WkM ^^ \r ^ ^^..1 > v IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ V '^S ^ !^^ J ^ 1.0 I.I 121 6" I^iotDgraphic Sdenoes Corporation ^^ a ^RfRS I MAIN STRliT Writ;niR,N.Y I4SM (7?* •7;i-4903 A Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes tachniquaa at bibllographiquaa The Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avallabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. D D D D D Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur I I Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagte Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataurAa at/ou palliculte Cover titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gtegraphlquaa an coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (I.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured platea and/or iiluatrationa/ Pianchea at/ou iiluatrationa en couleur Bound with other material/ RellA avec d'autrea documenta Tight binding may cauae ahadowa or diatortlon along interior margin/ La re liur. ^arr^e peut cauaar de I'ombre ou de la diatortlon la long de la marge IntArieure Blank iaavea added during reatoration may appear within the text. Whenever poaaible. theae have been omitted from filming/ II ae peut que certainea pagea blanchea ajoutiea lore d'une reatauration apparalaaant dana la texte, mala, loraqua cela 4tait poaaible. cea pagea n'ont paa At* filmtea. Additional commenta:/ Commentairea auppMmantalrea: L'Inatltut a microfilm* la meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a *t* poaaible de ae procurer. Lea d*taila de cet exemplaire qui aont peut-Atre uniquea du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dana la mAthoda normale de filmage aont indiqute ci-deaaoua. I I Coloured pagea/ n Thia item la filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document eat film* au taux de rMuction indiqu* cl-deaaoua. Pagea de couleur Pagea damaged/ Pagea andommag*ea Pagea reatored and/oi Pagea reataurtea at/ou pellicul*ea Pagea diacoloured, atained or foxei Pagea d*color*e8, tachattea ou piqu*ea Pagea detached/ Pagea d*tach*e8 Showthrough> Tranaparance Quality of prir Qualit* in*gale de I'impreaalon Includes aupplementary materii Comprend du mat*ii (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V Imaoning "END"), whichavar applias. Un das symbolas suivants apparaitra sur ia darniira imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la cas: la symbols — ^ signifia "A SUIVRE". la symbols V signifia "FIN". Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly included in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams iilustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, planchas. tablaaux. ate. pauvant Atre filmte A das taux da reduction diffArants. Lorsqua la docurnant ant trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul clichA. il ast filmA A partir da I'angla supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droite, at da haut an bas. mn pranant la nombra d'imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant ia mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 f'<^- t' 'x ■ - ^ , -t? >i -"i: •« • ^1 A /. »'v'-r" .r» 4p s - 1^' ft -' .■■' t K*f* 4. 4 f r ..»y' 5 '. .."^e-:^ AUfQLO-ASIAN INTUBCOUSSS VIA GREAT BRITAIN IN THE WESTERN SEMI8PSERE. PUftTHBE EXPOSITION 0* SIE KICHAED BROUNS FOR DIRECT ANGLO-ASIAN INTERCOURSE Bir ROUTE OF BfilTISH NORTH AMERICA AND THE MONARCHICAL SETTLEMENT OF THE VACANT TERRITORY BKTWEKN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCi^ANS. " IS IT NOTHIHO TO BRITAIN THAT TO HBK SWAT HAS BEEN COHHITTBD AN EMPIRB ON WHICH THE SUN NEVER SETS, AT THAT PBECISB PERIOD AT WHICH SOIBNTiriO DISCOVERIES HAVE WON THEIR LATEST TRIUMPHS OVER 6PACB AND TIMB?" LONDON : EDWABD 8TANF0BD, 6, CHABING CEOSS. 1854. ,^'i % I 6i>^6: CONTENTS. PAGE I.— Origin of the Project . . ' ■ • • ^ II.— First Prospectus of IJnilway, and Ur. Kolpli's Letters, 22nd January and 6th July, 1845 . . • • ^ III.— Summary of Occurrences relative to the Railway, from 1845 to 1851 . .... • •. • ^ IV.— Kxtvactsi from the American United States Press . • 8 A\— 11( ads of Bill for the Incorporation of a Company to make the liiiilway and Colonize the vacant Crown Lands over which it will pass . . • • ' .J VI.— Emigration Statistics from 1845 to 1854; Extracts from Sir John Hervcy's Speech of 1847, and the Hon. G. R. Young's Article on the Railway . • • • ^^ VII.— Conclusion . . . '13 y Mivjor Wo- hiiiHon anci Captain Hcnderflon in ISlTniul IS-l^t, ami their Report — the most valuable eonipilation on the soil, clinmle. nnd repoinn s of New Scotland in its ancient limita over muilo — was printed by her Majesty's command, in 1841), for the information of both lloiist's of Parliament ; — 7. The respective Colonial Assemblies passed first resolutions and afterwards Facility Acts in favour of the sclienn npreeing to vcHt in the Company that shall be incorporated for tlio construction of the work all the vacant Crown lands over which the Railway may pass to the extent of ten miles on cither side of the line, together with an annual grant for twenty yeai-s of l;20,0()() from each province — making £(50,000 per annum — towards the dividend on the capital invested ; — 8. The presentation, in difl'crent sessions, of Petitions to both Houses of Parliament from Sir liichard Broun praying for Committees on the subject, with a view to carry- ing out the scheme as an imperial measure ; and, finally, the adop- tion of stops by the Provinces south of the St. Lawrence, to con- struct the portions of the Railway lying within their own bounds. Within the ion years of multifarious labour imderf{one by Sir Richard Broun in raising and carrying foi-ward the standard of this mighty cause, he has received promises of support for it from suc- cessive Admip.istrotions ; the leading Statesmen, whether Libeial or Conservative, in both Houses of Parliament, have viewed it favourably; the chief organs of public opinion of all shades of politics have cordially advocated it ; and both at home and in the Colonies men of enlarged views have spoken, written, and published addresses, articles, pamphlets, and volumes on the topic sufliciently numerous if collected and bound up to form an extensive library. Further, pari passu with these movements, the rival enterprise started by Mr. Whitney (of which some notices follow, and which was first heard of in this country some months posterior to the promulgation of Sir llichard Broun's project) has received the sup- S)rt of nineteen different States of tne American Union ; whilst n ill to incorporate a Company to carry it out was introduced into Congress in June last, and advanced some stages preparatory to its being finally dealt with in December. Under these circumstances, the time may be considered to have arrived when an united and vigorous effort ought to bo made by the Press and the people of this country to urge upon both Houses of Parliament during the course of next session the policy and ne- cessity of passing a measiire to incorporate the Promoters of Sir Bichard Broun's project, with authority to them as a Company, to exercise colonising powers equivalent to those which were delegated by the Crown to the Scottish Baronetage in 1625, and which were ratified and approved by the Estates of Scotland in Parliament ttiit»embled in tne years 1630 and 1633. Before proceeding to develop the heads of a Bill for this purpose, it may be proper to remind the British public, whose attention to matters in the West has been diverted by the war in the East, that about a twelvemonth ago the New York correspondent of the Times wrote to say that Mr. Whitney's scheme was then exciting a very general interest through the lengtli and breadth of the rinited States. " It is," said he, " the theme of universal discus- " sion in conventions, state legislatures, and public bodier) of every " description. Information on the subject is read with avidity, and "the Federal Gorernmont has taken hold of the matter with " earnestness. Since all doubt is now removed about the early " construction of this great continental highway, which is destined " to effect in a greater or leaser degree the fortunes of every civil- *' ized nation, it has grown into favour with all sections and parties. " Nobody is opposed to it — everybody says it must and shall be " made. It has become the hobby of demagogues, and is working " in the brain of statesmen. Everybody wants some share in the " glory of the work, everybody is disposed to help it along. The " last Congress, under the pressure ot public opinion, appropriated " 100,000 dollars for the survey of three distinct routes to the Pacific " — all lying between the British possessions on the north, and tlio "States of Mexico on the south. The writer then proceeds to state that the prevailing opinion then was that a Company would be formed, with power to raise 1(X),000,0(X) dollars (the estimated cost of the road), the various States through which it will pass giving liberal donations of the public domain. The revenues from the traffic on this route would, it is calculated, be very great. " If only " the same number of passengers," continues the writer, " went " over it as now regularly cross the Isthmus to and from California, " at 200 dollars per head, it would give the road an income of from " 40,000,(X)0 dollars to 50,0(X),000 dollars per annum. But the freight " business would be incalculable. The commerce of the Pacific Ocean " and the Eastern Asiatic world would flow through this new channel. "New York would be brought within twenty days of Canton — " nearer than England can ever be. It is thought, too, that so vast " would be the influence upon the commerce of Europe, it would " not only affect the business now done by the Cape of Good Hope, " but perhaps in the end change the channels of European and " Asiatic commerce. Be this as it may, the Pacific railroad, if it is " ever completed, seems likely to affect the business of the entire "world." So much from this authority : but further back on the 27th of March, 1851, an article appeared in the Neio York Tribune, which, after adverting to Mr. VYhitney's idea as one of a vaster and more inspiring enterprise than the political and industrial world had ever before attempted, states : — " The route through British America is " in some respects even preferable to that through our own territory. " By the former the distance from Europe to Asia is some thousand " miles shorter than by the latter. Passing close to the northern " shore of Lake Superior, traversing the water shed which divides "the streams flowing towards the Arctic Sea from those which " have their exit southward, and crossing the Rocky Mountains at " an elevation some 3000 feet less than at the Soutn Pass, the rail- " way could here be constructed with comparative cheapness, and " would open up a region abounding in valuable timber and other " natural products, and admirably suited to the growth of grain "and grazing. Having its Atlantic sea-port at Halifax, and its " Pacific dep6t near Vancouver's Island, it would inevitaljly draw " to it the commerce of Europe, Asia, and the United States. Thus " British America, from a mere colonial dependency, would assume "a controlling rank in the world ; to her other nations would be " tributory ; and in vain would the United States attempt to be her " rival, for we could never dispute with her the possession of the " Asiatic commerce, or the power which it confers. But the matter " reaches beyond the suggestions of national interest, and has a "wider scope than the mere sentiment of patriotism. We had '"k^. N- M 9 17* \ " hoped that this ficpublie might make the easy effort necessary tn " grasp a prize so magnificent, but wo shall hail with satisfaction " the actual conimcnccment of such a work wherever and by " whomsoever it is undertaken." The Pennxt/lvania Iiiquiret' of tlio 4th of April following, cites thn above remarks, and then adds — " Wo hope that this golden, niug- " nificent opportunity of the United States to take and hold for ** ever the greatest prize ever ofl'orod, or which can ever again be "offered to any nation, is not so far gone — is not sacrificed without " hope of recovery. But the prospect, we confess, is a gloomy one. " On the 3lHt Congress will devolve this great reproach — this fearful " responsiijility. A bill for the Whitney liAiLKOAU was reported " to both Houses, and a majoritv, as understood, was ready to pasi " it. But the chance was not afforded, and hence nothing was done. "Great Britain has only waited for this failure in the American " Congress. Already funds have been obtained there at three-und- "a-half per cent, to make tlio railroad from Halifax to Quebec and " Montreal. From (Quebec and Montreal the route to I'uget's " Sound is a straight line, feasible, making the distance from EngTand " to China 1500 miles shorter than over the United St ,i : os. We have " postponed if not sacrificed the most splendid <^p(