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My Lords and Gentlemen^ PROMPTED by the moft ardent willies for the welfare of this country, as well as for the honour and happinefs of his Ma- jelly, the writer prefumes to lay the following Conliderations before you* He jdoes not feek to inflame, but to awaken a due conlideration of our many conquefts, and the necellity of preferving them at a peace, as the only means of preventing another war f; Hi vi DEDICATION. war in a fhort time, and as the only means of terrifying our enemies with a true and juft idea of our national ftrength, and of our wifdom and refolution in continually annihilating their power as often as they break with us : faithfully wedded to thefe fentiments (the only ones which can be for the true intereft of the nation, and are the general fcnfe pf all the people) let us not make peace, until our enemies will grant us fuch terms, as Piall not only be advantageous in themfelves, but fafe and lafting to the future fecurity of our lives and happinefe. He con- fcfles to have drawn from report his fuppofed fads ; itthat report ht falfe, fo alfo are his arguments, as they are naturally deduced from it. That both thefe may be the cafe, fhall be prayer, and is the earneft wifh, ofoneof hisMajefty's faithful fubje<9;s. CO N- ( t ) CONSIDERATIONS ON THE APPROACHING PEACE. H E candid public have hitherto looked on the Monitor and North Briton as the trumpeters of fac- tion, and gave little heed to their parallels and quotations from hiftory, in- tended to iv^rake in us the remembrance of former times;— but nov^r, what have our eyes beheld! the following letter from authority prockiiiis the certainty of an approaching peace ; at a time when it was expected by dl honeft men, that the career of our arms Would not be flopped till our enemies were reduced to reafon ; till Newfoundland was retaken, and the parliament had met. B My I My Lor J, Whitehall, Aug. 29,1762. " I have the Earl ot Egremont's direc- tions to acquaint your Lordfliip, that, in confequence of his Mod Chriftian Majcfty's nomination of the Due de Ninervois to C(M.iie here to treat of a peace, the King has been pleafcd to name the Duke of Bed- ford to go to Paris for the fame purpofe j and his Grace's appointment will be de- clared on Wednefday next the firfl of Sep- tember. My Lord Egremont thinks it may be of ufe to make this public in the t ity as foon as pofTible. I am, with the greateft refpedl. My Lord, Your Lord (hip's mofl obedient and humble fervant, Robert Wood.** I'o the Right Hon, the Lord Mayor. A peace at this inflant will in all proba- bility brand the times with epithets that will be ever difgraceful in our hiftory. Will not the people cry out, the peace of Utrecht revived ! H and B — • revived 1 — Does not the general difcontent through- out the nation fliew how^ unfavourable and how unfatisfad:ory a peace at this jundure is to them ? Wc I t> Wc ( 3 ) We have been fighting France tlicfc fcvcn years, and have met with little elfc but hard blows j and now when there is ibme profpecft of obtaining a rccompcnce for the heroifm and toils of our warriors, muii their hands be tied up ? Mult a peace be figned jufl when they are entering upon their harveft, and fliall they be dilbanded as a reward for all their fervices ? Peace! peace! peace! has been the cry fince the nation firft demanded vengeance on the Spaniards in return for their nume- rous infults. Indeed could any thing elfe be expeded ? Or was it to be fuppofcd, that they who induftrioufly endeavoured to (lave off this Spanifli war, when the abfolute necefllty of it was firft urged, would not as foon as pofiible wafh their hands of all con- cern in it ? Was ;t not for this reafon, that when the firft jonqueft was made on the Spa- niards, it became necefTary to treat it as a matter of little importance ? When the Hermione's trcafiire was brou c^hr through the city, all figns of magnificence and illuftrious parade were avoided; perhaps as tending to inculcate a dangerous fpirit to bravery and conqueft among the people, who might from fuch intoxicatiiig llicws grow fond of the war, and tempted to join ill it. Can the wifdoni of our mo- B 2 dcni j' y; ( 4 ) dern guides be fufFiciently extolled for this great* adt of prudence? How like the ridiculous old Roman triumph was that proceflion, with which the French cannon taken at Cherburgh was brought through the city, attended with the colours taken at Louifbourg ? It was an incident of the utmoft injury to ourfelvcs ; the people grew mad with fighting the French, and the poor poltroons were not fufFered to reft in any part of their fcttlements. But how humane, how chriftian-like, are our people to be for the future ! what an alteration are we to exped ! Sir Edward Hawke was fent for home : was it feared he would behave fo unmannerly to the Spaniards as he has often done to the French ? or \yas it feared that our people would likewife go mad in fighting the Spaniard?, that the Hermione's treafure pafFed with fo few attendants to the Tower ?— To be fure the Englifh are an odd fort of people, they love to bring their enemies to reafon ; and if they cannot convince them by fair argument and nego- ciation, they are fo hard hearted as to beat them into a con.Yi<^ion — until new comers and new doctrines are imbibed, by which it is logically proved they have been all thp while in the wrong, and that conquejis are th'ir ruin, — Here is the clue to that crooked pazc ^?^iJ^ I s i. / ( 5 ) maze of policy, in which we Iiave beca wandering fince Mr. P.'s refignation. But to be lerious. It is faid we have been fueifig for a peace with France, and that they have figned the preliminary arti- cles which we have offered. For God's fake what cin induce us to fue for peace ? Is ic the general hatred, and even deteftation, that is ihewn to the new , that he is afraid of railing the fupplies ? If that be his fear, why does he not refign (if he be a friend to this country) that fome other man may hold that high office, in whom the people chufe to confide i* Or have they not abilities to carry on the war, and there- fore wifh for peace ? Or is it becaufe the vaft fums, which the fupport of the war naturally demands, are wanted to be ap- propriated to other ufes ? — for we are neither in fo humble, nor fo poor a con- dition, as to fue for peace from our enemies : there are ftill immenfe fums in the nation, and free hearts and hands to give them, if there be but confidence in the m — . There is ftill a fpirit in the people, notwithftand- ing the lofs of Newfoundland, to fight our enemies ; and there is ftill a true loyalty and faithful afFedtion to his Majeftv's perfon. With thefe advantages (whi-h are the only ones for carrying on a war with fuc- cefs) will not any man of honefty fay we have V i I ■ tl (6) have nothing to fear, and therefore ought to continue the war, till our enemies are compelled to folldt a, peace from us, or at lead are reduced to reafon ? — but a man of difcernment will anfwer, we have the worft of all fears, that our confidence has been mifplaccd, if we trufted to a vigorous profe- cution of the war in hopes of being in- demnified for the great fums already ex- pended., for now behold — we are to have peace. Is this the glorious opportunity for making peace, when the great council of the nation (lands prorogued, and the French flill tremble at the names of fome of our brave commanders ? To fhew how injurious, how fatally in- jurious to this nation, a peace with France is, before they are fufficiently humbled, (which is not yet) it will be necefiary to prefent the reader with the following fenti- ments of a Frenchman, which were laid before the French minifiry juft before the prefent war was declared. " MOTIVES for a PEACE with ENGLAND. By an old French Sea Officer. 'TpHE peace of Aix la Chapelle gave us -*- time, had we properly employed it, to raife a drooping trade and feeble navy. We drove on with a profpcrous gale for a few ire rat orft >eei\ ofe- ; in- ex- havc ^ for :il of ench : our lyin- rance iblcd, ry to enti- laid the e with ER. rave us ycd it, navy. ; for a few • ( 7 ) few, a very few years, till America be- came the fubjedl of difpute. CommifTaries met to fettle limits. We amufed the Eng- lifli with frequent conferences, and at the fame time we maintained our rights in America. They were, at laft, wife enough to fpeak to us in another manner ; for whilfl we were gaining fome infignificant acres on the Ohio, they took our fliips on the ocean. We drove them to this policy. They knew this would make us declare war, which we could not fupport without failors, and almoft all ours were prifoners in England. This was a blow we did not forefee, but have feverely felt. " Was it prudent to rilk our home trade, and to ruin all at once our marine, which began to recover itfelf, for the fake of fup- porting fome imaginary rights, and making conquefts in America ? Ought we not to have waited, at leaft ten years, till we were in a condition effedlually to fupport our claims ? The Englifli would have done our biifinefs had we permitted them. They had negledted their navy, and difbanded their artificers, who flew to France and Spain for maintenance. Whilft their indi- viduaU fquandered their riches, the flate grew parfimonious, and began u fave in thofe articles on which they cannot be too profufe, — Was it our bufinefs to awake or aroufe I •M I' ( 8 ) aroufe them from their lethargy ? Yet we did it, and the confequence is obvious. We have taught them to believe a real truth. They cannot Jircngthen themfehes too much hy fea or land. This is a refolution we never thought of. This may be fatal to us ; fof the longer we carry on the war, the more their effeminacy will wear off, and theif ancient fpirit and courage revive. They will not have more wealth, but they will have more wifdom. The military virtues and the manly exercifes may become fa- fhionable, and the nation which feemed immerfed in debauchery and corruption, may think ferioufly, and be once mord, what it has often been, the terror of Eu- rope. This is not an unnatural fuppolition. They eaflly glide from one extreme to an- other. It is their natural temper, and their whole hiftory is one continued proof of it. " War may empty their coffers in part, but will add ftrength to their body politick 5 and that ftrength will foon refill thofe cof- fers with large intereft : whilft we ex- hauftour wealth, without any hope of re- gaining it by trade, which we can fcarcc carry on but by privateers. " Charles the Xllth of Sweden difci- plined the Ruffians. France has taught policy to the Spaniards as well as to the Engliili. She has taught them the truth of their -.3 ..Jtpr m more theiir rhey ' will irtues Ic fa- lemed [ption, mor6, f Eu- ifition. to ari- d their of it. n part, Utick 5 fe cof- Ive ex- of re- fcarcc difci- taught to the truth of their (9) their bid maxim, peace with England. ^heir fagacious minifters have turned the tide of commerce into their own ports, of ivhich we are but too fenfible. ** Our paft condud: has, to all intents and purpofes, really united Scotland to England. T'he former abounds in good officers and hardy foldiers. It even fur- iiifhes numbers for the Tea, for their ma- riners increafe by the vaft increafe of their trade. Theit commerce ftrengthens that of England, by opening more channels for the entrance of wealth, which Infenfibly finds its way to the heart of the kingdom, and from thence diffufes iifelf into every pirt. " This was a fatal blow to the intereft of France, and is now irreparable : but even this is trivial to what we fhould fuffer if England fhould behave in the fame tnanner to the large and fertile kingdom of Ireland. What fhould we fay, if partiality and prejudice fhould fubfide, and, that kingdom be viewed in a jufl light, and made a proper and natural ufe of ? A con- tinuation of the war will drive England into that expedient^ If fhe fhould grant it the fame liberty in trade as to Scotland, its commerce would extend, and a great ad- dition be thereby made to the power and wealth of England, who would then have Q docks • !ll \ ( 10 ) docks on the weft of that ifland, and fleets there ready in a moment for any expedition. She would then deftroy our woollen manu- fadures (which at prefent hurt her's) as it would then be impoffible to obtain mate- rials. She would then furnifli the Irifh with the means of afTifting her, and all this at the expence of France. " The general weaknefs and fupinenefs that for ever attends immoderate wealth and luxury, hides from the Englifh the knowledge of their own ftrength, real power, and true intereft. Sufter them not to relapfe into virtue and underftanding. Plunge them not to deep into difficulties, and they will never emerge from folly into real wifdom. " Give them peace ; and they will foon return to their amufements of elcdrions, party and fadlion. " Give them peace ; and their navy will once more be laid up to rot, and their fea- men and artificers once more be turned over to us. " Give them peace ; and we fhall not fear the defcdion of allies^ which will ruin our prefent fyftem. ** Give them peace 5 and they will never think of fchemes for increafing their people, or for making every part of their domi- «ions of real ufe to every other. Purfuc ance will never be exhaufted, till Spain is cut off from all her refources in i^merica j therefore Spain, as well as France, ought to be vigoroufly attacked in every quarter of the globe, be- fore any terms of accommodation are ever thought of : for " this is the time; let us, crudi the whole Houfe of Bourbon*." Our deets and armies are in the higheft fpirits, , C 2 aa4 * Mr. Pitt's words in the council, when he ftrongly urged the neceffity of a war with Spain — words Ut^t ojjght to be engraved in letters of gold. ■A ■■ I i ( 12 ) tnd widi for nothing fo ardently as tp gra- tify their refentnrients, by conquering their idands and fettlements, and feizing their treafures. It is a noble third, which nor thing but the very obje^s theiiifeives ought to quench ; and mull be pompletely doqe, in order to fecure us from future danger, or in a few years wp (hall have another war. As the French miniftry have long made it clearly manifeft that they never had any thing but linifter vjews in all the negociations for peace hitherto fet pn foot, it beconies the duty of all honed men to join in de-: feating their purpofes, by refufing, as wclj to offer terms, as to liften to any that may be offered, till they are fo exhaufted in both riches and flrength as to be no longer for- midable, and confequently no longer dan- gerous. As there is more of diftrul): than ifince- tity to be expedled from our enemies, have we not reafon to fufped that there is fomc view for fetting on foot this negociation ? that it is done with a deiign to accomplifl^ a ceffatipn of arms for a limited time ? or, at lead, to make us relax in our meafures j to call home our fleet, in order to furnidi aji opportunity fcr the Spanidiregider-diips, and French St. Domingo men, to get fafe into their ports ? by which the coffers of .va ¥ ( 13. ) vtheir refpedivo ^courts will be replenl/hed i and, as foon as that is done, the ji-egociatioa is to break off, and the recru'^ed enemies, to reward us by the moft vigorous efforts for our folly and credulity? That this fcheme is not unlikely to be their principal aini every candid Englifhman will alfow ; then let us think about means for defeating it : at lead let us think it is fo, and be pro- vided for the worft. Let a fpirit of pa- triotifm and emulation awake the people .with a true fenfe of the fuppofeid approaching danger, and let them prefent dutiful and becoming ad^refles tp the throne, on the importance pf our conquefts, and the great neceflity of keeping them ; foUicit the par- ament'5 being convened ^ and, like a free people who value their privileges and pro- perties, inft^^d: their reprefentatives on thefe invaluable concerns. Thefe are the only means tp rouze the great into fear. Let us* remember the fpirit of former times, and conduct ourfelves by wife and animating ex- amples. It is a merit in times of public |danger to exert purfelves in defence of our country : the Romans took a pride in it. There are inftrudions Aill extant, which were given by the eledlors of the county of Merioneth, to William Vaughan, Efq; their reprefentative jn the year 1742, which are writtep in a trpe EngUJJj Jpirit^ and worthy ■ -J ( H ) worthy of prefent imitation 5 therefore it may not be amifs to prefent them to the reader, To William Vaughan, Efg-, Reprefen-* tative of the County of Merioneth. TX7E the freeholders of the county of ^^ Meric :th take this occafion to put you in mind, that we, who eleded you to reprefent us in parliument, without any other motive, without any influence whatfoever, except the good Opinion we had conceived of your Integrity, and of your love for your country, think we have a right to expedt that you (hould attend the duty of that trufl, which you have taken upon you. We conceive. Sir, that you are bound by all the ties that can engage an honeft man, to attend it at all times -, but that there is more than ordinary reafon to be watchful at the pre- fent juncture, when (by fome tranf^' acftionsj we have reafon to apprehend that attempts will be made which can have no confequence but to increafe our grievances. ** We hope, Sir, that no private engage- ment, no family - interells, will prevail upon you, or any gentleman, to keep from thp place where the abfence of one boneft c CC CC CC CC CC "'Sfe ft- cc us a fafe, honourable, and lading peace ! The REPORTED preliminary articles* of the approaching treaty, are The Englidi tu huve all Canada, and the fcttlcments at the back of the Carolinas and Georgia, extending weflward to the river Mifliflippi, which is to be the boundary, according to VaudreuiN map-^. The French to have a fifhery on the banks of Newfoundland, in the fame man- ner as before the war, and, it is faid, to be given the ifland of Sable to dry their fidi on. — Likewife to have a fettlemcnt on the weft fide of Newfoundland, for drying, &c.' Martinico * . ' ' * Although it is reported (and I hope there is no other foundation but report) that thefe are the terms j yet, !• am pcrfuaded, there is no horieft Englifhmair who will give credit to them, till he hears it from better authority. f Vaudreuil, was Governor of Montreal, and had feveral curious maps of the country drawn there— —^ Qi^iere, as thofe maps were drawn by a PVenchman, are they not very falic ? T fee his crland, \\y de- himfelf \ army, French is ; and, a trade, i lafting icles* of , and the linas ana the river loundary, y on the me man- aid, to be ir fifii on. n the weft Martinico there is no : the terms j Englilhmanr it from bcttct eal, and had n there. '• , Frenchman, I (19) Martinico, Guadalupe, Marigalante, and St. Lucia, to be reftored to the French.— Tobago, and the reft of the Meutral Iflands, to be ceded to Great- Britain. The affairs of the Eaft- Indies are to be put on the fame footing as agreed en with M. Bufly laft year. Minorca to be ceded to the Englidi, and Bclleifle to the French. Senegal to remain with the Englifli, and Goree to be reftored. The Havannah, if taken, to be reftored to the Spaniards. On thefe fuppofed articles (the moft ex- traordinary that could be ever thought of, even if we were in a ftate of bankruptcy) I (liall make fome remarks, tending to (hew the importance of thofe places we are faid to reftore, and the low eftimation in which all fenfible men hold thofe we" retain ; for to difcufs a point fairly, however interefting to a King and People, is a privilege to which an Engliftiman is yet entitled -, and 1 am by no means for abufing it. 7y5^ EngUfh to have all Canada^ and tbefettlemetkts at the back of the Carolinas and Georgia^ extending ijcejiward to the river Mijftjfippi^ which is to be the boundary. D 2 The ( 20 ) The retention of Canada Is principally coniidered, as being the iirft objed: of the war, and the fecurity naturally derived from our poffeirion of it, to the Indian tribes at the back of our northern provinces j but it fliould likewife be confidered, that it is a country too fharp for Engliflimen to live in. It is exce/Tive cdd, and inacceflible half the year, and many parts of it very barren; ana taking ten years together, it does not produce provifions fufficient for its inhabi- tants, therefore it received fupplies from France. Its only valuable commodity i$ furs and ikins, and not enough of thofe to pay for the woollen and other manufactures from France ; therefore, in point or trade, it was rather a burden than profit to the French ; but ever fince the reign of King William, France entertained hopes from thence to be able to reduce and make her- felf mailer of our colonies, by a chain of forts at the back of our fettlements ; and this was the great reafon that (he fupported Canada : But we being now mafters of it, I will venture to fay that we fball not reap much advantage from it in point of com« merce ; its great value to us is, that our fer- tile colonies will enjoy peace and quiet, and be no more annoved from thence. The ipilly f the from bes at but it i is a ive in. e half arren ; es not nhabi- ; from dity i5 hofe to actures trade, to the f King s from ke her- hain of s ; and sported s of it, lot reap )f com- our fer- iet, and The f i 1 (21) The French to have ajijhery on the Banks of Newfoundlund in the fame manner a:; they had before the war\ and to he given the Ifland of Sable for drying their fjh on, Likewife to have a Settlement on the T'Fejl Side of Newfoundland for dryings &c. . This article will occafion great difputes ;. for in one part (the French to have a Jifiety on the banks of Newfoundland in the fame manner they bad before the ituir) it is allowed according to the treaty of Utrecht ; and in the latter part, the French fettlement is con- fined to the weflern fide only. The treaty of Utrecht ftipulates thus, " Jrt, XIII. " The ifland called Newfoundland, with the adjacent iflands, fhall from this time forward belong of right wholly to Britain : nor fhall the ,Mo(l Chriftian King, his heirs and fucceiTors, or any of their fubjeds, at any time hereafter, lay claim to any right to the faid ifland and iflands, or to any part of it, or them. Moreover, it fhall not be lawful for the fubjedts of Fiance to fortify any place in the faid ifland of Newfound- land, or to eredt any buildings there, be- fides flages made of boards, and huts ne- ceflary and ufu^il for drying of fifh ; or to ^efort to the faid ifland beyond the time ne,, ceflary ill I C' 22 ) ceffary for fifhing and drying of fifli; Bu^ it (hall be allowed to the fubjcds of France to catch fi(h, and to dry them on land, in that part only,' and in no other befides that^ of the faid ifland of Newfoundland, which ftretches fron^ the place called Cape Bona- vifta to the northern point of the faid illand j and from thence running down by the weftern fide, reaches as far as the place called Point Riche." The treaty of Utrecht thus allows the French a part of the ifland on the eaft and weft fides, as well as the northern extre- mity. The limits fixed by this treaty arc what we are to underftand by the words, a$ before the war. Perhaps it is meant, that the French fhall have (befides the liberty of drying their fi(h as abovementioned) ah adtual part of the territory of Newfound- land to eredt forts on, build towns, &c» To this very great advantage, it is faid, we give them the illand of Sable likewife to dry their fifli on : as this is an advantage which they never had before, is it intended that the French (hall increafe their fiihery, fince they require more land for drying their fifli on ? If . fo, we (hall foon be in a perilous condition'; for the French, by an increafe of their former fi(hery, will like- wife increafe their navy, as it will afford them great nup^bers of good feamen, to begin ^ France nd, in ;s thati which Bona- ifland ; 5y the ; place m the rad and I extrc- saty are ords, as It, that i liberty led) ah i^found- ns, &c, aid, we iwife to vantage ntended fifhery, drying 1 be in a by an ill like- 1 afford nen, to begin .^' '—■is I .■J'H' M ■■Sr? i ( 23 ) begia hoftilities afrefh in a few years j nay, even contend with us upon our own ele- ment. Is it in confideration of the Frencli ^elinquifhing Canada, that we are to give them the illand of Sable ? Or is it in confi- deration of their reftoring to us part of Newfoundland ?— To (hew the r^^/ impor- tance of the ifland of Sable, it may not be amifs to give adefcription of it. It lies in lat.44, 15 N. long. 59. 2 W. about 130 miles eafl from Halifax in Nova Scotia, and about 100 miles South from Louiibourg; it abounds with feveral fine fand hills, has ^ large lake in the middle, and Ic about 20 miles in length, and three in breadth. Ad- joining to it is a very large fifhing bank, called after its own name ', and contiguous to it are feveral other fiOiing banks, which extend along the coafl of Nova Scotia, and are not inferior to thofe of Newfoundland j and have this advantage, that the climate is by far more temperate than it is there j therefore the giving the enemy permiflion to cure their fifh here,, is not only granting them a very valuable nurfery for fea- men, which it is our immediate interefl to prevent as much as pofiiblej but it is doing great prejudice to our colony of Nova Sco- tia, which we have taken fuch pains iq rear and protedt, as there is the greatcft reafon to expedt, that foon after this cedure ' all '.'I i t Jh III ii ( 24 ) all their fifhery will beufurped by the enemy, and the roloiiy itfelf be encroached upon, ^nd infulted, in the fame manner, as was done immediately after the late treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Belldes, (hould they fortify this ifland, and they doubtlefs would, it would in a time of war be a great eye-fore to our harbour of Halifax j and though it has not ieither port or harbour at prefent, yet its fituation and ccaft will ad- mit of its becoming a neft of privateers to the great detriment of our trade. The only way to deal with the French nation is not to permit them to have an incl^ of ground near any of our North Aiperican Settlements. In a word, it is thp only way we can adt with fafety to ourfelves j and if this was not the fenfe pf the miniftry when they demolilhed Loulfbourg, what was it ^ernoliflied for ? Therefore Sable ought by all means to remain in its prefent cendi-^ tion. The French arc to enjoy, without this ifland, a more extenfive branch of the fifhery, with its conveniences, than they ought. It was faid when M. Buity was here, that nothing lefs than all 'North America, and the whole American fifhery, would fatisfy the people of this nation for the injuries they haye received. Have wc fince that time changed our inhabitants or our opinions ?— I hope neither. MarthncOy y the ached inner, 5 late (hould jbdcfs 1 great ; and )Our at n\\ ad- :eers to The idon is ncl^ of qerican ily way and if y when was it ght by cendi-r without nch of than [.' Buity r North fifhcry, tion for lave we :ants or U't'piico, ^■1 C 25 ) Martinico^ Guadalupe^ Mariga- lante^ and St, Lucia^ to be rejlored to the French.* Tobago a?ui the rejl of the neutral ijlands to be ceded to Great-Britain. The importance of Martiiiico will be ^^tn by its produce It makes ajinunlly about forty thoufhand hogfheads of wlilte fugar, and ten thoufand of brown, prodigious quantities of coffee, cocoa, and a good deal of cotton : it has an excellent harbour, to which all fliips repair in the hurricane feafon. St. Pierre is a very populous, large, and well-built town ; here it is that the produce of the French Windward IlUnds centers, and from whence they are all fur- nifhed with European goods, as well as the four Neutral Iflands. This ifland has ever been the terror of Barbadocs, Antigua, St. Kitt's, Nevis, and Montfenat ; and, if reftored, will bring us again in a future war. Guadalupe is extremely fruitful, and ca- pable of very great improvement; has a pretty good harbour at Point Petre, and has at prefent about feventy thoufand ne- groes: it is in light of Antigua and Mon- ferrat, to windv/ard of them, and not above twelve leagues ciiflance. The great wealth of it at the time we took it was unknown, E and (26) ^nd the folc motive of attacking it, (as ap- pears by the accounts publifhed by autho- rity) was, the deftroying the neft of pri- vateers, which continually infclled thofe feas, to the great annoyance, and almofl 'deftrudion, of the trade of our own iflands. It is furprifing, that now we arc in pofTef- lion of it, we fliould fo loon have forgot, in what view it was confidered when in the hands of the French. If Ave reflore this Dunkirk of America, moil probably we lliall repent it in another war. On the contrary, by keeping it we may not only annoy them by privateers at the beginning of a war, but in the courfe of it; the ifland may be of great utility in facilitating our enterprizes in thofe feas. It would have been much better for the nation this conqueft had never been made, than to re- flore it now ; for fince we have had the pofTeflion of it, the planters have been the chief gainers. They have fold their fugars and other produdls fo dear, and bought their negroes (o cheap, that it is computed they have nearly doubled their fortunes. If after this we fhould giv^ up the ifland to the French, fhould we not be in the fitu- ation of a jeweller, who having received a diamond in the rough, fhould return it beautifully polifhed, without requiring any contideration. The generous capitulation granted [as ap- autho- of pri' i thofe almoft iflands. pofTef- forgot, [1 in the ore this ibly we On the lot only eginning • it; the icilitating t would ition this lan to re- had the been the eir fugars 1 bought :omputed tunes. If ; iiland to the fitu- eccived a return it iring any pitulation granted ■H ( 27 ) granted to the inhabitants by General Bari rington, not only fecured that valuable % onqueft, but gained all their hearts, fo that at prefent they are in general extremely dif- pofed to become faithful fubjeds under fo mild and wife a government. jBy all ac- counts it appears, that the annual produce of this iiland is not lefs than 66 or 70,000 hogfhcads, value 20/. each, befides very conliderable quantities of coffee, cotton, Gocoa and ginger, which will employ, at a moderate computation, 4 or 500 /hips to bring home, including the negro trade, and be a nurfery for at leaft 5000 men. TheCuftom-Houfe books will confirm this calculation. Marigalante is as large as Antigua, and produces a great deal of tobacco and coffee. St, Lucia is one of the Neutral Iflands, and not above four or five leagues diftant from Martinico, and has the befl harbour of all the Windward Iflands, .and therefore clalims our greatefl attention, fince in all our iflands we have not a fingle harbour, St. John's at Antigua excepted. This iiland grows a great deal of coffee and cocoa. It is computed that the iflands compre- hended in this article make annually at leail one hundred thoufand hogfheads of white and brown fugar, the duty of which would be 600,000/. a year, if we ketp thole £ 2 iflands. (28) iflands. Their coffee, cocoa, cotton, and rum, would amount to as much as their fugar ; and it could be eafily made appear, that thcfe illands would pay at lead one million a year revenue; and this would pay half the intereflofall the money borrowed the whole war, befide the amazing trade it would occalion to the kingdom. The Neutral Iflands which we are to have are St. Vincent, St. Domingo and To- bago, all places of very little importance, and efpecially the latter; of which a French merchant faid, if any pcrfon was to offer him a thoufand pound in one hand and Tobago in the other, he would take the money. , 'The affairs of the Eafl-Indies are to befut on the fame footing as agreed on with M. Buffy lajlyear*. The Eaft- India Company ought to de- termine whether this is for their intereft or not \ — Obfcrve, Pondicherry was taken fince. Minorca fjallbe ceded to the En- glijh^ and Belleijle to the French. It would be much better for Great- Bri- tain if the French were to keep Minorca ; '■ for * It is added, that the French are to have no fettle" meats on the eaft iide of the Ganges. m T ( »9 ) for while we had it, our fleets in the Me- diterranean did nothing but lie in the har- bour of Mahon, under fome excufc of ca- reening, watering, ^c. Now we have il not, they muft of neccffity keep out at fea 5 and perhaps it is owing to this neceflity, that Du Quefne and De La Clue were taken. Belleifle is of the fame importance to us as Minorca is to the French \ viz. an cxpence to keep it. Senegal to remain with the Englijh^ and Goree to be rejlored. Pity all the other articles were not •quallyas equitable. TTdc Havannah^ if taken^ to bi rejiored to the Spaniards, Why? — Why not an equivalent for this reftoration ? Would the Spaniards, if they had taken Jamaica, have reflored it, unlefs we had given them Gibraltar, or fome other place as valuable ? — The Spaniards forced us into a war with them on account of their family-compadt, and they ought to pay for it. The reftoration of the Havannah with- out an equivalent will exQte great difgufts, efpecially as it is probable it has, or will coft us de^r. Its importance has been too re- cently ufhefed into the world* to need any farther explanation here. ^ Not • Vide Gazetteer, Au^uft 30. 7 '!' I ij t * i ( 30 ) Not a word is reported to have been faiti about Louifana,northe family compadt, tho* objects of the utmoft importance 5 nor of Germany, whichl fuppofc is left to (hift for' itfclf, notwithftanding the late defeat of the Hereditary Prince of Brunfwicj which I am afraid will go well nigh towards fruflrating our fucceilcs there this campaign ; as the confequence will not only be the jundion of the French armies, but will give new vigour to their troops ; — and perhaps be not without its influence on the negociatioa of our fuppofed approaching peace. Such is the great importance ofthejupfofed articles of our future peace, which I per- fuaded can never be the true ones,* becaufe I cannot believe there is any inducement on our fide to the making of them : neither do I believe that Our rulers are fo deflitute of all fenie of the national honour and interefl. Now fuppofing thefe are to be the articles (for all the way, I have nothing more tiiar* fuppofed it) what have we been fighting for? — Canada and Sengall — Where then is the bcneiit of making war if we are to re- turn almoft all that we take ? We had much better never put ourfelves to expence nor hazard of our lives, in attempting to conquer any thing, if it is to be reftored. Are the millions of the nation to be fquandered away without any advantage made of them, and the lives of men facrificed, and innumerable families * I am glad to find it is reported that the real and true articles have not tranfpired out of the cabinet. ■iv •:*: n faid :t,tho* nor of lift for' of the ill am Irating as the indtton c new ap8 be )ciatioa fuppofed , I per- becaufe lent on ither do itute of intereft, articles re tiiari ngfor? then is e to re- el much :nce nor conquer Are the ed away jm, and mcrablc families le rWand cabinet. ( 3' ) families ruined, only to acquire an empty name of glory ? If this is to be the cafe, when at any time hereafter we break with the enemy, we ought only to a^ on the defenfive ; and inflead of attempting to tak« any of their places, only take care of our own ; it would be great faving to the nation» and jfhew figns of forefight and prudence. By renouncing our conquefts we renounce the very means for paying off our national debt : what then will our pofterity fay of \x% for entailing upon them fuch a grievous burden of mifery ? Will they not curfe the folly of their anceftors ? and will they not blacken us with appellations, which can be then no crime to pronounce ? and confidcr our dailardly reported reafon for making peace (at this critical time when there are fo many profpeds of more advantages, whereby as well as by our prefent conquefts . the debt might in a great meafure be paid) as an infamy that never can be wiped off^ 'viz, " That we are undone ; we cannot ** raife money to fupport the war another *' year, and therefore muft naake fuch a " peace as our enemies will adihit ?" — If the French were in our cafe and we in theirs, they would not grant.usfuch terms. Let thofe who aflert the above reafon. for making peace confider, that as long as we have a Patriot King there can be no fear of raifing Vvhat fupplics are ncceffary to fupport the war war ; and of our being able to compel our enemies to the ncceflity of accepting fuch % peace, as a Britifh King fhall think reafon- able to give. This, and this only can fix our (ecurity for EVER on a firm bails. Let us but follow the blows already given to our enemies, and there will in a (hort time be the faired expedtation, not only to get out of all difficulties, but to re- duce their dangerous power within due li- mits for a long time to corner Nothing but our own impatience can hinder us now from what they prevented once before, by the fame arts, in a parallel conjundture. Let any man lay his hand upon his heart and fay if (after the approaching peace is made on the terms as they are reported) we are ever to exped, or can always avoid ^ war with France? — And when he has anfwered, that the growth and ambition of the French power, her breach of treaties, her rival- (hip in trade, the natural antipathy and jealoufy of the two nations, muft bring it unavoidably upon us in a fliort timej let him then coiiilder whether there can be any fenfe left in the people of England, if they are not earnestly defirous to pu{h on the pre- fent war with the utmoft vigour, now we ftand in a fituation in which we can hardly hope to find ourfelves again, in order to ef- fe(ltually humble our enemies^ and compel them npcl our g fuch a. rcafon- i fix our • already v\\\ in a ion, not at to rc- 1 due li- Nothing : us now sfore, by junfture. his heart peace is 3rtcd) we 3 avoid a 1 he has ibition of f treaties, antipathy nuft bring time; let :an be any d, if they )p the pre- ■, now we can hardly rder to ef- nd compel them (33) them to grant us better terms for the fecurity of our future happinefs ? In a word j as we have had a fucccfsfal war, can there be any txcufe for making a bad peace ? Has it appeared that there is a want of either money or fpirit to carry on the war ? And, is not a peace at this time (when we have rcafon to cxpedt many con- quefts) repugnant to the general fenfe of the people of England ? — Remember the peace of Utrecht! FINIS.