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o>*tjt> j'V vVv^N
THE
COUES CHECK LIST .
OF
North American Birds.
SECOND ElUTION,
Brbteety to IBate, ani) entirelg i^ctsrittcn, unlicr Bircctton of ttie ^utijor,
WITH A DICTIONARY OK THE
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lit*
ETYMOLOGY. ORTHOGRAPHY, AND ORTHOEPY
OF illE
SCIENTIFIC NAMES,
THE CONCORDANCE OF PREVIOUS LISTS, AND A CATALOGUE OF HIS
ORNITHOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS.
BOSTON:
ESTES AND LAURIAT.
1882.
^l-'^''/7.C'6
J
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• • • • •
t <
• • <
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ft t
••••
Copyright, 188S,
By ESTES AND LaURIAT.
University Press:
John Wilson anu Son, Camdhid(;u.
INTRODUCTION.
In 1873, shortly after the publication of the author's " Key to North American
Birds," appeared the original edition of this " CMieck List," which was almost imme-
diately reissued in connection with the same writer's " Field Ornitiiology," in 1874.
That list reflected the classification and nomenclature of the "Key" with much
exactitude, although it included, in an Ap|)cndix, a few species additional to those
described in the " Key," and made son.e slight changes in the nanu's. Excepting
some little comment in foot-notes and in the Ai)pendix, Ihe original "Check List"
was a bare catalogue of scientific and vernacular names, printed h» thick type on one
side of the paper.
Meanwhile, the science of Ornithology has progressed, and our knowledge of
North American birds has increased, both in extent and in precision, until the orig-
inal list, faithful as it was at the time, fails now to answer the i)urpose of adequately
reflecting the degree of perfection to which the subject has been brought. A new
edition has therefore become necessarj'.
The list has been revised with the utmost care. The gratifying degree of accu-
racy with which it represented our knowledge of 1873 is exhibited in the fact, that
it is found necessary to remove no more than ten names. On the other hand,
the progress of investigation has resulted in adding one hundred and twenty names
to the list, and in showing the necessity or exi)ediency of making many changes
in nomenclature. The exact analysis of the differences between the two lists is
given beyond.
In revising the list for the main jnirpose of detemining the ornithological sfatns
of every North American bird, the most scrupulous attention has been paid to
the matter of nomenclature, — not only as a part of scientific classification, deter-
mining the technical relations of genera, species, and varieties to each other, but
also as involved in writing and speaking the names of birds correctly. The more
closely this matter was scruthiized, the more evidences of inconsistency, negligence,
F
4
INTRODUCTION.
or ignorance were discovered in our habitual use of names. It was tlierefore
dctcrniinvd to submit the current catalogue of North American birds to a rigid
examination, with reference to the spelling, pronunciation, and derivation of ever)'
name, — in short, to revise the list from a philological as well as an ornithological
standpoint.
The present "Check List," therefore, differs from the original edition in so far
as, instead of being a bare catalogue of names, it consists in a treatise on the ety-
mology, orthography, and orthoepy of all the scientific, and man}' of the vernacular,
words employed in the nomenclature of Noith American birds. Nothing of the sort
has been done before, to the same extent at any rate ; and it is confidently expected
that the information given here will prove useful to many who, however familiar
they may l)e with the appearance of these names on paper, have comparatively little
notion of the derivation, signification, and application of the words ; and who
unwittingly speak them as they usually hear them pronounced, that is to say, with
glaring impropriety. No one who adds a degree of classical proficiency to his
scientific acquirements, be the latter never so extensive, can fail to handle the tools
of thought with an ease and precision so greatly enhanced, that the merit of ornitho-
logical exactitude may be adorned with the charm of scholarly elegance.
The purpose of the present " Check List" is thus distinctly seen to be twofold :
First, to present a complete list of the birds now known to inhabit North America,
north of Mexico, and including Greenland, to classify them systematically, and to
name them conformably with current rules of nomenclature ; these being ornitho-
logical matters of science. Secondly, to take each word occurring in such technical
usage, explain its derivation, significance, and application, spell it correctly, and
indicate its pronunciation with the usual diacritical marks ; these being purely
philological matters, affecting not the scientific status of any bird, but the classical
questions involved in its name.
In the latter portion of his task, which, as is always the cose when thorough work
of any kind is undertaken, proved to be more difficult and more protracted than had
been expected, and delayed the appearance of the list for nearly a year after the
ornithological portion had been practically completed, the author of the original list
has received invaluable assistance from Mrs. S. Olivia Weston-Aiken, who cor-
dially shared with him the labor of the philological investigation, and to whose
scholarly attainments he is so largely indebted, that it is no less a duty than a
pleasure to recognize the co-operation of this accomplished lady.
ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EDITIONS.
The original edition of the "Check List" ostensibly enumerates only 635 species
of North American Birds. This is owing to tiie fact that only full species are num-
bered, the many subspecies being given as a, b, &c., and some names being inter-
polated without corresponding numbers, both in the body of the list and in the
Appendix. By actual count there are found to be, in the body of the list, 750 ; to
which 28 are added in the Appendix : 750 + 28 = 778.
First, with regard to subtractions. It is in gratifying evidence of the general
accuracy of the original list, that it is found necessary to remove only ten (10)
names. Four of these arc extra-limital ; six are mere synonyms. The following
is the —
LIST OF SUBTRAHEND NAMES.
1. .aigiothiis fuscescens. Summer plumage of ^. linaria.
2. Centronyx ochrocephalus. Fall plumage of Passercidus bairdi.
3. Sphyropicus williamsoni. Male of S. thi/rofdes.
4. Lampornis mango. Extra-limital.
6. Agjrrtria linnaei. Extra-limital.
6. Momotus coeruleiceps. Extra-limital.
7. Ibis thalassina. Young of Ple(jadis <junrama.
8. Ardea wuerdemanni. Dicliromatism of ^. occiWrn^n//.'!.
0. Sterna " longipennis." Meaning 5. pikii Lawr. Young of S. macrura.
10. Podiceps cristatus. Extra-limital, as far as known.
On the other hand, the numerous accessions to the list are in no less gratifying
evidence of the progress of our knowledge. There are no fewer than one hundred and
twenty additions to be made. The large majority of these are bona fide species, and'
actual acquisitions to the North American list, being birds discovered since 1873 in
Texas, Arizona, and Alaska, together with several long known to inhabit Green-
land. It may be here remarked that although the Greenland Fauna has long been
usually claimed and conceded to be North American, yet the full list of Greenland
fw
t
ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EDITIONS.
li > ■
birds has never before • been formally incorporated with the North American, a8 is
done in the present instance. Aside from such additions, the increment is reprc-
Bcnted by species or (chiefly) subspecies named as new to science since 1873 ; by a
few restored to the list ; and by two imported and now naturalized sjKicics. 'I'iio
following is the full —
LIST OF ADDEND NAMES. [Continued on p. 10]
1 . Turdus migratorius propinquus. Since degcribcd by Ridgway. Western I'. 8.
2. Turdus lliacus. Greenland.
3. Harporhynohus ourvlrostris (verus). Restored. Arizona.
4. Oyaneoula sueoioa. Alaska.
5. Regulus satrapa olivaoeus. Recognized as a subspecies.
6. Parus rufescens neglectus. Since described by Ridgway. California.
7. Parus cinctus. Alaska.
8. Psaltriparus melanotis. Restored. Nevada. Arizona.
0. Catherpes mexlcanus (verus). Restored. Texas.
10. Thryothorus ludovloianus miamensis. Since described by Ridgway. Florida.
11. Anorthura troglodytes pacificus. Recognized as a subspecies.
12. Telmatodytes palustrls paludicola. Recognized as a subspecies.
13. Alauda arvensis. Greenland ;" Alaska ;" Bermudas.
14. Motacilla alba. Greenland.
15. Mniotilta varia borealis. Recognized as a subspecies.
1 6. Parula nigrllora. Since described by Coues. Texas.
17. Helminthophaga lawrencii. Since described by Ilerrick. New Jersey.
18. Helminthophaga leucobronchialis. Since described by Brewster. Mass.
1 9. Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis. Since described by Langdun. Ohio.
20. Peucedramus olivaceus. Arizona.
21. DendrcBca palmarum hypochrysea. Since described by Ridgway.
22. Siurus naevius notabilis. Since described by Grinnell. Wyoming.
23. Cardellina rubrifrons. Arizona.
24. Vireo flavoviridis. Restored. Texas.
25. Vireo solitarius cassini. Recognized as a subspecies.
26. Passer montanus. Naturalized.
27. Leucosticte atrata. Since described by Ridgway. Colorado.
28. Leucosticte australis. Recognized as a species.
29. Leucosticte tephrocotis litoralis. Recognized as a snbspeclea.
30. .^giothus linaria holboelli. Recognized as a subspecies.
31. .^giothus hornemanni. Greenland.
32. Astragalinus notatus. Restored. Kentucky.
33. Passerculus sandvicensls alaudinus. Recognized as a subspecies.
34. Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni. Since described by Allen. Illinois.
35. Peucaea aestivalis illinoensis. Since described by Ridgway. Illinois.
36. Peucaea ruficeps boucardi. Arizona.
37. Junco hiemalis annectens. Recognized as a subspecies.
38. Junco hiemalis dorsalis. Recognized as a subspecies.
39. Junco hiemalis cinereus. Arizona.
40. Passerella iliaca megp.rhyncha. Recognized as a subspecies.
41. Molothrus aeneus. Texas.
42. Sturnella magna rriexicana. Texas.
• " A Catalogue of the Birds of North America," by Robert Ridgway, in Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, pp.
16.3-246, published since the above was written, includes Greenland birds, together with various
Mexican species not yet found within our limits.
■i
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ANALYSIS OF rilE TWO EDITIONS.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
64.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
Icterus vulgaris, lit'stored. .South Curolina. ,
Quiscalus purpureus eeneus. Kucugnized um a MiibBp«>fiei.
Cyanocitta stelleri anneotens. Recognized ud ii muIisih-lkh
Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons. Sincu described by Kidgway. Alanka.
Sturnus vulgaris. Greenland.
Pitangus derbianus. Texas.
Myiodynastes luteiventris. Arizona.
Mylarchus erythrooercus. Texas.
Empidonax flaviventris difiioilis. Kestored. Western U. S.
Ornithlum imberbe. 'I'exas.
Nyctidromus albicollis. Texas.
Selasphorus alleni. Since (lesiTil)ecl by llenshaw. California.
Calothorax lucifer. Arizona.
Amazilia fusoicaudata. Texas.
Amazilia yucatanensis. Texas.
lache latirostris. Arizona.
Chordediles popetue minor. Florida.
Crotophaga sulcirostris. Texas.
Pious stricklandi. Arizona.
Scops asio maxwellae. Since described by Ridgway. Oilorado.
Scops trichopsis. Inserted on Kidgway's autliority. Arizona.
Strix cinerea lapponica. Recognized l)y Ridgway. Alasita.
Strix nebulosa alleni. Since described by Ridgway. Florida.
Surnla funerea ulula. Recognized by Ridgway. Alaska.
Speotyto cunlcularla florldana. Since described by Ridgway. Florida.
Astur atrlcaplllus strlatulus. Recognized as a subspecies. Western N. Am.
Falco sacer obsoletus. Recognized as a subspecies.
Falco Islandlcus. Restored. Greenland.
Falco sparverloides. Florida.
Buteo albocaudatus. Texas.
Urubltlnga anthraclna. Arizona.
Thrasyaetus harpyla. Texas.
Hallaetus alblcllla. (Jreenland.
Engyptlla alblfrons. Texas.
Coturnlx dactyllsonans. Naturalized.
Charadrlus fulvus (varus). Alaska.
Charadrlus pluvlalls. (ircenland.
.^glalltes hlatlcula. Greenland.
Vanellus crlstatus. (ireenland.
Haematopus ostrilegus. Greenland.
Galllnago media, (ireenland.
Arquatella couesl. Since described by Ridgway. Alaska.
Pelldna alplna (vera), (ireenland.
Actodromas acuminata. Alaska.
Llmosa aegocephala. Greenland.
Rhyacophllus ochropus. Nova Scotia.
Numenlus phaeopus. (Jreenland.
Ardea cinerea. Greenland.
Qrus canadensis (vera = fraterculus). Recognized.
Parra gymnostoma. Texas.
Rallus longirostrls saturatus. Since described by Henslmw. Louisiana.
Porzana maruetta. Greenland.
Cygnus ferus. Greenland.
Cynus bewickl. Restored. Arctic America.
I"*"
A^'ALySIS OF THE TWO EDITIONS.
V 1
! I
97. Anser albl&ons (verus). Greenland.
98.' Berniola brenta nigricans. Kecugnized a§ a lubgpeciei.
99. Somateria mollissima dresseri. Kecognized ai a subspecies.
100. Phaethon eethereus. Newfoundland.
101. Phalaorooorax violaoeus resplendens, Kecugnized aa a lubspecies. California.
102. Larus oaohinnans. Alaska.
103. Larus aiiinis. Greenland.
104. Larus oanus. Labrador.
105. CEstrelata bulweri. Greenland.
106. Podioipes auritus (verus). Greenland.
1 07. Braohjrrliamphus braohypterus. Restored. Pacific Coast.
108. Braohyrhamphus hypoleuous. California.
109. Braohyrhamphus oraverii. California.
110. Lomvla troile oalifornioa. Uecognized as a subspecies. California.
The original number of names, 778, minus 10, plus 120, gives the total of 888 of
the present edition of the " Check List." The number seems large, in comparison,
and I am free to confess that it includes some — some twenty or thirty, perhaps —
which m}' conservatism would not have allowed me to describe as valid, anc^ the
validity of which I can scarcely endorse. I have nevertheless admitted them lu a
place, because I preferred, in preparing a " Check List "for general purposes, lather
to present the full number of names in current usage, and let them stand for what
they may be worth, than to exercise any right of private judgment, or make any
critical investigation of the merits of disputed cases. Probably, however, there are
not more than thirty cases of birds retained in this list whose claims to be recog-
nized bj' subspccific names can be scrioush- questioned.
It should be observed, that the list is not yet to be regarded as finall}- filled.
Our southern border has proved so fruitful of Mexican species, that various others
douljtless remain to be there detected ; and several species described as Texan by
Giraud in 1841 remain to be confirmed. With the accessions that may reasonably
be expected, and under current usage in the discrimination of subspecific forms, the
list will probably in a few years contain about 900 names of birds occurring in
North America north of Mexico and inclusive of Greenland.
It is to be added here, that the present southern boundar\' of " North America"
is a political one, wholly arbitrar}- so far as natural Faunal areas are concerned. It
would be far more satisfactory, from a scientific standpoint, to ignore the present
political line, and construct the "North American" list upon consideration of the
limits of the " Nearctic Region " of Sclater and Baird. This would be to extend our
area along the table-lands and higher region of Mexico to about the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, but not so far in the tierras calientes of either coast of that countr}' :
on an average about to the Tropic of Cancer. Such course would give us the
natural instead of the political Omts of our country ; and I have no doubt that it
will some day be taken. A few Cape St. Lucas birds have been so long in the
"North American" Hst, that it is not thought worth while to displace tliem ; but
with these exceptions, it is not intended to include any speci(;s not known to occur
north of Mexico.
ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EDITIONS.
9
Aside froi . those modifications whicli affect tlie ornitliological or scicntiflc ttnhii
oftlie " C'lu'ck List," the changes in noinenelaturu are numerous antl in many cases
radical. Witliont counting merely literal changes in the spelling of words, nominal
clianges are made for one or another seeming good reason in upwards of l.>0 cases.
In probably not more than .'50 of these, however, is the ornithological status of any
l»ird modified ; the changes being simply nomcnclatural.
This portion of the subject is concluded with the following table, showing the
number of birds ascribed to North America by several authors who have published
complete lists from 1814 to the present year.
SUMMARY COMPARISONS.
Total of North American Birds given by Wilson in 1814
<4
ti
u
u
u
u
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<<
n
n
it
n
n
1(
((
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Bonaparte
" 1838 .
Bkewer
" 1840 .
AunrnoN
" 1844 .
Bauiu
" 1858 .
COUES
" 1874 .
RinuwAY
" 1880 .
CoUES
" 1882 .
28.3*
471 •
401
.'50<i«
744 1
778 1
024 }
88811
• Fide Baird : I liavc not made tlie count myself.
t The number ia ostensibly 7-J8 ; but b nunibers are duplieatcd in printing, and 1 species is not
numbered, ninkiuK 744; of wliich 22 are admitted to be extra-limital, but enumerated.
X Total of numbered species in the body of the Cheek List 0.J5; actual number of sper-ics and
subspecies 750; with 28 additional in tlie Appendix, making 778.
§ Total of iiuml)ereil species in the Catalogue 704 ; actual number of species and subspecies 024 ;
of which ;{7 are admitted to be extra-limital, f »r all that is known to the contrary ; and several
others do not ap|)ear to be fully established iiS North American.
1 Being the 778 of the orig. eti , minus 10 subtracted, ;</«« 120 added, = 888.
Note. Mr. Bidgway's Catalogue contains the following 52 names of birds which I do not admit
...c Check List, for reasons which may be inferred from the remarks set against each of them.
But the Mexican (not insular) species may all be expected over our border ; and the recognition o£
subspecies in some cases depends upon the perspective in which we may elect to view them.
1. ITarporhynchHs (jrai/soni. Extra-limital. Socorro Is., NW. IMexico.
2. Hcguliis ohsciints. Extra-limital. Guadalupe Is., Lower California.
3. lieguliiscuvicri. " Pennsylvania " (Audubon). Not since identified.
4. Pariis meridioiialis. Extra-limital. Mexico. Since found in Arizona.
5. Ceilliia familiaris merirana. Extra-limital. Mexico.
6. Salpinctes ohsolctiis guadnliipnisis. Extra-limital. Guadalupe Is.
7. T/iri/omanes brevicauda. Extra-limital. Guadalupe Is.
8. Troijlodiftps inmlaris. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
0. Panda pitiayumi insularis. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
10. Perissoglossa carbonata. " Kentucky " (Audubon). Not since idontifled,
11. Dendraca montana. "Pennsylvania " (Wilson). Not since i' <\ed.
12. Wilsonia minuta. "New Jersey " (Wilson). Not since ideni-.^d.
13. Sctophagaminiala. "Texas" (Giraud). Doubtless.
U. Ergaticus ruber. "Texas " (Giraud). Doubtless.
15. Basileuterus culicivorus. " Texas " (Giraud). Doubtless.
10
ANALYSIS OF THE TWO EDITIONS.
10. Dasileutenu belli. "Texas" (Giraud). Doubtless.
17. Laniua liidovicianus roliustus. " California " ((ianibel). Doubtful.
18. Progne suits crypldeuca. Florida. If recognized as distinut.
19. Euphonia elcijanlissima. " Texas" (Giraud). Doubtless.
20. Carpodacui purpureus call/ornicus. California. If recognized as distinct.
21. Car/Mdacus am/ilus. Kxtra-liniital. Guadalupe Is.
22. Cltondcstes grammictis strifjatus = grammicus.
2'3. Junco iiisularis. Kxtra-limital. Guadalupe Is.
24. Pipih maciilatiis consoMnus. Extra-limital. (iuadalupe Is.
25. Pipilo macuiulus carmnui. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
20. Passeriiia pnrelliiia. ' ra-liniital. Mexico. (Texas, doubtless.) '
27. Icterus wngleri. Extra .uital. Mexico.
28. Quiscahis palustris. "California" (Gainbel). " Louisiana? " (Ridgway). Dubious.
29. Aphchcoma tthramarina coiirhi. Extra-limital. Mexico.
30. Myiozetetes texensis. " Texas " (Giraud). Doubtless.
31. Empidonaxfalvifrons (verm). " Texas." (Giraud). Doubtless.
32. Paclii/rliiiwphus major. Extra-limital. Mexico.
33. Hadroslomus wjkike. Extra-limital. Mexico.
34. Picus villosus Icucomclas. NE. N. Amcr. If recognized as distinct.
35. Colaptrs . ..otus hybridiis. Intermediate specimens of unstable character.
30. Cohptcs riijipileiis. Extra-limital. Guadalupe Is.
37. Moiiiotiis cacrulehrps. Extra-limital. Mexico.
38. Ixhijnchopsittti pachip-hipirha. Extra-limital. Mexico.
39. Coniirus Imlochlorus hrrvipcs. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
40. Biilio ririp'nianiis siibarcticus. Wiscon.sin. If recognized as distinct.
41. liiilio rirfiinifiniis snliinitm. N. coast of N. A. If recognized as distinct.
42. Falro (lUiicjuhvis. E.x^ra-llmital. Mexico, and C. and S. Am.
43. yEmlon refiiilus. Extra-limital. " At sea, off Greenland, lat. 57° 41' N., long. ^o° 23' W.'
44. Tinnunculiis nhiudan'us. Extra-limital. " At sea, off Cape Farewell, Greenland."
46. Poh/liorus liitomis. Extra-limital. Guadalupe Is.
46. Diitro vulrjfin's. Michigan (Maynard). Identification in question.
47. Hutro liorralis nocorrocn.sis. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
48. Orcortyr picta phtmi/era. S. and L. California. If recognized as distinct.
49. Siila cyrinops. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
50. Siila piscator. Extra-limital. Socorro Is.
51. Diomcdea cuhninnlti. Extra-limital. "Off Columbia Uiver " (Audubon).
62. Lomvia arra brunnkhi. If recognized as distinct.
rOSTSCRII'T.
During the printing of the List, and since the preceding pages were stereotyped, the following
additions have been announced. They will be found at the end of the list, rait^ing the addend
names from 110 to 120, and the whole number from 878 to 888.
Parus meridionalis. Arizona.
Myiarchus crinitus cooperi. Arizona.
Antrostomus vociferus arizonae. Since described by Brewster. Arizona.
Buteo brachyurus. Florida.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
Buteo fuliginosus. Florida.
Eurinorhynchns pygmseus. Alaska.
Fulica atra. Greenland.
118. Fuligula ruflna. New York.
119. CEstrelata gularis. New York.
ISO. Ptafiinus borealis. Since described by Cory,
MassBchusettB.
[December, 1881.
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
$ 1. ETYMOLOGY, OR DERIVATION.
Etymology^ the «rv/ioA,oyi'a of the Greeks, consists in tracing tlie derivation of a
word back to the root from which it springs, exi)laining its formation, inflection, and
application, thereby more clearly illustrating its virtue or quality than can be done
i)y merely considering any one of the various meanings it may in time acquire.
Kor a good illustration of this definition, sec the word OirdinaUs.
The large majority of the scientific names of birds are Latin or Greek words, or
modern compounds of such, derived conformaljly to the rules for the construction of
classic terms. In general, therefore, it is easy to give the exact meaning of the
names in their original accei)tation, and to point out their applicability as terms
descriptive of the objects designated. On the whole, it has not been our design to
go beyond a good lixir definition of these Greek and Latin words, considering that all
practical purposes are thus subserved. Many of tiie classic words being themselves
derivatives, and the field of philological inquiry being boundless, it was necessary
to keep within certain limits ; and we have therefore seldom found it advisable, even
were it practicable, in a case like the present, to trace words back of their recog-
nized stems. Y'et there will be found in tlie present little treatise, it is believed,
much philological information of interest and actual value to all who desire to be
put at their ease in the use of tiie Greek and Latin names of birds.
Many pure Greok or Latin names of birds known in classic times have been
transferred in ornithology, in a wholly arbitrary maimer, to totally ditferent species.
Thus tiie Tiochilui of the ancients was an Egyptian Plover ; in ornithological nomen-
clature, it is a genus of American Humming-birds. So also, many jiroper names,
and many of the epithets which classic writers were so fond of bestowing, liave been
adopted as generic or specific names of birds, with little reason or with none, except
the will of the namer. The genus larhe has no more to do with the Greek battle-
cry than the name of Smith or Brown has to do with trade or color.
r
i
12
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
1' I
: 1
The remaining names, i ot classic in origin, are a miscellaneous lot not cas}- to
characterize tersel}'. Many arc modern geographical or personal names in Latin
form; as, wilsom, genitive case of Alexander Wilson's name, Latinized Wilsonun ;
or wilsoniamis, an adjectival form of the same ; americana for American ; hitdson-
icus, after the tcrritor}' named for Henry Hudson ; noveborucensis,, which is liter-
ally, inhabiting New York. Some others are post-classic, or late Latin, thoiigli in
perfectly good form; and there are more of these, we find, tlian is generally sup-
posed. Not a few are wholly barbarous, as Pyranya, Guiraca; and some of these, as
cheriway, wurmizusume, are barbarous in form as in fact. Some arc monstrous
combinations, like Embernagra from Emberiza and Tanagra, or Podilymbus from Podi-
ceps and Colymbus. Some are simply Latin translations of vernacular names ; as,
Pirffinus anglorum, the puffin of the English. Finally, some are anagrams, like
Dacelo from Alccdo, or pure nonsense-words, as Dajila, I'ircdca, Xema.
The student who confidingl3- expects to discover erudition, propriety, and perti-
nence in every technical name of a bird, will have his patience sorely tried in dis-
covering what lack of learning, point, and taste man}' words imply. Besides the
barbarisms, anomalies, and absurdities alrcadj" indicated, he must be preparetl to
find names used witli as little regard for [)recision of meaning, ahnost, as those of
Smith, Brown, and Jones. Nothing like the nice distinctions, for example, tliat tlie
Romans made between aler and niger, both meaning " black," or between albits and
candidiis, " white," obtains in modern science, where names are too often mere
sounds without sense, and where the inflexible rules of technical nomenclature com-
pel us to recognize and use many terms of slight or obscure or entirely arbitrary*
applicability, if onl\- they be not glaringly false or of express absurdity. Let him
for example, compare tlie several birds whose specific name is fuscus, and see what
color-blindness this word covers.
The large majority of tlie names being, as already said, of Greek or Latin deriva-
tion, we are enabled to give a reasonably full and fair account of their etymology,
and to point out their significance and application. There are, perhaps, not two
dozen words of the whole list which we are unable to explain and define.
\\
III
$2. ORTHOGRAPHY, OR SPELLING.
The literation of the scientific names is fixed and exact in nearly all cases.
Their derivation being known, and their form having crystallized in a language
" dead" for centuries, the proportion of cases in wliidi the ortliograi)hy is unsettled
is comparative!}' small. In general, there is no alternative spelling of a Greek or
Latin word, and the modern derivatives are or can be compounded according to
rules so fixed as to leave little latitude. In some instances, of course, two or more
admissible forms of the same word occur : as hyemaUs or /lienifdis, ccertikus or
ceEruleus, H(di(retiis or Halia'etus. But, in general, there remains only one rigiit way
of spelling, and that way easily ascertained. We say, there remains ; for of course
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
18
i
there were centuries when tlie classics were undergoing the incessant changes inci-
dent to all spoken or living languages, just as our tongue is now. But having, in
the usual process of evolution, reached that point which we mean when we use the
term " classic," the Greek and Latin have come down to us in a certain form, so
measurably fixed as to permit no decided ulterior modification. Our orthography,
as far as possible, should reflect the purity and lucidity of such crystallization ; and
a Uttlc care will enable us to make such reflection dear.
In the cases of actual (Ireek and Latin words employed as names of birds, there
arc probably not in the whole list a dozen instances of words which admit of defen-
sible alternative spelling. In the modern compounds of Greek and Latin stems,
tliere is necessarily some little margin for variability ; but in all cases, perliaps, at
least a defensible orthograi)hy may be attained, though some alternative may not
be without its claims to consideration. We can oidy eay, that in this matter we
have endeavored to reach good results according to definite recognized rules.
In the much-vexed question of forming quasi-Latin genitives from the names of
persons, we have adopted the ibllowing simple and uniform rule: If the word ends
witli a consonant add single i for a man's name, ce for a woman's name ; if ending
with a vowel, cliange that vowel to i ; as bairdi, cassini, but lawrencii, bunapnrtii ;
hhickburncp, gracia. There are but few cxce[)ti()ns to this, as aniice, cost(e. The
letter y gives the most trouble : it is best generally to treat it as a consonant, and
say sitck/eyi, ridywayi ; but it must sometimes be rendered b^- t, as lucice fur Lucy
(Latin Lucia), derbiaiuis from Derby. It is rarely that a case occurs that sucb
practice cannot readily meet. Names of birds derived from those of persons may
of course be from any language, and consequently offer combinations of letters
unknown in Latin ; but it is useless to attempt to Latinize them, further than by
giving them a Latin genitive termination. We should be led into the pedantry of
bmnonis for browni, or even of niyri for blacki, if we attempt any systematic Latini-
zation of " barbarous " proper names. It is best to apply the above rule even to
names already Latin in form, and write, for instance, b/asitisi, not blasii. The
desirability of such conventional proceeding may be illustrated in the case of a bird
named after a Mr. Wilcox ; better wilcoxi, and be done with it, than rilcocis.
Hitherto, we have spoken of Latin and Greek names of birds indiscriminately.
It will be remembered, however, that we are snp[)osed to write the names always in
Latin, be they of that language or actually Greek. This brings up the subject of
the transliteration of words from the latter into the former. Most of the letters of
the Greek al[)hal)et have their exact and simple equivalents in Latin ; but some car.
only be represented by two Latin letters, and some combinations of Greek letters
change in passing into Latin words.
The Ibllowing are the simple equivalents : a = a;ftz=b,y-g;^ = d;i = e;
1^ = z; 7) = e ; I = t ; \ = I; n =z m ; V = n ; $ = X ; () = ; TT = p ; p = r ; if or
s = s ; T = t ; w = o.
The following are simple substitutions : k = c ; v = y.
14
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
The following are expressed by two letters : or zz th ; <fi = ph; \ = ch ;
^ = ps. The letter ^, though written single z, is double, and equals dz.
There being no letter h in Greek, the aspirate is expressed by the sign ', preced-
ing a vowel or written over it ; thus a, «, o, « = //a, he, ho, hy. The letter p also
takes the asi)irate, in whieh case /> = rh ; and when p is doubled, the second is fol-
lowed by // ; (p = rrh.
Among other transliterations frequently occurring may be noted : Final --q may or
does become -a; final -os or -oi- becomes •us or -urn. The diphtliong ai becomes ce ;
«['., l ; ot, oe; ov, u; w, yi. The letter y before itself, and before k and ^i becomes m ;
tlius yy, yK, y^ = ny, nc, nch.
It is needless to give formal examples of these rules here ; for the reader will find
one or more of them illustrated on any page following the introductory matter.
II *
1)
1 I •
5 3. ORTHOEPY, OR PRONUNCIATION.
Correct pronunciation of Greek and Latin is a lost art. The best we can do now
is to follow the usage of those scholars who conform most nearly with what thoy show
reason for supposing to have been the powers of tl)e letters as spoken by the (J reeks
and Romans. Unfortunately for the student, there are three reputable schools who
pronounce certain letters, especially the vowels a, e, and t, so differently that their
respective methods are irreconcilable.
I, The Enylish Method. In England, and generally in America, excepting in the
Jesuit colleges, the letters have neaily or exactly their English powers. This school
teaches us " how not to do it," that is, to pronounce as the Greeks and Romans never
did. If we imagine a dialv^gue between an English Professor of Latin and the Manes
of Cicero, we are bound to infer that they avouUI not understand each other ; in fiict,
that neither would know that the other was talking Latin ; though they might write
to each other in identical words. Obviously, therefore, the Englisli method is to be
siiunned. If the student will pronounce any word in the following list as if it were
English, he will give it a sound the furthest possible removed from the right sound.
The only excuse for the English method we ever heard is, that, as we do not know
the rigiit pronunciation, a conventional and consistent substitute is better than any
doubtful approximation; but such talk is a mere apology for the English/)/* idler,
not a defence of that sorry makeshift.
II. Tlie Continental M<ihod. This is universal in Europe, excepting in England,
and lias gained much ground in America through the teaching of the Jesuits and
other learned scholars. It is also known as the Italian school. It may be defined,
in brief, as a compromise between English Latin and Roman Latin ; the vowels having
nearly or quite what is believed to have been their sounds as spoken by the Romans,
while the consonants are heard more nearly in their English powers. Leading
features of the school are: long a as \n father ; long e as English a in fate ; long i
as in machine; long m as English o in moon; y, as a vowel, practically like i ; j like
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
li
', prcccd-
tcr p also
>nd is fol-
-r) may or
!comos te ;
ccomes n ;
an do now
thoy sliow
he Grceka
•hools who
that their
ting in the
'his school
iins never
le INIancs
; in Aict,
ght write
)d is to be
if it were
it sound.
not know
than any
pis idler,
Kngland,
esuits and
)e defined,
els having
3 Romans,
Leading
lie ; long »
c % ; j like
y ,• c and y hard or soft as they would be in English, and most other consonants as
in English, nearly or exactly.
III. T/ie Roman Method. This way of speaking Latin, if prattieaMe, is obvionsly
preferable ; and it is believed that a close ai)pioximation to Latin orthoepy is fea-
sib." " The world over, nearly all the Latin grammarians of the last qnarter of a
century have urged a return to first principles. T'le Latin has rights of its own,
and a demonstrated pronunciation wliioli should be respected." * The credit of lead-
ing this reform in America has been ascribed to the late Professor S. S. llaldenian,
of the University of Pennsylvania, whose "Elements of Latin Pronunciation" was
published at Philadelphia in 1851.
Nevertheless, the practicability of introducing such radical reform among natural-
ists, to most of whom the writing and speaking of classical words is but an incident
of their scientific studies, may be seriously doubted, however desirable it is to do
so. We question whether ornithologists, of tiiis generation at lea^t, can be induced
to say Kikironta, Kirke, and Piklcorwus, or Chichemnia, Cfdrche, and Pichicorvus for
Ciceronia, Circe, and Picicorvns, or wirraynce for virens. It ma3' be most judicious
at present, and best on the whole, to pave the wa}' for the final consummation by
carrying into practice the many points on which scholars agree, without insisting
upon the extremes respecting which diversity of good authority is admitted.
Upon such understanding we offer, for pronouncing the Latin names of North
American birds, a scheme wliich insists upon tlie Roman sounds of the vowels and
diphtliongs, but yields the point in the disputed cases of certain consonants ; conced-
ing, for example, that c may remain soft before c, /, and y, and that v need not be
turned into w. AVe do not profess to go into the subtleties, or even all tlie niceties
of Latin orthoepy. Mucli of the end we have in view will be attained, if we can
succeed in preventing those barbarisms and vulgarisms which constantl}' come from
the lips of some persons of great accomplishment in the science of ornithology.
Having ourselves heard Oh-nanth and Fidhj-rjewler for (Enanthe and Fuligula, we
need not affect to conceal our belief that some orr,iti'ologists ma}' profitably look a
little further into the matter than they ai)pear to ha ^ hitherto done.
Vowels.
The difference between a "long" and a "short" vowel is essentially one of
quantity only, not of quality : it is actually the prolongation of a sound, not neces-
sarily involving a difference in sound. Thus, if we dwell never so long on the
" short" a of fat, it does not convert tlie sound of that letter into that heard in the
"long" a oi fate. The phonetic quality of a vowel should therefore be distin-
guished from its prosodiac quantity. Practically, however, no such discrimination
is to be made in the case of the Latin vowels. We only know them as " long " or
"short;" we determine their quantity by prosodiac rules, and make their quality
* W. G. IJichnrdson on Latin rronunciation : In Report of the Commissioner of Education for
187G. 8vo, Washington, 1878. p. 484.
"TT"
i: !
;
H 'lii
16
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
correspondent. For all that is known to the pontrar^', the Romans may have had,
for example, as many qualities of their a as wo have in Knglisii ; hut as we know
only their " long" and " short" o, it is aimpl}- a matter of more or less of the same
sound of the letter, not a dilRrencc in sound. Our only resource, tliereforc, is to
ascertain the natural or aecjuired quantity of the vowels according to the standard
authorities, and i)ronounce them conformably therewith.
It is the rule, witli few exceptions, tliat a vowel before two consonants, or before
the double consonants x and z, is long. We arc inclined to believe that in man^'
cases the full length of tl.e vowel itself is not implied, but rather the length of the
whole syllabic in which it occurs. For instance, in the word melnnorhi/nr/ms, the
vowel »/ is encased in five consonants ; and the time retiuired to apeak the whole
syllable -rhynch-, in metric composition, is what makes the y long. The Romans may
have had the y as short in quality as the y's in our word pygmy. Nevertheless, we
have no assurance of this, and can only mark the y long, which means that this syl-
lable is to be pronounced -rheench-. Take the word fnscescens, again, where each
vowel is followed by two consonants. In this country we seldom if ever hear any
thing but sounds of all three of the vowels as short as if the\- were Knglisli. We
must, iiowever, mark tiiem long, which is equivalent to directing tlie word to be
vivWciX foosnysnyncc. IJut it does not follow tiiat a naturally ishort vowel lengthened
only " b}- position" is to be sounded at full length. Thus, in fffinis, tnsignis, Ofiso-
letiis, from inJ-, in-, oh-, the long mark indicates the quantity of tlie syllable rather
than of the vowel. The chief exceptions above alluded to are furnished by the con-
currence of a nnite and a liquid, when tlie preceding vowel remains short, in prose,
at least.
A vowel before a single consonant, or before another vowel, is short, as a rule ;
but there are so many exceptions to this, that each case of the kind requires to be
considered on its own merits. An accented vowel is likelv to be long from this
cause alone. Diphthongs arc long, except before another vowel.
In Latin words derived from the Greek, the vowels e and o are likely to be long
or short, according to whether they stand for Greek eta or epsilon, oniicron or
omega. So, also, the Latin i is long when representing the Greek diphthong €i, as
it often does ; and a vowel is likely to be long when in any case it comes by the con-
traction of two or more vowels into one. Thus, the frequent Latin termination
-pus, from the Greek />oms, is long, or should be, like the proper Latin pes (foot).
With these slight remarks, we take up the vowels, diphthongs, and consonants in
al[)habetieal order.
A. Orthoepists reckon from four to seven sounds of this vowel in English, the
four usuall}- recognized being those heard in fa. , fat, far, fall . The English sounds
of rt \n fate, fat, and fall are luiknown in Latin. Long a in Latin is always sounded
as a in psalm; it is almost exactly the I^iglish interjection ah! — the name of the
letter r without any roll. Short Latin a is the same sound, but with less stress and
less prolonged, like the a in diadem, or the final a in Maria, Amelia, Hannah. Thus
4
1
HEM AUKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
17
have had,
I we know
' the same
, or before
it in manj'
gtli of the
ytichns, the
the whole
wians may
Lholoss, we
at this syl-
iv-hcre each
r hoar any
jj,Hsh. AVc
ivonl to he
longthcnod
ii(/nis, uhso-
ahle rather
by the con-
t, in prose,
as a rnlc ;
uiros to be
from this
to be long
oniicron or
thong ct, as
)y the con-
tcnnination
(foot).
isonants in
•English, the
lish sonnds
ys sonnded
ame of the
stress and
ah. Thus
in th. frequently recurring word americana, all three a's have the same quality, but
differ in quantity ; the first and the last a being sliort and the middle « long, sitnply
because there is where the accent, or stress of voice, comes to prolong the sound.
If the accent in this case were on the antepenult, all three a's would have exactly
the same quantity and quality.
Long a as in psalm.
Short a as in diadem.
E. Long e has the sound of French c in fete, or English e in tfiey, or English a in
fitte. Short e is like English e in them, not quite so short as in met ; something
between mate and met. Example of long e : ixillpis, pronounced ache-seal- i-pace.
liong c as in (hei/.
Short e as in them.
I. Long t is invariably like the English i in machine, police, oblique, pique ; that is,
the English ee '\nfeet, ea mfeat, &c. ; but never the English i oifyht, night. Short i
is the same soinid, but as brief and abrupt as possible, like English i in possible.,
ability, imitate. Short and long t are both heard in intrigue.
Long t as in machine, pique.
Sliort t as in ability, imitate.
O. This letter, long or short, has alwaj's its pure English sound, there being
no qualities of Latin o to correspond to such auouialies as the English o in movey
more, come, «&c.
Long o as in old, no.
Short o as in odd, not.
U. It is not easy to correctly appreciate the powers of this vowel in Latin.
Long tt never has the sound of English u, eu, or ew, as in fury, fend, few ; but is
always broad as well as long, like o in move, oo in moon, fool. Short u is not the
i:nglish u in tub or English o in love, but quite like the English u in bull, fill. Take
for example the common word rufus, where the first u is long, the second short.
Tills word is neither roofiiss, nor rcirf-nss, nor rewf-ooce ; l)ut if the consonants per-
mitted, it would rhyme exactly with rue-fuL If I am asked " How many cats?" I
may reply " I say ruefully there are a roof- full," and in so saying twice speak both
the long and the short Latin u.
Long M as o in move, oo in moon, ve in rue.
Short M as in bull, full, pull.
Y. This letter, as a vowel, has practically the sound of i, long or short ; more
exactly, that of the German ii (uc), as in Miller, which is nearer Mllhr than Mailer.
It is scarcely a Latin letter, and chiefly occurs in words from the Greek, correspond-
ing to Greek upsilon ; as hyperboreus, uropyginlis.
It is to be remarked, that any vowel is or may l)e modified in quality as well
as in quantity by its consonantal combination, this being especially the case when
followed by the letter r. It is as if the r were rolling away, and dragging the
vowel after. Compare fuscus with turtur ; the first with the last syllable of tardus,
jji
ill
18
iiif
Id
I,
t
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
I
III
if M
lill
;t 1
nil
&c. "We suspect that some of the less evident powers ascribed by orthocpists to
various vowels, are not inherent in the vowels themselves, but due to consonantal
uiodiiication of tlie sound.
Let us add tiiat orthoepists commonly and with great propriety* recognize wlint
they call the ''neutral" vowel-sound, a quality so slight and obscure, that any one
of the vowels may express it indifferentl}'. Thus, if we pronounce the word martyr
as rapidly as p( ,sible, it makes scarcely an}- appreciable difference whether it be
written martar, marter, martir, martor, martur, or martyr; as we say scarce!}' any
thing more than martr, the six " neutral" vowels are phonetically interchangeable.
DiPFmiONGS.
In diphthongs, each v A must be sounded, and the two sounds be smoothly
combined. Two vowels coming together do not necessarily form a diphtliong. For
example, aer is a word of two syllables, and ae'don one of three ; tlie vowels in
these cases to be separately and distinctly uttered, as in English aerial. Proper
diphthongs, »". e., two vowel-sounds combined to make a third different from either,
are comparative!}- rare ; and all the following components of diphtliongs also come
together without combining.
^ consists of ah-ay, which when rapidly spoken becomes so nearly like Latin
long e (see above) as to be practically the same. It was originally written ai, and
is by some directed to be so sounded.
AI is a very composite sound, t itself is a compound, being ah-ee, the whole
being therefore ah-afi-ee, which when run together becomes very near!}- our English
eye or tlie pronoun /. It seems quite like the French naif, naive, or English Lnife.
A and O do not combine, and seldom come together.
AU is oftcnest heard, but wrongly, as in cause, or as aw in awl, law, atc/ul. It
is like the ow in how, now, owl. It is precisely the German an, as in aud).
E and A do not combine ; they frequently come together, especially at the
ends of words, but each is separately pronounced. E. g., yEne-as Bore-as, Arde-a.
EI is frequent. The analysis is ay-ah-ee, contracted to a drawling sound little
different from long English a in mate ; more exactly, English ei in vein, eight.
E and O do not combine. E-os, E-npsaltria, &c.
EU is equal to ay-oo. Strongly and rapidly uttered, it becomes the long Eng-
lish u in tiihe, ve in due, etv in few, eu mfeiid, ou in you; and especially when initial
represents the whole word yon. For example Eugenes = Yotigenes = Ayoogenes. It
seldom occurs, except in Greek words.
lA, IE, II, 10, lU do not combine. The very frequent ia, especially ending a
word, and the it, so frequent in the genitives of persons' names, are always two full
syllables. The common iu, in the ending of words makes two syllables: e.g.,
spuri-us. So seri-cs, rati-o have each three syllables. Some apparent diphthongs
of vocal t with a following vowel, are really of consonantal i, which is_/, pronounced
y ; as plebeius, ^= plele-jus, T^xonounccA plehe-yus.
i!:n
REMARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
19
loopists to
)iisonantal
rnizc what
it any one
ord marlyr
'tlicr it 1)0
arccly an^'
angcable.
J smoothly
long. For
vowels in
il. Proper
•om either,
) also come
like Latin
:ten at, and
the whole
mr English
ish knife.
mcful. It
ally at the
s, Arde-a.
sound little
iffht.
long Eng-
rhon initial
togenes. It
I}- ending a
ys two full
blcs : e. g.,
diphthongs
ironounced
OA and 00 and OXJ do not combine ; bo-ops l.as two, arcto-us or arcto-a three,
and o-olugy four syllables, ou diphthong very early passed into long .3.
OE, when fully but rapidly said in combination, seems to yield ii\c diphthong a
preceded by a slight w sound ; the whole nearly as the English word way. If not
this, it is indistinguisliable from Latin a. We are incliiicd to say teay-nunt/te for
cenanthe ; if not this, then ay-nanthe, not ee-nanthe nor oi-nanthe. The combination
U sometimes interchangeable with a, as calum or calum. It is to be carefully dis-
tinguished from and e uncorabined ; as in Arsinoe, Cldo'ephaga.
01. These two letters may combine or not. Generally they do not, each being
a distinct syllable. Thus, Pic-o-i-des is a word of four syllables, the second and
third of which are o-ee. oi in combination is given by some as iu English oil, but is
perhaps more nearly the French oei in ceil. As ai passed into «, so oi early became
CB, and some direct the letter to be sounded as oi.
UA and UE, in combination, yield sounds like English wah and way ; as suaoii,
suecica.
UI, equivalent to oo-ah-ee, is like the French oui (yes), very nearly the English
pronoun we. The rare UU seems to be simpl}- u "X extreme length : equus.
Y making a diplithong with a following vowel gives the sound of such vowel
preceded by w ; as, Myiarchus = Mweearchus. It only occurs iu Greek words, by
transliteration for upsilon.
In some cases three or four vowels come together ; but the pronunciation va&y
usually be determined b^- the foregoing rules. Thus : Agelceus, Pocecetes, Halieeetus.
In these cases respectively ae and oe are combined, and pronounced as above said ;
the other vowels are distinct. Hal-i-a-'e-tus is a word of five syllables. My-i-o-di-
oc-tes is one of six syllables, though in practice reduced to five, by slurring the y and
i togctlier. In trudeaui, again, are four vowels together ; but in this case eau com-
bine into long o, and the word has but three syllables.
Consonants.
Most of the consonants have their English powers, pure and simple. Some,
however, call for remark, especially in certain of their combinations.
The letters c and g are now said to be " always hard," without qualification. It
is a much vexed question. As it is not demonstrated tliat the Romans had no soil
c and g, we do not see that we may not be permitted to retain these sounds.
C then is hard, like k, before a consonant or a, o, ti, soft before e, i, y, and before
the diphtliongs ce, ai, oe, oi. ch is always hard ; there is no sound of ch as in church,
still less as in chaise, in Latin.
G is hard or soft under the same circumstances as c, with the important excep-
tion, that it is hard before y in words derived from the Greek, when the y
results from the Greek upsilon (v). Example: Gymnocitta, not Jymnocilta.
J is simply t, interchangeable with it, and always pronounced like the y in yes, or
as in hallelujah.
rr.
rrr
H II
I 1
(
1
j
1
i
j
1
1
^ ♦
20
liEMAIiKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
N followed by c hard, k, g, or x has a nasal or twanging sound of ng ; as in
English aid/c, auger, pronounced ang-kle, ang-ger. rrcccdod by m or g, it does not
destroy tht-so letters : as Mntotilta, Gnathodon.
P is not silent before t; thus \n psallria artieulatc both. So in the digraph ph,
some direct to sound both, as in vp-hill. It is difllcult, if not impossible, to
articulate both letters, especially when, as often hai)pens, a th succeeds. For
example, in erythrophthalmus we find tluit we cannot make four sounds for the
phth as in vp-hill and hot-house. Practically pli becomes something between / and
t\ just as \\\ Stephen or Steven. So also the original Indo-European asi)irate3 />//,
rM, (/A are not retained in any Uuropoau language; there is nothing to correspond
to log-house.
QU is sometimes followed by another m, as in altiloquus, propinquus. It would
seem to be rendered by kwooce.
R is strongly pronounced with a trill. It is heard at the height of its power in
the combination rrh ; as in catarrhactes, pgrrhoirhoa.
S invariably retains its sharp hissing sound. Thus essence is a rhyme with
fuscescens (as far as the s-sound is concerned) ; so also virens = virragnce, not
n/-rem. Compare hiss or this with his. So particular were the Komans to avoid
tlie z sound of s, that they even altered antecedent consonants ; saying, for example,
urps and pleps for vrbs and plebs.
T always preserves its sound. There is nothing to correspond with the English
-tionz= shun, «&c. K.g., gra-ti-a, rat-i-o, itiit-i-um.
V is directed b^- some to be sounded like English w in we. But this is rarely
done.
X i.s always ks or cs, never gz or s, even when initial, as in Xema, Xanthocephalus.
Z, which only occurs in Latin words of Greek extraction, is a double letter
equivalent to r/r, and the best authorities recommend the d sound to be articulated.
Thus Aphriza, Spiza, are pronounced A/reedza, Speedza.
A word in regard to the pronunciation of modern i)roper names, as of persons and
places, so often recurring in ornithology'. After mature deliberation, we have decided
to mark tlicm for their pronunciation in the language to which they belong. It seems
finical and pedantic to attempt to Latinize them ; for to carry out that plan to its
logical result would be to give Irunonis instead of hrowni ; and even then some
names would utterl}- defy us, unless changed beyond all recognition. So we have
adopted the rule of preserving the orthography and orthoepy of all modern proper
names, even though containing the letter w. Barbarous geographical words of
unsettled or no known orthography may, however, be sometimes dressed in quasi-
Latin ; thus it is perfectly permissible to render anonalasehkae by unalascce. We
make this remark to explain what must seem inconsistent in our use of diacritical
marks in some places ; for we mark the vowels long or short as the syllables are
pronounced in the language to which the word belongs, not as they would be in
Latin.
BK MARKS ON THE USE OF NAMES.
n
ng ; as ni
I; docs not
igrnph ph,
:)S8iblc, to
[ids. For
(Is for the
iCon / and
[)i rates Ui,
correspond
It would
I power in
lijme with
at/nce, not
IS to avoid
r example,
ic English
3 is rarely
ocephalus.
uble letter
.rticulatcd.
ersons and
ve decided
It seems
plan to its
then some
we have
jrn proper
words of
in quasi-
scce. We
diacritical
llablcs are
3uld be in
Accentuation.
This is a matter of prime importance. For elegant, oven for bearable, pronun-
ciation, it is essential to place the accent or stress of voice on the right 8yIIal)lc.
Fortunately tiie rules arc simple, with comparatively few exceptione.
Accent the penult when it is long.
Accent the antepenult when the penult is short.
Tiiesc two rules will carry us safely across the great majority of Latin words.
In many cases lengthening tlie syllable, whether penult or antepenult, is actually
equivalent to accenting it. We can scarcely recall a case of a short accented peiuilt ;
but many short antepenults take the accent, which is simply because it cannot be
thrown still further back. Modern proper names of three syllables with the accent
on the first, keep it there after addition of the i of tlie genitive case ; as, aud'uboni,
rich' nrdsoni.
So important is the matter of accent, that were all other diacritical marks dis-
pensed with, we could still pronounce the words with measurable accuracy, knowing
where to put the stress of voice.
The tendency in Knglish is constantly to throw the accent back as far as possi-
ble ; and there is much of this same practice in the usual pronunciation of Latin.
For the latter language, and especially for words derived from the Greek, we con-
sider it vicious and undesirable. It seems to us much more sensible and natural
in the case of a word compounded of two (J reek words, to keep the stress of the
voice on the stem of each, than to throw it, for sake of glibncss, on the most insig-
nificant syllable, often the mere connective vowel, and a short one at that. Take
for example TiogJodyles, Lop/iopfimies, PhyUoscopus, or anj' similar words of four
syllables, compounds of two words of two syllables each. It is glib to accent the
antepenult, but it is done at the sacrifice of the strength and dignity of the stem
which stands penult, and which we should prefer to accent, even if short. Where
we have found it i)racticable on etymological grounds to lengthen and accent
such penults, we have done so ; in general, however, we have closcl3' conformed
to routine custom, especially as there is to be strongly set before the inexperienced
student the necessity of avoiding the glaring impropriety of accenting the penult
of erylhrocephaUts, for example. Tlie tendency of all persons who find it dillicult to
handle a long new word, is to dissect it. with two or even three accents ; an(l per-
haps the inclination of the scholar to show his erudition has unconsciously led him
to the opposite extreme. Any " rule" or custom aside, the natural accent of poly-
syllabic words is rhetorical — as if each syllable were a word. It may bo seen in
those words whose looseness of composition, so to speak, leaves them like sen-
tences ; as ne'i'ertfieless", not'withstaHd"ing. The naturalness of a'naly"lic, gti'o)net"ric
contrasts favorably with the conventionality of ana'lysis, geo'metry ; and there is
nothing in the quality of the final syllables to account for the ditrerences in accent.
l>ut we are aware that our views of this matter will not pass current, even if they
escape adverse criticism.
£
i
EXPLANATIONS.
W
%
' ' ; : •
1. The names In the Cheek List are consecutively numbered from first to last, wliether
they be of species or of subspecies. Tlio latter are sufFiciently distiuguished by consisting
of three terms instead «if two.
2. The names in the Dictionary arc numbered to correspond, each page containing the
same nmiibers of the two series.
3. Tlie person's name in parentheses immediately after each bird's name is that of the
original describer of the species or 8ubs)H'cie8. The unenclosed name succeeding is that of the
authority for the particular combination of generic, specific, and subspecific terms adopted.
When the original describcr is also the authority for the combination, a single unenclosed
name is given. — The following arc the principal abbreviations: —
All., Allen.
And., Audubon.
Bd, IJaird.
Bodil., Boddaert.
Bp., Bonaparte.
Cab., Cabanis.
Cass., Cassin.
Garni)., Gambel.
Gir., Giraud.
Gm., Gmelin.
Gr., Gray.
L., Linnreus.
Lafr., Lafresnaye.
Lath., Latham.
Later., Lawrence.
Licht., Lichtcnstein.
Nutt., Nuttall.
licich.. Ueichcnbach.
Eidri., Kiilgway.
Scl., Sdater.
Steph., Stephens.
Sw., Swainson.
Teinm., Teinminck.
Towns., Townsend.
v., Vieillot.
Vi/j., Vigorsj.
Watfi, Waglcr.
Wils., Wils.m.
4. After these terms como three letters, " B," " C," and " R," each followed by a number.
These stand respectively for Baird's List, 1858, Cones' s Check List, 1874, and Itidrjwat/a
Catalogue, 1880. The number following each of these letters is that which the bird bears in
such lists. Thus, Tardus migratorins was named by Linna;us, who is also the authority for
the combination, and is l.'iS of Baird's list, 1 of Coucs's, and 7 of Kidgway's. The dash
.ifter any one of these letters shows that the species is not contained in B, C, or R, as the
case may be.
5. The note of exclamation, in parentheses, indicates that the species is in North America
only a straggler from the country that the following initial letter denotes: E., Europe,
A., Asia, M., Mexico, W. I., West Indies. G. shows the bird to bo only North American
as occurring in Greenland.
6. The note of interrogation, similarly enclosed, tneans that the name is considered to be of
slight or uncertain value, — as of a subspecies scarcely distiuguished from its stock, or of a
species not well known.
7. The Index will be found to contain matter additional to, or corrective of, that in the
body of the work. See p. 137.
CHECK LIST
OK
North American Birds.
last, wliothcr
by cdiiHisting
untaining the
is tliat of tlio
is that of the
Tins adopted.
lo uiicnch>sc(i
I'ninson.
Tomminck.
Townsend.
iMot.
igors.
Waglcr.
IVilson.
by a number.
id Ridgioaifs
bird bears in
authority for
. The dash
or R, aa tho
Drth America
E., Europe,
th American
lered to be of
tock, or of a
f, that in the
1. Turdus migratorius L. Bisa. ci. rt.
Itobln.
2. Turdus migratorius propinquus Rldg. b — , c — . r u. (?)
Rocky Mountain Robin.
3. Turdus migratorius conflnis (Bd.) Coues. b — . c la. r 8.
St. Lucas Robin.
4. Turdus iliacus L. b — . c — . r 6. (g. !e.)
Redwing.
6. Turdus nsevius Gm. b ise. c 2. r 9.
Varied Thrush.
6. Turdus mustelinus Gm. b u%. c 3. r i.
Wood Thrush.
Tflr'-dfis mi-gra-tS'-rl-iSs. Lat. Umhm, a thrush. Lat. m!nro, to move from one place to
another ; mignttor, a wanderer, a migrant ; mtqratorms, migratory.
T. m. pre-pin'-qtiQs [propeenkwooeej. Lat. propinquas, near, neighboring; as related to
/. mi;/ralonua.
T. m. c5n-n'-nls [confeenis]. Lat. co,,/!„;s, subs, or adj , a neighbor, neighboring; here
in sense of closely related to T. mi;,ralorius. *> - f^ h.
il-r-a-cQs. Lat. itiams, relating to the ilia, or haunches; also, Lat. IHarus, Gr. 'l\taK6,,
reiatmg to Troy, Trojan; application obvious in neither case. But Aristotle gives a
Kina ot thrush, called l\,ds. supposed by old ornithologists, as Oesner and Belon, to be
tns speces, said to be called by the modern Greeks iKKd,, rvKd., .IxKv l\>ds, or KtxKa
IMiSa; and the actual form, Tnvdus ilktcns, was an old name when Linnaeus adopted it.
naS'-vI-tSs Inayveusl. Lat. navim, spotted, from mmts, a mole (birth-mark). — The
suh-^ronm Hrsperocich/a is Gr. tWcpo,, Lat. vesperns, evening, U., western, and nlx^a or
Klx^ri, a thrush. ^
T. mQs-te-H'-naa. Lat. must.limis, weasel-like; .'.e., in this case, tawny. -The sub-genus
Hylocidifa is Gr. PAr>, a wood, and Klx\a.
4. T
6. T
6.
lr
24
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
I i
Ij
'-I
! 'i
7. Turdus fliscescens Steph. b isi. c 6. u 2.
Wilson's Thrush.
8. Turdus unalascse Gm. b iso. c 46. u 5.
Western Hermit Tlirush. ^
9. Turdus unalascae auduboni (Bd.) Couos. b udvar. C4a. R5a.
Audubon's Hermit Tlirush.
10. Turdus unalascae nanus (Aud.) Coues. b 149. C4. R56.
Eastern Hermit Thrush.
11. Turdus ustulatus Nutt. b 152. 56. r 4.
Oregon Olive-backed Tlirush.
12. Turdus ustulatus aliciae (Bd.) Coues. B 154. c 6a. R3.
Gray-cheeked Thrush.
13. Turdus ustulatus swainsoni (Cab.) Coues. b 153. C5. R4o.
Olive-backed Thrush.
7. T. fQs-ces'-c5ns [foosaysaynccj. Present participle of a supposed Lat. inceptive verb
fiisnsco, I grow ilark or swarthy ; Lat. fiisco, of same signification. It means, or slioulil
mean, less than Jhsciis ; i.e., somewhat dark ; is not otherwise applicable to the lightest-
colored thrush of this group.
8. T. Q-n5-las'-caS. Of the Island of Unalaska. It is permissible, indeed desirable, to resolve
Gmelin's barbarous word aonalasvLkuc into a purer form. With this orthography the
word is of sufficiently classical aspect, and corresponds with alciscensis. See Aiiorllmm,
No. 78, and Passerelbi, No. 283.
This is T. jialliist var. nanus of the orig. cd. of the Check List. For the change, see
Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 1.
9. T. u. aud'-Q-b6n-L To John James Audubon, the "American Backwoodsman," and
famous author of the " Birds of America."
This is T. pallusi var. auduhoni of the orig. cd. of the Check List.
10. T. u. na'-nQs. Lat. nanus, from the Gr. vdwos or vdvos, a dwarf.
This is T. pallasi of the orig. ed. It is true that nanus has of late been applied exclu-
sively to the Western form, the true unalascie Gm. But the name nanus was originally
based by Audubon on a bird from Pennsylvania, and only later amplified by him to
include the Western form. The long survival of an error does not justify its continued
perpetuation after detection.
11. T. Qs-tQ-ia'-tQs. Lat. usluhtus, perfect participle of usfuln,l scorch, singe; with reference
to the ashy coloration, as if the bird had been charred.
This stands as T. swainsoni var. ustulatus in the orig. cd. The case is precisely
parallel with that of nanus \s. pallasi ; for Nuttall named the Oregon bird usliilahis in
1840, and Cab.-inis did not apply the name swainsoni to the Eastern Olive-backed Thrush
till several years afterward.
12. T. u. a-lI'-cI-aS. To Miss Alice Kennicott, sister of Robert Kennicott, of Illinois. See
Scops, No. 466.
This is T. .iwain.ioni var. alicict of the orig. ed. See No. 11.
13. T. u. swain'-sOn-i. To William Swninson, the zealous and accomplished English natu-
ralist.
This is T. swainsoni of the orig. ed. See No. 11.
1::
CHECK LIST OF NOMTII AMERICAN BIRDS.
25
R6a.
la.
inceptive vcrh
iSl^m ^ ^ *
cans, or siioiild
^^B
to the lightest-
wk ^^'
•able, to resolve
1
•thograpliy the
See Aiioilliiira,
14.
he change, see
1
)oJsnian," and
15.
16.
applied cxclu-
was originally
fled by him to
y its continued
17.
with reference
H
se is precisely
ird usfiildhis in
jacked Thrush
H 1^-
Illinois. See
1 19.
''M ^°-
IH 21.
Englisli natu-
^? 83.
14. Oroscoptes montanus (Towns.) Bd. b 255. c 7. R 10.
Mountain Mocking-bird.
15. Mimus polyglottus (L.) Bole. B 253. c 8. R 11.
Mocldng-bird.
16. Mimus carollnensis (L.) Gr. b 254. c 9. r 12.
Cat-bird.
17. Haiporhynchus nifus (L.) Cab. B 201. c 10. R 13.
Brown Thrush ; Thrasher.
18. Harporhynchus rufus longirostris (Lafr.) Coues. b 200. c lOa. r 13a.
Texas Thrasher.
19. Harporhynchus curvirostris (Sw.) Cab. b 259. c — . r. 15.
Curve-billed Thrasher.
20. Harporhynchus curvirostris palmeri Ridg. b — . c 11. r 15a.
Bow-bllled Thrasher.
21. Harporhynchus bendirii Coues. b — . c iiw*. r Ua.
Arizona Thrasher.
22. Harporhynchus cinereus Bd. b — . c 12. r 14.
St. Lucas Thrasher.
0-r5-sc5p'-tgs [taccl mon-ta'-ntis. Gr. &poi, a mountain, <rKJ>irrr,,, a mimic; ff/ccUirr™,
I mock, deride, jeer at. The orthography differs; authority may be found for
either Oroscophs or Orcoscoples ; the former was originally written by Baird ; it is
shortest: and we usually say orolo,;;/, orcyraph/, &c. — Lat. nwntanus, relating to' mons
a mountain. '
Mi'-mfls fmeemus] p61-^glot'-tQs. Lat. mimus, Gr. /i?;uoi, a mimic. -Gr. tomJ^Awttoi,
polyglot, from iroAui, many, yKuTra, tongue.
M. c5.r8-lln-en'-sls. Lat. for Carolinian, of Carolina; Carohts, Charhs, h the modem
Lat. form of Germ. Jtart, or tcrl, a peasant ; A. S. norl, Scot, carle, Eng. r/mrl. Cm;,linn
IS by some derived from Charles IL of England; but Ribault. in 1502, built in Port
Royal a fort he called a,nrr,,rn,t, and Laud„nni5re, who came to relieve Ribanlfs
coh,n,sts .n IGW, one which he says, "je nommay la Caroline, en honneur de nostre
prince le roy Charles [IX:., of France]."
Har-pa-rhyn'-chfls [rh very strong ; rh as ^1 ru'-ffls. Gr. fip,,, a sickle : ^oy^o,, a beak ;
^..,bow-bdled. rhe former word is seen in harp,;, ,o called from its hooked beak.
Some punsts w.U have the r doubled in this and all such cases, making r/arporrhy.ch.s ,■
bu he current of mo.iern usage has set too strongly against it to be stennned without
liability of seemmg pedantic. - Lat. ^,^.,, rufous, reddish.
"' beak."'^^''^^'"''''^ [loang-gi-roas-tris]. Lat. lo„.jus, long, roslrh, beaked, from rost,-uw,
H. cur-vl-r(5s'-trls. Lat. curvus, curved ; and rostris. — Not in the orig. -d.
H. c. pal'-m«r.i [sound tlie /]. Dedicated to one Edward Palmer.
H. ben-di'-rl-i. To Capt. Charles Beudire. U. S. Army.
H. cIn-er'.«.iJs. Lat. cinfreus, ashy, or ash-colored ; from cinis, genitive cinms, ashes. Gr.
k6.^s, of same meaning, apparently from Kalu,, ndo,, I burn. Related English words are
incinerate, cinder, &c.
II -■
I
i
I*
!i
26
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
23. Harporhynchus redivivus (Gamb.) Cab. b 266. c is. r i6.
Caltfbrnlan Thrasher.
24. Harporhynchu!3 redivivus lecontii (Lawr.) Coues. b 257. c isa. r i6a.
Yuma Thrasher,
25. Harporhynchus crissalis Henry, b 258. c 14. k 17.
Crlssal Thrasher.
26. Saxicola cenanthe (L.) Bechst, b 157. c 15. r 21. (!e.)
stone Chat; Wheat-ear.
27. Sialia sialis (L.) Hald. B I68. c 16. R 22.
Eastern Blue-bird.
28. Sialia mexicana Sw. b 159. c 17. R 23.
Western Blue-Tjird.
29. Sialia arctica Sw. B ico. c I8. R 24.
Arctic Blue-bird.
30. Cinclus mexicanus Sw. b i64. c 19. r 19.
Water Ouzel ; Dipper.
31. Cyanecula suecica (L.) Brm. b — . c — . r 20. (!a.)
Blue-throated Redstart.
23. H. rfi-dl-vi'-vQs. Lat. redlricns, revived, from re-, red-, redi-, in sense of liack agnin, and
vims, livinj?. Gaiiibel discovcrt'd in tills l)ird a long-lost species of an older autlior.
24. H. r. Ie-c6n'-tl-i. To Dr. Jolin L. Lc Conte, of I'liiladelpliia, tlie famous entomologist.
25. H. cris-sa'-lls. No sueli Latin word ; tliere is a verb criso or crisso, used of a certain
motion of the liaunclies ; ciissiiiii is a technical word lately derived therefrom, signifying
in ornithology the under tail-coverts, which in this bird are rod. Cf. Or. KpiaaSs, KtpaSi.
26. Sax-I'-c6-la oe-nan'-the (oo-ay-nanthe, as if way-nantlie|. Lat. saxicola, a rock-inhab-
itant ; sarinii, a rock, and incola {in and co/o), an inliabitant. — Lat. viliJJora, and Gr.
oiVo>'9jj, signify precisely the same thing : the bird is prettily named "flower of tlic vine : "
Lat. vitis, the vine,. //oca, a flower. The Gr. olvivBii, whence Lat. ananlhe, is an uncertain
bird mentioned by Aristotle and Pliny ; the name was definitely applied to this species
in 1555. The word primarily relates to the grape, oKn, ns if the bird were one which
frequented vineyards, or appeared with the flowering (Mos) of the vino.
27. St-51'-I-a sI'-ai-Ts. Gr. amKis, a bird, in " Ath. JWi F ; " from ir/dAoi/, saliva ; verb aia\i(u,
I slaver, or make some sibilant noise. To call this Anacreon a sloliberer!
28. S. mex-T-ca'-nS. Latinized from Mexican. The country is called Mexico, Mejico, or
Mchico, from Meritli, the Aztec god of war.
29. S. 3rc'-tT-c5. Lnt. arrtira, northern, arctic ; i. e., Gr. ApK-roi, a bear, apwrmdi, near the bear.
bO. Cin'-clQs mSx-I-ca'-nOs. Gr. KiyKKot, Lat. Cinrhis, tlie name of a bird, by some supposed
to be the European Cinclus aquaticus, by others a kind of Sandpiper ; KiyKMCi» is to
wag the tail. — Lat. mexicamis, see No. 28.
31. Cj>-an-e'-cQ-15 suS'-cT-cS. Ci/aneciila is a diminutive substantive lately (perhaps not before
Brisson, 1700) formed from the Lat. adjective cyaneus, Gr. Kvdvfos or Kvav6s, blue ; mean-
ing, as wo might say, "bluet." Rnl^'cnla is a word similarly coined. —Lat. sKcorn or
svrrira, Swedish ; Sweden having been called Suecia or Sceria. In that country the binl
is said to be called " Cliarles's-bird," Carh-for/el, whence Avis Carolina of s..me of the
treatises written in Latin. — " Redstart " is a corruption of SRotllflerj, meaning " redtail,"
Aud'jiulicllla and IVianicurus are among the translated book-names of the species.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. See Ibis, 1878, p. 422. Alaska.
lilrSiS
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
27
16.
, C 13a. R 16a.
32. Phylloscopus borealis (Bias.) Dress, b — . c 20. R 34. (!A.)
Kennicott's Warbler.
33. Regulus calendula (L.) Licht. ^ I6I. c 21. R so.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
34. Regulus satrapa Licht. B 102. c 22. R 33.
Golden-crested Kinglet.
35. Regulus satrapa olivaceus Bd. b — . c — . r 33a. (?)
Western Golden-crested Kinglet.
36. Polioptila coerulea (L.) Scl. b 282. c 23. R 27.
Blue-gray Gnat-catcher.
37. Polioptila melanura Lawr. b 284. c 24. r 29.
Black-capped Gnat-catclicr.
38. Polioptila plumbea Bd. b 283. c 25. r 28.
Plumbeous Gnat-catcher.
39. Chamsea fasciata Gamb. B 274. c 20. R 35.
Wren-tit.
40. Lophophanes bicolor (L.) Bp. b 285. c 27. R 36.
Tufted Titmouse.
' back ngnin, and
ilder author.
1U8 entomologist,
iscd of a certain
•efroni, siniiifyin);
r. (cpi(T(rrfs, Kipa6i.
ula, a rock-inhiib-
•iliflom, and Or.
■or of tlie vine : "
', is an uncertain
■d to tliis species
were one wliicli
a ; verb (ri&A/C'">
er!
Icxico, Mfjlco, or
Is, near the bear.
ly gome supposed
; KiyKKlCu) is to
erhaps not before
av6s, blue ; nieaii-
— Lot. siiccira or
country the bird
J of si.nie of the
?aning " rcdtail,"
le species,
ika.
32. Phyl-l5'-sc8-pQs b6r-e-a'-lls. Gr. <pi\\ov, a leaf ; trKowSi, a watchman ; aitoirfu, I look
out, survey, examine ; as tliose birds peer about in tlie foliage. — Lat. boreas, the north-
wind, h. e., the north ; borealis, northern.
33. R6g'-u-liis c51-en'-dii-13. Lat. reyulus, diminutive of rex, a king; exactly equivalent to
"kinglet." — Calendula is a substantive whicii may be formed from the gerund of the
verb caleo, I am warm ; figuratively, glowing; in allusion to the fiery color on the liead.
It was apparently coined by Brisson, 17(50, for the lOuropean Reyulus cristaliis, but was in
1706 approjiriated by Linnaeus to the present species. The early ornithologists liad a
great variety of names for these diminutive birds, mostly indicating royalty or other
high station, in obvious reference to the "crown ; " as Rex, Re(/iilii.i, lieyillus, Tijmnnus or
Tvpavvos, Dnsillsciis or haaiKiaKos, Preshi/.i or ripfVjSiiy, BatriAcus ; to say nothing of
Orchilus or 'Opxi\os, Trochilus or TpoxlXos, Parus, Sylvia, Motacilla, Pass<ri:iiliis, Tioi/lodi/tts,
&c. The French Roitelet or Rotjtckl, and the Gernum iloniijlcili, correspond to " kinglet."
34. R. sat-ra'-p5. Lat. satraps, sntrapes, or satrapa, Gr. caTpdmis, from the Persian Utshulrani,
meaning a crown or a kingdom : English satrap. Alluding to the bird's golden crown.
35. R. s. fil-i-va-c6-fls. Late Lat. olivaceus, olivaceous, olive-colored. Sec Vireo, No. 170.
36. Pd-ll-op'-tl-la coe-rul'-6-S Isayrulca]. Gr. vo\i6s, hoary, gray ; irrlKov, feather ; in allu-
sion to the whitish edgings of tlie primaries. — Lat. eo-nf/cu or carulea or ctru/tu, blue,
azure. Any of these forms of the word is admissible. We prefer cniruUa.
37. P. mei-an-u'-rS. Gr. /ueAas, fern. ixtKawa, black ; olpa, tail. Sec Index, p. 137.
38. P. plum'-be-a. Lat. ;)/Mwi('Hs, plumbeous, lead-colored ; from ;)/hhi6u«i, lead.
39. Cham-ae'-a [kamay-ah] fas-cl-a'-ta. Gr. x"Ma'. adverb, on the ground. — Lat. fascis, a
bundle of faggots; hence, /(i,'.c(V(/».?, striped. The allusion is to tlie indistinct bands
across the tail-feathers of the bird that lives in bushes close to the ground.
40. L6ph-6'-pha-nes [-nace] bl'-cfil-Or. Gr. A(J<^os, a crest; and ^aivu,\ appear; in allusion
to the conspicuous crest. — Lat. i/ro/»r, two-colored.
N. B. — The accentuation of this and many similar words is questionable, and per-
haps arbitrary. We give tlie above in deference to technical rule, conformably with
Aristo'phanis, &c. The actual usage, in this cotmtry at least, is L6ph-6-pha'-nes ; and
^
'W
!
l'
1
j
I
j!
I'i
28
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBIC J " BIRDS.
41. Lophophanes inomatus (Gamb.) Cass, b c 28. r 38.
Plain Titmouse.
42. Lophophanes atrocristatus Cass, b 286. c 29. r 37.
Bladt-crested Titmouse.
43. Lophophanes woUweberi Bp. b 288. c so. r 39.
Bridled Titmouse.
44. Pams atricapillus L. b 290. c 31. r 41.
Blaclt-capped 'cliadeC'
45. Parus atricap. "eptentrionalis (HaiT.) All. b 289. c 3io. r iu.
Long-tailed Clik ^ee.
46. Parus atricapillus occidentalis (Bd.) Cones, b 291. c su. r 416.
Western Ciiicluidee.
47. Parus carolinensis Aud. b 293. c 316. r 42.
Carolina Chiclcadee. [Sec Addenda, No. 879.
48. Parus montanus Gamb. b 294. c 32. r 40.
Mountain Cliicliadee.
49. Parus hudsonicus Forst. b 290. c 33. r 45.
Hudsonian Cliicltadee.
!f
■:>', i
!
we instinctively incline to the latter, both as throwing the stress of voice on the radical
Byllable, instead of on the connecting vowel, and as the a in -phunes represents two vowels,
ai or «' as in phenomenon, phirnoii<imoiis.
41. L. In-or-na'-tQs. Lat. in, negative, and ornatiis, ornate, adorned; orno, I ornament.
42. L. a-tro-cris-ta'-ttis. Lat. atcr, utra, niriini, black ; and cristatus, crested ; crista, a crest.
Commonly written atricristatiis ; see Parus, No. 44.
N. B. — The tenability of the position taken by Dr. Coues (B. C. V., i, p. 117 ; 1878)
respecting atro-nishitus has been queried by several correspondents ; among them Mr.
W. C. Avery, of Greensboro', Ala., who some time since furnished an extensive com-
mentary on the names of the old Check List, and whose suggestions have often proved
valuable. Mr. Avery maintains atricriskitus, adducing albicrrata (sc. Jims) from Pliny,
15, 18; and o/n'-, albi, nuii/ni-, &c., is undoubtedly a correct form of such compounds.
But wo take cristatus to be a perfect participle, and put ater in the ablative of instru-
ment ; there being no such word as atrirrislatus, unless we coin it. We consider the word
equal to cristatus atro, conformably with usage in Pirus alliolarratus, Ti/rannus auranliu-alro-
cristatus, &c. Compare also the actual Latin anro-davatus, striped with golden.
43. L. woll-web'-«r-i. To Wollweber.
44. Pa'-rQs a-trl-cSp-il'-lfls. Lat. parus, a titmouse ; etymology in question, but apparently
parus for parvus, small, petty, like the actual adverb paruin, little ; Cr. iravpot, of same
signification, th. waueu ; cf. pau-cus, pau-lus, pau-prr, &c. — Lat. atricapillus, black-hair(ed) ;
ca/iillus, hair of the head ; a diminutive, allied to caput, and Or. Kf<paK-fi, the head. Com-
pare Knglish capillar;;, thready, hair-like, i. p., as fine as a hair. Notice atri-, not atro- ;
cf. lophophanes. No. 42. If the compound were with capillatus, it would be atrocapillatus.
46. P. a. sgp-tSn-trT-S-na'-lTs. Lat. septentrionalis, northern ; scptcmtrioncs (scptem and trio)
being the constellation of seven stars near the north pole.
46. P. a. 5c-cTd-gn-ta'-lIs. Lat. occidentalis, western ; occido, I fall ; i. e., where the sun sets.
47. P. c5-rai-ln-en'-sls. See Mimus, No. 10.
48. P. mon-ta'-nCis. Lat. montamis, relating to a mountain ; mons, genitive montis, a mountain.
49. P. hi5d-s6n'-I-cfls. Latinized f ro n the name of Henry Hudson, discoverer of the region.
i
■.<M»
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
29
31a. R 41a.
. R 416.
Idenda, No. 879.
;e on the radical
ents two vowels,
rnament.
; crista, a, crest.
, i, p, 117 ; 1878)
muoiig them Mr.
I I'xti'iisive coin-
ive often proved
('(•lis) from riiny,
iuch compounds,
jlativc of instni-
.'onsider tlie word
niiiis aiinuitlo-alro-
golden.
1, but apparently
. rravpos, of same
s, black-liair(ed) ;
the head. Com-
e nlri; not atro- ;
be atrocaiiilhitus.
(scptem and trio)
■re the sun sets.
>ntis, a mountain.
;r of the region.
50. Panis rufescens Towns, b 2<j5. c 34. r 46.
Cbestnut-backed Chickadee.
51. Parus rufescens neglectus Ridg. b — . c — . R46a. (?)
Caltfornian Chickadee.
52. Parus cinctus Bodd. B — . c — . R 44. (!a.)
Siberian Chickadee.
53. Psaltriparus minimum (Towns.) Bp. B 298. c 36. R 47.
Least Bush-tit.
54. Psaltriparus plumbeus Bd. b 299. c 36. r 48.
Plumbeous Bush-tit.
55. Psaltriparus melanotis (Haiti.) Bp. b 297. c — . r 49. (!m.)
Biack-eared Bush-tit.
56. Auriparus flaviceps (Sund.) Bd. B 300. c 37. R so.
Yeiiow-headed Verdin.
57. Sitta carolinensis Gm. b 277. c 38. R 51.
White-bellied Nut-batch.
58. Sitta carolinensis aculeata (Cass.) All. B 278. c 38a. R 5ia.
Slender-billed Nut-hatch.
50.
51.
53
54.
65.
56
P.
P.
P.
P.
ru-fes'-cens. Lat. rnfi'sceiui, present participle of tlie inceptive verb nifisco, to grow red ;
be rufous. — "Cliickadee" is an obvious onomatopoeia, from the bird's note,
r. neg-lec'-tus. Lat. MP(/fcc/((s, neglected ; verb nc (//(V/o ; eijual to wc (hoh), not, and leclus,
chosen, picked, taken ; lego, I gather in, select, &c. Najkcl is a nearly exact opposite
of collect.
53. P. cinc'-tus. Lat. cinctus, girdled; perfect participle of ciw/o, I surround, encompass,
encircle. A cimjulam is a little something that goes around as a girdle docs, whence
surciwile, cincke.
P-sal-trl-pa'-riSs min'-l-mfls [sound the initial p ; the a in parus is properly long ; some-
times shortened in composition]. Lat. /(sa/<na, Gr. i^£{\Tpio, one who plays on tiie lute;
from the verb psallo, }\i<i\\oi, to strike such an instrument ; English psaltery, &c. ; and
parux, a titmouse. See No. 44. — Lat. minimus, least, superlative of parvus, small.
plum'-b6-iis. Lat. plumbeus, plumbeous, lead-colored.
m6l-an-5'-tIS. Gr. fitKas, genitive ixeKavos, black ; oh, genitive airds, ear.
Not in tiie orig. cd. of tlie Ciieek List, and scarcely establislied as North American,
thougli given by Baird in 1858. Supposed to liave been spjn by Ridgway in Nevada,
August, 18(38. See Rep. Surv. 40th Par., iv, 1877, p. 415. See Index, p. 1.37.
Aur-I-pa'-rfls [owriparus] fla'-vl-ceps. Lat. aureus, goli'r ., from aurum, gold ; and parus,
a titmouse. — Lat.y?(/('((s, yellow, (or Jla(jrus, from Jlacjro, to glow; whence English defla-
grate, flagrant, &c. Ceps is a Lat. termination, from Gr. Ke(paK-ii, the head; compare
caput, cephalic, occiput, &c. — A more strict metiiod of compounding aure-us with parus
would give aureiparus; but it may be taken direct from aurum, making auriparus admis-
sible; as we should say "gold-tit," like" bush-tit," "coal-tit."
Sit'-t5 ca-r8-lln-5n'-s!s. Gr. (rtrra, (titttj ; Lat. sitta, a nut-hatch ; the word occurs in
Aristotle. It is related to o-tTrtiKTi, (((ittokoj, Lat. sittare, psitlacus, a parrot ; the implication
being some sharp sound made by the bird, as English jisii ! There is a Greek verb
i(/iTT({^(tf, to make sticli a noise. — Lat. carolinensis, see Mimus, No. ll).
S. c. 5-cQ-l6-a'-t5. Lat. no(/en^«s, sharpened, dim. «n(/eHs, sharp, (((•».>.■, a needle ; from ncpr,
sharp, tir. axis, a point ; compare aKwy, aKfuri, (txpos, &c., English acme, acropolis, acer-
bity, acrimony, and numberless words in many languages, from ^(i^-.
67,
58
80
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
!| lit
:i! I
69. Sitta canadensis L. b 279. c. 39. r tf2.
Red-bellied Nut-hatch.
60. Sitta pusilla Lath, b 280. c. 40. r cs.
Browu-beaded Nut-hatch.
61. Sitta pygmaea Vig. b 28I. C4i. rm.
Pygmy Nut-hatch.
62. Certhia familiaris L. b 275. c 42. r 55.
Brown Creeper.
63. Campylorhynchns brunneicapiUus (Lafr.) Gr. b 202. c 43. r B6.
Browu-headed Cactus Wren.
64. Campylorhynchus aflanis Bd. b — . c 44. r 57.
St. Lucas Cactus Wren.
65. Salpinctes obsoletus (Say) Cab. b 204. c 45. r ss.
liock Wren.
66. Catherpes mexicanus (Sw.) Bd. b 203. c — . r 59. (!M)
Caiion Wren.
59.
60.
61. S
63.
63.
64.
65.
66.
S. c5-nad-gn'-sls. Latinized from Canadian. — Nuthatch is nut-liatcher or nut-hacker (Fr.
hacher, Swed. hticku), tlie bird tliat haclcs, pecks, nuts; also called nut-jobber, to /o6
being to peck, or tlirust at.
S. pQ-sil'-ia [puceellah, not pewzillerj. Lat. pusillim, petty, puerile ; directly formed from
putr, pusus, or ptisiu (Gr. jrojs), a boy ; here and connnonly used simply as signifying
small. The Sanskrit root reappears in endless forms of kindred meaning,
pyg-mae'-a. Gr. Truyni), the fist ; hence irvyfiaws, Lat. pyijtmtus, a pygmy, fistling, or
tom-lhumb. As a measure of length, from elbow to clenciied list, a itvyn-h was about
104 inches ; the original Pygmies were a race of African dwarfs at war with the Cranes ;
pi/ymiLits came afterward to mean any thing pygmy, dwarfed, and is here ai)plicd to a
very small nut-hatch. Compare Machetes pmjmij; No. (KO.
Cer'-thI-5 f5m-ll-l-a'-rls. Gr. Kfpdios, Lat. cirlliius, become later certhia. The name
occurs in Aristotle, who apparently uses it for this very species, which he also calls
Kvtvo\6yos, rtiipoliHjHs ; that is to say, a gatlierer of insects ; Kvltft, a bug, and \tyu, I col-
lect. — JM. familian's, familiar, domestic, hence common; J'amilia, or older_/awii/ias, the
family, the household.
Cam-pJ>-16-rhyn'-chQs brun-nei-cSp-Il'-liSs [broonaycapecUus]. Gr. KoyuTriJAos, bent, from
KdfxvTw, I bond ; and pvyxos (rhynclius), beak. — Lat. bniimciis, brown ; capillus, hair. The
adjective brunneus is post-classic, Latinized from It. hnino, ¥r. Imiii, Germ, braui: ; A. S.
hi/rnan, to burn ; related are hrami, brunt, and many similar words, among them brant ; see
licrniihi, No. TOO.
C. af-fin'-!s laffeon'is], Lat. njfinls, i. c, ad and Jinis, at the end of, hence bordering on,
neighboring ; here in tin- sense of related to, resembling, having nj/niilij with. No. 03.
Sal-pinc'-tes ob-sa-le'-tfls. Gr. craAiri7«T^i, a trumpeter, becoming in Latin salpinctes, from
(rrfAiri7{ (salpig.\== salpinx), a trumpet ; in allusion to the bird's loud, ringing song. —
Lat. obsoletus, unaccustomed, from oh, against, and soleo, I am wont ; hence obsolete, in
sense of effaced, all the colors of the bird being dull. — Wren is A. S. verenna.
C5th-Sr'-p5s mSx-I-ca'-nQs. Gr. KafltpTr^i, a creeper; KaBipvw, I creep down, from KarA,
down, iind tpiru, I creep, crawl. The stem of the word is seen in herpes, the disease
which creeps over the skin ; herpetoXoify , the science of creeping things, reptiles ; repto or
rcpo, I creep, in Latin, siniply altered from fpir«. — Lat. mexicanus, see No. 28.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
$1
67. Catherpes mexican as conspersus Ridg. b — . c 46. r 59a.
Speckled Caiion Wren.
68. Thryothorus ludovicianus (Gra.) Bp. b 2(55. r 47. r co.
Carolina Wren.
69. Thryothorus ludovicianus miamiensis Ridg. u — . — . r go6.
Floridan Wren.
70. Thryothorus ludovicianus berlandieri (Couch) Coues. b 2(jc. c 47a. r coa.
Texan Wren.
71. Thryothorus bewicki (And.) Bp. b 207. c 48. r 61.
Bewick's Wren.
72. Thryothorus bewicki leucogaster Bd. b — . c 48a. r 6I6.
Wiiite-bellied Wren.
73. Thryothorus bevAcki spilurus (Vig.) Bd. b — . C486. R6ia. (?)
Speckled-tailed Wren.
74. Troglodytes domesticus (Bartr.) Couea. B 270, 272. c 49. R C3.
House Wren.
75. Troglodytes domesticus parkmani (Aud.) Coues. B271. C49a. R63o.
Western House Wren.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
67. C m. con-sp5r'-sQs. Lat. conspersus, speckled ; perfect participle of cnnsperrjo, from con
and s/;«)Y/o (Gr. vtrdpu), I strew, scatter, sprinkle ; whence English nimrse, scattered, and
many other words, as disperse, aspersion. — The Span, canon, brutalized as Eng. canyon, is
constantly used in the West for rocky gorge or mountain-pass.
Thry-8-tho'-rQs lu-do-vI-cI-a'-nQs. Or. epiov, a reed, rush, and Oovpos, a leaping, spring-
ing, from {eSpa,), 0ptiaK(o, I run or rush tiirougli. The penult is marked long, as equiv.a-
lent to Gr. oO. — Lat. Liuloviciana, Louisiana, of or relating to rMloriciis, Louis (XIV.,
of France). The old Territory was vastly more extensive than the present State is.
T. 1. mI-5-mI-en'-sIs. LaHnizcd from the name of the Miami river in Florida.
T. 1. b6r-15n'-dl-er-i. To Dr. Louis Berlandier, a naturalist, sometime resident in Mexico.
T. be'-wTck-i. To Thomas Bewick, " the father of wood-engraving."
T. b. Ieu-c6-gas'-ter [lewco-|. Gr. \fv,c6s, white, and yaariip, stomach, belly; whence
F^nglish gastric, gastronomy.
73. T. b. spll-u'-rfls. Gr. o-jr/Aor, spotted ; oSpa, tail.
74. Trog-W'-dy-tes [-tace] dem-es'-tl-cQs. Gr. rpwyXoUrvs, a cave-dweller, from Tpd,y\v, a
cave (literally, a hole iiiiule l.y gnawing — Tpci7a., I gnaw), and Sirvs, .an inhabitant,
from Suva, or Uu, I go in or inider. The TpwyhMrat or Troqiod ijhe were a cave-dwelling
people of ^Ethiopia. The name was later applied to a kind of wren. — Lat. domesticus,
domestic, from domns,a. house. — The specific name f,7'V/»». applied by Yieillot to this
bird, is the Gr. ar)h<iv, a songster, par excellence the nightingale; from aeiSa, I sing. — The
pronunciation of Trof/lodi/ies wavers ; we mark it as commonly heard, and also as seems to
be defensible, in Latin, the penult being indubitably short; though to do so violates one
of the leading principles of Greek accentuation, that no word with the ultimate long
is a proparoxytone. Many persons say Tro(j'lodfi"tes, conformably with English Trog'-
lodyte". The case is precisely parallel with that of Lopho'phaiii-s, q. v.. No. 40; and the
analogy of ArisMphanes is not decisive, the Greek being ' kpurTo<pivns or 'Aptarotpaults,
not 'Api(rTd(pov7)s.
75. T. d. park'-m5n-I. To Dr. George Parkman, of Boston, murdered by Professor John W.
Webster, in 1849.
'jl'l!"^
32
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
76. Anorthura troglodytes hiemalis (WiU.) Coucs. B 273. c 60. R 65.
winter Wren.
77. Anorthura troglodytes pacificus (Bd.) Ridg. b — . c — . r 660. (?)
Western Winter Wren.
78. Anorthura troglodytes alascensis (Bd.) Cones, b — . c 50a. R66.
Alaskan Winter Wren.
79. Telmatodytes palustris (Bartr.) Cab. b 268. c 51. r 67.
Long-billed Marsh Wren.
80. Telmatodytes palustris paludicola Bd. b — . c — . r 67o. (?)
Tule Marsh Wren.
81. Cistothorus stellaris (Licht.) Cab. b 269. c 52. r 68.
Short-billed Marsh Wren.
82. Eremophila alpestris (L.) Boie. b 302. c 53. r 300.
Horned Lark; Shore Lark.
83. Eremophila alpestris leucolaema Coucs. b — . c 536. r sooa. (?)
Western Shore Lark.
84. Eremophila alpestris chrysolsema (Wagl.) Bd. b — . c 53a. r 300c.
Southern Shore Lark.
l;
li
76. An-5r-thu'-ra tr6g-l6'-dy-t5s hl-fim-a'-lls. Or. i. or iv, privative, opflrfy, straiglit, oZpa,
tail. The name was invcntcil by Keniiie, because lie considered Troi]lodijles etymologi-
cally inapplicable to a wren. — Lat. hiemalis or hijemalis, of or pertaining to winter ; from
(hiemps) hiems or hi/ems, winter, a weakened form of the Gr. x^'M"' « gusiiing, a torrent,
or x«/"^>'i '''c rainy, tempestuous, or winter season ; Skr. Iiiina, snow. We oftener use
the y than the i, but the latter is correct.
77. A. t. pa-cl'-ft-ctis. Lat. /)aci/j''"s, pacific, peaceful, literally peace-making, from pax, geni-
tive pads, peace, anHfacio, I make, do. The application i.s to the occurrence of the bird
on the west coast of the United States.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. (Baird, Rev. Am. B., i, 1804, p. 145.)
78. A. t. I-l3s-cSn'-sTs. Alascensis, relating to Alaska.
79. Tel-m5-t6'-dy-tes pal-us'-trls. Gr. tjA^o, genitive xeA^aToj, a marsh or swamp; SiJrris, an
inhabitant, from Sva>, I go in or under. — Lat. palustris, adjective from palus, a marsh,
whenf'o palustrine, like lacustrine from lams, marine from mare.
80. T. p. pSl-u-dl'-cJhlS. Lat. pains, genitive paludis, a marsh; and {in)cola, an inhabitant.
See No. 79.
Not in the orig. ed. of tlie Check List. (Baird, Rev. Am. B., i, 1864, p. 148.)
81. Cis-t6-th5'-rtSs stel-la'-rls. Gr. Kiaros. a shrub, an<l Bovpos, from {edpu) 9piLaK«, I run or
rush through ; compare Tlin/olliorits, No. 08. Calmnis, who coined the word in 1850, gives
Cifldd)lupfcr as the German translation. Lat. stellaris, stellar, starry, adjective from stella,
a star, like aster, Gr. io-r^p ; here in the sense of speckled.
83. Er-6-m6'-ph!-l5 al-p5s'-trls. Gr. iprjuos, a desert; tpiK^w, I love. — Lat. Alpestris (not
classic), from Alpes, Alps ; perhaps from aK<p6s, albus, white ; that is, snowy.
83. E. a. leQ-cfi-IaS'-mS. Gr. \fvK6s, white ; \aifi6s, the throat.
This is a slight variety, lately described by Coues from the high central plains ; it is
the bleached form of that region. (B. N. W., 1874, p. 38.)
84. E. a. chry-sfi-lae'-mS. Gr. xpi<f*of> golden ; that is, of a golden color, from XP*>'^*! 8<>I<^ i
and Aoi;u<Ji, the throat. — A. S. la/erc, Scot, laverock; Germ. lerdje, Eng. lark.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
88
85. Alauda arvensis L. b — . c — . R 299. (!E.)
European Skylark.
86. Motacilla alba L. b — . c — . r go. (g.)
White Wagtail.
87. Budytes flavus (L) Gr. B — . c M. R 70.
Yellow Wagtail.
88. Anthus pratensis (L.) Bcchst. B — . c anbu. r 72. (!r.)
Meadow Pipit.
89. Anthus ludovicianus (Gm.) Licht. B lor.. c 55. R 71.
Ijouisiana I'ipit; American Titlark.
00. Neocorys spraguii (And.) Kd. b lec. c oc. r 73.
Missouri Skylark; Spruguc's Tipit.
in inhabitant.
85. A-lau'-dS ar-v5n'-sls. Lat. alaiidn, a larlt, said to be literally " a great songstress," or one
wlio sings on liigli; from tlie Celtic al, great, liigli, and ami, song. Some say from (ir.
iAij, roaming, and uS-ii, song ; i. e. the bird tliat sings as she soars. The form of tlie
word might suggest tila, wing, and laiis, genitive laudi:., praise; as if the bird sang praises
on wing. But tlie Celtic is the only tenable etymon. — Lat. arvensis, relating to a
plougiied field; arcum, arable land; arvits for armis, ploughed; aro, I plougii.
Not in the orig. ed. Said to occur in Greenland, Alaska, and the Bermudas.
86. M5-t5-cil'-15 al'-bS. Lat. motacilla = wagtail, " iiiiod semper caiidam rnovet," early applied
to some small bird ; Lat. moveo, motiis, I move, motion, and Gr. KiWai of similar
gignifieation. There is a Greek word KiWoupos, for the wagtail ; on the contrary there
arc the Lat. alliicilla, ulricilla, meaning white-tail, black-tail, &c. The implication in
either ease seems to be tail, considered as a movable part. Compare Vv. hochequeuc.
Not in the orig. ed. The species is North American only as occurring in Greenland.
87. BQ'-dy-t5s fla'-viis. Bixh/irs is an unknown word to us, unless conjectured to be Sirris,
with the augmentative particle fiov-. See Trmjhdijles, No. 74. The particle fiov, however,
Is from /Sous, a bull, o.\, cow, and becomes " augmentative," just as we say " horse-laugh,"
"bull-finch," "elephant-folio," &c., being therefore of obvious inapplicability to this deli-
cate little bird.
Since the above was written, Air. Henry T. "Wharton, of London, has kindly replied
to queries respecting various words of which we were in doubt. In this case, his MS.
confirms the above etymology, but in a different application; the actual form, /3oi;Suttjs,
being found in " Opj)., I.\. ;5. 2," for some small binl ; qit., one that goes among cattle '>.
There is some question whether the yellow wagtail of Alaska be the true lljlavns.
83. An'-thus pra-ten'-sls. Lat. nnlhis, Gr. Scfloi, a kind of bird. — Lat. prtttrnsit, adjective from
pratiim, a meadow. For authiis, compare itnanihe = vilijlora, under Sarirohi, No. 2(i.
This is North Aniericnii as found in Greenland, and said to also occur in Alaska.
89. A. lu-do-vI-cI-a'-nOs. Lat. f.ndorlnis, nom. prop. See Thripthonis, No. 08. ripit, little
iised in this country, though always said for these birds in Kngland, is an onomatop<eia
(ovo/ioToiroifa, word-making to express the sense by the sound), like the Lat. jiipio, I pip,
peep, chirp; see I'Ipiln, No. ;501. Titlark is good English for a small kind of lark, like
<iV-mouse, Xm\\4it ; tit in all its forms, and with numerous related words, conveying the
sense of something little or otherwise insignificant.
90. Ne-8'-c6-rj?s spra'-gu!-i [three syllables]. Gr. vios, new; Kopus, primarily a helmet;
hence applied to the crested lark. — To Isaac Spraguc, companion of Audubon on the
Missouri.
84
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
01. Mniotilta varia (L.) V. b 107. c 87. R 74.
Black-and-white Creopor.
92. Mniotilta varia borealis (Nutt.) Ridg. b — . c — . R 74a. (?)
Small-billed Creeper.
03. Parula americana (L.) Bp. b ics. c 58. R 88.
Blue Yollow-backod Warbler.
04. Parula nigrilora Coucs. b — . c — . r 89a.
Sennett's Warbler.
05. Protonotaria citrea (Gm.) Bd. b igo. c 59. r 75.
Prothonotary Warbler.
06. Helmintherus vermivorus (Gm.) Bp. b 178. c go. r 77.
Worm-eating Warbler.
:|
j iii^li^
li
1'
i
91. Mnl-S-til'-ta v5r'-I-5. Or. /uvfox, mosB, nnd riAAa, I pluck, or TiArrfj, plucked. Ncitlier
the ortliograpliy nor tlie nppliciibility of tlic word ia obvious. Vicillot -.vrote sometimes
mniotilta, soiiiutimcs mniotilla. Tlie conjectured iij)|)lieation is to tlie weaving of moss into
a nest. — Lat. varia, variegated, as this bird is witli black and white.
92. M. V. bOr-e-a'-lIs. Lat. borealis, northern. See Phi/lluscopiis, No. 32.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Clicck List.
03. Pa'-riS-15 5m-6r-l-ca'-n5. Lat. pimtUi, diminutive from ]mrus, a titmouse, 7. v., No. 44.
— Lat. americana, American. America is generally supposed to derive its name from
Amerigo Vespucci, Latini/ed Amcricus Vcspucius ; and is said to have first appeared in
the form of Ammica I'lovincin, on a map published at Biisle in l.')22. The counter-argu-
ment is : (1) The name if from the Italian navigator's would have been from his surname.
(2) HJs nnmo was Albcrico Vespuzio. (3) Amcric, or Amerique, is the native name of
a range of mountains in Nicaragua. " It is most plausible that the State of Central
America, where we find the name Americ signifying great mountain, gave the continent
its name." (Blavatsky, Isis Unveiled, i, p. f)02.) The author cited seeks to establish a
connection witli tlie Hindu Morn, or Meriiah, of similar signification.
94. P. nlg-rl-15'-r5. Lat. niijer, black; and lorum, a thong, strap, a bridle-rein; lionco the
cheeks, along wliich tlie bridle passes. The " lore " has become in ornitliology a techni-
cal name for a small space on the side of a bird's head between the eye and the bill.
Not in the first ed. of the Ciieck List. Lately discovered in Te.xas by Jlr. George B.
Sennett. See Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, p. 11.
05. Pr5-t8-n6-ta'-rI-5 cit'-r6-5. Low Latin for prothonotary ; from Gr. irpiiroy, first, and Lat.
notarius, a scribe, a notary-public. The bird is le Protonoliiire of Buffon, Latinized by
Gmelin na prolonotariiis in 1788; but for tlie name, as Pennant observed in 1785, " the
reason has not reached us." — Lat. citrea, of or pertaining to the citron, in allusion to the
yellow color.
96. Hel-min-the'-rQs ver-ml'-vSr-Qs. Gr. tA/uivs, genitive i\fxtveos, and Biipiov, from O'fip, an
animal. The word is very incorrectly coniimunded. Its full form is lielmintholherinm ;
we may perhaps reduce it by elision to helmintherus, but helmithcrus, as originally written
by Rafinesque, is inadmissible. This is the accepted derivation; but we may suggest a
short cut to the same etymon, e^p, an animal; iXfiiv6n9i\pas, a worm-hunter, l-ke t .2
actual opvtdoBiipas, a fowler, in Aristoph., Av. 62 ; being t'A/uii'i and fl^o, the chase, from
6ilp; though we hesitate to act upon this by writing Ilelmintheras. — Lat. vermivorus,
worm-eating, from vermis, a worm (verto, I turn, in the sense of squirming or wriggling)
and voro, I eat.
1
t
■■'■?
:}
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
86
')
Iced. Ncitlier
)te sometimes
; of moss into
7. v., No. 44.
ts name from
it appeared in
countor-argu-
11 his surname,
ntive name of
te of Central
tlie continent
to establisli a
n ; lience the
ojty a toL'hni-
(1 tiie bill.
»Ir. George B.
first, and Lat.
Latinized by
in 1785, " the
iiusion to tlic
, from eiip, an
minthulherium ;
inally written
lay suggest n
titer, I'ke t .2
e chase, from
it. vermivorus,
or wrigglingj
97. Helminthenis swainsoni (Aud.) Bp. d i7». C61. 1170.
Swainson'B Warbler.
98. Helminthophaga pinus (L.) Bd. b 18O. c ca. r 79.
Blue-winged Yellow Wurbler.
99. Helminthophaga lawrencii Ilcrrick. b — . c — . R so. (?)
Lawrence's Warbler.
100. Helminthophaga leucobronchialis Brewster, b — . c — . r 82. (?)
Whlto-throated Warbler.
101. Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis Langdon. b — . c — . r — . (?)
Cincinnati Warbler.
102. Helminthophaga chrysoptera (L.) Bd. b I81. c C3. r 81.
Blue GoUlen-wingcd Warbler.
103. Helminthophaga bachmani (Aud.) Cub. B 182. c C4. R 78.
Bacliman's Warbler.
104. Helminthophaga luciae Coop, b — . cos. r 83.
Lucy's Warbler.
105. Helminthophaga virginiae Bd. b — . cgo. r 84.
Virginia's Warbler.
106. Helminthophaga ruficapilla (Wils.) Bd. b 183. c c7. r 85.
Nashville Warbler.
97. H. sw5in'-s8n-i. To Wm, Swainson, Esq., the celebrated English naturalist. Notice
that tills word, like others containing tlie letter w, cannot be Latinized without change ;
the nearest Latin would be sua-ln'-sOni, in four syllables. See also lawrencii, next but
one below ; this sliould be laHren'-cU or lat'-ren'-cU. But it is futile, finical, and pedantic
to undertake sucli transliterations in tlie cases of modern proper names.
HSl-min-th6'-ph5-g5 pi'-niSs. Gr. f\fns, a worm, and <payeTv, to oat. — Lat. pimis, Or.
irlrvs, a pine-tree. Notice that pimis is a substantive, not an adjective ; it may be put in
the genitive, jiiims, of a pine, but is just as well left nominative.
H. iaw-r«n'-cl-i. To George N. Lawrence, Esq., of New York, long time one of the lead-
ing ornithologists of America.
Not in orig. ed. Since described, Pr. Phila. Acad., 1874, p. 220, pi xv.
H. leii-c6-bron-chI-a'-lIs. Gr. \(uk6s, white, and 0p6yxos, the throat; this becomes in
Latin hroiic/iiis, wlionce the adjective In-onrliidlis, English brnnrhinl, hronrhllis, &c.
Not in orig. ed. Since described, Bull. Nutt. Club, i, 1870, p. 1, pi.
H. cin-cin-n5-tl-5n'-sls. Of Cincinnati, Ohio, where discovered.
Not in the orig. ed. Lately described by V. W. Langdon, in Jonrn. Cine. Soc. Nat.
Hist., ii, July, 1880, p. 119, and Bull. Nuttall Club, v, October, 1880, p. 208. pi. iv.
H. chry-sop'-t6-r5. Gr. xpuaoitTfpos, golden-winged, from xpv^s, gold, and irrepdv, wing.
H. b5ch'-m5n-i. To Rev. John Bachman, D.D., of Charleston, S. C, collaborator with
Audubon in the " Quadrupeds of North America."
H. Iu'-cl-a5. To Miss Lucy Baird, daughter of Professor S. F. Baird.
H. vir-gln'-l-ae. To Mrs. Virginia Anderson, wife of Dr. W. W. Anderson, who discov-
ered the bird.
1 06. H. ru-fl-c5p-il'-15. Lat. riifu.i, reddish, and capillus, hair of the head. See Pans, No. 44.
0S.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
80
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBIC AN BIRDS.
V\\
107. Helminthophaga celata (Say) Bd. b 184. c C8. R so.
OniiiKO-cruwuod Wurblor.
108. Helminthophaga celata lutescens Ridg. b — . c csa. u son.
Ptu'lUc OruuKO-i* row lied Wurblor.
109. Helminthophaga peregriua (Wils.) Cub. b iso. c co. r S7.
Teuiicsseo Wurbler.
110. Peucedraraus olivaceus (Olr.) Coues. b — . c — . r 92.
Olivo Warbler.
111. DendrcBca aestiva (Gm.) Bd. b 203. c 7o. r 93.
Summer M'arblor.
112. Dendrceca virens (dm.) Bd. b iso. c 71. R 107.
Blttck-th routed Circoii Wurbler.
113. DendrcBca occidentalis (Tuwns.) Bd. b i90. c 72. rio9.
Western Wurbler.
114. DendrcEca townsendi (Niitt.) Bd. b 191. c 73. r los.
Townseud's Wurbler.
107. H. c8-lS'-tI. Lat. cc/(ifi/s, concealcil, f n .n c«/o ; tlic orange color of thu crown being hidden.
108. H. c. lu-t5s'-cSns. Lat. inceptive verb lutenco, present participle lutescens, from liiteKs,
yellow ; from liitiim, an herb used in dyeing yellow. There i.s ai^tiially no such verb as
luli'sco, the describcr of the species having apparently mistaken lutism, I grow muddy,
become miry, for a supposed lulcsi-o, I grow yellow, by some confounding of liiteus,
muddy, loamy {hence possibly clay-colored or yellowish) with liiiina, golden-yellow. The
bright yi'llownes.s of the bird in comparison with //. alu/n being its prime characteristic,
the propriety of assuming the tlerivation to be from tutuiii, and lieitcc writing lutescens,
from a supposed lutrsio, is obvious.
A form lately distinguished by Ridgway, Am. Journ. Sei., .3d scr., iv, 1872. p. 457.
109. H. pgr-i-gri'-nS. Lat. peregrinus, wandering, alien, e.xotic, that comes from foreign parts ;
from })er, through, and wjer, a field or land ; literally, " across country."
110. Peu-ce'-dr5-mi5s fil-I-va'-cC-tSs. Gr. irtvicri, a pine-tree, and Spa/ufrc, 2d aorist infinitive,
from Tpf'xtti, I run. Tlie allusion is to the pine creejiing habits of the bird. N. B. Many
genera are compounded from the same root, and spelled either ■(Intiiiiis or -ilromiis. Either
is correct. — Lat. olirareus, pertaining to the olive; in tiiis case, in color, oliraceous.
Not in the orig. ed. Since discovered in Arizona by IL W. ileuiihaw.
111. D5n-droe'-c5 ags-ti'-v5 [diiyndrwaykah aystcevah]. Gr. SfvSpov, a tree, and oikcoi, I
inhabit ; oIkos, a habitation. The word was originally compounded Ihmlroica by G. R.
Gray : later emended as above. The fidl form would bo Di'iidrwcelis, like PottciOs,
Neiihircelfs (oiwtjt^s, an inliabit.'int). — Lat. a'Klirn, adjective from (ruins, the summer
season ; (cstus, heat, ardor (Gr. atdw, I burn). Notice the long accented penult.
112. D. vir'-ens [pronounced virraynce]. Lat. virens, participle present of rirro, T grow green.
113. D. 8c-cl-den-ta'-ll3. Lat. occidentalis, occidental, western; that is, in the place where the
sun sets ; from occido, I fall down.
1 14. D. town'-sgnd-I. To J. K. Townsend, Esq., companion of Nuttall during his travels.
The first syllable of this word represents the exact pronunciation of Latin au diphthong
— like English ow; as if we made it W-fin-.
CHECK LIST OF NOllTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
87
being Iiidilcn.
from luteiix,
suuli verb iis
ijrow muddy,
ling of iStcus,
■yellow. The
Imraetoristic,
iting lutcsceiis,
1872. p. 457.
orelgn parts ;
rist infinitive,
N. B. Many
oiniis. Either
rareous.
and oiKfai, I
oica by (J. U.
like PiMto'Us,
the summer
nult.
grow green.
ice where the
X his travels.
au diphthong
116. Dendroeca chrysoparla Scl. & Snlv. n — . c 74. n 100.
Guldon-choekod Warbler.
116. Dondrceca nigrescens (Towns.) lid. n 192. c 7B. r 10a.
Illiu-k-throutod Gray Warblor.
117. Dendrceca ccerulescens (L.) Bd. b 193. c 70. r 04.
Illaek-throatol Blue Warbler.
118. Dondrceca ccsrulea (Wils.) Bd. B201.C77 Rus
('ooruleaii Warbler.
119. Dendroeca coronata (L.) Gr. b 194. c 78. r 95.
Yellow-runiped Warbler.
120. Dendrceca auduboni (Towns.) Bd. b 195. c 79. r 96.
Audubon's Warbler.
121. Dendrceca blackburnae (Gm.) Bd. b 196. c so. r 102.
Blackburn's Warblor.
123. Dendrceca striata (Forst.) Bd. B 202. c 81. r 101.
Black-poll Warbler.
123. Dendroeca castanea (Wils.) Bd. b 197. c 82. r 100.
Bay-breasted Warbler.
115. D
118. D.
117. D.
118. D.
119. D.
120. D.
121. D.
122. D.
123. D.
. chry-s6-p5r-i'-5. Gr. xpvri', gold, and waptid, cheek. Greek diphthong u bocomps
long 1 in Latin : hence, -parla, not -pareia; see also beyond, among the names of pigeons
ending in -/x/iu.
nlg-res'-cSns. Lat. nigresco, I grow black; an inceptive verb, present participle
tili/resreiis, equivalent to being blackish, or partly black. See No. 120.
coe-rul-es'-cens [pronounced sayruliaysaynce]. Lat. cnrulcsco, I grow blue; a coined
inceptive verb from canulais, blue; this from calnm, the (blue) sky ; compare Gr. KOiXoi,
hollow, i. e., the vault of heaven, and cwlare or ctlare, to conceal, as if in a hollow place,
&c. N. B. Tlicre is constant difference of orthography: either ae- or cir- is defensible;
the former seems preferable. In English we may write indifferently cwrulean, cctrulean,
or cerulean.
coe-rul'-g-a. See last word.
c6r-5-na'-t5. Lat. comiatus, crowned, from corom, a crown, garland, or wreath. Gr.
Kopwt/ri.
aQd'-fl-b6n-i. To John James Audubon, " the American backwoodsman;" as ho liked
to be called.
black'-burn-ae. To Mrs. Blackburn, an English lady. Commonly written hhrl-burnia;
in four syllables, with accent on the antepenult ; more correctly as above. Diacritical
marks are futile in such a case as this ; the English name is never pronounced blark-
boorn, as it would be according to rule for the quantity of the vowels in Latin.
strl-a'-t5. Lat. participial adjective from strio, I furrow, channel, flute, groove, striate,
stripe ; slria, substantive, a furrow, stripe, &c.
cas-tan'-e-5. Lat. castanea, a chestnut ; in allusion to the bay or chestnut color. The
word is a noun, but is constantly used adjectivally. Gr. Ktxaravov, the nut of Castana, a
city of Thessaly.
'^jy^^
38
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
: I
i !
124. DendrcBca pennsylvanica (L.) Bd. b 200. c 83. r 99.
Chestnut-sliled Warbler.
125. DendroBca maculosa (Gm.) Bd. b 204. c 84. 11 97.
Blaek-and- Yellow Warbler.
126. Dendrceca tigrina (Gm.) Bd. b 206. c 85. r 90.
Cape May Warbler.
127. Dendrceca discolor (V.) Bd. b 210. c 86. r 114.
Prairie Warbler,
128. Dendrceca graciae Couos. b — . c 87. r 104.
Grace's Warbler.
129. Dendrceca dominica (L.) Bd. b 209. c 88. r io.3.
Yellow-throated Warbler.
130. Dendrceca dominica albilora Bd. b — . c ssa. r losa.
Wliite-cheekcd Warbler.
131. Dendrceca kirtlandi Bd. b 205. c 89. r 110.
KIrtland's Warbler.
132. Dendrceca palmarum (Gm.) Bd. b 208. c 90. r 113.
Yellow Red-poll Warbler.
I '<
124. D. p8nn-syl-va'-nl-c5. An n(!jcctivc coined from gi/lranus, pylv.in, this from si/Ira, whicli
18 sibilati'd and dipjaniniated from Or. if\7/= ((t)vKFi}, a wood ; iirecedi'd by tlie name of
William IVnn ; "I'cnn's woods." Tho modern use of the // is less eorreet tlian / would
be. The whole word would preferably be written iwnsik-onica, as it is in some ornitho-
logical works of the last century.
125. D. mS-cQl-5'-si. Lat. maculosiis, spotted or full of spots ; mdcula, a spot.
126. D. tlg-ri'-n5. Lat. /tV/nHM.s, striped (like a tiger, ^V/ns, Gr. rlypis). The quantity of the
antepenult is doubtful, i)erliaps connnon. IJy ordinary rule, it is long, and Tifiiis makes
the final spondee of some hexan)eter lines. On the other hard, the coirbination of a
mute or y and a liquid does not n.cessarily lengthen a preceding vowel in j)rose ; and
some other combinations of consonants also permit the vowel to remain short, in eases
of (Jreek words, as Cijrniis or ('ijiimis. We leave it short, as usually heard. — /'cn'.swi-
glnsun, a generic- name now often used for this species, is the Gr. wfpia-aos and yXucrna, in
allusion to the peculiarity of the laciniate tongue.
127. D. dis'-cfll-6r. Lat. (liscolnr (post-classic), party K'olored ; opposed to coiicnior, whole-colored.
128. D. gri'-cI-aS. To Mrs. Charles A. Page, h^c Grace Darling Cones, the author's sister.
Would more oirictly be written ijratiic (Lat. (]rat!a, grace, favor, thanks).
129. D. dfim-Tn'-I-c5. Lat. dominicus, relating to the lord or master of the household, domiima ;
(lom)is, a. house. So, to domiimte, to have dominion. The application is here to the West
Indian island named originally Ilayti, then San Domingo. The bird was early described
from that locality.
130. D. d. Jl-bT-l6'-r5. Lat. albii.i, white, and lonim, the lore or cheek. See Pnnila, No. 04.
131. D. kirt'-land-i. To Dr. .Tared 1'. Kirtland, of t)hio. Sec remarks under /). WdrWjHnio!.
132. D. pal-mS'-rQm. Lat. palmarum, of the palms, genitive plural ot imhna, a palm.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
39
133. Dendrceca palmarum hypochrysea Ridg. b — . c — . r nsa. (?)
Yellow-bellied Red-poll Wurbler.
134'. Dendrceca pinus (liartr.) Bd. b ids. c oi. r hi.
Pine-creeping Warbler.
135. biunis auricapillus (L.) Sw. b isg. c 92. r iis.
Golden-crowned Thrush.
136. Siurus nsevius (liodd.) Coues. B i87. c 93. r lie.
Water Thrush.
137. Siurus naevius notabilis Grimiell. b — . c — . r nca. (?)
Wyoming Water Thrush.
138. Siurus motacilla (V.) Bp. b 188. c 94. R in.
Large-billed Water Thrush.
139. Oporornis agilis (Wils.) Bd. b 174. c 95. r iis.
Connecticut Warbler.
140. Oporornis formosa (Wils.) Bd. b its. c 96. r 119.
Kentucky Warbler.
134.
135.
133. D. p. hy-po-chry -s6-5. Gr. M, becoming Lat. hypo-, under, below, beneath, and xpi<r^o,,
gohU-n; rofernnj,' to tl.c un.lor parts of tl.is variety, whiel. are yellower than tl.oso of
palmarum. I roperly, %,„. in such connection sin.ply diminishes the force of the A^^i,.
Uy^-/,;,poln,cus. h/porhn/seus, meaning whit/./,, yellow/.s/, ; but the present is an estab-
lished usage m ornithology.
Not in the orig. ed.- Since described by Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Club, i, 1870, p. 84.
D. pi'-niis. See Ildminthophaga pinus, No. 08.
Si-Q'-rils aur-I-c3p-n'.liSs. Gr. tr./o,. I wave or brandish, and olpa, tail. The word is pre-
cisely equivalent to I.at. motarilla, I.>ench la>ch„pm,e, English u-a,,U,iL It was originally
1«77 "'ooT «r"',"""""'^ •"'"" '"■'"'"" •'''''■"'■'"• <^^'^^ ^""^'«> «""■ ^'"«"" <^l»l'. ii. •'"• i
, ; • ''■,'.' , '-' ""'''''' *'"' ' '""« "" "-epresenting (>. ». - Lat. anvum, gold, an.l capiHus, hair :
golden-haired. (See Coues, ibid., p. ;J0.) S.. also l.ophaphau.s, No. 42. and PaL, No. 44.
S. nag-vI-iSs. Lat. mrvus, a birth-mark, nevus, or spot ; whence mvvius, so marked or in
general, spotted in any way. . . '"
S. n. na-t5'-bl-lls. I,at. mtahilis, notable, from uota, a note, and the ferniinalion -W,\-
Not m the orig. ed. of the Che-'k List. Later described by It. Ridgway, from Grin-
nell s .M.S., m IV. Xat. Mus., ii. 1880, p. 12. Very doubtful.
S. mo-ta-cil'-ia. See Mtytarilla, No. 80.
Op-5r-5r'-nIs S'-gl-lIs. Gr. i^uipa. the autumn, ami «>„„, a bird ; in allusion to the abun-
<lanee of the .species in the fall, in comparison with its scan-ity in tiie spring. - Lat. «.////.,,
agile from ,,,;,,, I act ; literally, do-able. that is. act-ive; the a.ljectival termination being
simply ai>plie.l to the root of the verb, both in Latin and Knglish.
140. O. f5r-m8'-s5. Lat.. /;.■,»<«,,, beautiful ; primitively, in the sen.se of shapely, well-formed.
m good or full proportion; fornu,, form. So said of Juno, in whose "lofty mind"
renuimed ;,«/„:,„,« /'„,/,//,, ^pnUvque injuria Jhnmr, h. e., of her slighted beauta. Verg.,
136.
137.
138.
139.
n
mw
40
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
i I'l,.!
11
141. Geothlypis trichas (L.) Cab. b no. c 97. R 122.
Maryland Yellow-throat.
142. Geothlypis Philadelphia (Wils.) Bd. B 172. c 98. R 120.
Mourning Warbler.
143. Geothlypis macgillivrayi (And.) Bd. b 173. c 99. r 121.
Miu-gilllvray's Warbler.
144. loteria virens (L.) Bd. b i76. c 100. r 123.
Yellow-breasted Chat.
145. Icteria virens longicauda (Lawr.) Coues. b 177. c looa. r i23a.
Long-tailed Chat.
146. Myiodioctes mitratus (Gm.) And. B 211. c 101. R 124.
Hooded Flycatching Warbler,
141 . Ge-5th'-ly-pls trlch'-5s. Gr. 7^ or yfa, the cartli, and QKuiris, " a proper name." — Gr. Spi'J,
genitive rpix^s, hair; there is also the actual word rpixoi, for some kind of a thrush,
occurring in Aristotle. Some take tlie rptxas of Aristotle to be the bird named by
Linnwus Tardus pilaris, i. e., the hairy thrusii ; but Sundevall reasonably identifies it
with T. inusiciis. Of course it had originally nothing to do with the present species, to
which Linnaeus applied the term triclias in 17G0. — Cabanis coined (Jiothli/pis in 1847,
simply explaining QKvirls as a "proper name." The meaning of the term is obscure,
but we think it may be explained, considering that eKviris is the same as Bpaviris, wiiicli
latter occurs in Aristotle as the name of some conirostral granivorous bird never satis-
factorily identified. Sundevall says Bpaviris „unirbc ill cinii^cn codices &\virls (Thlypis)
gcfrfnicbcn" ; and the identity of the two words appears to be established, seeing that
6\d<i), I break, bruise, crush, whence 6\auiris, has the same meaning as Bpavo), whence
Bpavirls. (See Aristoph., Av. 400.) In each case the name is that of a bird considered
as granivorous — as a seed-eater, i.e., seed-hrcaker, famciifrciKiitcr, coccoihrausles, awopo-
6\d(TTris. K.T.K. But tlie name, though thus perfectly explicable, is ver3' badly chosen
to designate a strictly insectivorous species, its only pertinence being in jco-, signifying
tlie humility of this bird of brake and briar.
142. G. phIl-5-dsr-phI-a. Named for the " city of brotherly love." Gr. (piKfa, I love, aStS<p69,
brother; the latter from a connective (for &ixa) and 5fA(/)i5j, the womb, that is, having
one mother. But the compound itself, Philndel'jihla, is classic, as the name of a city, and
there are the actual words <J)iAa8e'Ai/>€ia, <^i\aZ(K<pia, amorfraternus, chariUisfraterna. The
Lat. is marked for quantity as above in the authority consulted; but some contend for
the Greek accent, pliiladiljihi'-a.
143. G. m5c-g!l-llv-ray'-i. To William Macgillivray, Esq., of Edinburgh, author of much of
Audubon's scientific work, besides several other important treatises.
144. Ic-t6r'-l-a vIr'-Sns. A dialectic form, invented by Vieillot, of Gr. XKTtpos or Lat. icterus;
primarily, the disease jaundice; also a certain yellow bird, probably the golden oriole of
Europe, l>y the sight of which jaundiced patients were fancied to be cured. The name
was in 1700 by Brisson applied to the American orioles as a generic term, Tclenis ; and
by Vieillot later, in the form Ideria, to the present genus. — Lat. virens, present parti-
ciple of i-i'iTo, I grow green.
145. I. V, lon-gl-caud'-5 [-cowda]. Lat. lonrjus, long, and caudn, tail.
146. Myi-fi-dl-5c'-t5s mi-tra'-tfls. Gr. fivia, a fly, and Skukttjj, a pursuer. — Lat. tnilratiis,
wearing a turban ; Gr. /uiVpo. a turban or other head-dress, cf. niT6a>, 1 weave. The
word is sometimes six-syllabled, but properly reducible to five, the jjJ, from Gr. v7, being
slurred ; the sound is that of mwee-, not ml- or me-.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
41
147.
148.
149.
150.
Ja.
i
1 -t
151.
1
152.
" — Gr. epi'l, \|
of a tlirusli.
153.
J named by
identifies it
t species, to
147.
y/>/s in 1847,
is obscure.
148.
oujrii, wliich
never satis-
149.
150.
is (Tlilypis)
seeing tliat
avo), whence
1 considered
usies, airopo-
adly cJiosen
-, signifying
ve, aS(\<t>6i,
151.
t is, liaving
f a city, and
ticrna. Tlie
contend for
152.
of much of
r^at. irtrnis ;
153.
en oriole of ■
Tlic name
fcleriis ; and
escnt parti- -
fit. mlfmtiis, i
cave. Tlie ,j
jir. vT, being Jm
Myiodioctes pusillus (Wils.) Bp. b 213. c 102. r 125.
Green Black-capped Flycatching Warbler.
Myiodioctes pusillus pileolatus (Pall.) Ridg. b — . c i02a. R I25a.
Pacific Black-capped Flycatching Warbler.
Myiodioctes canadensis (L.) Aud. b 214, 215. c 103. r 127.
Canadian Flycatching Warbler.
Cardellina rubrifrons (Gir.) Scl. b — . c — . R 131.
Red-fronted Flycatching Warbler.
Setophaga picta Sw. B218. c io5. R 129.
Painted Flycatching Warbler.
Setophaga ruticilla (L.) Sw. b 217. c 104. R 128.
American Redstart.
Certhiola bahamensis Reich.
Bahanian Honey Creeper.
B 301. C 106. R 159. (!W. I.)
M. piS-sil'-lCSs. See Sitta, No. 60.
M. p. pi-lS-6-la'-t0s. Lat. pileuin or pilcolum, Gr. vTKos, a kind of cap, a skull-cap ; pileo-
lulus, capped. In late days, pileum has become a technical word in ornithology, meaning
tlie top of the head.
M. can-5-den'-sIs. Latinized from Canada, with the termination -ensis. Canada is said to
be the Iroquois word Kanata, a village or collection of huts.
Car-d5l-ir-n5 rtib-ri-frons. Apparently an arbitrary variation from Lat. cardnelis, a
kind of finch, from airdmis, a thistle. — Lat. mh,r, red, and./rons, the forehead. The pro-
nunciation of rtihrijhms is in question; everybody says roo'lrJifrOiix ; as it is not a classic
word, we can only mark it by analogy with such words as ruhrh-.o, &c. But see above,
Leiidricm, No. 120, in favor of nih'iyroiis, as the / here comes before./'and a liquid.
Not in the orig. ed. of the List ; since discovered by II. W. Ilenshaw in New Me-xico.
Sg-td'-ph5-g5 pic'-ta. Gr. <7^)i, genitive o-rjTdj, an insect ; and faytw, to cat. The con-
necting vowel need not lengthen before p/i, as this is only equivalent in force tof.—
Lat. pktiis, painted, pictured, here in the sense of brightly or highly colored ; yj%o, I
paint, depict.
S. rfit-I-cil'-ia. Lat. ri/(//M,s-, reddish ; for the rest see Moturllht, Xo.80. The word is exactly
equal to redstart, which is Anglicized from the Germ, gfcthftcit or iKot(}|lcrj, all three words
meaning simply redtail.
Cer-thl'-8-15 ba-h5-men'-sls. Crrthhht is a coined diminutive of Crrthhi, which see,
No. 02 ; we usually hear it accented on a long penult, which is certainly vicious.— Ihltti
meiisls is Latinized from Bahama.
In the first ed. of the Check List, this species stands as Cfawohi, corrected in the
Appendix. If we were *o use the latter, it would hv JlSn'tld,' not Jldn oh. Cni/iioh is
correctly formed as a diminutive from Cnt/d,i. like linmla from llnrn ■ for the general rule,
however, in cases when the stem ends in a consonant, we may recall the exquisite lines'
attributed to the death-bed of Hadrian ; —
Animula vagula blandula,
Ilospes comesque corporis,
Qua." nunc ahibis in loca,
Pallidula riglda nudida,
Nee, ut soles, dabis jocos ?
!iii r
42
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
164. Pyranga rubra (L.) V. b 220. c 107. R ici.
Scarlet Tanager.
165. Pyranga aestiva (L.) V. b 221. c 108. u i64.
Summer Tanager.
166. Pyranga aestiva cooperi (Ridg.) Coues. b — . c losa. r i64a.
Cooper's Tanager.
167. Pyranga hepatica Sw. b 222. c 109. r lea.
Hepatic Tanager.
158. Pyranga ludoviciana (Wils.) Bp. b 223. c 110. r ig3.
Louisiana Tanager.
159. Hirundo erythrogastra horreorum (Bartr.) Coues. B226. c 111. r 154.
Barn Swallow.
160. Iridoprocne bicolor (V.) Coues. b 227. c 112. r 155.
Wliite-belUed Swallow.
161. Tachycineta thalassina (Sw.) Cab. B 228. C113. R 156.
Violet-green Swallow.
164. Py-ran'-g5 rfib'-rS. The word Pyranga has a classic twang, as if formed in part from the
Gr. TTvp, fire ; but it is a barbarous word, talten from some Soutli American dialect.
Several similar combinations of letters occur in Marcgravc. Vieillot wrote it Piranqa
in 1807, and Pyraiu/a in 181(3. The latter lias come into general use. — The English
tanwjer is simply altered from the South American Uwaijra or tawjnra, both of whi(;h
words occur in the older authors, the latter being in general use until Linna}us, perhaps
by a misprint, gave the former currency.
aes-ti'-v5. See Dendracn, No. 111.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
P. a. coop'-6r-i. To Dr. J. G. Cooper, of California.
P. hg-pat'-i-ca. Gr. ffirap, genitive Ifitaros, the liver, or Lat. hepnr, hepati's, the same ;
wlicnce T]iraTiK6s or hepulicus, the direct adjective. The allusion is to the liver-colored
plumage.
P. Iu-d8-vl-cl-a'-n5. See Thri/othonts, No. 68.
HIr-un'-do 6r-y-thr8-g3s'-tr5 h5r-r6-5'-rQm. Lat. hlnmdo, a swallow, from the Gr.
XcAiSuv, of same meaning. — CJr. fpv8p6s, red or ruddy, and yaa-T-np, the belly. — Lat.
fioirciim, a barn, in the genitive plural. (On the etymology of liintmh, and various
other, including the Lnglish, names of swallow see Birds Col. Vail., i, 1878, p. 300.)
160. Ir-I-d5-proc'-n5 bl'-cfll-fir. Gr.'Ipu, genitive 'IpiSoi, Lat. /r/.s-, /ridis, Iris, the messenger
of the gods ; also the rainbow ; from flpw or ipd, to anno\ince. The allusion is to
the sheen of the i)lumage. Gr. Up6Kvri, or Lat. Procne or Prnrjne, a proper name, the
daughter of Pandion, fabled to have been transformed into a swallow. — Lat. Wco/or,
two-colored.
161. Tach-y-cln-e -ta thSl-as'-sT-n5. Gr. toxwch'Itos, moving rapidly, i.e., a swift runner;
raxis, swift (flf'o), to run); Kivr)riip, from Ktviu, to move. — Gr, SaXi(T<nvos, sea-green,
6i\aa<Ta, the sen, from &\t, the sea, or salt. Observe accentuation of thulassiiia. We keep
the penult of Tarhi/n'iw'ln long as being Gr. tj, but are not sure that it should not be
transliterated Tachycin'ita.
i^p^
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBICAN BIRDS.
48
162. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say) Cab. B 226. c 114. 11 153.
Cliff or Eave Swallow.
163. Cotile riparia (L.) Boie. B 229. C 115. R 157.
Bank Swallow.
164. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.) Bd. b 230. c 116. R 158.
Rough-wiuged Swallow.
165. Progne subis (L.) Bd. b 231. c in. R 152.
Purple Martin.
166. Ampelis garrulus L. B 232. c 118. R 150.
Bohemian Waxwing.
167. Ampelis cedrorurr.. (V.) Bd. B 233. c ii9. u 151.
Cedar Waxwing.
168. Phainopepla nitens (Sw.) Scl. b 234. c 120. R 26.
Black Ptllogouys.
162. Pet-r5-chel-i'-don lu'-nl-fr5ns. Gr. itirpa, a rock, and xfAi8(«»', a swallow; alluding to
tliL' places wiicre tlie nests are often built. — Lat. lumi, the moon, that is, a crescent, anil
frons, tiic forelicad or front ; referring to the white frontal crescent. Luna is contracted
from Liiciim, a proper name, epithet of Juno, from lucco, I shine ; lux, light.
163. C5'-tI-le ri-p5r'-I-5. The generic name was originally written Colile by Boie, afterward
by him Coii/k. The latter orthography came into general use, the alleged etymology
being KorvKr), a cup, in supposed allusion to the excavations in wliich the bird nests.
The proper ortliography is Cotllc, from KmriXds, the swallow ; literally, the twitterer,
babbler, prattler, from kutiAAoi, I prate. (See Wharton, Ibis, October, 1879, p. 451 ; and
Cones, Bull. Nuttall Club, April, 1880, p. 90.) — Lat. riparia, riparian : ripa, the bank of
a stream.
164. Stel-gl-d5p'-tfi-ryx ser-rl-pen'-nls. Gr. o-reX-y/s or (rTAfyvfs, a scraper ; and Trrepuf, wing.
— Lat. scrn'iiiniiis, saw-feathered ; srrra, a saw, i>ciiii(i, a feather. Both words mean sub-
stantially the same thing, having reference to the peculiar structure of the outer web of
the first primary.
165. Prog'-ne sub'-Is. Lat. Prmpic ; see Tridnpromo, No. 100. — Lat. suhis, a word not known
except as applied by I'liiiy to a bird said to break eagles' eggs ; application in this case
unknown.
166. Am'-pfi-lls gar'-rfl-lQs. Or. afiveKis, or &nwf\os, the grapevine; also, a small bird wliich
fre(iuented vineyards, l)y some conjectured to be the present species ; ajUTTfAioii/ also
occurs as the name of a bird. — Lat. (idrniliis, garrulous, loquacious, from i/nrrio, I
chatter (Gr. yripia) or yapvu, I speak, yyjpus or yiipvs, voice) ; also, as substantive, a
jaybird, wlii'il' is the implication in this case.
167. A. ced-ro'-rQm. Lat. crrfrHs, genitive plural rcrfiwiim, the cedar ; Gr. ice'Spos.
168. PhS-i-na-pep'-la nTt'-ens. Dr. Sclater says (Ibis, 1879, p. 223) that he formed the word
from tpattvds, shining, and that it should be written as above, as lie originally did.
This, however, is merely a poetic f'lrm, from (pafivw, itself poetic for (paivai. It would
appear to be most naturally written PhdiwpipJa, like phirunmrnnii, ph<rmvjnmoHS, &c., from
the same source ; but if the orthography PlmXiwpi pla , in five syllables, be |)reserved, it
can be easily defended. Gr. irtTrAo, poetic plural of ire'jrAoi, a robe. — Lat. nilcns, present
participle from nitco, I shine.
44
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
m\
169. Myiadestes townsendi (Aud.) Cab. b 235. c 121. \\ 25.
ToTvnsend's Flycatchlng Thrush.
170. Vireo olivaceus (L.) V. b 240. c 122. u 135.
Red-eyed Grecnlet.
171. Vireo flaviviridis Cass, b 241. c — . k lao.
Yellow-green Grcenlct.
172. Vireo altiloquus barbatulus (Cab.) Couc3. b 243. c 123. r 137.
Block-whiskered Grecnlet.
173. Vireo philadelphicus Cass. B 244. c 124. R 138.
Brother ly-love Grecnlet.
174. Vireo gilvus (V.) Up. B 245. c 125. R 139.
Warbling Greenlet.
175. Vireo gilvus swainsoni Bd. b — . c i25a. r i39o.
Western Warbling Grecnlet.
170. Vireo flavifrons V. b 252. c 126. r ho.
Yellow-throated Greenlet.
177. Vireo solitarius V. b 250. c 127. r i41.
Blue-headed Greenlet.
178. Vireo solitarius cassini (Xantus) Ridg. b 251. c — . r i4ia. (?)
Cassin's Greenlet.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
MjH-i-des'-t5s [inwccadaystacc] town'-send-i. Gr. ixvla, a fly, and ^Seariis, an eater;
fScK, or iSo/iai, I cat; sec Mijioilluetrs, No. 140. (Xot to bo written Mijiiutides, as if fly-
" taker," J/Hsncn/)a, from ^um and Stftr^i, from Sfxojuai). — To J. K. Townsend, from
wliom Audubon received many new birds, and to whom lie dedicated several.
VIr'-e-5 [vir'ryoh, not vi'rco] 61-i-va'-c6-fis. Lnt. t-irco, a kind of binl, from vireo, I am
green or flourishing. — Late Lat. olicaccus, olive-like, olive-colored ; green obscured with
neutral tint ; olii-a, the olive, from olca, Gr. i\ala, the olive-tree ; whence oleum, Gr.
f\atov, Eng. oil, oleaginous, &c.
V. fia-vl-vlr'-l-dls. Lat. Jlurus, yellow, and viridis, green, from vireo. See Auriparus,
No. 50. Commonly but wrongly written_//(iiw/)7(//,'i.
Tliis species is not in the first ed. of the Check List ; it has only recently been dis-
covered in the United States, in Texas, by J. C. Merrill.
V. al-tl'-lfi-qOtSs bar-ba'-tQ-lfis. Lat. alius, high, from alo, I bear up, sustain, and
loquus, an adjective from loqmr, I speak; pronounced ahlty'lockwoocc, like ventri'loquist,
(/raiidi'loijiient, &c. — Lat. kirliatiilus, liaving a small beard; barbatus, bearded; barba, a
beard. The allusion is to the dusky ma.\illary streaks.
V. phll-a-d5l'-phI-ciSs. See Geothhjpis jihiludelphia, No. 142.
V. gil'-vOs \(i hard]. Lat. 7iVi'»,'i, fjilbns, r/albus, hrlrus, yellowish, greenish-yellow ; German
gclb, Ital. (jinllo, A. S. (jeletc, ijeoluwe ; related to/iilvus,Jlauus, &c.
V. g. swain'-s6n-i. To William Swainson.
V. fla'-vT-frons. Lat. ^(imhs, yellow ;/)ohs, forehead. See /iHri/ionM, No. 60.
0ns. — It would appear from B. C.V., i, 1878, p. 404, that the proper name of this species
is V. och-r6-leu'-ctSs (Gm.) Coucs. Gr. iixpif, ochraceous, yellowish, and \(vk6s, white.
V. so-lI-ta'-rl-iSs. Lat. solitarius, solitary ; solus, alone.
V. c5s'-sln-i. To John Cassin, of rhiladelphia, sometime the " Nestor of American
ornithology " ; the only ornithologist America ever produced who knew any consider-
able number of Old World birds. — Not in the orig. ed. ; since recognized.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
45
179. Vireo solitarius phxmbeus (Coucs) Allen. B -. c i27a. R uu.
Plumbeous Grccnlct.
180. Vireo vicinior Coucs. b — . c i28. r 147.
Gray Grcenlet.
181. Vireo noveboracensis (Gm.) Ep. b 248. c 129. r 143.
White-eyed Greenlet.
182. Vireo huttoni Cass, b 249. c 130. r 144.
Hutton's Greenlet.
183. Vireo belli And. b 24c. c 131. r 145.
Bell's Greenlet.
184. Vireo pusillus Coucs. B — . c 132. R i46.
Least Grcenlet.
185. Vireo atricapillus VVoodh. b 247. c 133. r 142.
Black-cappcd Greenlet.
186. Lanius borealis V. b 236. c 134. r us.
Great Northern Shrike; Butcherbird.
187. Lanius ludovicianusL. b 237. c 135. r 149.
loggerhead Shrike.
188. Lanms ludovicianus excubitorides (Sw.) Coues. b 238. c 135«. r i49«.
n hite-rumped Shrike.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
V. s. plum'-b6-Qs. Lat. pluml^em, plumbeous, Icad^iolored ; plnmbnm, lead.
V. yi-ci'-nl-or. Lat. comparative degree of ./c/..,„., neighboring; vicinia, :, neic^hborl.ood
o v.cm,ty ; Ins from .c,., digammated from Gr. oUo.. a house. Tl.e alius In U to the
close resemblance of the species to otliers. «"usion is to tne
V. nav-«.bar-a-cen'-sls. Very late Latin for of, or pertaining to, New York; nocus new
riLr.:n7z-'iS"'"'"'' ^^ ^'"'■"^"'"' '"^' "'' "^'"^ °^ ^°^*'' ^"«'-^ ■' ^v-.w«;::t;
V. hflt'-tan-i. To William Hutton. of Monterey, California
^- S";, .SatLr,' t^'"' '- "■•■" ^- "■« •»«■■ •-'■'"■ •«- - «..
V. pfl-sir-ias. See Sim pusilhi, No. 00.
V. 5-trI-c5p-Il'-lfls Lat. aUr, atra, black ; the opposite of nlhus. It properly means dead
Unck as »;,,.. does glo.ssy black, which latter would have been iXr 1^'^ ease
Ca,„llus, ha.r of the head, fron. .,nU, head; whence Knglish c„;„V/,„.;thready.
^^N^rno ''^'/'i'-"^- ^'^'- ''•"'"^' •■» '"'"^I'cr; from lanio, I rend, lacerate .See Falco
No.502.- Lat. l,.-eas, the north wind, /,. ... the north ; whence Jealis, no hern
i or reason of the generic ciu.ngo fron, Collurio of the orig. ed. of the Check List an,l
for Shnkes' na.nes in general, see Birds Colorado Valley, i,'l878, p 537 fse^
L. m-ds-vl-cl-a'-nfis. Lat. r.u,hricus, Louis, a proper name. The application here is to
the Icntory of Louisiana, forn.eriy of great extent. See nrj,othZ!^^T 68
''■ one" wh^'lt^'dinfr; '^'''- r":'""' <" ^^■'^''^"--'- -"tinel, from ... out of. and c,.!,Uar,
one who hes down, fron. cuho .• ,. e., an out-lier. The tern.ination of the word is the Gr
.ISO, appearance or rese„>blance (.«„. I see). There is a difference in the o t og aphy
w U "tricce'/t 1r'' 'r r''"' "-""•""""'-■• «"J P~-ed in sLxs^Tl b s'
With the accent on the penult. But if this spelling is used, it should be ercuLoUe^
I ■:
t " I
4G
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
1S9. Hesperophoua vespertina (Coop.) Bp. b 303. c lac. p
Kvening <irosbeak.
190. Pinicola enucleator (L.) V. B 304. c 137. u ico.
Pine Grosbeak.
191. Pyrrhula cassini (Bd.) Tristr. B — . c 138. R 167. (!A.)
Cussln^s BiilUinc-h.
192. Passer domesticus (L.) Koch. B — . c 187. n — . [imp. and Nat.]
Pbllip Sparrow.
with tlic diaeresis over tlie (, and consequently making seven syllables. So long a word
is therefore preierably sliortened by omitting tiie connecting vowel o; wiiich, witli the
usual change of Ur. *7 to long i in Latin, gives tlie above spelling and pronunciation.
The full niiiiiber of letters in the compound is cxcuhiturUidis.
180. Hgs-p«r-C-phS'-na ves-p5r-ti'-n5. Gr. iairipa, Hesperus, the west, the place of sunset
(X<ipa, region, being understood); hence, tlie evening; and ipuvit, the voice; <f>aiviu, I
speak; <^ou, <>»)/*/, related to (^aivoi, &c. — Lat. Vcsjxrtiitnn, pertaining to the evening,
V(S]nrus being the same as llisperns. — The genus-name is universally written Ilesperi-
plioim, as lJonai)arte originally spelled it, but the above is certainly correct, as it is pure
Greek for what 1 "ts/ic/ /,<o»a would be the Latin of. The pleonastic name signalizes a
belief, formerly entertained, that the bird sings chiefly at evening. — Grosbeak ov i/rossbtak
is corrupted from the l"r. tjroshec, thick-bill.
190. Pi-nl'-cfi-ia e-nu-cl6-a'-t5r. Lat. jh'iiks, a pine, and iiiroh, an inhabitant, from colo, I
cultivate ; formed like many other words in -cula, as sit.rir<)l(i, lujnmhi, &c. — Lat. enucleator,
one who "shells out," or enucleates; front fimcUo, I take out the kernel; muleus, the
nucleus or kernel, this from mix, a nut. The two words indicate the characteristic
habitat aiul habit of the bird.
191. Pyr'-rhQ-la cSs'-sIn-i. Lat. pyrrhula, a bullfinch; a diminutive of Pi/rrhiis, a proper
name ; Gr. wvppos, fiery -red, from irVp, fire ; ni allusion to the bright color of the bird. —
To John Cassin.
It is still uncertain what relation this bird may best be considered to bear to the Old
World form P. cordiua, as no Alaskan specimens, since the type, have been forthcoming.
We give it as it stan<ls in the body of tlie orig. ed. of tlie Check List.
Note. — Another species of this genus has lately been reported from Greenland by
Kumlein (Bull. U. S. Nat. JIus., No. lo, p. 74 ; 1870) ; but the case remains very dubious.
192. Pas'-s6r dam-es'-tl-ciis. Many interesting worrls arc grouped about this ubiquitous bird,
which has been named in nearly or quite all civilized languages; some of them may be
here noticed. — 1, Passer domestinis, literally " house sparrow," is itself a very old Latin
biblionym, though used for less than a century as a technical term. Passer is good
Latin for sparrow, and particularly for this very species, which is said to have been
noted, if not named, for its salacity ; but the etymology ot this word is unknown to us,
as it also appears to be to the authors of several lexicons; one says /ki.'.'.stc for /lurf.scr,
from pandn, I spread. Passer seeriis to have become of general signification, almost as
broad (is Knglish " bird " or " fowl." The Ital. is passera, passrre, pass<ira, and this lan-
puage also had passer iloiiiestlcus in passara ea:aren(/a. The word passes directly into the
Fr. passerat, passereau, and to the Eng. technical adjective passerine, sparrow-like; while
the Span, paxaro (as if parsaro) or pajaro is apjiarently the same. — 2. The Gr. name
for this species was (npouB6s, in Aristotle; which in modern technic has become, in the
form slnilliio, the name of the ostrich. Slrulliio eameliis I,., and has given our Kng. adjec-
tive .s/n/M/o/w, ostrich-like. The actual application to the ostrich, however, dates back to
Aristotle, whose arpovBos 6 iv Atfiuij, or Libyan fowl, was the ostrich — like tlie Lat.
jxisser wariiiiis, i. </., the bird brought from over the sea. — 3. The Gr. word irvpyiTris, from
vvfiyos, a tower, and meaning a dweller in the tower, has been of late years used to some
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
47
193. Passer montanus (L.). b — . c — . r — . [Fmp. and Nut.]
European Tree Sparrow.
194. Carpodacus purpureus (Gin.) Gr. b 305. c 139. r ics.
Purple Finch.
195. Carpodacus cassini Bil. b 307. c i40. r ico.
Cassin^s Purple Finch,
198. Carpodacus frontalis (Say) Gr. B 308. c 141. R no.
Crimson-fronted Fincli ; House Finch ; Burion.
extent as tlie generic nnme, under the form Pi/njita: though having originally no refer-
ence to the speeies wiiatever, it is a very apt designation of a bird wliieli nests so habit-
ually about buildings. — 4. The word Frini/illa, one of a large group, giving name to the
Finch family, Frini/illidic, and to the English adjictivo /riiii/illine, is the origin of the
word /inch itself ; though it is only for about a century that it has had any thing to do
with the present species. Fniiiiilln is the Latin nnme of the same bird that the Greeks
called (TiriCa or <riri(ri, spiza, the /■'. ealihs L., English ChafHnch. FriiniilUi or frimjuilla has
been derived by some from fiamjo, I break, as the bird does seeds (just as we have in
Gr. OAiiir/i or OpauirU). But its etymology appears when we regard the non-nasalized
iovm fnijilla, inim fii<nttio or fn'i/iilfio (= frinijntin or fiiinjullio, formed like siiiguldo, I
hiccup), I twitter, chirp, stammer; these words being themselves lengthened from
J'riijulo, I croak, as a crow, and this from /nV/o, I squeak, squeal. (Cf. Gr. tppuyu, and the
actual (ppvylKos, the name of a bird in Aristophanes, and source of the modern genus
Freijihis, a jackdaw. The idea seems to be some sliort sharp sound, as the hissing,
sizzling of something cooking, — fi'Kjn or (ppvyai, I (iiwV.) Friii^iilhi reappears in several
Italian forms, from two of which two series of words branch off; from such sisfrimjuiUo,
fn'nco, are derived, with loss of the r. Germ, fincf, put, and Eng. Jiiirh; while from such
as f'riiisoni: we pass through (jrlnaott, i/iiinson, pliison, or later Er. pinqnn to Eng. sp'wk, a
name of /•'. cakhn. — 5. An entirely different set of words gives the pedigree of modern
Eng. sparmr, back from which we pass to spanuwe, or sparowe, or spanrr, Gothic spanni
or spdi-ra, A. S sjicanvu ; related forms being s/iiiir, spar, sper, spmr, spun; spar/, spat::, spenj,
sprrk; sperllmjk; round again to the present Germ, fpcrliiig or (lautffpcrlini^, houfesparrow, passer
(loimsllciis. — 0. Eng. sparrow also curiously leads us back again to Latin, through such
a form as spnrra, Latinized as sparriiis ; so, also, JTako sparveriiis, !. q. friuqiUarius,
vTTi^ias, Vr. espcrvler or c'/icrricr, anijlice sparrow-hawk. — 7. There is said to be an old
Flemish name iiioiische for this bird, which may not improbably connect with O. Fr.
mouvit, moissnn. — 8. The present I'r. is molncau, or moinean fravr, or moinean de rllle. —
9. Several languages have applied cant names to this sturdy vulgarian ; Span, ijorrion,
thief, rogue, scamp; Fr. ijamin; American tramp, hoodlum. — 10. An onomatopreia as
interesting as FriivjiUa itself has arisen from the sharp, abrupt, dissyllabic note. This is
represented by the syllables ijcllop (cf. Gr. iK\6ir-oi), i/'llup, or plu/lhip, easily becoming
Philip. Early in the sixteenth century appear the ' Boke of I'hyllup Sparrowe " and the
"I'raise of Philip Sparrow "; and this name is Shakspearian.
Introduced, but now thoroughly naturalized everywhere.
193. P. m5n-ta'-nus. Lat. mo»/n))».<!, of mountains.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since introduced from Europe, and naturalized in some places.
194. Car-p6'-d5-cQs pQr-pQr'-C-iSs. Gr. Kapw6i, a fruit, and Saxoi, from hiKvic, I bite ; 2d aorist
HZaKov, or ii.Kov. — Lat. purpureus, purple; Gr. irop<pipeos, English porphyry, &c. ; cf.
irvp(t>6pos {irvp, (pfpai) the fire-bearer, an epithet of Trometheus. — The quantity of the
penult is in question ; we usually hear carjmda'-cus in this country; but carpS'nlacus ia
preferable,
C. cas'-sln-l. To John Cassin.
195,
196
C. fron-ta'-lls. liiii.frotitaliSf relating to tlie forehead ; //ons, forehead, front.
1 1 !
48
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
197. Carpodacus frontalis rhodocolpus (Cab.) Ridg. b — . c i4ia. u i70a.
Rose-breasted Finch.
198. Loxia leucoptera Gm. b aio. c 142. r 173.
Wblte-wlnged Crossbill.
199. Loxia curvirostra americana (Wils.) Coues. b ois. c 143. r 172.
Common American Crossbill.
200. Loxia curvirostra mexicana (Strickl.) Coues. b — . c i43o. r 172a.
Mexican Crossbill.
201. Leucosticte atrata Ridg. b — . c — . r 170.
Rldgway^s Rosy Fincb.
202. Leucosticte australis Allen, b — . c — . r 177.
Allen's Rosy Finch.
203. Leucosticte tephrocotis Sw. b 322. c 144. r 175.
Swainson's Rosy Finch.
204. Leucosticte tephrocotis litoralis (Bd.) Coues. B — . c — R nsa.
Baird's Rosy Finch.
197. C. f. rh6-d6-c5l'-pfis. Gr. p6Sov, the rose, and K6\iros, the breast; in allusion to tlie rose-
red color of that part.
The form €./. hnmonhous, given in the orig. ed. of the Check List, is the Mexican
race ; the above should replace No. 141a.
198. Lox'-I-5 leQ-c5p'-te-rS. Gr. Aortas, an epithet of Apollo, whose oracles were sometimes
obscure or equivocal; from Aofdr, oblique, devious, deviating from a straiglit line; very
pertinent to the Crossbill. — Ur. KivK6s, wiiite, and irrtp6v, wing.
199. L. cQr-vT-r5s'-tr5. Lat. chh-hs, curved ; and i-os<n(Hi, bill. In this and numberless similar
cases of a noun compounded with an antecedent a<ljective, tiie whole word is treated as
an adjective, capable of inflection according to gender. Thus cnrrimstra is as if curviros-
ter or curciioslr-us, -a, -iim. So we even find lontjicwul-us, -<i, -inn, like atiricoin-ux, -a, -urn,
and the Vergilian centiman-us, -a, -urn. In such a case as the present, the adjectival form
curvlroslris {like -ventris) might be more elegant. But ciirriiustra has the sanction of
several centuries' use as a noun, having apparently been invented as a Latin synonym
of Luxki; it is imt, however, classic. Other synonyms are crucirostra, crucijWa, cruciata;
Fr. Bcc-croisiT, Germ. JircutM'il)nabcl, &o.
200. L. c. mex-I-ca'-n5. Lat. mexicana, of Mexico. Sec Sialia, No. 28.
201. Leu-co-stic'-te a-tra'-ta. Gr. Aturcrfr, white, and o-tikt^, variegated; from (rrlCa, I punc-
ture, brand, or mark. — Lat. almta, blackened ; a participial adjective, from an obsolete
or rather hypotiictical verb atro.
Not in the orig. od. of the Check List ; described from Colorado by Ridgway, Amer.
Sportsm., iv. No. 10, p. 241, July 18, 1874.
202. L. aus-tra'-lls. Lat. australis, southern ; from attster, the south wind, hot and dry ; this
from Gr. aSu, I dry up or parch.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List, as then not supposed valid.
203. L. t5ph-r6-co'-tIs. Gr. rt^p6s, gray, ashy, from riippa, ashes ; and oZs, genitive iirds, the
ear ; the connective consonant c being introduced for euphony.
204. L. t. li-tfir-a'-lls. Lat. Utoralia, littoral ; from litus, the shore, of sea, lake, or river. The
word is commonly written litloralis, but preferably as above.
Not in the first ed. of the Check List, as not then supposed to be valid.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
49
205. Leucosticte griseinucha (Brandt) Bd. b 323. c I44a. r 174.
Brandt's Rosy Flncb.
306. Leucosticte arctoa (Pall.) Bp. b 324. c i46. r — .
Pallas's Rosy Finch.
207. ^giothus linaria (L.) Cab. b 320. c 140, i4Ca. r 179.
Common Red-poll.
208. ^giothus linaria holboelli (Brehm) Coucs. e — . c — . R i79a. (?)
Ilolboirs Red-poll.
209. ^giothus homemanni (Ilolb.) Coues. b 321. c — . R 178. (0.)
Greenland Mealy Red-poll.
210. ^giothus exilipes Coues. B — . c 14C6. R I78a.
American Mealy Red-poll.
21 1. Linota flavirostris brewsteri (Ridg.) Coues. b — . c 147. R I80. (?)
Brewster's Linnet.
ii
205. L. grls-ei-nQ'-chS. Lat. griseus, gray, and nucha, the nape or scrufE of the neck. Neither
part of the word is classic ; yriseus is Latinized from sucli a word as seen in Fr. gn's,
Ital. (jn'so, English grisly ; and nuclia, a tcclinical word in ornithology, is Latinized from
Fr. nuqiie, tlie nape (A. S. cna-p, a knob, knoll), wliieii is tlie same as Gaelic aioc, Welsh
cmcc. Nape is thus closely related to neck itself; A. S. hnevca, Dan. nakke, Dutch nak
or nek, Germ, nacfeii, &c.
206. L. arc-t5'-5. Gr. ipitros, a bear; also, the constellation; hence, the north; adjective
ipKTtfos, same as apKrtKoi, northern, whence Lat. arctous and arcticiis, of same signi-
fication.
207. Aeg-I'-6-thQs li-na'-rI-5. Gr. AtyloOos, given by Cabanis as a proper name : supposably
derived from 017/1, a goat-skin, or asgis, and riOitixi, to put or place, as if the shield-
bearer, like -I'Egisthus. The application is far from being evident. The word is
probably only another form of aXyiQoi, the name of an unknown bird, occurring in
Aristotle, Hist. i.\. 1, conjectured by some to be this very species. — Lat. linaria;
from linum (Gr. Klvov), fla.\ ; the root is seen in many words, as line, linear, linen, lint,
linnet, &c.
208. A. 1. hai'-bo61-li. To Carl v. Ilolboll, a Danish naturalist, chiefly known in ornithology
for his researches in Greenland.
Not recognized in the first ed. of the Check List.
209. A. horn'-6-m5n-nL To Ilornomann, who had to do with Greenland birds. ''
This species is not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. It is only American inasmuch
as it is found in Greenland. It is absolutely confined to that country, and is the bird
usually quoted as Grcenlandic " canescens."
210. A. Sx-H'-l-pSs. Lat. exilis (for exigilis, from exigo), small, slender, &c., and jjcs, foot. See
Ardetta, No. 607.
211. Li-n5'-tSL fla-vl-rSs'-trls brews'-t6r-i. See ZmnnVi, above : the word is not classic, being
directly Latinized from the Fr. linotte, one of the nimiberless words from llniim, linca,
&c. — Lat. Jlaviroslris, yellow-billed. — To William Brewster, of Cambridge, Mass., am
excellent ornithologist.
This is questionably North American, and questionably a good species.
:.i
60
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIllDS.
212. Chrysomitris pinus (Unrtr.) Bp. d 317. c i48. u laa.
I'iiie Lliiiii't; Anioriouii Miskin.
213. Astragalinus tristis (L.) Cub. B 313. c 149. u I8I.
Ainorioaii GoUlflnoh.
214. Astragalinus lawrencii (Cass.) Coucs. B 310. c iso. u i83.
I^iwrenec'ii Cioltllliich.
215. Astragalinus psaltria (Say) Cones. B 3i4. c iBi. R 182.
ArkuntD.w Goldtliivh.
216. Astragalinus psaltria arizonae Coiios. b — . c nu. n is'ja.
Arizona Goldfinch.
212. Chry-s8-mI'-trTs pi'-nQs. fSr. xpi'<'''>/<'Tpit, Imving a Roldcn hpa'l-dross or girdlp ; xpvaioi,
gohk'ii, anil ju/rpo, a iiiitrt'. 'i'liiTc arc otliiT forms of tliu word, varyiiiy in tlio vowels, as
XpvffofiiTpris and xp"<'°f'V'''pt*- '^'I>l' latter, which oeutirs in Aristutk-, Is translatitl (iiiricillis
liy (iaza; a^^ ISundwall runiarks, iK'i^hti'nin^ thi> ])robaliility that it is tlii< name word a<i
Xpvfrofilrpris, and is based upon the hrijiht apjiearancc of the Kur(i|iean (iohltiiich, F.
canliidis L. — Some other names of elassie origin for the (iohlHneh and its relatives miiy
be here conveniently noted. Aristotle had three species of " AcaullKijthiuin " as he called
them ; i.e., birds living upon i)rickly plants; as we should say, " thistle-liirds." 1. One
of these was the Opavvls or BKvirCs, concerning which see (Imllihijiis, No. 141. 2. 'J'ho
XpvtronrJTpts, as juist said. .'!. His axavBls, which was undoubtedly the FrimjiUa canmi-
himi L. This in Latin becomes sin'mis, of late years taken as the specific name of /•'.
spimcs L. — The exact Latin of " thistle-bird " is tanliulis, occurring in I'liny ; it is from
carcliiii.i, a thistle, and reajipears in numerous sliipes ; as Ital. (•(trtlmllo, ranhllo; atrdiii lino,
cnrthllimi (compare Cardclliim, No. luO), and also (jdrthUo and (iiinldliito; Kr. rlitinloimi'ivt,
&c. Aristotle speaks of the .slutrj) voice of his iicav6ls — Kiyvpi ; whence liiiiiiiiius, another
of the many names for birds of this kind. So liave we later derived siskin from the
sharp note; Swe<lish si.ihi, Dutch sijuk-iii, (ienn. ;ici"iii, Polish r:i/:, &c. — Another (!reek
name for some kind of thistle-bird, ])erhaps the European Goldfinch, is CKTrpayaKifos, in
liSiiO api)lied by C'abanis to the American Uoldfinuh, as a generic term: see next word.
— Lat. piiim, a pine-tree.
213. As-tr5-g5-li'-nfls tris'-tls. Gr. i,(TTpaya\7vos is given by Cabanis as the word, and as a
name of a thistle-bird; it is evidently an adjectival form from &.aTpdya\os, a die, one
of the ankle-bones, and also, in Dioscorides, the name of some kiixl of jilant ; whence
the modern botanical genus Aalnuialii.f. The original application of aar pay aKTvos is
undoubtedly to some bird that lived upon, or frequented, the plant in mention, its recent
transference to an American Goldfinch being of course arbitrary. When the jiresent
species was first described it was calle<l chnrdoiment de rAiiiciiijiic, i. c, rardudin itineri-
rami : see No. "212. — Lat. tri.slis, sad, in allusion to the plaintive cry of the bird.
214. A. law-rfin'-cl-i. To George N. Lawrence, of New York, the eminent ornithologist.
215. A. psal'-trl-S. See explanation of PiKiItn'iinrit.i, No. 5:}. Psaltria is not a Lat. adj.
to be made agreeable in gender with Astnujalinus, but a Greek noun, t/^rfArpio. signifying
a female lutist. " Arkansaw " is not, as it would seem to be, " Kansas " with a jirefix,
nor is it the name by which the aborigines of that country knew themselves ; nor is
" Kansas " the right name of any tribe of Indians. The meaning of neither of these
words is known. " Arkansaw " is preferable to Arkansas, as nearer the original
"Arkanso."
216. A. p. 5-rI-z5'-na5. Named after the Territory of Arizona, where discovered in 1804.
See Peucaa, No. 253.
CHECK LIST OF NOliTIl AMEIilCAX BllWS.
61
217. Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus (Sw.) Coucs. b 315. c I5i6. R 18'J».
Mcxioun UoldJluuli.
218. Astragalinus notatus (I)ii Bus) Coucs. b 310. c — . u 184. (!m.)
Ului'k-licailcd GolUlliioli.
219. Plectrophanes nivalis (L.) Meyer. Ba-ja. c 10a. 11 180.
Snow Bunting; Snowllako.
220. Centrophanes lapponicus (L.) Kaup. b 320. c 133. Pw I8T.
Luiplaml Longspur.
221. Centrophanes pictus (Sw.) Cab. b 327. c 154. 11 188.
Fainted Longspur.
222. Centrophanes ornatus (Towns.) Cab. B 328, 329. c 155. R 189.
Clicstnut-coliMrcd Longspur.
223. Rhynchophanes maccowni (Lawr.) Bil. b 330. c loo. u loo.
Maccown's Longspur.
224. Passerculus bairdi (Ami.) Cones. B .131. c 157, I676i« R 191.
Balrd*8 Savanna Sparrow.
817.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
A. p. mSx-I-cS'-nS. Lat. mexkams, of Mexico. See Sialia, No. 28.
A. nfit-S'-tQs. Lat. notatus, noted, marked; nolo, I make note of. In allusion to the dis-
tinction between tliis species and C. imu/clhtnicus.
Not in the orig. ed. uf tlic Clicck List. Said by Audubon to have been actually
taken in Kentucky. (?)
Pl5c-trO'-ph5-n5s nIv-5'-lIs. The Gr. irK'fiKTpov, or Lat. plectrnm, was an instrument for
striking tlie lyre, from irA^o-ffw, I strike; also used for a quill, a spur, &c. ; tlie nieanin;;
in tliis ease is tlie hind claw of the bird, wliich is remarkably long and straight. The
rest of the word is from ipaivw, to appear, to seem, &c., the claw in mention being likened
to the instrument spoken of. Obs. There is continual difference in opinion respecting
the pronunciation of this and similar words, according to whether we consider them as
Greek or as Latin. The rule iu (ireek would retain the accent upon the root of each word
entering into the composition, giving Plec'-tro-]ili(i"-ncs. But in Latinizing it is allowable,
and indeed j)referable, to accent as above ; as we have also done iu the cases of Ilelmin-
thu'i>ltiii;ti, l.oiiho'jihiinrs, &e. The gender of the many coined words ending in -phanes is
practically in question among ornithologists ; we make them masculine.
CSn-trfi'-ph5-nSs lap-p6n'-I-cus. Or. nivrpov, a prick, nail, claw, &c., from KfVTf'w, I
prick or goad. Tiie reference, as in the case of Pleclrojihitncs, is to the long hind claw.
See Plectrophanes. — Lat. l<ii>ponicu3, pertaining to Lapland, formerly Lapponia.
C. pic'-tiSs. Lat. pictus, painted, from pinijo, I paint or ornament; in allusion to the
variegated colors.
C. or-na'-tiis. Lat. ornatus, adorned, decorated, from onto, I ornament.
Rhyn-ch6'-ph5-n6s mSc-c6wn'-i. Gr. fivyxos, snout, muzzle, beak, and <l>aivti> ; in allu-
sion to the large bill. See Plectrophanes. — To Capt. J. P. McCown, then of the U. S.
Army.
Pas-sEr'-cQ-ltSs baird'-i. Lat. passerculus, a little sparrow; diminutive of passer. — To
Spencer F. Baird, long time the leader in North American ornithology.
Centronijx ochrocephalus, No. 1&7 bis of the first ed., is this species in fall plumage.
\ :1
m
' ' ''I
: ij^
i
i
i : ;
i
! (■, :■
..,
i|
52
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
225. Passerculus princeps Mayn. b — . c 158. R 192.
Ipswich Savanna Sparrow.
226. Passerculus sandvicensis (Gm.) Bd. b 333. c i696. R 193.
Sandwich Savanna Sparrow.
227. Passerculus sandvicensis savana (Wils.) Ridg B332. c 159. r i93a.
Common Savanna Sparrow.
228. Passerculus sandvicensis anthinus (Bp.) Coues. B334. ci59a. r 194.
Pipit Savanna Sparrow.
229. Passerculus sandvicensis alaudinus (Bp.) Ridg. b 335. c — . R 1936.
Larli Savanna Sparrow.
230. Passerculus rostratus (Cass.) Bd. B 336. c ico. R 196.
Bealced Savanna Sparrow.
231. Passerculus guttatus Lawr. B — . c icoa. r 195.
St. Lucas Savanna Sparrow.
232. PooBcetes gramineus (Gm.) Bd. B 337. c ici. R 197.
Bay-winged Bunting; Grass Finch.
233. Pocecetes gramineus confinis Bd. b — . c 16I0. r 197«.
Western Grass Finch.
234. Coturniculus passerinus (Wils.) Bp. r 338. c 162. R 198.
Yvllow-winged Sparrow.
J ij,
'V'l
m V
i »
225. P. prin'-cEps. Lat. princeps, first, principal ; from primus, first, and -ceps.
226. P. sand-vl-cen'-sls. Nauieu after Sandwich Island, one of tlio Kurile or Aleutian Archi-
pelago.
227. P. s. s5-va'-na. Properly Span, sahana or sarana, anglicized savanna or savannah, a
meadow. As a quasi-Latin word, it should have but one n, as in the Spanisli. Tlie
quantity of the penult is marked by the general rule for accentuation in Spanish, that
words ending in a vowel have the accent on the penult.
228. P. s. an-thi'-ni5s. Arbitrarily formed from anthus, a i)ipit, which see, No. 89.
229. P. s. ai-aud-i'-n2s. Arbitrarily formed from Lat. alauda, a. lark ; this from the Celtic at,
high, and and, song.
Not in the orig. cd., as then not recognized as valid.
230. P. rSs-tra'-ttSa. Lat. rostratus, beaked, i. c, having a large beak ; rostrum, a beak ; this from
rndo, to gnaw, corrode, &c.
231. P. gut-ta'-ti5s. Lat. ipttiatus, spotted, speckled; from gutta, a drop; as if marked with
droppings.
232. Pa-o5'-c6-tSs gra-mln'-g-Qs. Gr. irda, rota, wiv, ""O'l. grass, herbage; and oiHfrris, an
inhabitant; from oIkos, a dwelling. The ortliograpliy of this word has been unsettled:
it was first written Poncirtes by Baird in 1858, and has since been variously spelled.
The stenj of tlie first word is to, giving /io-; and oiKtrris becomes in Latin trceles ; the
above form seems eligible, as first emended by Sclater in 1859. It may be suscept'ble,
but not preferably, of further contraction into Pacctes. — Lat. rjramiiieus, grassy fgura-
tivcly applied to a bird that lives much in the grass ; (jramen, grass.
233. P g. cJSn-fi'-nls. Lat. coji/ihis, like (///ww, allied to, &c.; ron, with, and ^hw, the boundary,
limit, edge, or end of a tiling.
234. Ca-tur-nl'-ctS-lfis pas-sSr-i'-nils. Arbitrary diminutive of coturnii, a. quail; said to be
so called from the resemblance of the sound of its voice to tiio sound of the word. —
Passerinus, an arbitrary adjective from iiasscr, a sparrow ; sparrowlike.
I'
ill
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 53
235. Cotumiculus passeriims perpallidus Ridg. b — . c i62a, r losa.
Bleached Yellow-winged Sparrow.
236. Cotumiculus henslowi (Aud.) Bp. B 339. c 163. R 199.
Ilenslow's Sparrow.
237. Cotumiculus lecontii (Aud.) Bp. B 340. c 164. R 200.
Le Conte's Sparrow.
238. Ammodramus maritimus (Wils.) Sw. b 342. c los. r 202.
Seaside Fincb.
239. Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens Ritlg. n — . i(;5a. r 203.
Floridan Seaside Fincli.
240. Ammodramus caudacutus (Wils.) Sw. B341. c igg. R201.
Sliarp-tailed Fincli.
241. Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni Allen, b — . c — . R 20ia.
Nelson's Sliarp-tailed Finob.
242. Melospiza lincolni (Aud.) Bd. b 3G8. c 107. R 234.
Lincoln's Song Sparrow.
243. Melospiza palustris (Biirtr.) Bd. B 369. c 108. R 233.
Swamp Song Sparrow.
244. Melospiza fasciata (Gin.) Scott, b 303. c 109. R 23i.
Song Sparrow.
235. C. p. pEr-pal'-II-dfls. L.it. /jfj/ZiWHS, pallid, p.tlc, ami the intensive purticlc per.
236. C. hCn'-slow-i. To I'rof. J. S. Hinislow, of (."anibriilgc, i:ng.
S37. C. le-c6n'-tl-i. To Dr. .Tolm L. Le Conte, of riiilailelpliia.
238. Am-ma'-drS-mQs m5r-U'-I-mfls. .r. fi/i/uos, saiul, sea-sand ; for the rest of the word, see
under I'litcdlramus, Xo. 110. The name was originally written as above by Swainson,
and we see no necessity of ehanging it to Aminodromus. It is eouuiionly accented on the
penult. — Lat. iiKtrilinms, maritime ; iiKire, the sea.
239. A. m. nig-res'-cens. Lat. ii/i/ivscois, present participle of ui(jrcsco, I grow black; niycr,
black.
240. A. caud-5-cu'-tfls (kowdakootus not eordak.^wtus]. Lat. cniidn, tail, and arutiis, acute,
sharp ; urns, a pin or point, tir. 0(07 or oki'i, whence the Lat. verb aciio, of which aciitiis
is the perfect participle.
241. A. c. nfil'-sfin-i. To K. W. N'l'lson, of Illinois, who discovered it near Chicago.
Not in the orig. ed. Siiue described by Alien, I'r. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, 1875, p. 0.1.
242. Mel-d-spi'-z5 lln'-c61-ni. Gr. /i»Aoi, a song, melody, and (rirl^a or er-niCn. som(> small bird ;
from (Twii^w, I chirp. Not to be ('onfoimdi'il, us some writers have done, with (rwtCia!, a
kind of hawk. The crwi^a of Aristotle is supposed to be Fn'mii/ln rnlilm. — To Robert
Lincoln, sometime a companion of Audubon. — In strictness, the above generic name
should be pronounced imlosprrdztili ; and the / in liiirohii be he .nl.
243. M. p51-Qs'-trIs. Lnt. pnWns, pertaining to a swautp; from /ki/im, a sw... •>.
244. M. fas-cl-a'-t5. Lat. /;i,<;rm/».«, striped ; /7i.<!n'.s-, a bundle of fagots. The allusu. ■ is to the
indistinct bands upon the tail feathers ; so obsulcte are they, in most cases, ti. ♦ it is
only recently that it has been admitted that this is the species described by Omelin.
But the markings are as obvious, in some eases, as those on the tail of Chatiuva /asciaUi.
The species is given as M. vulodia in the orig. ed. of the Check List.
If
w
64
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
i: . •
in
'im
245. Melospiza fasciata fallax (Bd.) Ridg. B 367. c icoa. r 23ia.
Gray Song Sparrow.
246. Melospiza fasciata guttata (Nutt.) Ridg. B — . c iCDfc. R 23id.
Oregon Song Spa'^row.
247. Melospiza fasciata rufina (Brandt) Ridg. B 3C0. c icjc r 23ie.
Rufous Song Sparrow.
248. Melospiza fasciata heermanni (Bd.) Ridg. B 304. c icorf. R 2316.
Heermann's Song Sparrow.
249. Melospiza fasciata samuelis ( Bd.) Ridg. B 343, 3C5. c icoe. R 23ic.
Samuels' Song Sparrow.
250. Melospiza cinerea (Gni.) Ridg. b — . c igo/. r 232.
BischoflT' s Song Sparrow.
251. Peucaea aestivalis (Lidit.) Cab. B 370. c 170. R 226.
Bachman's Summer Finch.
252. Peucaea aestivalis illinoensis Ridg. b — . c — . r 226a.
Illinois Summer Finch.
253. Peucaea aestivalis arizonae Ridg. b — . c i70a. r 227.
Arizona Summer Finch.
i
245. M. f. fal'-lax. Lsit. fallax, false, fallacious, deceitful ; in allusion to the perplexity attend-
ing tlie attempt to distinfjuisli it specifically from M./asciuta.
246. M. f. gut-ta'-t5. Lat. (/uHa/iis, spotted ; (/HMa, a drop.
247. M. f. ru-fi'-na. Lat. riifiis, reddish, of which riijinus is an arbitrary form.
248. M. f. heer'-man-ni. To Dr. A. L. Heermann, of riiiladclphia, sometime naturalist of the
Pacific R. It. Survey.
249. M. f. sSm-Q-e'-lIs. To E. Samuels. Samuelis is more euphonic than the usual form
samiielsi would be.
This is M. gouldii of the first ed. of the Check List, the name now adopted hav-ng
priority.
250. M. cIn-6r'-6-Gs. Lat. cinerciis, ashy(-colored) : from clnis, genitive cincris, ash. So cin-
der, in-c/«-erate, &c.
This is M. iiisiijnis Bd. of the first ed. of tlie Clieck List. As Ridgway has shown
(Pr. Nat. . !us., ii, 1880, p. S) the "Cinereus Fincli" of Pennant, on whicii Gmelin named
a Frinffilla cinerea, from Unalaslika, is this bird.
251. Peu-cae'-5 aes-tt-va'-lls. Gr. wcvK'fi, a pine; supposed to be from itukoi, to prick, in allu-
sion to the " needles " of this tree. Lat. astivtilis = cestivus, pertaining to summer ;
a'stiis, summer.
252. P. a. fl-lI-nfi-Sn'-sIs. To the State of Illinois, with the termination -ensis, indicating
locality. Illinois is the French corruption of the name by which the aborigines called
themselves — Illini, "the men."
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List ; since described by Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Club,
iv, 1870, p. 21!).
253. P. a. 5-rI-zo'-naS. To the Territory of Arizona. Arizona is probably a corruption of
Orazona, the significance of which is unknown ; but it may be observed tliat zona is tlie
word in the Opata language for the fruit of the mezeal, a characteristic product of the
region.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
55
254. Peucaea cassini (Woodh.^ Bd. b 371. c nobu. r 228.
Cassia's Summer Finch.
255. Peucaea nificeps (Cass.) Bd. B 372. c 171. R 230.
Rufous-crowned Summer Fincli.
256. Peucaea ruficeps boucardi (Scl.) Ridg. b — . c — . r 230a.
Boucard's Summer Fincli.
257. Peucaea carpalis Coiics. B — . c nuu. r 229.
Bendire's Summer Fincli.
2b. Amphispiza bilineata (Cass.) Cones. B 355. c 172. R 224.
Blaclt-throated Fincli.
259 Amphispiza belli (Cass.) Coues. B 35c. c 173. R 225.
Bell's Finch.
260. Amphispiza belli nevadensis Ridg. b — . c i73a. r 226a.
Nevada Finch.
261. Junco hiemalis (L.) Scl. b 354. c 174. r 217.
Common Snowbird.
262. Junco hiemalis aikeni Ridg. b — . c i74a. r 21G.
White-winged Snowbird.
ft
■I!
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
P. cas'-sln-l. To John Cassin, of Philadelpliia.
P. ru'-n-ceps. Lat. rnfus, reddish, and -cops, a termination denoting tlic head; from
P. r. bou-car'-di. To Adolphc Boucard, a French naturalist, who collected in Mexico and
Central America.
P. car-pa'-lls. Or. (capirrfs, fruit, berry, grain; also, the wrist; Latinized as cwpus. The
derivation supt.osed to he Kdp<po,, I pither, as fruit ; Lat. mr,m, I take, seize. The quasi-
Latin carpus IS only use.l as signifying the wrist ; the adjective rarpnlls is an arbitrary
form, denoting of or pertaining to the wrist ; airpns and cm-p,tl are common terms in
anatomy. The allusion is to the br -lit color on the carpal-joint of the bird's wing.
Am-phl-spi'-za bl-lln-e-a'-ta. Or. k,i<t>L on both sides, an.l ,r^l(a. a fim^Ii ; in allusion to
the dose relation of the genus to those r.i.out it. See }r,h,.ph„, Xo. 212. Lat. biUneala,
two-lined ; l,s, twice, an.l linmtus, strijied ; linoa, a line : see Umiria, Xo. 207.
This is the l\ms,,i:,i biUmaht of the first ed. of the Check List.
A. ber-li. To J. G. Bell, of Xew York.
A. b. nfiv-a-den'-sls. To the Territory of Nevada. It were better written nivadrmk,m
i>alin, but IS directly from the Spanish adjective „rrnda, snowv, white as snow ; Lat.
mrr».s snowy, from mx, ironitive, mris, snow. The Territory was named for the snow-
capped peaks of its Sierras Xevadas.
Jun^-co I pronounced yooncoj hl-fi-ma'-lls. Lat. ,/»»n,.,. a reed or rush ; cf. jnw,o, I join,
.;»"r/,«, joined ; either, reeds growing densely together, or used as witlies to bind with 1
— For hlrumlis, see Amrthnm, Xo. 70.
J. h. ar-k8n-L To Charles E. Aiken, of Colorado, its discoverer.
This and several other connecting forms of Juno} (Xos. 204, 200, 207) are not in
the orig. cd. of the Check List.
ii
lU I
56
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICA.: BIRDS.
263. Junco hiemalis oregonus (Towns.) Coues. b 352. c 175. r 218.
Oregon Snowbird.
264. Junco hiemalis annectens (Bd.) Coues. b — . c — . r 219.
Plnk-slded Snowbird.
265. Junco hiemalis caniceps (Woodh.) Coues. b 353. c 176. R 220.
Gray-headed Snowbird.
266. Junco hiemalis dorsalis (Hcniy) Coues. b 351. c — . r 221.
Red-backed Snowbird.
267. Junco hiemalis cinereus (Sw.) Coues. b 360. c — . r 222.
Cinereous Snowbird.
268. Spizella monticola (Gm.) Bd. b 357. c 177. r 210.
Tree Chipping Sparrow.
269. Spizella domestica (Bartr.) Coues. B 359. c 178. R 211.
Chipping Sparrow; Hairbird.
270. Spizella domestica arizonae Coues. b — . c i78a. r 2iia.
Arizona Chipping Sparrow.
271. Spizella agrestis (Bartr.) Coues. B 358. c 179. R 214.
Field Chipping Sparrow.
272. Spizella pallida (Sw.) Bp. B 3G0. c I80. R 212.
Clay-colored Chipping Sparrow.
263. J. h. ar-6'-ga-nQs. To the Territory of the Oregon. The name is much in dispute; by
some derived from the name of a plant (onV/njiMw) growing tiiere. It is probably, how-
ever, tlie Algonkiu name of the " great river," the Columbia.
264. J. h. an-n5c'-t5ns. Present participle of aimecto, I join together, connect, annex ; ad, to,
and necto, I fasten, join. The bird is very closely related to several others.
265. J. h. c3'-nl-ceps. Lat. canus, hoary, grayisli white, and -ceps, the termination indicating
head, from k«(/)oAi^.
266. J. h. dSr-sa'-lIs. Lat. dorsum, the back, whence the late Latin adjective, dorsalis.
267. J. h. cIn-6r'-6-fis. Lat. cinpreH.s, ashy (-colored) ; ci'n/s, ash.
The true Mexican cinereus has been found in the United States (Arizona) since the
orig. ed. of the Check List appeared.
268. Spiz-el'-lS [pronounced speedzaylla] m5n-tl'-c6-15. An arbitrary diminutive, in Latin
form, from Gr. (Tiri^a, a finch. — Lat. monticola, a mountain-dweller, from mons, genitive
monlis, a mountain, and colo, I dwell, ^fons is from a root min, wlionco cmineo, for exam-
ple, I project ; eminxnt, Imminent, prominent, and also the deponent verb minor, to threaten,
whence minatenj, &c., are all allied.
269. S. d0m-es'-tl-c5. Lat. domestica, from domus, a house.
This is S. .lociaiis of the orig. ed. of the Check List.
270. S. d. 5-rI-z5'-na5. To the Territory of Arizona See Pe.uceea, No. 253.
271. S. ag-rSs-tl3. Lat. oi;res<is, of or pertaining to a field ; oiycr, a field, supposed by some to be
related to arjo, as something that may be worked ; others say from the Gr. iiyp6s, land.
This is .!^. pusilla of the orig. cd. of the Check List.
272. S. pai'-lI-dS. Lat. pallidus, pale, pallid.
i i
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
67
273. Spizella breweri Cass, b 3Ci. c isoa. r 212. ,
Brewer^s Chipping Sparrow.
274. Spizella atrigularis (Cab.) Bd. b 362. c I8I. R 215.
Black-cliinned Chipping Sparrow.
275. Zonotrichia albicoUis (Gm.) Bp. B 349. c 182. r 209.
Wliitc-throated Crown Sparrow.
276. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Foist.) Sw. b 345. c 183. r 200.
Wlilte-browed Crown Sparrow.
277. Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia Ridg. b 346. c 1836. r 207a.
Intermediate Crown Sparrow.
278. Zonotrichia gambeli Nutt. b 346. c I83a. k 207.
Gambel's Crown Sparrow.
279. Zonotrichia coronata (Pall.) Bd. B 347. c 184. R 208.
Golden Crown Sparrow.
280. Zonotrichia querula (Nutt.) Garab. B 348. c 185. R 205.
Harris's Crown Sparrow.
281. Chondestes grammicus (Say) Bp. b 344. c I86. r 204, 204a.
Lark Finch.
J the
to be
land.
273. S. brew'-fir-i. To Thomas Mayo Brewer, of Boston, long the leading oiilogist of the
United States.
Tliis is given in the first cd. of the Check List as a var. of pallida.
274. S. a-trl-gul-a'-rls. Lat.ater, atra.atrum, hlnak; and j«/a//s, pertaining to the throat; jfw/a,
tlie tliroat, gullet.
275. Zo-no-trich'-!-a fprononnced Dzonotreekeya] al-bl-col'-lls. Gr. ('^''V, <* girdle, band,
zone, and rpixds or rptxtds, some kind of bird ; in allusion to tlio conspicuously banded
heads of sparrows of tliis group. Or, tiie latter part of the word may be directly from
Tptxlai (9p'|, genitive rpixos), hairy; i.e., having the head striped. — Lat. alLicolli.i,
white-throated; alhu.i, wiiite, and colliim, the collar, neck.
276. Z. Ieu-c5'-phrys. Gr. \tvK6s, white, and oippis, eyebrow.
277. Z. 1. in-ter-m6d'-I-5. Lat. inlermediiis, intermediate, between two things ; inter, between.
among, and meditm, middle ; related to Gr. jueVor, of same meaning.
Not in the orig. cd. ; since discriminated botli from leucophrys and from gnmheli.
278. Z. gam'-b61-T. To William Gambel, of Philadelphia, one of the pioneers in Californian
ornitiiology.
In the orig. ed. this is given as a var. of lencnphri/s ; since decided to be distinct.
279. Z. cSr-o-na'-tS. Lat. romnatus, crowni.,i, participle of rnroiio,! crown; rnrnna, a crown.
Coronis or Koptivts was the name of a Thessaiian princess ; also, a scroll witli whidi
writers marked tlie end of a piece of writing — " tinis eoronat opus." Cm-one or Koptivrj
was also a crow or raven, into which the princess was fabled to have been transformed
by her spouse Apollo, and survives in ornithology in the term Covviis corone L.
quCr'-fi-ia. Lat. quendus or qiierulosus, plaintive, querulous ; from qucror, to complain,
lament.
280
281
Chon-d8s'-t5s gram'-ml-cOs. Gr. x"^"'?"*. cartilage ; also, a kind of grain; -eslen is from
the root ?8ai, I eat. Is not the word more properly to be written rhondrestes ? We suppose
it to be masculine. — Lat. grammicus, from yramma, & line, word, mark, in allusion to the
ill
C8
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIliDS.
282. Passerella iliaca (Merr.) Sw. b 374. c 188. R 235.
Fox Sparrow.
283. Pas-^ercila iliaca unalascensis (Gm.) Ridg. b 376. c i89. r 235a.
Townsend^s Fox Sparrow.
284. Passerella ilit ca schistacea ( Bd.) All. b 37g. c isoa. r 236c.
Slate-colored Fox Sparrow.
285. Passerella iliaca megarhyncha (Bd.) Ilcnsh. b — . c — . r 2356.
Large-billed Fox Sparrow.
286. Jalamospiza bicolor (Towns.) Bp, b 377. c loo. r 25G.
Lark Bunting.
287. Spiza americana (Gm.) Bp. b 378. c loi. r 254.
Black-throated Bunting.
288. Spiza townsendi (And.) Ridg. b 379. c 192. r 255. (?)
Tow^nsend's Bunting.
stripes on the head ; Gr. ypdn/m, ypamtiKSs. Usually written fjrammara or grammacus, for
wliiiih there is no authority. And even the corrected form is bad enough ; for graminiciis
does not mean lincatus, striped, marked with lines, but linearis, linear, iiaving the quality
of a line.
283. Pas-sfir-el'-lS i-lI'-5-c5. An arbitrary diminutive of Lat. passer, like splzella from spiza.
— For iliaca, see Tiirdus iliacus, No. 4. Applicability of the name inobvious ; it may be
intended to note some resemblance to the thrush in mention, or refer to the conspicuous
markings of the flanks.
283. P. i. u-nS-Ias-c5n'-sIs. The name of the Aleutian Island for which this species is named,
has no settled orthography : Unalashka, Unalasclika, Unalasclia, Ouna-, Oona-, Aoona-,
Aona-, &c. In the present case, Pennant wrote Unalasclia Bunting, of wliich Gmelin
made Emtieriza unalascheensis, and was nearly followed by Ridgway ; but the word may
be euphonized as above, just as we have alascrnsis as the name of a wren, No. 78.
Tliis stands as Passerella lownsendii in the orig. ed.
284. P. i. sch!s-ta'-c6-S. Lat. (late) .•sc/y/.s/afpii.'!, slaty, relating to slate; in this case, in color;
srhislns or trxiirTifj, split, cleft, or fissile, capable of easy cleavage, as slatc-sione is. The
same stem is seen in srhism, schismatic.
This stands as P. lownscmlii var. schistacea in the orig. ed.
285. P. i. m6g-5-rhyn'-cha. Gr. la^ya, great, large, and ^vyxos, Lat. rhi/nchiis, snout, muzzle,
beak. More exactly to be written merjalnrhi/ncha.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List ; since revived bj' II. W. Ilcnshaw.
286. C51-5-m5-spiz'-S bi'-cai-8r. Lat. calamus or Gr. Kd\afjios, a reed, rush, cane, flag; and
spiza. See under Passer, Xo. 102, and Afrlospiza, No. 212. — Lat. bicolor, two-colored; bis,
twice ; in allusion to the black-and-white of the male.
287. Spiz'-5 [pronounced Speedzali] 5m-er-T-ca'-n5. See under Mdnspiza, No. 242.
Tills stands as Euspiza amcr. in the orig. ed. For the change, sec Ridg., Pr. Nat.
Mus., II, 1880, p. 3.
288. S. town'-s«nd-i. To J. K. Townsend.
Given as Euspiza towns, in the orig ed. No second specimen of this alleged species is
known, and it is not improbable that the type came from an egg laid by .S'. americana.
But even such Immediate ancestry would not forbid recognition of " specific characters ; "
tlie solitary bird having been killed, it represents a species which died at its birth.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
m
289. Zamelodia ludoviciana (L.) Cones, b sso. c 193. r 244.
Rose-breasted Song Grosbeak.
290. Zamelodia melanocephala (Sw.) Coues. B 381. c 194. R 245.
Black-headed Song Grosbeak.
291. Guiraca ccerulea (L.) Sw. b 382. c 195. r 246.
Blue Grosbeak.
292. Passerina ciris (L.) Gray. B 384. c 196. r 251.
Painted Finch ; Nonpareil.
293. Passerina versicolor (Bp.) Gray. B 385. c 197. R 250.
Versicolor Painted Fincb.
294. Passerina amcena (Say) Gray, b 386. c 198. u 249.
Lazuli Painted Fincli.
295. Passerina cyanea (L.) Gray, b 387. c 199. R 248.
indigo Painted Finch; Indigo-bird.
296. Spermophila moreleti riichcran. B 388. c 200. R 252.
Morelot's Seed-eater.
297. Phonipara zena (L., 1758) Bryant. B — . c 201. r 253. (! w. I.)
Black-faced Finch.
289. Za-mSl-o'-dl-a Iu-d5-vl-ct-a'-n5. Gr, f<£, an intensive particle, and ;ufXy8/o, singinp,
nieloily ; in nIlu:jion to tlie strilcingly ricli song. — To Louisinnii ; si'e Thnjatliorifi, No. 6S.
This is given as Gonkiphea lad. in tlie orig. cd. For tiie clumgo, see Cones, Bull.
Nutt. Club, V, 1880, p. 98.
Z. mel-5n-6-ceph'-5-ia. Gr. ni\as, feminine fieKatva, neuter /xtXav, blaek ; Kt<pa\'fi, the head.
GuIr'-5-c5 [pronouncid Gweeraheah] coe-rfll'-C-S. The generic word is barbarous, from
some South American vernacular, and of uncertain meaning. It occurs, witli several
similar words, as //w/id, in Marcgrave. We mark the accent {for which there is no author-
ity) as usually heard. — For cariika, see Polloplila, No. 30.
Pas-s6r-1'-n5 ci'-rls. Passerina, formed from Passer, as PasscreUa and Passemiliis also are.
— C'irls, (Jr. K(7pis, a kind of bird, into which Scylla, daughter of Nisus, is fabled to have
been changed. — Non|)areil = " the incomparable."
For use of Passerina, instead of Cyanosjiiza of the orig. ed., see Coues, Bull. Nutt.
Club, v, 1880, p. !)0.
293. P. ver-sT'-c61-fir. Lat. versia>h>r, of changing or versatile colors, many-colored, party-col-
ored ; vrrso, I turn about, change, am occupied with, versed in, &c. ; color, color.
P. 5-moe'-na [ahmwaynah]. Lat. amwna, delightful, charming, dressy.
P. cy-Sn'-e-S. Lat eyaneus, Gr. Kudvfos or Kvavot, dark blue.
Sper-mfl'-phl-lS m8re-let'-i. Gr. o-Trc'p/ua, genitive (rirfpfiaros, a, seed ; from imtpai, equal
to the Lat. spanp, I sow seed: and <pl\os. from (piKfw, I love. The word is contracted;
the full form is .tpermatophila. — To Morelet, a French naturalist.
Ph5-nl'-p5-r5 ze'-n5. Gr. 0«v^, a sound, the voice ; (^tj/u/, I speak ; the Fnglisli "phonetic"
is from the same. The rest of the word appears to l)e from Lat. jmrio, 1 bring forth, beget,
produce, having the same root as is seen in primi-/)(ii-(7, /»(r-turient, vivi-/)ur-ous, &c. ; if
so, the word is a hybrid which would be better written sonlpara or roeipara. The mean-
ing of :ena we do not know ; we suppose it not to be of Greek or Latin derivation.
This is given as P. hieolor in the orlg. ed. of the Check List, after Frinyilla hicolor L.,
1700; but it seems that /'. zena L., 1708, is the prior tenable name.
290
291
292.
294.
295.
296.
297.
3
1 ■ ',1
! ■! 1
i 'M
j .1
n
60
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
298. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bp. b 38o. c 202. r 243.
Texas Cardinal Grosbeak.
299. Cardinalis virginiana Bp. b 300. c 203. r 242.
Cardinal Grosbealc; Virginia Redbird.
300. Cardinalis virginiana ignea (Bd.) Cones, b — . c 203rt. n 242a.
Fiery-red Cardinal Grosbeali.
301. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (L.) V. b 391. c 204. r 237.
Towliee Bunting; Cliewinlc.
302. Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Cones, b — . c 204a. r 2?un.
White-eyed Towhee Bunting.
303. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (Bell) Cones, b 392. c 205. r 2;;86.
Oregon Towhee Bunting.
304. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Sw.) Coues. b 3!)3. c 205a. r 238.
Arctic Towhee Bunting.
305. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (Bd.) Couos. b 394. c 2056. r 238a.
Spurred Towhee Bunting.
S98. P}rr-rhiS-15x'-T-S sIn-Q-a'-t5. A forcible combination of Pijrrhula and Lo.rin : sec these
words, Nos. 100 and 100 ; or may be said to be more properly conipoinulod of pj/nhim,
itv^(>os, fiery-red, and Kollas; in wliicli event, it siiould be written pijrrhutoxM. — Lat. siima-
tiis, bent, bowed, curved, as the bill of the bird is; from siniio, the verb; slims, the noun,
a curve, bending, bay.
290. Car-dln-a'-lls vlr-gln-l-a'-n5. Lat. cardinalis, pertaining to a door-hinge : canlo, genitive
cardiiils, a door-hinge ; hence, that upon wliicli something turns or depends ; as, cardinal
points of the compass ; hence, any important thing or person ; applied with obvious sig-
nification to the chief officials of the I'ope. These ecclesiastical dignitaries wear red ;
hence the phrase "cardinal-red." The term is ajjplied to the bird as descriptive of its
rich red color. As a Latin word, cardinalis is only an adjective; used substantively, its
gender is either masculine or feminine. We take the latter, because most words ending in
IS- are feminine. — Lat. virginiana, of Virginia, euphemistically named for Elizabeth,
daughter of Henry VIII.
300. C. V. ig'-n6-S. Lat. igneus, fiery, flaming ; said of color as well as of other properties ;
iijnis, fire.
301. Pi'-pH-S 6-rjrth-r8ph-th51'-miSs. Vieillot, in forming tlie word, wrote both pipilo and
pipillo. It is a Latin verb, meaning, like/)//)/o, I pip, peep, chirp. Notice the accentua-
tion and quantity of the vowels. — Gr. 4pv0p6s, red or reddish; ipdBw, I redden ; oipOaX-
Ii6s, the eye, from iirroiiai, a verb obsolete in the present, or opiui, I see ; we find both
words in "ophthalmic," " optic." The species is red-eyed. — The curious Knglish words
" towhee " and " chewink " are onomatopecic : that is, coined to imitate the sound of
the bird's voice.
P. e. 51'-l6n-i. To Joel Asaph Allen, of Cambridge, Mass., one of the leading naturalists
of the United States.
P. m5-cQl-5'-tfls 6r-6-g5'-niSs. Lat. winrH/a/us, spotted ; mncH/a, a spot. — To the Oregon
River. Quantity of the penult in q\iestion, perhaps bettor ore'gdnus.
The stock species, P. maculatus, is not North American.
P. m. arc'-tl-c5. See Slalia, No. 20.
P. m. m6-gSl'-fi-n"x. Gr. /itydKri (feminine of fityas), large, great, and 6vu^, Lat. oni/x, a
nail, claw, talon. The word is connnonly accented on a long penult; a practice perhaps
defensible on the ground that niegalS-Onyx = megalonyx.
302.
303.
304.
305.
ft :.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
CI
306. Pipilo fliscus mesoleucus (Bd.) Ridg. b 397. c 200. R 240.
Brown Towhee Bunting; Cuiion Bunting.
307. Pipilo ftiscus albigula (Bd.) Coues. B — . c 20C0. r 240a.
IVblte-throated Towheo Bunting.
308. Pipilo fiiscus crissalis (Vig.) Coues. B 396. c 2066. R 2406.
Crlssal Towhee Bunting.
309. Pipilo aberti Bd. b 395. c 207. R 241.
Abort's Towhee Bunting.
310. Pipilo Chlonirus (Towns.) Bd. B 398. C 208. R 239.
Green-tailed Towlieo Bunting.
311. Embernagra rufovirgata Lawr. b 373. c 209. r 236.
Green Finch.
312. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (L.) Sw. b 399. c 210. r 257.
Bobolink; Reed-bird; Rice-bird.
Mi
308. P. fus'-ciSs m£s-fi-leQ'-ciis. Lat./iMcis, fuscous, dark, dusky, likcyi/wis; both allied to
Gr. optpds, of same meaning, from 6p(f>i ■f), night or darkness '. — Gr. fiiaoi, middle, \fvK6s,
wliitc; in allusion to the color of the middle under parts. This word is derived from
Afi/fTo-oi or yKaixKTw, I shine ; this from ay\aia, splendor, the name of one of the Muses.
This is given as P. ftiscus in the orig. ed. ; but the bird of Arizona is said to be dis-
tinguishable from the Mexican stock species.
307. P. f. ai-bl'-gfl-ia. [Not albii/cw'ler.] Lat. alhiis, white; gula, throat. This is one of num-
berless cases where the termination of the word is in question. AUiigulu may be taken
as a feminhie noun, and left in this form, whatever the gender of the word with which
it is associated ; or it may be considered an adjective in -us, -a, -urn, and made masculine
to agree with P./itsnis. There is ample authority and precedent for the latter course,
which our taste disinclines us to take. Knglish affords a parallel latitude of construc-
tion, as when we say indifferently "yellow-rump warbler "or "yellow-rumped warbler,"
" Carolina chickadee " or " Carolinian chickadee." A better form than either altn'i/ithis
or albifjuhi would be (Mujiilmis.
303. P. f. cris-sa'-lls. Late Lat. nissalis, pertaining to the crissum, or under-tail coverts, which
in this bird are highly colored. There arc no such classic words, thej- having been in-
vented by llliger in 1811: but. there is a verb crisso, expressing a certain action of the parts.
309. P. 5'-bert-i. To Lieutenant .J. W. Abert, of the U. S. A n- , who discovered it.
310. P. chlo-ru'-riis. Gr. x^aipc^j, green, from x^fia, green grass; oZpa, tail.
311. Em-ber-na'-grS ru-fd-vir-ga'-t5. EmlHrmuim is a villanous word, concocted by Lesson
out of Emhcrha and Tanw/ra. Euihrrizn, a bunting, is a word the derivation of which
is not classic. It is said, doubtless correctly, to be Latinized from the O. II. G. Kmhritz:
"Charleton (1008) has Emliri/:a " CVVharton's MS.) ; and we may add that there were
various other forms of the word before it settled into the present one. — There are Latin
words Tnniiger and Tmuujra ; but these are geographical proper names, having nothing
to do with the present case. Tamjam or TamKjra is a South American vernacular
word. — Lat. rnfiis, rufous, reddish, and rirrjatns, literally, made of twigs; from vin/a, a
rod, switch, the application being the stripes with which the bird is marked. Commonly
written rufivinjota : see f.ojthoiih(ims. No. 42.
312. D61-Tch'-6-nyx 6-ry-zI'-v6-riSs. Gr. 8oAix<^s, long, and it^uf, a nail, claw, talon. The gender
is in question ; but the Greek uw^, Lat. oniix, is masculine, though Latin words in -yx are
usually feminine. The usual pronunciation is dolicho'nyx: but see Pipilo, No. 305. Gr.
Spu(a, or Lat. oiyza, rice, and voro, I devour.
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62
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
313. Molothrus ater (Codd.) Gray, b 400. c 2H. r 268.
Cowbird.
314. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gm.) Coues. b — . c 211a. r 268a.
Dwarf Cow-bird.
316. Molothrus aeneus Cab. B — . c — . r 269.
Bronzed Cowbird.
316. Agelseus phceniceus (L.) V. b 401. c 212. r 2C1.
Red-winged Marsh Blacltbird.
317. Agelaeus phceniceus gubemator (Wagl.) Coucs. B402. C2i2a. R2Cia.
Red-sliouldered Marsli Blacltbird.
318. Agelseus tricolor Niitt. b 403. c 2126. r 202.
Red-aud-whito-sliouldered Marsli Blaclibird.
wi:y-^
313. M8-ia'-thr0s a'-t€r. Undc derivnttirl The ortliogrnpliy and etymology of molothrus are
alike in dispute. Swainsun liiinsclf says, " noKoOpos, qui <wii vncalu.i nliemi.i avdi-s inlrat; "
that is, an uninvited guest. There being no such Greek womI as noKodpos, but tliere being
a good Greek word tio\ofip6s, meaning one who roams in quest of food, a vagabond, a
beggar, a i)arasite, a " tramp" (as we siiould say now), and therefore exactly answering
to Swainson's explanation of his molothrus, it has been supposed by Cabanis that Swain-
son meant to say molohrus, and the word has consequently been changed. Though this
is very true, it is also to be observed that Swainson wrote molothrus mere than once,
showing it not to be a misprint or other mistake, and that, further, it is quite possible to
construct the word molothrus from fiuXos and OpdirKw {Bopetv, e6pw, 0ua>), and answer all
the conditions of Swainson's definition ; molothrus being, in this case, a bird whicli takes
uninvited possession of other birds' nests, and there leaves an alien egg in mockery of
the rightful owners. We therefore see no necessity to rcj)lace molothrus by molohrus. The
first o is marked long as being Or. ai, the second as lengthened by position.
This stands in the orig. ed. as M. pccoris, corrected in a footnote.
314. M. a. 5b-scu'-rfls. Lat. obscurus, obscure, dark; ohscuro, I darken; Gr. ffKid, shadow,
shade.
This stands as M. pccoris var. obscurus in the orig. ed.
315. M. a. aE'-n6-Qs. Lat. eencHs, of brass, brassy, brazen, bronzed; from <rs, genitive erris, brass.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since discovered by J. C. Merrill, in Texas.
316. A-gel-a5'-Qs phoS-ni'-cC-Qs. Gr. iytAoioj, pertaining to flocks and herds, from i-yt'ATj, a
flock : this from ayftpw, I assemble, from Syoi, I lead ; in allusion to the gregariousness
of these Blackbirds. — Gr. ipoivlKtos, or Lat. phceniceus, deep red ; " a color first intro-
duced into Greece by the Phoenicians." The fabulous bird Phuunix, and the name of
Phoenician, and the word for flame-color, are all the same, tpolvt^. This itself is a ra<li-
cal word, but related through <t)ow6t, <p6vos, with (ptvai, (fxia, I kill, slay, as if the idea of
the whole set of words were that of murder, from its traditional color of blood. The
obvious application is to the scarlet on the wings.
317. A. p. gflb-Er-na'-t6r. Lat. ijubcmator, Gr. KvBfpvfirris (cybcrnetcs), a pilot, helnisman ;
fjuhernum or ipthcrnaoilum, a rudder, tiller ; r/uhcriio, Gr. Kufifpvda) or Kvfitpvu. I steer a ship ;
hence, to direct or govern in general. Govern, governor, are directly from ijuhcrno, and
the actual Latin lingers in gubernatorial. The ini])lication is the red shoulder-knots or
epaulettes of the bird, as if signs of rank or command.
318. A. trl'-c61-5r. Lat. /nco/or, three-colored ; /res, three, becoming in composition <n-.
This stands as A. phctniceus var. tricolor in the first ed., but proves to be sufliciently
distinct.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
68
319. Xanthocephalus icterocephalus (Bp.) Bd. b 404. c 213. R 260.
Yellow-headed Swamp Blackbird.
320. Sturnella magna (L.) Sw. b 400. c 214. r 203.
Meadow Starling; Flold-lark.
321. Sturnella magna mexicana (Scl.) Ridg. b — . c — . r 203a.
Mexican Meadow Starling.
322. Sturnella magna neglecta (Aud.) Allen, b 407. c 2i4a. r 204.
Western Meadow Starling.
323. Icterus vulgaris Daud. b 408. c — . r 2C5. (»w.i.)
Trouplal.
324. Icterus spurius (L.) Bp. b 414. c 216. r 270.
Orchard Oriole.
325. Icterus spurius affinis (Lawr.) Coucs. b — . c 2i6a. r — . (?)
Texas Orchard Oriole.
326. Icterus galbula (L., 1758) Coues. b 41B. c 216. r 271.
Baltimore Oriole.
i >
i ■
cntly
319. X5n-th8-ceph'-51-fls Ic-ter-fi-ceph'-SI-iSs. Gr. {oi/9rfi, bright yellow. — Or. Urtpot, or Lat,
icterus, see Icteria, No. 144. Kelntcd apparently to 1k(d, I attack, as disease does.
320. Stur-n5l'-15 mag'-nS. Diminutive of Lat. «<i(rnMs, a starling; as spizelln from spiza. — Lat.
mat^niia, great, large ; root nuu/, as seen in Gr. n^yas; whence also viacttis, magnified, glo*
rifled : mayl, mar/icicin, miu/ic, are all allied.
321. S. m. m5x-I-ca'-n5. Latinized Mexican. See S'/a^/o, No. 28.
Not in the orig, ed. Since discovered in Te.xas by J, C. Merrill.
322. S. m. n5g-lSc'-t5. Lat. ne<jkcia, neglected, that is, not chosen, not heeded ; from ncc, not,
and l((jo, I elioose, select, &c. See Pants, No. 51.
323. Ic'-ter-fis vQl-g5'-rIs. See Sittrmts, No. .30.1. — Troupial or (roopial, from the Fr. trouper, is
simply trooper, tlie bird that goes in troops.
Not in the orig. cd. Said to straggle to Southern States. No late case of its so doing.
324. I. spG'-rl-Qs. For Icterus, see Icteria, No. 144, and Xnuthocrplmlus, No. 310. — Lat. spurius,
illegitimate, bastard, spurious ; related to the Gr. <Twopd, seed, generation, birth, &c.,
irirtlpoD, I sow seed. The bird was formerly called " Bastard Baltimore Oriole," whence
the undeserved Linna?an name.
335. L s. af-fi'-nis [accent the penult]. Lat. affinis, ad, aniljiuis, allied, affined.
This subspecies is very slightly distinguislicd from its stock.
326. I. gSl'-bfi-lS. Lat. ijaUiula or (jahjnla, some small j-ellow bird of the .nncients ; doubtless
derived from some word signifying yellow: there are Latin wonh (/allms, iiallianus, Germ.
gcK', &c., of such meaning. — The curious English word oriole, for which no derivation
is given in some standard works, has evidently a similar reference to the color yellow,
being equivalent to aureole ; Lat. anrnm or Gr. avpov, gold : such form of tlie word for
gold, with or- instead of aur-, is seen in the Fr. or. — "Baltimore," the former specific
name of the bird, is not directly from the city of that name, but from the name of Sir
George Calvert, first Baron of Baltimore, the colors of the bird being chosen by him for
his livery, or, as Cate.sby has it (N. II. Car., i, 1731, p. 48), the bird being named from its
resemblance in color to the Lord's coat of arms — " which are Paly of six Topaz and
Diamond, a Bend, interchang'd." The name bnllimore, L., 1700, as given in the orig. ed.
of the Check List, is antedated by Coracias galbula L., 1758 ; see Coucs, Bull. Nutt. Club,
April, 1880, p. 98.
»n
I
64
CHECK LIST OF NOllTH AMERICAN BIliDS.
327. Icterus buUocki (Sw.) Bp. B 4io. c 217. u 272.
Biillock^s Oriole.
328. Icterus cucullatus Sw. n 413. c 218. u 200.
Iloodod Oriole.
329. Icterus parisiorum Bp. n 411. r 2i!>. n scs.
Stott'a Oriole.
330. Icterus melanocephalus auduboni (Gir.) Coucs. n 400. c 220. R 20(5.
Autluboirs Ulaeli-lioiuicd Oriole.
331. Scolecophagus ferrugineus (Gm.) Sw. b 417. c 221. R 273.
Kusty Cirackle.
332. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Wagl.) Cab. b 418. c 222. r 274.
I)lue-liea<le<l Grarkle.
333. Quiscalus macrurus Sw. n 419. c 223. r 275.
Great-tailed Crow lllackliird.
327. I bfil'-18cl{-I. To William Bullock, sometime a collector in Mexico, and proprietor of a
famous museum in Lon(lr)n.
328. I. cfl-cul-la'-tfls. T.at. ruaillatux, liooded ; cuculh, a kind of hood or cowl fastened to a gnr-
nunt, to be drawn over the head.
329. I. p5r-is-I-5'-rtSn. Lat. I'lirinlorum, of flie Parisians. Tlie Parluli were a people of Gaul,
settled on the river Svuoms, now the Seine; their chief city, LitUlin, called also Liilttia
I'arisiiirum and I'wisii, is now I'aris. There is no ap])lieal>ility of the name to the bird :
Bonaparte probably so called it from national vanity, or because he found a specimen
in a museum in Paris. The name is conmionly but wrongly written }inil.sonim.
330. I. inSl-5n-6-ceph'-51-Qs aad'-0-b6n-i. Ur. /utAos, feminine /wtAoii/o, black; and (cKpoAi^,
head. — To J. J. Audubon.
331. Sc5-le-ca'-ph5-giS3 f5r-ra-gIn'-6-0s. Gr. trKui\VKo<l>dyos, a, worm-oaicr; (r»c(«\r){, genitive
(tkuJAtjkos, a worm, and <pdyu, I eat. It is also a F.atiii word, .sro/cj-, worm. — Lat./Jcm/i-
7i('iif!, rusty-red, color of iron rust; from /inw/o, iron-rust; firrum, iron. — The curious Kng-
lish word ijravkh' or qriikle is nngllci/ed from Lat. (jmcuhis or i/rnrniliis, a very uncertain
bird, by some supposed to be the jackdaw, by others the corTnorant or sea-crow ; and
the I^atin word itself is supposed to be merely in imitation of a hoarse croak, gm, gra.
See what is said under QnerqitPtluht, No. 714.
333. S. cy-5n-6-c6ph'-51-iSs. Gr. xiavos, or Lat. njaiinis, blue ; and Kfi^oA^, head.
333. Quis'-c5-lfis mac-ru'-rfis. Unde (Icriraliir gui.iniliis ! AVe have no proof whence it comes
or what it means: it varies in form, as qiiiscala, quiscnia. Mr. W. C. Avery asks: "Is
f/ul.imlus an onomatopn-on ? I can find no Latin or Greek word like it," Mr. II. T.
Wharton observes: " Quisrnliis seems a native name; if it is, the termination -h.? only
obscures its origin without Latinizing it." Professor A. Newton remarks at greater
length : " Qiiisraliis was doubtless taken by Vieillbt from the Gmcula quisada o* Linnieus
(S. N., ed. 10, p. 100). I cannot find this word or any thing like it in any older author;
but I have an instinctive conviction that it must occur somewhere ; for, aa far as my
studies of Linna'us's work go, they show me that he did not invent names. From his
printing the word in both eds. (10th and 12th) with a capital initial letter, it is obvious
that he regarded it as a substantive, and I should think he must have found it in some
book of travels as the local name of a bird. The word seems to me Spanish or quasi-
Spanish — say Creole — and the regular Castilian qiiisquilla, which dictionaries explain
to bo a trifling dispute, suggests a meaning, especially when one reads of the noisy and
fussy bickerings of your Boat-tails." If, as seems highly probable, we arc here on the
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMElilCAN JJIIiDS.
65
334. Quiscalus major V. n 420. c 224. n 277.
DouUtulletl Crow Uluckblrd ; Jiu'kdaw.
335. Quiscalus purpureas (Hartr.) Licht. H42i. c 226. R 278.
I'lirplo Crow Uhicklilrd ; I'urplo Clruckle.
336. Quiscalus purpureus aeneus llidg. b — . c — . u 278*.
Bronzed Crow Uloekblrd.
337. Quiscalus purpureus aglseus (Bd.) Couea. b 422. c 225a. r 278a.
Florida Crow DIackblrd.
338. Corvus corax L. b 423. 424. c 220. r 28O.
Raven.
339. Corvus cryptoleucus Couch. B 425. c 227. R 281.
Wlilte-nccked Raven.
340. Corvus flrugivorus IJartr. b 420. c 228. R 282.
Common American Crow.
341. Corvus firugivorus floridanus (Bd.) Coues. b 427. c 2280. r 282a.
Florida Crow
342. Corvus caurinus Bd. b 428. c 2286. r 2826.
Northwestern Crow.
334.
335.
336.
337
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
right track of tlip word, we mny porlmps go a stop further, and trace the undoubtedly
barbarous word iiiiismliis through (inist/uilhi to tiic similar hat. (jiiisi/nilur, wliicli tlie lexi-
cons give as meaning refuse, dregs, or otiier tritling wortiiless matters ; as we niigiit say,.
riff-rtiff, nuj-tdf/ ; and sucii wouUl not be wliolly inappropriate to tliese vagabond troopers,
80 common every wiiere as to come under tlie contempt of familiarity. — Ur. fiaKp6s, long,
large, and oipa, tail.
Q. ma'-jfir. Lat. major, greater, comparative of magnus.
Q. pur-pQr'-e-iSs. Sec Carpodacus, No. 104.
Q. p. aS'-ne-Qs. See Molothnis, No. .")15.
Not in the orig. e<l. of the Cheek List : since recognized.
Q. p. ag-laS'-iSs. br. iyKalos or iy\a6s, shining, from ay\aCa, splendor ; also the name of
one of the Muses, Ohs. — Not to be confounded with arjclivux, which sec, No. .310.
C5r'-viSs c8r'-ax. Lat. rorviis, a crow. — Lat. rornx or Gr. KSpa^, a raven. — Cnrriis is by
some considered an onomatopcron, and referred through the (ir. Kpd^ai, Kpw^w, to croak,
back to a Sanscrit root of same signification. — Cura.c is more obviously a word of
similar formation, as may also be the English crow,
C. cryp-t6-leQ'-cu3. Gr. nprnrSs, hidden (with which compare Eng. rri/pl), and KtvKdt,
white; the allusion being to the concealed white at the bases of the feathers of the neck.
C. fru-gl'-v6-rfls. Lat. /niijironis, fruit-eating; fnt.r, genitive yn"//.s, fruit, and voro, I
devour. Friir is from f'nwr, fniitiis, fnicliis, as it is sometliing that may be enjoyed.
Voro is rooted in /3op, as seen in fiopd, food, and $6trKw (/Srfw), I eat.
This is given as C. aiwriramis in the orig. cd. of the Check List.
C. f. flIo-rl-da'-niSs. To Florida. Flora, Goddess of flowers ; Jlos, a flower.
C. caQ-ri'-nCis. There is no such Latin word. Caurinus has been supposed to be equiva-
lent to cortlmis, crew-like, but is directly derived from cnitrus, the North-west wind, the
species having been discovered on the North-west coast of the United States.
This stands as C. nmericamts var. cawimis in the orig. ed. : it has been redetermined to
be distinct, as originally described by Baird.
'i' ■
i'-l
^si
m'. 'i'
66
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
343. Corvus maritimus Bartr. b 429. c 229. r 283.
Fish Crow.
344. Piciconms columbianus (Wils.) Bp. b 430. c 230. R 284.
Clarke's Nutcrackor.
345. Gymnocitta cyanocephala Maxim. B 431. c 231. R 285.
Blue Nutcracker.
346. Psilorhinus morio (Wagl.) Cab. B444. c 232. R 288.
Brown Jay.
347. Pica rustica hudsonica (Cab.) Ridg. B 432. c 233. R 28C.
American Magpie.
348. Pica rustica nuttalli (And.) Coues. B 433. c 233a. R287.
YclloTV-billed Magpie.
349. Cyanocitta cristata (L.) Strickl. B 434. c 234. R 289.
Blue Jay.
350. Cyanocitta stelleri (Gm.) Strickl. B 435. c 235. R 200.
Steller's Jay.
351. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (Bd.) Ridg. b — . c — . r 2906. (?)
Connective Jay.
343. C. m5r-It'-I-miSs. See Ammodrmnus, No. 2.38.
This staiul8 as C. ossl/rdnus in the orij,'. ed.
344. Pi-cl-cor'-vfls c6-lum-bI-a'-ntSs. Tiie fieiieric name is compounded of pica and cnnnis :
see tiu'se words, Xos. !347 and 008. — 'I'iie specific name refers to the ColuniLia River,
wiienee Lewis and Clarke first brought specimens.
345. Gym-n6-cit'-ta cy-3n-a-c6ph'-a-la. Gr. yvfivos, naked ; in allusion to the nostrils beiiij;
e.xposei' as is unusual in tiiis family ; xhra or Kiatra, a jaj'. — ISee SrultcujiluKjus, No. 302.
346. Psl-l6-rhi'-nfis mSr'-t-o. Gr. V'lArfs, snuxith, bare, bald, in allusion to the uncovered nos-
trils, from }\iiu; and (>is, genitive l)iv6i, the nose. — The specific name is morio, "a dark
brown gem," in allusion to the color, which is remarkable in this group of birds.
347. Pi'-c5 rus'-tl-ca h0d-s6n'-T-c5. Lat. pica, a magpie. It is supposed by some to bo for
jiiijn, th.'it e(|uivalcnt to pi<il(i or piiia, from /liiii/o, I paint; hence signifying painted,
speckled, /)/((/. The same dubious etymology is ascribed to the masculine form of the
word, piciis, which see, No. 4:>;5. — Lat. rustinis, rustic, rural, from rim, the co.> .try as dis-
tinguished from tlie city. — To Hudson's Bay, nameil after Ileury Hudson, the explorer.
This stands as /'. militnohnrn liuilsoiiira in ilic orig. ed. ; but rustica iuis long priority.
348. P. r. nQt'-t51-li. To Thomas Xuttall, the botanist and ornithologist.
This stands as P. mclaiiolmca iiullalli in the orig. ed.
340. Cy-Sn-fi-cIt'-tS cris-ta'-ta. Gr. KvavSs, ci/aiwKs, blue, and (cCrTa. a jay. — Lat. cristatim,
Ci.sted ; crista, a crest ; related to crisco, I grow, and criiiis, hair, througli a eonnnon root.
For use of Ci/aiiocittd instead of Ci/ammis, as in the orig. ed., see Coues, Bull. Nutt.
Club, V, 1880, p. 5)8.
t
350, C. stel'-ler I. To G. W. Steller, surgeon and naturalist.
351. C. s. an-nec'-tSns. Lat. anmclcns [ad and nertn, to bind), annexing, annectant, connecting,
tying together ; because this subspecies is intermediate between others of the same stock,
serving to link them to each other.
Not in the orig. cd. of the Check List.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
67
352. Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha (Bd.) Coues. b 43g, c 235a. r 290c.
Long-crested Jay.
353. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridg.) Coues. b — . c 2356. r 290a.
Blue-fronted Jay.
354. Aphelocoma floridana (Bartr.) Cab. B 439. c 236. R 29i.
Florida Jay.
355. Aphelocoma floridana woodhousii (Bd.) Allen, b 438. c 23Co. r 202.
Woodhouse's Jay.
356. Aphelocoma floridana califomica (Vig.) Coues. B437. c 23G6. R 293.
Callfornlan Jay.
357. Aphelocoma ultramarina arizonae Ridg. b 440. c 237. R 295.
Arizona Jay.
358. Xanthura luxuriosa (Less.) Bp. B 442. c 238. R 200.
Rio Grande Jay.
359. Perisoreus canadensis (T>,) Bp. b us. c 239. u 297.
Canada Jay.
360. Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons Ridg. b — . c — . r 2976.
Alaslian Jay.
1 ,
352. C. s. mac-rfi'-18-ph5. Gr. naxpos, long, and K6<t>os, a mane, crest, comb, from \4irw, as is
also \firts, KfiTus, a scale, and many similar words. Usually pronounced macrolo' pha.
353. C. s. fron-ta'-lls. hut. frontalis, relating to frons, the forehead, front.
354. A-phe-16'-c8-m5 flo-rI-da'-n5. Gr. cKptK'fit, smooth, sleek, and Kofxt}, Lat. coma, hair ; in
allusion to the lack of crest. Tiie word primarily means smooth, even in the sense of
free from stones ; a privative, and <pt\6s or <ptKK6s, a stone ; <p(K\fii, rocky soil, &c.
355. A. f. wo6d-hous'-I-i. To S, W. Woodhouse, M. D., of I'hiladelphia, who explored in
New Mexico and Arizona.
356. A. f. cal-I-for'-nI-c5. To the State of California.
357. A. ul-tra-m5r-i'-na S-rI-z5'-nae. Lat. n/^m, beyond, from the adverb »/.s, beyond, opposed
to CIS, on this side; and mariim, marine, relating to the sea, mare ; in allusion to the deep
blue color, as of tlie higli sea ; " ultramarine " blue. — See Peucita, No. 253.
'''his stands in the orig. ed. as .1. sorilida, " Sieber's Jay."
358. Xan-thu'-r5 lux-fl-rI-6'-s5. Or. ^ai/fltfs, yellow, and oZpa, tail. — Lnxunsn was doubtless
intended by Lesson for Lat. Iii.niridsn, lu.xurious, in allusion to the elegant coloration.
This stands in the orig. ed. as A', i/iiras var. luxiiosa, but proves to be distinct from the
Peruvian i/iicas.
369. Pfir-I-so'-rC-iis c5n-5-d5n'-sIs. I'mli- litriraturf One of the dictionaries gives a sorix,
defined as a bird dedicated to Saturn ; whence Pcrisortus might be derived as an adjec-
tival form, intensified l)y the preposition piri-. This would accord in idea with the term
infinistus bestowed Ijy liinna'us on the ICuropean species, and also with I>i/.toniiihla, the
generic t' nn invented by Swainson ; there being some superstition attaching to the jays
of this gel. us. But we advance tliis etymology as mere conjecture. We may note also
the Gr. <Top6s, a tomb or sepulchre.
330, P. c. fia'-ml-fr5ns. Lat. yiiwius, smoke, and/ion.s, forehead; related to Or. 6vw, I offer
incense.
Described since the orig. cd. ; Ridg., Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 6.
es
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
361. Perisoreus canadensis obscurus Ridg. b — .c 239a. r 298.
Oregon Jay.
362. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Bd. b — . c 2396. R 297a.
Rocky Mountain Jay.
363. Stumus vulgaris L. b — . c — . u 279. (g. !e.)
European Starling.
364. Pitangus derbianus (Kaup) Scl. B — . c — . R 308.
Lord Derby's Flycatcher.
365. Myiodynastes luteiventris Scl, B — . c — . R 310.
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
366. Milvulus tyrannus (L.) Bp. b 122. c 240. r 302. (!s. a.)
Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
367. Milvulus forficatus (Gm.) Sw. b 123. c 241. r 301.
Swallow-tailed Flycatcher; Scissor-tail.
368. Tyrannus carolinensis (L.) Bd. b 124. c 242. r 304.
Tyrant Flycatcher; King-bird; Bee-martin.
369. Tyrannus dominicensis (Gra.) Rich. B 125. c 243. R 303.
Gray Tyrant Flycatcher; Gray King-bird.
361. P. c. ob-scu'-rQs. See Molothrus, No. 3U.
362. P. c. c5p-l-ta'-lls. Lat. capitalis, capital, relating to the h- 1, caput, the color of which
distinguishes the race from the stock species.
36G. Stur'-niis vul-ga'-rls. Lat. stumus, a stare or starling. — Lat. t'»/j(im, vulgar, common ;
vul(ius, or vohpis, the people or folk, is digamniated Gr. FoKxos, with transposition of
letters from &x^os, a crowd.
Not in the orig. ed. Only American as occurring in Greenland, and there only acci-
dentally, in one known instance.
364. PIt-an'-giSs der-bl-a'-nfis. Pitangus is a barbarous word, of some South American ver-
nacular ; it occurs, in several forms, in Marcgrave. — The species is dedicated to the
Earl of Derby.
Not in the orig. cd. of the Check List. Since discovered in Texas by G. B. Sennett.
See Coups, The Country, i, p. 184, July 13, 1878.
366. MyT-6-dyn-as'-t5s lut-6I-vSn'-trIs. Gr. fivia, a fly, and Swatrriis, a sovereign, ruler, &c. ;
Svvafits, prwer, from Svvafiat, I can, I urn able. — Lat. litiiis, luteuus, yellow, from lilum, a
plant used for yellow dye, and venter, genitive voitris, the belly ; said to be digamniated
from Gr. tvrtpov, the entrails.
Not in tlie orig, cd. of the Check List : since discovered in Arizona by H. W.
llcnshaw. See Ilensh., Rep. Expl. W. 100 Merid., v, 1875, p. 340, pi. xiv.
366. Mil'-vO-lus tyr-an'-nfls. Lat. milvulus, diminutive of milvus, a kite. — Lat. tyrannus, Gr.
rvpavvos, a ruler, despot, " tyrant ; " well applied to a bird of this genus.
367. M. for-fT-c5'-tQs. Lat../br/iVafws, a participial adjective, as if from a verb forjico ; for/ex, a
pair of shears, scissors, which the deeply forked tail resembles.
368. Tyr-an'-nfls c5-ra-lln-5n'-sls. Sec .l///iWH.<i, No. 360. — N "d after the State of Caro-
lina : the direct adjective from Carolus, Charles. See " m,is, No. 10.
369. T. d6m-In-T-cen'-sIs. Named after the island of Hayti or St. Uomingo; dominicus, do-
mnus, domus. Sec Dendraca, No. 129.
':i
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
69
370. Tyrannus verticalis Say. b 126. c 244. r 306.
Arkansas Tyrant Flycatcher.
371. Tyrannvis vociferans Sw. b 127. c 245. r 307.
Gassings Tyrant Flycatcher.
372. Tyrannus melancholicus couchi (Bd.) Coues. b 128, 129. c 246. r 305.
Couch's Tyrant Flycatcher.
373. Myiarchus crinitus (L.) Cab. b 130. c 247. R 312.
Great Crested Flycatcher. [See Addendn. No. 830.
374. Myiarchus erythrocercus Scl. and Salv.? b 132 v c — . r 311. (?)
Rufous-tailed Crested Flycatcher.
375. Myiarchus cinerescens (Lawr.) Scl. B 131. c 248. R 3i3.
Ash-throated Crested Flycatcher.
376. Myiarchus lawrencii (Gir.) Bd, B. 133. c 249. R 3i4. (!M.)
Lawrence's Crested Flycatcher.
377. Sayiornis sayi (Bp.) Bd. B 13g. c 250. R 3i6.
Say's Pewit Flycatcher.
•1 '. ■•'
; . 11'
370.
371.
373.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
do-
T. v5r-tl-ca'-lls. Lat. verticalis, vertical, i'. «., relating to the vertex, top or crown of the
head, wiiich has a flame-colored patch. The etymological meaning of vertex is vortex, the
turning or whirling thing, from verlo, I turn.
T. v5-cl'-fer-ans. Lat, present participle vociferans, vociferating, vociferous, from voclfiro ;
vox, genitive vocts, voice, an(\J('ro, I bear.
T. mfil-an-chSl'-I-ciSs. Gr. iJit\ayxo\iK6s, melancholy, from jueAas, feminine /ucAaiva, black,
and x'^Aoy. gii". bile; Lat. mclanc/wliciis, atrabilious. Tiie ancients had some notions on
tliis subject which make tlie term not wholly inapplicable to a bird of splenetic, irri-
table disposition, as all of this genus are. — To Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., who collected
extensively in Matamoras and Texas.
Myl-ar'-chQs cri-ni'-tiis [not " crinnytus," as usually heard], Gr. nu7a, a fl)', and ipx^^}
u ruler, leader, chief, from fipx""- I i'" fi""*'. l<?ad, rule, or opx'^i the beginning. This
theme is seen in our prefix arch-, as arch-bishop, &c. — Lat. criiiilus, haired, i. e., crested,
from crliiis, hair of the head. See Mi/iodiodcs, No. 140.
M. 6-ryth-ra-cer'-cQs. Gr. ipv9p6s, reddish, and KtpKos, tail.
Not in the Check List, orig. ed. Since discovered in Texas by G. B. Sennett. The
proper name of tlie species is much in question. The bird is the M- crinitus eri/throrerciis
of Coues Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, no. 2, p. ."52, and v, no. M, p. 402; the ^f. rri/lh-
roctrcKS var. coojicri oi Kidgway, Pr. Nat. Mus., i, p. 1IJ8; and the .1/. mcxicanus of Ridg.,
I'r. Nat. Mus., ii, p. 14.
M. cln-6r-es'-cens. Lat. present participle of an inceptive verb cincrcsco, I grow ashy ;
in the sense of being somewhat ashy; clitcrciis, ashy, from cinis, ash. N. B. — The
name has always been written cinerascciis, for which we find no authority; while there
is actually a verb cinrresco : we therefore emend as above.
M. law-rCn'-cI-i. To George Nowbold Lawrence, of New York.
Say-I-or'-nl3 say'-i. " Sni/nniis" is a violent combination of the name of Mr. Thomas
Say, of I'hiladelphia, with the Greek word for bird, Spvis. It may be somewhat improved
as above, when the combination of vowels becomes no more uniis\ial than is seen in
mi/>o-fil(icl(S, iiiijia-rrhiiK, &c. In equally loose style, Bonaparte made the specific name
saijiis, — a direct Latinization of the same person's name ; but it must either be put in
■ I
■i n!' 3*
70
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
378. Sayiornis nigricans (Sw.) Bp. b i34. c 26i. R317.
Black Pewit Flycatcher.
379. Sayiornis fusca (Gni.) Bd. B 135. c 252. ii 315.
Pewit Flycatcher; Phocbe-bird.
380. Contopus borealis (8w.) Bd. b 137. c 253. r 3X8.
01ive>si<Icd Pewee Flycatcher.
381. Contopus psrtinax Cab. b — . c 254. k sio.
Coues's Pewee Flycatcher.
382. Contopus virens (L.) Cab. b ir.o. c 2r>:y. R 320.
Pewee Flycatcher; Wood Pewee.
383. Contopus virens richardsoni (Sw.) Coues. b 138. c 2550. R 321.
Western Pewee Flycatcher.
384. Empidonax acadicus (Gm.) Bd. B 143. c 25G. R 324.
Acadian Flycatcher.
385. Empidonax trailli (Aud.) Bd. B 140. c 257. R 325a.
Traill's Flycatcher.
386. Empidonax trailli pusillus (Bd.) Coues. b 141. c 257o. R 325.
Little Western Flycatcher.
the genitive, saiji or saii, or in adjectival form, snymm or sninna ; it ni\ist in tlie latter
case be feminine to agree with sayionus. Tiie above emendation of botii gen. • and
specific names is respectfully submitted. (See Coues, Bull. Xutt. Club, v, 1880, p. 99.)
378. S. nig'-rl-cans. Present participle of H///nV(>, 1 am lilaekisli ; nyec, black.
379. S. fus'-ca. Lat. /hscks, dark, dusky, swarthy. See Pijiilo, No. ."06.
380. C6n'-t6-pus b6r-6-a'-lIs. Gr. kovtos, in some sense unknown to us, and ttoi/j, foot. — Lat.
burcdiis, northern ; boreas, tile northwind. — " I'ewee," like " pewit," is an onomatopocon.
N. B. — Many words ending in -opiis, from the Gr. iroDj and a connecting vowel o, are
hiibitually accented on the lengthened penult, and the last syllable is nuide short. But
as -pus here stands for Gr. irovs, kiuI the connecting vowel is invariably short, we should
throw the accent back to the antepenult, and dwell on the last syllable. Thus, not
Coiitu'-jtus, Ila'mat6'-)iU!i, PlutUiro'-]nts, but CoiiI'dpus, llivmu'lO-pua, Pli(il(v'i'!-jius.
381. C. per'-tl-nax. Lat. /vr/Z/inT, pertinacious, holding fast on to ; from /jic and Jtv/iij-, tenacious,
from tenco, I hold ; this species closely resembling C. Ijomilis.
382. C. vir'-ens. See Dmdinca rirens, No. 112.
383. C. V. rlch'-ard-s5n-i. To Dr. John Richardson, an author of the Fauna Boreali-
Americana, &c.
3":''' Em-pld-5'-nax 5-c5d'-I-cQs. Gr. ^juir/i, genitive f/if'Soi, a small kind of insect, gnat ; and
Siva^ or &va^, king. — AcikUcus, Latinized adjective for Acadian ; from Acadia or Acadie.
N. B. — This species has never been found, and probably does not occur, in the region
formerly called Aaulia ; the name is therefore geographically false. The name " Aca-
dian Flycatcher," whence Musrlrapn annllcd Gm., no doubt actually refers to Traill's or
the Least Flycatcher, the proper name of the present species being i)r()bably /■Empidonax
subviridis (Bartr.) Coues. Lat. suhviridis, somewhat green, greenish.
385. E. trail'-li. To Thomas .Stewart Traill, a Scottish naturalist. He was professor of medi-
cal jurisprudence in the University of Edinburgh, and editor of one of the later editions
of the " F.ncyclopa'dia Britannica."
386. E. t. pQ-sil'.ms. See Sitta, No. 00.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
71
387. Empidonax minimus Bd. b 142. c 258. r 326.
Least Flycatcher.
388. Empidonax flaviventris Bd. b 144. c 259. r 322.
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
389. Empidonax flaviventris difficilis Bd. b i44a. c — . r 323. (?)
Western Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
390. Empidonax hammondi (Xant.) Bd. B 145. c 200. R 327.
Ilaminond's Flycatcher.
391. Empidonax obscurus (Sw.) Bd. b 140. c 261. R 328.
Wright's Flycatcher.
392. Mitrephorus fulvifrons pallesoens Coues. B — . c 262. R 329a.
BufT-breasted Flycatcher.
393. Ornithium imberbe Scl. B — . c — . R33i.
Beardless Flycatcher.
394. Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (Scl,) Cones, B 147. c 203, R 330.
Mexican Vermilion Flycatcher.
395. Nyctidromus albicollis (Gm.) Biirm. B — . c — . R 350.
Pauraque,
I
387. E, mln'-I-miSs, Lat. minimus, least, smallest, superlative degree of parvus, little.
388. E. fla-vl-ven'-trls. Lat. ./7(ici/s, yellow; ivn/nV, pertaining to the belly, render, belly ; prob-
ably digammated from Gr. ivrtpov, the entrails.
339. E, f. dif-fl'-cl-lls. Lat. difficilis, difficult, not facile ; dis-facilis, not easily do-able ; facio, I
do; like wjilis, active, or utilis, useful, from wjo and utor. It is applied to the bird
as the French would call a person difficile, that is, hard to get at, manage, understand,
impracticable; the subspecies not being readily distinguished from E.Jlaciventris.
390. E. h5m'-m6nd-i. To Dr. W. A. Ilanunond, sometime Surgeon General, U. S. Army.
391. E. ob-scu'-rfls. See .Uo/o/Zoha-, Xo. ,'>14. — To C, Wright, the discoverer. Swainson's bird
is very uncertain, and our species might be called E. wrighti.
392. Mi-tre'-ph6r-fls fijl'-vl-frons pal-lSs'-cSns. Gr. nirpa. or ^irpr). a mitre or other head-
dress, and <pop6s, bearing, from (pipa, same as Lat. fuo, I bear. We believe either
viitrcpliorits or mitropJtnnis to be admissible; the former has ciirreticv, tliough tlie latter
maybe preferable. — Lat. fulrus, yellowish, fulvous, iwil fnws, foreliead. — Lat. patlcs-
ceris, somewhat pale, from jKillisrn, I grow pale ; jhiIIio, of same meaning. The allusion
is to tlie pale coloration in comparison with tlie stock-form /((/r/'/iwi.s-. [See Index, p. 1.'37.]
393. Or-nith'-I-Qm im-ber'-b6. Gr. oppldiav, a little bird ; diminutive of ipvn, a bird. — Lat.
imlicrhc, beardless, from in, negation, and Inilui, beard. The genus is commonly written
Ornilhion, but it is customary to change -ov of the Greek into -um in Latin.
Not in the orig, eil. ; since discovered in Te.xas by G. B. Sennett. Sec Coues, The
Country, i, p. 184, July 13, 1878.
394. Py-rO-c6ph'-5-lQs rflb-Tn'-6-tSs mex-T-c5'-nfls. Gr. irvp, genitive itvp6s, fire, Ki<t>a\Ti,
head. — Lat. ndiiiinis (not classic), equivalent to rubeiis, ruby-colored, rose-red.
395. Nyc-tl'-drfi-mt5s al-bl-cSl'-lIs. Gr. vi^, genitive i/iKcrrfs, night, and Sp6u.o!. act of running:
in iilhision to the nocturnal activity of the bird. See Ammodntmus, Xo. SoB. — Lat. nlbiis,
white, and collis, neck.
Xot in the orig, ed. ; since discovered in Texas by G. B. Sennett, and J. C. Merrill.
i JHK P
l5f
72
Ci/^CiiL LIST OF NOBTH AMEBIC AN BIRDS.
393. Antrostomtis carolinensis (Gm.) Gould, b iii. c 264. R 353.
Chuck>TviirB-Tvidow.
307. Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.) Bp. b 112. c 205. r 354.
Wbip-poor-will. [See Addenda, No. 881.
398. Phalaenoptilus nuttalli (And.) Ridg. B ii3. c 200. R 355.
Xuttall's Whip-poor-will.
399. Chordediles popetue (V.) Bd. b 114. c 207. R 357.
Night-hawk.
400. Chordediles popetue henryi (Cass.) All. B 115. r 207a. r 357a.
Western Night-hawk.
401. Chordediles popetue minor (Cab.) Ridg. b — . c — . r 3576. (!w.i.)
Cuban Night-hawk.
402. Chordediles acutipennis texensis (Lawr.) Ridg. b 116. c 208. r 358.
Texan Night-hawk.
396. An-tro'-st8-mus c5-r6-Iln-Sn'-sIs. Gr. Avrpov, Lat. antrum, a cave, errona, mouth ; in
allusion to tiio cavernous capacity of this lisslrost. — The curious Eufjlisii name, like
" whip-poor-will," is an onomatopocon, hcing an attempt to express the bird's cry in
words.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
A. v5-cT'-f8r-iis. Lat. vociferus, vociferous, clamorous, from tur, genitive, voc!s, voice, and
/(TO, 1 bear; vox is said to be digammated from Gr. &}fi.
Ph51-ae-n5p'-tll-us niSt-t51-li. Gr. (pa.\aiva, a moth, and irriKov, plumage ; in allusion to
the peculiar velvety plumage, like the furriness of a moth's wing. — To Tlionias Nuttall.
This is given as Antrostomus mittnlli in the orig. ed. Tlie genus has since been estab-
lished by Eidgw.iy, Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 5.
Ch5r-de-di'-les popetue. Gr. x°P^'^< * chord, a stringed instrument, and Sc/Atj, con-
tracted from t(U\o%, root ttXw, tiie evening, here apparently meaning to close in, as
evening does. Tlic allusion is to the crepuscular habits of the bird, its curious notes
being oftenest heard at evening. Swainsnn originally wrote r.hordeiles, — an inadmissible
contraction, and further erroneous in retaining Gr. ci instead of changing to long Lat. i'.
The word has sometimes been written chonliles. Cabanis properly emends as above.
Swainson was very negligent in these matters : for instance, he made a genus aipunemin,
the proper form of which is (vpi/cnemis. — Tiie word jioprtue is barbarous, of meaning
and pronunciation alike unknown to us. We have heard it as three and as four sylla-
bles, accented in each case on the antepenult.
This stands as Chordeiles virginlanus in the orig. ed.
C. p. h6n'.ry-T. To Dr. T. Charlton Henry, who collected and observed in the West.
C. p. mln'-6r. Lat. minor, minor, less, smaller, this form holding such relation to the stock
species.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. Stated to have occurred in Florida. See
Ridg., Pr. Nat. Mus , iii, 1880, p. 219.
C. S-cii-tl-p5n'-nIs tSx-Bn'-sIs. Lat. acutus, acute, sharp, pointed, and ppnnn, wing or
feather, in allusion to tiic long wings. — Tc.rrnsis, adjective formed from Texas. Texas
is properly a plural noun, singular Texa, meaning the Texas ; as we should say now, the
Texans, a race of tlie Caddos. Tachies and Taxus are also found.
This stands as C. texensis of the orig. ed.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBICAN BIRDS.
73
403. Panyptila saxatilis (Woodh.) Coucs. b 107. c 209. R 349.
White-throated Rock Swift.
404. NephcEcetes niger borealis (Kenn.) Coucs. B 108. c 270. R 350.
Black Rock Swift.
405. Chaetura pelasgica (L.) Steph. b 109. c 271. R 351.
Chimney Swift.
406. Chaetura vauxi (Towns.) Do Kay. B no. C 272. R 352.
Vaux^a Cliimney Swift.
407. Basilinna xantusi (Lawr.) Elliot. B — . c 273. R 34T.
Xantus Humming-bird.
408. Eugenes fulgens (Sw.) Gld. b — . c 2746w. r 334.
Refulgent Humming-bird.
409. Trochilus colubris L. B 101. c 275. R 335.
Ruby-throated Humming-bird.
f'Ua-
itock
See
or
'exas
!, the
403. P5n-yp'-tl-15 sax-at'-l-lls. Gr. irdvu, much, very, from ttSj, irSo-o, irau, all, and vrlXou, wing:
in allusion to tlie great length of this member. — Lat. saxatilis, roek-inliabiting : saxuni,
a rock.
404. N6ph-o5'-c6-tes nlg'-6r bSr-e-a'-lIs. Gr. pt<pos, a cloud, and oUfrris, an inhabitant ; well
applied to this bird of great wing and high flight. See Poiccttes, No. 202. — Lat. niijer,
black. — Lat. horcalis, nortliern.
405. ChaS-tu'-rS pSl-as'-gl-cS. Gr. xo^t^. a stiff hair, a bristle, and olpa, tail, in allusion to the
spines wliicli jjrojoct from the ends of tlie tail-fcatliers.
Tlie specific word was written pehnjlca by Linna;us in 1758, and pehsi/ia by liim in
1700. Tiie word has occasioned niucli conjecture as to its orthography, derivation, and
applicability. We cannot suppose it to be peliii/ird, pelagic, relating to the high seas, like
marine. It is ai)parently one of Linnaeus's whims of nomenclature, by which he likened
this migratory species to a Pelasgian, one of tlie nomadic tribes of Greece, the Pclasrji,
ntKaffyoi Tliere is indeed a geograpliical name iiilasi/in, but such would hardly bo used
in this forpi, and would be geographically false, moreover. E.xcluding iK-lasi/ia or prhif/ica
as out of the question, and supposing the allusion to be to the nomadic Pil<is(]i, we con-
clude that the proper form of tlie word is as above given, ptlus(jica, the adjective
meaning Pelasgian, i". c, in a tropical sense, nomadic, migratory.
408. C. vaux'-i. To William S. V.iux, of Philadelphia.
407, Bas-Il-in'-na x5n'-tus-i. Gr. ffaaiKivva, a queen, feminine form of ffatriKtis, a king. To
Louis John Xantus de Vcsty, wlio later called himself .lolin Xantus, an energetic and
successful collector in South-western United States, and .Mexico. We suppose the name
originally meant yellow, ^avdSt, xiinlhiis, and in fact it is written xdiilhusi sometimes.
This is given as l/ellojitvilird xanlusi m tiie orig. ed. of the Check List.
403. Eu'-g6n-5s fiil'-gens. Gr. tiytviis, well-born ; from eS, well, and y^vos, birth ; ylyvo/iat, I
am born. — Lat. /uh/piis, glittering, refulgent, from /)////ro, I shine, flash, gleam, glitter.
Not in the orig. ed. : since discovered in Arizona by IL W. Ilenshaw.
409, TrBch'-I-lQs c61'-iS-brIs. Gr. rpSxi^os or Tpoxl^oI, Lat. trochilus, a kind of bird ; from
Tpoxo'r, a runner. The bird originally so called by Herodotus was an Egyptian species
of plover, of the genus yE(jialitis, which was so named from its habit of coursing the
banks of streams. The name was also applied by the ancients to some small bird,
species uncertain, perhaps a warbler, wren, or kinglet. Very curiously, the name was
afterward transferred to the American humming-birds, becoming fixed in modern nomen-
,. y.
74
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
410. Trochilus alexandri Bourc. and Muls. b 102. c 276. r 33c.
Alexander Humming-bird.
411. Selasphorus rufus (Gin.) Sw. b 103. c 277. R 340.
Rufous Humming-bird.
412. Selasphorus alleni Ilensh. b — . c — . r 341.
Ailen Humming-bird.
413. Selasphorus platycercus (Sw.) Gld. B 104. c 278. R 339.
Broad-ttilied Humming-bird.
414. Calypte annse (Loss.) Gld. B 105. c 279. R 338.
Anna Humming-bird.
415. Calypte costae (Bourc.) Gld. B loo. c 280. R 337.
Costa Humming-bird.
416. Atthis heloisae (Less, and Dc Lat.) Reich. B — . c 281. R 342.
Heioise Humming-bird.
417. Stellula calliope Gld. b — . ' 82. r 343.
Caiiiope Humming-bird.
418. Calothorax lucifer (Sw.) Gra}-. B — . c — . R 349.
Lucifer Humming-bird.
fi ^
claturc as a genus in that family in consequence of sucli usage on the part of Linnaeus.
— Tiic name coliibris might be an adjective formed from roluticr, a snake, in allusion to
the scales on the hummer's throat; but this is unlikely. There are old treatises on birds
in which the terms colibri, knlihri, colibrij occur, and the word is doubtless barbarous.
410. T. 5-16x-an'-dri. To Alexandre.
411. S6-las'-ph6r-vis ru'-ffls. Gr. athas, atKaos, light, and <pop6s, bearing, tpfpa, 1 boar ; eupho-
niously compounded, at the expense of strict propriety. — Lat. rii/us, rufous, reddish.
412. S. ai'-16n-i. To C. A. Allen, of Nicasio, California.
Not in the orig. cd. ; since distinguished from S. rufus by Mr. llcnshaw : see Bull.
Nutt. Club, ii, 1877, p. 64.
413. S. plSt-y-cEr'-ciSs. Gr. itAotuj, broad, wide ; K«'p«oj, tail.
414. C. an'-nae. Dedicated to the Duchess of Kivoli.
This is Se!<is])horus aniia in the orig. ed.
415. C5-lyp'-t5 c5s'-tae. Gr. KaAuwr^, a jiroper name; KaKvirru, I conceal. — To Costa.
This is Sel(tsj)horus coslw in the orig. ed.
416. At'-thls h81-6-i'-sae. Gr. 'AtOi'j, Attic, .Mlicnian ; probably in allusion to some peculiar
charm of the bird. Attic was ne plus ullru Greek, as Parisian is par crccllence French.
This is Selasphorus hclolsa; of the orig. ed.
417. Stsr-lQ-15 cal-ir-6-pe. Lat. sUllula, a little star, diminutive of stplln, a star. — Gr. KoA-
Airfirjj, Calliope, one of the Muses ; KaAds, feminine koAA^, beautiful, &c., and 6\\i, voice.
The application of the word to a voiceless bird is not obvious, unless it be simply
dedicatory.
418. Cal-8-th5'-rax ItS'-cT-fCr. Gr. Ka\6s, beautiful, and 0wpo{, thorax, chest. — Lat. Lucifer,
Lucifer, the light-bearer, from lux, lucis, light, and /fro, I bear. Both words note the
glittering plumage.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since discovered in Arizona by II. W. Ilenshaw ; and first
announced from that locality under the erroneous name of " Dorirha euicura," in Am.
Sportani., v, p. 328, Feb. 20, 187S. See Lawr., Bull. Nutt. Club, ii, 1877, p. 108.
ti ■
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
76
410. Amazilia fascocaudata (Fras.) Elliot, b. — . c — . r 346.
Dusky-talled Ilummlng-blrd.
420. Amazilia cerviniventris Gld. b — . c — . R 346.
BufT-bollled Ilumnilng-bird.
421. lache latirostris (Sw.) Elliot, b — . c — . r 348.
Circe Ilumming-blrd.
422. Trogon ambiguus Gld. B g5. c 284. R 384. (!M)
Copper-tailed Trogon.
423. Ceryle alcyon (L.) Boio. b 117. c 286. R 382.
Belted Kingflslier.
424. Ceryle americana cabanisi (Reich.) Coues. b 118. c 287. R 383.
Texas Kingflslier.
425. Crotophaga ani L. b 66, 67. c 288. R 389.
Biacli Ani.
419. Am-5-zTr-I-5 fus-c8-caQd-a'-t5. The word awnjiVi'd is apparently Latinized from Lesson's
word umazill, used in tlio plural form ainazilis for a group of hunnners. We do not know
what it mcaii3. — Lai. fuscus, dark, and aindnla, tailed; cauJa, tail.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since discovered in Texas by J. C. Merrill. This has been
called Piirrhophivna rirj/hri in papers relating to the Texas specimens. Sec Merrill, Bull.
Nutt. Club, i, 1870, p. 88, and Kidg., Pr. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, p. 147.
420. A. c5r-vi-nl-ven'-trls. Lat. cervlnus, relating to a deer, cervus ; and ventris, pertaining to
the belly, renter. The allusion is to theyafrn-colored under parts.
Not in the orig. cd. ; since discovered in Texas by J. C. Merrill. See Bull. Nutt.
Club, ii, 1877, p. 20, and Pr. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, p. 148.
421. I'-a-chS la-tl-r5s'-trls. Gr. lax^, a battle-cry ; also a proper name, whence derived. — Lat.
latirostris, broad-billed ; Intiis, wide, like Gr. itXotuj, of same meaning; and rostrum, beak.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List; since discovered in Arizona by 11. W.
Ilenshaw. See Anier. Sportsm., Feb. 20, 1875.
422. Tro'-gon am-bl'-gQ-iSs. Gr. rpiiyuv, a gnawer, rodent, from rpiiyu, I gnaw, eat away,
corrode ; from the stout, dentate bill ; see Tro'jlodijtcs, No. 74. The word was applied by
Moehring in 1752 to the Brazilian Trogon, called curncni by the natives, and made generic
by Brisson in 1700. — Lat. «hi^/(/»»,s, ambiguous, equivocal, of more than one meaning,
in a double sense; hence, doubtful, uncertain; from amho, both, on two sides, and ayo,
to act or do. Ambiguity is literally a double-dealing, " with double sense deluiling; "
compare Fr. do-.-hle entnidre, and such homely expressions as " back and fill," " blow hot
and cold," "on the fence," " hedge" (to bet on both sides). It was badly applied to this
line species when considered doubtfully distinct from T. vKxicmms.
Tliis stands as T. nwricaniis in the orig. ed. For its actual occurrence in Texas, sec
Pr. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, p. 118.
423. Ce'-rj^-le aV-cy-on. Gr. K'fipvXos, a kingfisher. — Gr. a^Kvtiv, Lat. h(dci/(m or (dryon, a
kingflslier. 'AAkuJvt; or Alcyone was a mythical character, daughter of ^Eolus, fiibled to
have been transformed into a kingfisher when, out of love for her shipwrecked husband
Ceyx, she threw herself into the sea. The kingfisher was also believed to nest on the
water, at a time the waves were stilled ; hence the term " halcyon days."
424. C. 5m-6r-I-ca'-na c5b-an'-Is-i. To Dr. .lean Cabanis, long time one of the leaders of
German ornithology, and editor of the Journal fiir Ornithologie.
425. Crd-to'-pha-gl a'-nL Gr. Kporiii', a bug, tick, plant-louse ; and <^o-yoi, f rom </)o70;uai, I cat.
't'\
! !
76
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
426. Crotophaga sulcirostris Sw. b — . c — . u 390.
Groove-billed Anl.
427. Geococcyx californianus (Less.) Bd. b C8. c 289. R 385.
Ground Cuckoo; Chaparral Cock; Road-runner.
428. Coccygus erythrophthalmus (Wils.) lid. b 70. c 290. r 388.
Black-billed Cuckoo.
429. Coccygus americanus (L.) Bp. b go. c 291. n 387.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
430. Coccygus seniculus (Lath.) V. B 71. C 292. R 380.
Mangrove Cuckoo.
431. Campephilus principalis (L.) Gr. b 72. c 293. r 369.
Ivory-billed Woodpecker,
432. Hylotomus pileatus (L.) Bd. b 90. c 294. r 371.
Pileated Woodpecker.
433. Picus borealis V. b so. c 29c. r 3C2.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
» )>
426. C. sul-cl-r8s'-trls. Lat. stilaia, a groove, furrow, clmnnol ; a word sibilated from Gr
oA/cdi, a trace, track, trail ; aiul rustris, pertaining to the beak, rostrum.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since discovered in Texas by G. B. Sennett. See Coues, Tiie
Country, i, July 13, 1878, p. 184.
427. Ge-a-c5c'-cyx cal-I-ffir-nl-an'-Qs. Gr. 7^ or yta, the earth, and kSkkv^, a cuckoo. 'J'iie
latter word is ononiatopuie, and runs in similar forms through many languages, the idea
being always to express the cuckoo's voice in a word: Lat. cuculus; Fr. coucou; Eng.
cuckoo, cuckow; Germ. .Jlufuf, &c. See Cocci/tjus, No. 428.
428. C8c'-cy-gtSs 6-ryth-roph-thal'-mfls. The generic name is modified from k6kkv^, a cuckoo.
Its orthography has given rise to much variance of opinion. It was originally written
by Vieillot cocri/zus ; such spelling has been accepted by Sclater and otiiers, and is per-
liaps defensible on the ground that there is a Greek verb kokkv^w, 1 make a noise like a
cuckoo, wlience a noun kokkv^os, becoming cocri/zus in Latin, might be formed. Bole
first emended Vieillot's name to cocci/fjiis, in wliicii he was followed by Cabanis and many
others. Other forms of the word found in ornithological writings are : coccijzoii, coccij-
gius, coccysiis, cocri/:ius, coccyijon. We adopt Bole's form coccyi/us, being directly from the
genitive of kokkv^, not wishing to unnecessarily interfere. — For enjlhroiihlhulmus, see
P//»7o, No. 301.
C. 5m-er-I-ca'-nfls. To America. See Parula, No. 9.3.
C. sCn-I'-cQ-lQs. Lat. seniculus, a little old man ; diminutive of scncx, an old man. The
allusion is probably to the gray on the head, a sign of senility.
Cam-pe'-phll-fls prin-cl-pa'-lls. Gr. ko/uttt;, a caterpillar, from its bending ; well-illus-
trated in the way a " measuring-worm " bends. The word primarily means a bending :
KO/uTTTrfs, bent ; Kanirru, I bend ; the same word is seen in ('amjti/lorlii/nclius, for example.
<t>(Kos, ipiKfu), I love. — liHt. jn-tnci/ialis, principal, chief, from the great size of tlie bird.
Hy-lfi'-t8-mfls pI-16-a'-tiSs. Gr. vKorofios, cutting wood, i. e., a woodcutter : S)\i}, wood,
and riixvfiv, to cut. — Lat. pileatus, capped, I.e., crested; from pllfus or pihum, a cap ;
related to pllns, a hair; the same root is seen in depilatori/, pile, as of velvet, &c.
Pi'-cQs b6r-€-a'-lIs. Lat. Picus, a mythical person, and also a woodpecker, because the
former, one of the victims of Circe, whose love he had scorned, was transformed into a
woodpecker. The etymology ot picus is doubtful ; the word is said by some to be prob-
42P.
430.
431.
432.
433.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
77
434. Picus scalaris Wagl. B 79. c 207. R 3C3.
Texas Woodpecker.
435. Picus scalaris nuttalli (Garab.) Coues. b 78. c 297o. R 3C4.
NuttalPs Woodpecker.
436. Picus scalaris lucasanus (Xant.) Coues. B — . c 2976. u 3C3a.
St. Lucas Woodpecker,
437. PicuL stricklandi Malh. b — . c — . r 3G5.
Strickland^s Woodpecker.
438. Picus villoSUS L. B 74. C 298. R SCO, 3G0a.
Iluiry Woodpecker.
439. Picus villosus harrisi (Aud.) All. b 75. c 298a. R soot.
Harrises Woodpecker.
440. Picus pubescens L. b 7C. c 299. r 3ci.
Downy Woodpecker.
441. Picus pubescens gairdneri (And.) Cones, b 77. c soon. r 3Gia.
Gttirdner's Woodpecker.
ably for ;»7i(s, from pingo, I paint, ami licncp to mean piijtm or piduit, painted, spotted ; if
so, it is well applied to the woodpecker, a bird of variei;ated colors, a much pied bird :
compare Pica, No. 847. Others hold, however, that picus is from tlie same root as the Gr.
iri'iTft) or iriiror, a little bird, a peeper, chirper ; just as Gr. I'lriroj or ixKoi and Lat. eipms
(which was formerly spelled very differently, and with c instead of q) are cognate.
This would make it an onomatopceon, like pipit, pipilo, tc. — Lat. Lunalis, northern ;
boicas, the north-wind.
Note. — According to Professor Newton (Ibis, 3d ser., vi, 1870, p. 94 8eq.),the type
of the Linnican genus Picus is P. iiKirtins. The same author adds, in a private note
addressed to Dr. Coues, that " the adjective in any other condjination loses its classical
allusion, which all naturalists, including Liimajus, until comparatively recent times,
recognized." It would also appear that our //. pilcatiis, No. 432, is congeneric with
P. martins. On these premises. No. 432 should stand as Picus pilealus, and some other
generic name be found for Nos. 43;M41. It is regretted, that, as the untoward eircuni-
stances (tent-life in unbookish Arizona) under which these proof-sheets are being cor-
rected do not permit us to follow up the matter at present, we are obliged to let the
current nomenclature pass with this explanafiim.
434. P. sca-la'-r!s. Lat. scalaris, ladder-like; scala, a flight of stairs, a ladder, scale, shortened
from scaud/a, from scando, I climb. The idea in Wagler's mind may have been I lie
climbing or scaling of trees by the bird ; more likely the bars on the back, resembling
the rounds of a ladder.
435. P. s. nflt'-tai-li. To Thomas Nuttall. —Perhaps entirely distinct from No. 434.
436. P. s. lQ-c5s-a'-nus. To Cape St. Lucas, S. Cala., where discovered.
437. P. strlck'-land-L To Hugh E. Strickland, 'he eminent Knglish ornithologist. "
Not in the orig. ed. Since discovered in Arizona by II. VV. Henshaw. See Anier.
Sportsm., v, p. .'528, Feb. 20, 1875.
, vil-lo'-siSs. Lat. villosus, shaggy, hairy, villous ; from villus, a hair, tuft of hair.
438,
439,
440
P. V. hSr'-rls-i. To Edward Harris, companion and friend of Audubon.
P. pu-be'-scens. Lat. puliesccns, present participle oi pul'csco, I come to puberty, i.e., the
time when the hair grows on the genitals; pubcs, the parts on which such hair grows;
hence, puhrsccnt, hairy, downy.
441. P. p. gaird'-n6r-i. To Dr. Gairdncr, a Scottish naturalist.
n
1
}• • .i
78 CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
442. Xenopicus albolarvatus (Cass.) Rd. n 8i. o 205. u ace.
W'liitc-lieadod >Voo(lpockor.
443. Picoides arcticus (Sw.) rJrivy. n 82. c 300. u 307.
niack-backol Throe-toed Woodpecker.
444. Picoides americanus IJrolun. B s.t. c; aoi. u 308.
liniideiUbaeked Thrcc-tood Woodpecker.
445. Picoiiles americanus dorsalis (Ud.) Allen. B 84. c 30ia. n SGSa.
8triped-bucked Thrco-tocd Woodpecker.
446. Sphyropicus varius (L.) Bd. B 85. c 302. 11 309.
Yellow-bellied Wooil pecker.
447. Sphyropicus varius nuchalis Bd. b so. c 302a. u .uwd.
Nuchal Woodpecker.
448. Sphyropicus varius ruber (Gm.) llidg. b 87. r 3026, or 303. r 3C96.
Ued-breastod Woodpecker.
449. Sphyropicus thyro'ides (Cass.) Bd. B 88, 89. c 304, 305. R 370.
Brown-headed Woodpecker.
442. Xen-a-pi'-cQs 31-b5-lar-va'-tiS3. Gr. {tVoj, a Ruost, straiiRor ; {«Voj, rare, foreiKii.&f. — I.:it.
(iHiohirviiliis, wliito-miiski'tl ; albits, wliito, and larra, a mask. 'I'lio same word is usod for
insiM.-ts ill tJH'ir early stage, wlicn tlic characters of tlie inuijo, or perfect insect, are
masked or hidden in tiic caterpilhir.
Given as Picus a. in the orig. cd. For generic cliaracters, see Ridgw., Pr. Nat. M us.,
ii, 1880, p. 0.
443. Pi-cO-i'-d5s arc'-tl-cfls. Lat. piais, a woodpecker, and Gr. e75oj, resoniblanco. Tlie word
is one of the numerous bastards in the genera of Picidiv, wliicli autliors seem l)ent on
producing; tliero is no sucli word as Pirug in Greek, yet tliey have constantly com-
pounded it with Greek adjectives. The tt becomes h)ng i; tlie o is the connecting
vowel ; tlic word should have the diajresis over the /, and bo pronounced in four sylla-
bles, with accent on the penult. All such hybrid words arc so far wrong as to bo past
praying for, and scarcely worth the trouble of trying to twist into some decent shape.
444. P. am-6r-I-ca'-nus. To America. See Panda, No. !)3.
4-43. P. a. dor-sa'-lls. Lat. dorsalis, pertaining to dorsum, the back.
446. Sphy-r6-pi'-ci5s var'-I-us. Gr. aipvpov, a hammer, and Lat. piais. It was originally written
splii/rapiciis by Baird ; but the connecting vowel should be o in this case. It is usually
accented on the antepenult, with shortening of the i in pirns, for which we sec no reason,
beyond our extreme tendency to throw the accent always backward. The word is a
hopeless hybrid, even when emended as above; sp/tijri)ropiis {(t<Pvpok6ttos) would have
been classic for a hammei r. — Lat. varius, various, varied, variegated ; referring to the
coloration in this case.
447. S. V. nu-cha-lis. Quasi-Lat. nuchalis, relating to the nape, nucha, which is red in this bird,
not in S. varius. See Leucosticte, No. 205.
448. S. V. rfib'-6r. Lat. ruher, red.
This stands as S. ruher in the body of the orig. ed. of the Chock List: as above in the
appendix.
449. S. thj^-ro-i'-d5s. Gr. BvpfoeiS'fis, resembling a certain kind of shield ; in allusion to the
shield-shaped black spot on the breast ; Ovpds, a shield, tlSos, resemblance. The fuller
form of the word would be Ifiijrroldis, in five syllables. It has always been wrongly
written thyroidms. See especially Picoides, No. 443.
Note. — 6'. williamsoni, No. 305 of the orig. cd., is the male of the same speclea
,ll
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN JHUDS,
79
the
the
[ik-r
450. Centunis carollnus (L.) Bp. b 9i. c 30o. r 372.
Itod-bclllcd Woodperknr.
451. Centurus auriflrons VVagl. n 92. c 307. 11 373.
Yellow>frontotl M'ootlpcckor.
452. Centurus uropygialis Ikl. n 93. c 308. u 374.
Cilia Woodpecker.
453. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (L.) Sw. u 94. c 309. 11 375.
Rod-headed Woodpecker.
454. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Ridg. u 95. c 310. 11 ;i77.
Callfornlun Woodpecker.
455. Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons Bd. b — . c 3i0a. r 377a.
Narrow-fronted Woodpecker.
456. Asyndesmus torquatus (Wils.) Coucs. B 96. c 311. r 37G.
Lewis's Woodpecker.
457. Colaptes auratus (L.) Sw. n 07. c 312. r 378.
Oolden-wlnged Woodpecker; Flicker.
458. Colaptes chrysoides Malh. B 99. c 313. R 379.
Oildod Woodpecker.
450. C8n-tQ'-rQs cS-r6-li'-niSs. Gr. Ktvrpou, a point, prieklc, and oZpa, tail ; splnc-tailcd. Tlie
full form would appear to be Ccntniriis (like Cvutrocemts, for example), but there is a way
of getting CciitiiriiH from Kfvrri- ; KfVTiai is the verb to priek, goad, &e. — Vurvliitiis is badly
syneopated from caruliiildims ; cuiulimiisis would have been better still.
451. C. aflr'-I-frons. Lat. n»r(/;oM,s-, golden-forehead ; fi«n(/n, gold (yellow), an<iy/0H,s, forehead.
452. C. O-rd-py-gl-a'-lIs. There is a very late Latin word uropifjium, the rinnp, from which
the above is ikTived as an adjeetive. But this is merely a modern Latinizing of the good
Gr. oxipoTfiytov or opfioiriytov, the rump ; from o5po, tail, and iruyi], the butfoeks. The
allusion in this ease is to the conspicuously white rump of the bird, which a Greek would
have ealk'd itiyapyoi [jii/r/aqiKs).
453. Mei-Sn-Er'-pSs e-ryth-r6-c6ph'-a-lfls. Gr. ju/Aar, genitive nixavos, black, and fpitr\i, a
creeper ; cpiroi, I creep, crawl. See Callwrpes, No. CO. Tlie full form would be mclamh
herjies. — Gr. ipvOp6s, red, and (f«</>oA^, head.
454. M. for-mi-cI'-v6r-tSs baird'-i. Lat. formica, an ant, and voro, I devour, in allusion to a
habit of the species. — To I'rof. Spencer FuUerton Baird. See Ridg., Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., No. 21, 1881, p. 85. Given in the orig. ed. as M./oymiclvorus.
455. M. f. an-giis'-tl-frons. Lat. aniiustus, narrow, straitened, from nii;io, I press npon, draw
together, &c. ; (ir. Hyx^i 1 squeeze, strangle, distress, &c. ; the same root and idia is seen
in aii.rious, anricly, iScc. ; Jrmis, forehead. The allusion is to the narrowness of the yellow
frontal band.
456. X-syn-des'-mOs tSr-qua'-tOs. Gr. i privative, triv, together, witli, S(ffij.6s, a bond ; in allu-
sion to the loosened texture of the feathers of tlie under parts. — Lat. tm-qmitHS, collared ;
ior(jijis, a, necklace, collar ; tonfiim, I twist, twine around; tortus, twisted, dis^or<ed, eon-
tcirl'um ; so also torture, as of one wrenched or racked. The allusion is to the ashy collar
on the neck of the bird. — The Kiiglish name is that of Mcrriwether Lewis, the explorer
in company with Clark (Clark's Crow, Picicorvus).
457. C61-ap'-tes aur-a'-tus. Gr. KoKairr'fis, a chisel, hammer ; KoKdirru, I use such an instru-
ment ; very appropriate to a woodpecker. — Lat. auratus, gilded, golden (colored) ; aurum,
gold ; also very apt to this bird.
458. C. chry-sfi-i'-des. Gr. xP'^<f*os, xp*"^"*'!, golden, of the color of gold, xP""''^*; tlSos,
resemblance.
m
III
'IF' !
80
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
459. Colaptes mexicanus Sw. b 98. c 3i4. ~ 378a.
Re(l-shafte<l Woodpecker.
460. Conurus carolinensis (L,) Kuhl. b C3. c 315. r 392.
Carolina Parrot; Paroquet.
461. Aluco flammeus pratincola (Bp.) Coucs. b 47. c 3ic. R 394.
American Barn Owi.
462. Bubo virginianus (Gni.) Bp. B 48. c 317. R 405.
Great Horned Owl.
463. Bubo virginianus arcticus (Sw.) Cass. B — . c 3i7a. r 405a, 4056.
Arctic Horned Owl.
464. Bubo virginianus pacificus Cass. B — . c 3176. 11 405c.
Paciflc Horned Owl.
459.
460.
461.
46£
4G3.
464.
C. mex-I-ca'nfls. To Mexico.
C5-nu-rQs c5-r6-lIn-€n'-sTs. Or. uSiuos, Lat. conns, a cone, pine-cone, wlienco our word
for a figure of tliat kind ; oZpa, tiiil ; in allusion to flic wcdfrcd or cuiu'ato tail.
Note. — The noniiMiclaturo of our owls, Nos. 401-4^iy, must bo considered still
unsettled in sevcriil instances, though we have endiavoreil to ai)i)roxiinate toward a
fi.\ed terminology in this diflieult group, where the species and subspecies are not readily
determined, and where authors have bandied about the generic and specific names so
indiscriminately as to produce great confusion. The names here jjrovisionally adopted
are in the main according to results reached by Mr, Uidgway, who has given special
attention to these birds.
Al-ii'-co flam'-mfi-fls prat-in'-c6-15. The meaning, of Aluco we do not know, further than
tliat it has long been used for some kind of owl ; perhaps related to f\(6s, wliich occurs
in Aristotle as the name of some owl, and is cnunierated by Hrisson among the syno-
nyms of the European barn owl. Numberless names of owls in very many languages
are doubtless nv e nearly related than their diverse orthography would show at first
sight, and mostly appear to be ononi.iiopa'ic, in iiuitntion of the hooting, howling cries
of these inauspicious birds of the night ; Kng. oirl, oirlil, IwirUt; A, S. iil, cul, iilc ; Dutch,
till; Dan. w/le ; Sw. »<j(jUi ; Germ, fiilf; Fr. luilntlr ; Ital. alorlio (compare aliico] ; Sansk.
tiliika, &c. — Jjai.Jliiiiimciis, flaming, fiery -red ; Jhimnut (flaij-imt), a ilame, l)laze ; t' xit
is seen in.//i»yrant,.//(i7itious, de/Zoyrati' ; ,//".'/'"i I "iH'i> uj), am indanied; and nuin^ ..n-
dred W(n'ds. The allusion, rather strong, is to \\w Jhuirnnt colors uf this species in com-
parison with most owls. — Lat. jmitliiroln, an inhabitant of fields; }tralitm, a meadow,
iiiculd, an inhabitant {in and colo, I cultivate).
This stands as Sirij-Jlanniica amrricnim in the orig. ed., and Ridgway has A.flnmmrn
americana; but jirnliiinila Bp. (18!J8) antedates (/Hif-nrKHfi And. (18!!!)); ami, on the giii-
cric nomenclature of owls, especially on the type of Slrix L., see Newton, Yarr. Br. B.,
4th od., i, p. 150, and Ibis, ;]d ser., vi, 1870, p. Oi.
BQ'-bo v!r-gln-T-a'-nQs. Lat. Imlm, the horned owl ; perhaps related to huhiiliis or hidmlii/i ;
Ikis, Gr. /3oCs, a bull, horned cattle; there is a similar Greek word Pvas, for a horned owl.
So, also, the verb Imho or biihalo, to low, hoot ; ihe w(^rd for the bittern, hiilor, liutminis
{Ims, laiirus), and otlierg, are relateil, all being onoinatopaMc, with reference to the low-
ing or bellowing of cattle. — Vln/iiiiiiiiiin, see Canliiiiilis, No. 2fl!).
B. V. arc'-tl-cfls. See Sialia, No. 2!).
B. V. p3-cI'-n-cQs. Lat. im-i/iri(s, pacific, peaceable, peace-making ; pax, i)cacc, faclo, I do,
make ; " the stilly sea." The reference is to the bnbitat of the bird.
We retair< the three forms of liiiho as given in the orig. ed. Mr. Ridgway, after dis-
missing Mr. Cassin's vat. i>u:(/kua, has four: B. v., and U. v. arcticus, as we have them;
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
81
465. Scops asio (L.) Bp. B 49. C 318. B 402.
Screech Owl; Mottled Owl; Red Owl.
466. Scops asio kennicotti (Elliot) Coues. B — . c 3i8o. r 402rf.
Kcnnicott's Screech Owl.
467. Scops asio maxwellae Ridg. B — . c — . R 402c.
Rocky Mountain Screech Owl.
468. Scops asio maccalli (Cass.) Coues. B so. c 3186. R 4026.
McCall's Screech Owl.
469. Scops asio floridanus Ridg. B — . c 3i8c. R 402a.
Florida Screech Owl.
470. Scops trichopsis Wag). B — . c — . R 403. (?)
Mexican Screech Owl.
471. Scops flammeolus (Licht.) Scl. B — . c 3i9. R 404.
Flainmulated Screecli Owl.
472. Asio wilsonianus (Less.) Coues. B 51. c 3io. R 395
Liong-eared Owl.
1
5 i
1?,
do,
witli n. r. toihdirticus, after IIoj', and /?. v. satHratHs,'R\dg., from the North-west coast,
tho latter buiiig var. jmrijirus of Hist. N. A. B., iii, p. Go.
465. Scops as'-I-o. Lat. smprs or sro/is. Or. iTKii\fi, a kind of owl. Iloro we liavo a name for
owl which regards the hird in an entirely different sense from tiiat implied in any of the
onomatopnMc names. The etymology is disputed. Some say from <TK<i-n-ra>, I moek,
seolT, deride, whieli would make sco/is tlie same as crK(iirTrjs,a mocker, mimic ; the actions
of an owl seeming to travesty the beholder. Others have it from crKoirtai, I look out,
survey, conteinpliite, the rout of this heing seen in sm/ic, telescope, &c. ; or from crKeirTOfiat,
I examine, scrutinize, am sirpiiail ahout any thing; the reference being to the groat
staring eyes of the liinl, or its air of contemplation. — I.at. <isii>, a horned owl ; occurring
in I'litiy ; apparently a word of Hebrew extraction, the significance of which is unknown
to us.
406. S. a. ken-nT-cflt'-ti. To liobert Kennicott, of Illinois, an ardent and able naturalist, who
i-adiy lost Ills life on the Vid<on Uiver, in Alaska, where the variety was procured.
467. S. a. max'-wCl-laS. To Mrs. .M. A. Maxwell, of Boulder, Colorado, the discoverer.
Not in the ovig. cd of the Check List ; since described. See Field and I'^orcst, June,
■ 1HT7. pp. 21 2i:!.
46S. S. a. mSc-car-; . To Cohmel (i. A. McCall, U. S. A , of Philadelphia, who studied
ornithology in Te.\as.
The .<. 11. iiiiiiiii. recently attributed to Texas by Coues and Seimett, has been idcnti-
fiid with this by liidgway.
460. S. a. flo-rl-da-nus. To Florida.
470. S. trich-6p -sl3. (!r. 0pi'|, giiiiiive rptxAt, hair, and fiiff, aspect, countenance ; ;'. 7., hairy-
faccil, bristly about the bill ! or general |)liiinage of that character?
Not in the orig. eil. of the Check List. H not the speeii's itself, then its identifica-
tion with any I'nited States specimens, would appear to be dubious. The name is
inxTtcd upon Mr. Uidgway's autliority.
471. S. fliim-me'-6-liSs. I.iit. //"'"mi '//h.s, diminutive of. //(immfii.'! ; see .,'l/i(ro, No. 'l(il.
472. As'-I-3 wll-s6n-l-a'-nfls. I'or i/.</i), see .'^'cd/).'!. No. 4(35. — Latinized iriViiOHiVoi ; to Alexander
W
' fathi
ler of American ornithology.
This staiuls as (Hns viili/n
/linn v:ir. irilsuiintniis in
Isu
the orig. ed , b\it is now regarded as
p
82
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
473. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.) Newt. B 52. c 32i. R 395.
Short-eared Owl.
474. Strix ciiierea Gm. b 53. c 322. R 399.
Great Gray Owl.
475. Strix cinerea lapponica (Rctz.) Cones. B — . c — . R 399a. (!a,)
Lapland Great Gray Owl.
476. Strix nebulosa Forst. b 54. c 323. R 397.
Barred Owl.
477. Strix nebulosa alleni Ridg. b — . c — . R 3970.
Flor la Burred OwL
478. Strix occidentalis (Xant.) Ridg. b — . c 324. r 398.
Western Barred Owl.
479. Nyctea scandiaca (L.) Newt, b 01. c 325. r 400.
Snowy OwL
" 'I
473. A. ac
474.
sufficiently disi^nct from tlie Eurnppan bird. — Tlio genus Otm is from tlie L.at. otus, Gr.
SiTOi or i)T6s, the carul owl; Gr. oii or &s, genitive iirii, an ear; from oSas, ii handle.
(See Bubo, No. 402, and compare ;3i5os and ^oCs) — The fjenus Aslo would appear to be
eligible for the group of long-eari'd owls conunonly eallod Otns of late years. — It is
quite likely that the most available speeific name for our bird is amcricninis (Sleph.), us
Ridgway has it.
ac-clp-lt-ri'-nijs. Lat. acciiutriniin, aceipitrine, hawklike; see Accipiter, Xo. 494.
Tills staiiils as IJi-dchi/otn.i imlitatris in the orig. ed. Hut both the eared owls may well
be put in one genus, and the name afcipitriints has priority over Imic/ii/otiis. This last
word is literal Greek for " shorf-earcd."
Strix cin-er'-e-a. Lat. stn'.r, stri/.r, or r,l,-i/nx, or Gr. a-rplyf. <^ screech-owl ; from strirlo, I
screeeli, utter shrill strident sounds of any kind ; Gr. (TTpd^ui ; sibilated from rpi^ai. The
same root is seen in the Knglish strident, stridnhiis. — Lat. citwrcus, ashy ; riuis, ashes. See
Hdrporlii/iirliiis, No. 22.
This stands as Sip-niiim Inpponiaim var. cincrnum in the orig. cd., by a blunder ; for the
latter nanie has priority over tlio former. The late rectifieations made by Newton in
the genera of owls cause Strix to be referrcil to tlie common Brown Owl of Lurope,
strictly congeneric with our Barred Owl. It the great (iray Owls be considered generi-
cally distinct, they may be called Scoti.vi'Tex. Mr. Kidgway uses the genus Uiida lor
this group, which he separates from Strix proper.
S. c. Iap-p6n'-l-ca. To Lapland.
This lOuropean conspecies of the great Gray Owl has lately been attributed to Nortli
America by Hidgway : see Bull. Nutt. Club, iii, 1878, p. 37 ; Alaska. Not in orig. ed.
47G. S. n6b-u-lo'-sa. Lat. mhilosus, nebtilous, misty, foggy, in the sense here of ilark clouded
Color; from the O. vetpe\r] (i/f'foj), a cloud. So, also, Lat. niilies, a cloud; iiidm, I
marry, nnfiilis, marriageable; the bride l)cing veiled {nnptu) for the nuptials.
This is Sip-niiim nelni'osuni of the orig. ed.
S. n. al'-len-i. To .1. A. Allen, of Cainhridge, Mass. See Pipilo, No. 002.
.Not in the orig. cd. ; since described. See Kidg., I'r. Nat. Mils., ii, 1880, p. 8.
S. oc-cl-den-ta'-lls. Lat. orrident<dis, occidental, western, where the sun sets ; oceldo, I
fall down (i)h and ntdo, not oee'ulo, I slay).
This is Sipiiiiini oeeidmtnle of the orig. ed.
Nyc'-t6-5 scan-dl-a'-ca. Gr. Nu/treus, Lat. Xi/eteiis, a proper name; as an adjective, noc-
turnal ; Lat. nor, (ir. vv^. night. There are very m!'.ny derivatives, of which \i/clid(i is
one. — Lat. A'auK/Zata, Skandinavian, relating to Scandia or Scandinavia.
475.
477.
478.
47D.
CHECK LIST OF NORTU AMERICAN BIRDS.
88
480. Sumia funerea (L.) Rich. & Sw. B C2. c 326. u 407.
American Hawk Owl.
481. Surnia funerea ulula (L.) Ridg. B — . c — . u 407. (?) (!a.)
Europcau Hawk Owl.
482. Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni (Bp.) Ridg. b 55. c 327. fi 400.
Iliehardson's Owl.
483. Nyctala acadica (Gm.) Bp. b so, 57. c 328. u 40i.
Acadian Owl; Saw-whet Owl.
484. Glaucidium gnoma Wagl. b co. c 329. R 409.
Pygmy Owl.
ill I
480. Sur'-nl-a fu-n5'-rT-5. Surnia and Si/nuum are forms of tlio same word, the nioaninpr n"d
derivation of which are alilve uiilcnown to us; we follow Newton in usiiij,' tlie former;
see Sund., Tent., p. 104. — Lat. fmicreiis, funereal ; from faiuis, a funeral, burial pro-
cession. Applieahle to an owl, either regarded as a bird of ill omen, or with refereneo lo
its dismal cry, as if wailini; the dead.
This stands Siirnid uluUi htiilsuiiica in the orig. cd. Names of owls are " confusion
worse confounded." Sec Hid};. Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 8.
481. S. f. fil-iSl-a. Lat. i(/i//«, a I'linian name of tlie screech-owl; »/(//c), Gr. oAoAufoi, I howl, hal-
loo, make a "huUaballoo"; all ononuitopa'ic. Compare also tlie Hebrew, ?;~, whence
lialttlii'jiiU.
Not in the orig. ed. The old world Hawk Owl, at best hardly distinguishable from
■' the American, is stilted to occur in Alaska as a straggler from Asia; mid all the Hawk
' Owls of Great IJrilain are said to be of the American variety. Tlie case itself is as
periile.xiiig as its nonieiiclature is involved.
t
482. Nyc'-ta-la teng'-mal-mi rlch'-ard-s6n-i. Gr. viJKTaAos or i/oa-raAos, drowsy, sleepy. See
Nijctta, No. -179, for basis of the word. — To P. G. Tengmalm, a Swedish naturalist. — To
Sir John liichardson, the I'higlish naturalist.
433. N. a-cad'-I-ca. To Acudia, or Acadie, a locale now in Maine, scene of Longfellow's
" Evangeline."
484. GlaQ-cId'-I-Qm gno'-ma. There is a Greek word yXavKihiov, but that is some kind of fish,
pot a bird. It is, however, related to yKav^, which means an owl. There is also an
adjective -yAauKtiSj/s, from 7Aai;{ and tZSos, from which (jhinvitliniii may be modified.
The allusion in all tiiese cases is to the i-i/rs of the bird; if not in color, then in the
general aspect and expression of these remarkable organs of vision. There being actu-
ally no owls with liluc eyes, as y\avK6s, i/lniicus, is commonly translated, the direct impli-
cation is probably to the owl as the bird of wisdom, sacred to Minerva, 7AauKai7rir being
one of the most faiiiiliar llDiiieric e])ithcts of the "l)lueeycd" goddess. Such may
therefore be the meaning of ^Aaff, without reference to the color of the bird's own eyes.
— The word ijiiomu is very pat for an owl, and especially interesting in such apjilication.
Cir.yvaina,i • opinion, decision ; yviu/jirt, reason; 7i'(i|Uwi', a judge, arbiter; all from "yi^vuJo-Kui.
I know ; whence also (/""■«'"'• imd tlie very Knglisli word kiioiv, wiili countless relate<l
forms, all rooted in the idea of knowledge. Hence i,noma is apt for tlie bird of Minerva,
goddess of wisdom, and is given just as Alliene was made a similar epithet. Further-
more, the Knglish word iiiioiuc, by which wo may directly translate f/Ho»ia in this case, Is
from the same root, meaning etymologically " the knowing one," " one who arbi-
trates certain <lesliiiies " : by nietonyiny, a kind of sprite or elf presiding over mines.
(I'lwma is thus an eligilile epithet of a bini which combines a reputation for wisdom
with certain superstitions connected with the gnome-like or goblia-like quality of its
knowiiigness.
ir'
84
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
485. Glaucidium femigineum (Maxim.) Kaup. b — . c sao. u 4io.
Ferrugineous Owl.
486. Micrathene whitneyi (Coop.) Coues. B — . c 33i. R 4ii.
Elf Owl.
487. Speotyto cunicularia hypogsea (Bp.) Coucs. b os, so. c 332. R 408.
Burrowing Owl.
488. Speotyto cunicularia floridana Ridg. B — . c — . R 408a.
Florida Burrowing Owl.
489. Circus cyaneus hudsonius (L.) Coues. B 38. c 333. u 430.
Marsh Hawk; Harrier.
490. Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (— ) Ridg. B 37. c 334. R 429.
Everglatlo Kite.
491. Ictinia subccsrulea (Bartr.) Coues. B 36. c 335. R 428.
Mississippi Kite.
492. Elanus glaucus (Bartr.) Coucs. B 35. c 336. R 427.
White-tailed or Black-shouldered Kite.
485. G. fer-ru-gIn'-6-um, Lat. yjrnfi/i/ifHni, rusty-red ; yenvi^o, iron-rust ; yem(m, iron.
486. Mi-cr5-then'-e whit'-ney-i. Gr. /xtKpis, small ; 'A0V'? or 'Aflr/va or 'Aerjvala, the Greek
goddess of wisdom, to whom the owl was sacred. There was already a genus Athene,
when Dr. Coues eonstrueted the above. The genus Attliis, No. 410, is rooted with the
same, ns are Altic, Alliens, Alhcniun, Athcnitiim, &c. — To Professor J. 1). Wliitney, Director
of the Geological Survey of California.
487. Spe-6'-ty-to cQn-i-cQ-la'-ri-5 hy-p6-gae'-5. Gr. o-TTfoy, a cave, excavation ; tut«, a kind
of owl. Tiie first refers to tlie burrowing of this species ; the last, like tiliiln, is ononia-
topa?ic, in imitation of an owl's hooting or " tooting"; /^<o, a " tooter." — Lat. atnicn-
lariiis, a miner, burro wer; cunicidus, a mine, pit, hole. — Lat. /ii/poi/inim, a vault, cellar;
Gr. virSytios, under ground, subterranean ; i/ird, under, yta, yrj, the ground. Thus all
three words refer to the same thing.
488. S. c. flor-ld-a'-n5. To Florida, " land of flowers."
Not in the orig. ed. ; since described ; Hidg., Am. Sportsman, July 4, 1874, p. 210.
489. Clr-cQs cy-an'-6-Gs hiid-s8n'-I-\js. Gr. nlpKos, Lat, circus, a kind of hawk, so called
from its cirdinq in the air. — Gr. Kvavos, Lat. ri/unciis, blue ; the color of tlie old male. —
To Hudson's Bay.
490. Rostr-ham'-us s6-cl-a'-bl-lls plum'-bS-iSs. Lat. rostrum, beak, and linmns, Gr. x^MoJ, a
hook, from tiie greatly decurved form of the upper mandible. It is a queerly com-
pounded word, meaning literally bill-hook, though the person who invented it meant to
say hook-bill, luimirostrum. It is very bad form as it stands, but we hardly know how
to enieml without entirely changing it. — Lat. sociuiilis, sociable, gregarious; socius, a
companion. — Lat. jilnmheus, plumbeous, lead-colored.
491. Ic-tln'-I-a sQb-coe-riU'-fi-a. Gr. iKriv or ik~"i/os, a kite ; probably rooted same as XxTtpos, a
diseat-e, in the iilea of utlackimj ; Lat. )V/m.s-, a blow, &c. — Lat. sidi, a jjrefi.x of diminishing
force, and cariikiis, blue; bluish, pale blue. See Dendraca, No. 117.
This stands as /. mississippiensis in the orig. ed. See Coues, I'r. Phlla. Acad., 1875,
p. 345.
49S. El'-an-Qs glaQ'-cQs. Lat. fhnus, a kite ; derived from the Gr. iKaivw, I drive on, urge
forward, i)ress upon, harass, &c. ; a good name for a bird of prey which e.\hil)its what
the French would call ilnn. — Lat. ijinurus, Gr. y\avK6s, bluish, glaucous; from Atuw,
\fv(r<Tu, I shine. See (jiducliliiim, No. 484.
This is /■JIdiius Icucurus in the orig. ed. See Coues, Pr. Phila. Acad., 1875, p. 045.
m
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
86
493. Elanoides forficatus (L., 1758) Coues. b 34. c 337. k 426.
Swallow-tailed Kite.
494. Accipiter fuscus (Gm.) Bp. B 17. c 338. R 432.
Sharp-sliinned Hawk; Pigeon Hawk.
495. Accipiter cooperi Bp. n i5, ig. c 339. 11 431.
Cooper's Hawk; Cliicken Hawk.
496. Astur atricapillus (AVils.) Bp. B 14. c 340. R 433.
American Goshawk.
497. Astur atricapillus striatulus Ritlg. B — . c — . R 433a. (?)
Western Goshawk,
498. Falco sacer Forst. b — . c 341. r 4126.
American Continental Gyrfalcon.
C'd
75,
•pc
lilt
493. El-an-8-i'-des for-fl-ca'-tQs. Lat, e/anns (see No. 402) and Gr. tlSos, resemblance. — For
forjicdtus, see Milculus, No. 307.
Tliis is Nauderux farcaliis of the orig. ed. See Coues, Bull. U. S. Gcol. Surv. Terr.,
iv, No. 1, 1878, p. 42.
494. Ac-cIp'-I-tfir fus'-cQs. Lat. accipiter, a pencral name for a hawk ; accipio, I take, seize ;
from (/(/ and capio: Gr. kottto), of similar meaning. Some, however, derive the word
(as it seems to us, fancifully) from acuo and peto, i. c, the swift flyer. The root cap- is a
very general one for words denoting this idea of taking ; as in English accept, except,
captlic, capable, capaeims, &c. — hAi. fuscus, fuscous, dark-colored.
495. A. coop'-6r-i. To William Cooper, of New York.
496. As'-tur a-trl-ca-pil'-lQs. Lat. «s(h)', a hawk; evidently related to aster, a star; asterias,
starry, I. f., speckled ; French (ii/(oi()- is the same. The Kuropean Goshawk was called
Asterias and " Star-hawk " by some of the old ornithologists, and the term aartpiat
Upal is classic. The Italian is astore or usturo, and some dialectic form of this is said to
give the name to the Avores or Azores Islands, from the abundance of liawks there. —
For atrirapillus, see Parus, No. 44. The word e/os- prefi.xed to hawk is Anglo-Saxon ;
goshafoc is goose-hawk; /»'/•>. and many similar words, are related to fuucon,jhUon, falco,
which see. No. 4'.)8.
497. A. a. strl-a'-tu-lus. Lat. .s7/-w?h/i(s, diminutive of s^nn^Hs, striate, streaked, striped ; imply-
ing not the smallncss of the streaked object, but the fineness of the stripes tliemselves.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. Since described by Uidg., Hist. N. A. B., iii,
1874, p. 240.
493. Fal'-co s5'-c6r. Gr. (pdK'iwv, L:it. film, a falcon, from the ftl.r, fakis, a sickle, scythe; in
allusion to the /i(/(((/i' form of the hooked beak. The Fnglish is directly from /k/co, and
the word reappears in many languages : Vr. faucim ; Ital.filroiie ; Sjian. Imlron, &c. — The
word Gi/rfiili-oii or Jerfalnm has much e.\ercised the ingenuity of the dictionaries. To
us the etymology seems clear and indisijutable. It is fotmd in many forms, as ije.r-, r/ir-,
.W""> ;!"'o-> "'''-. iif'-, nud this U'ads directly to Up6s, divine, sacred, noble, ausjiicions,
chief, &c. ; I'cpcus, a priest; when( ^ h'pa^, the actual tireck word for a hawk, as used in
divination, and therefore sacred. The idea is the same as that in hierarch, &c. The
Kiiglish Gyrfalcon or Jcrfalcon is therefore a mere transliteration of lliernfiU-o. It
the same spirit, Steenstrup recently made a genus (!ip-alca for the principal bird of the
auk tribe, already known in many vcrnaeidars by a corresponding e]>ithet. Speculations
respecting 7//r- as meaning (///)h.<!, a whirl, from the hawk's gyrations, are superfluous.^
Lat. S'lrrr sacred, consecrated, sanctified, &c. ; the root sac- is the Greek root ay, as seen
in iiyius, ayt'6!.
By the above name wc indicate the continental Gyrfalcon of Arctic America, corre-
M
^ifPi;
8G
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
499. Falco sacer obsoletus (Gm.) Ridg. b — . c — . r 412c.
Labrador Gyrfalcon.
500. Falco islandicus Gm. B 12. c — . r 41 2a.
Iceland Gyrfalcon.
601. Falco candicans Gm. B 11. c 34ia. R 412. (G.)
Greenland Gyrfalcon.
502. Falco mexicanus Lioht. B 10. c 342. R 413.
American Lanier Falcon.
503. Falco peregrinus Tuiistall. B 5, c. c 343. r 414.
Peregrine Falcon ; Duck Hawk.
504. Falco peregrinus pealii (Kiilg.) Coues. B — . c 343o. R 4i4a. (?)
Peale's Peregrine Falcon.
505. Falco columbarius L. B 7. c 344. R 417.
Pigeon Hawk.
506. Falco columbarius suckleyi Ridg. b — . c 344a. r 4i7a. (?)
Buckley's Pigeon Hawk.
spondinj; to F. rjip-fiilfn of Continental Europe, without raising the mucli-vexcd question
of tlieir identity. We give the dark I^al)ra(hir bird as a variety of tliis, and the Ice-
landic and Grcenlandic as hotli specifically di.stiiiet ; tliougli we suppose all tlie nortlicrn
///' rnfnicones to be but geograpliieal races of a single species.
499. F. s. 6b-E61-e'-tQs. Lat. (V«o/(7i(.s, unaccustomed, unwonted, disused, obsolete ; here refer-
ring simply to the ill-deflned eliaraeter of tlie markings ; oh and soko, I am accustomed.
Not in orig. ed. This is FuIcd lahmdorns of Audubon, lately accredited by Mr. Kidg-
way witli varietal distinction, and identified with F. ohsuklus Gin.
500. F. is-land'-I-cQs. [ees-]. Latinized directly from the native name of lee-land (Island,
otherwise known as Eisland and Ijsland), and thus meaning Icelandic, — not "in-
sular."
601. F. can'-dl-cans. Lat. cn;K7/co, I am white; present participle of the verb ; rnHf/fV/iis, white ;
condeo, I .am shining, &e. Candid is pure, clean, hence truthful ; nuKhsrcnl, brilliantly
glowing ; candidaUs were so called because clothed in white; aindhs give light; emu scent
hairs grow white; in all these, and countless words, tlie same root is seen.
In the orig. cd. as Fidco miccr var. coiidi'rwis ; see above. No. 408.
502. F. mex-I-ca'-nus. To Me.vico, whence Liehtenstein described it. It has been identified
with F. pnli/ni/riis of Cassin. " Lanier" or " Lanner" is the name applied in ornithology
and faleoiirv to certain Old World species; it is from hiiiidrins, of a butcher, Inniiitur, a
butcher, from Innio, I lacerate, mangle; Imiiiis (which see, No. 180) is the same thing.
503. F. pgr-6-gri'-nfls. See UvlminthoiihiKja, No. 10!).
This stands as /•'. amtmnnis in the orig. ed. It is well to stretch a point in favor of
Tunstall, 1770, to be able to restore this well-known name.
504. F. p. peal'-I-i [in three syllables]. To Titian K. Pcalo, of United States Exploring Expe-
dition fame. Of dotibtful standing.
505. F. c61-um-ba'-rl-\5s. Post-classic Lat. rohtmharius, pertaining to a pigeon, columba ; or, a
liigeon-faneier, as this spirited little falcon is.
506. F. c. suck'-ley-i. To George Suckley, known in ornithology for his researches in Oregon
and Wasliington Territories. The first syllable is long, and pronounced with the full
Latin force of u, like oo in moon. A very dubious bird.
I!
■■/ I
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
87
507. Falco columbarius richardsoni Ridg. B — . c 345. R 4i8.
Richardson's Pigeon Hawk.
508. Falco sparverius L. b 13. c 340. r 420.
Sparrow Hawk.
509. Falco sparverius isabellinus (Sw.) Ridg. n — . c 34Ga. r 420a.
Isabel Sparrow Hawk.
510. Falco sparverioides Vig. n — . c — . r 421. (!w. i.)
Cuban Sparrow Hawk.
511. Falco fusciccerulescens V. b 9. c 347. r 419.
Femoral Falcon.
512. Buteo unicinctus harrisi (Aud.) Ridg. B 4G. c 348. R 434.
Harris's Buzzard Hawk.
513. Buteo albocaudatus V. b — . c — . R441.
White-tailed Buzzard Hawk.
'pon
full
507. F. e. rlch'-ard-sfin-i. To Sir .Tolin IJichnrdson, tlio spoeips having been clcstTibod and
figiiri'd in tlie Fauna Borcali-Aniericana.
608. F. spar-vfi'-rl-Qs. — Post-classic Latin, nicaning, relating to a sparrow, as (•nhtmhnriiin front
nlumlid. Tlicro is a quasi-Latin word sjmrciiis, from wliicli spaiTeriiis is directly formed.
The word spanow in some of its forms doubtless antedates any corri'sponding word in
the South ICuropean languages. We Iiavc not traced the Latin spaimus or sfurvefius
back of Ciesner, louo. See Passer, No. 102.
609 F. s. I-s5-bel-ir-nQs. The Lady Isabel, having confidence in her husband's prowess,
vowed not to change her chemise until that warrior had t.iken a certain town, lie was
longer about it than she expected, and slio wore the garment until it assumed a peculiar
brown tint : hence the term " isabel-color " ; wlience quasi-Latin isahclliiuis.
610. F. spar-v6-rl-fi-i'-des. Tiiis is an aggravated case of bastardy. Anglo-Saxon and Gothic
spiiririi or spiirru, Latinized as spdviiis, a sparrow, whence sparrcriiis, a sparrower, so to
sjieak, or sparrow-catcher, as this hawk is; with the Gr. cZSoj, to denote tlic resemblance
of the West Indian to the North American bird.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. Lately said to have occurred in Florida.
See Ridg., I'r. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, p. 220.
611. F. fus-cl-coe-rul-es'-cens. Lat. fiisms, dusky, and C(rn(^esrri!.s, growing blue; i'. e., being
bluish: rwnileus, blue. This was virhU'n fitscorrrnilescciis by Vieillot, but the above is
preferable. " Femoral " relates to the color of the thigli ; fimm, the thigli-bonc.
This is F.fe moral is of the orig. ed. See Sharpe, Cat. Accip. Br. Atus., i. p. 400.
512. Bu'-te-o ij-nl-cinc'-tijs h5r'-rls-l. Lat. hnlrn, a buzzard-hawk; of doubtful etymology;
the word occurs in I'liny. — Lat. uni, once, and rimiiis, girded ; utais, one, and nin/n, I
gird, bind about; willi reference to the single zone of wliite color on the tail. — To
Edward Harris, of Philadelphia.
613. B. al-b(5-caQd-a'-tus. — Lat. oWik.', white, w/f/a^'.'?, tailed ; raurin, iaW. The latter part of
the word being a participial adjective of a supposed verb nimlo, permits aHiiis to be in the
"ablative of instrument," "white" being that wherewith tie bird is "tailed." In
another form, it would be alhicandn, like alliirilla for instance, bee No 42.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since discovered in Texas both by G. B. Semiett and .1. C.
Merrill. See Cones, The Country, July 13, ls78, p. 184; aud Uidg., Pr. Nat. Mus., i,
Oct, 2, 1378, p. 1S4.
Ij '''1
88
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBIC AN BIRDS.
614.
615.
616.
517.
618.
610.
620.
621.
622.
623.
Buteo cooperi Cass, b 29. c 349. r 437. (?)
Cooper's Buzzard Hawk.
Buteo harlani (Aud.) Bp. b 22. c 350. r 438.
Harlan's Buzzard Hawk.
Buteo borealis (Gm.) V. b 23. c 351. u 436.
Red-tailed Buzzard Hawk; Hen Hawk.
Buteo borealis calurus (Cass.) Ritlj
Western Red-tailed Buzzard Hawk.
B 20, 24. C 351a. R 4366.
Buteo borealis lucasanus Ridg. b — . c 3516. r 4noc.
St, Lucas Buzzard Hawk.
Buteo borealis krideri IIoopcs. b
Krider's Buzzard Hawk.
C 351c. R 43Ca. (?)
Buteo lineatus (Gm.) Jard. b 25. c 352. r 439.
Red-sliouldered Buzzard Hawk.
Buteo lineatus elegans (Cass.) Ridg. B 20. c 352a. R 439a.
Western Red-sliouldered Buzzard Hawk.
Buteo abbreviatus Cab. b — . c 353. r 440.
Band-tailed Hawk.
Buteo swainsoni Bp. b is, 19, 21, 28. c 354. R 442.
Swainson's Buzzard Hawk.
614. B. co5p'-er-I. To Dr. James G. Cooper, of California, well known for his studies of the
birds of that country. Doubtful species : only one specimen known.
515. B. harMan-i. To Dr. Richard Ilarlan, of Philadelphia, author of Medical and Physical
Researches, Fauna Americana, etc.
516. B. b6r-6-a'-lIs. Lat. iorcaZ/s, northern; ioreas, the north wind.
517. B. b. c51-u'-rQs. Gr. KoArfs, beautiful, and oSpo, tail.
518. B. b. Iu-c5s-a'-nfis. Named after Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.
519. B. b. kri'-dSr-i. To John Krider, the veteran ta.xidermist of Philadelphia. Dubious.
520. B. li-nfi-a'-tQs. Lat./niw^fs, lineated, limned, fronW/n/o; //jiea, a line. In reference to the
streaking of the plumage.
521. B. 1. e'-l6-gans. Lat. c/c,7ans, elegant, because select, chosen : c and AV/o, I pick out.
522. B. ab-brSv-l-a'-ttis. Lat. oW^rccmiK.s, shortened ; at aud ^ocfw, I abridge, contract ; hrevis,
short ; Gr. fipaxvs- Applicability unknown to us.
Tills stands as D. zonocercus in the orig. ed. See Ridg., Pr. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, p. 220.
623. B. swain'-s6n-i. To William Swainson, Ksq., the celebrated English naturalist.
Mr. Sharpe has lately called this B. oUsohtus (Gm.), but very erroneously, Gmelin's
bird of that name being a Gyrfalcon. — B. insiipuitus of Cassiii is simply a melanism.
— D. hairdi of Cassin is the young. — This bird is the nearest form we have to tiie Euro-
pean B. viihjaris, which latter has been attributed to Michigan : see Maynard, Bull. Nutt.
Club, i. No. 1, 1876, pp. 2-6.
The meaning of the word "buzzard " is unknown to us. It runs through several
languages, as huzhard, huzard, hnsard, huse. Some think it onomatopoeic, related to
buzz ; that seems doubtful ; more likely related to the Latin buteo. Butes is a Latin
proper name, but of no obvious connection.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBIC AN BIRDS.
89
524. Buteo pennsylvanicus (Wils.) Bp. B 27. c 365. R 443.
nroad-winffcd Buzzard Iliiwk. [See Aililonda, Nos. 882, 883.
525. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gm.) Ridg. B30, 31. C36C. R447.
American Rough-logged Buzzard.
526. Archibuteo ferruginous (Licht.) Or. B 32. c 3C7. u 448.
Fcmiginoous Rougli-leggcd Buzzard.
527. Asturina plagata Schl. B 33. c 358. u 445.
Gray Hawk.
538. Urubitinga anthracina (Licht.) Lafr. B — . c — . R 444.
Anthracite Hawk.
529. Onychotes gruberi Ridg. b — . c 359. r 440.
Gruber's Hawk.
530. Pandion haliaetus (L.) Sav. B 44. c 3G0. R 42.'S.
Fish Hawk ; Osprcy.
531. Thrasyaetus harpyia (L.) Gr. b — . c — . R 450. (! M.)
Harpy Eagle.
\\
the
524. B. penn-syl-van'-I-cQs. Sec Ikmhrcca, No. 124.
625. Arch-I-bu'-te-o lag-5'-pus sanc-tl-jd-han'-nls. Lat. archi-, equivalent to Gr. dtpx"'?. i
leader, a cliief ; Spx"> I r\\\o, I am first ; the word simply moans " arch-huzzard," like
an-lililsliup, arr/ii'ti/pc. iircliltcrt, &c. — I.at. laijopus, (Jr. Kaywirous, liare-footed, from Aayws, a
hare, and ttoCi, a foot : in allusion to the feathering of the tarsi. The penult here remains
long in Latin as it is in Greek ; but words in -opm, where the o is simply a conne<^ting
vowel, shorten the penult. — Lat. sandi-juhannis, of Saint John, alluding to the place in
Newfoundland so called.
526. A. fer-ru-gtn'-e-us. See Scnlecoplim/iis, No. S31.
627. As-tijr-i'-na pla-ga'-tS. Asiwiim is simply formed from Lat. astur, which see, No. 400,
without any difference of meaning. — Lat. phirjdla, striped, from plaijo, I strike ; jildi/a, a
blow, stroke, stripe ; Gr. ttAtj^^, a blow, wound, from tiKiiaao) or irKriTTu. I strike. Com-
moldy written phujiata, for whicii wo see no good reason.
628. U-ru-bI-tin'-g5 an-thra-ci'-nS. Umhitinija is a barbarous word, of some South American
dialect ; tiruhn means a vulture; we do not know what the rest of the word is, nor the
quantity of the first two vowels ; we hear them long and leave thorn so. — Lat. aiitliia-
ciiius, Gr. a.y0pd.Ktyos, carbimcular ; 6.v0pa^, genitive HudpaKos, a carbuncle ; also a live coal,
a coal. The application in the present case is not to a glowing coal, like a carbuncle,
but to a dead coal, coal-black ; the glossy black of anthracite coal, as the bird is.
529. 0-nych'-6-tes gru'-b6r-i. (Jr. Sw^, genitive uyvxos, a claw; the rest of the word is the
regular sufFix ttjj, -te.'i, making the whole signify " the clawed one." Notice the accent.
— To 1". Gruber, a taxidermist of San Francisco.
This bird is questionably North American; but distinct from any Hawk in this list.
530. Pan-di'-on h51-T-a-e'-tQs. Lat. rainliun, Gr. Uavhluv, was the alleged father of Pimpie
and I'hilomda : see Coues, H. Col. Vail., i, 1878, p. ."71. Observe (piantity and accent of
the pi'nult. — Gr. oAi, genitive oAiir, .salt, tlie sea, and dTjTds, an eagle; "sea-eagle."
See HtilliiUhis, No. 53.'5.
531. Thr5-sy-a-e'-tus har-pyl'.5 or har-py'-I-S [either three or four syllables; in either case
pronounced hnrpwa'ah]. Gr. Bpaavs, bold, audacious, and ttjjTos, eagle; see No. 633.
Generally written Thrasactus, as originally by Gray : but the above is preferable ; com-
pare Thnisijus, Tlirasijbulus, Thrasymachus, &.C., all retaining the ,i/ (u). — Tiie' Apiruiai,
if r"
90
CHECK LIST OF NOHTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
f i'.ii
I n
632. Aqtiila chrysaetus (L.) Cuv. B 39. r aoi. R 449.
Golden Hafflo.
533. Haliaetus albicilla (L.) Lofidi. n 42. c — . u 452. (o.)
Wliite-talled Kagle; Sea li^aKle.
534. Haliaetus leucocephalus (L.) S.ivig. u 41, 4,3. c 302. 11 451.
Wliitc-lieaded Eagle ; Itald Kaglo.
635. Polyljorus cheriway (Jacq.) Cab. 45. c 3fi3. R 423.
Caracara Kagle.
Jl/irptjid or Iliirpics wcro fabulous monstors, ouiliodying tlic idea of female rapacilj' as
birds of prey, with croul<i'il taioiis aud licali (apirr;).
Not in the orig. ed. of tliu t'licck List ; latily aseertaiiu'd to occur in Texas. See
Oswald, Am. Nat., 187H, p. 151 ; and Ridg., I'r. Nat. Mus., iii, 18W(), j). L"J1.
53S. A'-quH-S chrys-a-E'-tus. Lat. ar/uila, an eagle. Tlio etymology is disputed. It is given
by some, without qualKication, as from (ir. wkvs, I-at. acer, ucior, sharp, swift, from Jnr
or y/Vii-. Some say from ikiuHiis, dark, swarthy ; otiiers, as related to nr/iii/<>, the north
wind ; others from Gr. ayKvKos, crooked, hooked, as the bird's beak is: this would corre-
spond to the derivation of uri/ps, ypvij/, a grillin, from ypvirSs, bent, hooknosed. It is
conjectured, also, from oy/cuArj, the curve of the limb, or the curved limb, with wliicdi the
bird, as Jove's lightning-bearer, grasped the thunder-l)olts. S(une allied forms of the
word, in which 7 appears instead of the 7, as iti/iiila, <ii;/lr, cwjlr, favor the supposition
that the name has somethiiig to do with the great wings of the bird. — Cr. xpucai'Tor or
Xpwi'f'ros, golden eagle ; xP"<f^'< golden, dtrtis, eagle. See Jhtlkietiis, No. 5;J3.
633. H51-I-a-e'-tiis al-bl-cil'-lS. Gr. SAj, genitive oA(<s, salt ; the (salt) sea ; and aero's or aTjTtJi
or a'lfTos, nn eagle; there is also the actual Greek aAidfras or aAiaifros, for the "sea-
eagle," that is, the osprey. There is also the actual Latin transliteration " halla-etos,"
for the same bird. So many vowels coming together, with such variation in the original
Greek, has kept the orthography incessantly Huctiuiting. Savigny, who was a classical
scholar, as well as an ornithologist, originally spelled the genus he founded llallavim.
This is perfectly correct, in fact, the poetic form, as transliterated from aKiaUrot, with
only the usual and proper change of Greek at into Latin a;. Many purists keep to this
Bpelling, which is perfectly defensible, and has the advantage of being that used by the
founder of the genus. But, as Ilaldeman remarks, however desirable llidta&ns may be
in poetical writing, it is more consonant with a strict scientific spirit to simplify the
word into Ilalinvtus, deriving it in this case from oerdj or otjto'i. We accept and adopt this
form upon such understaiuling. Having settled this, tlic next question arises respecting
the quantity of the vowels, and accentuation of the syllables. If derived from afrdj,
the word would be Iliiha'vliiK ; if from otjto's, it would be IJalidi'liis. We prefer the latter.
In any event, the form "Haliaetus," in four syllables, is inadnnssible: the word must
have at least five syllables. But ornithologists maj- be forgiven for anything in this
case, seeing that the grammarians have disputed it for some centuries. — Lut. alliirilUi,
white-tailed. See Molnrilla, No. 80.
This species, though frequently attributed to North America, has of late years been
dropped. It is now restored, on the strength of its occurrence in Greenland, though not
elsewhere in North America that we know of. Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List.
634. H. leu-c8-c6ph'-a-lQs. Gr. \evK6s, white, and Kcipakii, head.
635. P6l-y'-bfir-iSs cheriway. Gr. iroKv&Spos, eating a great deal, very voracious. — Cheriway
and Caracara are both barbarous words, the meaning of which we know not : from some
South American dialect.
This stands in the orig. ed. as P. (harus var. auduboni.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
91
636. Pseudogryphus califomianus (Slmw) Kidg-. « 2. c 364. u 453.
Californiaii Vulture.
537. Cathartes aura (L.) 111. B 1. c 305. u 404.
Turkey Duzzurd.
533. Catharista atrata (IJartr.) Loss, b 3, c 3C6. R 456.
C'urrluii Crow.
539. Columba fasciata Say. B 445. c. .'!C". 11450.
liiind-tiiiloil Piju;oon.
540. Columba erythrina Licht. B 44c. c 308. R 457.
Rod-billRcl PiRoon.
541. Columba leucocephala L. B 447. 309. R 458.
Wliite-crowncd Pigeon.
542. Engyptila albifrons (Bp.) Cones. B — . c — . R 463.
Whitc-frontod Pigeon.
536. Pseu-dO-gry'-phQs cal-l-f5r-nl-a'-nfls. fir. ifeCSoi. false, from <^(6t(D, I deceive, and Lat.
</ri//ihi(s, for i/>\i/i>s, gi'uitivi' (jri/i>lii's, ii griftin, a fabulous liinl ; I'loiii (Jr. ypiKp, the saiiic,
from ypvTToi, lu'iit, iiook-iiosed. The word is hadly fornioil in two laiijiuam's : iiad better
liave been J'nciuloi/njiis. Grijjihiiii is a name early traiisferrid by orniihoh)},'ists from h»
fabulous prototyije to tiie eond.ir of the Andes ; and Mr. Ridgway made J'seudnyrij/ihus
from the reseniblanee of the Californian vulture to tlio latter.
Tins stands as Cathartes cut. in the orig. ed. See Hidg., Bull. Nutt. Club, v, 1880,
p. 70.
537. Cath-ar'-tes au'-r5 [ow-rali, not or-ahl. Or. KaOaprris, a purifier, from KaBalpu, I cleanse,
purify, pm'ije ; from the good olHces of the binl as a scavenger in warm countries. —
Aura is a name applied to this bird by the olilest writers who speak of it, and, in all its
various forms, as rendered by l)e Laet and others who treat of tropical American
Callidrtidir, it is of South American or Me.\icau origin, and apparently related to
uruliu or oiinilni. It early crystalli;;ed in its present orthography, and was soon Latinized,
or at least declined as a Latin word; as, lur (inruriim, or rcjina aurarum (genitive [)lural),
"king of the vultures." That it has any connection with Lat. aura, Gr. oiJpa, air,
atmosphere, may well be doubted.
538. Cath-ar-is'-ta a-tra'-t5. Badly framed from Kadapi^ai, only another form of Kadaipw, of
same meaning; see No. 5:37. — Lat. r(/;((^(, ])artieipial adjective, blackened ; (i/tr, black.
This stands as Catlmrtes alratus in the orig. ed. See Ridg., Bull. Nutt. Club, v, 1880,
p. 80.
539. C61-um'-ba fas-cl-a'-ta. Lat. columba, a pigeon; etymology unknown. — See Chaiuwa,
540. C. 6-ryth-ri'-na. Lat. erythrina. Or. fpvGpiiios, reddish; from epvOp6s, red.
Tliis is C. Jlarirostris of the orig. ed. As the liill is not at all yellow, another name is
desirable. See Uidg., Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 0.
541. C. Ieij-c6-c6ph'-a-15. Gr. AcukcJs. white, and /c6(>)aA»^ head.
542. En-gyp'-tl-ia al'-bl-fr5ns. Gr. iyy^s, narrow, slender, contracted, and ttAi'Aoi', a feather;
from the attenuated outer primaries. — Lat. ulhus, white ; frms, foreliead.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since discovered in Te.xas by G. B. Sennett. See Coues, Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, p. 48, and Bull. Nutt. Club, v, 1880, p. 100; Ridg., I'r.
Kat. Mus , i, 1878, p. 158.
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92
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
543. Ectopistes migratorius (L.) Sw. b 44s. c 370. r 4S9.
Wild Pigeon; Passenger Pigeon.
544. Zenaidura carolinensis (L.) Bp. b 461. c 371. r 460.
Carolina Dove.
545. Zenaida amabilis Bp. b 449. c 372. r 4C2.
Zenaida Dove.
546. Melopelia leucoptera (L.) Bp. b 450. c 373. r 4G4.
White-winged Dove.
547. Chamaepelia passerina (L.) Sw. b 453. c 374. r 46s.
Ground Dove.
548. Chamaepelia passerina pallescens (Bd.) Coues. b — . c 374a. r — . (?)
St. Lucas Ground Dove.
549. Scardafella inca (Less.) Bp. b 462. c 37s. r 466.
Scaled Dove.
550. Geotrygon martinica (Gm.) Reich, b 454. c 376. r 467.
Key West Pigeon.
' i '8
'■I
.'r
643. Ec-ta-pis'-tSs mi-gr5-t8'-rT-Qs. Gr. ^(croimrT^i, a wanderer, passenger; iKToirt(iu, I
wander, cliangc place ; from iK, out of, and tJitoi, place ; '' out of place." — Lat
miijratorius, of same meaning ; miyro, I migrate.
544.. Z6n-S-i-du'-r5 ca-rO-lIn-Sn'-sIs. We think zenaida is a barbarous word. Its meaning wo
do not know. See Phouipara, No. 297, and compare zena tliere given. The rest of the
word is formed by adding the Greek ovpd. Bonaparte originally wrote zemiidura, which
has usually, of late, following Dr. Coues' load, been turned to zcniedura ; but if the
word is not classic, there is no occasion for the modification.
545. Z6n-S-i'-da im-a'-bll-Is. Zenaida, a proper name, perhaps Spanish ; meaning unknown
to us : see No. 544. — Lat. amabilis, lovable, lovely ; amo, I love.
540. MCl-6-p6l-i'-5 leu-c5p'-ter-5. Gr. ^<Aos, melody, and irtKeta, a UoVv Name derived
from irfKKos, the peculiar dark slaty-blue color, so characteristic of pigeons ; we say
to-day in sporting parlance " blue-rocks " for the ordinary domestic pigeon. The word,
like many others ending in -pelia, is often wrong-written -jxleia. Observe that the Greek
(I becomes long i in Latin, giving us -pelia, accented on the penult. — Gr. \tvK6s, white,
and wTtpSv, a wing.
Chim-aS-pel-i'-S p3s-s8r-i'-n5. Gr. xo^"'. "" adverb, on the ground, and Tt'A»»o, a dove.
See No. 540. See Chamcra, No. 39. This word is spellod about a dozen different
ways, by writers or printers who are careless or ignorant. — Lat. passerina, sparrow-like,
in allusion to the diminutive size: passer, a sparrow. See No. 102.
C. p. p5l-l5s'-c5ns. See Mitrcphorus, No. 392. Scarcely distinguishable from No. 547.
Scar-d5-fel'-15 in'-c5. Scardafella is an Italian word, thus accounted for by Bonaparte,
who founded the genus, in his " Coup d'(Eil sur I'Ordro dos I'igeons " (p. 4;J of the
separate copies) : " uno o-xprossion du Dante m'a inspire le noni do scardafella, qui point
I'apparence ecailleuso de notre troiziemo genre." The " scaly appearance " is due to the
coloration, not the texture, of the feathers. — Inca is a barbarous word ; the incas or yncas
were Peruvian chiefs.
This is S. squamosa var. inca in the orig. cd. ; later determined to bo distinct.
660. Qe-6-try'-g8n m5r-tIn'-I-cS. Gr. 7*0, the earth, the ground, and rpvydv, a pigeon ; from
rpi^u, to coo ; onomatopoeic, like lurtiir. There seems to be reason for koo])ing the
penult long, and accenting it. — Lat. martinica, Latinized adjective from Martinique, one
of the West Indies.
547.
548.
649.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
n
551. Stamcenas cyanoccphalus (L.) Bp. b 455. c 377. R 468.
Blue-headed Pigeon.
552. Ortalis vetula maccalli (Bd.) b 4..g. c 378. u 4C9.
Texan Guau.
553. Meleagris gallipavo L. b 458. c 379. r 470.
Domestic Turlcey ; Mexican Turliey.
554. Meleagris gallipavo americana (Bartr.) Coues. b 457. C 379a. r 470a.
Cktmmon Wild Turltey of tlie United States.
555. Canace canadensis (L.) Bp, b 400. c 380. r 472.
Canada Grouse ; Spruce Partridge.
558. Canace canadensis ftanklini (Doiigl.) Coucs. b 4Ci. c 380a. r 472a.
FraniUin's Spruce Partridge.
557. Canace obscura (Say) Bp. b 459. c 38i. r 471.
Dusicy Grouse.
558. Canace obscura richardsoni (Dougl.) Coues. b — . c 38ia. r 4716.
Richardson's Duslty Grouse.
' ? (probably Italian ; Agassiz gives
651. Star-noE'-nSs cy-5n-8-c6ph'-5-liSs. From —
Slarna as a proper name), and Gr. oiVoj, Lat. lenas, tlie vine : also, a kind of pigeon ; oenus
seems to liave been transferred to the pigeon, as ananihe was to some other bird ; see
Saxlcola, No. 20. The olvds of Aristotle is Cdamba livia L. — Gr. K\jaLv6%, ci/anus, blue,
and Kc0aA^, head.
653. Or'-tai-Is vCt'-ii-ia m5c cai'-li. Gr. ofnaKls, a pullet, a kind of quail. This word
was universally written ortitlida, until Mr. Wharton showed that the way Merreni,
writing Latin, constructed the sentence in which the word first occurs made it the accu-
sative case; arguing hence that Mcrrem meant to found a genus oiinlis, not ortalidn.
See Ibis, October, 1870, p. 450. The Hev. Mr. Avery's MS. in our possession makes
the same correction, though without comment. — Lat. vetula, a little old woman ; derisive
diminutive from vctiis, old, veteran ; digammatcd from Gr. (ros, a year. — To General
George A. McCall, U. S. Army.
653, M8l-«-ag'-rIs gal-ll-p5'-v5. Gr. fxtKtaypli, Lat. meleatjris, a gninca-lien ; literally, a fleld-
tender, farmer; from fit\(t, relating to the care of a thing, and &ypos. a field. The word not
transferred from the African A'limidd to the American Turkey until near the middle of
the ICth century, and occasionally confounded for many years ofler that. Milciuier
or Vl(Ktayp6i was a my tiiical person who suffered a cruel fate : his sisters, the Mchmjrides,
who bitterly lamented his death, were clianged into guinea-hens ; the profusely-spotted
plumage of which gives evidence of the tears they shed for him. — Lat. iiallipavo, usually
written ijnUoiwvo, a very late combination of i/nllus, a cock, and /la/o, a pea-fowl, bird of
Juno ; the latter word from the Gr. raios or raus or raaii', a pea-fowl.
554. M. g. im-Sr-I-cS'-nS. Of America.
555. CSn'-Si-cS ci-n&-dSn'-sIs, CVindrc, a proper name ; she lived in incest with her brother;
application not obvious, unless referring in a general way to the polygamy of gallina-
ceous birds.
This and following species are given as Tctrao in the orig. ed. ;' but may be properly
separated generically from Tdnw unyiallus.
558. C, c. frink'-lln-i. To Sir John Franklin, of Arctic fame and sorrow,
557. C, Sb-scQ'-rQs. Lat. obsciims, obscure, i. e., dark-colored.
558. C. o. rlch'-ard-sfln-I. To Sir John Kichardson, often already mentioned 'n this List,
■fr
94
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
\h .i'
559. Canace obscura fuliginosa Ridg. b — . c 3816. r 47ia.
Fuliginous Dnslty Grouse.
560. Centrocercus urophasianus (Bp.) Sw. b 462. c 382. r 479.
Sage-cock; Cock-of-tbe«Plaln8.
561. Pedioecetes phasianellus (L.) Elliot, b — . c 383. ii 478.
Northern Sharp-tailed Grouse.
562. Pedioecetes phasianellur columbianus (Ord) Coues. b 403. c 383a. R478a>
Common Sharp-tailed Grouse; Prairie Hen of tlie Northwest.
563. Cupidonia cupido (L.) Bd. b 464. c 384. r 477.
Pinnated Grouse; Prairie Hen.
564. Cupidonia cupido pallidicincta Ridg. b — . c 384a. r 477a.
Pale Pinnated Grouse.
666. Bonasa umbella (L.) Steph. B 465. c 385. R 473,
Ruffed Grouse ; " Theasant ^' in the Middle and Southern States.
659.
560.
661.
562.
563.
564.
665.
C. o. fQ-li-gIn-6'-s5. Lat., post-classic, /u/Z'/wosa, of a dark sooty color; fd'ujo, soot;
fiilica, or fidix, a coot ; so called from its color.
CSn-trfl-cer'-ciSs u-r6-pha-sl-a'-nfls. Gr. Kturpov, a spine, and KtpKos, tail; " sliarp-
tailfd." — Gr. oipa, tail, and <pcurtav6s, Lat. phasianus, Fr./aisan, Engl, pheasant, pertainiiij;
to the river I'hasis in Colchis. Tiie scientific name of the English pheasant is rhasianiiii
colrhiciis. The name "pheasant" has been ignorantly transferred to various American
birds of this family.
Ped-I-o5'-c6-tes pha-sI-Sn-El'-lOs. Gr. irtSioy, a plain ; as we should sny, prairie ; from
irfSov, the ground; and olKerrit, an inliabitant ; sec Poitcelcs, No. 2.'52. The word was
originally written Pediocales. — Lat. p/iasiancllus, diminutive of phasianus ; see Centro-
cercus, Xo. 500.
p. cOl-um-bl-a'-niSs.
Lewis and Clarke.
To the Columbia river, whence the birds were brought by
CiS-pi-d6'-nI-5 cfl-pi'-d8. The bird was named by Linnaeus Tetrao cupido, after the " blind
l)t)w-boy," son of Venus, not with any allusion to erotic con(;orns, but because the little
wings on the bird's neck were likened to "Cupid's wings." The same idea is repeated
in the English " pinnate<l " grouse. Professor Ueichenbach formed his genus Cupidonia
by merely adding a suffl.x. If he had written cupidinni, he would have had a classic
word, directly formed, like cupidus, from cupido, exactly expressing the sense intended
by Linnajus to be conveyed. — The Latin tetrao, from the Gr. rtrpiuv, and tilrix, from
the Gr. rcrpit, were certain gallinaceous birds, so called from their wont to cackle,
TtrpA^fiv ■■ all onomatopoeic.
C. c. pal-ll-dl-cinc'-t5. Lat. pnllidus, pallid, pale ; and ductus, begirt, encircled ; cinjo,
I bind.
Bfin-a'-sS um-bSl'-liSs. Gr. fi6va.aot. Lnt. honasus, a wild bull. The allusion her^ is to the
"drumming" noise made by the bird, likened to the bellowing of a bull ; see Biil>i>,
No. 402, and Bolaurua, No. 000. Also written Donasia. — Lat. umhelius, or umbella, an
umbel, umbrella; from umbra, shade, shadow, whence penumbra, umbrageous, &c. The
allusion is to the tuft of feathers on the side of the neck, as in the case of cu/iido, which
see. No. 503. Linnajus wrote Tetrno umlieliux, masculine; but we see no reason whj
umbella, the noun feminine, should not be used with Bunasa ; it is equally good Latin.
The adjective umbellata would be preferable to either.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
95
566. Bonasa umbella uxnbello'ides (Dougl.) Bd. b 405*. c sssa. r 473a.
Gray Ruffed Grouse.
667. Bonasa umbella sabinii (Dougl.) Coues. b 406. c 3856. i; 4736.
Oregon Ruffed Grouse.
668. Lagopus albus (Gm.) Aud. B 4C7, 470 ?. c 386. R 474.
Willow Ptarmigan.
669. Lagopus rupestris (Gm.) Leach, b 468. c 387. R 475.
Rock Ptarmigan.
570. Lagopus leUCUrUS Sw. B 469. C 388. R 476.
White-tailed Ptarmigan.
671. Ortyx virginiana (L.) Bp. B471. c 389. R480.
Virginia Partridge; Quail; Bob-white.
672. Ortyx virginiana floridana Coues. b — . c 389a. R 480a.
Florida Partridge.
673. Ortyx virginiana texana (Lawr.) Coues. b 472. c 3896. r 4806.
Texas Partridge.
674. Orortyx picta (Dougl.) Bd. B 473. c 3oo. R 481.
Plumed Partridge ; California Mountain Quail.
676. Lophortyx californica (Shaw) Bp. b 474. c 391. r 482.
Crested Partridge; California Valley Quail.
676. Lophortyx gambeli Nutt. B 475. c 392. R 483.
Gambel's Crested Partridge; Arizona Quail.
677. Callipepla squamata (Vig.) Gr. b 476. c 393. r 484.
Scaled Blue Partridge.
VI'JO,
an
The
rliich
whj
566.
567.
568.
589.
570.
571.
572.
573.
574.
575.
576.
577.
B. u. Qm-b61-ia-i'-des. Lat. umbellus, which see, next above, and tlSot.
B. u. sa-bi'-nl-i. To J. Siibine.
L5g-5'-piSs al'-bQs. Gr. Ao>(4iroi;j, Lat. /(I(7o/)im, hare-foot ; Xa-ycvs, a hare, and iroDs, foot. —
Lat. iillms, wliite. For the length of the accented penult, see ArchUmteo, No. 525.
L. rO-pes'-trls. Late Lat. rupestris, pertaining to, or inliabiting, rocks; rtijies, a rock.
L. leu-cu'-riSs. Gr. Ktuno^, white, oJpo, tail.
Or'-tyx vir-gln-l-a'-n5. Gr. Sprv^, a quail; related to ipraXls; both are akin to Spi/is, a
bird. The word is masculine in Greek, but in transliteration into Latin becomes
feminine, like other nouns of same termination. — The Knglish word partridge, Scot.
patrick; Fr. perdrix. Span, prrdiz, Ital. perdice, Lat. perdix, Gr. irtpSi{, are all the same.
O. V. fl5-rl-da'-n5. To Florida.
O. V. tgx-a'-n5. To Texas.
0r-6r-tyx pic'-ta. Gr. upos, a mountain, and 6pTv^; see Oroscoptrs, No. 14. — Lat. pictns,
painted, de]>icted ; pim/o. I paint ; in allusion to the beautiful colors.
L6ph-8r'-tyx cii-T-f5r'-nI-c&. Gr. \6<pos, a crest, helmet, and opruf.
L. g5m'-b«l-i. To William Gambol, of Philadelphia. See Zonotrichia, No. 278.
Cai-ll-p5p'-15 squS-m3'-tS. Gr. KaK6%, feminine KaKK^h, and WirAot, a certain robe of
Btatc; KoAAiirfirAoi, beautifully robed, as this quail is. — Lat. sqiiaiimtn, squamous, scaled,
covered with scales, the peculiar colors presenting such an appearance; squama, a scale-
4't
f;
96
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
\.t
t
ill
Kimi
iiiTi'
!•
678. Cyrtonyx massena (Less.) Gould, b 477. c 394. u 488.
Masaena Partridge.
679. Cotumix dactylisonans Meyer, b — . c — . R — .
Migratory Quail (imported).
680. Squatarola helvetica (L.) Cuv. b 510. c 395. R 6i3.
Blaclc-bellled Plover; Biill-Iiead.
681. Charadrius dominicus Miill. b sos. c 390. R 515.
American Golden Plover.
682. Charadrius dominicus ftilvus (Gin.) Ridg. b — . c — . R 5i5o. (!a.)
Asiatic Golden Plover.
683. Charadrius pluvialis L. b — . c — . r 614. (a.)
European Golden Plover.
678. Cyr-t8'-nyx m3s-se'-nS. Gr. Kvprds, bent, curved, crooked, nnd Sfv^, a claw, nail ; related
to Lat. uncus, a liook. — To tlie French Marshal Andre Massena, I'rincc d'Essling.
679. C5-tQr'-nIx d3c-tj^l-I'-s6n-Sns. Lat. cotumix, a quail; onomatopwic, a sono vocia,
from the sound of the voice, just as wo have invented " bob-white " and " whip-poor-
will." — Lat. daclyllsonans, sounding a dactyle. The dactyle, in poetry, is afoot con-
sisting of a long and two sliort 8yllal>les ; from ScCktuAo;, t|ie finger, wliicli has a long
and two short joints. Sono, I sound ; sinwroiis, &e.
This bird, lately imported, has become naturalized, with the same right to a place
in the list that Passer domisticus has acquired.
680. SquS-tS-r8'-13 h8l-ve'-tl-c5. Of squatarola the authors learned little, until a note from
Professor Newton supplied the desired information, in substance as follows : As a
generic term it is of course from the Linnxan Tringa squatarola, and Linnirus obviously
got his trivial name from Willughby, who says (Ornith., ed. 1670, p. 229), — " Pluviulis
cinerea. Squatarola Venetiis dicta, ubi frequens est. The Gray IMovcr." The word is not
to be found in the best Italian dictionaries ; but Salvadori, in his Fauna d' Italia — Uccelli,
seems to acknowledge it as a genuine word ; though probably it is only local in its
application. It may possibly have to do with the regular Italian squartare, " to quarter."
— Lat. hf'lretira, from ancient Ilehetia, now Switzerland; the bird is still often called
" Swiss plover." The Helvetians were probably so called from their fairness, with
flaxen or auburn hair; helvus, helvcolus (related Ko gilvus), meaning some such color.
681. Ch5r-5d'-rI-iSs d6m-In'-I-ciSs. |CIi- hard; second syllable long.] Gr. xop'f'p'o*! some
kind of a bird, supposed to be a plover, and the same as rprfx'^*" ! from xapiipa, the
watery places inhabited by such birds. As used by Aristotle, the word apparently
refers to Oedicnemus crepitans. — Lat. dominicus, see Dendraca, No. 129.
This stands as C. fnlviis var. vinjinicus in the orig. ed., but Midler's name has
priority over Gmelin's. See Ridg., Pr. Nat. Mus., li, 1880, p. 9; and Cassin, Pr. Phila.
Acad., 1864, p. 246.
682. C. d. fai'-vfla. Lat. //(/cms, fulvous, yellow.
Not in the orig. ed. Since discovered in Alaska. See Coues, in Elliot's Prybilov
Report, 1875, 179; and Birds N. W., 1874, p. 450, note.
683. C. plQv-I-S'-lIs. Lat. pluvialis, rainy, pertaining to rain, bringing rain ; pluria, rain ; pltio,
to rain : the bird was supposed in some way related to rain or the rainy season : " plover"
is the same.
Not in the orig. ed. ; ascertained to occur in Greenland ; see Newt., Man. N. H.
Greenl., 1875, p. 101 ; Freke, Zoiilogist, September, 1881, p. 874.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
97
Its
itly
bilov
H.
534. JSgialites vocifenis (L.) Cass. B604. c 397. R6I6.
Klldeer Ring Plover.
585. ^gialites wilsonius (Ord) Cass, b 506. c 398. k 622.
Wilson's Ring Plover.
686. ^gialites semipalmatus (Bp.) Cab. b 507. c 399. r 517.
Semipalmated King Plover; Ring-neclc.
587. ^gialites melodus (Ord) Cab. b bos. c 400, 400a. r 520.
Piping King Plover; Ring-necl£.
588. ^gialites melodus circvimcinctus Ridg. B — . c 400a. R 820a. (?)
Belted Piping Plover.
589. ^gialites hiaticula (L.) Boie. b — . c — . R sis.
European Ring Plover.
590. ^gialites curonicus (Gm.) Gra^'. b — . C4006t». R519.
European Lesser Ring Plover.
591. ^gialites cantianus nivosus (Cass.) Coues. b bo9. C40i. R621.
Snowy Ring Plover.
5S4, A6g-I-5'-lI-t5s v5-cI'-fer-Qs. Gr. edyia\lry\i, masculine, or aXyiaKlrn, feminine, or tdyta.-
\tvs, an inhabitant of the seasliore ; alyia\6s, the coast, from tiie breakin)$ of the waves
upon it (Aycu/ui). The name is very appropriate to these beach-birds. Both forms,.
mjialitM, masculine, and <Ff/ialitis, feminine, are in common use ; either is perfectly
correct; but as Boie wrote (Ff/ialitea originally, this form should be preserved. — Lat.
vocifirus, vociferous; vox, genitive vocis, voice, and fero, I bear; vox digammated
from £iff.
585, A. wIl-sOn'-T-iSs. To Alexander Wilson.
533. A. sem-I-p51-m5'-tiSs. Lat. semi, half; sibilated from Gr. ^jui, hemi-, a contraction of
Vifnavs, lialf, and palmatus, palmated, web-footed ; palina, the palm of the hand, the hand
itself; from Gr. iraKdfiri, of same meaning. The bird is conspicuously webbed between
the toes, in comparison witli its allies.
587. A. mCl-S'-diSs. Lat. melodus, Gr. fieK'fSSs, melodious, sweetly singing ; fitKos, melody, a.d
wSti, a song, an ode. (Notice the long o, being in place of the Gr. omega with iota
subscript.)
688. A. m. cir-cutn-cinc'-tQs. Lat. ciVcum, around ; cmrtw*, bolted, girded. See Parus, No. 52.
The black is said to form a complete necklace.
589. A. h!-a-tI'-ciS-ia. Of this word we can give no satisfactory account. It is " classic " in
ornithology, going back for over two centuries ; in form, it is a diminutive of hiatus,
from hio, I yawn, gape.
Not in the orig. ed. Since ascertained to inhabit Continental North America, as
well as long known in Greenland. See Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Club, iii, 1878, p. 49 seq.
590. A. cO-rfln'-I-cQs. Lat. Ciironinis, Curonian, of the region formerly called Curonia.
The bird described as yJ-J^. mirrorhynrhis, Ridg., Am. Nat., viii, 1874, p. 109, has since
been identified with the above. See Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 10 ; 1881, p. 67. The bird
is very questionably North American.
691. A. cSn-tl-a'-nQs nTv-8'-stSs. Lat. Cantianus, Kentish. — Lat. nivosus, snowy, in allusion
to the color ; nix, genitive nivis, snow ; Gr. •>(i|>, fi^o't, snow.
I r ^
m
'
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
S';,'
;
u
:i
'i
592. Podasocys inontanus (Towns.) Coues. B sos. c 402. R 623.
Mountain Plover.
693. Vanellus cristatus Me3er. b — . c — . r 812. (G.)
Lapwing.
694. Aphriza virgata (Gm.) Gray. B6II. c 403. r 6II.
Surf Bird.
695. Haematopus ostrilegus L. b — . c — . r coe. (0.)
European Oyster-catclier.
596. Haematopus palliatus Tcmm. b 612. c 404. r S07.
American Oyster-catcher.
597. Haematopus niger Fall, b 513. c 405. r sos.
Blacit Oyster-catclier.
598. Strepsilas interpres (L.) III. b sis. c 406. r soo.
Turnstone.
599. Strepsilas interpres melanocephalus (Vig.) Coucs. b sio. c 406a. r sio.
Bladc-iieaded Turnstone.
im
Ir?'
I' ' ^!
J i-'.
Hi
692. P6d-5s-8'-cys mSn-tS'-nfis. The word Podasocys is simply the transliteration of the
familiar Homeric epithet of Achilles, " swift as to his feet " — wdSas ukvs 'AxiWtis. —
Lat. montaniui, pertaining to mountains.
693. VS-nSl'-liSs cris-t5'-tQs. Lat. vmus, empty, void, vain, whence vanellus, as a diminutive,
for the restless, idle, and noisy bird. " In the spring the wanton lapwing gets himself
another crest." (Tennyson.) — Lat. cristalus, crested.
Not in the orig. ed. Only North American as occurring in Greenland. See Rcinh.,
Ibis, 1801, p. 0.
604. Aph-ri'-z5 vir-gS'-t5 Gr. &<pp6s, surf, sea-foam, and (da, I live; badly formed, but
euphonious. Compare Ajihioilite, the Greek Venus, foam-formed. Audubon, who
invented the word, gives the above etymology ; but Wharton's MS. suggests more
direct derivation from a<ppl(tii, I foam. — Lat. virgata, 8trii)ed, streaked ; vhija, a rod,
green sprout, osier ; from rireo, I am green.
595. Ha5m-5t'-8-pus Ss-trI'-18-gQs. Gr. al/xaToirovs, red-footed ; ofjuo, genitive oT/tarot, blood,
and irovs, foot. The word is commonly but wrongly accented on the penult ; but that
would be ai'/uarcuiri^t, meaning red-eyed. — Lat. ostira, an oyster, and lego, I collect,
gather. Conmionly written ostrateijus ; but the above seems to be the correct form,
agreeable yi'\\h fnuiilefins, for example, and conformable with the actual word ostriferus
in the following lines : —
Quiim quibus in patriam vcntosa per tequora vectis,
Pontus et osti-i/eri fauces tentantur Abydi. — Verg., Georg., i, 200, 207.
Not in orig. ed. Only North American as occurring in Greenland. See Ibis, 1801, p. 9.
596. H. pal-II-S'-tQs. Lat. palllalu.i, wearing the pdllium, a kind of cloak; to "palliate" is
literally to hide, cover up as with a cloak. The allusion here is to the particular colora-
tion of the bird. See Contopus, No. 380.
607. H. nlg'-8r. Lat. ni'grr, black.
698. Strep'-sM3s in-t5r'-pres. Gr. <TTpi<pa>, future trrp^u, I turn ; ijTp^n, a turning over ;
and aSi, a stone ; literally " turn-stone." — Lat. interpres, a go-between, factor, broker,
agent; literally, nn interpreter, that is, inter-prator \ prtetor, a Roman magistrate, from
pro: and to, I go before.
699. S. i. mCl-Sn-fi-ceph'-Sl-iis. Gr. h4k<is, genitive fi^Kai/of, black, and Kf^aA^, head.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
99
600. Reourvirostra amerioana Gm. b sit. c 407. r 066.
American Avocet.
601. Himantopus mezicanus (Mull.) Ord. b sis. c 408. R S67.
Black-necked Stilt.
602. Steganopus wilsoni (Sab.) Coues. b si9. c 409. R ses.
WllsoD^s Phalarope.
603. Lobipes hyperboreus (L.) Cuv. b B20. c 410. u og4.
Northern Phalarope; Red-necked Phalarope.
604. Phalaropus fUlicarius (L.) Bp. b 021. c 411. r ses.
Red Phalarope; Gray Phalarope.
605. Philohela minor (Gm.) Gr. b 522. c 412. r 025.
American Woodcock.
606. Scolopax nisticula L. b — . c 413. r 524. (! e.)
European Woodcock.
a
■ to
.14 1
» » I 1
.>'
} 3 < a
* « 3
■'.-:
18
bra-
icr;
roiu
600. Re-cflr-vI-r6s'-trS Sm-Cr-I-ca'-nS. Lat. recurvus, bent upward, recurved, and rostrum,
beak : as the bill of the avocet notably is. — The English word is either avocet ur avuget,
the meaning of which we know not.
601. Hlm-Sn' tc'-pOs mSx-I-cS'-nQs. Gr. tfiavrdirovs, Lat. himantopus, the stilt, from Ifiit,
genitive inivros, and iroCs, foot. Tlic former word means a thong or strap ; applied to
this bird on account of its very long leatliery legs like straps. Commonly accented on
the penult ; see Conlopiis, No. 380.
This stands as 11. niijricollia of tlic orig. cd.; sec Cassin, Fr. Phila. Acad., 18G4, p. 240.
60S. StSg-Sn'-C-pfls wll'-sSn-i. Gr. artyavSirovi, web-footed; <ntycai6s, webbed; oTc^cd^, a
web ; o-Tcvw, I cover, roof in, and iroCs, foot. Commonly accented on the penult ; see
Conto/nis, No. 380.
603. Lflb'-I-p€s hy-pSr-bflr'-e-iis. Gr. \o$6s, Lat. lobus, a lobe, flap, and Lat. pes, foot ; " lobe-
foot," in allusion to the flaps on the toes. — Lat. lii/fierboreus, Gr. {nrtp$6pfos, hyperborean,
in the extreme north, "beyond the north wind," in the sense of where the north wind
comes from.
604. PhSl-Sr'-O-pQs fQl-I-cS'-rl-Qs. Gr. <t>a\apls, the coot, so called from the conspicuous
white of the bill, ^<xKap6s meaning white, bright, clear, &c. ; and iroGr, foot ; phalaropua
is " coot-foot ; " the plialarope was early called " coot-footed tringa," from the flaps on
the toes, like those of a coot. The full form of the word would be plinlaridopus. — Lat.
fidicarius, relating to a coot ; the specific name being derived, like the generic, from the
lobate feet. See also Fulim, No. 080. See Contopus, No. 380.
605. PhIl-6'-htl-5 mln'-5r. Gr. <pl\oi, loving, or a lover, and t'Aoi, a swamp. Commonly
accented on a wrongly lengtliened penult. — Lat. minor, comparative degree of parvus,
smaller (than the European woodcock).
606. Scfil'-fi-pSx rQs-tl'-cQ-lS. Gr. OKoK6iral, Lat. scoIofKix, a snipe; the name of this very
species. The dictionaries give it as a theme, and any possible derivation is open to
conjecture, cf. o-icoAoi^, from the shape of the bill (most likely) ; vKtliKri^, a worm ;
(TKiKKti, I scratch. — Lat. rusticus,a, rustic, a countryman; diminutive rusticulus; from
rus, the country, as opposed to the city. The word occurs as rusllcola in Linnxus, and
has so almost universally been written ; but as Wharton shows (Ibis, 1870, p. 453), this
is erroneous. The word would be ruricola, if from rus and colo, I inhabit, liusticula is
good Latin, and the epithet of " little countryman " U very appropriate to the bird.
« a . .
'i>
"K-.
100
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
» • I • I
i I
i ■ 1 t I I I I
'1:1 ;;;;:
607. Gallinago media Lcaeh. b — . c — . r s26. (o.)
European Snipe.
608. Gallinago wilsoni (Tonira.) lip. b b23. c 414. r 52«a.
American Snipe; Wilson's Snipe.
600. Maororhamphus griseus ((fin.) I^cach. b S24. c 4ia. R 027.
Red-breasted Snipe; Gray-bacl( Snipe; Dowltclier.
610. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say) Coucs. bs20. C4isa. R627a.
'Western Red-breasted Snipe.
61 1. Micropalama himantopus (Bp.) Bd. b 636. c 416. R 628.
stilt Sandpiper.
612. Ereunetes pusillus (L.) Cass. B6»6. C417. R641.
Semipalmated Sandpiper.
613. Ereunetes pusillus occidentalis (Lawr.) Coucs. b — . c 4i7a. b 64ia. (?)
Western Semipalmated Sandpiper.
614. Aotodromas minutilla (V.) Coues. b 632. c 418. R 638.
Least Sandpiper.
616. Aotodromas bairdi Coues. b — . c 419. R 637.
Balrd's Sandpiper.
|!i ;;i
' .'I,
m
i s.i
ur
007. Q31-lIn-5'-gS m6d'-I-S. Lat. (jalhts, a cock, gallina, a h3n, gnllinula, a chicken, gnllinariu*
or gallinaceiis, relating to poultry ; the pri-gent word is an arbitrary dcrivntivc, as a
Latin word, tliougli tlic forms gdlliimiio, gnllinmn, and otiiers are found in different lan-
guages. It is formed from gallina like fiingillitgo from fn'ngilta, or like virago from fir.
— Lat. mcdiiis, median, medium, in the middle (in size, between certain other species).
Not in the orig. ed. ; only North American as occurring in Greenland.
008, O. wll'.s6n-l. To Alexander Wilson.
000. MSc-rd-rh3m'-phQs grIs'-e-Qs. Gr. /laicpSs, great, large, long; and pdn<pos, beak, bill.
Notice that tlie ^ is n8])irated, requiring to be followed by k, as many writers forget.
— Griseus, gray, grisly, grizzly ; not classic; a late Latinizing of an Anglo-Saxon word;
compare Fr. gris and Gr. ypavs or yprivs, yfpat6s, ytpas or yripas — all these relate to age,
wlien people grow gray. The word " grous " or " grouse," " the gray bird," may be
related. See lA'.iicosHcte, No. 205.
010. M. g. sc6I-d-pa'-ce-Qs. The word is formed as an adjective from scolopax, which see,
No. 606 ; scolopaceous, scolopacine, snipe-like.
611. Mic-r6-pSl'-S-mS hlm-an'-tfl-pQs. Gr. fiinpSi, small, and iraxdfiri, the palm, the hand;
same as the Lat. /(a/»ia; referring to the webbing between the toes. — Ilimaiitopus, see
No. 601.
612. E-rcQ-n6'-t5s pfis-il'-lfis. Or. ipevmiT'fis, a searcher; from the way in which the bird
probes with its bill. — Lat. pusillus, puerile ; see Silla, No. (!0.
013. E. p. ac-cl-den-ta'-lls. Lat. occidentalis, western. See Dendrnrca, No. 113.
014. Ac-ta'-drfim-Ss mln-Q-til'-ia. Gr. iwr^, the seashore ; from Hyvvnt, S^oi, I break, as the
waves do there; Spofids, rapidly running- see Ammodramus, No. 2.38, and Eudromias,'So.
591. — Lat. minutus, small, minute, diminutive, of which minutilla Is an arbitrary diminu-
tive ; minuo, I lessen, diminish ; it ought to have been minutula.
015. A. bair'di. To S. F. Baird.
I;n
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
101
616. Actodromas maculata (V.) Coues, B63i. C420. K634.
roctoral Sandpipei*.
617. Actodromas bonapartii (Schl) Coucs. b 533. C42i. u sao.
Wblte-rumpod Sandpiper.
618. Actodromas cooperi (IJcl.) Cones, b 527. c 422. r 535. (?)
Coopor'8 Sandpiper.
619. Actodromas acuminata (Ilorsf.) Ridg. b — . c — . u 633. (J a.)
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
620. Arquatella maritima (BrUim.) Bd. b 628. c 423. u 530.
Purple Sandpiper.
621. Arquatella couesi Ridg. b— . c— . U63i.
Aleutian Sandpiper.
622. Arquatella ptilocnemis (Coucs) Ridg. b — . c i26bu. n 632.
Prybilov Sandpiper.
623. Pelidna alpina (L.) Bole, b — . c — . u 639. (o.)
European Dunlin.
AU-
610. A. tn3-cQl-3'-tS. Lat. nmcu/ddM, spotted ; macu/a, a spot.
617. A. bS-nS-par'-tl-!. To Charles Lucicn Bonaparte, Prince of Musignano and Canino.
618. A. co8p'-6r-!. To William Cooper, Esq. Only one specimen known.
619. A. Sc-Q-ml-na'-tS. Lat. aruminata, acuminate, sharpened, from acumino; like acuUata
from aciileus. See Siltn, No. 58.
Not in the orig. ed. Since observed at St. Michael's, Alaska. Sec Pr. Nat. Mus.,
iii, 1880, p. 222.
620. Ar-qu5-tel'-15 mSr-It'-I-m5. Arqiiatflln, for arruatnla, is an arl)itrary diminutive of arf/wt-
tiis, lient, bowed : tliis is poor Latin for arciuittis, curved, arcuate ; nrcno, I liend ; arctis,
a bow, an arc. It refers to the sliglitly curved bill. — Lat. mariliinus, maritime ; mare,
the sea.
621. A. m. cou5s'-i. To Dr. Elliott Coucs, U. S. A. The name of this person is Xorman-
French, and is still not infrequently found in the nortii of France, jjronounced in two
syllables, with the grave accent on tiie last : Cou-es — Coo-iiyz. On the removal of his
ancestors to the Isle of Wight, the pronunciation naturally became corrupted into Coir:.
Tiie original spelling, thnngli sometimes chnngod to Coires, has been preserved in the
family, no grown male members of wiiich are known to be living in the United States
excepting the person here in mention ami his brother, Dr. S. F. Coues, U. S. N. The
meaning of the word is unknown to us.
Not in the orig. ed. Since described, from Alaska. Bull. Nutt. Club, v, 1880, p. 100.
622. A. m. ptn-5c-n5'-nits. Gr. tttIkov, a feather, and Kvriinis, n greave, boot ; the crus being
feathered to the heel.
This is the Triiujn crasslrostn's of the orig. ed., very wrongly so named ; also, it is
T. fjracllls, Harting. See Coues, Elliott's Prybilov Islands, 1875.
623. PCl-Id'-n5 al-pi'-nS. ? Gr. rtXiivSt, gray ; from ire'Aoi, some dark color. — Lat. Alpina,
Alpine ; Alpcs, Alps. See Eremo/ihila, No. 82.
Not in the orig. ed. of the Check List. Only North American as occurring in Green-
land. See Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, p. 103, where the Dunlin of
Greenland is recognized as distinct from var. americana.
i'
•;!
h
u
102
CHECK LIST OF NOItTII AMERICAN BIRDS.
I >'■
'ill
lif h
\l :
1. ' ^
■'•■ f
r*-
624. Pelidna alpina americana (Cass.) Allen, b sso. C424. u 030a.
Atnerlcun Duullu.
625. Anoylochilus subarquatus (GUld.) Kuup. b 620. c 425. ii 540.
Curlew Suudpiper.
626. Tringa canutus L. n 620. o 420. u 520.
I{od«breu8ttt(l Sandpiper; Uoblu Suipe; Knot. [Sec Aildonda, No. 831.
627. Calidris arenaria (L.) 111. fi 034. c 427. u 542.
Sanderling.
628. Limosa foeda (L.) Ord. b 047. c 428. u 543.
Great 31arbled Godwlt.
629. Limosa haemastica (L., 1758) Coucs. u 648. c 429. R 545.
Hudsoulan tiodwit.
624.
625.
P. a. im-er-I-ca'-na. See Parula, No. 03.
An-cy-lO-chl'-liSs sQb-Sr-qua'-tQs. Gr. iyKu\6x*i\ot, having a curved bill: iyKiXos,
crooked, bent, from hyKiiv, tlie bent elbow, ami x<<'Aoti 'I'c niov.i.. , from a word signify-
ing to oi)en, to gnpe. — Lat. suUtri/uatiis, slightly curved ; see Anjuatella, No. 020.
626. Trin'-gS can-Q'-tQs. Lat. Innija, or trym/a, or tri/mjas, a sandpiper ; not classic. Derived
from Gr. rp6yyas, nn obscure and obsolete word, occurring in Aristotle as the name of
some unknown bird. The species was very aptly named by Linnicus after old King
Canute, who, it is said, sat on the seashore and allowed the waves to reach him, to
rebuke his toadying courtiers who had declared the sea would obey his majesty, — a
myth according well with the liabits of sandpipers. — Cannliis, if it has any relation
with, or is of same meaning as caims, gray, hoary, iroKios, is well suited either to the
old king, or to this sandpiper in its winter dress.
6S7> CaUid'>rIs i-rS-nS'-rl-S. Gr. <TKa\lipts or KoKlipis, Lat. sealidris or calidris, an obscure
Aristotelian bird, by some sujjposed to be the modern totanus calidris. The word is
apparently from aKoKis, some digging instrument, from vKdWai, I scra])e, rake, &c., and
refers to the same probing habits of this sandpiper that erciimtis signalizes. But the
form CImlidris also occurs, as in Belon for example ; whence some refer the word to the
Gr. xi.\il, Lat. calx, calculus, &c., considering that it alludes to the pebbly or shinp'"
beaches which the bird frequents. — Lat. nrt««nH.<(, relating to sand; (Jivho, sand, v.. a
sandy place, as the arena was, where gladiatorial and other sports were witnessed by
the Hoinan brutes.
628. Li-mS'-sS fo5'-d5. Lat. limosus, miry, muddy ; litnus, mud, slime. — We can learn nothing of
any such word asjidoa, and take it to be a misprint or other mistake for fwdus, -a, -urn,
ugly, unseemly, &c. It might be supposed to have some relation tn/adus, a coni])act,
treaty, the sense of which is seen in federal, confederate, &c., and the application of which
would be to the gregariousness of the bird. But fadus, in the latter sense, is not an
adjective ; it is fmbis,ftderis, and the adjectival form would he federaius ; while there is
an adjective fidiis, ugly, as well as a verb fido, to defile, the j)articipial of which is
fvdatus. In view of these facts, we propose to substituto/a'f/a iorfedmt, until some satis-
factory explanation of the latter can be given. Fedoa occurs at least as far back as
Edwards as the name of this species, and has since passed unchallenged.
629. L. haSm-3s'-tI-cS. Gr. ai/iao-riKiis or ainartKii, hosniastic or hxmatic, of a bloody-red
color ; aiixdaau, I make bloody ; af/io, blood ; referring to the red under parts, so con-
spicuous in this species.
This stands as L, hudsonica in the orig. ed. See Coues, Bull. Nutt. Club, t, 1880,
p. 100.
1 ii ■ .t
CUECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
103
an
is
is
ti8-
as
red
!on-
880,
630. Limosa eegooephala (L.) Leach. B — . c — . R 540. (o.)
Black-talle<l Oodwit.
631. Limosa uropygialis Gould. B— •. c 4W. R 644. (!a.) ,
Wtalte-rumped Godwit.
632. Symphemia semipalmata (Gm.) Ilartl. b 6.17. c 431. r 553.
Semipalmated Tattler ; Willet.
633. Totanus melanoleucus (Cim.) V. b 530. c 432. r 548.
Greater Tattler; Stone Snipe.
634. Totanus flavipes (Gm.) V. b 540. c 433. r 649.
Lesser Tattler; Yellowslianks.
636. Totanus glottis (L.) Bochst. b 838. c 434. R 547. (!e.)
Greenshanks.
636. Rhyacophilus ochropus (L.) RUlg. b — . c — . r 551. (!i:.)
Green Sandpiper.
637. Rhyacophilus solitarius (Wils.) Bp. b 541. c 435. r oso.
Solltai'y Tattler.
638. Tringoldes macularius (L.) Gr. B 643. c 43«. r s57
Spotted Tattler; Spotted Sandpiper.
630. L. aCg-d-cCph'-S-IS. Gr. alyoK^<pa\os, nn Aristotelian epitliet of some unknown bird ; it
literiilly means "goat-lieadeil," but wliat npplieation? Al)out tlie miildle of tlu' sixtcfntli
century it was applied by Belon to a species of Limnsa, perliaps from tlie cry of the bird
being fancied like the bleating of a goat ; " bleating " is a term in every -day use now to
express the peculiar sounds made by some snipes. — The curious English \\\in\ ijml wit
is derived l>y Johnson from Anglo-Saxon <jnd, good, and iciht, animal : by others from
god, and veide., game; latter not unlikely.
N( t in the orig. ed. Only North American as a straggler to Greenland.
631. L. a-rC-py-gl-a'-lIs. See Cen<MnM, No. 452.
632. Sym-phE'-ml-S sem-I-p3l>m3'-ta. Or. trinpriiit ; iriv, with, and (pitftt, I speak ; alluding to
the noisy concerts of the birds. — Lat. semiimhmiUi, half webbed : see .Ei/inlilrn, No. o84.
" Willet" is derived from the sound of the bird's voice; sometimes written " pilwillet."
633. T8-ta'-niSs mel-Sn-d-lcQ'-cQs. Totanus is Latinized from the Italian tot<wo, a name of
some bird of the kind. We suppose it should be accented on a lengthened penult. —
Gr, fit\as, genitive /ut'^acoi, black, and \tvK6s, white.
634. T. fla'-vl-p6s. Lat. y?((iv(s, yellow; /)cs, foot.
635. T. glSt'-tls. Gr. ^Aio-o-a or yKurra, the tongue ; referring to the noisiness of the bird.
This is given in the orig. ed. as Tntumis citloro/ms.
636. R. 8ch'-r8-pils. Gr. uxp6s, pale, sallow, wan, and irovt, foot. From this word come
Lat. ochra, and our ochre, oi-hrrnus, orhnicrous, as names of some dull yellowish color.
Linnx'Us had originally orrophus by misprint.
Not in the orig. ed. Since found in Nova Scotia as a straggler from Europe. See
Bull. Nutt. Club, iii, 1878, p. 49.
637. Rhy-5-ca'-phTl-{ls sfil-I-ta'-rl-fls.. C -.{, genitive pvaxos, a stream, brook ; p^u or ^vm,
I flow ; and (pt\of, loving, loved, a l«»ver. — Lat. solitarius, solitary ; solus, alone.
638. Trin-gfi-i'-dSs in5c-fll-a'-rI-Gs. See Trinf)a, No. 623, and add tltot, resemblance. Note
that the word is in four syllables, accented on the penult. — Lat. macularius, not classic ;
like maculatus and maculosus, spotted ; macula, a spot.
■i!
i:!
II''
mi
104
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
639. Machetes pugnax (L.) Cuv. b 544. c 437, ii r.54. (!e.)
Ruff(cJ); Reeve (9).
640. Bartramia longicauda (Bcchst.) Cones, n 545. c 438. R 855.
Itartramian Tattler.
641. Tryngites rufescens (V.) Cab. B 646. c 439. R 55c.
Biift-brenstcd Sandpiper.
642. Heteroscelus incanus (Gm.) Cones. B 542. c 440. R 553,
V lulering Tattler.
643. Numonius longirostris Wils. b 540. c 441. r oss.
Long-billed Curlew.
644. Numenius phaeopus (L.) Lath. B — . c — . R sci. (0.)
European Whimbrel.
630. Mach-5'-tcs pug'-nax. Or. /uaxr;T^t, a fi(il)tcr, cotiibntiint, in nllusion to tlic pu<jnni'ity of
tht> iniile in tlio bri-oding sinisoii ; /uoxo/uai, I fiijlit ; naxri. a biitllo. — I<at. pwjmix, ])ut;na-
cious, combative ; /(H'/do, I Hi;lit ; /m'/H'i, a battlo ; jyroporly, listiciiffs, as tiio jji'linilivo
niodi' of ti^hting; ftwjmtm, the fist; root pmj, wlience come the wiiole set of words, and
otiiers, as l>!l'Jiii!l, &f.
640. B5r-traivi'-I-a lon-gl-cafld'-S. To Williani Hartram, " pranilfatlior of Aiiiorican orni-
tliolo};y." — I'lie usual >;eiierif raine, nclitunis, is froui tlio (ir. okti'tjjs, a doer by tlu' sea,
a beacii-inhabiter, a " ioiiKsliorenian," from o«n^, the seasiuire, and oSpo, tail. — Lat.
10111)11.1, long, and rnndu, tail.
This is Arliliiriis hmimmliis of the orig. ed. See Coucs, Bull. Nutt. Club, v, 1880,
p. 100.
641. Tryn'-gl-tes ru-fes'-cens. See '/V/ik/h, No. 020, Here we have another form of the word,
nearer the original Gr. rpvyyas, with the termination -ttjs, tes; this sullix eonnnonly
denoting active ageney, as the English -or, for example, makes worker from work. —
T^at. rii/'ismis, present participle of rnf"! sro, I grow reddish.
643. H6t-6-r6'-sc61-us in-can'-us. Gr. tVfpoj, opposite, ilifferent, otherwise, and a-Kf\os, the
leg, shin ; from the peculiar seutellation of the leg. — Lat. incnniis, very gray, quite
hoary, as the bird is : in and ctiims.
643. Nu-m5'-nT-fls 15n-gl-r5s'-trls. A curious etymology is this, if the derivation assigned be
true. Gr. vtos, new, young, and /u^i/, a month, nvvri. the moon; the narrow arcuate bill
being likeneil to the new crescent moon. The same word is seen in mrni.iriis, a kind of
lens, but primarily ami literally a little moon. Hut numniinx miglit also be derived
directly from immi'ii, a nod, a bending of the head downward and forward (lience assent,
command, and hence a divinity, who nods .■issent or expresses its will by s.ich gesture) ;
Gr. vfviia, a nod, vtvai, I nod; very applicable to the attitude of the bird. Whi<'hever
of these derivations we approve, they aniount to practically the same thing; for iiiiniriiius
••ertainly refers to the shape of the bill, being used by the ornithologists of the heroic
ago as synonymous witli arquaUi or nroitiln. — Lat. Iimijimatris, long-billed; loiiiiiis and
rnntnim. — "Curlew" is not an imitation of the binl's voice, but a mangling of the
French name (onr-Hfii, "run-place," from the coursing of the birds; compare coiirlis,
roiirli/, coitrlaii, rocnrli. &c.
644. N. pha5'-8-pQs. Gr. (pat6s, dark colored, dusky, graj', swarthy ; its exact meaning is
expressed when we say " gray of the morning: " related to <palya>, I appear; iroPt, foot.
" Whimbrel " is apparently Anglo-Saxon; related to whim, whimsical, in the sense of
flighty, a gadabout.
Not in the orig. ed. Only Nortlt American as a bird of Greenland.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEItlCAN BIRDS.
105
645. Numenius hudsonicus Lath. B .wo. c 442. u ."sso.
Iliiilsonian Curlew.
640. Numenius borealis (Forst.) Lath. Bcsi. c 443. u sco.
Eskimo Curlew.
647. Numenius ta'itensis (Gm.) Lath, n — . C442m«. U662. (!a.)
Otahiti Curlew.
648. Tantalus loculator L. B 497. c 444. R 500.
Wood Ibis.
649. Plegadis falcinellus (L.) Kaup. n 500. c 445. ii 503.
<i1ossy Ibis.
650. Plegadis guarauna (L.) Ridg. b — . c 445tM, 443/tT. u 504.
White-faced Glossy ibis.
651. Eudocimus albus (L.) WagL B 499. c 440. u 501.
White Ibis.
.ly
tlic
luite
dbe
bin
I'nt,
|iro) ;
,>vi'r
loroic
nt\d
the
hiirlis,
m IS
I foot.
645
646
647
N. htSd-sSn'-I-ciSs. To Hudson's Bay, aftor Ilcnry Hudson.
N. bfir-6-a'-lIs. Lat. horcalis, northern ; Imras, the northwind.
N. t5-I-ten'-sTs. Of Otahcitc, one of the Society or Friendly Islands. The original orthoR-
rapliy, ^i/i'V/cHs/.s-, is resolvable into tlie above, whicli is less barbarous in sound and look.
Though named for the island called in Knglish Otalieite, or better Otahiti, tlie first syl-
lable is to be dropped as being merely the definite article the. It is the native name
0-tahiti, r/ip-island ; i'. e., the principal island.
This is N.fi'iimntlis, IVale, of the orig. ed.. Appendix.
648. Tan'-tai-Qs IS-cfl-'a'-tor. Or. ToktoAos, Tantalus, tho Thrygian king, who, admitted to
the council.s of the gods, betrayed their secrets, and was tormented, " tantalized," with
food and water in sight but unattainable. — hat. locits, a place; hnihis, a little place,
division, compartment ; lociihlus or Inriilosiis, furnished with compartments, full of
" pigeon-holes " ; but iju. lociilalor and its apj)lication to this bird ?
649. Ple'-g5-dTs fal-cIn-el'-lQs. Or. irKriyds, a scythe, sickle, from irXi^n-irai or itX^tto), I strike.
The actual form, Plcijadis, may be a diminutive; if so, it is exactly Oreek for the quasi-
Lsit'mfiilriii<llus,fiilriciilii, or/iilntiiculiif!, a little scythe, small hook ; fiil.r, a rea))ing-hook
or any thing of thtit/nlratc sha])c, as the bill of this bird is. See Folcn, No. 408.
This stands in the orig. eel. as Ihis fiilrii.cllKS var. (irilii. But it has proved to bo not
satisfactorily distinguisheil from the Kuropean form ; while as to the generic designa-
tion, see Ibis, 1878, p. 112.
650. P. gfl-5-raQ -n5. A barbarous word, of some South Artiorican (Brazilian) dialect. It
occurs as such in Marcgrave and other early ornitliologists.
This stands as Itiis iiiinraniia in the orig. ed. ; see No. (UO. The fhis thdlasKinuK of
Ridg., Am. Nat., viii, 1874, p. 110, inserted in the Appendix of the orig. ed. as No. ■iiiitrr,
proves to be the young of this species: see Cones, Bull. U. S. (ieol. and Oeogr. Siirv.
Terr., iv, No. 1, 1878, p. 67.
651. EQ-dflc'-I-miis Sl'-bQs. Or. :fiti6Ktiiot, well-tried; hence, approved, famous, of high
repute; from fv, well, and SJki^uoi, assayeil and found acceiitable; Stxonat, I accept.
The this or Wu of the ancients (not this species) was a celebrated and sacred bird; it
was the Kgyptian bird, now called Hits (vtliinjiird. — Lat. nllnis, white.
This is fills iilhit in the orig. ed. See Klliot, Ibis, 1877, p. 482.
'• 'rf
106
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEIilCAN lilBDS.
■i:
! i'
t}\
■hi
ill 'ij. ^j
'^
655; Eudocimus ruber (L.) Wagl. b 498. c 447. r 602.
Scarlet Ibis.
653. Ajaja- rosea (Briss.) Reich. B 501. c 448. R 505.
Roseate SpoonbilL
654. Mycteria americana L. b — . c 4486,«. r 499. (!m.)
American Jablru.
65j5. Ardea herodias L. b 487. c 449. r 487.
Great Blue Heron.
656. Ardea occidentalis And. b 488, 489. c 450, 451. R 486.
Great White Heron ; Florida Heron.
657. Ardea cinerea L. b — . c — . r 488. (g.)
European Blue Heron.
658. Herodias egretta (Gm.) Gr. b 48g, 48C*. c 452. R 480.
Great White Egret.
659. Garzetta candidissima (Gm.) Bp. b 485. c 453. r 490.
Little White Egret; Snowy Heron.
660. Hydranassa tricolor (Miill.) Ridg. b 484. c 454. r 492.
Louisiana Heron.
652. E. rOb'-Cr. Lat. ruber, red. This is This rtihra in the orig. cd.
653. A jaja r5'-s6-5. Lat. rasnts or rosacnts, rosy, rosc-rcd ; rosa, a rose ; related to Gr. p6Sov ;
see for iiistanee in rlwdocnlims, rnse-breasteil. — Ai"j" •"" "./'"" or aiain or ni/ai/a is tlie old
Brazilian name of tliis bird, of signification and pronunciation alike unknown to us.
Tills stands as PIntuka ajdjn in tlie orig, ed. ; fur the change of this long-standing
name, see Kidg., I'r. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, p. 10.
654. Myc-t5'-rl-5 5m-er-I-ca'-n5. Gr. nmritp, the nose, sncnt; ;uu(fT»;p(^«, literally, "I work
tiie nose," /. p., turn up the nose at, sneer, scorn, deride, &e. ; well applied to the expres-
sion of this ugly bird.
655. Ar'-de-5 hCr-5'-dI-5s. Lat. artiea, a heron. — Gr. 4pwiMs, ipaiSds, or iptiStos, a heron.
Tliere is also a proper name I/innlias.
656. A. oc-cl-dgn-ta'-lls. Sec iMmhnva, No. 11.3.
NoTK. — The Anlia wiivilcmdiiiii of the orig. ed. is a dichroism of tills species. See
Ridg., Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv. No. 1, 1878, p. 227.
657. A. cTn-6r'-6-5. Lat. rincrem, ashy. See Ilwimrhjinrhns, No 22.
Not in the orig. ed. Only North American ns occurring in Greenland. See Reinh.,
Ibis, 1801, p. !».
658. Her-6'-dI-5s 5-gret'-t5. Latin proper name Hrrodias: see Ardea, No. 055. — Fiprtla is
Latinized from the French nir/nttc, a toji-knot, plume; whence also ei/nl. These words
are said to be related to heron itself, all springing from (). II. G. fiici/ro, a heron.
659. G5r-z5t'-t5 c3n-dl-dis'-sl-ma. Gitnelln is the Italian name of the corresponding Kuro-
peaii species. — Lat. aindidissiiim, very white, entirely white; superlative of c<nididi(s.
See Fiiirn, No. 501.
660. Hyd-r5-nas'-s5 trl'-cfil-6r. Gr. C8a>p, water, giving in Latin fn/dra-, and vuffira or vnaa-a, a
water-fowl ; from a verb meaning to swim. We have here two words very fruitfid of
derivatives ; one giving us the compounds of hi/dr-, as hi/ilidiillc, the other tliose relating
to the sea, a ship, or swimming ; naxllral, aeronaiil, nary, nnn)/<ilp, tiaiisea ; the latter is
originally " sea "-sickness, and literally " ship "-sickness. — Lat. trirolor, three-colored.
This stands as Ardea loinir/astra var. leucnpnjmna in the orig. ed. See Ridg., Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, No! 1, 1878, p. 224.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
107
661. Dichromanassa nifa (Bodd.) Ridg, b 482, 483. c 455. r 491.
Reddish Egret.
662. Florida ccerulea (L.) Bd. b 490. c 450. r 490.
Little Blue Heron.
663. Butorides virescens (L.) Cab. b 493. c 457. r 494.
Green Heron.
664. Nyctiardea grisea naevia (Bodd.) Allen, b 495. C458. r 495.
American Night Heron.
665. Nycterodius violaceus (L.) Reich. B 49c. c 459. R 49c.
Yeilow-crowned Miglit Heron.
666. Botaurus mugitans (Bartr.) Cones. B 492. C 4C0. R 497.
Americiin Bittern.
667. Ardetta exilis (Gm.) Gr. B 491. c 461. R 498.
Least Bittern.
lii^'
See
orils
Vb'diis.
rn-o, a
liitins?
Iter is
Hull.
661. Di-chr3-m5-nas'-s5 ru'-f5. Gr. 8/j, twice; xP"/"«. '^'''"onm, color ; originally, probably,
flesh-color; and vao-iro, a water-fowl ; alliulinj; to the ilichroism or diehruinatisiu which
proviiils in this and other herons, these birds of the same species being found either pure
white or variously colored. — Lat, ni/us, reddish.
This stands as Anliti riifa in the orig. ed. Sec Ridg., Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr.
Surv. Terr., iv. No. 1, 1878, p. 24(3.
662. Fl5'-rl-da coe-rOl-e-5. Lut. Jhritliis, florid, flowery ; JIos, a flower ; but the genus is named
for the State of Florida. — Lat. cftriilcus, blue ; see Poliujitiht, Ko. oO.
663. Bu-t5r-i'-des vlr-€s'-c6ns. Lat. bttlio or butor, a bittern; equal to bo-tmtr, bo-tmirus, Imx-
taimi.t ? see IMjo, No. 402 ; e78os, resemblance. There is also a proper name Buloriihs —
Lat. viresmts, present participle of vinsco, I grow green, am greenish, from vireo, which
see, No. 170.
664. Nyc-tl-ar'-d6-5 grIs'-6-5 na5'-vI-5. Badly formed fronj Gr. vv^, gen. vvkt6s, night, and
Lat. (inlea, a heron ; better X(ni!(ii<h<i, like Xortihica, &c. — Lat. (/riscits, see Macivrltam-
jiliiis, No. C()9, and Leucosttcte, No. 205. — Lat. mvvius, see Tiinlus, No. 5.
665. Nyc-t6r-o'-dI-i5s vl-C-la'-cC-iSs. Gr. vv^, night, and fpuSi6s, a heron, like the Latin ardca.
ConniKinly written rii/cihcrodiiis; but we see no occasion for the A, the e not being aspi-
rated ; though the h is seen in the Lat. hcrvdius. — Lat. viulaaus, violet-colored ; viola,
a violet, pansy.
636. Bo-taQ'-rGs mii-gi'-tans. The many words hltti'nt, hilnrnc, hitmr, hiitor, hullo, are all ononia-
topa'ic, from the hollow guttural sound of the bird's voice, and are referable to /««-
Idiinis or lio-tnitrits? see Biiho, No. 4(52. — Lat. ymir/liatis, bellowing ; mwjito, I low like a cow ;
as the children say, " moo."
667. Ar-d€t'-t5 Sx-i'-lls. Ardilla is an Italian word, equivalent to ardi'ola, diminutive of ardca.
— Lat. crillit, contracted from <:rli/llis, equivalent to mi/uiis, from r.rli/o, this equal to ex
and ni/o, literally, I drive out. Any thing exacted or e.xact, is carefully measured, con-
sidereil, strictly accounted for ; hence likely to be scanty, as opposed to abundant, or
superfluous ; therefore, poor, thin, mean, small ; any of these latter ailjectives well suited
to this lean little bird. We have the idea in several applications in the Knglish words
e.rli/i'iiri/, an emergency ; e.ri<im>iis, small ; the Frencli r.rii/iaiil, exacting ; and in our
rare though actual word exile, snuiU. (The latter must not be confounded, however,
with exile, baiusliment, one banished ; though this might seem exactly from exljo, " I
drive out," it is from another root: exmdu, exsid.)
' 8
iii'
\(\ ):
il
t^'
108
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
668. Grtis americana (L.) Temm. b 478. c 402. R 582.
White Crane; Whooping Crane.
669. Grus canadensis (L.) Temm. b 480. c 463. r 684.
Nortliern Sandhill Crane.
670. Grus pratensis Baitr. B 479. c — . R 583.
Southern Sandhill Crane.
671. Aramus pictus (Bartr.) Coiios. B 481. C 404. R 581.
Scoiopaceous Courlan ; Limpkin.
672. Parra gymnostoma Wugl. b — . c — . r 5C8. (! m.)
Mexican Jacand.
673. Rallus longirostris crepitans (Gm.) Ridg. b 553. c 4fi5. R571.
Clapper Rail; Salt Marsh Hen.
668. GrQs Sm-6r-T-ca'-n5. Lat. >)nts, genitive gnus, feminine noun of tlic tliird declension, a
crane. The word refers to tlie liollow guttural voice of the birds, <ind is iipparently
related to English grunt,
669. G. can-5-d5n'-sls. It was doubtless upon the northern bird, figured by Edwards, that
Linna;us based this name. G. fiutcrcuhts of Cassin lias been found distinct from the
common sandhill crane of the United States, and identical with the northern bird. It is
therefore properly a synonym of cmiadeiisis, and another name must be found for tlie
United States bird conmionly called ciniadensis. See next species. See Hidg., Bull.
Nutt. Club, V, 1880, p. 187 ; Coucs, ibid., p. 188.
670. G. pra-ten'-sls. Lat. pratensis, relating to pratum, a field.
Not in the orig. ed. See last species.
671. Ar'-5-miSs pic'-tOs. The word aramus is unknown to us. Agassiz gives it as " nom.
propr." A correspondent remarks: " Vieillot's Analyse is very incorrectly printed, and
some letter may have been omitted or changed ; hence the clue is still to seek. The
origin seems hopeless, unless revealed by accident." Under these circumstances, it 18
consoling to reflect that the word is more decorous in form than many of known classic
derivation. — Lat. pirtus, see Sctoplmija , No. 151.
672. Far'-ra gym-no'-stfi-ma. Parra is a good Latin word, being the name of some unknown
bird regarded as of ill-omen ; as occurring in I'liny, said to be the European Lapwing,
Vani'lliis cristatiis. Transferred by Linnxus to a mixed lot of spur-winged birds,
chiefly of America. " Ja9ana " is the Brazilian name of a species of this genus ; made
a generic term by Brisson in 1700, and we do not sec why it should not be cnij)loyed
instead of Parra. — Gr. yufni/Ss, naked, and <rr6fia, mouth ; in allusion to the caruncular
skin at the base of the bill.
Not in tlie orig. ed. ; since discovered in Texas by J. C. Merrill : see Bull. Nutt.
Club, i, 1870, p. 88; Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, p. 107.
673. Ral'-lGs lon-gl-ros'-trls crfip'-I-tans. Rallus is said to be contracted from rarulus, a
diminutive of rarus, rare; and to mean thin, slight; if so, the adjective has become an
apt generic name for these lean narrow birds. It is more likely, however, to be
onomatopoeic. Latinized in late days from the French rasle, rale, a rattling cry, Kngl.
rail, to reproach, deride, &c., having nothing to do with the English rail (of a fence) ;
very applicable to these clamorous birds. — Lat. longirostris, long-billed. — Lat. nrpllans,
present participle of crepito, I creak, crackle, clatter, crepitate ; a frequentative or inten-
sive form of crepo, of same signification.
This is R. longirostris of the orig. ed.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
109
674. Rallus longirostris obsoletus (Ridg.) Coues. B — c 466a. r sto.
California Clapper Rail.
675. Rallus longirostris satviratus Hensh. b — . c — . R 57ia.
Louisiana Clapper Rail.
676. Rallus elegans Aud. b 552. c 406. r 669.
King Rail; Fxesh Marsh lien.
677. Rallus virginianus L. b 664. c 467. R 672.
Virginia Rail.
678. Porzana maruetta (Leach) Bp. b — . c — . R 573. (G.)
Spotted Crake.
679. Porzana Carolina (L.) V. b 555. c 408. r 674.
Carolina Crake ; Rail ; Sora ; Ortolan.
680. Porzana noveboracensis (Gm.) Cass. B 557. c 469. R 675.
Yellow Crake.
681. Porzana jamaicensis (Gra.) Cass. B 650. c *70. R 676.
Black Crake.
11
[utt.
:, a
an
be
ln)!l.
r' •
Iten-
674. R. 1. 5b-s61-e'-t0s. Lat. obsoklus, obsolete, grown unaccustomed, passed out of vogue ;
oh, oppositic and soli-sco, I grow accustomed; soleo, I am accustomed. The application
is to the faded, as if worn out and disused, coloration.
Tills is R. elegans var. obsoletus, of the orig. ed., Appendix : see Bull. Nutt. Club, v,
1880, p. i;)a
675. R. 1. s5t-fi-ra'-tQs. Lat. satumtiis, saturated, satiated, filled full ; i. e., having eaten
enough ; salis, enougli : whence satisfied, &c. The allusion is to the color, which is full,
«'. c. rich, dark, heavy.
Not in the orig. ed. ; since described. See Bull. Nutt. Club, v, 1880, p. 140.
676. R. 6'-lg-gans. Lat. eUijttns or cliijans, elegant ; literally, choice, select ; from e and leijo, I
pick out; quite equivalent to elirtus, chosen, picked, eclectic, &c.
677. R. vir-gln-I-a'-nfls. To Virginia, " mother of Presidents," and wet-nurse of Secession.
678. Por-za'-n5 m5-rfl-et'-ta. Porzana is an Italian word, the meaning of which we know not ;
it has been in liook-use for several centuries, as the name of some marsh bird. — Mnruetta
is likewise Ital.a.i : said to be applicable to anything by the sea, and hence to be equiva-
lent to maritimt. — Crake is to crackle, cackle, creak, croak, quack, &,c. ; see Crex, No.
683, Querijtwdnhi, .\o. 714.
Not in the o'ig. ed. Only North American as occurring in Greenland. See Reinh.,
Ibis, 1801, p. 12.
679. P. ca-r6-li'-na. To Carolina. This is the rail of sportsmen. It is also called stnra or
sorec ; why, we know not : the word is colloquial and local, and has scarcely crept into
the books. The word "ortolan" has a curious connection with this species. It is
Italian and French, equal to the Latin horliilniiiis, relating to a garden: the "ortolan "
is Kmlierixa Imrtulana, a bunting, esteemed a great delicacy by gournuinds ; and our
crake has been called ortolan for no better reason than that it is also edible and sapid !
The same name is sometimes applied to the bobolink, iJolirhoni/.r ori/:irorus, because it is
found abundantly in the same marshes in the fall, and sells in the same restaurants as
the same bird as the rail, the two being brought in together by the gunners.
680. P. n8-ve-bar-5-cen'-sTs. No New York. See Virco, No. 181.
681. P. jSm-li-I-cen'-sTs. To Jamaica. The namo signifies in the vernacular the island of
cprings, of flowing water.
110
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
682. Forzana jamaiconsis cotumiculus Bd. b — . c 470a. r 576a.
Farallone Black Crako.
683. Crex pratensis Bechst. boss, c 471. R577. (!e.)
Corn Crake.
684. Gallinula galeata (Licbt.) Bp. b sgo. c 472. b 679.
Florida Gallinule.
685. lonomis martinica (L.) Reich, b 661. c 473. R 578.
Purple Gallinule.
686. Fulica americana Gm. b 659. c 474. r 68O.
American Coot. [Sec AdJcndn, No. 885.
687. PhcBnicoptenis ruber L. b 602. c 475. r 686.
Red Flamingo.
688. Cygnus buccinator Rich, b 662. c 476. R 689.
Trumpeter Swan.
689. Cygnus columbianus (Ord) Coues. b 6616m. c 477. R 688.
American Swan.
682. P. j. c8-tur-nT'-cQ-liSs. Lat. diminutive of Cotumix, which sec, No. 579.
683. Crex pra-ten'-sls. Gr. wptf, Lat. crcx, a crake; all tliree of these words arc the same,
meaning tlie creaking, crackling cry of tlie bird ; KpfKKO, I make sucli a noise. — Lat.
pratensis, see Gnis, No. (i"0. (A subgenus, " Crescicus," whicli passed ' • some Anieri(.'an
works for tlic black rail, was simply a mispruit for creciscus, whicli is a Greek diminu-
tive form of Kpe'f. )
684. Gal-lin'-G-15 g51-C-a'-t5. Lat. gnllimih, a. diminutive of rjvllina, a hen : see Gullinm/o, No.
008. It is commonly but wrongly accented on the ]K<nult, and pronounced i/ally-new'-ler!
But fjuU-lecn'-u-kih is doubtless nearer the sound a Honiiin would have made if ho had
used the word. — Lat. yaleata, hehneted ; y(i!eci, a helmet ; i/aleo, I crown with a helmet ;
very apt, in allusion to the frontal shield of a bird of this genus.
685. I-on-or'-n!s tnar-tln'-l-cS. Gr. iuv, luvia, a violet, and 6pvis, a bird ; aell applied to these
lu.xurious porpliyritic or hyacinthine " sultans." — English viola is from Lat. nWu, and
this is very easily gotten from the Greek. — To the island of Martinique.
686. Ffil'-t-cS Sm-€r-I-ca'-n5. Lat. fulica, same as fiilix, a coot, from the sooty color of the
bird ; fuliijo, soot, w hence _/i///;7/»o.'iHs, &c.
687. PhoS-nI-cop'-t6r-Qs rflb'-6r. Gr. ipotvixSnTtpos, Lat. pitmiicoptcrus, the flamingo ; literally,
red-winged : ^oiVif and rripov : see Aijeheus, No. 31(J. — Lat. rulier, red. — English ,/?(/h/(m.';o
seems to come directly through the Spanish _/?(/Hi*'nco, the name of this bird ; both these,
as the French ^a/H(iH<, are of course from tl.e 'Lalinjlamma, flame, fieryred.
688. Cyg'-nfis buc-cTn-a'-t6r. Gr. kCkvos, Lat. ojnms or cyr/nus, a swan ; famed for its dying
song ; also name of a person fabled to have been transmuted into the bird. The name
is probably rooted i ■ the idea of singing, this bi'ing one of the most persistent and
ubiquitous myths. — Lat. bucciimtor, a trumpeter, who uses his cheeks so much in blowing
his instrument ; buccina, or fivKdvri, a trumpet ; bucca, the cheek.
689. C. cfi-lum-bl-a'-nQs. Of the Columbia River, where specimens were noted by Lewis and
Clarke, afterwards named by Ord.
This stands in the orig. ed. as C americanus. For the change, see Coues, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., 2d ser., No. 0, 1876, p. 444.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
690. Cygnus musicus Bechst. b— . c— . R686. (o.!e.)
Whooping Swan.
691. Cygnus bewicki Yarr. b— . c— . rcst. (!e.)
Bewick's Swan.
692. Anser albifrons (Gm.) Bechst. b — . c — . r 593. (g.)
European White-fronted Goose.
693. Anser albifrons gambeli (Ilurtl.) Coues. b 665, sec. c 478. r 593a.
American White-fronted Goose.
694. Chen coerulescens (L.) Ridg. b 6G4. c 479. r 590.
Blue Goose.
695. Chen hyperboreus (Pall.) Bole, b bos. c 480. r 591.
Snow Goose.
696. Chen hyperboreus albatus (Cass.) Ridg. b -. c 480a. r 591«.
Lesser Snow Goose.
697. Chen rossi (Bd.) Ridg. b -. c 48i. r 592.
Ross' Snow Goose.
Ill
^•i^
690. C. mu-sI-ciSs. Gr. ;.o„^,^rf,, Lat. musicus, relating to a muso. anv one of the Muses-
lienco, music is primarily and most properly fo be predicated of high ideals in gen-
eral, whether .n scence, letters, or art. The term musics, however, as applied to a
rjimain^r"* " """ '"'""'"' ""'*''' " ""'^'"''""''"P '^'^'^^'^•'-'" t'"-' I^I"«''s and the Graces
frnnf "r '" ^'''^ "^l'^" 'l''" """^ '""'*' "''"''"'^'' ^'^"^ ''"'"^t- Greenland only, as straggler
from Kurope. See Heinh., Ibis, 1801, p. 13, and Freke, Zoologist, Sepien.ber, Tmi,
p. -m, hee next species. '
691. C. be'-wlck-i. To Thomas Bewick.
p. ..-,«] ee H dgway revives the record given in Fn. Bor.-Am. ii, 1831, p. 405 and
states tha the description of specimens killed at Igloolik, Arctic America lat Go'
ndicates the true Hewh.k's Swan. But on the doubt in the case of these ArTt'ic Swans'
If any different from C. coUuMan.s, see Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenl. 1875 p n.5'
and especially Freke, Zo-llogist, September. 1881, p. 366. ^" '
692.
693.
694.
695.
696.
Nroio r '^ Ty '"■ '^T. '•■''"-">' '» «""■'' -'-' - to ....«, a duck ; see Il,lr.ual,
jNo. 000. — Lat. iilhijions, white forehead.
land^'white'Iromeil" "'" "",' """' """■""' "'''' ^'°""^' *''^ ''''^""fi-tio" of the Green-
lana w hite-fronted geese being questionable, cf. Heinh., Ibis, iii, 1801 p l^. Xewt
Man. Nat. Ilist. Greenl.. IHTa, p. 11;], and Freke. Zoologist, Seplember, im, p _ '
A. a. gam'-bel-li. To William Gambol.
Chen [pronounced cane] coe-rfil-es'-cens. Gr. x^i., a goose. - See Dendraca, No. 117.
C. hy-per-bar'-g-Qs. Lat. hyperboreus, hyperborean, northern ; see Lolipes, No. 603.
C. h. al-ba'-tOs. Lat. allxiUis, whitened, made white.
Hi
'^^h
697. C. r8s'.si. To Bernard R. Ross, Chief Factor, H. B. Co.
112
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
698. ChloSphaga canagica (Scvast.) Eyt. b 573. c 482. b 698.
Painted Goose.
699. Bemicla leucopsis (Bcchst.) Boie. B 572. c 483. r 597. (!E.)
Burnacle Goose.
700. Bemicla brenta (Pall.) Stcph, b 670. c 484. r 696.
Brant Goose.
701. Bemicla brenta nigricans (Lawr.) Coues. B571. c — n 696.
Black Brant Goose.
702. Bemicla canadensis (L.) Boie. b 567. c 485. n 594.
Canada Goose; Common Wild Goose.
703. Bemicla canadensis leucoparia (Brandt) Coues. B 6«8. c 485o. R 594*,
'VVIilte-cheeked Canada Goose. r5<i4(;.
704. Bemicla canadensis hutchinsi (Rich.) Cones, b 569. c 4856. r 694o.
Hutchins' Canada Goose.
705. Dendrocygna falva (Gm.) Burm. b 575. c 486. Rooo.
Fulvous Tree Duck.
706. Dendrocygna autumnalis (L.) Eyt. b 574. c 487. r 599.
Autumnal Tree Duck.
698. Chia-S'-ph5-g5 c5-n5'-gT-c5. Gr. x^<'« <"" X^^V> young grass, whence x^'^p'^'y green ;
ipdyti), I eat. — Mr. 11. W. Klliott informs us there are Eskimos of Alaska wlio call them-
selves " Kanagiamoot," i. e., " the people of the Kanag " — whatever that may be ;
whence qiiasi-Lat. cannf/ica.
699. BSr'-nI-cl5 leu-c5p'-sls. nn-nirln or hcrniculu is Latinized from the French hcrnii-lf or
be.rnachr, Engl, bnrmir.k. We only know this word as the name of the little eirriped crus-
taceans out of which this goose was fabled to sprout, ripen, and fall like a fruit from
its stem. A correspondent observes : "Max Miiller says liilHiiiariiliim, hut he gives no
reason whatever (nor for hihcrmcnUr) founded on the word having been ever used." (cf.
Lect. on the Sci. of Lang., 2d ser.) — Or. \fvK6t, white, and uifiu, appearance.
This species is Grecnlandic, but otherwise North American only as a straggler. For
a re'sume' of occurrence:*, see Freke, Zixllogist, September, 1881, p. ,372.
The geese of this genus stand in the orig. ed. as species of liraiila ; but that word
having been found unavailable as a generic term, the name Uernicia is restored.
700. B. brEn'-ta. Latinized from brent, brant, brand, or branded goose; the forms brentn.% and
brenthus are also found. See Camifi/lorhi/nelms, No, 03. Brent or brant goose is therefore
simply burnt goose, from its blackish appearance, as if charred.
701. B. b. nig'-rl-cans. Lat. MA/ncans, being blackish, like n(V?rescens. — Not in the orig, ed.
702. B. c5-n5-den'-sls. See Mijiodioctes, No. 149.
703. B. c. leu-c8-p5-rif-5. Gr. Ktuitis, white ; iraptid, the cheek.
704. B. c. hi5tch'-Tn-si. To Ilutchins, to whom we were at one time indebted for most
that was known of the birds of interior British America.
705. D5n-dr6-cyg'-n5 ful'-vS. Gr. SfvSpov, a tree, and kvkvos, a swan ; see Ci/gnus, No. 688. —
Lut. fiilvus, fulvous, rpiidish.
706. D. aQ-tGm-na'-lTs. Lat. autumnalis or auctumnalis, relating to the autumn, when the
increase of the earth is harvested ; aiictiimnus, the autumn ; aucttis, an increase, increased ;
auctor, a producer, author ; augeo, I increase, furnish fortli, augment.
li
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEltlCAN BIRDS.
113
707. Anas boscas L. D 570. c 488. r coi.
Mallard.
708. Anas obscura G 111. b 577. c "is'j. RfJ02.
Dusky Duck.
709. Anas obscura fulvigula Ridg. b — . c 489o. r 603.
Florida Dusky Duck.
710. Daflla acuta (L.) .Ten. B 078. c 490. R cos.
Pintail; Sprigtail.
711. Chaulelasmus streperus (L.) Gr. b r>84. C49i. R604.
Gadwall.
712. Mareca penelope (L.) Selby. B oso. c 492. R 00c. (!E.)
European AVidgcou.
713. Mareca americana (Gm.) Stcph. B 5f.5. c 493. root.
American Widgeon.
714. Querquedula crecca (L.) Stcph. B 580. c 494. R oil. (!E.)
Knglisli Teal.
\k
(cf.
For
ford
and
L'fore
18.—
the
Lsed ;
707. An'-as bos'-cas. Lat. anas, a duck ; doubtless related to vao-ffo. See wliat is said under
I/i/ilniiiii.'isd, No. 000. — Gr. j8o(tkos, l^at. bosats or hosci:i, a (luck, probably this very
species ; from jSu'ir/cw, I f^raze. This word lias almost iiivarialily, in ornithology, beea
written liosc/itis — very wrongly, as Wharton was lately at pains to point out (Ibis, IHTJ,
p. 4<>;}).
703. A. 6b-scu'-ra. Lat. obscnriis, dark, obscure.
709. A. o. ful-vI'-gQ-ia. Lat. /((/ci/.s-, fulvous, and jh/((, throat. This and many similar words.
are viciously accented on a long penult.
710. Da'-fl-la a-cu'-ta. Ikijiht is a nonsense-word, invented by W. K. Leach, like llareldn,.
meaning nothing. — I.at. (imhi, sharpened, pointed ; as the tail of the bird is.
711. ChaQ-le-las'-mQs strep'-g-rQs. Gr. x""^^""! prominent, projecting, protuberant; and'
i\a(Tii6s, a. layer, plate, lamella ; referring to the denticulations of the bill. — Lat. .sVrc-
pcnis (not classic), noisy, clamorous ; as we should say, obstreperous ; slrijiitiis, a noise ;.
stirpo, I make a fuss.
712. Ma-re'-ca pe-nel'-6-pe. Marrrn is said to be a Brazilian vernacular word for some kind
of duck ; long after, it was transferred to the widgeon. But it may also be remarked
that there is the Lat. Mtiiim, a water-nymph. Ray has Munm (Syn., p. 14!'). — Piml-
o)w was the celebrated wife of Ulysses, mother of Telenuichus ; /ifiulops, or in Gr.
irriviKo^^, was some kind of duck. Linnaius wrote the latter.
713. M. am-er-I-ca-na. See ffjn(/fr, No. 0.1
714:. Quer-qu6'-dQ-la crec'-ca. Lat. qurrqnrdula, a kind of small duck; etymology obscure,
and not at all to our way of thinking in the authorities consulted ; apparently froni
KapKaipo), Kfpx'»< KfpKti, KlpKT), KptKu. Kpt|. a Set of ouoinatopd'ic words formetl to express-
a shrill or harsh creaking sound ; hence related to riaik, ijinK-k, cnirkh', &r. , ami quite
equivalent to the very word rrrrni. which we have here, and which seems but an arbitrary
adjective formed from Kpeicu). Charleton cnlls one of the ducks Amis "eaudacutn, Tlie
Cracke (a strepitu)." The form qnacnhi is found in some writers; and "(puiok" is the
usual word to express a duck's voice. See Crrx, No. 083.
\\-
#
M 1 '
,4'
i
i
•:
i
1
i- 1 i
■
y.F
■ A
114
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS,
fSoc Addenda, No. 88G.
716. Querquedula carolinensis (Cm.) Stcph. b bto. C49s. R612
Grcen-^viiigcd Teal.
710. Querquedula discors (L.) Stcpli. d nsi. c 49c. u coo.
Illue-wingcd Tciil.
717. Querquedula cyanoptera (V.) Cass, b b82. c 497. r cio.
Cinnamon Teal.
718. Spatula clypeata (L.) Boic. u 583. c 498. r cos.
Shoveller,
719. Aix sponsa (L.) Boic. B 587. c 499. R C13.
Summer Duck; Wood Duck.
720. Fuligula marila (L.) Stcph. b 588. c 600. r ch.
Greater Black-head ; Scaup Duck.
721. Fuligula afflnis Kyt. B 589. c 501. R 015.
Lesser Bhick-hcad ; Scaup Duck.
722. Fuligula coUaris (Donov.) Bp. B 590. c 502. R cio.
Ring-neck ; Black-head.
723. Fuligula ferina americana (Eyt.) Couos. b 591. r 503. r ci8.
American Pochard; Red-head.
715. Q. c5-r8-lIn-En'-sIs. To Carolina. — Tlio Rcntis Nrttion, in nliicli this teal has born placcil
by sonio, is tiie Or. i/^ttio;/, a littii' duck; contractt-d from vrtr-rapiov, a diuiiniitivu of
f^o-o-o or vrirra: see Ilijdramifisa, No ()(iO. Very curiously, it Sfi'iiis to have been used
by tile {ireel<s as a familiar term of endearment, just as we sometimes now say " little
duek," or " ducky darling "
716. Q, dis'-c5rs. Lat. rf/.sroi-s, discordant, disagreeinp, unlike; literally " two-hcartcd," from
(lis, twice, and cor, the heart ; opposed to roiicors, concordant.
717. Q, cy-§n-op'-t6-r5. Gr. Ki;ai'(Ji, blue, irrfpov, wing.
718. Spa'-t£i-15 clyp-e-a'-t5. Lat. spatula or spalhiila, Gr. airaeis, a spafhe, spatula, spoon, ladle ;
with reference to the spathulous or spoon like shape of the bird's bill. — Lat. cli/jiratii.i.
furnished with a shield, wearing a siiield; rli/pi'iis or c/ijieit.s or clupeiis or clipcum, a shiild :
commemorating in tliis case the rounded expanse of the bill.
719. A'-ix sp5n'-s5. Gr. alf| orfiif; application not obvious. Nor is the orthography settled.
If the word he from the monosyllable off it should be Latinized o't ; if from the dissyl-
lable fiij it becomes ulx. In tlie uncertainty, we do not change the accustomed form;
tliough we suspect ox to be preferable. — Lat. spnnsa, a bride, a spouse, a betrothed;
that is, a promised one; spimilio, I promise sacredly, I vow. Prettily applied to this
lovely duck, as if the bird were arrayed for bridal.
720. Ful-Tg'-fi-15 ma-ri'-15. Lat. ./)(%"/« or ./i(//c»/(7, diminutive of /»//(•<» or_/)(//.r, a coot ; /»/(>/o,
soot. — ilarilii wc know nothing about; qii., a proper name? 711. Gr. ftaplKr), embers,
charcoal, from the scaup's pitch-black foreparts 1
721. F. af-fin'-Is. Lat. fi/fw/s, affined, allied ; nrf, and./fH/s. See Campijlorhi/nchis, lHo. Q4.
723, F. c61-15'-rts, Lat. collaris, relating to the neck, collum; this species having a ring of color,
like a collar, round the neck.
723. F. f6-ri'-n5 im-8r-l-ca'-n5. Lat. ferina, wild, in a state of nature, feral.
CHECK LIST OF NOIITH AMERICAN BIRDS.
115
724. Fuligula vallisneria (Wils.) Stoph. b 602. c 004. u 017.
Cuuvas-bock.
725. Clangula glaucium (L.) Urchin, h 5iKJ. c 505. u 020.
Uolden-oyo.
726. Clangula islandica (Gm.) Up. b 5<j4. c 500. u cio.
narrow's OoI«Icn-cyc.
727. Clangula albeola (L.) Stoph. b noa. c 507. 11021.
Itiifllc-heud ; Uuttor-ball; Spirit Duck.
728. Harelda glacialis (L.) Letidi. Brm. c 508. u C2n.
Loiig-tullod Duck; Old Wife.
729. Camptolaemus labradorius ((im.) Gr. b coo. c 509. 11 024.
Labrador Duck.
730. Histrionicus minutus (L.) Couos. b 59c. c 510. u (!22.
Harlequin Duck. *
t i
724.
725.
726.
727.
738.
729.
730.
F. val-lIs-n5r'-I-S. Vallisneria is a genus of iiquntic plants, tlio wild colcry, V. spiralis \,.,
niuiii'd for Antoinu Vallisner, a French botani.st. 'I'lii' niinie was aijpliotl to the hinl
from its fonclnuss for this plant ns food. The name eaiivashaek. from the jieimhar
coloration of the upper parts, is an Americanism which lias licen in use ui least, siiit e
1800. (i'.ij., see Barton, Med. and I'lijs. Jom-n., pt. i, vol. ii, I8O0, p. 101.)
Clan'-gu-15 glaii'-cl-um. Lat. clomjula, diminutive of i-taiii/or, a clang, noise; the corre-
sjionding (Jr. KKayyti means particularly the outcry of wild animals ; K\d^u, future
KKay^w, I cry out. It was applied to this bird several centuries af,'o. — Ur. 7Aai^Kiai' or
yKavtciov, a kind of wild duck, perhaps this very species. Under the varying forum of
yhiitcioii, ijhiHcium, r/kiuciiis, and (jlauciu, it has been definitely applied to this duck for
more than three centuries.
is-land'-I-ca.
To Iceland. Sec Falco, No. COO.
C. al-b6'-6-lS. Diminutive (irregular) form of allms, white: allmla would be better form.
"ButHe-head" is a corruption of bulTalo-head, from the pulFmess of the head; " buttcr-
. ball " from the fatness of the bird at tiuies : " spirit duck," from the quickness of diving.
Har-el'-da gla-cl-a'-lls. Ilarchla is a nonsense-word, invented by Leach. — Lat. tjlacinlis,
glacial, icy, relating to ice; (jlticics, ice. (Unde derivatur ? cf. Gr. yKavKos)
Camp-t6-laem'-Qs lab-ra-do'-rl-Qs. Gr. KajUirrJs, tiexilile, as leather is, for instance ;
Kafiiro), I bend; and Aoi^uut, the throat; but the whole word rcfiTs to the soft leathery
e.xpansiou of the bill, iis if (.'(iiiiiilorld/iirliiis, for which Utter word, preoccupied in zoiilogy,
it was proposed as a substitute. — To Labrador; which name is said to have been given
to the country by the Spaniards, it being considered eullivable, as Greenland was not;
Span. Idtnitilo, cultivated land; hihrmhr, laborer; hilmir, to work.
His-trl-o'-nl-cus mt-nii'-tQs. Lat. Iiislrionirus, liistrioinc, relating to hislrin, a stage-
player ; because the bird is tricked out in various colors, as if it were dressed to play
some part on the stage. The word is related in the most interesting manner to fa'storia,
history, and liisluloji/, the science of tissues of the body ; the idea being the weaving
together of things, to make, as history, a connected account, as in histology, a tissue of
organs. Wo still say, for example, a tissue of falsehood, &c. These words are all
related to l<rT6s, a loom, or the web woven on it.
Trn
I; !
i i
'i
?' ■ ' p
I I! f
'I'
llf ^f >;;li
116
CHECK LIST OF NOJi'fU AMEltlCAN DUiLS.
731. Somateria stelleri (Pall.) Jard. D698. ecu. R(J28.
Stoller*B Duck,
732. Somateria flscheri (Brandt) Coues. H 5!)'j. c oia. u mo.
Spcctucloil Kidor.
733. Somateria moUissima (L.) Hoi«. u— . c— . u«27.
Killer Duck.
734. Somateria mollissima dresseri (Sliari)c) Coues. D coo. c 613. r C27a.
Aiiioricun Uidcr Duck.
735. Somateria v-nigra (iniy. n oo7. C5i4. u 028.
lIlMck-tliruutcd ICidcr.
736. Somateria spectabilis (L.) Bole. B cos. c 615. R 029.
King Elder.
737. CEdemia americana Sw. b co4. c 510. u cso.
American Ulack Scoter.
738. CEdemia fusca (L.) Flcm. n coi. c 617. R C3i.
Velvet Scoter; Wbite-wlngcd Scoter.
739. CEdemia perspioillata (L.) Flcm. b G02. c sis. R 033.
Surf Duck.
731. S6-m5t-6'-rI-a stgl'-lSr-i. f!r. crSina, Rcnitive adixaroi, the body, ami tpiov, wool, down;
Willi rfft'iviui- ti) the famous " eiilcr-down "produced by species of this genus. — To
G. \\. Slcllcr, the siir;;'i()ii mid niUuniiist of Ikdiring's second voyuKc, 17-11—12.
732. S. fisch'-er-i. To Ootth. Fischer von Wiildhoiin, a RiLssinn naturalist.
733. S. mol-lis'-sI-m5. I.at. mollissima, superlative de(;rec of mollis, soft ; this a contraction
for movilis, mobile, moveable, from mocio, I move. The reference is of course to tho
downy plumatje.
See ne.\t species. Since tho American bird has been distinguished from the Kuro-
pean, the latter has been said to be also found in North America, (m the west si<le of
Cumberland (Julf. See Ridf?., Pr. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, p. 2-J2. This requires us to
restore the name S. mollissimu, but it is No. ".'34 that equals No. 013 of the orig. ed.
734. S. m. dr6s-s6r-i. To Henry K. Dresser, of London, author of the " Birds of Kurope," &c.
This is the -S'. mollissima of writers on American birds and of the orig. ed. of tht
Check List. See Sliarpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 51. See last species.
735. S. v-nlg'-ra. Thi^ is a queer way of saying that tho bird has a black v-shaped mark on
the throat — " difjammated," indeed!
736. S. spec-ta'-bl-lls. Lat. spectabilis, that may bo seen, hence, worth seeing, a spectacle ;
sprcio, spiciu, specio, I look at ; whence a thousand derivatives.
737. Oe-de'-m!-S 5tn-6r-I-ca'-n5. Gr. olSrifia, Lat. adcma, a swelling, tumefaction; olSdu, I
swell ; referring to the hunipincss or gibbosity of the bill.
738. O. fus'-cS. Lat. /iKCHs, fuscous, dark ; not well applied to this black bird.
739. O. pSr-spIc-il-la'-ta. Irregularly formed from prrspirin; equivalent to perspiciliilis, con-
tr.actod to prrspirills, and then given a ])iirticipial termination, as if from a verb /)<•;•-
spiallo; meaning perspicuous, that may be clearly seen, hence conspicuous, spectacular;
tee Somateria, No. 7-")0.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
117
740. CEdemia perspicillata trowbridgii (lid.) Coues. n go3. c 5i8a. r — .
Long-billotI Hurf Duck.
741. Erismatura rubida (Wils.) Up. n (io<). c cii). u«34.
Itu(l<ly Duck.
743. Nomonyx dominica (L.) Ridg. n cio. c 520. u cas.
St. Doiiiliixu Diifk.
743. Mergus merganser L. luiu. c .v.'i. u oao.
MorKUiistor; <iousaii(lcr.
744. Mergus serrator L. it (;r_'. c 522. ii 037.
Ite<l-brt<a.stc«l MorgiiiiHor.
745. Mergus cucuUatus ].. n v,v\. c 523. ii mh.
IIoo<lo<l Morgaiisoi*.
746. Sula bassana (L.) liriss. ii(U7.('524. ncr.o.
Ciannct ; Molaii <>oos(*.
747. Sula leucogastra (Hodd.) Salv. n cis. c 525. ii G53.
Booby (jauiiot.
748. Pelecanus trachyrhynchus LiitU. m ois. c B20. n 040.
Aiiicrit'iin Wlilto I'cllcaii.
1', '
I'tlOU
tliu
I'.uro-
i(\i'. of
us to
'&c.
)!' tilt
on
coii-
Irb /"
iliir ;
740. O. p. trow-brld'-gl-i. To W. V. Trowliriilfjc, wlio collected in Cnlifornid.
741. Er-is-m5-tu'-ra rflb'-I-d5. (!r. tptiana, a stay, prop, pier, and ovpa, tail, as tlic stiffened
nieniliiT of tlie bird niitfiit seem to Ite. — l.at. riihidus, ruddy, roddisli.
742. Nam-5'-nyx d6m-In'-I-c5. (ir. vouoi, law, order, rc^cuiar way, and ovuf, nail. Tin' nail at
tin- end of the bill in all tiie .species of .xo-called /u-ismnliini, except ruiida, is t'ornied in a
particular way. — See Ihuiliartt, No. 121*.
743. Mer'-gus mer-gan'-sfir. hat. minjns, a diver; minjo. I dive, mrrrjorr, mrrsi, memnin;
whence subnierjj;ed, innnersed, itc. — Min/niisir is simply mfri/u. + uiit«:r, i. e., diving-
goose.
744. M. s5r-ra'-tor. Lat. srrralnr, a sawyer; sirniliin, sawn, l.r., saw-sliaped, serrate, serried,
ns tlie prominent teeth of tlie bill look like those of a saw ; sfi-ni, a, saw ; supposed to bt"
equal to sirni, from seen, I cut.
745. M. cfl-cul-la'-ttSs. Lat runilldius, hooded, weann;; the nmiHitm, a kind of hood, a capu-
clion, perhaps from its t'irciiiar shape (kvk\os). Vitv ajipropriate in this case.
746. Su'-lS bas-sa'-nS. Snl'i, by Ai,',tssiz given as a proper nanie, was Latinized lately from
tlie Fregeli name, /.<■ Siilc. — Qiiasi-Lat. liiiKS<niiis is an adjective diTived from the name
of one of the great haunts of tlie bird, the Bass Kock, Firth of Forth, Scotland.
747. S. Ieu-c6-gas'-ti5. (Jr. Afuxo's, white, and yaaTl]p, the belly.
This stands ns S.jiUir in the orig. ed. See Salv., Tr. Z. S. i.\-, pt. ix, 18"'), p. 400.
748. Pel-fi-ca'-niSs trach-y-rhynch'-us. Or. iriXiKav, or irfXtKivos, or ''■f pch'niins, a pelican.
The etymology is obscure; but the pelican was fabled to stri and wound its own
breast, that the young might bo nourished with blood ; and there are various Greek and
Latin words signifying some cutting and striking iiistriinient, as an axe, which are
nearly identical in form with the above. — (ir. rpax^ii, rough, uneven, ami fivyxos. Il;e
beak; with reference to the deciduous excrescence or " ceiitre-bourd " on the upjicr
mandible.
t :.i
118
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
1' . ii
749. Pelecanus fuscus L. Bcic. c 527. R64i.
Brown Pelican.
750. Phalacrocorax carbo (L.) Leach. B C20. c 528. R G42.
Common Corniorunt.
751. Phalacrocorax dilophus (Sw.) Nutt. B C23. c 530. u 04:5.
Double-crested Cormorant.
752. Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus (Brandt) RUlg. n ivi2. c 52!).
Wliite-tufte<l Cormorant. [U (ii;;6.
753. Phalacrocorax dilophus floridanus (Bartr.) Coues. B 024. c saoo. u 04^0.
Florida Cormorant.
754. Phalacrocorax mexicanus (Brandt.) S. & S. i! 025. <: 5;!i. u 044.
Mexican Cormorant,
755. Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt) Iloenn. b C2c. c 532. 11645.
Tufted Cormorant.
756. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Tall, b (121. c 533. u 048.
Pall".s's Cormorant.
757. Phalacrocorax bicristatus Pall, b — . c 534. u 047.
Red-faced Cormorant.
758. Phalacrocorax violaceus (Gm.) Ridg. b 027. c 535. n 646.
Violct-grcea Cormorant.
749.
750.
751.
752.
753.
754.
755.
758.
757.
758.
P. fus'-cQs. Lat.. /((srus, fuscous, dark.
Phal-a-cr6'-c6r-ax car-bo. Or. tpaKaxpoKopa^, Lat. jilml'irriKnr<tx, a coniHiraiit ; from
<pa\aKp6s, V)alil, and Kopa^, a ravon. C'oiiii)arL' PlidldrDpiis, No. (JOi. Tlic cormorant was
often calk'il "sea-crow," anil "cormorant" is nothing but romts miin'iiits ; h'r. foniionin ;
Ital. corvo nmriiio ; Span, ciieiro vuirino or ciicn . cairn (l)ald-headud crow). — Lat. cuibo, a
coal, cliarcoal; whence carbon; from tlie black color.
Tlie cormorants are all given as (imciiliis in the orig. ed. But this was according
to a way which li. IS. (iray had of determining the types of gen( ra, whicli lias been
founil not available. 0V(R'»/»»' signities that the bird is so like a crow in color; ef. Lng-
lisii " sea-crow," above.
P. dr-16ph-us. Gr. Si's, twice, and \6<pos, crest.
P. d. cin-cin-na'-tQs. Lat. rinriiinatiis, having curly hair; Lat. cinciiiiiiis, dr. KtKivvoi, a,
curly lock.
P. d. flo-rl-da'-nus. To Florida. Barlram named the bird before Auihdion did.
P. mex-!-ca'-niis. To ^lexico. See Slalio, No. 28.
P. pe-nl-cil'-la'-tils. Lat. pmli-Uhnn, a pencil, or painter's brush ; equivalent to pinintlus,
•A little brush; this from pniis.n tail, or the male organ: comjiare pniilin, I hang; as
something jjcndent or appendaged. The reference is to the tufts of lengthened feathers
on the bird.
P. per-splc-Il-la'-tQs. Sec (Edania, No. 739.
P. bi-cris-ta'-tiis. Lat. his, twice, and rristntus, crested. Ivxaetly equal to the Or. St\o<pos.
P. vI-0-la'-c6-Qs. Lat. viulaceus, violct-colorcd ; violtt, a violet. See lonornis, No. 085.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEIilCAN BIRDS.
119
759. Phalacrocorax violaceus resplendens (Aud.) Ridg. b— . c— . U646a.
Baird's Cormorant.
760. Plotus anhinga L, b g28. c 53g. r g49.
Anhinga; Darter; Siiakc-bird.
761. Tachypetes aquilus (L.) V. b cio. c 537. R 039.
Frigate Bird ; Man-of-war Bird.
762. Phaethon sethereus L. B — . c — . r 635. (?!) •
Rcd-billcd Tropic-bird.
763. Phaethon ^avirostris Brandt. B c^9. c 538. R (i54.
Yellow-biiicd Tropiobird.
764. Stercorarius skua (IJiUun.) Coues^ B G52. c 539. R gog.
Sliiia.
765. Stercorarius pomatorhinus (Tcmm.) Lawr. B C53. c 540. R G97.
Poniatorhiuc Jager.
w\
1 'H I
759. P. V. res-plen'-dens. Lat. resplendens, resplendent, splendid, c lustrous; resphndcn or
splcndco, I shine, gleam. Splendor is derived by some etymologists from airKi]{y]S6i,
live coals.
Not in tlic orig. ed. Since recognized by Ridgway, Pr. Nat. Mus., iii, 18S0, p. 222.
Farallone Islands.
760. Plo'-tQs an-hin'-ga. Gr. irKwrSs, being a good swimmer; from irXiia or irAe'oi, I swim,
navigate ; Lat. /ilutns ; and very early applied, in ornithology, to divers swininiiiig hirds.
— AnluiKja is a barbarous word, from the I'ortugiieso antdnn, and equivalent to the
Lat. (inrinina, snaky ; <iii;/iiis, a snake; very well apjilied to this curious bird, which in its
suba(iucous excursions strangely resend)les a swimming serpent. See Cones, Bull. Xutt.
Orii. Club, iii, 1878, p. 101. We should like to substitute tiie Latin form of the word,
but that would probably be going too far.
761. Tach-y'-p6t-es a'-quU-us. Gr. TaxuTrtTTjr, Lat. tac/ii/pelfs, flying rapidly; raxo^, swift,
and ireVo.uoi, I fly. — Lat. arpuliis, swarthy, dark-colored. The word is vaguely su])-
posed by most persons to have something to do with (upiihi, an eagle, in consideration
of the raptorial prowess of tiiis piratical high-flyer; but it would in that case be cither
(irpiilii, substantive, an eagle, or aijuilinus, adjective, aquiline. Aqmla and aquilus are
doubtless the same word, etymologically ; but the present specific name has nothing
furtiier to do with the genus Aqiilla, which see. No. 532.
762. P. ae-th6'-re-Qs. Gr. alOepios, Lat. (itlureiis, etherial, relating to the alOvp. iriher, ether, or
serene upper air, as opposed to ay)p, uiir, the lower aerial region ; the birds of this genus
being MoIcd for soaring aloft. Tli. ulOoi, &a).
Not in the orig. cd. If there be no mistake in identilicatioM, this species ha.s
struggled to Newfoundland. See Freko, Comp. List B. of Kiir.and \. A., p. 41 (repaged
from I'roc. Koy. Soc. Dubl., 187!)),
763. Pha'-e-th5n fla-vl-ros'-trls. Gr. 'Pae'Owi/, Lat. /'/»((V/,'m, a proper name, an epithet of the
suti ; I'hdelhon having once nnderlakeii to drive the eharint of the sun, his f;ithcr Helios ;
well applied 'o these iiighly aerial Itirds of the Tropics. Sciiiietinies vi ry wrongly
written rihillmn. and even Phalon —iMt.jliciroslris. yellowbilieil.
764. Ster-car-a'-rl-Qs skQ'-a. Lnt. stercomrius, having to di with ordure, a scavenger; sternts,
excrement ; from tiic filthy habits of the bird. — .Sliai is tiie name aiiplied to the bird
by the Fairoi'se.
765. S. p5-ina-ta-rhin'-Qs. Gr.irw;Ka,gcnitlvcirw/«iToj, a flap, lid, cover; ond^/j, genitive ^im.
11:
ir
fin
m
■1 '
^:M^h
120 CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
766. Stercororms parasiticus (Brlinn.) Gray, n 654. c 541. ii C98.
Parasitic J tiger.
767. Stercorarius buffoni (Bole) Coiics. n 055. c 542. R 6<J9.
Arctic Jiigcr; Long-tailed Jiigcr.
768. Larus glaucus nriimi. B (156. c 543. u 660.
Glaucous Gull.
769. Larus leucopterus Fabcr. B 658. C544. R661.
White-winged Gull.
770. Larus glaucescens Lidit. B 057, 659. c 546. r C62.
Gluucous-\vingcd Gull.
*
771. Larus marinus L. B 660. c 546. R 663.
Great BlacJf-baclied Gull.
772. Larus argentatus UrUiin. B — . c 547. R 666.
Herring Gull.
773. Larus argentatus smithsonianus Couos. B66i.C547a. r 666a.
Smithsonian Herring Gull.
ii'h
mU,;
I
I r
I". * '
the nose; from tlio scale-like covorinp; of tlio nostrils. Toniiniiu'lc, lialiitually ciiiTlcss
in such matters, orifiiiialiy wrote iionian'nus, and we liave almost always said " i^oimirinn "
jager, with some vaf^ue notion of Mi . si (/ in liie i-ise of this tiidiiiic bird; but Newton's
explanation of the word, as above, is undotibledly correct. %\i}(r or jaciicv is the German
for hunter, these birds being habitual hunters and plunderers of the t;ulls and terns.
The name was originally applieil to a class of wild huntsmen who lived on the banks of
the Rhine, and siipixirted themselves entirely by plunder and robbery.
766. S. par-S-si'-tl-cus. (!r. vapaatTtKos, I.at. I'anisilinis, jiarasitic ; Or. irnpda-iTos, T,af. pani-
s/'/Ks, a ])arasite, frnni jro^ja, by the side of, and (r?Tos, fi''''"'. fi""l ; liteially, one wlio sits
at the table of another; as we should say now. in vidjrar parlance, a " frce-luneher,"
" bunnner," " dead-beat " ; hence, in general, iiiy kind of a hanger-on.
767. S. biif-ffin'-i. To .lean Louis Le Clerc, Comjite de Biiffon, the famous I'rcnch panegyrist
of nature, parlicidar friend of Limueus, who wrote a gri'at history of birds wilh the
lielj) of the Abbi' de Montbeillard, and caused Daiibenton to prepare the celebrated
lOOS I'lanciies KnlmnincVs.
768. L5r-ijs glau'-cQs. (Ir. Kapos. Lat. /kivis, a gull. — Lat. .'//i/kciis, glaucous, bluish, 7Aau/f(<i.
iSce (il'iiiriilnim, Xo. 4Sb (inll is suppost^d to be named for its gluttony, from ijiilo, a,
glutton (v'/'ir, the gullet) ; M^-lsh, i;icy/i((i ,- Vr, iinrJuiHt.
769. L. leQ-cop'-ter-us. Or. \tvK69, white, and irrfpov, wing.
770. L. glau-ces'-cens. Lat. (decidedly i)ost-elassii') iilniircxniis, the prc'-cnt participle of a
suppositious inceptive wrh (/In iirrsm. 1 grow bluish ; meaning here somewhat bluish.
771. L. ma-ri'-niis. Lat. mcnuK.s-, marine ; Hiu/v, the sea.
772. L. ar-gen-ta'-tiis. Lat. <tiyriit<iliis, silvered, silver\'; the participle of an obsolete verb
(iriii)iti); (iriidil 11)11, silver, money, from &pyvpot, silver, apyds, white, the color of the
metal. One writer has criticised the use of nnidiliitiis to denote a silvery color, arguing
that arijrntntm would mean silvered over, silver-jilated, or frosted, and projiosed to sub-
stitute some other derivative of iinjrnliim. But this is hypercritieism ; the word is
more apt or fit for the bird than most siiecific names are.
773. L. a. smIth-s6n-I-a'-ntSs. To the Snntlisonian Institution ; this named for James Smith>
son, illegitimate sun of Hugh Percy, Uuke of Nurthuinburland.
CHECK LIST OF NOBTII AMERICAN BIRDS.
121
774. Larus occidentalis And. b cg2. c 5476. r g64.
Western Herring Gull,
775. Lams cachinnans Pall, b — . c — . r cot.
Pallas's Gull.
776. Lams affinis Reinh. B _. c -. r ecs. (g.)
Relnhardt's Gull.
777. Lams califomicus Lawr. b cg3. c 548a. r cg8.
Californlan Gull.
778. Lams delawarensis Orel, b 6G4. c 548. r gco.
Ring.billetl Gull.
779. Lams canus L. b — . c ~. r cti. (! e.)
Mew Gull.
780. Lams brachyrhynchus Rich, b ggs, g73. c 649. r cto
American Mew Gull.
781. Lams heormanni Cass, b cgg. c 55i. r 673.
White-headed Gull.
782. Rissa tridactyla (L.) Bp. b c72. c 552. r 658.
Kittiwake Gull.
774.
775.
776.
777.
778.
779.
780.
781.
782.
L. 5c-cid-en-ta'-IIs. See Dendmca, No. 11.3.
^' S"«^i"r"^"'' '^"i '"'':'""""'' '^"^'''"" inimodoratolv; cachinno, I roar with In,mhtor-
Gr. ««xaC<- or ,ayxd(., of .an.e mcanin,.. Well c.vprc .ing the outcry of the gull
Bai^:v::.^: cSgriv-atrS™ m " °^^"^ ^" '''-'''■ ^"^^ ^^ '■ ^-"^ «^
L. af.fr-nls. Lat. nflhm, allio.l ; ad an(l.A»/s. See Can,,vj/orf»p,chus, Xo (34
Aot in the orig. e.l. ; since .Icformincd to bo a good species; North American onlv
as acculentally Greenian.lic. See Heinh., Vid. Medd Xat. For. Kj^b./l853?p S '
L. cal-I-for'-nl-cfls. To California.
L. d61-a-war-en'-sls. To the State of Delaware ; named for Lord De La Ware.
L. ca'-nus. Lat can„s, ashy, hoary-gray. Me.Iiately derived from ^a!u,, to burn con
Bun.e, the root here seen giving rise to many words, as dnere.,., k!,„,ic &c
IS-S ,'! T4 "1u "'■ *^'"''' '''^'^'^••'■'''"^"' '" '■"•'■■"»' Labrador. See Saunders, P. Z. S
l>i>S, p. 1/8, an.l Brewer, Hull. Xutt. Club, iii, 1878, p. 50.
L. brach-y-rhynch'-Qs. Gr, ffpaxis, short, and ^iyxos, beak
Invn^"^";" ^\' ^''"'^ "" ""'' ^'"'''' ^'^•*-''"l"i"S "'•^'. a^^ good species, in deference to recent
Lr rr, ;;;:: r" '"-"' ^"" ''- -^^'""^ °^ '^-'-^ '- - ^^^ -^^- ^^- '--
''■ ^"f ;:';;tutl:;::;: """"-^ '• "'^^^"^"""' ^' ^""-'^^-i^'-- -•- -"-''^•^ -ten.
Tiiis stands in the orig. ed., very erroneously, as /.. hrkfari.
Ris'-s5 trT-dac'-ty-15. IHssa or ni>sa U tne Icelandic vernacular name. - Lat. trh thrice
nd d„r>,l,., igit whether finger or toe: Gr.. W...a„. This bird has h hi t e'
tit:rd7''^7'"%°"'^ ■'''' ''"''''' digits.- A7«,«.„.e is an old Scotch ZL
iMis species ; perhaps from its cry.
JHii
'!.;
122
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEHTCAN BIRDS.
783. Rissa tridactyla kotzebv Hp.) Coacs. b — . 05520. RC58a. (?)
Kotzebue's Kittlwake.
784. Rissa brevirostris IJrandt. B G74, C75. c 553. r 059.
Short-billed Kittiwako.
785. Pagophila eburnea (Gm.) Kaup. b C7C, c"7. c 550. r c57.
Ivory Gull.
786. Chroicocephalus atricilla (L.) Lawr. B fi07. c 554. R G73.
Laughing Gull.
78' "roicocephalus franklini (Rich.) Bnich. v, cos, cod. c 555. r c74.
ii'ranklin's Hosy Gull.
788. Chrol'cocephalus Philadelphia (Ord) Lawr. b G70. b scg. r c75.
Bonaparte's Rosy Gull.
789. Rhodostethia rosea (Macg.) Briich. b c78. c 557. R g70.
VVedge-tailcd Gull.
790. Xema sabinii (Sab.) Leach. B C80. c 558. R C77.
Fork-tailed Gull.
791. Xema furcata (I'rov. & Dcs Murs) liriich. B G79. c 659. R C78.
Swallow-tailed Gull.
792. Sterna anglica Mont. B osi. c sco. R 079.
Gull-billed Tern; Marsh Tern.
< I
783. R. t. kSt-zC-bui'-I. To Otto do Kotzcbiic, tlio Russian navigaJ^r.
784. R. brg-vl-r5s'-tr!s. Lit. hrccis, short, anil rostris, pertaining to tlic bill, rostral; from
rontriitn.
785. Pa-gO'-pht-15 fi-bur'-nS-a. f!r. irir/o^, ice, and <pl\os, loved. — Lat. fhiirmn, of ivory, like
ivory (in wliiteness or liardncss) ; diir, ivory ; directly from the Sanscrit word for
elephant.
786. Chro-I-ca-cSph'-5-lfls a-trl-cil'-lS. Gr. xpa"«<55. colored, and Ke(^oA^, head. This word
has (liven great trouble from Kyton's, the founder's, saying it was from KpoiKos, there
being no such word. Various attemi)ts to derive it from xpoia or XP"'". f'"' from XP"^)
Xpois, color, and to rectify the supposed erroneous orthography, have resulted in
kiolhin iilidliia, rliriirdirjilidliis, (■lir(>i<ifi/i/iiili(.i, rliroorrjilidlus. AVharton has shown Kyton's
original orthography to he correct, lacking only the diaeresis over the /, there heing
actually such an adjective as xP'^""^f. ""* given in the common dictionaries. (See
Zoologist, March, 1S78, p. — .) — Lat. ulrlrilln, black-tailed; oidy applicable to the
young bird. See Mofarilla, No. bG.
787. C. frSnk'-lIn-i. To Sir John Franklin.
788. C. phll-a-del'-phI-5. To the City of Brotherly-Love. See r/,oM////»;.s, No. 1 12.
789. Rhfi-d5-ste'-tht-a r6s'-e-5. Gr. f)6Sov, the rose, and (rrrjdos, the breast ; rose-breasted. —
Lat. rns'-iis, rosy.
790. Xe'-mS sa-bln'-I-i. AVmrMs a nonsense word, invented by Leach : it is sometimes written
zdiui. — To Edward Sabine, l)y his brother.
791. X. {ur-c5'-t5. Lat. /urcafKS, forked, furcate, bifurcate, forficate;./)))-^^, a fork.
792. St6r'-n5 ang'-ll-cS. Sterna is not classic, having nothing to do with stiinws. a starling, or
with sternum, the breast-bone, or slerno, to strew. Agassiz gives the latter etymon, It is
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
793. Sterna caspia Pall. bc82.C5ci.rc80.
Caspian Tern.
794. Sterna maxima Bodd. b G83. c 5G2. r csi.
Cayenne Tern ; Iloyal Tern.
795. Sterna elegans Gurub. b csi. c oca. r c82.
Elegant Tern.
'^QQ. Sterna cantiaca Gm. b c85. c 5C4. r g83.
Sandwich Tern.
797. Sterna hirundo L. b 089. c 5C5. R cse.
Common Tern or Sea Swaiiow.
798. Sterna forsteri Nutt. b c8c, coi. c 5C6. r e85.
Forster's Tern.
799. Sterna macrura Naum. c coo, C93. c 5C7, scs. r gst
Arctic Tern.
800. Sterna dougalli Mont, b C92. c oco. r C88.
Roseate Tern,
801. Sterna superciliaris antillarum (Less.) Coues b C94. c 570 r coo
Least Tern.
123
HP
:: 1;'
III
793.
794.
795.
796.
797.
798.
799.
800.
801
a Latinization, perhaps not older than about 1523, of tlie English ,ern, or stern or stcme
or stn-n, there being all these, and other old forms of the word ; Danish Uvme ' &c We
have a vague impression that the word is onon.atopocie, fro.n the cry of the bird " One
o the na,nes of the bird is the Swiss ^^clnunin;;. Most languages, however, have a
diUerent set of words, equivalent to our sea-swallow; as Fr. Hinmddle.de.»,er ; Germ
@cc>^d)anu!«c, &c. - Lat. w,,lka, English; Montagu having named the bird after a
country where it is comparatively seldom seen.
S. cas'-pl-a. To the Caspian Sea.
S. max-I-ma. Lat. umximus, superlative degree of mafjnus, large.
This is .V. ,r,j!a of the orig. ed. We are now willing to accept Boddaert's name.
S. e'-l6-gans. See Rnllm, No. 073.
Tills is S ,,,,l,nc,,l,.,a of the orig. ed. We are glad to return to the orig. name of this
species, which II. S. lias shown to be not r,aknadala Lielit., as S. & S. hiul it.
S. c5n-tl-a'-ca. An adjective formed from Cantium, a place in Britain, mentioned by
.luluis Ca-sar; now Kent, rngl.ind. '
S. hir-un'-do. See ///,
No. loO.
S. for'-ster-I To ,Joh; .{einhold Forster, who wrote, among many other things, a valuable
account of Hudson s Bay birds, publislied in 1772.
S. "lac-ru'-ra. Or. ^aHp6,, long, and olpa, tail. The word is often written monoum, ami
defensibly so, the full f.,,-,,, l,„i„„ ,„acn.u,ra. But it is pe.missible to shorten oou into
long «, as we habitually do in I. m-unm for hncoourus.
S. dou'-gal-li. To Dr. McDougall, of Scotland.
This stands as S. ,,nnulhea Briinn., of the orig. ed. But Briinniclrs bird being
unquestionably the Arctic Tern, No. 709, we do not see why the latter should not be
called iS. /mradisra.
S. sQp-er-cll-T-a'-rls. Lat. s„,,rraVnns or .s„prrdl!,w,s, supercilious; i.e., relating to the
eye-brow, supccdwm ; super and cilium. a hair ; because one raises the eyebrows in cxpres-
wr
I
m
124
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
802. Sterna trudeaui Aud. b g87. c 671. r C84. (is. a.)
Trudeau's Tern.
803. Sterna aleutica Bd. b — . c 672. r 689.
Aleutian Tern.
804. Sterna fuliginosa Gin. b g88. c 573. r coi.
Sooty Tern.
805. Sterna anaesthetica Scop, b — . c C74. R C02.
Bridled Tern.
806. Hydrochelidon lariformis (L., 1758) Coiios. u am. c 575. n C93.
Black Tern.
807. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Meisn.) lioic. b — . c 5756»s. u C94. (! e.)
White-winged Blaek Tern.
808. Anotis stolidus (L.) Gray. B C9G. c 576. u 695.
Noddy Tern.
809. Rhynchops nigra L. b 697. c 577. R 65C.
Black Skimmer.
i! '
Hr
• (
Pllfi
hi;
sion of certain omotions, as, surprise. But when surprised at anything, we question it,
or doubt it, and tliis implies a feeling of superiority in ourselves; lience luiuglitiness,
loftiness, even disdain and scorn, for tlie person or object wliieli nialves us siijierriliuus.
Super is the Gr. imfp. Cilium is tlie eyelid, before transfi'rred to the eyelashes ; it is tlio
Greek «i5Aa, the eyelids. Cilia, in the plural, has latterly been much used in the sciences
for any sort of little hairs or fringes, or Jldi/illa ; as, ciliated epithelium, &c. — Lat. antil-
larian, of the Antilles ; in the genitive plural.
802. S. tru-deau'-i. To Dr. James Trudeau, of Louisiana.
Included as North American on the authority of Audubon.
5-leu'-tI-c5. To the Aleutian Islands.
803,
804
805
806.
807.
808.
809.
S. fii-li-gln-o'-sS. See Canacc, No. 559.
S. Sn-aes-the'-tl-c5. Gr. itvaterOrtriKSs, insensible, unfeeling, not perceiving; hence, as
applied to this bird, stupid, foolish ; a or av, privative, and oiVOtjtikc^j, sensible, &c. ;
alaBiiais, sensation, perception, feeling; aurSivoixai, I perceive. We have the Englisli
(csllulic direct from the Greek, though tiiis has experienced a refinement of meaning the
original did not possess; also in medicine, aiiastlusia, the state of insensilwlity jiroduced
by such drugs as wther or chloroform, called from their proi)erty, aiiasilidic. The word
has been brutally written aiwslliata ; amcslhcia is one amendment already introduced, and
the above is a further improvement.
Hy-dro-chC-li'-don lar-!-for'-mts. Gr. liSap, water, and xf^'S"^", fi swallow, i. c., sea-
swallow. — Lat. lail/oi-iiii.i, gull-like, shaped like a gull: lams and/onna.
H. leii-cop'-t6-r5. Gr. \fVK6s, white, and irrfpov, wing.
North America in one known instance (Wisconsin); see Brewer, Am. Nat., 1874,
p. 188.
A'-n6-fls stfil'-I-dQs. Gr. Avoos or Hvous, literally mindless, unmindful of ; a j)rivative and
vovs, the mind, intellect, understanding. It is applied to the bird as exactly equivalent
to stolidus, or nna-sthetica, as stolid, apathetic, insensible, in view of its inditl'erenee to
the presence of man. — Lat. stolidus, stolid; related to stultiis, foolish, silly.
Rhynch'-5ps nlg'-r5. Gr. l>vyxo'< ''"' beak, and iiij/, the face ; well applied to a bird whose
extraordinary beak is such a prominent feature. — Lat. uijcr, feminine iilyra, black.
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
Via
810. Diomedea brachyura Tcmm. b csi. c 678. R 701.
Short-tailed Albatross.
811. Diomedea nigripes And. b — . c r>79. r 700. '
Ulack-footed Albatross.
812. PhcEbetria fUliginosa (Gm.) Cones. B C33. c 680, R 703.
Sooty Albatross.
813. Ossifraga gigantea (Gm.) Reich. B C34. C58i. R704. (!)
Giant Fulmar.
814. Fulmarus glacialis (L.) Stepb. B C35. c 582. U705.
Kulmar.
815. Fulmarus glacialis pacificus (Aiul.) Coues. b g3o. c 582a. r 705a. (?)
Pacific Fulmar.
816. Fulmarus glacialis rodgersi (Cass.) Coucs. B — . c 5826. R 7056. (?)
Rotlgcrs's Fulmar.
817. Priocella tenuirostris (Aud.) Ruljr. B C37. c 583. R 70c. (!)
Slender-billed Fulmar.
'., SL'il-
, 1874,
Ivo anil
liviileiit
Ijiic'C to
1 whose
810. DI-a-m€-de'-5 br5ch-y-u'-r5. Lat. Diomcdciis, adjective relating to IHomcdis or Aton-l)5ris,
Jove-coiinsi'iied, a Grecian Ihto famous at the siege of Troy : application pr()l)ably
fanciful. Pliny's Dioiiudetv, arcs were birds living on the Island Diomedea in the
Adriatic. — Gr. /Spoxui, short, and oZpa, tail.
811. D. nlg'-rl-pes. Lat. niijcr, black, and/».s foot.
812. Phoe be'-trI-5 fQ-lI-gln-o'-sa. Gr. (potffriTpia, a prophetess, soothsayer, like ipoi0d(rTp\a,,
J' .alidstria, another genus of this family inventei! by Heiehenbaeli ; tpot^dCw is to
prophesy; literally, to "play Apollo" with oracular utterances; *(u0os, I'hd bus, a
synonym of Apollo. These words arc with great propriety and correct .scnlimcut
applied to albatrosses, the import of whose weird presaging will be felt by one who reads
Coleridge's " Antient Mariner," or himself goes down the deep in ships.
813. Os-sI'-frS-ga gl-gan'-tg-S. Lat. (>,s-.s//;(('/i(.s', bone-breaking, from rw, genitive oasis, a bone,
and /riini/o, I break; in the perfect, /W'//, partiei|)le./i'/(/i/.s-; three fo.ins of the word
repeated in Knglish m fmnijihh', frwjilc, Jhwliiii : tlie Latin digammated from Gr. p-l^yvvfn;
the stem here seen giving an immense cro)) of words. — Lat. (//V/((»^ h.s, gigiintic, giant ;
the original " giants," (//(/(i/i/i.s-, ri7o>'T€s, were a race of Titans, who atlemptid to scale
high heaven; they were thi^ sons of Tartarus and Earth; but, being probably illcuiii-
niate, took the name of their mother; "gigantic" meaning literally "earth-born,"
yqyfvi)^; y^l, and ylyvo/xat.
Only North American as astray on the high sea.
814. Ful'-ma-rus gl5-cl-a'-lls. Fulmarus is arbitrary Latinizotion atfiilmnr, which is said to be
akin Xo fuUiiuirl, Jhuliimrt, ur fmimni, a polecat ; probably {nim/mil (dirty), and the root
of the word murder (Wharton's MS.). — Glaciulis, see llardda, No. I'M.
815. F. g. pa-cl'-fl-ctls. Sec A northura, 'So. 17.
816. F. g. r6d'-g6r-sL To Commodore John Kodgers, U. S. Navy.
817. PrI-6-cel'-la t6n-Q-I-ros'-trTs. Prion l/it wc do not reeogni/e, unless, perhaps, it is a
frightful concatenation of /V/oh and I'roidluriti, two well-known genera of this family.
French ornithologists were fre(iuently guilty of such atrocities; see F.mhrrnwira, No. 311,
for example. Agassiz gives it as /V/oii and I'rortlla. Prion is the (ir. Trpioii', a saw, from
the prominent teeth of tlie bill; for ProcdUiria, see below. — Lat. tuwirustris, slender-
li*
}\
lil
.1,-;
f\
' 1
It I
I
i
12G
CHECK LIST OF NOIiTII AMERICAN BIRDS.
if
818. Daptitim capense (L.) Stcpb. B639. c 584. r 719. (!)
Pintado Petrel; Cape Pigeon.
819. CEstrelata hcesitata (Kuhl) Coues. B 638. c 685. R 7i7. (!)
Bluck-capped Petrel. [See Ailileiida, No. 887.
820. CEstrelata bulweri (Jard. iJ^ Solb.) Coues. B — . c — . R 718. (G. !E.)
Biilwcr'a Petrel.
821. Halocyptena microsoma Coues. b — . c 58C. r 720.
Least Petrel.
822. Procellaria pelagica L. b c45. c 587. r 721.
stormy Petrel.
823. Cymochorea leucorrhoa (V.) Coues. b C42. c g88. r 723.
Leach's Petrel.
billed; tentd's, slender, slight; more literally thin, as if spread out thin; from tenuo,l
make thin, dilute, rarefy ; from Gr. rdvoi, I stretcli out, spread out, e.Ntend.
The bird is questionably North American, unles,s as astray on the high sea.
818. Dap'-ti-um c5p-en'-s6. Gr. Sarrnoi' or Sujttiov, a diminutive of Buttt?)* or Si^ttji, a diver.
This set of words vary in the vowels in diHerent dictionaries, and nuiy not all be found ;
compounds of them are seen in ornithology in eudi/pUn, eiKli/tm, &c. They are all from
one root. The above is almost universally written ilajition, but in transliteration fi'iuii
Greek to Latin becomes properly ilujiflum. — Capciisn, of the Cape of Good Hope, which
was the cape in those days ; Cajmt IJoiuv-S/wi, as it was calleil ; cujmt, head, a headland.
— " Pintado " is painted ; i. c, of variegated colors ; pimjo, I paint.
Only North Amerii.'an as astray on the high sea.
819. Oes-tre'-la-ta haes-I-ta'-tS. Gr. olarprjXaTos, literall)', goaded on by a gad-fly, {i.e., a
goad-fly), oiarpos, nxtnis, as cattle are; hence, goaded on in any way, as these wide-
ranging ocean birds seem to be by some mysterio\is inii)ulse whic'h drives them over the
waves. The latter part of the word, -lata, the " goaded on " part of the whole idea, is from
the Gr. i\avi/u), I urge on, drive. — Lat. luesilala, literally, stuck fast; luisiln, I stick fast,
intensified from li<rirn, I hang to, cleave to, niVierc ; in a tropical sense, I hesitate; the
latter is the application in this case, the dcscribcr of the bird being uncertain about it,
and therefore liatiUiliiKi to name it. When at length the above generic and specific
terms were combined, the bird was jiiit in the bad way of a stuck-fast gad-about !
Only North American as astray on the high sea.
820. O. bul'-wer-I. To Uulwer.
Oidy !North American as a straggler to Greenland. See Newton, 5Ian. Nat. Hist.
Greenl., 1875, p. 108 ; Freke, Zoologist, Septetnbcr, 1881, p. ;J78.
B^l. Hal-o-cyp-te'-na mic-r6-so'-ma. Gr. fi\s, genitive oaJs, the salt sea, oiki^j, swift, TrrT/rJj,
winged — Gr. /xtxpos, small, awfia, body; "the sharp-winged little sea-body."
823. Pr6-cel-la'-rl-a p6l-5'-gT-c3. Lat. proccUaria or prorellnsu, stormy, tenipestuotis, relating
to storm ; proreUn, a storm. — Gr. irf\ayiK6i, pelagic, relating to the sea ; thoroughly
Greek, but transliterable into Latin. — Petrel is commonly fancied to be a diminutive
of I'eter, Pitnix. who attempted to walk on the sea of Galilee, as these little birds seem
to be continually doing, in the way they patter over the ocean waves; but there are
manv forms of petrel, as petteril, pctcrel, lic, and the word may bo related to the verb
to patter, just used.
823, C>^-m6-ch6r-e'-S leu-cor'-rh6-S. Gr. Kv^a. genitive Kvnarot, the surging billows, and
xopda or xop')"' 'i choir, a dancing; literally, the wave-dancers. One of my critics has
favored me with an excellent reason why, according to his faithful dictionary, the
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
127
Hi:
824, Cymochorea melaena (Bp.) Coues. b C43. c 589. ii 724.
Black Petrel.
825. Cymochorea homochroa Cones, b — . c 590. ii 725.
Ashy Potrel.
828. Oceanodroma furcata (Gm.) Up, b g40. c 591. u 720.
Fork-tailed Petrel.
827. Oceanodroma hornbyi (Gr.) Bp. b (i4i. c 692. r 727.
Hornby's Petrel.
828. Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl) Coues. b C44. c 093. r 722.
Wilson's Petrel.
829. Fregetta grallaria (V.) Bp. b 640. c 594. r 728. (!)
Lawrence's Petrel.
830. Priofinus melanurus (Bonn.) Ridg. b 661. c 595. r 707. (!)
Black-talled Sbeurwater.
If-
824.
835.
826.
827.
823.
829.
830.
word ougl.t to have been rymalochorrutes. Wo would refer liim to liis dictionary again
for certain words beginning with sync- and cu,,/,-. The stem of the first part of tiie word
IS seen ni accunwiale, to roil up; of the second in rl,onl, choir, chord, choresis, or chorea
(bt. Vitus's dance), &c. — Gr. \(vk6s, white, and Sfi;,os, tlie rump.
mei-ae'-n5. Gr. fi^\as, feminine /ue'Aoiva, black. The orthography introduced by
Bonaparte, melanin, requires to be emended as above.
C. ha-mo'-chrd-a. Gr. dfiSs, equal, like, and xpcfa, color; in allusion to the unicolor
Iiluinnge.
6-c6-5n-6'-dr6-ma fur-ca'-t5. Gr. 'n^.arrff, Oceanus, the divinity of, and the ocean
Itself; supposed to be i/cJs, swift, an.l „^u,, I flow. See Amnwdnimus, No. 2.38, and
Jlildramtsm, Xo. 0(50.— Jm. fmratiis, forked ; furca, a fork.
O. horn'-by-J. To Admiral Hornby, U. N.
0-c6-an-i'-tes o-cg-an'-I-cQs. Gr. i«.aWT„,, a son of the sea; sprung from Oceanus.
hoe OccwMdromtt, Xo. 820.— Gr. i,K(aviK6i. oceanic.
Fr6-get'-ta gral-la'-rl-a. Frcfjetta, frcjcta, frerjakt, as variously spelled, is from the Ital.
Jrc;iuU,, Span. ,/,v,,/„^,, Ft. fri'iiatc, Eng. _/ri;,„t,- ; according to Diez, the Lat. fahrirai,, ■
orignuilly applied in French ornithology to the bird ealle.l man-of-war, Tnrhmlc's
aqmlus; applied by En-lish ornithologists about KW to some species of the present
family, and very lately taken by Bonaparte for a generic X,rm.- Gr„ll,r, among the
Romans, was a pair of stilts, the word being contracted from v'va/»/a. tliis from ,ir„dm,
a step ; and the Urallatorcs were people who acted on the stage on stilts. The word was'
early taken in ornithology for wading bir.ls, called ./m//,. or ,ir,illatons, from their length
of eg; from these words we have derived the Knglish adjectives ,,raUarial and ,jralh,U^
rml;jiM .,r,dlana is an obvious easy Latin derivative, though probably never used by
the Romans. ^
Only North American as astray on the liigh sea.
Pri-a'-nn-us m61-5n-u'-ri3s. Priofums, unless we are mistaken, is a dreadful concoction
ol prion and imfli„m, by the same victims of misapplied ingenuity who gave us PriocM, ■
see this. No. 817, and P,,(linu., next below. -Gr. /./a«s, genitive ^iXa.os, black, and
uipa, tail. '
Only North American as astray on the high sea.
FT
I
m
•1
!!■!
k.-U
i.ii; •'
iji i'
It ;
128
CHECK LIST OF NOIiTII AMERICAN BIRDS.
fSce Addenda, No. 888.
831. PufRnus kuhli (Boie) Bp. B — . c 690. R 708.
Cinereous Shearwater.
832. Puffinus major Fabcr. n 047. c 697. u 709.
Greater Shearwater.
833. Puffinus creatopus Coop, b — . c 698. R 7io.
Flesh-footed Shcarvvutcr.
834. Puffinus anglorum Tt-mm. B C49. c 599. R711.
Mauks Shearwater.
835. Puffinus obscurus (Gni.) V. b C50. c coo. r 712.
Dusky Shearwater.
836. Puffinus opisthomelas Coues. b — . c 601. R 713.
Black-vented Shearwater.
837. Puffinus fuliginosus A. Strickl. B648. c 602. R714.
Sooty Shearwater.
831. PQf'-fTn-Qs kuhl'-i. Two very different kinds of birds early received tlic name of pvffein
or pitj)iii: one of these, tl>e Friitfiritlu arctica, lias retained it in Enjiiisli, in place of the
old Knglisii cotiltcrncb (" plouglishare-nose "), which soon gave way; the French now
call it mm-tmiix. The other, namely, the shearwater, soon lost the name of pajfiii ; but
meanwhile /»(///» had been taken into the books, and, at the pen of those who wrote
their treatises in Latin, became pntliniis or pujiliinus ; and this was subsequently fixed
as a generic term for the Shearwater Petrels. We do not know the exact meaning of the
word, but suppose it has something to do with puff, as suggested by the stout, " puffy "
shape of the bodies of the Auks, as if puffed up. — Th^ sjjecies is dedicated to Dr. Ilein-
rich Kuhl, whose early death left much promise unfulfilled.
833. P. m5'-j8r. Lat. major, greater, comparative degree of moijinis, great.
833. P. cr6-at'-6-pQs. Gr. Kptas, genitive Kptaros. flesh, and irovs, foot ; in allusion to the
color of the feet. AVe see the same stem in the anatomical term pan-aras, " all-flesh."
834. P. an-glo'-rQm. " Pujjfimis amjlornm " is a curiosity. It simply says in Latin " the puffin
of the Kngllsh," just as one might cite rnjliiiiis Jmis/oni, the puffin of Jonston's treatise.
Willughby, edited in Latin in KiTO, called it " Puffinus Anglorum," meaning only that it
was the bird " called puffin in Knglish"; and Temniinck, in 18l!0, not unhappily made
the piirase generic and specific as the technical name of the bird. — '' Mcniks " or " Mini.i: "
is the name of the people and of their language, of the Isle of Man ; so " man.v shear-
water" is as if we were to say "the puffin of the Isle of Man." — " .Shearwater " is
defined by early ornithologists as "avis aqiue supcrjiciem rndens," — the bird that grazes,
skims, shaves, shears over the surface of the water ; rado, I shave, scrape ; the stem is
seen in erase, rnznr, &(r. See above, Piijjhius, No. 831.
835 P. ob-scu'-rus. Lat. 'ohscurus, dark-colored.
NoTi:. — There is doubt that the small dark shearwater of our South Atlantic coast
is the /'. ohsriirus of Gmelin, and Finsch has latel}' proposed fo call it P. aiididinni. But
until we have more light on this obscure group, we prefer not to disestablish several well-
settled names in this genus. See Kidg., Pr. Nat. Mus., ii, 1880, p. 12.
836. P. 5-pis-th8'-m8-15s. Gr. iJirio-fle, backward, and /it\oi, black ; a Greek way of saying
black behind.
Note. — This is supposed by some to be Puffinus gavia (Forst.).
837. P. fu-li-gln-o'-sfls. See Canace, No. 559.
VllKVK LIST OF NOliTIl AMI'lUCAN JlinjJS.
\-2d
838. Pufflnus amaurosoma Coiu's. n — . c f.on. u 715.
Spectral .Slioarwatcr.
839. Pufflnus tenuirostris Tcmm. n — . c r.04. u 7io.
Slonilor-blllod Shearwater.
840. Colymbus torquatus r.iiiim. n oits. c. cor., u 730.
Ureat Nurtlierii Diver or Luon.
841. Colymbus torquatus adamsi (CJr.) Coiios. n — . r oor.n. n 7W.
Yelluw-billcd Luon.
842. Colymlxis arctictis L. n (ii)!i. c coo. it 7^8.
ItlacU-throatcd Diver.
843. Colymbus arcticus paciflcus (Lawr.) Couos. B 700. c cooa. R 739.
Taeine Itlaek-tliroated Diver.
844. Colymbus septentrionalis L. i! 701. ccot. u 7io.
Kod-tliroiited Diver.
845. iEchmophorus occiclentalis (Liuvr.) Coiios. n 701. c oos. 11729.
M'estern fJrebe.
846. -<Echmophorus occiclentalis clarki (Lawr.) Cones. 1170,-.. coosa. 11730.
Clarlv's (irobe,
847. Poclicipos griseigena holboelli (Hoinh.) Couos. u 702. c cio. i: 7;!i.
Aineriran Itod-ncelied tirebo.
the
sli.
piillin
.'atise.
hat it
iiuulo
lanx "
shcnr-
;er " is
'razes,
tein is
coast
But
1 well-
jaying
838. P. a-maQ-r6 so'-ma. Or. a.uai/po'j, (hirk, dini, dusky, and (Tuua, body.
NoTi:. — 'I'liis is |)ri)hal)ly I'mr. ijiisca (\\\\., as iield by Fiiuscii and Salvin.
839. P. tgn-u-I-ros-trls. Si'o Pnordhi, No. 817.
840. C3-lym'-bus tor-qua'-tus. The I.iitin i-nli/mlmn U simply a translitcrntion from tlie Greek,
and has nollnnL; to do, notwilhslandinij the ^^reat siinilarit}-, wilii thi' jnirely Latin
culninliii. a diivc ; tlii' lattur htinu' not (iiei'k at all, nor tlio I'orincr Latin, e.\ci'i)t as
directly transftrrod from tlie (ircek. Tlie two words are consi'qtiently not related,
unless it hi> in a radical manner; Cor^'sen, liowcviT, considers them to be the same. (!r.
Ki\vfx{ins (ir K«Ati/i|8is, a diver or swinnner; KoAu,u/3aa), I dive, swim. The koKv/j^h of
Arislotk' was a species of ijrelie {/'oilici/i/s). — I.at. lon/iHitioi, see Asij)itli sinus, No. JoO. —
" Loon " is an old Scolcli word. See No. 874.
841. C. t. a'-dams-i. To Dr. V. H. Adams, of the British Navy.
842. C. arc'-tl-cus. See .S/.r'/d, No. 2'.).
843. C. a. pa-cI'-fl-cQs. See Anorlhiini, No. 77.
844. C. sep-ten-tri-o-na'-lls. Lat. srpi, nin'ounlis, northern; sriitritfrionrs, the nortli, nortliern
re^riiins ; si jitim-trin, tlie constellation of the Wain. See I'lirus, No. 15.
845. Aech-m6'-ph6r-us oc-cld-en-ta'-lis. (Jr. aix.u?'/, a spear, and </)op({5, bearin.c; in allusion
to the Ion;,', sIcikUt. sh.nrii bill. — For d't/iA «////>, see Demh-acn, No. IF!. — (Inhe is a
French word, the meaniiijj of which we do not know.
846. A. o. clark'-i. To J. 11. Clark.
847. P6d-I'-cI-pes grls-ei'-gSn-a hSl'-bogl-li. The extraordinary word "podiceps" has
excited much curiosity, and slimiUaled some ingenious surmises. As it stands, jiiulinps
seems to he the (Jreek irotJs, genitive vo56s, foot, and the Latin termination -rc/is. lU^not-
ing head ; and " foot-head " it has doubtless been taken to be by many, who, if tlilnkiii;:
of it at all, have felt vaguely tiiat some allusion was intended to the bird's sumertauliing
'!'
130
P'
I
* *
1
3
*\
1 1*'
' 1,1
^
1 , i
C//ffCA' /J57' OF NOJtril AMERICAN BIIWS.
848. Podicipes corniitus (Cm.) \a\W\. w im. r (in. i; 732.
Iluriicd (iiri-l)**.
849. Poclicipes aiiritus (L.) Lath, ii 708. c — . ii 7:!;i. (o.)
lCiiro|)(>aii 10a roil <Jrolio.
850. Poclicipes auritus californicus (Ilocrm.) Coiics. b 707. c ri2. n ~"?>n,
Aiiiorlcan Karcd <irt>I>o.
851. Podicipes dominicus (Ji.) Lnth. n 70Ha. r r.iM. n 7.14.
St. DoiiiliiKu CJrobo.
852. Podilymbus podicipes (L.) Lawr. 117011. v.i;u. \x':\:,.
l>le<l-bil!(><l Orcbc; I)ub-cliU-k.
853. Fratercula corniculata (Naum.) Cray. r. 71;?. r cm. n 714.
Horned I'lilllii.
ill till' wntcr, — uriiiii(? "licola over lipad," lis \vt' slinulil <iay. In dcriviiifr tlio iinino of
till' fainily ol' t^ri'.K's, fioiiio i'\iri(,iis words liavc lii^cii vi'iitiin-d ; iis /'odirij.inir, as if tlie
pcnitivu wtTc imdirijils, or I'diliriiiiliiKf, as if tiii' gciiitivi' won' junUriiiilis. Tlifn" is no
doiilit that jHiilicijiK, iukI I'Vcrytliiiin: diM'ivi'd fi'oiii it, is absurd. Wu liavf not traced the
word liaik of IT.'ilS, when it |iri)hahly orijiinatttl in a pispriiit. (ioiiin liaciv furlhi'r in
the aiiiiais of oriiitliolotjy, we soon eoine upon the word iii its jjrojier foriii, \\7,., juidiripts,
oecurrhi^' iipeincdiy in Wiiiiifildiy and various writers of alioiit lliat inriod. 'I'lie word
is the I.aliii junlrx, tjenitive yyoi/Zr/.s, the riiui]), l)Utti)eks, and pis, foot ; lieiii}; siniiily a
transhiiion into .atiii of a very vui^ar Iliijilisli name, llaviiip; crystallized in the shape
of iKiilln jis, \>y Latham's employ of the word as a fieneric term, ami then liceii used for a
century, it will not he easy to eradicate; imt the attempt should lie made to subslitute
the jiroper /("//(■//«>•. The genitive of this is podin'iKili.t, and the family name should he
I'<idi<ip< dii/ir. — Lilt, ip'iniiis, i^ray : i/iiin, eheek.
Xoii:. — There is no technical reason or excuse for iisinp tlio word at all. For
Ciili/iiiliii!<, lirisson, IT'in, is the jiroper name for the jxeniis of grebes, haviiij; meant
("irebe, not Loon, from the time of Aristotle to that of Limueiis, when the latter used it
for loons and urebes indiscriminatel)'. 'I'he loons were calU'd .l/"'/«.v by IJrisson ; and
J\iidi/I's, IJlJLrer, ISll, seems to be the teiiabk' Lri'Ueric name for llieiii.
P. cor-nu'-tus. Lat. rornulus, horned; runni, a born; in reference to the tufts of feathers
on the head.
P. aiir-i-tias. Lat. (viritns, eared; oioi'.s, an ear; Or. o5i, penilivc wtAs, ear; in allusion
to the auricular tufts of feathers.
•til American as occurring in Greenland.
848.
849.
850.
851.
653.
Not in the orif?. ed. ( ^\\\y North American a
P. cal-I-for'-nT-cus. To f'alifornia.
P. ddm-ln'-i-cijs. To the Island of St. L)omin.co.
Sec Dcndnrcn, No. 1'JO.
P6d-I-lym'-bus pfid-I'-cT-pes. The word padl/i/nihim, sometimes airtrravatcd into pndij-
limliiis, is a iicculiarly villaiKUis miscegenation of ii<}di\rips and cdlli/iiibiis ; see the latter
word. No. J<li\ iiud /'(
•'/"
No. HIT.
853. Fra-ter'-cii-la c6r-nl-c\jl-a'-ta.
Frulrrodii " is
iilar word, the apjilication of wliieli
to this bird is not (divious, and the form of wliich seems absurd: a r'liiiiidnr noun m(>aii-
ing
ittle lirother.'
rriitircnins
is a projier classical
•d, a diminutive of fi<it(
brother. l?ut there is no larger bird sufflciently near this s]ii
called the "little brother." Fnilt renin in ornithological writii
for the latter to be
j iniicli older than
1700, when Brisson made a genus of it, and we are inclined to think Uiat it is humorously
used ; all the more so by being made feminine, in the same spirit that proinjited the
comic writer I'lautiis to invent the verb //v//(,v»/", as lie did sm-mw, to signalize the
swellings of the breasts of boys, like <(iVH-brotliers, at puberty. If there be anything in
T ■
M
CHECK LIST OF SOUTH AMElilCAN lilltDS.
854. Fratercula arctica (I..) Stcpli. u na. c ois. ii 743.
('oiiiiiioii riilllii ; Sea I'liri-ot.
855. Fratercula arctica glacialis (Lcaeli) Couos. 13714. c oisa. u 743a.
Lai-KO-billtMl I'lilUii.
850. Fratercvila cirrata (I'all.) Stq)Ii. n til', 7i(i. v (iio. 1: 7.15.
Turted I'lilUii.
857. Ceratorhina monocerata (I'all.) Cass. 11 717, 718. (,• 0-0. u 7i(i.
IIorn-bllltMl Auk.
858. Simorhynchus psittaculus (I'all.) Sdil. n 7'."r.. ('(!-i. 1:747.
rarroiiiict Auk.
859. Simorhynclnis cristatellus (I'all.) Morr. u 7ii», 7::o. c g-_>. li 748.
Crested Auk.
860. Simorhynchus pygmaeus (Cm.) Ridg. » vi\. c-iw. n 74<).
M'liiMkcred Auk.
861. Simorhynchus pusillus (I'all.) Coucs. i! 7l'i:, 712:1. c (i-i. 11 7.-50.
Knob-hUlcd Auk.
862. Ptychorhamphus aleuticus (I'all.) IJrcU. ii vn. c 0-5. 11 751.
Aleutian Auk.
181
\
854.
855.
853.
857.
858.
859.
860.
861.
862.
this, tlR. api.li,.ation of tl,e word to tla^ hinls is to he sou-lit in thoir stout puiT:) shiip,.
that wiiR'ii apprais to havo caiLsfd the English word /»////». .See /'/////h»,s, No. HVA — \mI
conm:nl„Ui, hoinid, a din.inutivc of ronml,i.: referring to the aeul.. epidermal process oa
tlie upper eyelid, whleh is deciduous, huing shed like the liorns of duer.
F. arc'-tl-c5. iSeo Sktliu, No. 21).
F. a. gla-cl-a'-lls. See Ilaiddu, So. 7l'8.
F. cir-ra'-ta. Lat. drratiis or cinhah,.^, having eiirlcd locks, or ringlets, eurly-lmired •
cirrus or cirrl,,,.^, a curl of hair ; well applied to this oddly feather-tufted hird.
C6r-at-6-rhi'-na m6-n6-cer-a'-ta. (ir. „^pa!. genitive K.'paro,, a horn, and pis, genitive
/S.i/ds, the nose; alluding to the pn.ini.unt deeiduous horn which grows ni. from the
base of the hill, over the nostrils. - (ir. ^^Voj, only, alone, single, transliterated as Lut
mono-, in composition, and K^pa,, horn. Latinized as ciVas, caui;,, whence ."i adjective
form, ccraliis, horni'd; that is, unicorn, one-horned.
Si-ma-rhyn'-chijs psit-ta'-cfl-lijs. Or. ,r,^<,'i, tlat-noscd, snub-nosed, like the negro ; ^liyxos.
beak; well apjilied to these birds, wlio.se bills are singularly s'^aped. The same idea i.s
expressed in the Latin simia, an ape, whence our English .s/,„/„„, beconu^ a common
word since Darwinism has been so much discussed. -Lut. /.^ittaculus, a little parrot
dnninutiveof yi.s7',7,(n(,<. See iSitla, No. 57. '
S. cris-ta-tel'-lus. Lat, diminutive of rn's/()(»s, crested.
S. pyg-mae'-tjs. See s;i/„, Xo. t',\.
This is .^•. .7,/„/.sr/m/;,»s of the orig. cd. ; but Alra pyijiiuta Gm. is based on the younc
of the same si)ecies, called ,S'. cuasini by Coues.
S. pus-n'-liis. See Sllln, No. 00.
Pty-ch6-rham'-phus a-leij'-tl-cus. G
be
Ik ; wel
is known of other
will be found to gro
r. TTil genitive Trrvxis. a fold, and pdfi<pos, th
iihng to the wriidded covering of the bill; which, l)y analogy with wl
Kit
species, may be taketi as an indication that the soft i)art concerned
some kind of e.xcresceiK
of the Aleutian Islands, — the country of the people culled AleuL
•c, not yet discovered. — Lat. akudc
ia . 1
i
!i!'ii
!!, :Ft ::1
132
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
863. Alio nigricans Link. B 738. c 020. R 753.
Soa Dove; Dovekle.
864. Synthliborhaniphus antiquus (Gm.) Cotics. B 73c. c 027. R753.
Black-tliroatcd Auk.
865. Synthliboramphns umizusume (Toium.) Coues. B 737. c C28. u 754.
Tcmmiiiok's Auk.
863. Brachyrhamphus marmoratus (Gm.) Brdt. c 732, 733. c 020. u 75r).
31arbled Murrclet.
867. Brachyrhamphus kittlitzi Brdt. B 735. c G30. R 756.
Kittlitz's Murrclet.
868. Brachyrhamphns hypoleucus Xant. B — . c — . R 757.
Wliite-belllcd Murrelet.
869. Brachyrhamphus craverii (Salvad.) Coucs. B — . c — . R 758. (?)
Craveri's Murrelet.
870. Brachyrhamphus brachypterus Brdt. b 734. c — . R 759. (?)
Short-winged 31urrelet.
863. Al'-lS nlg'-ri-cans. AUc is a local dosigtiiition of this species and of Vria grtjUe. Its mcan-
iiij; wc do noi know. It was loiij; tiio siiccific! nanu' of the hinl, taken for tlie generic
by Link in ISOO. — Lat. tiiijriaiiin, present parti('ii)le of a supposed verh iiif/ricu, equivalent
to iiii/resro, I jj;ro\v black, am blackisli.
Tills stands In the orlg. ed. as Mayiilns alio : for the reason of the change, see Coues,
Bull. Xutt. Club, iv, 187'J, p. 211.
864. Syn-thll-bo-rham'-phfls an-ti'-qQ-Cs. C<r. (rvvO\if}ai, I compress; o-vy, with, and OKifio),
I press ; (ia.fi.(poi, beak. — Lat. uiitli/iiiis, antiiiue, ancient ; with refi'renee to tlie gray of
the head, like an old man's. Anlitiiois Is simply for niitlniKs, tins a form of diilinis, from
ante, bef(n'e ; one having retained the idea of being before In space, that Is, in front of,
the other having acquired the idea of priority In time, like didra ; the opjiosition in
either c.-'se is with jiosf, poslcti, behind, after.
865. S. Q-ml-zu'-sfl-me. This ap])alling word we know nothing about exeei)t that it is
transliterated from the .Taiianese, V'emmlnek having described the si)ecles from that
country ; " son nom japonais est irumiziisiiiiif," he says. We drop the w.
866. Brach-y-rham'-ph»is mar-mS-ra'-tQs. (ir. /Spoxyy. short, and /5aM<por, beak. — Lat. mar-
mnrotiis, marbled ; imirmor, marble; in allusion to the veined and clouded color. Marmnr
is the Or. fidpixapos, from fiapfialpo). I shine, glitter, sparkle, as did the beautiful white
stone which I'ra.xltelcs carved. — Miimirt is a. word coined by Coues in 18(J8 as a dimin-
utive of iiiiirir, like n'ritld. from river.
807. B. kUt'-lItz-I. To !•'. II. von Kittlitz, traveller and naturalist.
868. B. hyp-a-leu'-cfls. Or. iiru, under, and \evK6s, wlnte, meaning neither whitish nor under
the wliitc, but white nnderneatii.
Not In the orlg. ed. ; since recognized as probably valid.
869. B. cra-ve'-rt-i. To Sig. Fcderico Craveri.
Xot In the orlg. ed. ; since recognized as jierhaps distinct.
870. B. bra-chyp'-tg-rQs. dr. /Spaxi's, sliort, atid TrTf'poi', wing.
Not In the orlg. ed. (Since recognized by Kidgway. Paciflc Const.
%
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMEBICAN BIRDS.
871. Uria grylle (L.) Briinn. b 720. c «3i. r 76O.
Black Guillemot; Sea Pigeon.
872. Uria columba (Pall.) Cass, b 727. c 002. li 76i.
Pigeon Guillemot.
873. Uria carbo (Pall.) P,nlt. b 728. c G33. r 702.
Sooty Guillemot.
874. Lomvia troile (L.) Bidt. b 729, 730. c 634. R 763.
Common Guillemot; Murre.
875. Lomvia troile californica (Brj.) Coucs. b — . c -
California Guillemot.
876. Loinvi£', arra (Pall.) Coucs. B 731. c G35. R 7G4, 764a.
Tliick-billed Guillemot.
877. Utamania torda (L.) Lcacb. b 711. c gi6. r 742.
Razor-billed Auk.
878. Alca impennis L. b 710. c 615. r 741.
Great Auk.
133
R 763a. (?)
871.
872.
873.
874.
U -rt-a gryl - e. Gesner and others state tliat oip^a Is tl.o Greek name of a guillemot
or so.ne otl.er water birj. Uria occurs all through ornitholo,^- from Gesner and wa.J
n,a,le a genus by Br.sson in 17(iO. The n.eaning we do not know; perhaps akin to
ru.nun, Skr. nan, water. - OV/. is said to be from Gr. yp.KXi(., I grunt; the bird has
been ealle.l ^ibdans by some ; but ,jrisla and nrylle are X. European names.
U. c61-um'-ba. Lat. a,lumb„, a pigeon, applied in the same way that we call the bird
sea-pigeon ni English.
U. car-bo. Eat. ™w,„, a coal, .harcoal ; here used in allusion to the uniformly sooty
color, as if the bird were cliarred. ^ -^
Lom'-vl-a tro-i'-le. Lnnuria and hmria are two of many forms in which is found spelled
he ^..macular name of the bird, in Scotch. Fa,roese, and related languages; as Dan
La e. by Brandt for the generic name. - Troik, on the contrary, may be of classic origin
Troilus benig the son of I'riam ; also u..ed as synonymous with Trojan ; applicatio,: i^
:^,r"'' ;^ '::;:r.'^ '?': j-r^^r "^"-^'y -^ -""i""-"t toT.".^, t.. ic^
875,
876.
lander." Briiimich wrote it Tmille in 17(j"| (Om. Bor.' p.
877.
878,
L. t. cal-t-for'-nl-ca.
A'ot in tile oi'ij;
')•
Pertaining to the State of California.
. I'd. Since recognized by Uidgway.
^' uuf^'- !f: '"''", '"■ '"■'''"' "■■■" l""-^'''"^^'-i"""^T. "r a pledge in earnest of a contract
n .lught have been applied by Pallas to a bird in such deman.l by the native!; s to
serve as a sort of umt or standard of exchange in barter. '■ Salcrne savs the gr.at blue
!w;:;n;i.-Mssy'""' ''•'■'" "^'•"" ""— "- '~-^' to-ti. sc;.pairo;:^
U-ta-man'-I-5 tor'-da. Both these words are nu.re Eatini.ations of vernacular names
Lx.nun.a or uU,n„n,>a was in tl... bird-books long before Eeaeh n.ade a genus of it an.l
so was /o,v/ or tor.h„u/r. We do not know what these words tnean, further than that th .y
ZbinJ'r/"""". •'">;, ^"^-^ '«^"- I'l'^' P' 11")^ "Ad litora Creta. h.venitu;;
Huligenis Utamania dicta.
Al'-ca im-pen'-nls. A/m is not classic, being merely a Eatini.ation of ,he vernacular
i.ame, found in several different forms, as alk, alrL; alka, auk, au-k. The third of these
y:
f
i
Is
134 CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
is found in the old treatises written in Latin, and tlie change to alca is of course imma-
terial. The meaning of tiie word is in question. The form awk (wliich wc observe some
late English scholars use) might suggest a relationsliip vvitii iticLward, in view of these
ungainly fowl ; but awkward means simply left-iianded. tiuite probably alL is related,
and not distantly, to elk, the bird and the beast being the largest, or most notable, or
most prevailing animals of thuir respective kinds in the considi'iation of tiie jjcople.
But (dk is in Latin ulce (quite like ((/(</), and this is uniform willi the Greek a\KTi, mean-
ing strength, prowess; one of the names of Hercules, for example, being derived ti.ero
from. The probability tliat alk, dk, alee, and dA.Ki) are radically if not still more closely
related, is heightened by the other vernacular names of this bird, (jair-Jhwl , ijoir-fui/rl, &c.,
these qualifying prefixes being similar to tliose seen in yerfalivn, and recognized by
Steenstrup in inventing his genus Gymlca, the idea of size, strength, or other jjrcdomi-
nance being evident. If this be so, the (ilk, the 6\(;c-fowi, is the fowl, par ixcelliucc, as
elk, alee, is the great beast, as 6\c-falco is the falcon ; with the implication of some honor
or special esteem. Wc are thus led directly to HiemjUlco, whicli see, No. iOS. — Lat.
impcnnis, fcatherless, i. e., wingless, with reference to the diminutive wings, unfit for
flight; iM, negative, and /wn»a, a feather.
Though the Great Auk is extinct in North America, and has doubtle " disappeared
from the face of tlie earth, we still keep the place in memoriam of this "mov honourable
and antient fowle."
I.'
ADDENDA.
1.
The foregoing list of 878 names agrees with the analysis of tiio original and of
tJi',' i)resent edition of the Ciieck List: 778 - 10 + 110 = 878.* r„it hi tlie course
of tlic year during whicli tills edition has been printing, the following ten addi-
tions to the bird-fauna of North America have been announced:
879. Parus meridionalis Scl. b 292. c . r 43.
Mexican Titmouse.
830. Myiarchus crinitus cooperi (Bd.) Coues. B 133. c
Mexican Great-creste;! Flycatclier.
831. Antrostomns vociferus arizonae Brewst. B — . c
Arizona WhippoorwiH.
832. Buteo brachyurus V. b _. c — . r _. (tg. a.)
Sliort-tailea Buzzard.
-. R 311.
-. R — .
■ii.
'■■}..
879. Pa'-rQs mg-rl-dl-o-nr-lls. Lat. mcrul!ona!;s, southorn, southerly; for meruiMS, from
nil ru/irs, iiuddny, noon. ^
Not in the orifT. chI. Si„-^o ns.Trtaincnl to occur in Arizona. Brewst., Bull. Xutt.
t !iil>, VI, No. 4, October, 1S81, p. 2.j2.
880. Myi-ar'-chus cri-nl'-tiJs coo'-pSr-i. To AVilliani (^,opor.
Xot in tlie ori-. e,l. Since ascertained to occur in Arizona. 15rewst., Cull. Kutt
Clul), vi, N'o. 4, Octolier, 18.S1, p. 2r'2.
881. An-tro'-sta-mus vo-ci'-f6r-fis a-rl-zo'-nae. '('., ;!„■ Terr-forv >.f Arizona.
Xot in the orifT. e,l. Since d. perilled from Arizona, iirewst., Bull. Xutt. Club vi
Xo. 2, Ap-il, 1881, p. Oi),
882. Bu'-te-o br5-chy-Q'-rQs. Or. ffpaxi^, short, and o7'pa. tail.
Xot in the oriff. ed. Since ascertained to occur in Florida. Sec Ridg., Bull. Nutt.
Club, VI, \o. 4, October, 1881, p. 210.
* The stereotyped plates of the introductory padres, indicating 878 names, with 110 additions
nave been punclied to give the total of 888 with 120 additions.
136
CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMFRICAN PTEDS.
833. Buteo fuliginosus Scl. b — , c — . u — . (!s. a.) (?)
Sooty Buzzard.
884. Eurynorhynchus pygmseus (L.) Pearson, n — . c — . R
Spoon-billed Sandpiper.
885. Fulica atra L. n — , v — . u — . (g.)
European Coot.
836. Fuligula ruflna (Pall.) Stoph. n —. c —. ii — . (!E.)
Rufous-crested Duck,
887. CEstrelata gularis (Peale) Brewst. B — . c — . u — . (!)
Oular Petrel.
888. Pufflnus borealis Cory. B — . c — . R — . (?)
Northern Sbearwater.
-. (!A.)
883.
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
B. fu-lI-gTn-o'-sQs. JjHt. fii!i(jinosiis, sooty, of a dark sooty color; fuli'go, soot.
Not in the orig. ed. Since ascertained to occur in I'"lorida (if really distinct from
B. brac/iiju.us). Sec Ridg., Bull. Nutt. Club, vi. No. 4, October, 1881, p. -212.
Eu-ry-n6-rhyn'-chfls pyg-mae'-Qs. (ir. tvpivu I dilate, widen, spread out ; from fvp\'i%,
broad; and jivyxos, beak. It is found s|)eiled in many dillerent ways; often iitiin- or
eurhiii; as if supposed to be eS and ^I'j or piv, the nose. — See Sitln, No. (il.
Not in the orig. cd. of the Check List. Since given by Ridgway as occurring at I'oint
Barrow, Arctic coast of Alaska, in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mi;s., No. 21, 1881, p. 85. We
are informed that the alleged occurrence is questionable.
FQl'-I-cS a'-tra. Lat. airr, atra, atrnm, black.
Not in tlie orig. ed. of the Check List. Since reported to liavc been obtained in
Greenland in 1870. See Ridg., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 21, 1881, p. So, and Fi'eke,
Zoologist, September, 1881, p 37-1.
FiSl-Ig'-ti-la ru-fi'-na. Late Lat. nijhiun, reddened, reddish, formed from m/us, of same
meaning.
Not in the orig. cd. of the Check List. Specimen said to liave been procured
in Fulton Market, New York, February, 1872, and to be now in the Nat. Mus. at Wash-
ington. Ridg., Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 21, 1881, p. So; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Club, vi,
1881, p. 173.
Oes-tre'-la-t5 gQl-a'-rls. Lat. rjulan's, pertaining to ffttla, the throat.
Not in the orig. ed. Since asccrlaiiu il to occur in New York. See Brewst., Bull.
Nutt. Club, vi, No. 2, April, 1881, p. 04.
Only North American as astray on the Ingh sea.
Puf'-fln-Qs b6r-e-a'-lls. Lat. Immtlis, northern.
Not in the orig. ed. Since described as new from Massacliusctts. See Cory, Bull.
Nutt. Club, vi, No. 2, April, 1881, p. 84.
LIST OF WORDS DEFINED.
^ Je (1). — This Index contains matter additional to or corrective of tliat in the body of the text.
Note (2). — The figures refer, not to the pagination of tlie book, but to the numeration of the names :
e. g.. Tardus, No. 1, not page 1.
Note (3). — When a word occurs in the List more than once, —as in cases of most generic and
many specific or subspecific names, — tlie reference is usually to the place where it is
first or best defined.
Note (4). — AVords differing only in termination, — as amcncan-us.-a.-Mm, — are usually not duplicated.
Note (5). — Generic names are distinguished by a capital initial letter.
al)breviatus, 522
alaudinus, 229
Aramodramus, 238
abcrti, 30!)
alba, 80
amccna, 204
acadicus, 384, 483
albatus, 096
Ampelis, 106
Accipiter, 494
albcola, 727
Amphispiza, 2-J8
accipitrinus, 473
albicilla, 5.33
anaisthetica, 805
Actodromas, 014
albicollis, 275, .395
Anas, 707
aciileata, 58
albifrons, 542, 092
Ancylochilus, 025
acuminata, 019
albigula, 307
anglica, 792
acutipennis, 402
albilora, 130
anglorum, 834
adamsl, 841
albocaudatus, 513
angustifrons, 455
jl'^chmophorus, 845
albolarvatus, 442
anhinga, 700
ilCgialitcs, 584
A! ja, 878
ani, 425. Said to be the Bra
^Egiotlius, 207
alcyon, 423
zilian name of the bird
ffigoccphala, 030
ak'utica, 803, rg2
anna;, 414
leneus, 315
aloxandri, 410
annectens, 204, 351
ii'sliva, 111
alicia;, 12
Anortliura, 70
ajstivalis, 251
Alle, 803
Anoiis, 808
aithcreus, 702
allcni (C. A ) 412
Anscr, 092
affinis, 04
alien! (,T. A.) 302
anthinus, 228
Agolajus, 316
alpestris, 82
anthracina, 528
agilis, 130
alpina, 023
Anthus, 88
aglaius, 337
altiloquus, 172
antillarum, 801
agrestis, 271
AhK'o, 401
antiquus, 804
aikeni, 202
amabilis, 545
Antrostomus, .390
Aix, 710
amaurosonia, 838
ApJieloconia, 354
Ajajii, 053
Amazilia, 419
Aphriza, 594
alascciisis, 78
anibigiius, 422
Aquila, 632
Alauda, 85
americana, 03
aquilus, 701
in
i
m
rm
ml
188
Uml<
m
W
'i m
LIST OF WORDS DEFINED.
Aramus, 071
Ardiibuteo, 525
nrctica, 29
arctoii, 208
Anloa, 0o5
Ardettii, (J(J7
arenarin, 027
argcntatus, 772
arizoiia;, 253
Arquatflla, 020
ttrra, biTO. Both conjectures
ill the text wrong. Simply
onoiiiatopwic; Itussian airie
or arm
arvensis, 85
Asio, 472
asio, 465
Astragalinus, 213
Astur, 40G
Asturina, 527
Asynilesnius, 450
ater, 313
atrata, 201, 538
atrieapillus, 44, 185
Htricilla, 780
atrigularis, 274
atrocristatus, 42
Attliis, 410. It is also a proper
name
niuluboni, 9, 120
aura, 537
aiirantia, 121
aiiratiis, 457
Hiiricapilius, 135
aiirifmns, 451
Auripariis, 50
auritiis, 849
aiistralis, 202
autumnalis, 706
bactiniani, 103
l)!iliaiiionsis, 153
Iminli, 224
l)!irl>atuliis, 172
IJnrtramia, 040
Bnsilinna, 407
hassana, 740
belli, 183
beiulirii, 21
bcrlnnilieri, 70
Bernieln, 009
bpwicki, 71
bicolor, 40, 280
bicristattis, 757
bilineata, 258
blackbiirnsc, 121. Tliis proba-
bly should stand D. aurantia,
Coucs
bonapartii, 017
Bonasa, 505
borealis, 32
boseas, 707
Botaurus, 000
bouuardi, 250. Pc.ncaa riijicrps
houcardi is not in the orig. ed.
Since discovered in Arizona
by II. W. Ilcnshaw, Ornith.
Wheeler's Surv., 1875, p. 117.
Brachyrhaniphus, 800
braehyrhynchus, 780
brachyptcrus, 870
braehyura, 810
brenta, 700
brevirostris, 784
breweri, 273
brewstori, 211. The dubious
Linota hrewsteri may be a
hybrid between ^Ki/inthus li-
naria and Chrijsomitris piniis.
See Brewst., Bull. Nutt.
Club, vi, no. 4, Oct. 1881,
p. 225
brunneicapillus, 03
Bubo, 402
buccinator, 088
Budytes, 87
buffoni, 707
bullocki, 327
bulweri, 820
Buteo, 512
Butorides, 003
cabanisi, 424
cacliinnans, 775
ca."rulea. See cocrulca
Calamospiza, 280
calendula, 33
Calidris, 027
calliope, 417
Callipepla, 577
Calothorax, 418
calurus, 517
Calypte, 415
Campepliilus, 431
Camptolajmus, 729
Canipylorhynchus, 03
Canace, 555
canadensis, 59, 149
canatiica, 008
candicans, 501
candissima, 059
caniccps, 205
caiUiaca, 790
cantianus, 591
canus, 779
canutus, 020
capeiise, 818
capitalis, 302
carbo, 873
Cardellina, 150
Cardinalis, 299
Carolina, 450, 079
carolinensis, 10
carpiilis, 257
Carpodacus, 194
caspia, 793
cassini, 178
castanca, 123
Catlmiista, 538
Cathartes, 637
Catherpes, 00
caudacutus, 240
caurinus, 342
cedroruni, 100
celata, 107
CentrocercHS, 500
Centrophanc.s, 220
Ccnturus, 450
Ceratorhina, 857
Certhia, 02
Certliiola, 153
cerviiiiventris, 420
Ceryle, 423
Chajtura, 405
Chamaja, 39
Chaina'pelia, 547
Charadrius, 581
Cliauklasnius, 711
Chen, 094
cheriwa}', 635
Chloophaga, G98
chlorurus, 310
Chondestes, 281. P. 57, penul-
timate line, for cliondrestcs f
read chondn ilcslcs 1
Choriledilos, 309
Cliroicocephalus, 780
chrysaiitus, 532
chrysoides, 458
chrysolacma, 84
Chrysomitris, 212
chrysoparia, 115
chrysoptera, 102
cinclnnatiensis, 101. ITcJmin'
thophiuja ciiwinnatiensis may
LIST OF wouds defined.
139
be a liybrid between //. pinus
and O/iorornis J'wiiiusii. See
Jiu]g., Bull. Nutt. Club, V,
. 1880, p. 2;J7
cincinn.itus, 752
Ciiic'lus, 30
c'iiietus, 62. Pans cinctus is not
in the orig. ed. Sinee nseer-
taincd to oeeur in Alaska.
See Bull. Nutt. Club, ii, no.
1, Jan. 1877, p. 37
cinerescens, 375
cinereus, 22, 250
cireuincinctus, 588
Circus, 489
ciris, 292
cirnita, 850
Cistotliorus, 81
citrea, 05
Clangula, 725
clypeata, 718
Cocej'gus, 428
cocrulea, 30
cocrulescens, 117
Colaptes, 457
collaris, 722 ,
colubris, 400
ColuMiba, 530
coluniba, 872
colunibarius, 505
colunibianus, 344
Colyrnbus, 840
confinis, 3, 2.33
conspcrsus, 07
Contopus, 380
Conurus, 400
eooperi, (J. G.) 1-50
cooiHTi, {Wuh) 405
cora.x, 338
corniculata, 853
eornutus, 848
coronata, 110, 279
Corvus, 338
costa;, 415
Cotile, 103
Coturnlculus, 2.34
coturniculus, 082
coturni.x, 570
couclii, 372
couesi, 021
cravcrii, 809
crcatopus, 833
crecca, 714
crepitans, 073
Crex, 083
crinitus, 373
crissalis, 25, 308
cristata, 349
cristafellus, 859
Crotophaga, 425
cryptoleucus, 330
eucullatus, 328, 745
cunieularia, 487
fupido, 503
Cupidonia, 503
curonicus, 500
curvirostra, 109
curvirostris, 19
cyanea, 205
Cyanecula, 31
cyaneus, 480
cyanocephalus, 332
Cyanoeitta, 349
cyanoptera, /17
Cygnus, G88
Cyniocliorea, 823
Cyrtonyx, 578
dactylisonans, 579
Dafila, 710
Daptium, 818
delawarensis, 778
Dendrocygna, 705
Dcndraca, 111
derbianus, 3(54
Diehromanassa, 001
difflcilis, 380. Empidonax flavi-
vriilris difficiUs was not recog-
nized in the orig. ed.
dilophus, 751
Dioinedea, 810
discolor, 127
discors, 710
Dolichonyx, 312
domesticus, 74
doniiiiica, 120
doniiniccnsis, 369
dorsalis, 200
dougaili, 800
dresseri, 734
eb\irnea, 785
Kctopistes, 543
cgrctta, 058
Elanoi'des, 493
Elanus, 492
elcgans, 521, 076
Einboriiagra, 311
Etnpidonax, .384
Engyptila, 542
cnuclcator, 100
t!ri"inoe'cft, 250 his. Prura-n r.c,
Brown, Bull. Nutt. Club, vii,
Jan. 1nS2. p. 2<), Texas. (()—
(ir. ip'ifius, a desert; oi/ct'oi, I
inhaljjt
Ereni()])hila, 82
Ereiinetes, 012
Erisniatura, 741
erythrina, olO
crytlirocephalus, 453
erythrocercus, 374
erythroplithalnms, 301
Eudociinus, 051
Eugenes, 408
Eurynorhynchus, 884
excubitorides, 188
exilipes, 210
exilis, 067
falcinellus, 049
Falco, 407
fallax, 245
faniiliaris, 02
fasciata, 30, 244
ferina, 723
ferrugineus, 331, 485
fischcri, 732
flammeolus, 471
flammeus, 401
tlaviceps, 50
flavifrons, 170
flavipes, 034
flavirostris, 211
flavi vontris, 388
flaviviridis, 171
flavus, 87
Florida, 602
floridanus, 341
fcrda, 628
forficatus, 307
formicivoriis, 454
forniosa, 140
forstcri, 798
franklin i, 556
Fratercula, 853
Fregetta, 820
frontalis, 353, 196
frugivorus, 340
fulgens, 408
Fulica, G80
fulicarius, 604
fuliginosa, 550
Fuligula, 720
Fulniarus, 814
fl'lil
;
iil;'
i^h
w i
i
I
5. j
11
1
It i.
1
\u
8
\ ' \'
ir<
1 ■ 1 '.'
'1
140
fiilvifrons, 392
fulvigiila, 700
fulvus, 682
fiiiiiifrons, DGO
f iinorea, 480
furcata, 701, 826
fiiscc'scens, 7
fiiscicrerulcsccns, 611
fuscocaudata, 419
gairrlncTi, 441
Kiilbiila, 320
galoata, 084
Gallinago, 007
Gallinula, 084
gallipavo, 553
ganil)eli, 278
Garzetta, 05!)
Gc'oi'ot'cj-x, 427
Gc'othlypis, 141
Geotrygon, 550
pigantea, 813
gilvus, 174. Should probably
stand as \'ino ochrolrucust
Coues
glacialis, 728
glottis, 035
glaucesccns, 770
Giauc'idium, 484
glaucium, 725
glaiifiis, 492, 708
glioma, 484
graciaj, 128
grallaria, 820
gramincus, 232
granimieus, 281
griscigpiia, 847
griscinuclia, 205
griseus, COO
grubcri, 520
Grus, 008. See JMiiller, Nat.
Syst. Suppl, 1770, p. 110;
Cass., Pr. riiila. Acad., 1864,
p. 245
grylle, 871
guaramia, 050
gubcrnator, 317
Guiraca, 201
gularis, 887
guttatus, 231
Gyinnocitta, 345
gymnostoma, 072
liafmastica, 620
Hu3tnatopus, 605
LIST OF WORDS DEFINED.
haesitata, 810
Ilaliaetus, 63?
Imliavtiis, 6:'''
Ilalocyptun,
haiiimondi, '&...
Ilarelda, 728
liarlani, 515
llarporliynclius, 17
liarpyia, 531
barrisi, 430
licermanni, 248
Ilelniintlicrus, 90
llelminthopbaga, 08. Accord
ing to Ridgway, Bull. Nutt
Club, vii. no. 1, Jan. 1882, p
53, the name HclminthopluKji
is preoccupied, and it has con
sequently been changed by
biin to Udminthopliila
beloisne, 410
helvetica, 580
henryi, 400
henslowi, 230
liepatica, 157
Ilerodias, 058
herodias, 055
llesperocichln, 5
Ilesperopliona, 189
Ileteroscclus, 042
hiaticula, 589
hienialis, 70
Ilimantopus, GOl
liimantopus, Oil
Ilirundo, 159
liirundo, 707
Ilistrionicus, 730
holbwlli, 208
lioniochroa, 825
liornbyi, 827
hornenianni, 209
horreorum, 159
hudsnnicus, 49, 645
huteliinsi, 704
huttoni, 182
llydranassa, CGO
Ilydrochclidon, 806
hyemalis, see hienialis
Hylocichla,
Ilylotomus, 432
hypcrboreus, 003
hypocbrysea, 133
hypogaja, 487
hypoleucus, 868
lache, 421
Icteria, 144
icterocephalus, 319
Icterus, 323
Ict.'nia, 491
ignea, 300
iliacus, 4, 282. Turdus iliaats
is not in the orig. ed. Green-
land. Keinh., Ibis, 1861, p.
iliinoensis, 252
iniberbe, 303
inipennis, 878
inca, 649
incanus, G42
inornatus, 41
intermedia, 277
interpres, 698
lonornis, 085
Iriiloprocne, 160
islandicus, 500
jama'icensis, 081
Junco, 201
kcnnicotti, 400
kirtlandi, 131
kittlitzi, 807
kotzebuii, 783
kridori, 519
kuhli, 831
labradorius, 729
Lagopus, 5G8
lagopus, 525
lapponicus, 220
lariformis, 80(>
Larus, 708
latirostris, 421
lawrcncii, 09. Ilelminlhnphafja
laurciicii may be a hybrid
between //. pimis and //.
chriisojttira . See Brcwst. Bull.
Nutt. Club, vi, no. 4, Oct.
1881, p. 218.
lecontii, 24
lecontii, 237
leucobrouchialis, 100. Ildmin-
thopwja kucohronclnaUs may be
a hybrid between 11. pintm
and //. chnjsoptcra. See
Brewst., Bidl. Nutt. Club, vi,
no. 4, Oct. 1881, p. 218
leucocephalus, 534
leucogaster, 72, 747
leucolajma, 83
leucoparia, 703
LIST OF WORDS DEFINED.
141
leucoplirys, 276
Iciicopsis, 699
k'ucnptora, 198, 646
li'iicorrlioa, 823
LouL'ostic'tc, 201
k'ticiiriis, 570
F>imi)sa, G28
liiiaria, 207
linuolni, 242
linoatus, 520
Liiiota, 211
litoraliti, 204
I.obipcs, f)03
loculator, 048
Lonivia, 874
longicauda, 145
longirostris, 18
Lopliopliancs, 40
Lopliortyx, 575
Loxia, 198
lucasanua, 436
luciic, 104
lucifor, 418
ludoviuianus, 68, 187
lunifrotis, 102
luti'ivontris, 365
lutt'scens, 108
luxuriosa, 358
niaccalli, 408
niacfowni, 223
niacgillivrayi, 143
Maulii'ti's, 039
niacroloplia, 3o2
Macrorlianiphus, OOO
macniriis, 333, 799
maciilarius, 038
niaculata, 016
maculosa, 125
magna, 320
major, 334, 832
Mareua, 712
niarila, 720
niarinus, 771
maritimus, 238
marmoratus, 8G0
inartinica, 550, 685
maruotta, 078
massena, 678
maxima, 794
niaxwollip, 407
media, 007
nicgalonyx, 305
megarhynclia, 285
melaena, 824
molancholicus, 372
MelanorjJL's, 453
melanoci'plialus, 599, 200
mt'lunolfiicus, 033
melanotis, 55. Psalln'pnrus
nwlaiwtis has lately hceii
dcflnitely ascertained to oc-
cur in Arizona
melanura, 37. According to
Brewster, Poliojitila melanura
sliould read /'. adijhrnica. See
Bull. Nutt. Club, vi, p. 103
melanurus, 830
Melcagris, 553
mclodus, 587
Molopelia, 540
Melospiza, 242
merganser, 744
Morgus, 743
meriJionalis, 879
mesoleucus, 300
mexicana, 28
niiamiensis, 09. Thrt/othorus
liulofiriaiins niiamiensis is not
in the orig. ed. Since de-
8(Tibcd from Florida. Am.
Nat., ix, 1875, p. 469
Micratiiene, 480
Micropalama, Oil
microsoma, 821
niigratorius, 1
Milvulus, 300
Mimus, 15
minimus, 53, 387
minor, 005, 401
minutilla, 014
minutus, 730
niitratus, 140
Mitrephorus, 302. This generic
term being preoccupied in
Coleoi)fera, Mitrcphnncs is
substituted (Or. /uiVpTj, mitre,
(paivw, I appear). See Coucs,
Bull. Nutt. Club, vii, no. 1,
Jan. 1882, p. 55
Mniotilta, 91
mollissima, 733
Molothrus, 313
monocerata, 857
montanus, 14
monticola, 208
moreleti, 290
morio, 346
Motacilla, 86
motacilla, 138 I
mugitans, 606
musicus, 090
mustelinus, 6
Mycteria, 054
Myiadestcs, 160
Myiarclius, 373
Myiodioctes, 140
Myiodynastes, 365
n«;viu8, 6, 136
nanus, 10
nebulosa, 476
neglectus, 61.
Pimis riifiscens
ne.ijlcclus is not in the orig.
ed. Since described by Hidg-
way, I'r. Nat. Mus., i, 1879,
p. 485. California
nelsoni, 241
Neocorys, 90
Neplifficetes, 404
Nettion, 715
nevadensis, 200
niger, 404
nigrescens, 110, 237
nigricans, 378, 701, 863
nigrilora, 94
nigripes, 811
nitens, 107
nivalis, 219
nivosus, 591
Nomonyx, 742
notabilis, 137
notatus, 218
noveboracensis, 181
nuclialis, 447
Numcnius, 043
nuttalli, 348
Nyctala, 482
Nyctea, 479
Nycterodius, 005
Nyctiardea, (i64
Nyctidromus, 305
obscnrus, 314
obsnietus, (i5, 499, 674
occidentalis, 40, 113, 478
oceanicus, 828
Oceanitos, 828
Oceanodroma, 82G
ochropus, 6.36
(Edemin, 737
CEnanthc, 26
ffistrelata, 819
olivaeeus, 170
Onychotes, 529
m
142
LIST OF WOItDS DEFINED.
i J
I
■'i-
'|i,
i m
U ih||
\ ii
h.\\
opistliomc'lns, 830
Oporornis, lUO
orc'fjonus, 2U3
or!iiitiis, i2'J2
Ornithiiiin, 393
Orortyx, TtT-l
Oroscoptes, 14
Ortalis, 552
Ortyx, 571
oryzivoriis, 312
(Kssifriign, 813
ostrili't'us, 505
pnoificus, 77, 404
Pagopliila, 786
palliatiis, 500
pailiila, 272
pnlliilicincta, 504
palniarum, 132
paliiu'ri, 20
paliiilicola, 80
palusii-is, 70. 243
randioii, 530
Paiiyptila, 403
parasiticus, 700
parisioruin, 320
parkinani, 75
Tarra, G72
Parula, 03
Pariis, 44
I'asscr, 102
PassiTcuIus, 224
Passtrclla, 2S2
Passcrina, 202
pnsscrinns, 234, 547
ponlii, 504
Pcdia'ct'tf's, 501
pc'lagiLM, 822
pi'lasgica, 405
Poii'canv.s, 748
Pc'lidiia, 023
pcnclopp, 712. Qu. penelops
penicillatus, 755
pcnnsylvanica, 124
pcrcgrina, 100, 503
I'orisoreus, 350
pcrpallidus, 235
perspicillata, 730, 756
portinax, 381
Pftrocliflidon, 102
PeucKa, 251
Peuct'drainus, 110
phajopus, 044
Plinctlion, 702
Phainopcpla, 167
Plmlncroeornx, 750
Phalirnuptilus, .308
Phalaropiis, Got
I)liasiaiH'llus, 501
Philadelphia, 142
philadi'ljihicus, 173
Philohela, 005
Phcpbetria, 812
phopnic'cus, 310
Pha'iiicoptcrus, 087
Phonipara, 207
Phylloscopus, 32
Pica, 347
Picicorvus, 344
Picoidcs, 443
picta, 151,221,674
Picus, 433
pilcatus, 432
pik'olatus, 148
Pinicola, 100
pinus, 08
Pipilo, 301
Pitangus, 304
plagata, 527
platyccrcus, 413
Plectrophancs, 219
I'U'gadis, 049
Plotus, 700
plunihoa, 38
pluvialis, 583
J'odasocys, 502
Podicipcs, 848
podicipcs, 852
Podilynibus, 852
Poli.jptila, 30
Polyborus, 635
polyglottus, 15
ponatorhinus, 705
Poc '00108,232
popefue, 309
l'orzana,078
pratcnsis, 88, 070
pratincola, 401
princc'ps, 225
principalis, 431
Priocclla, 817
Priofinus, 830
Procollaria, 822
Prognc, 105
propinqnus, 2. Tttrdns viigra-
toriits propiiiqw's is not in
the orig. ed. Since de-
scribed by liidgxvay, Bull,
Nutt. Club, ii, no. 1, Jan.
1877, p. 9. Western U. S.
Protonotnria, 9f.
psaltria, 215
I'saltriparus, 53
P.scu<l()gryphus, 530
I'silorhinus, 310
psittacnlus, 858
ptilocncniis, 022
I'tychorhamphus, 802
pidicscons, 410
I'uffliius, 831
pugnax, 030
purpuroH.s, 194
pusilla, 00
pygnia;a, 01
I'yranga, 154
Pyrocci)lialus, .394
Pyrrhula, 101. The difficulty
with P. cassini may be owing
to wrong sexing of the single
known specimen
Pyrrhuloxia, 208
Querqnedula, 713
querula, 280
Quiscalus, 333
Rallus, 073
Rocurvirostra, 000
rcdivivus, 23
Hegulus, 33
resplendons, 759
rli()(l<)C(dpus, 197
IJhodoslethia, 780
Rliyacopliilus, 036
l{liynclioplianos, 223
Rhynchops, 800
richardsoni, 383
riparia, 103
Rissa, 782
rodgcrsi, 810
rosea, C53, 789
rossi, 007
rostratus, 230
RostrhanuKs, 490
ruber, 448, 052
riibida, 741
rubincus, 394
rubra, 154
rubrifrons, 150
rufcscons, 50
ruficapilla, 100 *
riificeps, 255
ruflna, 247, 880
rufovirgata, 311
rufus, 17
LIST OF WORDS DEFINED.
143
rupcstris, GCO
rustiua, ;J17
rustiuiila, 1)00
rutiuillu, 152
s.ibinii (J.), 607
siibinii (K.), 7011
K.icor, 4U8
Siilpiiictc's, (15
Biiiiiuolis, 210
s.'iiiftijoliiinnis, 525
8iui(Jvici.'nsis, 220
Biitnipii, "A
satunitus, 075
savuiin, 227
saxatilis, 403
Saxiuola, 20
sayi, ;{77
Sayiornis, 377
scaiaris, 434
scandiaca, 479
Scaiilafclla, 540
scliistaci'a, 284
Scolecopliagus, 331
8Colo])a(.'ciis, 610
Suolopax, 006
Scops, 405
S -.ytiaptex, 474
Sulaspliorus, 411
soinipalmatus, 580
seiiiculiis, 430
soptc'iitrionalis, 45
scrrator, 744
sorripennis, 164
Sotopliaga, 151
Sialia, 27
sialis, 27
Slmorhynchus, 858
sinuata, 298
Sitta, 57
Siurus, 135
skua, 704
siuitlisonianus, 773
soL'iabilis, 400
solitarius, 177, 637
Soinateria, 731
8i)arveriouk's, 510
sparverius, 509
s|)L'ctabilis, 730
Spuotyto, 487
Spermophila, 206
Spliyropicus, 446
spilurus, 73
Spiza, 287
Splzella, 268
sponsn, 719
81)raguli, 00
8puriu8, 324
sqiiamata, 577
Sqiiatarola, 580
Starmi'iias, 551. Ital. starna, a,
partridge
Stc'ganoijus, 002
Stc'gidopturyx, 164
stc'liaris, 81
stcilori, 350, 731
Stellula, 417
Sterc'orarins, 764
Sterna, 702
stolidus, 808
stroporus, 711
Strcpsiias, 508
striata, 122
8triatulus, 407
Btricklandi, 437
Strix, 474
SturiiL'lla, 320
Sturnus, 303
fiubarquatus, 025
subuocrulea, 491
subis, 105
subviridis, 384
suckleyi, 506
suec'ica, 31
Sula, 740
sulcirostris, 420
8iiporeiliari8, 801
Surnla, 480
swaiusoni, 13, 07
Sympheinia, 032
Syiitliliboraniphus, 805, pessim€,
lege
Synthliborhamphus, 804
Tachycineta, 161
Tachypotes, 701
taitonsis, 047
Tantalus, 048
Telniatodytes, 79
tcngmalmi, 482
tenuirostris, 817, 839
toplirocotis, 203
Tctrao, 603
texonsis, 402
tlialassina, 101
Thrasyaiitus, 531
Tiiryotliorus, j8
tliyro'fdt's, 449
tigrina, 120
torquatus, 456
Totantis, C33
townsuiidi, 114, 109
trauhyrhynchus, 748
trailli, 385
triclias, 141
tricliopsis, 470
tricolor, 318
tridac'tyla, 782
Tringa, 020
Tringoidc's, 038
tristis, 213
Trochilus, 409
Troglodytes, 74
Trogon, 422
troilf, 874
trowbridgii, 740
trudeaui, 802
Tryngites, 641
Tunlus, 1.
Tyrannus, 308
tyrannus, 300
ultramarina, 357
ulula, 481
unibella, 505
unibclioi'dfs, 500
uniizusunio, 805
unalasca;, 8
unalasuonsis, 283
unicinctus, 512
Uria, 871
urophasianus, 500
uropyglalis, 452
Urubitinga, 528. U. anthraciua
is not in the orig. ed. Since
discovered .in Arizona by H.
W. Ilenshaw, Am. Sportsm.,
V, Feb. 1878, p. 328
ustulatus, 11
Utaniania, 877
vallisnoria, 724
Vanellus, 693
varia, 91
varius, 440
vauxi, 406
verniivorua, 90
versicolor, 293
verticalis, 370
vespcrtina, 189
vicinior, 180
villosus, 438
violaceus, 605, 758
virens, 112, 144
Vireo, 170
I
i
m'll
144
vircscpns, OflS
virgata, 5'J4
virginiu!, 105
virgininim, 209
v-nigra, T.'Jo
vocifurans, 371
voeiftTus, 397, 584
vulgaris, 3ti3
LIST OF WORDS DEFINED.
wliitnpyi, 480
wilauniua, 585
wiUonianus, 472
woUwt'beri, 43
woodhousii, 855
Xanthocuplmlus, 319
Xauthuru, 358
xantusi, 407
Xeina. 7'JO
Xenupieu8, 442
Zaiiidudiu, 28*J
Zoiinida, 545
ZcnuiUura, 514
Zouutrichia, 276
APPENDIX.
CATALOGUE OF THE AUTHOR'S ORNITHOLOGICAL
PUBLICATIONS, 18G1-188L
♦ Anonyhocs.
t Reviews.
1861.
1. •Ornithology.- WasJdngton Described, pp. 24-27. (12mo. WashiiK^on
Philp & Solomons, 18G1.) ° *
A slight sketch of the Birds of the District of Columbia.
2. A Monograph of the Tringcfc of North America. — />roe. Acad. Nat. Set
rhila., xiii, July, 1801, pp. 170-205.
3. Notes on the Ornithology of Labrador. — Proc. Acad. Kat. Sci. Phila xiil
August, 1861, pp. 215-257. "' " ''
4. A Monograi)h of the Genus iKgiothus, with descriptions of new Species. —
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xiii, November, 1861, pp. 373-390.
1862.
5. List of Birds ascertained to inhabit the District of Columbia, with the times
of Arrival and Departure of such as arc non-residents, and Brief Notices
of Habits, etc. By Elliott Coues and D. Webster Prentiss. - Sixteenth
Ann. Pep. Smiths. Inst., for 1801, 1862, pp. 399-421.
6. Synopsis of the North American Forms of the Colymbida; and Podicipida;. —
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xiv, April, 1802, pp. 220-233.
Abstract of a monograph published in full in Birds of the Northwest, 1874.
7. Revision of the Gulls [Larinje] of North America; based upon specimens in
the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., xiv, June, 1802, pp. 291-312.
^^580-n7* * monograph published in full in the Birds of the Northwest. 1874, pp.
TT
146
APPENDIX.
)i.
ffl.V
I', ;t
8. Supplementary Note to a "Synopsis of the North American Forms of the
Colyuibidie and Podicepidfie." — l*roc. Acad. Nat. iSci. Phila., xiv, Septem-
ber, 18(>-2, p. 404.
9. A Review of tlie Terns [Sternina>] of North America. — Proc. Acad. Nat.
/Sci. Phila., xiv, December, 18G2, pp. 53o-out>.
1863.
10. Additional Remarlvs on the North American yEgiothi. — Proc. Acad. Nat.
iSci. Phila., xv, February, 1803, pp. 40, 41.
1 1 . On the Lestris ricbardsoni of Swainson ; with a Critical Review of tlic Sub-
family Lestridinai. — Proc. Acad. Nat. /Sci. Phila., xv. May, 18G3, pp.
121-KJ8.
12. [On the specific validity of Larus smithsonianus.]
18(i3, p. 3G7.
The Ihis, v, July,
1864.
13. The Crania of Colj-mbus torquatus and C. adamsii compared. — Proc. Acad.
Nat. /Sci. Phila., xvi, February, 1804, pp. 21, 22.
14. A Critical Review of the Family ProcellaridiB ; Part I., embracing the
Procellarieic, or Stormy Petrels. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi,
March, 18C4, pp. 72-'Jl.
15. A Critical Review of the Family Procellarida? : Part II.; Embracing the
Puflinejv. — 7Voc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, April, 18G4, pp. llG-144.
16. Notes on certain Central-American Larida>, collected by IMr. Osbcrt Salvia
and Mr. F. Godman. — llie Ibis, vi, July, 18G4, pp. 387-393.
1865.
17. Ornithology of a Prairie-Journey, and Notes on the Birds of Arizona. — The
Ibis, 2(1 ser., i, April, 18G5, pp. lo7-lC5.
18. [Notes on Birds observed at Fort Whipple, Arizona.] — The Ibis, 2d ser.,
i, October, 18G5, pp. 535-538.
1866.
19. Field Notes on Lophortyx Gambeli. — 77ie Ibis, 2d ser., ii, January, 1806,
pp. 4G-55.
20. List of the Birds of Fort Whipple, Arizona : w'th which are incorporated all
other species ascertained to inhabit the Territory ; with brief critical and
field Notes, descriptions of new species, etc. — Proc. Acad. Nat. /Sci.
Phila., xviii, March, 18G6, pp. 39-100.
Fifty copies rt'issucd, rppat?cil, under the title ; [Roprinteil from the Proceedings of the
Philadelpliia Academy of Natural Sciences, January 1800] | — | Prodrome of a Work |
.^ ■ I
APPENDIX.
tm
on the I Ornithology | of I Arizona Territory. | By Elliott Couos, M.A, M.D. I (Ass't Sur-
geon U. S. Army.) | - | . niladdphia : | Merrihew & Son. Printers. | im. 8vo. p„ l-^
C^Z^:^'! "' "" ""' '"" '"""^' ^"''- '''' ""''''' ^'"-' '•''- "''-'^ "f"-
:n. A Critical Keviow of tiio Family Proccllariida. : _ Part III; embraoin- the
F«Imare«.-iVoc. Acad. Nat. ScL Phila., xviii, March, 18G(5, pp. 25-;};}.
22. Critical Review of the Family Proccllariidae : - Part W ; Embracing the ^Estrc-
latea> and Prioneae. - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci Phila., xviii, May, KSGO,
pp. 134-172. •'
23. Critical Review of the Family Procellariicbe ; Part V ; embracing the Dionie-
deime and the Ilalodromina?. With a General Supplement. - Proc. Acad.
Aat. Sci. Phila., xviii, May, ISGG, pp. 172-197.
24. From Arizona to the Pacific. - n. Ifn,, 2d ser., ii, July, 1866, pp.259-275.
Notes on tlic birds observed during the journey.
25. The Osteology of the Colyn.bus torquatus ; with Notes on its Myolo-v -
Mem. Bast. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, pt. ii, November, 1866, pp.^31-172,
flgg. 2, pi. i).
Sep-.rately reissued, under the title : On the | Osteology and Myology I of I Colyn.hus
Un ted States Army. | [Iron, the Men.oirs read before the Boston Soeiety of Natural
lo nn lS I'-rr "l ' ^"r^"'^''"' ■ I ^'''^'-^ »' "'0 Kiversido Tress. | November, 1860.
ato. pp. lcil-l(2, flgg. 2, pi. 5.
1867.
26.*tThe Birds of New England. _ ^Ae Hound Table, No. UO, Sept. 28, 1867
pp. 213, 214. r . ,
E. A. Samuels' work.
1868.
27. A Monograph of the Alcidir. _ Proc. Acad. Nat. Soc. Phila., xx, January,
1868, pp. 2-81, figg. 1-16. ^
M UU A TT' '""'';'! '■ ^ .^^"""^'•"P'' I "f I tl>o Alci,l.T. I By I Elliott Coues. A.M..
No 2 s'^td Str"T7;^<« . """"'■' ' - ' ^'""""'"P'"- I Merrihew & Son, printers.
No. 213 Arch Street, | 1808. 8vo, pp. and flgg. as above.
See also under 1870.
28.
29.
30.
List of Birds collected in Southern Arizona by Dr. E. Palmer ; with remarks.
-I roc. Acad. Nat. ScL PhUa., xx, January, 1868, pp. 81-8.^
Synopsis of the Birds of South Carolina. - Proc. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii,
October 7, 1868, pp. 104-127.
Catalogue of tiie Birds ..f North America contained in the Museum of the
Essex Instituto; with whic. ^ incorporated A List of the Birds of New
England. With Brief Critical ai.1 Field Notes. — iVoc. (Comm.) Essex
Inst., V, 1868, pp. 241)-314.
Fifty eopie-s reissued, with new index, repnged, retitled : A List | of tiie | Birds of
New Lngland. | By Elliott Coues. | Asst. Surgeon. U. S. A. j _ | [Heprinted from the
iff
148
APPENDIX.
ii -
|i
mi
Proceedings of tlio Essex Institute, Vol. v.] | — | Salem, Mass. | Essex Institute Press. |
1868. 8vo. pp. 1-71.
31. Instances of Albinism among our Birds. — Amer. JVat., ii, No. 3, May, 1868,
pp. 161, 162.
About a dozen cases, chiefly of North American species.
32. BircVs-Eye Views. —Amer. Nht., ii, No. 10, December, 1868, pp. 505-513 ;
ii, No. 11, January, 1869, pp. 571-583, figg.
On the structure of the eye In Birds.
1869.
14 .;i
I! h.
I'.' 15
■Prot. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., May
33. On a Chick with supernumerarj' Legs.
19, 1869, pp. 78-82.
34. *0f Doves and Thorns. — The Liberal Christian, July 24, 1869.
Breeding of Zenaidura carolinensis.
35. *0f a "Fast" Bird [Geococcyx californianus] . — I'he Liberal Christian,
Aug. 14, 1869.
36. *A Skeleton in tlie House. — The Liberal Christian, Sept. 11, 1869.
Molothrus ater X Polioptila ccerulea.
37. Sea-side Homes. — Amer. Nat., iii, No. 7, September, 1869, pp. 337-349.
On the breeding of Sterna antillaruin and iEgiulites wilsonius.
38. On Variation in the Genus iEgiothus. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxi,
October, 1869, pp. 180-189.
Supplementary to tlic article in op. cil., 1801, p. 373.
39. *Structure of Feathers. — The Liberal Christian, Oct. 9, 1869.
40. On tlie Classification of Water Birds. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxi,
December, 1869, pp. 193-218.
Reissued, ropagcd. On the | Classification | of | Water Birds. | By Elliott Coues,
A. M., M. D., Pli. D., I (etc., 4 lines.) | — | [Reprinted from tlio Proceedings of the Piiila-
dclpliia Academy of Natural Sciences | for December, 18G9.] | — | Philadelphia : | Mcr-
rihew & Son, printers. | No. 243 Arch Street. | 1870. 8vo. pp. 28.
I
If
1870.
41. Extracts from a Memoir intituled 'A ]\Ionograph of the Alcida;.' — Zoologist,
2d ser., v, 1870, pp. 2004-2016, 2081-2090, 2124-2132, 2155-2163, 2205-
2214, 2245-2253, 2289-2296, 2327-2334, 2369-2378, 2396-2403.
Reprinted, modified, from Proc. Phila. Acad., 1808, pp. 2-81.
42. The Clapper Rail [Rallus crepitans]. — Amer. Nat., iii, No. 11, January,
1870, pp. 600-607,
43. The Great Auk [Alca impennis], — Amer. Nat., iv. No. 1, March, 1870,
p. 57.
APPENDIX.
149
44. The Cow Bird [Molothrus ater]._^mer. Nat., iv, No. 1, March, 1870,
p. 00.
45. F«^«^t-°«^«yjo«> a Page of Sand.-^^."... mu., iv, No. 5, July, 1870,
Tracks made by Sandpipers, &c.
46. The Natural History of Quiscalus major. - The Ibis, 2d ser, vi, Julv 1870
pp. 3G7-378. ' » . » 1
47. tOrnithological Kcsults of the Exploration of the x\orth-west. - ylme;-. Xat
IV, No. G, August, 1870, pp. 3G7-371. "'
Chkagllcal S ''"'' ^"""'''"'^ ""'^ ^^''"'^'^ P«P«" °" ^he Birds of Alaska, in 7V,„...
1871.
48. Notes on the Natural History of Fort Macon, N. C, and Vicinity. (Xo 1 )
[Vertebrates.] - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxiii, M^ay 2, 1871
pp. 12-49. -^ '
Birds, pp. 18-47. There are 6 Nos. of this. 1871-1879, the 1st and 4th relating to Birds.
49. The Yellow-headed Blackbird [Xanthoccphalus icterocephalus] .—Amer. Nat.
V, No. 4, June, 1871, pp. 195-200, fig. '
Biography of the species, with references to other birds observed in Kansas.
50. fRccent Ornithological Publications. - Amer. Nat., v, No. 4 June 1871
pp. 234-238. ' it-, lo/i,
p. 138.""'''"* ''" '^"''"""'' ^''' '^'"''"- ^""^■' ^^^^' P' ^^ • ^'"^eway on Falconida^, ibid.,
51. tProgress of American Ornithology. - ^mer. Nat. y, No. G, Au-ust, 1871
pp. 3G4-373. ^»-UoUhL, loii,
Review of J. A. Allen's memoir on Florida Birds, Dull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 1871.
62. Mechanism of Flexion and Extension in Birds' Wings. - ^mer. Nat., v
Nos. 8 and 9, September, 1871, pp. 513, .OH.
Abstract of the paper in the Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci for 1871
63. Bt,lJock's Onole [Icterus buUockiJ. _^,n.,.. Nat. v, xNo. II, November,
18<1, pp. G78-C82, fig. 120.
54. SinguLar Albino [Dolichonyx oryzivorus]. -.4mer. Nat., v. No. 11, Novom-
ocr, 18<1, 25. 733,
55. The Long-crested Jay [Cyanocitta macroloph a]. -ylmer. Nat., v, No l'>
December, 1871, pp. 770-775, fig. ' *"'
66. tGray's^Hand List of Birds. -.l,„o.. Nat., v. No. 12, December, 1871,
pp. /< 0-779. '
Pf
1872.
67. Mechanism of Flexion and Extension in Birds' Wings. - Proc. Amer. As.nr
^^". /.^cj., XX, for 1871, 1872, pp. 278-284, fi<r.r.
;
9
150
APPENDIX.
i
|T'!:;:i||
1 i' . ',
l<
m-A
I
Hi!
68. Observations on Picicorvus Columbianus. — The Ibis, 3d ser., ii, January,
1872, pp. 52-59.
69. Ornithological Query [Turdus migratorius]. — Amer. Nat., vi, No. 1, Jan-
uary, 1872, p. 47.
60. fTwo Late American Papers on Ornithology. — Amer. Nat., vi, No. 3, March,
1872, pp. 165, IGG.
Ogden on Clicttusia, Pr. Phila. Acad., 1871, p. 101 ; Lawrence on Now Troglodytidse
and I'yrannida;, ibid., p. 233.
61.*tAn Ornithological Blunder [Bonasa jobsii] . — Amer. Nat., vi. No. 3, March,
1872, pp. 172, 173.
62. Contribution to the History of the Blue Crow [Gymnokitta cyanoccphala] of
America. — The Ibis, 3d ser., ii, April, 1872, pp. 152-158.
63. fNewton's Ornithological Register. — Amer. Nat., vi. No. G, June, 1872,
pp. 3G0, 3G1.
64. The Nest, Eggs, and Breeding Habits of Ilarporhynchus crissalis. — Atner.
Nat., vi. No. G, June, 1872, pp. 370, 371.
65. A New Bird [Ghuicidium ferrugineum] to the United States. — Amer. Nat.,
vi, No. G, June, 1872, p. 370.
66. Studies of the Tyrannidaj. — Part I. Revision of the Species of Myiarchus.
— iVoc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxiv, June 25-J»Iy IG, 1872, pp. 5G-81,
67. fThe Boston Society's Ornithological Catalogue. — Amer. Nat., vi. No. 8,
August, 1872, pp. 472, 473.
Kevicw of A. Hyatt's paper on Sphoniscidaj.
68. Nest and Eggs of Helminthophaga luciaj. — Amer. Nat., vi, No. 8, August,
1872, p. 493.
69. Occurrence of Couch's Flycatcher [Tyrannus mclancholicus couchi] in the
United States. — Amer. Nat., vi. No. 8, August, 1872, p. 493.
70. tf"ielJers Thesaurus. — Amer. Nat., vi. No. 9, September, 1872, pp. 549-551.
71. Material for a Monograpli of the Si)heniscid«. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., xxiv, September, 1872, pp. 170-212, pU. 4, 5.
72. jRecent Discoveries in Ornithotomy. — Amer. Nat., vi. No. 10, October, 1872,
pp. G31-G35.
Morse on tlic Carpus and Tarsus of Birds, Aim. L)/r. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1872 ; and Rcln-
hardt, Cranial Bone of Musopluigida;, Vicld. Mcdikl. Nat. Furh. Kj<pb., 1871.
73. Key | to | North American Birds | containing a concise account of every
species of | Living and Fossil Bird | at present known from the continent
north of the flexiean | and United States Boundary. | Illustnitcd by G steel
plates, and upwards of 250 woodcuts. | By | Elliott Cones, | Assistant Sur-
geon United States Army. | — | Salom : Naturalists' Agency. | New York :
Dodd and Mead. | Boston: | Estes and Lauriat. | 1872. 1 vol. imp. 8vo.
f K
ill
APPENDIX.
151
ot 2,J00 cop. Copyright, Putnam and Cones.)
74. [Contributions to] ^Aarpe and Dresser's Hist, of tlie Birds of Europe, Parts
xij xii, xVj 1872.
1873.
75. [Contributions to] Sharpe and Dresser's IFist. of the Birds of Europe Parts
xvi, XX, xxi, 1873. ^ / » «
76. fDubois' Conspectus. -^m^r. mu., vii, No. 1, January, 1873, pp. 40-42
Keview of C. F. Dubois' Conspectus Avium Europicarum.
'^''* ^^pp. 42",°!^"'^ Ornithology. - .l,«e.. iV«,., vii. No. 1, January, 1873,
Review of C. J. Maynard's paper in Pr. Dost. Soc, xiv, 1872, p. 356.
78. [Circular ix-lating to the -Birds of the Northwest."] -Headquarters Depart-
ment of Dakota, Feb. 14, 1873. ^
79. tllaiKlbook of British Birds. -^mer. JVat., vii, No. 3, March, 1873, pp.
Review of J. E. Harting's work of that name.
80. fOrnithology of the Wo.t.-Amer. mtt., vii. No. 4, April, 1873, pp. 220-223.
Review of J. A. Allen's paper in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,\u, 1872, p. 113.
81. tAfrican Ornithology. - ^mer. mt., vii. No. 4, April, 1873, pp. 22G, 227.
Review of J. II. Gurney, Sr.'s. Andersson's Birds of Damara Land.
82. Some United States Birds, New to Science, and other Things Ornithological
— Amer. JVat., vii. No. G, June, 1873, pp. 321-331, figg. Go-70. °
83. New Avian Subclass [Odontornithes]. -Amer. JVat., vii, No. C, June, 1873
p. 364. '
84. Color-variation in Birds Dependent upon Climatic Influences. — Amer Mtt
vii. No. 7, July, 1873, pp. 415-418.
Criticism of R. Ridgway's papers in Am. Journ. Set., iv, 1872, p. 454 ; v, 1873, p. 39.
85. tLate Local Lists. - Amer. JVat., vii. No. 7, July, 1873, pp. 418-421
Reviews of NV IT. Dall, Pr. Cula. Acad., 1873; C. II. Holdon and C. E. Aiken Pr
Bost. &0C., XV, 1872, p. 193 ; VV. D. Scott, ibid., p. 219. '
83. " B^rds walking under Water." - Eorest and Stream, Oct. 16, 1873.
87. Notes on Two little-known Birds of the United States [Passercnlus bairdi,
Worys spraguii]. - ^m.r. mt., vii, No. 11, November, 1873, pp.
88. Use of small shot. — Amer. Sportsm., Nov. 22, 1873, p. I17.
89. Specimens of Bird Architecture [Icterus]. - Amer. Sportsm., Nov. 29, 1873,
m
'I
152
APPENDIX.
m
Mi
tell
If!
00. Range of the Eared Grebe [Podiceps auritus califomicus]. — Amer. Nat.,
vii, No. 12, December, 1873, p. 745.
91. Notice of a Rare Bird [Coturniculus lecontii]. — Amer. Nat., vii, No. 12,
December, 1873, pp. 748, 749.
93. Report | on tlie | Prybilov Group, or Seal Islands, of Alaska. | By | Henry
W. Elliott, I Assistant Agent Treasury Department. | — | Washington : |
Government I'rinting Office. | 1873. 1 vol. oblong 4to. (Appendix.
Ornithology of the Prybilov Islands. By Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A.)
This is the orig. ed., very scarce (150 copies.). See 1875.
93. A I Check List | of | North American Birds. | — | By | Elliott Coues. | — |
Salem. | Naturalists' Agency. | 1873. 8vo. 2 prel. 11., pp. 1-137, 2 11.
This is the orig. ed. Separately published December, 1873. Also publislied with
" Field Ornitliology," 1874.
f '
w
1874.
94. Field Ornithology. | Comprising a | Manual of instruction | for | procuring,
preparing, and preserving Birds, | and a | Check List of North American
Birds. I By | Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A. | [Monogram.] | Salem : | Natu-
ralists' Agency. | Boston : Estes & Lauriat. | New York : Dodd & Mead. |
1874. 1 vol.' 8vo. pp. i-iv, 1-1 IG, 1-137, 2 11.
Published January, 1874. The "Clieclc List" originally published separately, 1873.
95. [On the Classification of Birds, with Characters of the Higher Groups, and
Analytical Tables of North American Families.] — Baircl, Hreiver, and
HUlgway's Hist. N. A. Birds, i, 1874, pp. xiv-xxvhi.
96. Glossary of Technical Terms used in Descriptive Ornithologj'. Including a
number of prominent Anatomical and Pii^siological Terms. — Jiaird,
Brciccr, and Ilid(jway''s Hist. N. A. Hirds, iii, 1874, pp. 535-500.
97. Specimens of Bird Architecture [Cindus mexicanus]. — Amer. /Sportsm., iii,
Jan. 17, 1874, p. 245.
98.*tThe Birds of North America. — The Nation, No. 447, Jan. 22, 1874, p. 65.
Review of Theodore Jasper's work.
99. Specimens of Bird Architecture [Chtctura pelasgica]. — Amer. Sjwrtsm., iii,
Feb. 14, 1874, p. 313.
100. Hybrid Ducks [Anas boscas x Ilj-onetta moschata]. — Forest and Stream,
Feb. 19, 1874.
101. Hybrid Ducks [Anas boscas x Dafila acuta]. — Forest and Stream, March
5, 1874.
102. Pet Owls [Bubo virginianus]. — Amer. SjyortS7n., iii, March 7, 1874, p. 354.
103. fThe New Work on Birds. — Amer. Sportsm., iii, March 28, 1874, p. 412.
Keview of Buird, Brewer, and llidgway's work.
APPENDIX.
153
104. tAv»^„„„f^ Colorado and W,o„,„g._^^. ^,,, ,„,, ^„. ,_ ^_,,„_
'"'- X.?.'rit74. ^•"'"" -"""""'^ °' " Spa^,._^^, „,.,, ^,„„„,
With reference to the construction of a game law.
106. Powder-down. - J^^orest and Stream, ii, April 9, 1874, p. 134
Luminosity of these feathers in ArdeidiB . P- i^*.
108..tNor.h American Cnithology. -The mu,n, No. 460, AprU 23, 1874, „ 270 '
109..,Hi,.„ry Of No* American BW,.-^o™« a„^ «„«, April 30, ,874,
Review of Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway's work.
""• ''AZ"taT'"mT"r^' '"""""'^ '"^'^ t""'" s«i„so„il.-
yimer. iVa«., viu, Iso. 5, May, 1874, pp. 282-287. '
111. tBlrds of Illinois. - Field and Stream, May 2, 1874
Review of R. Ridgway's paper, Ann. Lyr. N. Y., x. 1874. p. 364.
112. Small Shot. Renlv to " Arrnw " a o
vtpij lo Arrow. —Amer. Sportsm., May 30, 1874.
113. The Californian Vulture [Cathartes californianusl ^Amer %,../ •
June 13, 1874, p. IGO, fig. -'" ^"^^'^- ^portsm., iv,
114. Wild Turkeys [Meleagris gallipavo arnericana] - Grouse -Field ar,^
xb^;-e«m, June 13, 1874. vriuuse. — Mieia ana
1 15. Duskv Grouse : Blue Grnn«n • PJr... n r^-,
«.«»», j„n; 27, \su::u'^:trn, [stt -r "^- - ^* --^
"'■ ^I'fSl'p'Sr"' ^'"^'°' O--'-']-^™-. iT... viii. No. 7. .„,,,
"r8?;:;.'l25' '"'°' ^'""'"'■" -""o. -^„... ^,«*™., >,., j„,, „,
120. The tVancs [Grui,,.] of America. -^.„., «„, ^,,,„„, „, ^„^ ,„_ ,„^_
121. TIje^BInc Qnail [CaUipepla =,„ama.a]. -^« an, Strean,. Aug. 29,
154
APPENDIX.
i
IP
mM
mi
122. fRccent Publications in Ornithology. — Amer. Nat., viii, No. 9, September,
1874, pp. .041-546.
Reviews of several papers, chiefly on N. Am. Birds.
123. New Variet}' of the Blue Grosbeak [Gniraca coerulea eurhyncha]. — Amer.
Nat., viii. No. 9, September, 1874, p. 5G3.
1 24. How to Shoot. — Field and Stream, Sept. 26, 1874.
125. On the Nesting of Certain Hawks, etc. — Amer. Nat., viii. No. 10, October,
1874, pp. 59G-C03.
Falco communis, Buteo swainsoni, Archibuteo ferrugineus, and other birds of Montana.
126.*tA History of North American Birds. — Field and Stream, Oct. 31, 1874.
Keview of Baird, Brewer, and Uidgway's work.
127. Tlie Rails — Family Rallida;. — Amer. Sportsm., v, Oct. 31, 1874, p. Co,
128. Tlie Sparrow [Passer domesticus] War. — Amer. Sportsm., v, Nov. 21,
1874, p. 113.
cf. Dull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Siirv. Terr., v. No. 2, 1879, p. 178.
Shells — Paper or Brass? — Forest and Stream, Dec. 24, 1874.
129.
130.
131.
Department of the Interior. | United States Geological Survey of the Terri-
tories. I F. V. Hayden, U. S. Geologist-in-Charge. | — | Mi.'<cell"neous Pub-
lications — No. 3. I — I Birds of the Northwest : } A Hand-boo | of | The
Ornithologj' | of the | Region drained b\- the Missouri River | and its Tribu-
taries. I — I By Elliott Coues, | Captain and Assistant Surgeon U. S.
Army. | — | Washington : | Government Printing Office. | 1874. 1 vol.
8vo. pp. i-xii, 1-791.
Pub. Dec. 1874. Ed. of 2,200 copies. 214 copies rebound, reissued, rctitled: Birds of
the North- West : | a Handboolc | of | American Ornitliology, | containing accounts of all
the birds inhabiting the | Great Missouri Valley, | and many others, togctlier representing
a largo majority of the ( Birds of North America, | with copious biographical details from
•personal | observation, and an extensive synonymy. | • . . Boston : | Estes & Laurlat, i
Salem Naturalists' Agency, | 1877.
Monograph of the North American Laridae. — Birds of the Northwest,
December, 1874, pp. 589-717.
1875.
132. A Report | upon the | Condition of Affairs | in the | Territory of Alaska. |
— I By Ilenrj- W. Elliott, | Special Agent Treasury Department. | — |
Washington : | Government Printing Office. | 1875. 1 vol. 8vo. pp. 277.
(Chap. IX. Ornithology of the Prybilov Islands. By Dr. Elliott Cones,
U. S. A. pp. lGG-212.)
Reprinted from the orig. ed., 1873.
133. The Fanna | of the | Prybilov Islands | abridged from the ] " Report on the
Prybilov Group or Seal Islands of Alaska," | by Henry W. B:iliott ; with
an Appendix on the | Ornithology by Dr. Elliott Coues (Washington, 1873).
APPENDIX.
156
I By J. E. Harting, F. L. S. F. Z. S. ] London [ reprinted from the Natural
History columais of | " Tlie Field" for private circulation | 1875 8vo.
pp. 38, pi. 1.
134. The Sparrows [Passer domesticus]. — Amer. Sportsm., v, Jan. 23, 1875,
p. 2G4.
135. On the Breeding of certain Birds [of Montana Territory]. — Amer. JVcit.,
ix, No. 2, February, 1875, pp. 75-78.
136. [On the Nest and Eggs of Gymnocitta cyanocephala.] — The Ibis, 3d ser.,
V, April, 1875, pp. 270, 271.
137. Albino Black-Bird [Xanthocephalus icterocephalus] . — liod and Gun, vi,
April 10, 1875, p. 24.
138. Duck Shooting h Cheval. — Amer. Sportsm., April 24, 1875.
139. Sparrows [Passer domesticus] — more evidence. — Rod and Gun, vi, July
17, 1875, p. 249.
140. Ornithology of the Transit-of- Venus " Centennial." — Forest and Stream,
Aug. 19, 1875.
141. Fasti OrnithologiiB Redivivi. — No. I, Bartram's 'Travels.' — Proc. Acad.
Nut. Sci. Phila., Ma^-September, 1875, pp. 338-358.
142.*t [Notice of Brewer's Catalogue of the Birds of New England.] —iV: Y.
Independent, Oct. 7, 1875.
143. tA late paper on Birds. — ^Imer. Nat., ix, No. 10, November, 1875,
pp. 570, 571.
W. Brewster's, in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y. xi, 1875, p. 129.
144. Contributions | to the | Natural History | of | Kerguelen Island, | made in
connection with the American Transit-of- Venus | Expedition, 1874-75. |
By I J. II. Kidder, M.D., | Passed Assistant Surgeon U. S. Navy. | — |
I. I Ornithology. | Edited by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A. | — | Bid'l. U. aS.
Nut. Mus., No. 2. 1875, pp. i-ix, 1-51. Washington: Government
Printing Office. 18/5.
Published November, 1875.
f
1876.
145. [Peucedramus, g. n., Coues MS.] — ^ejj. Expl. W. 100 Merid., Vol. v,
1875, p. 202. (Pub. 1876.)
146. On the Breeding-Habits, Nest, and Eggs, of the White-tailed Ptarmigan
(Lagopus leucurus) . — /?j<;^. IT. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
2d ser., No. 5, Jan. 8, 1876, pp. 263-266.
Also published separately. 8vo. Washington, 1870.
147. Bewick's Wren, Thryothorus Bewicki. — Amer. Nat., x, No. 1, January,
1876, p. 48.
166
. APPENDIX.
im
h ■
m
IP ]
If
u " ;
i!"'. !
isr >!
!t<:
■PO
148. Range of the Bay Ibis [Plegadia falcinellus]. — ^wcr. Ncit., x, No. 1,
January, 187G, p. 48.
149. Coues to " Boone" [on Brant]. — AW and Gun, vii, Jan. 15, 1876, p. 248.
160. An Account of the various Tublicationa relating to the Travels of Lewis and
Clarke, with a Commentary on the Zoological Results of their Expedition.
— Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2d ser., No. G, Fob. 8,
187G, pp. 417-444.
Also separate. 8vo. Wasliington, 1876.
151. Contributions to the Natural History of Kerguelen Island, [etc.]. Oology,
etc. By J. II. Kidder and Elliott Coues. — Bull. U. S. Nat. 3fus., No. 3,
February, 187G, pp. 7-20.
152. A Study of Chionis minor with reference to its Structure and Systematic
Position. By J. H. Kidder, U. S. N., and Elliott Coues, U. S. A. —
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3, February, 187G, pp. 85-116.
163. Reply to Mr. J. A. Allen's " Availability of certain Bartramian Names in
Ornithology." — ylmer. Nat., x. No. 2, February, 1876, pp. 98-102.
154. Breeding Range of the Snow-Bird [Jumo hiemalis]. — ^mer. Nat., x.
No. 2, February, 1876, pp. 114, 115.
165. Unusual Nesting Sites of the Night Hawk [Chordcdilcs popetuc] and
Towhee Bunting [Pipilo erythrophthalmus]. — ylwer. Nat., x. No. 4,
April, 187G, p. 239.
156. Dr. Coues upon Quail, etc. — Bod and Gun, viii, April 1, 1876, p. 9.
157. Dr. Coues on Brant, etc. — Bod and Gun, viii, April 1, 1876, p. 8.
158. fMr. Gentry's Book about Birds. — iioc? anf? Gun, viii, April 29, 1876,
p. 71.
Review of Life Histories of the Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania, Vol. I.
159. The Labrador Duck [Camptolaeraus labradorius] . — ^mer. Nat., x, No. 5,
May, 1876, p. 303.
160.*tLife-nistories of the Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania.— The Nation, May 4,
1876.
Review of "Vol. I. of T. G. Gentry's work.
161. The European Woodcock [Scolopax rusticula] shot in Virginia. — ^Imer.
Nat., X, No. 6, June, 1876, p. 372.
162. Notable Change of Habit of the Bank Swallow [i. e., Stelgidopteryx serri-
pennisj. — ^mcr. Nat., x, No. G, June, 1876, pp. 372, 373.
163. Letters on Ornithology. No. 1. -The Oregon Robin [Turdus na^vius]. —
Chicago Field, June 24, 1876, fig.
This illustrated series of .30 Letters, running from above date to July, 1879, at various
intervals, is in part new, partly from the " Birds of the Northwest."
APPENDIX.
161
164. Tarsal Envelope in Campylorhyncluis and allied Genera. — Hull. Nutt, Orn.
Club, i, Mo. 2, July, 187G, pp. 50, 51.
165. Brant once more. — Hod and Gun, July 8, 187G.
166. Letters on Ornithology. No. 2. — The American Tree-Creoper [Certliia
familiaris]. — Vldcayo Field, Aug. 12, 187G, llg.
167. Letters on Ornithology. No. 3. — The Blue-gray Gnatcatcher [I'olioptiia
C(jerulea]. — Chicujo Field, Aug. 2G, 187G, lig.
168. On the Number of Primaries in Oscines. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i. No. 3,
September, 187G, pp. G0-G3.
169. Letters on Ornithology. No. 4. — The Horned or Shore Lark [Eremopliila
alpestris]. — Chicago Field, Oct. 7, 187G, fig.
170. Peculiar Nesting-Site of the Bank-o'\'allow [i.e., Stelgidoptcryx scrripeniiis].
— Hull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, No, 4, November, 187G, p. 'JG.
171. Dr. Coues on " Partridge," " Quail," Etc. — Hod and Gun, Nov. 11, 1H7G.
172. Letters on Ornithology. No. 5. — Marsh Wrens [Telmatodytes pahistris,
Cistothorus stellaris]. — Chicago Field, Nov. 18, 187G, figg.
173. *Anecdote of a Crow's [Corvus maritimus] Intelligence. — iV. Y. IndepeU'
dent, Nov. 23, 187G.
174. The Destrj'ition of Birds by Telegraph Wire. — Amer. Nat., x, No. 12,
December, 187G, pp. 734-73G.
Copied abridged by the press at large.
175. Letters on Ornithology. -No. 6. — The Shrike, or Butcher Bird [Lauiua
borealis]. — Chicago Field, Dec. 2, 187G, fig.
176.*tRecent Text-books of Zoology. — iV. Y. Independent, Dec. 2, 1876.
lleviews of E. S. Morse's and S. Tenncy's works.
177. Letters on Ornitliology. No. 7. — The Catbird (Mimus carolinensisj. —
Chicago Field, Dec. 9, 187G, fig.
178. Letters on Ornithology. No. 8. — Nuthatches [Sittidie]. — Chicago Field,
Dec. IG, 187G, fig.
179.*t Life-Histories of Animals, including Man. — The JVation, No. 3G1), 187G.
Review of A. S. Packard's work.
180. Letters on Ornithology. No. 9. — The Red-tailed Buzzard [Buteo borealis]
and other Hawks. — Chicago Field, Dec. 23, 187G, fig.
181.*tThe Land-Birds and Garae-Birds of New England. — The Nation, Dec. 28,
1876.
Review of II. D. Minot's work.
182. Letters on Ornithology-. No. 10. — Titmice, Tomtits, or Chickadees
[Paridai]. — Chicago Field, Dec. 30, 1876, figg.
168
APPENDIX.
teihi
[I -i
'Hs
1877.
183. Note on Podiceps dominicus. — Bull. Mitt. Om. Club, ii, No. 1, January,
1877, p. 2G.
184. Eastward Range of the Ferruginous Buzzard [Arclubuteo fcrrugineus]. —
Jiull. XiM. Om. Club, ii, No. 1, January, 1877, p. 2G.
185. Letters on Ornitliology. No. 11. — Swallows [Ilirnndinidiv]. — Chicaijo
Field, Jan. G, 1877, ligg.
188. Letters on Ornithology. No. 12. — Woodpeckers [I'icidie]. — Chicago
Field, Jan. 13, 1877, G figg.
187.*tTbe Land Birds and Game Birds of New England. — Forest and Stream,
Jan. 25, 1877.
Review of II. D. Minot's work.
188.*tLand Birds and Game Birds of New England. — Rod and Gun, Jan. 27,
1877.
Review of H. D. Minot'a work.
189. Letters on Ornithology. No. 13. — The Harrier [Circus cj-aneus hud-
sonius]. — Chicago Field, Feb. 3, 1877.
190. To tlie Swallow. — Hod and Gun, Feb. 3, 1877.
191. Letters on Ornithology. No. 13 [bis = 14]. — Grasshoppers [in connec-
tion with habits of the Sharp-tailed Grouse, Pedioecetes phasianellus
columbianus] . — Chicago Field, March 17, 1877, fig.
192. Corrections of Nomenclature in the Genus Siurus. — Bull. Nutt. Om. Club,
ii, No. 2, April, 1877, pp. 29-33.
193. fMinot's "Birds of New England." — i?««. JSTutt. Om. Club, ii, No. 2,
April, 1877, pp. 49, 50.
Review of II. D. Minot's work.
194. Western Range of Conurus carolinensis. — Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, ii,
No. 2, April, 1877, p. 50.
195. Note on the Cinnamon Teal (Querquedula cyanoptera). — Bull. Nutt. Om.
Club, ii, No. 2, April, 1877, p. 51.
196. Remarks on the Birds of tiie District of Columbia. By Drs. E. Cones and
D. W. Vvcnthfi. — Field and Forest, ii. No. 11, May, 1877, pp. 191-193.
Also in a separate pamplilet entitled : Catalogue of the Birds of tiie District of
CoIunil>ia, prepared by Pierre Louis Jouy, with Remarks on the Birds of the District, by
Drs. Coucs and Prentiss. 8vo. Wasliington, 1877, pp. 11.
197. The Song that tiie Bluebird Sings. — Harper's Jfagazine, May, 1877, p. 891.
Reprinted in many places.
1 98. Notes on the Ornithology of the Region about the Source of the Red River
of Texas, from Observations made during the Explorations conducted by
Lieut. E. IL Rullner, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. By C. A. H.
APrENDIX.
1C9
McCnnlpy, I.ioiit. Third United States Artillery. Annotod by Dr. Elliott
Coues, U. S. A. — Hull. U. iS. Gcol. and (i coy r. Sure. Terr., il, No. 3,
May, 1877, pp. 055-005.
Also separate, new cover-title, same pagination.
190. Birds [etc.].— The (IJaltimore) Mirror, June 1, July 1, Aug. 1, Sept. 1,
Oct. 1, Nov. 1, Dec. 1, 1877.
From the " Birds of tiie Northwest."
200. Loptoptila [tetfe Engyptila] albifrons, a Pigeon new to the United States
Fauna. —jBm//. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. No. 3, July, 1877, pp. 82-83.
201. Mclopelia leucoptera in Colorado. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, No. 3, July,
1877, p. 83.
202. Dr. Coues replies to Dr. Brewer [in tlie Sparrow (Passer domcsticus) contro-
versy]. — Washington Oazette,3u\y %, \^11.
203. Letters on Ornithology. No. 15. — Curious Crows [Picicorvus columbianus,
Gymnocitta c^-anoceijhala] . — Chicago Field, July 14, 1877, figg.
204. Letters on Ornithology. No. 16. — Tlie English Sparrow [Passer domcs-
ticus]. — Chicago Field, July 21, 1877.
Many reprints elsewhere.
205.*tOur Birds of Prey ; or, the Eagles, Hawks, and Owls of Canada. — The
JVatio?i, — 1877, p. 341.
Review of II. G. Vennor's work.
206. Letters on Ornithology. No. 16 [bis]. —The American Warblers. — Fam-
ily Sylvicolida;. — Chicago Field, Dec. 15, 1877, fig.
1878.
207. Department of the Interior | United States Geological Survey of the Terri-
tories I F. V. Ilaydcn, U. S. Gcologist-in-Charge | — | Miscellaneous
Publications — No. 1 1 | — [ Birds of tlie Color.ido Valley | A Repository
of I Scientific and Popular Information | concerning | North American Or-
nithology I By I Elliott Coues | — | 'f/XO', line yelMv y.uh\^ ^Qug uynvau \
— I Part First | Passeres to Laniid.x' | Bibliograpliical A|)pendix | Seventy
Illustrations | — | Washington | Government Printing Oflice | 1878 8vo.
pp. i-xvi, 1-807, figg. 70.
208. List of Faunal Publications relating to North American Ornithology.—
Hirds Colorado Valley, Part I, 1878, Appendix, pp. 567-784 or [1]—
[218].
This constitutes the First Instalment of Ornithological Bibliography , for 2cl, 3d, and
4th, see 1879 and 1880.
160
APPENDIX.
i:
u
209,
I
it
210.
2U.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
225.
Notes on the Natural History of Fort Macon, N. C, and Vicinity. (No. 4.)
By Drs. i:iliott Coues and H. C. Yarrow. —Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1878, pp. 21-28.
Supplementary to No. 1, Vertebrates, 1871. Birds, pp. 22-24. (No. 3, Fishes, is by
Dr. Yarrow.)
Note on Passerculus bairdi and P. princeps. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii.
No. 1, January, 1878, pp. 1-3, pi. col'd.
The Northern Phalarope [Lobipes hyperboreus] in North Carolina. — Bull.
Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. No, 1, January, 1878, pp. 40, 41.
The Willow Grouse [Lagopus albus] in New York. — ^mK. Kutt. Or».
Club, iii. No. 1, January, 1878, p. 41.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus with spotted Scapulars. — Bull. JVutt. Orn. Club,
iii, No. 1, January, 1878, pp. 41-42.
Mclar.lsm in Turdus migratorius. — i?M/;. Mitt. Orn. Club, iii. No. 1, Jan-
uary, 1878, pp. 47, 48.
The Sparrow [Passer domesticus] Pest. — The Countnj, Jan. 19, 1878.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 17. —The Aquatic Wood-Wagtail, or New
York "Water Thrush. (Siurus na?vius.)— Chimr/o Field, Feb. 2, 1878.
Notes on the Ornithology of the Lower Rio Grande of Texas, from Obser-
vations made during the season of 1877. By George B. Sonnett. Edited,
with Annotations, by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A. — Bidl. U. S. Gcol. and
Geogr. Surv. Ttrr., iv, No. 1, Feb. 5, 1878, pp. 1-CG.
Also separate, new cover-title, same p.igination.
Peculiar Feathers of Young Ruddy Duck [Erismatura rubida]. — Amer.
Nat. xii. No. 2, February, 1878, pp. 123, 124, fig.
Justice to the English Sparrows [Passer domesticus] . — The Country, Feb.
10, 1878.
fA Book on Bird-Architecture. — The Country, March 10, 1878.
Ernest IngcrsoH's proposed treatise.
On tlie Moult of the Bill and Palpebral Ornaments in Fratercula arctica. —
Bidl Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, No. 2, April, 1878, pp. 87-91.
Habits of the Kingfisher [Ceryle alcyon]. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii,
No. 2, Ap-.il, 1878, p. 92.
Nesting of Vireo olivaceus. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, No. 2, April, 1878,
p. [)h.
Nest and Eggs of Selasphorus platycercus. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii,
No. 2, April, 1878, p. 9.5.
Meaning of the word " Anhinga." — J?m^?. Nut. Orn. Club, iii, No. 2, April,
1878, p. 101.
APPENDIX.
181
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 18. - The Yellow-breasted Chat. - Chicaao
Meld, June 29, 1878.
The Eave, Ciiff, or Crescent Swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons). — Hull
JViitL Om. Club, iii, No. 3, July, 1878, pp. 10r;-112.
fMr. H. Saunders on the Sterninai. — Hull, Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. No 3
Jidy, 1878, pp. 140-U4. ' '
Keviow of tlic paper in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Land , 1876, p. G38.
Swallow-tailec? Kite [Elanoidcs forficatus] in Dakota in Winter. — Bull.
JVutt. Orn. Club, ill, No. 3, July, 1878, p. 147.
New Eirds [live species] for the United States Fauna. — The Gnmtn/
July, 13, 1878, p. 184. "
Field-Notes on Birds observed in Dakota and Montana along the Forty-ninth
R-irallel during the Seasons of 1873 and IHU. — Hull. U. S. Geol. and
Geoyr. Suri,. Terr., iv, No. 3, July 29, 1878, pp. o45-GG2.
Also separate, new covcrtitlr, same pagination, 8vo, Washington, 1878.
The Ineligibility of the European Mouse Sparrow [Passer domestir-is] in
America. — vl»*e;-. Nta., xii. No. 8, August, 1878, pp. 41)9-.3or>.
Koprinted, Chiaujo Field, Aug. 31, 1878; reprinted. The Couulry, Aug. 3, 1878- and
elsewhere. '
A Hint to Egg-Collectors. -7?w«. mm. Orn. Club, iii. No. 4, October
1878, p. 191, cut. '
Nest and Eggs of Ilclininthophaga piuus. — J^m^^. JVutt. Orn. Club, iii, No
4, October, 1878, p. 194.
fWilson's and Bonaparte's American Ornithology. — The Nation, Nov. 7,
1878.
Review of tlie Porter and Coates' edition of 1878.
1879.
236. tJones and Shuke's Illustrations of the Nest and Eggs of the Birds of Ohio.
— Jjull. Ann.. Orn. Club, iv. No. 1, January, 1879, p. 52.
237. [Note on Dendrcv-ca chrysoparia]. -Hull. mitt. Orn. Club, iv, No 1 Jan-
uary, 1.S79, p. ()().
238. Nests and Eggs of tlie Clny-colored Btniting [Spizella pallida]. - 77>e Oiilo.
(/Iff, IV, No. 7, February, 1879, p. oO.
239. Couos on the Nest .nnd Eggs of the Water Thrush [Siurus nicvius]. - The
Oolo(/ht, iv. No. 8, .Miirch, 1^79, p. ;>7.
240. The Sparrow [Passer domcsticus] Nuisance. - 7%c Washinaton World,
March 17, 1879.
162
APPENDIX.
ii'
ii,
i< t
.;]!'!:
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
2^3.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
History of the Evening Grosbeak [Ilespcrophona vespertina]. — Bull. Xutt.
Orn. Club, iv, No. 2, April, 1879, pp. (Ju-75.
fLangdon's Kcvised List of Cincinnati Birds. — J?mZ/. Mitt. Orn. Club, iv,
No. 2, April, 1879, pp. 112, 113.
Note on Dendrojca townsendi. — Bull. JVutt. Orn. Club, iv, No 2 April
1879, p. 117. '
Note on Bucepliala islandica. — Bull. JVutt. Orn. Club, iv, No. 2, April
1879, pp. 12G, 127.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 19. —The Curlews [Numenius] of North
America. — The Chicago Field, April, 26, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 20. —The American Bittern [Botaurus mugi-
tans]. — Chicago Field, May 10, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 21. — History of the Red-breasted, or Cinna-
mon Teal [Querquedula cyanoptera] . — Chicago Field, May 17, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 22. — The Snow Goose, or White Brant
[Chen hyperboreus].— Chicago Field, May 24, 1879.
Private Letters of Wilson, Ord and Bonaparte.— Pe«/i Monthly, June
1879, pp. 443-455. '
Letters on Ornithology. No. 23. —The American Coot [Fulica americana].
— Chicago Field, June 9, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 24. — The Wood Ibis [Tantalus loculatorj. —
Chicago Field, June 14, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 25. —The Solitary Tattler; Wood Tattler
[Rhyacophilus solitarius]. — Chicago Field, June 21, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 20. — Semipalmated Tattler, WiUet, Stone
Snipe [Sympheniia semipalniata]. — Chicago Field, June 28, 1879.
To prevent Grease from injuring the Plumage of Birds. — ylwjtr. Xat., xiii.
No. 7, July, 1870, p. 45G.
[On the Use of Trinomials in Zoological Nomenclature]. — Bidl. Nutt. Orn.
Chd>, iv, No. 3, July, 1879, p. 171.
Le Conte's Thrasher (Ilarporhynchus lecontii). — The Oolcjist, iv. No. 12,
July, 1879, pp. 99-100.
Letters on Ornitliolog No. 27. — Bartramian S.andpiper or Tattler; Up-
land Plover [Harl- aui longicauda]. — Chicago Field, July 5, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 28. — The Buff-breasted Sandpiper [Tryngitcs
rufescens]. — Chicago Field, July 12, 1879.
APPENDIX.
lU^
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 29. -Great Marbled Godwit [Limosa foedal
— Chicago Field, July 19, 1879.
Letters on Ornithology. No. 30.— The Great White Egret [Herodias
egretta]. — Chicago Field, July 20, 1879.
tlngcrsoll's Nests and Eggs of American Birds.- ^mer.JV;<A,, xiii, No. 8
Aug. 1879, pp. 515, 51G. '
tTcxan Ornithology. — ^Imcr. Rat., xiii, No. 8, August, 1879, pp. 51G-519.
Nesting of the Great Blue Heron [Ardea herodias] in the West. — Chicufjo
Field, Aug. 2, 1879.
On the Present Status of Passer domesticus in America, with Special Refer-
ence to the Western States and Territories. — i?M//. U. iS. Geul. and
Geogr. Suro. Terr., v, No. 2, Sept. G, 1879, pp. 175-193.
Including the bibliograpliy of the subject. Also sep. pamphlet.
Second Instalment of American Ornitiiological Bibliography. — Bull. U. S.
Geol. and Geogr. Sun. Terr., v, No. 2, Sept. G, 1879, pp. 239-330. '
_ Tiie First Instalment forms tlio Appenilix of " Birds of the Colorado Valley," Part I,
1878. — Also Sep. pamphlet, new cover-title, same pagination.
Note on the Black-capped Grecnlet, Vireo atricapillus of Woodhouse. —
Hull. N-utt. Orn. Club, iv. No. 4, October, 1879, pp. 193, 194, pi. I
(colored).
Southward Range of Centrophanes lapponica. — Bull. mut. Orn. Club iv
No. 4, Octpber, 1879, p. 238. ' '
Obituary. [Miss Genevieve E. Jones.] — i?«^Z. JV««. Orn. Club, iv. No
4, October, 1879, p. 228.
A Correction [respecting Buteo borealis] . — J5««. mut. Orn. Club, iv,
No. 4, October, 1879, p. 242.
Note on Alle nigricans. Link. — Bull mat. Orn. Club, iv. No. 4, October
1879, p. 244.
Destnictiveness of English Sparrows [Passer domesticus]. — ylm'r. mu.,
xiii, Xo. II, November, 1879, p. 70G.
Fiulhor Notes on llie Ornithology of the Lower Rio Gr.ande of Texas, from
Observations made during the Spring of 1878. By George B. Sennett.
Edited, with Annotations, by Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A. — Bull. U. S.
Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., v. No. 3, Nov. 30, 1879, pp. 371-440.
Also separate, new covcr-title, same pagination.
1880.
273. The Origin of the Turkey [Meleagris gallipavo].
No. 22, Jan. 1, 1880, p. 947.
■Forest and Stream, xiii,
i
164
APPENDIX.
Iff
274. Sketch of Noi-tli American Ornithology in 1879. — Amer. Nitt., xiv, No. 1,
January, 1880, pp. 20-2j.
275. On the Nesting in Missouri of Empidonax acadicus and Empidonax trailli.
— Hull. Mitt. Orn. Club, v, No. 1, January, 1880, pp. 20-25.
276. f Ingcrsoll's Nests and Eggs of American Birds. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
V, No. 1, January, 1880, pp. 38, 39.
277. fThe Misses Jones and Shulze's Nests and Eggs of Ohio Birds. — Bull. N^utt.
Orn. Club, v. No. 1, January, 1880, pp. 39, 40.
278. Description of the Female Dendroeca kirtlandi. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
V, No. 1, Januarj-, 1880, pp. 49, 50.
279. Note on Limosa hiBmastica. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. No. 1, January,
1880, pp. 59, GO.
280. Capture of Phaethon flavirostris in Western New York. — Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, V, No. 1, January, 1880, p. G3.
28 1 . Depredations of the European Sparrow [Passer domesticus] . — Amer. Nat. ,
xiv, No. 2, February, 1880, p. 130.
282. Advent of Passer domesticus in North Carolina. — Amer. Nat., xiv, No. 3,
March, 1880, p. 213.
283. Notes and Queries concerning the Nomenclature of North American Birds.
— Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. No. 2, April, 1880, pp. 95-102.
284. Further Light on the Moult of the Bill in certain Morn^onida?. — Bull. Nitt.
Orn. Club, v, No. 2, April, 1880, pp. 127-128.
285. Fourth Instalment of Ornithological Bibliography: being a List of Faunal
Publications relating to British Birds. — I^roc. IT. tS. Nat. Mus., ii,
May 31, 1880, pp. 359-482.
This Instalment antedates the Third, helow. Also separate, with new cover-title.
286. [Letters on Passer domesticus in America and Australia.] — Forest and
Stream, April 15, 1880, p. 204.
287. Shufoldt's IMcmoir on the Osteology of Speotyto cunicularia h3-poga;a. —
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, No. 3, July, 1880, pp. 129, 130, pll. I-IIL
288. fG entry's Nests and Eggs of the Birds of Pennsylvania. — Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, V, No. 3, July, 1880, p. 179.
289. fObor's Camps in the Caribees. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. No. 3, July,
1880, p. 179.
290. Nest and Eggs of Cathcrpes moxicanns conspcrsus. — Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, V, No. 3, July, 1880, pp. 181, 182.
291. Numlier of Eggs of Ardea herodias. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, No. 3,
July, 1880, p. 187.
h..
APPENDIX.
165
292. Note on Grus fraterculua of Cassin. — Bull. JVutt. Orn. Club, v, No. 3,
July, 1880, p. 188.
Third Instalruent of American Ornithological Bibliography. — Bull. XJ. 8.
Gcol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., vi. No. 4, Sept. 30, 1880, pp. 521-1006.
Not published till after tlie 4tli, above. Not separate, occupying tiie whole No of
the Dull.
"Behind the Veil." — i?w/^. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. No. 4, October, 1880,
pp. 193-204.
Gossip over letters and other relics of Wilson and Audubon.
295. tMarsh's Pahcornitliology. — i?«</;. mut. Orn. Club, v, No. 4, October,
1880, pp. 234-23G.
Review of O. C. Marsh's " Odontornithcs."
293.
294.
296.
Rural Bird Life | being | E.ssays on Ornithology ( with instructions for pre-
serving ol)jccts I relating to that science | by | Charles Dixon | with forty-
five illustrations ; and a preface [ By Dr. ElUott Coues, U. S. A. . . .
Boston I Estcs and Lauriat | 299 to 305 Washington Street. | [1880.J 1
vol. sm. 8vo. Title and pp. i-xvi, 1-374, 45 illust.
American Editor's preface, pp. iii-viil.
297.
298.
299.
1881.
A curious Colaptes [auratus x mexicanus] . — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi,
No. 3, July, 1881, p. 183.
A Correction [Trogonida?] . — i?»K. Kutt. Orn. Club, vi, No. 3, July,
1881, p. 188.
Probal)le Occurrence of Sarcorhamphus papa in Arizona. — Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, vi, No. 4, October, 1881, p. 248.
300. New England Bird Life | being a | Manual | of | New England Ornithology
I revised and edited from tlie Manuscript of | Winfrid A. Stearns |
Member of tlio Nutlall Ornitliological Club etc. | By | Dr. Elliott Coues
U. S. A. I Member of the Academy etc. | Part L — Oscines | Boston |
Lee and Sliepard Publishers | New Yoriv Charles T. DiUing'iam | 1881
1 vol. 8vo. Title and pp. 1-324, figg. 1-56.
University Press: John Wilson & Son, Cambridge, Mass.
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AUDUBON'S BIRDS OF AMERICA. % John J. AuonnoN. 350 Fidurcs of Birds, all
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WILSON'S AMERICAN ORNITHOLO-
GY ; or, Natiii-al History of the llir 's of the
I'liited St.ites. Xew and cnlariccd eilitioii. '.i
vols. Svo. With portrait of Wilson, and lo;i
plates, cxliiliitiiij; nearly 400 lij^iirL's of liirds,
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FISHES OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS
(llistnry of tlu-). liy .luiiathaii Ctiucli, F.L.8.
lllii'<trato(| wiili 2.">(i* caivl'ullv folin'iMl plates.
4 vols. U(»val Svo. Cloth. llon.ii.n, IS77.
litMluml Innu >'-i-J.(M) to .52:J.OO.
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SMALLER BRITISH BIRDS. With do-
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well eoloieil to nature. Small 4lo, gilt edges.
London, 1874. Kedneed from $12.00 to $5.00.
The pre.'ent work Is an effort to produce n book which
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portraits of tlie birds, drawn ' colored as ilo.sely to uature
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BRITISH GRASSES (Xatnral History of).
l!y K. ,1. I.owe, I'-sij. liliistial'd with 74 finely
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BRITISH AND EXOTIC FERNS
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NEW AND RARE FERNS (Xatnral His-
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IJf
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BRITISH MOSSES. Tlioii- Homes, Aspects,
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NATURAL HISTORY (Museum of): beiiiff
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Classi Ileal 1(01 of the various departineiils of tlio
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STRUTT'S SYLVA BRITANNICA
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OUR NATIVE FERNS; or, a History (if
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.1. Lowe. With 71) colored and 00!) wood eiij;rav-
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Kediiced from S'.'O.OO to SLJ.OO.
The Importance and value of this work may be infem'd
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Tlicn^ are 184 varieties figured.
BRITISH SEA-WEEDS. Drawn from Pro-
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Descriptions, and .Vmateur's Synopsis, Rules for
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flieui in the lliebarinm, and an Appendi.x of
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HISTORY OF BRITISH BUTTER-
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lircfcrvation, &c.,witli new and valuable iiifoniiatioii —the
result of the author's experience for many j ears. '
ALPINE PLANTS. DcMiipiions and 200
accuralely c(dorc(l lifjiires (drawn and eiiffra\ed
exjiressly for this work) of some of the most
strikinj; and beautiful of the Alpine Flowers.
Kditcd bv David Woosler. 2 vo|>. IJoval 8vo.
Cloth. London. liediieed from !t.-JO.0l) i,', .'Sl.'i.OO.
The manner in which "Alpine Plants'' is prodnced is
creditable alike to anting and artist. The literary portion
is not the mere dry boianiciil description oficn foiinil in Mich
work.s, hut a popular description of the plant, — inslniellons
as to ils culture and treatment, — with anv interesting infor-
mation in connection with it that can lie libiaiiieil. , . . We
lieartily commend this work to all lovers of flowers.
OWEN (Hichard). Comparative Anat(uny and
I'hysiology of Vertebrates. V(d. I. Fislu's and
Kcptiles. ■ Vol. H. llirds and Mammals. V(d.
HI. Mammals. a vols. 8vo. Cloth. Ilhis-
tratcd with an immense number of beaiilitul
woodcuts. London, Longmans, 180(;-()8.
Heduced Ihnn $24.00 to S10.,')0.
This work has long been the highest authc.ritv on this
subject, and has received the piai.se of such men as Tvndall,
Hn.xley, and others. Humboldt speaks of (Iwen as tlie great-
est anatomist of his age, and he Is generally called (he Cuvier
of ICngland and the "Newton of natural histor\ .''
AMERICAN NATURALIST (The). A
])(i])idar illustrate(l Mapizine of Natural llistorv.
Kdilcd by A. S. Pu' kanl, .Jr., K. S. Morse, A.
II.\att, and F. W. I'utnum. Numerons illustra-
fions, many full-pa^ed. 10 vols. (Coninlete
from commencement to 1878.) 8vo. Clolh.
Salem, J8l)8-77. Ueduced from S.")0.00 to .52."i.()0.
The Knturalht contains departments of Geograiihy and
Travel, .Micro.scopy, luid Proceedings of Heientilic Sieieties.
A digest of the contents of foreign scientilie .journals and
tran.sactions is also given, together with the latest home and
foreign .scientilie news.
GEOLOGY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. A
rejiort comprisint; the results of l'!.\ploratliin or-
dered bv the Le,i;islalnre, by C. H. HilclicocU and
.L H. Ilnnlingloii. Mliistraled with nearly 2.^)0
ilhistratious, maps, diaf;rams (many of which are
fnll-piif,'e). 3 vols. Uoyal 8vo! 1,200 jiafres.
Half moroceo. With large and valuable Atlas
complctiu;; the work, forming the fourth volume.
Concord, 1874. Ueduced from $40.00 to .'t.2.").00.
This great work, wtiicli is wilh(nita doubt the most valu-
able report ever published, contains many nrtieles of interest
to the general reader, as well as the geologist, as man.\ of the
articles were prepared liy gentlemen eminent in their ppec-
iidties, such as the .Natunil History anil Ilotany, and a Ilis-
toryof the K.xplorations among the White .Mountains, t:c.
NATURALIST'S LIBRARY, JAR-
DINE'S. Itv Sir William .lardine. 42 vols.
Foolscap. 8v('). 1,200 eolorial plates. 'With
iinmerous Portraits and JMcmoirs of F'miiuuit
Naturalists. Kxtia clolh, to|) edges, gilt. (Sold
onlvinsets.) London, ISO.'i.
Ueduced from SH4.00 to $;iG.OO.
Contents : llritish Birds ; Sun liirds ; Humming liirds ;
Oanie llirds; Pigeons; Parrots; Flycatchers; Peacocks;
Lions; Tigers; llritish Quadrupeds; Dogs, 2 vols ; Kunii-
nating Animals, vol. 1 (Deer, Antelopes, Sec); Ilnminating
Animals, vol. 2 (Goats, Sheep) ; Seals; Whales, &c. ; Mon-
keys; 1iriti.sh Ituttertlies ; British Moths, &c. ; Foreign
Hiittnrtlies ; Foreign Moths; Beetles; Bees: Introduction,
and foreign Fishes; British Fishes, 2 vols.; I'erch, &c ;
Fishes of (luiana, 2 vols.
■Sir Williain .fardlne's coadjutors in tliis admirable series
were Swainson, Selby, Macglllivray, Waterboufie, Duncan,
Hamilton, Smith, and otliers.
This hook is, perhaps, the most interesting, tlio most
beautiful, and the cheapest series ever olTered to the public.