafe Mon- ficur 'Tonty was gone to Sea with his Squadron, and that he had uo Prolpedl of commg up with him, for there was a Sulpicion (how well grounded I cannot lay) that he was defigned to that Kingdom; but if he found him not there, nor Intelligence where he might meet him, he was to come to the Gunjieet, calling in at Newcajile, and the fcvcral Northern Ports, for the Trade bound into the River ; And by other Orders, dated the fourth oi Auguji, it was recom- mended to him to take particular care of the Merchant Ships from RuJJia rht F.nslillj iqitailron Jliengihcuid. Rtt0'a am vy as the N The twei ihc adding nfppcr at a |)olc the Ki and for the the liiit! Shi Fffttch Iho as long as t nrocccd to a of both Nat Upon thi ccrs, and tl to Confidcr nf Her Ma South, and and N. E thry got o lho;ilil lie it th. Squadrt Ships had I follow'd far wifh Provif nl Vanderi Bulk, wh( and to mak The Fre, twenty thir liippoled to alio come f one of 66, the twenty fail, which would have dore had w States- Gen< They w a feint of i but anchoi the Sands ; as many lir and kept ui being gove Road, whe uudoubtedl for in the j : it is very { ; ward, and portunity t BookV. K Chap. XII. from the Tear i6>8, to 1712. ^37 Rulfia and rhc Pattick Scj, loadcii with Scores as well for the Na- vy as the Merchants Service. The twenty lull of July he propnicd to Vice Admiral Evert fen the adding liicli a Number of his Ships to him as ftiould be thought nrnpcr at a Coniulration, that lo he might be tlie better able to op- |)oic the Kncmy, ihould they get out from 'Dunkirk and OJhttd\ iiuifor the yet better clf'eding that Service, he farther dcfircd that the laid Ships might lie as near 'Dunkirk as poUible, and that if the french Ihould yet get out, and go Northward, they might be chafed ailong as there Ihould be any Intelligence of them, and afterwards proceed to and l)ring from Lcithy and other Northern Ports, the Trades ot both Nations. Upon this there was a Meeting of the Rnglijh and 'Dutch Offi- cers and the Inllrudtions both to one and the other being taken in- to Confideratinn, it was agreed that Captain Beaumont, with Icvcn ^^friement of Her MajcHy's Ships, and five of the States-General, ihould lie *"!" '" p'"" South, and South by EaQ from "Dunkirk, and ftrctch away S. W. ^".'ji'J'.^J'J indN. E the better to keep the Enemy in, or to attack them if <,;/'./ Dun ' thry got out. It was alio relblvcd that the 'Dutch Vice- Admiral kitk. Ihoalii lie in the lame Station, or near thereunto, with the reft of tk Squadron : Bur here it may be oblcrvcd , that if the Enemy's Ships had left the Port, thofc of the States General could not have follow'd farther than five or fix Leagues, until they were fupphcd with Provifions ; but even when that Ihould be done. Rear- Admi- ral Vandcrduffen had Orders to chalc no farther than the "Doeger- Bmk, where he was to cruilc until he received farther Diredtions, lud to make up the five Ships with Captain Beaumont thirteen. The French Squadron continued in Flemijh Road, being on the twenty third of fuly joined by two (mall Ships from the Harbour, luppoled to be Firefhips, and it was believed that four Gallics were alio come from the Wed. There were two Ships of War at OJIend, one of 66, aid the other of 5^0 Guns, ready for the Sea, and on the twenty fixth the Enemy Icemed as if they were preparing to fail, which had they done, it was not to be doubted but our Ships would have given a very good Account of them, tor the Comma- dore had with him (even Engliflj of the Fourth Rate, and five of the States-General. They were in Motion even that Day, and as four of them made jht French a feint of going out Weftward, (b did three others ftand Eaftward, ships in jw«- but anchored about two Leag cs each way from "Dunkirk, within '"" the vSands ; and there remained in the Road two great Ships, With as many hnall ones. The next Day all thefe Ships weighed again, and kept under Sail for fome time, but attempted not to come our, being governed by Signals with Flags from the biggeft Ship in the Road, where, in all Probability, the Commanding Officer was ; and undoubtedly their dodging thus to and fro was chiefly to amufe us, lor in the Afternoon they all returned into the Road again, though it is very probable they had hopes to have drawn our Ships Weft- ward, and by that means have given thofe at 0/?f«^ of the Coaft of Liucoltiflnrc^ and the T)ogger Bank, in Icarch of Ibrac Ships laid to be got out from 'Dunkirk, he proceeded to Ilehoet- Slnys, anil coiidi.icLcd from thence to England the Earl of Alarl- horotigh, (jcneral of Her Majefty's Forces. ThVrc was a Report during Captain Beamnont's being in Holland, as if Monficiir 'Ponty was adlually got out of 'Dunkirk, but he was pofirivc that ncirher he, nor any of his Ships, were at Sea, knowing it to be ahnoft inipoffiblc, as the Tides fell out; and it afterwards appeared that he ju Iged very right in this Matter. But (as I have alrcidy acquiinred you) the JVorcefter being one of the Ships he hail Icfc ofl' of 'Dunkirk, her Commander lent the Lords of the Ad- miralry an Account, that on the thirteenth oiOEiober, in the Morn- infi;, he had fccn all the French Squadron at Anchor in (J ravelin- '['its, except two which were under Sail. The Day afrcr he had dilpatched this Advice he failed from the Fl«s of the Foreland, and ftauding over towards Calais and Grarelin, law under the CHlTs of Calais ten Sail turning to Wind- \\m\, and four iiiiall ones to Windward of himfelf, which he took to be their Scouts. This Alarm occafioned the ordering thole few Ships of War, and tlic Trade which were in the Downs to the Buoy Dj the Nore, itncc tliere they might be more fai'e, and a Squadron wii formed at the Guufleet with all pofliblc Dilparch, which in the Ablciicc of Captain Beaumont, was put under the Command of Cap- Pnp.nationi tain Th'tnas Foulis, and he, on the eighteenth of Oilober, ordered "^ '" " ""^*'*' oif of Calais, Ciravclin, and Dunkirk, in Icarch of the aforelaid of'thd^'mk. French Ships. If he met them not there, he was to ft'-erch away Northw ard for the Security of the Trades cxpeded from the Eafi- Qounf.y, RuJ]ia, and Hamburgh, and was ordered to call in at (bme Place about the Nacz, of Nor-jjoy for Intelligence : But if when he came off ol Dunkirk he found the French Ships were gone in, he was to come to the Downs with all the Squadron, except the IFor- ccjhr, and a Fifth Rate, which two Ships he was to leave off of the Port to obfcrvc and bring him Intelligence of their Motion. One of our Cap lins was informed by the Matter of a S-Jiedijlj Ship, that he law a ivw/f/; Vice-Adm,iral with feveral Men of War off of Solebay ; but this Intelligence was no more to be depended on than the many Amulcment? we had from the Maftcrs of Ships of that Country the laft War. Cap'.ain Foulis having with him eight Fourth Rates, and three Fifths of our?, and two Ships of the States-General, he proceeded Northward in fearch of the Enemy, according to his Inftrudlions, and being in Tarmon th-Roads the twenty fourth oiOilober, (where he called in lor Pilots) he jpoke with the Mafter of a Ship which Was taken and came from Dunkirk the feventcenth, who faid that there were then in that Port thirteen Ships ready to go to Sea, and nine of them Men of War. He \i.{\- ^4.0 NavalTranfaEHonsoftheEngii{h,BooYiV. B Ci He lulled the twenty fourth in the Afternoon from the back of Tarmoitth Sands, with the Wind at N.W. and N. N. W. and plied Northward, but the twenty fifth at Night it began to blow very- hard, and continued to do fb all the next Day, infomuch that they could not purchalc their Anchors. The twenty fe* cnth the Wind, and conicqucntly the Sea, cncrcafed, infomuch that the Crown was for- ced to bear away, as was the Content at Night, and it blowing ex- treme violent the twenty eighth, between the N. N. W. and N. E with Rain and Hail, the 'Dover and Foijijcy'% Cables gave way, fo that they v/ere forced out of the Squadron. The twenty ninth tlic Weather was more moderate, when the Signal was made for weighing with the Wind at North, but from thence it came to the N. E. and the Commadore haviiig then with him no more than \.\\xQ.z Englijh Fourth Rates, and one ©///i-/; Ship, he proceeded, according to the Opinion of the Captains, to the Flats of the Foreland^ to look for the reft of his Squadron. Thus ended this Search after the French Ships, which had not indeed been out of their Port ; and of this Captain Beaumont was lb well affiired, that by Letters, during his ftay in Holland, he po- fitively allirm'd that not any of their great Ships had been at Sea ; fo that in all Probability thofe which the Captain of i\\zPVorccfler faw were Coaftcrs going from Dunkirk^ or Ofiend, to fomc Ports in the Weft of France; for by reafon of the Hazinefs of theWca ther, he could not lb well difcover them as otherwilc he might have done ; befides, he being alone, it was not lafe for him to Ibnd too near them. Chap. XIII. Coyitahnng an Account of Sir George Kookc's Proceedhigs isjith the Fleet in and about the Chanel. i.jfi 1703. A French Sjuaiirn iaL the S< I'lury an I Ai.s;i- UIIC, TH E fourth of Jpril Sir George Rookcy Admiral of the Fleer, was ordered to take under his Command that part thereof which was defigned for Service in the Chanel, viz. five Firfts, fix Seconds, eighteen Thirds, nine Fourths, nine Fifths, and one Sixth Rate, together v.ith three Bomb-VelTcls, fix Firelhips, and three Hofpiral Ship?, as alio the Squadron intended for the Mediterranean under Command of Sir Cloudejly Shovcll, in cafe it lliould be fnii-,d for the Advantage of the Service to put a Stop to that Expe- dition. Arriving in the ©^cw/x the twelfth of y^r//, he was there informed that Her Majefty's Ships the Salisbury and Adventure hid met ' with a Squadron oi French Ships from Tiunkirky and (as 'twas tcar'.i) ' had fallen into their Hands. Upon this Rear-Admiral /?v'/^, with the Ranehgh, Somcrjetj Torbay, CambridgCy and /F:nchrJ/er, was or- i dcrcd Rates iiiClll. rtnirncd ulicrc ; , BookV. n the back of W. and plied to blow very 'uch that they the Wind, and rozvit was for- it blowing ex- W. and N. E. gave way, fo te, when the rth, but from aiig then with le Tiutch Ship, ptains, to the iiadrcn. which had not Beaumont was olland, he po- d been ac Sea ; ■ the IVorcefler to Ibmc Ports ifs of the Wca- he might have m to iTand too '5 Proceedhigs weL al of the Fleet, lat part thereof five Firfts, fix and one Sixth lips, and three Mediterranean (hould be fnu'id to that Expc- s there informed 'iiture had met (as 'twas fcar'J) P>y'igi with the 'hejier, \\ as or- dered Chap. XII L fro}ii 1 he Tear i,i: car-.icl^niral tieamrjiU was tciir oii ni that b'lr I'.orwi^'iifl.indin!'; r!iis car'y Cvo, the L7 k ; ail J : i' rc u irh his SquaJi-on \ reach had tlic good PorUi'ic to carry in tluir Tri^-js bcfo c cither ot tlic S jnadronr. copid pnOihly co\y\z up \\\u\ \\\. :n Tlic y\dion w.t; t!u!s. ('apraiii Cotton, \\\v^ oiv.'n.r.i \^i\ the l9.'/- liihnrs^ C'.rAz with tut Ship and the jl'vaiuic iiom Gorec^ in llilLnd, tiic ninth c^i A[)rH, and nc::r D.i\- about one a C'ocic dii- i).c;od fcvcn Sail b'-'anng down oii him wir'i A'.7;r//'//i Colours. Thcic S'lips pvovcti to Ik three hii-ncl) and one Sp,i'/i!h '\[yv. of V/ar, liic others Privarccrs. The Snli^hiDy was conlTraiii-.d fingly 1 cr,:;;'gc wiih mofl: of them, that thcl'radc ar.d the Vachts might .heicr f-'ciirc rhcml".Iv;.s, in one of which wai the Earl of //'///- V//'tV(', who V. as returned from t!ic Court o\' I !,ii/ovi'r. The yld- : I'tHTf was all::rn, a:vi the Salisbury cndcavon f^d to cd, /? down '1 t .at poflibly ".c cotild, to afTiit' the Tail o'{ the Mcov, with aii'i W.1S a hiicd Stcrc;hip of conlidcrublc Force, named the yl/;//- .Sui Mcrcbafit, bur Ihc, without any RcfiOancc, llru:k to the R- I'cmy, and tlic y/'/i.'.'V/.'^W/i', to fiivc hdlclf, ilnod away with all the '^:.! i|TC could carry, lo that the Salisbury bore rlic brunt upwards ^ two Hours. Slie was boarded by two of the frcnch Ships, \Mch W'.-rc bravely put t;a, but (bon after Monficur 19,'. 'Paul, who a)i:i!Tiandcd in Chief, lying on her Bow ready to clap her on board r.a'ii, another on her Uroadfidc, the Milford (ta.ken from us the bft War) oji one Qiiartcr, and the ^)ucen of Spniu^ a Shiii ofO- Iknd, on the other, all of them making what fire they poflibly could, they dilabled her Mafl^s, Sail'-, and Ringing, difraonnred le- vctjl of her Guns, and her Hull was very n:'jch torn. Thi'^, with rhc killing eighteen, and dclpcratcij- wounding both her Lieutenants, ■r, i forty three I\1en, together with rhc throwing into her Hand- ii:.:na(iocs io thick, th/t tiiey were not able to continue on rhc Deck, .'^nftrained the Caprain to yichl rhc Ship to them, which they af- terwards fitted otir, and employed againfl: u'-". The Admiral l.iv f"^ine t:mc VVind-brnnd in the 'Do'Ui'us, but arri- '"■ f^^or^c vcd at St. Ilclcu's the r/th o? Jpil, having then with him two !^°"^''^/i7 Firil Rates, thirteen Thirds, tiirec Fourth'-, four IVimbs, and three h^Icm.'j, Hoipital Ships. It wai his Opinion, and accordingly he propniod ''."' t ns liich, tliat the Fleet l!;onld forthwith go to Sea, without Ifay- 'i'^o'ih/iuy nj: for the 'JJutc/j, aiid uirrouv.d the Bay of Pi/cav \\ith a fVrong "/'[hKAy rc Drachrncnr, that lo if t!,: F.iuinr had any Men o.' War, or iVTcr'^- ""'■'">'''-- '^- '■■an: Ships withoi'f the Entrance of Port Louis, or of Rochrfort^ 1 Attempt might be made to liirpri/.': and deftroy them ; or at Icall '■ was judged that vre might thus interrupt their Commerce. He was ill bcitcr able to pur this in Ipcedy F'xecution, from the liberty he Mill to remove the Men belonging to two Firll:, and lonr Third Hates ordered to be p lid o{\\ into other Ships that molt \.'antcd H iicm. And now Vice Admiral Leake of the liluc St]uadron, being vie.-. a:, i^nirncd V ith Icvcral Ships to Spithend from the Freuch Coaft, '^licrc he hnd miircd ot thole ho was lent to intercept, rhc Admiral jrrhci piopolcd to go into the Pay with two Firft Rates, four cm//. .c.iue re- ■irns from mV'\\ N n n n Seconds, 64-2 NavalTratifa^tio7isofthcIing\\([x BookV. Some 'iliifi tin the l-'rcU' h Coa/l with Capiiiin Wa- 6«r. ihc'y^isen cr- dcn sir Gturge Rooke to proceed as he had pri'fofed. air GeorjiL- Rookc h.i.i U»ve to C(V.t on /i-r/■>/} J >id hnrever Sir flef.ge fro- neJ. Seconds, twelve Thirds, and fix Fourtli?, oi the Chanel Squadron and one Third, two Fourths, two Fifth, and two S.. rh Rates o't Sir Cloudejly ShoveU'Sy as alio two Bomb-VcfTcIs, which were all the Ships and VcfTcls at this time at Spithcad xcMly lor Service be- ing two Firll, four Seconds, twenty one Thirds, one Fourth, three FiVihs, and one Sixth Pvate, with live Bomb-Vcflels, ten Fircihios and three Moipiculs : But bcfidcs thelc, there were on the frcruh Coaft, under Command of Captain Charles IVagcr * one Third three Fourth';, one Fifth, and one Sixth, and by them a Ship of ^4 Guns was taken, but nioft of the trading VclTels, as well as their fmall Convoys, clcaped to Havre de Gracd Cherbourg^ La Home and the Ports along the Coaft ; And there were alio' one Ship of the Second Rate, four of the Third, and ten of the Fourth, delit-n- ed for the Fleer, which had not then joined the Admiral. That the intended Service might be the more elTcCt lully carried on, the Admiral propolcd that, if there Ihould be occalion for it Sir Clondijly Sbovell might lie olT of the lile of Vjhant with his Squadron, for that there the '^Dntch Ships dcfigncd to proceed wirh him to the Mediterranean might as well join him as on our Coall ■ but yet he was of opinion there would be no occafion for this ad- ditional Strength, if the huclligcuce of the Enemy's Preparation;^ could be depended on. The Lord High- Admiral having confidered t.ie'b Propel;,!,, di- reded him to obey Her Majefty's Commands; aid the ti^uecr \y». picalcu . order him to proceed on the aforementioned £xpedi:ioii. The I ft of May he received Diredions to fend a Fngat-i' v Difpatches to Mr. Methueu, Her Majefty's Envoy m Lidc., (v,,, was then treating the Alliance fomc time after conc!u'.^\" wuh t'.'s King of Portugal) and on the 4th in the Mornii '^ he was \ya.wx Sail, but contrary Winds p;.. -/red his getting clear of the Ifle of fVighfy and being at this time iivJilp'^f""'!, he defired leave to gc on Jhorc, yet offered to proceed ratiicr ihaa i,r Service iliould fuffer. Her Majcfty was pleau.". to gri' \iy \\n\; w ihis Rcqueft, and ilierc- upon Mr Churchill (Admiral of u,c Ltluc, and one of the Council to his Royal Highucfs) was ordered to take upon him theCommana of this part ot the Fleet, and to proceed on the intended Service, but Sir George not timely receiving leave to come afliore, went on, and was off" ot Portland the 6th of May., although he was not then, nor l()me confiderable time after, able to get out of his bed. On the 8th oi May he arrived with the Fleet off" of Tlimonth, where being joined by Vice Admiral Leake, he appointed a Rendez- vous for the 'Dutch Ships, in cafe they timely arrived, which, with the Wind W eftcrly, was 'Torbay, and from fifteen to twenty Leagues Weft from 'Vjhant, if it Ihould happen to blow Eafterly. He was not far from Ttimouth when he received the Lord High- Ad; nial's Confeut for his leaving the Fleet, but relolving ftill to proceed, he lent the Hampton-Court, a Third Rate, towards Spit- hi ad, to advile Admral Churchill that he was gone to Sea; the Afiei-vardt Kiiighied, mii4 a FlagOjficer. Captain BookV. » Chap.XIU. from the Teari 6 ^S, to 1^12. ^49 aiiel Siiuadron, li Rates oi \liii.h were all 01 Service, bc- : Fourth, three . ten Firciliips, un the fn-fic/j * one Third, m a Ship ot '4 s well as their irg, La f/ogue, io one Ship of Fourth, deiign- iir;il. cCtually carried occafioii lor it, y/v/;/? with his o proceed with > on our Coalt •, o« for this ad- ''s Prepar.itions : Propofa!;, di- the Qtiecr w,»: d Expedition. a Frii^at-: n - t Liihc .. (v,iM :!u'..'\' wuh k\-<'. S, he was unr'cr ir of the Ifle of ! leave to gc on Ihould fuffer. |ue(t, and iIcjc- ot the Council n the ComrnanQ itcnded Service, fliorc, went on, igh he was not ut of his Bed. r of Tlimuth, ntcd a Rendez- ;d, which, with twenty Leagues eriy. the Lord High- efblving ftill to , towards Sfit- nc to Sea ; the Captain Captain of which Ship not coming to him in time, he went on to fimouthy in Expedtarion of meeting the Fleet there. On the 9th of May^ about fifteen Leagues from VJlyattt^ the Ad- miral called a Council of the Flag-Officers, namely Vice- Admir J leakcy and Rear Admiral 'Dilkes, and his fird Captain, Captain James IVtJhart, who perufing the Inftrudlions from Her Majefty, and the Intelligence received from Breji of the Enemy's Preparati- ons, together with the Proje(St for a Dclcent in the Bay oiKerdoiit at the Mouth of the River of Bonrdeaux , determined to (end lome Frigates through the Race^ to gain farther Intelligence firom Bref} and to proceed with the grofs of the Fleet to Belle Ifle, (it ban^i judged unfafc to go farther lo early in the Year) and that from thence lonie Frigates fliould be detached as far as St. Martin's, to dilcover what the Enemy were doing in thole Parts. Captain Robert Fairfax * was fent the next Day on the afore- liid Service v/ith the Kent^ Monk, Medway^ and 'Dragon, who (l.;rmg along fliorc, parted within a Mile oi Conquet Road, where tiic;e was not any thing to be fecn but I'mall Craft ; but the Coaft was fortified with near thirty Guns, between Conquet, and St. Mat- the'^Si, Point. He ftood into the Sound without Breft, and to the ^^ Ejihvard of Caman t, but law not any thing there ; nor could he dilcovcr in the Harbour more than fix Sail ready for the Sea, three ot them from 60 to 70 Guns, and the others from 30 to 40. A Fiiherman was taken, who belong'd to a Ihsall Village about five Leagues from Breft, and he afftnu'd that there lailed from that Port, the Sunday before, four Ships or three Decks, under Command of Monfieur Cotlongon ; that there were between twenty and thir- ty n-.ore in the Harbour difarmed, and in the Road four Ships of War, and rwo Privateers ready to fail with Monfieur Tf Arte loir e. The Admiral was of Opinion that the Winds which carried Mon- licur Cotlongon to Sea, had given Opportunity to the other French Ships to lai! from the Ports in the Bay, lb that he could have but little Profpeft of doing any Service there ; and fince he was obliged by his Infirudions, as well from the Queen as the Lord-High- Ad- miral, to proceed as a Council of Flag-Officers and Captains iliould jjJge moft proper, he lummoned them the ixth in the Afternoon, w'lere were prefent befides the Flag-Officers and Captain JVijhart^ fe^'entecn other Captains. They confidering again the Queen's In- (iriidiinns, as alfo the Intelligence, particularly that from Captain Fairfax, concluded to lail as far as Belle Ifle, and that a De- tachment flioutd be fent from thence to St. Martinis, or ellewhere, for farther Advice of the Enemy, Belle Ille being appointed the Rendezvous fi-om the i6th to the loth oi May, and afterwards iu the Latitude of 46 and 47^ S. S. W. from Vjhant. The Fleet was prevented irora getting into the Bay by Southerly Winds Foggs, and Calms, and on the 15th the Medway was or- dered to chafe a Sail at lome Diftance, which Ihe took in the Af- ternoon. This Ship came from 'Pondicheri on the Coaft of Cor- * ^ftirwards fiie of the Council to thi Prinrt of Denmark, ■whtn Lord Hiih- Admiral. N n n n z mandeh The Admiral cMs a Coun- cil of War. Captain Fail - fax itnt for Intelligence. An Account of Shipi failed from BreU. Another Council of War callec' mM< iM il!, M h\ 644. NavalTranfaBionsofthcEng\[{[\ EookV. mandely and was bound to Port Louis with her Loading of Mullms and Callicocs, being the liime which was taken from us the lull War under the Name of the hired Ship Succefs. The 17th oi May the IFinchcjier^ 'Dover, and Litrhfclt^ plnni the Fleer, which two Days atccr got as far into the Jin' as the Seames \ but the Wind flying out very trclh ar S. S.VV. nnd S. W. obhgcd them to (land out again ; and the aforelaid Ship iT'nirhcjhr which was lent with the Ippjuich into the Station oil" of Vj'hain] retook the Sarah GMy of London loadcn with Sugar, Tobacco and Logwood from Virginia. The Wind coming about Northerly the icth, the Admiral Hopd into the Bay with the Fleer, and the Litchfield and T>ragoit fpcak- ing wiih a 'Dutch Galliot the 13d, they were informed by a French Lieurcnant, who was on board, and had taken her, that he law, the An Account Xuclday before, twenty fix French Sh\\^?, of War (landing Wdhvard, %l»drlTat the Land about Bonrdeaux then bearing E. by S. near fifteen Leagues off Upon this a Council of War judged it convenient to proceed xo Belle Illc, and that the Detachment dcfign'd to St. Martin's fhould nor be lent thither, until it v:iu!d be certainly known whe- ther the Kncmy's Ships were in rhofe ParcS) or gone to Sea. The 14th of May the Fleet arriv'd at 8elle Ifle, where there was not any thing to be Icon but fomc Filhuig Boats. As the Admiral was going in, he lent the Rcar-Adniiral with five Ships to the S. E. End 0.' the Illand, to intercept any Veffcls which might attempt to ccmc out that way, as he did the Berwick, IpfiDich, and Litch- fiiid to the Idand of Groy, or Grona- l>ing off of Port Louis, to iiirpri.' any Shipping which (hould bo found riding off rhar «»/{rX'/- ^^^^' which lail brought into the Fleet two fmall Barks taken from "im'ysShi^i. ambngd twenty that were bound Southward ixomlheji, but the Remamder, (except ibme which were ftraiulcd) with their Convoy of 14 Guns, got into Vort Louis. Hereupon, and upon what the Priibners rch'-''d, a Council of War of the Flags and Captains was called in BelL- Illc Road, who relblved ir was not advileablc to di- vide the Fleer, by fending a Detachment fa; ihcr into the Bay, fincc there were lo few Frigates, and even buc two of them clean, and that if the Fnemy were weaker they might go inro their Ports ar plealure, or if (Ironger, attempt us to Advantage; lb that ir was de- termined that the Dcrachment intended thither, and the Dcflgn of deft.oying the itnall Embarkations at the Ific «v 'Dien (the latter whereof would have been a fine Exploit indeed for a Fleet of Ships) ihouid be deferred until there could be a better Opportunity of ef- tedling it by a Squadron of clean Ships, wuh fixth Rates, and Bri- gantines, to luftain the Boats on that Service, for there was not Water, or room enough, for any Ships of Force to lie before the Fort. It was alfo refolved to put in Execution the Orders which the Ad- miral had received, oy repairing to the Station S. S. W. t'wmVjhaut, in the Latitude of 46 and 47, the better to meet with any of the Enemy's ^l..pc bound into or our of the Bay, and in cafr of Ealt- tfly Winds to ftvctch half a Degree more to the Southward, for thac thcuby Tht ritit flands into the Bay of Blicay. $«i The rtett liinti to Bell IjU. Mtlhoil: ta- A Council of War in Belle i!lt Road. Rtfolved It repair to a Staiioit tfl of »/fliant. 1, EookV. r Chap.XIII. from the Tear 1 6 ^S, to 1112. 64.$ 'ig of'Miillins JS the luU V/a,, ic llif as the • VV. niid S. VV "''1 of •!;//>„///, r, Tobjcco and Admiral Hood l^ragon Ipcak- cd by a French lat he law, the ciingWcdward, fifteen Leagues cnt to proceed St. Martin'^ ly known whc- ■ to Sea. 'here there was ^s the Admiral ips to the S. E. ight attempt to ch, and Litch. of Port Louis, riding off that irks taken from l^'t-eji, but rho li their Convov upon what the d Captains was adviicablc to di- tlic Bay, fiiicc hem clean, and ' I heir Ports at ^ that ic was f\c- i the Dcfign of ^ifii (the latter 1 Fleet of Ships) >orrunity of ef- Rates, and Bri- thcrc was not • lie before tiie 5 V'hich the hA- V. from 'T)jhai/t, ^ith any of the in cal*^ of Ealt- hwardj for thac thcicby '^^ thereby they might have a Profpcdt of meeting the French Squa- dron bcforcmcntioncd, if not gone from St. martin's ; but if the \\'inds came Wcfterly, it was judged moft advileable to proceed Nbrrh, lb as to keep the Chanel open, and thereby be the better abic to protedt our Trade. The 27. h of May the Tliragon took a Privateer of \G Guns and 6 Parereroe:, and ninety Men, at the South Eaft end of the Ifland, loadcn w ith fix hundred and fifty Hoglhcads of Sugar, and fifteen Barrels of Indigo from St. 'Domingo. From the time thac the Fleet came to an Anchor in Belle iHc Road, until the iQ of '^fiwc, it blew very hard, but two Days after the Admiral weighed with an Eafterly Wmd, and flood towards the appointed Station ; loon after which it came up Northerly, 16 that he was forced to ply thereinto ; and receiving Orders the fth by a Frigate called the Lyme, to detach two Ships for bringing our Trade oni Tortngaly he accordingly fcnt two Third Rates, the Northnm- ^ f^o^^y krland and Rejtaiirationy on that Service, which they fuccelsfully r"ljefr7m performed. I'omigal. About this time the Lord 'Z)//;^y7r)' *, who commanded the Lifch- ficU, a Ship of 50 Guns, coming from the Body of the Fleet in the HmudtngSi met with a French Ship of War of thirty fix Guns, and two hundred and fixty M'Mi, which, after a ftout Refinance, his Lordihip took, as alio a French Ship from Alartinicaj of zo Guns, both which he brought w ith him to iSpithcad\ and the Admiral ha- ving rclolved to (lay no longeron the Station than the loth oijune being defirous to be timely in England for any necelTary Service, he Ihaped his Courie homewards accordingly! and arrived at St. He- rhe AdmiiAk bi'i after a tedious FafTagc, the 11ft of the aforefaid Month, with '""'"; "'^' two Firft Rates, three Seconds, five Thirds, four Fuclliips, the IVil- lim and vl/ary Yacht, which attended on him, and an Holpiral Ship, having ordered the Medway and 'Dragon to cruife berwcca \\[iLiz.ard zxiAt\it Ram- heady and the .A/o;/^, Lyme, and Lowe- ji'if, on the Station he came from, to give any Ships that might bo lent to him an Account of his coming off And thus ended an Expedition with a great part of the Fleer, from which very little Advantage accrued, whatever might have been expedlcd ; and in ray poor Opinion a Squadron of fmall Ships might have had much bet- ter Succels. Alter Sir George Rooke had been at Spithead fome Days, the Prince lent him leave to go to the Bath for Recovery of his Health ; but before he left the Place, he tried at aCourt-Marcial two Seamen that had dclcrted the Service, who were condemned and executed; and this was the fiifl: Indance in a long Series of Time that the Ma- ritnnc Law was put in F'.xecution on luch Offenders. When he came to Town again he was appointed to convoy the: Areh Diiko Chat is (loon after declared King ci Spain by the tm- pc ithead, and '>•■.. thence t') Itshon; but before I enter on the Account of that F:xpcdition, 1 • Sow Farl oj Berkeley, and I .^tA.'.mtiAl c] l'r;;\,>nd. Wl U !;, 1- t I ij m I 64.6 NavalTranfaEHonsofthe Englifli, BookV. Cl!' will acquaint you with Sir Cloudejly Sbovell's Proceedings to and «, trom the MedfterraneaUy and in the firft Place let down the Iiiflru- t dions which he received for that Expedition. I jKihitithns t> i/r CluiHclly Shovcll IP fncctd t} I't MfJifcrr.ini."- an- 1703. RiUting to (J!)( Ccvenois. !>ah-n'orks at Peccais. To t::.ieAvo ir to jiiz.e?i\ei- mo. and, Mcffina. Chap. XIV. Conta'ni}yi{r an Acoimt of Sir Cloudefly Shovell'f Pvoceed- hi^s with a couftderable Part of the Fleet in the Medi- terranean, and of Damages done by the violent Storm ivhich happened at his Return to England. ON the 4rh of May 1703, Sir Cloudejly Shove II was dircdlcd by Her Majcfty, to proceed (when in the Mediterranean) to fho Coaft oiFrance^ and lie off of Teccais, and Port Cette on the Coaft of Langttedoc, and if he faw any Perfons on the Shore, to cblcrvc if they made Signals, if not to do the fame to them, ind finding them to be Friends, to lend his Boat for fuch as Ihould dc- firc to come o.T to him, that fo he might be informed of the Con- dition of the CevL-noisy a People who had for fome time taken up Arms againft the Forces of the French King, in Defence of their Re- ligion and Liberties. If he was fatisfied that they could convey ro their Companions any Powder, Bullets and Shoes (of the latter of which it is laid he had a confiderablc Quantity in the Fleet, and they in extreme Want of them) he was to fupply the lame as might be proper, and likewifc to furnilh them with Money. In the next Place he was to enquire whether it was fcafible todc- ftrtv the Salt- Works at 'Peccaisj and, in luch Cafe, to land fo m.i- ny Marine Soldiers as might be necelTary, to join fuch French as would willingly co-operate in the Attempt. z. This being done, or fo much thereof as fhould be found pra- 6licable, he was to proceed to 'Palermo in Siciiyy and there oblervc or tuakc ihc Signals as aforolaid, and if any Perfons were ready to receive him, to feud for fome of them, and concert the proper Me- thods of leizing on TaienHO^ and to afllft in the Attempt with the Ships «nd Uimlb-Vcircls, together with fuch Marines as miglit be uecelt'ary, as well as by all other Ways that Ihould be judged ex- pedient. 3. If he fucceeded in this, aitd that he found it pradlicable to take Mejjina^ he was in that, and in all other things to do h'S ut- moft towards adlfting thole People in freeing ihcmlclves from their Subjedlionto Franccy and the then Spanijh Government, and redu- cing the Ifland to the Dominion of the Houle oi Aujiria. 4. Then he was to proceed to the Coaft of Naples, and, To ajftfl thi hmfiror'i 'J I tops in Nj upon Signals made to him, to aflift thofc People in like manner ; and if he fliould find any Part of the Emperor's Army there, he was ib far to aflift the Officer commanding tnofe Forces, in reducing Nap* I I % nr any i!i oriic I us an I'o his I :(;r the V li hry, esy or W's Pfoceed- n the Medi- totent Storm , BookV. ft Chap. XIV. from thcT ccir i^^8, to 1712- 6^1 or any P-ut ot tliat Kiir^dom, as lliniilJ be rboaglit advilcablc, and, in order thcrcimro, to l.uid the Maiii.cv\ lupply tlicm wiih Mor- tiis and Cannon out ot the Ships wJ Veflels, and in all rcipcttsto do his uiiuoll to aliill the Emperor s Army, or any others declaring lor the Houlc oi /litjhia. ,-. li in his Way to Sicily he juda;cd ir nor proper to proccccd Iiiuilclt to Livortie, he was to lend a Ship thuhcr, and if there /■).?(. », liDulJ be fnmd any Pcilbn there by the AppoinrnKut of Pruicc .'■'"'" ^^■''"'' kuiciic ol davoy to conter with him, the Captain of liieh Ship was u comfp.nd to receive him, if ho dcfired ir, that lb an Account might be had -^nh fnmt fiom liim oi the DlTi^ds of the laid Prince, and the Admiral him- ^^"s^-'^''" icitl)C theicby the better enabled to affifl: in the Arrcmpts againfl the Kncmy ; in order whcreunto he was diredtcd to corrclpond with him, as he had Opportunities for it, and to comply with his Defircs i;i i\\ Things that mii^ht be fit and proper, regard being had to the Sjt'cty of the l-"lccc. 6, liy other Initructions, dated the 4th of May, he was ordered logo with the Fleet, or to detach loine Ships to the Coaft of Bar - kry, and (by virtue of the Power given him under the Great Seal) u) jiKhori/.e the Coni'uls of Algier, Tunis, and Tripoli, or fomc Pcr- loiis belonging to the Fleer, or others, to treat with thofc Govern- ^\'^'aTT\x- mws, for concluding a Peace, upon Terms and Conditions which nis, and Tri- wcre to be propoi'td, and thereupon to make the ulual Prcfcnts. P°'y- 7. If he coulil prevail with them to make War againfl: France, , , and that lome A6t ot Holtility was thereupon committed, he was, to pmaii on that occafion, to give iuch farther Prclents as Ihould be judged '^"'' '''"" " proper : And in cale of iuch a Rupture, and that the 'Dutch Admi- Frfnce^ " ral had Orders to treat a Peace with thofc Governments, he was to adift him in the Negotiation. He was alio ordered to detach two Ships, or more, to Livorne, vt& dirc«3cd by *erranean) to t Qette on the the Shore, to to theta, ^nd as fhould de- ed of the Con- time taken up cc of their Re- >uld convey to 3f the latter of 'lect, and they le as might be 3 ftaftble todc- o land fo ma- iich French as be found pra- d there oblerve were ready to he proper Me- :empt with the s as might be be judged ex- pradlicablc to , to do his ui- ves from their ent, andrcdu- Iria. les, and, upon launer; and if he was (0 far Jucing Napes, or lo treat a Peace with fomc time before his Return, with Orders to the Icnior Captain to Tofeizi shi/,! make ufc of all Opportunities of taking or deftroying any of the E- ^/jZL't lutZf neray's Ships going into, or coming out of that Porr, and to de- Livonjc. ujrc the realbn thereof to be, bocaule the Grand Duke had not ftritS- ly kept the Njutrality with relation to the French, nor done Right to Her Majetly's SubjecSts ; for which realon the aforclaid Command- ing Officer was to require an immediate Punilhment of the Gover- nor of Livorne, by removing him from his Employment. 9. Farthermorc, he was to require a pofitivc Declaration and Al- tj nda-M fuuuce from the Great Duke, that no Seaman, her Majcfty's Sub- ' ngiijl' s«a- kA, ihould tor the future be t^ctaincil by him againll his Will, but oll/'j/Vuf- jKtmittcd to embark frccK »m\ ho.ud the Qiiecii's Ships, or thole of i;aiiy. her Siibjedls, or AlliCh : And ii, upon thole Demands, entire Satis- tadion was not made, the Admiral was to return home by Livornci and by all ways pradticable to exadt it. 10. If he detached any Ships into the Adriatick Seas, purfuant to endeavout to other Inftrudlions he had or ihould receive, he was to order their (? ''''^r"^. Captains to take all Opportunities of deftroying any Fr^wf A Ships , J ^",^ vend- or VcfTels in the Venetian Ports, and to require from that State a tiui I'on. Rclealc of Her Majefty's Subjedls detained in their Ships, Gallies, ot 64B Naval l)\ifif anions of the llnglifti, BookV. ilif lira »■(•!■ t> -ir >Sl Jl.UV /(.«. t lit in. To I'cited : \.n-lvi an.t „••.•;/ e/ Ami! ,1. /«? c:,i.ii7., TI)OuliJii,cr. To eniltiX-our ta dejlr.i\i Frc-icli A/.j' ^•■'t:r:fi KCiXr GfliO.l. j-.-fe of ;'/■.■.■;. To n- '■,•. .1 'Inn' np. \ cidf!")', and rfVtvd dc 'if. («| ."(•>•- '■■II'. t • !r.:lt the liC' r'l a t'ner.iii-i "lO disrnand : iXiiifaffian il id t.rtatid Oy Xc.iters. or Dominiin.s; and in cmIc oF Rc'iiIjI, to ciu!c.ivoiir to nk; tl-cir Siibjcdi. o'.it of ili'.ir Ships, and to dct;ii!i tlicin iiiuil riir^ were ckarcd, < thcrwifc to briiij^ them to Eiv^Liud. Aiul Iv \\,t? f.nthcr to require «)!• tlicin immrdiatc Satisfaction, mid Rcpai.uio!i, tor tlic Sliip a:t.! I 'vidiii;"; liv. y lufTcrcd to h ■ l>iiriir hy tlic French at Mnhu m.nio^ or il' tiicy rctuicd, to do Ins b.il L',iu!::avours to i.mkc llei li- /.als on tliciji. If. By oilier Iiidriltlioiis rrj;ht be nccclLiry ibr their S.itay, aiij allotted |uvriealar Convoys to }>m) n.,\ (J)iiJi/mt:uoi.'li\ and Sc^niHeroov^ he Ihonid proceed wiih the l\eiiiaind;?r ot the Fleer, Eni'Jijh and 'Dnfcb, to Ui: Coalls o!" Naples .uul Sicily, and there rail a Couneil of War ot'ilic Flags ot" both Nations :uid alio ot the Colonels, or Cotnmariders in Chief .t the RcL;iinenrs or M'rincs and Land Forces, and with clieiu confii'er how he might belt alliii: the F.mperor's Forces in thole Parrs, not on- ly with tliL' Ships, liut the !aid Mamie Soldiers, Moiravs-, and Gnus, in any Atteinpr. t!ie laid Forces of' the F^iiipcror, or otlurs in favour of th uith agreed e Houle oi Aujhia iliould make, and to join, and eo-opcr.rc them in annoying the- Fiucmy according to what ihoul i be II. It was alio rcconimcndcd to him to take all Opjioitnnirics of attacking Cadiz-, Ti'ittlon^ or any Place on the Coal! oi' Fr^mcc, or Spaif/, as alio ihcir Ships, Gallic^ or Magr/iric-', provided liich Attempis might not intcrru[)t the principal Service he was going upon. 13. Ii lie got Intelligence that the Ffcnc/j had any conflderabic Magazines near Genoa, and a Council of War Ihould agree that by landing Marines at "Porto Upczza., (a little Town belonging to the Repnblick oi Genoa) or ciicwhcre, ihcy might be dcflroy'd, he was to lurthcr the Attempt, by giving all poliiblc Allilbncc and Pro- tection to the Men, in their landing, and rcimbarking, lo far as the lame mij^ht be confident with the Safety of the Ships. 14. F4e had liberty to apply any Pri/c, Provifions, or Stores, to the iile of the Seamen, with the Privity of the Prize-Officer in the Fleet, but to keep an exad' Account thereof. !•;•. If he Ihould want Water, or other Refreflimen-ts, he was em- powered to make a Truce, and to treat with the Enemy for a Sup- ply ; and he had liberty to gi\ e Rewards to dclcrving Perions for extraordinar)- Services done in die Expedition, out < f the Money atlvanccd tor defraying the Contingencies of the Fleer. 16. It was lecomnacnded to him to treat the Subjcdls of the Grand Seignior, and all other I-Vincxs and States in Amity with Her Maje- Ih", or the Srarcs (icncral, in a friendly manner, and to take the bell care be coukl that the ""Dutch did not molefl: any of our laid Allies, though not in Friend'hip with them, lint if he hr.ppcn'd to meet with ill Treatment ironi any Neuter Nation, or that ihoy al- flHcti the Enemy* and rctuicd the like to liim when he might have cccafioij, he was o uciuand Satisiiadtion, and to take it by force if teluled ; "j^~^ H Chap. XIV. from thcTcar i6j^8, to 1712. 6..j to tik; their til riiM were ; w.t; hi: her liott, tor tlic iich ar iU^A/. make Kcj li- ! I lie t\\ v'C h<: Mcrcliaiit tlicr ruits as ular Convoys proceed Willi ill.: Coalh of f tlic Flags of rs in Chief if tliciii tonfulcr Pi'.ri';, not ou- rs, and Guns, UTS n\ fivour id co-oj>cr:rc lat thoiili be porrunitics of il ol" Frafjcr, provided itich 10 was going confidcrablc agree that by onuing ro the r(ty'd, he was ncc and Pro- lo tar as the or Srorcs to Officer in the lie was cm- ny for a Siip- '^ Pcrlons for f the Money of the Grand th Her Majc- d to take the y of our laid c happcn'd to that I hoy ai- c might i;.n'c it by force if vclulcd ; refilled ; though this was only to be done in his PafTagc down the Unrii^hfs. 17. When he had performed fuch Services as he was able foi the Aiivaiif.igc of Hci Majclly, and Her AMic"^, he was to confidcr at a Cmmcil of War the uioll proper time for rerurnint; home, and of the Ivrt means of raking on hoard the Guns, Mortars, Imall Arras, and Ordnance Stores, and alio the Marine Soldiers, unlcis he Ihould find it nee flary, and for the Service of Her Majerty's Allies to n ttn/!Jir k-avc the Gnns or Mortars, Carriages, linall Anns, or Ordnance- ■"i">f '"'■^it*i Stores, or any part of them on Ihorc. And he was alio to confi- Z'f/r /'« Tt* dcrwhat Services might be done by annoying fhc Enemy in h\& '»rn hrmt. Return hoiue, but to have a regard to join the Ships detached for Convoys, or on particular Services, and to bring with him all the fradc that could be gotten together. iH. If he received good Intelligence that any French Ships were to niit, er in the Adriatick Sea, inolefting the Emperor's Convoys for // Difcretion to do otherwilc upon any fpecial Occafion. And now the twelve Ships of the States-General being join- ed hiin, and no Prolpedt of any more ixom Holland^ he was order> cd, on the i6th of June, to fct fail with the firft Opportunity of Wind and Weather, and to do his utmoft to put his InftruAions in Execution, to perform which (how pradicable foever the Services ordered might be) would have required a much longer time than h« hi to remain abroad with the Fleet. It was thought neceflary to ftrengthen him by eight Englifh J*' *?«'"'''<"» Ships more, and the lyth of June he was ordered to take them"^'^"*** *"* " with him in the Condition they were, that lb no Delay might be made. But if the French, when he was in the Mediterranean, (hould find thciiilclves inferior to him in Strength, and therefore attempt to re- pals the Str eights, he was to haye a careful Eye on them, and en- p"/„"^'"//*' davoar by all pofTible means to hinder their coming towards 'For- faffin;; tht tir^al, or rheic Seas : Or if they ihduld happen to get through the itteightr. heights, ii ■ was ro follow them, firfl: making a Detachment of lb many Ships as Ihould be thought requifite, and he could (pare, for Services towards Ital^, mentioned in the aforegoing lufttu(^iuns. O 00 6 ^^' ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGr (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 Uilli 125 mm mil m m u IL25 II 1.4 ■ 2.0 Pi '# 01^ yl 7 ?»v/ < Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRliT WnSTER.N.Y. MSM (716) S72-4S03 '^ -y^-^' 6so NavalTranfaBionsofthcEngWih, BookV. !iif rioniicfly Sliuvell /aiii. Obliged to biir up for Torbay. A French Shif taken by Capttin Nor- ris. Anothtr t*- xen by Cap- tain Clevc- I-.nd, »nd a third by Captain Nor- ris. The jidmiral faiUd again. Sir Thomas Hardy takes a Ship. By what hath been laid it appears that there was Work more than enough cut out for Sir Cloudejly Shovell ; for fince he lailcd not from St. Heletii before the ift oijuly, that he was required by Orders from the Lord High Admiral, (agreed to in Council) to re- turn down i)\c Strekbts Ibme time xn September., and that the Dutch Admiral was obliged by the States General, his Maftcrs, to be at home with the Squadron under his Command in November^ there was not Opportunity of complying with many things contained therein. However, that it may appear how far he endeavoured fo to do, I refer to the following Account of his Proceedings. Having received his final Inftrudlions both from Her Majefty, and his Royal Highnefs, he let iail from St. Helen's the ift oi July, ear- ly in the Morning, but fince feveral of the Ships which were ap- pointed for rhc Expedition could not timely get ready, he defircd that the ftridcft Orders might be given for their proceeding after him to the Rock of Lisbon, the Place of Rendezvous, that fo the Service might not be delay 'd by his flaying there in Exjjcdlation of them. He endcavour'd to beat it out of the Chanel, but being got as farWeftward as Fowey, with a Fleet of about two hundred and fif- ty Sail, of all Ibrrs, Englijh ar.ii 'Dutch, the Wind came about from the South to the S. W. and W. S. W. ib that it was impoflible for him to keep the Sea with the Merchant Ships, and therefore he bore up for Torbay, from whence he fent his clean Ships to cruife in ie- veral Stations againfl: the Enemy, and to protedl the Trade, Captain John Norris of the Orford, who had been cruifing with the Mountague in the Soundings , joined the Admiral in Torbay^ having after an Hour's Dilputc taken the Thelipeaux of 36 Gups, II Patcreroes, and two hundred and forty Men. Her Captain be- haved himfelf well, and liirrender'd not until he had near nfty Men killed and wounded, and his Ship much torn. The Orford had eight Men wounded, and lome of them very delperately too ; and her Mizen mad, Fore-maft, and Main-yard being fliot through, were wholly difabled. The Mountague, commanded by Captain IVtU Ham Cleveland^ had alio the good Fortune to take the Ship (he chafed, of 18 Guns, and one hundred and ten Men, but in the Pur- fiiit the French Captain threw moft of her Ordnance over-board ; and the Or/ord ioon after took another French Ship which had 16 Guns mounted. The Admiral failed from Torbay the very firft Opportunity which offered, and on the 13 th oi July the Grafton joined him, as Sir Thomas Hardy did in the Bedford two Days after, who having been on the S W. of the Fleet, took a Ship of the Enemy's from the IVeJt-Indics of about one hundred and twenty Tuns, loadcn with Sugar. And about this time Captain Robert Bokenham, who com- manded her Majcfty's Ship the Chatham of yo Guns, being ahead of the Admiral, about Two in the Morning, fell in with two French Ships of War called the Jafon, and the Auguflc, which getting be- tween him and the Body of the Fleet, he engaged them, at the Di- (lancc of about Piftol mot, but when it was broad Day- light, they feeing Chap.XIV. fromtheTear 16^8, to 1712. ^51 feeing our Strength left him, and endeavoured to make their Elcapc, whereupon he chafed them, and coming within GuM-ihot about Noon, [hey exchanged their Broadfides at each other, mean while fcveral other Ships of the Fleet had an Opportunity of getting near him. Ac Five in the Afternoon the French Ships ieparated, and about Eight at Niglit the JVorceJier of 5-0 Guns, commanded by Captain thomas Bntkr, engaged the Jafon, while the Chatham was in fight with the Augiijle^ but it proving little Wind, Ihe rowed from her at ibtiie Diftance. At Nine at Night the Greenwich came along fide of the Augufte, and engaged her until One a Clock, at which time Ihc being much difabled, and the Medway^ another Ship of 50 Guns, commanded by Captain James Littleton., coming up, Ihe ftruck, ^ French having 5-4 Guns mounted, and four hundred and twenty Men, com- ,ftuSfte raandcd by the Chevalier Nefmond; and being a very good Ship, ,Aktn. not above twelve Months old, (he was added to our Royal Navy. The i6th the Admiral had fi^hr of Cape Finiflerre, to which Station the Wind continued Eaftcrly, and from thence he fent a proper Convoy with the Trade bound to the fcveral Ports in Tor- tu^al. The ixd Vice- Admiral Leakey with five Ships from Eng/and, V''-'- Admit di joined the Fleer, and the X4th the Admiral lent two of our Frigates J/"f/,j^'''"* with the 'Dutch to ftreng hen their St. Vbes Convoy, arriving him* felf in the Evening at Cajcais^ the Entrance into the River of Lis- The Fleet ar- hn, with all the Fleet and Merchant Ships, having gather'd up his 'J^' *' ^"" Cruifers in his PafiTage. From thence he lent a Letter to the King of fortugal by Vice-Admiral Fairborny and feveral of the Nobiliry and Gentry came on board the Fleet, among whom it was reported was, incognito, the King himfelf The 15'th a Council of War was held of Englijb and *Dutch Flag- a coumii */ Officers, by whom it was refblved to remain at Cafeais until the ^" "'""'' 19th, to take in Water, and then to proceed into the StreightSy the Place of Rendezvous being Altca Bay, but in cafe of a hard £a(l- crly Wind, that of Almeria in Granada ; and the Flags a|: this Conncil of War were, Englijhy The Admiral, Vice-Admiral Leakey Vice-Admiral Byng. 'Dutchy Admiral Allemondey Vice-Admiral Vandergoet, ^ Rear- Admiral IVaffenaer. Being joined the x/th by the Orfordy Monmouthy Hampton-Courty fmbrokcy ^vA Litchfield y and by x\it Najfau the a9th, he \y^' j^mnLTuit. moored the 30th, ia order to profecute his Voyage, but ibme time before he formed his Line of Battel, wherein the Tyutch (as ufual) O o o o 1 were 6 $2 NavalTranfaihonsofthe^nglifhy BookV. were to lead with their Star-board, and the Englijh with their Lar- board Tacks on board. Linit/Baitit. The Streogth of the Englijh. N°. Guns each. Total of Guns. 4 of 17 — 70 ;>> — 1^14. 3 — 60 4 — 50 96 80 befides five fmali Frigates, four Fireihips, four Bomb-Veflels, and a Pink. N". I of X 3 S — I The 'Dutch. Guns each. Total of Guns. 86i. befides two fmall Frigates, three Firefliips, and three Bomb-VelTcIs. So that there were forty feven Ships of the Line of Battel, witfi twenty two others, and the Number of Guns of the faid Ships of the Line were 3376. Thi Admirti With this confiderabic Fleer, and the Trade, the Admiral failed /4i/', and rt- from Co/cais the 31ft of July, and came off Cape S^artel/t\\e 4th '//Jh^Enmy-', ^^' ^«^«A whctc hc met with a frefli Levant Wind. Here Captaia shifs. Norrts joining him, gave him m Account that there were twelve French Gallies at CadiZy but none of their Men of War on the Spa- nijh Coafts ; and he had alfo Intelligence by Sir Thomas Hardy that twenty two great Ships had jpaflcd by F<»rtf from JVeft-France into the StreightSy and that the Conful there was informed they had a- bove forty Ships of War at Thoulon. The (Irong LevaKt Winds forced him into Tangier Road the 9th oi Auguflj but failing aga-'o the ixth, he arrived xnAltea Bay, the Place of Rendezvous, the 3 id; and having pretty well watered the Fleet, (wherein he met with AHldauce rather than Interruption from iht Spaniards) he failed the 3d oi September y and not having Intelligence of any French Ships in thoie Seas, he lent forward the TurkyTr'«"»^'» '» Day at fartheft, Wind and Weather permitting; but I will leave them "'"'" '"'"'• X for .1 65+ NavalTranfdHons of theJingWfh, BookV. for a while, and give lomc Accouac of what pafTcd at Livorne du ring the Admiral's being there. He anchored in the Road the 19th of Septembn\, in the Night, (as I have already acquainted you) and next Day in the Afternoon the Town fired five Guns, foon after which the Governor lent off Ibmc Officers to welcome Sir Ctoudejly Shovell into thole Parts, and to acquaint hina that the five Guns from the Town was intended a Salute to the Queen of England's Flag. This not giving Satisfa- i)i>-./f ahni <^'0"» he fent him Word he was much liirprizcd at it, and that he JJuulat'u- could not receive any Compliment, nor admit ol; any Vifir, until votnc. due Honour was paid to Her Majefty in this Point. Anfwcr was made that they gave no more Guns to Sir John Narbrough^ the Duke of Graftoiiy nor Admiral Aylmerj who all bore the fame Flag. But here it is to be obferved, that the Cafe was very diffcrc!>t; for although Sir Cloudcjly Shovel's Flag was the lame with thoic they bore, yet it was accompanied with ieveral others, both Englijh and 'Dutchi whereas their's were Tingle. Next Day Sir Lambert Blackwelly Her Majefty's Envoy, came on board the Admiral, and informed him that fcveral Couriers had paffed to and from Florenccy in relation to the Salute, and it took up three Days before any Refblution was taken by the Grand'Duke\ but on the Z4th the Englijh ViceConful, with the Captain of the Port, came aboard from the Governor of Livorne^ who proraifed, that the Citadel, from whence all Salutes are made, Ihould nre eleven saiutis agreed Guns, if thc Admiral would engage to return Gun for Gun, which he affured them fhould be done, whereupon they went immediately i- fhore, and thc Salute was accordingly made, and aniwered, ioon after which the 'Dutch Admiral faluted the Citadel with eleven Guns, they returning the fame Number. The i8th the Count de Lembergy AmbafTador from his Imperial Majefty at Romct came on board the Admiral, and acquainted him that the Arch duke was proclaimed King of Spainy whereupon he and the reft of our Flag-Officers fired twenty one Guns each, and all the other Ships fineen; the *Dutch firing likewife, foon af< ter the Ambaftador had rowed along the Side of their Admiral, for he did not go on board of his Ship. The Winds continued Wefterly, and Southerly, with hard Gales, which obliged Sir Qloudefiy Shovell to remain at Livorne until the id of 06fobery when a Levant fpringing up he failed, but it failing The Fleet pre- foou after, he met with great Difficulty in getting Weftward of Cor- ceedi hmt- Jica^ where he arrived not before the loth of Off ober: And before wdrds. |jg c^jjgj fjQjjj Livorne he writ to the Great Duke, demanding Sa- tisfadlion, in Her Majefty 's Name, as he was direded, who promi- fed fair, but performed little. captaitii de- The Day he parted from the laid Port of Livorne, he gave Orders puled to treat fo Captain Swanton * of the Exeter to proceed with feveral Ships to w'r^ipoil '^'^"'^ ^^^ Tripoli, and commiffioned him and Captain jirris^ toge- ther with the Confuls at thole Places to renew and confirm, in Her ufon. Guns fiitd up- on the Arch- duke i being proclaimed i-'wjo/ Spain, * Since Comptroller of the Wdfy. Majefty 's Chap. XIV. from the Tear 16^8, to 1112. 6ss Dcpmat'ton t» trial with the Emfiror of Morocco, MajcdyV Name, the Treaties of Peace and Coinnicrcc with them, and toiiclivtr Her Majefty'sPrclcuts. When that was done Capt. lycca//- (M, together wirh the Tartar^ was ordered to join the Smyrna Convoy ai that Place, and Captain Arrisy with the Flamborough^ aiiiircrr-^A'Kirclhip, to 'ii\\\.o Cyprus ^wdkScandcroon^ toftrcngthen the Convoy to the Trade there; but the Exeter and Tartar met nor thole they were lent in Search of The Admiral bcini; got as low as the Ifland of Corjica before- Rear-^,tmi~ niciuirncd, he ordered Rear Admiral Byiijfy with five Third Rates '-""^vig <•;• to [rocccd to /llgter^ and renew the Peace with that Government, treat uiththt and after he had io done to join the Fleet, if podible, before he Aigcrints. one rhiough the StrcigbtSy otherwilc to make the bed of his Way fo England. On the nth, between Nine and Ten at Night, there arofe a fud- driiS'^ormof Wind, with Lightning, Rain, and Thunder, which did coiifiderabie Damage to the Ships in their Marts, Sails, and Rig- gini:;, but it laftcd not long; lo that the Fleer jogging down the StreigbtSy they were off A/tea the iid, where they anchored, and n$ rittt laiuicj between three and four hundred Marines, to protect; the Men """" " ^'' employed in filling Water. The Admiral having promiled the Alcayd of Alcazar^ that when he returned down the otreights he would offer to him Articles for Peace between Her Majefty and the Emperor of Morocco^ he ac- cordingly empower'd Mr. Tertius Spencer^ a Merchant in Barbary^ to prelent them, and by Letter to the Alcayd excufed his not calling CD him; for being obliged to proceed forthwith home, he ocdered Sir Thomas Hardy in the Bedford, together with the Somer/ety and Lizard, to rtretch a-head, and having put the Papers aihore at Tangier, to make the beft of his Way to England, if he could not timely join the Fleet. The 17th the Admiral met with a Ship of y^/^;Vr, of i6 Guns, be- Thi Admiral calmed in the Streights Mouth ; and fmce the 'Dutch had War with ^ATgeHne* that Government, he protected her until liich time as they were from tht all part by ; and bcmg informed that there were (everal Merchant Dutch. Ships in the Ports of Tortugal, which waited for Convoy to Eng- land, he ordered Sir Andrew Leake in the Grafton, with another Third Rate, a Fourth, a Fitth, and a Firclhip, to proceed to Lis- hn, and to protcd the faid Trade to the Downs. The Fleet arrived off of the Iflc of IVight the i6th of November^ the Dutch having crouded away for their Ports, and foon after the Admiral came to an Anchor in the Downs, who during the whole ^*« riut^r Voyage met with liich favourable Weather (except the fhort Storm Down".'*' bctbrcmentioned) that the Ships were little the worlc for the Ex- pcdjcinn, but many of the Men were fick and weak, and not le(s than fifteen hundred died; but before he made the Land Captain Mirris in the Orford, a Ship of the Third Rate, together with the IVarfpigbt of 70 Guns, and the Litchfield of jo, being ahead of the Fleer, gave Chale to a French Ship of War, and beginning to engage about Eight at Night, the Diipute continued until Two in the Morning, when having lort her Fore- top- mafi* and all her Sails, and t I»li' 6s6 NavalTranfaSionsoftheEn^Vifh, BookV. A French and hcf (landiDg and running Rigging bcine much (hattcred, flic ti'/nnlti- ^'"^'^- ^'^'^ Ship came from Newfoundlandy was commanded by uus $aktn. Monficur de la Riie„ was named the HazardouSy and had $o Guns mounted, with three hundred and feventy Men, but had more Ports and was larger than any of our 60 Gun Ships, fo that fhc was rc> gifter'd in the Lift of our Royal Navy. Chap. XV. • Contaimrig an Accotdnt of the Damages ciofie by the violent Storm in 1703. A' S it hath too often happened to Merchants, that when their _ _-. Ships have been almoft in View of the dcftgn'd Port, fome Unlucky Accident hath dafhed all their hopes, and entirely deprived them of the Icnged-for Loading, lb it almoft fared with Six Cloudejly Shovelly and the Ships of War which failed with him from the *Dowtis towards the River, which were the Triumph^ AjfociatioHy and St. Georgey Second Rates, and the Cambridge^ Rujffel, 'Dorfet- Jhircy Royal Oaky and Revenge^ of the Third Rate ; for on the 27rh Day of Novembety between the Hours of Two and Five in the Morning, when he was at Anchor at the Gunfleety a violent Storm arofe at W. S.W. the like whereof hath fcarcely happea'd in the Memory of Man. To delcribe the many unhappy Accidents which attended this Temped, is altogether impoHlble ; and there- fore fince thofe who were both Ear and Eye-Witnelles to it on ihore, mud doubtlels retain a lively Scnle of its Fury, I (hall only relate what Damages the Publick luftained at Sea, without particu- larizing the great Lofles of the Merchants in their Shipping, and of the Nation, by the unhappy drowning of fo confiderablc a Num- ber of our Seafaring People. mma^is /«- Sir Cloudejly Shovell himfelf veered out more than three Cables fi*mti in tht of his bcft Bower, but it was not long before the Anchor broke. Soon after the Tiller of the Rudder gave way, and before the Rud- der itfelf could be fccured, it was torn from the Ship, which fliook her Stern-Poft fo much, that flie proved very leaky, inlbmuch that four Chain, and one Hand Pump were conftantly employ'd to keep her free. This obliged them to let go the Sheet-Anchor, and to veer out to it all the Cables, but even that did not ride the Ship, for (he con' inued driving near a Sand called the Galloper y the Breach ihe Admiral whtteof was in their Vicw. In this Extremity the Admiral ordered 'MainZV/'' ^^^ Main-maft to be cut by the Board, by which the Ship being ' 'inmaj. j^^^.}^ eafcd, flie rid faft; but four of the eight which came out of the 'Downs wit! him were mifline, namely tht Affbciatiotiy Ruffely Revenge^ and 1>orfetJhirei of which I come now to give an Ac- count. isttrm. Sir BookV. H Chap. X V. frotn the Tea r i(^^8, to 1712. 6^1 Sir Sl afar d Fairioni J Vice A^hmnl of the Red, had his Flag '^•^'"^""on flying in the jlffociation^ and her Cable parting about Four in the 'h',l'A„{'iZi. Morning, the Pilot let go the Sheet- Anchor, and vecr'd out a Cable -«./ pn «»' and a hal^i but the Ship not lool^ing towards it, ftie drove about Se- <^;''"en')"f|ii veil in the Morning over the North End of the Galloper^ in eight Fathom Water, where there broke againft her lb great a Sea, that it made her lie along for Ibmc time, w ithout any hopes of her right- ing again. The Ship loon drove into deeper Water, and dragged her linall Dower Anchor, with the bcft Bower, and Sheer Cables; but at length, by the help of a Piece of the Sprit-lail, (the Wind be- ing too violent for more) they wore her, and brought her to with her Head Northward. The 17th at Night they drove with Yards and Topmafts down, and the next Morning judged themlclves drawing near the Coaft of Holland^ Ibrae of the other Ships being then in fight making the bcft (liiic for themlclves they could. In line, it was not without the greateft Difficulty and Hazard, that the Vice- Admiral got away with her at length into the Harbour of Cottaiburgh, towards which Place he lomctimcs drove, and fometimcs failed, as Winds and Weather would pmit. He arrived there the nth oi'Decembery having for (bme time being given over as loft, for there was not any News of him until 1 received his Letter, which bore that Date, he having loft three Anchors, and five Cables, together with the Longboat and Pinnace; and the great want of Provirions,and otherNeceflaries in that cold Coun- try, mightily pinched the poor Men who had liiftcred io much before. Being furnifhed from Copenhagen (and that in a very friendly man- ner) with what Anchors, Cables, and other things were necefTary for the Security of the Ship in her PafTage home, he arrived at the Gunflcet the 15th oi January (the Place he was driven from in the violent Storm) with feveral Merchant Ships under his Convoy ; where he had not been long at an Anchor, e'er another fcvere Gale of Wind happen'd, which Uiight have been well accounted a Storm, had not the prodigious Violence of the other , and its dreadful Ef- fcds, been frefli in Memory ; but it pleafed God the Ship rid faft without farther Damage. The Revenge^ commanded by Captain IViUiam Kerr, was like- '^'" Revenso wife forced from her Anchors, and drove over the North End of the '^J"'*"'""- Galloper in Icfs than four Fathom Water, as her Captain gave aa Account ; and as fbon as Day appear'd, the j4ffoc'iatmi, Rujfell^ and -Dorfetjhire were in flight of her, driving with their Heads to the Southward. Captain Kerr fbme time after put for Helvoet- Sluys, on the Coaft of Holland, having neither Anchors nor Ca- bles, but the Wind duilering, he could not reach that Harbour, fb that he flood off again, and Ibme time after meeting with the Not- tiu^ham, (which Ship, as well as others, was fent out with Anchors, Cables, (^f. to affift thole in Diftrcis) he by that means chop'd to 3D Anchor in Southwold Bay, and afterwards brought his Ship fafc into the River Medway. The Rulfell was in like manner forced from the Gunfleet ; for t^' R"l"eil betweenTwelve and One at Night her bcft Bower Cable parted ; where- ^col'jL'f^l P p p p upon i.ind. 65B ISlav^llrwiJiiWo7JsoJthc'hng\i(hy BookV. upon Captain I/aac Tozi»/tf/d *, her Coinmamlcr, let go the Shcct- Aiulior, and linall Howcr, bur thole could not luflain ihc Violence of tlic Wind. At Four in the > ornina he was ohlii^cd to tut awav his I.oiig-boar, and immediately after iofl his Rudder, which caulcd a leak ill the Srcrn-Poll, and much Water came inro the IJrcad and lilli Rooms. In this Diftrels the I*oop and Qnaiter-Dak (inns were thrown oNcrboard, the better to draw thcWaiir to the I'unips by poifing the lore part of the Ship, whieli was much lightncd by the want of the Anchors and Cables ; and this had, in a great mcalurc its dcfired Rflcdl. On Sunday the Wind was at W. N. W. and n' W and u hcini; jiid,;cil thai tiie Ships d:cw near to Gorec^ it was cnn- cluckd that llic niiiU iiiiavoidabl) elii\e on Ihorc by Midnight. The Caprain therctoi. oidercd two Guns to be flung with the Top- Chains, and made tlum fifl to tlic Sheet Cables, that lo her Diiit to the I.and might be tlio (lower; and at Six at Night falling into twelve and tour ccn taihorn Water, Ik- had fght of a Light, which he took to be cirlier the llland oiCJorce, ox of Schoweii. At half an Hour part Ten the Ship came into Icvcn Fathom Water, and then her Commander let go his Stream, and fiapt it to a Kedgc Anchor in hopes the Cable whieh the Guns were made faft to, and this veered to the better end, would ride her in lb Ihoal Water, bur (he came Head to Wind in (ivc Fathom, and, dragging all home, tailed inro four, when Hie ftruck twice, but not violently. The Water deepcn'd to five, fix, (even, and eight Fathom, and ir was very imooth, but the Stream Cable loon broke, and caft the Ship North- ward, lb tbit ihc drove with the Wind on the Beam, and a great Breach was Icen right to Leeward ; whereupon they cut away the Cables, and let her Fore fail and Forctoplail, with all pr (Tibk Di- ligrnic, by which they were in four Fathom and a half; and imme- diately the Ship ftruck, but Iwimming ftill by the Stern, the Blow put her right before the Wind, and lo Ihc miraculoufly got over the Shoal, after (he had touched leveral times. The Water loon dccpcn'd from four to twelve Fathom, and then became gradually lower, un- til they pitched her on Ihorc on the Ouze, about two Miles below JlclvoctSlnjs^ a little after Three in the Morning; from whence, by the great Pains, and particular Induftry of her Commander, Ihe was gotten off, and put in a Condition to come to England in ht- tic time. The fourth Ship which was thus driven from the Cunfleet was ihc 'Dor/etfl^ircy mounted with 80 Guns. Capxiiu Edward /rhit- taker |, her Commander, found himlclf under luch Circumftanccs as not to be able to fee any Sail, but was forced to lie at the Mercy of the Sea, and Wind, which drove him diredly upon the Tail ot the Galloper, where Ihe ftruck three times, but received little or no Damage. He made a very hard ihift to keep the Sea, and arrived at the Nore the ijth oi' December, having in his Paflage taken up a Imall Bower Anchor and Cable which belonged to another Ship, The [Icirfct- (liKC in vir-j grcit il.tii^er. * S'mct a Commtjfiarter of the Na-vy. \ Since Knighted, and a tlag-Ojjicer. and from Chap. XV. from the Tear 1^58, to 1-712. 6^9 and were cl very great Service to him, for he had loft moft of his o'.vn. Thefc Ships and thofc which rid faft at the Cuufleet, miraculoufly cicapcd, bur it fared nor (o well with the Men of War and Merchant Ships in the Urjjns. Of the former there were loft on the Good- '^'"r '"fl >" 'u/« Sands the it/rfrv, a Ship of 60 Gnus, »nd the NorthuMhT/aNd,[illTZr. Rejlaurat ion , and Sterling CajHe^ each of 70 ; nor were there AAmint more than eighty Men laved of the whole Number which belonged "'•"""""■ to them, Rear Admiral Beaumonty whole Flag was flying in thc'"'^" ' Mary^ perilhed a:noiig the reft : A Gentleman who was very much limenrcd, and that ddcrvcdly too ; for he was not only every way qujiiiicd to lervc his Country, but was thus unhappily fnatcli'd awav even in the Piimc of his Years. Alrhough the Prince George j where Vice- Admiral Leake's, Flag ^''"^ WIS flying, as alio the Effexy Sbrcwsbiiryy Eaglcy Contenty Chat- ',""'!,, hm, j4j/i//ance, Mary Gaily, and Hunter Firelhip, happily rid it our in the 'Dowis, with all their Mafts ftanding, yet the NaffaUy a Ship of 70 Guns, cut away her Main-maft, the Guardtand and T)Hn-Ji'tclj all rheir Mart , as the 'PoJiiliiott-'Frisie did her Main and Mizcn ; and flicrc were five great Ships, with two Imall ones, Iccn ridiii;; ro the North warn with all their Mafts by the Board. Ir was a mifcrablc Sight to behold many of the Ships in the 'do-j^j'ts ; for as they were almoft torn in pieces by the Violence of tlie Wind, lb was it not poftibic ro give them any help from the Shore, even when they were in the grcatcft Extremity, and conri- Dually firing Guns for Relief; befides the Wind was at W. S. W. and (hey could not puftibly carry a Knot of Sail to enable them to cling the Shore, fo that many of them perilhed on the Goodwin Sands, and of about one hundred fixty Sail, of all Ibrts, which were in the Downs the Day before, not more than leventy were feen the next Morning, and many of them were only floating Bottoms, for all their Mafts were gone by the Board ; but feveral of the Merchant Ships and VelTcls miffmg were atrerwards heard of cither in Ho/landt Nor'svayy or the Ports of this Kingdom. Among the Ships at Spit heady the Vefuvius Firefliip was ftrandcd '■'iffiMxiont near SouthfeaCaJiley but her Men were all faved, and flie was Ai- '"^i""'"'^ tcrvards got off" with great Difficulty. The Firebrand Firelhip loft her Main-maft, and the Jefferies Holpital Ship knock'd her Rudder olT upon the Sand called the Spit. The Newcaftle, of 50 Guns, as alio the Litchfield Prize, a Fifth Rate, were forced on Ihore, the lartcr being afterwards got olT, but there was not more than twen- ty tour of the Men belonging to the former (avcd, of which Num- ber the Carpenter was the only Officer The Burlington, a Fourth Rate, loft all her Marts, and the Merchant Ships and Vcftcls which were at Spithead I'ufFercd greatly, inlbmuch that the Coaft there- abouts was almoft cover 'd with dead Bodies. Several Ships oi War were at this time in Tarmouth Roads, name- ly the Portland, yidvice, and Triton, all Fourth Rates, and the Nii^htingale a Fifth, which rid our the Storm without much Da- maijc ; but the 27th, about Eight in the Morning, the Rejerve, a P p p p X Fourth llrtat Damagi (torn in ihi Uowiis. n,ima;e in V^rnioutli H0A.I1. 66o NttvalTnwfaiIiomofthcV.n<^\[(h, BookV. h nrrli Un'o, was licn with all her Marts j»nnc, and only hcrTn^ fi^u Srafrihntlinp, rinntj Guns tor help, winch ir was impodibic ro ^ivc her, lo that ahont twelve a Clock Ih .• touiulcr'i), ami nor one Soul l>i loniiing to her was laved. The Lrun and Margate, hy o- tlicr Ships diivin^ on hoard them, were obliged to cut away tlicir M.irts, anil rid in no little Danger near St Ktcholas Saml A xw\\ Merchant Ship, hound tor the Scaiv, was drove on the laid Saml and finkin;^ within three Hours, the Sea broke over her, hut tlic Lyiiti tbrtuiiattly took up her Men ; and of a confkicrahle Hcc of Merchant Ships and Vvflcis which wore in the Road, but feu were leeii the next Day, l()me of them being driven out to Sea, ami others Shipwrcek'd on the Sands. I o p.irticulari/e all the Dilaflers which happcn'd by this dread iil Tcmpcrt, would ahnort of iticif require a jull Volume, lb nuincrous were the thlinalErtcds of it all along the Coart; nay the very Shins in our H.irbnuis cicapcd not its Violence ; tor, among other Acculcnts the J^aut guard, of 90 Guns, was forced from her Mooriims iu Ch.it hitm River, and by that means rcndcr'd unfit for tarthcr Ser- vice ; but this Lot's, indeed, as it happcn'd, was iuconfiderabic, fincc fltc was (b weak before as to recjuire rebuilding. Rear- Admiral Hcauniont had, all the preceding Summer, to the time of his uiitbitiinate Lois lately mentioned, been cmplo)'d with a Si.]'.iadron of Ships which were particularly appointed to look af- ter thofc at 'Dunkirk and Oftcud, of whole Proceedings on that Ser- vice ic will be proper in this Place to give tome Account. The it;th of May he fent Advice to the Lord High-Admiral of the \OHukirlicrs being at Sea, he having teen them in the Road the Afternoon of the i8th, but though he had even dilcovcrcd them qo- ii;g our, it would have been impotiiblc for him at that time to lia\e got up his Anchors. Upon this Intelligence tcveral Orders were fent by Expreli, givini» Caution to all the Sea- Ports, and for flopping the Convoys which were Northward, and the Rear- Admiral proceeding in t'earch of the F.nciny, got rij;ht of them from the Mall- head, the 6th oi June, at Four in the Morning, in the Latitude of 56'. He had little Wind until eleven a Clock, and then they makiiis* what Sail they could from him, he chalcd them all that Day, but could not come ncacr th;in four Leagues, and at Nine the next Night loft fight of them, to that returning to the 7)., neither ouc nor the otncr were permitted to do any Adl of Hoftility 1 hiy hjil been th.re fix Week*-, :ind were commanded by Monfleur St. fjnl, with \^ hf)in iid Ins Olli'.ers our Captains had Ipoken, who, by whar they cculd gather, cx|uded to be joined by oth>.r<, and then were to look ou' tor the 'Dutch Gtccnland Shiyt^y and our RiiJJia Tra 'e ; but aldiou^h ours had the good For unc to ellapc thiin, the ^Diitch lu!kr>d very confidcrably in theirs as ihcit Filh ry to the North, and their Convoys, had done from loine French Pri '<„ niuch varcirs not loi.g before. The Rcar-Admiral received Advice that ' '•'■"" '•'"f" thcte S'lips of the Enemy (ailed from Majlerlaiidt the 13d oUScp- 'l^'"^|J^^] '*' tewbiTy winch it was alrogcther impofliblc for him to prevent, as being in no Condition to put to Sea, for he was in want of Water ami di\ers other NcccfTaries : But having furnillied himlelf in the bell manner he could, he left (Jottciibmxh the 81 h of Otlobcr with Icveiity lour Merchant Siiips under his Convoy, and arrived in the 'Do'ji'ns the 19th, having appointed the Triton and Lynn to protcdl « " A.Um- home ihcic which were" nor ready to accompany him; and on this''','^^^^''yj']^,''''' Service againft xhc'Duiikirkcrs lie continued, until himfclfand ma- i^own.. iiy more Ofliccrs and Men unhappily loll their Lives, as is before related. And now if wc take a View of the Dif'pofition of our Naval Strength this ialTVcar, it may not be unuectliary to make Ibmc Re- Rctn.,rkon<>ur inirk on our Affairs ar home, when (iich a Force was lent lb remote/''"^"'.? /" wirh Sir Ct'iudijly Shovcll, as four Second Rates, t\\ enry four Thirds '!u„^a> 4. and Icven Fourths, ami other Ships and Veflcis of Ids Force. When <- .1/. j"J this is confider'd, and that there were nine Third Rates, thirty lour '^/^- 1"^^ ^^^ Fourths, and ten Fifths aduilly in 'he ICeft-IndicSy and other i'o- f,][j" " rcii^n Parts, and nor more in Pay for gu.irding the Chanel, and pro- tediiig thcTraile, between the Months oi 'July and Oifobcr, than fortv one Ships of the Line of Battel, %'iz. two F,rll Rates, three Seconds, nine Thirds, and twenty one Fourths Ibine of which were on the Coaft o\' h eland wirh Rear- Admiral DilkcSy others dilperlcd "{) and down the Chanel, and cmploj'd as Convoys to the Colliers, aiiJ on divers nccelTary Services ; I lay, when rlieic CircumlUnces arc cnnfidcred, ir cannot bur appear lomewhat ftrjiigc that tiie Lne- ni) did not endeavour to iulult us j and the rather, lor thar, by all Accounts ' liiilii a J m ifl In t| Iff || 11^!! i 1 ■ 662 NavalTranfaBions of the Engliih, BookV. 1703. AccouDts which were received of them, they had near (ixry Shins of the Line of Battel at Brefl^ Port Lonist Rochefort, 'Duifkhk, and other Ports in thclc Seas, and pofTibly might have ict thcin fotth before we could have got our divided Fleet together, or mam.'u o- ther Ships in our Harbours whole Hulls were fit tor Service, whxij were no more than three Firft, as many Seconds, eight Thirds, anj two Fourth Rates, and they would have required eiglit thouland lo- ven hundred and eighty five Men : Nor was there any Prolpcd^ at this time of our being ftrcngthened by any of the Ships of War of the States-Generul, the twelve they lent with Sir Qloudvjly Shovdl being all that joined our whole Fleet this Year, which were in Num- ber two hundred and I'eventcen, whoreof one hundred and fixtccn were from 100 to 50 Guns; and (according to their Complements) required at leaft fity two thoufandMen, reckoning thole in Service at home, and in the Streights at their higheft Number, and thole in the W ft 'Indies^ aud other remote Parts, at no more than their mid- die Complements. Chap. XV'I. Contatn'mg an Account of Sir George RookeV carrying^ to Lisbon the /Irch-Duke of Auftria, and of his Proceed- ings afterivards to^ and engaging the French Fleet in the Mediterranean, when joined by Sir Cloudefly Shovell. THE Arch-Dukc oi Anjlria, lecond Son to his Imperial Ma- jefty, being proclaimed King of Spain at Vienna, took his Journey towards tlolland loon after, in order to his Majefty's cm- barking, with his Miniflcrs and Retinue, on board feme Englijh and Tiutch Ships of War appointed to attend him to Lisbon., where he was exped:cd with p'cat Impatience, that lb borh he and his Ally, the King of 'Portugal, might timely take the Field with their Forces againft the Duke of Atijou., who had been advanced to the Spautjb Throne by his Grandfither the French King. Sir George Rooke, Vice Admiral ol England, and Admiral of the Fleet, was appointed by Her Majefty to conduct this young King to Lisbon^ and letting fail for Holland, in order to rece-ve his Majefty on board, arrived in the Maes the i6th oiOilober, where the King vv2« expethis Cathoiick iMajcfty would, for want of them, be very much incominodjcl, Specially fincc no more than two of ilic twelve 7?.^/^/; Ships were yet ready. The 'lOrccs bcgai to embark on hoard the Tranfport-Ships the :6tli, and Count /^> «////. /-„:•, the En-pcror's Envoy to om- Court, but then in /yo/A/z/i-/, il^fning to know whether the Admiral would I jiiittcr tor the Security of the Perlon of the King oi' Spnin from the 'Dunkirk Ships, in Ins PafTagc to Spitbcad, in regard there was yet but few Englifl) and T)utch Ships of War to convoy his Mjje- \ fty as far as the "Dr^nSy he judged this a Alatrcr of lo much Con- •■ Icqucncc as to adviie with the Englijh Captains then prdcnt, who were all of Opinion thar if the Convoy could be made up to eight Ships of War, either by the ^Dutcb^ or by the Arrival of any fr-m E^landy it miglu be a iuflicient Korcc to Iccurc His Majcfty, as wJi as the Ti.uilport Siiips, to the 'Divcc/zx, where they would meet with an addiiicnial Force to accompany ihcm to Spithead. Ncitiicr the Ships from Zcclaud, nor rholc expected from England were arrived the '^x\\oi i\ovcrHbey\ and therefore the States-General a!;rccd that Admiral Callcrnberg^ wirh thole from the 'Texil, ihould ccme octorc the Macs, and join the Ships and Yachts from GoreCy but in this the laid Admiral was prevented, tor in his PafTage from the Texcly he was driven by rhc violent Storm tar Northward, which Icpavarcd, and much ihattcred his Squadron, as well as the Tranl'port Ships, inlbmuch that he did not arrive at Spithead., in a coiifiiierable time after. The Troops being embarked, and the King of Spain on board, the Admiral lailed, but the Winds taking him contrary, and blow- ing hard, his M.ijifty thought it convenient to go on Shore the nth of A^ot-w.vi>'(r, and accordingly was carried up to Rotterdam^ from whence he went to the Hagu", but took very few ot his Re- tinue, and little of his Baggage with him, that (b he might be in the gfcatcr Readinefs to put to Sea upon the firft Opportunity, which the En^li/h and 'Dutch Officers were of Opinion they ought not to do with the Wind farther Southerly than the S E. or E. S. E, con- fiijcring the Sealon of rhe Ycai, and the Number of Tranlports they were to take Care of ■ Before the King left Holland, the Storm (which I have already i given au Account of) put both the Ships of War and Tranlports ui I very great Dilbrdcr. The Vigo, a Ship of the Fourth Rare, (for j mcrly our 'Dartmouth, and taken from the French at Vigo) was driven afhorc juft upon tic Wert Pier-head oi Helvoct-Sluys\ but all the Officers and Men, as well as thole who belonged to chc King of J/'fl/// were fortunately faved. The Rochejler, a Fourth Rare, loft her Main and Fore- top- marts, and by another Ship's driving athwart her Hawie, (he narrowly cfca- pcd being on Jliorc. Many of the Tranfport Ships were on the Ground, but the Woolwich, Swallow, Tiger, and Greenajtch had the good Luck to ride it out. Some ot them drove on board the Ke'iijport, a Imall Frigate, and carrying away her Bowlprir, flie was forced CO cue all her Marts away, buc was brought lafe into the I Pier; The King b drj, but ^.ei on ihore a:aw. '^e-er,}l shns •n Hvilar.a ■''uiftr by the fCii! itorm. U,^' 66^ NavalTratifaBmis of the Englifh, BookV. «/ Sp.ur.'j/'<», PrinceGcntgc and others, went to com- plement His Cathoiiik.\U- jejly. His Maje/ly cameto\\'ind- Pier; and the Swau was forced oi Shore, but afterwards got off again. To make good thefe Misfortunes the States-General caufcd the utmoft Afliftancc to be given, but by reaibn of Damages liiftained, ta;< w tArfc.efpecially by the Tranfport Ships, it was almoft impoffiblc to be in Uyui the King a Readinefs to prol'ccutc the Voyage in left time than a Month, for there was a Neccflity of digging out of the Mud thole that were on Shore ; but fince feveral of them could not with all Endeavours be gotten offi others were hired in their room and fitted in the beft manner that could be. When every thing was in a Readinefs, their failing was for fbme time prevented by Fogs and Calms, but at length the Admiral got our, and joined Rear- Admiral Vatiderdnffcn with five 'Dutch Ships of War, having four Fourth Rates, and one Fifth of ours, with which sh George hc arrived at Spithead. There came out but thirteen Tranfport Rookc ciwes Ships, thc reft being left behind, for the Admiral was expreflly or- to tipuhc.ui. j^^gj jjy jj^^ Queen to fail with the firft fair Wind, and to take with him fuch of thoic Veflels as ihould then be ready. The Duke of Sotnerfety Matter of thc Horfe to the Queen, and thc Duke of Marlborough^ Captain- General of Her Majesty's For- ces, were appointed to go on board the Squadron at Spithead, and to wait on His Catholick Majefty on Shore ; and His Royal High- nels the Prince of IDenmark me: him on thc Road to Windfoty where the Queen, and many of the Nobility came fome time be- ^thlnefrtmrn. ^°^^ ^° rcccive him. His Majefty remained a fmall time at Court, td to Portf- where he was not only entertained in every re(pea$» being adjuftcd, which took up fome time, the King of Torfugai, with the young Princes, and many of King of Vox- the Nobility, came on board the 17th, and accompanied hisCatho- ingiUomtitn i|ck Majefty on fliore to the Apartment prepared for him in the Pa- lace, where he was entertained with very great Magnificence, and all Expreflions of Joy. Among other Debates about fettling the Ceremonies, the Bufmefs of the Fwg was confidered, the King of Portugal defiring that up- on his coming on board in his Veflel of State, and ftriking his Standard, the elngli/h Flag might be ftruck at the fame time, and that when His Catholick Majefty with himfelf fhould go off from the Ship, his Standard might be hoifted, and the Admiral's Flag con- tinue ftruck until they were on fhore. This Propofition was made from the King of Tortugal by the King of Sfaitty to which the Admiral reply 'd, that His Majefty, fb long as he ihould be on board, might command the Flag to be ftruck when he pleafed, but that whenever he left the Ship, he was himfelf Admiral, and obliged to execute his Commifnon, by hoiftin^ his Flag ; this, and ibme other Realbn!!, fatisfied the King of Spain^ as well as his Tortuguefe Ma- jefty, fo that the Flag of England ^is no longer ftruck than the Standard of Tortugat. It was particularly recommended to the Admiral to endeavour to A Council of W»r hild. It w»t recom- ^ . meniiidto the fecurc the Turky Trade in their Paflage from the Levant ^ and to tturiml' intercept the Ships from Buenos Ayres fuddenly expedled in fome Turky Tr«artel/, and on that Service °eir'&/^" to continue thirty Days, unlefs Circumftances of AfT; /i render "^ ' *" it necefTary for them to repair fooner to the Squ» Tnw K-fi Airttdiofinii Commerce, probably in Sea to the Rifque run Year: Bc( rhey might form a Squ ncmy's Fle( unean. The Det were of th 40, one of of 71, one but the Wi miral was 1 l)on, at w remain wit Advice ho The Ex voys whic from Smyt Ships the 1 the latter The 9t next Day, St. Vincen which had another wi ger, bcarir about ten he was abl E. and S. that by th came out the Signal; believed th was lent to lope, the ^ — ^ Chap. XVI. from the Tear 169^^ to i-j 12. 66-f he Bufmefs g that up- riking his time, and ' ofTfroiii s Flag con- was made which the E on board, > but that obliged' to Ibme other uguefeMi- i than the ideavour to ity and to ed in fbme ^adiz, and anifi Vice- as, and was atharine at dmiral, Ad- Ten. They ed the i6th rs fliould be from Cadiz liim at that try^ for fe- eights, and > adviftng lenoiAyrts. ance of the )ur Trade in d hindering IDS either to id fix or fe- en Cape St. that Service '\ render Tbw i The zd of i\/titch^ Admiral Callemberg, and Vicc-Admiral WaJJ'eiiaer. They read fcveral Advices of the Prepa- rations the Enemy were making, and adhered to what had been de- termined at the former Council of War of the lyth of the lad Month, for they were of opinion, that a Squadron of Ships appear- ing in the Sea would give great Countenance and Protcdlion to our Commerce, and that Icvcral of our Ships which were clean might probably mrercept jlnail Squjdrons of the Enemy's pafllng from one Sea to the other ; and it was likewifc judged there could be no Rifque run from a greater Squadron oi French Ships lb early in the Year ; Befidcs, it was hoped that at their Return from the Cruife, they might be enabled, by the Arrival of Ships from England, to form a Squadron of lufficient Strength to meet and oppole the E- neray's Fleets, cither oi JVejiFrancey or the Ports of i\\z Mediter- ranean. The Detachment confifted of twenty two Ships, of which there were of the Engltjh fix of 70 Guns, one of 60, four of fo, one of 40, one of 31, and one of 24; and of the 'Dutch, one of 91, two of 71, one of 68, one of 64, one of 61, one of 60, and one of 36, but the Winds hung contrary until the 7th, at which time the Ad- miral was not gotten clear of the Entrance of the River of Lis ' lion, at which Port he left Orders with Vice Admiral Leake to remain with the reft of the Fleet, and to fend the Expedition and Advice home with the Tranlport Ships and Trade. The Exeter and Tartar arrived the 8th, having mifled the Con- voys which they were appointed, by Sir Cloudejly Shovell, to join from Smyrna, as hath been before obferved ; the former of which Ships the Admiral fcnt with the homeward-bound Convoy, and kept the latter with him, for he was in want of nimble Frigates. The 9th of March he put to Sea, ftretching away S. S.W. and next Day, a little before Noon, as he was hauling in towards Cape St. Vincent, a 'Dutch Privateer joined him from the Southward, which had feen the Night before a Spanifl) Ship of about 60 Guns, another with upwards of 50, and one of about 30, with a Imall Dog- ger, bearing then (as the Captain of the faid Privateer judged) South, about ten Leagues diftant. Hereupon the Admiral made all the Sail he was able, and lent away the Suffolk, 'Panther, and Lark, S. by E. and S. S. E. himfelf ftanding S. E. with the reft, being in hopes that by this means they could not efcape him, or the Dutch, who came out the lame Evening he did, but nad not yet joined him. By the Signals the Suffolk and 'Panther made in the Evening, it was believed they had fight of them, and therefore Rear- Admiral ©/7/tw was icnt to, to continue the Chafe with the Kent, Bedford, and ^nte- lope, the two former of 70 Guns, and the other jo, the Admiral Q^ q q q X letting r.'ii;- .idm.ral l.e^ke »r- n-jci a: Lis- bon. Another Council of ll.ir confirm! tht jirji. Strength of the cruifing Squadron. The Admiral puts to Sea, and reteives Advici of fome Spanilh Ship. Dutch Ships (lifablid in » btorm. 66^ NavalTra7ifatlions of the Englifh, BookV. letting him know he would himfclf ftandwith the reft towards Cape Spartetly that by cruifing from thence to Cadiz, and covering the S'*-eigbts Mouth , he might the better intercept any thing which ihould cicape the Ships with the (aid Rear- Admiral. Next Morning it blew very hard at W. S. W. and continued fo all Day and Night, lb that the Ships were forced to try under a Mi- zen, but it being more moderate Weather on Sunday, he made the Capes Sfartell and Trafalgar^ and cruilcd off thoic Places until Thurlday Morning, without feeing any thing, except a fmall Sfanijh ji farther Ac- Ship of about JO TuHS , which x\\c Mountague took under Cape s^am.afilt';. Spavtell, loadeo with Horfe-flioes, Nail?, and ibme Rozin, (Mate- rials much wanted by the Sfaniards) the Mafter whereof gave an Account, that he came from St. Sebaftiait's Icvcntecn Days before in Company of three new Spanijh Men of War , which he left a- bout twenty five Leagues from Cadiz^ and that they had in them Bombs, Carcaffcs, and other Ordnance-Stores. The 17th in the Evening the Admiral was off of Cape St. Mary's, where the Swallo'-jv joined him, as the Leopard and C/&<«r/«'j-- Gaily did the Day before, which two Ships had only met with, and forced on fliore a French Ship of 30 Guns, and of about 300 Tuns, upon a Sand Bank nzzxAyamonte. Tbe Storm had lb difabled the 'Dutch Ships which were on this Cruife, that Baron JFaffenaer acquainted the Admiral he had not more than three, and thole their word Sailers, in a Condition to keep the Sea, and that he was returning to Lisbon to repair the reft for the Summer's Service; but Sir George himfclf determined to continue out until the end of this Month, or at leaft to the time agreed on at the Council of War of the a 9th oi Aprils, and then to go, or fend to Tangier for Intelligence of our Turky Ships, which (if they were got down towards the Streights Mouth) he judged might be put into Tetuan Bay for Provifions. And here I Ihall leave him for the prefent, and give fome Account of Rear- Admiral 'Dilkes his Proceedings in chafing the afore-mention'd Ships of the Enemy. On the nth o( March, between Eight and Nine in the Morning, he dilcovered four Sail on his Weather-Bow ftanding towards the North- Eaft, which he chafed W. by S. with the Wind at N. W. by W. having then ir. Company the Kent, Bedford , Sujfolk, An- telofCy and ^Panther, the three firft Third Rates, and the other two Fourths. By Eleven he camo up with them, they being three Sfa- ihf) come «/> nijh Ships, and the 'Panther, which was the headmoft of ours, en- gaged them ; the Sujfolk getting the Wind of them did the fimc, as alfo the Antelope and the 'Dutch Privateer ; infomuch that flic of 60 Guns ftruck, after exchanging Icveral Broadfides. The Rear-Admiral could not get his own Ship in reach of them until Noon, and then engaging the Commadore, which was a Ship alio of 60 Guns, fhe ftruck to him in a little time, as the third did foon after, which was a Merchant Ship of 14 Guns ; and in this Adion the Panther had her Foretop-maft Ihot by the Board, the Suffolk her Mainmaft, and ihQ Antelope's Mafts and Yards were wounded. The two Ships before-mcntioaed of 60 Guns were Galleoa f Men Rtar-Aiwi- ral Dilkcs chaffs the Spanilli ihiis. and engage. Sp»ni(l) Ships taken. 3ookV. H Chap. XVI. from the Tear 16^8, to 1712. ^^^ Men of War, one cillcd the Tort a Caliy and the other the St. Therefa^ and came from St. Sehajiiau's with Bombs, Guns, Iron-Bars, (Sc. being bound for Cadiz, where (as 'twas reported) they were to be fitted out for the fVeJi-Itidies, the Commaaorc Don 'Diego Bictma having a Commiflion to command all the Fleet dcflgncd thither ; and in thcie Ships were taken near feven hundred Prjl'oners. By realbn of bad Weather, Calms, and contrary Winds, the Rear- Admiral arrived not with his Prizes at Lisbon until the ijth of March, and, as he was going in, the St. Therefa was unfortunate- ly loft on the North Catchup, but Icveral of the Men which were in her, both Englijh and Spaiiijh, were fayed, amongft whom was the Lieutenant of the Stiffolk, who commanding the Prize, miftook (as was fuppolcd) the Light of St. Julian's Fort for the Flag's own Ligh% and Ihaped his Courfe accordingly. The Admiral being now rcturn'd to Lisbon, and having received sir George Orders from Her Majcfty to proceed up the Streights, he deter- |^/'°''t/„cf/di" mined to fail in few Days, and to leave Dircdlions for the Ships of «;, «/« War, Vi(^ualling, and Storefiiips, cxpe ^<> any other unforclccn Accident. ' The 670 NavalTranJati'wns of t!.ic\\v^\\\]}.^ T'ookV A Council of War, at iht Dtjire of the Ko/^f/ Spain. Hf I, »f,«y.r The lilt ot y//>nl lie was joiiicil in the I'l) o! //V/rrj, ritjr / ttdaiUibou. ^^^^^ jjy jjj^g Sccoiul Rate, lourTliiiils -tihI two I irJlrps, and :: lew Days after he licrachctl liir hlir^laiid \\\.\\ tlx: 1 rjii!i)')i[., Merchant Ships, the Kxpiulitint, l''.xctv)\ aiul .-Idvicc. The ifth a Council ot War was callci), at the Dcfiic of tlic Kin r oi Spain, upon a Paper delivered by tlie Ahuiiaiuc oi (.'./Jii/r, wheil; were prcfent the leveral Hag-Oiliccis who adill.d at the ioimr Council. His Catholick Majelty's i'ropolals by the i.iu] Alniiranri', as alio Her Majefty's Orders of the i4rii and i4'h of Marc/j w.ic read, relating; to the Relief of A'; as and ////.< Fruit cd^ to;,crl,:r with the Rclolutions taken at the laid Council, ai.d a Letter Ikmvi the Earl oi Nottin\i^bam of the loth o^i ylprii., advifuij; that the il- nemy were prcpaiing to attack thole two Places by Sea It was AgrtediHro- thcrcupoM agreed that the Meet Ihould proceed to their Relict, ac- c,e,i to theRt- cording to the former Relolutions, but firlt lail to the Nditlnvaid WVilu"' of the Iflands oi Mnjotcn and Mtuoria, and, if the VViiuis would FriiK.1. permit, as near the Coall oi Catalonia as might be convenient, i^r gaining Intelligence ; but that if they met wrh certain Adviee ti.ac neither of the two Places bclbrc-mentioncd were atracl;ed, tlie!!i.'c fliould flop at Hattcloiia, and give his Catholick M.iji.fly's Afiai:;; all poflible Countenance and Aihdancc in thole I'aits. If certain Intelligence could not be gained, and that when rhz Fleet arrived at Nicey or Villa J<'raiica, it ihould be found they w uc not befieged, it was relolvcd to return without lols ot time to Bar- celona, and as ibon as the Service on the Coaft of Catalonia ilioukl be over, to adt farther as might be judged mod advantagious by a Council of War for the Service of the king oH Spain, and the Com- mon Intereft ; and the Flag Officers were likcwiib of opinion, that four of the Ships cxpedcd from England might be lufficient to con- voy to the Fleet the Vidhiallcrs and Tranlports. Since the Propolals of his Catholick MajeOy by the Almiranrc of Cajiile are mentioned in the aforegoing Council of War, it may be cxpcdcd that I let the Reader know what thofe Propoi'als w ere, tor which realbn I have hereafter inicrted a Tranflation of them from the Spnnijh Original, ^•/,■:; " The 6th oiAIay, N. S. 1704, the Almirante oi Cajiilc propo- " fed, by Order from his Catholick Majefty, to Admiral Rookc, and " the other Flag Officers of the Engltjh and 'Dtitch Fleer, that ia *' their Voyage to xhc Mediterranean, their chief Defign IhoukI be " to go Barcelona, to execute there what had been reinlved on, " and which would be of ib great a Benefit not only to the Coni- *' mon Caufe, but to the Succels of the Enterprize upon Spain, as « well as eafily be put in Execution, according to what had alrea- « dy been reprelcnted to Admiral Rooke. " When at Barcelona, if Advice ihould come from the Duke of " Savoy that Nice was befieged, then the Admiral might go to the " Relief of it according to his Orders; but if no luch Advice ihould *' come, that then the Enterprize upon Barcelona might be exccu- " ted to the Good of the Common Caule, and without the Adiiii- - « ral's Jht Propofals of iht Almi- rante oj Ca- Qile. Chap. XVI from the Tear 16^8, to 1112. 671 )• ril's being wanting in his due Obedience to the Orders he had » from Her Majcfty of Great Brifain. X But if his Royal Highnci's the Duke of Savoy (hould prefs to u luvc the Fleet go up thither, and it might thereupon be judged u ncccHary to appoint a Rendezvous, all that his Catholick Majcfty > dcfircd was, that it might be at Barcelona, fince even that alone X would be of great Benefit to the Enterprise upon Sfain,, and con- •> fcqucntly very advantagious to all the Allies. <' The Almirante of Qaftile faid alfo, that his Catholick Majcfty dcfircd to know, if when the Fleer was on the Coaft of iP/<>^»»0»/, and Nice not befieged , nor that Coaft invaded by Sea by the I' French^ by what time it might return to execute the Enterprize upon Catalonia. <' He alio demanded whether, when the Service of Catalonia be- '< ing ended, (which it was fuppofcd would foon be) the Fleet could " proceed to the Coafts of Naples and Sicily, to give Life to his » Catholick Majefty's Party in thofe Kingdoms, and to the Difpo* " fitions there might be in them for the Benefit of the Common « Caulc, and the univerfal Good. Having thus given you an Account of what the Almirante pro- pofed to Sir George Rooke itom the King of Spain, I will in the next Place let you know what the Strength of the Fleer, both Eng- lijhiad 'Dutch, would have been, when joined by the Ships of War, aod fmall Veifels expedled from England, viz. Englijh. 90 Guns 80 74 70 60 50 — Small Frigates Firefhips — Hofpitals — Bombs Yacht 7 I <4 I S S 4 z X I Jntindtd Strtngth $f tht rlnt. "Dutch. 90 Guns 7t 66 64 60 fX SO 44 N». I 3 I 6 % % Souli 6i2 N^alTranfaBionsoftheEngliih, BookV. H Chap. ] Small Frigate Fircfliip — Bombs — 7)Htcb — %i Englijh — 44 IT Of which of the Line of Battel, Englifl} 'Dutch 30 18 I iljall here leave Sir George Rooke, for fome time, and give you 5;> riniiJcfly ^" Account of Sir Cloudtjly ShoveUs Proceedings, with a Sijuadroa siwv( j^ fcnt to Sea under his Command, for iutercepting that defigncd from !>""• '■! '" i-'^'' Brejl with the Count of Thouloufe^ High- Admiral of Francey i^cnchi^M and the rather, for that he afterwards joined the Body of the linn. Fleer. Her Majefty having received Advice that the Enemy were fetting for h a coiifidcrabic Naval Force in fVeft-France^ dirc(Jled that Sir Cloudcjly Shovell fhouid be ordered to repair forthwith to Sp'nheady to take under his Command a Squadron of Ships whiih were j ar- ticularly appointed for him, and his Royal Highncis, Loid Hyh- hi/iiuciionsto Admiral, alio ordered him 'o ufc all pofllble Diligaicc in th getting Sir coujjiy them together, and in a Rcadinefs to proceed on Service, bur, in bh^veii. fj^g (jjgjn \vhile, to appoint Ibmc of the imallcft to cruife WcftwarJ, in fuch Stations where they might mod probably gain Intelligence of the Enemy's Proceedings and Preparations. If by this means, or any other, he got Advice that the French had been ieen at Sea, and were coming into the Chanel with a greater Strength than he fhouid have together, he was direded to re- tire among the Sands, even as ftr as xhtGunfleet^ if occafionwcre, for his greater Security, that lb he might be the more readily join'd by Ships from the River, Holland^ or other Farts, and in iiich Re- treat he was to bring with him the Victuallers, Storcfliips, and Trade boutid to Lisbon^ unlels he could have an Opportunity to fccure them in Tortfmouth Harbour, When ready to fail he was to proceed off of Breft with his Squa- dron, and the Trade, Storefliips, and Vidualiers dcflgncd to Sir Georse Rooke ; and if he perceived, or had certain Intelligence, that the French Squadron was there, he was to fend the laid Trade, Storelhips, Gff. to Lisbon, un^er the Convoy of two fuch Ships, or more, as a Council of War (hpuld judge proper, by whom he was to tranfinir an Account to S\x George Rooke where he was, and what he intended to do. If BookV. ■ Chap. XVI. from the Tear i(^^8, to 1712. ^73 nd give you a Sijuadron :figncil from of Francey ody of the were fctting Sod that Sir to SpUhcady were j ar- Lotd Hyh- 1 th ' getting ice, t)iir, in fe WcftwarJ, Intelligence the French aiK'l with a reded to rc- cafion were, jadily join'd in iiich Re- 1, and Trade ry to fecurc h his Squa- »ncd to Sir igencc, that laid Trade, :h Ships, o; lom he was s, and what If If he found the Enemy in />VW?, he was to ufc his bcft Endea- vours to prevent the Jundlion of the Ships therewith thofc of Roche- fort, and Von Louis, if a Council of War fhould thiuk it prac- ricablc ; and if they attempted to come to Sea from any of thole Ports, to do his utnuill to take, fmk, burn, or othcrwlfc deftroy them, if it fliould be judged he had a lufficicnt Strength to attempt ir; but if the Enemy came out too ftrong, and followed him, he was then to retire intu the Chanel, in Inch manner as he fhould think might moft comlucc to the Service, and endeavouring to join Her Majcfty's Ships which might be there, repair among the Sands, as far as the Gunfleet, for his Security, if he found there might be occafion for his lo doing, as is before- mentioned. But if he learnt, when off of Z?rr//, that the Enemy were gone Irom thence, and that he could not inform himlclf whither, or if he jhould have good Grounds to believe they had bent their Courle to the Sttei^h(s, and that, with the TbutiloH Squadron, (which was laid to confift of twenty five Sail of the Line of Battel, they might be liipcrior to the Fleet with Sir George Rookc, (of which a Lift was fcnc him) he was cither to go with, or lend the Ships dcfigncd {or Lisbon, (which were eight Tnird Rates, an Hoibital, two Bomb- Ve/Tcls, and a Yacht) as alio the Storclhips, Viduallers, and Trade, together with fuch an additional Strength of the biggeft Ships with him, as a Council of War, upon due Confidcration, (hould judge proper, to make Sir George Rooke lijperior to the Enemy, fuppollng a Jundtion of their Ships from JVeJi-Francc and Thouton. It was Her Majefty's Plealure that not more than twenty two Ships of War (including the eight defigned for TortugalJ fliould proceed with the Storclhips, tSc. to Lisbon, and therefore if he tbuiid it ncceffary that lb many as eighteen, or the greater part of his Squadron fliould proceed thither, he was to go with them hrra- . fcif, and fend the Remainder into the Chanel, under the Command of a Flag Officer, with Orders to him to cruife there for the Secu- rity of the Trade; but he was to come into the Chanel himlelf, if liieh a Number only proceeded to Lisbon as might not require his commanding them thither. Either himfelf, or the Flag, or Flag Officers, he (hould fend to Lisbon y were to put thcmlelves under Command of Sir George Rooke \ and if in his PafTage to Brcji he met the Expedition, Exc' ter, or Advice from Tortugat, and found them in a Condition for Service, he was empowered to take luch of them with him as he judged proper, but no farther than off oi Breft \ and if any thing of Conlcquencc happened during his being abroad, which was not provided for in the aforegoing Inftrudlions, he was to govern him- lclf as Ihould be agreed at a Council of War. Thefe Inftrudtions prepared by order of his Royal Highnefs, Lord ^*' /»A«w- High- Admiral, were read at the Committee of Council the z^th of ^JJ'J^^'j;;^, April, and being agreed unto, were figned and dilpatched to Sir mittu of Cloudejly Shove II the fame Night, and a Copy thereof to Sir George coundt. Rooke by the Packet Boat, that ib he might have as early Informa. tioD thereof as pofllble. Km Purfuant 674 NavalTratifatHous of the Hngliih, BookV I -- AP. Mr ciouiieiiy Purluant hereunto he iailed from St. Ilflen\ and arrived i^Vf «f Shov.^i ;4,,.y;;^,^^^ the ixth oiMay ,704, where Rear- Admiral /C (who was attcrwards Admiral of the Hccr, and one of the LortU Com- mi»Tjoners of the Admiralty) was making all pofTibIc Dilpatch in getting Ships ready to join him ; and here it may not be impro- per to inlcrc the Line of Battel, which was as follows, viz,. The Line of Battel. The St. George to lead with the Starboard, and the Revenge with the Larboard Tacks on board. Frigates, Fire- Ihips, GJf. Rate. Ships. Men. Guns. Divifion. Bridgwater^ Lightning F ire- Ihip, Terror Bomb. 'Iki tint of ttittl. I Roebuckt Vulcan Fire- ihip, tVtUtant and il/^ry Yacht, Trincejs Anne Holpital. 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 X 4 3 Vulture fliip, Star Bomb Firc- St. George^ Moderate^ Torbay, — Shrewsbury., EPx, - Glocejter, — Royal Oaky Mouky — Boyney — IVar/pigbty Triton, — Orford, — Barfleury — Natnur, — Aledway, — Swiftjiirey Lenoxj — NaJfaUy — Ru/>ert, — Norfolky — Ranelaghy *Dorfetjhire y Kingftoncy AJJuranccy Revettgey — 680 365 500 540 440 36f joo 36J yoo f40 x8o 440 710 680 36f 440 440 60 80 80 70 60 76 60 J Vice -Admiral ,ofthcRcd,Sit StaffordFair- born. 80^ 70 fo 70 96 96 60 70 70 Admiral of the .White, Sir CloudeJIy Sho- veil. Rear -Admiral of the Red, George Byng, Efq; n63y 1514 The 15'th of May he was between the Fourn-bead and the Li- A Council of Jsar*»"*«'■ io the Soundings, and the Mouth of rhc Chauel, near a Fortnight, ^"'"' '^ with Southerly and South- Weft Winds, and that they (aw not the sm, of th, Freneh Squadron, for which reafon they judged they might be gone l^^^'^"l/"" Southward, the Admiral Ihould the next Morning fend Sir Stafford Und." "^' Fatrborn home, the fVeJi-India Squadron forward, and with the reft of his Ships make the beft of his way to Lisbon, and join Sir *'> Cioudefly Qeorpe Rooie, of whofe Proceedings both before and after the faid ''i'l5*'ii 'T Jundtion I will now give an Account. sir George That Admiral, purliiant to the Rcfolutions before- mentioned, fct- j*°°''« *' tiug lail from Lisbon for the Mediterranean, he came on the X9th sir George fii April olTof Cape St. Vincent, when he had with him of Entlijh Kooke pr»- Ships two of rhc Second Rate, fifteen of the Third, four of ih? |>J|'ed'jt'err'«-* Fourrh, one of the Fifth, one Sixth, and tour Firelhips, and of the nean. 'Dutch Ships of War tburteen, all of the Line of Battel ; and Or- ders were left at Lisb'n lor another of the Fourth Rate, and one of the Fifth to follow him. On the 8th of May, about Two in the Afternoon, the Weather bciiij; then hazcv, fix French Ships of War fell in with him off of *<"«» French Cape Talos, (a little to rhc Eaftward of Cartha^ena) to chale which ff,/wZ' he detached fix Third Races, one Fourth, and a Fifth, and they ran «*# fUx. the Fleer out of Sight before it was Night On rhc loth in the Evening he anclidred in y^ltea Bay, where rTie Squadron which he fent to chafe the Enemy joined hi n that Night, having not had the good Fortune of coming up with them. At the prelTing ln!>ances of the Prince of Hefe, he proceeded Ti>*FiMth' with the Fleet to Barcelona Road, who faid chat he had Afluranccs {?* fl«celor Ktttz tron u. !i; I I ii* 6^6 NavalTranfaQionsofthcEngViih, BookV. H Ch> from the Deputies of Cttalonia^ and the principal Men of the Ci- ty, that if lome few Forces were landed, and a Shew made of a Bombardment, they would declare for King Charles the Third, and receive hitn the faid Prince into the Town. Hereupon, on the 19th oi May, about Noon, the Admiral caufcd to be landed about A sumber of twclvc hundrcd Marine Soldiers, and the Dutch about four hundred ; Marini Sold,- but whcn they had been one Night on fhore , aud the Dutch had u!p7rt'L'° bombarded the Town from the Sea, the Prince was convinced of his Miftake, lb that he himfclf propoled tiic re-irabarking of the Men; not but that the People were inclinable to rile, and would hsve done it, had they iecn a Profpecit of fufficient Force to fupport them. On the 1 8th Rear- Admiral fViJhart joined the Fleer, who had met with the fix French Ships before mention'd much about the fame Place, atuJ they finding themfclves too ftrong for him, (for he had only Riar-Admi- two Third Rarcs, two Fourths, and a Firefliip) gave chafe to him, '"hTd^"\ ^"' continued not their Purluit, though fome of them vifibly gained fix French shift. on him. On the zift the Admiral (leered away for the Ifles oiHieres, but in croflTing the Gulph had a hard Gale of Wind at N. N. W. and N. W. which difpcrlcd the Fleer, and mod of the Sails of our Ships flew ?.way like Paper ; but being joined again by the ablent Ships, ihe Admiral On thc t7th, at Eight at Night, his Scouts made the Signal of fce- ^fcovtn the jjjg J pjeefj which he judged were thc Enemy, and that they would make the beft of their way to Thoulotiy lb that tacking, he ftood to the Northward all Night, and on the z8th in thc Morniu^, f-ou af- ter Day, the French Fleet were ii} view, confiding of forty Sail, at which time it was calm. The Admiral called a Council of War, where were prefenr Sir John Leake^ Vice- Admiral of the Blue, Rcar- Admiral Dtlkes of thc White, Sir James Wijharty Rear-Admiral of the Blue, and of the Dutchj Lieutenant- Admiral Callemberg, Vicc- Admiral Wajfenaer^ and Rear Admiral Vanderdujfen. It was agreed that fince the" Enemy feem'd to avoid engaging, by making clT the Sail they pofilbly could, our Fleet fhould continue the Chale as long as they could keep fight of them, or until i:hey had reached the ty«"rfV'Thou- Coaft of Thouloriy and that if ajundiou with the Ships at that Port Ion. could r.or be prevented, they ihould then repair to Lisbon^ as had been before determined. Accordingly the Enemy were chafed until the zpth in the Evening, when being within thirty Leagues oiThouloK, where there were fifteen or fixteen Ships ready to join them, it was unanimoufiy agreed to repair down to the Streights Mouth; and even by fo doing they ran fbme hazard of being followed by the French with a uiperior Strength, for Sir Cloudefy Hhovell had not yet joined the Admiral, and rhe Ships he had with him were but in a bad Condition, efpecially as to Sails, Topmafls, and Stores. The 14th of June our Fleet paffed through the Streights Mouth, and off" of Lagos were joined by Sir Cloudejly Shoveil two Days af- Riftiuiicn to ter, when a Council of War being called, it was agreed, that thc pnceedup me [jcft Scrvicc which could bc done, was to proceed up the Mediter- /rwA/X f^f^^ff >n learch of the Fr^wf A Fleet ; and the Flag-Officers were French. of Opinion that they might co-operate in the Siege of Cadixit or Our Tliet chafe the French to Chap. XVI. fro:n the Tcdr i ^5>8, ^a- iiijh Regiments, of about forty Men each, but on the Walls above loo Guns mounted, all facing the Sea, and the two narrow PafTcs to the Land ; and in this Adtion we had fixty ojic Men killed, a.)d two hundred and fix wounded. The T)utch Admiral Ibon after fent to Lisbon the Rear-Flag with fix Ships, whence they were to proceed home, intending himlclf to follow them in a little time; and the 9th Day oi Augujt S\x George Rooke returning from theCoaft o{ Barbary (where he had been for Water) to Gibraltar^ his Scouts made the ufual Signals of feeing a ftrange Fleer, leveral Leagues to Windward, confiding, as their Com- manders loon after laid, of fixty fix Sail ; and a Council of War be- ing thereupon called, it was determined to lay to the Eaftward of Gibraltar^ to receive and engage them ; but it being judged from their Signal Guns in the Night, that they wrought away from our Fleet, the Admiral followed them in the Morning with all the Sail he could make, and continued fo to do till the ixth, not hearing their Guns that Night, nor feeing any of their Scouts in the Morning. This gave him a Sufpicion that they might make a Double, and, by the help of their Gallies, flip between him and the Shore to the Weftward, wherefore it was determined at a Council of War to re- pair to Gibraltar^ if the Enemy fhould not be difcover'd before Night ; but ftanding in towards the Shore, the French Fleet were feen about Noon, with their Gallies, to the Weftward, near Cape Malaga^ going away large, upon which our Admiral made what Sail he poHTibly could after them, and continued fb to do all Night. On Sunday the 13 th, in die Morning, he was within three Leagues of them, when they brought to with their Heads to the Southward, the Wind being Eafterly, and, forming their Line, lay in a Pofture to receive him. They were fifty two Ships, and twenty four Gal- lic;', very ftrong in the Centre, but weaker in the Van and Rear, to fupply which moft of their Gallies were placed in thoie Squadrons. In the Centre was the Count oiTbouloufi, High- Admiral oi France, with the White Squadron ; in the Van the White and Blue Flag, and in the Rear the Blue, each Admiral having his Vice and Rear- Ad- miral. Our Fleet confifted of fifty three Ships, but the Admiral ordcr'd the Swallo-ju and T anther, two Fourth Rates, with a Fifth and a Sixth, and two Firelhips, to lay to Windward of him, that if the Enemy's Van ihould pulh through our Line, with their Gallies and Firefliips, they might have given them feme Diverfion. He bore down on the French Fleet until loroewhat after Ten a Clock, when they let all their Sails at once, and leem'd as if they defigncd to ftretch ahead and weather him ; ibon atter which he cauled the Signal to be made for Battel , and the Enemy keeping he- themfelves in a Pofture to receive them, it began, and was fmart- ly continued on both fides, wherein, among others, the Lord 'Durjley, then about three and twenty Years of Age, who commanded the Boyne, Chap. X VI. from the Tear 169s, to iH2. 619 Boyne i Ship of 80 Guns, behaved himfelf with remarkable Rcfo- lution and Bravery. In Icfs than two Hour's time the Enemy's Van, which were pref fed by ours, coracmded by Sir Cloudejly Shovell^ and led by Sir John Leake, gave way in no little Confufion, as their Rear did to the Dutch towards Evrning. Their Ccntie being (Irong, and fcve- ral Ships of the Admiral's own Divifion, as well as thole of Rear- Admiral Byng's, and Rear Admiral "Dilkes's being forced to go out of the Line for want of Shor, (which it fcems were not equally di- ftributed throughout the Fleet, after the great Expence thereof in the Adion of Gibraltar J the Battel fell very heavy on (bme of the Admiral's own Squadron, particularly the St. GeorgCi commanded by Sir John Jennings ♦, and the Shrewsbury by Captain Jojlah Crowe : And between fix and feven at Night, when there was but little firing on either fide, a Ship which was one of the Seconds to the French Admiral, and a-hcad of him, advanced out of the Line, and for fome time engaged the St. George, but was to roughly hand- led, that (he retreated back to the Fleet, after both her Captains, and many of her Men were killed. And as the St. George had be- fore fought finely fome Hours not only with this Ship, but with Count Tttoulouje himfelf, and his other Second, neither our Admi- ral, nor any of the Ships nearefl to her being in a Condition to come to her AfTiftance, by reafon of their being difabled as well in their Rigging, as otherwife, fo before Sir John Jennings engaged the afore- mention'd Ship after the Brunt of the Battel was over, he had at leaft twenty five Guns difmounted on that fide he fought, and was obliged to bring others over from the oppofite fide in the room of them. The Enemy at length went away to Leeward by the help of their rhe French Galhes, but the Wind fhiftiug in the Night to the Northward, and towed away in the Morning to the Weft, they by that means became to Wind- " ^""""^''• ward, both Fleets lying by all Day, within three Leagues of each other, repairing Damages, but at Night the French filFd their Sails and flood Northward. On the I jth in the Morning they were gotten four or five Leagues to the Wcftward of our Fleet, and a little before Noon Sir George Rooke had a Breeze of Wind Eafterly, with which he edged towards them until Four in the Afternoon, but it being judged then too late ro engage, he brought to, and \?.y by with his Head Northward all Night. The Wind continuing Eafterly the i6th, with hazy Weather, and the Enemy not being feen, nor any of their Scouts, our Fleet bore away to the Weftward, the Admiral fuppofing they might have been gone for Cadiz ; but being advis'd from Gibraltar, and the Coaft ofBarbary, that they had not pafs'd the Streigbts, he concluded they were retired to Thoulon ; and as he was not wrong in his Judg- ment, fo is it not unreafbnable to think, that had they known how much feveral of our Ships of the Line of Battel were in want of Am- I F:"l * since Admiral of tin While, and one of the Lords Commijfionert oftheAdr.iiralty. munition ^ 8 o Naval TranfaBions of the Englifh, BookV. munition and Shot, or othcrvvilc difablcd from farther Adion, they would not have made fo great hafte hoinc, but rather have tried the Event of a lecond Engagement. scmarhs. The Efigl'tjb and T>utch Ships began this Fight with manifeft Diladvanragc ; for although their Strength and that of the French were near an Equality, yet had the Enemy their Ports at hand up- on occafion, whereas the others, for want of liich Shelter, would have been obliged, if overcome, to have vvandcr'd about the Seas with their dilabled Ships without proper Materials ibr repairing them, or to have deftioyed them, that lb they might not have fallen into the Hands of the Vidtors. But notwithftanding this Advantage on the fide of the Frenchy to which may be added that of their Gal- lies, they did not think it advilcable to renew the Fight ; nor had the Engtijh and 'Dutch any great rcafon to value themfelves on their Succefs, otherwile than that, by putting a good Face on it, they fhewed themfelves ready to try their Fortune a lecond time, while the French were retreating towards their Ports, as hath already been obferved. A Council of War being call'd, it was determined to repair with the Fleet to Gibraltar^ there to lecure the dilabled Ships, and to re- pair their Mafts, Yards, Sails, and Rigging, where arriving, and the beft AlTiftancc being given to that Garrilon that poflibly could be, it was relblved that all fuch Ships as were in a Condition for Winter Service Ihould be put under the ComvajinA of S\t John Leake ; that fuch as were nor lo, but might fafely proceed to England^ Ihould repair thither, and that thole in the word Condition Ihould go to Lisbon to be refitted. Accordingly the Fleet fail'd from Gibraltar y and being out of the Stre'tghts Mouth the z6th oiAugufty the Admiral gave Orders to Sir '^obn Leake to take under his Command two Ships of the Third Rate, nuie of the Fourth, four of the Fifth, one Sixth, and a Firefliip, and proceed with them to Lisbon^ from whence he was to fend four to England with the Trade. He was alfo to rake under his Command fiich Ships of the States-General as ihould be appoint- ed forWmter Service m thoie Parts, and to employ the whole in guarding ihe Coafts of Tortugal and Spahiy and for the Security of our Trade, and the Garrifon of Gibraltar. With the reft which were in a Condition to come home, the Admiral repaired towards England^ where he arrived the 14th oi September 1704, which Ships were five of the Second Rate, twenty five of the Third, four Fourths, fix Firelhips, two Hofpital Ships, and a Yacht. And here it may not be improper to give the Reader (bme Ac- count of the Number of Officers and Men killed and wounded in the Engagement, which is as follows, viz. A Cour.cil of IVar rejjlve lo proceed lo Gioraltar. Sir John l.cakc fent •U'lih a Squa- dron to Lis- bon. Sir George R(joi'C ar- rh-ei in ling' Und. Officers. Chap. XVII. from theTear 16^8, f<7 1712. ^81 In the Admiral's Divifion Sir Cloudejly ShovelPs Sir John Leake's — Rear- Admiral Bynv's Rear- Admiral Wilkes's Of the "Dutch Officers. Mec . SlaiD,Wounded. Slain,Wounded 6 X XI9 J08 I 7 lOJ 303 7 89 Xll I S I5f 361 10 119 149 8 31 687 1631 kiird and wounded — 1368 400 1768 Chap. XVII. Contam'mg an Account of Sir John Leake'j relieving Gi- braltar, and of his defiroying fever al French Ships of IVar. i 1704. ^of KrentU HAV I N G brought home the Admiral of the Fleet from the Me- diterranean^ I fliall return to Sir John Leake, and give an Account of his Proceedings during the time he commanded abroad. The 30th oi September Sir John Leake received a Letter from the Prince of //("^, and another from Captain i^o^/jfr^y, who com mandcd the Larke, by which he was informed that on the 4th of //;;;j comei to OBober in the Evening, a Squadron of the Enemy's Ships, in Num- .Cibrait" ber nineteen, great and fmall, came into Gibraltar Bay, and that there was a DeHgn of befieging the Place both by Sea and Land, for which real'on his Highnefs earnedly defired him to repair to their Relief with all poflTible Diligence. Hereupon Sir John caufed the utmoft Difpatch to be made in the refitting the Ships, and Ibme others joined him from England and Holland ; but loon after he received another Letter from the Prince d Hejfey letting him know that the French Squadron was gone Wcftward, having left in the Bay oi Gibraltar only fix Hght Frigates from 40 to 10 Guns ; but that they had landed fix Battalions, To '"f "i '''"" that the French and Sfanijh Troops might amount to about feven ^vtflJard, thoufand Horle and Foot, and that they had opcn'd their Trenches t^t againft the Town. Sir John on this called a Council of War, and ,1,^1 the it was rcfolved to proceed to the Relief of the Place with three iicnch win Third Rates, nine Fourth, and two Fifth Rates of ih^Engli/h, and ll^^^^'l^ of the 'Dutch fix Ships of the Line of Battel. /a„i.' ^ir Jol:n Leake re- ceizei an Ac- couijt that S ff f Arriving 6^2 NavalTranfaSionsoftheEnglifh, BookV. >/r John Le.ikc eamei roCibrnltar. Our ,V.V;.( 'VntlilU ' l>yj- lijlons re:iii:i to L;sl)()ii, till return anA Jurf'i ii,c 1 reiich shif'i It Gibialur, and relitvid thi Toivn. Colmtl Dorr kllli feveral ef the Spaii'- aids. The Gair'ifo^ ^/ Gibraltar , reinforced. '70-f. Sir John Leake hat an Account of Monfieur I'onty'j com- ing to Gibral- tar. "^rr Thomas Dilkes ar- rive: from \.^^i\■M. Arriving in the Bay of Gibraltar, a confiderablc Number of Men were landed from the Fleet to afTift in the Works ; but upon Ad- vice of a ftroog Squadron of French Ships being dcfign'd from Ca- diz to attack him, it was thought rcaibnable that all the Men Ihould embark again, except the Gunners and Carpenters, and the Marine Soldiers. Our Ships, by riding at the Weft fide of the Bay with a flron'» Eafterly Wind, having loft (bme of their Anchors and Cables, and the 'Dutch moft of theirs, it was refolved to put to Sea, as loon as it Ihould Ipring upWefterly, and to keep as near to Gibraltar as the Weather would permit ; but Sir John Leake finding it ablo- lutely neceflary to proceed with the Squadron to Lisbon^ Vor a Sup- ply of Provifions, he repaired thither, and departed from thence a- gam tow^xfSs Gibraltar the 25th oi Oiiober ^ with three Ships of the Third Rate, nine of the Fourth, two Fifths, and a Fireihip, to- gether with fix 'Dutch^ and arriving there the 19th, furprized two of the Enemy's Ships of 34 Guns each, one of 11, a Fireihip, a Tartan, and two Englijb Prizes, all which they ran on fliore and fct on fire ; and another Ship of ' -» Guns which had juft got out of the Bay, was alio taken by one of ours. Had not theVice- Admiral luckily arrived as he did, it was generally believed the Town muft have liirrcndercd, or that the ^nemy would have ftorm'd it, they being not only very nume- rous by Land, but had aDefign to put on Ihore at the New Mole three thoufand Men, in Boats which they had got together from Cadiz^ and other Places ; and five hundred being difcover'd on the top of the Hill which overlooks the Town, the Granadiers, with Colonel Borr^ (fincc a Brigadier in the Army) very gallantly attack'd them, and kill'd about two hundred, takinz moft of the reft Prilbners. At a Council of War, held the lift of 'December, it was refolved to remain in Gibraltar Bay while the Wind continued Wefterly, and with the firft Eafterly Wind to proceed to Lisbon, to clean and re- fit the Squadron, the Garrifbn being now reinforced by two thou- fand Men. Before they failed the Enemy had much abated in their cannonading, and bombarding the Town ; and, as the Defcrters laid, delpair'd of taking it, fince Monfieur 'Ponty had not, as they ex- pedcd, attempted our Ships in the Bay, with a Squadron from Ca- diz, to which Place Sir John Leake had fome time before propos'd to go, in order to have attack'd them ; but it was not contented to by the Prince of Hejfe, and the Land- Officers, left, in his Abfcnce, the Town might have been loft to the Enemy. On the lift oi February, at Seven at Night, he received a Let- ter from the Prince, giving him an Account that Monfieur Tonty was come into the Bay of Gibraltar with fourteen Ships of War, and two Firelhips, and preflTed his coming to the Affiftance of the Town, againft which they intended a general Afiault ; whereupon it was determined to proceed thither, as fbon as they could poflibly be fiirnilhed with fbme Ordnance-Stores, and Soldiers for the Ships, in the room of a confiderablc Number of Seamen which were want- ing. Mean while Sir Thomas Dilkes arrived from England with five Ships of the Third Rate, and on the ^dioi March part of the Troops * cmbark'd BookV. ^ rHAP.XVIl. from the Tear 16^8, to 1712. 683 ^ — — . - ., ■ .1 ■■,,—. — I 111 I ■ ~ euibark'd which were dcfign'd for Gibraltary towards which Place Sir 'John Leake failed the 6th of the lame Month, and on the 9th got fight of Cape SpartcUy but not having Day-light enough to icach the Bay of Gihr altar ^ he lay by to prevent his being difco- s\r John »cr'd from the Spanljh Shore, intending to (iirprize the Enemy car- '^'''^*' f"' ly in the Morning ; but by bad Weather was prevented in making c'braiu"."^ ' Sail as loon as he intended. About half an Hour ^aft Five he was within two Miles of Cape Cabrctta^ when he difcover'd only five Siil making out of the Bay, and a Gun fir'd at thera from Eurofa foiftt ; whereupon concluding the Garrilbn was lafc, he gave Chafe m cha/i, /#. to the Ships, they being the Magnanime of 74 Guns, the Lis of *'':''' ^^^^'^^ Ut the Ardent of 66, the Arrogant of 60, and the Marquife '^'' of 56. At firft they ftood over for the Barbary Shore, but feeing our Ships gained upon them, they ftrctchcd over to that of Spain, and at nine a Clock Sir Thomas T>ilkes, in the Revenge^ with the New- caflle, Antelope^ Expedition, and a 'Dutch Man of War, got with- in half Gunlhot of the Arrogant, which, after fomc fmall Refidance, (truck ; and before one a Clock the Ardent and Marquife were ta- ^''^J^^^ ^j''/" taken by two Ships of the States-General. The Magnanime and 'priyd! Lis ran on fliore a little to the Weft ward oi Marvelles, on board of the former of which was Monfieur St. Taul, and flie came on the Ground with fuch Violence, that all her Mafts fell by the Board, lb that the Enemy burnt her, as they did the Lis next Morning. This Service being over , Sir John look'd into Malaga Road, ^'r John where one of our Frigates had chaled a Merchant Ship of the Ene- \',fJ^]J"^{^. my's on fliorc, of about three hundred Tuns, which they fee on laga. fire, as two others had done another of about two hundred and fif- ty Tuns, near Almeria, which was deftroyed in the fame manner; °'*"" ^*'^' and there is realbn to believe that the reft of the French Ships oCJf/cl'f/iTf War which got out of Gibraltar before our Squadron arrived, hear- Spain, ing the Guns there while they lay in Malaga Road, cut their Ca- bles, and ran to Thoulon. Sir John Leake arriving at Lisbon the nth of Aprils appointed ^''^ Jo*>" aCoDVoy to fome T or tuguefe Troops defign'd (ot Gitbraltary (which wr^VZis- Garrilbn he had thus happily reliev'd a fecond time) and another to bon. accompany our Virginia Trade well into the Sea ; but foon after thole Troops were countermanded, and marched to the Frontiers ; an^ the Swift fnre, a Ship of the Third Rate, being much difabled in her Mafts in the Engagement with the French, he lent her and three somi shift Fourth Rates to England with the loadcn Merchants. •^"" *"""• During his being in the River oi Lisbon all poftlble Diligence was ufed in cleaning and refitting the Squadron ; but the Prov'ifions and Stores, as well as the additional Strength from England, not arriv- ing as foon as was expedled, he was not in a Condition to go to Sea, to prevent the Jundion of the Ships fitting out in fVeft France with thole in the Mediterranean, fiiouid they endeavour it, where- fore leaving him there for fome time, we will now look homewards. Sfff 1 Chap. (^8+ NavalTranfaBiom of the Engl iih, BookV. Chap. XVIII. Coyjta'nihig an Account of Sir Cloudcfly ^\\o\c\\'^ Proceed'tnos iOj and in //^c Mediterranean, when appointed joint Admiral of the Fleet -with the Earl of Peterborow ayid Monmouth j the landiyig of the King of Spain at Bar- celona, and the Redtil^ion of that important City. s sir George Byng j/'/'i/B/- cd to ci>m- mand in thi Soundings, and sir ['ho IR Cloudefly Shovell h;;ing appointed Admiral of the Fleet, he repaired on board the Britauitia at the Norcy and on the 7th oi April gave Orders to Sit John "Jennings to proceed to Spit- head with three Firft Rates, two Seconds, and as many Thirds: And at the time that he was thus appointed Admiral, (which was in Conjundlion with the Earl of 'Peterborow and Monmouth , who was nam'd firft in the CoramifTjon) Sir George Byng was nominated to Command in the Soundings ^ and Sir Thomas 'Dilkes ofT of "Dunkirk. Sir Cloudefly Shovell arrived at Spithead the 13th of May , and having, with all pofTible Dilpatch, got the Ships as well there, as at l/'ounkuk. Tort/tnouthy in a Readinefs, and embarked the Troops defigned for 1705. Service abroad; and the Ships of War being joined him from the "Downsy in Company of which came thofe with Ordnance-Stores, he was unmooring the lift oi May, and the ixd in the Morning liariofVtw- the Earl of Teterhrow arrived at Tort/mouth ; but the Wind bc- bornw ar- jQg Qut of thc way, the Admirals were forced to come to an An- chor at St. Helen's that Night ; however, all being now in a Rea- dinefs to proceed on their Voyage to the Mediterranean^ it may not be improper here to give an Account of thc Strength of the Fleet they carry'd with them, with which the Squadrons abroad were to join, viz. rives at I'ortf- mouth. Rate. I X 3 4 19 of thc Line of Battel ; befidcs Ships of the Filth and Sixth Rates, Firefliips, Bombs, and fmall Craft. The xfth of May the Fleet came off of Tlimouth, where they lay for Ibmc Ships of War, and Tranlports , which were to join them from thence, and the firft Rendezvous the Admiral appointed was feven Leagues South from the Lizard, where they arrived two Days after, from whence they fent Orders to the Ships of War, and theTranfpotts with Forces ia Ireland to proceed diredtly to Lisbon. s Upon ■>"• fiforgc Hyng left in 'lie Sound- ings, on Ihorc, the doing whereof would reduce the Ships to their niiti- [,'"^ */'" die Complements, the 'Dutch Admiral agreeing alio to afTift with fix a'/a/ueionJ hundred Men : However, if the French Fleet approached, it was deemed ncccfTiuy the faid Men, as well as the Marine Soldiers, Ihould immediately come on board again. But confideriug the Winter Seafon was advancing) it was judged ^'"""wj too late for the Fleet to proceed to the Coaft ot Jtaly^ inlbmuch "i'i 'J.Z 'ff that it was determined to return towards Englaud the firl^ fair Wind luiv. ' after the xoth of September^ yet (Incc the Army had got PofTedion oi Mont Joui y and all the Out-works, the Number of Men bcforc- incntion'd were pur on fliorc, for the more (becdy Rcdudion oi B^r- celonay and the Gunners, and Carpenters, dcHrcd by the Eailof 7^* longer in the Mediterranean, fince the Ships were in want of Pro- lTi/pne"!d' vifions and Stores, which could not be hacf in thofe Parts, nor was (> mt vuh there any Port for refitting them ; wherefore it was refolved to ap- ''" 'j"^* point fifteen Englijh Ships of the Line, and ten 'Dutch, with Fri- to appoint » gates, Firelhips, Bomb Veflels, f£c. for a Winter Squadron; and -« "'""^ fince the States-General were fending from Holland to Lisbon five ^'i'**^'""' Ships of War, it was propofed that ten might be diipatched from England, which would make forty of the Line, that being judged fufficient until they could be flrengthened towards the end of April. A farther Quantity of Powder was put on ihore from the Eng- HP and "Dutch Ships: with eight Brafs Guns, carrying a fix Pound Ball, and it was refolved that when the Ships defign'd to continue abroad with Sir John Leake were reduced to feven Weeks Provifions at Short- Allowance, he ihould proceed to Lisbon to refit and vidual them, and that two Fourth Rates, three Fifths, and one of the Sixth HffoUed t3 ihould be left to follow the Orders of the Earl of Teterborow ; J^J^ ^7/^ fo that the whole were divided as follows. the L^i'of Peteibo- To proceed to England with Sir Cloudejly Shovell, row. Rate. I X N». I Rate T/;< mannir how the Fleet wai dtvided. (^88 NavalTranfaaionsoftheEn^Wai^BooYiW, W ^ ■ — ■ ■ — ■ -—————__ 1/ f Rate. 3 4 5 Bomb-Vcflels Firelhips — Yacht N". 13 % 4 1 - 3 4 — I I* P 1 1 3 4 To remain with Sir 'John Lfke^ BombVcflels Fircfliips - Hoipital — Yacht X 8 4 3 X X I I r 'V A^. With the Earl oiTeterborow, 4 5 6 X 3 I Left at Gibraltar. To cruifc for the Brajil Fleet. 3 4 Accordingly Sir Cloudejly Shovell fail'd, and getting out of the Stretghts the i6th of O£iober , appointed fome Ships to convoy Sir cioudefly *h<^ Trade honac from LisboHt himlclf arriving at Sp'tthead the x5th shoveiur- oi November. rivis at Spit- liead. lating to prcding Chap. BookV I Chap^IX. from the Tear 1^98, to 1712. 689 C II A P. XIX. C^ntiHHf>t(r nil Account of Sir John I.cakc'j Proceedings on the Cocijl of VoxiM^oXy and in the Mcclitirraiiciii, ^tbc Earl of I'cTi rhorow couttnniHg jiill Adnmal of the Neety mul (ii-neial oj the hntea in SyMv) and of the Relief of Uarcflona when hefieged Ly the iMtinli . /i: alp) of the yieh/injr of Cartluigcna hy the Spaninids, the taking of the Town and Cajtle of Alicant, and the Stinender of Y\i(^3. and M.ijorca. AFTER a rcdioiis Paffagc of rhirrccn Weeks Sir ynhn f.eake arrived in the Kivcr ot Lisbon from the Coall ol Laialonia^ with one Second Rare, two Thirds, three Fourths, one Kitrh, and a Kircdiip, having Icit the Dutch (tor they had heavy Sailers among rhcm) oH oidatfh/iii^cuay who were then reduced to two Poutrds of bread a Man aWci-k, of which they had not for above five Weeks, nor were our Ships muih better provided ; but off of Cape Sr. A'/w. (cut he met the 'Pembiokcy Roebuck, and Faulcon, with a wel come Supply of Provifions from England. The 16th oi February a Council of War took into Confidcrarion the Orders of the Lord High-Adiniral, together with my letters to Sit John Lcaki\ of the 3d, i6th, and 3 ill oi 'December, with an Account of tire Enemy's Naval Preparations, and other Papers re- lating to the Dilpofition of the People oi Cadiz, and to the Galleons which were going thence to ihc Sfanijij IVejl Indies \ and there- upon it was rciolvcd to proceed dircdtiy to Cadiz with all the Ships then ready, viz. nine Third Rates, one Fourth, two Frigates, two Firediips, and one Bomb-VcfTel of the Englijh, and of ihe 'Ditrch, fix of the Line of Battel, one Frigate, two Fircfliips, and a Bomb; and if they found the Galleons in the Bay, they were, if Wind and Weather would permit, to go diredtiy in, and endeavour to take or deftroy them. There were at this time Ibme Ships of War and Trjniports expcded « ith Forces from England for (.'atalo- nia, and it was dercrniincd, if they timely arrived, to take the for- mer, and to leave the Tranlports at Lisbon, fincc it was not lafe to lend them up the St r eights without a Coiwoy capable to pro- tect them. Three Days after another Council o*"War took into Confideration a Memorial of the King of 'Portugal's to the Lord-AmbaiTadori^/f- thucii, and the Mmillcr of the Stares General at Lisbon, as alio the prcfling Orders of the Lord High- Admiral lor liiccouring Barcelona, wheicnpon it was determined to proceed according to the Rclolu- tioiis of the former Council, and when that Service ihould be over, to appoint as many Ships as could be iparcd lor the Security of the T t t c 'Portugal ''ir John I .cike iDmii to LikboD. I'rovifionitr- nut frtim A C iDieil of li'ur in hi, and refj-.ci to at- lempi III Port oJ C«tllt. // fecond Council of ll'jr tt2,ret 10 'hcHtjotntitnt ' -.^ ...li- ed ::■ liari-c- lona. BookV. IB Chap. XIX. from the Tear 1698, to 1112. 691 o and remain 5s and Tranll i" rlicBayof ai!, but when ^isj/o;;, Icvcral fbrac of the : Commanding dcrs from the ^Icrchant *" .ip d not get out 'if/cefit, where aim, but rhcti and N. by E. pe St. Alarfs, ch he flood to or intercepting )uld permit his from Vice- Ad- :d the loth of Icrly, and that which ten or icm Privatcas, rr, to condud r'd away S. W. ot coming up vhcn they got g he iaw two I at fix a Clock Ship called the r bound fi ft to and fiiicc they 1 judged to no ieDaySirJ(?/;« e Lord-Ambaf- Ships and Vef- ; and although Portugal, yet two of which ifi Leake fpokc Genoa., whole Hit^h- Admiral j;;, with Icvcn- d three Decks, Du i^HcJue had I been * been there with nine others Ibme time before, and that fix more were daily cxpcdcd /o join them In the mean time, up the Str eight Sy on this very Day, one of our Ships, the Refoltttion, of 70 Guns, coramandecf by Mr. Mor- iaunt., youngeft Son to the Earl of 'PeterboroWy falling in with Ik Ships of the Enemy near Cape delle MeUe^ in her PafTage to Getioay about Five in the Morning, fome of which were mounted with 80 Guns, and others 7c ; they gave chafe to her, whereupon Captain Mordaunt put his Ship before the Wind, hoping he ihould be able lb to alter his Courfe in the Night as that the Enemy might not dilcovcr the fame, but at fix a Clock they had a frelh Gale of rt« Refoluti- Wind Eaftcrly, while at the iamc time he had but (mall Breezes, in- T,^,IyII^^^ Ibmuch that they got within a League's Diftance of him. Upon shi^i, and this the Earl of 'PcterboroWy and his Catholick Majcily's Envoy i"<>-»i ty '•<*■ to the Duke of Savojy who were on board the Refolutiotiy were, as ""''' ^"^ '' they dcfircd, removed into a Imall Frigate, named the Enterfrizcy ill order to their being landed, if poflible, at Oneglia. About half an Hour after Nine, the M'tifordy a Ship of the Fifth Rare, which was alio in Captain Mordaunt % Company, flood away to tlie Northward, without being lo ir.uch as followed by any of the Enemy's Ships, for they ftill made all the Sail they were able after ihcRefoUuion; at which time it beginning to blow very hard in Squalls, fhc was diiabled in her Main-top-fail, and by that means the hcadmoft of the French Ships got within Gun-fhot of her. About Twelve at Noon that Ship came up within Piftolfhot, making feveral Signals to the others which were in Sight, and by the Variety of Winds part of them were gotten fbmewhat to the Southward ; whereupon Captain Mordaunt demanded the Opinion of his Officers, what was moft proper to be done, who advifed the running the Ship on fliore on fome part of the Territories of Ge- noa., rather than liiffcr her to be taken, and carried ofT by the Enemy. Next Day, being the zoth, it was fqually Weather, with the Wind almoll round the Compals, and the Enemy continuing their Chafe, there was but little hopes of elcaping ; however 2.\\ pofuble care was taken to keep at as great a diftance from them as might be, not but that one of theii Ships of 70 Guns came, at Seven in the Morning, within Piftol fhot of the Refolution's Larboard- Quarter, and there happcu'd thereupon a fharp Engagement between them. At eight a Clock the Land was fo plainly feen, that the Town and Caftle of Fintimigliay about five Leagues to the Eaftward of Nice, were diicovcrcd, and it was determined to make the beft of their way to the iaid Place, in hopes of meeting Protedion from the Gefwefe, but the Wind veering to the S. S. W. and the Enemy's Ship ftill continuing her Fire, and the reft of them outfailing the Re- filntioii, they approach'd very near to her, infomuch that by ten a Clock two of their Ships of 70 Guns were within Gun-lhot, and that of like force before-mentioned fcJdom out of the reach of a Shot from a Piftol, fb that in an Hour's time after flie received very much damage in her Mafts, Sail?, and Rigging. 1 1 1 1 z At 692 NavalTranfaEiionsofthc^jigliih, BookV. At Three in the Afternoon Captain Moraaunt ran her on Ihore on a Tandy Bay cioic under the Caftle ol Fititimiglia, within a third of a Cable's length to the Land, and then one of the French Ships which lay with her Broadfidc againft her Stern, fired very fmartlv on her, as did the Refolntion, in return, with all the Guns which could be brought to bear on her, iiifomuch that in an Hour and a half ilie tack'd, and lay by with her Head to the Southward within Gunlhot, the reft of the French Ships being at much the fame Diftancc. At half an Hour after Four Captain Mordaunt was carried on lliore, having received a large Wound by a Cannon fliot in the back part of his right Thigh, and about Five fcveral Signals were made by th^FrcncI} Coramadorc; on which all their Goats were mann'd and fent to lay the Refoltition on board, under the Protedion of one of their Ships of 70 Guns, which made a continual Fire on the Ap- proach of the Boats ; but the warm Reception which they found conftraincd them to return to rcipcdiive Ships. On the xift, about half an Hour paft Six in the Morning, one of the Enemy's Ships of 80 Guns, weighing her Anchor, brought too under the Re Joint mi ■& Stern, and about nine a Clock, a Spring being put under her Cable, Ihc lay with her Broadfide towards her while ihc at the lame time looked with her Head right into the Shore, Ko that it was not poflible to bring any more Guns to bear upon the French Ship than thofe of her Scern-Chafe, and the others being within lefs than Gun Ihot, and the Water coming into the Rejdlti- tion as high as her Gun-Deck, Captain Mordaunt fent to his Offi- cers for their Opinion what was fitting to be done, and, purliiant to their Advice, he gave them Diredtions to let her immediately on fire, which rhey did about eleven a Clock, after the Men were all put on fliorc, and by Three in the Afternoon Ihe was burnt to the Water's Edge. On the 14th of March Sir John Leake received Orders from the Earl of 'Peterborow, who was then in Valencia y to come with the Fleet off of that Coaft, and to fend the linall Frigates near to the Shore with the Men, Mony, Ammunition, and Artillery which were to be difembark'd, or die to land them at Altea, or 'Deuia, that lb he might repair with a Body of Horfe to join them ; and fince there was a Squadron of twenty French Ships in Barcelona Road, his Lordlhip recommended it to him to proceed thither with the great Ships, and endeavour to attack and deftroy them ; but he receiving Advice the 19th oi April that Sir George Byng was ap- ."j.v Georse proaching him with twenty Ships from England, relblv'd to cruifc johnCk? off of yy//f^ till he ihould be join'd by him, which was the next Day, and then it was determined not to ftay for the Ships and Tranfports from Ireland, but to proceed to Tarragona ; and if by the Scouts he fent for Intelligence, it ihould be found the French were in the Road of Barcelona, and not too ftrong, to give them Refolved to Battel. It was determined ro proceed Northward of Majorca, that frocni to the f^ j^^y flight timcly arrive to relieve the City, which tliey under- ceioiu " ftood was in great danger, and that each Ship ihould make the bcft of ) arl n/Petcr- borow or- ders the FLet and Troof-! to the Coaft oj Valencia, but the %rcat'^i':pi »« Barcelona. , BookV. ^m Chap. XIX. from the Tear 1 6^8, to 1112. 6^^ her on Ihore within a third French Ships, d very linartly Je Guns which ui Hour and a ithward within nuch the fame vas carried on lot in the back als were made i wore mann'd, otcdion of one ire on the Ap- ich they found Morning, one ichor, brought -lock, a Spring e towards her, into the Shore, I bear upon the le others being to the Rejottt- :nt to his Offi- and, purfiiant immediately on e Men were all IS burnt to the Drders from the to come with "rigates near to Artillery which Itea, or 'Deuia, oin them ; and )S in Barcelona :ed thither with roy them ; but 'e Byng was ap- :folv'd to cruilc h was the next the Ships and 'Oil a; and if by jud tlic French ^ to i^ive them i Majurca^ that lich tlicy under- !d nuke the bcft of cli ri- rom of her way thither, wicliout lofing time by (laying one for another; mean while tlic Earl of 'Peterborovj came off to the Fleet with Icvcral Barks, on board of which were about fourteen hundred Land- Forces, and hoiftcd his Fhig, as Admiral, on the 'Prince George, ''"''^"f^'f^ie:- wherc Sir John Leake alio bore his. Sir George Byrig and Sir John ^i,"^^l^i,„ ^i^ Jcui/iirgr, with levcial Ships which were the bcft Sailers, got into cn'bca:dthi Barcelona Road on the 8th of April., in the Afternoon, Ibinc Hours ''''''" fooncr than the reft, who dilcovcred the Rear of the French Fleet vr'a^ori-e going thence in no little Diibrdcr. Byng auii sir The Appearance of the Englijh and T>ntch Ships caufcd an ex- ^f.''"''"" cecding Joy in the Inhabiranrs, and immediarely the King lent off>yi to iilrcc- aft Officer, dcfiring that the Land- Forces might be put on lliore, '?"^' tor that he was in hourly Expcdarion the Enemy would make an ,'i"/'«tj'^* AfTault at the Breach, which was judged to be then practicable, fo o-n Ycea fut that all the Troops, togeihcr with the Marine Soldiers, were vvith "" ■^""^''• all poftible Diligence landed from the Fleet. The French nevcrthtlefs continued their Attack on the 9th and t"//* French the loth, but the next Day their Fire abated very much, and great \Tt',r'luacU Numbers of Peafants and Miquelets coming down from the Moun- tains, ihey, with feveral Voluntiers from the City, endeavoured ro diflodge the Enemy from the Poft they had taken. Thefe Skir- milhes continued until Eleven at Night, and then the French fired two Guns from a Battery on an Hill, which proved to be the Sig- 2"/:'ri.eU,aHd Teterborow , a Council of War was called , where were prefent 'V'^'^'^' f^"^'^^ * Sir tiuk Alicant. II ^9 4- NavalTranfaclions of the EngViih, BookV. Cailhagena Sir John Leake, Sir George By tig, Suyohnjcwihigs, and Captain Trice; and of the 'Dutch, Vice- Admiral fVaJfen'aer, Captain Muffe, and Captain Somerfd'tkc, by whom ic was rclolvcd to proceed to A- I'tcafity but if the Town, upon Summons, rcfuled to furrcndcr, to repair lo Altea, and remain there until they Ihould be join'd by the Bomb-VefTcls from Gibraltar^ with the Ships of War cxpcifled from England and Holland, and that the Land Forces arrived uearyf/i- cant to co-operate with the Fleet. When they were the length of Altea two Gentlemen came off, who acquainted Sir John Leake that the People of Carthagena would, upon the Appearance of the Fleet, declare for King Charles the Third, but that Major-General Mahoni being gotten into y^/i- cant with five hundred Hoifc, it would require a fcrrnai Siege to reduce that Place. Hereupon he proceeded to Carthagena^ and the Spaniards yielding^ when they law in what Condition we were to attack them, a Garrilbn of fix hundred Marines was put into the Place, under Major Hedges, who was appointed Governor, and Sir John Jennings was left to Icttle the Affairs of the City. Soon af ter Sir John Leake being informed that there was at ^Itea two Gallics going over to Oran, on the Coaft of Barbary, with Mony to pay that Garriibn, he ordered the Hampton-Court and Tyger thither, upon the Appearance of which Ships they came ofF, and de- clared for King Charles. The Fleet arriving off o( Alicaut the 26th of Jane in the After- Aiicant fum- nooti, thc Admiral lent a Summons to the Garrilbn, but was an- fwer'd by Mahoni, that he was refolvcd to defend it to thc laft Ex- tremity, and that to enable him to do it, he had near one thoufaud Horfe and Foot, befides thc Inhabitants, having turn'd out of thc Place all thc ul'eleis People. After remaining fourteen Days for thc Troops in order to carry on thc Siege, they were on the icth of July within three Leagues of the Place, but in the whole they exceeded not one hundred and fifty Spauijh Horfc, and thirteen hundred Foot. Brigadier Gorge - , commanded them, who was of opinion that not lels than three cant\J/;A tit thoufand were iiifficient for thc intended Service, for he had not a- Treofs. ny Dcpcndancc on the two thoulind Militia ; and it was now judg- ed that there were not Forces iufficient in Spain to artift the Duke oi Savoy, they bemg in all not above two thoufand five hundred Foot ; and (as thc Earl of Tetcrboro-vu reprefented) Affairs were much embarraffcdj by the King's refolving to go to Saragofa, in- ftead of taking the readied way to Madrid. However, fmcc it was determined to attack yf /if «//?, all thc Ma- rines left at Carthagena were lent for, my Lord Tcterborow hav- ing appointed another Garriibn for that Place ; and Brigadier Gorge marching from Elche, encamped the iift within a Mile of the Town. Thc lame Day, and the next Morning, all the Marines in the Fleet were landed, and eight hundred Seamen, and at Night the Town was bombarded. Next Day at Noon Sir George Byng boiftcd his Flag on board thc Shrewsbury, and wjth her, and lour more Third Rates, anchored « in Two Sp.»Iiifli Gullies yield. molted. Brigadier Gorge «;>- Marine! and Seamen land- ed, and Ali- cant borri' barded. Chap. X I X. from the Year 169S, to 1112. 695 m iliiiet ,Mi)iard3 in a Line in nc;ir rn rlicTown, chat tlicy loon dilinountctl lomc ot" '' <-• their Gutis tai-iiig the Sea, which were above one hundred and fix- ty, iiiid drove rhc Enemy iVom them. y, ,« lUeir The i4rh Sir "/obu 'Ji'imiii^s arrived with the Ships from Cartha- ^'"";- ^tna, when the Marines he bioiighc from thcncc were laiuicd ; and )ux,:l^' ^ann,] four D.iys after die Troops having, early in rhc Mornin::, made ■^"■^^ '/■"' '^'•'- thcmfelvcs M.iftcrs of the SiibLirbs all the Boats being iiiann'd and "'"i,/"" arm'd, they repaired along the fide of the Sbre'sjsbnty^ to receive iZ'luturb, Orders for liiUair.ing them, or to make an Attack on the Town. "'""■ At Nine in the Morning the Ships had made a Breach in the round Tower at the Weft End of the Town, and another, at the middle of the Curtain, between the Mole and the Eaftcrmoft Baftion, when the Land-Forces marching up towards the Wall of the Ciry, fifteen Grenadiers with an Officer and Serjeant advancing, without order fo to do, to the Breach at the round Tower, all the Boats under ue Boats Command of Sir John Jennings went diredly to fuftain them, but wiriivjoim e'er the Men landed, the Grenadiers were bcjten back. However the |/^""'"|,^ ■^'" Ibats proceeded, and all the Men getting on Ihore, Captain Evans Land foms. of ihc Royal Oak mounting tlie Breach firft, got into the Town with ^'""' '^^'"'■' two or rhrec of the Boat's Crews ; Captain 'Pajj'cngcr of the Royal mL,il''?h7 Anne Ibllowed, and next to him Captain Wat kins of ihc St. George^ Breach. with fome Seamen. Sir John Jennings, with the reft of the Sea- men and Forces who were in Poftenion of the Suburbs tiiov'd on to (iipport them, who coming into the Town, fecur'd thcPofts, and neTownta- made proper Diipoficions until the reft got in, when Mahoni retir- *'«. ""t Ma- iug into rhc Caftle, left rhem in Poftcflion, with the Lofs of but )lZ/''Jfll. very few Men ; but Colonel Tetit wa" kill'd in the Suburbs, when cohnd i\tit Handing Arm in Arm with Sir John JenningSy by a fmall Shot out *'''"'• of a Window, as they were viewing rhe Ground for raifing a Bat- tery againft the Wall of the Town, bcfides whom there were not a- bove thirty killed, cither of the Sea or Land, and not more than eighty vvoumlcd, notwithftanding the Spaniards had a con'iuued Cora;tiunicaMon from one Houlc to another, and fired on our Men from the Windows, and Holes made for that purpofc. Next Day Brigadier Gorge lent a Summons to the Caflle, but Ma- Brigaditr honi aniwci'd, he was rtlblved to defend it to the laft, although our l^^^f'/T', Ships had then df'iiounred all their Cannon towards the Sea, hcax. ftie. down put of the Wall, and that the Shells thrown from rhe Bombs anuoy'd them very much. Notwithftanding this Rclblution of Ma- rhe ca/lte honiy the CalUc fjrrender'd the 2jth o'l Augnfi, though it might >"•""''"• have held out longer ; bur great part of the People who were in it being Neapolitans., and many of them Officers, they obliged the Go- vernor to yield; for by a continued cannonading from the Ships, as well as trom the Batteries, and by the Coeborn Mortars, which play'd on them both Day and Night, they had but little time to rcfl, and a confiderable Number of Men were kili'd and wounded. The xpth oi Angujl there was Intelligence that the French were beaten in Italy, and the Siege of Turin rais'd, lb that it was re- ..^^^^^ ,;^^, lolved to proceed to Altea to take in Water, and to lend the Tranf- the sieq,t of ports to England with four Ships of the Third Rate, not iu a Con- ' "^'" "'*' dition r.iifed. NavalTra7ifa8ionsoftheYng\i{h, BookV. H ^"^ S(WC Piiic;! .S, upon the cnfuing Peace, the Crow- of England keeping Poircfl»oa only ot Minorca and Gi- braltar. Sir 'John Leake leaving a Garrifon of one hundred Marines, with a Captain and Lieutenant, to lecurc the Caftle of Torto 'Pin, and two Ships to bring away the Vice- Roy, and diiaffcdled Pcrlbns, he failed from thence the xsd, and being oif of yJl/cant, he received Orders from the Lord High-Admiral for his leaving all the Ships in a Condition to remain abroad under Command of Sir George Byng, and to repair home with the reft; purfuaut to which he got through the Stt eights the %d of OBober with the Prince George, a Ship of the Second Rate, ihc Royal Oak, Hampton Court, Dorjerjbire, and Grafton, of the Third, and a Firclhip, with fix Dutch Ships under Command of Admiral IVa£'enaer, fomcDays after which he was fc- parated from them by a ievere Storm, but arrived at St. Helen's the 17th idfOBober, where he ftruck his Flag, which was that of Ad- miral of the White ; but before he left the Spanijh Coaft, his Ca- tholick Majefty was pleas'd, by Letter, to acknowledge the Zeal he had flicvvn for his Service, and to return him Thanks in 2 very obliging manner. 1 he Orders he left with Sir George Byng were as follows, viz. to take under his Command one Firll Rate, one Second, ten Thirds, four Fourths, one Fifth, one Sixth, and two Firelhips, and when i.e fliould inakc the Signal, to lepair with them to Lisbon, where having ciean'd, and lefirrcd them, he was to appoint them to criiife in iiich Stations as rhat they might be raoft capable ol" annoying the Enemy, and of guarding the Coaft of 'Portugal, according to the Treaty w ich that Prince, but ncvcrthclcls to have them all in Rca- diiicls % Contahi, ceecit BookV. I Chap. XX. from the Tear 1698, to i-j 12. 697 dinds to proceed on any Service, with the Si]uadron of IJutcb Ships « Inch w ci c to join him from Holland. If the Farl of "Pcterborow ihoiilil difirc it, and he had no particular Orders from the Queen, or rlic Lord High-Admiral to put in Execution, he was either to proceed with a part, or the whole Squadron to the Coaft oi Spaittt anJ ro that oi ('atnlotiia, if the lame fliould be thought advilcabic by a Ct)iiiicil of War ; and if the Minifters of England and Holland at Lisbo.iiy or the Earl of GalliL'oy Ihould dcfire it, he was o aflfift any of the Garrilons on the Sca-Coaft not in Poflefllon of the E- iicnv, and to iend Men, Ammunition, or Mony to them ; and from tjmc ro time to lunpiy the Garrilbn at Gtbraltar with what they n)ii;lii (land in iicscd of. I lire \\c will leave S'wGeorse Byng, until fomc Account is given of ul c happen'd in the IVeJi-IndieSi not only during S'xxjohn Jen- 1! tt^^s's commanding in thofc Parrs, but even before his Arrival thci ', when Rear- Admiral irhetjlone, and, after him, Commadore Kerti wcic at the Head of Squadrons at Jamaica. Ml 4,1, Chap. XX. Contahhig nn Account of Sir William Whetftone'i Pro- ceednigs in //j^ Weft-Indies ; with what happened after- wards while Commadore Kerr, AV John Jennings, and Mr. Wager commanded in thofe Parts ^ and particti- larly of the taking a Galleony and other Ships by the latter j as al/'o of the taking another GalleoHy and J?- veral French Ships with Mr. Lirtleton. SI R William Whctjione in his Paflagc from England arrived at the Maderas the zd of April with one Ship of the Third Rate, four of the Fourth, and two of the Fifth, where taking in a Supply of Wine for the Men, (as is ufually done on fuch Voyages, and of abfolute Neccffity to preferve their Healths) he proceeded on, an ' law the Merchant Ships in Safety firft td Baroadoes, then to thp Leeward-IJlands , and with the reft rcpair'd to Jamaica^ where he arrived the 17th of May. Having Intelligence that fome French Ships were on the Coaft of Hi/paniola, he made all pofti- blc Difpatch in getting the Squadron in a Rcadinefs to proceed to Sea, that lb be might endeavour to intercept others which were coming from Carthagena and Torto Bella. The 6th of June he IJil'd, leaving thofe at Jamaica which were to return to England sirwmtm with the Trade, and the 13th making the High-land oi Carthagena, ,,lf^°ff\j- he came to an Anchor the next Day, but ^br Intelligence, kept two c»tthageD» f^rigates cruifing to Windward. The i/rh he chaled a Ship that was U u u u difco- 1705. 69S NavalTranfaSliomofthcEngVifhy BookV. ^ Frcncli ship !>'' .\6 (iuni tiikcn. A French Pnvalctr burnt. Sir Willi.im Wliojlione retiirni to J.1- lu.'.ica. y] Shi;) ofz4 Vans taken. 'ihe mrf. pr"- t/abte unv of tnierccpini^ the ualh-ons ivhtn teturn- ing home. The r.r.ir-ylil iniral c nies o/c/Hll'p.l- int much ilifaLled by bud tVea- ther, he re- turns to J.\- maita. dilcovcrcd at a confidcrablc Diftancc, which in the Night ran in a nioiig the Saml>ay Keys, where were very uncertain Soundinus and Shoiil Water, inibmuch that the firi/M, a Ship of jo Gun,% came oil GroumI, but ^^■as gotten off' with little or no Damage; however they came un with the Frci/cb Ship, and after two Hours Difputc with thole that were ncareft to her, Ihc fubmittcd. She had 46 Ciuns mounted, and carried out with her three hundred andfevcntv Men, but bury'd all but one hundred and fifty, unlcfs it were a few they h.id put into Prizes. She brought lix hundred and forty Negroes from Guinea, of which two hundred and forty died, and moll of the rcfl: were fet on ihorc at Martin'tca, the llland of St Thomas, and Santa Martha, for they had heard that a Squadron of Englijh Ships was in the Wcjl Indies. The Rear- Admiral plying to the Eaftward, difcovcr'd ofTof the River Grande two Sail clofc in with the Land, one of which being forced on Ihorc, was burnt by her own Men, being a Privateer fit- ted out at Martinica to difturb our Trade. The Coaft being thus aiarm'd, and no Profpedt of any immediate Service, he returned to 'Jamaica, but appointed three of the bcft Sailers to cruilc twenry D.iys ofF of Antgada, in the Windward Paflage, for the French in their return home, it being the- ufual time for them to go from Te- titGuiivn!!, Tort deTaix, and other Places, but thole Ships join, cd him again without any Succels. About the beginning oiAngtift he fcnt the Mountajue and HeEior^ which were cican'd jufl: before, to cruifc between Torto Bella and Carthagcna^ for a rich Ship cxpedled about that time to be in her PafTagc to Port Louis, which two Frigates took a French Ship of 14 Guns, bound ro Cape Fr^/wp/j-, with Sugar, Indigo, and between four and five thoufand Hides. As it is ultial for the Galleons, when they are to lade any con- fidcrablc Qiiantiry of Plate, to touch at fomc of thcWmdward Ports firft, and then repair to La Vera Cruz, there to take in their Wealth and about the Months of March ox April to fail to the Havana for Water, and Rcfrelhments, and thence to proceed home ; lb the moft probable way for intercepting them is by a Squadron's cruifing in the Bay of Campcche ; but fliould they meet with Succefs, they mud return to England through the Gulph of Florida, becaule it is very difficult to turn up to Jamaica, when they are fo far to Leeward; It that the Rear- Admiral was ftrong enough to do this, even the* ... had left that Ifland, (which he was diredcd to have a particular Eye to) without any Guard by Sea. The i()th oi Anguft he failed from Jamaica with thcSnfolk, Bri- Jlol, and Folkjion, together with the Re/ervc, which Ship he lent loon afx • to cruilc on the North fide of that Ifland. The 19th he got fair up with Hifpaniola, and at Six in the Evening the Wind was at N. N. E. which Ihiftcd Ibon after to the S. S. E. with much Wind and Rain, lb that moft of the Ships were dilablcd in their Mails, Sails, and Rigging, and in fuch a Condition fome of them were, cipecially that Ship where he bore the Flag, by the Weight of Wa- ter which made irs way into thcm> th . they were in the greateft danger BookV. ^m Ch A?. XX. from the Year i6^S, to 1112. 699 ght ran in a. >undings, and > Guns, came ic; however, lours Difputc Slic had 46 d and fevcncy •cfs it were a red and tbrty "y died, and Kland of Sr. It a Squadron r'd off of the 'which being Privateer fit- »ft being thus e returned to cruilc twenry he French in go from 'Pe- lie Ships join- e and He^for, yfo Bella and to be in her ch Ship of 14 and between ade any con- ndward Ports their Wealth, e Havana for ; lb the moft I's cruifing in eft, they mufl: lufe it is very to Leeward; his, even tho' e a particular ; Suffolk, Brt- 1 Ship he fent The 19th he the Wind was ;h much Wind 1 their Mails, )f them were, ''eight of Wa- tt the greateft danger ?)Wf of fnr J.' I'i m'etin^ ■he ii/'Ucfilid . ;i',) v/.;.'j, t.i:.s ,l;e ilcr- rljiints, mill let thei/i e- dangcr of being foundcr'd ; however, in this lamentable Gilo, they had the good Fortune to reach yf/ffuiica, where they continued a confidcrabie time before they could be put in a Condition for lar- [hcr Service. The Mount agifp, a Ship of 60 Guns, Ibmc rime after met with on the Coalt oi ll'tjpaniola, one of 4H, and another of ?6, both loadcn, and bound to France^ which alter cngai^ing about an Hour, ' 'fM'>iiii'i- and Ni:^lit coming on, fhc loll fight of, but law them iaiiiy iicxt ,',''^i I'fjl;'..'" Morning. The Ofliccrs were not then willing to renew tlx Fighr, ^-'/s //;. v nor were the Seamen Ids backward, lb that the Enemy flipt ihrougli ' "'^'''• their Fingers, jf which the Commander complaining ro the Flag, the Officers were diliuincd, and his Condudt being examin'd into at a Court Martial, he was honourably acquitted, it plainly appearing that neither his Officers nor t^^cu had any Inclination to ftand by him. The Rear- Admiral, ho ..vcr, thought it proper to fend two Fourth Rates in quefl: of thelc Ships that had cfcaped the Monnta- gue-, which meeting them, with Merchant Ships in their Company, they were lb intent on feizing the latter, that they gave Opportu- nity to the others to efcape, lb that they only brought in five ; but the Senior Captain, who had of Coiulc the Command, was broke for his ill Condudt by a Court- Martial. At this time there was a gre.it want of Stores and Provifions in /•"/'«. the Squadron, nor could the Ifland o^ Jamaica furnilh what was neccfiary ; in Addition to which Misfortune there happcn'd another, for (by what Accident was not known) the Suffolk , where Rear- Admiral IVhetfkne'?, Flag was flying, happen'd to blow up in the rheneai-y!.! Gun room, and as moft of the Men there were '.ill'd, lo were Ic- '"l'^/,^Z vcnry more burnt to rhat degree in their Hammocks bcrwecn tlic ti.e Decks, rhat moft of them died loon after ; and had the Ports been open when this unhappy Accident happen'd, the Ship murt have run tho greateft Hazard of being dcftroyed. The Flag had an Account of no more than five French Ships at Martinica, which had lomc time before plunder'd the South fide of St. Chrijlopher's^ four of them from 66 to fo Guns, and one of 31 ; bcfides which they had feveral Sloops ; and towards the latter end of March he ftretched over again to the Coaft of Hijpaniola., tak- ing with him a Sloop, appointed by the Governor of Jamaica to carry the King of Spain\ Declarations to the Commander in Chief at Cartbagena, in which Port the Span'tjh Galleons were arrived ten Days before he came on the Coaft, but not being able to do any Service there, he return'd : And it is fomcwhat remarkable that this Year the Barlovento Ships, four in Number, went away from La Vera Cruz in December y .vhich was fooner than had been known before, and arrived .'it Tucrto Pico in February. In the beginning oijune the K ear- Admiral had Advice that forac French Ships were at 'Petit Guavis ■, three or four of them Men yi ^■'l^l>'^ who, as it was reported, was (irft to touch at the Ifland ot'Tab^i'io, lying almoll as far to the Eaftward as Barbadocs, in a- bouc II'' and 16'" Latitude. Siretching over from Jamaica to the Coaft oi Hifpatiiola., he ap- pointed the If!c oi /tjhc for his Rendezvous, which is on the South Wtft Coafl n^ Htj'paiiiola, jufl: within wliich the French have a great Settlement cali'd Port Louis, and thence plying over to Terra Fir- ma to the Bay o^Gayra, there the Squadron wooded and watcr'd, and the Men were refrelh'd, whence departing the 4th oi Sept cm- kr for his aforelaid Rendezvous, tlie Ifle n't AJhe^ the Winds hang- ing' Northerly, he was forced to Leeward, and making the Weft End ot Hifpauiola, he held a Council of War, to confidcr whether it was practicable to attempt Port Louis by Surprize before they failed to Not thought fetit-Guavas, but the Pilots not being well acquainted with the Z"^'"''''''*'' '" Entrance into the Port, it was determined forthwith to proceed to lquTs!' ''"^' the latter Place, and to go to the Northward of the Ifland Guanava^ the better to carry on the Dcfign without being difcover'd. The 13 th oi September he gave Orders to Captain Boycc to pro- capt. Boyce cced with a fmall Frigate called the 'DunkirkTrize, and the Boats ^'"' ""'* of the Squadron, mann'd and arm'd, and to range in the Night a- fl°ty'shipf*at long the Bays of Logan e and "PetitGuavas , with all poflible Care Logane and and Secrecy, and lb to dilpole of them as that they might deftroy ''^'''-Cuavas. the Enemy's Ships in cither oi thofe Roads, and to return to the Squadron next Morning upon the Signal which fliouid be made. But it he got notice at Logane that there were any Number of French Ships at Tetit-GuavaSy he was, without proceeding farther, to come cfFand join the Commadorc. On this Service the Frigate and Boats proceeded, but fome of them draggling from the reft, alarm'd the They /ail in Coali, lb that the Attempt was rendcr'd impradlicablc. theAtttmpt. There was luch a Mortality among the Men belonging to the Ships, that for a confidcrable time the whole Squadron lay at Ja- maica altogether ulclefs ; and on the 2d of January Sir John Jen- nings arrived with the Ships detached from the Streights., of whofe Proceedings thither, and while he was in thofe Parts, I come now to give an AccoLint. As it hath been already faid, he was diredted to repair to Lisbon to refit and vidual his Squadron, and although he was much inter- rupted therein by bad Weather, yet he iail'd from thence the ifth oiOffobcry but contrary Winds preventing his reaching the Made- las, he bore away for Teneriffe, one of the Canary Iflands, and Hood dole in to the Bay of Santa Crux:^ the x/th, where he ditto- '■"■■leavourd ver'd five Ships near to the Fortifications. Some of the iraaller Fii- '" jH/yf^' gates were lent m to endeavour, by their Boars, to cut their Cables, shps at Sann aud turn them on Ihorc, but the French and Spaniards fired lb hotly '^'■"'■ from the Platforms they had rais'd, that it was not pra<3:icable to make sir John Jen- nings arrivet at Jamaica. u ' .s.'; Jiillll ,|''ll- /ii Ihiii.n'.uC and iht Lcc« Jl 1 Ithmis 4'../ j.iiD.iic.i, <;; •»f itjitiil. 702 NaViirfnmfdHoiis of the Fiif^lifh, BookV. jnakc any Atfcmnt with tlic IJo;its, without laying lomc Ships li) as that their Ilioailrnlcs niii-Jit hatter the Forts ; lb that proccaliiie ta warils the Cape rmle lllaiiils, he arrived the 4lh ot Movew/^rr At St 7rdcrs i. "im his •cturn'd to his Court Court ar Madrid, had regain'«l all thole Towns which were in Pol- Itllion of his Enemies, and totally rnutcii thcni, lo that hiinltif, and tilt- General of the Ciallcons, would (lied the laft Drop of their lilood ill his Service, Thcifih of 7'«"«'»'1V it was dcrcrniiiicd at a Council of War to r:'- proceed with all the Ships, except the Northiimbcrldiid , > of /Ipril. "> ii'Ki'»'i'J- Comraadorc A>rr being left atyatnaica, he gain'd Intelligence by Letters taken in a Prize, that a flrong Squadron was cxpcdted in thole Parts from /7v»»fc, under Command of Monfieurs C'o//ow^fl.v and 7)n Cajfe, to convoy home the Gallcous, but that as yet tlicy were in no Rcadinels to accompany them ; and a Supply of Provi- fions comini]; to Jamaica from ncnce, the Comniadore lail'd the lat- ter end of November for England; who being liicci-eded in the c/.mmn,Urt Wcjl-lndtcs by Mr. JVager, 1 ihall in the next Place give an Ac- '"vy /"^"f''- count of Ir's Proceedings there from the time he lailed from hence, p^, j,^^,'/, '* and then return to Sir George Byiig, who (as liath been (aid before) w.ii-iiuiic:. was left with a Squadron on the Coaft of 'Portugal, and after that treat of Tranladions at home, that fo the ieveral Services may ap- pear as entire together as it is pofTiblc. Commadore IVagcr failed with the Squadron under his Command, A/r Watjcr which confifted ot one Third Rate, four Fourths, two Fifths, and a /"'"'' '»- Fircihip, and came to the Maderas the i6th oi ^pril, where raking i,'i'IuM in Wine for the Men, he departed from thence the 5th ofjwte, and iTi;. arrived at Antcgoa the 9th, whence Jailing next Morning, he wa- tcr'd the Ships at Monferat the nth, and came the Day following to Nevis. Departing from that Ifland, he proceeded to Jamaica, where he found Commadore /Tfrr , whofe Orders he was to obferve during their Stay there together, which was not to be more than two or three Days after the 14th oi yluguji; and at this time there was not //,.■ r,n.t- any Intelligence of the Enemy's Squadrons in thofe Parts, but their '"," "• ''" Privateers had done fo much damage to our Trade , that the Lois ,„,, j/ j.',t,^.f Was cfteem'd to be Ten thoufand Pounds. a-r irMie. " The z8th oijiuguft Mr. IVager called a Council of War, and it a co.-njcii of was agreed that for the Security of the Ifland of Jamaica, one Ship '^ •'f '^fW- fliould be left in Tort Royal Harbour, and another cruife on the Eaft part of it ; that two Frigates Jhould be employed fix Weeks, or two Months, or longer, if he thought fit, upon the Coaft of C'uld proceed to WiiuKvard, and cruifc fix Weeks, or two Months upon the Coaiiot Hi/pat/ io/a, and in the Windward PafTagc, but that it he received Advice of a/>r;/f/j Squadron in thole Parts, or of tlic failing of the Galleons from Car. thagena, it Ihould be confidcrcd at a Council of War what farther Mealiires to take. He was much hindcr'd by the Rains in getting the Ships ready to proceed according to this Relblucion, but on the xoth o( No- .vember he lailcd, and fcnt the Severn and '■Dunkirk's 'Prize a- head of him, to diicovcr the Pofturc of the Galleons, and to gain Intel- ligence. Thofc Ships joining him the ^ch of 'December, {lave him an Account that the Galleons were not in a Rcadineis to fail ; but by Letters found in a Sloop, taken in her Palfage from 'Porto Rello to Carthagena, he underftood that Monfieur Tin t'afle was come with a Squadron to Martinica, with a Dcfign of convoy- ing the Flota and Galleons from the Havana, which Squadron was much ftrongcr than that under his Command. Iking the loth oi 'December o^ of Carthagena^ he received a Letter by \ Sloop from Brigadier //«;«a<^j/5'<'c, Governor oljatnaicay with one cnclofcd to him from Colonel Parkes, who prcfiucd at the Leeward-IJlands, dated the i8th oi November, informing liiin that on the nth of that Month Monfieur 'Dn Cafe arrived at Alar- tinica, with ten Ships of War, eight of them from 70 to 86 Gmis, and fevcral large Privateers, and that they cxpcded eighteen more. This Colonel Parkes bcliev'd too great a Strength, they having Land-Forcf.s on board, :o be dcflgn'd againfl: the Leeward-IJliinds, and therefore dilpatchcd notice of it to Barbadoes, and 'Jamaica, that they might be timely upon their Guard. That very Night he left the Spanijh Coaft, and (lood over for Jamaica, where arriving the zid, he examin'd three Pcribns that had made their Efcape from Pctit-Guavas, who alTurcd him it was generally reported that Monfieur ®« Cajfe was at Port Louis with twenty Ships, fo that apprehending they would attempt Jamaica, it was detc"mined to place our Squadron at the Entrance of Port Royai Harbour, in inch a manner as that, with the AHiltance of the Fort, they might be able to give them a warm Reception ; but other Pri- foners, who came from St. 'Domingo, informed him that they had heard nothing of this French Squadron, although they had had the Liberty of walking the Streets, and convcrfmg with the People of that Place. Bv a Sloop fcnt to the Coafl of Hi/paniola, which took another ofTof Port Louis, he had an Account the i6th o^ January from the Priibncrs, that Monfieur "^Dn CaJ/'e ftay'd but eight Days there, and then luil'd to the Havana (wh'ch was on the 19th or zoth of TJccemberJ with nine Ships of War, the biggefl mounted with 66, aii.d the lead with 50 Guns, together with a Firclhip, in order to convoy the Flota and Galleons from thence, and that to haftcu them Farther Ac-^ count of Mon- fieur Du Caire. jiilv'ue of Ml nficur l)u Callc A/i I'C- beitig at \{\- vAna. he had lent a Ship of 50 Guns before him. The 4 Ii^BookV. H Chap. XX. from the Tear 16^8, to 1712. 705 m loiuitcd with 6' \::: The Merchants at Jamaica (who were pretty well acquainted wirh the Affairs of the Spaniards) were of Opinion that rne Gal- leons could not be at the Havana b.'forc May^ but that if thofc they call the Spanijh Men of War (which were four> Ihould be ha- ftcii'd away with the King's Mony and leave the Galleons behind, they might be there a Month Iboner at Icaft : Nor did they believe the Flota from La Vera Cruz <,ould arrive before yiprit or May^ though there was a Probability ihc French Squadron might quicken both one and the other. Receiving Advice, fonie tin:'^ after this, that the Spanijh Galleons \me gone to 'Porto Bello^ he lailcd the i6th of February^ and coming to the Ifle oi^Pincs^ rcn"ain'd thereuntil the 14th oi March, (luring which time he received two Letters from Captain Tudner of the Severn^ who was with our trading Sloops near "Porto BellOy giving him an Account that the Galleons would not Jail before May ; and confidering that his Provifions would be very fhort by that time, it was relolvcd at a Council of War to return x.o Jamaica^ where he arriv'd the j th ofAprily and another Council being call'd the 13th of that Month, it was judged not pradlicable to attempt the Sh'ps in the Harbour of 'Porto Bello , by rcafon ours were inferior in Strength, fo that it was refolved to proceed over to the Spanijh Coaft, and watch their Motion ; but as our Ships could not lay there undifcover'd, it was thought moft proper to endeavour to prevent their coming out of the Port ; and at this time the Commadore ex- pcfted to be join'd by the AJJlJiancey Scarborough^ and 'Dunkirk's rrize from Hijpaniola. The 13d oi'May he received a Letter from Captain Pudner^ then at the Bajtamentosy that the Galleons, and other Veflels, in all thir- teen, were the 19th of that Month under Sail off" of that Place, in their way to Carthagcnat which appearing not in three Days, though the Winds had hung Weftcrly, Mr. JVager fufpedled they had notice he was on the Coaft, and were gone for the Havana : Bur the 28th at Noon there were difcover'd from hisTop-maft Head fcvcntcen Ships, the fame he look'd for, and they confidering his Imall Strength, (for then he had with him no more than the Expe- dition, King/ion, Portland, and Vulture Firefliip) were refolved to piifli their way. To thefe Ships, which bore South, and S. by W. from him, he gave Chafe, wirh fair Weather, and very little Wind at S. S. E. and the fame Evening difcover'd rhem to be really the Galleons from Torto Bello, which did nor endeavour to get from him, but find- ing they could not Weather the Baru, a fmall Ifland, (b as to ftand in for Carthagena, they ftretchcd to the Northward with an eafy Sail, and drew into an irregular Line of Battel, the Admiral , who wore a white Pendant at the Main-top mart Head, in the Centre, the Vice- Admiral, with the fame Pendant at the Foretop-maft Head, in the Rear, and the Rear- Admiral, who bore the Pendant at the Mizen top mart Head, in the Van, about half a Mile from each o- thcr, there being other Ships between rhem. Of the fcventcen, two were Sloops, and one a Brigantine, which ftood in for the Land; X X X X two the Mtr- chant's Opini- on about tht 'ialliant. Refolved t» froceed in <]Hejl of tht Gatltons, Captain Pud- ncr fendi an Account of the Galltont. Mr. Wager difcovers the Galleoni, And chafet them. / II Mr. Wager attacks tht Galleons, ifihich lay by for him. Tht Admiral if tht Gal- ItOHt Hows Up. rht Riar- Ad- miral of tht GalleuHs cha- ftd, and ta- ken. qo6 Naval TranfaSiom of the }ing\\(h, BookV. two others of them were French Ships, which running away> had no Share in the Action, the red Spaniards. The Comma dore having been inform'd that the three Admirals (as they were call'd) had all the Money on board, v. is not to be won- der d at that he made his utmoft Efforts againft rhem, and coming near, he order'd the Kingfton to engage the Vice-Admiral, he him- felf making Sail up to the Admiral, while a Boat was lent to the Captain of the Portland to attempt the Rear- Admiral, and fincc there was no prefent occafion for the Firefiiip , fhe was placed to Windward. The Sun was juft fetting when Mr. Wager came up with the Ad- miral, and then beginning to engage, i^ about an Hour and half's time (it being dark) fhe olew up, not wiihout great Danger tc the Expedition^ from the Splinters and Plank which fell on board ner on fire, ana the great Heat of theBlafl. Hereuponthe Commadore put abroad his Signal by Lights for keeping Company, and cndcavour'd to con- tinue Sight of fome of the Enemy's Ships ; but finding after this Accident they began tr> feparate, and difcovering but one, which was the Rcar-Admirs,* h.r made Sail after her, and coming up about Ten a Clock, when he could not judge which way her Head lay, ic being very dark, he happcn'd to fire his Broadfide, or many Guns at leafl, into her Stern, which did fb much Damage, that it fcem'd to d'fable her from making Sail, and being then to Leeward, he tacking on the Spaniard^ got to Windward of him, and the King- fton and Tort land (which had by reaibn of the Darknefs of the Night, or the blowing up of the Admiral, which made it very thick thereabouts, loft Sight of the other Ships) following his Lights, foou after came up with nim, and aflifled in taking the Rear- Admiral, who cJlec for Quarter about Two in the Morning. On board of this Ship he fent his Boats to bring to him the chief Officers, and before the rifmg of the Sun he faw one large Ship on his Weather Bow, with three Sail upon the Weather Q^iarter, three or four Leagues off) ours lying then with their Heads to the North, the Wind being at N. E. an eafy Gale. Then he put out the Sig- nal for the Kingfton and "Portland to chafe to Windward, not be- ing able himfelf to make Sail, being much difabled ; and as he had a great part of his Men in the Prize, fb were there no lefs than three hundred Prifoners on board his own Ship. On Sunday the 30th, the Wind being from the N. E. to the N. N. W. and but little of it, the Kingfton anC 'Portland had left ofFChafe, but he made the Signal for their continuing it, which they did, and ran him out of Sight, the Firefhip flill continuing with him ; and he having kin by fome time not only to put the Prize in a Condi- tion for Sailing, but to refit his own Rigging, made Sail Eadward the 31ft, when the Kingfton and Port/and joined him, and gave him an Account that the Ship they chaicd was the Vice-Admiral, to which, as they faid, they came fo near as to fiie their Broadfides at her, but were fo far advanced towards the Salmadinas, a Shoal off of Qarthagenay that they were forced to rack and leave her. Thus efcaped that very rich Carrack ; and though it is reafonable Ti# Kingfton and Pottland ordtrid to chafe other ships. to I BookV H Chap. XX. from the Tear 1 6 9S, to 1112. 707 to imagine, that wlicn lb fair a Prolped: offered to thofc who were in Purluit of her of making their Fortunes, nay fuch an one as could not have been hoped for again in an Age, the utmoft would liave been done to prevent her flipping thus through their Fing'^rs ; yet the Commadore not being latisfied with their Condu<3:, and the Offi- cers and Men luakitig great Complaints, he caufcd the lame to be ftrid;Iy enquired into at a CourtMartial, when he returned to 'Ja- maica, and thereupon they were difmiflcd from their Commands. By a fmall Siz'edijh Ship which had been trading at the Baru, -^n /.cco-nn Mr. IVagcr had an Account that one of the large Galleons ran in ^^ J'^ 1^ ts '""J' there, whereupon he gave Orders to the Captain of the Kiugftoit and'heVAw:,- to take with him the 'Portland and Firelhip, and endeavour to bring '^"'i "'"^ her our, or if that could not be done, to burn her, ifpofiible, there fw-!/l"''^£"' being no confiderable Fortifications at that Place. Tuefday the firfl: oi' June it was for the 'noft part calm, and he ciulcavouring onWcthielday to get to the Laftward, found the Ship drove away to the S.W. when enquiring of the Prifoners the Strength and Riches of the Galleons, they gave him the following Account, v'rz. that the Admiral was a Ship of 64 Guns, with fix hundred ^i" ^'"""^ Men, called the Jofeph, and had on board, as fbme laid, five Mil- on'boafdthl lions of Pieces of Eight, others feven, in Gold and Silver. That Gdteons. the Vice- Admiral mounted 64 Brafs Guns, aud had between four and five hiindied Men, with four, or, as fbme laid, fix Millions; and that the Rear- Admiral was mounted with 44 Guns, having eleven more in her Hold, with about three hundred Men, but that upon Ibme Difference between the Admiral and him at 'Forto Bcllo, Or-, dcrs were given that no more Money lliould be fliipped on board her, lb that thirteen Chcfts of Pieces of Eight, and fourteen Piggs, Or Sows of Silver, was all that could be found, which were private- ly brought on board her in the Nighr, and belonged to {'ovac of the Paffcngers, except what others might have about ihera, or were ia Trunks, of which they could give no Account. They alio inform- ed him that the other Ships had little or no Money on board, but were chiefly loaden with Coco, as the Rear-Admiral was. Provifions and Water growing Ihorr, and the Commadore, by rea- foii of contrary Winds, not being able to get Eaftward, he bore up, and put the Prifoners on Ihorc at the great 5^/r//, with a Flag of Truce, and the Rear- Admiral allb with the reft at his earncft En- treaty, where he undcrftood from the Spaniards, (who were very civil) that one of the Galleons of 40 Gnns was going out from thence towards Carthageva when the Kingflon and 'Tort land ap- peared, but that upon fight of them they went in again, and ran AivUe that her on (horc, when fcttinc her on fire fhe foon blew up. ""'^ "^'' -_ ,-_ , . , Vi- (V 1 • ' A^i • Umleoris ran Mr. IVager havnig Intelligence at Jamaica that nine Ships were on jho,e and feen at an Anchor rn the B.iy oi La Gnarda, on the Weft fide o( '•'■''" '■'"'^""t- Torto Rico, as allb that others were ready to fail from Cadiz to La Vera Cruz in y^fril laft, he fent out the Wind/or arfid Scar- hiongh, which were all the Ships he had ready to go to Sea, di- rcdiiig their Commanders to join the jljjijiavce, and endeavour to sswc hh,pi iutcrcept them off of Cape Si, Nicholas, on Hi/fan tola, the Courlc{;;;| ,7,"^"/' X X X X 1 which ;/jf Lntmy. ! )• ! m v\\ I ff Captain Hut- chins has an jlccount of fome Ships at the Baflimen- tos. 1708. 708 NavalTranfaEtionsoftbehngliih, BookV. which the Spaniards conftantly fleer ; and having received Advice of the French Squadrons in thofe Parts, and ot the Galleons he tranlmitted the fame to England^ that, if pofllblc. Ships might be particularly appointed to look out for them in their Pa(Tage home Captain Hutchins of the 'Portland being, as hath been already faid, at the Bajiimentos^ with the trading Sloops, he had Advice juft upon his Arrival on the Coafl:, that four of the Enemy's Ships were at Anchor there, two of them with 'Dutch Colour?, of about f o Guns each , one of the other with the Colours of Denmark and the fourth fliewing none at all. The next Morning he flood iii for the Bajlimentos^ and when he was about two jMiles from the aforefaid Ships, they all hoifled French Colours, and drew up in a Line at the Entrance of the Harbour, whereupon he laid his Head off to Sea, and viewing them iome time, judged them to be two of 5-0 Guns, and the other two of about 30 each. By a Cannoa which he difparchcd from the Samblas, he was informed that the two largeft were the Coventry^ (a Fourth Rate the French had fome time before taken from us) and the Minion^ both from Guinea^ one of the other a French Trader of 36 Guns, and the Fourth a Dutch Ship they had taken at the Baji'tmentos ^ and that the two laft went down to Torto Bella the Day after he appeared off of that Place, the other two, namely the Ships from Guineay being ready to proceed. The zjth o? March he failed from the Samblas, and the lyrh arriving at the Baftimentosy the Spaniards who came off affured him that the two Guinea Ships would fail in a Day or two ; and his Boat, which he kept in the Night off of the Harbour of Torto Belloy coming off the ift oiAprily gave him an Account th.it they were failed the Evening before, whereupon he immediately flood to the Northward till the 3d, and then law rhem about Eight in the Morning. At Noon he difcover'd their Hulls very plain, and they being to Windward, bore down to him, firing Ibrae Guns as they paffed by, loon after which they wore as if they defign'd to engai^c in the Evening, but did not. It was little Wind, and about fix a Clock he tack'd upon them, and keeping fight all Night, near Eight in the Morning came up within Piftol fliot of the Minion, but was obliged to fight her to Leeward, becaufc he could not poflibly car- ry out his Lee-Gun?, though the Ships of the Enemy did. The Co- ventry , after he had been warmly engaged, got on his Lee Bow, and firing very fmartly at his Marts, did them no little Damage; but he being not willing to be diverted from the Minion, ply'd her very fmartly, nor could (he get from him until they had /hot his Main-top-fail Yard in two, when both of them fhot a-head, he creeping after them as faft as poffible in that crippled Condition, in the mean while Iplicing his Rigging, bending new Sails, and repair- ing other Damages in the bcfl manner he could. About Four in the Morning a Boat was perceived going from the Minion to the Coventry, fo that he believed he had much diiablcd the former, and that by the frequent paHing of the Boat between them, ilic was lending the bcfl of her Loadmg on board the other. By C.if:a:n Hut- duns Aifto- zci s iZvoHhips. tore U. BookV. f Chap. XX. from the Tear 169S, to \n 12. 709 :ived Advice Galleons, he ps might be age home, been already- had Advice, icmy's Ships 4r.s of about )f 'Denmark^ g he flood in les from the drew up in a laid his Head n to be two By a Cannoa mcd that the neb had fome Guinea^ one irth a T>utch the two laft d off of that , being ready and the Z7rh le off affured or two; and )our of Torto lunt that they lately flood to Eight in the lain, and they Guns as they n'd to engage d about fix a bt, near Eight '//(?», but was t poffibly car- did. The Co- his Lee Bow, irtle Damage ; Minion, ply'g> The French ver'j numt- rous in the Soutb-Seas. Two French Merchant Shift takmi TA«Dunkirk'i Prize left, biet .!'','!: 1 1 710 NavalTranfaflwns ^/ffc^Englifh, BookV. i VIS ial:e$ ihe tiliib jhe c/ia- feJ. ji Co'i'icil of War /"■•''. "/>- 0,, A'i-i^c 4 an in'onl'/i ytltac'-- 0/1 ]\- yinjiher C.jitiicil of V.'ar, mac cf the I'.iiciny'i Sljilai», and dilcovcr'd five Ships to Leeward, between him and the Shore, which he gave chal'e to, being then not far from Bocca Chica. They made the beft of their way from him, and got into that Place, which is at the Entianee oi (JarthagenaHdixhowx, whereupon he fi. >od off to Sea the greatcft part of the Night, but ftrctching in to the Shore next Morning, chafed four Ships, and about Six at Night came up with the Vice- Admiral of the Galleons, and a Spanijh Merchant lu comt^ up Ship; and as Monfieur 'Du Cajfe had taken moft of the Money out "^^'j^'^^'^'J'" of the Galleon, having Ibme Sufpicion of the commanding Officer th"'Gaiteons, on board her, lb was this very Carrack the lame which bad elcaped «'"' ">'<" ^"■• homMt.fP^ager, as hatbbecn before related; and coming from Car- thagena in Company of fome French Ships of War, it happened Ihe was fcparatcd from them, and believing our Ships to be thole with Monfieur "Du Cafe, (as her Commander faid) lay by the greateft part of the Day; and when Mr. Littleton came near, hoifted\y/'/2- ntjh Colours, and a Flag at the Fore- top maft Head, ib that between Fi\o and Six at Night, the Salisbury Trize, commanded by Cap- l^"^,'^'^"^""* tain Robert Harland, engaged her, fbon after which the Salisbury, /^"^ H"oii'^r'" commanded by Captain Francis Hojier, did the fame. The Com- .aaniard, belonging to the Merchant?, of about 400 Tuns, and i6 Guns, loadcn for the moft part with Cocoa and Wool. In the Month oiAuguft there being fome Trade ready to proceed to Great Britain, Mr. Littleton lent the Nonfuch as their Convoy, in which Ship Lieuienant-General//i?», and that their upon which, he J Governor with d him there was ^ raifcd by fome off of the Weft t that Monfieur he had left that im ; fo that by Medway Tr'tze^ nity of meeting It from the Cap- at on the 8th of fland and Cuboy 'on going down wry, inajerfey returning 4 Tlie VV'cy- mouili ta'fi A I'rivaitcr, A Convoy Chap. XX. from the Tear i6^S, to 1112. 715 rcruriimg to Jamaica the 17th oi'Ocloher, tlic latter hroui;ht in a Ship Ihc had taken on the Noitli fide of C«^''';' '•''"' h ing chiefly liuligo, and Sugar. ' ' Jt-ricy. The ivth of November the Thetis, a Frcttcb Ship of War taken ''" Tiicm by the I rill J for and ircymontb, arrived iiX.'^aynatca. She came cut '{(-'"I'/r 'i,',/ from A^fK' England in Company of the If^eymoutb^ but was Icpa- Wiymouth. rated fion> her three Days alter in bad Weather, and, as Mr. Little- ton heard, Sir Hovcndvn IValkcr had carry'd the IVindfor home with him, after his Kxpcdirion was over towards j^wbcck, of which I (lull Ihortly give an Account, as alio of his relieving Mr. Lit- tleton in the Command of Her Majcfty's Ships in the IVejt-lndies. This Pri/c, the 'TbctiSy was a very good Ship, being bored to carry 4,^ Gims, and was not above five Years old, fo rhat tlicCom- madore, in behalf of himlclf and the Captors, offered to fell her for the Qiiecn's Service, but the Lords Commiffiouers of the Admiralty did not think fit to have her purchalcd. The 6rh Day oiliecembcr the l^eymouth, commanded by Cap- rain Lefiock, arrived with a fmall Privateer of ft Guns, and forty Men belonging to "Porto Rico ; and wii'' the Trade bound co Great Bri- tain the Commadore fent the Anglcfey and Fowey^ as alfo the Scar- boroua^hy the latter of which Ships was taken by the two former from '{^^ll'' ' "^" the Enemy on the Coaft of Guinea, where they had Ibmc time be- fore taken her from us. In January the T>efiancc, Salisbury, Jerfey, and IVeymouth, ''.''• were crnifing to Windward of Htjpantola, in different Stations, the Salisbury 'Prize being daily expedbed in from the Coaft of Ne'-jj Spain ; and the Medway 'Prize having been lent to cruifc off* of Tetit-Guavas, llie returned with z French Sloop bound to Havana, leaden with Madera Wine, Flower, and Cocoa. The Salisbury al- io came in the 10th of February with a. French Merchant Ship of other prixn 150 Tuns, loadcn with Sug.ir from Cape Fraufois, on the North '"*'»• fide of Hifpaniola, and in few Days after flic was lent ro cruilc in her former Station. The [ferfey arrived alio the lame Day, whole Commander, Captain Vernon, being off of Porto Rico, law a Sail at an Anchor very near the Shore, and ftcering diredly towards her, found her to be a French Ship of about lo Guns. He came to an Anchor by her, and having fired leverai Shot, Ihc breaking loofc, ran on Ihorc, when the freln Sea Breeze occafioning a great Swell, a rrcnii Ihe immediately fell in pieces. ^I"^' '"" "" About the middle of Alay the Commadore defigned to lend the "' Jerjey hence with the Trade, and the Star Bomb, ihe not being in a Condition to continue longer abroad, but ihc left not the Ifland until the 1 8th of May. The 'Defiance, Salisbury, and Salisbury Prize, which had for fbme time been cruifing, returned into Port without any Purchale ; and about this time the IVcymouth and Tryal Sloop were, at the Requeft of the Merchants, appointed to convoy the Vcffels bound to the Bay of Campeche for Log Wood, which is a very beneficial Trade to the Ifland, but was entirely interrupted by the Enemy the Year before ; and here we will leave Mr. Lit- Y y y y z tleton IJl 71^ NavalTniNfat}ions(fthe'EnQU{h, RookV. i:emm4,i."0 rlcfott coming home in the 'Dr fiance ^ by Order of" Sir Ifovcndin hl!imVh"' ff'^l'^'-'f'y wljo arrived ^x'^Jatnaua x\v bcumi.my ofy/z/y 17,1, a„j ncrniiix,.««j of whole Procccdmi;'', firll on the Kxpidition to ^ucbeck, and in Mr H..VC-I1- jjic l^i'Jl. Indies atterward.s I lliall ^ivc Ibmc Aaoimr, when I have dfii Wjllicr *)riv,i «t]r related what happened ar home, and in tiie Mcdttrtraiic.i,/, bclbre nuici. the laid Expedition to ^lebcik wis It) uiudvilcJly projected, and nndertaken ; and this wiU obhge me to look Ibme Years backward having:; (as hath been already oMerved) chnlcii to ^ivc ihcic Ac- counts entire, to render the whole much lels pi.ip!excd than othcr- wilc they would have been. i-co. Chap. XXI. Contcwt'.ni'^ an /tccount of Sir Tliomas Hanly'x Pioceerlni'r^ m miH about the Clianel, till orr/er^l to the Meditcrr'a- ncnn ; as al/o offonie of our Ships hein^ taken in their PalJ'aiie from the Downs ffejlivurcl, and others in the Soundings. SI R Thomas Hardy being appointed to command a Squadron in the Soundings, which was defii^ncd not only to protcdt our Trade, but to annoy that ot the Enemy, and intercept their cniifiini^ Frigates and Privateers, he got under Sail horn 'Plimottth the 17th of OElober, and the xyth took a French Ship, with a Letter of Marc|ue, of lo Guns, after ftie had made Ionic Refinance witli i^rcic and imall Shot. This Ship bcIcMi^cd to Bourdenux^ was lo.ulcn with Sugar, Cocoa, and IndiL;o, and had taken two EngUjb Vcf- fels before, one of them boi'.id fo Guinea, the other in her Pa/fagc from Oporto into the Brittjh Chanel. Ranging up and down toe Soundings., he on the iifl of the next Month met with an Englijh Ship of War named the '^Dover, com- manded by Captain Thomas Muttheivs, about thirteen Leagues Weft from Scilly, who in his Paffjge from Nciv England had lofl; Com- pany with all his Convoys, a'jout (ix hundred Leagues from the L.md's End. Whether this was occafion'd by thcCarciclneis of the Mufters of the Merchant Ship? (which but too often harh h.ip['cn- ed) 1 ihall not determine, or whether from bad Weather at iiiJi a Seafon of the Year ; but this I may venture to lay, that ice tlic Com- mander of a Convoy be never fb careful, it is alnioli next to an Im- poffibiliry to keep the Trade together, elpccialiy in the Winter rhne, and wlien he has fo great a Run as from Kviz' England to Great Britain. Hardy°'of//o Somc draggling Ships of ours Sir Thomas Hardy met with, dii- <:.wV. to cor- ring his continuing in x\\t Soundings^ and comin;j; to "Pi'.mouib to rifMndia'"' ^^^'^ ^'^^ viftual his Squadron, there he received Orders to prj.ecd to I, BookV. Sir Ifovcndcn 'i^y '711, and o'Ifeck, and in . \vlicn I Iiavc ain\ii/, bclorc 'r<)jcctcd, and ■Jrs backward, fiivc thclc Ac- cd than other- ' Mcditcrra- //i'/7 f.i their nbcrs in the a Squadron in prorcdt our their cruifing outh the 17th h a Letter of nccwith threat ', was loadcn EH^^liJh Vci*. in her Pa/fagc fl of the next 'Dover, com- Leagues Wcfl: ud loft Com- ^ucs frnm the ciclneis of the hath h.ipj)cn- :iicr at liiJi a t let the Coin- icxt to an Im- - Winter rtiiic, '///.v/ to Great net with, dii- 'Pi'mouih to rs to prutccd to %. SjUllil. Chap. XXI. from thcTciir i6^^, to 1112. m to Co/^ to condndt fioni thence lomc honicwanl bounil /wi/f India Ships. He lay Wind bound at 'I'lituoiith ui\til the i^*\\ n{ 'Dtccm- //tr, but then lai!ini», came oflot A////./A* the 17th, from whence he orilcr'd Captain Cf'Cl; who enmniainlod the Convoy to the /:,.///- Ifidia Men, to join hinj in (.'01 k H.irliour. 'I'hcrc he waited for a Wuul uiitd the ■fth of Fchriitiryy when he pur to Sea, but met wi'b Inch bad Weather, as oMi^td him to rc- |\iir to Milford llttvctiy where he was detained until the iid, when km^Z/^m;. lie lailcd with five Fourth Rates "tic hitth, and one of the Sixrh, '""^ "i'^". havinij; in Company fitry three Merchant Ships, (thole from ludiit included) and llcotui^ tor Cafe ('oriiu/iU, difigncil to put thtmiglj between the lllauiis ol Scilly and ihe Main, Next Morning he made the Land, bur it blowing, hard at K. N K. he durll noV at- tempt to put through, as he intended, but bore away for (.'ork a- i<> foil; .i- gain, from whence lailini:; as loon as pofli dy the Wmds would per- ^'""' luir, lie arrived in the '^Voy/zj- the 4!! o\' M irch. Return! ig to c ma t^ ih, 'Plhuouth, he rcrook a Merchant Ship of Topjhaw, but as (lie was """'"5. •"'' going into Port, ihc had tiic Misfortune of filling into the Lnem)'s mum'ii','"' H.uids again, avA whdc he continued in Ilaniozt', two Frctich Pri- vateers trom ^Dunkirk came into Tlimomh % und, and carried a- way an Englijb Runner, althoiigl) four ^Diitch Capers w ere at An- ''" ^n^M\ chor in Sight, which might, had they 16 plcalcd, have P'tlcrvcd , j',^,"*')" '" licr. Being ordered with his Squadron to SpithcaJ, he received Dirc- dtions there, about the middle of J if /.'e, to proceed towards Lis- bon, for protcdling the Tranlports, Storeihips, and Viduallcrs bound from hence to the Fleet in the Mediterranean, as alli) the Trade dcfigncd to Firginia, Nczi' E»j^hir/d., and other foreign Parts, as far as his and their way ihould lie together. The i^th of 7///v he put to Sea, having under his Circ two hi'.n- dred and five INlerchanr Ships, but contr.iry Winds obliged him ^o ll'^'',/'„f//'ii^ return to St. //c/tv/s. The 3d of the next Month he reached the ha,u intoti:* length of the Start, but was forced back toTorbay, from whence '•'■ he was not able to accompany the Ships bound to Lisbon as far on tlieir way as he was diredtcd until the lall of y///(f////, Inch Diflicultics are there often met with in getting out oi" our Chanel. Iking in the Latitude of 4^' and 36 ', Scilh bearing North, ^■i''' Rafl, (lidant about twenty fix Leagues, and Cinding a Ship with our Naval Stores, which had been taken by the Lnemy, and retaken i)V a ''Dutch Privateer, he thougiit it advilcabic to lee her fafc to 'Pl'imotith with his whole Squadron, the Stores on board her being /.'.• i/.rc, a of (Hcat Conletiuencc, until another Opportunity could be met with '^ '"''■" '^v^ lor her piocccdnig to the Port whcrcio ihe was deligncd, lince ic si,r:> ui-\\. was not certain whether Monfieur 'ZJ« Cue Troz'iue was at Sea, or liiuuiii. gone into Rrejt. * I may not omit acquainting you, that before Sir Tbnmaa Hardy parted witli the Ships bound to Lisbon^ he, in the Latitude of 46'' '^"; ^>>k',^ and s'4'" North, the Li z-ard bearing N. R. diftant about ninety three T^^j'i '^^.^'' Lc.iguc.s, dile'ovcrcd, as it was believed, Monfieur Dn Guc Troviuc\ ,i,.j, .v,:h Squadron , which , as he had before undcrftood , were two Ships "^••';'f«' ■ » Ol r; >-.•/ '1" I'nias liiet lino iht Sta, for !-ecu ti:y of li.e ii.i.:., :k:. 7 1 8 NavalTraii failions ofthe Englifh, BookV. of 70 Guns, two of 60, one of yo, and one of 40. They brought to to the Wcftward, bearing N. E. of him, and being then at a great diftancc, wore round I'omc time after, and flood upon the other Tack Eaftvvard, under their Toplails and Courfes, with a fmall Gale at N. W. Upon this a Council of War was called, and confidcrinc; that the Prince's Orders to Sir Thomas Hardy were thus ; That if in his Pafligc into the Soundings he Ihould get fight of the afore- laid French Squadron , Captain Kirktown of the '^Defiance fliould, with the Ships of War under his Command, and the Tranlpnits Storelhips, and Vi(5tuallers, make the beft of their way to Lisbon^ and he give Chalc to the Enemy, but that if he could not conic up with them, he fliould return to a proper Station in the SouiidiugSy and :hcrc cruife for the Security of our Trade ; and he finding that the Enemy's Squadron were Hull to, almoft in the Wind's Eye ; that it being near Night, our Ships would loon lol'e Sight of them, lb that it was to no purpofe to continue the Chale; and confidcr- ing that the Ships with Captain Kirktown were not of fufficicnc Strength to deal with them, it was determined to keep Company with !iim until he fiiould be about one hundred and twenty Leagues from the Land's End, left the Enemy fliould, by getting by our Squadron in the Night, take or dcftroy many of the Merchant Ships ; and a fuflicient Strength was kept in the Rear of the Fleet to prevent Av cidents. Parting with the Ships bound to Lisbon^ he cruifed in the Lati- tudes of 49', and 46* and 30"", for proteu Gue Troviney MonpturDM joined by that of Monfieur Foitrbin'Sy both employed on P"vatc ^^^v '""^ Accounts, although all, or moft of them, were Ships oi the French Pouihin's King's Navy, one of 71 Guns, others upwards of 60, fome of ^Of squadrons and none of them of lels than 40. With thele Ships they engaged derUnd^he- a coi>fiderablc time, while thofe under their Convoy fecured them- fter, and Ru- felves to Leeward ; but being much overpowered, the Cumberland^ ^1- (whole Commander was ibrely wounded) as alfb the Chefter and Ruby, (after having received from, and done very confiderable Da- mage to the Enemy) tell at length into their Hands; the Devon- fl)ire blew up, as Ihe maintained a running Fight againft fcveral Ships Ut Devon- which purlued her, and the Royal Oak, fteering another Courle, a '^'f« *'""" fccond time efcaped. Thefc Ships of ours were of very great Force, ''^' ^nd and had they kept together under Sail, (as I have oblerved in the Royal Oak «- Cafe before-mentioned) muft have made a very formidable Battery, ^"'^"' whereas (cither by Accident, or otherwile prevented, it is likely, in m yifnrwar.ls a Cwimijfioner of the Navy. doiijg 720 NavalTranfaBions of the Englifh, BookV. doing it) the French Ships, being ma:iy more in Number, had Op- portunities of attacking each of thcra fmgly with two, three, or more at a time, and lb got the Advantage. I now return to Sir Thomas Hardy, who coming to London to equip hirafelf for his Voyage to the Mediterranean, took his Jour- ney by Land to Tl'imouth, where I e had Expedtations of meeting the Fleet, but heard at Exeter that Sir John Leake was failed the Day before. Arriving at 'Pl'tmoHth, he met with the Burford, a Ship of the Third Rate, and in her proceeded to Lisbon^ where he came before the Fleet reached that Port ; and here we will leave him going with the Admiral up the Mediterranean, until he re- turned in the Year 171 1 to England, aud give fomc Account of the Proceedings of the Lord "Durjley in the Chanel, and Soundings, who was at this time Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron of the Fleet. Chap. XXII. Contain'mg an Accotmt of the Lord Diirfley'^ Proceedings w'tth a Squadron m the Soundings , and of feveral French Ships taken durtng his Lordjhip's commanding there. 1708, TH E Lord 'Durjley the beginning of June had been off of 1)Jhant to inform himfelf of the Enemy's Naval Preparations at Breft , and determined when he had feen the outward bound Trades well into the Sea, to cruife in a proper Station in the Sound- ings, and from thence to fend three Ships to Irelana to convoy to England the homeward bound Eafilndia Ships. This done, and his Lordfliip being off of Kinfat,^ the 17th of June, under Orders to intercept a French Squadron which had been dilcovercd o^ oi Gallway, he determined to proceed within twenty Leagues of the Port oiBrcJf, and to lie in a fair way between that Station and Cape Clear, in hopes of meeting with them, but after cruifing thus fome time, to proceed off of Kin/ale for Inrclligcncc whether they were yet on the Irtjh Coaft. Not feeing the Enemy in his Station, he accordingly ftretchcd off of Kinfale, and there meeting the three Ships he had appointed to protcdt the Eaft-India Men, he ordered Captain Owen to proceed with them to 'Flimourh, and his Lordihip himfelf joining the Trade from New England, ac- companied them off of Scilly, lending them from thence into the faid Port of 'Plimouth with two Ships of War, befides their proper Convoy, which he ordered to return and join him ten Leagues S. VV. from the Lizard, The Chap. XXII. from the Tear 16^8, to 11 12. 721 The x6th of Jfuje his Lordlhip dialed three Ships which he dif- "■'' i-"- V^v covered near the Land's End, one of tlicm of about .to Guns, or be- i.>l^{"i,'!7<' f . twccn 40 and ^o, the other two oi' about 30 Guns each, but they flicu'iny /''/v//fA Colours, Itood away S'uirh Eaft for their uwnCoafr, our Ships w hich were moll; of them foul, not being able to come up witli rhcni ; a Misfortune th.it diccn happened both befo.c, and aiccr ; for the Enemy coming nur of their Ports clean , to prey chiefly on our Trade, were, gcneially Ipcaking, in a Condition ei- ther to fake or leave, as they theiul'elves plcalcd ; whereas our Ships were freiiucntly foul, and conl'cquently could not have the like Advantage. Nor was this Inconvenience to be avoided ib of- /;.m ;;„•( xiiy ten as othcrwile it might have been, had there been lei's occafion in i""- i^''>j •''"■ a time of lb great Adtion, to vary the Stations of our Ships, by "'u.,Z','."" ' appointini^ them lomctimes to tlii-', and then taking them oiT for .ing ahiioft cahti, they got away, one of thcni mounting 34, and the other i6 Guns. The Prince being dead, and the Qiiccn taking into her own Hands for a httic while the Aliairs of the Admiralty, wherein I had the Honour to lervc Her Maj.lly, ilic was picaled to lend Orders by hepi ihc y..t- Exprels, to the Lord 'Dtitjlcy at 'Plimouth, which he received the "'-v'n'ii'h" ^^^'^ o\' NoLcr/ibir, to proceed into the Sowidings, and to iiie his ...i;,/ ' utnioft Endeavours to prottd; the Trade coming from the Plantati- Uri i)u:ilcv Qiis^ am] other remote Parts; and although his I.ordfliip was ap- 'jorud'l'iik " p'thcnfivc that Monfieiir 7)// Cine Troviiiui Squadron was come to BrcJI, and that if he Ihculd be joined there by Ships from Dun- kirk, his Force would be much liiperior to w hat he had a Prolpcdt of having under his Command i yet on the 30th D.iy oi Novem- ber he put out from the Port of Trlimonth, but was forced back by contrary Winds, as he was loon after to Torbay, whence his Lord- ihip attempted to lail the beginning of "December., mean while the Salisbury took a French Piivatccr of 20 Guns; and the Earl of ^■'cmbrokr being now a iccond time appointed Lord High-Admiral, the Lord T^urjley dcfired his Squadron might be cleaned, in order to his being more capable of doing Service againfl: the Enemy. The z^th oi 'December hisLord.iiip law two Ships, which chafed hun, bur, when they came near, bore away. He followed thcra Lord Durney until he was within Gun-lhot, when their Commanders lightcn'd chutes tiva thci^i by heaving many things overboard, and lb eicaped, one of )• tench b/xftj , , -'. ,■ P ^ Ft i j i i '^r.i • i rf vorce, h»t theiii beuig oi 6-) Guns, and the other 5-0, and had our Ships been ihe^ ejcaped. clcau, they might in all Probability have given a good Account of them ; but all that his Lordlhip was able to do during this Ihort Cruiic, was the taking a French Nexzfonndiahd ^mkzt. Hi! Lor.i.hip Returning to 'Flimouth, he received a Commiflion from the Lord "//*■''""■'"■"" High- Admiral, by which lie was appointed Vice- Admiral of the fhe'ii'tc. White, ard the i8ih o'i "January had Orders to caufc all the i7tv' Ships of his Squadron to be cleaned. His Lordlhip failed the 14th of February with one Third Rate, and thr:e Fourths, and off of the j'ri^is laiau. Start thc Afedi'ay took a French Privateer of iz Guns. On the 17th he was joined bytwo other Ships of thc Fourth Rate, and one of thc Fifth, and the Dartmouth raking another Privateer of II Guns, ihe was ordercil with her to Tlimoutb, where if thc Leak fhc complained of could be flopp'd, fhc was to proceed to thc Do'-jjns with the Trade. i.'.rA Diiiiky The lid oi February his Lordlhip fell in with eleven Sail, about ^'!u- cnVx'lllv "i^^'c'ves Leagues Irom Scilh, having then with him no more than -h^iiuneog.^h'^ Kent, 'Flimouth, Monk, i^nd Litchfield. This happened about Three in thc Morning, and their Lights being difcovcrcd, he cauled the Ihe lull I of l'i.ii:bro! e alfn'inU'it a jcoitt titne Lord Hii'i- Adiniral. f ?v\ ' BookV. rom a 'Dutch on. vccn the Li- 'nbet\, and on m Martinico, h two Priva- igcd them lor one of thcni cr own Hands cin I had the nd Orders by received the ind to ule his the Plantati- Ifliip was ap- was come to >s from 'Dtitt- lad a Prolpedt y of Novem- rced back by nee his Lord- :an while the i the Earl of -ligh-Adiuiral, nod, in order c Enemy. , which chafed ollowed them idcrs hghten'd caped, one of )ur Ships been od Account of ring this Ihort er. from the Lord .drairal of the jraufc all the ailed the 14th and off of the uns. On the rth Rate, and :r Privateer of where if the to proceed to en Sail, about no more than appened about red, he caulcd the Captain Tol- Il'I, and the Ficnch. Chap.XXII from the Tear 169s y to IJ12. 723 the Signal to be made for Wearing, which was done, but not without hazard of failing among the Encni) , and the 'PUmonth and Litch- field^ not Iceing the Signal, flood on. It was fuch thick Weather that it could not be dilcerncd what they were ; however his Lord- Ihip dcfigncd, by clapping on a Wind, to get to Windward of them, that ib, if polliblc, he might join the Ship^ and Trade coming from Lisbon, and thereby make liimfelf ftroug enough to engage them, but milTing of them in the Night, and ttrecching in for '•PLi- mouthy Captain Stuart of iht 'Dartmouth , who not long before had been lent in thither with his Prize, (as hath been already men- tioned) acquainted his Lordfliip that he had been chafed by nine large Ships off of the Lizard y which he judged to be the very lame he met with, and that had fallen in with, and engaged Cap- tain Toilet in his PafTage from Ireland, which Adion being Ibme- what remarkable, I Ihall, in this Place, give the following Account of it. On the zjth oi Ap.il, in the Afternoon, the faid Captain Toilet a [mart oif- fet fail from Cork with his own Ship, the Ajfurance, of 70 Guns, f"" ^""'"'» the Sunderland of 60, and the Hampjhire and Anglefey of fo Guns ^Ih^p, "{.,7^ each, being join'd by the AJJlftance, another Ship of the like force, and the Trade from liinfak. In his PafTage the Anglefey and Sun- derland loft Company, and on the 6th in the Morning, about Five a Clock, he faw four Sail ftanding after him, as he was fleering away E. by N, the Lizard bearing N. N. E near eight Leagues diftance. About Seven they came within random Shot, and then brought to, whereupon he made the Signal for drawing into a Line of Battel, and another tor the Merchant Ships to bear away for their Security, which (according to uliial Cuftom) they took no notice of, but ftraggled Ibmc one way, and fome another. About Eight the Ene- my bore down, having drawn rhemfelves into a Line, and when they were come within Musket- ihoc, they hoiftcd French Colours. The Commander in Chief, who was in a Ship of 70 Guns, or up- wards, came ranging along the Larboard fide oi t\i^ Affurance, com- manded by Captain Toilet, and fell on board of him, fo that they ^'engaged Yard- Arm and Yard- Arm for almoft half an Hour, during which time the French Ship plying him with fmall Shot, cut off* moft of the marine Soldiers, and the Seamen quartered upon the Deck, after which ihe fell off, and came on board again on the Lee fide, firft ranging on his Bow, and then on his Qiiarrer, whereupon he fired into her his upper Deck, and lower Deck Guns, iulbmuch that he obliged her to quit him, and then fhe ftood away a-head af- ter the Merchant Ships. The other three, of 40 rud f c Guns each, came ranging along his fide, firing many Shot into him, and after that bore away as the other Ship had done. The Daraigc the Af- furance received was very great, her fides being in many Places fhoc through and through ; her Shrouds and Backftays, as alio her iiaia and falfc Stay cut in pieces; her FoTcfail and Fore top- fail very much torn, the bcft Bower Anchor carried away with a Shot, one of the Flukes of the Ipare Anchor likewilc Shot away, and the imall Bower, by the French Ship's boarding her, forced through her Bowes. Z z z >. i When m 724 NavalTranfa£lmisofthcI.'i\g\iih, BookV. 1 701;. When her Commander had made good thcfc Damages as well as rime would permit, all the Ships oFWar Lore down ro'lcciirc tholcof the Merchants, and cxpcdlcd a Iccond Engagcmcnr, but the Enemy de- clining it, flood aw.iy to cnt oft'lbrae oi^ the Convoys, \v!)ich might, had they regarded his Signal, huvc gotten iale in with the Shore. Some of them he brought into 'PUmonth., and while he was engaged he law others bear away for Falmouth^ lb that ir could not then be known how many had fallen into the Enemy's Hands. The Difpute laftcd about two Hours, in the beginning of which Captain Tullft was wounded upon the Deck, where (having been il' brforc) he was carried in a Chair. Tiic firft Lieutenant was fhot in the Leg, which he got dreflcd, and then returned to his Charge. The Iccond Lieutenant was killed, as were Icveral of rhoic French Officers which were brought from Irelaudy but more of them wouncl- cd ; and in the whole the JlfHrance had twenty five killed, and iifty three maimed, ibme of whom died ; for the Enemy making their chief Attempt on her, ihc was icvcrely handled, the Hamp- Jhirc having no more than two Men killed, and eleven wounded, and the ylj/f/ance but twenty one wounded, and eight flain. Let us now return to the Lord "jDmJlry, who the 10th oi' March ordered three Ships off" oi Bnjt for Intelligence, one of which was to bring him the iame ro Tlitnouth, and the other two to crnile ofT oi Sciily till his Lordihip joined them ; mean while the Salisbury T««s,il!il...iiy took a French I Fiji India Ship, which proving vc-y leaky, moft /jjf. rfhrcnJi of the valuable Goods were taken out of her, Itfl Ihc Ihould foun- The 19th of March his Lordfliip received Orders to condud the Ships bound to Lisbon well into the Sea, and much about this time he had an Account that Monficur 'Z)« Gue Trovine had been icen the afth of the fame Month with Icvcn Ships, in the Latitude oi' 49'', Wcfting from Scilly about thirty five Leagues ; which being con- firmed by the Mafter of a Ship of lo Guns, taken and brought in by the Ronifiey, his Lordihip purpofed to leave the Tranlports and Trade bound to Lisbon to the Care of ibme Ships of the States-© General iiiddcnly cxpcd:ed from Tort/month, and to have proceed- ed to Sea immediately in Icarch of the Enemy, but they not timely arriving, he took under his Protcdion the afore laid Tranlports and Trade, and had no Iboncr parted with them in Safety, than he nil- covered two French Ships of War, which had that very Morning taken one of ours called the Brijlol, of fo Ciuns, the Captain of her being in Search of our Sijuadron from 'Fiimoitth. To theic Ships i.inl Durfley his Lordihip gave Chafe, and retaking the lirijhl, (ready to foun- der by rcaibn of a Shot in her Bread-room) he ordered the two llcru- moft Ships to lie by her. His Lordfliip followed the Enemy from Six in the Morning until Nine at Night, but finding the biggeft Ship ouriaiicd him, which he afterwards undcrftood was the ylchillcs, conmunded by Monficur T>ti Gue Trovine., he made the Signal for the hcadmuft Ships to leave ofTchafuig her. On the other, called the 67<;/;t', of-i-iGuns, hey gained, and the Ghcjtcr, commanded l>y Captain Thomas Mauhe'i^s, retakti our >ihip the bri- llol. and chafti foi/ie 0} the French ^hip. Chap. XXII. from the Tear j6$>8, to 1712. 725 Matthfuas, comiii;.; up wirhin Gun-ihor, coiiiiiuicd fi near as to keep Si_i;ht oF hor all Nij^hr, and by i'allc Fires flicwcl our orlicr Ships what Coiirlc \\c Ik-cr'tj, lb that ihc luricudcr'd, att:r cnj^aging ii'-- Go.ie loinc time. ' '•"'" The lotli oW1p>}l two Imall Ships were taken, as \"is on the 7th i; v. of i^/rfy a I'rivatccr cairymj; 14 Guis and ont- hundr-d Men ; but Y''" Z"*"^ the I'rnvirions in thj Squadioa growini; very Ihort, his Lonlfliip was obliged to rcnun to 'Flimoiith the nili, witii one Third, and Icven Fourth Rates, and tlicrc he had an Account that the S'U'ecpJlakc.u a Sliip of n Guns, ha() been taken, in her PafTigc our Swpep- Wcduard, by two of tlie Enemy's Piivjteers, each of which |,ad ''''^" "'*"'• more Men than were on board the laid Frigate. The l.nxd'DinJlcy comiiig from 'Plinirjutb to Loudoiiy weiit down i.crj Duilcy to the Nore rlie i6fh or '/"A, and on the 21ft lailcd from thuicc ",""" " . With a vS(.|uadron oif 01 ^c.mirjuin \\\ Zedattd^ in order to inrcrccpr „ /r. lar,/! fomc Ships with Corn, coming (r',m the North, iiir Snpj ly of rle -""""""' « Enemy's Army in Flaiulers, bur not having the good toriunc o( j y'^^"^\^^_ meeting with any of them, he procccdco to Ouz.y B.'y. The 5-th o\' (Jc/ober liis Lordiliip repaired to Spui-^.d, and failing "" ic-djlnp from thence, came to 'Piimontb three Day- alier, wnh one Third \''',ll',ii'.,l,l ,hc Rate, and two Fourths from whence he t'llpattliid rhvec Ships of ;;(.-■., .vj^*- yo Guns to cruilc in Ihljtol Chanel, and Captain J:i:crvt with fix '^"''*- others to cruilc in the Latitude of 48' and 30'", am.' 5'o ', Wcfliiig from Scilly from twcnry to thirty Leagues, for the Sccuni) of a confi- tlcrable Fleet of Merchant Ships cxpeded from the/Z'ty/ ludu's., and lomc time alter he himtelt iailed to join them. When hisLordliiip was Ci9^ oi Scilly the 31(1 o^ Oflober, he rcrk tv.-o Prl^n a Ff\'ncij Ship from Giuidalupc, and a Imall Privateer, and mecriiig '■'**"■ the Fleet from Bai bndocs the id o\ 'Dvciuibcr., he appointed iome Ships to ftreng'hcu that Convoy, and lent two Frigates oR' oi'BrcJl for Intelligence. The latter end of November Captain Hughes of the IV'tiichcfter chalcd a Ship, which proved to be iiT)ntcb Puvatccr, whole Com- mander being required to flrike, he, inftcad of paying thar due Rc- IpciSt to the Flag o'i England, fired boih great and Imail Shot into 'wWmclie- him, but bdiii' anl'wered in the fame manner, after an obllinarc Dil- IV'' 1"! " putc, (though it was known the IVnichijlfr was an Etiglijh S\\\\i ucr h^ve a of War) the Commmanding Oiliccr was killed, and between thirty ^'"ll''- and forty of the 'Dutch Seamen. On the yth oi '■'December the Lord Drrjley (who was then Vice- ur.i Durdey Admiral of the Red) order'd Ca;vain Ilarti.'ol of the Rejlanratton '""-^r'''"- to cruilc witii that Ship and .our more, between the Latitudes of jVeK'/i' 49 and 50', Welling from Hfrecn to twenty Leagues from Scilly, to prote<5t Icvcral Eajl-lud a Ships and their Convoys fxoxxi Ireland., and the zd of January was going fi om 'Flmouth witii Icven clean Frigates to relieve them ; but being ordered to accompany Sir Jolm Norris in his way to Lisbon, his Lordlhip lay Iome time after that in the appointed Station, e'er he was forced from thence by con- trary Winds, and during his being ou this Service, he took a Priva- teer 725 NrvalTrarif/iBions of the Englilh, BookV. Olhtr Priiei tak n. pm.ts takin. tccr of lo Gutis, and retook the St. 'Peter of 'Ditbltiiy which had been I'ei/.cd by the Enemy oi( oi Cape Clear. The Eiijl-lndia Trade bcini; not yet arrived from Ireland, his Lordiliip appointed three of the Ships under his Command to fee them in Safety from thence, and the iifl: oi February k.\\q Kent brought into Tlimouth a Imall Privateer, and a French Merchant Ship, as the Rcjtattration and Augtift did the next Day four more which were bound from Nant-z to Martinico; and not many Days after his Lordfliip appointed the Rcltanration and Augujl to lee two Eajt-India Ships well into the Sea, but by contrary Winds they were forced back again. The loth of March the Moiintague took a Privateer of lo Guns and his Lordfliip having Icen the Eajl-India Ships, and thole bound to the Ifle of May^ a hundred and fifty Leagues from Scilly., return- ed to 'PiimoHth the t^th of May ; Icvcn Days after which the Lyon^ Other Prizes Colchcjlcr., and Litchfield brought in four Prizes, two of them Pri- ifl'in, vatcers, the others Merchant Ships, when his Lordlhip leaving the /.»r^''Duiney SquadroD , he came to Town by Coulcut of the Lord High Ad- comtt toTown. jnital. J7I0. A Council oj IVar held, and C 11 A P. XXIII. CoHta'tnwg an Accouyit of Sir John Norris his Proceedings toivarcls the intercepting Jhme French Ships of H'or^ mid Merchant Ships with Corn from the Baltick. UPON Advice that the Enemy expe(5tcd a very confiderable Quantity of Corn from the Balticky and that the VcHels were to be convoyed by four or five Ships of War, S'w John Norris, then Admiral of the Blue, was ordered with fix Englifh Ships to proceed to the Sound, and to endeavour to place himfelf in liich a Station where he might moft probably meet with them upon their coming from thence. He was diredted in his Paflagc to endea\^)ur to gain the beft Intelligence he could concerning them from any Ships or Veflcls he might meet with ; and if by this means, or otherwife, he fliould be affurcd they were lailed, and that he had not any Pro- Ipcdt of coming up with them, he was to return to Tarmouth Rond?, and there expedl farther Orders. Thefc Inftrudions he received by a fmall Frigate called the Ex- periment, the Commander whereof informed him, that he had feen on the 13th of June, off of the Galloper, fix French Men of War, (landing N. N. E. with all the Sail they could make, and that he judged them to be bound to the Baltick. Thereupon he called a Council of War, where it was determined to keep m their Company a Ship of the Third Rate, and another of the Fifth, which I a- '•on. Proceedings 's of I^Varj tick. condderable : VefTels were Norris, then IS to proceed Lich a Station their coming i\feur to gain any Ships or or otherwife, not any Pro- mouth Roads, illcd the Ex- that he had Freud) Men could make, Thereupon d to keep in : of the Fifth, which ¥n A ilouiicil of IVur helil. w 'uch h.ul }u\\ \>c oic ji.iiic'J him, ami to llrikc Gioutid on tiic ■/"''■'' Ili/fiymk (whicli liC'^ on rhc C\)a(l oi jiitLi'ul) in twenty Fathom ^uti Warer, as hciiii» ju'^cl the inofl: proper Station to meet the Kncmy ^'" ' coining from the Sou, id, or ochers l^oing rhither; and atrcr Iiaving lain there Ibmc time, ro proceed between the Scaiz) and Matjicr- liiu!t, and there, and ar the Montli of the Sound, to contiimc un- til the Provifions of the Ships Ihuu'd be reduced to three Weeks at whole Allowance. The lyth oijiiiie he arri\ cil between the Sca'-jj and Macjlcrlatidty and lent on ihorc for IMors skilled in the Cntcg^t and Suutid. Our i.omcward bound Convoy at Macjtvrlaudt informed him they failed tiom Eljtnorc the i5Th o'ijitnc, where they left three freitcb Pri- vateers, of 11, i(^, and lo (juns loaticn wit!i Corn, bur had not he ltd of any others in thole Parrs. Sir '^fohn Norns nude the bcfl: of his way to that Port, leizing on a '^Daiie "'"ch had been cleared wjohnXnr- thcre a>. a French Ship, and rhire he was i.. orr. ' that the Enemy [.'" y"'"" L:'- iiucnded to convoy their Corn in N^urral •«'iips d that there was near a hundred l^utch Vcllels taking in •., r I.' uding, which the Envoy from the Stares (jcncra! was ap'^ '^i. ■ c they would carry to France. Calling aCoun.il of War then. . ;)!', it was determined to rtrcngthcn the Convoy b(;uiid from M tcjiet lardt, and to endeavour ro ftop all Ships w ha' ever loadcn w i Cc ; from proceeding out of the Sound, until the 'Dutch Convo) atiivcd to carry their Vcl- fels diredly to Holland, The id oijnly he had Advice the three French Ships before- mentioned, v\'hich fiiled liom FJfinorc, were at Hammer Sound in Norway, and conicqncntly a. N :ufral Place, but not fortified, and thither he icnt four Frigates to look out for them, or on the Coafts thercibonrs, but they had not rhc good Fortune of meeting them. Sjveral Soi'edijb Ships he flopj-'d loadcn with Corn, bound, as they pretended, to Holland and 'I'ortu^al., and this under a Pretence left the Encmv Ihould meet them ar Sea ; but the Court of ^Denmark took U.nbragc thereat- and the Governor oi Eljinore let him know, that if he continued to ftop Ships from pading the Sound, he ihould he obliged to force him to dcfift. At this time Sir John Norris was between the two Caftlcs at El- finore and CroncnbnriiJ}^ one belonging to the "Dane and the other to the S'zicdc, both of which, ar his Arrival, had anfwered his Salurc, fiom whence he oidcrvd one of the Ships under his Com- mand to go out of the Sound, and to endeavour to prevent all Vef- Icls fiom pafTing; loon after which he received Orders from the L'/ird High Admiral, wiMi the Qiieen's Approval of what he had done ; and on the nth o'ljuly Rear- Admiral Convent arriving with twelve T)ntcb Ships of War to convoy home their Veflcls leaden with Corn, and the French Ships being lailcd, it was determined at a Council of War, tl-.at he Ihould return to England with the Squa- dron, and take the Trade from Alaejlerlandt iu Company with him, if they were not gone from that Port. Chap. Hi fends Ships 10 Himmer Sound to in- tercept the S- iiemy, and Jlfps feieral bwedifliSAj^i ■with Cora, He is fainted l>y both the Caflles at tht Entrance of the Sound. He returns tt England, 728 l^dvalTvdtifdtlions of the Engl ifh, R OOK. V. C 11 A P. XXIV. Coutatiinii!^ an /Icco/n/t of Sit CloiulL-lly ShovcH'c Proceetl- higs to^ 1,1^ a'ful from the Mcilitcnancaii, xv'ith the heai- h/'^ of o/if.-^rujy if! Spain i the /iiij/tcccfsfnl Allt^'mpt on I'houlon Ly the Duke of Savoy, (uid the hoinhard'uvj^ that Phice foon after ; to\iether vuith the l.ofi of Sir C.louclcfly Shovdl , and feveral of our Ships on the IJIii-'idi of Scilly. H I- 6. u-itl> t ani- 10 a.'fil tie /:/»,' n/Spatn \\ ing related what was done in the Sniuuiuiii^s, as well as in the North Sea, and up and down in the Chanel, let us look hack and i',ive l< me Account of the Fleet which was fittin}^ out in the Year 1706 for vServicc in the Ahditirrnncau^ under the Command of Sir (daitdflh Shovdl, who had Orders the nth o\' July to make -■ir CioiuUny all polliblo Diipatch in i^ettiiig them ready ; and on this Expedition Shuvtfii iviih went the Earl Rhct's, and the Earl of Elh^'x-, with between nine 'fl\'\\\\i*"' ^"^' ^^"'1 thouliuul I.md lorccs, Eugl'ijh and "Dutch, who were to be employed in adilling the King oi Spain towards the Recovery of his Kingdom from the Duke oi Aiijon. When Sir Cloiidtjly Shove II arrived at Lisbou, he was to take un- der Ins Command the Squadron left there by Sir '^ohn Lcnkc when he came troni the Mediterranean, under theCondudt ofSir GVr;;;ij<'/?v,v^, w ho in the IiHcrim had detached a Convoy home with the empty Tranlports and 'l>adc, and lent lome Ships of War oiX oi' Cart hiigrna., at tbe Rciincll of the Governor of that Place, the better to liipporc lum, ihoulil he be attack'd by the Militia oi' Altirciay who, fince the Retreat of the Troops from thence, had advanced, and obliged 0/ iij^.'ie/a, a neighbouring Town, to declare again for the Duke of A //J on. The 6th of September Sir Clondcjly Shozvll came to Torhay, whern the greaterf difpatch was made in getting of?' Corn and Hay tor the Horles, and Water and NeccfTaries for the Eng//Jh and'Z)///r/j Tranlports, and being in the Soundings the loth of the faid Month the Barjlenr, a Ship of the Second Rate, iprung a dangerous Leak fb that he was forced to lend her home, the Y.xA Rivers going then on board the Admiral's own Ship the A{]ociation ; and many of the Ships of the Fleet, as well as thole for Tranfportation, were not on- ly icparated, but received much damage by the Extremity of the Weather, inlbrauch that he arrived in the River of Lisbon with no more than four Ships of War, and about fifty Tranlports; but meet- ing mofl of the reft there, he lent out Cruiicrs to look for, and af- fift Inch as were miffing. Here he found icvcral empty Tranlport Ships, into which he removed thoicTroops from liich others as were render'd unlcrviccablc, and lent two of the Ships of Sir George Byig's t he tied ('.- faraeil b\ J Sioim. Chap. XX I V. from the Tetir i6^H,to 1112. 729 fiyu^'s Squadron to . jc^tHt witli Money and Ncccllarics tor rlic Army then under Command of rlic Karl oi (lallnay. Tlic i8tli o\' Novo/ihcr rhc Admiral hiui Orders not only to take under his Command all Her Majcfty's Ships which he lliould find at Lisbon, but alio iuch others as he iniyht inccc with, not employ- ed on any immediate and prcfling Service ; and much about this time the Kini; oi 'Portugal dying, things were in no linall Confufion Kint of Vox- at that Court. tugC,////. Colonel JVorjley being fcnt to the King oi Spain at Valencia, re- turned to Lisbon with Letters from His Majclly, and the Karl of (jall-Vijay, rcprclcnring the great danger he was in by the Supcrio- riry of the h-^encb and Spaniards, unlcls the Troops with the Earl Rivers came fpcedily to His Majefty's Aflillance, infbrauch that it km^.'/'^i^rn was feared things would be reduced to fo great Extremities as in /"'/" ^'" ''" the lafl: Winter; whereupon it was rclblved to proceed with the '''"'^'' Forces to /iticant with the utmoft Dilpatch ; but it required much time and pains to put all things in a Rcadinels, at a Port where but little could be had for making good the great Damages received in their Paffage from England. Before the Month of December was expired, a very extraordina- ry Accident happened, which was thus. The Admiral having ap- pointed Ibme cruifing Ships to proceed to Sea, as they were going out of the Mouth of the River the Tortugnefe Forts ftred at lealt thrcefcore Shot at them, to bring them to au Anchor, which he per- PortuRucfc ceivin^, lent Orders to our Captains to pu(h their way through, and l',l'\lZ^' accordingly they did lb, without fo much as returning one Shot at the Forts. The Court of Portugal, upon his reprclcnting to them this barbarous Ulage, pretended that the Officers of the Forts had done it without Orders, for that they were only dircdtcd to fire at, and detain a Genocfc Ship whole Mafter was indebted to the King. But the Admiral being certainly informed that this very Ship was at the fame time lying before the Walls of the City of Lisbon, and that the Mafter of her was on Ihore tranladting his Bufincls, he let them know, in a manner which became a Perlbn in his Port thus affronted, that if they offered to attempt any fuch thing again, (for they had done it before to Sir John Leake, as hath been already re- lated) he would not ftay for Orders from his Miftrels, but take Sa- tisfadion from the Mouths of his Cannon. And here it may not be improper to take Notice of fbmc very handfome Adlions performed by fome of the Ships which Sir Cloudejly Shovell thus fcnt out to cruife, viz. the Romney, of f o Guns, com- manded by Captain fVilliam Cony, being with the Milford and Fowy, two Ships of the Fifth Rate, in Gibraltar Bay, on the nth of December, they had Intelligence that a French Ship of i6 Guns, ^ hMdfom which had about 30 Pieces of Brals Cannon on board, part of thofe captain''ca- which belonged to the Ships of Monfieur Tonty which Sir John ny, ami 0. Leake had forced on fhore, lay at an Anchor under the Guns oi 'I'^'^J'"' ''' Malaga, whereupon Captain Cony, with the Ship he commanded /,iw'^" ^'^" only, proceeded thither, (one of the Fifth Rates being dilabled, ancl the other having accidentally feparated from him) and, not- A a a a a withftanding X 7 30 NitvalTraiiJailiom of the linglifti, Book V. 17^ // If 4 1 refciv' id to U»d Jroofi at Ali- cant. Tht Admiral rilurni iclji bon. liarl Rivers and the Eatl of Eirex re- turn to Lis- bon. wiihlhniiinji the continual Fire of the Town, took her, andbrouuht her off ^ The x6tl> following he gave chalc to, and came up with another French Ship, which proved to be the Contenty of 64 (iuns, which to Iccurc her Icif, aot dole under a Calllc, about eight Leagues to the Wtft ward oi Jlmeria; but Captain Cony anchoring, and order- ing the Milford and Foimy to do the fame, one a-htaJ, ar.d the o- thcr a ftcrn of him, they phcd their Guns on her upwards of two Hours, when flie took fire, and after burning about three Hours, blew up, lofing thereby great part of her Men. This Ship Mon- fieur Villars, who cruilcd with a French Squadron between Cape 'I'aios and Cape de Gads, had detached to bring out to him the a- tbrdaid Ship with Brals Ordnance from Malaga. On the 8th ot July, between Twelve and One at Nighr, Captain Cony dilcovcrcd, and gave chale to another Ship, which was called the /V/rrrwry, carrying; 41 Guns and two hundred and fifty Men, but was leiit by the French King to the Merchants, which Ship' liibniiricd 10 hnn, after her Commander was (lain, and icveral of her Men were killed and woiiiulcd. 1 he bcgiuiiiog o{ January Ext\ Rivers received Orders (xomEng- land to land the Tro >ps at Lisbon^ upon AfTurances given by the Envoy from Tortugal ar our Court, and the Marquis Montaudre that the Kuig would join a confiderable Body to penetrate into Sfatn^ and march to Madrid by way of Toledo. But ftnce it was lound that the Miniftry of Tortugal ^w\i\ have divided our Army, one half to go to Valencta., and the other to the Frontiers ofPortugaly it was at a Council of War judged impradicable for either of them, in iiich cale, to make any confiderable Pi ogrels m Spain \ and thcrc- . fore it was relolved to land them ixAUcant^ fordoing whereof Or- *• ders were fonic little time after received from England. Accordingly the Fleet and Tranfports proceeded, and when the Troops Ihould be put on ihore, the Admiral determined to return to Lisbon^ there to put the Fleet in a Condition f'^r Service, but to leave fix or Icveu Ships on the Spanijh Coafl, to afilft on all Oc- cafions. Le3i\mgy4licaMt the 17th of February^ he arrived M Lisbon the nth of the next Month ; but in his Paffage down the Straights the Bnrford met with Icveral Tranlports which had loft the Fleet in its outward bound Voyage, and he had ordered three Third Rates to follow him fxom Alicant with other Tranlports, when unloadcn, that by their bcmg lent from thence to England, the Government might be ealcd of their Charge as loon as 'twas pofTible. The Army in Sfain beiiig in great want of Money, Cloarhs, Provifions, and other NcccfTaries, he ordcr'd Sir George Byng to proceed to Alicant with Supplies, and to take with him one F»rft Rate, one Second, feven Thirds, and one Fourth, together with the nine Ships of the States General, and Ibme fmall Frigates and Fire- fhips; and on the 23d oi March Earl Rivers and the Earl oi Ej/ex came thither from Alicant, with Icveral Officers who were return- ing for England after the Army was landed ; the reafbn whereof I know Chaf. XXIV. from the Tci7r 1 6 ^S, to I -] 12. 731 r* j-j. know nor, unlcis it was rhat they had no IncHnatiou to Icrvc with the Karl of (i'illii>fiv^ who was a Senior Ofliccr. vSir (iron^i- li\ii^ Ijilct! the ?orh oi' M,tK/\ who, when he hu! put on iliorc the NwCcllarics for the Army, was to employ the Ships .V' '■;'"''''"^ under his Coiuinaiul li) as that they niiglit l)e ot mol> Set vice to the iJuh^ TiV*. Allies; and the AJnnral was nuking the n'niod Diiparth \' irh rhercft •■'">> '» Aii« of the Fleet to follow him, which were ono Ship ot the Second "'"* Rare, eleven o' the Third, four oT the Koiirrh, as many of the Kilth, befides Fircfnips M()mb<, aiul other Imall VcHlls. With tliele Ships he laiieil, and when he was ofTolCapc Sr. A7«. cent he had the melancholy News of the Defeat of cur Army in o«r /trmy ii, Spain ar rhc IJatrel oi Ahnnnza, j^rear part of the Foot bcinjj killed, -P*'" ^'«'«'». or taken I'rilbncrs, the Lord (.itillvi'av having dcfired Sir George Hjtig that what he had brought wrh him lor th ir Ule niiyht be carried to Tortojk in Catahniay ro which I'lacc his Lordiliip dcfigned ro re- trcar, and that, if poHlble, he would lave the Tick and wounded Men at ©fv/M, Gniiditi., aniH l^^ahncia, where it was iurended the Bridges of Boats, Baggage, and all rhini^s that could be gor togethe- Ihonid be put on board. Accordini'ly nc rook care of the fick aiui ./ouiuied Men, and arriving at Torto/a, there the Lord Ctiill:jiay p-opos'd to make a Stand with the poor Rcm.iins of the Army. This Service employed Sir George Byng almoft the whole Month of Aprils ind then he was in daily Kxpedtation of being joined by Sir Cloud jly Shovell ixom Lisbon^ cither on that part of the Coall oi Spain, or at Barcelona, whither he was defigned. The Admiral arriving at Alicaut rhe loth o'i May, he failed from thence the next Day, and joined Sir George Byng ar Barcelona the ^'" f^l'iiddly loins ISC 10th, whence he proceeded to the Coaft of Italy, and the latter .,,). (^a, end of June anchored between A'/a* andA/Jtik's, where he hourly Uyng, anj cxnedled his Royal Hit'hnefs the Duke of Savoy, wirh the Army j"''/",'^ which was to attempt Thonlon, confming, as it was reprelcnted to him, of thirty five thouland Men, all extraordinary good Troops, whereas that of the Enemy amounted not to thirty thouland, and mod part of them new railed, not but that they were getting toge- ther the Ran, and the Arricrc Ban of the Country, which miglic make as many more. The zyth of June the Duke of Savoy and Prince Eugene arriving, his Royal Highnels came on board the Admiral, when he was at an d«v< o/Sa- Anchor about a League from the Far, where the Enemy were en- l^l',"'"''/"' trenched wirh part of their Troops. His Highncls relblved to at- n-tt^andthi tempt the Pals before the reft of them came up, and the Admiial ':>'""> ii^i- undertook to dcftroy their Works next to the Sea, for he could place ','p"^2'e\'lt his Ships in icls than Musket-lhot, ib as to have them open to him. anamd. From thence he Ibrccd the Enemy, and Sir John Norris landing with five or fix hundred Seamen and Marines, took Poneflion of thcra, inlbmuch that about half an Hour after h.'- Royal Highncls p.iflcd without Oppofition, and the 4th of July decamped and niavrh- ed towards Thoulon, while the Fleet made way tc the Klcs of Hycrcs, our riat ^cvt rhc Admiral engaging to the Duke that if tii'c I'lacc was taken^ iid '' '^« ■/■-^ "/ \m li il A a a a a ^ he riyeres. 732 NavalTranfaBiomofthcEnQliih, BookV. I! II Shif>i apl-oint- td on proper Stations. Cannon, S ''-'■•'" was almoft under her Main Chains, and S'\r John Morris and the '" Lord 'D«r/7f;)' with very great difficulty dilentangled themlllves from the threatning Fate, befides whom Icverai others ran no linall ha- zard among thelc dangerous little Iflands. It cannot be imagined but that this lad Accident occafinncd a ve- ry great Surprize at home, cl'pecially fmce fb experienced a Seaman, and lo good an Oflicer as Sir Qlotidcfly Shovcll was had the con- dudling of the Fleer, and thai there were other Flags, as well as pri- vate Captains, with liim of undoubted Knowledge. As I cannot /.» oh'trva- undertake to give the true Caul'e of this unhappy Milcarriage, I ihall """ "" ''-" leave it with this common Oblcrvation, that upon approaching Land "■,,itn',[^ after lb long a Run, the beft Looker out is the befl: Sailer, and con- fcqucntly the lying by in the Night rime, and making fail in rhc Day is the moil: lafo, which I think this unhappy Gentleman did not do, and might principally occafion not only the Lois of him- ielf and all his Ships Company, but alio of all the Officers and M.n other shi^i of the Eagle, a Ship of 70 Guns, and of the Rowmy^ niounrrd '"-'• with fo, the former of which was commanded by Captain Robert Hancock^ and the other by Captain U'llliufn Couy. The Fin b> and Fircihip waj alio loll, but Captain Francis 'Percy, and mofl of her Company laved, and the ''Phwnix Firclliip, commanded by Captain Sail/dm^ ran on Oiorc, but was luckily got off again. 1 cannot but have a lively Idea of the danger Fleets are cxpolcd to upon entering the /i^//-///; Chanel, when coming from fo'^ig" ^j„ f^^-;^^.^. Parts, but more cipccially when their Officers have not the Advan- ,„„ oj the tagc of knowing their Latitude by a good Observation ; for being ''''"Cf "^■''i''- lent from Cadi;:, by the Earl oi Orfird, (then Admiral Riiifcl/) to ttl'I^.sai- whom ly. ■* 734 NavarirafifaElionsoftheEngVifhy BookV. H ^ whom I had the Honour to be Secretary, as I had been for fcveral Years before, to take on me my prcient Employment of Secretary of the Admirahy, I had at that time no other Convenience of a PafTagc than on a Dutch Ship of War of 70 Guns, the Captain whereof was in Years, and had long commanded in the Service of the Stares General, I will not fay with how good Succcfs. Meeting a tedious Paflage in the Winter Sciion, wherein we were cxpolcd to no little Extremities both for want of Water and Provi- fions, the Trade which accompanied us from (Jndiz were joined, when wc approached the Etiglijh Chanel, by Icvcnil oriicr 'Dutch Ships of War, and all other Merchant Ships bound trom 'Port^iqaly lb that there were in Company between three and four hundred Sail. The Captain of the Ship on which I embarked, being rhc Senior Officer, led the whole, but was lb far miftakcn in his Reckoning, that had it not been tor a Gentleman who ar inipauy'd mc in my Voyage, and who, near four a Clock in the Evening, the latter end oi 'December, went into the Main top to look out, iufpcd-jng we were, by our Courfc, very near Land, the grearefl: parr of the Fleet would infallibly have been loft, for at that very tune we were all ftemming diredly on the Rocks of Scilly. and with the utmoft diffi- culty got clear of them; fo pofuive was the ralh old Commander in his own Judgment, nor would he bclic\ c the happy Warning which was given him by the cautious Gentleman, till even he could almoft lee, at that time of Night, the danger he was running into from the Deck of his Ship. Ch A P XXV. Contalmrig ayi Account o/iV/r 1 nomas \^'AVt%'$ Proceedings while he commanded in the Mediterranean. i»'iar.5f|§ % 1:07. iht Ktni of Spain confers with Sir rilO' nias Uillii'S, I Now ret" 11 to Rear-Admiral Di/kcs, who, as hath been rrcn- fion'd before, was left with a Squadron of Ships in the AJeiii- terrajieau, to be cmploy'd in the Service of :he King of Sj>aifi, with which he iailer^ from Gibraltar the 5'th of OEiober , (being icvcn Third Rates, three Fourths, and one Fifth of ours, and four Ships of the Line, with a Fireihip, of the Dutch, in order to join feme other of our Ships coming firom Italy with a confiderablc Tranlport for Catalonia. When he was fome Leagues Wcftward of Barcelona, he received a Letter by Exprcls from the King of Spain, another from the Earl of Gall'X'ay, and a third fram our Envoy, Mr. Stanhope, defuing him to call at Barcelona, his Majefty having fome Affairs of Im- portance CO communicate to him. Iking there, the King lee him know that he was informed he had Orders to (lop at Livorne, and to BookV. H Chap XXV. from theTear 1698, to 1712. 7^5 11 for fcveral of Secretary :nience of a the Captain ic Service of cfs. rein \vc were ;r and Provi- vverc joined, stiicr 'Dutch m 'Pnrti/galy tour hundred ig r.hc Senior s Reckoning, 'd inc in my :hc latter end liiipcdting we r of the Fleet : we were all utmoft diffi- I Commander ''arning which ; could almoft into from the Proceeding'! can. ith been vc.cn- in the Aledi- )f Spain, with (being Icvcn md four Ships to join feme able Tranlport a, he received from the Earl ibope, defiling Af?airs of \m- King let liim Livoriic, and to and to Ciny tioni tliciicc the Succours from It.ily to Catalonia', then to employ the Squadron under his Command as might be bell for his Service, unul the midJlc oCjaiiiiary next; ami after that to repair to Lisbon to refit the Ships, and lor a Supply of Provifions. His Mij^-'fty r.prefcnrcd to him how highly prejudicial it would be to M'< ''">t '^ thj Common Caulo, and to himlcU in particular, if j Squadron did 'i"-^^''''" . n \ • I ;i / J ' 1 ^ « mrjit remain not conltantly remain ni the Mcditcnancan, nor only ro prorciH: ;« ihe Mcdi- his Tranfports with Corn, but to bring the Qiiccn from Italy when '>-'f''"'<:in. fhc Ihould be ready to embark ; and thcrclorc propoled that the Ships with him migiit be thus divided. Part of them to attend the t^'^g ^f Q;icen, others to Ihcngrhcn the Convoy from Italy, and the Re- ^j'/^'/; !„^X maifider to endeavour lo reduce ihc Kingdom 0{ Sardinia, his Ma- -jU.ngthi jufty haying appoinred the Conde de Crfnentes his LieurenantGene- '''"('• ral there : But it was thought neceffary that iomc Ships might be firft lent to Italy to take in a Body of Men for this Service. His Majefty alio let the Rear- Admiral know, that lliould he leave thole Seas, all Catalonia would be much ex[X)icd to the Enemy, as well as his own Perlbu to the hazard of a Siege, cjpecially if Lcrida fhould be loI>, for which Rcaions he carncftly prt/fed his flay. Upon this a Council of War was called, and confidering the Con- -^ Council <./ dition of the Ships, as to Srorcs and Provifions, it was judged ab- '^'" ^'^'*- fol'fely neccffary they Ihould be at Lisbon by the middle of Ja- nuary ; nor was it thought that the Flag was at liberty by his In- ftrudions to divide the Squadron. But it was concluded, that if when he came to Livorne, he Ihould find the Enemy had not a Si^rengfh at Sea to moleft the Convoy with the Troops dcfigned to Catalonia, he fhould then Tail to the Ifland of Sardiniay as his Ma- jcfty had dcfiicd I'he K.ng prcfTcd him again to proceed to that Ifland, and affured rA< King hiin rh; Inhjl)i!,uits wanted only an Opportunity of declaring fot ^"Jj" ''"' him, which when they bad done, himtclf and Troops might from Dukes to thence I)e furnilhcd with Bread, at this time very much wanted; t'''>""'"Su- aiid his Majefly, as a farther Motive for his Proceeding on this Scr- ""''■ vice, let him know that he bad rcaibn to believe the Tran/ports fn.in Italy were already on their way. Since the Care of that Embarcation was particularly recommended to hun bv his Inft' udbions, he i'ailcd from Barcelona the id o( No- vcmber, but meeting with hard Gales of Wind, the Ships were le- parated, nor had they joined him again the i4rh, when he was a- bout twelve Leagues from Cape Corfica, where he wa> informed by a Letter from the King oi Spain of the Lois of Lerida, fb that Lerida / Thomas met with lo violent a Srorm, that all the Ships iuf?ered very much; j^'L^orn"" and here he had notice from Genoa that all the Tranfports were rea- dy to iail for Final to take in eight thoufand Foot, bcfides fome Horfc, whetc he intended to join them with his whole Squadron, to f'l lil Sir ThoillJS D;ikcs liits, nnd Cai':,iin Hicks ccm- iiiandt. T\ w 73^ NavalTranfat}ionsoftheEng\i(h, BookV. H _ CO prevent Accidents from the Enemy, who had a confidcrablc Strength at Sea, and in all Probability might have a Defign to way- lay rhem. The I ft of T)ecember he had not any notice of the Tranlhort Ships being arriv'd at Finaly and fince the Commadore of the Con- voy had informed him that by the ftrong South- Weft Winds the Ca- bles of the Ships were very much damaged iu the Port of Genoa^ he thought they could not well be trufted at fuch a Scafon of the Year at Fmal^ and therefore carncftly defired of our Envoy that the Troops might embark at Vaco^ a little Town about a League to the Wcrtward of Sa'voria, where they might I'afcly be carried off in the worft Weather ; but loon after this he died of a rcvcr after Ibme Days Illnefs, during which time he committed the Care of the Squadion to Cupula Ja/per Hich ^ who was the next Senior Officer. It may not be improper here to 'nform you, that upon Sir T/jo- mas Wilkes's coming into the Roj li of Livorne, he demanded a Salute of leventeen Guns, which being refufed, he writ to our En- voy at the Grand 'Duke's Court, who was anl'wer'd by the Secre- tary of State, that fince Sir Thomas 'Dilkes was not more than a ' Rear- Admiral, what h» had dcraauied could not be granted, for th t the Caftle at L.vornt u^^/e,: hr\d faluted the Flag of any Crowned Head firft, but luUi as ".• • ,i: either Admirals, or Vice- Ad- mirals; and that as to the Nurrbei of Guns he demanded, Sir Cloudejly Shovell, thor.gh Admiral of the Fleet of Great Britain^ was contented with eleven, a:)c^ nfwer'd the Salute with the fame. Captaiu Hkkf as I have Ju being at the Head of the Squa- dron, he took care to ro.K. ''.t tJiv. Tranfports to Spain, and coming to Lisbon the 7':h cA Mdrch, tLer- he rcceivcu Orders to put the Ships under his Conmiaiid into the beft Condition he could agaiuft r'le Arrival of Sir John Leake, Admiral of the Fleet, from Eng- ia'ui; iJ whofe Proceedings I lliall give an Account, after I have looked he eward for fome time, and infcimed you what was done in the Cl'-ne/, Soundings, ivid off of 'Dunkirk. A Di;'l>ute a bout :he.'ahil at Livoinc. Chap. w y' n. BookV I Chap. XX VI. from the Tear 1 6^8, f(? 1 7 1 2. 737 C H A 1- XXVL 17;^. IC Kochetort. CoHta'mhig an Account of Sir Stafford Fairborii'i b\xpecl'i- t'ton to the River Char en te j as alj'o of bis. Proceedings vjitb a Squadron »/'. as ro return by the middle oi May to 'Plimouth., in regard there nr.,^]\t by that time be occafion for the Ships under his Command fcr other Services. By contrary Winds he was obflrudtcd a confidcrablc time f om patting thcfc Inftrudtions in Execution, but at length he got cff'of the River Charentc, and had a fair Profpcd 'f thcWinds would ! ;ve permitted, to have burnt the Enemy's Sh before RochelU\ a Dif- pofition being to that purpolb made ; I thus fruftratcd, he re- turned to ^Plimoiith the 17th o'i May, v lome Imall Prizes taken '''"'outii between the Ifles oi Rhe and Olerony v licrc with their Boats they 'pntet"" alio took and deftroyed ten trading Veil. is. He lay not long at F'limouth e'er h. iiaJ Orders to come to the 'Doijvns, where, on the 30th oi May .^ received lnii:ru6bions to re- pair od" of 0/iei/d, with four Ships 01 the Third Rate, three of the Fourth, four of the Fifth, one Firelhip, two Bomb-Vcffcls, two Bri- gantines, and as many Sloops. And fince part of the Army in Flanders was to be detached to OJtcud, in order to oblige that Gar- <,r stiUbrd riibn to declare for KxngCharles the Third oi Spain, he was to era- 'aiihorn los ploy the Ships in liich manner as might beft conduce to the Reduc- '■'^ '^ ^' *■" tion of the laid Place, holding Corrclpondence with the Commander 111 Chief of the Forces before it. And w 'he Duke oi' Marlborough B b b b b Ihould leiiirns tj i ■::M IM n ^iMi^.. ht Boati upon the Guard. The Wind being from off the Land, T)y the help of that, and a ftrong Tide in their favour, tlicy lliot The Trend opeiiiJ 'ame Bran gt 110 O.tcnd 1I! ■■}*-;■ !,^ r^.;f-.. ■■i ■', M. ;,■'.• i-^ BookV. lie his Grace other Service »"» proceeded ed upon him ; ic came to an s near as the an fliore, he rough was ac ng the 6rh of r all Coinmu- •me Battalions the Town, ib I Place, at the orn lent three Provifious by conftant Mo- ;oing into, or it was thought of OJlend was mped with his ting Newport f and crooked, much expofed Ic hopes of at- y all in a Clu- 'n ; but there s foon as the 3ombs thrown )y the Seamen yield. Fairborn that at FurneSy un- two or three or Horl'c from led Ibme fniail mds which lay 'cre not open- that was done Enemy killing the Train was pofcd to come re were fix of the Weftward, from ofT the r favour, they Ihot Chap.XXVI, fromthcTcar 1698, to 1712. 739 I'lttu\ A hot fre zfl'ti I lie -.),,„■ ,/ \1 iil'Kiroiigli ihor to the Eaflwaid of the Boats, through the Fire of fcveral of ilicin, and of a w liolc ikttalion drawn up along the Shore; but had there been a B.«rcry to the Eaftward of Off ink, which Sir Stajjhtd Uanborn propoicd when rlic Army came firll before the Place, \vc miglii hAve hiul as mucli Comnund of the Entrance of the Port as \\\c Enemy, who had alrcacly flimg againlt the Army an>l Trendies near nine rhoulami Slior, and two humlrcd Shells, and made iucli a eoniinued lire with their Imall Arms, that it was to be wondcr'd there was not more Milchicf doiic. Our l^.irrcrics being fmilhed we began to play upon the Enemy ;ic once w iih forty five r,rc.it Cannon, twenty fmallcr, and thirty fix Moir.irs, as did our two Bomb VcHlls, io t!ut the Town was ou ri,e rn-.,m «» fi'j in kvcral Places wi bin a (.juartcr of an Hour. This made them ""■ '» "»•"'> nio-e flatk in their firing than before; bur the Duke of Mar//jorou^/j thcl.onl A'rf^r, (tiow E.\rl oi Stydjj'oydj Coum Corf/ci/k, rhc Prince Prince d' /ItivcrgHC, and i he Prince of Hcffe, making a Vifit to Mou- ficur Awvtrqncrqiic, and in the Afternoon cncc'i;ig the Trcnche<;, they fired lor lome time lalkr than ever, believuig the Duke to be there, by the Salutes given to liis Grace by all our Ships ; and while he was in the Camp, (which was open to the Town) n here 'ic cx- poild hiinlclf very much, a Detachmcnr orCircnadicrs lo(.!g.;d them- '""'<"'>"■> Iclvcs, wirh bui lirtle Lolv, upon an Angle of th*. Counrcrkarp. The TnLZs." 14 li oi J/nje our B.ittcrics were advanced to the firll Parallel, and a grcar Number of 1 roops were Icpr r~ m.ikc the aforclaid Lodgment larger, Io that on the is'ih, wi. !> he Town was on fiie in many The carnfon Places, they hung out a Flag to capitulate. capuuUui. When rhc Arny began firfl: to fire from their Batteries, Sir Staf- ford Fiih/.'f)?!/ ordered all the imall Frigates to gee under Sail, and ftand as dole in with the Shore as pofilbly they could, and fire their Broadldcs into the Town, which they cffecitually did, receiving thcmlclvcs little damage; and this he intended they ihould daily have done, but they were prevented by the Badnels of the Wea- ther. The Garrilbn iiirrcndering upon fuch Conditions as were thought rcalonabic, the i7rh in the Morning Count La Motte with the frcnci} Troops (amounting to abour two thoulaud three hundred and fixty Men) marched out of the Town, and the two Spani/h Regiments breaking, every one went to his rclpedlivc home, when Baron Spar, with four 'Dittcfi Battalions, took PolTclTion of the Place, which vvas in a manner a heap of Rubbilh. This AfTair bc- nig over, Sir Stafford Fait born proceeded to Spitlic.id with the En(i^lijh and "Dutclj Tranlport Ships, and Troops dcfigncd !br SfAin with the Eail Rnirs, of which 1 have already given an Account. 1 been u ich Sir ■dy iff umus the Expedition to Roch'-fn*^ , and that againll Oficnd, he was ap- pointed to command a Squadron in t\\c Soiiiidi//^s, where he cruilvd cing Icvoral Ships from Lidia arrived in the Harbour of O;.^, he (ju.ilrioi in !' 'Mi iwm B b b b b X )rocce dcd 740 NavalTranfaBiom of the Engliih, BookV. lie ir'wfs I'.lft-lndM iihifs fnm Cork. 170-'-. Advice of the I'reteniler's Vejif.'n to in- vailt iheKiii^- dom. The Kavnl l>rtparations tuadf iheic- */■(•», proceeded thither, aud brought them from thence, after lie had lain there a confiderablc time Wind-bound ; but in his PafTagc to Etiq- land he met with a violent Storm, which not only Icparatcd and da- maged the Ships, but forced him to bear up for Milford Haveuy in- Ibmuch that though he failed from Tlimotub towards Cork the Z4tli oiT^cccmbcr 1706, he arrived not in the T^owus before the 4th 01' March following, having with him five Ships of War, and fixry three Merchant Ships, from whence he returned Wcflward. Chap. XXVII. Conta'tnhg an Account of Sir George Byng'^ Proceedings Northward^ after a Squadron of French Ships that failed Jrom Dunkirk with the Pretender^ and a Body of Land-Forces which were intended to land in Scot- land. IN the Month of February 170-;, there was certain Advice that the Pretender, with a Squadron of Ships, and armed Troops, intended to make an Attempt on Her Majcfty's Dominions, and thereupon Orders were given to S'\t John Jennings y Vice- Admiral of the Red, to go down the River, and halkn the Ships fitting out to the 'Downs, as well as others in the River Medway. The like Orders were given the fame Day to Captain Chrijtopber Myngs at Tortfmotitb, to lend away thole which were at Spitbead, and Sir Geoyge Byng was alio, on the 17th oi February, order'd to 'jt^oftf- mouth, to quicken the Ships from thence by two or three at a time, as they fhould be ready, and to take Men (if he found occafiou for it) from thole in the Harbour, and from Merchant Ships. y[s. Baker, Rear- Admiral of the White, was, on the fame Day, ordered to proceed with the Ships at the More to the Doinus, with all pofflble Dilpatch, and when there, to keep one or two off of 1)nnkirk for Intelligence ; and if the Enemy got out of that Port, he was direded to follow, and endeavour to intercept, or dedroy them ; bur if a Inpcrior Flag-Officcr came to the Downs, he was \\\ communicate thelc Orders to him, ihat lo he mighi put them in Execution. Thoizd o\' February S\x John Jennings was order'd immciliatcly to repair to the Downs, and from thence olT of Dunkn k \ and when he had difcovcred what the Enemy were doing there, he was, as Winds and Weather might permit, to repair to the Hats of the Foreland, x\\cDowns, Rye- Bay, or inch other Station as he ihould judge moll proper for intercepting rhcm, if he found they proceed- ed cirhci Weft a ard, Northward, or up the River of TT^rfWtj-, but to return oft of Dunkirk when the Weather would permit, and :n the mean Proceedings^ Ships that id a Body d in Scot- BookV. H CHAP.XXVII./r^;//f/;^r(:v7ri6^8,f^ 1712. 741 mean while to V^>ic proper Ships there to bring him early Intelli- gence. 11" he had Advice they were got out to Sea, he was to fol- low thc'a as far as they Ihould go, and endeavour to take or dc- {Iroy tlicni ; and it was alio recommended to him to inform him- iclf from Holland^ what Ships of the States-General were in a Rca- (lincls to join with Her Majefly's, and to acquaint the Coniinander of them with his Inftrudtions and RcndL/vous ; But if Sir Gcortje Byv^-, then Admiral of Mie Blue, arrived timely m the ^Hoijjns from Sp'ithcad^ he was to Icrvc under his Command, and he to put thclc Orders in Execution. The next Day, being the 13d oi February^, the Lord High- Ad- miral, Prince George ot 'Denmark^ fenr Inftru(9:ions to Sir George Byiig, to leave Orders with the Lord Uurjky, that if the French Squadron appeared in Sight o^ Spit bead, with an Eaftcrly Wind, he with the Ships under his Command Ihould endeavour to go through the Needles., in order to join thole coming from 'Piimouth with Captain Hoveuden J^alker *, either at that Port, or in Torbay, and, when lb joined, to come Eaftwaru, and do his utraofl to take, fink, or otherwilc dcftroy them, Ihould they attempt any thing at 'Portf- moutb ; and on the Z4th Orders were lent to Sir "John Jennings^ that if the Enemy got out with an Eafterly Wind, and flood Weft- ward, before the Ships from Tortjvioutb could join him, and that they were too ftrong for thole under his Command, he Ihould en- deavour not only to keep between them and our Ships at Spitheadj but to join them as loon as poflible, fending one ot his beft Sailers thither, with notice of his Approach, that lo they might be in aa immediate Rcadincls. Sir George By tig arriving in the Tiovjns the id oi March 170-J, and there being reaibn to believe that the Enemy's Ships were bound u was judgtd to Scotland, Orders were lent him next Day to confider at a Coun- '*'; f f^"^^'* cil of War where he might beft come to an Anchor, or cruiie for bound^l'i'h intercepting them, if they proceeded Northward, or attempted to the vrenndti come on the Coaft of England, or to go Wcftward through the '" ^'^o^''"''- Chanel. And when he fliould be joined by Captain Walker from St. Helen's, he was to confider if he had Strength lufficient to di- vide the Ships into two Squadrons, and if lb, how they might be beft employed for preventing the Enemy's getting out oi 'Dunkirk, and intercepting thole which it was apprehended were coming to that Port from Breji, wherein he was to govern himlelf according to what Ihould be determined. Having thus given an Account of what was done towards getting a Nutnbci of Ships together to oppole the Defigns of the Pretender, And his Friend the French King, and brought Sir George Byng to the Head of the Squadron, it remains that I acquaint you with his Proceedings before and after the Enemy got out of "Dunkirk. The z6th in the Morning, (having then with him three Ships of the Third Rate, twelve of the Fourth, fix of the Fifth, three of the Sixth, and a Fireftiip) he called a Council of War , and 'twas re- Advice that aed Troops, inions, and '^ice- Admiral »s fitting out K The like ?r ^lyngs at 'ad, and Sir 'd to 'Pottf- cc at a time, occafiou for js. e fame Day, Doiiiis, with two ofT of of that Port, , or deftroy vns, he was put them in immediately inkiik ; and lere, he was, Flats of the as he ihould hey proceed- antes, but to t, and m the mean \ Afttr-x\irJs a £lig-OjJieer. Iblvcd l^i; 742 Naval Trarifatlio/is of the l'ng\\{[\ BuokV. N-r Cu'o'i;.' folvcd to proccctl imtncdiatciv with all rhc Sliips inro Cr.ivcHn I«S/2r '''''^•^ oxo'XoVDntiknk, to ukc tlicbJlVic., or i;.iiu the l,c(l ihe vrtiiniitt Intdlij^cncc tliac pndibly inij;lu be ol tbc Fiiciny; and not luiow- /« /A» cij.i/? <■/ i,,,, whctlicr any Ships were joined horn Brc/, he dcfired to be llftiZ' s'o't ftien;.;thcncd, cipecially witli loinc ul I \)rce. o/// /'/ Ouu- Ir laUnm cahn on the Ebb in the Kvcninc, lie was ohii'cd to kirk. anchor wirhin Clock, ii over ro tlic Sotit/j Fori liiiiii, bur nexr i\T( on.,, 14, at 'lour a wcii;hcd attain, wirh very little Wnid at Soiuh, ..nd ll retched 'iravci'i'i Pits, where he i^ot Advice of the Fncmy's Strength by the Men ot a Kilhinn-Moat taken near the Shore, and that rhc i7rh in the Evening, alter he came to an Anchor, tlicKiiii» r)\' Fln'T^/aiid (as they called him) came to Cirarrlin with two I'oft ChaiiVs, in his way to Dunkirk, where they daily cxpcdcd Ships from Brcjl. Upon coni'ulting the Flag O fit. -ers with him, who were Sir "^fohn yr///////^/, VKcAdniiMl ot the Red, the Lord '/^//^y/cr, Vice Ad niiral of the i3liie, ivAJohii i'akcr V'.W\\ Rear- Admiral ortheWhitc, it w.is judged adviieablc, while the Winds were Wcllcrly, and likely to blow, 10 ride in Gravclin 'Pits, both for the Securiry of the Squadron, and that the}- might lie in the way of the Ships from Brijl, mean w hile to (end a Frigate to llollaud, with notice to the D; puties of the States that he was there, if they Ihould think it piDper to iciul any Ships to join him. With a huall Frigate he went witiiin two Miles oi Flcniijh Road, and had a good Sight of the Enemy's Ships, which he counted to be twenty levcn in all, linall and great, one of which he took to be a Ship of 6 ) Guns, and three of about 50, the reft linalltr, all lying with rheirTopbils loolc, the ulual Sign of their being ready ro |jil ; bcHdes which he law between 'orty and filty wirhin the Heads aho\e the Forts, two or three of which leeincd to be pretty large Ships l>-"^ diicovcred not more in the Rajiii than three, one of them unrigg'd, and another with a White Flag at her Main-cop. mall Head. If not any of the Enemy's Ships appeared from thcWcflward, and the Weather was favourable, he had thoughts of (hifring Roads and to lie for a Day or two ofT oiT)iiukirk, in the fair way for the 0- ther Chanel, to oblcrvc their Motions Ihould they come out, which if they did not attempt in that titiic, the Spring was lb far over, that he judged they could not do any thing until the next, inlb- niuch that he then intended to proceed to the Doti^ns, a Road of much greater Security ; but in this, and all other Movements he made, he reiblved to take the Opinion of the Flag Officers ; and fince the Enemy were not joined by any Ships from Brcjt^ (at lead he judged lb iiom their Srrength at iJniikirkJ he had not yet ient to Holland for a Re inforccment. The ifl; oi March the Wind coming more Wcfterly, and it feem- ing as if it would be dirty Weather, he, puriuaur tc the Opinion of the Flag Officers, plied out of Gravelin Roads to the VeRward, and the nexr Day (food over to the T)oiz'ifs ; for as the Squadron was iitied out in a Hurry, and conlcqucntly wanted Provifions, Stores, Water, UookV. o (Ir.ivcliii •liii the bed not kiiow- : fired lo be » o'oli'^cd to ,1 at tour a iiid llrctclicd lie Fiicniy's Shore, and or, the Kiiij» th run Port 'cdcd Ships crc Sir John n, Vice Ad- it' the White, ', aiul Hkcly uriry of the Ships trom loticc to the )uld think it 'ivi'tjh Road, : counted to he took to linallcr, all beiny ready y wirhin rhc to be pretty n three, one er Main-top- cflward, and Roads and ly lor the o- c our, which ib tar over, : next, inlb- a Road of 3vcnients he fficcrs ; and rrjf, (at lead not yet ient and it fecm- e Opinion of 'eflward, and quadron was ions, Stores, Water, Chap. XX V f I from the Tear is^H^to 1712. 74.3 1 Water, and otlKr Necctfaries to enable them to follow the Enemy, he rook the Opportiujity ot coming to our own Coalt, that lb they might l)e bippli tl. Before he Icit (travc/in he law the fame Num- ber of Ships in I'lctfiijh Road, and in the Harbour within the Peers, as he had done before, the latter whereof he judged could not come out until the next Spiing-Tidcs, cipccially the bigger Ships, but that thole in I'lctnijh Road might go to Sea from the Eaftern Cha- nel, ib that there was no Chance ot preventing them, but by lying on the backfidc of the Sni\ds o\ 'Dunkirk, where it was thought the Squadron wnuld be too much expoled to the Weather (o early in the Year ; bcfidcs, fliould any Ships come from Brejt^ he judged fcimlclf in a fairer way in t\\c^Do'^ns ro intercept them, having pla- ced three Scouts, one without the other, from xhc Neffe over to R'julofine Bay, with Orders to make Signals, lb as that he might have tuncly notice. Btfidcs which, he had lent two Ships of 50, one of 40 Gun';, and two Sixrh Rates olT of the back ot the Sands of 'Dti'iknky to look in^o the Road that way, and withal to ob- lerve if there were any Cruilcrs of theirs on that Station, and after they had m.ide what Dilcovcries they could to join him; and three Days before he had lent a Frigate to Holland to acquaint the Depu- ties of the Stares that he was off of Gravelin, that lo what Ships they intended to aild to our Squadron might be ordered to repair to him ; and he dcfired that Advice might be alio lent to Holland by the way of Hariuich, that he was in the 'Downs. One of his Scouts Ipoke with a Dogger that came fix Days be- fore from Nantes, whole Mafter laid, it was there reported the Ar- mament at 'Dunkirk was dcfigncd for Scotland, and that many Irijh, and others, were gone from that part of the Country to embark ia it, lb that he was of opinion that what the Fiflicrmen , who were fome Days before taken on the French Coad, laid relating to the Pretender, was true ; for at the fame time they affirmed he went through Gravelin, he himlclf law them fire the Guns round the Town. By a Letter of the id of March he gave an Account that the Wind was come about to the Eaft, and that he was of opinion the Ships in Fkmijb Road could not proceed on any Defign very fbon, fhould it lb continue, for which rcalbn he thought the Service no ways ob- llruded by his remaining in the "Downs , until he could have the Prince's Orders tor his farther Proceedings ; and the next Day it blew very trclli at North- Eall, with drilling Weather. Ihc fth of March he owned the Receipt of Orders from his Royal Highnels to govern himlclf as a Council of War Ihould think moft advilcablc, and Caprain fValker having joined him with fome Ships from the Weftward, as alio the Bedford, a Third Rate, from Tortfrnouth, himlclf and the other FlagOfficers were of opinion, a council ef that for the betrcr preventing any of the Enemy's Ships joining w»r htU. thofe iiX.'Dunkirk., and obfcrving fuch as were at that Port, the whole Squadron fliould proceed over to Gravelin 'Pits the 8th Day of this Month, tht Tides beginning then to lift, and after having viewed the Poflure of the Enemy there, either to lie with the greated part of !ti r"i! IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I lit 1^ 2.5 2.2 us u L£ 12.0 u& yi m IJ4 ^ 6" ► ^'^*" ^ Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STKHT WEBSTIR.N.Y. 14580 (716)S73-4S03 6 744- NavalTranfaihonsoftheI.ng\\tti, BookV. K Ch. ot the Ships off of the North Chanel of 'Dunkirk, or to keep un- der fail, as Ihould be thought moft lafe, and t -r at che fame time fome others ihould be lent to cruife between ^eac/jy and Tyieppe, to intercept the Enemy's Ships which might come from Ifejl Francey or to give him notice if they got fight of them, that fo he might endeavour to prevent their joining thofe at 'Dunkirk. The 6th in the Morning one of his Scouts made the Signal of fee- ing Ships Weft ward, upon which he immediately unmoored, and got under Sail ; and as he was dilpatching his Letter to give an Account of this to the Lord High- Admiral, he received Advice from Major- General Cadogan, by his Aid de Camp, who left OJteud the 4th at /tdvkt of the Night in a Sloop, that the Pretender arrived at 'Dunkirk the loth, prttaniier N. S. aud that fifteen French Battalions, commanded by the Count from General ^g Gucc, bciug to cmbatk tor Scotland, he had, in purfuance of Her <^aaog»n. Majcfty's Commands, provided Shipping at Bruges, for ten Batta- lions, which Ihould be ready to fail by the i8th, or 19th, N. S. and defired he would appoint fucb a Convoy as he judged neccflary to lee them lafe to Creat Britain. He alfo acquainted him that he was informed from the Penfionary of Holland eight of their Ships were ready to join him, whofe Rendezvous was Schoon-Velde, on the Coaft oi Zealand', and with this Letter the Major-General fent him an Account of the Enemy's Ships at 'Dunkirk, which he affured him he might depend upon. Befides this, the Gentleman who brought thefe Difparches ac- quainted him, that after he had parted from the General, he was informed by the Governor oiOJiend that the Enemy had embarked all their Troops, but that when our Squadron appeared o([ of Grave- liu, they put them on fhore again ; that fince his tailing thence, they were ordered to embark a Iccond time, and, as he believed, might in a Day or two be all ready to fail. When Sir George Byng received this Intelligence, the Wind blew freih at S. W. by W. and he intended to proceed immediately to 'Dunkirk, or to govern himlelf as the Weather would permit, lb as that he might be able to do the hcSi Service ; but it blew fo very frelh South-Wcfterly all that Day, and the next Morning, as to put by che Cruifers he had ftationed Wcftward, which in thick Weather, Our ships fall at Six in the Morning, had fallen in with eleven Sail, and were wirh- fome in Gun-fliot of Ibme of them. They judged them to be five from m utt: of ih€ Em- 50 to 60 Guns, the others of fmaller Force, and were chafed by them till they came in fight of our Squadron. Upon the Signal which thclc Cruiiers made, Sir George Byng immediately weigh-d, and ftood over towards the Enemy's Ships, which ftrerched away for Gravelitt 'Pits, and were ib f?r a-head, that he judged it to no purpofc to puriiie them, fo that he purpofed to lie off the North Chanel of 'Dunkirk, to prevent their proceeding to Sea from thence. When it was Night he came to an Anchor between 'Dover and Calais, it being then dead Calm ; but before it was Day a very ircHi Gale Iprung up at E. N. E. which obliged him to continue at an An- chor until the Windward Tide was made, when !ie got under Sail, but Chap. XX VII. from thcTeari6^S, to i-] 12. 74.5 but it hicvv fo hard, that he could not fetch into the 'DownSy where- fore ftanding for 'Dover Road, and fiuding the Sea run very high, and that it was hkely the Wind would encrcalc, he bore away with the Fleer, and for their greater Security came to an Anchor under 'Dungcf/e/f. By a Letter dated the 8th of March^ at Night, he gave me an Account, for the Information of the Lord High- Admiral, thar being in Expe<5bation of fomewhat better Weather, though the Wind was ftill frelh at E. N. E. he was preparing to fail the next Flood, and thar, ii" pofliblc, he fhould ply to Windward to the North Chanel oi 'Dunkirk to watch the Motions of the Enemy; and by another Letter, dated the 9th, at Nine in the Morning , he informed mc that four Ships of War of the States-General had joined him, and that he was ftanding, with a fine Gale at S. by Weft, along the back of the Sands between Calais and 'Dunkirk^ where he hoped to dif- cover the French Ships in the Afternoon : But upon his coming off of that Port, he had Advice they failed the 7tli at Night , and the ^^tke ofth, Mafter of a Packet Boat gave him an Account that the next Night (f ''"' ''^'''* he anchored by them in Nevjport 'I^ils, about which time they made """^' Signals, and fhewed many Lights, lb that he believed they failed then from thence, for continuing at an Anchor until Day-light, he law no more of them, but pafTing by Flemijh Road dilcovercd nine with their Sails loofc. A Council of War being called, they confidcrcd the Advice Sir ^ council 0/ George Byng had received from Major-Gcueral Cadcg^n, with that "'"^ ^"^^' from my felf by Command of the Prince, and they were of opi- nion the Enemy were defigned for Scotland ; but fmce they had no particular Account at what Place in that Kingdom they intended to land, it was unanimoufly determined to leave Rcar-Admiral Bakery with his Divifion, behind them, together with four Ships of War that had juft joined the Fleet, that fb lie might correfpond with Major- General Cadogan at OJlcndy and either with the whole Squadron, Englijh and 'Dutch, and fuch other Ships as fliould join him, con- voy the Troops which might be dcflgncd for England or Scotland^ ^'f<>^^"i to or appoint fuch part of rhem to do the fame as he fhould judge fuf- s'a'hnAafttr ficient, and with the reft to repair after the Fleer, as, upon confi- tht Pretender. dering Circuraftances of Affairs, fhould be thought moft advifeablc. And it was farther rcfblved to proceed with the Remainder of the Ships in Purluit of the Enemy, firft to the Road of Edenburghy and from thence according to fuch Intelligence as fhould be gained of them. The 13th oi March in the Morning the French Fleet were difco- ihe French vercd in the Mouth of the Frith of Edeul/urgh, off of which Place difcovendin Sir Geor(re Byng anchored the Night before, and fcnt a Boat on fhore {fj^nl,"^ '/ to the lilc of May, from whence he had an Account that they came " '^^^ ' to an Anchor the nth in the Afternoon ; that they had feut one Ship up to Leith with a Flag at Main top- maft- head, but that by tlic time fhe could get before the Town, they heard Guns fired in the manner of Salutes, which were ours for coming to an Anchor. ii C c c c c Th(9 Jht l.ncnn chuftti to Bil- ciiannds. 746 NavalTra?iJa£HomoftheEng\i{hy BookV. This Ship came down in the Morning, and was within two Leahies of our Squadron, being, as it was judged, of about 60 Guiis,%uc flie had then no Flag abroad : Not but that when the Enemy weigh- ed, a Flag was ieen at Main-top mad head on board one of their Ships, and as they ftood from Sir George Bjyng^ he made the l)cll of his way after thcin, with all the Sail he could ; but this Advan- tage they had of him, that all their Ships were clean, and raoft ot ours foul. He chafed them as far Northward as Bucbamie/s, and fometimcs with reaibnablc hopes of coming up with them, but having no clean Ships, except the IJovery commanded by Captain Thomas Mat- tbe'USy and the Ludlow Cajilc by Captain Nicholas Haddock, they were the firft which came up with part of the Enemy's Squadron, palling by Ibmc of their liualfer to reach their bigger Ships, in hopes of (lopping them until they could be ftrengtheued. Thelctwo Ships engaged two or three of the French^ one of which was the Salts- btiry^ of fo Guns, formerly taken from us, nor parted they with them until more of ours came up in the Night, but worked in a very handfome manner lb as to cut them ott from the reft ; yet when it was very dark they loft Sight of all but the Salisbury y and Ihc Tailing in amongft the headmoft of ours, the Leopard ^ com- ' manded by Captain Thomas Gordon^ fent his Boat firft on board, and took Pofleftion of her, where there were found the Perlbns here- after mentioned, viz. The Marquis de Leviy Lieutenant-General, and hxsAid deCamf. The Marquis de Mensy Colonel of the Regiment of j^geiiois. Monficur Faverollesy Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment of Auxerrois. Monfieur Monterotiy Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment of Lu- xembourg. Monficur du Guay Secquevillcy Captain of the Regiment of L«- xembourg. Monfieur deBeauforty Captain of the Regiment of Beam. Monfieur de Clervaly Captain of the Regiment of Beam. Monfieur de Blieuxy Captain of the Regiment of Beamy and Ad- jutant. The Sieur OuchaUy Lieutenant of the Regiment of Beam. The Sieur d'Engnyy fecond Lieutenant of the Regiment of Beam. Monfieur de Satmo»y Captain in the Regiment of Thierache. Bsfides fifteen Irijh Lieutenants of the Regiment of O Brian, for- merly Lord Clare's. Five Companies of the Regiment of Beam, and other inferior Of- ficers. Monfieur de Segenty CommiflTary of War. The Chevalier de Ranges y Captain of the Ship, and feveral Sea- Officers. The Lord Qlerimonty Colonel in the Regiment of Lee. Mr. Middletouy Captain in the Regiment of Nugent. The Lord Griffin. All Ihe Sahlb'.ny la'ten, wi'h fc\.eral andAd- oiBearn. rache. *riatiy for- ferior Of- ircra! Sea- It. Chap. XXVII. from thcTear i ^$8, to 1112. 747 All that the Admiral could learn from them was, that there were twelve Battalions on board their Squidron, commanded by th" Count ivhat perfem dc GacCy a Mar(hal oi France, and that the Pretender, the Lord '""'»"'''*» Middleton, Lord 'Perth, the Mac Uotiells, Captain Trevanioti, and ''"'""'"■ i'cvcral other Officers and Gentlemen, were on board the Mars, in which Ship Monficur Fourbin, who commanded the Squadron, was. The Morniny af;er this Chalc there were bur eighteen of the E- nemy's Ships lecn, and rhcy as far off as they could be dilcovcrcd from the Maft-head, in the E. N E. of our Squadron, (b that the Admiral having no Profpedt of coming up with them, he lay off and on, near Buchanuejs, all Day the 14th, to gather his Ships to- gether. The next Morning it blew hard North Eaftcrly, which made a great Sea, and he judging the French could not leizc the Shore to make any Attempt, bore up for Leith, which was thought our squadnn moll realbnabic, not only to fccure, but to give Countenance and l""","' " Spirit to Her Majefty's fiithful Snbje<5ts, and difcourage thole who *' '" had, without doubt, a Dcfign to fide with the Enemy. There him- lelf, Sir John Jennings, and the Lord T)urjley determined to remain until he could have an Anfwer to the Letter he wrote to England, which he Tent by Exprcis, unlcls they had Intelligence, or fhould have reafon to believe the French were on the Coaft. The i6th a Council of War was held in the Road oiLeith, when the Wind was coming about ro the S. W. and the Flags confidering where theFrench might probably attempt to land, or which way our Squadron might proceed, with moft Probability of preventing any Defign they might nave, it was their opinion that if they ihould go Northward, and the Wind come up (Irong Wefterly, it might hinder their gain- ing the Firth of Forth, and that fincc the Enemy were probably driven to the Southward of it, (which they thought was of the great- eft Importance to Iccure) and were at firft found at Anchor in the faid Firth, it was realbnable to believe they intended for Edenburgh, the Metropolis ; lb that it was determined to remain in Leith Road until there Ihould be Advice of their returning on the Coaft, or that an Anlwer could be received to the Exprels difpatched to the Lord High-Admiral, but that, in the mean while, Scouts (hould be kept out between the Firth znA Aberdeen, and all poflible means ufed to gain Intelligence from the Shore, in order whereunto the Admiral delired the Earl of Leven to fend Ibme trufty Pcrfons Northward towards the Firth of Murray. The 13d of March he received Orders, dated the 19th, to fend two Fourth Rates, and three Fifths with the Prifoners into the Ri- ver oi Humber, and xhc*Downs, and with the reft of the Squadron to proceed to Sea, and guard the Coaft oi Scotland; whereupon calling a Council of War, it was relblved that as loon as the Pri- (bners could be removed, the Squadron fhould proceed off of Bu- channefs, and that there th Admirale Ihould fend on fliore for Intel- ligence of the Enemy, but that if there could not be any Account gained of them by that means, or by his Scouts, he ihould ply it up again towards the Firth of Edenhurgh. All C c c c c X Not Sir come IK thi Downs. Rttnarkt, 74.8 NavalT^-atifaQwnsofthcEngViih, BookV. H[ ChapX Not being able to get any Advice, cither by Sea or Land, of the /T^«f/j Squadron , and the Provifions in that under Ins Command growing very fliort, he received Orders the beginning ui Jptil to George return to the 'DowtiSy but to leave three Ships to cruiic on the Coaft '^)rjfr '"T" °^^^''f^^"^y ^o prevent Correfpondencc between dilaficdtcd Peribns of thatKinjjdom andFrance. Accordingly he appointed x\\cBoiiadvcnturey Mermaid^ and Squhreliot that Service, and arrived in the Hoions the i6th of y^r//, with three Third Rates, thirteen Fouiths, (of which the Salisbury "Prize was one) two Fifths, a Sixth, and a Fircihip, having appointed iotnc Frigates to convoy Recruirs from Scotland to Holland. Thus was the Chevalier de St. George (as the French have fince termed him) prevented in landing in a Kingdom tu which he doubt- lefs had llrong Invitations from lome, who, too much inclined to No- velties, (avoiding a more harih Exprenfion) dii'rehlhcd Her Majefty's Government, and who afforded not themleives Icilure to coufidcr, that the Mealiires they were thus bhndly raiding, would have de- prived them of thole valuable Rights and Liberties tliey enjoyed un- der a ProtcdaQt Prince, and infallibly have iitbjcdtcd them, in little time, to a mean and abjedt Slavery : For it is not to be imigined the French King at this time bellirred himlelf thus purely in hvour of the Pretender, but that by introducing into Her Majefty's Realms an ungenerous, as well as an unnatural War. he had hopes of paving himielf a way to theConqued not only ot Scotland, but oi England and Ireland tooy and thereby of fixing a more lolid Foundation for his infatiable Ambition. But that the Monarch oi France might be convuiccd we were not afleep while he was making chefe Preparations for the pretended Scr- vice of the Chevalier, there were (bcfides the Ships appointed to TrooptreaJy obletve his Motious) ten Battalions ihipped ofTfrom Bruges^ to be wtngiandow commanded by Lieutcnant-General fVithers^ and being conduced ' """"J'"" by Rear- Admiral Baker to Tinmoutb, they lay there in a condanc Readinefs to be tranfported to Scotland, or to any other part of Her Majefty's Domioioas where the Troops fenc from France might be put on (hore. ,,08 When the French Squadron had beat to and fro at Sea, until they judged ours were gone off" the Coaft, they made the bcft of their The Pretender way to 'Dunk'irky and on the zyth of March^ in the Morning, fome of our Ships, which were cruifing near to that Port, under the Com- mand of Captain Griffithy got Sight of them, being fourteen in Num- ber, one with a White Flag at Main-top-maft Head ; but they draw- ing into a Line of Battel when our Ships ftood towards them, and being much fuperior in Strength, ours kept their Wind, lb that get- ting into the Harbour, they landed the Pretender, that lb he might be at hand when the French King fhould judge it for his own Ad- vantage to fend him on a iecood Expedition of the like Nature. returns to France. Chap. lV. Chap. XX VHI. from theTear \6^%Jovii2. 74^ -tf" G H A p. XXVHI. C'j)itahi't;i^ an Accomit of Sir John Leake'j Proceedings with the lleei in the Mediterranean ; his landing the ^teen of Spain and Troops at Barcelona j the Surren- der ^^ Sardinia ; as alfo the taking the Town andCaftle of MaI>.on, whde Sir Edward Whitaker was at the Head of a Squadron^ zvith the Troops under the Command of General Stanhope. HAving related what of Cotircqucncc happened at home, (for to emimeratc all things here which happened in the Chanel be- tn wCu fiiigle Ships of ours and the Ships of War or Privateers of the Enemy, would be too tedious) I come now to the Fleet, which was equipping for Service abroad under the Command oiSxtJohn Leake ^ who ou the 17th oi March arrived therewith at Lrx^off, $ir John h iving in his way thither fcen the Merchant Ships bound to Virgi- L-eike »f »/«, and the Canaries, with their rel'pcdive Convoys, well into the "k,"fUit''»t Sea, and taken care for the Security of others defigned to the Ports Liibon. in Portugal. Here he found the Ships with Captain Hicks, which were fourteen of the Third Rate, bcddes fmall Frigates and Bomb- VcfTels, and at a Council of War it was refolved, that as foon as the Tranfports were ready to receive the Horfe on board, the Fleet Ihould proceed to Vado, and that fuch of the Ships of War as could not be got ready by that time, Ihould follow to Barcelona , where there would be Orders left how they Hiould farther proceed : But as for the 'Dutch Ships, they were all Icparated in bad Weather be- tween England and Lisbon. It was alio determined, at the Deftrc of the King of "Portugal, to appoint the IVarJpightt Rupert, and Triton to cruiic off of the Tercera or Azores Imnds, for the Se- anity of His Majefty's Fleet cxpe^///, two Ships of the Third Rate, he had lent to land the AmbaHador trom the I he Happy Kctuili ttiktn from till I'rencti. t'. there b which he Jiad lent to land the Amballador trom the Emperor of Morocco^ and after they had fo done, to cruilc about the Strcights Mouth; but Ibme Days before he got thither they met with, and engaged, off of Cape Spartct^ a Ship of fo Guns, called the Happy Return^ (which the trench had Ibine time before taken from us) Ihe being convoy to Ibme Trade bound from Mar/cillcs to IVeJi France. The faid Ship they took, but thole of the Merchants made their Elcapc, and ihc Bnrford and NafJ'au were lb dilablcd, the for- mcr in Ipriuging her Bowlprit, and the latter in her Ri^'ging, that the Admiral found it ueccflary to lend them into Port to refit ; but i while they were on the Station, they forced a Privateer on fliorc of ( 14 Guns, which i\\c French burnt, and took another with a Letter { of Mart of 30 Guns. In his Paflagc up the Streights he appointed three Ships of the i. Third Rate to proceed a-hcad to Alicant., which, after they had * landed ibme Money there for the ulc of the Army, were to repair to Barcelona., that by them the King of Spain might have notice the Fleet was advancing up the Streights. * When he was about twelve Leagues from AUcant he had Sight of leveral Vcflcis, which at firft he took to be Filhing boats, till lecing ibme Guns fired, he made the Signal for chafing, hut there being little Wind the remaining part of the Day, and all Night, our Ships could not then come up with any of them. Next Morning he nad Advice that the Imall V'cflcis, about ninety in all, were Sai- tias and Tartans^ bound with Wheat, Oil, and Barly to 'Penifcolat for the Ufe of the Enemy's Army, under Convoy of three fmall Frigates, the biggcft of 44 Guns, which by the AHiftance of their Oars in a Calm, got away, being likewilc favoured by the Dnski- nels of the Night ; but the fmall VclTels were not lb fortunate, for fcventy two of them were taken, mod of them by the Ships of the Fleet, which continued the Chafe, the reft by Sfanijh Privateers. The Admiral arriving at Barcelona the 15th oi May, he there found the 'Defiance., Northumberland ^ Sor lings y and Faulcon^ the laft of which, mounted with 31 Guns, had a little before met with a French Frigate of ii, and a hundred and fixty four Men, ' with which flic had a very fharp Difpuic, inlbmuch that Captain 2)^- laval was llain, and forty of her Men killed and wounded. Here the Admiral received a Letter from the King oi Spain., by which his Maiefty reprel'ented to him the Conlcqucncc of guarding that Coaft, but more efpecially of hindering the Enemy from conveyint stvtrai ships by Sca the Neceffaries for their Troops on the fide of Torto/ay and dtfirtii by ti.t in the Lampourdan, as v ell as for the Prcfervation of his own Pcr- Kmi of spAiii ^^^^ jiiould the Enemy have a free Paflage by Sea. Fis Majefly alfo dcfired that leven or more Frigates, with Bomb- VcfTels, might remain before Barcelona^ at his Dilpolal, and that] the reft of the Fleet going \ 1 the Coaft oi Italy y might with all poflible Speed conduS the Troops defigned for his Service from] thence, the Enemy being ib fuperior in Catalonia y that thole his Majefty then had were not able to make head againft them ; and it was Sivtniy two Vtjftli with Provifoni m ktn from the Captain De tavAl of tht Faulcon kiltd. Hfonthtflitt't fotnmg to Rarctlona. was alio recc Ihc Ihoiild be board, lor b was expcdtcd rii:;ned to lca\ what his Maj The Redu( mended to hi want of Prov he had hopes cncc to him, France. His Majef which Kingd dcr the Com of Ibme Ship: Expectation, the driving fn barcations wl laije of Provi Thus this of Catalonia, Icif, but be ii calling a Coi John Norris, Englijh Capi Dutchy itw^ one Fourth, General, and Port oiVado thence to Ba ihuuld be rea According Vado Bay th Hay and Co drained to fc and the Num two thoiilanc By one M coiVy and Wi .■\ccount thai ihc Ba/in fift to JO Guns, ut' 40 and 31 Ids taken were prepare fink them in the Garrifon eluding Mari y. I Chap.XXVUL from thcYc^iri69S, to 1112. 751 OK 1 Rate, I cror of m rci^hfs p- rli, and ; Happy om us) to tVeJi ts made the I'or- iig, that fit ; but fliore of a Letter 1,1 5 of the hey had to repair > ^c notice % lad Sight I >ats, nil f )uc there ight, out Morning , verc Sad- ^ ^^enifcolat iree iinall | of their 1^ ic Duski- matc, for ; ips of the vatcers. he there f Faulcon , | efore met bur Men, iptaiu 'De- d. Here by which rding that conveying rtofa^ and i own Pcr- r'ith Bomb-| and thatf It with rvicc fromi : thole hisl m ; and icj was] was alio rccom mended to him to bring the Qiiccn with him, in calc jhc lliould be ready to embark by the time the Troops were put on board, lor by Her MajcQy's not coming to Barcelona as loon as was cxpcdtcd, diiliflcdlcii Perfons gave out that the King himfelf dc- fii;ncd to leave Spain ; however the timely bringing the Troops was what his Majefty chiefly infilled on. The Redudlion of the iHand oi Sardinia his Majefty alfo recom« mended to his Confideration, in regard his Army was then in great want of Pfovifions, which might be furnilhcd from thence, and that he had hopes the People were very much inclined to render Obedi- ence to him, could they be fupportcd in throwing off the Yoke of France. His Majefty alfo put hira in mind of an Expedition to Sicily, which Kingdom he judged might be recovered with the Troops un- der the Command of Count 'Datin, who only wanted the Alfiftancc of fbme Ships ; but if this did not liiccccd according to his Majcfty's Expcdation, yet he judged this good Coiilctjurnce might attend it, the driving from the 'Phare oi'Mrffiita, and tlij adjacent Parrs, the Em- barcations which the Enemy had there, and tlic hindering the Pali lagr of Provifions for the Supply of Naples. Thus this young Monarch, almoft iliut up in the principal City of Catalonia, was contriving how he might no: only enlarge him- Iclf^ but be in a Condition to oppol'e his Enemies ; and the Admiral calling a Council of War, where were prelcnt, befides himlcif, Sir ^ council »/ John Nor r is. Sir Ed'-Jiard IP'bitaker, Sir Thomas Hardy, and three "'"'■ '"'''• Englijh Captains, as alfs the Baron JVaffenacr , and two of the Dutch, it was determined to leave with the King three Third Rates* one Fourth, and one Fifth of ours, and two Ships of the States- General, and with the reft of the Fleet to proceed forthwith to the Port oiVado, in order to the tran'porting the Horfc and Foot from thence to Barcelona, as alio her Majefty rhcQiiccn oi Spain, if Ihc Ihould be ready. According to this Rcfolution the Admiral failed, and arrived in s«rJohn Vado Bay the 29th oi Aiiay, but finding above a third part of the Jj" ' Hay and Corn for the Horles was ftill at Livorne, he was con- " ftraincd to fend two Tranfport Ships with a Convoy for the lame ; and the Number of Troops defigned from Italy to Spain were near rwo thoniand Horic, and four thouiand Foot. By one Mr. Campbell, who had been Maftcr of a Ship of Glaf- con; and was releafcd from Imprilbnmcnt at Thonlon, he had an Account that there were in that Port the Ships following, viz. in MvUt ef the Bafin fifteen of three Decks, and about twenty more from 30 £f'V" «' to JO Guns, but all unmafted ; in the Harbour three Frigates armed, °" °"' of 40 and 31 Guns, two of which were Convoy to the Corn-Vef- fcls taken near Alicant, and that all the Ships in the Bajtn were prepared to be lunk upon occafion, but that they could not (ink them in above three Foot Water more than they drew ; and that the Garrifon confifted of about four thoufand dilciplined Troops, in* eluding Marines, Leako ar- u The 752 NavalTr/tfififBionsoftheEngMih, BookV. 'I hi yUtt re- iiini Id I! ir AC Kill until cj Alh'lljc Htfchc t tore- (/M((S.iriiinia. The irtth of June the Ships of War and Tranfports joined him which he lent lo Livome for Forage, and the other Tranrnort Ships with the Troops arriving foon after, together with the Queen of Spa'tHy he reached Barcelona the 14th oi July^ fourteen Days after the unfortunate Lois oi'Tortofa. Here he received a Letter from the sip>i't7rf»./ iiie King, by which his Majefty again recommended to him the Reduc- '"'!"• tiyn of Sardiuia, and the clearing the Coafts of Sicily from the E- ncmy's Privateers, that fo a Paflage might be opened for tlie Troops in tlic Kingdom oi' Naples to undertake the defigned Expedition a- gainft Sicily^ rcfcrving Ibmc Ships and Tranfports to bring Corn to narccloiiay and to be at hand on all occafions which his Majefty might have for them. A Council of War was held the id of Julyt when it was at the earncrt Inllancc of our Merchants, relblved to appoint three Frigates to cruilc for fome time between Cornea and Livome^ to protcutch Ships of War arrived with the Lieutenant- General, being followed by five Third Rates, Convoy to fifteen Tranfports that had on board them Ccntrxi Stan- hope Mnives betori I'Oit r.ct Surl Stknhopr. the Chap. X] th^' Land For Oilicers, and Great Btitai all the Marii them, and t be continued fort Mahon, tion of that ir, regard bci vifions mighi four thoulanc tholick Majc Ir was alio as much Bres their Cannor Defence, an( ccfTary for tl one Second 1 the Line ; bi two 'Dutch 1 (ions, in ore Having wa oi September French Mcc lent into tha Convoy, he ia that Statii at St. Helen with the Sqi 'Dtirflcy, of While th Ihorc for att taker order( utile, in ore Hours Difpi and garrifon damaged in wounded ; Bomb-Veffe cot Place Some litt hundred Sp Tifaro\ Re the Weft fu Ships of W for the Gar War, being The 17th Lines on of lo Guns ^^'Y- B Chap. XX VJli./m// thcTcar 1 6>8, /o 1 712. 753" iho Land Forces, whereupon a Council of War was held of the Sea- Oificers, and it was rtlolvcd that the Ships dcfij;ned to return to Great Btitain Ihould leave behind rliem, to aflTirt in the Attcmpr, all the Marine Soldiers above the middle Complement of each of them, and that the Squadron oi Enoitjh and T)utcb dcflgncd to be continued abroad with Sir Edjjard IVbitaker Ihould remain at fort Mabon^ to alFift with their Marines and Seamen in the Reduc- tion of that Place, lb long as the Licurcnant-Gcncral Ihould dcfirc it, regard bcinc had to the Scalbn of the Year, the time their Pro- vifions might laft, and the tranfporting from Naples to Barcelona four thouland of the Emperor's Troops for the Service of his Ca- tholick Majefty. Ic was alio re folvcd that the Englifl\ Ships ihould (pare the Forces as much Bread as they could, and both they, and the 'Dtttcb, all their Cannon-lhot, except what might be neccHary for their own Defence, and that when every thing Ihould be landed which wa*; no- ccfTary for the Siege, the Admiral Ihould proceed to England with one Second Rate, and fix Thirds of ours, and eight 'Dutch Ships of the Line ; but Ibme time after this he lent home two Englijh and two 'Dutch Ships of War, with the empty Tranfports of both Na- tions, in order to their being difcharged. Having watered the Ships at Majorca^ be failed from thence the 1 7th of Se/ftembert and being informed, when o^ oi Ctbrattar^ that four French Men of War from Cadiz had taken near Cape Sf artel, and lent into that Port, fome of oar Merchant Ships which run without Convoy, he left two Third Rates, one Fourth, and a Fifth, to cruiic ia that Station, under Command of Captain Hartnoll, and arrived at St. Helenas the 19th of Oliobcr^ having met in the Sound'tngs sir tohn with the Squadron cruifing there under the Command of the Lord ^""^"^ "'": 'Durjlcyt tii whofe Proceedings I have already given an Account, [^'p',' '"> k^' While the Artillery, and all things ncccflary were putting on wardvvhita. Ihore for attacking the Caftle oi'Port Mabotiy Sir Edward Ivhi- i^^.^'j"^ ''^' taker ordered a Snip of 70, and another of yo Guns to Tort For- nellcy in order to reduce the Fort there, which they did, after four rht Fen at Hours Difpute, it being a (Irong Place with 4 Baftions, ii Guns, ''o « 1 _orneile and garrifoned by forty French^ but the lead of our Ships was much " "" damaged in her Mads and Yards, and had fix Men killed and twelve wounded ; and to this Harbour all the Tranfport Ships, with the Bomb-Veliels, were fenr, the Admiral having not had any conveni- ent Place before to fccure them in. Some little time after the General lent a Detachment of about a hundred Spaniards^ with three hundred or more of the Marquis Ti/aro'^ Regiment to Citadelht the chief Town of the Ifland, on citadeiu /v- the Weft fide thereof, and Sir Edward Wbitaker dilpatched two 'tnitni. Ships of War thither ; which Place put them to no great Trouble, for the Garrifon immediately furrendering, were made Prilbners of War, being a hundred French^ and as many Spaniards. The 17th of September our People began to play on the Enemy's Lines on the South fide of the Harbour of Mahon, from a Battery (I^Q of 10 Guns, and after about four Hours Dilpute, making themfclves , D d d d d Maftcrs \A 7^4. Niiv/tllhtN/Miofisof thc]\vj,\\(hj HookV. — .^—^—^—^^—^-^^^-^—^^^—^—^^^^—^^—^^ Mjllcr* of all then Out-works, locl^^cd uiulcr the very WalU ot the Caftic ot St. 'yVj////», III which Dilptiic wc loll but fix Men, one of whom was Captain Stanbnfc ot the Milford^ as he was going on with his Brother the General. Next Day the Enemy offering to capitulntc, Articles were in a little time agreed on, by which tncGarrilbn were permitted to march our with all the Marks of Honour, carrying; fix Cannon, and tour Mortars ; the French to be tranlborted to Thotilun, or the Ifland* of //y/f f, and the Spaniards to ralcncia. There were about five hunilrcd Marines in the I'lacc, commanded by a Brigjdicr, and al* nioft the lame Number of Spaniards^ and as they had upwards of a hundred Guns mounted, lb were there between two and three thouland Barrels of I'owder in ftorc, with all things ncccfTary, ro- gether with a confidcrable Quantity of Provilions ; but the W ivcs and Children of the Spaniards flying into the 1 ort, they made al- mort an equal Number with the Garrifbn, which probably mi^hc occafion their capitulating fb Ibon, for our Army did nut confilV of above two thouland four liundred Men. Being thus pofTcfTcd of this Ifland, we had thereby the Advan- tage of a goodly Harbour, which during the War was cxcf cding ufc- ful to us (as it may hereafter be when there Ihall be occafion to make ulc of ir^ in the cleaning and refitting fiich of our Snips as were employed in the Mediterranean ; and not only Magazines of Stores were lodged there for that purnolc, but fiich Officers appoint- ed to refidc on the Place as were juagcd rcquifitc. Sir Edward fVhitaker leaving Mahon the 19th o{ September ^ proceeded with the Squadron xo Livorne^ having appointed a Con- voy to General Stanhope and the Troops to Catalonia. There he received a Letter from Mr. (Jbettvynd^ our Minirtcr at Gcnoa^ giving an Account that a Body of a thouland Troops were ready at Final to embark for the Service of the King of Spain in Catalonia, and ac.^nvovfini as a Convoy was immediately appointed for them, lb was it agreed at a Council of War, that ftncc the Squadron could not fuddcnly lail to Naples, for want of the Provifions and Stores which were getting ready at Livorne, the defiance, Tork, and Terrible Fire- fliip ibould proceed to 'Piombino, and their Commanders there con- fider with the chief Officers of the Impaiai Troops, what might he moll cffccStually done to fccure the Stato delli Trejidi, (a froall Territory on the Coaft ofTufcany, which with the forelaid Tiom- bino on the fame Coafl, belongs to the Crown of Spain) as alfo to- wards reducing T^orto Longonc and T^orto Hercole, on which Ser- vice they were ordered to continue eight Days, and then to proceed dircdily to Naples. Upon a Letter from Cardinal Grimani, ViccRoy of Naples, and another from the Marquis de 'Prie, Minillcr of his Imperial Majcfty at the Court of Rome, giving an AccouRi' of the Commotions of the faid Kingdom of Naples, from whence Troops could not pofnbly be fparcd, at this time, for the Service of the King of Spain, and dcfiring therefore that the Squadron might continue fome time in thole Parts, and endeavoar to intaccpt the Pope's Gallics, and others cxpcdtcd Till ^lyiiiilrtn to Li- Md II Naples. CHAP.y cxpcdlcd fr Arms, wliic countenance Court of Ri vorne Roai Month long be kept cru tcrccpt the i Notwithf Torto Lon^ 11 bitakvr a any Attemp that Service bitello, whii which very Pope's Galli but there b Oars. The Imp November, of a (peed time the Im of Sicily t f pointed of I but during ! hisMajefty, ficged 'Dei, rhar, attack favour their up the Kinj pal's the St* but to remj charge to h The King Ills Majclt] Milanefe, and accomi This Let ncral Stan^ might attcr French by expofe the Country be cnt for a F give up the Upon th ing the lat the Squadr L'tvorne, d(y, and tl I'l ^ r £1 — k ot the ^ , one " going c in a march ul four in.ii.ili )Ut five ami at- ari Is of three ry, ro- : W ivcs [lailc al- might mfilV of Chap.YXVIII froMtbcTc7iri6$Sy to 1112. 755 cxpcdlcd from hrtnce^ with a coofidcrablc Number of Men and Arms, which his Holitiefs was then in crcat wanr of, as a)/b to coiiiitciiancc the Negotiations of the laid Marquis de Trit* at the Court oi Rome, it was determined at a Council of War, held in Li- ^r^c'i ienia \\\Valencia, but given out that they would, after n* F.ntmy rhar, attack Alicant, having fifteen Ships of the Line of Battel to ^''f"i' '^'=""- favour their Dcfigns ; for which reafon, and left they (hould block up the King in Catalonia, his Majcfly earneftly preMcd him not to als the ^tr eights, as required by Orders left him oy Sir John Leake, ut to remain on the Coafts of Spain, for that othcrwile he would charge to him all the Misfortunes which might happen to his Affairs. I'he King alfo acquainted him that four of the Ships left with Ills Majclty were failed to Finaly to bring the Troops from the Milanefe, and dcfired that in his return he would call at that Port, and accompany them, for their greater Safety. This Letter of the King of Spain's was inforced by one from Ge- neral Stanhope, who let him know the great Misfortunes which fi'""^"' Stan- might attend his leaving the Coa^.s of Spain unguarded, fincc the ^/°''^'^ ^Jll'ons French by returning might prevent all Communication, and thereby mnainmi m cxpofe the Army in Catalonia to a toial want of Provifions, that '^' streigius. Country being fb far exhaufted as not to be able to furniih liifiici- cnc for a Fortnightv ib that, in fuch cafe, they fhould be obliged ro give up the Country to any who would demand it. U()on thefe two prcfTmg Letters it was determined, notwithftand- ing the late Rcfblutions taken ac a Council of War, that as foon as the Squadron could be furnilhed with Provifions and NccefTaries at L'fvorne, it fliould immediately proceed and join the Ships at Va- Rtfuit of a do, and thence fail to Barcelona , in order not only to drive the ^'"'""' 'f I m Dddddi Enemy W»r 75^ NavalTranfaSions of the Englifti, Book V. Enemy froa: thofe Part?, but to fccurc the Country, and his Ma- jcfty tne King of S^aiu from the immincuc Danger which threaten'd thern. rhc z/th of November Sir Edward Whitaker got under Sail irom LivoruCj and arriving at Barcelonoy the King by Letter ac- quainted him, that according to what had been agreed at a Council • of War, held in his Royal Prefcnce, the moft confiderable Service the Squadron under his Command could do at that Juncture of time, was to return to theCoaft o( Italy ^ and convoy the Troops defign- cd from thence for Catalonia ; but withal recommended to him not only the convoying the Tranfborts with Corn from Major cay and their being afterwards feen to Sardinia for a farther Supply, and for Horfes to mount the Cavalry, but that when he ihoulu be on the Coaft oi' Itafyy he would appoin: luch Ships as Cardinal Grimani might defire, to fccui: thePaflagi^ of the Tharc of MeJJlna, which might conduc to th< more Ipeedy Accommodation of Affairs ihat were negotiating at Rome. Hereupon it was agreed that the 'Dutch Ships fliould proceed di- reiStly to Majorcay and convoy the Tranfports to Barcelonay and from theuce to Cagliariy as foon as they fliould be unloaden, while the reft of the Squadron made the beft of their way to Livornet where arriving, he met with very bad Weather, but had Advice that Matters were accommodated at Rome, the Pope having owned Charles the Third King of Sfain ; and from the Marquis de Tri^^ that three thoufand effedive Men fliould be ready to embark at Na- ples as foon as he arrived there : And here we will leave Sir Ed- ward IVhitaker, that fo we may give fome Account of Sir George Byngy who was expe(3;ed from England to command abroad. The King lie- firei tht SijUA- dron may re- turn to the Ceajl of hily 8CC. ThePope owns Charles the Third of Spain. t Chap. XXIX. Contamhtg an Account of Sh George Byng's Proceed/figs while he commanded in the Mediterranean, with the Attempt made to relieve Alicant by the Fleet y and the Trorps under the command of General Stanhope. SI R George Byng being Admiral of the Blue, and appointed te to carry the Queen of 'Portugal to LisboUy arrived at that Port Sir George the i4rh of OEiober, where being informed that the homeward-bound Byng arrivci Brajil Flcct had been feparated, the Commander in Chief on his a'nrM" "o failing from Bahia, having not given them any Signals, nor fo much sL u prote6i as appointed a Place of Rendezvous, and feveral French Ships be- thi Brafii jjjg lately feen about the Burlings, on the Coaft of Tortugal, he proceeded with his Squadron thither in queft of the Fn-my, and to protect the Trade of that Kingdom, which were ftraggling on the s Coaft 1708. F/m.-. Coaft, but tort to rcfi j;ct ready 1 Straights '. Cadiz, an fd, and th fViKchefe) Lisbon wii Sir Geof a Squadror the Third abroad, to ran can, th ncral : An dropping i of the Taj wick, of y gcther witl out for the About t the Lord I- the Mediti two Ships was to len which he 1 November\ Flag in th fliould oth by his Let Account Remainde which put The i; five Third Arroirant the ^rft Streights Fifth a-he ftle there 3d of Jat from the 7 lb that he four Lcag to the No and the of the Sc rhe 11th Squadron The 7/ all her M -Y Chap.XXIX. from the Tear 16^^,10 I'j 1 2. 757 while Coaft, but riicetiiig with bad Weather, was forced to return to Lis- bon to rcfi: feme of the Shipv which had received Damage, and to get ready £ fmall Squadron to proted: our Trade in and about the Streights Mouth from thofe Ships of the Enemy, which cleaned at Cadiz, and had taken icveral Piizes. With two of them, one of 50, and the other of 60 Guns, ouv" of our Fourth Rates, named the IVincheJlery happened to meet, and being much ruffled, came to Lisbon with three more which had been cruifmg in that Station. Sir George advifing with Sir John Jennings, who had been with a Squadron forac time before at Lisbon^ appointed three Ships of the Third Rate, which were in the word Condition for continuing abroad, to convoy home the Tranfports arrived from the Mediter- ranean, they being joined by four Ships of War of the States-Ge- neral : And fincc the Brajil Fleet was not arrived, but daily came dropping in, he appointed Ibme Frigates to cruilc off of the Mouth of the Tajo for their Security, and the 13th oi November the Ber- wick, of 70 Guns, arrived with the Rear- Admiral oi 'Portugal, to- gether with our Ships which were fent to the Tercera Iflands to look out for the aforefaid Brajil Fleet. About the middle oi November the Admiral received Orders from the Lord High- Admiral to proceed to Vort Mahon^ and winter in the Mediterranean, and to leave Sir John Jennings at Lisbon^ with two Ships of the Third Rate, and one of the Fifth, to whom he was to fend luch other Ships as were over and above the fixteen, which he was to have under his Command ; and on the 29th of November he received Orders from the Queen to wear the Union- Flag in the Mediterranean, the Prince (through whole Hands it fliould otherwife have gone as Lord High- Admiral) being dead; and by his Letter to my lelf, dated the ill of ^December, he gave an Account that the 'Portnguefe Ships of War ^vere arrived with the Remainder of the .firv Ships he had with him at Tort Mahon he ' was The Works at Alicant can- nonaded. The CaflU of Alicant fur- rendered to the Enemy. General Stan- hope landed at Tarrago- na, Chap. X was cleanin Enemy, wh Cape de Ga dcred Sir Je inand, who of War, Efi with Corn, tcrrancan, guarded the June by Sii Men of W Squadron fr my in Cat a A Counc King of Spi to any Reft of thole Pa to a Station Chap. XXIX. from the Tear 1698, f(? 1712, 759 was cleaning as faft as poHiblc, chat lb they might cruile agaiuft the Enemy, who had taken the Faukon^ a Ship of jz Guns, off" of Cape dc Gates in her Paifagc zo Lisbon y from whence he had or- dered Sir John Jennings to join hira with the Ships under his Com- mand, who was off of G'/^rtf/^*r the zift ii May, with fixtcen Men 1709. of War, Englijh And 'Dutch, and about forty Traufports, Joaden with Corn, as alio Provifions and Stores for the Fleet in the Aledi- terrancan, and arrived at 'Port Mahon the x8th, from whence he guarded the Corn Ships to Barcelona, and was joined the 8rh of -^" <^>' f'«' June by Sir George Byng, with the reft of the Englijh and 'Dutch "'" '" '^"'""^" Men of War, and there Sir Edward IVh'ttaker arrived with his Squadron from Italy, and above two thoufand Recruits for the Ar- my in Catalonia. A Council of War being called, it was determined, that fince the King of Spain, as the Pofturc of Affairs then were, could not come to any Rcfolution relating to the Fleet's afllifting in the Reducftion of thofe Parts of Spain ftUl in the Pofleflion of the Enemy, to fail to a Station ten Leagues South of Cape Thoulon, not only for in- tercepting their Trnde, but to alarm them all that might be ; but fince it was necelTary that a Squadron fhould be on the Coad of Tortngal, Sir John Jennings was lent thither with one Ship of the 5/> inhn Jcn- Second Rate, four of the Third, five of the Fourth, and three of"'"?;' '"' the Fifth. i'^l '" ^"- Thcy both failed together from Barcelona Road, and Sir George Byng arrived before Thoulon the iift of June, in which Harbour '^'V <^eort;e he law only eight Ships, which were rigged, and their Sails bent, [^^"^"^f^^" and one large Man of War on the Careen, the reft being diiarmed, ion. which confirmed the Accounts he had before, that they did not in- tend to come to Sea with a Fleet, but only to guard their Trauf- ports for Corn with fraall Squadrons ; fo that alter cruifing there ibme time longer, he returned to Barcelona Road, where he found iie returns to moft of the Ships arrived from the Services whereon he had lent '^''"■'^'"n*- them, and the 'Dunkirk and Centurion were come from the Coaft of Barbary, being obliged to leave twelve Prizes, loaden with Corn, which the former and thc'Defiance had taken, m Tor to Farina, for want of Men to fail rhem. Upon his Arrival at Barcelona, he found the Court of Spain, at the Inftancc of Cardinal Grimani, very defirous to have the Reduc- tion of Sicily attempted, and was informed oy General Stanhope, somcThou^hti that it was Htr Majefty's Plealure part of the Fleet Ihould afllft in "^."i''^'"^, the Defign upon Cadiz ; but the 'Dutch Ships having been fepa- ,ackL'g'cA-'' rated in bad We.uher, and ours being too few to anfwer thefe, and dn many other Services the Court propofed, he fuipended for fome time the coming to any Relblution, being every Day in Expedation of the Ships of the States- General ; but at length he formed a Dilpo- fition of Her Majefty's Ships, and appointed Sir Edward JVhitaker for the Service of Sicily, while he himfelf defigned to proceed on the other with General Stanhope. The z6th of July the Court of Spain having notice of the Ene- my's penetrating into the Arnpourdan., with Intention, as was ap- prehendedf 7ue Dutiih not alle to (T I ■ -- I -■ --,- H - | - ■■ - III, ..— ^_^^^^__ 160 NavalTranfatUonsoftheEngVifh, BookV. prchcnded, to bcficge Girone, aod there being a want of Ships to prote George through the Streights the iid of September, and arrived at Spit- j^yj^^ ^'^^'J'" head the ifth of the next Month with one Ship of the Firft Rate,"* "^*" " two of the Third, and two of the Fourth, from whence he fent me an Account, for the Information of the Lord High- Admiral, which he had from a Vcffcl the Enemy took fome time before, and was re- taken from them , of the Station where Monfieur ©« Gu^ Tro- vine cruifcd, and of the Strength of his Squadron, that h our Ships in the Soundings, then under the Command of the Lord 'Durjley, might endeavour to attack him, or to intercept the Trade they ex- pected to meet with coming from the Weft-Indies ; and of his E e e e e Lordfliip's f ■'if % '1 lip sir Edward Whiialter fent off of tilt Coafi of Ro- fes, vc. 7^2 NavalTranJatHoiis of the linglifti, Book V. Lordfliip's Proceedings during his cruifing there I have already oj. vcn an Account. While Sir George Bytig was at Tort Mahon^ Sir Edward Ji'hl. taker failing from Livorne towards Naples with the Tranfport Ships, arrived there the 3d oi February^ when bad Weather fctting in, they could not begin to embark the Troops till the ift of Alarch; and fmce General Stanhope had (as hath been before related) concerted Matters with Sir George for the Operation of the Troops and Ships of War, he lent Orders to Sir Edward JVhltaker to repair to him to Tort MahoH with all poHlble Difpatch, where he arrived the 1 8th oiMarch^ from whence he was fent with a Squadron, and fome Tranfports, to Final for German Troops, defigned for Service in Spatn^ and Money for the King from Genoa. Having performed this Service, he was ordered to take under his Command ten Third Rates, three Fourths, two Fifths, and two Sixths of Her Majefty's, and feven 'DtUch Ships of War, and with fuch of them as were then at Tort Mahon, leaving Orders for the reft to follow him, to proceed and cruifc off of the Coaft oiRofeSy Col- Jivrct and in the Gulph of Narbonne, to prevent the Enemy their having any Supplies of Provifions, or Ammunition by Sea, and to intercept their Shipping, and annoy their Coafts. He was alib di- reded to hold frequent Correfpondence with Her Majefty's Miniftcrs at .he Courts of Spain and Savoj/j and, at the dcfire of thofe Princes, to affift them on Services which a Council of War ihould judge pra troaou to turned co 'Port Mahon^ and arrived at Barcelona with the Supply ,^'''|^[;f"'M" of Corn the i8th of September^ from which I'orc the 'DhIlIj Ships hor, '.v. were gone ro Majorca for Provifions, but their return being liid- denly cxpcdcd, he left a Lctttcr for their Commadorc to follow him to Port Mahou, whither with the Conlcnt of the King o'i SfaWy he was goino; to refit the Ships under his ComraaiKl, bur took care to have Crullers on the Barbary Coafl to intercept Supplies bound \o the French. The vii^ualling Ships expcdicd from England not being arrived the 13d of 06iobcrs it was agreed at a Council of War to pro- ceed to Livornc for what could be had there, and on the nth of the next Month he iailcd accordingly, leaving Rear-Admiral So- mcrjdyke at Tort Alahon, refitting the u^utch Ships under his Com- mand. In his PafTagc he met with extreme bad Weather, and lying off of Thoulon eight Days, he took Icvcral Barks, in one of which were Letters, giving an Account of the groat Straits the Enemy were driven to for want of Corn^ and Trade ; aiid now receiving Advice lirom Vice- Admiral Baker that he was arrived at Tort Ma- hon with theVldlualling Ships from England^ he returned thither, linker .', their Rigging was fo dilabled, and their Mads and Yards lb much gaul'd, that chey were not in a failing Condition. However, the French leaving them about twelve a Clock, ihcy made the beft E e e e c 7 fpeed Vict-Ailmiral Baker af- feinitd to guarit shift /or Ccrn up the Arches, Sec. 16 \ NavalTrafifa3iomofthcEr\gli(h, BookV. H Chap.X Ipccd they could after them till towards Evening, the lead of the Enemy's Ships having the other in a Tow ; but at length they iheltcred thcmiclvcs in the Port of Malaga ^ having, as was eciie- rally reported, loft a hundred Men, where they would not luffcr thofc who were wounded to go on fliorc, left the real damage they had received Ihould be difcover'd. Sir Edward ll^bitaker arriving at Tort Mahou, received a Let- ter from the King oi Spain, and another from General Stanhope y by which he was dcHred to appoint two Engliflj Ships of War, and fomc Tranfports, to go up the Archipelago^ and to other Places for Corn, the Army being in lb very great want, that if not timely liip- plied, according to the Coutrad made by the General with the Mer- chants, they muft of neceftity abandon all Catalonia ; whereupon it was determined, that Vice Admiral Baker ihould with nine Ships of the Line of Battel, one Frigate, and a Fireihip, proceed with Ic- vcral Tranfport Ships into fuch a Latitude in the Meridian of Ta- rentOy as he ihould judge moft proper, and that from thence two *Dutch Ships of War Ihould convoy thole bound to TarentOy and then the Vice- Admiral himlelf with the reft of the Ships accom- pany the other Tranfports as far as Cape St. Angela ^ where he was to leave them to be Icen by a Fourth and Fifth Rate as far as ChiOy Fochia Nova, or farther up the Arches if thought fir, and when they ihould be loaden, to condudt them to the Port oi Nava- rinoy upon the Morea^ and thence to Tort Maho»y or Barcelona, according as the Winds might be. It was alio rcfblved that when Mr. Baker had parted with the faid Convoy, he ihould proceed to Navarino, and that when he received Advice there by what time the Traniports, with the 'Dutch Ships, might be ready to fail from TarentOy he ihould govern himfelf cither by cruifing on the Coaft to annoy the Enemy, or proceed dircdly to that Port, and convoy the Tranfports to 'Port Mahon or Barcelona. Thefe Orders being difpatched, and Sir Edward JVhitaker hav- ing received Diredions to return to England, he left Tort Mahon the xyth oi March y and arrived ^x. Lisbon the 4th oi April with three Ships of the Third Rate, where making fome ftay tor our Trade, he failed the 19th of that Month, and arrived in the Cha- nel, in Company of the *Dutch Tortugal Fleet and their Convoys, the firft Day oi June 1710. But before I enter on the Account of Vice- Admiral Baker's Proceedings in the Mediterranean y I will give a ihort Relation of what happened at home this Year ; and of the Redudlion of Tort Royal in Nova Scotia. The Admiral of the Fleet, Matthew Ay Inter Eiq; being in the Soundings with ieveral of Her Majefty's Ships, and a coufiderable Number of thofe belonging to the Merchants, with their Convoys ^,,^;^^; ;\ I. outward-bound, he fent them forward on their reipedive Voyages mer /» iht thc Z7th oijuly, when he was about fixty eight Leagues S. W. by Soundings. \j ^f (hg Lizardy in the Latitude of 48' and is". The reft of that Day, and the next he lay by, but feeing on the 19th at Noon thir- teen Sail in the North-Eaft of him, he ordered t\\(i Kent, Ajrnrancc, and Tork to chafe a-hcad, himfelf following with the icft of the Ships ^ under sir Edward Whitakcr re. turns to Eng' land. Hi i.,_ A I'lendi sh p, tijt Su- perb.', takin. Chap XXX. from thcTear i6^%Joiii2. 7^5 under his 'Jommanii, and kept a prefTcd Sail the whole Night; but the Wcaihcr provin;^ very hazcy, he could nor didovcr next Moni- iug more rhaii one Merchant Ship a-head, another Ship a great way to Windward, which he found afterwards to be the Tork^ and three Sail more to Leeward, as far as it was poHible to dilcern them. The Admiral fending his Boats on board a French Merchant Vef- fcl, whiclj had been taken by the j^ffurancey the Mailer of her ac- quainted him, that the Ships which he had leen the Day before were fourteen in the Merchants Service, bound foT the Bank of Ncw/br/u J- land and Martinica, under Convoy of the Suferbe^ a French Ship of War of 56 Guns, and the Concord of 30, the former whereof, al- ter having Iccn them into the Sea, was to cruifc in the Soundings^ and the latter to proceed to Guinea ; that upon diicovering our Ships, they Icparated in the - ighr, the Concord \i\^ all the Mer- chant Ships proceeding on their Voyage, (which were the Ships to Leeward) and that the Ship a head which our Cruifcrs were in pur- liiir of, was the Superbc. Soon after this the Kenty commanded by Captain Robert John- Jouy came up with, and engaged her for the Space of an Hour, when Ihc ftruck, in which Adion the faid Captain Johnfon behaved him- iclf like a gallant Officer, and an experienced Seanan, for as he ac- tack'd this French Ship in a very handfbm manner, (6 was (lie taken by him without any AlTiftance, although Ihe had a greater Number of Men than the Kent. Both of them were very much Ihatrer'd in the Fight, but lb good a Sailer was the Superbcy that had fhe not been three Months off of the Ground, flic would in all probability have el'caped. This Ship had taken fcveral valuable Prizes from us before, and our Cruifcrs had often chafed her without Succefs; but becoming thus in our PofTefTion, fhe was regifter'd in our Royal Na- vy, being very beautiful, and not above eighteen Months old. There having been a Proje(St formed about the beginning of this Year,for taking from the French Tort Royals on the the Coaft of I ro, in addition to the four hundred carried froir hence in the 'J ranl- ports. When the Place was reduced, or that it ihould b? found tin:: all was done which poHiljIy could be with the Ships and Land lorccs, lie was to order the ChcJIcr^ Loweftojfi and Fevcrjhanty to return to their proper Stations at New England and New Torki and liim- Iclf with the other Ships and the Star Bomb VelTcl to repair ro Ja- maica^ together with the two Tranlports, and the Marine Ollicers and Soldiers, that lb the Commander in Chief of the Squ.ulron there might endeavour by them to man the Kingjion and Coventry^ with which, and the other Ships under his Command, he was tore- pair without lofs of time to England. Purfuant to thefc Inftrudions Captain Martin failed on his Voyage, and all things being Icttled at New England for the Attempt of Tort Royals he proceeded from Nantasket Road the i8th o'i Sep- tember^ with the Dragon^ Falmouth^ and Lowejloffc^ Fever jhatity Star Bomb-Vcflcl, the Province Gaily, two Hoipital Ships, thirty one Tranlports, and two thouland Land Forces, having lent the Qheftcr before, to endeavour to intercept any Supplies which the Enemy might attempt to (end to Tort RoyaU and on the 14th in the Afternoon he anchored at the Entrance of that Harbour, from whence (landing loon after nearer in towards the Fort, between Goat Ifland and the North fide of the laid Harbour, a Council of War was called, and purliiant to what was agreed, the finall Em- barcations, and Boats were gotten ready to receive the Men, and put them on lliorc. On the ijth, about Six in the Morning, Colonel Vetch and Co- lonel Rcdingy with fifty Men each, together with Mr. Forbes^ the Engineer, went on Ihore to view the Ground for landing the Troops, and foon after Colonel Nicholjbn himlelf was with the Body of the Men landed, the Enemy firing at the Boats in which they were, from their Cannon and Mortars, but with no great Succefs. Colonel Vetcb^ with five hundred Men on the North fide, fo lin- ed the Shore, as that he protedted the landing of the Cannon, Am- munition, and Stores ; and the Mortar being fixed on board the itorab- V. c'ch^ alio tlircc l)nel t the ^^^K>' cou. tack. Lithe i^^' ' what mk'- ■ 1 r nf* Hpv . loiild Wki caule W^'U <-, in HKr(,y rani- HEi'.i \r. all )rccs, ^B-Sf- cturn Chap. XK.X.frow tbeTcar iS^H.to i-ji2. 767 Bomb Vtird, Ihc driving up with (he Tide of Flood within Cannon- Ihot of the Fort, both that Day, and the next, bombarded the E- ncmy therein, which did in a great mealure induce them to capitu- late I'ooacr than ochcrwife they would have done, not but that they were very much gauled in the Attempts made on them , and the many Shot from the Artillery on lliore ; but the i8th, 19th, and joth the Bomb-VelTel was not able to throw any Shells, by reaibn of the hard Gales of Wind. The ill of O£iobert at a Council of War held in the Camp, two Letters which were received from Monfieur Subercajfcy direaed to Colonel N'tcholfon, were taken into Confidcration , together with the Anfwcrs which he had made thereunto, and the Preliminaries being agreed on, the Governor marching out of the Fort with the Garrilon, our Troops took PolTc^riou of it foon after, with Drums beating, and Colours flying, where hoiding the Union Flag* they, in Honour of Hci Majelly, called the Place Annapolis Royals and a fufficient Number of Men being lett therein, the Ships and Troops proceeded to New Englandy as (boa as all things nccelTary were iettled ; from whence Captain Martin departed not long after, ia order to his putting in Execution the remaining part of hii Inflruc- tions for his return to England. And now we return to Vice-Ad' miral Baker. That Officer having conducted the Tranfporrs to il-'c (everal Ports whereto they were bound, and arriving with them loaden at Barce- lonay got Sight of four Ships oti' of ine Tbare of Mefflna, and as many oa^iiaSf to which he gave Chaie, but could not Ipeak with them that Night. Next Morning, being the 3d of May, the Famff commanded by Captain Mafters, took one of the Ships ; the Suffolk, Captain Oeaveland ComminAQr , another of 56 Guns, called the Galliardy though flic had no more than 38 mounted, but the other two, betug fmaTl Gallies, with the Saetias, efcaped. The Vice- Admiral having feen the Tranlports lafe to Barcelona, joined Sir John Norris at Tarragona the X4th of June, of whole Proceedings from England, in order to his commanding in the Me- diterraneau, before this Jun(9:ion, and after it, it is necelfary in the next Place to give fomc Account. Vici-Aimir»l Bjker riiurni to Barcelona. Two Ftench Shifs taken. VUt-Admiral ^iVtt joiniSir John Norris, the from Chaf. 7^8 Naval Tt^atifaBiom of the Englifh, BookV. aK Chap.^ C H A 1>. XXXI. • 7TTr. Sir John Nor- rik arrivei at Port Mjhoii Jrom liiijj- '^ Ciuncil of W»r hild. Thi nifpo/lli- OH tftht Shift in thi Strejghts. Containing an AciGtwt of Sir John Norris'f Proctedtnoi while be commanded in the Mediterranean ^ with an Attempt made on Cettc and Agdc on the Coajl of Langucdoc, and the beating of the Spanifli Amy near Saragofa. SI R John Norris failed from 'Plimouth the nth of January^ and havineleen the Virginia and IVeJt-lndialx^At^y with their Con- voys, wclfinto the Sea, arrived at Tort Mahon the 13th oi Marchy where joining %\iEd'jjard fVhitaktr and Rear- Admiral i'omerjdyke, he found that leven of HerMajcftv's Ships, and two of the States-Ge- neral, were gone into the yfrf»w with Vice- Admiral iStf/^tr, ro pro- tcdfc the Merchant Ships andVeflcIs with Corn for Supply of the Ar- my in Catalonia^ as hath been before related, while others were ap- pointed on various Services ; and from hence he lent three En^Hflt^ with two 'Dutch Ships to Barcelona with the Publick Money, Rtciuits, Off. and to receive His Majcfty's Commands, who had by Letter dcfired him to come with the whole Fleet to that Port. The lid of March calling a Council of War, it was determined to fend home four Ships of the Third Rate, which were in the word Condition to remain abroad, purfiiant to the Orders he had received from the Lords of the Admiralty, as alio to detach one Fourth and two Fifth Rates to fetch General Stanhope^ and the Money for the Army from Genoa, lb that the Ships which would remain abroad under his Command were at this time dilpofed of in the manner fol- lowing, viz. two Fifth Rates were order'd to Lisbon to clean, and t hea to join him at 'Port Mahon ; one Third Rate, and one of the Fiftir were lent by Sir Edward fVhitaker, before he arrived, to Oran in Barbary, to convoy from thence Vertels with Corn to Barcelotiat and another Frigate on the like Errand to Aliier. Five Third Rarcs, one Fourth, one ^ifth, a Sixth, and a Firelnip were with Vice Ad- miral i?<7/(fr in and about \\kz Arches, which, with two ©»/f/j Ships, were to convoy Corn from thence. One Third Rate, and another of the Fourth were by Sir Edward IVhitaker order'd to cruife in the Vhare of MeJJina, and one of the Sixth fcnt by him to Genoa. A Fifth Rate was going to Sardinia, and a Fourth with two Fifths to Genoa for General Stanhope, (as is already mentioned) and four Third Rates, two of the Fourth, three Bomb Vefl*cls, and two Hofpital Ships were going with Sir fohn Norris himlcif to Bar- celona. While he remained at Tort Mahon, he had an Account tl>at the Tembroke, a Ship of 64 Guns, and the /Vj«/f(?« of 32, law the 19th oi'Deccmber, feveii Leagues to the Southward oi Nice, five Sail of Ships, which their Commanders believing to be part of Sir Edward JVhitaker's Chap. XXXI. from tbcTciir i(^>8, ^o 1 7 1 2. 76^ H'bttakcr\ Sqii.ulron, they haiihd upon a Wind, and Hood tow irds them, but ncKtiviii|^ they hail /'/ffffA Colours, and that two of thcni were llaMdnii; mt'itr /fnfii>i's, while iheorlicr three went away with an c.ily Sail, om Ships ni.uk- rho Si^n il appninrcd hy Sir /■,' pieces, the Ollioeis a^^iccd to llirrcnder. Captain (.oiijlabie^ who I'^^uiconyfo./ commanded the FatiUoii., v-as wounded by a imall Shot in the right «<. Shoulder, bur letr not his !'o(l ; and as ihc was alio very much dil- abled, lb were many of her iMcn killed and maimed. About fixrcen Days before this Accident happened, the ITar- fpii!,ht and Breda ^ each mounted with 70 Guns, the former com- manded by Captain 'Jofins Ooz:;, and rhc latter by Captain Tbowas Long, being about forty Leagues S. W. by W. from Cape Roxenty gave chalc to a Ship which was dilcovcred at a confiderablc diftancc. The Breda gcrtin^ up with her a little after eleven a Clock, had a (hort, but a very warm Dilputc, in which her Commander was flain ; but when the IVarjpight came up dole under her Quarter, and was ready to lay her on board, (he (urrcndcred. This Ship had f 4 Guns mounted, was called the A/cor, and by that Name flic was rcgiftcr'd in the Lift of our Royal Navy. The 7th Qi April Sir "John Morris failed from Tort Mahon, and the nth arrived at Barcelona^ where having alliftcd at Council with ^/rjohnNor- the King of Spain, he was informed by his Majefty, that he had ^\,l"\'J^l " Advice the Enemy intended to attempt Cagliari with twciity Gal- lics, five Ships, other f'mall VcfTcIs, and about three thoufand five hundred Men, and therefore defired him to do his utmofl to fruftratc them, or if, inllcad oi Sardinia, they ihould have a Dcfign on Naples. A Council of War was called upon a fccond Letter from the King a council of of Spain, and it was determined to proceed to Sardinia with the '""'■ <>"tr- Vicc-Roy, the Count de Cifncntes, and to land him, with fuch o- Z"dL\itH thers as his Majcfly Ihould appoint, at Cagliari, but if they found nu, not the Enemy there, to repair to Vado, in order to the convoying from thence to Barcelona the Imperial Troops ready to embark ; and fmcc Vice Admiral Baker was luddenly expcded on the Coaft of Catalonia, it was agreed that Orders Ihould be left for him to adl as might be moft for the Service of the King oi Spain, but firfl to repair to 'Port Mahon to rcvidtual. M Fffff Having 770 NavalTratif anions of the Englifti, Book V. sir John Nor- ris froctedi from Sardinia to the Coaft of Italy. Jgrtei to pnd a Squa- dron in que/l of fomt French shifs. ^I^rccd to Je'id foine Ships with 'Iroops to Sar- tliiiia. khipi appoint- ed to feveral Station:, A French &hip forced on fiore. Having condu•''''""' at the Troops might be landed in Valencia, and that the Fleet might '^"'^'^'°''»- be as foon as pon]bIe at Tarragona, it was refolved to proceed thi- ther, and th.it Vice- Admiral Baker Ihould follow. The lorh he arrived at Tarragona, and the King having recom- ihe Fleet mended it to him that, after the Troops were landed, an Attempt comes, f of might be made on Vitieros, a fmall Town on the Coafi of Valen- •'"''ii^"'- cia, and i\'\ Magazines which the Enemy had therein, as alfo that a Convoy might be appointed to three hundred Horfes from Sar- dinia, and that then the Fleet might be divided, lb as that one part njight apjicar on the Coaft of Valencia, while the other lay on that of Roitffillon at the lame time, he failed from Tarragona, and join- ing ViCv': Admiral Baker, with five Ships of the Third Rate, and a Fir°fhip, he ordci'd as ftrong a Detachment as he could Ipare from the Fleer, together with the Boats, and fent in the fnwU Frigates to F f f t f a covet The I'ejJ'tli with the Dukt ol Tiirfis'f Pro •ji/uas I m /?* An Attempt iwttnded en thi Town of Cette, and the Troffs landed there. The Town and Fort of ("ettc furren iler. 772 NavalTraftfaBionsofthcEngliih, BookV. cover their landing near Vhterosy but there being at that time a fwelled Sea, all the Officers were of opinion it was not fafe to at- tetnpt the putting the Men on fhore ; bcfides, the Mailer of a Ship of Uenoa, who had the King of Spaitt's Pals, affirmed that the Ene- my had not any Magazine there ; wherefore it was determined to range a Day or two along the Coaft of Valencia, to alarm them, and then to proceed to Barcelona, where arriving the 30th oi May, he received a Letter from General Stanhope^ then at Tarragona, let- ting him know the King had confcnted the Regiment of Colonel Stanhope fhould be embarked, with three hundred Men from Tort Mahon, to be employed on a Dcfign in the Gulph of Lyons^ with a Gentleman lent on purpofc from England by the Queen's particular Order. This Enterprize was intended on Cette, on the Coafl: of Languedocy and all things being ready, it was determin'd at a Coun- cil of War, held the 6ch of Julyy to fend by Exprefs to his Royal Highnefs the Duke of Sauoy an Account of the Defign ; and failing from Barcelana the 9th, they arrived on the Coaft of Cette the 1 3 th, where the Troops were put on fliore. The next Morning, at break of Day, they marched to the Town, and Ibme Ships were appointed to batter the Fort at the Mold-Head, whereupon the Inhabitants be- taking themfelves to the Church, a^er a Imall firing the Town fur- render'd, as did the Fort, on which were mounted eighteen Pieces of Cannon. A Detachment of three hundred Men were left to fecure the Place, and Major-General Seiffau, with the Regiment of Stan- hope, and above three hundred Marines, marching to the Town of Agde, took a Poft before it which makes the Ifle oi Cette, and that Night the Town capitulated without any Refiftance. The 15th there was Advice that the Duke de Roquelaure, who commanded in the Province oiLanguedoc, deligned to make aDef- cent by Boats over the Lake on the Ifland of Cette, and the Ma- jor- General acquainted Sxvjohn Norris that he would endeavour to oppofe it, defiring the Affiftance of the Boats belonging to the Fleet on the Lake, whereupon he, with the 'Dutch Flag, mann'd and arm'd all the Boats the next Morning, and going on the faid Lake, prevented the intended Attempt ; but our Troops, left to guard the Poft of Agde, by fome Miftake quitted the fame, and were coming the Pojis the) uway iu Saetias. The Major- General propoled marching bad. to had taken, jeg^in (hg Pafs, and accordingly it was refolved fo to do, but being loon after informed that a great Body of Troops were coming down, it was thought proper to embark our Men, part of whom were left in the Fort of Cette to cover the Retreat. The Enemy purfued lb hard, that they took our advanced Guard, when the Fort liirrendercd to them, and as foon as they uuderftood the Major-General was employed in this Enterprize, (who had Ihewn great Zeal and Bravery, and was a Native of that Country) they not only imprifoned his Family, but expofcd them to very great Hardfliips. This Affair ending thus, Sir John Norris failed the 19th, and fhewed himfelf off" of Thouion and Marfeilles, fome Days after which he flood into the Road of Hyeres, where difcovering a Ship, » Flyboat CHi Our Troops driven from Hardfiifs done by the Frcncn to the Tamily of Liemenant- Cintrai Seil- fan. f- hr t ¥■ f ^'I'r John Nor- iis comts to Bircelo. a. I he t'nemy's ^irmy t taitn mar batago- 14. Chap. XXXI. /t^w theTear 1 69%, to\ii2, 773 Flyboat builr, of about 50 Guns, under three Forts upon the Ifland ^« -frnft of Vort Cros, he -.dcrcd (ome Englijh and 1)utch Frigates, under 'irench'Jif the Command of Captain Stepney^ to attack the (aid Flyboat, and »t '*« V«« »/ /orts, which, after a confidcrabic Fiie, beat the Men out of her, ^y*''"* and the lowermoft of thole Forts ; but as our Boats boarded the Ship, llie took fire by a Train the Enemy had laid, and blowing up, thirty five of our People were killed and vvoundcd. Our Crullers 0^ oi Thoulon unluckily mils'd the French Convoy, for being in great want of Water they were obliged to leek a Sup- ply, mean while they got into Port. On the 14th oi Augufl Sir "John Morris came olTot Mahotit and arrived in Barcelona Road three Days after, where he iiiLt with rhe good News of our Army's having entirely defeated that vvii!i the Duke of Anjou, near Sara- gofa, which might juftly be attriaured to the Advice, Condud:, and Bravery of General Stanhope, who had prefTcd rhe King and Mar- ihal Staremberg to attack them, and fr'iti whii h he dclcrvcdiy re- ceived Thanks from his Majcft) ar the Head ot the Army. The 'Dutch intending about this time to reiurn home, S\x John Norris would have had no more Ships wirh him, afer luch a Se- paration, than nineteen, lefides two oi 40 Guus ; however, at the Defire of the King of Spain , he was proceeding on an Enterprize on the Coaft of Valencia, his Majefty with his A'"my being within eight Days March of Madrid, aiid rlic Duke and Duchels of Anjou, retired to Valladolidy but this Defign was not pur in Execution, the Horle not being ready ro embark, and the Provifions in tlie Ships crowing very Ihort, (o that it was relolved to proceed to Tort Ma- fjon, and the 'Dutch Vice- Admiral failed homewards. The SquaThon being cleaned. Sir John Norris failed from 'Port Mahon the 30th oi Othber, and proceeding down the Streights^ he took on the 6th of the next Month three French Ships from Newfoundland. The 9rh he arrived at Gibraltar, when by the beft Intelligence he could gain, the Enemy had not above five or fix Ships cruifing without the Streights, whereas our Squadron confifted of leven under the Command of Captain Mighils *. Sir John Norris had no more than nine with him, with which he determined to pro- ceed up the Mediterranean, as high as 'Port Mahon, with the Turky Convoy and Trade, and there to confider how to proteroper Mcafures for preventing it, if the Enemy bad really had any iich Intentions. Having thus given a brief Account of what Steps were taken to let forth this Squadron, which, e'er it returned, put the Nation to a very confiderable Expencc, it remains that we accompany them on the Expedition, and I Ihaii give as particular an Account of their Proceedings as thc Papers which I have before me will enable mc to do. sirHovenden ^''' Hovenden Walker was under fail with the Ships of War and Walker /<«/«. Transports, of[oi'Duno/e the 19th oi April \f\\, but coming off" of the Start the ifl: of the next Month, aWefterly Wind obliged him to put in at Tlimoutb. Being the length of the Headman the 4th, he met with thc Kent, Effex, and Tlimouth^ which Ships he cook with him feme Leagues into the Sea, and then left them to their former Service of cruifing in the Soundings. Hi arrives at '^^^ *'4^^ ®^ 7"''^ he arrived at Nantaskct, near Bofton in New New Eng- England, having then with him five Ships of the Third Rate, fix land. of the Fourth, one of the Fifth, and two Borab-Veflels, but not < meeting ST* expcdcd ( v/hich Shi{ a Ship of 1 had icvcni Garrifon o Thc Lo finall Friga he ordered Her Majcl this he thc his procec thc People gcrous, ai Jhirei whi( for which the Edgar Windjbr^ that a Sh France ve T>evonfl)h til the laft He had when it whiles ca intricate, Gajpe Ba atN.W. Leeward, nity to pr fiihing, nc ThcWi gaining hi gy, and little Wine Fog, and it impoflll Land, noi lots then bcft in th their Hea believing Shore* bi kV. cwccn If' Com- ! plca- Ak't thcir Sni'- :m, in ;rvrcc. ^efign )r car- h were l^Hw^ sBay, to the *t'' '« Elq; Mode fki meeting with that ready Alliftancc which was cxpcdtcd ftoin the Government and People ot that Country, it was tnc 30th of Ju/y before he lailcd from thence, and then he was on his way to &ue- bcik with the Britijh and Meiv England Forces. The 14th oiylugujl he got the length of the Bird-IJlandsy which f^'"»" " '*« lie about two huncired and fifty Leagues from Cape Anne^ and hav- ""'""*"'*»• ing lent the Cheflcr., Leopard, and Sapphire to cruifc between Pla- ccntia and Cape Breton, on an I (land oppoHte to Newfoundlaudy expcdled their joining him in his Paflage to ^lebeCy the former of which Ships had taken, and lent into Bojton, before he failed thence, a Ship of about one hundred and twenty Tuns, with 10 Guns, that had Icventy Men on board, whereof thirty were Soldiers for the Garriion of ^ebec. The Lowejtoffy Feverjhan?. Entcrprize^ and TritotisTriae, all i-*'"' fl»ti»n- Cnall Frigates, which were fti'tioned at New Tork, and l^irginiaj Nevv'y'ork he ordered to join him off jf Cape Breton^ being empowered by »nd virgini* Her Majefty's Orders fo to do, if he fliould find it neceflary, and •""* *'*"• this he the rather did, bccaufe of the Uie they might be to him in his proceeding up the River to ^ebecy which Navigation moft of the People with whom he nad ipoken rCprefented to be very dan- gerous, and tlicrcfore he rightly judged the Humber and "Devon- jhirei which mounted 80 Guns each, too big to be ventured thither, for which reaibn he fent them home, and Inifted his Flag on board sends home the Edgar, a Ship of 70 Guns, General Hill removing into the '*• Humber Windjor, which carry'd ten left; but fince he had Information fl"j,y. "°^' that a Ship of 60 Guns and another of 30, were expeded from France very fuddenly, he ordered the aforcfaid Ships Humber and 'Devonjhire to cruife in the opening of the Bay of St. Lawrence un- til the laft of Auguft, and then to purfue their Voyage home. He had very fair Weather until he got into the aforcfaid Bay, «< arrive in when it became changeable, fometimes thick and foggy, and other- '*« «"> "/ whiles calm, and little Winds, and the Navigation appeared to be ' "^'^'^""' intricate, and hazardous. The 1 8th oi Auguji, when he was off of Ga/p^ Bay, near the Entrance of the River Canada, it blew frcih at N. W. and left the Tranlports fliould be ieparated, and blown to Leeward, he anchored in that Bay, where flaying for an Opportu- Anchors in nity to proceed up the River, he burnt a French Ship which was ^*'^P'^ ""'• fifliing, not being able to brmg her off The Wind veering Wefterly the xoth of Auguft, he had hopes of gaining his Paffage, but the next Day, after Noon, it proved fog- gy, and continued io all Night and the Day foltowing, with very little Wind , till the Afternoon , when there was an extreme thick Fog, and it began to blow hard at E. and E. S. E. which rendering it impofllble to fleer any Courfe with Safety, having neither fight of Land, nor Soundings, or Anchorage, he, by the Advice of the Pi- lots then on board him, both Englijh and French, who were the bcft in the Fleet, made the Signal for the Ships to bring to with urm^stowUh their Heads Southward, at which time it was about Eight at Night, *" «»'"' believing that in that Poflurc they ihould not come near the North ^'"*'^'^'*'^- Shore^ but rather have driven with the Stream in the Mid-Chanel ; G g g g g z but. ifi 1 'k ^h 78o NavaITratifi£HonsoJthcEn^\i{hyhoovi\, H Chap. In dun^n tn thi North short among Rockt and IJtandi. lu^ljt Iraiif- port i//(/< UJl. obfirvaikn. A Council of War catltd. ^udg'd tin- fradicat/te to (:«/«^ /a Que- bec. sirHovenden Walker re- fain to Spa- nilli Riier. A Councii :f Sea and Land Officers, but, on the contrary, as they lay with their Heads Southward, and the Winds Eaftcrly, in two Hours time he t'oimd hiinltlt on the North Shore, among the Rocks and Iflands, at leafl fihccn Leagues farther than the Log-Line gave, where the whole licet had like to have been loft, the Men of War cicaping the dani^er with the utmoft difficulty, but eight Tranlport Ships were caft away, ami almoft nine hundred Officers, Soldiers, and Seamen pcrilhed. The French Pilot (who, as ii was laid, had been forty Voyages in this River, and eighteen of them in Command) informed him that when it happens to be lb foggy as to prevent the fight of the Land, it is impofliblc to judge of the Currents, or to ffecr by any Courfe, for that he himlclf had loft two Ships, and been another rime caft away up'^n the North Shore when he judged himicif near the South, inlbmuch that it was extreme diflicult to procure Men in Fntnce to proceed on (o dangerous a Navigation, fincc almoft every Year they fufTered Shipwreck. Thus it appeared how much things had b.cn mir"nrr(bnted in Great Britain,, by tlioic who pretend d to aver that hicct: of Ships might lafely proceed up the River to <^fhl/cc, and it was demonftra- blc that the People o( Bojion knew not any thing of what they propoled, when Schemes were laid for luch an Expedition. After this unhappy Dilafter, and when Sir HovcJidcn Halkrr had plied two Days with very frefli Gales between the Well and the South, to lave what Men, and other things he could, he called a Council of War, and upon enquiring of the Pilot.s, (who had been forced on board the Ships by the Government of Neiv England) and duly examining into every Circumftance, it was judged imprac- ticable for a Fleet to get up to ^lebec, fmce there were lb many apparent Dangers, and no Pilots qualified to take the Charge ; be- fides, it was the Opinion of them all, both Englijh and French,, that had the Squadron been higher up the River, with the hard Gales they met with, all the Ships would inevitably have been loft. At this Council of War there were, befides the Rear- Admiral, Cap- tain Jofefh Soanesy Captain John Mitchell Captain Robert Arris, Captain George Walton ,, Captain Henry Gore, Captain George 'Faddon, Captain John Cockburn^ and Captain Augujtine Roufe. The Confultation being over, the Sapphire was lent to Bojion with an Account of the Misfortune, and the Mountague to find our the Humber and 'Devonjhirey and to ftop all Ships bound up to ^ebec; and the Leopard being left with fome Sloops and Briganrines, to take any Men from the Shore that might be faved, and to endea- vour to vvfeigh (bme Anchors left behind, he proceeded to Spanijh River in the Ifland oi Breton ^ the Rendezvous he had appointed, there to be perfcftly informed of the State of the Army and Fleet, and to fettle Matters for their farther Proceedings, but all the Ships did not join till the 7th of September. The 8th Day, by Confent of the General, he called a Council of War of Sea and Land Officers, where it was confidered whether, under their prefent Circumftances, it was pradticable to attempt a- ny thing againft 'Placentia, which all of thcin very much inclined to; 4 Ci^AP.XKXill. f?'omthcTcar i6^S, to I'j 12. 781 to ; but upon examining into the State of the Proviflons on board the Men of War and Tianlports, it was found there was but ten Weeks at Ihort Allowance in rhe former, and in the latter much Id's lu that ir was unanimoudy agreed not any thing of that kind 'ir*"' »" could be unilcrrakcn, bur that it was ncceflfary the Squadron and ^',^''^|'^''/,' '" Tranr|X)rts Ihould proceed to Great Britain, fincc they had but cci'ui.' bircly Piovifions lufficicnt for theVoyai;c, and that there was not any Profped: of a Supply from New England, the Scaibn of the Year being too fu advanced for' navigating lafcly in thole Parts of the World. At this Council of War there were, befides the Sca- Olliccrs of the laft, General Hilly Colonel Charles Churchill, Co- lonel IVilliam IVindreJfe^ Colonel Campcnfelt , Colonel Clayton y Colonel Kirke, Colonel ''Difney, Colonel KanCy together with Co- lonel Vetch y and Colonel JValtOHy who commanded the Forces railed in New Blnglaud. Purliiaiit ro what was thus determined in SPantj}) River, he fail- ed the I'^th oi September, and arrived at St. Helen's rhe 9th o(0(lo- sirHovenden her ; and thus ended an Evpedition lb charfi;eablc to the Narion, and ^^ '"f ;" " froiu which no Advantage could realonably be expected, confldcring i^mi how unadvilcdiy it was let on Foot by thole who nuricd it up upon fallc Suggcllions, and Reprcientations; befides, it occafioncd the drawing Ironi our Army in FlanderSy under Command of his Grace the Duke of Marlboroughy at Icaft fix thouland Men , where, in- ftcad of beating up and down at Sea, they might, under his aalpi- ubftrvaucn. cious Condudt, have done their Country Service. Nay, there mav be added to the Misfortunes abroad , an unlucky Accident which happcn'd even at their Return on our own Coaft ; for a Ship of the Squadron, called the Edgar, of 70 Guns, had not been many Days at an Anchor at Spitheady e'er (by what Cauie is unknown) Ine blew up, and all the Men which were on board her perilhed. Chap. XXXIII. CoHta'mhig an Accotnit of Sir Hovendcn Walker'^ Proceed- ings wtth a Squadron in the Weft- Indies j with the At- tempts made by the French on our Plantations of An- tegoa and Montferat, and an Account of a terrible Hurricane at Jamaica. HAving already acquainted you that fome time after Sir Hoven- den fValker returned from the before-mentioned unfortunate Expedition, he was fent out with a Squadron to the fVeft-Indies to relieve Commadore Litttetorty it may not be improper in this Place to accompany him from, and to Great Britain again, after which I ihall treat of what happcn'd remarkable in the Chanel , and laft of all I.e. I ■ Hi ctmt$ It 782 NavalTranfaEliofis of the En^\i(h, BookV. all in the Mediterranean, while Sir Jo/jm JcHniuf^s coniiiwndcd Her Majcfty's Ships id thole Parts. 1711. Sir Hovenden Walker failing from %x.Hclni% the i8th of /Ipn/ with one Ship of the Third Rate, two of the Fourth, tlircc of the' Fifth, and one Sixth, arrived off of Tlhnouth the next Day, havinij in his Company about one hundred Merchant Ships, bur rhe Wind taking him (hort, he was obliged to so into Port ; however ho iailcd thence next Morning, when the SoutbfeaCaJtle, cummaiidcd by Captain Temple^ chafed, and took a Privateer of 14 Guns, and one hundred Men. On the 4th of May^ being about fourteen Fxaqucs from Caf>f Fmfterre, which bore S. E. by S. he parted with the Litchfield 9xA Southfea-Caftle y and the Trade bound to 'Portugal y and ar- riving at the Aladeras the lorh, with the Motiwoutb, AuohII Centurion^ Scarborough, Roebuck and "J alley, one ofwlijch was of the Third Rate, two of the Fourth, two of the Fifth, and the other a Frigate of about 10 Guns, it was determined to leave the Barba- <^(?M Trade, which he met with here, under the Care of their pro- per Convoy, the JVoolwich^ Swallow, and Lme, and to proceed as foon as the Ships had taken in Wine, as uliial ; but before this could be accompliihed the Barbadoes Convoy was ready, and they ail failed together the i8th. The 14th of June he arrived at Atitegoa, where he was dcftred by the General of the Leeward IJlands lb to diipole of the Ships of War in the fVeft-Indies, as that they might be ready to fuctour him, if another Infurredion fhould happen, which he aHured him he would do, by fending (bmc Ships from Jamaica, upon the fird notice from him that there was any Difturbance, and left Orders with Cv^iaxti Archibald Hamilton y who commanded the Ships at Barbadoes, to come to the Governor's AfTiftance at Antegoa in cafe of any mutinous Attempts. At that Ifland he found the T>iamond and Experiment, two Ships of the Fifth Rate, which ha>! taken a confidcrablc Prize, and failing jirHovendcn from thence the i6th of J un. , !ie arrived at Jamaica the 6th of the Walker *r- gjgjjj Month, where he wa'> informed that Captain Mabbot of the Mary Gaily, with his Lieutenant, and Mafter, after having very bravely behaved themlclves, were killed on the Coafl of Guinea, Captain Ryddell of the Falmouth, and he, having there met with two French Ships, which, after a (harp Engagement, got away from them. Upon Sir Hovenden Walker'^ coming to Jamaica, he was inform- ed by Commadore Littleton how the Ships which had been under his Command were difpofcd of in fcveral cruifmg Stations, who by Orders from the Lords Commiflloners of the Admiralty was to re- turn to England with the 'Defiance and Salisbttry Trize, to- gether with the Trade, as foon as they fhould be ready to iail ; but lome time after he lent him home a PafTcn^cr in the former Ship, for Ihe only accompanied thole of the Merchants. The 15th of July the Salisbury and ^Defiance came in from crui- fing, and brought with them a Prize which they took out of the ' Harbour Ctmti to tilt Leeward- Ifliinds. rivei at Ja- maica. f Some Pruts taken. Othir Fritu hrtHihi in. CHAP.XXXlll./r^;// tbcTcariS^S, to 1112. 7S3 ffjrboiir ot' Santa Mat f ha, loadiii with Bale Goods, after (lie had l)ccu liiiik by a Hole the hunch hail m.iJe iu her bottom; and the liimc Day the SaLshury 'Prize came to Jamaica from cruifing on the North fide of tint iHuul with a Sloop (he had taken, wnofc Comnuiidcr mvc him an Account that the J'/ fieur Caffard, from 5*0 to 76 Guns, and that their Defign was to at- tack the Leeward IJlands. The lame Day another Advice- Boat came in, with an Account that the Enemy had attacked Monferat, whereupon the Governor oi Barbadoes called a Council, and dcfircd the Captains of the Ships of War to afllft thereat, which were the Woolwich, Captain Archibald Hamilton^ the Swallow, Captain 'Drake, the T anther. Captain Conjlable, Bt4rlington,Cipti\a Clarke, and the Experiment, Captain Matthew Elford. As foon as the Ships could pofTibly be put into a Condition, Captain Hamilton, who commanded in Chief, proceeded with them to An- tegoa, where he arrived the loth, and next Day the Captains meeting at a Council of War, they refolvcd to lail early the iid dirc Being joined by the Rtiffia Trade, he guarded them as far as Schetland, and lending them forward from thence with their pro- per Convoy, he returned to x\\cT)o-jjtis., where receiving Orders to proceed Weftward, he arrived at Titrnouth the 23d oi Odober, and being required, towards the latter end of 'December, to look out for Monfieur iJu Caffe, he determined to put to Sea with luch four Ships of his Squ.idron as Ihould be fiift ready. The 6th oi January the Tork brought into 'Plhnouth a Privateer of 18 Guns, and two Days after the Kinfale, a Ship of the Fifth Rare, carac to that Port, which had met with and engaged a French Frigate of 44, an Hour and half, near the Iflands of Jcrjey and Guernfey, her Mails, Yards, and Rigging being very much dif- abled. On the 8th of January Sir Thomas Hardy failing from Tlmouth with fix Ships of War, came o^ o'i^jhant, wi.cn eroding the Bay for Cape Fin'tjierre., he cruilcd between the Latitudes of 43 and 45"' North, and thirty and forty Leagues Wefting from the laid Cape, ibreading every Day, each Ship within View of the other, at Icalt fixtcen Leagues. The jd oi February he took the '^Ptter Gaily, of about 12.0 Tuns, which lailed from St. ''Domingo the nth oi 'De- cember ^ the Mailer whereof afTured him that Monfieur Da Ca^JJe was not ready to come (torn Alartinico, when a Sloop which he had fpoken with before he left St. Domingo lailed from thence, but when that was his 'viemory did not ferve him to tell with any Cer- tainty. The 13th of February he took a Privateer from 'Dunkirk of 20 Guns, which had been cruifing with four more between Cape Fini- Jierre and the Rock of Lisbon ; and on the xift of March the H h h h h 1 Matter '■?" lirTlllii ^i. p tallcl il,t 0:litr I'rUt. t.xlcn. Sir T'nOITI.1S H ir.iy /ffj the lvulii.> lia.ie HI far as •^■;h,;li,iiul, and then pro- ccedi Htjt- ward. 17:;. The Y(irk mK'i (J French I'ri'jiiteer. sir ThDinss H.udy pro- crc Is inti^ the A Privatttt taken. ■' r 788 NavalTrajifa8ionsoftheEng\i{h, BogkV. Ch. jidvkc of Alonjic^ir i5u Call'c itt the CJroyiie. OtI.c ir^cnce Monfieu Du Curt- Maftcr of a fluall Prize informed him that Monficur T>n Cue Tro- •vine was at "Paris ; that three of his Sliips from the H'lji- Indies were not arrive^l, one of 70, one of 60, and another of ^4 Guns, and that the Alars^ which had loft all her Marts, was put into lomc Port of Gailieia. Having got four Ships of his Squadron refitted and vidluallcd at Tlimonth^^Xto which Port he was obliged to return) lie put to Sea with them, and had Intelligence that Monficur 'Z)« CdJJc arrived at the Groyne the 7th of February, with only one Ship of 60 Guns in his Company , and that as foon as the Spauijh Money was landed, he was to repair to Madrid, but that the Ships follow- ing would be ready to iail the i8th, namely, the St. Michael of 76 Guns, the 60 Gun Ship before-mentioned, and one of 4c, toge- ther with the Mars of 60 Guns, which was one of Monficur 2)a Cue Trovine's Squadron, and being dilabled, they would take her in a Tow. This made him ufe his utmoft Endeavours to get ofT of Breff, in hopes of meeting them, but Ipeaking with the Mafter of a Vclfel on the 13d belonging to Hamburgh, which came from Bourdcaux, he gave an Account that the S. Michael'?, Boar had been on board him ,„,,;;,. Ibmc Days before, about thirty Leagues Weft ward oi Belle IJle, and <•/ he cxadlly dclcribcd the other Ships before-mentioned, which, as he laid, flood N. E. to go through the Race oiFontenay, iulbmuch that he believed they got into Breji the zift. Sir Thomas Hardy had but little Succels againft the Enemy be- fore the beginning of Auguft, when chafing fix Ships and a Tartan, one of them lioifted a broad white Pendant at Main-top-raaft Head, ihortened Sail, and making the Signal for a Line of Battel, tacked, and ftood tow ards him, believing (as it was afterwards owned) that A French °"'" Ships wcte Privatccts oiFluJhingy with two Prizes ; but when squadron dif- thcy camc nearer, and found themlelves deceived, they kept their ''''T''ffi"'' Wind, and made all the Sail they could, as our Ships did after them, every one endeavouring to come up as foon as it was poftible. At Five in the Afternoon Sir Thomas coming near one of them, which was the Criffin, a Ship of the King's, but lent out to the Mer- chants, of 44 Guns, with two hundred and fifty Men, commanded by the Chevalier B'^/r^ Knight of the Order oi St. Louis, fhe Ihortened fail, and brought to, when (ending fomc of his Officers on board our Flag, he let him know by them that he was bound with Bale Goods to La Vera Cruz, and that before he failed from Breft, he received Letters from Tar is, alTuring him he might in few Days expedt the Queen of Great Britain's Pafs, but that his Friends advifed him not to lole an Opportunity of a Wind by ftay- ing for it ; to which he was anfwered, that if he had not the Pafs on board the Ship was lawful Prize, whereupon he fubraitted with- out any Rcfiftance. Sir Thomas Hardy fent his Lieutenant to the Ship ncarcft him, with Diredions to her Commander to afTift in taking PofTcflion of the Prize, and not fhortening Sail himfelf, with the reft of the Ships under his Command chaicd the remainder of the Enemy, who made all CO the G taken ■iffin kV. Tro. Indies Guns, lomc 't Ficnrh yhip la'.cn liy the 13crwi>:l\. CHAP.XXXI\'./i^<9;// thcTcari6<^S, to 1712. jS^ all the ihil that pofTibly they could, two of them, with the lartan, keeping their Wind, and the other two going away large. The ni;rj:;ick ch.ilbd to Windward, wliilc Sir Thonms, in the Kciit^ where he bore his Flag, and the JVhidJly\ flood after the other two ; but as the Wind dullercd, ami was Inmctinics (.]uirc calm, the U'htdjur now lay acrois him, and then I-.ad a dale of Wintl u hen he had none a: all. However the laid Ship Jl'indf(>r\ about Eleven at Nighr, came within random Shot of the St.Efp)it, of 36 Guns, and one hundred and leventy five Men, bound with Bale-Goods to Cadiz.., and after they had engaged near an Hour, flie blew up, ]w[\ at the time when, as her Commander laid, ho was going to ftrikc, but he, with thirty of her Men, were laved by our Boats. The Ber-Jiick took the Adventure of Havre de Grace., carrying II Guns, and forty Men, bound to Nc-Ji'foundland, but her Mafter producing the Queen's Pals, (lie was permitted to proceed on her Voyage. The laid Ship took alio r\\cD Incomparable., of 16 Guns, defigncd for Martiiiica ; but tlic other of 8 Gun?, and the Tartans made their Elc.ipc ; however th.c Ruby was towed by h.r Boats to the Ship of rz Guns, which flic took, being alio called the Rubyj and was bound to St. T>omingo. The before-mentioned Ship Grifpn being brought into Port, and the Pcrlbns concerned in her folicitnig a confidcrable time very ear- ncftly for her Rclealc, as Sir 'Thomas Hardy did for her Condemna- tion, that lb flie might, with her Loading, be divided between hira- I'elf and the Captors, they were at length conftraincd to quit their Pretenfions for a Sum of Money which was very Ihort ot her real Value. Sir John Leake, as Admiral of the Fleet, commanding in the Chanel in the Year 171 1, little or nothing remarkable happcn'd ; for flnce the Defeat given the French the preceding War off of Cape Barfleur by the Earl of Orford, and the Deftrudtion of fo many of their capital Ships then forced on fhore at La Hognc and Cherbourg., and the Wounds they orherwile received in their Naval Force, they did not think it advilcable to come forth with any confiderablc Num- bers in thele Seas, but have cither divided thciti into i'raall Squadrons, or the French King hath contented himlclf in lending his Royal Ships to Merchants, to fervc as Privateers, or on trading Voyages, in cither of which Cafes he hath had a Proportion of the Profit ; or if any Number of his Ships hath been let forth together in a war- like manner, they were chiefly employed to annoy our foreign Iflands and Plantations, and the Trade in thole Parts ; for never after the Defeat beforc-mention'd would they encounter us with a Fleet, un- lels it was when Sir George Rooke engaged them o^ c[ Alalnga, of which I have given an Account in its proper Place. The next Year Sir John Leake received a CommifTion from the Lords of the Admiralty to command again in the Chanel, and it was upon occafion oi 'Dunkirk's being to be delivered up to Ibmc of nmikirk de- thc Troops oi Great Britain^ under theCondud: of Lieutenant- Gc- ''"'"' "T neral /////, which having feen efTccSied, he returned to the 1)o-u;nsj j,',(,,"° ' ' leaving rfic Troops in that Garriibn to take care that what remained to 1711. ' II. 7^o NavalTrafjfa&iomoftheEngVitti, BookV. to be performed was pur in Execution, namely, its Demolition after the Peace fliould take place. We will thcrclbre thus end our Naval Affairs at home, and con- clude the whole of this Work with Vice- Admiral linker'^ I'rocecdinys while he commanded a Squadron on the CoaO of Tortmral, and then of what happcn'd remarkable during Sir j'obn Jchu///ps's be- ing at the head of our Ships of War in the Mediterranean. n^ Chap. XXXV. Coyita'niing an Acconnt of Fice-Zldtrjiral Baker'j Proceed- iNgi while he comrtianddd a Squadron on the Coali of Portugal. VIce-Adr.iiral Baker being on the Coaft of Tortugal in fa- nttay^, with five Ships of the Third Rate, one of the Fourth, and two of the Fifth, purlbant to a Treaty of Alliance between Her Majcfty and that Crown, for protcdting not only the Coaft, but the TortnguefcTx^Ao.t it was C! the 4th oi February determined at a Council 3f War, upon confidoring Orc'ers which he had received from the Lords of the Admiralty, to proceed with all the Ships under his Command as a Guard to the Storcfliips, Vidtuallers, and Tranfporrs, bound to 'Port Mahon for Supply of the Fleer, oft' of Cape Spartcll, or into the Strci^hts Mouth, and thence to fend two Men of War with them to Gibraltar^ and that then the reft of the Squadron ihould cruilc either in fight of the laid Cape, or that of St. Marys,^ or between both, for intercepting the Enemy's homeward bound Ships, there being a Report that Monfieur T)tt Cajfe (v.'hom we have lately had occafion to mention) was cxpedled in ibme Parts in France with the Spanijh Galleons ; but that how- ever the Squadron Ihould return, ib as to be at Lisbon by the ift of March, O. S. , -. JA^;,.) Purluant to this Relblution the Vice-Admiral failed the 8rh of I ue-Aamiral ,-11 t» » Baker jfrDCfc/i teoruary, and on the ifth was mformcd by two 'Dutch Runners, to^nii^e frcm which camc in fix Weeks from the Ifland of St. Thomas, that two ""^ Days before they came away they had an Account Monfieur TDu Caffe was failed ftom Martittico with his Squadron, and about four- teen Merchant Ships. On the i6th o( February, e'er he received this Advice, he chafed a Ship about twelve or thirteen Leagues from Cape St. Mary's, which ran on fliore and liink on a Bank, as they afterwards found, when the Weather would permit them to look nearer in towards the Land, and the Tortuguefe having r.iken Pof- felTion, rifled her all they could, her Loading being Sugar, Cocoa, Snuffi and Hides, and (as it was reported) Ihc had Plate on board to the value of twenty thoufand Dollars, This was a Ship of 60 Gunsy )K V. n after (i con- ■cdings and j's bc- flset. Chap. XXXV. from theTear 1 6^^, to i-j 12. 791 Guns, termed a 'Tatacbe to the Galleons ; and as Ihc was forced on on (hore by ours, the Vice Admiral, by a Memorial to the king of Tortugaly demanded the Effeds belonging to her ; but the iame being privately fccured in various Hands, he could not have any Redrcls. Seeing (brae other flrangc Ships the iid in the Morning, he came up with them clofc under the Barbary Shore, and one of them, Jpadcn with Salt, ibm«; Wool, and Cochincle for Martinica, was taken, the other elcapcd. The Prize had i6 Guns, but her People a French threw eleven of them overboard, who confirmed the aforcmention'd ^'j'f"<>i">i. Report about Monfieur 'Du Cage's Squadron, with this Addition, that he (ailing from AIarti»ica, lod Company with his Convoys in ten Days time, (b that they doubted not but he was arrived in Frauce, or (bme other Port in Bijcay. The Vice- Admiral arriving k Lisbon the 8th of Marc by received vkt-^idmirai Orders from England to cruife with five Ships of War for the Se- ^''^^^-■'"'''■"i curity of the homeward bound Brajil Fleet, on which Service the [lih'ZuZd Court of 'Portugal defired he might be ready to fail the loth o( ji- frily N. S. as alio that two Frigates might be appointed to lee their outward bound Eajilndia Trade to the Maderas ; and at the fame time he was under Orders from the Lords of the Admiralty to de- tach two Ships to cruife in the Stre'tgbts Mouth, (b that in this cafe he could have no more than three with his Flag, but had hopes the 7)utch Commander in Chief would take care of the India Men. The Convoy with Stores and Frovifions from England arrived the ift of April, zxid fince ihc'Dutcb difappointed him in convoying the Turtuguefe Eaji India Ships, he determined to (end a Fourth Rate Frigate with them to the Weftern Idands, which Ship might join him in th« Station where he defigned to place himlclf for the Brafil Fleet ; and as for guarding the Streights Mouth, he had de- termined to order Captain Maurice to cruife there with a iinall Squadron. The 6th of May the Vice- Admiral arrived in the Road of Fayal, and was then going to cruife with Five Third Rates, together with the 'Pembroke y between ten and twelve Leagues Weft of the Ter- cera Idands, for the aforcmention'd Ships from Brafily having taken y^c, AhnWai a Ship of IX Guns of Monfieur Cajfard^s Squadron, bound ro Ca- B/l-i takes a nada with Wine and Brandy, which Ship left him the loth of Aprily !f^'"{jl'''j:, N. S. without the Streights Mouth , (landing Weftward , but her TiL'Ln. Commander did '^ot certainly know whither he was bound. He (aid there were with him fifteen hundred Soldiers, forty flat bottom- ed Boats ready framed, with fcaling Ladders, and all things proper for a Defcent, and that his Squadron conftfted of one Ship of 16 Guns, one of 60, one of 54, two of 44, one of 41, one of 14, and a Ketch, which agrees with the Account I have already given of him when he came to, and attempted our Leeward IJlands. On the 9th of July Vice- Admiral Baker was informed by fome Prifoners, that the Squadron was firft deigned for the Canaries to take in Wine, or to force fome Provifions at St. Jago, (which, as hath 792 NavalTranfaBionsofthe Englifh, BookV. hath been already faid, he plundered) and that then Monfieur Caf fard was to proceed to Bahia^ lb that pofTibly he might arrive there bsibre the Brafil Fleet ikilcd, unlefs they came away by the end of May; but he had hopes, from Intelligence he had received, ^ that they might have reached that Place by the i8th of that Month, N. S. because they were under fail from Rio de Janeiro the 30th of Afril. The Provifions of the Ships under his Command being reduced to five Weeks, at fhort Allowance, it was almofl time for him to chink of drawing towards ^Portugal ; however, being apprehenfive chat if the Brafil Fleet were failed before the French Squadron ar> rived, they would follow them to the Tercerasy where they were obliged to call, he determined to remain in his Station as long as it was poffiblc, and in order thereunto prevailed with the Tortuguefi to furnilli him with frefh Provifions for three Weeks. OfTof the Iflands of Tercera he continued cruifrng until the nth oi September^ when meeting a Pih o\' May^ and on the 19th of that Mouth Vicc-Admiml Ba- ker )on\c*\ Sir 'John Jctinin^s at Tort Mahoti with grcartfl part of liic SipMdron, S\x John horris himlcif continuing in Vitrccloua Road, at the Dcfiic of the King oi St>ain^ with the &o>//, ai.U fonie other Ships, as hath been before oblcrvcd, where Sir John "fciiu'm^s arrived the ift of June, from whence he proceeded to criiilc off of .?,rii'iin Jen- Tboulou^ and thc Coaft oi'i^rovince, to intercept the Enemy's Con- "",'•' '1'.'"'^ voy with Corn from thc Levant , and lent three Sliips to d'enra to lull'' "" ftrengtlun thc like Niunhcr which were coming from that Place with Money for the Troops in Catalonia, then almoft in a ftarvin^ Con- dition, having no other Credit than what the Duke otylr^^ic pro- cured for them. [!,e .riwirj The Emperor Jo/(-pb being lately dead, thc Admiral received Or- trjfidtocjr- tiers the bci^inning oi June, while ofT of Thoulon, to carry the King sp,lm/?c;r^ °^' ^P^'" ^o Genoa, or where ellc his Majefty fhould defirc, in call 110', V""''" 'ic thought fit to go to his Hereditary Countries, as alio to give A^a- »"«"' "J '''' pies what AfliHancc he could, upon any Commotions which mi^lit F.m;t,or. ijjppc, at this Juudufe of Affairs ; whereupon it was determined at i,om, '././/•J a Council of War to fend two Ships of the Third Rate, one of rhe /i«fiv Naples. Fourth, and another of thc Fifth, with two of the Statcs-Gcncral's Ships, to the afbrelaid Kingdom of Naples^ as alfo to afllft in calc any Attempts Ihould be made on the Garrilons of Orbitello, or 'Piombino, and to add another Frigate to that which was going with Dilpatches to thc King of Spain^ and thc Duke of Argyle. The King was not inclinable to go to Italy until he received an Account that he was declared Emperor, nor was he willing that the Body of the Fleet Ihould be out of Sight of his Capital in Catalonia; and now the Admiral having received farther Orders relating to Sir i/r John Nov- John Norris, it was determined to fend him to Great Brituin with tis ordirci thjgg Ships of thc Third Rate, as many of the Fourth, and two Fifth Rate Frigates, with the empty Storclhips, ViAuallers, andTranfports : And there being a Necertity for Sir John Jennings to proceed with the Ships under his Command to Tort Mahon, not only to refit them, but for a Supply of Provifions, he failed from Barcelona thc 13th of July, and arrived there the i8th. Next Day the Turky Fleet appearing ofTof that Port, he gave Captain Cornwall., Commadorc of that Convoy, Orders to proceed to Majorca, the Place of Rendezvous for the Storefliips, and other Vcffels bound home, from whence he failed in Company of Sir John Norris the 16th of July, and Sir John Jennings himielf proceeded to Barcelona. Thc Ships ordered for Great Britain being thus fe- parated from the Fleet, it may not be improper to inform you how thofe which remained in the Mediterranean were at this time dif- poled of, which was as follows, viz. » Ac home, iVi.lSir John Jen- nings refiain 10 iVUbon. Ihe Turky Irixk jeni h.ime wilh iir John N'jni., .kV. chhts; il Coin id been US u(u- n Kido 'al Ba- 1 parr of i fcelotia i '^ 'oinc * ''inints h '^ orr of 1 ■'sCon- 1 t'//i"rt to /,; '^c with ^' "^ Con- 1 ^'' pro- |: 'cd Or- >= icKing |f 'n cale k Ac Chap.XXXVI yr^wf/^t'Ti'^r i6>8, to 1112. 7^5 At Harcrtona there were with ^\x "John "feuniugi one Scnnd ''"""' R.itc, fivcThiids, one Fourth, and Icvcn 'iJtt/fA, under tlic Coin- "'"'f', 7 , ni.iiiU of Vice- Admiral Tcitiruu. I licre weic cleaning at 'Port vtt, riijfojid Maho;i one homrh and two Fifth Rates ; and two of the Third '^• Rare, with one of the Fifili, were ^nnc to 'I'ort Mahon for Mo- ney, and to protcdl the Genoefc Ships employed in the King of Sl>(Wi\ Service. Two Fourth Hates were ordered to Gvnoa^ and there were expcdbod from Naples tv\ o Ships of the Third, one of the Fonith, and one Fifth of ours \vith three 'Dutch Frigates ; bc- fidcs which there were gone to Lisbon oneThiid Rate, one Fourth, and another of the Fifth. The King o^ Spain embarking the i6th of September, arrived in Vado Bay in ten Days, being attended by the Admiral, and twenty rh King »/ four Ships of War, and failing thence, was loon after landed ar San "^P'l" '•"■"«i<^lilh, ai.d two 'Dutch Ships of War. There being a very great w.int of Cables, and orhcr Stores, the Admiral proceeded to Livorne, in order to procure what could be had there, and the i8th of 0{Jober the Suferbc and Tartar^ the firll commanded by Captain Monepenny^ and the larrcr by Captain two rhh Ogle, brought in two rich Pri/rs coming from the Levant. Pnns laktn. The id of Movemher the Admiral lailed from Livornc, and in two Days arrived in yado Bay, whereby the loth there were cml)arked icvcn hundred and twenty Horfe, and upwards of two hundred and mrfean^rm forty Foot ; but fince the Winter Sealon was fo far advanced, it was ""i""'i<'i a* not thought fafc for the whole Fleet to go to Barcelona^ fo that the )l*t"v -J « Tranfports were put under the Protedtion of five Ships of War, and Barcelona. two Fireihip';, commanded by Captain Swanton, and three of the Ships of the States-General, which were to accompany the Admiral as farWeftward as Cafe Rojesy and then, upon a Signal tolcparate, at which time the Body of the Fleet proceeded towards Von Ma- rht Admiral hon, whither the others were ordered to repair when they had feen t'"^'^' '•> the Tranfports in Safety, that fo the Admiral might make a Detach- °'' '^'■'''""• ment to guard the Coafl of 'Portugal, purfuant to the Orders he had received ; and forac Cruilcrs were fent to the Streights Mouth for Security of our Trade, but more clpecially that of the Levant Com- pany. When he had made the Ifland of Minorca, the Wind came up at a hard cau N. E. and blew extreme hard, infomuch that he was conftraincd to "^ '^""'• come to an Anchor on the Weft (ide of ir, but raoft of the Ships Sails blew away from theVards; however he got into Tort Ma- hon the next Day, and the Captains of the two Ships which he found there inlbrming him that he had heard many Guns fired the Night before, he lent out the Chatham and IVinchelfea to iec what they could difcover, which returning next Day, broui^hc him an Ac- count that the ©a^f^ Vice- Admiral, with his Squadron, (who was driven to Leeward when he anchored) was in the Offing, as aifo Captain Mighils in the Hampton Court , with the Sterling Cajfle, Nottingham, Charles Gaily, and Lynn, which Ships of ours came I i i i i 1 irom •! I I M lit ILii.p- ||||V( tllllt l.i:.i< .ll trill' tluii L'jl. q^6 NavaUr ayifatlmis oj f/j^'Fnglifh, Book V. from tlic Coall oi Oifa/ouia, and had fallen in with two liii;ch Men ot War, called the Thotilofc, and Trident ^ K^i f o Guns, and four hundred Men each. The lUmpton Hourt came up with the fiifl of them, and engaged licr two Hours, to whole Commander by the time the Srvr/i/ti^CuJik was w ichin Musket-lhor, (which was about Ten at Night} llic fluitk ; but by the Advantage of little Winds the Ttidcnt got away with her Oars. The Hampton VoHrt\ Mafls being much wcuiulcd in the Fight, tlicy, by the Violence of theWcauicr, came next Diy all by the board, lo that Ihc was towed into Port by the Sterling' CajUe. About the lame time the Rcjlorat'ton, a Ship of 70 Guns, was loft on the back-fidc of the Mallora, ofT ot Livorne, but all her Ofliccrs and Men laved; nor fared it better with a Sarfia^ that had on board to the Value of about four thouiand Crowns, whiLh flic was bringing from one of the Ports of Corftca. The firft Captain of ihcThoulcfe was Monficur Le Grand Tri^^ and the lecond Captain /?ig4>» *o EngUJhmany who had formcily bore Command in our Fleet. From the former of them the Admi- ral accepted his Parole of Honour for fix Months, but the latter he detained, although Monfieur Le Grand Tr'td affuicd him he was na- turalized in France^ and wss become a Roman Catholick ; but Ibme way or other he found means to cl'capc, and it was believed he got into a Ship of Genoay which lay in the Harbour of Mahon. At length Vice- Admiral Baker^ who had been detained by con- ftika/^r.fff,/, trary Winds, failed with the Ships appointed to be under his Com- rVrfuui''^''^ mand to the Coaft ofPortuga/, of whofe Proceedings, while there, ' '^ I have already given an Account ; and now (^viz. in the Month 17,1. oi "January) the Difpofition of the Ships was as follows, viz. at 'Port Mahon one Second Rate, one Third, one Firelhip, two Bomb* VelTels, two Hofpital Ships, and fix 'Dutch Men of War. Gone to Lisbon, five Third Rates, one Fourth, two Fifths, and a Firclhip. A Third and Fourth Rate were fcnt to Naples, and four 'Dutch Ships were expc(Sled from thence. Two Fourth Rates were on the Coaft of Italy, and one Fifth fcnt to Barcelona, as were alio to that Coaft one Ship of the Third, one of the Fourth, and two 'Dutch, with the Duke oiArgyle. Two Fifth Rates, and one of the Ships of the States- General were gone to Tarragona, and a Third Rate, a Fourth, and a Fifth, fent to convoy a Ship with Naval Stores from Gibraltar. One Fourth Rate was difpatched to Cagliari, and thence to Livorne, and one of the Third, and another of the Fourth, were ordered on a ihort Cruifc. The Admiral receiving Advice, while at 'Port Mahon, that the Enemy were fitting out at Thoulon eight Ships from 70 n 60 Guns, with three of 40 each , and that they were bound to Cadiz, and thence to the IVeJi-Indies, he called a Council of War the iift of February, and it being found that the Ships under his Command could not go to Sea, until they had Supplies of Provifions from Italy, it was determined to fend a Frigate with this Intelligence to Vice- Admiral Baker at Lisbon, that fo ne might ftrengthcn the Con- » voy Vtit'.lAmhAl ih:i' ihi Shift U'f»« ilniilcJ. yidvue of ftme Mps fitting out at Tlio;.Ion. I. .1 , I Chap. XXX Viyiw// thcTciW 165^8, ^<7 1712. 797 voy I'rnin thence with the Storclhips ami Vidttullcts, and thar as loon as tlic Eiigiifh and 'Dutch Shins arrived from Italy, the Ailriii- ral IhoiiM cuiilc between tort Mahun and dapr dciiiitis, nor only to pto'ct'l the laid Convoy, but to intcfcqu the Knciny. The Convoy hcin^ lately arrived at i'ort Mabnn, and the Ad- < .-t/'v imh miral receiving farther ltrcllij;;cnce of the Enemy's Naval Prcpara- ' '"'/"I"' ri in^, not only by my Letter, but Irom Mr. C^y-i:;^ //<■/, R^ndcnt /!','/! «"'„,'•. nt Geitca, aiui Conlial Crow at Livor>ic„ it was rclolvcd ar aCoun- '' 1 ■»"■'•'• wV cil of War, both of the /i/zx////^ and 'Dntc/j, the nth Da> lA March, Vl'w") to proceed to Sea with one Second Rate, three Thirds, two of the it.ir Jeur- Kifu), and two Urclhips of ours, together with nine Ships of the ">'"> "f- States General, and cruilc ten or twelve Leagues S. S W. from Cape i'i,uufun{ Thotthn, until more certain Advice could be gained of the Kncmj's Proceedings ; but Captain IVallpole of the Lyon joining the Fleec from Genoa., and giving an Account that he law from the Mart- head, the lid oi Mutch, nine tall Ships fleering to the Wcftward, with the Wind at E. S. E, the N. W. Point of the Ifland oi Minorca then bearing S. W. by S. about ten Leagues off", it was relolved at a Coun- cil of War, held the next Day, to proceed to the Southward of /;,:,/,„,;,„ .,. Alajorca and Tvica, and endeavour to intercept the Enemy between /'. '/ rr7//i«{ that and Cape Martin, in their I'afTagc down the Streights. v'^jj'^'"^^'* Gaining no farther Intelligence of tnc French Siiuadron, he came to an Anchor the ift ot Ipril off* of the Ifland of Formentern, from whence he lent two oi the cleancft Ships to the Coaft oiVahutia, ships f,nt fir to |.)ok into the Bays oi Taenia, Xabea, and Altea, as aU'oA/icant h^tM^n.ti. Road, and If they Ihould not bring him any Advice, it was deter- mined to fail between the Iflands to Barcehna, where probably he might have Ibmc Account of them. Arriving there, and meeting witii no farther News of them, it was rclolvcd to detach a clean Fri- gate to look into Thoulon, and to proceed off" of the Ides of Uyeres, to fee whit they were doing, and particularly whether the Squadron bound to Cadiz, was flill in that Harbour, \n hich done, ffie was to join the Fleet in a Station S. S. E. ten Leagues from Cape Thoulon ; and if no farther Intelligence could thus be gained, it was thought advdeable to repair to 'Port Mahon to rcvidual, and then to pro- ceed to the Coaft oi Italy, as the Emprels had dcfircd, in order to the conducing the Traulports with Troops from thence to Catatonia. The Admiral being not able to procure any farther Account of the ^'> John Jen- Enemy, arrived in Vado Bay the ift oi May, and finding Ouiers for H'v'liofllJ! embarking the Troops, he lent the Tranfport Ships into the Mole, a-.ui timet and proceeded with the Englijh and 'Dutch Ships to Livorne iot p>octtds uU- Proviftons, where he came the 7th of May, from whence he lent ^""'^' out clean Ships to cruile, and was preparing to return to Genoa with the reft, to concert Mealurcs for the Embarcation, and, if pofllbic, to prevent making two Voyages on that Service. But here it may not be improper to take notice that the IVinchelfea joining him the i8rh of April, her Captain gave an Account that while he was ar Gibraltar, he law a Squadron of French Ships pafs through the Aivkt of Streighti, whereupon he lent a Frigate to look into Thoulon, whofe French shift Commander, Csn^uia Haddock, law but four Ships in ihe Bajiu which ^,Z{J}'"1, were sttcights. ,' .", 1 I fr'^ 75*8 NavalTranfa6fionsoftheEng\\(h, BookV. were rigged; nor did they intend, by all the Advices which could be gained, to fit ont more than fix Ships from 80 to yo Guns, w hich were to be fent, two and two, to Smyrna and Scanderoon. The 13d o{ May Sir John "J innings failed from Vado with fix .■Jir John Jen- Engltfl) Ships, and looked in at Thoulon, where he law but one Ship Dins? look! in Qf Sff^j of JO Guns ready for the Sea, with one or two of gnatcr «Thoulon p^^^^ .^ ^j^^ BafiH, for at this time the French were in gnat want of Naval Stores. From thence he proceeded and joined the 'Dutch Vice- Admiral, with the Traniporrs that had on hoard them abo.it fix thoufand five hundred Men, which were put on Ihore in two Days rime ; and his Imperial Majefty and Count Staremburgh, "fg'ng, at a Contci'^nce, the Ncceflity of bringing the Cavalry from Italy, it RefoixtA to was refolved to return to Vado\, but ilnce the Enemy were tranf- frocttd toW \- porting Provifions and Ammunition from Carthagena to 'Penifcolay Thl clZin ^^ ^'^^ thought nccefiary to lend thrc^ Englijh Ships, and two of the from thence, ^u.'ch^ to cruifc upou thc Couft ot Vakntia^ and after they had ib done tor lomc time, to lie cither within, or without x\\zStre'tghts, to annoy thc Enemy and protedt our Trade, which Sliips were put under the Command of Captain Morrice of the Canterbw"^ The Admiral failing from ^'^ado with the Tranlports the 17th of 'July, arrived ix. Barcelona tnc 7th oi Auguji^ and about the 7th of Septembei- he received the Queen's Orders for aSufpcnfion of Arms by Sea and Land, and a Letter from the Lord Vifcount Bolingbfoke, then at Tarisy fignifying to him Her Majcfly's Commands that he fhould not moleft a great French Corn Fleet bound from the Levant to the Coaft of Trovence, which he had for almoft ten Weeks been looking out for, aud, in order io the inter..?pring them, had fo di- vided the Fleet on particular, and proper Stations, that it was next to an Impofllbility they could have efcaped. Continuing at Barcelona, in order to his tranfporting the Era- prels from thence, her Majefty (who had remained fbme time m that The rmprif' Capital after the Departure of the Emperor) embarked with her Reti- ^arr:idiov,^ Huc, and bclug landed at Genoa, took her Journey towards thelm- noAy..»«B.,:- pejj^i Court the 26th oi March. Catalonia being now in a great mcafure evacuated, and there be- ing now thirty thoufand Men in the Service of the Allies, who were encamped at OJialric and Blanes, thc Places the Duke of Topoli agreed they fliould pofTcfs till liich time as they could be embarked for Naples, the Admiral took fiich extr^iordinary care and pams in that Affair, that he loon lent twelve thoufand of them away with a proper Convoy, and in few Days after failed himfclf, with the Tranfports that had the remainder of them on board, in the Per- formance of which Service, and others of like Nature, he laved Her Majefty a very confidcrabic Sum of Money on the Head of Vic- tualling. Tht People of ^^^ Pcoplc of Barcelona foon after declared War, by bear of BiictM na de Drum, againft King 'Vhil//>, in the Emperor's Name, but what they dart '.ara- afterward-^ fufflrcd, by a long and infupportable Siege, and how they f'hilfp.''"'^ were wliollv ncglcded at Lift by thofc who had the moft reafbn to exert thcmlcives in their bchalfj hath been more amply explain'd by others The Tranf- ports conduc- ed to Barce- lona. Sufpenfion of Arms. fc / Chap. XXXV L from theTear 1 6 ^S, to 1712. 79^ others than I am able to let forth here, and muft be very frefli in every Man's Memory. It iliall therefore fuffice to fay, that never did brave People endeavour more (from the Countenance they hoped to receive) to preferve their ancient known Rights and Liberties ; nor hardly did ever a Number of Men, inclofed within the Walls of Bircelona a City, lulfer more in its Pcfcncc, or when th.y were, at the lona ''f''"'''"''^ n. ■ 1 r % ■ -1 ■ ■ ^ »tV ^ r he I'eol/le bar- tun, conltramed to iubrait, meet with more innuraan Treatment. Lirsuji-jntat- But let us leave this melancholy Subjcdt, and return to the Pro f' cecdings of our Admiral in thofe Seas, who having a Minifter fcuc to him from the Duke of Savoy, to adjuft Matters about his embark- ing, with his Duchels, for his Kingdom of Sicily, which was par- celled out to him upon the Peace, he accommodated thofe Matters lb well, that he lailcd with their Sicilian Majelties from Villa Franca, sir John jen- and landed them at Talermo the 30th oi September, where they were "■' r'^^"'"^"" received with very great Acclamations of Joy; fo that having little Makflia to or nothing more to do with the Fleet under his Command, and be- I'liL-imo. ing left at liberty either to return home by Sea or Land, as it might (bit bed with his Convenience, he made choice of the latter, and arriving at 'Paris the i6th of November, came to England in few Days after. Thus ended this fecond long and tedious War ; and as I have at the clofe of the firft fummed up the Number of Ships which were cither taken from us by the French, or loft, by their being forced on Ihorc, or otherwife, as alio what Lofles they, in like manner, luftaincd in their Naval Force ; fo have I hereafter inferred the like Coraparifon, including therein fuch as have been retaken on either fide, and thofe twenty great Ships the French precipitately funk at the Siege of Thoulon, when Sir Cloudejly Shovell atne off of tiiac Port with the Fleet of Great Britain, which were never after fit for Service, as hath been before obfcrved. Guns. 80 70 60 50 48 40 36 32- 30 28 xz Englijh. Taken, or loft. Number. _, X _ — 4 - — z - — 8 - — \ - _ X _ — I - — 4 - — I - ■— I - — II - — I - Total of Guns. 160 i8o no 400 ;•> 80 36 ii8 30 x% 264 XX m m 38 iS<)6 French. 8oo Naval Tranfa3ions of, &c. BookV. French. Taken, orlo ft. Total of uns. Number. Guos. 00 4 — 400 90 8 — — 710 86 8 — ~ 688 74 — — . I — - 74 70 3 — — IIO 64 I — - 64 56 1 — - 56 54 4 - 216 fo X — — 100 48 I — - 48 40 — - I — — - 40 36 X - 71 34 I — - 3.; 31 I — — ^1 ^0 2. - 60 18 I - 18 14 8 — — 191 10 3 — 5* - 60 3094 1^96 The Lofs of the Prenck exceeded ours 1498 FINIS. AN A N INDEX O R TABLE of the Names of Per(bns and Places, and of the prin- cipal Matters contained in the foregoing Hiftory. ABantus, Licinius'/ Admirri agtinjl Con- ftantine Page* Si Abdclmelich, « Caliph or Empiror of /^? Saracens 190 Abderames, a Saracen Central jS5 /Ilfo a Saracen Kmj^ m Spain 311 Aberdeen, a City in Scotland 747 Aburman, (J Saracen /fi/wrrt/ 311 Abydus, a Totuit and Port on tht hilmf'de of the Hellefpont <54, 87. vide jSf Acarnania (Defpotato) a Province of Epire 71. 187 7 14^,162 AchiBans, a FeepU o/Peloponnefus Achaia, the Country fo called Achanis (Eziongebcr) a Port in the Red Sea 9, 10 Achillas, «» ^Egyptian (tbeJMurdtrer oj Pompey) Achradina, an IJland, part of the City Syracufe 134 Acilius Glabrio, « Roman C*«w 14^ Aeon & Acre, (Ptolemais.) City and Part in Phoenicia 197, ziy, ^39, J4J, 313. 330 Acrothon, a Town near Mount Athos 75- A^ium (Cape Figalo) wwr Lepanto J3 — — where the CorcyrsEans beat the Corinthians 66 alfo Oftavius Marc Anthony 17^ —and the Venetians //;>? Turks 228 to 233 ASon (Edward) Captain of the CIrgfloa 718 Acunha (Peter) a Spaniih Admiral .278 Adaulphus, a Gothic Comntmdtr 184 Adda, vide Adige Addingus, a Leader of the Normaos 1 33 Aden, a Town and Port at the Entrance of the Red Sea 2f8, 2J9 Adherbal, a Carthaginian /1(/«2«m/ 12 — '^the Ojf:ce fupprefi'd by Richlieu 3 1 9 Adorni, a»3 ^miliu!!, So» &/ Caflander 112 Alexander the feventh Pope 237 Alexandria in ^gypt huilt, &c. 103, 160, 161 Alexandria, HIeron'; Jam'd Ship ft named 137 Alexius Angelus, and \Gretk Emperors 0/ Con- Alexius Comnenus, _< (lantinoplc 213.312 Alfaques, a Bay on theCoaJl 0/ Catalonia foj-.jio Alfred, King of Britain 316, 317 Algarve, a part formerly of Spain, noiu oj Por- tugal ^83 Algerines, vide Pirates. Algezira, a Town and Port in the Bay t/Gibral- Algier, a Port Town in Barbary 234, 309 bombarded by the I'rcnch, &c. 321, 322, 397, 4oi.49i.>""o."y24;763,794 Algueri rtWAIgeri, vide L.irghcs 240,271 Alicant, a City and Port 'J own m Spain yio to , r ■ y'8 befieged and taken by the Arch-Duke 694, 695-, vide 730.73 '7fO,7y5', 7^7-75-8,797 Alidas, a Gothic Adimral i8y Allcinonde, a Dutch Admiral 437 to 440, aa< 46y, f27, f4o, hS, fS3, j88, 621, "65-1, 6ji, 6^3, 67 J-, 68 f Allen ('Ar Thomas) anY.n^\\^Vicc Admiral y)^ fent again/1 /A^ Algerines, &c. .;r-f /» Hiipitiiola 579 Altea Bay in the Mtditcrranenn on the Conjl of Spain Vc6, 65-1, 6^5, 675-, 686,692, 694,695-, 696, 797 Alva (Duke) Governor of 'p\:[nAex% 28f Alvaredo, «/ 0/ ) 0/ Macedon 75- Amphoterus, one 0/ Alexandtr'j Admirals 103 Amurath the Second, aTurkilh Emperor 223 Amurath the Fourth, / Sparia 70 Aiicaiytcs, IK'opL- in lirUnhi 15-6 Alicona, a Port i» lljly 187, 192 Andalulia, a Province (//Spaftl yiy Aiidri (Aiidros) an Ijlauj ^ 0/' Syria 142 Antipachlu and Pachfu, IJlands lying between Corfu and Ccphalenia 229 Antipater, «»(■ 0/ Alexander'; Captains lof Antipatris, a City inVa.\x\\\n^ wf^r Joppa 239 Aiitillhenes, a Sea Captain of Hemeu'wis icS Antivari, <» C//y /« Albania, owJifef Adriatic 222, 224 Antonius, Father of Marc Antony 149, 15-0, 15-8,1^9 Antonius (Marcus) his Aits, &c. 13, 160, 164 to '73,233 Antonius Colonna, Admiral of the Pope's Gaf- lies 228 Antwerp in F'landets, its famous Siege 285' to 290 Apocapfes, vide Apolofarus Apolliciarius, o«3'iw64 Arclatp, /At' C;A' Aries /■« Prance lyy Arrives, a 7'co/./i; ,// PcioponneCus 7 Ar^otlJUtes, ll'ar Expedition to Co\Ms 6,42 Ar^;yle (Duke) a/ I'urcclona 77fi794)79'5 Arnynuuv, ///.(//.Awy/' Cape M ilea 89 the tight there 96 Ariainiies, the Vet tint) Admiral, j. in ff Ariarathis, '/ SeaCommanders 187 Artaphernes, Darius'/ Nephew 49 Artaxerxes, A'/»j 0/ Perlia 60,61 Darius'; SucceJJor, &C. 93, 9f Artemilia, her Advice f4 her l^alour j5 Artemifium, a City ; its Situation, &c. yi Arzille, a Town on the Coajl o/'Barbary 25*4 Afafia, a Town on the Coafi of Barbary 260 Afclepiodatus, Con{\ahune's Li.'utenant 179 Afcough ^'/> George) an Englifh Admiral 381, 397 Afdrubal, /A^ Carthaginian G^w^ra/ iif,i26,i32, '33 his U'ife^s Courage 144, 14^ AOibjr ".T' I I' .Will I i.i A I N D F X. AOiby (Sir John) ti>t Enfjiifli Admiral 44^. 467, 4^2.476 Afli ^tbi IjU of) near Port Louis in Hiipamola f 79i f So, f 93, 701 Afoph, rt C//vp» ^/'f i'lilus Mxoris ' 307 Alplia (Pericles'/ il///?rf/"r/ herChara^er 6f Alprciias, vide Calpurnius Atpropili, a 'Tovjn in the Culph (/ Lt'pallto 229 Alijriaus, their Naval Armiimcnts S Adcrtto (Biiigio) a Milaiicfe Admiral fur Ge- noa 148 Afcidiis, a City In the ///^W Cephalenia 70 AttiaiiaRiki, oa John) Admiral of Spain 228 Aullria, vide Archduke Auvergne {Prince) at the Siege o/'OHend 739 Auverqucrque (Monfieur) Central of the Dutch at Olhnd 738,739 Auxerre and Biyonne, theBiJhopt thereof^ Admi- 330 rali -and Santiuiis -aid the Corcyrxans -^ealonjies uf their Power -their Allies, &c. -their abfolute Dominion -i,;vaJe Sicily -Lilt are wfferably dcflro\ed -are beaten b\ the Pelopounefians their City taken, &c. ' rebuilt aid the Thebans, &c. and beat the Lacedx- tnonians 95 fiibmit /o Philip 97 rebel azainjl Alexander 105 their City iaL» by Antipater 106 rejlored to Liberty 107 -fubjeiied by Demetrius 112 Athos (Cape di Monte Santo) a highPromonro ry in Macedon 49, 50, 75 Atlantic Ocean, difcevered by the Phoenicians 4, 148 Atrius (Quintus) a Sea Commander under Cxl'ar i}"4 Attains, owco/Philipo/Macedon'/Ca/iM/m 103 Attalus, a Roman Citizen, made Emperor by the Goths 184 Attamia theCondede) Fice- Roy of Sirdlma 519 Attica, the Country about Athens, fo called 59, 72., 73 Attila, a King of the Huns 16, 315- Attilius Varus, Pompey'j Lientcnaut in Atrica in Attilianus, a Roman General 188 Avarians united with the Huns (hence Hungari- ans) 198 Auguile, a French Ship taken 651 Augulius, Heir /o Julius Clfar , his fiationary Fleets, &c. 164 hii Vtflories, &C. I 72 Aulis, in Boeotia, the Greeks Expedition thence againfl Troy, &c. 43, 1 12, 223 Aureliaii, the Roman Emperor 177 Auftrache, vide Amiftrache Aylmer (an'En[-^\n\ Admiral) 441,446,511,512, n .T- • c ^3';.JfH.58i,764 Ayamonte, a Port Town in Spain 623 Aiamor, rt 7aw« /'wiJarbary 160 Azores or! ercera (Ijlands in tie AUamic Ocean) 17 P"J]''F<^ h •'*'■ P'Ttuguefe, &c. 264, 278, 3^6, 590, 749 t3 Babclmandel, a Town near the Streiglits of the Red Sea 229 Babylon, Alexander't I'm//' ^/fciTir 104 Bachian 4»^MachiaH, two of the Mq\\xzc^ Iftandt (>S 260 71 Badur, 796 Baker, an Englifli Conful at Algier 510 Balaguer, a Towh on the River Segre in Spain 762 Baldus and Bartholus cited 26 Baldwin, King o/Jerulaiem 212 Baleares, the Ijlands MajoTca, Minorca, andYvi- ?a , , , „ Mf, 185, 191 redttced by the Fi(am, &c. 17, 132,75a Balance of Power neceJJ'ary 19 Baly, an Ijland near Java 290 Baltic Trade 381 Baltic Seay Property therein, &c. 8, 9, 183, 302, 303, &c. Sir John Norris there 726, 727 Banda and Amboyna, two of the Moluccas 258, 260 Bankert, a Dutch Admiral 40a Bantam, the King thereof 298 liarault, l^ice-Adntiral of Gaienne 317 Barbadoes 452, 459, 460 — —^ir Francis Wheler there 447 -Admiral Nt v il there 55a, 559, 600 Sir William Whetftone there 697, 700 Archibald Hannlton 782,783,784 Barbarigt) (Augulline) aV entthn Captain at he- panto 228.230/0233,336 BarbarofTa (Frederick) theLmpiror 213 Bartjaruffa, a noted Pirate, &c, 250, 277, 308 Barcelona, t 1 I N I) V X. Barcelona, tin- C.i/>//i»/ o^ Catalona I'nSpsiin 147, fOf /'; V^'AJi ^,fi5-,ri8,5'io,fii,rt7o,rt7f rtJiiced by the \'\\f,\\\]\ 6\i6, 6Hy bejitgtd ky the I'iciich, and relieved f)H(j to ^ . , ^93. 73' —— the King and Qiiecn 0/ Spain there 749, 7^0 /• 7f6, 7f8, 7f <;, 76i, 764, 795' Barrault (Monfieur) a Vrench Adt-'iral 317 BaruV, two 1/landi in the Well ludits 70^,712 Barmh, /Bifcay 35-0 Bay of Bulls 493, 5-49, 61 1 Bays 0/ Camaret o«/ Art), &c. 520,35-0 BiCerta (Utica) a City near Carthage, huilt 4 vide 249, 27-7 BifiKnano, a Town in Italy 194 li-fljops (Admirali) 283,320,330 Bithynia, <»Prow»ff 0/ Alia Minor 146,147,149 Bivona, rt 7«m» «'» Italy 194 Bizaltia, aTerritory, »Mr Peloponnefus 75- Black Sraices, in the River 'V\\amt% jj8 Blackwell (Sir Lambert) Conful at Leghorn 482, vide 644 Blake, an Englilh Admiral 294,380, 382,395- his great Charaller 395 Blanes, a Town and Port in the Mediterranean vide f 20, 798 Blanquet, « French CowwdW^r 316 Blavet, i. ej Port St.Lovis in Bretagne 318 Bleking, a Province in Sweden 303 Blewfields Boy d/ Jamaica 703,714 Boabdelin, a Saracen King 0/ Granada 192 Bocachiga Caftle in Ai ?rica 55-5-, 5-5-7 near the Harbour of Carthagena 577, 700 vide 713 Boca Grande Caflle ibid. 5-5-7 C Simon) Z)ojff o/Genoa 24^ Boccanigra ■< Giles) a Genoefe Admiral 246, 269 CAmbrofe) a (l7i^\\\ix\ Admiral 270 Bocchoris and Pfammis, Kings of jEgypt 7 Bodoaro (Urfus) Z>o^f »/ Venice 198 Bodotria, the Firth 0/ Forth 325- Bceotia, the Country about Thebes 70, 71,75' BcEOtians, the Burthen uf their Ships /'» Homer 43 Boetis (or Bxtis) «/f; an'E.a^XxVbAdmiraly his Ex- pedition to RochtWe, &c. 3ig Budoa, a Town and Port in Albania 224 Budorus, a Fort on Cape Salamis 71 Buenos Ayres, a Port in the River Plata >m Ame- rica 666 Bugia, «• 7ow» f« Afric 40a Bulgaria, a Country «n the Euxine 176 B\ioy of the Note 5'4i,639 Burichus and Neon, Sea Captains t$ Demetrius 109 Burroughs f.J/>John)yZ(»»»23f Capes, 4 Town in Afric 1 96 Capeland Bay in Newfoundland ^^y Anne /* New England 779 Antifer 687 Aflium, vide Figalo 66 Alia Vela, vide A St. Anthony, the IVeJl End o/Cuba 590 St. Angelo 764 Bartleur 464,467,789 Baccalao f6o Bona (vide Hermea) 125-, 5-16 Bona Efperan'Aa, vide Goodhope infra Breton in America 779 Cabretta 683 Calvi 771 Calycadnus, vide Supra Cantin in Barbary 260, 34): IS .^ Cclidonia Cheimerium Clear Comorin Cornwall Corfica Corfo Dauzo De Gates De la Hague Dclle Melle Di Iftria Di Monte Di Monte Santo 6z 68 44«,439.4<5i,f49,7if> ij-6 717 fi6 774 W, 730.7. Mary Matapan Miyze f 93, 711 Metafuz vide 277 Micale 5-6 Mifenium 13 ^/.Nicholas 707,710 Ortegal 613,614 Pachinnus, or Paflaro in Sicily 202,5-16 Palmas in India 225- Palos 675-, 730, 757 Pine in Newfoundland 6of Prior 612,613 Capef 140 471, 473. f 17 37. f44, 5-49. 787 J'37 f 36, 5-60, 600, 620 698/9 700, 71 y 104,154,290 126,127 467, 468 230 678 89 fo6, 797 f04, 666, 690, 790 173, 224 ll!|i :; 1 I r ;■ ri. 1 N 1) f. X. S ^ 631,634 '3 709 157,189 S6 { Race, &c. Roi'ts Rnteiit Koxi) Suhimis, viJe S Scyllxuin (Schilli, auJSd^Wo) Sinxutn S|'artel5'04,j05',yi7 5'44,6ji, 666, 690,7^3, Tcmpedtuius^ 15'4 I'i)oul(.ii f'9)797 TrafalKar J26 Tres liircis Jof Tubaron ff6 Verde 17, 701 Verde IjlanJs 173 >iV. ViticciK i^.M, 4S3, 4S4, 492, yc4, 5'44, f66, f 67, y99, 61 f, 666, 67y, 699, 690, 731 Caphil, or Ca(t a ( I'lieuducia) >» Liidc fartary 1 7, 206, 246 Capitanatc, a Province 0/ Naples 222 Cappadocia 1 46, 1 47, 1 49, i j i (Japral (Peter Alvarez) :ncihn Admiral x-jo Capua vide 16 <.>araco7.'ia, u'Ya\\i.\\\\Cijmma»der at Ltpanto 2?.9 (.laramaiiia 223 Caraiiteiius (Nlcephorus) the Emperor of Con- (lantinople'j /Uiynriil 192 Caraus Hoziiis a rurKifh Pirate 230 Carauliub (<« Britain, ice.) aj'pires to the Empire 177 178,179 Carboniere, a Port in America j6o, 5'6i,633 Carcerius (Rabaiius) Geiirne) a>id others mtackQi&Yi 360 Caria and Cariaii';, their Sea Dominion 7 fubjeiied i-y Minos, &c. 6, vide yoand 1S9 Caribbec Ijland^ Jiijl dijcoicred 274, vide 4^2 Carina, Ca:(hr'x Admiral 164 (^arinus, a Roman Emperor ly-j Carifta, aTown a>;d Port in Negropont 216, 22f Carlifle Bay at Barbadoes 45-3, 456,4^7, 460, 476, 702 Carlowiiz, the Peace there Carmania, a Country Jo called Carmarthen (Mar^fuis) aSeaCommander Carpalia, a Town /» Cyprus Carpentier, difcofcrs New Holland Carrofo (Francis) A.'miral of Artn^on Carroll) (Bcringe r) his Son Garter, anEn^Uih Rear- Admit al vide 461 to 470 and 5^72 Carthage in Afric (Byrfa) founded, &c. 113, 119 invade ^kWy J7, Jo fend AmkiJJl-rdors /o Alexander loi, vide 103 thi-ir If an with the Romans 1 3, 1 19, 140 deftroyed 145' repaired by theV&wAtAi 184 Carthagena, New Canhage /» Spain 132, 139, joy, p6, J 20, ei% 694, 729, 770, 798 238 223 444 107 299 268 ibid. Carthagena «'« America, vide ^^3 to fr8,6<;7,698, ^ . . . . . , 70* '» 707,711,713. 714 CarthaKinians, thtir Sea Dominion, &c. 11 vide Carthage Cafal, (I Tuwn in Italy vide f 19, rio Calcais, a Port at the Entrance of ibt River Lis- bon ^J«,6r2 Calimir, Kinf^ of Poland 29^ Calpian AV,i Vide 1^1,307 Calliindriu, a City fo called 1 1 2 Callander, ^wi-ni Alexander'/ .ywircy/or/ lort Calfard {Alou/ieur) a l-'rcnch Sea Commander in Am;rica 783,784,791,792 CalllK rides (Britifli///> 272 Caftle Novo, a Town in Dalmatia 237 Catana, u City in Sicily ny Catalonia , a Province in Spain. Declares for King Charles the Third, vide Barcelona and f09, 676, 770, 774, 793/0 798 Cato, a Roman oj Pompcy'j Party \ ^j Cavala (l-eo) Ad-niral of the Greek Emperor 214 Cavaica (John) a Pifan Admiral j^ Cave, an Engiilh Sea Captain g^p Caudebcc, a Town in Normandy 334 Cavendilh (Captain Thomas) an EngliOi Dijco- vcrer, &c. 3^9 Cauloni.i vide 8t Ceilon (Taprobana) an Ifland in the Eaft-lndies 2^6, 25^9 Celfi (Lawrence) Doge 0/ Venice 217 Cenchrea, a Port near Corinth Sj" Cenforinus, a Roman Cf»rr»(^ Cannetas, Generals of the Bativ'\ 176 Civita di Chieti in Italy 194 Civita, vide Citta nuova fupra Civita Vecchia (Centumcellx) a City and Port in Italy 191,221 Claremont (Monfieur) Admiral of the RocheWers 316 Clark (Robert) Captain of r/;/ Adventure, till- ed, &c. yto Clark ( ) Captain 0/ t/fee Burlington 783 Claudius the Emperor, his Fleet in Britain 14 Clayton, an Englifh Co/ow/ at Quebec 781 Clazomense, <» City of Fonia in Alia Minor Sy Cleaveland (William) an Englift Sea Captain, and Commijftoner of the Navy 601 Ckav^land (Mr.) Captain of the Suffolk 767 Cleippides, an Athenian Sea Commander fx Clement the Fifth (I'o;.'} i-^o Clements (George) Captain of the llamptoii- Cciurt 718 Cleodamus, vii!e Athenxus Cleoirhroius, King o^ Sparta ('leoiiienis /(/»? 0/' Sparta Cleon, // lifi Chipea (Cajlle Gallipa) a Tuwi and Firt in A- fric 125-, 140 Clyd Ftyth , the Gulpb of Glotta in Scotland 324 Cneius Pompeius, Pompey*; yonngrjl Son if-\ Cnemus, a Corinthian Admiral 71 Cnidus, a City and Port oj Caria between Rhodes and Cyprus 94 Cocalus, a King of Sicily 4i Cochin, a Kingdom in the Eaft Indies 2f5', 26v Cock (Mr.J .in Englifh Sea Captain 717 Cockburn {]o\\n) an Y.\\^\^\SeaCaptain at Que- bec 780 Cddringio.i, an Englifh General in r/jc Weft- In- dies 4J-2, 4f3, &c. yy 2, f 7f, ^99, 603, 604 Coetlogon {or Cotlogou) a French Admiral , , , j87,f9',J-9i,f93'643 Cohe, an IJland near Margarita m Aintrica 359 Colasus the Samian vide 6 Colchis (Mengrelia) vide Argonauts 4i Coligny (Galpar) Admiral of b'nnce 316 Colonna ( Marc Antony) the Pope's Admiral 228 Colophon, a Port or Haven wMrToron 7^ Columbus (Chriftopher) a Genoele, his Difeo- veriei, &C vide 18,273, 274, 336 Coluri, vide Salamis Com.icchio, <»C//)'/'»//j^ Adriatic 199 Comana, a CJ9. 100 Corinth, a General Affembly of Greece tbtr» 70, 96 dtjlroyed t^f Corinthians, (heir Sea Domiuion 8 ^'-~~— their Navijiatiou, ficc. lo ———laveHton of Iar2i: Gitlliei 44 —— AF'ar with thi Corcyrxans, &c. 66, 71,73 Cork, a City and Port in Ireland, vide43i, 461, ,, . .. , 7«7. 739 Cornaro, /iVtiietiau General 137 Corneille (Count) vide 739 Cornelius,<»Roman/^i/<«/rii/i2o,vidcGallus,&c. Cornificius, a Sea Captain uj Cajfar'/ Party 162, 163, (67, 168 Cornwall (Captait) an Englifh Sea Commander Coron and Modon , two Towns in the Murea 114, azf, 149, 308 Coifica, an IJland in the Hands oj the Genoefe, &r. 17, videi29 !<>7,i39, 75'i Cortcz (Ferdinando) his Conine/It o/Mexico, &c. 27f Cortologi, /iTurkifh P/rfl/r »/ Barbary 249 Cotvariani (Rityniond) d Milanefe /fr/4/(» tf ibi Shrewsbury J49, 679 of the Warfpight 697 Crowe I Air.) Cohj'mI at Barcelona 770 and at Leghorn 707 Cuba (Hil'paniula) an Ijland near Capt rioridt i» America i7f, ffS '• n7,7n Cue, a Harbiur or Creek in Hifpaniola 593,603 Cul de Sac Royal in Martinica 477 >jletii, a Port uj Calecute 260 Ci.mse, vide.£naria, and 167,169 Cunha (Nunho, and S\mon) Portugoere /fDft- I N I) F. X. ill *«=• 4i. 'e, &c. "4 70,71 146 374 '30,212 of Pelo- J831717 ide 191 679 697 770 ff7,7ii r93. 603 a6o >«7, 168 fc /f^»»/. a6i vide 710 213 200, 241 ibid. 262 fhracitn 7,6» '47, "4 II IfZ 12 D Pjbul, 4 C//')' <«'/ Port in tbt Kinf^iom of De- can if'\ DaJalui, /f/f Imptovemtmt of NtniigMium 42 l^'airc (Chivaliit) u French Siii ComMauJtr jHH D'lis, <•• ///'"»./ "« ihf C'la/l of France ^M, {Himatia «mW Dalmaiiant, vide v)i, I'A 212, 218, 2^2, lu Damaf^oras, ikf Rhodiun Admiral 146 U'limbour, a Fort ntar St. Malo'i J28 Diipiaia (Pelufium) a City m il'.gypt i74< viilc i^3. 3'3 Dinattf, broMtht tbt firH Ship into firecie 3 PandQio, « Venetinn liovfrmr nM^vp«u« ii6 Dandolo (Reiner nirti Marc) ru/aVruciian //y on the Riwr F.mbcs 302, 303 Danubiui (Iftcr) vide 174, 175, 176, 181 Datdagnui, a I'urkilh Commandtr at Lcpanto 130 Dardanellei, Caftles at the Mouth of the Hellef- pont 23$-, 236,311 Durdania (Troy) d Town o» the Atimjuie of the Heiiefpont 87 Oardaniani, redneed by Philip o/Macedon 97 Parien, Sir Francis Drake there 344 the Scotch Settlement thrtt J77 Darioi, King «/Pcr(ia, hit Anger againjl the A- thenians 48 ■'-.~~his Death • jo Darint the Sttond 88 Dariut Nothut 92 D'arteloire, a French S*a Captain <^^, 666 David, King e/Ifrael, his Richei, FL-ftj, ^c. 8, 9. 'o Decelea, a Town in Attica 80 Pe la Rue, a French Captain taken 6^6 Delaval {Sir Ralph) an Engtifh Admiral, vide 44^,411,461,463,470,471,474 Deeloi, am IJiand in the Mediterranean, taken by Mithridates 146 Delphos, its Oracles, &c. to the Athenians 5-1 , Spartans 93> vide 94, 96 Delta, the lower part o/iEgypt I61 Demaratus, a Spartan King 5-1 Demetrius, 5w» 0/ Antigonus vide 107 Demetrius o/Fharia 'S'"*, '3' Democares, a Sea Captain of Sext. PompeiusV 167,168 Demofthenes, <»« Athenian Admiral 74,8i,8j- Dengynefs, on the Caafl of England 463, foo Detiia, a Town and Port in Valentia near Aitea 691,731, vide 7ff, 797 Denmark, vide Danes, and Prmta Geargc Deptie (Mat (f nil) the Emperor's Mmijier at Rome ^ 7f4, 7f6 Dcrcyllidai, the Spartan, affifti Cyrm Junior 9J Dcshorow, an Englifti Sea Captain f6i,f6i I)(' Kelingue (Monjienr) a i'rench Sea Comman- dsr 610 Di'I'eada, an Ifland near Guadalupe 460 Defpotaid, vide Acliarnania U'rllrei (Count a I'ttnch Admiral 521, 4CI, fSi), 6 1 J D'llibervilje, 4 French Sea Commander -oi Ihii. (Ji)lin) a Spanilh Diftoxenr I'f Didacut, a Town in the Hellcfpuut 16 Dido, (Ineen 0/ Carlhigc 113 Dieda (Anthony) a Venetian Sea Captain 221 Dieppe in France Lombarded by the Englilh fou, fOI Dilkes /'.V/r Thomas) an^y\^\\n\ Sea Captain and Admiral ff y, 661 ,666, 667, 669, 676, 679 to 686, 733 >» (Ar Mediterranean T34i73f hi I Death 736 Diinaluin, d 7«ww iw lllyricum iji Diiiham (John) an expert Sea Commnnder 334, 33J' Dioclcfian //jf £»»^«-or t77»3*f Diomedon, an Athenian Admiral 89 Dionyfius the Sicilian Tyrant 9 -, 1 1 f Difney ( ) an Englifh Colonel at Quebec 781 Diu, aHf/land,Scc. intheRivcr]iT^nvglafs, /f, his rcfolute Ad 400,401 Downs, a Stution of the Englifli Fleet ^59 to 5-41 Downing (Sir George) Artibajj'ador in Holland 297 Dragut-Rays, a Pirate ar.dTatkifh Sea Contman- dor at Lepanto, &c. 230, 277, 309 Drake (A/r Francis) his Sea Difioveries,Sic. 344, 345-, 34<5 Drake ( ) Captain of the SwaUow 783 Drepanum (Frepano del \a\\e) aPort ondTtrwn in Sicily, vide Eryx 126 Drino, a G«///» Albania 131 Drommics (/im:KvriJ a fort of G allies isy "Dtxxiwi, the Kovnan General 174 Du Bart, a French Admiral 444, j'4i, f fo Dubourguay, «« Englilh Co/o«^/ a/ Lisbon 760 DuCafs, a French SeaCommander yjS, jS6, f9'?, J97, 700, 703, 7C4, 709, 71 2, 71 3, 714, 787, 788, 790 Dudley (Colonel) Got'crKcr of New England 598 Dutfus (Kenneth, LoidJ Cummander of the Ad- vice 7S7 Duilius, a Roman General j2i had the firjl Naval Triumph 122 Dulcigno, a Town and Port in Albania 224 Dunbar (Captain) his daring Aition yoo, yoi Dunkirk vide 36, 444 Bombardment dcf J rd 5Cl,502, 5'03 and attempted 5-29, J30, vide ^39 to i;^i,6\^ to 640, 738, 74c, 742, 786 delher''d up to the Englidi 789, 790 Du Quefne, and Gennes, two French Alonfieurs 321, vide 440, 690 Duraizo (Dyrrachium aw.-/ Epidaninus) 66, vi- de 130, io<-, 212,224, 241,308 Durley (Mr.) Captain of the Charles tirejhip ^27 Durfley fLord) after Earl 0/ Berkeley (vide B) Commander of the Litchfield 6■^^ and of the Boyne 678, 679 oj d Sijuadron t» the Sounc^ings 720 to 726 in the Mediterranean, vide 733, 742, 747, 761 Dutch, their Naval Force, &c. vide 18, and 282 to 239 Duyvelait, aTowi on the Coajl o/Zeeland 283 Dyme, a Port o/Achaia 7; Dyrrachium, vide Durazzo Ebro, vide Ibir Ebubeker, a Saracen Caliph or Emperor 1S8 Eddillone A'otvt, &c. vide 449 Edgar, King of England 327 Edinburgh, in Scotland, burnt by the Englilli 339 Edinborough Frith , the Pretender , &c. there 74J'.746,747 Edmund, A/»/ of England 3;.8 Edrick, the Englifli Traitor 328 Edward the Elder, and Edward the Confejfor, vi- de 327, 328 Edward the Firjl, Second, and Third, Kings of England 3'3'33i,'«»^33i- Edwards (John) Captain of a Sijuauron 709 Edwards (Richard) Captain of the Cumber- land, &c. y,^, Egefta xiV 88, 106 133 Index. '.3^ f9 86 '■< 86 7 1 191, Vide 310 '49 '/ Edom, , 3 )nte) 115-, 127 306 nis Efpernon ■??" Efperiinn jyiike dc-fit^es RorhcUe 317 Elfcx (Eiirtj his AHi a^imft the Spaniards \ j9j&c, ElFex and Rivers (EarlsJ vide Rivers Ellhcidia in the I3altic vide jcxj Eteonicus, a Peloponneflan Captain 83, $« Eihclted am/ Ethel wolf, /C/«(gj (//Enjiland 326, 3^7. 32S Evagoras, Kieg o/Cyprus 91 Evans (Mr.) C.iptaiu of the Royal Oak at Ali- caiii 695^ Evans (Mr.) Captain of the Defiance 763 Euboea (V^f^/dWMegropont) three Sea Engage- ments viae 5-3 the Peace then 6j — — rtvolisfrom the Athenians 86 fulijeiltd hs Mithridates 147, 196, vjde 214 Evcrtfon, a Dutch Rear-Admiral 425', fOf Vice- Admiral J • 9i f 4 J", f^ , 6.5 f , 637 t.\ em, Admiral of ZeeUni 296 Even/on, /fd'w/Va/o/'Zecl^nd 40Q Eugene (Prince) 0/ Savoy, /'w Spain 731 t.uf,en\\is the Fourth (Pope) m Eumenes, one 0/' AlexandetV SfcccJ/iirs^ &c. ipy, J06 St. Euphemia vide i6q Euphenius, is PiJ'co- veries I f Euxinc Sea (Pontus) Avguflus'j Guardfleet (htre • Pompey'j Dominion thereof J JO —. — V^fpafian'; F/eet there i yf the Scythians and Franks there 17$, 177, J84 Eyder, rt ^/'iwo/ Germany j'84 Eziongeber, videAcliani? J'abius oWButeo, Romnn Confuls 127 •Fabius Valtns, a Seapatitain JorVueWm^ ijiS JF«irbprne f.JVr Stafford) an Englilh Sea Cvm- mander and Admiral j8i, 6jO, 6zv, <575'. <58f, 7;^7, 738, 739 Fairfax (Rgbm) fiv Ei^ifl) «!»V* (^aftinn^ &c. <543 fair Promontory, vide Htsrropa Famagufta, hcfieged and taken by the Turks 226, ii.y, vi4e 242 /^aramitl^, aC'ty or Port on the Coa/l ij/',iEgypt ^12 .Favagnana, av/il^, *We ^fiufa ^27 Fayal, one of th't Aipr«s 3$, 7j>,i (St. Felix, (iTfW' '> S(paii) f23 jr<|j«)n, kilts fhe Duke of Buckinjjham 379 F?rdinat;d, I^i^ of Spain ;^| Fctrars (Lord) an English ^^/ ^17 final in Italy vide 5-17, ri9. f J4, fss Firth of forth, &c. 09 the Qoajl oj Scotland 746, Fltzpatrick, m Engjidi Sta C^tain f4f Titz Williams ^^Vr William) antng\\^Se9.Qo,m- mander, his Charailer, ^c. 339 Five Iflands Bay a* Ante;roa 4j4 Flag, its Right and Duty paid i^mitoity, &c, viq^ ^ , 3J ^c 39.. *a4. 2.?: at Leghorn ' 731 Flavio (//Ainalfi, viije Gipia, qr Qoia Fleets, vide Navy and Ships Fleets of Pompcy, Auijultus, ^4 An'ho.ttX, ^. 74* *3»M ,».782 7P3 122 Flemifh Road tft Dunkirk Florida in the Wed Indies Florus the Roman Commander Flotilla a/ Sppin, vide Armada CVecchia, »>» Natolia 2if, 23^, 241, Fochia s ■ 246 tNova vide ^23, 246,7^4 Foglietfa (LawrengeJ a Gcnoefe ^V** Comm^~ der Vi4fH7 Fontv8bi3, a Tqwh of Guipufcoa in Spain 320 fonteijay ^ace pfttr Bred 78? Forbes (Mr.) «» Englilli£»j/'«cfr (j* Pari Rqyal 76<5 Fgrbilhcr (Mw'nJ *<> rej"^'/ (9 Nofth Ame- yca 3fW Formcntera, an IJIand between Spain ^vt/Yv'^a ^3)797 Fprraofa, f/d(r 719 attempts to invade Scotljn^ 746, 747 Frjjnkii, Inhabitants on (be EuJiWe J 78 ftanch the Firfif &c. Kiugs of Vi^wce ^ly Frawenbergh, a 'town in Polim Pruffia, vide 302 Frehelle Cape, vide CupfV'^i^] in C French, tk begi/fping i»fd acftfffon gf tlteirNgyffl Farce 20, vide 319 Frejus, vicJeForiyii Jujii .Friggots ^ay at St. QuiftopJwV 4/3 Fregofe (Thorny) pffge of JGe^ioa 247 Ft egofe (Jo])u Paptifl) a Qfifmf*^ /fl^9(e ,Cl>tcr <»V B^7f 266 179 i7r, 179 176 44 12 "f. 140 Gallipoli, a City on the Thracian Bofphorus 249 Galloper Sand,iJ^o;« eight Leagues off theThzmes Mouth 571,656, dn Gallus (Cornelius) a Roman General 173 Gallway, a Port in Ireland 720 Galwa; (EarlJ an Englifli General in Spain 507, fi9.7i9.734>76i Gama (Vafquei de) a Portuguefe Vice-Roy of the Eaft-lndies 260 Gandia, a Port in Spain near Denia, &c. 731 Ganymedes, (i» Egyptian, oppofesCxfat 161 Garda, a Late in Italy, and a conjiderabte 7'own thereon 2X2 Garonne, a River in France I93i3i7 Gafianaga (Marquis) a Spanifli General 518, 522 Gafpe Bay, near the Mouth of the River Canada 779 Gaza, a Citv o/Falxftine taken by Alexander 103 Gedde (M'fjfieur) a Danifli Admiral 584 Gega, vide Kara Geloan Plains in Sicily vide 1 17 Geloi, People there inhabiting vide 80 Gelon, a King rf Sicily, his Naval Power, &c. ——ajfifis the Himerians 57 •^— beets /i&e Carthaginians, and burns their Fleet 58, vide 114 Gelon, Son »/ Hieron, King of Sicily 133 Gtao?i, taken by the SiXicens 16 ——the Coaji there named Liguria 129 ■——the City bombarded by the French 321, &c. vide 51 5, 643, 732, 768, 775, 794, 795, 797, 798 Genoefe, fubdue the Pifans" &c. 17 ——beat the Saracens, &c. 214, 218 —their Ifars with * J03 Heraclea, a City on the Euxine 7J, icf, i4<> Heraclea minor, a City in Sicily 123, 154 Heraclides, a Syracufan General Sj> alj'o a Syracufan Sea Captain vide S? Heraclius, Emperor of the Eajl iSS Herbert f^EdW 0/ Torrington) <»)» Engiilh /f 799 Jews, their Sea Affmrs, &c. 8, 9, 10 lllyricum (Illyria) comprehends Dalmatiaa»«/Li- burnia vide 96, 130, i6i Imbros, an IJland in the Aichipelago 86 Indian Ocean vide 104, loy f 104 288 10 46,48 10 3 92 Indus, R. SemiramisV ViHory thereon faiFd on by Alexander Indutiomarus, a Gaulifh Leader Innocent the Tenth, Pope Infula Batavorum (Holland) Joan, ^««»o/ Naples John, an Admiral under Narfes Johnfon (Robert) Captain of the Kent, tahes the Superbe 76$' Ionian Sea vide 96, i s\ Ionian s, their Sea Dominion IVar with Cyrus Vanquifii'd, &c. Joppa, a Port near Jerufalem, &c. li'chia, vide^natia Ifis, 0«w«o/^gypt, her Alls, &c Ifmenias, a Theban Prince IITa (Ifle Grand) on the Coajl e/ Italy vide 163 IfTa (LilFa) aTown in Sicily 130, vide 163 Iftone, a Hill near Corinth 73 I'ter, vide Danubius Iftria and\{lx'\, between the bottom of //6ir Adria- tic and the Danube 131, 191 Ifthmufles (vide Peninfulas) of Leiicas 73, 9f of Corinth 70, 238 Ivica, vidt Yvfca Juba. /f/H/f 0/ Mauritania 1J7 '.mqu-Jhed by Cxfar 163 Julia (Cii'arV Daughter and Pompey'sffif) '^'"' Death If 7 Julia, Marc AntonyV Mother 166 St. Julian'/ Cajlle at the Mouth of the River of Lisbon 690 Julius Caefar, hi-A^s, &c. if, 148, i6i, &c. Julius the Elevevtb, .Pope 22f, 226 Julius, ar Lngliih Sea Captain SS7 Jumper, I N D F. X. .'(. \^.\ jumper, Ctiptaiu of tlidcr fur Ctcfar in Achaia 162 Kane ( ) an Engliili Colonel at Quebec 781 Kara and G Thomas) an EngWih Sea Cemman- "''■''' , 337 Knutc, Sou o/Swainc Kin^ of Denmark, &c. 328 Koge Bay, between Copenhagen and EUinore Labbe (Monfieur) a Spaniard vide j'j'3 Labienus, Cxiai^s Lieutenant >'» Ada 1^6, vide L'abrazza (Thauris) an IJland on the Coafl of Dalmatia 162 Laccdasmon, vide Sparta, and 74,8f,&c. Lacedemonians (Spartans) their Sea Doraiuiou 7 ■ bcjlege Samos 46 ll^ar with the Perllans, Athenians, &c. 93 Laches, the h'Me\\\^\\ Admiral 73 Lacinium Promontory, vide Cape Riziulo Laconia vide 74,75', 81 Lada, a fmall IJland »fbian 7, i7-4<5 Alhes of Sparta 72, 8f, 86 |!l I iijj O o o o o Lcfina I N D F. X. Lefina (Churia) anljlund in the GhIJ oj Venice 131, 100 Leflina, vide Pharia Leftock (MrJ Captain of ih-! Weymoxuh 71 5 Lcucas Irthmus, ttm the Ijlati.i St. Mawre 73, 9$- Leucadia, a» (/land, and Lcucadians, near Sa- mos, Allies o/'Sparia «70 Leucopetra (Capo del Armi) <• Promuntwy in Italy Leven (Earl) a Scottidi Command Lewis the Twelfth, the French King Ley (Thomas) an Eiigiifh Sea Captain Libya, part 0/ Afric next iE^ypt the Coajls thereof fir ft difcovered Licinius, a Roman Admiral :J Lief Jienihoeck, a Fort on the River Scheld Liguria, the Coajl ubout Genoa Lilybium (Cape Marfalla) vide Marfala Lima, the Capital o/Pcru 708 Limeric, a ftrong City in Ireland 449, -ifo, 45-1 hipiti IJlands {JEo\'m\ IJlands) <»«^Lipara, vide 73,120 Lifardo (Baptifl) a Genoefe Admiral 247 Lucius (Marc Antony'j Brother) Conful ifj< Lucullus, a Roman Gcritrat 14s, i4f) Luna (Sarzana) aCity near I'oiJo Spcv.ia k;; 168 74V 621 I JO 4 5- 181 286 129,130 126, 127,131 Lufitanians (Portuguefe) Lutatius, a Roman Conful Lycia and Lycians Lycns, a River 0/ Afia Minor Lyilus, ij City in Crete Lydians, their Sen Dominion Lyfandcr, a Spartan Genoa! . made Admiral beats the Athenians, &c. Lyiias, an Athenian Captain Lyfias, a Syraculan Orator Lylimachus, cw 0/ Alexander'/ C<»/»(.(/'w, &'c. 106 Lytcot, an Englifti Sea Captain at Petit Guavas vide 14S 117. 1 2S vide 70 116 149 6 SS •;o 91,92 89 9i M Mabbot Lisbon taken from the MoorS the King of Spain there Sir John Jennings • Sir John Norris 25-3 664, 66f 7n 775- 790 793,794,796 339 -Adm'ral Baker -Sir John Jennings Liile (Lordj Admiral of Ertf^Hni Liffa, vide IfTa Liflus, Alefio, a Town and River in Albania 131 Littleton (James) Ca//<»/» 0/ *Ae Medway, vide j82,634,65'i in the Weft Indies 71 1 to yif — — Comm adore 781,782 Livadia Albania and Epire, Countni: 0/ Greece 196, vide 238 Livius Salinator, a Roman Conful 131 Livorne (Leghorn) a free Port in Italy, vide 647, 648, 732, 736, 75-2 to yjs, 763, 770, 79f, .796, 797 Lizzard, the farthcft Southward Cape in Corn- wall 448, 5-4 J Lloyd, Captain of the Falmouth 5^79 Loades (Edward) an Englifli Sea Captain 608, 609 Loadjlone, vide Mariner's Compafs Locrians, Allies of Sparta 70 Locri Opuntii vide 73 Locri Epiiephy rii 74, 1 1 J Logane, a Bay or Gulph near Cuba 537, )"92, 5-93, 602,701 Loire, a River of France 312 Long (Thomas) Captain of the Bredah 769 Longobardi (Lombards) vide 133 Loredano (Aloife) „ 7'^4. 7^!y Mal'^mocco, the Original of Venice 310, vide 243,1^9 MalJivies Ijlands in the Eaft Indian Sea Zf6 Malca, a Ciipi: m'ar Lesbos 89 Maltus, a l.'artiiaginian General 114, iij- Malfi, vide iVlelti, a» ■ revolts, &c. 167, 16S Mnizo, a Jiiver iit Italy 22.1 MMMi, a Roman Admiral 139 Molucca'/ Ijlafids, in tie Eaft-Indies 2j8, 261, 347 Monaco (vkie Hercules Moncxus) 4 Port nttr Genoa 731 Monba^c in the Eaft Indies ^^6 Mdllina (Mtllinj) a City in Sicily, vide 74, So, Monvpenny (Mr.) Captaiu of the Supetbc 79y 117, 120, 164, 194, Kjif, 75-1, &c. Monl'ord ^Sir Simon) Lord Harden of the five See alfu Sicily, ntaf;ue (William) a* Englidi Admiral under Mclienij, <»C(/«y,/r)' (./Greece 74 Edward the 7i6;><^ »idc 34 Metelino, an Ijland in the Axc\\\fi\^^o 22f,vide Monferrat, an Ijland in North America ^fi^-joi. 308 Metellus, rt Roman Cfwr<»/ 148,149 Mcthone (Modon) vifie 74, 120,220,308 Methvvin, rt "nglilh/"- -i^<» 19S, 797 Minos, KiKS^ 0/ Crete, his Anions, &c. 6,42 Mira, ait Ijland iu the Eaft Indies 260 Milenum, Mifciiium, a 'Town and Promontory in Italy 166, 175', 176 Milillra, a Town in Greece 223 Mitchel (David) owEnglilh Sea Captain and Ad- miral^ vide yi9, 523, 5-24, f2f, 548. iH *» f74 Mitchel (John) an Englifh Sea Captain at Que- bec 780 Mithridates, King of Pontus, ajjijled by the Cili- cians,&c. 14 beaten by the Rhodians 146 and by the Romans 147, &c. his Sons 147 Mithridates 0/ Pergamus, aJJlJlsCxhr 161 made by him King of Pomas 163 Mitylene (Lesbos) a City and IJland in the Ar- chipelago vide 72, 89, 90, 9f Mnafippus, a Spartan Admiral 95- 703, 7S3, 784 Montandre (Marauis) » Portuguefc 730 Monfciuma, the Indian King of Mexico 27$- Montjovi, a Cajlle near Barcelona 687, 693 MoDtniorency, Admiral oj France 316 Moore, an Englilh Captain at Petit Guavas f f7 Mordaunt (Mr.) younger Son of the Earl of Pc- terOorow, Captain of the Refolution 691 burns his Ship 692 Mi.rea, vide Peloponnefus, ami J24 Mori, a Town on the /f/'i'iT Adige 221 Morini, a Peofle of ancient Qaul lyj Moiolini, rt Venetian Sea Commander 23f, 236, and Admiral for the Pi fans 240 Moroiini (Roger) <; Venetian /^<^»»(»// y^ Nicias the Spartan, his Peace, &c. yd his Advice, &c. 70 Nicomedes, a A/»^o/Bithynia vide 146 Nicon, a Tnrentine vide 139 Nicopolis (PrcveCa) oppqflte to A&'wim 173 l>*\ci)ih, the capital C i^'Cyprus vide 226 Nicollratus, a» Atl ■ .i!i * ':^tral 71, y^ Nicotera, a City i.:t, Pc- ^'Calabria, on the Tyrrhene 196 Niciia aW Nixii? . Tfltht .te of the Cychdes vide 214, 224 Nieper, vide u ..-iiioen <, and 174 Nile, the farn I Ri\ • jf .Egypt j6i Nimeguen, tl • Peace there 298 Nifia, aPf (/A'^ Wo/ Sparta vide7i,75 Noah, his /li. .; i-oflerity 2, 176 Nuailles (Dukt de) a French General in Spain 762,774 Nof^uera, a River 9/ Spain 762 Numbre de Dios in America vide 276 Normans, their Power, l/'ars, &c, 16, 193 /» 197 Norris ^Ar John) Captain of the Orford, and Admiral 559, 5-60, 562, 650, 6^^, 685, 725", 726,727, 73'. 733' 7^1.767"' 7^7. and y6% to 77fi793>794 Norris (Sir William) AmbaJJ'ador t» the Mogul 582 Nottingham (Earl) Secretary of State vide 670 Nova Scotia, vide Port Royal Numantta (Soria) an ancient City of Spiia 145 Numerius, a Roman fiw/ifror 177 Numiftrum, vide Nicaftro Nutria, a Town /» Albania or Epire 130 Obdam (or Opdam) a Dutch Admiral 295, 296, 398 Obelerins, a Ofl^f 0/ Venice 310 Ochus (Darius) the Perfian Succejfor of Arta- xerxes 95- Oftavius the Roman Emperor, vide Auguftus Odavius, a Roman Admiral 140 under Pompey 162 OSavia, Auguftus'/ Sijler, and Marc Antciy'x U'ife .66 Oczakow, vide Bafterni P p p p p Oderzo "li y yM 1 N U F. X. i6S 9,10 73 Oi\etio{()p\uT^mr\)lntl'eHtptit>lickoJ'\'et\]ceif'^ OF.nias, a Cits ?e th' Prince invited into England, vide 299 Orbitello, a Town in Italy on the Borders o/Tul- cany 7fS^794 Orcades , the IJlands of Orkney 17^ Orfacan, a City in the Ealt Indies 25^7 Orford ('£<»r/)'vide Rulfel ^ Admiral) and 7S9 Orfordnels vide jyo Oricuin (notuVaX del orfo) in Sicily 1 19 Origucln, a Town neat Murcia in Spain 728 Oriftagni, a Town in Sardinia 319 Orkneys, IJlands on the North of Scotland 787 Ormond Dukei at Gales and Vigo, vide 619 to 63. Orinus, an Ijland in the Eall Indies 25-7, if9,2<')0, 264 Oronoque, a River in New America 36s Ortega!, a Cape on the Coajl of France 613, 614 OlHiry Lord) an Englifli Admiral 404 Oiruna (Duke) I'ne-Jioy of Nuples 278 and Admiral of Spain 49^ Ollalric, a Town on t'je Coaff 0/ Spain f 13, 798 (Jfttlid, riPc/rZ/wFlnnders, r'e fam'd Siige there- of by the EngWih Fleet, &c 737>738 —~~—jHrreMder'd Oilia, a I'ort and River in Italy Ollrogoths, &c. Ol'yris, a Hin^ of Ii.ffjpi Otho the Roman Emperor Otho the Fuji, a (itrman Emperor . , ,^ Otranto, vide Ilydiniiiuin, cW Calabria 720 (JuzleyWflv vide725' Owen ( ) ?<•«;»«» 345' Ux)dracij;, Alexander ujiunded 0\ ilun 104 ^ "39 18-, 1S8 vide 184 3 '7f 192,193 Fachfu, vide Antlpachfu Fachynus, a Froinontory (Cape V x\\\\) jci Paddon (Cieorgej an I.iiglilh Sea Captain at Que- „ ''«'= 780 Padus, tl.it River Po la Italy i-j, Palanioi m Spain bomli.irded, &c, vide yoS, for SI ?, f2o«»fx3 ■ Paland, an Englilh Dngadier a: lialcs 7f D, vide 149 FjiiOiuius, rt «4i/ir Maceduniuii w/jv //A't/ •".'• lip ;■> I'cccjis, » Gfcccf 7f PeliipDiiuflus ("//i.- Morca J'u culled) vide 2^7, 23S Pcloponneliuii //<;r, iti Caujii, ^c. 66, 6';/o9j-, 166, 1(^7 Pirlorus, a Citv in Sicily 134 Pfhilium (Dumiatu) iiCiis It A'.^ypt 161,174 Ptml)ioke (Eiirl) Ljnl H(f^h-/ldn rat of England 6o7,C,i9 ii I'econd tinif 712 Pcninl'ila'j madt Ijlands^ &C. fO, fi,73, vide 76 and 1(0 1 Pcnifcola, ^ /'w? In the Mediterranean, vide 798 Penn, an Fiti^lilh /lilmirul, vide Venabks Pcnn -S/r William) vide 3^8,399 Pennin(,'tun, an Eiiglifli Admiral 280,369 Pcnon lie Wle/,, uhrt un the Coajl &/ Barbary 171.^77 Penfylvania in America vide 776,778 Pepin, KtMj( 0} Italy, &c. 310 Pera, a Suburb u/Ci)nllaniinople 241,242 Percey (Francis) Captain of the Firebrand 733 Perdiccas, one of A\v\rxn(ivt'j Captains 99 Perez (Ferdinand) King of the Canaries 271 Pcrgamus, a City 0/ Mylia in LelFer Alia, vide 14. '47 Pericles the Athenian Admiral 64,61- takci SaiTios, fee. 66, vide 6<> Pericles Junior vide 89 Perkus, A'/«^ ofMacedon, his Ails 143 Perlians their Naval Power fuhjeil the lonians, &c. 46,48 '——conquer JE^ypt, &c. 47 k-ii/cn h the Ailiciiians at Marathon 49 — — ■i'jttijtier*d by Alexander, vide Alexander Pcrtau!; I'aOia, iriurlilli Commander at Lepanto 229, 230 Perulia, ffn^i h Lucius Antoiiius i6f Pefchcra, near the C.urzolarie tjlandu vide 230 I'tterborow ; i'.v/Vj pint Admiral, &c. with Sir Cloudedy ShovL-l! 6S4 r« 688 ii»d Gericr il 1,1 Spain 689 to 697 Pcs-rfon, viae i'ieterion I'oiit-Guavas /« North America 5'37, ff3, f5'6, ^5-7, vide 602, 698,699, 701 Petit, an F.nRlifli Cuknel kill' d at Alicant 69J" Pctreiu«, vide Artranius Pevenfey in Suliex vide 197 Pharioh Ncco, King of JE]^)pt, employs the Phoe- nician i owD.'/i'j'&tr/V;, &c. 4 Piiare of M -iniia vide 75-6, 767, 768 Pharia, viJi- L-iFiiia. Fharnabazus, a Pcrlian Governor of Heilefpo !lt i'harnaces, a King of Pontus 163 Pharos, a T'/wcr and IJland in JE^ypt 161, 174 Pharfalia (Philippi) a Part of Macedon if9, 160, i6f I'ha(t;i«, rt C(/v "/iJilioii ifj PJK'lvpcauv i\hinju'mi Cciicial of the Fietich fj'l.iUiSi iM AiniTica 78<' I'herintne, '/«i- <,/' /li'i- Cycladcs 214 PlliHi.;iV a Riilliull I'r.iliir I4S I'hilaiiiropfiius •< Grtck .l.imiral 311 Phileas, .1 Sicilian Enguicer 137 Philiii 'f Macedon 96, 97, 13^ i'hilip the Second, he. Kingi of France 31 2, 31 3 Philip the Second and Third, Kihgi o/'Spain, vide 277, 278, 27.jlTr(\y 43-44 Phocia and Phocxans, their Natal Affairs, Sec. 7, II PhocenfcS, rob thcTemf-le at Delphos 96, yy Pha'nice, the Capital uf Ep\tc 130, 138 Pha-nicia o*^ PhcrniciaiiH, i/tsprove Navigation, build Cities, 6cc. 4 -eniplov'd by Pharauli, and Semiramis 4, f,6 redmed by Cailllivlcs 47 k-aten by the Greeks 48, 64, vide 169 i-'hoenix, a Port of Ciiii 1S9 Phormio, « Peloponnelian /^./w/»i»/ 71 Photinuj, Governor of JE^ypt . i6y Phrips Bay at St. Chrillupher'/ 45-4 Phry)5ia Minor vide 106 Phrygians, then- Sea Dominion y Phylx, a Cajlle on the Frontiers 0/ Attica 92 Piccinini, a Milanese General 220 Pieterlbn, a Dmch Admiral at Gales, &c. 621, 795- 795- St Pietro di Areno, a Suburb of Genoa Piombino, a City between Orbitello and Leghorn 219,7^4,7^^794 Piraius, the Port 0/ Athens, vide 71,72,92/0 95-, 180, i8i Pirates 3 Plata, a River 0/ South America Platxa, an ancient Cit\ u/ Greece 72 Pltmniyii'im , a Prunt'tntnry nejr Syracufe 81, 82 Pliftias 1 N 1) K X. Pliftiai o/Cos, tn* of Demelriut'i Sta Cafuini 109 Pliftonax, Father of Paufaniii Po (l';iduO '• Kivtr ofUa\y Poiiu I'ciiro i» Aiiicfica f ff, Pola, rfC//> «/l«rii I99,ii Polani (I'cii'r) Unj^t of Venice Poltmoii, a .Sta CiftaiH tmJtr Alexander PolicanJro, an Ijlnnd oj thi Archipelago 7» 111 7'4 3.1'7 111 IC3 114 III 83 «J7.>64 91 119 8 10, 1 1 46 47 Porto Re»le, Htar Cailii j-2f, 6ii I'orii) Rico (M America ffi.^9, 71^7, 7if Fort Royal i« Jamaica, hwiit 59b, vide 70;), 710 Port Royal (Annapolis) im Nova Scotia ffj, c r^ .764,76f.766,767 Porto Spc'zzo, Mor Genoa, rw Italy 117, vidt 648 Portus, 4 Fort «/ /^# Afoniift »/ th* Tyber 1S7 Portus Achxorum vide 149 Poriui Icciut m Britain vide if) Portui Trutulenlis (for Rutupenfit) 134 Portugal Cove mar belle Ifle m America f6o Portugal (vide Lufitania) the King on bord ih* EnKlilk FUtt 666 Poriuguel'e, their Naval Pnuir, Navigation, &c. 17, 148, if4 amd Lib. 3. Ch. 8. per totum flop the Eiiglini/'/*« at Lisbon Stt tht likt atlempttd Potidea, and Potideans Poziunlo (Puteoli) a Port i« Italy Prctor, hi, Power with tht Romans Prxvcza (vide Nicopolis) and Pregent, a French Admiral Pretend*r, his Attempt on Scotland Poliiircctes, aSimame 0/ Dtiiiettius PoliiichUJ, a Sytucuit^n Admiral Polliu, a Commander under Cxfar Pol lit, a SiJartan Caotain, hii Ai*t Pnlybius, his fine Olfervalion Polycrates, Tyrant o/Samos .—his Naval Power, 6lc. • his flrange Fortune, &C. cirtumvented by Orettrs, &c Polypetchon, owr 0/ Alexander'! Su^ciflbrs 106 Les Pomegucs, IJUnds before Marfeilles 1 f 8 Pompeipoiis, vide Soli Pompey the Great, his Fleet, &C. 1 3 his Ails 1 y, V idc 1 48, 1 yo his Triumph t > J I . » 5 1 his D/ath 160 —^hii Suns 163 Pompi'nius the Civilian eited if Pomponius, one of Cxlur'i .SV<» Commanders 160 Price, an Enf|li(li Sea Caftaim Pondichtri on the Conjl of Cormandtl 643 Priennc, a^City of lonja Ponttnille, &c. VtKnch ProieJIant Sea Comman- " ■ ' den 3><^ Pontc Vcdra on the Coajl of Spain 613 Pontochan, vidrViitoria Pontus (the Tuxiiie Sea vide 14, 147, 149, I7f, 176 P.oniy (Monf.iiir) the French Admiral, vide ff 1 to f63, 6S1 Ponio, an Ifland near Gaeta 271 The Pope owns the Anhdnke for King of Spain 7f6 Popoli (Duke dc) a Spanifh General 798 Porca, in the Eali-Iiidici vide 261 Portir.ore (Lurd) an Enj;Iiih General in Spain 621 Porto Bello vide f f3, 697, 69S, 703 to 707 Porto Biondolo vide 218 Portocarrcro (Cardinal) fSi Port Cros, an Ijland, oue of the Hycres 773 Port de Paix 536,^371603,698 1, e. Francois Porto Farino, r» Tunis B/iy Porto Fino «fTyf.770 586,640,644 602,698, 701, 704 Port Mahon iwiVlinorca fi3, fif, 7f2,7f3,754, IS'!, 763, 764, 768, 769, 773, 774, 77f , 793, 79S, 796,797 Porto Morant Port St Mary near Cadiz Port PafFage in 13il'cay Porto Pin i vide f f3 610 920 696 690 719 vide 7 1, 9f I6S 16 »73 3'l 740 to 748 694 6y Prince (George) 0^ Denmark, Ltrd High Ad- miral of 'E,n%\ttti 610,618,619 his Death 711, 741 .//fy Probus, a Roman Emptrer 177 Prodeno, an Ijland near Modon 124 Property, obferved by tht Americans, &c. 24 to 17 Propoiuis, * Jm o/Marmora, orConnantino- ple ifo, 180 Profopitis, an Ijland in Nile 61 Protoniachus, an Athenian Admiral 89,1,0 Provence in France, near Languedoc I7f, 794 Pfammis, «i«(« Bocchoris, Kings o/^gypt 7 Ptolemais, vide Acres Ptolemy, Alexander'/ SucceJJor in ^gypt ic6, 108,109 Ptolemy Philopator, his great Ships 137 Ptolemy, Cleopatra'/ Brother 160, 161 Ptolemy the AJlronomer 203 Pudner (Mr.) Captain of the Severn 70f, 710, 774 Puizar (Marquis) a French Commander f is Punic U'ar, the firjl and fetond vide 13,1 19 Punta de la Guada vide ffi Punta di Salvori, vide Bahia Puntals, Forts near Cadiz fio, fii, f if, 622 Purvis (Mr.) Captain of the Dunkirlt Prue 709, 710 Pydius, a River in the Hellefpont 87 Pygmalion, T^raw/ 0/ Tyre 113 Pylus (Navarino) a Town o/Meflina 74 Pyrrhus, /C«w 0/ Epire 112,118,120 Pythxas, a Native of Marfeilles, i?is Difcuveries II Pythes, a Corinthian Admiral S3 Pytho- I I N n K X. f,6it 7.7if ■ 70?. 710 56,767 vidt 648 »«7. 1 88 idc 149 ide If J 134 f6o orJ tie 666 ion, tec. 4^. if4 690 ■ ^*^ 168 26 »73 o /» 748 figb Ad- 6t8,6i9 74' -7f7 177 214 Sec. 14 to *7 illantino- ijo, 180 61 89,^0 ns, 794 !yp» 7 f'i r II Pytho- Pyitioiliifui, iiif AfUtu'nn /tJmn ill viije y^ Fyiihus, King III tpire 112, >iS, iiu Qu!ihuiimoc«, cih 342 AiiMc 610,722, 74» QjiitH uj Spiiii i» Krikiland 421 at ihi- Uruyiiir, Uarcelonn, &c. viilc Lib. f. Ch. iS, iiMU T^6 Oiieen V.\\x'\i\\\y\ 'I SwcJcn 202 (^nii'Clie, Viiit! l)ll (^IKlnc guiloa, i>i :f>c li.ilt liiilies 2fc, 2f6 (Juincc Rock, a hurt near St. Malo fi(>, f27, .SV.Quiiitin, rd (l.arlj RttKuCa, a fmall Hiful'lid in liaiy vide 131 OldKaKuliJ, vide Epi.i.uitus Raleigh f^Vr Walter) hii Acit at Se.i 3^7, 3^9, i6jfo 36f, 36b;,&c. RauiPtta, a T"iu» in the Plain o. AUIiiiZo lyy Rapal lo, the GulJ' fo ceiled 221, vide 249 H.ipe ul' lUlcii .i'Kl Hetione 43 Ravenna, a Port /« the Adiiatit 13, 176, 180, 188 R.uilimodiis, y Polyciites 11 Rhiiit the Jitver fi called 175', 310 Rhiuiii, a 7ffiww"» Italy 71 Rhi7.on, videRiiine Rhodes a^vJRhodians, vide 16, 100, 107, 111,112, 146,219,308 Rhodian L<.^ 211,212 Rhode Ijiand in America 778 Rhofne, Rhodanus, a River in France ii,i3f Richards (Colonel Commander of the Blaze i-ire- Jhip againjl CaUis f 3° Richardi iCapitm) an Enjfineer at Newfound- land fCu Richlicu (Cardinal) adtaneei the French A'.iirt/ Power vide 20, 319, and 310 RiUby (Captain' a Deferier, Ac 796 Rio de la Macha in llifpaniolit 197 Rio de Janeiro m lirafil vide 792 Rio de la Plata vide 276 Rio de Huenna Senna) 2f6 Ri^-banl<, and other hrti near T)\\n\l\tk fiy Ridne (Rhiyon) a Town in Dulinatia 130 Riva, a Town on the Lake di f iarda 221 Riva (James de) <* Vtiittijn Admiral 136 Rivcrk "WEliex (F.arli, goti with Sir Cloudelly Shovel to Spain, &c. 728 and retnrn 730, vide 739 Rochcloucauld (Monfieur) Admiral oj 1 ranee 316 Rochefort, a Port m France 737 Rorhelle, a City and Ptrt in France, its f,imd Suf^e, &c. 270, 317,3'^. 36'; to 370, 757 Rochtort ( Fhumas) Captain 0} the Siai liomb- l-ej/el 76f Rohan (Duke) at Rocliel 37y Rome and Romany their Naval IfW with the CarthnKinians, &c. 12,13,11 to iHi ——with the Goihs 186, 187 Roman Emperor 1, SHccefflrs of T'ihct' US 17$' Romania vide 214 Romelia and Patras, two Cajlles tit the Entrance ej' the Gulf oi Lepanto 237 Ronda vcja, vide Munda Rooke (^;> George) an Enf^V\(h Admiral 467 hi) Proceedinj^s to Cadiz {■24 in the Soundings, &c. 5'43, 5-64 in the Baltic ^82 —and in the Chanel 5'8f condiifls the Forces to Spain 619 carries the Archduke t» Lisbon 662, &c, vide 67i Roquelaure {Duke de) a French Commander 772, Rodoc, a City on the Baltic 306 Rota, a l^illaj^e near Cad'a 620,621 Roveredo, a Town in Italy vide 222 Roufc (Auguftinc) an Englifh Sea Captam a* Quebec 780 Roufillon, a Proi'/'»ff 0/" Catalonia 771 Rubicon (Pi(itello) a Ath'^r o/Italy 1^7 Rugen, an I/land in the Baltic 303,306 Rumfey (i^r.) Captain of the Pembroke 765 Rupert (Prince) Admiral of the Eiigli(hf/^f< 321, 340,398,399,403,404 Ruflell (Admiral) Earl of Ortord, &c. carries the Qneem of Spain to the Groyne 420 • his AHs in the Soundings 433,434, &c. '»i798 I -^ 7^ Vide 311 land 400 vide 787 Loaji of <53f, 744 722 'ide Chio 2'38.770 , ^^ 7f <»a Conful •.'31,132. 140 la 15-2 740 ^0 748 Propontis e 149, 224 r Sciglio) 167,189 one of the 214, 224 on 97 176 1J6 7da 3iy 21 223 ' ^39 100,112 s 220 !> icily y8, ', 80, 1 14 /Jamaica 5'9i, J92 Sencius 147 310 I6y 577 14S IfO 1 1-9 ., "5- vide 132 Sentius, a Roman Pr*/or 0/ Macedon Sequana, the River Seine »» France 179, Serapion, Cleopatra'/ Lieutenant Serrana, Note an unknown Shoal near it Sertorius the Roman General Servilius the Komiin Admiral {^xfar'/ Partner Servilius the Roman Conful Servilius Geminus Sefoflris, Kinj^ of JE^ypt, his Expedition 4 Sedo (Se(los) oppojite to Abydas 87,90 Setines, vide Athens, and 223 Severus, Son of GaWt'ms the Emperor 180 Scxtus [Pompcy's Son) his A^s 164 Seymore (William) an EngWth Brigadier at Ca- diz 614, 621 S'fax, f ■ (7»i/ vide Jtnniiigs, Rookc, RuiRll Soutius, 660. 7^5 Strarilird b.arl Lord'R.a.by, at the iiegt- uf O- ih'IKl 739 StraUui'd ;'« r/'f Baltic 306 Strcniioli (Strori),vlc) an Ijland on the North of Sinly ' 16S Stri»zi (John) I'odeftat 0) Genoa 244 Stroiii (Philip) a French Admiral 278 Strymon, I N D K X. Strymon, a Gulf near Mount Athos fo Suaco, 1 Vl.icc ;uay Cales 621 SubercaOe (Monjicitr) n French Goiw«or o/Port Royal 767 Sui.'io, <» /il;»u 0/ Denmark 133 Suevi, a People of ancu/it Germany 3 Suiones (Swedes) their Uriginctl, &c. vide 299 Tenedo, and Tenedos, oh IJland in the Archi- ^^•^'"^5 n , , 2'f. 2.181 219, 236, 178 T enerift, one of the Azores or Canary I/lanJs _, . . 271,290,701 Tenths of Maritime Revenues confecratcd 1 1 Teos, Lebedus, aW Era:, Cities o/LelFer Alia 86 Sulpitius, one of C-.' 11^ s Adr/iirals agaiuft Vam- Tercera, the principal IJland of the Azotes 590 pcy 160 Sunda///<««^/, in the Eaft- Indies, attempted by the French 262 Surinam, in America vide 783, 784 Surrey ; Earl} L'lrd Hi^h-Admiral 339 Swaine, King of Denmark 328 Swanton (Mr.) Captain of the Exeter 6S'^,6ss, 793, 795- Swedes &«. 63 iSS 17 3if 70 92 r;«OE- S9-, 97 idl^efl . 96 t Thfonium, <• Tffww belonging to Corinth 70 Thyffa, a City near Mount Aihos 75^ Tiberius the Roman Emperor 174, I7j' Tidori*, an IJlanJ, &c. ia the Eaft-Indies 260, 261, 262, 276, 278 Tiepolo (Lawrence") a Venetian Sea Commnn- der ^ ^ 41 $■ Tigranes, 7v/»f 0/ Armenia 146 Timok'on, the Corintliian/^^w;'rrt/, his Aits 116 Tiniotheus, [Sun of Coaon) an Athenian /tdmi- ral 9f Tina, an Ijlnnd or City on the Archipelago 214 Tindaris (Tindaro) a Town in Sicily 16S Tiptot (Robert) an Y.n^\\(h Admiral 313 Tirricit Hiddes, /^ir«.Tj/o/Kricfland 400 Tilienus Gallus, one of Sext. l-'ompeius'j Sea Commanders 1 69 TilHiphernes, the Perlian General S6, 87,93 Tita, a Town on the Coajl of barbary 260 Tilinius, a Sea Captain undir Au^a\\ai 169 Toiras (Monfieur) a French C7i7.7iS Torbole, a Town on the Luke di Garda 222 Toroiie, /yC\eon vide 75-, 76, 9^ Torra, a Port of Sardinia 268 Torriiigton (Earl) vide Hfrbert, and 446 Torllenlbhn (Leonard) ^ Swedilh/^i;«;><»/ 303 Tortol'a, a City oj Catalonia 17, vide 239, 266 Lord Gal way retires thither 731, vide 75-0 . taken by the French, &c. 7y2 Toiillas, a King or General of the Goths i8f, 186, 188 Tour de Cordavan vide 311 Tourvilie, a French Admiral 466, 470, 485', f72 Tournay, a City in France taken by the EnglilJi 339 Townfend (Ifaac) an Englifli Sea Commander 6j'8 Trafalgar, vide Cape Trafalgar Trani, vide Bari Trapano, vide Drepanum, Eryx, and 214 TrapafTy Harbour 632 Trapefus (Trebizond) a City on the Euxine 176 Traw, a Town in Dai mat ia 212 Trebizond, aCity on the Euxine vide 176, 308 Trebonius, CaifarV Lieutenant at Marfeilles 157 Treguier, a Port in France 314 Trelebais and Pontenille, &c. French Protejlant Sea Commanders 3' 7 Treport <« France, burnt by the Englilh 34'.', 341 Treviliano (John) <» Venetian Admiral 214 Treviliano (Nicholas) M/>fl/ :38,.i40 Valerius, Csfar'/ Lieutenant 15-7 Valerius Flaccus, /he Roman Conful 147 Valerius Paulinus, Y f if aWnn" s Admiral 176 Valladolid, «C/Vv'» Spain 773 Valois (Charles, C /^i /ly tl-'c Saracens 16 m.i/lcr Cyprus, Candia, &c. 17 beat the 'lurks 20 Venicre (Sehaflim) .iW'netian Ai/miral 2ii> Vcntidius, M. Amony'j Lienteniii;t againft the Pairhians 167 Vera Cruz in i/A-WelMndies f9i,5-'>7,699,70f, 707, 709, 788 Vcrcingctorix, a (iaulifli Commander ij'6 Vcrdcn, vide HrcnK'n Vcre (S:r Traucis) ,i>i Kngiiill SeaCnwmandtr 35-9 Verezano (John) a FUnentine, Difcoverer of New r'rance 316 Vernon (Mr.' C.-.rtr.'-n 'f the ]eikj 7''^,7'3.7iS' Verona, a Cif: ./,• Lonibardy Veipalian, //u- Re, man Er.'.pi-'ir 17^,314 Vetch ( ) an Lnglilh Colonel at Port Royal )>' America 766 — ■. d at Quebec 781 V'etrani, .; iMn-jn' ilcnnch Commander 214 Utibrd (Wllliani) .'/; y.ng\\\\\ /Idmiral under ^A- ward the 'Thirii vide 33 Ugolin ; Count) a I'iCwu Sa Commander 240 \'iadri (James) .iWneiian Comma.ider 214 Vibo (Biv(ina) a I'vrt in CaJnhrM 160, 16S Viefte, .J C'/Vv IK Italy on the AjjuI;'. 221 Vif^o, the Achoa thoe 6.1, 6?/ ' '•:! Vilikins, ,< Dutch //.i^/;;i.// Villa Muerdn, a [< ivn /■• l'''>rtuf;^; ht, Villa Nova 0,1 the 1- reiicii Jw/i ^''\, Villa Franca on the Co,ifl o/'Spani 669, 670,677, 73^-763,799 Villars (Monfuiir) Commander ot a h tench St/ua- dron 730 V\\\ena (Marquis) I'ice- Roy of Cita\oi\\iX fOy Villeroy (MnrjhalJ a I'rench General 738 Villet (Mo/ifteur) a French Admiral 4^5- Vincent ( ) "'' EngliOi ^V(>fc '// Venice n-i Vitellius the Roman Emperor ,■,! Vittoria (Pontochan) a Cty of the Americans vide 275- Uleckery, ifZ/Ww/r w Norway -.i Ulir, a Sarazen Lender j^ Ulnicrugi, ti People oj G^rnv.my ^sj, Umphrevill ,^V> Robert) yice- Admiral of Eng- land ,;, Volga, a River fillin;; into the Cafpiail Sea '307 Void, a City in Thiliiily vide i-^Ci Voorue, rf« //'/ijW »« Holland 28\- Urania, a Town in Cyprus jq., Urphen, vide Ophir Urfeolus, /Jo?f 0/ Venice 200 Urfine (t'aul) a'Commander rt/ Lcpanto 2-^-' Urfus Particiatus, Doj^e of Venice 192, 197 Uniant, vide 442,443, 444, 471, 5.4^, 642, 643, 644, 787 Utica, vide lliferta, and 140, 141 Utredt, thcTreut\^ cScc. there 3S, 39," 282, the liijhop thereoj' a Dutci' Idwir.tl ' 28-^ Vulterius, r/if Opitergian i^,^^ W Wager f.SV Charles) ^?/ F:,g I i,^i /^j'/»/>.,/ 642 Wager (Air. J Commadorc in : ■ Wall- Indies , Vde 703 to 711 Waldemar, Kins^ of]'): umarr ^cd, 307 Walker (Sir Hoven-'-.-n) C.>',\^i:t of the'bar- ford, &c 5-9.,, 6r ^6oy, 624, 71 5", 716 and Admii d 74 r , 74 ^ , his Ex^editiiitt t) Qu, ' tc, &c. 775" to 786 Walpole (i^aptai).') Co.n. -der of /g j.j Spain 188 Warna, a River o/'Gem'r.ny 306 If-'ar declared a^aiitjl F ranee and Spiil.' 619 Warren (Thomas) an tfiglilh SeaCatain 5'8i, 582. Warwick (Earl) LorJ.Rigl>-/Umiral of Eng]Md WafTenacr, « Dutch Rear-Admiral <;^%,(,z^6^i, 666, 667, 66q, 616, 68f , 6;;o. 694, 696, -j^i Watchtmeiiter (Count) Admiral, General of Swe den 583 43i 69J 299 <53y 3cS Waterford, a City in Ireland Watkins, Captain of the St. George Weiliel and Elbe, Rivers 0/ Germany The Well, a Shoal njf L'mcolniWie Weilphalia, the Pence there Wctheman, a Danifh Admiral ^„„ Wheler (Sir Irancis) an Englifh Admiral 478, 4-9,491,494 Whetftone (Sir William) an Englilh Rear-Ad- miral v ide f 92 , f 97 , 5-98, 600, 602, <5o6 his Proceedings to the Wili Indies 697 to 70i Whitaker (Sir Edward) an Englifh Admiral6^\ 677 - — ;■* the Mediterranean •'ri to 764, 76S, 769 Wight it I N I) F. X. videW '7$- icricaiis iilc 275. 36 1 90 "/ Enj;- ''^ ;;o7 ide 2:;6 2Sy 107 200 44. 75^7 40- 141 % 282 28;^ Wif^ht Jjlc (Vcdis) vide 462,463,664,775- If'il.ijire, intcuted by Calliiiicu'., \c. 180, vide 2S7,2S8 Willkin tht Firft MtJSuMiJ AVwgj u/'L«+(Haiid) 328, 32c; WilliftiTl tki^ Thhil, Kwj^ 0/ Eiiftlaiid, &c. /vs X.iT.il /if/'iiiis \ idc 410 !o 6rj-j Wills Culiii/el, aCovmaH.U-r in tbc\Vi:[\ iliiiics 604 Wills (Mai'jr-Gencral) /'» Spain 7^2 Wilinot (Ki)bcrt) an Ei)i;lilli Sea diJUaiu in the Wcll-liidics ' 1-31 i« S^7 Winibloton li'ifiuHiit) an Eii.nliri) //:.iCa\>ta'm uniVut- Admiral 6i f, 643,660. 6<^)J-, 666, 667, 676, 677 Widnar, a C«/y ffj MoUtcin /,i./r Kuf;cii. Tuui- i-d to the Swtdcs 303, vide 306 Withfis ^LietUcnaMt Gtacrttl) in Mmdcis, &c. 748 Witte, or DcWittCi, (< Duich I' nc- Admiral 344 Wivell (I-ranci*) Captaiit of thv Jiartltiir, vide 486,627,630 Worlky fA/c. <«« Eny,iini Cr//tf«i7 ;« Spain 729 WraiiKtl, a Swudilh /Lim-ial 305 Wren (Rnlph) Captain oj the Norwich 4^9,460 Wrinlit (William) an Ell){lifll Sea Captain at La lh>^\le 466 Wiii^ht (Lawrence) an Englifli Sea Captain at //w Well-Indies 4J-i ^o 45-8, 466 Wyat, an Englilli Sea Captain 63S Wyld (Baron) Captain of the Royal Oak 718 X Xabsa, a Town and Pont near Altcl dWDebia 797 Xaintogne, a Prvmcc of b'vdnct: 317 Xantippus, a Laccdxmonian 6V»(?rrt/ 125- Xeres, a River near Cadiz in Spain 621 Xerxes, the Ferlian King, fucceeUi Darius, and reduces the ./Egyptians J^O invades Greece, &c. Jo, fi, J'4 /;// Fleet and Army beaten yf, j6 Ximenes (Rowland) accufes Columbas i^4 Yarmouth Ui„i I 6v; Yorlc L>nke, C'jf/imtmdi'ri>l't,':eV.n^ ifti /7(<7 29^, Yvii,a (Ebuius and l^ityiil'a) 'j»e of the lialtarc-, rediued h the PiCans i- Jeiz'd •:-. Siuirius 14''5, vide i\<; ]'"]/']>'<■' h A.„^^' Charles oJ Aulttia, Vide6/,, 7'yy Z Z.ibaini, ./ Ki^rj ol C',oh 25-7, if, '/arte Hihriuiii, iv.'»:trefed y '/siiguebar in the E.id- Indies 2)-7 Zatit, the //land '/.icymhas 70, 74, 1 3^,224, 5<:8 Zanzibar, an Ifiand of the JiL\.hw^\c Oie.ia ifi A- Iric 25'5-, 2j6 Zara, a Totun ir. Dalmatia 213, 215-, 22u Zarabis, « MaKoi.Kian Piitice 24^ Zeelaud, a /'..;i rj Holland 2!53 /e^na, a Seu-l\it of Croatia 234 Zciln, a Tow.i on the Afric Conji of the Red S>ea 2fQ, 261 Zembla, i.e. Noval'^enibla 290 Zcmpoalian, 'J own in iVhxico j-'y Zcni (Thomas) a Venetian Admiral - j Zeno (Charles) a V vnmviw Admir al 217, 218, .n 9 Zeno (Renicr) « Venetian Admiral . ^ Zeno (l^eter) aWantumi Admiral, his Ads ^l6to 220 • -his Stratagem 220 taken Jr'rijoncr 222 Zeibi, an IjUitid acauTilpoW /'wBarbary 246, 277, 3C'9 Zerfadin the Sec(,/;J (a Ki>;g c/Ormus) 25 / 21? Ziani (Seballian) Doge oj Venice Zinibala, vide /Eginiurui Zocotota, an Jjiand near the Month Sea Zopyrus, Father of Megabyzus Zirickzee, on the CoaJ u^ Zcelrnd Zuirie, vide Albania Zullimin (i^r Solym; j a Saracen Emp-y-ur 100 Zufickzee, the I'lmzh if tug's Adriiiral thte 29, vid 183783 tPe Acd 283 305 3C6 -at 47S, E RR ATA ERRATA. PReface^ Page 6. line 16. after time, add (includinji alfi the Merchant Shift of the Kingd«m\ Book, Page lo. line 26. read of his SucceJJ'ors. 1. 32. dele r». P. 103. 1. 34. r. Gedrofians. P. 112. 1. ult. r. Dofon. P. 113. 1. 41. dele thatPrittcefs. P. 126. I.4f . r. Drepanum. In the Margin r. Trapani. P. 130. 1. 39. after com- mandedt. inCorcyra. P. 132. 1. 20. f. and r. who. In the Margin, i.Miletus r. Metita. P. 134. I. ult. f. an IJland r. and the IJland. P. 139. 1. 20. f. drew r. drove. P. 141. 1. 30. dele the Comma after AmbaJJador. I. 31. dele and. P. 161. in the fiift Note in the Margin, f. Ganymedtt r. /tckiiias. 1.9. after Eunuch r. r'ho. P. 168. I. 34. dele but. 1 36. r. but AgrippaV. I. 37. dele fi that. P. 170. l.^i.t.a-peek. P. ib>. \. 6. f. on t. of. \,S.f.and on t.andof. P. l8f. I. 31. r.Pron*'s Froceidittgs. Ch. XX. 1, 17. for »/»«») r. there. Ch. sxxi. 1. 3 3, for A^gi r. .i*|<<<'. BOOK. after of r. few. leave out as r. JEquator. for Proven* r. Provence. after Porf; make a , r. Verglviart. for callengtd r. challenged. for »»», for Cedrofians t. Gedrofians. for Friendjhipt t. FriendJIiip. after ^< make a , for Dofo I. Dofon, leave out that Princefs, and make a . before the Words, for Alhia r. Olbia. for coroe r. m/»«. for Drepranum r. Drepanum. for Trepano r. Trapani. for the Catch-word or r. hundred, after commanded r. i» Corcyra. for Miletus r. Metita, for «n r. anii /i Tranfoii, after Pfi/j: r. (i»(i. for S. W. W. r. S. S. W. iox forgetting x. fo; getting, iftex failed, inllead of ; make » , after Havana r. and. after zvere mike a , and after himfelfz « after would leave out /"^x/^ inftead of but r. w/jtri A«. after Road r. /'«f. leave out the. for .Votf r. broken. for iit'« r ac/&. after Bomb-l'ejfels make a j' after ihofe French r. S/j/f i. leave out at Anchor, lux Forces X. Troops. after foon leave out the , for coming r. going. after -4^e»/j make . and he with a great H. leave out the , after before. after tvind make a , inftead of a j after Start x. was. after Place leave out the , for Gall r. Gaily. aflexGunfleet make a , for efides r. befides. for Ships r. Ship. after which r. fiw*. after ^o r. /o. for lay r. ^/>. for unmooring x. unmotrtdt after re r. their. for wif/i r. by. for ^f«fe r. /«wf. for DungeneJJ'e r. Den^tnejfe, for iey r. //?«)(. before Admiral r. f /«. for Lampourdan x. Ampourdart, fox from x.for. for //I England from r, /row England at, for /«r r. /row. for art r. M'fr»,