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.. 
 
 NARRATIVE 
 
 OF THK 
 
 SECOND ARCTIC EXPEDITION 
 
 MADE BY 
 
 CHARLES F. HALL: 
 
 HIS VOYAGE TO REPULSE BAY, SLEDGE JOURNEYS TO THE STRAITS OF FURY 
 AND HECLA AND TO KING WILLIAM'S LAND, 
 
 \ 
 
 AND 
 
 RESIDENCE AMONG THE ESKIMOS DURING THE YEARS 1804-'C<J. 
 
 EDITED UNDER THE ORDERS OF THE HON. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, 
 
 BY 
 
 Prop. J. E. NOURSE, U. S. N. 
 
 U. S. Naval Observatory, 
 
 1879. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPFIOE. 
 1879. 
 
^ ... 
 
 1 S 6 7 5 8 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 V i-H L C V- 
 
 ti 
 
I 
 
 f 
 
 LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, COMMUNICATINCl, 
 IN ANSWER TO A SENATE RESOLUTION OF FEnilUARY «}, 
 1877, THE NARRATIVE OF THE SECOND EXPEDITION TO THIO 
 ARCTIC REGIONS, MADE RY THE LATE (^AFT. C. F. HALL, 
 DURING THE YEARS 18G4 TO 1800. 
 
 Januaky 14, 1870.— Oiilrrcd to lie on tlio tiildc ninl bo x)riuto(I. 
 
 I 
 
 Navy Department, 
 WasJiinf/tott, Jan nan/ 14, 1879. 
 Sir: On tlie Gth of February, 1877, the f(>ll()wiiig' resohition was 
 adopted by the Senate, on motion of Mr. Sargent : 
 
 He^olved, That the Secretary of the Navy furnish, through the Siiperiiitendent of the 
 Naval Observatory, a narrative of the second expt^ditiou to the Arctic Regions, uiude by the late 
 Capt. C. F. Hall, during the years 1804 to 1869, said narrative to be compiled from the manuscriptu 
 purchased from the widow of said Hall by act of Congress ajiprovcd January 'ill, 1^74. 
 
 The Narrative has been prepared in accordance with the resoki- 
 
 tion, and I have the lionor to transmit tlie same lierewith, accompanied 
 
 by a letter from Rear-Admiral John Kodj^ers, Superintendent of the 
 
 Naval Observatory, dated the 11th instant, and a communication from 
 
 Prof. J. E. Nourse, who was directed to prepare the Narrative. 
 
 I am, very respectfully, 
 
 R. W. THOMPSON, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy. 
 Hon. William A. Wheeler, 
 
 Vice-President of the United States. 
 
1. 
 
 lU 
 
i. 
 
 I . 
 
 United States Naval Observatory, 
 
 Washington, January 11, 1879. 
 Sir: I have the honor to submit, herewith, the Narrative of the 
 journeys made by tlie late Capt. C. F. Hall, and of his residence among 
 the Eskimos, during the years 1864-'69 ; which Narrative, by the 
 resolution of the Senate of February 6, 1877, was ordered to be fur- 
 nished through the Superintendent of the Observatory. 
 
 I also forward the letter of Prof. J. E. Nourse, who was ordered 
 by the Department to prepare this work. 
 
 The Observatory is indebted to a number of scientific persons, 
 Arctic explorers, and friends and helpers of the late Captain Hall, for 
 essential aid in the collating of Arctic information. As its exclmnge 
 list calls for the transmission of a number of volumes of each of its 
 publications, I beg leave to ask that, if Congress shall order the publi- 
 cation of this Narrative, as I trust they will, provision be made for 
 placing two hundred and fifty copies at the disposal of the Observatory 
 for distribution. 
 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 JOHN RODGERS, 
 
 Bear-Admiral, Superintendent. 
 Hon. R. W. Thompson, 
 
 Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. 
 
 li 
 
T 
 
 
I 
 
 " j U. S. Naval Obsebvatoky, 
 
 January 10, 1^79. 
 Admiral: I Imvo the honor to submit herewith tlie Narmtivo of 
 the residence of the hite Capt. C. F. Hall among th. Eskimos, which 
 has been prepared for the Senate, by the orders of the Department, 
 under your superintendence and advice. 
 
 The Manuscripts of Captain Hall's explorations, i)urchased by 
 Congress, have been found to present a mass of writing in the form of 
 journals, note-books, and even scattered leaves, exhibiting a large 
 amount of close observation, the results of which the lamented ex- 
 plorer more than once expressed his desire to arrange with his own 
 hand and publish. 
 
 In preparing the Narrative the aim has been to exercise a close 
 discrimination in the selection of the material which seemed the most 
 valuable chiefly in its geographical and ethnological bearings. The 
 astronomical and meteorological observations, leduced from Hall's 
 journal entries, are given in Appendixes I and II. Mr. E. W. D. 
 Bryan, late of the Polaris Expedition, assisting in the preparation of 
 the Narrative, under the orders of the Department, has rendered very 
 valuable services in arranging and condensing the material found in 
 the journals and in superintending the astronomical and meteorolog- 
 ical reductions. Prof. C. Abbe will kmdly re-examine the last 
 
Letter. 
 
 ■■•^^. - ■/ ' 
 
 named. Through the courtesy of Professor Baird, Secretary of the 
 Smithsonian Institution, and of Professor White, United States Geolo- 
 gist, a valuable paper on the geological collections brought by Hall 
 to the United States has been furnished from the pen of Prof. B. K. 
 Emerson, of Amherst College. 
 
 The two years preceding this expedition being years of severe 
 labor spent by Captain Hall in preparing for the renewal of his earlier 
 work which had the same objects in view, the Narrative commences 
 with this period of preparation, and is thus legitimately linked to the 
 objects of Sir John Franklin's Expedition of 1845 and to the expedi- 
 tions sent out for his relief. In a Preliminary Chapter the results of 
 these are given in tabulated form, with maps illustrative of the general 
 progress of geographical exploration secured by these expeditions. 
 
 I have to acknowledge the courtesy shown by Sir Leopold 
 McClintock and by Admiral R. Collinson, R. N., in the communica- 
 tions received from them ; the kindness of Miss Sophia Cracroft in 
 returning two of Hall's journals which had been sent by him to Lady 
 Franklin, and in the loan of a portrait of Sir John which has been repro- 
 duced by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing ; and the receipt 
 through the State Department of valued statistical information col- 
 lated by United States Consul McDougal, of Dundee. The assistance 
 rendered to Hall by his numerous friends is named within the text, 
 from his own acknowledgments. 
 
 I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 J. E. NOURSE, 
 
 Prof., V. S. N. 
 
 Rear-Admiral John Rodqers, 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
 I 
 
 -I > 
 
^r™,. ,,,^^.^-:. - F-«;^.---^».-.j-^ 
 
 »Kg>>.. 
 
 CONTEJ^TS. 
 
 . 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 OFFICIAL LETTERS 
 
 Letter of Hou. R. W. Thon.ps<,n, Secretary of the Navy, to the Vice-PresWent U S 
 lury oi tiio JNavy, lorwartling the Narrative. 
 
 PRELIMINARY CHAPTER 
 
 «.«ta..of thoz;a ::;::; x^^^^^^^^ -^^^^ 
 
 Fran.Hn-Han. .-appeal" ana lecture LTsT^-^J^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 c.noxp,o.tions.rtheN„rth.e^^ Parage aM .; IZ t^::^;:!^^. 
 
 deaths-Arctic authorities, 18lil860 ......."..:. .7 .!." '"""*''" "' 
 
 CHAPTER L 
 
 PREPARATORY WORK FOR THE EXPEDITION. 
 
 Skptember to December, 1862 
 
 de«.riug to prenent the Frobisher relics to the Fn„ii i , „ ^'""""**'' 
 
 of U,. .l„„„„c, read W„„ „„ B„,„, Coosrapl,™. S«ci,.,y, L.L.,,-T ,XZ 
 
 Pago. 
 
 XI-L 
 
 »-19 
 
 J 
 
u 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER 11. 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR THE VOYAGE— HALL SAILS FROM NEW LONDON. 
 
 Dkckmbeu, 1862, TO July, 1864. 
 
 Hiill lectures for hfs ]»cr8onal support and that of tlic two EHkiinns — His caro of these 
 people — Deatli of Tiik-ee-li-kee-ta — Friends gained for the Second Expedition — 
 Plan of an expedition snbmitted by Hall, March 17, 1863, to Mr. Grinncll and R. 11. 
 Chapell, of New Loudon, Conn. — Hall's preference for a plan which would not 
 include whaling — Financial difficulties — Embarrassments in forming new friend- 
 8hi)>8 — Determination to go out a second time, oven for an absence of ten years — 
 Ex[iectatiou of linding new whaling-grounds— Correspondence on this subject with 
 Mr. R. H. Chapell and Professor Bache, Superintendent United States Coast Sur- 
 vey — Disap]>ointuient as to assistance from the Legislature and from the New York 
 Chamber of Commerce — Failure to obtain a loan of instmments from the Gov- 
 erument^ — Card to the public, postponing the expedition to another year — Hall 
 resumes work on the "Arctic Researches" — Lectures before the Long Island His- 
 torical Society — May, 1864, renews his appeal, indorsed by le.iding citiz.ens — Loans 
 of instruments — Free pass''.ge tendered by Mr. Chapell — Hospitable reeeirtion at 
 New London — Sails for f t. John's 23-44 
 
 ■ I 
 
 CHAPTER in. 
 
 FROM ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, TO WINTER QUARTERS ON THE WELCOME. 
 
 July 18 to October 1, 1864. 
 
 Arrival at St. John's, Newfoundland — Departure lor Hudson's Bay — Passage through the 
 Straits — Exciting capture of two Polar bears — The Monticello lands Hall at Depot 
 Island and cruises for whales — A white man hired from the whalers — The Helen F. 
 takes Hall's party toward the Wager River — Mistakes the latitude, landing them 
 forty miles south — Tents set up and cache made — First meeting with the Inuuits 
 from Repidso Bay — Inquiries made of them as to Franklin's Expedition — Change of 
 the season — Removal of tupiks — The Innuits collect their fur dresses — Their fre- 
 quent visits to Hall's tupiks— Snow-drifts— Wolf-tracks — Snow-partridges — Con- 
 struction of au igloo — Winter quartei-s 47-76 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 INTERCOURSE WITH THE INNUITS— THEIR FEASTS AND HUNTS. 
 
 October to December 31, 1864. 
 
 Hall's ministrations to the siiflfering — Their gratitude — Feasts described — Ebierbing 
 
 aukooted — An aurora — Magnetic observatory erected— Sledge journey down the 
 
 Welcome — Musk-ox hunt — A fox caught in his own trap — Customs in making 
 
 reindeer deposits — A bear slain — Preparation of skins— Hall's seal hunt — Playing 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 • •• 
 
 111 
 
 the key-low-tik — Removnl to the walnis-gvouiKls — Oii-c-la's Innnit stories — Visit 
 by !■■ natives to the wliiilc-sliips at Depot Isliiiid — Alleged reasons for advice 
 given by the lunuits to Dr. Kao in 1854— Discovery that a day liad been lost in 
 the reckouiug — Presents received from the whalers — Successful walrus-hunt 79-123 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 WINTER LIFE AND JOIIKNEY TO THE WAGER. 
 
 Janl'auy to May, 18C5. 
 
 New Year's Day— Hall's speech — Feasting — Brilliant auroras — He visits, with the Innnits, 
 the whalers at Depot Island— Hospitalities and anuiwtnients on board — Return to 
 Noo-wook — Shoo-she-ark-nook ]iersuadcs some of the Inniiits to abandon Hall — 
 Supposed earthqtiake — Now orders of the An-ge-ko — Meteorological observations 
 — Want of confidence in the iustrumeuts— Experiments as to the freezing-point of 
 mercury — Severity of the cold — Difficulty in making records — Hall's brass tablets — 
 Supplies nearly exhausted — Ebierbing comes to the rescue — Flocks of eider-ducks 
 in the Welcome — ^Native customs in sealing — Nu-ker-zhoo's and Ebierbing's ill- 
 success — Supplies of ])rovision, fuel, and light nearly gone — Plenty restored — The 
 season moderating — Plan for sin-vey of the Welcome — Hall's broken health — The 
 tides in the river — Removal to the Wager 127-1(54 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 FROM THE WAGER TO FORT HOPE. 
 
 May to Septemder, 186r>. 
 
 The thirteenth encampment made upon the Wager River — A successful sealing season — 
 Hall's own prize — Rejoicings at the first success of a young Innuit — Customs at the 
 birth of an infant — Mo\ ing from kom-mtmgs into tnpiks — Appearance of the 
 deserted village — Aurora — Journey to Repulse Bay — Refraction — Encampment on 
 Oog-la-ri-your Island— Ou-e-la's dexterity in hunting — Game secured — The making 
 of ook-gook lines — Clearing out of the ice — Ai)pearance of the whalers in the 
 Welcome — Refraction — Storm — Treatment of the dogs — The tides — Death of Shoo- 
 she-ark-nook — Mourning customs— Renewed appearance of whalers in Repulse 
 P.ty — Captures of a whale by the crews of Hall's boats — Encampment near Fort 
 Hope of Dr. Rae — Hall's uottw of the rocks, stones, and sand found on the ice, com- 
 pared with Parry's observations Ifi7-193 
 
vril 
 
 IV 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 A 8ECCND WINTER LIFE— PREPARATIONS FOR THE l^RST SLEDGE JOURNEY TO 
 
 KING WILLIAM'S LAND. 
 
 Septembeh, 1860, TO Apkil, 1866. 
 
 PhiiiB for a sleilgo journey in tbo spring — Scparatlou from the Innuita — Ebicrbiug, Too- 
 koo-li-too, and Ar-mon'a family rcmaiu with Hall — Hig interest in the deer-hunts — 
 Danger to life experienced — An aurora described by Hall as scon from bis bed ou 
 tbo rocks — Largo number of deer slain — Hall's reindeer deposits — Severe gab; — 
 Too-koo-li-too's remembrance of the Brooklyn ladies wishing her to dress like 
 civilized people — Exposures on visiting the deposits — Failure to catch salmon — 
 Hall's daily subsistence — He prcioares skiu garments — Removal toNow-yam — News 
 of the drowning of Ar-too-a — Feasts and amusements at Now-yarn — Visit to Oog-la- 
 ri-your Island — Troubles with the natives— Reconciliation and encouragements — 
 Temperature of tbo winter months — Frequent auroras — Readiness for a forward 
 move to King William's Land 201-23.T 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 FIRST ADVANCE TOWARD KING WILLIAM'S LAND-SLEDGE JOURNEY TO COLVILE 
 
 BAY AND RETURN. 
 
 March 31 to May 25, 1866. 
 
 Start for King William's Land March 31 — Hall's companions — His exposure— Walks 
 behind the sledges — Gale-bound — Innuit legends of the wolf aud the bear — An-koo- 
 ting for Too-koo-li-too's sick infant — Uncertainty of the guides — Dr. Rae's chart 
 folio >vod — Letters sent back to the whalers — Tardiness of the natives — Renewed 
 an-koo-ting for the child — Further delays — Icing of the sleds renewed — The Sea of 
 Ak-koo-lee reached on the twenty-eighth day of a journey once made by Rae in 
 five days — Meeting with natives from Pelly Bay — Their accounts of Franklin's 
 ships — Relics obtained from them — Intimidation of Hall's men by these natives — 
 Hall compelled to return from Colvile Bay — Leaves a deposit at Capo Weynton for 
 his no;, t journey — Buries Too-koo-li-too's child, " Little King William" — Arrives at 
 Beacon Tlill May 23 — The Innuits agree to go back the next year 237-269 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 JOURNEYS AROUND REPULSE BAY, SUMMER LIFE, AND THIRD WINTER. 
 
 June, 1866, to February, 1867. 
 
 Conditions necessary for a new journey — Experience with the natives of Pelly Bay — 
 Arrival of the tribe at E-nook-shoo-lik — Hall goes out to meet them — Reception of 
 their an-ge-ko — Their story of the white man's monument at Shar-too — The tin cup 
 with paper in it which was thrown away — The skeletons by the monument — The 
 
 
CONTENTS. V 
 
 superstitions of these people — Hall accused of briiigiiiK sickness ainoiif:; tlieni — 
 The hanging of,thc old chief and his wife by their son " to take them to the 
 happy laud" — Hall keeps the peace between the I'elly Hay and the Repnlso Bay 
 natives — Settles some old feuds in his tupik — His sledge journeys for survey of 
 the bay — Embarrassments in his work — Death of Ou-o-la's wife — Ill-treatment 
 of women — Arrival of the whalers — Hall requests them to spare men from their 
 crews for his next iourney — His assistance to the captains — The ships decide to 
 winter in the bay — Hall encamps near them in November — Intercourse through 
 the winter — ^The captains will not let the Innnits furnish him with dogs 273-290 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 SLEDGE JOURNEY TO IG-LOO-LIK FOR DOGS. 
 
 FEBnuARY 7 T<i April 1, 1807. 
 
 Connter-claims on the Innnits for their dogs — Hall determines to make a sledge journey 
 to Ig-loo-lik to purchase his own team — Leaves Ships' Harbor Islands February 7 — 
 First delays — On-o-la loses his way — Provisions become scarce — The months of the 
 dogs tied up to prevent their eating the harness — Am-i-toko reached, but no natives 
 found — Ou-e-la accuses Hall of bringing him to starvation — Ig-loo-lik reached on 
 the 27th — Purchase of dogs — Visit to Tern Island, to Parry's flag-staff— Ou-e-la puts 
 a widow and her household goods ou the return sled — Hall puts her oif on the ice — 
 Starts back with another native as driver — Ou-e-la's bad conduct on the return — 
 Hall again sights the ships on the 30th of March — The captains now refuse to let 
 him have the men for his journey 293-310 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 JOURNEY TO CAPE WEYNTON. 
 
 SUMMKR OF 18C7 AND WINTER OF 1868. 
 
 Anxiety for the safety of the cache made in 1866 — Hall's party sets out to vist it May 
 1 — Route by Gibson's Cove, Walrus Island, and Iwillik to Christie Lake — Sails 
 raised on the sleds — Snow-blindness — Miles Lake reached — Strange Innnits seen — 
 The Sea of Ak-koo-loe and Point Hargrave reached — Expedients to hnrry up the 
 dogs— Capo Weyntoii reached — ^The cache changed — Return to Beacon Hill — A 
 week's musk-ox hunt — Survey of Ships' Harbor Islands — Native superstition — Hall's 
 purchase of supplies — Capture of a walrus — The hiring of five white men — Winter 
 quarters 313-327 
 
vi 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 JOURNEY TO THE STRAI'l OF FURY AND HECLA AND TO LYON'S INLET, AND 
 
 FOURTH WINTER. 
 
 TKunuAUY, 1868, TO March, 1869. 
 
 Hall purposes to visit tho northern part of Mcllville Peninsula — Reasons for this journey 
 in place of ouo to King William's Land — The iufonnation from the natives of 
 monument and places of white men seen there since 1863 — Pnrchases the few 
 dogs still alive among tho natives — His provision-list for tho journey au<l articles 
 of barter — Loses some of his notes by the gale — Encamps on tho ice uoor the Ooglit 
 Islands — Converses with tho natives — Visits Parry Bay with Koo-loo-a — Finds a 
 monument — Digs in vain for the cache — Finds the remains of a tenting-place onco 
 occupied by white men — Discovers Grinnell Lake and Brevoort River — Visits 
 Amherst Island — Returns to Tern Island — Holds further conversations with the 
 natives — Receives several maps drawn by the Eskimos — Visits GiflFord River to 
 f nd another tenting-place — Returns to Repulse Bay — Salmon-tishing and deer- 
 hnuts — Mutiny of one of the five white men — Loss of life — Capture of a second 
 whale — Journey to Lyon's Inlet — Survej' — Discharge of the four wliite men — Hall 
 dries venison and i>repares pemmican in his own igloo — Plans for a new sledgo 
 journey to King William's Land ;Wl-374 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 FINAL JOURNEY TO KING WILLIAM'S LAND AND RETURN TO THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 March 23, 18C9, to Septembkh 26, 1869. 
 
 Hall begins his final journey to King William's Land — Route toward Pelly Bay the same 
 with that followed in 1866 and 1867 — The cache made in 1867 reached — Safety of the 
 stores — Deposit made for the return joumev — Encamps on Lake Tep-suk-ju-a 
 April 8 — On Augusta Island, Aiiril 11 —Meets Pelly Bay natives — Peculiarities of 
 the ice formation — Flying sledge trip to the igloos — Franklin relics — Hall's natives 
 alarmed — Their fe.trs quieted — Musk-ox hunt near Simpson's Lake — Neitchille na- 
 tives met— Conversations with In-nook-poo-zhe-jook — More Franklin relics — En- 
 camps on Todd's Island — Graves of Franklin's men visited near Petfer River — 
 Graves on Todd's island — Deep snow iirevents further search — Unwillingness of 
 tho natives to remain — Return to Repulse Bay — Information from In-nook-poo-zhc- 
 jook on tho route — Abundance of game from King William's Land to Repulse 
 Bay — Musk-ox hunts — Hall's letter giving the results of this journey — Arrives at 
 Repulse Bay — Plans of return to the United States — Occupations during June 
 and July — Places the bone of his third whale and his musk-ox skins on the Au- 
 sell Gibbs — Sails for the United States — Hunts the bear and the deer at Whale 
 Point — Arrives at New Bedford, September 26, 1869 — Tributes of respect — Visit to 
 his grave by the English Ai-ctic Expedition of 1875 377-438 
 
r^^VM ■•' .piL-"^ HV^Ji "."ir" t 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 VI 1 
 
 CHAPTER XTV. 
 
 ADDITIONAL NOTES— HALL'S TWO ESKIMO FRIENDS. 
 
 Hall's two Eskimo fiiends-Ebierbing (Joo) and Too-koo-li-too (Hannah)— Their chil- 
 dren—Joe's cousiu8—Tlio inscriptions in the cenietory at Groton, Connecticut 441-448 
 
 APPENDIXES 
 
 I. Hall's Astronomical Observations 451-47.'> 
 
 11. Hall's Meteorological Observations 47S)-.5''.n 
 
 III. Hall's Geological Collections discussed hy Prof. Benj. K. Emerson, of Amherst Col- 
 
 lege, Massachusetts £)53-r)83 
 
 IV. Conversations with the Innuits, 1864, 1868, and 1869 587-611 
 
 V. Statistics furnished hy U. S. Consul McDougall m to the whale fishery, and the 
 
 manufacture of jute at Dundee, by the use of whale and seal oil 61&-C33 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 35, for (Appendix) VIII read V. 
 Page 37, for (Messrs.) Poillou read Poillon. 
 Page 42, for whaling brig read harque. 
 Page 176, for Eggors read Eggert'a. 
 Pago 2irr, for 80° below zero read 50. 
 
 I 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 1 
 
 
 STEEL ENGRAVINGS. 
 (Executed at the U, S. Treasury Departinent. ) 
 
 Portrait of Hall (1870) Frontispiece 
 
 Page. 
 Portrait of Sir John Franklin (from an engraving loaned by Miss Cracvoft, of London).. .. xxviii 
 
 WOOD ENGRAVINGS, PHOTO-ENGRAVINGS, AND HELIOTYPE8. 
 
 Spoon belonging to Sir John Franklin xxiii 
 
 Miniature of Franklin xxiv 
 
 Sir Martiu Frobisher 7 
 
 Mr. Henry Grinnell, with autograph 26 
 
 Mr. J. C. Breevotn-t, with autograph 41 
 
 Harbor of New London 4ii 
 
 Harbor of St. John's 48 
 
 Polar Bear of Hudson's Strait 55J 
 
 Moving the Tujuks 68 
 
 Snow-partridges 71 
 
 Snow-knife 73 
 
 Hall's First Igloo and Ground-plan 74 
 
 Innuit Lamp 75 
 
 Eskimo Sled. «> 
 
 Sek-koons (fur-scrapers) 91 
 
 Eskimo Games (ball and cup) 95 
 
 Playing the Key-low-tik 96 
 
 Key-low-tik and Kentoon 97 
 
 Dog-skin Mittens 107 
 
 Innuit Lance and Parts of the Same 119 
 
 A Walrus-Hunt I'il 
 
 Walrus Head 122 
 
 Ground-plan of Village Igloo 128 
 
 Ground-plan of Igloo of Sledge Journey I'M 
 
 Arrowtar 135 
 
 viii 
 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 IX 
 
 Seal-skin Hoots and Bear-okin Mittens 1:HI 
 
 Ebicrbing going out Sealing l.M 
 
 Innnit Harpoon-heads 16a 
 
 Ivory and Bono Combs 177 
 
 Eskimo Dog IKi 
 
 Too-koo>1i-t(ii> going out into the Storm '^i 
 
 Deer-skin Gloves 2l'^ 
 
 Repulse Bay K'a, and Kia Ornament 21H 
 
 Ar-too-a Drowned from his Kia 217 
 
 Innuit Tight-ropes 218 
 
 Seal-tooth Omameut for the Head 219 
 
 Ground plan of Feasting-igloo 220 
 
 Eskimo Sled 221 
 
 Hall's Sketch of Now-yam Harbor 222 
 
 The Rent Cliflf 223 
 
 Aurora Sketched by Hall 230 
 
 Frauklin Relics 258 
 
 Franklin Roiics — Spoons and Forks 259 
 
 Bear-tooth Toggle 295 
 
 Hall's Lamp 297 
 
 luuuit Arrows 302 
 
 Bono Charm, Needle-case, Knife, Saw, and Bone Fork 304 
 
 Hall's Boat-log 324 
 
 Snow-goggles 343 
 
 Monument Built by White Men 344 
 
 Sketch of Monumental Inlet 345 
 
 Sketch of Tenting-place of White Men 352 
 
 Scraper to Deceive the Seal 352 
 
 Hall's Capture of a Whale :{C3 
 
 Snow Village 368 
 
 Setting out for King William's Land 378 
 
 Seal and Deer Skin Foot-gear 380 
 
 Sabres 390 
 
 Snow-shovel 392 
 
 Innuit Ivory Knives, Fork, and Spoon 397 
 
 Desk from Franklin's Ship, Needle-case from King William's Land 399 
 
 Innuit Stone Pot 408 
 
 Leaf from Hall's Note-book 409 
 
 Tablet for Covers 410 
 
 Musk-ox Horns and Ladle made from them 412 
 
 Horns of a Deer shot by Hall 413 
 
 Musk-ox Hunt 414 
 
 Hall's Grave 438 
 
ILLUBTllATIONS. 
 
 Pkge. . 
 
 EmUjiuo Joe 443 
 
 Urotou, Coiiuu(ttiuut 440 
 
 Oii-Hc-^oiiK (Jcniniio) uiid Kud-lup-pa-nii-no (oounius of Jou) 410,447 
 
 flamittU 448 
 
 MAPS. 
 
 Clroumpolnr Mnp, with explorers' names in the poclfct of tho volume, 
 
 I'art of the Cliiirt furniHlied to Frunklin xxvil 
 
 Supposed Track of Franklin xxxii 
 
 Tlio Record found by McClintock in the Cairn xxxiii 
 
 CircnnijNilar Map No. II — Geographical Discoveries since 1818 xxxviii 
 
 Frol)iHlicr'H Map 15 
 
 Hull's Voyages to Repulse Bay oud return 65 
 
 UM'h Boat Journey, 18C5 179 
 
 Hall's Boat Journey, laOG 279 
 
 Hall's Survey of Ships' Harbor Islands 321 
 
 Hall's Jouniey to Straits of Fury and Hccla, 18ti8 340 
 
 Hall's Journey to Lyon's Inlet, 1868 307 
 
 Hall's Journey to King William's Land, 1809 380 
 
 SKETCHES OF COAST-LINE, DRAWN BY INNUITS. 
 
 Armou's Sketch of Coast from Fort Churchi 11 to Lancaster Sound 225 
 
 Ou-c-la's Sketch of Repulse Bay 278 
 
 Nood-loo's Sketch of Murray Maxwell Inlet 351 
 
 Oon-ger-luk's Sketch of Fox Channel 354 
 
 Oon-ger-luk's Sketch of Admiralty Inlet 350 
 
 Pa-pa- tew-a's Sketch of Lyon's Inlet 304 
 
 Papa-tew-a's Sketch of Pond's Bay 370 
 
 lu-uook-poo-zhce-jook's Sketch of King William's Land 398 
 
PRELIMINARY CHAPTER. 
 
■"I 
 
 
PRELIMINARY CHAPTER. 
 
 Hall's three Expeditions— Purchase of his Manuscripts by Congress— Re^ olution of 
 THE Senate of February (5, 1877 — The three Expeditions compared — Connection 
 OF THE First and of the Second with the Franklin Expedition— C'oKirspoNDENCE 
 WITH Lady Franklin— Hall's "Appeal'" and Lecture in IWiO— Tables of English 
 AND OF American explorations for the Northwest Passage and kok the relief 
 OF Franklin— Beneficial Results and estimated costs of these Expeditions, 
 public and private, stated in a letter from Admiral Sir Leopold M<jClintock, 
 R. N. — The small percentage of deaths— Arctic Ai'thoimties, 1818-1860. 
 
 The late Capt. Charles Francis Hall, commander of tho North 
 Polar Expedition of 187 J, United States steamshi}) Polaris, had pre- 
 viously made two voyages, or, as he has called them, " Expeditions," 
 to the northern shores of America. 
 
 The first of these embraced a period of two years and three 
 months, from May 29, 1860, to September 13, 1862, furnishing the 
 material for his "Arctic Researches," which he published in 1864 
 
 The second voyage and residence among the Eskimos occupied 
 the longer period of five years and three months, from June 30, 1864, 
 to September 26, 1869 ; but of this he left no narrative, becoming 
 absorbed immediately on his return in preparing for his third voyage, 
 that of the Polaris. On board of this vessel his sudden death occuired 
 November 8, 1871. 
 
 Under the act of Congress approved June 23, 1874, the Navy 
 
 zi 
 
xu 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 Department purchased from his family, for the sum of $15,000, the 
 manuscripts of his several explorations, some of which were made use 
 of by the late Admiral Davis in preparing for the Department the 
 widely-appreciated " Narrative of the North Polar Expedition."* The 
 larger number of the manuscripts, however, have been found to belong 
 
 to the Second Expedition, and form the basis of the Narrative now 
 prepared by the orders of the Department, to meet the call of the 
 Senate in the resolution adopted, on the motion of Hon. A. A. Sargent, 
 February 6, 1877. 
 
 Hall's journals and notes of the years 1864 to 1869, kept gen- 
 erally with much care, present a few blanks; chiefly because an un- 
 broken diary was made impossible by the privations of an ill-furnished 
 Arctic life His private correspondence, courteously loaned by his 
 steadfast friend, Mr. J. C. Brevoort, and by the family of the late 
 Mr. Henry Grinnell, supplements in part these deficiencies. It dis- 
 closes also repulses experienced while seeking assistance for this sec- 
 ond voyage which must have severely schooled his energies. 
 
 His three enterprises had a common object in geographical dis- 
 covery. The Polaris voyage, however, finds its distinctive separation 
 from his earlier objects in its aiming at solving the problem of the 
 Pole. In this point, and in its being in the fullest sense an expedition, 
 and not the itinerary of a traveler with a few native attendants, it 
 claims a much higher place than the Narrative now presented. 
 
 But the journals of the years 1864-'6y exhibit a longer experience 
 by Mr. Hall in Arctic life, and consequently with the customs, traditions, 
 and superstitions of the Innuits than has fallen to the lot of other Arctic 
 
 " Tlio third edition of this Narrative was ordered by Coiii^ress Juuo 7, 1878, to bo on sale 
 uudcr the provisions of the act of that date. This edition is exhausted. 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 • •• 
 
 Xlll 
 
 travelers. His Second Expedition, as disting-uished from the Third, will 
 also be found to be closely connected with the First and with the 
 course of American and English Arctic exploration during the pre- 
 ceding twenty years; for the two voyages of 1 860-62 and of 1864-69 
 were alike " Franklin Relief " Expeditions, in which Hall endeav- 
 ored to complete the work begun by Lieutenant De Haven, Dr. E. K. 
 Kane, of the United States Navy, and their associates, and by more 
 than thirty English relief parties which had preceded them. 
 
 Sympathy for the mysterious fate of Franklin's Expedition was 
 universal. In Hall it kindled a spirit of enthusiasm which failed him 
 only with his life It early became his controling idea. Through the 
 nine years from May, 1850 when Secretary Preston's Instructions for 
 the First Grinnell Expedition issued to Lieutenant De Haven, to the 
 return of the English steamer Fox, he was steadily increasing his 
 Arctic library, and devoting every spare hour to Arctic study ; and his 
 notes and comments show his interest in all such returns from the 
 searched region as Dr. Eae, in 1854, brought from Boothia, De Haven 
 rnd Kane from Beechy Island, or McClintock from King William's 
 Land. 
 
 On the return of the officer last named. Hall urged that the explo- 
 rations made by him and his junior officers, Hobson and Young, 
 though eminently successful, still left nmch of value to be secured ; 
 that they had been made, by necessity, in the month of May when 
 the land was still covered with snow, and that interviews with the 
 Eskimos had been found practicable with detached parties only. 
 Hoping for further success in a more favorable season of the year, and 
 believing that " as England had left the field of search, the Stars and 
 Stripes should enter," he sailed from New London, Conn., in May, 
 
;i 
 
 XIV 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 1860, for the most favorable northwestern point he could reach in a 
 whaler, from which point he would make his way westward with such 
 Eskimo companions as he could secure. To the American Geograph- 
 ical Society he had avowed his chief object to be " to determine more 
 satisfactorily the fate of the one hundred and five companions of 
 Frankliii known to be alive at the date of the * Record ' brought back 
 by McClintock." 
 
 Nothing seems to prove more fully the sincerity and depth of con- 
 victions — at times insecurely based — than this expectation of finding offi- 
 cers or men of that party still alive. The paper found at Point Victory 
 in 1 859 showed that Captain Crozier had left the ships on their aban- 
 donment, with a weakened party and with the remnant of perhaps origi- 
 nally ill-supplied* provisions, to find his way toward the desolate region 
 of Back's or Great Fish River. The presumption in the minds of most 
 men was entirely against the probability of extended life in any one of 
 the survivors named in that Record. 
 
 But all difficulties in the case were overcome or lost sight of in 
 Hall's reasonings, and in his impulse to bear relief From inquiries 
 of the whalers who visited Cumberland Sound, Repulse Bay, and other 
 northern localities, he learned that the experience of some who had 
 lived for months as Eskimos with the Eskimos, had not been severe; 
 and from one of Dr. Kane's party, Mr. William Hickey, he received 
 assurance that when he and others of that party had so lived, they had 
 recovered from all sicknesses and maintained their health. Hall con- 
 cluded that some of Franklin's survivors might be still enjoying a lease 
 
 "See Sir John Richardaou's "Polar Kegions," p. 162; Admiral Sherard Osbom'u "Career of 
 Franklin," pp. 76, 105, 108 ; and D. Murray Smith's "Arctic Explorations," 1877, especially for the 
 quality of Goldner's provisions. The want of pemmican itself, of which Osbom speaks, would 
 make the support of Crozier's party almost hopeless, compelling them to drag loads too heavy 
 for their strength. 
 
 4. 
 
Preliminarij Chapter. 
 
 XV 
 
 of life among that not inhospitable people, and he hoped that by his 
 going out and living patiently among them, he could draw out through 
 faithful interpreters, the final clue to the fate of the ships, the men, and 
 the records of the expedition Other reasonings leading him to believe 
 that some of Franklin's party still survived were substantially these: 
 that no Arctic explorer had ever understood better the necessities of a 
 good supply of fresh provisions for his men than did Sir John Franklin, 
 and that he made provision for such necessities. In proof of this, Hall 
 had found in the official papers that a full complement of fresh provis- 
 ions, preserved meats, soups, and vegetables, and ten live oxen were on 
 board the Erebus and the Terror. Further, that Franklin had told Cap- 
 tain Martin, of the whaler Enterprise, when off the coast of Greenland, 
 July 22, 1845, that he had provisions for five years, and, if necessary, 
 could make them spin out seven ; and he would lose no opportunity of 
 killing game, having already organized shooting parties. There was 
 every reason to believe, too, that animal life was found in abundance 
 by his men on the shores of Wellington Channel, especially in the 
 neighborhood of Baillie Hamilton Island, and that Franklin had sent 
 hunting parties to great distances with sledges; for the tracks of these 
 sledges were seen six years after by Kane, De Haven, and Ommaney 
 and Osborn. Hall could say with truth that his expectations of ren- 
 dering relief were based on years of careful study and examination of 
 what had been written on this subject j and his appeal was plain and 
 strong, " Why should not attempts be renewed again and again until 
 all the facts are known!" 
 
 These and other references to the First Voyage are here made the 
 more full, because, as has been already intimated, the same idea of 
 
i! 
 
 I ! 
 
 XVI 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 II '1 
 
 11, 
 
 " rescue" is the key to the Second also, geographical discovery being 
 but a subordinate motive. Hall's first voyage had been rewarded by 
 discovery, and he was thus stimulated to return to the North. But up 
 to the time of his preparations for the North Polar Expedition in 1870, 
 there was probably no day in which his thoughts were not upon 
 Franklin's men and King William's Land ; and even then his expecta- 
 tion was to resume the search on his return from the Pole. For this 
 problem only he declined Lady Franklin's proposal that he should go 
 out a third time for the Records of the Expedition. 
 
 The following Letter on this subject, written on her receiving in 
 1869 a newspaper account of some of Hall's Arctic work, shows her 
 impartial judgment and her confidence also in his character and plans. 
 In this connection it will be remembered that Lady Franklin, after 
 being compelled on McClintock's return to abandon the lingering hope 
 of her husband's safety, still held her thoughts on the recovery of the 
 Records as the clue to the history of his last years and as establishing 
 the claim that he was the discoverer of the Northwest Passage. The 
 inquiries which she here makes of Hall were answered by his letter 
 of a later date, and are met in full by the statements in Chapter XIII 
 of this Narrative. 
 
 ■1, 
 
[LETTER FROM LADY JANE FRANKLIN.] 
 
 Upper Gove Lodge 
 
 Keimmjton Gove, 
 
 Oct: 30'* 09. 
 My dear Mb. Grinnell, 
 
 I had not received M' Hall's report when I wrote to you last 
 by Denis, or I should have had much more to say to you. This 
 I have delayed, however, because I felt it was a moment when 
 your mind must be fully occupied not only with Mr Hall, but with 
 the still nearer and more heartfelt business of overlooking all your 
 dear son's relics and papers. — I wished also to hear the opinions of my 
 Arctic friends on Mr Hall's report ; but in this I have had but partial 
 success, as at this season friends are dispersed, and very few at hand 
 with whom details can be discussed. — My own impresssiou is that Mr 
 Hall has done his best with the means he had at his command ; but 
 his statement is full of omissions and so devoid of order and dates as 
 to leave much confusion and perplexity in the mind. He makes no 
 distinction between the places he visited himself, and what he saw him- 
 self—and what he only heard of. What are the places he really set foot 
 on in K. W. Land and the dates on which he did so ? Did he merely 
 touch the Eastern shore, or did he go along the Southern coast by Cape 
 Herschel, and Aisit the other places, where he says they finally perished ? 
 I presume he did not visit Montreal Island, but his assertion (derived 
 no doubt from certain Esquimaux) is at variance with what other 
 Esquimaux told D' Eae and afterwards McClintock, and with the con- 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -TI 
 
 XVII 
 
11: 
 
 • • • 
 
 XV 111 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 ;(,f 
 
 \> 
 
 elusions formed by Anderson, the Hudson Bayofflcer, previous to that 
 period. 
 
 1 am now sui)po8ing that two sets of Esquimaux gave contradic- 
 tory evidence on this point, but I perceive it was the same man whose 
 name was given by IMr Hall, who gave the contradictory information 
 to the two parties. — Is tliis the case, or has D'. Eae misunderstood him 
 or Hall? 
 
 Who was his authority for saying that the records are buried in a 
 vault (that is, I suppose, a hole dug for the purpose) near Point Vic- 
 tory ? Could the Esquimaux point out the exact spot, and, if so, can 
 we believe they have not opened or rifled it? Was this question put 
 to theni ■ — and is there reason to suppose that these documents may 
 exist in part in their possession ? — Most people are of opinion that they 
 took tlieir journals with them on their march, and that even at the last 
 extremity, they did not throw them away, but tried to hide them ; and 
 this may have taken i)lace all along the march. It seems strange, if they 
 were buried near Pt. Victory, that the Record found there and brought 
 home by McOlintock, did not notice this; — especially as it was well un- 
 derstood, I believe, among the oflBcers, although not openly talked about 
 (lest the information should be betrayed to the natives) that these doc- 
 uments were to be buried so many yards magnetic north of the cairns 
 erected. — ^Again it is supposed, and I believe McClintock is of that 
 opinion, that these vaults may be conjectural things, by which the 
 Esquimaux explained some leveled or paved spot which had been the 
 site of a magnetic Observatory or shooting station. Have the Esqui- 
 maux ever been asked if they found tin cylinders, or any other con- 
 trivance for holding nothing but a sheet of i>aper, under the cairns, and 
 what they did with them, and whether they could procure any, if hand- 
 somely rewarded ? If another search were instituted, it should be held 
 out to them that the production of paper or books would be more hand- 
 somely rewarded than anything else. 
 
 Does not W. Hall believe that, if the natives had found what he 
 calls "the vault," they would have removed everything out of it5 would 
 he have given up the search had he felt convinced that anything was to 
 
 ■•ii-. 
 
Preliminarj/ Chapter. 
 
 XIX 
 
 be {^iiined by pmNuiii}^ it? — This is a question tbjit lias been put to me ; 
 but I think Mr Ilall hud not the means of supporting himself in the 
 barren island, and could get no one to accompany him, or not enough 
 of men ; and then the new idea of the North I'olo tool* possession 
 of him and seemed to him a more worthy object of ambition. — Yet, 
 though ho abandoned, whether from necessity or choice, the object he 
 had held out to himself from the beginning, he is too conscientious to 
 say that nothing more cau be done, or that ho did all that man can 
 even do ; and his declaration is, iu my view of things, creditable to his 
 candor and truthfulness; ho ahnost invites others to do that iu which 
 ho has failed himself, — and this leads mo to ask (and many are asking 
 the same question) wliether anything would induce him to go again ? 
 and, if so, whether ho would consent to accompany one of the bravest 
 and ablest of our Arctic officers, as his Second. — 
 
 I would ask you to ascertain from him whether ho would postpone 
 his efforts to reach the Pole, for one season (he uuiy be quite sure there 
 is no danger of any body getting there before hini) and devote a whole 
 summer to the recovery of the precious documents on King William 
 Island, and the several adjoining places on the main-land, where ho 
 believes the last of our poor people perished. 
 
 The emoluments or remuneration must be such as to make it worth 
 his while to undertake another voyage, and should be suggested by 
 himself, so that ho might start with a willing niind and be able to see 
 that his further movements northward would be facilitated rather than 
 checked, by joining in this final Arctic search. — In fact, he and his 
 two Esquimaux, if ho ttikes them with him towards the Pole, would be 
 so far forwarded on their way when the King W"' search was over. 
 I do not enter at present into more detail, except that such an Expe- 
 dition would be on a manageable but sufficient scale, composed of well- 
 tried, trustworthy men, whether English, American, or Canadian, i. e. 
 Hudson Bay people j and, that the funds arc provided and are ample 
 for the purpose. To apiily again for Government aid seems totally out 
 of the question. Such an appeal would not be listened to for a moment, 
 and it is quit© certain that whatever has been hitherto effected has been 
 
I, 
 iHIJ 
 
 I.I I'l 
 
 XX 
 
 Prdiminory Chapter. 
 
 i|;':i 
 
 
 ii:: 
 
 
 ' m 
 
 i 'Hi; 
 
 by private nieana; viz, by your Expeditious on the oue liaiul, and my 
 humble etforts on the other. 
 
 What I have now said about engagiug Mr. Hall in a last effort will 
 show him that I judge of him as you do yourself; viz, that he is an able, 
 fearless, trustworthy and conscientious man ; Dear Cornelius always 
 maintained that he was so. It remains to be seen whether in so holy 
 and noble a cause as the rescue of those precious documents from eternal 
 sepulture in oblivion, W. Hall would be willing to forego the chief com- 
 mand, in order to act as a coadjutor with all that natural influence which 
 his experience and zeal must give him ; sharing the dangers of his com- 
 panion and sharing his glory also. 
 
 Having said this much, I must add my request that the suggestions 
 I now make through you to Mr Hall he not made public, nor find their 
 way into the newspapers^ as it is a part of the plan here in England to 
 keep the contemplated Expedition a secret until fully determined on and 
 organized, in order to avoid all obstruction, discussions and difficulty 
 making. 
 
 I am most anxious to see Mr. Hall at this moment ; how many diffi- 
 culties could be (jleared, how much increased confidence Inspired, if one 
 could but see and talk to him! — but how is this to be effected, for I sup- 
 pose he is too busy with his book to come to England till the publisher's 
 work is done ; — otherwise I would gladly pay all his expenses to and 
 from and during his stay here. 
 
 I am sorry to hear rumors of his having got into some trouble about 
 the man whom he sacrificed. I presume he deemed it necessary, how- 
 ever, for the safety of himself and others. It is an awful thing to take 
 a man's life, but it has been found justifiable upon occasions when the 
 lives of others were endangered. Witness that act of Sir John Richard- 
 son's, which is always quoted to his honor, when, without a moment's 
 warning, he shot down the half-breed hunter, who was advancing quickly 
 in his strength toward himself and Hepburn, both enfeebled by starva- 
 tion, in order to sacrifice and feed upon them. 
 
 Sir Leopold McClintock is home preparing a third edition, (which 
 has been called for by his publishers) of the Fox Voyage. He thinks 
 
 I 
 
 
 ' i 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 XXI 
 
 liiinscli' moat fortunate in iinticipatin<j; the discovery by the Esciniiiiaiix 
 of the traces, as he succeeded in doiu}; in seven distinct localities in Kin}*' 
 William Land. — McClintock thinks the leadinfj article in the Tribune 
 gives a fair estimate of what he has done ; in general, Hall's researches 
 quite contirni those made by himself. 1 have come to the end of my 
 second sheet, and dare not take a third. 
 
 Your faithful & affectionate friend 
 
 JANE FUANKLIN 
 
 [(.'oiijldential, with the exception ihal Lady Frmikliu I'liii l>e int'oniitMl of the HiibHtance of the 
 
 letter.— (\ F. H.] 
 
 Cincinnati, Dec W" 1801). 
 
 Mr. GlilNNELL 
 
 Deau Sir : 
 
 Time and again have I taken in hand the subject matter of Lady Franklin's 
 Letter, for the object of giving full answer to it; but in vain. I can say in truth 
 that ever since my an-ival in the country from my return from my late five years 
 voyage and travels in the Arctic Eegious, 1 have not had two hours to myself in 
 which I could sit down and not be interrupted many times. I despair, at present, 
 of getting the time to answer (as I would like) tlie letter referred to; for I am 
 buiiily flying here and there on Lecture tou.\s. Lecturing is a curse to my soul, 
 for I am far from being that way inclined, and yet I have had to pursue it and 
 am still head and ears engaged in it. Just as soon as I can get out of the uncon- 
 genial business, I shall do so ; and then 1 do hope I can get at least sufiBcient 
 time to apologize to you and other friends for the apparent long neglect. 
 
 Tliis much I must say, that, for years, I have determined to undertake an Ex- 
 pedition to the North Pole so soon as I should become satisfied that there coidd 
 be no survivor of Sir John Franklin's Expedition. I expect soon to apply to Con- 
 gress for aid in my purposed North Pole Expedition. In case of not securing the 
 necessary aid from Congress or otherwise for that Expedition (to commence next 
 spring,) I should then feel to do whatever I could to favor personally the noble 
 aspirations of Lady Franklin: parenthetically let it be said, that no one, should 
 ask of me to accept a subordinate position in an Arctic Expedition. If McClin- 
 tock and myself be Lady Franklin's chosen ones, we could be Co-Commanders and 
 nothing less. 
 
xxu 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 Ah lor pay I Hlionld nsk iiotliiiig. My iiiitlii'iil Trunk Liiilor, I know, wonld 
 
 bo filiul to iicf'oiniuiny us. JIc will no vhorcvor I (Icsiic, and corliiinly I will feel 
 
 glad to have liiiu with nic wliciu-vor J may go to Ww, A.ctic, L'cgionH. .loo and 
 
 Ilannali, my Esquimaux Inteiprt'ti'is, 1 tlu'ak, would accomimny us also. TLey 
 
 80ud love to you & family. 
 
 Yourt- over 
 
 C. F. HALL. 
 
 P. S. Whether I go or uot on the proposed English Exi)edition to King W'"'h 
 I;and, I feel to do all I can in faeilitating its purposes; and will, therefore, communi- 
 cate such important nujtter as I have acquired in the North, so soon as 1 can be 
 rc^lieved from the ])rcssure upon my time. 
 
 Tho promise involved in the last of the pveceding- lines was ful- 
 filled at as early a date as was found practicable. On the 10th of 
 Janiuuy, 1871, he forw.arded to Lady Franklin two MSS., titled "Sir 
 John Franklin, with notes of my voyage of 1864 to 'G9." The extracts 
 which follow from letters accompanying- this packet, will confirm what 
 has been said as to his desire to go out even a third time for the 
 Records: 
 
 • * * My special respects to Miss Cracroft. I trust I shall be able to send 
 you other matter relating to my King William's Land Sledge Journey, and such 
 information as will bo of use to any one who may make a Journey to King W. 
 Laud. • * * Why is it that I am not still following \\p that subject? Is it 
 tinished ? Can more be done in gaining intelligence of that most important of all 
 Arctic Expeditions"? To the first question the answer cannot be satisfactory, for 
 I hardly know, myself, why I was led ofl' from that almost holy mission to which I 
 have devoted about twelve years of my life, and well on to eight of these in tho 
 icy regions of the I^orth. What burned within my soul like a living fire all tho 
 time, was the full faith that I should find some survivors of Sir John's memorable 
 Expedition living among tho natives, and that I would bo the instrument in the 
 hand of heaven, of their salvation. But when I heard tho sad talo from living wit- 
 nessef a the spring of 18G9, how wickedly many survivors in the fall of 1848 had 
 been abandoned and sutfered to die, my faith, till thou so strong, was shaken, and 
 ultimately was extinguished. As to the Eecords, I believed they had been care- 
 fully buried on King William's Land beftn'o tho Erebus and Terror wore aban- 
 doned; and, that if no survivor was found, at least those Eecords might bo recov- 
 ered. 
 
 * * * God willing, I will make two more voyages to tho North, — one for 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 XXI II 
 
 tlio discovery of the roi^ioiis to ami iiboiit tlic Poh?, uimI the other to obtain the 
 reconh of Sir JohiCn Expedition, and to obtain other iiiforiiiatioii than whut I 
 already possess relating to it. Had I failed in (?ettin^r niy Conntry interested in 
 Itttinj; out an Expedition for making I'olar discoveries, as 1 told yon / would have 
 most certainly {!). V.) been ready for the King Wvi's Land Voyage, As the matter 
 now stands, I have nuich reason to hope that the North Polar Ex|)edition I havo 
 the honor to command, will accomplish its object and be back to the States in 30 
 months from the time of leaviui; say from Ist of .lune next.* 
 
 "TIio Hcarcli for tho Rcconls lias not been wholly abandoned ov<!n at thiH lato dati>. Tim 
 cruises of tho Pandora (now tho Jcanottc, of tho I'olar Kxpcditiou of 1879, under eonuuaud of 
 liieutonant Do Long, IT. 8. N.) niado by Capt. Alton Young in 1875 and 187C had this search for 
 one of their objects. 
 
 Jnno 19, 1878, au oxpodition under Lieutenant Scliwatka, U. 8. A., was scut out from Now 
 York by Mc.rison & Brown for tho same object. This expedition proposed to remain on the (leld 
 of searuh later in the summer following than Hall fotuid himself able to do in 1809. Taking with 
 thorn Eskimo Joo as guide and interpreter, and a foreo of armed white men, tliey may i)ossibly 
 Bccuro something of value of those Kecords, tho recovery of which has been so long desired l)y 
 England and by tho world. Captain Barry, who took out Lieutenant Sehwatica in the ICothen, 
 had received on a previous voyage information from the Neitchille natives which prouiptcd tho 
 present oxpodition. Ho had brought homo with him also a Kranklin relic, tho history of which is 
 marked under the annexed drawing. Messrs. Morison & Brown presented it to Miss Cracroft, 
 through the U. 8. Naval Observivtory. 
 
 8POON BELONGING TO SIU JOHN FIIANKLIN BROUGHT FROM REPULSE BAY BY CAPT. BARRY, OP 
 THE WHALER A. HOUGHTON, IN 1877, FORWARDED TO M188 SOPHIA CRACROFT, LONDON. 
 THE MENDING DONE BY THE ESQUIMAUX. 
 
XXIV 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 Full evidence is thus found in Hall's papers, especially in that 
 private correspondence which best discloses impulses and purposes, 
 that his "Rescue and Research" was the impulse not of a humane 
 feeling only, but of such feeling exercised towards those whom he con- 
 sidered heroes in their objects as well as in their sufferings. It grew 
 out of his thoughts of men who had been fighting nature for objects 
 which had enlisted very noble minds; — enticing fiom his home a 
 Franklin for the fourth time, and even in his sixtieth year. Hall's own 
 desire for participation in the work of searcl.' was quickened by the 
 fact that every Relief Expedition except McClintock's had erred in its 
 line of search, until *' the pursuit was now ended," as John Barrow 
 and others wrote him, " where it should have been begun." It does 
 not seem so strange, then, that he should at times have spoken of him- 
 self as " called " to do something in the work of relief on which no one 
 else was entering. 
 
 To go back to his first appeal, issued for him to the citizens of 
 Cincinnati in 1860, is to cite what in one form or another disclosed his 
 feelings throughout the whole remainder of his life. 
 
 The appeal read as follows : 
 
 This is to memorialize all lovers of Man and of Geogra- 
 raphy, History, and ScieTice to co-operate by all methods and 
 means in their power, to facilitate and assist our fellow country- 
 man, Charles Francis Hall of Cincinnati, Ohio, in the formation 
 of, and fitting out an American Expedition, in search of survivors 
 of Sir John Franklin's Exploring party, consisting of 138 per- 
 sons, only 27 of Avhom are known to be dead. Secondly, for 
 satisfactorily settling and completing the history of the last 
 Franklin Expedition ; and thirdly, to promote and benefit the cause of Geogra- 
 phy, Navigation, Natural History and Science. 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 XXV 
 
 Such an Expedition with proper vessels, w itli competent and experienced 
 Commander, Oflicers and Crew, with a comi)lete outfit and provision for from two 
 to three years craise, to embark from an Eastern port of the United States of 
 America, and proceed via. Davis Straits, Bafliu's Bay, Lancaster Sound, and Bar- 
 rows Strait; thence from the North coast of Boothia to commence the Search, ex- 
 tending it to King William's Land, and the adjacent regions, until a thorough antl 
 satisfactory investigation shall have been made of all that portion of the Arctic 
 World ; and the humanitarian object attained of discovering some survivor of the 
 lost companions of Sir John Franklin, or of ascertaining the ultimate fate of the 
 Members of that Exjjedition, who, up to this day remain unaccounted for; being 
 no less than one hundred and eleven souls, whose historj', the loud voice of 
 mankind, from all generous natures, demands shall not remain forever shrouded 
 in oblivion, while energetic intelligence and American enterprise can hope to 
 rescue a single survivor, or furnish the solution of their ultiuiiite history. 
 
 This appeal was indorsed by a number of the public men of Ohio, 
 among whom were Hon. R. B. Hayes, the present Executive of the 
 United States ; the Governor of the State, Hon. William Dennison ; 
 Hon. S. P. Chase; and the Mayor of Cincinnati, noAv Gov. R. M. 
 Bishop. At the meeting which it secured, Hall exhibited maps and 
 charts of the Arctic discoveries made by Sir John Franklin, Dr. Kane, 
 De Haven, and McClintock ; with those of Ross, Pany, Back, Dease 
 and Simpson, Richardson, Rae, McClure, Kellet, Collinson, Belcher, 
 and others — nar^es which cany us back to the revival, under Sir John 
 Ban-ow, of English exploration for the Northwest Passage to Asia. 
 The study of such explorations from even a much earlier date had made 
 Hall intelligent in this field ; it now maintained his enthusiasm. 
 
 As introductory, therefore, to the history of his purposes, and of 
 his work in this Second Expedition, some Tabular Statements and 
 historical Maps have been prepared, in order to present, in con- 
 nection with the now renewed public interest in Arctic Exploration, 
 
xxvi 
 
 ■ii 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 The Record in brief;— 
 
 I. Of English and American* explorations for the Northwest 
 Passage from the year 1818 to 1845, when Sir John Franklin's Expedi- 
 tion left England. 
 
 II. Of the Franklin Relief Expeditions, English and American, 
 from 1848 to 1860, the year of Hall's First Expedition. 
 
 TABLE No. I. 
 1- ^'aml expeditio ns for discovering the Northwest Passage, 1818 to 1845. 
 
 CommaDders. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Positions reached north and west. 
 
 I. Capt. D. Buchan 
 
 Lieut. John Franklin 
 
 IL Conimandor John Ross. 
 Lieut. W. y.. Parry 
 
 Year. 
 
 Dorothea . . 
 Trent 
 
 III. Lieut. W. E. Parry 
 Lieut. M. Liddon . . . 
 
 IV. Capt. W. E. Parry. 
 Capt. G. F. Lyon . . 
 
 Isabella . . . 
 Alexander. 
 
 Hecla 
 
 Griper .. 
 
 >Long. now.; 
 
 lat. 80° 37' N. 
 
 Lancaster Sound; long. 84 W 
 lat. 76° 54' N. 
 
 •1 
 
 V. Capt. W. E. Parry 
 
 Commander H. P. Hoppner. . 
 
 VL Capt. G. F.Lyon 
 
 VIL Capt. F. W. Beechy 
 
 Fury . 
 Hecla , 
 
 Hecla . 
 Fury . . 
 
 1 
 
 VIII. Capt. John Ross 
 
 Lieut. James C. Ross. 
 
 IX. Capt. George Back. 
 
 Griper 
 
 Blossom . . . 
 
 Victory . . . 
 Terror. .. 
 
 West coast of Melville Island;') 
 long. 113° 48' 22" 'W.; lat. i 
 
 74° 47' 19" N. J 
 
 f Whyte Inlet, Fury and Hecla -) 
 < Strait; long. 84° 52' W.; lat. \ 
 
 I 70° 12' N. J 
 
 Prince Regent's Inlet 
 18' W. ; lat. 74° 28 
 
 Rowe's Welcome 
 44" W. ; lat. 65° 
 
 >t; long. 92' > 
 V 13" N. C 
 
 ; long. 89° 1' > 
 
 ° 20' N. C 
 
 ^ Bering's Straits to Point Bar- 
 \ row,126mile8ea8tofIcyCap& 
 
 West coast of Prince Regent's" 
 Inlet and of Boothia and north 
 coast of King Willi.im's Land ; 
 long. 99° W.; lat. 70° 5' 
 
 17" N. 
 
 1818 
 
 1818-'19 
 
 1819-'30 
 
 183l-'23 
 
 1824-'25 
 
 1824 
 
 Frozen Strait; long. 83° 40 
 lat. 65° 47' N. 
 
 »'W.;> 
 
 1825-'28 
 
 1829-'a3 
 
 1836-'37 
 
 - ^^t:.^^^^^^^''^'^^^'-^^^^^^^'^^'^^ 
 
 ];^i/i^\j^:r- 
 
....... — ,,- — ^.y. 
 
 LT.-.J.J _....l-' 
 
i . 1. . ' "I I . I . . 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 (2.) EXPLORATIONS BY LAND. 
 
 XX vu 
 
 l^ 
 
 o 
 to 
 
 O 
 
 n 
 
 
 '/I 
 
 ! 
 
 1819-1822.— Capt. John Franklin, with Dr. J. Eichardson, Lieutenants Back ai<d 
 Hood; hand journey from York Factory, west side of lliiilson's Bay, to tlic 
 Coppermine Elver, and from its moutli east to Point Turnagaiu, lat. «8° 19' 
 N., long. 109° 25', a distance of 550 miles. Whole journey 5,500 miles (see 
 for this route Circumpolar Pocket Map). 
 
 1825-1827. — Sir J. Franklin explored the coast from the mouth of Mackenzie's 
 Eiver westward to Eeturn Eeef, long. 148° 52', lat. 70° 26' N. ; Dr. Eich- 
 ardson, of the same expedition, coasting from the moutti of the Mackenzie 
 east to the mouth of the Coppermine. (Pocket Map.) 
 
 1833. — Capt. George Back, in search of Sir John Boss, discovered the Great Fish 
 Eiver, descended it, and explored the coast eastwardly as far as long. 94° 
 58' W., lat. 08° 13' N. 
 
 1837-1839. — Messrs. Dease and Simpson, in the service of the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany, explored the coast from Mackenzie River westward to Point Barrow, 
 and eastward trora the Coppermine to Castor and Pollux Eiver, long. 93° 7' 
 W. This exploration supplemented Beechey's, Franklin's, and Eichardson's 
 coastings, and thus completed the examination of the coast lino from 
 Berinj^'s Strait to long. 93° 7' W. 
 
 What remained, therefore, in the problem of the Northwest Pas- 
 sage was to connect Parry's furthest Westing of 113° 48' 22", made 
 in 181 n, either with Bering's Strait or southward with Simpson's 
 Strait. To seelc the passage westward to Bering's Strait from Mel- 
 ville Island seemed to the Admiralty at that day a loss of time in con- 
 sequence of the unusual magnitude and apparently fixed state of the 
 ice which had been observed by Parry off Cape Dundas. 
 
 But of the western entrance to Simpson's Strait, Sir John Franklin 
 was accustomed to say, "If I could only get down there my work is 
 done ; it is all plain sailing to the westward." In this buoyant hope 
 he loft England May ID, 1845, commanding the last expedition which 
 
xxviii 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 has bad the discovery of the Northwest Passage as its direct object 
 His latest dispatch was dated, "Whale Fish Islands, west Coast of 
 Greenland, July 12, 1845." His ships were last seen July 26, of 
 that year, by the whaler Prince of Wales — moored to an iceberg, lat. 
 74° 48' N., long. 66° 13' W. 
 
 THE EXPEDITION. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Positions reached North and West. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Civpt. Sir J. Franklin, Com- 
 mander .T. FitijjamcB, Lioiit. 
 
 Erebns, 370 
 ton8,scro«'. 
 
 I. Up Wellington Channel, 150 miles, " 
 
 to lat. 77" N., long. 99° W. 
 11. Wintered at Beochey Island, lat. 
 740 43' 28" N., long. 91o 39' W. 
 
 1845 
 
 G. Goro. 
 Capt. F. K. M. Crozier, Lieut. 
 E. Little, 
 
 Terror, 340 
 tons, screw. 
 
 III. Thenco west, and probably through 
 Peel Sound, to lat. 70° 05' N. , long. 
 98° 23' W., where the ships were 
 
 to 
 
 1848 
 
 
 
 abandoned April 22, 1848 ; one of 
 them drifting south. 
 
 
 No tidings having been received from Franklin at the close of 
 nearly three years, Relief expeditions began to be sent out from 
 England. The chief of these are stated in the following tables. The 
 lines of search and the chief localities examined in the hope of find- 
 ing the lost expedition may be traced on Circumpolar Map No. I. 
 (Pocket.) The tables have been arranged to show that the search for 
 Franklin was carried on by expeditions which, within about the same 
 periods, visited the Northern coasts, some from Bering Straits and 
 others from Baffin's Bay; — supplemented by land explorations chiefly 
 along the middle section of the Continent. The Private Expeditions 
 closed the search (Table 4) by McClintock's voyage of the Fox. 
 
 I 
 
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li 
 
 t 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 TABLE No. II. 
 
 Englkh and AmMoan Expeditiont for the Beli^ of Sir John Franklin, 1848-1859. 
 
 1. FROM THE WEST THROUGH BERING'S STRAITS. 
 
 Years. 
 
 Vessels. 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 Line of search and coasts 
 examined. 
 
 1848-'52 
 
 Plover 
 
 ( Commander Afoore 
 
 Caotain Maatuire 
 
 Through Bering's Strait, be- 
 yond Point Barrow, to lat. 
 73" 51' N., long. 163° 48' W., 
 with a boat expedition from 
 the Plover up the Mackenzie 
 River and east to Cape Ba- 
 thurst; Mr. R. Sheddon, in 
 his yacht " Nancy Dawson," 
 rendering assistance. 
 
 
 
 ie48-'49 
 
 Herald 
 
 Captain Kellett .. 
 
 ' Discovered Herald Island, and 
 visited and named a part of 
 the land reported by Wran- 
 
 l gell. 
 
 
 1850-'55 
 
 1851-'58 
 
 1853 
 
 1853 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 { Enterprise 
 
 1 Investigator 
 
 Supply-ships : 
 Dcedalus 
 
 Captain Collinson 
 
 Coast of North America from 
 Bering's Strait to Dease 
 Strait and coast of Banks 
 Land. Investigator aban- 
 doned Juno 3, 1853, in the 
 bay of Mercy on the north 
 coast of Banks Land. Com- 
 mander McCluro crossed on 
 the ice to Dealy Island to the 
 Resolute and Intrepid, and 
 returned across the Atlan- 
 tic to England. Parliament 
 gave £10,000 to him and his 
 
 . officers. 
 
 Commander McClure 
 
 Cantain Welleslev .. .. . . 
 
 Amphitrite 
 
 Rattlesnake 
 
 Diligence 
 
 Trincomalee 
 
 Captain Frederick 
 
 Commander TroUope 
 
 Lieutenant Elliott ............. 
 
 Captain Houston 
 
 
XXX 
 
 Vrclimmury ('hnptor. 
 
 3. FROM TIIK KABT THROUOH UAl'FIN'8 HAY. 
 
 1 
 
 Years. 
 
 Vpiwnld. 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 Lino of searrli and coast* 
 examined. 
 
 
 North and west coasts of North 
 
 184H-'49 
 
 \ Kntcrprist! 
 
 J Tnvestlgiitor 
 
 8ir.I. C. Ross 
 
 C!«ptiiiM Hird 
 
 Somerset. North shores of 
 1 Barrow St rait and the shores 
 
 
 
 
 of Prince Regent's Inlet. 
 
 1849-'50 
 
 S North Star 
 
 ( (Supply shii).) 
 
 Master Saunders 
 
 ) Landed provisions on one of 
 ^ theWoUaston Islands. 
 
 
 
 
 
 r Coasts of Cornwallis Island 
 I and shores of Wellington 
 L Channel. 
 
 1850-'51 , 
 
 i SoDliin . 
 
 Cantuin Stewart ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' Resoluto 
 
 Captain Aimtiii 
 
 f South coasts of the Parry Isl- 
 ands and the passages be- 
 
 1 
 18.')0-'51 
 
 Assistance 
 
 Cmituin OiiiiiwiiKiv 
 
 tween thorn, northwest and 
 
 
 
 Pioneer 
 
 Lieutenant Oslxu'u 
 
 east coasts of Prince of Wales 
 
 
 , Intrepid 
 
 Lieutenant Cal or 
 
 Island to long. 103° W., lat. 
 
 . 72° N. 
 
 
 
 IftfiO-'Sl 
 
 \ Advance 
 
 Lieutenant De Haven, U. S. X . . . 
 
 First Grinnell Expedition ; 
 shores of Wellington Chan- 
 
 
 J Rescue 
 
 Master Grifflu, II. 8. N 
 
 nel ; discovered Grinnell 
 Land. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' Shores of Wellington Channel 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 and the coasts of Melville 
 
 
 
 
 and Frinco Patrick Islands; 
 
 
 
 
 the Assistance, Resolute, 
 
 
 
 
 Pioneer, and Intrepid aban- 
 
 
 
 
 doned Augnst 2(i, 1854 ; the 
 
 
 
 
 Resolute picked up at sea, 
 
 
 Assistance 
 
 Sir K. Belcher 
 
 lat. 04° 40', long. 01° r.O', Sep- 
 
 
 
 Captain Kellett 
 
 tember 11, 1855, by Capt. 
 James Buddington, of Now 
 London, Conn.; brought to 
 
 185a-'54 
 
 < Pioneer 
 
 Lieutenant Osboru 
 
 Lieutenant McClintock .. 
 
 Intrepid 
 
 
 North Star 
 
 Captain PuUen 
 
 the United States, and pre- 
 
 
 
 
 sented to England by joint 
 resolution of United States 
 Congress of August 28, 1850 ; 
 delivered to Queen Victoria 
 by Commander Hartstene, 
 U. S. N. , December IC of same 
 
 
 
 
 I year. 
 
Preliminary dhaptcr. 
 
 xxxi 
 
 Years. 
 
 VoHSCls. 
 
 ComniondJTH. 
 
 Line of Hcareli and coastn 
 examined. 
 
 
 
 
 ShoreHof Wellington CImnnel ; 
 Ir.nded HlorcH atCapeHiley ; 
 Returned with part of Me- 
 
 185:i 
 
 { Phwiiix 
 
 ConimaiKler Ingloflehl 
 
 Clure^H command i Lieuten- 
 
 i Brt'mlnlbniiP.... 
 
 Lieutenant Fawcltner 
 
 ant Bollot, of Tranco, per- 
 ished in the ico Angtist 17, 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 185:<; the ship lost at Cape 
 
 
 
 
 [ Riley August 21, 1853. 
 
 1853-'55 
 
 Advance 
 
 Dr. Kane,U. 8. N 
 
 ) Second Grinnell Expedition, 
 [ Smith's Sound. Lnt.88027'N. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Returned to England from 
 
 1854 
 
 ^ Phffinix 
 
 Commander InKlellcld 
 
 Docchey Island with part of 
 
 ^Tftlbot 
 
 Commander JenkiuH 
 
 Belcher's and McClure's com- 
 mands. 
 
 
 1855 
 
 1 Release 
 
 Lieutenant Hartstene, U. 8. N.. 
 Lieutenant Simran, U. 8. N 
 
 Ships sent out lor the relief of 
 Dr. Kane; found iiiiu on his 
 return at Lievely or God- 
 
 f Arctic 
 
 
 
 
 
 havn, Greenland. 
 
 (3) LAND EXPEDITIONS. 
 
 1848-M9. — Sir John Richardson and Dr. Rae searched the coasts of North America between the 
 
 Mackenzie and the Coppermine Ri vers. 
 (Dr. Rao, under the Hudson Bay Company in 1846-'47, made a voyage of discovery from Fort 
 
 Churchill to the Gulf of Bootiiia, surveying the Gulf to Fury and Hecla S ;rait on the east 
 
 and Lord Mayor's Bay of Sir James Ross on the west, determining there ai isthmus.) 
 1849. — Dr. Rao reached Capo Kruseustern. 
 
 1849-'51.— Lieut. W. J. 8. Pullcu, from the Plover. (See table No. II for Boat E cpedition.) 
 1851. — Dr. Rae: coasts of Wollastou Island and east coast of Victoria Lnn.i to lat. 70° N., long. 
 
 101° W. 
 1853-'o4. — Dr. Rae: roasts of Boothia Isthmus; obtained relics of Franklin's Expedition ("rewarded 
 
 by vote of Parliament). 
 1855. — J. Anderson and J. G. Stewart: west coast of Adelaide Peninsula. 
 
xxxu 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 (J.) PRIVATE EXPEDITIONS ORGANTZED UNDER SUBSCRIPTIONS BY SOCIETIES, BY LADY FRANK- 
 LIN, CAPTAIN ROSS, LIEUTENANTS McCLINTOCK, YOUNG, ^ND OTHERS. 
 
 Years. 
 
 1850-'5l 
 
 1850 
 
 1851-'52 
 
 Commanders. 
 
 1852 Isabel 
 
 1857-'59 
 
 Fox, 
 
 Captain McCIintock 
 
 Lino of search and cooste 
 examined. 
 
 ' A portion of Cornwallis Island. 
 [Dr. R. A. Goodsir, brother of 
 the surgeon of the Erebus, 
 in the whaler Advice, in 1849, 
 also searched Baffin's Bay 
 and Lancaster Sound.] 
 
 Found Barrow Strait and 
 Prince Regent's Inlet blocked 
 with ice ; coasts of Prince of 
 Wales Island and North 
 Somerset. 
 
 Shores of Prince Regent's Inlet 
 and Bellot Straits. Lieuten- 
 ant Bollot, of France, waa 
 second in command. 
 
 Wosteuholme, Whale, Smith's, 
 Jones, and Lancaster 
 Sounds, and Baffin's Bay. 
 [Captain Kennedy, in 1853, 
 sailed in the Isabel for Be- 
 rings Straits ; voyage aban- 
 doned at Valparaiso, ] 
 
 Completed survey of North 
 Somerset, Prince of Wales 
 Island, Boothia-Felix Pen- 
 insula, aud King William's 
 
 < Land, finding many relics of 
 Franklin's Expedition, and 
 obtaining at Point Victory 
 the only Record as yet recov- 
 
 , ered. 
 
 This last expedition, under McCIintock, brought from the cairn at 
 Point Victory, on King William's Land, a tin cylinder containing the 
 
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 Preliminary Chapter. xxxiii 
 
 Record, of which a fac simile is here given. It is the only official paper 
 as yet found recording the fate of the Franklin Expedition * 
 
 CHIEF BENEFICIAL BESULTS. 
 
 The explorations for the discovery of the Northwest Passage, and those sent 
 out for the relief of Sir John Franklin or other absent explorers, resulted in the 
 discovery of that great region lying within the Arctic Circle between 00° and 130° 
 west longitutle up to Cape Parry, 71° 23' west longitude and 77° 0' nortli latitude ; 
 or from Davis Strait to Cape Bathurst; embracing Banks, Prince Albert, and 
 Prince Patrick's Lands, Melville Island and Sound, McClintock's Channel, Ba- 
 thurst Island, Victoria, Prince of Wales and King William's Land, Boothia and 
 Culf of Boothia, North Somerset, North Devon, Melville Peninsula, Cockburn 
 Island, Grinnell, EUesmere, and Washington Lands, Lancaster, Eclipse, and Jones 
 
 * In 1859 McCliintock learned that the ships luado the passage to the waters loading into 
 Simpson's Strait. Franklin's expedition, therefore, discovered what he songht. lie had died on 
 board the Erebus June 11, 1847. 
 
 The Royal Geographical Society, in awarding in 1860 the Founder's gold medal to Lady 
 Franklin, affirmed that in placing the Erebus and the Terror in the position of lat. 70° 05', long OS"-" 
 23', "the Franklin Expedition had firmly established the existence of a Nortliwest Passage." 
 Lieutenant Gore's party, sent out by Franklin from his ship May 24, 1847, had, in fact, in all proba- 
 bility, r<(i)ortod to liim before his death that the waters of the North and the South were united 
 by a passage between his ships and Dease and Simpson's Strait. The discovery was unknown 
 until the return of the Fox, six years after the award to Sir R. McClure and his officers, as tho 
 first to cross from the Pacific to the Atlantic. 
 
 A Monument costing £2,000, erected in 1860 in Waterloo Place, bears the inscriptiou : 
 
 FRANKLIN. 
 
 TO THE GREAT NAVIGATOR 
 
 AND HIS BRAVE COMPANIONS 
 
 WHO SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES 
 
 COMPLETING THE DISCOVERY OF 
 
 THE NORTH-WEST I'ASSAGE. 
 
 A. D. 1847-48. 
 
 ERECTED BY THE UNANIMOUS VOTE 
 
 OF PARLIAMENT. 
 
 This statue, voted by the nation, was unveiled in tho presence of tho First Lord of the 
 
 Admiralty, Sir J. Pakington, and of the distinguished Arctic explorers and geographers, Colliu- 
 
 sin, Ommaney, S.abiue, Murchison, Osborn, and Rawlinsou, Mr, John Barrow, Mr. Arrowsmith, 
 
 and of others, with Lady Franklin. She declared tho likeness of her husband excellent and 
 
 S. Ex. 27 in 
 
xxxiv Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 Sounds, Wellington Channel, Kellett, Barrow Straits, Franklin Straits, Peel, Sir 
 James Eoss, and the Fury and Hecia Straits, Regent's Inlet, and the discovery in 
 1833, by Sir James Ross, of the north magnetic pole. (Judge Daly, pres. of Am. 
 Geog. Soc, in Johnston's Cyclopedia, 187G.) See Circumpolar Pocket Map and 
 
 Map No. II. 
 
 In a very courteous letter received since the preparation of this 
 Narrative was begiin. Admiral Sir F. L McClintock, R. N,, estimates 
 the aggregate amount of moneys expended by England in these North- 
 west Passage explorations at £272,000, and of those expended in the re- 
 lief expeditions, at £ i 75, 000; with the additions made by private parties 
 of £35,000. Of this last sum a large proportion was from Lady Frank- 
 lin's purse. 
 
 The aggregate of moneys expended by American exploring and 
 relief expeditions, chiefly from private subscriptions, exceeds the sum 
 of $25.0,000. The amount appropriated by the United States Con- 
 gress for Dr. Kane's Expedition was $150,000. 
 
 Admiral McClintock further writes that the number of miles 
 
 traversed by sledge expeditions only, over ice or land, is about 43,000. 
 
 In answer to the request that he would express his views in regard 
 
 characteristic. He is represented as informing bis officers and crew that the Northwest Passage 
 has been discovered. A panel represents Crozier reading the funeral service over Franklin in 1847. 
 
 In 1875 a beautiful Mouunient, ordered by Lady Franklin, was inspected before her 
 death, and placed in the same year in Westminster Abbey. It is of CaiTara marble, having in 
 has relief an ice-bound ship, and the inscription : 
 
 "O ye frost, and cold ! O ye ice and snow, 
 Bless ye the Lord ! 
 
 Followed by Tennyson's linos: 
 
 Kot here : the white North has thy bones, nnd then 
 
 Heroic Sailor Soul ! 
 Art passing on thy happier voyage now 
 
 Toward no Earthly Pole. 
 
 Erected by his widow, who, after long waiting, and sending many in search of him, herself de- 
 parted to find him in the realms of life." 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 XXXV 
 
 to the gain to commerce, to science, or to navul impulse by England's 
 work for the Northwest Passage and the Relief expeditions, he says :• 
 
 This doubtless Las been very great ; to whaling commerce it has opened up 
 all to the north and west of Davis Strait and Uudson Strait ; also to the north 
 of Behi-ing's Strait. The value of these fisheries alone amounts to ver;^' many 
 millions steiiiug into the pockets of English and American traders. The scien- 
 tific results are very varied and ample in almost every department, and peculiarly 
 so in magnetism, meteorology, the tides, geographical discoveries, geology, botany, 
 and zoology, as shown by the general advance in each branch. Upon naval im- 
 pulse the influence has been truly great ; we could man an exi)edition with En- 
 glish naval officers ; and abroad we have seen Germans, Austrians, Swedes, Nor- 
 wegians, and this year Dutchmen, induced to take part in the work of Arctic 
 ex])loration. 
 
 The problem of the Northwest Passage is no longer one of prac- 
 tical utility. Science has ceased to expect from its discovery the ad- 
 vantages for commerce and navigation the hope of which stimulated 
 the explorers The nbrtheast passage around Asia, successfully prose- 
 cuted in the years 1878-79, by Pi'ofessor Nordenskiold, promises large 
 rewards in the interests of science and of commerce. The cereals, the 
 graphite, ivory, and other products of the Asiatic Arctic seaboard are 
 already coming into the European markets. Lieutenant Payer, of the 
 German North Polar Expedition of 1869, has justly said of the whole 
 Polar question that "as a problem of science it aims at determining 
 limits of land and water, at perfecting that network of lines with which 
 comparative science seeks to surround our planet even to the Pole, the 
 discovery of the physical laws which regulate climates, the currents of 
 the atmosphere and the sea, and the analogies of geology with the earth 
 as we see it." 
 
» 
 
 xxxvi Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 The langiingo of Sir John BaiTow, Secretary of the Admiralty, 
 whose labors wore the means of reviving the explorations towards tho 
 north and west, is worth recalling : 
 
 But it may be asked, cui bono arc these northern voyages nndertaken ? If 
 thoy were merely to bo proseeuted for tho sake of making a passage from En- 
 gland to China, and for no other purpose, their utility might fairly be questioned. 
 But when the aequisition of knowledge is the groundwork of all the instructions 
 under which they are sent forth ; when the commanding officer is directed to 
 cause constant observations to be nuide for the advancement of every branch of 
 science — astronomj', navigation, hydrography, meteorology, including electricity 
 and magnetism, and to make collections of subjects of natural history — in short, 
 to lose no opportunity of acquiring new and important information and discovery ; 
 and when it is considered that these vc^ iges give employment to officers and men 
 in time of peace, and produce officers and men not to be surpassed, perhaps not 
 equaled, in any other branch of the service ; the question cui bono is readily an- 
 swered in the words of Queen Elizabeth's minister, " Knowledge is power." 
 
 At a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, in 1865, Capt. 
 Sherard Osborn said : 
 
 In the year 1818 Baflin's discoveries upon the one hand, and those of Be- 
 ring upon the other, with dots for the mouths of the Mackenzie and Ilearne Rivers, 
 were all we knew of the strange labyrinth of lands and waters now accurately 
 delineated upon our charts of tlie Arctic zone. Sailors and travelers, in thirty- 
 six years, have accontplished all this ; not always, be it remembered, in well-stored 
 ships, sailing rapidly from point to point, but for the most part by i)atiently toil- 
 ing on foot, or coasting in open boats round every bay and fiord. Sir Leoi)old 
 McClintock tells the lioyal Dublin Society that he estimates the foot explorations 
 accomplished in the search for Franklin alone at about forty thousand miles. Yet 
 during those thirty-six years of glorious enterprise by ship, by boat, and by sledge, 
 England only fairly lost one expedition and 128 souls out of forty-two successive 
 expeditions, and has never lost a sledge party out of about one hundred that 
 have toiled within the Arctic Circle. Show mo upon the globe's surface an equal 
 amount of geographical discovery, or in history as arduous an achievement, with 
 a smaller amount of human sacrifice, and then I will concede that Arctic explora- 
 nitiou has entailed more than its due proportion of suffering. 
 
\ 
 
 PrcViminanj Chapter. 
 
 XXX Vll 
 
 Thosii who assort that our hibors and rosoarchos havo merely added so many 
 mih's of unprolltabU* eoast-lino to our (^liarts had better compare our kno\vh'd;jo 
 of Arctie phenomena to-diiy with the theories enunciated by men of h«arnin^ and 
 rei)ut(^ a century affo. They shouhl confront our knowhulge of 1801 with that 
 of 1800 upon the natural history, meteorology, climate, and winds of the Arctic 
 Regions. They must remend)(^r that it was there wc obtained the clue, still un- 
 raveled, of the laws of those mysterious currents which flow through the wastes 
 of the ocean like two mighty rivers— the Gulf Stream and the Ice Stream ; nuist 
 remember that it was there — in Boothia — that the two Rosses first reached the 
 Magnetic Pole, that mysterious point round which revolves the mariner's c()m])ass 
 over one-half of the Northern hemisphere; and let the worhl say whether the nmss 
 of observations collected by our explorers on all sides of that ^lagnetic Polo havo 
 added nothing to the knowledge of the laws of magnetic declination and dip. They 
 should remember how a few years ago it was gravely debated whether nmn could 
 exist through the rigors and darkness of a Polar winter, ami how wo havo only re- 
 cently discovered that Providence has peopled that region to the extreme latitude 
 yet reached, and that the animals upon which they subsist arc there likewise, in 
 winter as well as in summer. All this, and much more, should bo borne in mind by 
 those cynics who would have you believe wo havo toiled in vain ; and I hold, with 
 the late Admiral Beechey, " that every voyage to the North has tended to remove 
 that veil of obscurity which previously hung over the geography and all the phe- 
 nomena of the Arctic Kegions. Before those voyages all was darkness and terror, 
 all beyond the North Cape a blank ; but, since then, each successive voyage has 
 swept away some gloomy superstition, has brought to light some new phenome- 
 non, and tended to tlie advancement of human knowledge. 
 
 At one of the meetings of the American Geographical Society, of 
 New York, Mr. Henry Grinnell replied to questions of like character 
 by stating some of the results in the extension of commerce and trade 
 which have flowed from Arctic researches : 
 
 9 
 
 1. Sir II. Gilbert's discovery of tho cod-flsheries of Newfoundland. 
 
 2. From Davis' discoveries, the great whalo-fisherios of West Greenland. 
 
 ;{. From the discoveries of Hudson (who also discovered and sailed into our 
 North River, which now bears his name, while on an Arctic voyage), Hudson's 
 Bay, and the operations of the great fur companies. 
 
w-n-^^F'TT^." '^~W ' 
 
 xxxviii 
 
 J'reliminary Chapter. 
 
 4. Sir John Ross : tlio whalo-flHhery of lao North, and northwoHt of BiiflHii'a 
 Bay.* 
 
 5. Captain Parry : whalo-flsliory of Lancinster Sound, Barrow Strait, and 
 Princo Regent's Inlet. 
 
 0. Admiral Beechey: whaleflsbery of Bering's Straits, in whieh in tlio 
 space of two years the whalers of Nantucket and New Bedford obtained cargoes 
 from which it is said they have realized eight millions of dollars. 
 
 To these statements of results may be added with interest the tact 
 that the loss of life has been remarkably small. The number of deaths 
 occurring on board of all the ships of all the public and private expedi- 
 tions sent for the relief of Franklin and on those engaged in later Arctic 
 explorations up to the year 1873 has not exceeded one and seven-tenths 
 per cent, of the officers and men employed. At the meeting of the 
 Royal Geographical Society in 1865, Lieutenant Maury remarked that 
 the wreck-charts of the British Isles for the previous year showed greater 
 loss than did the forty years of Arctic exploration, 1819-'59. 
 
 The accompanying map, No. II, shows the unexplored regions at 
 the date of 1818, geographical discoveries subsequent to tliat date 
 being inclosed within the red lines. Circumpolar Map No. I (to be 
 found in the pocket of the volume) has been prepared to show the chief 
 localities visited by the officers named in the preceding tables. A few 
 
 *0n the map accompanyiug Hon. Daines Barrington's "Possibility of Approaching the 
 North Pole," published in Loudon in 1818, " BaflSn's Bay" will bo found to have upon it the words 
 "according to the relation of W. BaiBu in 1016, but not now believed." The facts of this case ai-o 
 that Purchas unpanlonably omitted publishing the map brought back by the truthful old nav- 
 igator, saying that " the Tables of his Journal and sayliug were too costly to insert." As the con- 
 sequence of thus discrediting Baffin, no whalerever visited the "North Water"of his bay for two 
 hundred years. The Dutch opened a whale-flshery in Davis Strait in 1719, making net proiits 
 during the period of 1719-1778 of nearly £900,000. 
 
 In 1818 Capt. .John Ross found Baffin's relations to be accurate and his skeleton chart the 
 safe guide of a worthy and able navigator. Ross found the whales large, numerous, and easily 
 approached. He reported that the fisheries might be pursued with great success. This was the 
 fruit of the first expedition for the Northwest Passage. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 I 
 
( 
 
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 Tv"-""" 
 
 t"''/) :'<J I'l") 
 
 
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 s4^ '^^ 
 
 
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 p 
 
 t 
 
 '^Jl 
 
 
 
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 I. 
 
 f^iiciirnpoliii' Mh|) Ni). II iCJoo\)in|ilii. li Disuovei'ies i)inil<' siiU'o 1818 in Ri. 
 
 
 
 Uwl^''" 
 
 
 i.) 
 
f! 
 
 L 
 
Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 other localities and names have also been marked on the Eastern and 
 the Western hemispheres, and the Northern Asiatic coast-line is noted 
 as con-ected by Nordenskiold, 1878-'79. 
 
 EARLY AMERICAN VOYAGES FOR THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE. 
 
 It is of interest to note at what early dates in our colonial history 
 citizens of Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia shared in these 
 explorations. The following letter from Dr. Franklin is in proof The 
 original was presented by Hon. George Bancroft to Mr. Grinnell. Mr. 
 Bancroft refers to it in his History of the United States, vol. iv, p. 141. 
 The extracts which follow the letter have been taken from the files of 
 " The Pennsylvania Gazette, found in the Mercantile Library, Phila- 
 delphia. The letter of William Allen is from the Penn Papers of the 
 
 Pennsylvania Historical Society. 
 
 Philadelphia Feb" 28'*, 1753. 
 * * * I believe I have not before told you, that I have provided a 
 subscription here of £1.500 to fit out a vessel in search of a North West passage. 
 She sails in a few days, and is called the Argo, commanded by M'. Swaine, who 
 was in the last Expedition in the California and author of a Journal of that voy- 
 age in 2 Volumes. Wo think the attempt laudable, whatever may be the success. 
 If she fails, "magnis tamen excidit ausis." 
 With great esteem, 
 
 BENJ. FEANKLIN. 
 
 Mr. Cadwaladeu Colden, N. Y. 
 
 Of this voyage the Pennsylvania Gazette, " printed for Benjamin 
 Franklin, postmaster, and D. Hall," November 15, 1753, says: 
 
 Sunday last, arrived here the Schooner Argo, Captain Charles Swaine, who 
 sailed from this Port last Spring on the Discovery of a North West Passage. She 
 fell in with the Ice of Cape Farewell ; left the Eastern Ice, and fell in with the 
 Western Ice, in Lat. 58^, and cruised to the Northward to Lat. 63°, to clear it, but 
 
 1 
 
V 
 
 xl I'reliminary Chapter. 
 
 could not ; it then extending to the Eastward. On her return to the Southward, 
 she met with two Danish Sliips bound to I>all Eiver and Disco, up Davis' Straits, 
 who had been in the Ice fourteen Days olt' Farewell, and had then stood to West- 
 ward, and assured the Commander that the Ice was fast to the Shore, all above 
 Hudson's Straits to the distance of forty Degrees out; and that there had not been 
 such a severe Winter as the last these 24 Years that they had used that Trade ; 
 they had been nine Weeks from Copenhagen. The Argo, finding she could not 
 get round the Ice, pressed through it and got into the Strait's Mouth the 2()th of 
 June, and made the Island Eesolution, but was forced out by vast quantities of 
 driving Ice, and got into a clear Sea the 1st of July. On the 14th, cruising the 
 Ice for an opening to get in again, she met 4. Sail of Hudson's Bay Ships, endeav- 
 oring to get in, and continued with them till the lOth, when they parted in tliick 
 Weather, in Lat. 62 and a half, which thick Weather continued to the 7th of August. 
 The Hudson's Bay Men supposed themselves 40 Leagues from the Western Land. 
 The Argo ran down the Ice from 03° to 57° 30', and, after repeated attempts to 
 enter the Straits in vain, as the Season for discovery on the Western Side of the 
 Bay was over, she went on the Labrador Coast, and discovered it perfe(!tly from 
 56° to 55°, finding no less than six Iidets, to the Heads of all of which they went, 
 and of which we hear they have made a very good Chart, and have a better 
 Account of the Country, its Soil, Produce, &c., than has hitherto been published. 
 The Captain says 'tis much like Iforway, and that there is no communication 
 with Hudson's Bay through Labrador Avhere one has been heretofore imagined, a 
 high Ridge of Mountains running ;Xorth and South about 50 Leagues within the 
 Coast. In one of the Harbors they found a deserted wooden House with a brick 
 Chimney which had been built by some English, as appeared by Sundry Things 
 they left behind : and afterwards in another Harbor they met with Captain Goif 
 in a Snow* from London, who informed them that the same Snow had been there 
 last Year, and lauded some of the Moravian Brethren who had built that House ; 
 but the Natives havin g decoyed the then Captain of the Snow, and five or six of 
 his Hands, in their Boat round a Point of Land at a Distance from the Snow, 
 under pretence of Trade, and carried them all oft' (thej' liaving gone imprudently 
 without Arms), the Snow after waiting sixteen Days, without hearing of them, 
 went Home and was obliged to take away the IMoravians to help to work tie 
 Vessel. Part of the Business this Year Avas to Enquire after those Men. Cap- 
 tain Swaine discovered a fine fishing Bank, which lies but six Leagues off the 
 
 f 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 *A three-masted vessel, tho third miist, abaft the niainmast, carrj-iiig a trysail. 
 

 i 
 
 i 
 
 Preliminary Chapter. xH 
 
 Coast, iuul extends from Lat. 57° to 54°, supposed to be the same hinted at in 
 Captain Davis's Second Voyage. No bad Accident happened to the Vessel, and 
 the men kept in perfect health during the whole Voyage and returned all well. 
 
 II. Not satisfied with the results of this attempt. Captain Swaine 
 again sailed in the Argo, the following- spring, and the Pennsylvania 
 Journal and Weekly Advertiser of Thursday, October 24, 1754, pub- 
 lished in Philadelphia, says : 
 
 On Sunday last arrived here the Schooner Argo, Capt. Swaine, wlio was 
 fitted out in the Spring, on the discovery of a N". W. Passage, but having three of 
 his Men killed on the Labrador Coast, returned without success. 
 
 The Gazette also says : 
 
 On Sunday last arrived here the schooner Argo from a second ^Vttempt of 
 a Discovery of the Northwest Passage, but without success. 
 
 A full "Extract from a Journal of this voyage of 1753" will be 
 foimd in the quarto volume on "The Great Probability of the North- 
 west Passage," edited by Thomas Jefferys, Geographer to the King, 
 London, 1768. It embraces 22 pages of Jefferys' Quarto Treatise. 
 In the extract will be found also the statement that a Captain Taylor, 
 in a sloop of about thirty-five tons, was met with July 9, 1 75.1, hi 
 the same waters somewhere in about lat. 56° and long. 56° 42', which 
 sloop had been fitted out from Rhode Island to go in pursuit of a North- 
 west Passage, and if not successful to come down on the coast of 
 Labrador. 
 
 In Jefferys' volume, p. xi, will also be found the following : 
 The voyage of 1752 was made from Philadelphia in a schooner of about sixty 
 tons, and fifteen persons aboard, fitted out on a subscription of the merchants of 
 Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Boston, on a generous plan, agreeable to 
 proposals made them, with no view of any monopoly which they opposed, not to inter- 
 fere with the Hudson's Bay trade, or to carry on a clandestine trade witli the natives 
 of Greenland, but to discovi^r a Northwest I'assage and explore the Labrador 
 coast, at that time supposed to be locked up under a pretended right, and not 
 
xHi Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 frequented by the subjects of England, but a successful trade carried on by the 
 French ; to open a trade there, to improve the fishery and the whaling on these 
 coasts, cultivate a friendship with the natives, and make them serviceable in a 
 political way, which design of theirs of a publick nature, oi)on and generous, was 
 in a great measure defeated by pri\ iite persons interfering, whose views were 
 more contracted. 
 
 They did not succeed the first year as to their attempt in discovering a 
 Northwest Passage, as it was a great year for ice ; that it would be latc in the 
 year before the western part of Hudson's Bay could be attained to, and then im- 
 possible to exi)lore the Labrador that year, tlierefore the first part of the design 
 was dropped, and the Labrador was explored. The next year a second attemi)t 
 was made as to a passage ; but three of the people who went beyond the place 
 appointed by their orders, and inadvertently to look for a mine, [samples of which 
 had been carried home the year before, and this at the instigation of a private 
 person before they set out from home, without the privitj' of the commander,] 
 were killed by Eskiraaux, and the boat taken from them. After which accident, 
 with some disagreeable circumstances consequent thereon amongst the schooner's 
 company, and after an experiment made of their disinclination to proceed on any 
 further discovery, it was thought most prudent to return. This short account 
 is given by the person who commanded in this affair to prevent any misrei)re- 
 sentation hereafter of what was done on these voyages. 
 
 The last three lines of this paragraph point probably to an item 
 in the following curious letter from the chief merchant of Philadelphia 
 of that day, and the chief "undertaker " of the voyage of 1752. 
 
 Letter from Will. Allen, mercJiant,a)id, at a later date, Chief Justice of the Province 
 of Penmylvania, to the proprietary Thomas Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, Xov. 18th, 1753. 
 Sir : As I am quite assured that everything that regards the interest and 
 reputation of the Province of Pennsylvania will ever be i-egarded by you, I there- 
 fore beg leave to solicite your favor in behalf of myself and many other merchants 
 of this place. Notwithstanding the repeated attempts of Gentleujcn in England 
 to discover the Northwest Passage without success, yet there has appeared 
 among us a spirit to undertake that noble design, which if effected will redound 
 to the honour of your province and to the advantage of us the undertakers. 
 
I'reliminnri/ Chapter. 
 
 xliii 
 
 By tho inclosed papers, over whicli you -will bo pleased to cast your eye, 
 you will perceive that last year we Lad intended to put our desijjn in execution, 
 but by the extremity of the winter and other accidents it was postponed to tho 
 next 3'ear, at which time, as we have bought a vessel and all other material, and 
 engaged a navigator and mariners here, we shall proceed in the affair, and des- 
 patch the vessel from here the latter end of March, and are in great hopes, by 
 avoiding mistakes of former attempts, and pursuing, as we think, more proi)er 
 measures, to bo able to effect the discovery of the passage, or, at least, put it out 
 of doubt whether there is one or no. We have been the more encouraged in this 
 attempt by tho consideration that, in case our search for the passage should bo 
 fruitless, we might strike out a lucrative trade with the coast of Labrador ; but 
 we, to our great siu-prise, are informed wo are like to be deprived of the proposed 
 trade by means of a scoundrel of a parson, one James Sterling, who last sum- 
 mer took his passage to London, and there represented the advantage of the 
 trade to the Labrador coast in such a light to Messrs. Hanbury, Buchanan, and 
 others, that it is said they have applied to the Crown for an exclusive patent. 
 This same Sterling, who is a Church of England minister at l!fewtown, Md,, 
 was concerned with us in tho original undertaking, and subscribed to bear pai-fc 
 of the expense ; but after he had by frequent conversations extracted from the 
 person we chiefly depend upon for executing the design, all or chief part of the 
 intelligence that he could give, he has been base enough to endeavour to circum- 
 vent us. As a proof of that I assert, I here enclose his original letter, wrote with 
 his own hand, to Mr. Benjamin Franklin. We have also here our paper of sub- 
 scrii)tion for the carrying on of tho undertaking, signed by the said Sterling; 
 notwithstanding which, as I said before, he made a voyage to London, and for 
 his discovery and the proposals he laid before the above Gentlemen, he has, 
 though a parson, been rewarded with a collectorship of tho customs at the head of 
 the bay. We conceive ourselves very ill used by this false brother ; have there- 
 fore i)resented a petition to His Majesty, which comes herewith, i)raying that 
 no patent for an exclusive trade be granted, which is humblj" submitted to your 
 consideration, and I am desired to request that you will please to get it presented 
 if you judge it will answer any good end. The expense attending the sollicitation, 
 &c., I will take care of, with thanks to discharge. Your kind intei'position in our 
 behalf will confer a favor on many of the most considerable merchants of this 
 place, and particularly on 
 
 Your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 WILL. ALLEN. 
 
II 
 
 xliv 
 
 Prelhninartj Chapter. 
 
 A VOYAGE FROM VIRGINIA — 1772. 
 
 Tlio Gentlemeii'H Magazine, published in London, November, 
 
 1772, says: 
 
 By a letter iroiii James Wilder, captain of the Diligence, fitted out by sub- 
 scription in Virginia with a view to iLo discovery of the long sought for Nortli- 
 west Passage, it appears by the course of the tides there is a passage, but that 
 it is seldom or never open, and he believes impassable. He sailed as high as 09° 
 11' and discovered a large bay before unknown. 
 
 Tlie American Quarterly Review of 1828 refers to this voyage; 
 
 also, Scoresby, in his Account of the Arctic Regions, and Macpherson, 
 
 in his Annals of Commerce, vol. iii. Contributions in sums of £5 
 
 and upward were made for it in New York. 
 
 A VOYAGE REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN MADE IN 1639 FROM BOSTON. 
 
 Hall had notes of a strangely-reported expedition from Boston 
 
 in 1G39, against which the Viceroys of New Spain and Peru were said 
 
 to have dispatched Admiral de Fonte. These notes will be found in 
 
 Jefferys' work already referred to. Snow's History of Boston treats 
 
 the story of the Admiral as a myth, made up by the Magnalia. But 
 
 Ellis, in his Voyage of the Dobbs and California, says : 
 
 It is not at all impossible that either to this, or some other Expedition un- 
 dertaken from Boston, the present Hudson's Bay Company owe, that Discovery 
 which produced their Charter, and put them in Possession of those Places in that 
 Bay, in which they have Settlements at i)resent. W. Jeremie, who was Governor 
 at Port Nelson while it was in the llands of the French, and who without doid)t, 
 had better Opi)ortunities of knowing the Matters of which he writes than most 
 other I Vople, gives us this account of the IVFatter. He says, that one W. de Groise- 
 leiz, an iiiliabitant of Canada, a bold and enterpiising man and one who had trav- 
 elled much ill those parts, pushed hi« Discoveries at length so far, that ho reached 
 the Coasts of Hudson's Bay, from the French Settlements by Land. Upon his 
 Keturn, he prevailed upon some of his Countrymen at Quebeck to fit out a Bark 
 for perfecting this Discovery by Sea ; which being done, and he landing upon 
 
Prv.Uminarfi Chapter. 
 
 xlv 
 
 tho Coast where ho apprehended no Enropean liiul been before, was ania/.ed in 
 the very Dei)th of Wintei, lo hear that some of liis Company had tUseovered an 
 English settlement, as they were pleased to call it near Port Nelson, lie went 
 thither with a Design to attack it; but at his Arrival fonnd it a i)oor miserable 
 Cottage covered with Turf, in which were half a Dozen half starved Wretches, 
 without Arms, and without Strength to use them if they had had any. Tliese, 
 People told him thatthey werePartof a Ship's Crew from Boston, tliat they were 
 set on Shore to look for a Place, where the Ship to which they belonged might 
 Winter; and that the next Morning the Ice drove the Ship outof tlio Port, which 
 they never saw more. As we have no Date to this Pelation, it is impossible to 
 say whether it was that Ship from Loston mentioned in de Fonte's Acctount or 
 not; but if it was, and the Crew perished as very i)robably they might in this 
 iidiospitable Country, it aflbrds a clear and easy Solutiou of that, otherwise un- 
 answerable Difficulty, as to Captain Shapley's nuiking such a Voyage, and so 
 considerable a Discovery, without its coming to be known either in N. England, 
 or in Old. But if we should be wrong in this Conjecture, it would still remain an 
 uicontestible Proof that some Attemjjts were made from Boston, when they were 
 laid aside and forgot at London & Bristol. 
 
 [The voyage was probably for trading purposes only.] 
 
 PRINCIPAL ENGLISH ARCTIC PUBLICATIONS BETWEEN THE YEARS 1818 
 
 AND 1860. 
 
 Hall's journals and correspondence show that he had access to 
 the larger number of the following-named authorities. It ajipears 
 also, in his notes and by a letter from Mrs. Hall, that his librar}- — a 
 total loss on his Polaris voyage — included many of them ; some pre- 
 sented and others loaned to him by his New Yoi-k fiiends. He had 
 specially noted the " Record of Auroral Phenomena" observed by Arc- 
 tic voyagers fi'om 174G to 185G, comi)iled by the late Peter Force, of 
 Washington. [Smithsonian Contributions, vol. viii, I80G.] 
 
 The list of authorities which follows includes Hall's volumes and 
 others consulted in preparing this cliapter. 
 
f 
 
 xlvi Preliminary Chapter. 
 
 I. Chief Arctic AuthoriiicH from the revival of Arctic exploration, 1818 to 1845. 
 
 Barrow, Sir John. "A Chronological history of voyages undortaken chioUy for 
 the iHirpose of discoveriiifj a N. E., N. W., or Polar I'assagc between the 
 Atlantic and the Tacific. 8"^. London, 1818." [This vohune contains a 
 synojjsis of tlie voyages made from the early periods of Scandinavian navi- 
 gation to the revival of the search for the passage under Itiichan and Koss, 
 1818. The chief voyages of modern dates summarized are those of (!olum- 
 bus (14'J2), the Cabots (1497), the Cortereals (lOOli), Cartier (1M4), Wil- 
 loughby (1553), Burroughs (155(5), Frobisher (157(!-'78), Pet and Jaekman 
 (1580), Gilbert (1583), Davis (1585), Barents (15n4-".)7), Jas. Hall (Kill), 
 Hudson (1(J07-'10), Bylot and Baffin (1010), Luke Fox (1031), James (1031), 
 Middleton (1741),lleanie (1709-'7l'), rhipi)s (1773), Cook (1770), Mackenzie 
 (1789), Kotzebue (1815-'18), John Boss (1818), Buchan (1818).] 
 
 Barrington, Hon. D. The possibility of approaching the North Pole asserted ; 
 with an Ai)i)endix by Col. Beaufoy. 8°. London, 1818. 
 
 Buchan, Capt. D. Voyage of discovery towards the N. Pole performed in H. IVL 
 Ships Dorothea and Trent in 1818; edited in 1843 by Captain Beechey, 
 E. N. (Lieut, on the Trent in 1818). 
 
 Boss, Capt. John, E. N. A voyage of discovery made under orders of the Ad- 
 miralty in her ]\Iajesty's Ships Isabella and Alexander for the purpose of 
 exploring Baffhi's Bay and enquiring into the ])robability of a N. W. passage, 
 1818. 4°. London, 1819. 
 
 Fisher, A. Journal of a voyage to the Arctic Eegions in 1818, in H. M. S. Alex- 
 ander. 8°. London, 1819. 
 
 Scoresby, W., jun. An account of the Arctic Eegions, with a history and descrip- 
 tion of the Northern Whahj Fishery. 2 vols. 8°. London, 1820. 
 
 Parry, Capt. W. E. Journal of a voyage for the discovery of a N. W. Passage 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 1819-'21, in her Majesty's Ships Heda and 
 Griper. 4°. London, 1821. 
 
 Von Wiangell, Baron F. Nan-ative of an Expedition to the Polar Sea in 1820. 
 Translated by Col. Sabine. 
 
 Fisher, A. Journal of a voyage of discovery to the Arctic Eegions in H. M. S. 
 Hecla and Griper in the years 1819-'20. 8°. London, 1821. 
 
 Journal of a second voyage for the discovery of a North West ])assage 
 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific in his Majesty's Ships Fury and Hecla, 
 1821-'23. 40. London, 1824. 
 
 I.. 
 
 n 
 
Prelim hi a rif ( ^h aptv r. 
 
 xl 
 
 VII 
 
 Lyon, 0. F. The privato .Joiinial of ('ai)t. ti. F. Lyon of IL M. 8. Ili'cia duriii;,' 
 
 the rcopnt voyage of discovery under Cajtt. Parry, lSLM-'23. 12°. Lon- 
 don, ISlii. [f!()ntains nnieli of etlinolo/iical interest.] 
 Franklin, Sir .loliii. Narrative of a .lourn(\v to tlie siiore of llie Polar Hea in the 
 
 years 1S11I-'2L'. lo. London, lSL';i. 
 I'urry, Capt. W. E. Journal of a third voyaj^e for the discovery of a N. \V. i>as- 
 
 saj-e, l«21-'lir» : H. ]\r. Ships ne<-la and Fury. 40. London, 1820. 
 Lyon, Capt. (J. F. A hrief Narrative of an unsu(!eessful attempt t«) reach l{ei)ulse 
 
 Bay through Sir Thomas Hoe's Welcome in II. M. S. Gri])er in 1824. 8°. 
 
 London, 1825. 
 Franklin, ('apt. John. Narrative of a 2d Expedition to the shores of the Pohir 
 
 Sea, including an account of a dc^tachinent to the Eastward by John Kieh- 
 
 ardson, 1825-'27. 4°. London, 1828. 
 Beechey, Capt. W. F., R. N. Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific and Bering's 
 
 Strait to coo2)erate with the Polar expedition (Franklin's 2d land journey) 
 
 in II. M. Shii> Blossom, 1825-'28. 8°. London, 1831. 
 Koss, Capt. John. Narrative of a second voyage in search of a N. W. Passage, 
 
 and of a residence in the Arctic regions during the years 1829-33, includ- 
 ing the Reports of James C. Ross and the discovery of the N. IMagnetic Pole. 
 
 4°. London, 1835. 
 Parry, W. B. Narrative of an attempt to reach the N. Pole in boats fitted for the 
 
 purpose and attached to U. M. S. Ilecla in the year 1827. 4°. London, 
 
 1828. Lat. reached, 82° 43'. (The Spitzbergen route.) 
 Back, Capt. Geo. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the IMouth of the 
 
 Great Fish River and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the years 
 
 1833-'35. 4°. London, 183G. 
 King, R., M. D. Narrative of a journey to the shores of the Arctic Ocean under 
 
 Capt. Back in 1833-'35. 
 Back, G. Narrative of an Expedition in H. M. S. Terror; undertaken with 
 
 a view to Geographical discoveries on the Arctic shores, 183G-'37. 8°. 
 
 London, 1838. 
 Simpson, Thomas. Narrative of the Discoveries on the N. Coast of America 
 
 effected by the Ofdcers of the Hudson's Bay Company during the years 
 
 183G-'3(). 8°. London, 1843. 
 [An account of these, communicated to R. Geog Soc'y by Governor Pelly, of the 
 
 Hudson Bay Co., in R. Geog. Soc'y Journal, vol. ^dii, 1838.] 
 
xlviii PrcHniinarif Chapter. 
 
 II. Chief EngliHh and French Arctic piiltlicationH insucd between the yearn 1845 
 
 ami lH(iO. 
 
 Ilnnow, Sir John. V«>yiij(»'s of Discovery and research within the An'Uc regions 
 
 IVoni the year 181S to IStfi. 8°. Lon<lon, 184(5. 
 IJae, Dr. .John. Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of tho Arctic Sea in 1840 
 
 and 1847. 8o. London, 1850. 
 Itichardson and l{ae. .lonrnal of a Duat Voyago ia search of Sir J. Franklin in 
 
 1848. li V. 8°. London, 1851. 
 Goodsir, 1{. A. An Anitic Voyaye to IJatlln's Bay and Lancaster Sonnd in search 
 
 of friends with Sir .T. Fraiddin, in 1840. 8°. London, 1850. 
 The Franklin Expedition. Considerations on ^leasnres for the discovery and 
 
 IJelief of onr absent adventnrers in the Anftic regions. London, 1850. 
 Snow, W. r. Voyage of the Trinco Albert iu search of Sir J. Franklin in 1850. 
 
 so. London, 1851. 
 Kennedy, Wni. A short Narrative of tho second Voyago of tho Prince Albert, 
 
 1851. 8C. 
 Sutherland, 1'. C, M. D. Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits 
 
 l)erformed in the years 1850-51 by II. ]VI. S. Lady Franklin and Sophia luider 
 
 Capt. W. Fenny in search of tho Missing Shijjs Erebus and Terror. 2 vols. 
 
 8°. London, 1851,'. 
 Bellot, J. 11. Journal d'un Voyage aux mors polaires execute par Lieut, do Vais- 
 
 seau do la Marine Fran(,'aise, J. K. Bellot, a la recheixjho do Sir J. Franklin 
 
 cu 1851-"52. 8°. I'aris, par ]\I. Julien Leuier. 
 IMeiuoirs of, with Journal, li v. 8°. London, 1855. Eevised by M. do i ^ 
 
 laltoquotte: Soc. do Geographic do Paris. ■■5 
 
 Belcher, Capt., Sir E. The last of the Arctic Voyages : the Expedition in II. M. '^ 
 
 S. Assistance, 1852~'54. 2 v. S^. London, 1855. '% 
 
 Seenian, Berthold. Narrative of the Voyage of II. il. S. Herald, 1815-'51, under 
 
 Capt. II. Kellett. 8°. London, 1853. 
 Ingletield, Conimandor E. A. A Summer Search for Sir John Franklin. 8°. !' 
 
 London, 1853. 
 Kane, Elislia Kent, U. S, N. Access to an Open Polar Sea. 8°. New York, 1853. 
 U. S. Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. 8°. Now 
 
 York, 1853. [ 
 Arctic Explorations. Tho Second Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir 
 
 John Franklin, 1855. 2 v. 8°. Philadelphia, 1850. 
 
Preliminarif Chapter. 
 
 xlix 
 
 Kano, EliHlia Kent, U. S. N. UeiM)rt to FIou. Seci'y Navy of the Voyage of the 
 
 Advanci!; Si'«r'y Dobbin's IN'port to CoiifjrcHH, 1853. 
 AHtroiioniiciil Obst' nations in the Arctic Ue{fions. 4°. 1860. Sniitli- 
 
 soiiian Conti'ibntions, vol. V2. 
 Alct('oro1o};ical Observations in the Arcti<' Kofjious. 4°. 1800. Smith- 
 sonian (_'ontribntions, vols. 11 and lli. 
 De Haven, Lieut. I'^dwin .1. Instrui^tions to, from lion. W. li. Preston, See'y Navy, 
 
 for his eomniaixl of the Advance and llescue, in Report of Sec'y Navy for 
 
 18.">(»-'r.l. 
 
 His report to Tlon. VV. A. Ciraluim in Sei;. Navy's Report, for 1851-'52. 
 
 Hartsteue, Lieut. IL J., IT. S. N. Report of tlu> cruise of the Release and the 
 
 Arctic in search of Dr. Kane; in Report of Hon. Sec'y Navy for 185r)-'50. 
 Markhain, C. R., Sec. R. G. Socy. Franklin's footsteps; a sketch of (Jreenland 
 
 along- the shores of which his Exi)edition passed and of the Parry Islands. 
 
 185;j. 
 McDoufjall, F. The Eventful Voyage of U. IVL S. Resolute ui the Arctic regions 
 
 in search of Sir J. Franklin, 1852-'o4. 8°. London, 1854. 
 Osb(»ru, Capt. S., R. N. Discovery of the N. W. passage by Capt. McClure iu H. 
 
 M. S. Investigator, 1850-'54. 8°. London, 1857. 
 Stray leaves from an Arctic Journal, or 18 mos. Service in the Arctic 
 
 regions. 
 Armstrong, A. (M. I).). Personal Narrative of the discovery of the N. W. pas- 
 sage while iu search of the Expedition under Sir John Frankliu, 1850-'54. 
 
 8o. London, 1857. 
 Malte Brun, V. A., Vice Pres. Geog. Society of Paris. Coup d'oeil d'eusemble sur 
 
 les diflferentes expeditions entreprises h la recherche de Sir J. Franklin et 
 
 sur ses decouvertes g^ographiques. 8°. Paris, 1855. 
 Roquette, M. de la. Des dernieres Expeditions faites A la recherche de Sir John 
 
 Franklin et de la D6couverte d'un passage par uier de I'Oceau Atlantique 
 
 ii I'Ocean Pacifique. Paris, 185G. 
 
 Notice biographiquo sur I'Admiral Sir J. Franklin. 4°. 1856. 
 
 Richardson, Sir John. The Polar Regions (from the Encyclopcedia Britannica). 
 
 1856. 
 Life of Sir John Franklin in the Britannica. 
 
 McClintock, Capt. F. Leopold, R. N. The discovery of the fate of Franklin and 
 
 his Companions, 1859. 8o. 
 Yoiing, Capt. Allen. The Search for Franklin. In Comhill Magazine for 1860. 
 S. Ex. 27 IV 
 
 ■i'i- 
 
 :-ii^ 
 
I 
 
 1 
 
 PreJiminarff Chapter. 
 
 Ilnycs, I. I. The Oi)on Polar S(mi. Narrative of a Voyage of disoovory in tlin 
 
 Sclioonor United States. 80. New York, 18G0. 
 ()sl)orn, Admiral Hlierard, If. N. Tlie Career, last voyage, and fate of Franklin. 
 
 8^. London, 1800. 
 Malte lirnn, V. A. La destinee de Franklin devoilee. 8°. Paris, 1860. 
 Brown, J. The N. W. Passage and tlie ])lans for the Search for Sir J. Franklin. 
 
 8°. London, 1SC0. This work contains a satisfactory review of both snh- 
 
 jects, inclnding the results of MeClintock's voyage. 
 
 OfBcial reports of the English expeditions, including such as those made l»y 
 Dr. Rae and by Anderson who brought the first news of Franklin's exi)edition, and 
 other returns which have not appeared in the form of narratives, will be found in 
 the Parli inientary Paper3,beginning with the Instructions to Franklin, in the IJlue 
 Books, and in the i)apers issued by the Admiralty Uydrograi)hic Oftlce. The re- 
 jtorts and discussions of most value outside of these, will be found in the Journals 
 and Bulletins of the European and American geographical societies; especially in 
 those of the Royal Geogra])hical Society, London; the Bulletins de la Society de 
 Geographic, Paris; the Annales de Voyage edited by Malte Brun, and the Jour- 
 nal of the American Geographical Society, New Yorlc ; and in I'etermann's Geo- 
 graphische Mittheilungen. Copious references to all of these are given in " Die 
 Literatur iiber der Polar Uegionen," edited for the K. K. (ieographische Gesell- 
 schaft, of Vienna, by Chavanne, Karj)!!", and Le Monnier. 80. Vienna, 1878. 
 
 P 
 
 i m 
 
 V 
 
 M. 
 
p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 J- 
 
 PREPARATORY WORK FOR THE SECOND EXPEDITION. 
 
 SEPTEMBER, 1862, TO DECKMBlill, |}ltJ2. 
 
 8. Kx. 27 1 
 
r 
 
 5 
 
r 
 
 OHAl'TER I. 
 
 II 
 
 f» r 
 
 PREPARATORY WORK. 
 
 Hall nirrruNs ki;().m iils Kihst Exri;i>rrioN — Tklegraphs krom St. John's, NkwI'OI'ndland, 
 
 KXPRESSING ins PUUPOSIO OF A SkCOND VoYAOF. — WRITES TO MR. GRINNEI.L FROM C'lN- 
 riNNATI, DESIRING TO PRESENT THE FROWSHER ReLICS TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE— IIlS 
 ABSTRACT OF DiLLON'S DISCOVERY OF THE RELICS OF La PeROUSE's EXPEDITION— StIDIES 
 HaKLUYT, PuRCHAS, iVND OTHER AUTHORITIES, AND FINDS PROOF OF THE GENtriNENESS 
 
 OF HIS DISCOVERIES— Reads a paper before the American Geographical Society, 
 
 AVOWING his purpose OF RETURNING NORTH THE FOLLOWING SPRINC — ACKNOWLEDG- 
 MENT iiv THE Royal Geographical Society of the receipt of the Relics — Cor- 
 respondence WITH Mr. John Barrow and with Captain IJecher, R. N.. resultinc( 
 IN the preparation of a new Arctic volume nv Admiral Colt.insox, R. N., for 
 THE Hakluyt Society— Hall's account of his discoveries read hefore the Royal 
 Geographical Society, London— Their genuineness confirmed iiv Rae. Harrow, 
 Markiiam, and Young— His abstract of the three Expeditions of Sir Martin 
 rRoiiLSHER — Addenda. 
 
 Hall's prepamtioiis for his Second P^xpeditiori, which this Narra- 
 tive is now to record, occupied a period of nearly two years. The 
 labors of those years, by demonstrating the successful results of his 
 first voyage, and by the interest created through the publication of his 
 "Arctic Researches", secured his second outfit. 
 
 Tlie purpose of the first voyage — to find the records of the Frank- 
 lin Expedition, and, if possible, some of the survivors — was entirely 
 defeated by the loss of his solo dependence — his boat. The purpose 
 
4 The Franklin Boat-Crcivs. 
 
 was but strengthened by defeat. He gave proof of this before liis 
 arrival in the United States by a telegram from St. John's, Newfound- 
 land, to his friends, Mr. Griimell and Mr. Field, of New York, and Mr. 
 Greenwood and Mr. Bishop, of Cincinnati; a dispatch which began 
 with the words, "I am bound for the States to renew voijage^\ and wliich 
 reads throughout more like news from an excursionist than from one 
 who had been fighting his way through two Arctic winters. The forti- 
 tude into which those severe experiences had disciplined him, seems to 
 have shown itself steadily throughout the succeeding two years of 
 working and waiting which are now to be traced. 
 
 Arriving in New London September 13, 1862, and placing under 
 the care of Capt. S. O. Budington the Eskimos, Ebierbing {Joe) and Too- 
 koo-li-too (Hannah), who had joined their fortunes with his own, two 
 years before. Hall made a short visit to his family and to his earliest 
 Arctic friends in Cincinnati. While there, his letters evinced nuich 
 concern as to the opinions which the English people might form from 
 the reports by the press of his late voyage, a hasty impression having 
 been received from him that he had probably determined the fate of 
 two boat^' crews of Franklin's Expedition. He had been led into this 
 error by a party of Sekoselar Innuits, but promptly corrected it in the 
 columns of the New York press, and, afterward, more fully in a paper 
 read before the American Geograjihical Society and in the "Arctic Re- 
 searches." His apprehensions were that before the first correction could 
 reach England the error would prejudice the English against the gen- 
 uineness of the discoveries he had been making in the region visited 
 by Sir Martin Frobisher three centuries before. 
 
 The apprehension proved to have been groundless. It had, how- 
 
 MS: 
 
The ProjJosed Visit to England. 
 
 5 
 
 M 
 
 ever induced Hall to decline lecturing- in Cincinnati, and to entertain 
 a new idea in regard to his discoveries and to the proper disposition of 
 the valuable relics of Frobisher's Expedition, which he had found on this 
 first voyage. Writing to Mr. Grinnell, he expressed his belief that he 
 ought to go over immediately to England and present these to the 
 English sovereign and people, as Captain Dillon in 1829 had presented 
 the remains of La Perouse's Expedition to Charles X and to the French 
 nation.* 
 
 He naturally set a value on his late explorations, and had reason 
 to suppose they would interest the English people. He believed that 
 the account given by Frobisher himself of the country he had visited, 
 was so indefinite that for nearly three hundred years the civilized world 
 had been in doubt of the precise localities. Beste's Narrative to bo 
 found at that time only in Hakluyt's collection, and Barrow's history 
 which Hall had in hand while traveling over the land, were proof 
 enough of the indefiniteness of the geographical positions named by 
 Frobisher. Up to the time of Hall's visit in 180 1, no opportunity had 
 been embraced for identifying these localities, orforconfirming the record 
 of what Frobishei''s three expeditions had reported as accomplished on 
 
 * This he had found fully noted in the "Narrative and Successful Kestilt of a Voyage in the 
 South, performed by order of the Government of British India to ascertain the actnal fato of La 
 Perousc'a Expedition of 1785 ; made by Chevalier Capt. P. Dillon in 18'^8," His attention hav- 
 inj; been closely drawn to this history, ho had made the following abstract, the italicized parts of 
 which are those underscored in his manuscript, as arguments for liis yet finding survivors of 
 Franklin's party. 
 
 ■' Louia XVI and the French nation ' ing determined to contribute their share in enlarging 
 our acquaintance with the globe and ' diabitants, ordered an expedition to Ije fitted out in 
 17H5, consisting of two of the tinent T ,., frigates, La Boussole and L'Astrolabo. Neither labor 
 nor expense was spared in completing the expedition, to which were attaclied some of the ablest 
 and most scientific men of Europe. 
 
 "To secure tlu; success of this enterprise the ships' coniiianies of wliicli numbered 240 souls, 
 it was deemed necessary to select a man of the highest professional tali'iit to command the expe- 
 dition. La Perouse was chosen; his distinguished naval exploits, scientilic acquirements, .and 
 enterprising character having pointed him out as the fittest person to b^ thus honored. 
 
 "The expedition sailed from Hrest, August, 1785, and, after making discoveries in various 
 
 f 
 
6 
 
 The Survival of La Feroi(se\s Men. 
 
 i 
 
 those shores. The Admiralty chart of 1853 and that furnished for the 
 volume of Do Haven's Ex])edition, still had upon them the so-called 
 "Strait" as reported by Frobisher, which was supposed to be a passage 
 westward to the further part of Hudson's Bay; but navigators have 
 always chosen Hudson's Straits in passing to and fi-om that bay. Had 
 any one attempt<'d the passage through what was laid down on their 
 charts as Frobisher's Strait, they might have anticipated Hall's dis- 
 covery, correcting Frobisher and proving this to be a Bay. But the 
 language of nearly all of the geographical wi'iters on Frobisher's vo}'- 
 ages was obscure, and the charts of the first half of the century, inaccu- 
 rate. Hall had reason for desiring to prove the genuineness of his dis- 
 coveries, and he expressed a wish to place his proofs before a committee 
 that might be appointed in London to examine his notes, his relics, and 
 himself 
 
 Sir Martin's name was that of one of the first of Englishmen 
 
 (luarters, anchored iu Botany Bay Jiiniiavy '<20, Vtff'. Hero La IVrouse met witli the British 
 squadron under Governor Pliillijjs, and conunitted to him what i)roved to bo his last dispatches 
 for France. At the close of February the French set sail for further discovery, but nothing more 
 was heard of La Perouso for thirtij-cifiht nears, when Captain Dillon, eonnua.nding a vessel sent in 
 search of the remains of the lost expeditiou, ascertained the fate of the lony lost navigator. On 
 the island of Tucopia (Barnwell Island), lat. 12<-^ l.V S., long. 1(51)° W., Dillon, in 182()-'d7, obtained 
 information that, many years before, two vessels liad been wrecked near the island of JIanicolo, 
 within less than one day's sail of Tucopia. Through Martin Burhart, a Prussian who liad resided 
 there fourteen years, Captain Dillon learned that many from the shipwrecked crews had escaped 
 to the islands. He hastened to Manicolo and there procured many lelics from the natives ; and, 
 from the depths of the seas in which the vessel had been wrecked, incontrovertible lu'oofs of their 
 destruction forty years before; and at length he learned that many of the white men were saved, 
 but that the last renuiant of ihcm had died oiilii three i/ciirs before, after surviving thirtii-sereii years 
 from the time of the wreck. On the island of Manicolo liatl lived some of these survivors of the 
 ill-fated expedition long after the world had given them n\> as dead. The expedition .sent out by 
 Franco, under Admiral Eulreeasteau,in 1701, had visited La Croix, a few leagues only from Mani- 
 colo, where survivors of the lost exi)edition were then living, and the inhabitants of botli islands 
 had kept up constant ictercourse with each other. Vel this expedition, which was out six yeans, 
 gained no intelligence whatever of La Perouse, while by that fearful scourge scurvy, it lost one 
 hundred and twenty oflicers and num. though its voyage was im)stly in the warm zone. 
 
 "Dillon's men numbered 87 souls, and, at one time, lu'arly every one was prostrated liy tho 
 illseases of the tropical regi(m. Still, in that clime — more inhospitable than thai, mireli/, of Kiiitj 
 fVilUam'K Land — did some of La Pentose's eompauious survive for iiiiirlii forty years/' 
 
 I 
 
 .* 
 "* 
 
I 
 
 Sir Martin Frohinhvr. 7 
 
 to sail in quest of the Nortlnvest ]\assap^o, and it was one of no less 
 fame under Drake and Howard, for in 1588 he was knijjhted for service 
 under the High Admiral against the Armada. Hall's enthusiasm 
 
 1 
 
 Mahtinus FROBisiiEni s, Eques Al'HATLS. 
 (From "The Three Voyages of Martiu FrobiBher,"' edited by Aduiiml CoUiusou, K. N.) 
 
 prompted hhn to say that the age of his Frobisher relics and the 
 remarkable circumstances attending them stamped them as worthy 
 gifts for Queen Victoria. Barrow liad shown him that the expeditions 
 
8 Hall before the American Geographical Society. 
 
 of Sir Martin were among tlie favorite objects of Elizabeth. She had 
 shown her favor by her throwing around Sir Martin's neck a cliain of 
 gold, and by her letters of praise written to him. 
 
 Conferring, however, with Mr. Grinnell after returning from 
 Cincinnati, he decided to send the relics out to England, to the care of 
 Mr. Cornelius Grinnell, in place of exhausting his own means and de- 
 laying his plans by a visit to London. In the mean time, a^jplying 
 himself closely at the rooms of the American Geographical Society 
 and of the Astor Library to the old authorities Hakluyt, Purchas, and 
 others, he had the satisfaction of further confirming his discoveries. 
 After a study of some weeks previously to meeting the Geographical 
 Society, ho wrote to Budington: 
 
 I find much that is valuable in proving that the relics are, beyond all ques- 
 tion, Frobisher's. It will perhaps startle you to hear that one of his vessels went 
 into the bay I call Ward's bay, through Bearo Sound. It may be the English 
 will dispute my discoveries, but I covet the opportunity to show the facts. 
 
 Opportunity for this was early afforded. At the meeting of the 
 American Geographical Society, held, as at that time was usual, in the 
 hall of the Historical Society, of New York, he was introduced by Mr. 
 Grinnell and made a report which will be found noted in "the Pro- 
 ceedings", under the title of "An abstract of a Paper on some Arctic 
 Discoveries." 
 
 In this paper, after referring to his statements before the society 
 made two years previously. Hall re-stated in full that the original pur- 
 pose of his late voyage was to visit King William's Land and Boothia, 
 and there spend two years, if needed, in gathering materials for con- 
 cluding in a more satisfactory way the history of Franklin's Expedi- 
 tion ; to recover the logs of the ships Erebus and Terror, with all other 
 manuscripts belonging to that expedition; and, especially, to rescue 
 
The Frohisher Colony. 
 
 9 
 
 f 5a 
 t 
 
 some lone survivor or survivors that peradventure mifi^ht l)e found living 
 with the Eskimos. He then gave an account of Messrs. Williams and 
 Haven's generously free conveyance to Northumherland Irdet of him- 
 self and his Eskimo companion, Kud-lar-go, with his boat, provisions, 
 and stores ; of his boat being wrecked the September following; and 
 of his long residence with the natives, during which ho had ingratiated 
 himself with them, adopting their style of dress, living in their snow 
 huts, and feeding on their raw whale-skin, walrus and seal meat. 
 
 With some exultation, he said that in September, 1861, he had 
 landed on an island Avhich the Iimuits and their ancestors from time 
 immemorial had called Kodlunarn, or White Man's Island, from the 
 tradition that strangers had lived there and tried to escape from it; — on 
 which island he had found remains of stone houses, coal^ iron, and 
 glass, all covered with the moss of ages; and that he had visited every 
 accessible place named by the Eskimos as connected with the fate of 
 the strangers living there, as they said, "many, many years ago." lie 
 added his convictions that he had thus been the first to revisit the ])re- 
 cise localities of Frobisher's three expeditions of 157(), '77, and '7H, 
 and quoted from Hakluyt and other works in which the materials 
 taken out by Frobisher for the erection of stone houses and everything 
 necessary for the colony of one hundred men are detailed; and he 
 exhibited the specimens which he had brought from the ruins, asking 
 the Geographical Society to inspect them rigidly in evidence for or 
 against his statements. 
 
 He then showed that during his two years' northern residence, he 
 had explored over one thousand miles of coast, making as careful a 
 survey as his means and instruments permitted, and proving that the 
 water which had for three centuries been called Frobisher's Strait was 
 
10 
 
 The Relics Indorsed as Genuine. 
 
 a wide l).'iy. ITe added, '' Inaamucli as J have failed in the great object 
 for which ] wont ont, it is my intention to try again in the following 
 spring." 
 
 The lOskimo family, Ebierbing, Too-koo-li-too, and their child, 
 Tu-ker-U-Jce-ta (the Butterfly), who had come down from Grotoii in 
 their full arctic dresses of deer and seal skin, were introduced to the 
 audience. They exhibited a variety of costumes and implements, and 
 with their yomig child were the objects of much interest, and were 
 called on for many replies to questions interpreted to them by Hall. 
 Valiuible donations of relics were sent to the Smithsonian Institution. 
 A ]iart of the geological collections was presented to the New York 
 Lyceum of Natural History, and was the subject of brief reports to 
 the lyceum by Mr. II. P Stevens and Mr. Tnomas Egleston. [An 
 account of this, and a discussion of another part of his collections, 
 afterward presented to Amherst College by J. J. Copp, Esq., of Groton, 
 Conn., will be found in Appendix III, illustrated by drawings of some 
 of the fossils. This discussion, by Prof. B. K. Emerson, of Amherst 
 College, is indorsed by Prof C A. White, of the United States Geolog- 
 ical Survey of the Territories, as a desirable addition to our knowledge 
 of the mineralogical and geological character of the Arctic Regions.] 
 
 A number of other relics were exhibited at the residence of ]\Ir. 
 Henry Grinnell for some time before their transmission to England. At 
 the close of the year they were presented to the English people, through 
 the Royal Geographical Society, London, whose acknowledgment of 
 their receipt names: 3 cases and 1 cask of relics; and I piece of iron 
 weighing 20 pounds. Hall sent with them a carefully prepared out- 
 line sketch of Frobisher's Bay, and three diagram maps, one being that 
 of the Countess of Warwicke Sound of Frobisher. In connection 
 
CorrcspoMilfiKr with Banniv and ofhrrs. 
 
 11 
 
 Avitli this (loiiiition, lie ciiterod into a coiTcspoiKlciioe nitli Mv. .Joliii 
 liiUTOw, son of 8ir John liarrow who hiis hccn s<» jnstK st\ K'd tho 
 FatluT of ]\ro(k'rn Arctic Phitoi-prise, with ('oninian(h'r A. IV Hcchcr, 
 It N., of th(i AchniraUy, and with }t\r. (!. li. Markhani, then, as now, 
 one of tho Seorctarios of the Hoyal (ieooraphicid Society, niakinfj;- 
 close inqniries in regard to such j)oint8 in Frobisher's Iiistory as wei-e 
 inaccessible to him, the manuscripts to be consulted being found only 
 in the British MusiMun. 
 
 His letters are in evidence of his earnest desire to ])ossess him- 
 self of every fact in the history. The correspondence contains geo- 
 graphical notes of intrinsic value, and shows that his cliunis its a 
 discoverer were ])romj)tly admitted on the transparent consistency of 
 the details given in his letter before the reception of his charts and 
 relics. 
 
 Commander Becher had published the results of his own investi- 
 gations of Frobisher's voyages in an elaborate paper in the Journal of 
 the Royal Geographical Society (vol. 12, 18t2). On receiving Hall's 
 letter to Barrow, he wrote to Hall : " I have no douht of your relics 
 being those left by Frobisher's party. Warwicke Island and Sound 
 wore the jjrincipal resort of the voyagers. I perceive that your lati- 
 tude and mine of (^ueen lOlizaboth's Foreland are ])rotty near each 
 other " 
 
 This correspondence jn'oduced an incidental result which has 
 proved valuable to geography and to the libraries of our day. Cap- 
 tain Becher's purpose expressed in his letter to Hall, to urge upon the 
 Hakluyt Society the issuing of a worthy reprint of Fr<d)isher's jour- 
 nals, accorded Avith the general sentiment, expressed by the editor of the 
 
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 CoUinsovl's Volume Published. 
 
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 Geographical Society's Journal, wlien publishing-, in 1842, the paper to 
 which reference has been made : "Tiuit it was not creditable to England 
 to have done so little for preserving and rendering available the records 
 of the navigation of Frobikher's age." The explorations of Hall and 
 the coiTespondence now referred to resulted in the preparation by 
 Admiral Collinson, R. N., for the Hakluyt Society, of a new and valu- 
 able volume of Frobisher's voyages. Admiral Collinson, C. B. — now 
 Elder Brother of Trinity House, London — well known as himself an 
 eminent Arctic explorer, has given in this volume a reprint from the 
 first rare edition of Hakluyt's voyages, with selections from manu- 
 scripts and documents in the British Museum and in the State Paper 
 Office, accompanied by two rare old maps and a picture of Sir Martin. 
 The work, issued in 1867, was cordially dedicated "to Henry Grin- 
 nell, of New York, as a tribute of respect and admiration not only 
 for his conduct and generous co-operation in the search for Sir John 
 Franklin and his companions, but for the interest he had shown in, and 
 the aid he had afforded to. Polar exploration in the present day." 
 In the introduction to this work, Admiral Collinson said : 
 
 lu the appendix will be found a list of the relics of the Frobisher Expedi- 
 tion brought home by Mr. C. F. Hall in 18G3, which are now deposited at the 
 Eoyal Geographical Society ; and I am one of those that believe that his exer- 
 tions in exploring King William's Land for the journals and records of the Frank- 
 lin Expedition will be attended with success. When this island was visited by 
 Sir L. McOlintock and Cai>tain Hobson the ground was covered with snow. ]\Ir. 
 Hall intends passing the summer upon it, and the knowledge he has obtained of 
 the Eskimo language and character dui-ing his two years' residence in Frobisher 
 Bay will enable him to gain their confidence. 
 
 The catalogue of relics referred to by Admiral Collinson occupies, 
 with its brief accompanying note, eight pages of this new Frobisher 
 volume. It is signed by C. F. Hall, and dated from New York, Febru- 
 
 ■I i 
 
HalTs Paper Head before the Royal Geographical Society, London. 13 
 
 aiy 7, 1863. At the tenth meeting of the Royal Geographical Society 
 for that year, held April l'<, a paper prepared by liim to be read on 
 the receipt of the relics was presented from Mr. H. Grinnell, and read 
 by the Secretary of the society, Dr. Norton Shaw. This paper and 
 the discoveries reported in it elicited the commendations of Sir R. 
 Murchison, President of tiie society, and of the Arctic explorers, Sir 
 George Back, Capt. Sherard Osborn, and Dr. Rae, and occasioned 
 the following letter from Mr. John Barrow : 
 
 17 IlANOVEU TkUKAOE, 
 
 RegenVn Pari; Ajml liith, 18G3. 
 To 0. F. Hall: 
 
 Sir : I tshould soouer have answered your letter of 25th of February, but 
 there has beeu a longer delay than I expected in the reading of your i)ai)er 
 owing to the Easter holidays. It was read on Monday evening at the lioyal 
 Geographical Society in a very crowded meeting, many being unable to get 
 seats. 
 
 In consequence of a weakness in my throat I was compelled to give up all 
 idea of reading it myself, as the room is ill adapted for hearing, being long and 
 narrow, and the speaker fronting his audience in the centre ; consequently at the 
 ends of the room it is not easy to command attention. However, our secretary, 
 Dr. Norton Shaw, read it right well. He took great pains, and I assure you you 
 might have heard a i^in drop during the whole time. The pajier was very well 
 received, but as it was rather long and another pai)er to come on, the discussion 
 was limited. 
 
 Dr. Itae fully corroborated your statement of reliance to be ]»laced on 
 Eskimo statements and traditions, I have sent you a report of the jiroceedings 
 given in the Times.* Of course, it is very abridged. Cornelius Grinnell was 
 present, and will doubtless write to you fully. 
 
 * [Extract from a lutttr to Mr. Henry GrinDcU.] 
 
 • * * I send you the Tiinos of the 15th instant, which gives a longer account tlian 
 is usual for them to publish of the meeting of the Royal Geographical Society. I wish you had 
 been there to hear the eulogy pronounced upon you by Sir Roderick Murchisou and Captain 
 Osborn, and the manner in which it was received by the audionoo. 
 
 The report in the Times gives but a faint idea of what was said. It was enough to make 
 any of your family feel proud. It Heeuied as if Osborn could not say too much of the obligalitm 
 
14 
 
 Encouragement. 
 
 h ' 
 
 As regards the final disposal of the Trobisber relics, I think they should 
 either be phiced in Greenwich Hall or in the Boyal United Service Institution 
 with the Franklin relics. Although youi letter has been unanswered it has not 
 been neglected. 
 
 Mr. Major, of the British Museum, whom 1 met at the Geograi)hical Society, 
 is getting all the extracts you require made for you, and they will shortly be 
 ready. 
 
 Believe me, my dear sir, with best wishes for your success in your next 
 enteri)rise, yours very truly and with great respect, 
 
 JOHN BARROW. 
 
 !i 
 
 !'" 
 
 The action of the Royal Geographical Society and the courteous 
 and encouraging letters received from such officers as have been named, 
 proved further incentives to Hall to prepare for a return Ij the fields of 
 exploration. His disappointment in not receiving a single volume of 
 the Hakluyt series, for v^^hich he asked in the correspondence with the 
 secretar}'^ of the Hakluyt Society, was compensated for by a loan of 
 the whole, at a later date, from the library of Mr. J Carson Brevoo/t, 
 of Brooklyn, L. I. The charts which he needed were courteously 
 forwarded by Captain Becher, of the Admiralty, during the ensuing 
 season, through the British consul at New York. 
 
 and iuclcbtcdnrBs of ovory Kiif^lishtnau to yoii nnd of the adniinition of your liberaltyand philan- 
 thropy. The whole alfair ])asscd off most satisfactorily. Sir George Back spoke in high terms of 
 Mr. Hall's perseverance and energy, and had no doubt that the relics were those of Frobisher. 
 Rae, BaiTow, Young, Markham, and several others also expressed the same opinion. It was 
 lihonght best to strike out that portion of the paper relating to the supposed remains of Sir John 
 Franklin's expedition, as it would be painful to the feelings of their relations. Rao strongly 
 corroborated the remarks of Mr. Hall regarding the truthfulness of the traditions of the natives. 
 
 The relics will bo for the present exhibited in the society's rooms, for inspection of sciuntiiic 
 mou, until their final disposition, which is in the hands of Sir R. Murchison and Mr. Brown. 
 
 It was delightful to witness the respect and kind feeling exhibited by the oininent discov- 
 erers present for the labors of a brother explorer. 
 
 If Mr. Hall could only reach King William's Land and find the Records of Franklin what a 
 nauiu ho could make for himself! I am afraid it can only be accomplished by a vessel to Prince 
 Regent's Inlet or overland by Rae's or Anderson's route through the Hudson Bay Company's 
 Territory 
 
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 SVPPCSEU FOtMEIANII OK ^VIERICA 
 
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HalVa Historic Notes. 
 
 15 
 
 hall's ABSTUACT of TlIK FEOBISIIKR EXPEDITIONS. 
 
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 In Sir John Barrow's history Hall had before him the following account of 
 Frobishcr's three ex[)eclition8 : • * * 
 
 "Whether Frobisher had collected the reports of the Northwest Passage to 
 Cathaia having been actually performed, or whether alone from his knowledge of 
 tho sphere and all other skilles ai)i)ertaii;ing to the arte of navigation, his hopes 
 were grounded, it is quite certain that he had persuaded himself the voyage was 
 not only feasible but of easy executi<»n. His friends, however, were not so easily 
 persuaded to enter into his scheme ; but as it was the only thing of the world left 
 yet undone whereby a notable mind might be made famous and fortunate, he per- 
 severed for fifteen years without being able to acquire the means of setting forth 
 an expedition on which his mind had been so long and so resolutely bent. 
 
 "At length, in the year 157G, by the countenance and assistance of Dudley, 
 Earl of Warwick, and a few friends, he was enabled to fit out two small barks, 
 the Gabriel of 35 and the Michael of 30 tons, tog<'ther with a pinnace of 10 tons. 
 With this little squadron he prepared to set out en his important expedition, and 
 on the 8th of June passed Greenwich, where the court then was, and Queen Eliz- 
 abeth bade them farewell by shaking her hand at them out of the window. 
 
 "On the 11th July, 1570, they came in sight of Friesland, rising like i)iii- 
 nacles of steeples, and all covered with snow I This island, tcliose position has so 
 greatly puzzled geographers, could not be the Friesland of Zeno, but, being in 01° 
 of latitude, was evidently the southern part of Greenland. The floating ice 
 obliged Frobisher to stand to the southwest, till he got sight of Labrador, along 
 the coast of which he then stood to the westward, but could neither reach tho 
 land nor get soundings on account of the ice. SaiUng to the northward he met 
 with a great island of ice which fell in pieces, making a noise as if a great clifl'e 
 had fallen into the sea. After this he entered, a strait in lat. 03° 8'. This strait, 
 to which his name was given from his being its tirst discoverer, is the same which 
 was afterwards named Lumley's Inlet, but Frobisher's Strait was for a long time 
 supposed by geographers to have cut off a portion from Old Qrcenland, till Mr. 
 Daliymple and others showed the fallacy of such a supposition. # # • 
 
 "Frobisher set sail for England and arrived at Harwich on the 2d of Octo- 
 ber, 'highly commended ot all men for his greato and notable attempt, but specially 
 famous for the great hope ho brought of the passage to Cathaia.' That hope, how- 
 ever, would probably have died away but for an accidental circumstance which 
 had been disregarded during the voyage. Some of the men had brought homo 
 flowers, some grass, and one a piece of stone ' much Uke to a sea cole iu color,' 
 
16 
 
 Hall's Historic Notes. 
 
 lii: 
 
 11 
 
 ■I : 
 I ii li ■ 
 
 I i' ! ■ 
 
 ■11 
 
 mcrt'ly for the sake of the phiei^ from whence thoy cauie. A piece of this hlack 
 stone beinj; jfiven to one of the udventiirei-'s wives, by chance she threw it into tho 
 lire, and, wliether from accident or curiosity, having (|uenched it while hot witii 
 vinegar, 'it glistered with a bright niarqnesset of golde.' The noise of this inci- 
 dent was soon spread abroad, and the stone was assayed by the 'gold liners of 
 London,' who reported that it contained a considerable ipuintity of gold. A new 
 voyage was immediately set on foot for the following year, in which we arc told 
 by Master George Beste, Frobisher's Lieutenant, that 'the Captaine was specially 
 directed by commission for the sean^hing more of this golde ore than for the 
 searching any further <liscoveiy of the Northwest Passage.'" 
 
 SECOND VOYAOK, 1577. 
 
 Frobisher was now openly connteimnced by Queen Elizal)eth, and on taking 
 leave for his second voyage had the honor of kissing Uer Majesty's hand, who dis- 
 missed him " with gracious countenance and comfortable words." lie was besides, 
 furnished with one tall ship of her Majesty's named "y» Ayde^^ of two hundred 
 tunno or thereabouts; and two other little barkes likewise; the one called the 
 Gabriell, whereof Master Fenton was Captaine: and the other, the Michael, 
 whereof Master Yorke, a gentleman of My Lord Admirall's was Cai)taine:" 
 these two vessels were about 30 tons each. On thi' iiTth May (1577) having 
 received the Sacrament and prepared themselves "as good Christians toward 
 God, and resolute men for all fortunes," they left Gravesend, and after a long 
 passage fell in with Friesland, in Lat. COp, on tho 4th of July, the mountains 
 covered with snow, and the coast almost inaccessible from the great quantity of 
 drift ice. * * * 
 
 Four days were here spent in vain endeavor to land, after which they stood 
 for the strait, discovered by them the preceding year. They arrived oft" the North 
 foreland, otherwise Hall's island, so called after the mini who had picked up tho 
 golden ore and who was now Master of the Gabriell. They proceeded some dis- 
 tance up tho Strait, when, on tho 18th of July, the general taking the gold-liners 
 with him, lauded near the spot where the ore had been picked up, but could not 
 find in the whole island "a peeco as bigge as a walnut:" But all the neighboring 
 islands are stated to have good store of the ore. On the top of a high hill about 
 two miles from the shore they made a columne or crosse of stones, heaped up of 
 a good heightli togither in good sort, and solemnly sounded a trumpet & saido 
 certaine prayers, kneeling about tiie ensigue, and honoured the place by the name 
 of Mount Warwivkc. * ♦ » 
 
Addenda to ITidVs Notes. 
 
 17 
 
 Tlioy now stood ov«'r to t\w Soutlioru shore of I'^robislior's Struil, and landed 
 on a Hinall island with the g,o\y\ iincrs to search tor ore: and here all the sands 
 and clifles did so glister, and had so bright a niarquesite, that it seemed all to he 
 golde, bnt ajton tryall made, it proved no better than bhu^k lead and verilied the 
 pi-overbe; — "all is not golde tliat glistereth." • * • 
 
 As the se.ison Wiis far advanced and the general < 'Onuiiission diret^ted liiin 
 to search for gold ore, and to defer the farther discovery of the ])assag(^ till 
 another time, thoy set abont the lading of the ships, and in the space of twenty 
 days, with th(^ help of a few gentlemen and soldiers got on board almost two 
 hinidred t<m8 of ore. On the 22d of Angnst, after making bonfn-es on tin' highest 
 mount on this island, and tiring a volley for a fan^well "in honor of the liight 
 Hon. Lady Anm>, Ckmntess of Warwicke, whose name it bearcth" th«\v set sail 
 homewards, and after a stormy passage, they all arrived safe in dilferent jKUts of 
 Great Britain, with the loss only of one man by sickness, and another who was 
 wiushed overboard. # • • 
 
 THIRD VOYAGE (irOT). 
 
 The Qneen and her court were so highly delighted "in finding that the 
 matter of the gold ore had appearance and made show of great riches and prolil, 
 and the hope of the passage to Cathaia by this last vojage greatly increased"; 
 that, after a minute examinati<Hi by Commissioners specially appointed, tlu^ voyage 
 was determined to be highly worthy of being followed up. The Queen gave the 
 name of Meta Incognita to the newly discovered country, on which it was resolved 
 to establish a colony. * # * The lleet sailed from Harwich the 31st of 
 May, 1578, and, on the 2()th of Jun«^, discovered West Friesland, which they now 
 named West England, # # » They found The Strait choked up with 
 ice, and the bark Dennis received such a blow with a rock of ice that she innne- 
 diately sank, but the people were all saved. "A violent storm now came on and 
 the whole fleet was dispersed. * # ♦ They all however arrived at 
 various ports of England about the 1st of October, with the loss by (Usath of about 
 40 persons." 
 
 ADDENDA TO HALL'S ABSTRACT. 
 
 L There will be found in "Geo. Beste's True Discourse of the late voyage 
 
 of Discoverie for the finding of a Passage to Cathaya by the North Weast under 
 
 the conduct of Martin Frobisher Generall," the statements that Frobisher, on his 
 
 first voyage, saile«l 50 miles up the waters which he took for a strait, and believed 
 
 S. Ex. 27 2 
 
18 
 
 Addenda to Hall's Notes. 
 
 1' 
 
 I, 
 
 ■ II I j 
 
 ii 
 I i 
 
 that it ext4Mide(l acrosH the continent thnmjj^h which Hhips might reacli China. 
 With Christopher llall, he climbed a high mountain, from which they saw to the 
 8outlieiust th(>. two hea<11an(l8 which marked tlie entrance to their '' Stniits." Look- 
 ing to the northwest, they saw the sea still extending to the horizon. The tides 
 and currents, too, set in from that direction ; and thus everything went to con - 
 lirm Frobisher's belief that he hi;d found another Magellan's Straits. On his Sec- 
 ond Exi)edition his lustnictions were not to push through the Strait into China 
 for the preneHt, gold l)eing the first consideration. 
 
 II. On his third voyage he found "such plenty of bhiok ore, that if the good- 
 nenn might answer the gi-eat plenty thereof it might reasonably sutfice all the gold 
 gluttons in the World." It is a well known matter of history that Frobisher loaded 
 his ships with this ore, which, on bis return to England, proved to be but a black 
 stone tilled probably with iron pyrites. It was used only for filling up the London 
 Docks, and for ballasting ships. The Merchant, Michael Lok, who had pledged 
 his means and credit for the outfits of the first and the third expedition, was 
 shut up in Fleet-street Prison and with his fifteen children hopelessly ruined. 
 
 Hall brought home some of the like stone, a small cpiantity of which, loaned 
 with other relics by the Smithsonian Institution, was included in the Arctic exhibit 
 placed for the Naval Observatory in the Government building at the late United 
 States Centennial. The ore is sometimes called Fool's Gold. 
 
 III. The author of the latest account of Frobisher's voyages says 
 of Hall : 
 
 Nearly three centuries elapsed before the Countess's Sound and Island were 
 again visited by an Anglo-Saxon, and he was an American. In 18(51-'2 Captain 
 C. F. Hall spent two years among the Eskimos. The Countess's Island he found 
 to be called Kodlunarn, or the Island of the white man. The account he received 
 from the natives of Frobisher's visits is a curious confirmation of the value of 
 tradition among savage peoples. Captain Hall had not then read any naiTative 
 of the Admiral's three voyages, and heard the tnulitions as a new and strange 
 tale, which he was not then in a position to test or correct. 
 
 He was told that the white men's ships had come, first two, then three, then 
 many. The white men had taken away two of their women, who had never come 
 back. Many fragments of brick, tiles, iron, et cetera, were shown him. Beste's 
 Bulwark was traced. The small house of lime and stone had been well built, for 
 
Addenda fo TTalFs Notes. 
 
 19 
 
 CaptAin riall fonml it after tlio three eonturie8, in a jjood Ntato of preservation. 
 Tlioy told liini also how that their ])eop!<i had captured five of tlio white men ; 
 that they litul wintered among them. Then th<^y showed him an excavation on 
 Kodlnnarn eighty-eight fe*t U>ng and six feet deep, whicli the white men hiul dng, 
 whihi on tlio shore was an int^lined trench or slip. Ilere the live captive English- 
 men, liaving dug up the buried timbers of the Fort, built a large boat, which had 
 a msuit in her, with sails. Their boat had proved to be a tloDting cotlin; for, 
 according to the natives, the Englishmen having finished their craft, set sail too 
 early in the sesuson ; some froze their hands in the attempt ; yet they had finally 
 set out, and had never been seen afterwanls. 
 
 Such was the sequel of the story of the five Englishnieu who ha<l fallen vic- 
 tims to their love of i)eUry during the first voyage of the 'Gabriel'; and thus were 
 identified the island and long sought port of the third voyage, where the first 
 English Colony was attempted on the American Continent. (Life of Martin Fro- 
 bisher, with a narrative of the Armada: llov. F. Jones. Loudon, 1878.) 
 
 IV. In the excellent "Collection of Ilistorical Tracts," made by the late Col. 
 Peter Force, of Washington, to be found in the library of the State Department, 
 may be seen the "Neues of Walter Kaleigh"; in which tract is a very curious 
 notice of Frobisher's voyages and of their influence on Thomas Cavendish, or 
 "Candish," of London, in determining him, A. D. 158G, to set out on his voyage 
 around the world. Cavendish was the second Englishman who made such si 
 voyage. Drake, in 1578, had attempted to solve the problem of the Northwest 
 Passage, reaching lat. 48° N. only on the western coast of America. 
 
I 
 
 ,; 
 
 
J^HAPTER JT. 
 
 PREPARATIONS FOR TUB VOYAGE COMPLFTFn n.r, 
 SAILS FROM NEW LONDON FOR ST JOHNS. 
 
 DECEMBER, I|J62, TO JULY. ISU. 
 
 
:| 
 
 1'! 
 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 Half, lectures for his peusonai, suppoiit axi> that op the two Eskimos— His care 
 OF these people ; death of Tuk-ee-li-kee ta — Friends gained for the Second Expe- 
 dition—Plan of an Expedition submitted by Hall, March 17, 1863, to Mr. Grin- 
 nell and U. H. Chapell, of New London, Conn. — Hall's preference for a plan 
 
 WHICH would not INCLUDE WHALING — FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES — EMBARUABSMENTS IN 
 
 forming new friendships— Determination to go out a second time, even for an 
 
 ABSENCE of TEN YEARS — EXPECTATION OF FINDING NEW WHALING GROUNDS— CORRE- 
 SPONDENCE ON THIS SUBJECT WITH MR. R. H. CHAPELL AND PROFESSOR BaCHE, SUPERIN- 
 TENDENT United States Coast Survey— Disappointment as to assistance from the 
 
 LEGISLATURE AND FROM THE NeW YORK CHAMBER OP COMMERCE— FAILURE TO OBTAIN 
 A LOAN OF INSTRUMENTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT— CARD TO THE PUBLIC, POSTPONIN(i 
 
 THE Expedition to another year— Hall resumes work on the "Arctic Re- 
 searches"— Lectures BEFORE THE I^ONG ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY — MaY, lH(i4. 
 RENEWS HIS APPEAL, INDORSED BY LEADING CITIZENS— LOANS OF INSTRUMENTS— FUEE 
 PASSAGE TENDERED BY MR. ChaPELL— HOSPITABLE RECEPITON AT NEW LONDON— SAILS 
 
 FOR St. John's. 
 
 His first expedition having secured an honorable place in history, 
 Hall now entered upon a course of lectures, chiefly with the design of 
 convincing the public of his probable success on renewing exploration; 
 but with the additional I'easons found in the necessity for securing 
 support for himself and for his two Eskimo friends. He seems to have 
 been carefully mindful of their welfare. "Everything," he wrote to 
 Captain Budington, "must be done to protect the health of these peo- 
 ple ; the assistance which I hope to receive from them on my sledge 
 trip is too important for us to relax our exertions to have them com- 
 fortable." For their benefit he accepted ofiiirs of compensation for 
 
 33 
 
24 
 
 HalTs Lectures. 
 
 theii* temporary attendunce at museums in New York and Boston ; 
 but, on learning their personal discomfort, incident to a close and heated 
 atmosphere, he followed the advice of friends in refusing his consent 
 for their presence at any other lectures than his own ; and this as more 
 consistent with the character of his work. 
 
 During the months of December, 1862, and January, 1863, lec- 
 tures in Providence, Norwich, Hartford, New Haven, Hudson, Elmira, 
 and other cities secured the attendance of large audiences. Among 
 the prominent citizens of Providence who invited him to that city 
 were Hon. H. B. Anthony, President Sears of Brown University, Hon. 
 J. R. Bartlett, Prof. J. \\ Angell, Gov. J. Y. Smith, Ex-Go v. E. Dyer, 
 and Maj W. M. Rodman. 
 
 After the Arctic lecture in Hartford, Professor Silliman indorsed 
 
 Hall's work and his proposals for a new expedition by saying, in the 
 
 Hartford Courant : 
 
 Mr. Hall possesses much knowledge not found in books, the fruits of his 
 own experience ; tlie discoveries he has made in the Polar Regions are regarded 
 l)y geographei's as of decided importance. Indeed, he did not himself realize 
 that importance until since his return after more than two years' exile. No civ- 
 ilized man has, heretofore, been able to identify himself so completely with the 
 Eskimos. Speaking their language and adopting their modes of life and of 
 voyaging, lie is enabled to reach with safety, and even with comfort, regions 
 hitl'erto deemed inaccessible. Old Martin Frobisher lias become rcdivivtia under 
 the very unexpected revelations now made. 
 
 At these conversational lectures Hall traced on his maps of the 
 localities he had visited, the tracks of the old voyagers Frobisher, 
 Davis, Baffin, and others, as well as his own late explorations. The 
 United States flag, loaned by Mr. Grinnell to the expediton of Dr. 
 Kane, and borne by him so near to the Pole, was always saluted by 
 the audience ; and the Eskimo family were objects of much interest as 
 
 i: 
 
 '=^;i 
 
Hairs Lectures. 
 
 25 
 
 among tlie first of their race who luid domiciled in the United States. 
 Too-koo-li-too showed an unexpected knowledge of the geography of 
 her country, reminding Arctic students of the native woman Iligl'mk, 
 and of her chart drawn for Parry. The lecturer himself could not 
 claim the polish or the ease of oratory, but as he handled his subject 
 with tact as well as enthusiasm, ho succeeded in secunng close atten- 
 tion on the part of the audience, and was ready to answer numerous 
 inquiries. His friends regretted that, under a general rule against all 
 pay lectures, the Smithsonian Institution could not give him the use of 
 the audience room in which Kane and Hayes had lectured, for he had 
 hoped to interest the officers of the Government at Washington, and 
 obtain an appropriation, and had been encouraged towards this by 
 prominent men. Ho seems to have been wholly unable to realize how 
 small is the circle of the liberal for scientific purposes and how nar- 
 rowed that circle was at the time by the war. He solicited the aid of 
 the Hon. Henry Wilson, of the United States Senate, to obtain an ap- 
 propriation by Congress of $25,000. 
 
 The proceeds of the lectures were by no means encouraging. He 
 had ])roof of their having secured many friends in eminent positions, 
 but as to the pecuniary gain "he was even worse off than when he 
 started out." The necessary expenses generally devoured the pro- 
 ceeds of admission fees, made low to suit the war times. Contrary to 
 the general supposition, nothing at all adequate to the support of his 
 Eskimos was ever realized from this source ; the contributions for them 
 from Mr. Grinnell, however, exceeded six hundred dollars, and other 
 generous friends not unfrequently volunteered their aid. 
 
 In despite of discouragements, Hall still pushed forward his plans, 
 publishing his first outlines of them in the columns of the Now York 
 
. li' 
 
 26 
 
 ' 
 
 Sarif/uine Hopes. 
 
 Journal of Commerce, December 3, 1862 Very probably a sanguine 
 temperament, excited sometimes by even a few strong words of sym- 
 l)athy from friends, prompted him to give unwarranted weight to such 
 words. As a picture of his feelings and of his way of recording his 
 experiences, a single extract is given from a letter written at this date : 
 
 "My heart is too full to record the happiness of a meeting to-night. 
 ]\[r. Grinnell's whole family are so deeply devoted to my renewed 
 expedition, that Mr. G. and his wife offer their son, now in the United 
 States Navy, to go with me to King William's Land, and, if need be, 
 he will contribute $10,000 to insure a research. 'There mtist be some- 
 thing more done,' he said, ' in search of Franklin's Expedition.' " "When 
 England hears of this," Hall wrote to Budington, "I would not 
 wonder if other expeditions should follow." This last expression 
 was made at a time when the English Government were adhering 
 to their final refusal for all further search. The subject was not, 
 indeed, revived in any official form until the unsuccessful proposi- 
 tions of 1865 were discussed by the Royal Geographical Society, after 
 Hall had again sailed. Had he not been sincere in his statements that 
 his object was primarily the relief of Franklin's party, he would hardly 
 have laid this stress upon the hope that other expeditions would come 
 out from England for the same object. 
 
 His private note-books and diaries are trustworthy witnesses of 
 the influences under which he brought his thoughts during this penod 
 of study and personal preparation. The following selections are taken 
 from one of these books, which contain chiefly extracts and careful ref- 
 erences to scientific authorities : 
 
 Our greatest glory consists not in never fulling, but in rising every time we 
 fall. # * » The (luestion is not the luimber of facts a man knows, but 
 how much of u tact he is himself. * * * Great personal activity at 
 
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Fnvate Notes. 
 
 27 
 
 times uiid closely se<leiitar,v and Hcvcre'y thoughtful liabitH at other tinier, arc the 
 forces by which men accompliHli notable enterprises. They mature jHans, after 
 which, with energies braced to their work, they move to the easy conquest of 
 difflculties accounted formidable. 
 
 Some of these upothej»'m8 copied from a rare volume loaned to 
 him by his friend Mr. J. D. Caldwell, of Cincinnati, are found em- 
 phasized for his own impress by being underscored almost word by 
 word ; nor did he fail to note at length in his diary the sentiments of 
 Professor Henry expressed in his communication to the Board of Re- 
 gents of the Smithsonian Institution in 1857 in regard to his discoveries 
 in electro-magnetism, that "he had freely given the results of his 
 labors to the world, expecting only in return to enjoy the consciotis- 
 ness of having added to the sum of himian happiness." He noted 
 down also the sentiment expressed by Smithson himself, that every 
 man is a valuable member of society, who by his observations, re- 
 searches, and experiments procures knowledge for men. 
 
 To the encouragements offered by more able and influential friends 
 were added those from Captain Budington and his wife, whose kindly 
 messages from their humble home in Groton, Conn., were frequent, 
 and were plainly effective on his spirits and on his labors. These at 
 this time were very arduous. On the 27th January, 1863, he wrote 
 to Budington from his quarters on Fourth street. New York, where he 
 was "near the libraries and Mr. Grinnell:" 
 
 There is such a vast amount of work on my hands that it becomes my duty 
 to ask if it is i^ossible for me to make arrangements by which you can again take 
 the Eskimos into your family. Were it not that I iiavo a book on hand, and also 
 preparation for another voyage in four mouths from now, I would not ask this. 
 
 At Elmira they had taken severe colds, and Hall found he could 
 do nothing but nurse the sick, while in addition to his cares was the 
 
28 
 
 Coftfcraice for the Second Voyafjr. 
 
 (loath of their infant Ttik-ie-li-ke-tn, born to this lOskiino coiiplo in 
 Rescue lJay,Sopteniber (5, 1861. lie records in his journal liia sym- 
 pathy with the mother, who was herself thought to bo near death, but 
 who rallied and attended her child's funeral at Groton. Tho health 
 of these people was excellent for some time after their arrival in tho 
 United States, but tho change of food and of climate began sensibly 
 to affect the " icy children of the North." 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 : I ! ' ? 
 
 
 On the 17 th March, 1863, an anxiously-awaited conference was 
 hold with iMr. Gnnnoll and Mr. R. 11. Chapell, of the house of Will- 
 iams & Haven, at which Hall presented the following first notes for 
 his second expedition: 
 
 Proposed cxj)edition to Boothia and King WiUiain's Land for the final dctermiiuition 
 of all the mysterious matters relative to Sir John Frankliii's Expedition. 
 
 I. A. vessel of about UOO tons, to be fiiruisbed and provisioned for two years 
 and six months, the same to be nnder my command. 
 
 II. This vessel to be fitted ont for whaling, the object being to have tho 
 wliole expense of the expedition paid by the proceeds of wliale bone and oil. 
 
 III. This vessel to go on or before the 1st of June of the present year, to 
 make direct for the north side (near tho entrance of Frobisher's Kay), there to 
 take aboard three or four Eskimos, with their wives, also sledges and dogs; then 
 to make ibr Hudson's Str.ait ; thence to Iludson's Bay, west side, south of South- 
 ampton Island ; thence up the channel of Sir Thomas Howe's Welcome to Itepulse 
 Day. 
 
 IV. If whales arc found on the way, to secure as many as possible, yet no 
 further delay to be allowed rhan will admit of getting into Repulse Bay by or on 
 the 1st of September of the same year as starting. 
 
 V. If it is judged advisable under certain contingencies for the vessel to pro- 
 ceed at once to other whale grounds than that of Repulse Bay, she must do so 
 after having landed me and my special party and outfit for land service, to wit, 
 for my expedition from Repulse Bay to King William's Land. 
 
 VI. Three men from the States to be my special party, to wit: Walter Grin- 
 nell, of Now York; Frank Rogers, of New London, Conn., and William Sterry, 
 
Platis Submit ted 
 
 29 
 
 of fJrotoii, of tlio same State; also, to be of tlio same special party, tlie Kskiiiios 
 Kbiorbiiij,' and Tookoo-li-too, whom 1 l>r(ni(;:lit to ihi- Htates, tin- latter to be my 
 interpreter. 
 
 VII. Sterry and a i)art of the natives I take from Frobi.slier's Bay, to be left 
 at the head of He])nlse Hay, in eharfje of a depot of provisions to be established 
 there. Furthermore, the duty of Sterry and the natives to iiunt and capture 
 seals and walrus, and barter with the natives around I!e])ulse Hay for walrus 
 ivory, Polar bear, fox, wolf, and other skins, for the benelit «tf all eoncierniul. 
 
 VIIT. A cheap frame house, to be constructed (portable) here in the States, 
 the same to b(^ landed at Keimlse l>ay, and to be used there for storinjf provisions 
 therein, and also as a residence and for head(piarters. (Sucih houses are now 
 used by whalers in Northund)erland Inlet. 
 
 IX. Providiiuf such an eino'ficvcij drive that I sliuuhl he oMujeit to retreat from 
 iJoothia and Kinj;- William's Land and seek provisions, and also for a )>lace to 
 recruit, I should be certain of tinding' the same at all times at Itepulse l>aydei)ot. 
 
 X. Occasionally to send an Eskimo friend, with sledj^-e drawn l)y doj^s, from 
 Loothia and Kiuj; William's Land t(» headquarters at l{epu!se Uay for anything 
 that 1 might require. Without doubt 1 shall have occasion to send to lJe])ulse 
 Bay many i)ackages of relics I may lind of Sir John l-'ranklin's Expedition. If I 
 have the great good fortune U) discover the Shii)s Erebus and Terror's i)apers, it 
 will be my duty to accompany the same in their transport to liejadse Bay. After 
 securiiui these as treasures ofvntold value to the civilized world, 1 am then to return 
 to King William's Land and Boothia and ])rosecute the search. Should I be still 
 more fortxniate, and should I tiud living anu)Ug the Eskimos one or several of 
 Sir John Franklin's men, my heart, overwhelming with unsjieakable Joy, will 
 direct me then and there what is best to be done. 
 
 XI. Provisions of the most condensed character, such as pemmican, Bor- 
 den meat, biscuit, desiccated meat, and vegetables, to be provided for the Ilepulse 
 Bay depot ; also, a jtroper quality of Hour, sea-bread, amnnniition, guns, astronom- 
 ical and other instruments, medicines, clothing, a Ilaklet boat, &c., &(%, including 
 proper articles for bartming with the natives and for (iompeiisating the services I 
 may require of them ; pei'hai)s it may be well to add wood and coal to these 
 articles, the same to be used as fuel at Ilepulse Bay headquarters. 
 
 XII. By establishing headquarters at liepulse Bay as indicated above, hav- 
 ing there a whale-boat strongly coustracted, and having there also Frobisher Bay 
 Eskimos, there need to he no hinderance to the force employed on the vessel from prose- 
 cuting to the fullest extent that branch of the expedition, to wit, whaling. 
 
30 
 
 Plans Suhmitird. 
 
 W 
 
 XIII. Rliould such sucroHH bo met with that tlio v(>hh«'1 bocoiiion filled with 
 whahtoil iiiul lion» boforu I have. <>(>iii|>l(^t(>(l iii,v icHoarcli for th(^ obJ('(;t aiul at tho 
 jmiiit dcHiyiu'd, tho saiiu) to bo rosliippod by HOino other vomhoI to tho StatoH, or 
 tho voHHol to bo Hont liomo, taking; \i\o\\\i my dlspatchj's and such n^lics a.s \ may 
 have rocovored ; said vossol to sail from tho StatCH the folh)wiiiK Hpriny for 
 Jtepnlso Bay. 
 
 XIV. The wliohi expenses of tho expedition to bo ])aid from tlie proceeds 
 of the whaliii;; braneli, providing tho amount warrants it. 
 
 XV. Tho expenses of the research department to bo inchidcd in tho first 
 cost of the vessel, outfit, &<;. 
 
 XVI. This expedition to bo known as "The Franklin Research Expedition"; 
 the minor details of it only to l)o understood by tho ])artio8 moat deeply interested. 
 
 XVII. By havin;^ a boat's crow at llopulse Bay head(|uartors shore-whal- 
 ing could be prosecuted. One boat's crow might bo made up of tho natives. Tho 
 policy of adopthig this scheme could be determined on ac(piiiing information of 
 the natives at Repulse Bay whether or not it is a goo<l whaling ground. 
 
 Mr. Grinnell and Mr. Chapell approved the general ideas pre- 
 sented in this plan. It will be observed, however, that the returns for 
 the proposed outlay were to be looked for from successful adventure 
 in whaling, in which feature Hall was encouraged to place confidence 
 by conversations held a short time previously with his friends in New 
 London. The outlay would involve the sum of $20,000, and the first 
 ideas entertained at the meeting just named, limited the contributions 
 for this object chiefly to the generous co-operation of Mr. Grinnell, 
 Messrs. Williams & Haven, and Mr. Chapell. Notwithstanding their 
 unquestionable sincerity and their mutual confidence in Hall, of whom 
 Mr. Grinnell, at this meeting, said, " He is the man of all the world to 
 be sent forth on the mission to solve the mysteries enshrouding the 
 fate of Franklin's men," it could hardly be expected that these enthu- 
 siastic hopes of immediate equipment could be realized. Mr. Grinnell 
 had spent between £20,000 and £30,000 on the Franklin Relief Expe- 
 ditions, and had already met with commercial reverses during the war, 
 
Hall will ffo Alnnv if he Must. 
 
 .*n 
 
 anioimtinfj^, Jit tluit diitc, it i« l)oliovc(l, to nearly iisrjOO.MOO It was no 
 time for eitlier of tho commercial houses t«) take risks. 
 
 Ton (lays later, Hall drew up in detail six now plans, differing in 
 their estimates and in the question whether tho vessel of tho expedi- 
 tion should bo employed in whalinj^ or in exjdoration only. On tho 
 first of these, which contemplated exclusively tho search for Franklin's 
 party and the object of ^ideographical discovery, ho indorsed, " If 
 there were a possibility of raisinj^ tho amount of !iS20,000 involved in 
 this plan, it should bo accepted and carried out"; on the second, which 
 he called "The Combination Kesearch and Whaling- lOxpedition", he 
 indorsed, "Taking into consideration all the circumstances of tho 
 times, I believe this the most feasible.''' He strongly expressed him- 
 self, however, as unwillingly converted to tho idea of the second plan, 
 considering it distasteful to unite the object of whaling with ih.^ search 
 for Sir John Franklin's party. 
 
 Submitting the first plan to Mr. Grinnell as one to be exclusively 
 in his name and at his cost. Hall received the unavoidable reply that 
 he did not feel that his means would justify his investing the amount 
 indicated. 
 
 The four last propositions dispensed with tho idea of providing a 
 special vessel, and differed within themselves chiefly in regard to the 
 immbers of the party who might go out in a whaler. Among many 
 oflt'ors from those who proposed to share his voyage, was one from Mr. 
 Washington Peale, an artist of New York, whom Hall would gladly 
 have had to accompany him. The sixth memorandum, which he 
 called his "Last Alternative", provided for his going out alone m a 
 whaler and being landed wherever the natives should bo met with, to 
 
32 
 
 HaWs Ability and Industry. 
 
 -' '■ w< 
 
 U^ 
 
 jil I 
 
 make his waj' as best ho could to Re})ulse May and thence to Boothia 
 and King WilHam's Land. 
 
 His journal entiy about this date, made after a series of disaj)- 
 pointments during the day, has the significant paragraph: "Again! 
 may say the want of luster on my habiliments precludes me from in- 
 terviews with those from whom I would gain knowledge ; not so of 
 Mr. Grinnell ; he knows I am poor, and yet he always treats me as if I 
 were rich." It may here be noted that while Hall made like honorable 
 exceptions in connection with the names of other generous friends, 
 there is o'.'idence that his scanty means at times produced the errone- 
 ous impression on the minds of some that he was an ignorant person. 
 He felt the lack of what, he says, makes men worthy of respect in the 
 eyes of many. 
 
 But although lacking in the culture that a collegiate course for 
 which ho had been prepared would have conferred, Hall had the 
 advantages of a New England academic education, built upon the 
 (pialities of strong common sense, industry, and perseverance, and 
 these had fitted him to grasp the subject he was pursuing. It ought 
 further to be said that the ship ca))tain with whom he sailed on his first 
 voyage, unhesitatingly declared that ho had made himself a fair navi- 
 gator on the outward course, having availed himself of what opportu- 
 nities he could command for receiving practical instruction in New 
 York before sailing. On his return he had presented to Mr. J. Inger- 
 soll Bowditch the corrections of a number of typographical and other 
 errors in "The Navigator," which were adopted in the subsequent edi- 
 tions, in regard to which corrections he had replied to an inquiry from 
 Mr. G. W. Blunt by saying that " he had made them while working 
 through 13o\vditch during a winter in the igloos." For reposing con- 
 
Inquiries as to Whaling. 
 
 3li 
 
 fidence in his plans, liis friends, therefore, had reasons at this time 
 seemingly as solid as those which, at a later date, prompted the 
 learned members of the National Academy of Sciences to say in their 
 instructions for the Polaris Expedition — 
 
 >Vo have, however, full conlideuce not ouly in the ability of Captain Ilall 
 and his Naval associates to make important additions to the geography of the 
 rolai- ] legions, but also in his interest in science and his determination to do all 
 in his power to assist in determining the scientific operations. 
 
 If he was enthusiastic in the extreme, there was some method 
 
 in his enthusiasm. It marks a strongly determined purpose that he 
 
 should write in his private journal, in connection with his feelings as 
 
 quoted above — 
 
 I may record my opinion that I cannot succeed in getting tlie necessaiy co- 
 operation of my countrymen to carry out my i)roposed expedition. Ood only 
 knows my struggles. But, single handed and alone, I will yet accomplish my 
 purpose — for I know it is a just and noble one — or die in attemi)ting it. I will, 
 if possible, get pa..oage for myself, Ebierbing, and Too-koo-li-too in June next to 
 Frobisher I5aj'. By degrees I will push northward and westward till I reach 
 Ig-loolik, and thence to llepulse Bay, and in time to Boothia and King William's 
 Land, the Meta of my aspirations. By this route it will take me three years to 
 to reach Jving William's Land, three years to return — in all I shall expect to be 
 absent ten years. 
 
 His two cherished objects were to be as steadily pursued if he went 
 alone as they could be were he fully equipped; and he was encouraged 
 in the idea of securing substantial benefits to American whaling inter- 
 ests by the replies received from New London, then vigorously pursu- 
 *ng that branch of industiy. His inquiries of the whaling firms of that 
 city had been in relation to the value of the whale oil and bone 
 brought home in American ships from Davis Straits, Northumberland 
 
 Inlet, and Hudson's Bay. 
 S. Ex. 27 3 
 
■f: S| 
 
 't ^11 
 
 34 Correspondence as to Wlmlinfj. 
 
 Writing to Mr. R. II. ChapcU, he said : 
 
 You know the valne of exploring expeditions, how they opened up the 
 Spitzbergcn whale-fishery, and those of Davis Strait, BafTin's Bay, and Hudson's 
 Bay. I am gi-eatly in hopes of demonstrating to yon on my proposed expedition 
 that a channel exists north of Hudson's Strait and running eastwardly from Fox 
 Channel, which will be found to abound in whales, and through this channel an 
 American passage to Hudson's Bay will be ibund, the right to which England 
 can never question. The great area of our commerce should not be allowed to 
 go down. 
 
 He received the following reply : 
 
 You ask of me some information relative to the important and growing 
 branch of the whale-fishery now prosecuted by American vessels in the waters 
 west of Greenland and Baffin's Bay. Within the last six years this new ground 
 has opened up a new and fruitful field for the enteri)rise of our hardy seamen. 
 From 1840 to 1852 but one American vessel fished in these waters. She made 
 six voyages, taking in all about 3,500 barrels of oil and 51,000 poiuids of bone ; 
 and from 1853 to 1858 five different vessels returned from these waters bringing 
 75,000 barrels of oil and 115,000 poumls of bone, worth $130,000. 
 
 Owing to the dangers of ice navigation and want of knowledge of the coun- 
 try, the business on the whole had not to this time been profitable to those who 
 prosecuted it. Since 1859 more energy has been displayed and greater risks 
 incurred in following this trade. In 1860, two fine ships were fitted out from 
 Fair Haven, Mass., at a large cost, for the exi^ress puri)Ose of pushing still far- 
 ther west toward Fox's Channel or Hudson's Bay, where no American vessel had 
 ever been, in search of a new and better whaling ground. 
 
 Without accurate charts, in waters totally unknown, among much ice and 
 strong currents, in short days and long nights, in fogs and gales of wind, with 
 large compass variations, these jwlventurous navigators pushed their way and 
 reached the longitude of 90° west, spent a winter there, when the thermom- 
 eter fell to 00° below zero, obtained cargoes worth some $00,000, and returned 
 to the United States in 1801. 
 
 At the present time there are fourteen American vessels engaged in whaling 
 in these waters. Seven of these have passed the last winter there, and will bo 
 expected home the coming fall with cargoes worth nearly $400,000. 
 
 In the prosecution of tins business we need, very nuich, good charts. The 
 
 i I 
 
 I 
 
Correspondence with Professor BacJie. 
 
 35 
 
 best I have ever seen were drawn by some of the intelligent Eskimos,* to 
 whom the ships are often indebted for acts of humanity and kindness. The latest 
 English charts and the reports of the Eskimos say that a new channel can be 
 found leading from Baffin's Bay to "Fox's Furthest"; could this be proved by act- 
 ual ])as8ago it would be of great use to oui' ships. I wish you every success in 
 your i)roposed voyage, and liave no doubt that it will redound to the advance- 
 njent of business interest of our merchants and the enterprise of our people. 
 Verj^ truly, yours, 
 
 R. n. CHAPELL. 
 
 Contemplating a lengthened residence in the localities visited by 
 the whalers. Hall expressed his purpose to reach all such as would 
 appear to be promising for the extension of the whaling interests. 
 
 How near at this date he sanguinely supposed himself to have 
 
 arrived towards the maturity of his arrangements for setting out, may 
 
 be learned from the letter which follows. It was addressed to one 
 
 who had more than once expressed much interest in his plans, Prof. 
 
 A. D. Bache, the distinguished Superintendent of the United States 
 
 Coast Survey : 
 
 June 5, 1863. 
 
 Dear Sir; Your favor of May 22d was duly received. I have tran- 
 scribed a few lines from it : " If you will give a brief outline of your plan and 
 state what observations you intend to nuike, and what instruments you have not, 
 I will try as an individual to aid you, and I think that Professor Henry will do 
 so too." 
 
 In reply to this I will say : It is now arrsinged that I leave the port of New 
 York on or about the 1st of July next, in a vessel of one hundred tons, the vessel 
 specially selected and strengthened for ice navigation. On reaching the north 
 side of Bay of Frobisher, lat. 62° 33' N., long. 05° 00' W., I take aboard four (4) 
 atlditional Eskimos (I have now two (2) with me). These Eskimos are to be my 
 
 *For some sketches of coast lino drawn l)y Eskimos for Hall, sec chapters xii to xiv, 
 ISOCPCa. For statistics of the whale-lishery of the region referred to, see Report of Prof. S. P. 
 Baird, IT. S. Fish Conmiissioner, for 187.5-76, and U. 8. Consul McDongall's tabular statements, 
 Appendix No. VIII of this Narrative. 
 
36 
 
 Correspondence with Professor Baclie. 
 
 auxiliaries in connection with the few whites that go to make up my ship's 
 com])any. 
 
 From Frobisher's Bay I drop down to Hudson's Strait, and sail westerly 
 and northerly to the meridian of 72° west of Greenland, north side of said strait, 
 and here commence explorations, getting data for filling up the now blank on the 
 English and American charts between the meridian named and 75° west longitude. 
 Between these meridians I shall find an extensive inlet trending north. This 
 discovery will prove of great value to our commerce, as this inlet abounds with 
 whales of the Mysticetus kind. I gained the information relative to this bay and 
 its inhabitants from the Eskimos I met when exploring the so-called Frobisher 
 Straits, which, you know, I determined to be a bay. 
 
 This part of the coast completed, I pass to Fox Channel. On arriving to 
 "Fox's Furthest," lat. 00° 50' N., commence exploration and continue it to the 
 Strait of Fury and Hecla. From Eskimo reports, I shall find a strait of great 
 importance, for it is wide and abounding with some species of whales referred to. 
 This strait connects Fox's Channel with Davis' Strait. 
 
 If I find the Strait of Fury and Hecla navigable (that is, clear of ice) shall 
 push through it for Gulf of Boothia, and then turn to the north, exploring the 
 west coast of Cockburn Island to the parallel of Bellot Strait. Having made 
 the passage to and through the latter-named strait, shall turn to the south, coast- 
 ing along the west side of Boothia Peninsula till I arrive to the latitude of King 
 William's Land, the latter being the point of my destination. 
 
 On completing my investigations here and on the Isthmus of Boothia Felix, 
 
 relative to Sir John Franklin's Expedition, I shall make my way for Behring's 
 
 Strait by way of the Straits of James 0. Koss, Dease and Simpson, Dolphin and 
 
 Union. If I am not able to penetrate through the Strait of Fury & Hecla, shall 
 
 turn to the south to Repulse Bay, drop anchor, and establish headquarters ; then 
 
 from this point, by means of dogs and sledges, and the aid of Eskimos, shall 
 
 make joui-neys to Boothia Isthmus and King William's Land. The voyage I pro- 
 
 l)ose to make mil extend over three years. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 C. F. HALL. 
 
 The sanguine hopes expressed in this letter were, however, again to 
 bo disappointed. It is unnecessary to detail the continued embarrass- 
 ments and rebuffs which brought this result; they had nearly culmi- 
 nated when Hall made the journal entries which have been quoted. 
 
JJiaappointments 
 
 37 
 
 ill 
 Yen 
 
 Ito 
 
 is- 
 
 His insurmountable difficulties at the time may be referred to in brief 
 as these : 
 
 Although, at the instance of Judge Daly and of Mr. Waddell, the 
 secretary of the American Geographical Society, its council had made 
 two efforts to hold a conference with the Chamber of Commerce of 
 New York to indorse the plans referred to, and secure pecuniary assist- 
 ance for them, it was found impossible to get together a quorum of 
 the Chamber for a hearing. A second disappointment was met with 
 in the failure to secure, either from the Navy Department or from the 
 Smithsonian Institution, the loan of instruments for the expedition. 
 The Navy Department did not feel authorized to loan the public 
 property for use by a private expedition. The Smithsonian regretted 
 that the magnetic apparatus furnished to Dr. Kane had been after- 
 ward lost in Mexico; and in communicating this information added 
 that "scarcely any results could be obtained, unless some one properly 
 educated for the business of observation should devote his whole time 
 to the instruments." The Institution inquired at considerable length 
 whether Hall would not find it in his power to make extensive col- 
 lections in natural history, as it possessed but little on that subject from 
 Nortlujastern America. 
 
 Hoping for assistance by a grant from the Chamber of Conmierce 
 or by the City Council of New York, and encouraged by some dona- 
 tions. Hall had anchored at the wharves of the city, on the same day. 
 The Active, a schooner offered at a low price by his New London 
 friends, and a yacht, presented by Capt IT. Robinson, of Newburg, 
 N. Y., for the strengthening of which latter vessel lumber had been 
 also contributed in Newburg, and a further most generous offer had 
 been made for its e(iui|)uuMit by Messrs I'oillou, (»f New York, lie 
 
38 
 
 Card Issued. 
 
 had also made an arrangement with Messrs. Ilaiper, the generous piib- 
 lisherss jf his forthcoming "Researches," by which he had leave to post- 
 pone further work upon the volume until his return from his proposed 
 voyage 
 
 Biit the local embarrassments and the excitement growing out of 
 the opposition to the enforcement of the Registration act, passed to 
 secure the necessary enlistments of soldiery for the existing war, appear 
 to have entirely withdrawn attention from all subjects of less moment 
 than the engrossing war-topics, and to have closed off the increase of 
 private contributions. Hall had met more than one citizen able and 
 willing to put good wishes into the form of that practical aid for which 
 New York is well noted; but they were restrained by such feelings as 
 Horace Greeley expressed in strong terms when he said to him, "No 
 other idea should now be entertained by any man who loves his coun- 
 try except crushing the rebellion; when that is accomplished one might 
 take hold of an Arctic exj)edition." The New London schooner was, 
 therefore, returned to her owners, and the yacht Victoria, with the 
 lumber contributed by Mr. John Biglow, was sold, that its proceeds 
 might be invested for use during the next available season. The 
 time necessary for preparing an expedition for the year 18G3 having 
 now passed away. Hall, thus hopelessly hemmed in by obstacles 
 as insurmountable as the ice-masses he had left two years before, 
 devoted himself laboriously to the completion of his book, and issued 
 
 the following card : 
 
 New York, July 10, 18G3. 
 To my Countrymen : 
 
 Wliilo on my Arctic, voyjige of 18G()-'()l-'02, 1 ]>Ianne<l auother expedition for 
 
 1S63. On returning- to the States last September (1SG2) I stopped at St. John's, 
 
 Newfoundland, and there first learned that my country was engaged in war. At 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 'I 
 
The Expedition Postponed to 18^4. 
 
 39 
 
 once I felt there could be but slight hope of rosuiiiiiiy luy Arctic explorations at 
 the time proposed. Arriving in the States, and spending a few weeks among 
 friends devoted to Arctic explorations, I carac to the conclusion to spare no exer- 
 tions in preparing for my second expedition to the Arctic Seas. In my struggle 
 to make the proper preparations I have labored long and perseveringly, the 
 results ofttimes appearing hopeful of my ultimate success. 1 need only to refer 
 to the stupendous obstacle (the American war) that has been constantly before me 
 during all my labors; for the subject is absorbing the attention of the whole civil- 
 ized world. I deeply regret to say that, owing to the want of sufficient means and 
 the lateness of the season, I am now compelled to postpone my expedition till 
 next year. In the mean time I shall proceed to prepare my narrative of my late 
 voyage (18G()-'(il-'Gli) for publication, and at the same time take such steps as will 
 insure the necessary aid for my expedition to the Arctic Kegious, now postponed 
 to the spring of 1864. 
 
 Hall's feelings in regard to the labor called for upon his book will 
 be learned from a single expression in a letter of October 20, 1863: 
 "I have been deeply engaged for weeks and months upon my chart, 
 and yet am not done with it. I had rather make a dozen voj^ages to 
 the regions of ice and snow than prepare one book for publication. I 
 fear that months will be used up before I get tlu'ough with my 
 book"; — words which may recall a like saying accredited to Dr. 
 Livingston, that he would rather again cross Africa than write his 
 Expedition to the Zambesi. Kane, too, had said that the writing of 
 his book was his coffin. Close application was, however, given to the 
 " Researches." It was all that Hall could accomplish during the year. 
 
 In the early part of the spring of 1 864 direct efforts were renewed, 
 but an application made to the legislature of the State of New York 
 for an appropriation of $25,000 and an appeal to the Council of the 
 city were alike unsuccessful. On the 5th of Ma}', by invitation of Rev. 
 Dr. R. Storrs, President of the Long Island Historical Society, Hall 
 
'Tf 
 
 40 
 
 Aijpeal Renewed hy Friends. 
 
 
 gave a conversationul lecture on his Arctic experiences and his pro})08i- 
 tion for a now expedition. The Eskimo family were present in their 
 Arctic costume. The repetition of the invitation to lecture shows that 
 the vote of thanks passed by the Society was designed to be more than 
 a mere conformity to usage. 
 
 Subscriptions soon after this began to be offered, and the follow- 
 ing card appeared in the leading newspapers of the city : 
 
 TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 Ciipt. C. F. Ilall, wlio twenty iiioiitlis «[•') returned from a two years luid 
 four months' exploration of the Arctic llegit-n, intends to set sail on the 15th of 
 June for another and more thoroufih voyage of discovery. During his former 
 voyage lie lived among the Eskimos, jic(iuired their language, and satisfled hiai- 
 self that he can live with these i)eoi)lc in safety and health. He is prepared as no 
 other explorer has been before him for making a thorough investigation of the 
 important portion of Arctic land and water to which he proposes to devote 
 himself. 
 
 This region still holds an important portion of the secret of the ill-fated 
 Franklin Expedition, which our countryman confidently expects to lay bare. It 
 is, moreover, of value to our whaling and sealing interests, and the reports on its 
 natural history will possess scientific value. These considerations, which have led 
 him to devote the best years of his life to Arctic research, induce also those whose 
 names are appended to this notice to ask their fellow-citizens to join them in pro- 
 curing ff»r the brave explorer such an outfit as shall set him fairly on his way, and 
 enable him to perlbrm thoroughly the task which he has set for himself. Our 
 countrymen have won an honorable fame by their courage and endurance in Arc- 
 tic research. It is, therefore, not fit that one who has already shown such perse- 
 verance, fortitude, and ingenuity in his previous voyage as Captaiu Hall has done, 
 shall be permitted to leave our shores lacking anything which can further his 
 laudable object. The proposed exploration has enlisted the sympathies of our 
 most prominent scientific men, especially geographers, as well as entei'prising 
 whaling linns. It should be understood that Ca])tain Hall takes with him no 
 sailing-vessel, but on arriving at the scone of his labors will leave the ship which 
 bears him there, and trust to the hospitality of the Eskimos. 
 
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 41 
 
 IIo iH^liovcs Hint tlio iU!<|uiMitinii of the loj,', clmrt, and scicntifU! tlocunu'tits 
 of tlm Frimkliii Kxiwditioii, \vlii<'li lie hopi's to fliul, will he of fji'^'iit itniMtrtiiiice; 
 Hint i>rol»iil»l,v tlu' iiioMt t'xti'iisive sciioH of ol>H(>rviitioiis on t«'iT«'.Htrial iiiiiy;ii»'tism 
 liatl Im'cii iiiiult' Ity tin' t'.\|M'(litioii hrforo tlu\y iibiuidoiu'd their .sliips. Ihi expects 
 to return in id»oul three years. 
 
 In orih'r to eonijih'te tiie out lit, a .sum of about lit.'M'OO is yet re<iuiied, an»l 
 while it is Captain Hall's intention to sail at any rate, whether thoroughly fitted 
 ««• not, it is hoped that our i»ul)lic-spirited citizens will not i)eriiut this intrettid 
 explorer to de])art from our city lackinj;' anything' which can help to pn'serve his 
 life or enable him to perfect his ex])I(>rations in the inhospitable rej;ions to which 
 ho is bound. 
 
 8ubscri))tions in money, or donations in kind of supplies, or ^^oods for the 
 expedition, may bo handed to any «)f the nndersij^ned, who will see that thi-y aro 
 pr»»pcrly applied in aid of this praiseworthy enterprise. 
 
 J. CAKSON BKEVOOKT. 
 
 JAMES w. ]u:ekman. 
 
 A. W. lUTKU. 
 IIENItY GKINNELL. 
 
 B. & G. W. 1]li;nt. 
 JOHN AUSTIN STKVENS. 
 
 The press of the city of New York in strong language indorsed 
 this appeal, and public sentiment began to show itself, more cordially 
 and favorably. Under the influence of the names cited, and of those 
 of other citizens of high standing, such as Cyrus W. Field, Peter 
 Cooper, Angustus Ward, Prof R. S. Newton, and j\[arshall Lefferts, 
 some liberal collections of moneys were secured, sufficient to com- 
 plete a moderate outfit. 
 
 The U. S. Coast Survey Office contributed the loan of a sextant 
 and a dip circle. The nautical and mathematical instrument makers, 
 Messrs. Negus, Stackpole & Brother, Bliss & Co., Tagliabue, Eggert 
 & Son, and Pike & Son, very cordially supplemented the list by dona- 
 tions; while other merchants as readily resjionded, accompanying their 
 
'■ 4 
 
 ii 
 
 42 
 
 A Free Passage Offered. 
 
 contributions with pleasant words, and tendering to Hall the oppor- 
 tunity of his own selection from their stock. 
 
 Mr. R. H. Chapell, of New London, already quoted as Hall's firm 
 friend, now cordially offered to him a free passage in his whaling brig 
 Monticello, which expected to sail for Hudson's Bay about the 15th of 
 June. In 18*>0, Mr. Chapell was in the employ of Messrs. Williams & 
 Haven, when that firm so generously assisted Hall by their gift of a 
 free passage in the George Henry. He was now a shipping merchant 
 on his own account. In forwarding his offer to Hall, he wrote, "I shall 
 make no charge or receive any compensation from you for the passage 
 of yourself and Eskimo friends in the Monticello, appreciating your 
 zeal in a good cause, and being much interested personally in all that 
 pertains to the icy regions." In this connection it is proper to state 
 also, from personal testimony of the masters of the whalers belonging 
 to these New London firms, that their contributions were by no means 
 limited to the matter of free passage. Throughout both of Hall's expe- 
 ditions these vessels, which had their fishing stations and also win- 
 tered near him, frequently supplied hip iH cessities, in accordance with 
 the expressed or well-known wishes oi t leir employers. They also 
 took out, gratuitously, supplies sent by Mr. Grinnell and others. 
 
 '*! 
 
 Hall was now ready to sail. On the 30th of June, accompanied 
 by Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too, he an'ived at New London, and was 
 cordially received by its citizens, the proprietor of its chief hotel, with 
 others, extending him full hospitalities. Embarking on the Monticello 
 on the following day, the party were watched by hundreds of people 
 as the ship went down the harbor, and were cheered by the United 
 States gunboats, lasco and Marblehead, wliose riggings were manned 
 
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The Farewell at New London. 43 
 
 and flags clipped. The Monticello, under the command of Capt. E. 
 A. Chapel, of Hudson, N. Y., was a staunch whaler of 35G tons regis- 
 ter, engaged in the whaling business from the date of her beiuL' 
 launched, 1842 ; she carried four large boats, besides her spare-boats 
 and Hall's Expedition whale-boat. She was accompanied by the 
 Tender, Helen F., a craft of about 100 tons, carrying two boats. 
 
 Those who bade Hall farewell at this hour of his second departure 
 from home for the execution of his long-cherished purposes, when they 
 left him on their return to the harbor, made this record, "He is full 
 of hope, never desponding ; has firm trust in Him who doeth all things 
 well, and is marked for his steady perseverance and integrity ; prompt, 
 truthful, and of undoubted reliability, he readily makes friends by his 
 whole-souledness, and those who meet him once are happy to renew 
 the acquaintance." 
 
 Hall's own feelings are tersely expressed in a letter written on 
 board the Monticello, July 13, when nearing the port of St. John's. 
 He wrote : 
 
 I have now a work before me that might make some shudder to undertake. 
 It is a great undertaking for one man, I will confess ; but, having once put myself 
 in the course, I must and will persevere. I hope by the aid of neavcn to succeed, 
 and at the end of three years I shall return to my friends, who may rejoice that 
 they withheld not in the time of my great need. During the passage to this port 
 I have felt little like work, for I may say it has been the first resting spell T have 
 had for years. 
 
 His correspondence was closed by the corrections of the last 
 proof-sheets of his volume on the researches of 1 860-'62, the preface 
 to which was dated on board the Monticello. His acknowledgments 
 were again gratefully tendered to Messrs. Harper, who at the time 
 when he had supposed li aself ready to return to the Noith, had 
 
44 
 
 Donations Acknowledged. 
 
 consented to the suspension of the work, although advance payments 
 had been made* Under the advice of a firm friend, Mr. C. NordhoflP, 
 then one of the editors of the New York Evening Post, Rev. O. H. 
 Button had assisted in its completion. 
 
 * A list of the douatiuim received in New York and New Loudon was also sent from tlio 
 Monticello to tbo New York press, as follows : 
 
 Donaiiong from A'ew York. — Peter Cooper, condensed provisions ; G. C. Baker, nautical in- 
 struiucuts ; H. S. Kackot & Son, transportation of powder free to New London on board tlio 
 schooner Dr. Franklin, 8. J. Geer, master; H. Dalley, pain extractors; R. Keith & Co., concen- 
 trated medicines; Miles & Holnian, hominy, samp, split pease, farina, &c. ; Knox, hats; D. C. 
 Morehead, M. D,, magnetic plasters; W. 8. Moldrum, sugar; G. F. Nesbit, binding journal and 
 books for the Arctic Expedition; Reynolds, Pratt & Co., chamois skins, &c. ; T. F. Brett, seine, 
 twine, &c. ; Letoumeur & Co., pure licjuors; Philip Dator & Co., groceries; Colgate & Co., 
 soap; B. 8. Osbom, sundries; G. P. Philes & Co., "Coat's Geography of Hudson's Bay," a rare 
 and valuable work ; Adams Express Company, kindness of John Hoey, who sent everything 
 free from New York to New Loudon; Guiseppo Tagliabue, barometer aii<l thermometer maker; 
 The Hazard Powder Company; M. P. Brown, importer of beads; W. C. Marshall, condensed 
 meats; Prof. R. 8. Newton, M. D., medical stores and surgical instruments; H. W. Hunter, night 
 compasses, «fcc. ; Thomas H. Bate & Co., fish-hooks; The New York Lead Company, Thomas Otis 
 Lo Roy Lead Company, and McCullough Lead Company, shot and balls ; American Desiccating 
 Compauy ; D. Eggert & 8on, chronometer manufacturers ; Benjamin Pike & Son, astronomical 
 instrument nuikers ; The American Bank Note Company, journal books of bank-note pai)er and 
 anti-freezing iuk ; Samuel L. Mitchell, desiccated vegetables; George C. Hubbell & Co., golden 
 bitters; F. L. Kneeland, Dupont's gunpowder; Lamson & Goodnow, cutlerj-; J, H. Brower, 
 Borden meat-biscuit; Stackpole & Brother, nautical instruments; Barton, Alexander & Waller, 
 percussion caps, &c. ; Auniu & Co., flags; McKesson & Robbins, drugs and medicines; Tomes & 
 Sons & Melvain, importers of guns; Theodore Polhemus, jr., & Co., dealers in cotton sail duck; 
 John Bliss & Co., manufacturers and dealers in nautical instruments; J, & J, C. Conroy, dealers 
 iu nets ; A. A. Low & Brothers, importers of tea; James M. Dietz, lamp nuinufacturers ; Thomas 
 L. Negus & Co,, chronometer and nautical instruments; Goodyear's India Rubber Company, 
 India-rubber goods; O. B. Gray, India-rnbber goods; E. & G. W. Blunt, nautical instruments, 
 charts, &c. ; Conolly & Co., wholesale tobacco dealers; Augustus H. Ward, an order on Tiffany 
 & Co. for a first-class pocket chronometer; telegraph, express, steamboat, and railroad comx)anioH 
 for the freedom of their liucs. 
 
 Donations from Kcic London. — F. L. AUeu, drugs, &c. ; D. B. Hempstead, fancy articles and 
 jewelry; Sheppard Sc Harris, clothing; Harris, Williams & Co., hardware; Smith & Grace, tin- 
 ware ; Anson Chace, gun-materials ; N. D. Smith, stationery ; H. P. Freeman, proprietor of tho 
 Metropolitan Hotel, hospitalitios. 
 
 \\ \ 
 
p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 JJJ- 
 
 FROM ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, TO WINTER QUAR- 
 TERS ON THE WELCOME. 
 
 JULY 18 TO OCTOBER 1, 1864. 
 
 4ri 
 
a. 
 
 H 
 
CHAPTER Til. 
 
 ARRIVAL AT ST. JOHK'S, NEWFOUNDLAND-DKPAnT.nK FOR HUDSON'S HaY-PaSSAOK TnROUGH 
 THF^STUAITS-ExciTmo CAPTURE OF TWO POLAR BEAR8-T,„0 MONTICEM.O LANDS IIaLI, 
 
 tL Tl"'" r' '""^ r'""-" ^''^ ^"^"=«-A WmrE MAN „.RTOD FROM THE WHALERS- 
 Thk HkLEN 1. TAKES HaLL's PARTY TOWARD THE WaGER EiveR ; MISTAKES THE LATI- 
 TUDE, LANDING THEM FORTY MILES SOUTII-TeNTS SET UP AND CACHE MADE-FlRST 
 MEETING WITH THE InnUITS FROM RePULSE BaT-InQUIRIES MADE OF THEM AS TO 
 BRANKUN'S EXPEDITION-CHANGE OF THE SEASON-ReMOVAL OF TUPIKS-T„E InvuITS 
 COLLkcT their fur DRESSES-TheiR frequent visits TO HALL'S TUPIK-8NOW-DRIFTS- 
 WOL»-TRACKS-SNOW-PARTR,DGES-CON8TRUCTION OF AN IGLOO-WlNTER QUARTERS. 
 
 Captain Chapel expected to reach St. John's on the 13th, but 
 heavy fogs and a strong north by east wind, with rain following, com- 
 pelled the ship to lie off the mouth of the harbor for several days ; 
 further delay being occasioned by the difficulty experienced in shippinc^ 
 the complement of the crew. When the captain went ashore for this 
 purpose, Hall accompanied him, and during his stay until the 18th was 
 the recipient of many tokens of kindness from the citizens, amono- 
 whom were friends of his first expedition. His letters to Mr. Brevoort^ 
 Mr. Grinnell, and others speak with thankfulness of these attentions' 
 and especially of those shown by U. S. Consul Leach, in securing for 
 him further necessary additions to his outfit. They exhibit some 
 
 47 
 
48 
 
 Departure from St. John'sy Newfoundland. 
 
 (Jaly, IN04. 
 
 naturul restlessness under the unexpected delay of sailing. With the 
 expectation of dating hia next letters from Hudson's Bay, he succeeded 
 in leaving St. John's on the 18th of the month. 
 
 Icebergs were first met in lat. 50° 48'. On the 28th, at 9 a. m., 
 Cape Chidley and Button Islands were in sight, and later in the day 
 Hudson's Straits were entered. The Monticello shaped her course for 
 
Augum, 180'!. I 
 
 I'assage through Hudson^ s IStraits. 
 
 49 
 
 Resolution iMliind, known by tho Eskimos us ^^Todjon." Much lloat- 
 ing ico was passed through. Hall improved tho delay in tho ship'H 
 course by takinj^ the bearings of tho prominent headlands along tho 
 shores of the old '' Mcta Incognita^' of Queen Elizabeth. Across tho 
 strait through which they were sailing lay to tho north his discov- 
 eries of the Frobisher i-elics in 1862. 
 
 From the first of August to the 20th, the ship and her tender passed 
 through the changing experiences of Arctic navigation. Her course 
 was ke])t within fifteen to twenty miles of tho land. Tho first days of 
 the month were calm, offering opportunities for securing game on tho 
 ice-floes which studded the strait Hall and Eskimo Joe shot a num- 
 ber of olj)as, the white wob-footed sea-fowl so often found clustering 
 on Arctic cliffs. Tho peiuJarks, dove-kies, proved too shy. Seals were 
 seen at a distance. 
 
 Grinnell Glacier — first seen and named on Hall's visit of August 
 21, 18f)0 — mirrored itself in the spaces of open water. It faded from 
 sight on the bright morning of the 7th. The long and uniform range 
 of white mountains on the north, the Terra Nievia of the old naviga- 
 tors, arrested tho attention of all on board the Monticello. 
 
 Tho ship's log of each day, as would be expected, showed much 
 the same record. For a few hours she worked onward under some- 
 thing of a favorable breeze ; or else it was tack, tack, one hour on 
 one course and the next upon the other, the wind dead ahead. At 
 times she bored her way through the pack ice, or she met an impassa- 
 ble barrier athwart her course, and then made fast to an iceberg or 
 floe, tying up thus usually at night. While very slowly nearing an 
 
 ice island on the evening of the 1st, her iron-plated bows had struck 
 S. Ex. 27 4 
 
50 
 
 Chase of two Polar s. 
 
 (Aaniial, IM64. 
 
 •I 
 
 
 so heavily on a hummock that hor crew wore in waitinff to jump from 
 her. On the Kith, a {^alo sprinjj^in^ up from the nortli and veering to 
 tlie northwest, forced the Afonticello under close reef, splitting the 
 topsail, the sea sweeping the decks. 
 
 During the intervals of fair weather the American whalers had 
 the pleasure of exchanging courteous visits with three of the ships be- 
 longing to the Hudson's Bay Company — the Prince of Wales, with 
 seventy-five passengers on board, the Prince Arthur, and the Ocean 
 Nymph. These vessels bad left Stromness, in the Orkneys, on the 2(1 
 of July, One of them liad been within the straits six days. They 
 had all been sighted at a short distance to the westwai'd the evening 
 before the visits, the opportunity for which was occasioned by the 
 dead calm which had detained them. 
 
 Hall's voyage was not long without the excitement incident to the 
 sight and chase of the bear and the walrus. Walruses were seen at 
 some distance basking, as is their custom, on the ice. As the Monti- 
 cello passed near, they raised their ferocious heads to gaze a little while 
 at the ship, and then rolled over into the sea. 
 
 The chase of several Polars was of more interest. One seen by 
 the crew of the Helen F., though at first close by, made a most respect- 
 ful distance before the guns could be loaded ; and, although swift 
 cliase was given by the dingy, bruin gained a long piece of ice and 
 bounded off upon it beyond all possibility of capture, leaving on the 
 ice, parts of tlie seal on which he had been breakfasting. The Mon- 
 ticello was more fortunate, securing two large Polars on the same day. 
 Hall's journal of August 3 says that at 5 a. m. he was aroused from 
 sweet slumbers by the voice of Chester, who had come down from his 
 
 
 If 
 
AuiMiii, IHM'l.l 
 
 A Bear Captured. 
 
 51 
 
 niornin;';' watch '* thundcrinj^ in tlu; coinpaiiion way, 'Wliito liear! 
 Wliito Jk'ar!'" In a few moments tho j^lass showed from the deck a 
 hnj^e Pohir; and tlio mate, with Hall and Ebierhinj?, ntartod with a 
 stalwart crew, who wore quickly over tho ship's side. Chester steered, 
 Hall and Kbierbing, with loaded rifles (the gifts of Mr. Chapell, of Ncnv 
 London), were in tho boat, and five pairs of oars " pulled lustily as for 
 dear life." Bruin was nearly a mile off, but though every effort was 
 made to keep to tho leeward, ho showed that he scented his pursuers 
 when they had passed over but a fourth of that distance, by his shuf- 
 fling to and fro on tho ice and by throwing up his head, shaking it at 
 them, roaring furiously, and showing his tusks; with intervals of quiet 
 gaze at tho boat. At the outset, Eberbing pronounced the animal to 
 be one of the largest of its kind, and a male; calling it an Atijujua 
 Conunonting in his journal on the acuteness of the Innuits in discrim- 
 inating tho signs and habits of the animals of their country. Hall 
 notes Ebierbing's quickness in deciding the sex and character of this 
 bear from its size and its yellowish-white color. He showed further 
 tact by frequent lusty shoutings, in order to arrest the progress of 
 Ninoo after he had dropped himself stern foremost into the water, and 
 had commenced swimming at tho rate of full six knots an hour. Ninoo 
 by his delay in turning around nearly his whole huge body gave his 
 pursuers much advantage. At the distance of 50 yards, on Ebier- 
 bing's making the first shot at his head, which alone was above water, 
 Polar instantly dropped, and his huge carcass floated lifeless. Tho 
 crew, making it fast, towed it back to tho Monticello within thirty 
 minutes from the time they had set out on the chase, and in a few 
 moments more, with pulleys and hemp, landed him safe on deck. 
 
52 
 
 Volar ^0. \. 
 
 (Angnat, 1804. 
 
 I:; 
 
 111 
 
 POLAR NO. 1. 
 
 Hall proceeded to sketch the animal and to note his measure- 
 ments, the chief of which were : 
 
 Weight, estimated by Chapel, Chester, and Ilall 1,100 lbs. 
 
 Leiifjth ^roiii suoiit to tail 8 ft. 
 
 Length from snout to shoulder joint 3 ft. 
 
 Length from heel of hind leg to top of rump 3 ft. 5 in. 
 
 Circuiiiference of the head before the eyes 3 ft. 
 
 Circumference of the neck 3 ft. 8 in. 
 
 Circumference of the middle 7 ft. 4 in. 
 
 Circumference of the fore leg below the knee and of the fore paw, each . 2 ft. 3 in. 
 
 Ijength of the tail tth in. 
 
 Length of front teeth 7 in. 
 
 Length of molars 4 in. 
 
 [Barentz, in 1596, killed two bears on Cherie or Beare Island, near 
 
 m 
 
 ^t 
 
AuKual, 1804.J 
 
 A Second Bear Captured. 
 
 53 
 
 Si)itzberj?eii, the skin of one of which measured 12 feet, and of the 
 other 13 feet.] 
 
 Ebierbing scarcely gave liimself time to finish with the assistance 
 of two of the crew, the work of skinning and cutting up this animal, 
 before he was at the ship's side, glass in hand, on the sharp lookout for 
 a second. At 2.30 p. m. he espied one fast asleep about two miles dis- 
 tant, and Captain Chapel consented to the delay of luffing and again 
 sending out a crew, as he found the ice closely and heavily packed in 
 the ship's way. After a pull of two miles the same party approached 
 their new game — this time within thirty yards — and Ebierbing was 
 figain the first to fire. Ninoo No. 2, however, took to his heels and 
 was soon out of sight beyond the hummocks, and, as the floe was quite 
 large, it was scarcely to be expected he would be again seen. But the 
 crew, by shai p pulling, i-eached an open- water space on the opposite side, 
 and, on inspecting closely every piece of ice, at last espied Ninoo stand- 
 ing erect facing them, pawing the snow, and fiercely roaring. Ebierbing 
 again fired and again the animal bounded into the water. Heading him 
 off, and following closely through the floes, the marksman fired ten more 
 shots, but still without fatal effect. At times springing upon the loose 
 pieces of ice, and again spurning these with his feet as he ])lunged into 
 the deep, the animal at last rested on his haunches on a hunnnock, his 
 whole frame quivering from the effects of the shots. He struggled hai"d 
 with death, at one moment sitting up, with head erect and quiet, and the 
 next stiiking it in the most terrific manner first with one paw and then 
 with the other: and roaring till, as Hall says, " the very ice mountains 
 seemed to quake." But Ebierbing, by a well-directed shot at the brain, 
 ended this second piteous scene, and, advancing cautiously and touch- 
 ing the carcass with his ramrod, pronounced the bear dead, though 
 
, ->,T ' ^"."r^^*^ ~ XT-f -I 
 
 ?ltl 
 
 I'l 
 
 64 Bear-Meat and Bear-Oil. [AogBm, i864. 
 
 i I'l no sooner had he said it than Ninoo gave one more convulsive leap. 
 
 He then fell lifeless. 
 
 The number of shots fired is -not beyond what is usually found 
 necessaiy. Hall, recalling the experiences of his first voyage, says he 
 had sometimes thought that the bear exemplifies the old saying of the 
 cat's nine lives, for ball after ball is often put through the head, and the 
 bear drops down as often seemingly lifeless, yet in a few moments off 
 again he trots. 
 
 Polar No. 1 was found to be immenscxy loaded with fat, " covered 
 with a complete blanket of it, five inches thick on the rump ; the en- 
 trails entirely encased with fat." The paunch was empty. This Ebier- 
 bing explained by saying, "When Ninoo get fat he no eat any more for 
 two or three months ; " an empty paunch is, therefore, no sign that he 
 is hungry. The skin, the fat, and the meat were saved. The whole of 
 the inwards, except the fat covering, was thrown into the sea The 
 Innuits never eat anything from the inside of the bear. Steaks of 
 juicy, red meat were welcomed by the crew, and Hall says better beef 
 could not be had in the States. These last remarks accord with what 
 Scoresby, in his Account of the Arctic Regions, says, viz, that he once 
 treated his surgeon to a dinner of bear's ham, and he knew not for a 
 month afterward but that it was beefsteak. The liver is hurtful, while 
 the liver and flesh of the seal, on which the bear chiefly feeds, are 
 nourishing and palatable. Sailors who have inadvertently eaten the 
 liver of the bear have sickened ; some have actually died. These ill 
 effects have not, however, been always the experience of Arctic sailors. 
 
 The amount of oil obtained from the two bears was over seventy 
 gallons ; all the blubber was cut up to make it. Usually the Eskimo 
 women do this part of the work, but Too-koo-li-too had never practiced 
 
 i:i 
 
 m 
 
■ ' ,■■■ T'u-'r':''.''^ ■''■'' ',,.T ■ ' V™™'^ ■ 
 
I iH 
 
 1' » 
 
 95° 
 
 ii 1 1" f r 
 
 90° 
 
 ^b' 
 
 80° 
 
 
 89*30 
 
 -- miruir imn i 
 
 
 
 C 
 JJa^ecuhar Gap V*^^ 
 
 
 was first strua I 
 
 Oap ofMysuwy^^ 
 
 89^00 
 
 / SqiTTHAlnx-'V N „„A 
 
 oT* SealiorBeP^ 
 
 CPemhti 
 
 y'^""^%f^. 
 
 Soulhaunpton- .■ 
 
 'Au//. 24 
 
 Tnn:!/ 
 
 --OiSJBl'iii 
 
 Sm|it.l:il<ai,;'i] 
 
 i 
 
 H U 1) S O N n A ^ 
 
 
 HALL'S VOYAGE 
 
 Bi'Others' 
 
 TO 
 
 REPULSE BAY 
 
 ratnani 
 
 AND 
 
 HETITRN 
 
 limy tirmn ■ -ftTpi|i Iiiiiiiti tiitiiiii Jiiiiiitt-- Iitiiiim tn|ni(. 
 
 9o° 85° 
 
 iiift-- Lnimi Wt^nn I "" 
 
 so" 
 
 OUTWARD VOYAGE FROM ST. JOHNS, N^V 
 HOMEWARD VOYAGE FROM BE'lj 
 
80" 
 
 Ih' 
 
 10' 
 
 65° 
 
 60° 
 
 •Tiuii[g~T. imuiii Ti'tuiijiii "T. tiLnmr. 
 
 [11111111 |iiin|i | |wniiiLJ -r 
 
 V 
 
 V, 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 A 
 
 RIL 27*^^ TO JUNE S^^ 1865 
 
 N. i 
 
 lerU iff- 
 
 tao-oo-lit/ I. 
 
 rJEoS. 
 
 IZJZnc'Ar:. 
 
 PUuxnihert ,. 
 
 »>« first strut 
 
 Gap ofM\see^:'i 
 89''o"o 
 
 BO-OO- 
 
 X[ 
 
 "^•Ji 15Z>Mf-A^SB>i,^0 
 
 / 
 
 C ap e Monta-gaj,!^ 
 
 C'iJAh-'''''J^^O^-^ 26ZwcfJp.neS 
 
 
 V 
 
 4>Jo* ThtSoats \(re le.i 
 aaloo ^ v. T ailjx 
 
 ire i«iT! Ticr-e 
 
 ■** 
 
 
 
 IM ST. JOHNS, N?B"OUNDLAND TO WHALE POINT. I8B4. 
 IdyAGE from RE^SE bay TO ST. JOHNS 1860. 
 
1 
 
 .( 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 )l 
 
 j 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 a 
 
 ^S 
 
Angaal, 18«4.] CoUTSe of t1l€ Skip. 55 
 
 it. The oil was sweet and pellucid. By the light from some of it, 
 Hall wrote his next journal entries. In the paunch of the second bear 
 about six gallons of seal-oil had been found. 
 
 From the entrance of the straits the course of the Monticello had 
 been run between 60° 59' N. and 63° 47' N. The last-named latitude, 
 made August 10, was found to be considerably north of where the ship's 
 dead-reckoning placed her ; she had been swept out by the current. 
 From the 7th to the 20th the log gives the longitude reckonings, G9°, 
 70° 40', 72° 33', 75° 08', 84° 27', 85° 30', 88° 40', 90° 20', 89° 40' ; 
 on the 20th, 89° 56' W. Compass variation, 41° W. 
 
 On the 12th, under favor of a south-southeast wind and a strong 
 current, the ship had made the most rapid advance of any part of her 
 course ; Nottingham and Salisbury Islands, which had been on her 
 starboard all day, being suddenly swept by and left far in the distance. 
 It was now learned that the passage of the straits had been much more 
 successfully accomplished by one of the ships of the Hudson's Bay 
 Company, the Prince of Wales, which, according to her log, had made 
 it in less than six days. 
 
 Eight days after, the Monticello, having complete-^ her run across 
 the bay, anchored at Depot Island, in lat. 63° 47' N., long. 89° 51' W. 
 The Eskimo name of this island is Pik-e-u-lar ; its English name had 
 been given to it by Captain E. A. Chapel on a former voyage. 
 
 Hall was much disappointed that the vessel did not proceed 
 directly to Marble Island, her original destination. He had hopes of 
 doing some good work there by carefully determining the geograph- 
 ical position of the island, and had a second object in view. Remem- 
 bering the fate of the expedition under I^night and Barlow, sent out 
 
66 
 
 Expedition of Knight and Barlow. 
 
 [AuRnat, 1S64. 
 
 !l^ 
 
 in 1719, some of the wrecks of whose vessels were found fifty yeai's 
 afterwards upon this island, he wished to explore it for relics of that 
 expedition* which might yet possibly be found. In Hearne's Travels 
 he had seen the statement that the remains of the houses built by this 
 party, as also the hulls of the ship and sloop were visible for many 
 years below the waters. 
 
 He was at first landed with Ebierbing and To-koo-li-too on Depot 
 Island. Mate Chester, who accompanied them, estimated the whole 
 weight of his boat and outfit at only 1,400 pounds. The boat, built 
 by Rodgers of New London, was but 28 feet in length, with 5 feet 10 
 inches beam, and 26 inches depth. The mate and crew returned on 
 board the Monticello, and when, soon afterward, she left the harbor on 
 her first cruise for whales, the party on the island began their five 
 years' Arctic residence. A tent was erected on the western side, and 
 some observations were made for determining the position and for 
 marking out the adjacent coast line. On the 22d, the first game 
 secured, footed up for the day nine petularks and one goose. 
 
 During the week which followed, several vessels, and among them 
 the Tender, Helen F., were sighted, apparently working their way up 
 to Rowe's Welcome ; and although the fog at one time hid them from 
 view. Hall was only the more delighted to find on the 23d the brig 
 
 * Sickness aiul famine occasioned such havoc among the English that by the setting in of 
 the second winter their number was reduced to twenty ; and on the Eslcinios visiting Marble 
 Island again, in the summer of 1721, they found five of the English only alive, and those in such 
 distress for provisions that they eagerly eat the seal's flesh and whale's blubber qnitc raw as they 
 purchased it from the natives. This disordered them so much that three of them died in a few 
 days; and the other two, though very weak, made a shift to bury them. These two survived 
 many days after the rest, and frequently went to tlio top of an adjacent rock and earnestly looked 
 to the south and east as if in expectation of some vessels comiug to their relief. After continuing 
 there a considerable time, and nothing appearing in sight, they sat down close together and 
 wept bitterly. At length one of the two died, and the other's strength was so far exhausted that 
 he fell down and died also ivhile attempting to dig a grave for his companion. — (Journey from Prince 
 of Wales' Fort, in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean, 1767-1772, by Samuel Ilearnc. lutrod., 
 p. xxxi.) 
 
Aacaat, 1864. 
 
 A White Man Hired. 
 
 67 
 
 Isabel and the bark Concordia, and on the 25th the Helen F., snugly 
 anchored west of the island. The captains of these vessels went 
 ashore and expressed their kindly interest in Hall's purposes, offering- 
 him also comfortable accommodations on their ships if he should com- 
 plete his work before the expiration of their cruises. Capt. H. Y. 
 Chapel, of the Tender, spent much of the day on Hall's "flag-staff hill," 
 from which he had sighted the ships while making his observations. 
 
 He now secured his first assistant. Chax'les Rudolph, a German, 
 one of the crew of the Isabel, having learned Hall's wish to employ 
 a white man as a companion on the expedition, volunteered to go 
 with him and went ashore for an interview, bearing high recommenda- 
 tions from his officers. He had spent one previous winter among the 
 Innuits. He was very closely questioned in regard to what he knew 
 of Innuit life and what trials he supposed he would have if he went on 
 this intended journey of from two and a half to three years, and his 
 replies were so satisfactory that, taking them in connection with the 
 recommendation of his officers (Mr. Gardner, the second mate, being 
 an old acquaintance), Hall had no hesitation in accepting the proposal. 
 The experience of his First Expedition had taught him that "the man 
 from the land of civilization who should accompany him, must be one 
 whom he well knew, and one that would face disappointments, depriva- 
 tions of food without a murmur, endure with stout heart storms, cold, 
 and hard labor without flinching, and be truthfully obedient and trust- 
 worthy every way." Before setting out, he had refused many appli- 
 cations from persons in the United States and Canada, under the feel- 
 ing that unless he knew them intimately he might regret having taken 
 a companion when it would be too late for a remedy. It may be 
 remarked in passing that the letters containing such applications found 
 
68 
 
 Wlialers at the Island. 
 
 lAagnut, 1864. 
 
 \m 
 
 U 
 
 i 
 
 .1 
 
 m^ 
 
 among Hall's papers and dating within the years 1860-62, as well as 
 the future history of other like cases, justify the precaution he took. 
 
 Before taking Rudolph into his service he told him, in Mr. Gardner's 
 presence, the very darkest and hardest side of the story as to the life 
 he must lead if he went to King William's Land, asking him also if he 
 were aware that perhaps they would starve, or be killed by the 
 Innuits. But Rudolj)!! answered th.at he could endure what any one 
 else could, and could stand it as well as Hall ; and if they should find 
 no chance of escape, a man would have to die but once, and, therefore, 
 he was not afraid to go. A contract was then made for the term of 
 three years, at a compensation of $25 per month, with the promise of 
 a much larger sum if the objects of the expedition should be secured; 
 and to complete the papers properly required in the case. Captain 
 Parsons of the Isabel, received from Hall a copy of the contract, to be 
 shown, if necessary, at the custom-house in New London on the 
 retui-n of the brig. 
 
 ,1 
 
 On the 26th, Mr. Gardner recorded for Hall his observations for 
 the day, which included some lunar distances. 
 
 On the 27th, no fewer than eight whalers, the Cornelia, George and 
 Mary, Concordia, Morning Star, Isabel (bx'ig), and Isabel (schooner), 
 with the Monticello, and her Tender, were all at anchor. The officers 
 and men of these vessels very kindly added some useful things to 
 Hall's small outfit, and promised their assistance whenever it should be 
 in their power. The Morning Star, leaving her anchorage for Cyrus 
 W. Field's Bay, received a copy of Hall's chart of Frobisher Bay. 
 The next day the crews of the Monticello and Helen F. were engaged 
 in towing the former vessel to the place selected for her winter quarters. 
 
 : ii:i 
 
Angaat, 1864.) 
 
 Ilall Landed at Whale Point. 
 
 no 
 
 At 11.30 a. m. of the 2{)tli the anchor of the ^J^onder waw catted, and 
 Capt. li. Y. Chapel sailed with Ilall, his two Eskimos, and his new 
 em})loye, Rudolph, under instructions from the captain of the Mt>nti- 
 cello, to convey them to Wager River. From this point they were to 
 proceed in the boat to Repulse Bay, where Ilall expected to winter 
 and prepare for his sledge journey to King William's Land in the 
 si)ring. Three of the whalers accompanied the Helen F. out of tiio 
 harbor, one of which, the Isabel, bound homeward, took letters to the 
 United States, including some from Too-koo-li-too to Miss Sylvia 
 Grinnell,(now Mrs. Captain Buxton, R. N.), and to Mrs. Budington. 
 
 The Tender left her anchorage with a light breeze from the north- 
 east; but the wind soon veering to the south and freshening, she made 
 from four to six knots per hour toward Cape Fullerton. While cross- 
 ing an inlet which Hall named after Captain Chapel, he wrote his first 
 Arctic letter to Mr. Grinnell, dating it August 29, lat. 63° 47 N., long. 
 89° 58' W. 
 
 On the 30th, he left the vessel in Mr. Chester's boat and landed 
 at Whale Point, returning to the schooner at about 4.30 p. m. The 
 next day they had the first sight of whales. 
 
 The captain of the Tender now informed Hall that he had reached 
 Wager River, and would, therefore, land him in order that the schooner 
 might return to Marble Island to make her winter quarters. Both Hall 
 and Chester dissented from the captain's judgment that he had reached 
 the river. The first officer, however, insisted that they were opposite its 
 southern entrance. Early in the morning of the 3 1 st, therefore, Chester 
 again took charge of the Sylvia, with her Arctic outfit, and landed 
 Hall with his party at a point which seemed to be, in Chester's judg- 
 ment, 35 miles, but was afterward determined by Hall from a meridian 
 
60 
 
 An Unfortunate Mistake. 
 
 [■cplembcr, 186'!. 
 
 'Mi 
 
 altitiido to bo 40 miles, south of tlio point wliich Captnin Chapol Hup- 
 j)08e(l ho had readied. Mate Newman, with Ji boat'w cnnv from tho 
 Tender, assisted in convoying the stores on shore. Hall gives tho 
 position of this iirst landing place as lat. G4° 35' N., long. 87° 33' W., 
 ** Encampment No. 1." 
 
 This mistake of tho land was a grievous disappointment. The 
 remaining distance was clearly within the instructions received from 
 the captain of the Monticello, and it could have been readily and safely 
 made. It Avas more than a disappointment to Hall, for it j)roved to be the 
 loss of a ivliole year to the expedition. Had the landing been secured 
 at the point proposed on Wager River, he might have gone directly to 
 Repulse Bay, securing there his winter quarters, and preparing, as he 
 expected, for his spring journey. It will be seen that he was com- 
 pelled to pass his first winter near this first landing, and that it required 
 the larger part of the opening season to push on his boat and stores to 
 Repulse Bay. Whatever, however, may have been the error, and how- 
 ever sore the disappointment, no complaints are found in his journal. 
 
 The crews using both sail and oars found a fair harbor a little 
 before meridian, but landed with difficulty because of the falling 
 tide. Ilall and Rudolph were in the water waist deep to haul the 
 Sylvia ashore. 
 
 l\ 
 
 A single white man in a desolate region, and at the beginning of 
 an Arctic winter, but a man of a brave heart and of Arctic experience ! 
 
 The whole of the first day after landing he occupied in making 
 a cache and depositing stores, in order to reduce the weight of 
 the Sylvia's cargo. Such articles as were not needed for immediate 
 use were carefully packed in three deposits under a ponderous pile of 
 
HrpU'Mikpr, 1864.1 
 
 CoastitHf Along the Welcome. 
 
 (>! 
 
 rocks. Tlio chiet' objects thus cared for, besides his books and the 
 other personal effects of the l)arty, were the cans of peniniican and 
 of desiccated vegetables, sugar, coffee, tea, and tobacco, a small sup- 
 ply of spirits, powder, shot, and percussion caps. Several groups of 
 deer were seen during the day, and Ebierbing killed five of their num- 
 ber, bringing to the encampment, with Rudolph's help, the skins of 
 three with part of the meat, and leaving the remainder in a cache 
 three miles off. The party had thus fresh meat almost immediately 
 on landing. 
 
 On the 3d, Hall resumed his voyage to Repulse Bay by coasting 
 along to the northward. Having made about five miles, ho found 
 himself completely headed by land which shot directly athwart his 
 course, though ho had supposed he should find a channel. It was 
 simply a bay filled with numerous islands. The tide was running 
 furiously before he got out of it, and it was only by skillful manage- 
 ment that the Sylvia was free fr.om the eddies, currents, and oveifalls 
 that abounded there, and was again in smooth water. 
 
 In writing of this to Captain Chapel, he said : 
 
 How shallow tbo Welcome! Over much of the distance iiiadc from the 
 place of my lirst encampment to second, in hit. 04° 50' 30" — 15 miles— K)ur Sylvia, 
 drawing only 18 inches, often touched bottom a half mile to two miles from the 
 coast. The land on the west side of the Welcome, at no point between the two 
 encampments named, can exceed 30 to 40 feet in height. I have no hesitation in 
 saying that the American whalers who have so successfully been navigating in 
 Hudson's Bay, especially in that part of it called Sir Thomas Rowe's Welcome, 
 since you and your brother Christopher first opened up the whale-fishery in said 
 bay, in 1800, must be as good navigators as the wor'-' nows of. This is said 
 with the full knowledge that little or no dependence cm ^e placed on any com- 
 passes on board of your ships. Although my azimuth compasses are of the most 
 delicate construction, they are virtually of no use except to show how perfectly 
 fickle and unreliable compasses are in this portion of the North. 
 
1^ 
 
 It 
 
 62 
 
 First Mci'thiff ivith Innnit.s 
 
 IMrplrmbrr, IN({4. 
 
 I 
 
 ■u 
 
 I!!, 
 
 11^ 
 
 I 
 
 l<]skiiiio .Too now sighted witli tlio teloscopo a plnco oii the liuid wIhm'O the 
 limuits* had had a hito oncaiupinoiit, the marks bcinp sovoral ti'nt-i>oli>s staiid- 
 iiiji' (>iT('t. A I'lnv iniiiiitoK lator he si}jht(>d a boat whidi was turned over and 
 lyiufi' above hijjh water on tlie hind ahead. I'Voni this wo concluded tliat tlio 
 natives could not be far oil", and toward this boat the Sylvia was now directed. 
 When within one mile of it we were delighted at the sight of a native near this 
 boat ; and yet the joy was mingled with something that was akin to fear, for he 
 appeared advancing cautiously toward us with gun in hand, and at the. same 
 time, as ,loe thought, loading it. However, I caused my small crew' of three to 
 ])tdl ahea<l, and soon leaped from the bow of the Sylvia into the muddy shallow 
 water and wa<led ashore. The next moment my hand was in that of noble 
 Oii-v-Ui'k (Albert's), as line a specimen of an Eskimo as ever 1 met. I told iiiin 
 that but a few days before 1 had seen you, and that Captain Chai)el had brought 
 mo and the two lutuiits then in the boat in his vessel from my country, America. 
 (>i/-<-/«'.v jt>y on hearing from i/ou seemed e(|Ual to mine on meeting him. Ho told 
 us that his ttipik, skin tent, and those of several others of his peoi)le, were just 
 over a i)oint of land from wlu^re we then were, and that if we wouhl stoj) and 
 make our encampment there, he and his peoi)le wouhl the next day move over 
 beside us and then we all would have a long talk. 
 
 • Tlio iippollations Intiititu ami I'^skimoii will 1h> nsnd in tliis Niirrativo synonynionsly, as Hall 
 usi's tluMii. It in:iy lie as well, liowcvoi'. to };ivo llio i)rol)al>lc orijiin of tlic iiunios ami their Icjjit- 
 iinatc a)i])1i('atioii. The word Ki«|iiiiiiaux — bettor written Eskimo — is derived from a root indi- 
 eatin;;, in the laiifjiiajie of the Northern trilies, a soreerer. The Innnit name h'ag-iinkirnic means 
 the honse where (he d/KriiidHx. soreerers, eondnet their dnnees and incantations. The word Innnit 
 mean' pcopli', and is in nse from (Jreenland to Bering Strait. II shonid take the place of Ks- 
 kimos. the etymolo>;y of which is not clear. Mr. \V. \. Dall, in a ])apcr read before the American 
 Association in MliO, and in a number of "The C'(nitribnti(nis to N<n'tli American Kthnolofjy" by 
 Jlajor .T. 1). I'owell, makes the foUowinjj additional valued statements: 
 
 "The Orariansarc distiuftnished (I) by their lan<;nage. of which the dialect.s, in constrn(v 
 tion and etynu)loi;y, bear a strong resemblance to one another Ihroughout the group, and dill'erin 
 their honiogcneonsness(as well as the foregoing characters) as strongly IVom their Indian dialects 
 adjacent to them: (II) by their dislribntion, always conlined to the sca-coasis or islands, some- 
 times entering the mouths of large rivers, as the Yukon, but only ascending them ftn- a short dis- 
 tan.'c. and as a rule avoiding the wooded country; (III) by their habits, more maritime and .id 
 venturous than the Indians, following hunting, andkillingnot only the snniUseal, but alsothesea- 
 lion and walrus. Kven the great Arctic bow-head whali- (and anciently tlie sperm-whale) falls a 
 victim to their j)erscvcring etVorts ; and the patent harpoon, almost u liversally used by Anu'ri<'iin 
 whalers in lieu of the old-fashioned article, is a eoi)y. in steel, of the bone and slate wcajion which 
 the Innuits have used for centuries; lastly, they are distinguished by tlu-ir physical charactcris- 
 t'es, a light, fresh, yellow comjjlexion, fine color, broad build, scaphoccphalic head, great craunil 
 capacity, and oblitpiity of the arch of the zygoma. The ])attern8 of their implenu'iit.s and 
 weapons, and their myths, are similar in a general way throughout the group, and e(iually ditl'er- 
 ciit from the Indian types. 
 
 "The Orarians arc divided into two well marked groups, namely, the Innnit, comi>rising 
 all the so-calliMl Kskimo and Tuskis, and the Aleuts. " 
 
Neplember, 1804. J 
 
 Hall Encamps at Noo-ivook. 
 
 63 
 
 To this proposition lljill readily {iccedod, juid niudo with this 
 chief' r.nd his people fit Noo-wook his second encampment, the jjosition 
 of which has heen already given. It is to he remarked, however, that 
 this ])OHition and the succeeding- ones which may be named are approx- 
 imate only. His astronomical observations, reduced from his rough 
 notes under the superintendence of Mr. R. W. D. Bryan, will be found 
 in Appendix I. 
 
 The tribe was one whose usual residence was at the head of Re- 
 pulse Bay. They had often held intercourse there and at Depot 
 Island with the American whalers ; had their l*]nglish names from 
 them, and had in their possession the boats and hunting implements of 
 civilized life. 
 
 Hall and his two Eskimos were soon at home among them, Ebier- 
 bing and Too-koo-li-too acting from the first as his intei*preters, and 
 finding but little difficulty in this, as the difference between the new 
 dialect and that of the Cumberland Gulf i)eoplo was readily over- 
 come. Hall's first notes speak of Oudd's people as one would speak of 
 old acquaintances. 
 
 On the 7th [ho says], first came into my tnpik Artooa^ Frank, with his wife 
 and family, witli their dogs and their panniers; in tlie evening, Oucla th(! (^hief, 
 and Armou, Armoii slept with me, and all the natives shared my breakfast 
 Frank made me a present of six leindeertongnes and some salmon. 
 
 Going off in the morning on a hunt with Artooa, Nu-licr-zhoo, and 
 Rudolph, Hall met with both white and black Tulc-too — reindeer — and 
 Ebierbing again succeeded in killing two. Returning in the evening 
 he joined heartily with his Eskimo brothers in their first Ankootiug 
 service, a superstitious ceremony more than once to be noted in these 
 pages, and which occasioned many of Hall's subsequent troubles. His 
 
1 
 
 ^ 
 
 . 1 » 
 
 1 .1 |i 
 
 1 1 !i 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 ; '. f 
 
 1 > I 
 
 !( 
 
 ■ li 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 ■i 
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 i 
 
 I 
 
 ; 
 
 
 I ! 
 
 64 
 
 First Talk about Franklin. 
 
 [8<-plcnib«r, 1864. 
 
 first inconvenience was the An-ge-kd's decree, this day, that no iron 
 should be filed by either kob-lu-nas or Innuits till the ice formed, 
 
 Armou the next morning, on taking leave, received presents of 
 amnuinition, tobacco, and deer-skin mittens ; and before the party sep- 
 arated on this day Hall had begun his inquiries as to what these na- 
 tives might have heard of Franklin's men and what they knew of the 
 geography of the country further north. He says : 
 
 I was not iong in arriving at the subject whitih led me North. When I told 
 these natives where I wanted to go, to wit, to I-wil lik (Repulse Bay), and thenco 
 to Uoothia, Felix Peninsula (which they call Neitchil-le), to find out all about 
 some Jcob-ln-nas, whites, that went there many years ago, they at once told ni« 
 that there iccre two ships lost near Neitchil-le many years ago, and that a great 
 many loh-lu-nas, whites, died — some starved and some were frozen to death — but 
 that there were four that did not die! How astounded I was as Too-koo-li-too (the 
 best interpreter of Innuit language into our vernacular that ever accompanied 
 an Arctic expedition) told me this ! Little did I expect so soon to find natives 
 that seemed to know a volume of interesting and important facts bearing on the 
 Franklin Expedition. I had before us a large English Admiralty chart of the 
 Arctic Kegious from the meridian of Smith's Sound westward to that of Macken- 
 zie Kiver. They at once pointed out where Eepulse Bay was, which they called 
 1-wil-lik, and thence followed the track of Dr. Itae, whom they saw in 1847 and 
 1854. They showed the locality of where the two ships were lost, and where Neit- 
 chil-le is. They pointed out the bay where they themselves were when they heard 
 about the two ships being fast in the ice, and how the Ivb-lu-nas left them, and 
 finally nearly all starved or froze to death. This bay Dr. Hae luimed Pelly Bay. 
 These natives all told me that I ought not to think of wintering at I-wil-lik (Re- 
 l)ulse Bay) ; that 1 was too late for killing any tool-too there, and that no seals or 
 walrus could be killed there wi winter. Besides all these objections to my win- 
 tering at Repulse Bay, all the natives stated that I could not pass the entrance 
 to Wager Bay and thence to Repulse Bay at this late season of the year with my 
 heavily laden boat without gi"eat risk of losing the boat and our lives. Indeed, I 
 could not induce any one of the natives to go with me on account of the reasons 
 now stated. Besides, they said I would not find any Innuits at Repulse Bay, for 
 they uniformly left that part of the country in the iall of the year to spend the win- 
 ter wlu'ie they could kill seals and walrus. They stated that it was their own pur- 
 
(k-plembcr, 1804.1 
 
 Lonely Feelings. 
 
 65 
 
 pose to go to Kepulse Bay next season, starting early in the spring, and then to 
 ])roceed thence to Neitchille, just where I wanted to go; and proposed that if 1 
 would spend the winter here at Noo-wook with them, they woiUd furnish nie and 
 my small company with all the took-too, walrus, seal, bear, and uuisk-ox meat we 
 wanted ; and, furthermore, they would give us plenty of reindeer furs for our win- 
 ter dresses and bedding, besides helping mo in doing anything I desu-ed. Where 
 else in the world could a more free-hearted, generous people be found ? 
 
 After spending several days with them and conversing seriously 
 on the whole subject. Hall decided, and indeed of necessity, to remain 
 at Noo-wook for the winter. He communicated the information 
 quoted above to Captain Kilmer, of the Ansel Gibbs; that this lirst 
 news might be safely conveyed to Mr Grinnell, if he himself should 
 never return home. 
 
 On the two following days whales were seen close to shore, their 
 backs being above water for nearly a half hour. On the 10th, Hall 
 sent his two Eskimos with Rudolph and some of the natives to his last 
 encampment to bring away his stores. While awaiting their return 
 the feelings awakened by his now isolated situation were thus recorded 
 in his note-book : '* I have felt lonely all day, although within a stone's 
 throw are three tupiks filled with these kind-hearted children of the 
 No"*li. They have been very kind, some going to the lakelet for 
 water, some getting the dwarf shrub used in these regions for fuel, and 
 some preparing my food." 
 
 The experience of his former Expedition having early taught him 
 the helplessness of these poor beings when suffering with sickness or 
 bodily injuries, he was not unprepared to render assistance, and he 
 had early calls upon him from Ar-too-a and Ou-e-la. The case 
 of one of his patients is illustrative. Ook-har-loo, an old woman, suf- 
 fering with inflamed eyes, was constantly rubbing them with her 
 S. Ex. 21 5" 
 
66 
 
 Dr. Kae's Oii-lig-huck. 
 
 (Mcpleiubcr, I NO I. 
 
 
 i ! 
 
 I 
 
 11 
 
 '! I 
 
 I 
 
 
 uncleanly iists. Ilavinj;^ first sponged off with soap and water "the 
 thick coat of primitive soil " which covered Oolc-bar-loo's whole face, 
 and then i)resented her with a piece of cotton cloth for her owi; xiso 
 in cleansing her eyes, he received her ])rofound thanks for this appli- 
 cation of nature's remedy, with the declaration that he was the best 
 of An-gc-kos. This woman remembered that when very young she 
 had staid aboard Parry's ship, and showed tattooing done upon one 
 of her legs at that time by (7rozier's men. 
 
 The acquaintance made with the Eskimos was now daily im- 
 proved by inquiries in regard to the expeditions of Parry, Ross, Rae, 
 and Franklin, in order that, by comparing with the official narratives 
 of those officers what could now be heard from these people, Hall could 
 learn what confidence to place in their accounts of Franklin. He was 
 much encouraged by the seeming correctness of their replies. Among 
 these, Ar-too-a, whose age was about thirty, gave him a long account 
 of the very serious wounds received by Ou-Ug-buck, one of Dr. Rae's 
 interpreters. Ar-too-a! s story, as found in Hall's journal of the day, 
 corresponds closely with the record given by Rae himself of the acci- 
 dental wound and the healing of Ou-lig-hyck to be found on pages 
 95 and 9G of the Narrative of Rae's Expedition to the Arctic Seas in 
 184b'-'47. Ar-too-a further said that he and his brothers Ou-e-Ia and 
 Shu-she-ark-nook had seen Rao on each of his expeditions of 184G and 
 1854, and that "although Ou-lig-huck, fjither and son, and most of 
 the white men smoked, Dr. Rae never did." They all knew Rae's 
 *' merry Ivitchuk." Hall was much gratified on receiving such details 
 of incidents which occurred nearly eighteen years previous. 
 
 The 15th was a day of gale from the north. The Welcome Avas 
 lashed into a fury, and the cold winds drove far inland everything 
 
 i i iit 
 
Mrplembcr, INH4. 
 
 Chan</e of the Season. 
 
 67 
 
 like game, the liuntiii}^ j)arties of the day failiiijjf to see n sinj^le living 
 tiling — not even a partridge. The moon was full at !)'' 0"' Greenwich 
 time. Oil the going down of the sea, Hall, with his new man Friday, 
 Ar-too-a, and Ebierbing, went out in swift pursuit of an ook-gook {Phoca 
 harhata) which they had seen drifting down with the tide, and seem- 
 ingly asleep. The Sylvia had ' een gotten off the rocks by the help 
 of the women. But although the party approached the seal cautiously, 
 the noise of the oars awakened him, and he disappeared. The chief 
 Ou-e-la, with one of his wives and a daughter, had early gone off to 
 hunt; the man, gun in hand, carrying on his back a roll of reindeer- 
 furs, his dogs being heavily laden with the provisions and cooking 
 utensils placed on their backs saddle-bag fashion, as is the Innuit 
 custom. 
 
 Hall now experienced the beginning of a suffering like one on 
 his first Expedition — the breaking out of boils — brought about by the 
 change of food from the salt meats of ship-life to the raw or partially 
 boiled meats of the Eskimos. The rapid change of the season was also 
 sensibly felt. The nights began to be cold*, ice formed on the fresh- 
 water lakes, and there were signs of an approaching snow-storm. 
 He determined to secure a less exposed place for the tupiks. 
 
 On the 18th, in company with Ar-too-a, Shoo-she -ark-nook, and 
 
 Ebierbing, he selected a location for himself and his friends on the east 
 
 side of a low ridge of rocks, which would serve to shield them from 
 
 the cold west and northwest winds that would probably prevail for 
 
 many months to come. His journal says : 
 
 It has been moving-day with us, and an interesting i)icture might have been 
 seen ; the Innuits and the two Kod-hi-nas, with packs on our backs, tramping 
 along toward our destined new home. Old Mother Ookbar-loo had for her pack a 
 iiionstroiiB roll of reindeer skins, which was topped with kettles and pans and 
 
68 
 
 On the Move. 
 
 IMrptcnibcr, INM'I. 
 
 r. ■ 
 
 t\ 
 
 \\ 
 
 hm 
 
 i 1. 
 
 II 
 
 ■'I I ' 
 
 III' 
 
 various little iiistrumeuts used by Inuuits in their domestic affairs, while in her 
 hand she carried spears and poles and other things that need not be mentioned 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 here. Ar-too-a had for his pack his tent and pole, his gun and et ceteras in his 
 hands. Ills wife had for her pack a huge roll of reindeei'-sldns and other things 
 much of the character of Ook-bar-loo's. The dogs had sadtUe-bags, and top[)ing 
 
 ' iiihi! 
 
 if-. 
 
 'hi! 
 :i M 
 \i ,i 
 
 iii. , 
 
Spplember, 1SH4.1 
 
 lieindeer Deposits Visited. 
 
 69 
 
 them were pannikins and ancb varied things as are always to bo fonnd in Innuit 
 use. Ebierbing had for his pack our tent and some five or six tent-poles, while 
 in his hands he carried liis gun. Charley Itudolph had a large roll of reindeer- 
 skins, in his liands carrying numerous tent-poles. Too-koo-li-too had also <leer- 
 skins, and in her hands various things. 1 earned on my shoulder two ritles and 
 one ^un, each in covers; under one arm my compass tripod, and in one hand my 
 little basket, which held my pet Ward chronometer, and in the other my trunk of 
 instniments. 
 
 A snow-drift set in on the 20th, but during its continuance about 
 twenty bags of fire-shrub were gathered. It was not the usual Andro- 
 meda Tetragona, but something of hke character, and was collected 
 for fuel and for a covering on the tupiks. 
 
 During the rest of the month a continuance of stormy weather 
 prevented astronomical observations The land began to look winter- 
 like. The tracks of a wolf were now first seen ; it had been busy 
 with the bear-skins which had been left to dry near the third encamp- 
 ment. The ground was already covered with snow to the depth of a 
 half inch ; the ice on the lakes bore the weight of a man, and the 
 heavy weather on the coast drove inland more of the game. 
 
 The Innuits, warned of the necessity for procuring winter clothing, 
 made a journey of five miles down the coast to their deposit of rein- 
 deer-skins. On their return, it was a matter of surprise to Hall to see 
 what heavy loads they were bearing on their backs, one of the 
 youngest of the men carrjnng no less than 125 pounds, and Too-loo- 
 ar-a, one of Ou-e-Ms wives, 100. In binding their packs they passed 
 thongs around them, and these across their foreheads and breasts. 
 When appropriating these furs, on the following day, a gay and novel 
 scene presented itself. The best skins being arranged in an outside 
 circle, the women were gallantly allowed each to make her selection 
 from these ; the remainder of the one hundred and fifty skins being 
 
70 
 
 Too Frequent Visits. 
 
 |H«pt«inb«r, 1H64. 
 
 
 ,' 1 
 
 i 
 ' 1 
 
 i! 1 
 
 ; 1 
 
 
 
 '.:l . It 
 
 U ill 
 
 I i 
 
 I :!' 
 
 r^^: 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 then chosen by the men from the inner circles. Several women 
 had younj^ children at their backs. "The gilt bands on their heads, 
 the spiral tails hanging on each side of their broad faces, the boys and 
 girls at play, made altogether a fire subject for a picture." Ou-e-la, 
 speaking for his companions, had requested Hall to take out his 
 choice of furs, first of all. 
 
 The reindeer by this date had nearly all gone south, not to come 
 again till spring. Returning from a lonesome tramp, on -which Hall 
 had made a discovery of wolf-tracks, he was visited by almost all of 
 the Innuits of the village, with their congratulations on his escape 
 from a seeming danger. Their visits were, however, fnst becoming 
 so frequent and protracted as to give him much concern. Fully dis- 
 posed to do nothing but rest in the enjoyment of the fruits of their 
 summer labors, they did little else than visit and eat; "laying oft' 
 and eating, eating, eating." Lounging in Hall's tent the day long and 
 talking with Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too, they became "quite a 
 bore "; particularly as these talks were already bending Too-koo-li- 
 too's mind to an inconveniently slavish obedience to their customs 
 She gave the first proof of this by going off among the rocks to mend 
 her took-too stockings for fear of offending these natives by working at 
 all on took-too within a tent. It was only when all these Innuits had 
 retired to their several tupiks that Hall's company could have a full 
 meal. They must always share it with the unsophisticated children 
 of the North ; " such voracious eaters that th^y always get the lion's 
 share." The evening meal, however, usually consisted of but cold 
 rock-pemmican, tallow-candles, and degenerated meat, and even of this 
 Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too were fortunate if they got half a dozen 
 mouthfuls before all was gone. In very pleasant contrast with this 
 
 f i 
 
 . t, 
 
 I .! ili; 
 
 .±. 
 
Nc'ptcmbcr, IHH4« 
 
 Winter (iame. 
 
 71 
 
 is found an occciaional note of the bring-inj^ in by Rudolph of a fat 
 rabbit, in its winter garb, all white exce})t the tips of its ears, "jet 
 black ;" or of as many as eight or ten snow-i)artridges. Flocks of 
 these birds, in their winter dress, snow white, except their tail-feath- 
 ers, were found in numbers on the sea-shore, after each fall of snow. 
 In the depth of the winter they are scarcely distinguishable from the 
 snow at a distance of 10 feet. 
 
 \- -^\^;^s,~^-»%. 
 
 fen 
 
 d 
 
 is 
 n 
 
 lis 
 
 PTARMIGAN ( Tvimo Lagopus). 
 
72 
 
 An Aurora. 
 
 |M<>plrmb«r, 1^04. 
 
 
 U l\ 
 
 m : 
 
 ill! 11 
 
 I'. 
 
 
 r i 
 
 |M1 
 
 Hall's journal closes the month of September with an imagina- 
 tive comparison between the early snow-storms and Arctic aurora : 
 
 While out on a walk amid the snow-storm this \). m., 1 was struck with the 
 similitude, in some respects, of the appearance of the snow, as it was swept aloiijjf 
 by the winds over the glassy surface of the new-nmde ice of the lakelets, to that 
 of the aurora in these regions when in its full play. I refer to certain peciuliar 
 movements of the one corresponding to the other. If I wished a friend at home 
 to get a fair idea of the movements of the aurora here in its general exhibitions, 
 I shoxdd say go out during the Urst severe snow-storm and get within sight of 
 some smooth ice covering some river, pond, or lake, and watch the snow as it is 
 driven along. Now and then puff's of wind come sweeping along, so to si)eak, 
 rays or beams of snow that seem to play fantastically. Innumerable numbers 
 of these go to make up a most interesting scene. While the aurora, in rays or 
 beams, shoots up vertically, and is of golden hue, and often of prisniatic colors, 
 the snow is swept along horizontally, and is white, the same as the aurora in 
 the sunlight. — White. 
 
 On the 5th of October, Joe brought to Hall some muk-tuk, the 
 black skin of the whale, which was much relished ; but Hall was still 
 suffering from boils on his eyelids. His whole party were sick, and 
 were confined to their tents for several days by a storm. On their 
 recovery, Ebierbing, assisted by Ou-e-la and Armou built for him a 
 large igloo near those which the Innuits had already erected for them- 
 selves. Hall's was built with much care, although it cost but two 
 hours' labor; he found it quite strong and commodious. Its diam- 
 eter was 10 feet. 
 
 The construction of one of these snow-houses, built by the Innuits 
 of this region, is described by him substantially as follows : 
 
 After making trial of several banks of snow, by plunging in their 
 long knives, on finding the proper compactness, they cut blocks 2 to 
 2^ feet in length and about 18 inches in thickness. One set is cut 
 from the spot on which the igloo is to be built, its floor being thus 
 
Oc««b«r, 1864. 
 
 Iglon-Buildinp. 
 
 73 
 
 sunken 18 inches below tlie general surface. In placing the blocks 
 around this excavation, of about 10 feet diameter, the first tier is 
 made up of those which, by increasing regularly in width, form a 
 
 SNOW-KNIFE MADE OF BONE; DEPOSITED BY HALL IN THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITITION. 
 
 spiral from right to left. They are laid from within, each being 
 secured by a bevel on the one last laid and another bevel on the next 
 one below. The joints are well broken. The blocks incline inwardly, 
 thus regularly diminishing the diameter of the igloo and fitting it for 
 the dome or keystone. Thirty-eight blocks were here used. For 
 ventilation, a small hole is usually made by the spear. The crevices 
 are well filled with snow within and without, making it nearly an 
 air-tight structure. For a window, a small opening cut in the dome 
 is filled in usually with a block of clear ice ; in some cases with the 
 scraped inner linings of the seal ; this last makes a light on which 
 the frost does not settle as upon the ice-blocks. The passage-way to 
 the igloo is always long and points toward the south. The Repulse 
 Bay natives shovel up much more snow upon the hut than the Green- 
 landers do. The igloo lamp is sometimes nothing more than a flat 
 stone, about 6 inches in length, placed in a niche cut out of the wall, 
 and having on it a little dry moss for a wick, which is supplied with 
 oil by a slice of blubber from the bear or the seal. A stone lamp of 
 better form, although poor enpugh, will give something of a fair light 
 and warmth. 
 
!f^ 
 
 I 
 
 if 
 
 li ! 
 
 74 
 
 JlalFs Igloo. 
 
 |«N)Mb«r, INtt't. 
 
 Tlio comforts within sucli buildings are of necessity very limited. 
 It is a matter of Hurprise that durin«f the very many tedious Arctic 
 
 IIAM.'S 101.00 AT NOO-WOOK. 
 
 GllOUND PLAN OF TIIK IGLOO. 
 
 hours spent within them by Hall he could bear with fortitude their 
 worst evils ; and could, at the same time, write his notes with such 
 
 ! 
 
 I i 
 
 .'ill 
 
HI. 
 
 (k-telM-r, IfsMI. 
 
 Whdtr Quurfrrs. 
 
 75 
 
 3(1. 
 
 tic 
 
 fiillneHS, study and correct typographical errors iu his liowditch, and 
 work up his ohsorvations. IIo often "wondered at the simplicity to 
 which the necessities of life may ho reduced. J lis house was a 
 
 INNL'IT I.AMI'. 
 
 (Dt'poHiteil by lljill in tho Sinitlisoniun Iimtitiitioii ; tlin i'liictiiro iiieiidt'd by tb" iiativcH, with 
 sinew. DiniunHionH: Lcn^tb, 20 incbuu; dcptli, llj iuchcH to Imnn of llanjut-; liiin>;<', i.'jt 
 iuchcH tliiitlv, '2 incLi!8 high.) 
 
 building without a corner, without props or braces; the wall, roof, 
 and door a unity, yet so strong as to defy the power of tho fiercest 
 Arctic gales." 
 
 Hall was now fairly established in his winter quarters. His 
 instruments for making his observations were as yet unhurt. He had 
 no apprehensions as to a want of provision. The Sylvia and other 
 boats were safely housed. And it may not be a matter too trivial in 
 this case to be noticed that P^bierbing, by the use of scissors, })lied the 
 vocation of barber to Hall's beard, over which a razor had not passed 
 for six years. "Its length had been a special protection in the sunnner 
 months against those tremendous blood-suckers called in the English 
 tongue mosquitoes, which abound in swarms here." I'his last state- 
 ment may be remembered in contrast with the experience of Parry's 
 men in the higher latitude of Winter Harbor in June. Parry says : 
 "The mosquito," Culex pipiens, "was never of the least annoyance 
 to us, as is the case on the shores of Hudson's Bay and other cold 
 countries." 
 
76 
 
 Letter to Chapel. 
 
 [October, 1864. 
 
 (.ill; 
 
 Some weeks after this, Hall wrote to his friend, the captain of the 
 Monticello, at Depot Island : 
 
 I excbaugod tent for snow-hoiisc, and have now been in the igloo sixty days, 
 and all the time as comfortable as I ever was in winter in my life. Yon A»'onld l)o 
 quite interested in taking a walk through my winter quarters; one main igloo for 
 myself and Eskimo children (Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too), and three igloos, all 
 Joined to the main, for store-houses. A low, croolced passage-way of some .W feet 
 in length, made of snow, leads into our residence, which, as you will know from 
 the word igloo, means a snow-house ; its shape is hemispherical. 1 never before 
 knew any Eskimos so provident as this tribe or clan I am wintering with. I doubt 
 not they have four hundred or more of reindeer, killed last summer, on deposit 
 within the distance of a circle of 20 miles in diameter. We are now living on 
 polar-bear and walrus meat. Five polar bears, some musk-oxen, a great many 
 partridges, and four walruses have been killed since arriving among the natives, 
 besides a large number of reindeer. 
 
 f \ 
 
 n^l 
 
 :, 
 
 ■i 1: 
 
 i ;' ■ 
 
 III ::1i 
 
.«*«!.•»« .iiiw^*. 
 
 F 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 w- 
 
 INTERCOUUSE WITH THK INNUirS-THEIR KKASTS 
 
 AND HUNTS. 
 
 OCTOBER TO DECEMBJiR 31, 18G4. 
 
 m 
 
II f 
 
 'II 
 
 liii 
 
 ; 
 
 ■If •;■ 
 
 :>' li: 
 
 ■ !' 
 
 i 
 I I j 
 
C ri A P T E R 1 V . 
 
 Hall's ministrations to the sufferinc — Their gratitude— Feasts described — EBiERnixtj 
 
 ANKOOTED— An AURORA — MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY ERECTED — SlEDGE JOURNEY DOWN 
 
 THE Welcome— Musk-ox hunt — A fox caught in his own trap— Customs in making 
 
 REINDEER I>KPOSITS — A BEAR SLAIN — PREPARATION OF SKINS — HaLL'S SEAL HUNT — PLAY- 
 ING THE KEY-LOW-TIK — REMOVAL TO TOE WALIiUS-GROlTNDS— OU-E-LA'S InNUIT STORIES — 
 
 Visit iiv the natives to the whale-ships at Depot Island— Alleged reasons for 
 
 ADVICE given by THE INNUITS TO DR. RaE IN 1854 — DISCOVERY THAT A DAY HAD BEEN 
 LOST IN THE RECKONING— I'RESENTS RECEIVED FROM THE WHALERS— SUCCESSFUL WALRUS 
 HUNT. 
 
 A gale from the northwest, which had prevailed for three days, 
 was followed on the 8th by a day with scarcely a cloud in the sky. 
 The temperature was quite low ; the thermometer inside the tent had 
 read 10°. Hall with difficulty wrote out his notes, and began to fear 
 he might lose his ink. Digging out from a wide snow-drift a box 
 which contained two standard thermometers, he was glad to find them 
 nnbroken. They showed a temperature of 20°, the air outside the 
 drift being 10°. 
 
 Although still suffering much from an abscess close to the ball 
 of his right eye, and fearing that the left eye was also endangered, he 
 had occasion to renew his visits of assistance to the natives, to supply 
 
 79 
 
80 
 
 Relief Given to the Sid;. 
 
 [October, IS04. 
 
 u 
 
 ' r! 
 I '1 
 
 I : 
 i i 
 
 their necessities both of food and medicine. He found them entirely 
 out of provision. Coming quickly at his call, they made a meal with 
 him on a quarter of a pound of pemmican each, and took back a 
 supply for the breakfast of the women and children. Shc-nook-shoo, 
 Ook-har-Ioo's son, was quite sick in his snow-house. His fever was 
 arrested, and he was restored, partly by medicines and partly by 
 nutritious food, the supply of which was controlled. The cooking, 
 Ook-har-loo I'efused to have done in a kob-lu-na's igloo. 
 
 The poor people were not lacking in a free showing of thankful- 
 ness by words and acts. They had abundance of deer-meat within a 
 radius of 25 miles; probably three hundred reindeer scattered over 
 the country in the different deposits which in their late hunting 
 season they had made, and which they now frequented to bring in 
 these supplies. Intercourse between them and Hall became still more 
 familiar. He often dined out ; and as often invited them to pemmican 
 and coffee. 
 
 A cordial invitation and a full feast are thus described : Return- 
 ing from a walk to his third encampment, when coming near the 
 igloos, a band of boys and girls came running to meet him, crying 
 out, "/fi-efc, kal-la, ea-tu, ea-tu; took-too tood-noo, am-a-suit!^^ "Come 
 quick, for reindeer-meat and tallow are jdenty." Following the youth- 
 ful company to the igloos, he found a heavy load of deer skins and 
 meat just brought in on a sledge from one of the deposits. A whole 
 deer was part of the load. All the women of the village were present, 
 as this was to be an unusual feast. The meat was placed in one of 
 two igloos which were connected by a passage 10 feet in length, and of 
 sufficient height for a man to stand up in it erect. In one igloo were 
 the women ; in the other, the whole reindeer was on the table-cloth — 
 
 I] I ;i ^ 
 
 
 iif> 
 
 A 
 
m 
 
 Oclobrr. 1864. 
 
 An Innuit Feast. 
 
 81 
 
 n- 
 le 
 
 le 
 i- 
 d 
 e 
 
 t, 
 )f 
 )f 
 
 a took-too skin — before which stood Ou-e-la, naked from his waist 
 n\), with hand-saw and hatchet to carve. Hall presented each of the 
 men with a long knife, with his own name marked on the blade. 
 He enjoyed the meat, which was good, as well as the reindeer-fat, 
 which was 2 inches thick and abundant. On visiting the women's 
 if/Joo, he found Mother Ooh-bar-ho with an old one-eyed lady and all 
 the younger ones seated around a pile of meat, having a happy time ; 
 three others, with their naked infants at their backs, sitting near, on 
 the bed-])lace, Turk-fashion. 
 
 At another dinner, which consisted of boiled deer-meat and soup 
 made of the blood, Hall thought the cooking was l^etter than that 
 from iron pans and pots ; and he says that the stronger the venison, 
 even if putrid, the better he and the Innuits relished it. " It has a 
 rich flavor, while fresh venison is almost tasteless." On the 14th, he 
 dined at Nu-ker-zhoo's, "Jack's," on the usual fare of frozen deer-meat, 
 having lunched on black-whale tail with relish. At supper his own 
 invited guests feasted on a soup made by cooking pemmican, Borden 
 meat, and biscuit in a liberal quantity of water. Hot coffee with 
 raw frozen venison was found to be distasteful. "Thi two do not go 
 well together, for after a drink of hot liquid the icy venison makes 
 the teeth ache. The change is entirely too great. The Innuits take 
 all their warm drink first; they have sound teeth." 
 
 He now began to discuss his plans with them more fully in order 
 to ascertain what assistance they would render him ; proposing to pro- 
 ceed to Iwille, or IioiUik (Repulse Bay), with the whole company, and 
 there make his headquarters, and thence move on by sledges to Neit- 
 chille, Boothia Felix. He would there determine upon the best way of 
 
 reaching King AVilliam's Land. The Innuits agreed to assist him, but 
 S. Ex. 27 (5 
 
82 
 
 The An-fje-lo Orders Hall to Burn His Clothes, lociobcr, iso-i. 
 
 I! ! 
 
 '4 ^ 
 
 ■r t; 
 
 f ; 
 
 !;j 
 
 advised that the whole company go well armed to Neitchille, as there 
 existed a strong war-like feeling between the natives of that region 
 and those of Iwillik. 
 
 Hoping to remove every obstacle in the way of accomplishing 
 the object of his expedition, he accepted their advice and snbjected 
 himself to the unreasonable demands of the customs, prejudices, and 
 even of the superstitions of the natives. As an instance of the last of 
 these, he now submitted to the loss of even his most valuable garments, 
 since an an-fje-ko (conjurer or medicine man) required them to be 
 burned after he had professedly cured Ebierbing from sickness, llnll 
 consented to believe that Ebierbing seemed much better after the 
 operation, but was unprepared for the an-ge-Ms decree, that his own 
 reindeer-skins, and those of his two Eskimo companions, should be 
 destroyed. The favor of the Innuits was, however, thus kept up; 
 they had already given him many skins, and he felt sure they would 
 give morOj if needed. He began to hope that these people, about forty 
 in number, were becoming bound to him by strong ties, and would 
 co-operate with him on his journey. He thought them the best of the 
 Eskimos with whom he had met ; and, willing to adapt himself to their 
 habits in every respect, he discarded his outer clothing at this early 
 stage of the season, and dressed himself in a full Innuit suit. 
 
 The varying temperature of this part of the month kept the whole 
 party watchful of the state of their snow-houses, which were further 
 endangered by their heated atmosphere, when crowded by visitors day 
 and night. On the 15th the thermometer read 34° all day inside, and 
 27°, 80°, and 28° outside. The domes of all the igloos of the village 
 were riddled with holes and threatened to cave in. Hall's had one 
 prop to keep up the dome during the day, and at night he added two 
 
 PI ii 
 
 
October, 1H64.! 
 
 An Aurora. 
 
 S3 
 
 Ho 
 
 more, and watched his chronometers close at his side, that lie might 
 shelter them if the roof should fall. Awaking next morning he found 
 a dozen large windows which had been made by the melting snow. 
 The ])remises were then vacated, and his friends took down the old 
 walls and rebuilt him a house, handling the snow-blocks with great 
 care, as they lacked their usual compactness. Again anxiously watch- 
 ing the thermometer, at 8 p. m. he found it read 31°, the wind being 
 from the southeast with snow, which, if it changed to rain, would bring 
 down every igloo in the village; but, at 1 a. m. of the Kith, the wind 
 shifting to the northeast brought the thermometer down to 0°. The 
 weather cleared up. 
 
 An aurora, seen on the night of the 18th, is thus described in the 
 journals : 
 
 At 10 p. ni. I went out, and the aurora was spanning the azure vault. A 
 smart breeze from the north was Wowing nearly the whole night. This seemed 
 to add to the briskness of the merry dancers as they crossed the heavens to anil 
 fro. An hour before, the sky was clear, not a cloud or an aurora ray to be seen; 
 now, a belt extended across the heavens, arch-like, some 25° above tlie horizon, its 
 direction being from southeast to northwest. I watched the rising arch. Every 
 few moments gave varied and magnificent changes. At length pat<;hes of aurora 
 burst forth here Jiud there. Gradually the main arch reached the zenith, and then 
 was the grand jiart of the scene. Much of what was before in perpendicular rays 
 shot athwart and across the heavens swiftly like a river of molten gold, here and 
 there forming vast whirlpools, here and there an eddy, here and there a cataract 
 of stupendous fall. When above my head, it seemed less than a ])istol-shot dis- 
 tant. Indeed, it was near by. When I moved quickly, running up to the fop of 
 the hill by the igloo, making a distance of less than 50 fathoms, the arch of the 
 aurora, that seemed stationary while 1 was by the iyloo and in transitu, was now 
 several degrees to the southicest of me. I returned as quickly to the ifiJoo, and 
 the auroral belt was directly overhead. So small a base, with so palpable a 
 change in the bearing of the auroia, ju'oved that it must have been quite close to 
 the earth. A ball of fire fell during the display, and burst Just before it reached 
 the earth, throwing out prismatic sciutiUations in every direction. 
 
84 
 
 Noise from the Aurora (f). 
 
 [Orlobrr, I NO I. 
 
 -r 
 
 
 i'i \l 
 
 l> 
 
 Hall found himself unable to decide whether any noise actually 
 proceeded from the aurora. On questioning the Innuits as to whether 
 they were accustomed to hear noises during its dis[)lay, they answered 
 **Yes;"oneof them endeavoring to imitate the sound by a puffing 
 noise from his mouth, which noise, Hall says, did remarkably accord 
 with what he thought he had heard himself during the time of the 
 most active displays.* Auroral action of equal interest occurred 
 repeatedly during the month. 
 
 On the 21st, Hall endeavored to erect a magnetic observatory. 
 Armou cut out the snow-blocks and sledged them to the center of a 
 fresh-water pond about fifty yards from the iyloo and covered with ice 
 several feet in thickness. Hall assisted in the building, passing the blocks 
 of snow, which on the back and on the north side of the building were 
 placed in two tiers half way up, making a double wall to shield from 
 
 * Lieutenant Hooper, K. N., second in eunuuiind of Lieutenant PuUen's Uoat-Expedition 
 from Icy Cape to Mackenzie Hiver, spent the winter of 1849-50 near Fort Franklin, on ]{ear 
 Lake. He wrote in his Journal ; " I have heard the aurora, not once, but many times ; not faintly 
 and indistinctly, hut loudly iind unmistakably; now from this quarter, now from that, now from 
 one point on high, and at another time from one low down. At first it seemed to resemble the 
 sound of iield-ice, then it was like tlie sound of a water-mill, and, at last, like the whirring of a 
 cauuon-shot heard from a Hlu)rt distance." 
 
 But at a later date in his Arctic life Hooper says : " I fancied that I heard this aurora, but 
 the noise was indubitably produced by the cracking of the ice on the lake." 
 
 "There is no satisfactory evidence," says Professor Loomis, " that the aurora ever emits an 
 aiuliblo sound. The sound 8up])osed to have been heard has been described as ix rustling, hiss- 
 ing, crackling noise. But the most comp(^tent <ibservers, who have spent several winters in the 
 Arctic Regions, where auroras are seen in their greatest l)rilliancy, have been convinced that this 
 sui>posed rustling is a mere illusion. It is, therefore, inferred that the sounds which have been 
 ascribed to the aurora must have been due to other causes, such as the motion of the wind, or the 
 crackling of the snow and ice in consequence of their low temperature. If the aurora emitted 
 any audible sound, this soniul ought to follow the auroral movement after a considerable inter- 
 val. Sound requires four nunutes to travel a disiatice of 50 miles. But the observers who report 
 noises succeeding auroral movements make no mention of any interval. It is, therefore, inferred 
 tli.it the sounds which have been heard during auroral exhibitions are to be ascril>ed to other 
 causes than the aurora." (Treatise on Meteorology, p. IfiC.) 
 
 Ilearno says that the Northern Indians call the aurora ed-thin, i. v., deer, from their hav- 
 ing seen hairy deer-skin, when briskly stroked, emit electric sparks. The Son .icrn Indians 
 believe it to be the spirits of departed friends dani'ing. When the aurora varies in color and 
 form, they say their deeea.sed friemls are row/ mrrnj. 
 
 f 
 
Oi'l«h<!r, IMH'i. 
 
 First S/c(l(/c Trl]). 
 
 85 
 
 lis 
 
 the coldest gules. A hirge snow-block fashioned Into a cohunn .'5 
 feet in height was set upright in the center of the observatory, and 
 its top rounded off by another block. The whole was made into solid 
 ice by i)ouring water on it. The house was now ready for the dip 
 circle which had been loaned by the United States Coast Survey. 
 The circle was luifortunately broken before it could be used with 
 success.* 
 
 Discovering that his ink was frozen solid, he tried the succassful 
 experiment of boiling down about a pint to a thick paste, obtaining, by 
 diluting this, a supply for his present use, and })reserving his ink- 
 })owder and anti-freezing ink, the gift of the American Bank Note 
 Company of New York. 
 
 KSKIMO SLED. 
 
 On the 22d a sledge journey of 10 miles was made down the 
 Welcome, to give the hungry dogs of the Innuits a full meal from a 
 whale's carcass. The runners of this sled, made of 2-incli plank, were 
 16 feet long, each being shod with bone from the jaw of a whale. Its 
 15 cross-bars made of staves, each 3 feet 4 inches long and 5 inches 
 
 'Ijcforc Hall left New York Mr. .Ijiiiich Green, iustruiiieiit-inaker, net up lliis cirele on 
 ■.noimd adjoiiiin}; Mr. KuUieri'urd'H observatory and wcut through a set of oliservatious and oi 
 e.\|)laua(tMy iustruetiou with Hall.. 
 
'ii'" 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 T/^c l^irs^ Musk-ox Hunt. 
 
 lOrlobrr, INUI. 
 
 wide, were lashed to the top of the ninnors by strong strips of walrus- 
 hide. This i)lay of the runners makes the Eskimo sled superior to all 
 others in its flexibility over hummocky ice. Their depth was 9 inches, 
 and the width of the sled outside of them, 3 feet. 
 
 The four Innuits, Ou-e-la, Ar-too-a, Nit-kcr-shoo, and Oong-oo-too, 
 accompanied Hall, the dog team being made up of fifteen dogs. Un- 
 able to find the whale by reason of the quantity of pack-ice which had 
 been forced on shore, the party crossed a bight and succeeded in satis- 
 fying the dogs from the carcasses of two bears, which were with diffi- 
 culty uncovered from a frozen mass of stones. Making upon the rocks 
 a scanty meal from what they had brought with them without touch- 
 ing the bear-meat, they lighted their pipes and took a good smoke. 
 Then placing some provision within two deer skins which were made 
 up by thongs into rolls to be drawn by the dogs, they started on a 
 westerly course inland to visit some of the reindeer deposits. The 
 sled was left behind. 
 
 A more exciting scene now offered itself. Ou-e-la soon discov- 
 ered the tracks of musk-oxen, and brought up the whole party by his 
 cries of ^^ Oo-ming-mung, Oo-ming-mungJ^ Quickly deciding that the 
 tracks were not very old, and that the animals might be sighted, they 
 entered on what the natives regard as their great hunt. The tracks 
 freshened. The animals were not, however, sighted during the day. 
 The party had to get up an igloo and retire to rest with but a scanty 
 meal of about 3^ ounces for each man, part of which consisted of 
 
 ** casino." 
 
 Outside of the igloo, the thermometer showed 16° and inside, 25°; 
 a temperature pronounced uncomfortable by the four warm-blooded 
 Innuits and the one pale-face, all of whom slept closely sandwiched. 
 
 A- I 
 
OrtolM-r, INHI.I 
 
 The First Musk-Ox Jliiiif. 
 
 S7 
 
 Hairs liead {lud shoulders were Jietween two of his friends, while his 
 feet and lej^s were mixed up with those of the other two. Early 
 in the morniu}^, after smoking in bed, his companions g'avo him 
 the oidy breakfast which could be had — the marrow melted during- 
 the night from a few reindeer-bones kept close by their flat stone 
 lamp. They then slaked their thirst from a lakelet, cutting- the ice 
 to the depth of 18 inches, and resumed their hunt. Following the 
 tracks which led in different directions, at one time southwardly toward 
 the "Great Sea" (Hudson's Bay), and at others for long distances 
 over hill and valley, at length they descried two animals on the top 
 of a hill at the opposite end of a lake. The dogs were immediately 
 loosed, but very soon some could not be jn-evented from turning aside 
 to the tracks of reindeer. After considerable delay, however, they 
 were again brought together by the cries of the Innuits, whose sharp, 
 experienced eyes readily discriminated between the tracks of the 
 reindeer and those of the musk-ox. The hoofs of both are as large 
 as those of the common ox, and much the same in appearance; but 
 the little knobs — fetlocks (?) — behind the hoofs are the tell-tale be- 
 tween the tracks, those of the reindeer being more prominent and 
 longer. The stand-droppings of the deer are like those of the sheep; 
 of the musk-cattle, ''much like those from our cattle when dry- 
 fed." 
 
 The party at this time had much difficulty in the pursuit, the 
 snow being too soft to sui)port their weight. As much as possible of 
 the route was selected over the bare rocks, in passing over which they 
 came frequently to places where the musk bull or cow had pawed 
 through the snow and fed upon the grass and mosses of the soil; 
 uimiistakable signs also appeared of their having lain down and rested 
 
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 IMAGE EVALUATION 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
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88 
 
 A Fox Cauffht in His Own Trap. 
 
 [Oclchcr, I8«4. 
 
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 through the night. Two of the Innuits went forward to follow up the 
 tracks to which some of the dogs had continued to keep close. 
 
 Hall, with Ou-c-la and Ar-too-a, turned aside to visit a reindeer 
 deposit. Noticing the tracks of a fox, on close examination they found 
 a hole through a snow-bank which covered a cache, and on loosening 
 some of the stones discovered a fox alongside of the meat within. He 
 was dead and frozen hard as a rock. The hungry fellow had buiTowed 
 through the drift and forced his gaunt body in through a very small 
 hole between the stones. But he had so gorged himself that it was 
 impossible for him to get back through the hole by which he had 
 entered. The meat was left untouched, for the Innuits cannot eat 
 what a fox has meddled with. Ou-e-Ia led the way to another cache, 
 which he opened, but only by a very severe hammering of one stone 
 upon another to unloose the mass, locked up as it was by the ice A 
 bountiful repast was made by the hungry travelers from the best parts 
 of the meat, while the legs and head were re-cached for future use. 
 
 Hall notes that the custom of the Innuits when making these 
 deposits is to throw down the carcass of the slain deer, and then to place 
 upon and around it the head, legs, shoulders, and saddle ; covering the 
 whole with a heavy pile of stones. The frozen mass soon becomes so 
 solid that any one but an Innuit would expect to separate it only by 
 blasting, or by the use of the pick and the crow-bar. The Innuit perse- 
 veringly divides it by using a wedge-shaped stone, on which he strikes 
 his blows with another often weighing 100 pounds. 
 
 After visiting this deposit, Ou-e-la catching up the distant sound 
 of the dogs, by the use of Hall's glass descried his companions about 
 four miles distant, standing by the side of a slain ox. The party again 
 slaking their thirst at a lakelet, the water of which, as usual, was 
 
October, J8tt4. 
 
 A Bear-Hunt. 
 
 89 
 
 filled with small vermin, soon joined their companions. The slain 
 animal was immediately cut up and hauled to the igloo, within which 
 all rested more comfortably on the night following-, reposing on a 
 part of their prize, the soft woolly skm, which felt like a feather-bed. 
 Having no blubber for oil, they could h.ive no light. In the morning, 
 after making more than one meal on their fresh meat, they succeeded 
 in getting their spoils to the place where they had left their sledge, 
 which they now heavily loaded. An addition of reindeer and bear 
 meat made up a weight in all of neai-ly 3,000 pounds, a heavy burden 
 of 200 pounds for each of the dogs. They arrived at home early in 
 the afternoon, the state of the weather having dissuaded them from 
 pursuing the second musk-ox. 
 
 The day following, after a long pursuit by eight of the Innuits 
 and their boys with guns, spears, and dogs, the party at times travel- 
 ing over very rough ice and then on the new sea-ice which in some 
 places treacherously opened under them, a bear was slain by a third 
 ball, after his taking to the open water A line passed through his 
 jaws brought the carcass on the floe, where, the weight of the animal 
 being reduced by removing his entrails, the prize was at last secured 
 by being drawn by ropes fastened through his nose and to each of his 
 fore paws over the thin ice and across the fissures to the firm land 
 While Hall was assisting in dragging this bear, he repeatedly broke 
 tlirough the ice into the sea. 
 
 His next trip was with two parties of the Innuits coasting on 
 two sleds — one 10 feet in length, the other 6 — over ice so rough 
 that "as they went along banging and thumping over it the very 
 life seemed to be shaken out, and with difficulty they clung to the 
 sleds." Arriving at a place where they, some time before, had made 
 
90 
 
 .1 Dainty Feast 
 
 lOclsbvr, ]H«4. 
 
 ill 
 
 V. <\' 
 
 I'l., , 
 
 I ' 
 
 
 ' 
 
 ■• ',1 
 
 a deposit under a boat, and turning it up by the use of the mast 
 as a lever, tlie Innuits selected some needed things; among them a 
 keg of blubber, which they presented to him. Their meal on this 
 trip was again made on the skin from the tail of the black whale. 
 Seals were seen, but, following their custom, the Innuits would not 
 now hunt them, not having finished their work on the reindeer-skins. 
 Until tlie walrus season begins, when they may have killed the bear or 
 seal they only make a deposit of the animal. 
 
 The 8up})ly of venison being still abundant, feasting in the village 
 was an every-day affair. When the invitations were general, as on the 
 29th, the feast was held in two connected igloos, in one of which all the 
 women sat, as usual, Turk fashion, on their snow-bench bed, while in the 
 center lay a huge pile of raw frozen venison and tood-noo, reindeer-fat. 
 In the other igloo the men crowded close together; the walls of both 
 resounding with peals of laughter, above the confusion of tongues. When 
 they began the feast, a large piece of venison was picked up by one and 
 the edge of it taken between the teeth which answered admirably as a 
 vice to hold it fast, while the knife in the right hand was plied with saw 
 movements near the nose, cutting the meat downward, but with danger 
 to nose and lips. In this way as large a piece of meat was cut off as 
 (rould be gotten into a widely-distended mouth. The main piece was 
 then passed to the next guest, who followed suit. The tood-noo, in its 
 turn, was served in the same way. The eyes of the reindeer were a 
 delicate morsel. A dish of reindeer heads and necks, boiled with 
 water and a large quantity of reindeer-blood making rich soup, some- 
 times closes the feast. Each guest takes a sup of this in turn until 
 it is gone. The woman of the house then licks the ook-sook (pot), clean 
 and prepares her own mess. The children are stuffed almost to suffo- 
 
 Is 
 
October, kM04.i 
 
 Preparation of Iteimkvr-nkins. 
 
 91 
 
 cation. The meals beiiifj: finished, each one scrapes the grease from 
 liis face into his mouth and licks his fingers. 
 
 The Innuits husily employed themselves during the remainder of 
 the ojjcn season in the preparation of reindeer-skins for dresses and 
 bed-coverings ; their custom in this differing from that of the natives of 
 Cumberland Sound, in the help given to the women by the men. The 
 processes for this, Hall says, are ; first, to scrape the skin by an 
 instrument called sek-koon (by the Frobisher Bay Innuits, tcg-se- 
 koon). This instrument is about 6 inches long, including the handle, 
 
 Bono edge. Iron edge. 
 
 SKK-KOON8 OU SKIN-SCKAl'EKS, HALF SIZE. 
 
 (Deposited by Hall at the Sniitbsoniaii Institution, Washington.) 
 
 and is made of a peculiar kind of whet or oil stone, or else of musk-ox 
 or reindeer bone, or of sheet-iron. The second step is to dry the skins 
 thoroughly; the third, to scrape again with the sek-koon, taking off 
 
I 
 
 92 
 
 An-koo-ting. 
 
 [Oclsbcr. 1864. 
 
 I '^- 
 
 every bit of the flesh ; the fourth, to wet the flesh side and wrap it up 
 for thirty minutes, and then again scrape with the seh-koon-, which last 
 operation is followed by cliewing- the skin all over, and again scraj)ing 
 and cross-scraping with the instrument. These laborious processes 
 Hall describes as resulting " in the breaking of the skin, making the 
 stiff hide soft-finished like the chamois-skin." The whole work is 
 often completed within an hour. 
 
 Within the week which followed, an-koo-tiny was again practiced 
 in the igloos. On two occasions Ebierbing earnestly pleaded that the 
 (ui-ge-ko would relieve him from rheumatism with which he had 
 severely suffered. With Hall's consent he propitiated the an-ge-ko 
 by the present of one of his two-quart tin coffee-buckets. When 
 the hour came, a large deer-skin was suspended in the back part 
 of the igho. The an-gcko, who on this occasion proved to be 
 Ar-too-a, entered with three men and the old woman Ook-bar-loo, and 
 iuunediately asked that the light on the table, where Hall had seated 
 himself to take notes, should be put; out. The wide-extended wick of 
 the Eskimo lamp also was thumbed down, except a bit at one end, 
 which gave just light enough to make the scene gloomy and cold. 
 The an-gc'-ko then took off his boots, and, standing on the bed-place, 
 made a speech of about ten minutes, during which Mother Ook-bar- 
 loo's nuisical voice in the v, oil-known song, "Am-na-yu-ya," contrasted 
 strangely with the hoarse tones of the an-gc-ko, who sometimes made 
 the dome of the snow-house shake. Ebierbing cried out from time to 
 time, ^^At-tee! At-tee!" (Good! Good! goon). ^w-^e-Ao then slipped 
 ([uietly behind the curtain and made a sort of fluttering with his mit- 
 tened hands, occasionally uttering a few words which seemed to be in 
 the tone of petition to the Great Unknown. When Ebierbing was 
 
 I 
 
Orlobrr, IM6'I.| 
 
 Hall Aims at a Seal. 
 
 93 
 
 operated on a second time, tlie ceremony was essentially the same. 
 The company patiently awaited the an-ge-ko's Jipi)earance for half an 
 hour, when he entered hununing an Eskimo song, and then retiring, 
 re-entered with the same song in the low door-way, Ook-har-loo again 
 striking up her monotony. Among his antics at this lime he grappled 
 with and, with a seeming supernatural strength, readily threw down 
 two of the strongest Innuits. 
 
 Ot this an-lioo-ting the chant is the most striking feature; it is low 
 and monotonous, and often broken by the suppressed sobs and moaning 
 of the sick. The grim, swarthy faces of the men and women spectrally 
 illuminated by the fitful gleams of the stone lamp, and their dark bodies 
 swaying awkwardly to and fro and keeping time to the rude intona- 
 tions of their barbarous songs, make up a wild and unearthly scene. 
 
 The last day of October was comparatively warm ; the wind 
 was southerly. From the top of a neighboring hill. Hall saw with 
 his marine glass a number of seals, from two to three miles to the 
 northeast, basking on a floe. One of them especially tempted him, 
 as it was seen very near hummocky ice, which might servo as a mask 
 until he could get within rifle-shot. Crossing the shallow bay, and 
 trudging weai'ily over the very rough ice in some places so massive 
 as to hide the animal entirely from view, he at length again caught 
 sight of it by peering from the height of a pile of ice that had been 
 thrown up by pressure. But before he could come within rifle-shot, he 
 was compelled to wind his way through a labyrinth of high masses 
 of old ice from the far north which had grounded here, and were 
 keeping the new ice between them in a dangerous state for traveling. 
 The ice over which he walked was covered, too, with crystals which 
 
I :K 
 
 • r' 
 
 i 
 
 I. . 
 
 r i' 
 
 III 
 
 3! f 
 
 94 
 
 Meteorological Observations. 
 
 [Norrmbrr, 1864. 
 
 crisped so loudly under the foot that he could make his advance 
 only while the seal was taking its cat-naps, which he found to vary 
 from half a minute to a minute each only; he watched for these 
 very closely. To secure a good position and a support for his rifle, he 
 was obliged at last to throw himself flat on the ice, and hitch himself 
 along, Eskimo fashion. In this way he got within fair range, and, peer- 
 ing through a crevice in the hummock, saw the seal shake its flippei*s, 
 roll from side to side, and then drop its head for what he hoped would 
 be its last nap. After taking careful aim, he thought for a few seconds 
 that he surely had his prize ; but on firing, the seal with one bound 
 plunged handsomely through its hole into the sea, leaving him only the 
 grim satisfaction of finding enough oil at the hole to show that his shot 
 had taken effect. He knew that unless a seal is killed at the instant, it 
 is lost ; for it lies close to its hole, and generally with its head hanging 
 over the edge, ready for a plunge. A deep fissure in the ice before him 
 prevented any further efibrts in this direction. 
 
 The Ist of November was a day of storm, the wind blowing a 
 gale and the snow flying furiously. Hall commenced making his me- 
 teorological observations seven times a day. He had previously 
 to this registered three times only ; — morning, noon, and night. He 
 now added the hours 3 a. m., 9 a. m., 3 p. m., and 9 p. m. Nine of the 
 thermometers presented to him by Tagliabue, of New York, were still 
 at liis command. They agreed well at the higher temperatures, but 
 below zero their differences showed as much as ten degrees. He suc- 
 ceeded in neatly repairing his sextant, using the tube of a broken ther- 
 mometer as a blow-pipe and some "magic salve" as a flux. 
 
 On renewing his plans for the coming season, the Innuits pro- 
 posed to make their way early to Iwillik for their own purposes. 
 
 § 
 
NsTcmbcr, IN«4.| 
 
 The Innuits will go to Iti pulse Baij in the Sprhif/. !)r) 
 
 Tlie first stopping-place on their route would be Oo-koo-ish-e-lik, 
 Wager Bay, where they would build hjloos and hunt the nuisk, the 
 bear, and the seal. Quite early in the season a passage could bo made 
 by boats along the land-ice to Repulse Bay. Hall thought tliat he 
 could go on with them to X fitch ille, and there learn the best way of 
 advancing his original ])lans, which, however, he already saw W()ul( I 
 require length of time, particularly to gain the sufficiently strong con- 
 fidence of the Innuits to induce them to accompany him to King 
 William's Land. His record says : " I must not say I will do so and 
 so, but rather say I will do the work I came to perform (God helping 
 me), take whatever time it will." Up to the 10th of the month his 
 party had opened but a small part of the provision brought from the 
 Monticello, and he had given the larger share of this, including 90 
 pounds of pemmican, to his Innuit friends. But in turn he had been 
 so generously feasted on reindeer, that he thought if he could live 
 ** one-fifth as well " during the remainder of his stay, he would have 
 nothing to complain of. 
 
 CUP AND ItALL. 
 
 (Deposited at the SiuitbHOuian Institution.) 
 
 The tribe was far from lacking a natural love of amusement. 
 They had learned the games of checkers and dominos, doubtless from 
 
il 
 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 MM 
 
 H^i 
 
 
 iMNi 
 
 
 96 
 
 The Key-low-tik. 
 
 INavealMtr, IMttl. 
 
 the whalers, and it seemed possible to teach them chess. A favorite 
 game was that of the cup and ball. 
 
 They gave him an amusing exhibition of one of their serio-comic 
 diversions. This was a performance on the kcy-Iow-tlk, their bass- 
 drum; the only nmsical instrument which he found among them. The 
 instrument itself, and the changing characters from the comic and gro- 
 tesque to the serious and superstitious, earned through the perform- 
 ances by both men and women, are described at some length. 
 
 
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 ^K^ 
 
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 i 
 
 
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 <tr 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^*s0^ .%» 
 
 
 
 
 .r, ^'«*--j;'^'*M!Mte 1 
 
 Wi«iirJll 
 
 
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 HHMtiii 
 
 IB 
 
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 luH^V 
 
 iPPf 
 
 1' 
 
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 T^.=|g='^-„ ^iff- '\^a^y ^9'' -' " 
 
 
 
 ---^?=3fe. ,=»= 
 
 ~^- -^^^s-^- ■'':.' jj'-WjjT- ', -i^ v-- 
 
 PLAYING THE KEY-LOW-TIK. 
 
 The drum is made from the skin of the deer, which is stretched 
 over a hoop made of wood, or of bone from the fin of a whale, b}' the 
 
 J V 
 
 II 
 
N«Temb«r, 1864.] 
 
 Vreparation of the Kci/-low-tik. 
 
 97 
 
 use of a Htrong braided cord of sinew passed around a ^oove on the 
 outside. The Jioop is about 2^ inches wide, 1^ inches thick, and 3 
 feet in diameter, the whole instrument weighing about 4 jjounds. The 
 wooden drumstick, 10 inches in length and 3 inches in diameter, is 
 called a ken-toon. 
 
 I 
 
 KEY-LOW-TIK. 
 
 Hall gives, in substance, this account of the process of prepar- 
 ing the key-low-tik : The deer-skin which is to be the head of 
 the instrument is kept frozen when not in use. It is then thor- 
 oughly saturated with water, drawn over the hoop, and temporarily 
 fastened in its place by a piece of sinew. A line of heavy, twisted, 
 sinew, about 50 feet long, is now wound tightly on the groove on the 
 outside of the hoop, binding down the skin. This cord is fastened to 
 the handle of the key-low-tik, which is made to turn by the force of 
 several men (while its other end is held firmly), and the line eased out 
 as required. To do this a man sits on the bed-platform, "having one 
 or two turns of the line about his body which is incased in furred 
 deer-skins, and empaled by four upright pieces of wood." Tension is 
 secured by using a round stick of wood as a lever on the edge of the 
 
 skin, drawing it from beneath the cord. When any whirring sound is 
 S. Ex. 27 7 
 
98 
 
 raying the Keif-low-tik. 
 
 tN«r«inlM<r, 1864. 
 
 ,1 
 
 heard, little wliisps of reindeer-hair are tucked in between the skin and 
 the hoop, until the head is as tight as a drum. 
 
 When the kcij-lotv-tik is played, the drum-handle is held in the left 
 hand of the performer, who strikes the edge of the rim opposite that 
 over which the skin is stretched. lie holds the drum'in different posi- 
 tions, but keeps it in a constant fan-like motion by his hand and by 
 the blows of the ken-toon struck alternately on the opposite sides of 
 the edge. Skillfully keeping the drum vibrating on the handle, ho 
 accompanies this with grotesque motions of the body, and at intervals 
 with a song, while the women keep up their own Innuit songs, one 
 after another, through the whole j)erformance. 
 
 At this first exhibition which Hall witnessed some twenty-five 
 men, women, and children — every one who could leave home — assem- 
 bled to see the skill of the performers, who would try the newly-fin- 
 ished instiniment. As usual, the women sat on the platform, Turk 
 fashion ; the men, behind them with extended legs. The women were 
 gaily di'essed. They wore on each side of the face an enormous pig- 
 tail, made by wrapping their hair on a small wooden roller a foot in 
 length; strips of reindeer-fur being wrapped with the hair. These 
 were black and white for those who had sons, and black only for those 
 who had none. Shining ornaments were worn on the head, and on 
 the breast they had masonic-like aprons, the groundwork of which was 
 of a flaming red color, ornamented with glass beads of many colors. 
 The women thus presented a pleasing contrast with the dark visages 
 of the men in the background ; while their naked infants were playing 
 here and there in a mother's lap, or peering out from their nestling 
 place in a hood. 
 
 Ook-har-loo was the first performer. This young man was a son 
 
 J' i 
 
 A. : ..,--J-. 
 
IVsrrniker, tHfH, 
 
 PJayhifi the Kcy-hw-tik. 
 
 99 
 
 
 o£. Ever-at, whose picture is jj-ivon in Parry's Narrative of his second 
 voyage, and wlio is named by him as helping to draw one of the 
 charts. Whjen Ook-har-ho was tired out, Oon-goo-too took up the Ar/y- 
 loiv tik, the women striking up for him their second song. Ou-c-la now 
 gave Hall a puncli in the side, which was understood to mean, "Just 
 see what my people can do"; when the performers, stripping oflF their 
 jackets to be naked from their loins up, alternately dealt each other's 
 arms such fearful blows that Hall thought their very bones must bo 
 broken, and seemed to feel his own shoulders ache. The one who had 
 played the key-low-tik the longer now struck his blows without mit- 
 tens, and Ook-har-loo ere long gave signs of surrender. The times 
 varied from 10 to 13 minutes each. 
 
 Ar-too-a, Ar-moii, and Ou-e-la followed as performers at short in- 
 tervals, one of them making as high as a hundred and sixty strokes in 
 a minute with the ken-toon. Then Nu-ker-zhoo, getting his hand under 
 the key-low-tik, and dealing rapid blows first on one edge and then o" 
 the other, by this jugglery kept it vibrating in the air and brought out 
 from it the same sounds as when played in the usual way. Hall, being 
 then called out by the house, tried his hand, but for less than three 
 minutes, when the key-low-tik was on the floor, his ai*m and wrist ach- 
 ing from the weight, and the whole igloo convulsed with laughter. 
 Ebierbing was called for, but was too weak from recent sickness to 
 perform. Before this part of the exhibition closed, the performers 
 showed up the differences in playing as practiced by the neighboring 
 tribes. 
 
 The meeting now suddenly changed to one of a serious character. 
 Ook-har-loo, when he resumed playing, instantly extinguished the lights, 
 leaving only the dim moon to creep in through the fresh-water-ice 
 
¥i> 
 
 100 
 
 A Move to the Walrus-Grounds. 
 
 [Ncrember, 1864. 
 
 ii 
 
 hi 1, 
 
 m 
 
 •8i; 
 
 
 15 
 
 window of the igliw. He then commenced his talk with the spirits, 
 cacconipanied by clapping of hands, jumping up and down, sideways 
 and forwards, and then backing out from the igloo and returning. 
 During all this an-koo-ting one and another of the audience kept 
 repeating "words which seemed not unlike those of a penitent giving 
 in his experience at a revival meeting." 
 
 By the middle of this month the Innuits had finished their work 
 on the reindeer-skins. Too-ko-li-too had labored for thirty days, fifteen 
 hours out of the twenty-four, during which time, with but little assist- 
 ance from Ebierbing even in cleaning the skins, she had made up, 
 besides bedding, seven complete fur suits ; two for Hall, two for her 
 husband, two for herself, and one for Rudolph. Preparation was now 
 busily made for moving off to th ^ walrus-grounds, the first step toward 
 which was to cover the sledge-runners with muck, a kind of peat 
 obtained from a marsh after digging four feet through the snow and 
 about a foot into the frozen ground. The muck is saturated with 
 water, and a handful at a time placed on the runners at the very 
 coldest hour, to ice them. Several families moved off on tbo 15th. 
 Ebierbing, who went forward with them to assist in erecting igloos, 
 saw flocks of ducks moving south. The first huts which were built 
 were four connected ones having a common central place. In Hall's, 
 Too-koo-li-too first covered the snow-bed place with boards, and put 
 over these a quantity of dry shrubs and the reindeer- furs. Before 
 Hall had left his old hut, on learning that the Innuit customs forbade 
 the burning of shrubs in a new home, he had roasted enough coffee 
 for a supply of two months. And before leaving the first igloo he had 
 made the honest record in his journal, that on a visit from Ou-e-la 
 
' "^JP^T'TSFTl^rTr'"^ 
 
 Narembrr, t864.| 
 
 Superstition. 
 
 101 
 
 and Ar-moii, they, with Ebierbing and himself, indulged with great 
 freedom in the use of Hubbell's Golden Bitters, the indoreement on 
 which is, "Good for dyspepsia." "Although the bitters were as thick 
 as molasses, it was difficult to get it from the bottles quick enough to 
 supply the demand." The next morning was one of headache and 
 repentance to some ; yet the natives declared they had never been so 
 happy as on the night before. Long before this, however, the}' had 
 leanied from the whalers to drink, smoke, and sweai*. 
 
 On entering their new igloos the Innuits renewed their perform- 
 ances of the Tcey-low-tik and of an-koo-ting. In the latter of these 
 perfornances the an-ge-ho (Ar-too-a) now made use of three walrus 
 spears. One of these he thrust into the wall of the snow-house, 
 and, after the usual accompaniments which have been already 
 depcribed, ran with it outside of the igloo, where his ejaculations 
 wore responded to by the party inside with the cries of ^^At-teef 
 At-tee!^^ Returning with his spear to the door, he had a severe 
 wrestling match with four of the men, who overcame him. But 
 coming again into the central igloo, and having the lights which had 
 been at the first patted down, relit, he showed the points of two spears 
 apparently covered with fresh blood, which he held up in the pres- 
 ence of all. Muttering something in a low tone at them, he gave a 
 puff and then wiped them clean with the Innuits' universal dish-cloth — 
 the tongue. The an-ge-ho then recommenced his incantations, address- 
 ing for a minute or so, with his head erect, the Great Power above, 
 and then, with head on the floor, the Spirit below. Kneeling on Too- 
 koo-li-too's fur jacket in the center of the hut, he kept this up for a full 
 half hour. After his exhibition had closed. Hall learned that the Spirits 
 had revealed to the an-ge-ko that he and libierbing must exchange 
 
^Ij 
 
 102 
 
 Hall An-koo-ted. 
 
 INoTeinber, 1804. 
 
 •f 
 III ■.^- 
 
 wives for the night* This, Hall effectually intervened to forbid. He 
 records, also, the clear testimony of the wife of one of the Innuits in 
 behalf of Too-koo-li-too herself that she had repelled the previously 
 attempted efforts on the part of the other women to persuade her to 
 accept the decree. 
 
 In a time of sickness during the month Hall himself had been 
 prevailed on to be an-kooted, and the an-ge-ko had told him that his 
 sickness had been owing to his having eaten on his first expedition 
 tood-noo prepared in a wrong way, and to the fact that he had left in 
 his own country an enemy who had tried to do him harm. When he 
 acknowledged that these two things were true, the Innuits were much 
 pleased with the evidence of power in their an-ge-ko, and Hall con- 
 sented to obey the decree given him, that he should never again wear 
 certain garments which had been presented to him by some of his 
 Innuit friends. 
 
 During the last days of the month several walrus hunts were 
 entered upon, the first sviccess in which was prevented by the poorness 
 of the seal-skin lines which had been made to supply the loss of the 
 stronger oiics missed some time before from their place of deposit. 
 From unmistakable signs noticed when they had gone down the coast 
 for these lines, the natives were satisfied that they had been stolen by 
 some party from one of the whale-ships. Hall accompanied them on 
 
 * Heanio says of tbo Indian tribes on the Sea of tlio North : "It is a very common custom 
 in this country to cxelianjj;o a night's lotlRinR with each other's ■wives ; but this is so far from 
 bciuj» considered criminal that it is esteemed one of the strongest ties of friendship between the 
 two families ; in case of the death of either man the other considers himself bound to support th(i 
 children of the deceased. This duty is never neglected, (Hearne, p. 125'.) Father Veniamfnoff, 
 a Russian priest, who labored anu)ng the Aleutian tribes, is quoted by Mr. Dall as saying that 
 formerly they practiced frequent secret orgies, and that "a gucxt shared aU marital righh with his 
 host." These customs, however, as is avcU known, arc not exclusively those of the North Ameri- 
 can triboa. 
 
 ll i':, 
 
December, 1864.] 
 
 Following up the Walrus. 
 
 103 
 
 their hunts, although he had been several times confined to his hjloo 
 by a sore throat and by bruises received on his rough sledge-journeys. 
 He endeavored to supply the loss of the walrus-lines by loaning the 
 sheets of his boat Sylvia. A bear and a number of walruses were 
 secured ; others which were only struck on the ice were lost during the 
 nights, when they escaped by the tide setting the floe back to the land. 
 But the condition of the ice was fine for hunting, and the promise for 
 the season was good. Hall notices that on each morning, after the 
 men had gone off to hunt, their women took each a cup down to tho 
 shore and left it there ; probably under the idea that this would bring 
 success. 
 
 On the Cth of the month following, Ou-e-la and Ebierbing found 
 a walrus of a large size butting his head through the ice, which was 
 4 inches thick, with a force sufficient to throw masses of it several 
 feet into the air. On a signal to the other hunters they scattered 
 themselves, watching for another appearance. The animal burst 
 through the ice six times before he was hrxpooned Generally, when 
 pursued, he moves in a direct line, and the natives are accustomed 
 to calculate where he will jwobably make his second or third rise. 
 The holes which he works up through the ice are sometimes as far 
 apart as 100 rods, but the distances decrease in proportion to the 
 lengtli of the pursuit, during which the animal is often drowned. Tho 
 Innuits sometimes follow nearly the same plan in drowning ducks, 
 though this is done when there is no ice to cover them. A flock 
 which is swimming is approached by the hunter in a ky-ak, when most 
 of them take alarm and fly away, but some dive down. The hunter 
 rapidly follows in the probable direction in which the now submarine 
 ducks are swimming, and the instant that one appears above water, it 
 
e 
 
 ) i 
 
 l\ .■ 
 
 '- : 
 
 ft* 
 
 H 
 i 
 
 IP 
 
 104 
 
 Ou-c-la's Stories. 
 
 [Dc mbcr, 1864. 
 
 k frightened down by shouts and antic tricks in the way of motions. 
 This one is selected as the victim or prize, and, as the hunter gets near 
 it, he sees and follows it through the clear water. As often as it 
 comes up to breathe, his shouts and motions follow, and thus the pur- 
 suit is made till finally the poor duck is dead. Hall remembered that in 
 1861, when making a passage through the Beare Sound of Frobisher, 
 some of his Innuit friends could not be restrained from pursuing this 
 sport till they had deceived the ducks in the way described. " It 
 certainly is an economical way to secure provision v/ithout the use of 
 spears or guns." 
 
 On the same day on which the walrus was secured, several of the 
 natives had a desperate encounter with a huge Polar, killing it while 
 three of their dogs kept the animal at bay. One of the lances which 
 had entered the animal, he drew out with his teeth, and gave their 
 best dog a terrible wound, cutting through the skin and flesh of his 
 neck as clean as with a sharp knife. 
 
 Ou-e-la, on returning from these hunts, entertained Hall with 
 some huge bear-stories. With much emphasis he told of a woman who, 
 a few years before, had heard a strange noise outside her igloo, and on 
 leaving it, was seized by a large bear, who completely scalped her and 
 disemboweled her child. An old man in the igloo, although a cripple 
 in both legs, fastening a long knife to the end of a pole and crawling 
 through the narrow passage-way of the hut at the doorway, braced 
 his lance against the icy floor, when the bear, while springing toward 
 his new victim, became his own executioner by receiving the knife 
 directly through his heart. Ou-e-la further said that he had once, 
 single-handed, killed a large bear with a lance only; at another time 
 he had killed a bear of equal size with bow and arrow, without the 
 
DeceiMbcr, 1864.] 
 
 ''The Arc-Ur 
 
 105 
 
 assistance even of dogs. lie had seen a bear kill a walrus by using a 
 piece of ice weighing more than any one man could lift. The bear 
 rounds the ice into a 'all, and stealthily runs on his hind legs toward 
 his sleeping victim ; if the first blow on the head of the walrus fails 
 to kill, he finishes his work by repeated blows on the thick skull. He 
 contents himself with the blubber only, leaving the mass of meat for 
 the fox, or for other animals which may follow his tracks. 
 
 A peculiar animal was described to Hall, an account of which is 
 scarcely to be found in Arctic books. The natives speak of it as 
 being larger than the bear, and as very ferocious and much more diffi- 
 cult to be killed. It has grayish hair, a long tail, and short, thick 
 legs, its fore feet being divided into three parts like the partridge's; 
 its hind feet are like a man's heels. When resting, it sits upright like 
 a man. A Neitchille Innuit, crawling into a hole for shelter in the 
 night, had found one sound asleep and quickly dispatched it with his 
 knife. It may be added here that Ebierbing, now residing in the 
 United States, confirms such accounts of the "Arc-la" and says that 
 the animal once inhabited his native country on Cumberland Sound. 
 
 On the morning of the 10th, Ebierbing, Ou-e-la, Ar-too-a, Ar- 
 mou, Oon-goo-too, and Nu-ker-zJioo, accompanied by Rudolph, started 
 on two sledges with full dog-teams to visit the whaling-vessels winter- 
 ing in Depot Island — a contemplated trip which had been deferred 
 only till the walrus season should commence. Rudolph was the hap- 
 piest of the party. He had proved of little service to Hall, having 
 early become dissatisfied with the strange mode of life to which his 
 employer had habituated himself Yet he was ai times a voracious 
 eater, consuming as much as 8 pounds of solid food at a meal, and then 
 complaining of a feeling of " gone-ness," and fearing he would stJirve 
 

 i 
 
 ! ''I 
 
 i 
 
 106 
 
 Rudolph Dismissed. 
 
 IDecviuber, 186'1. 
 
 to death. A part of tho time lie had btjen separately put in charge of 
 one of the natives. He now looked forward with great satisfaction to 
 resuming his life on shipboard and to ship-diet The parting was 
 friendly. Hall gave him a letter to the captain of the Monticello, ask- 
 ing that he would get a place for him on one of the whalers. Rudolph 
 was also cautioned to have care of himself on the sledge journey, and 
 the natives were requested to see that he should not be frost-bitten. 
 At the same time a confidential history of Rudolph's conduct was sent 
 to the ship, lest the man should gain credit if he attempted to spread 
 misrepresentations among the whalers. His dissatisfaction and his 
 uselessness to Hall had been largely owing to his disease of homesick- 
 ness and, during the latter part of his time, to an attack of scurvy. 
 
 A second letter to Captain Chapel requested that he would grant, 
 at Hall's cost whatever reasonable requests the natives might make, if 
 the value of the articles asked for by them should exceed that of the 
 skins and clothing t ilcen down by them for barter. Among the articles 
 for which Hall himself a&ked were a gun, a spy-glass, some walrus-lines, 
 and tobacco, with a loaf of bread and a piece of butter for Too-koo-li- 
 too. He wanted 50 pounds of tobacco, for it went further than any- 
 thing else in gaining the good-will and lielp of the natives. Ou-e-la 
 waited for the dispatches, which were made up by 9 a. m., and then 
 overtook the sleds a mile in advance out on tlie rough ice, where the 
 dogs were howling and springing with all their might to be off. Hall 
 went with him that far, and on parting gave Ou-e-la a kiss (koo-nik) 
 on his iron though warm cheek. The journal says : 
 
 The sun was just lifting its glorious face from the ice horizon of Eowe's Wel- 
 come. The air was calm and the temperature 02° below freezing-point by my large 
 thermometer; therefore it was dry and exhilarating. The heavens, opposite the 
 suu, were glowing iu warm crimson clouds, their upper edges tinted with i)urple 
 
December, 1864. 
 
 The Natives Visit the Whalers. 
 
 107 
 
 and silverj' hues. Tbe day throughout was the coldest of the season, as the ther- 
 mometer showed, but not the coldest as far as its eifect ui)on the luiman system 
 is concerned. The average of three sets of observations on eight thermometers 
 gave 05° below freezing-point as the aA^erage of the day. I have tried some 
 experiments, perhaps too simple to require record. I put one of my fingers in 
 contact with the brass plate of one of the thermometers; instantly I felt a sharp 
 running sensation; in a few seconds that part of my flesh exposed to the brass 
 plate was white as snow and frozen solid. A. smart rubbing with my other hand 
 soon took the frost out, and the finger was as well as ever. I placed another 
 finger for thirty seconds in exposed mercury; the smarting at first was severe, in 
 fact, felt as though the finger was in a fire, but before the thirty seconds expired 
 the smarting ceased, and I felt noways disagreeable. On taking my finger out 
 of the mercury, it was frozen solid as a rock ; a smart 
 persevering rubbing again took the frost out. I tried 
 several times during the day the exi)eriment of keeping 
 my hands unmittened, walking around thus for half an 
 hour without their feeling very cold, and could have con- 
 tinued with my hands thus exjjosed for a longer time 
 had I been on a smart walk, as when traveling on a jour- 
 ney. When there is no moisture in the air, as to-day, no dog-skin mittens. 
 one would sujipose the temperature as cold as the thermometers indicate. I have 
 felt colder in the States with the thermometer 32° than here in my walks to-day 
 with hands and face exposed and ha\iug no other coat on but my civilization 
 (Brevoort) one. 
 
 The letter of the most interest sent by the natives to the whalers 
 
 reads as follows : 
 
 Winter Quarters, in Igloo, 
 
 Noo-WooK, West end Eowe's Welcome, 
 Lat. 04° -lO' N., Long. 87° 20' W., Friday, December 10, 1864. 
 Dkar Friend Chapel: In this letter I have some deeply interesting intelli- 
 gence to communicate to you. Since falling in with the natives I have not been 
 idle. Nothing in Parry's nan'ative of second voyage for the discovery of the North- 
 west Passage relating to the Eskimos of Winter Island and Igloolik but tlieso 
 natives are perfectly posted up in. Indeed, I find through my superior interi)re- 
 ter, Too-koo-litoo, that many deeply interesting incidents occurred at both-named 
 places that never found their place in Parry's or Lyon's works. But the great work 
 ah'eady done by me is the gaining little by little from these natives, through Too- 
 koo-li-too and Ebierbing, news relating to Sir John Franklin's Expedition. This, 
 
1, 
 
 
 1'^ 
 
 108 
 
 Further Reported News of FrankUrHs Men. iMwjember, i8«4. 
 
 you know, was tho great object of my mission to tlie North. 1 cannot stop to tell 
 you now all 1 have gained of this people — no, not the one hundredtli part. 
 [Tho natives are now loading sledge; it is 7 o'clock 30 minutes a. m.] 
 I will give you very briefly what tho people of England and America will be 
 most interested to learn. When I come down I shall bring my dispatches and 
 journals up to tho time of writing you, and these will be committed to your caro 
 for transmitting to tho States. The most important matter that I have acquired 
 relates to the fact that there may yet bo three survivors of Sir John Franklin's 
 Expedition, and one of these, Crozier, the one who succeeded Sir John Franklin 
 on his death. The details are deeply interesting, but this must suffice till I come 
 down: Crozier and three men with him were found by a cousin of Ou-ela (Albert), 
 Shoo-sheark-nook (John), and Ar-too-a (Frank), while mo\ing on the ico from one 
 igloo to another; this cousin having with him his family and engaged in sealing. 
 This occurred near Neitchille (Boothia Felix Peninsula). Crozier was nothing 
 but "skin and bones," was nearly starved to death, while the three men with him 
 were fat. The cousin soon learned that the three fat men had been living on 
 human flesh, on the flesh of their companions who all deserted the two ships that 
 were fast in mountains of ice; while Crozier was the only man that would not eat 
 human flesh, and for this reason ho was almost dead from starvation. This cousin, 
 who has two names (but I cannot stop to get them now), took Crozier and the 
 three men at once in charge. He soon caught a seal, and gave Crozier quickly a 
 little — a very little piece, which was raw — only one mouthful the first day. Tho 
 cousin did not give the three fat men anything, for they could well get along, till 
 Crozier's life was safe. The next day the cousin gave Crozier a little larger piece 
 of same seal. By the judicious care of this cousin for Crozier, his life was saved. 
 Indeed, Crozier's own judgment stxick to him in this terrible situation, for he agreed 
 with the cousin that one little bit was all he should have tho first day. When 
 the cousin first saw Crozier's face, it looked so bad — ^liis eyes all sunk in, tho 
 face so skeleton-like and haggard, that he did not dare to look xipon Crozier's 
 face for several days after; it made him feel so bad! This noble man, whom 
 the whole civilized world will ever remember for humanity, took care of 
 Croziei- and his three men, save one who died, through the whole winter. One 
 man, however, died a short time after tho cousin found them, not because he 
 starved, but because he was sick. In the spring, Crozier and the remaining two 
 men accompanied this cousin on the Boothia Felix Peninsula to Neitchille, where 
 there were many Innuits. Crozier and each of his men had guns and a plenty of 
 ammunition, and many pretty things. They killc^d a great many ducks, nowyers, 
 &c., with their guns. Here they lived with the Innuits at Neitchille, and Crozier 
 
December, 1864.] 
 
 HaWs Letter to Chapel. 
 
 109 
 
 becamo fat and of good health. Crozier (old this cousin that he was once at 
 IicillUc (ItepiUse Bay), at Winter Island and Igloolik, many years before, and 
 that at the ivio last-named places he saw many Innuits, and got acquainted Avith 
 them. This cousin had heard of Parry, Lyon, and Crozier, from his Innuit friends 
 at Repulse Bay, some years previous^ and therefore when Crozier gave him his 
 name ho recollected it. The cousin saw Crozier one year before he found him and 
 the three men, where the two ships were in the ice. It was there that he found 
 out that Crozier had been to Igloolik. 
 
 Crozier and the two men lived with the Neitchille Innuits some time. The 
 Iimuits liked him (C.) very much, and treated him alw.ays very kindly. At length 
 Crozier, with his two men and one lunuit, who took along a Male (?) [an India- 
 rubber boat, as Ebierbing thinks it was, for all along the ribs there was some- 
 thing that could be filled with air], left Neitchille to try to go to the Icohlunah 
 country, taking a south course. 
 
 When Ou-ela (Albert) and his brothers, in 1854, saw this cousin that had 
 
 been so good to Crozier and his men, at Pelly Bay which is not far from Neitch- 
 
 ille, the cousin had not heard whether Crozier and the two men and Neitchille 
 
 Innuit had ever come back or not. The Innuits never think they are dead — do 
 
 not believe they are. Crozier offered to give his gun to the cousin for saving his 
 
 life, but he would not accept it, for he was afraid it would kill him, it made such 
 
 a great noise, and killed everything with nothing. Then Crozier gave him a 
 
 long, curious knife (sword, as Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too say it was), and many 
 
 pretty things besides. [The dogs are all in harness, and sledges loaded, and 
 
 Innuits waiting for my letters. I promise to be ready in 30 minutes.] Crozier 
 
 told the cousin of a fight with a band of Indians — not Innuits, but Indians. Tliis 
 
 must have occurred near the entrance of Great Fish or Back's River. More of 
 
 this when I see you. # ♦ * 
 
 God bless you. 
 
 C. F. HALL. 
 
 Tliis unusually ill-written letter is quoted almost literally in order 
 
 to show Hall's excited state of mind on receiving some of the earliest 
 
 of what he then believed to be news of Franklin's party. It will 
 
 appear in the latter part of the Narrative that the "cousin," so much 
 
 spoken of, was found by Hall to have been far less useful or humane 
 
 to Crozier than is here noted. Hall's readiness to believe everything- 
 
 heard from the natives on his first acquaintance with them was largely 
 
110 
 
 Superstitions. 
 
 t December, tHtii. 
 
 i ' 
 
 I t 
 
 t 
 
 corrected by his further experience. At first lie seems to have beHeved 
 what he wished to beheve. But his hiter journals record a number 
 of connected judgments, always frankly entered, and even against 
 himself. 
 
 Nearly all the men were now absent from the settlement. After one 
 unsuccessful attempt made by some of the natives who remained, to 
 secure a walrus where the ice was found too thick for the animal to break 
 through, a second effort was rewarded by their capturing the larger 
 part of one, the remainder being lost by the ice-floes coming together 
 and massing upon it. They had resumed their hunt in consequence of 
 having seen, the night before, ** a walrus springing right up through 
 the ice-floor of their igloo^\- — to them a sure sign of success. 
 
 Another instance of their low superstitious customs was thus 
 shown : The jiale-face, having expressed a desire for a change of food, 
 Avas presented with the head and neck of a reindeer, for fear that there 
 would be great trouble in catching a walrus ; but this provision could 
 be placed neither on the floor nor behind the lamps on the platfonn, 
 nor could it be either cooked or eaten with walrus-oil or on the same 
 day with walrus-meat. Pieces of the frozen mass were, therefore, 
 chipped off" on the bed-platform with carefulness that not one should 
 fall upon the floor, and they were dipped in old rancid seal-oil before 
 being eaten. Four quarts of walrus-oil were at the same time pre- 
 sented to Hall for his lamp. 
 
 A leaf from Hall's journal of the 18th, written on receiving this 
 
 present, will further show the care which he exercised in subjecting 
 
 himself to the low superstitions of the tribe : 
 
 ErJi-iu-a came in bringins in Ler anns the head .and neck (raw, solid, and 
 frozen) of a reindeer for me, as she heard that I wanted a change from walrus- 
 
r, J 864. 
 
 Superstitions. 
 
 Ill 
 
 meat. Tliis vcniMon had to bo completely enveloped before it eould be brought 
 into the iffloo, and, when in, could only be placed on the bed-phittbrni. To have 
 placed it on the floor or on the idatforui behind the flre-lami), among the walrus, 
 musk-ox, and judar-bear meat which occupy a goodly portion of both of these 
 places, would have horrilled tlie whole town, as, according to the actual belief of 
 the Innuits, not anotiier wah'us could l)e secured this year, and there would ever 
 be trouble in capturing any more. 
 
 Old Mother Ook-bar-loo and the son of ErTi-tu-a were both in my igloo at 
 the time this present was made. Both these parties are, of course, greatly 
 devoted to having everything according to the way of old — in other words, 
 according to the custom of their fathers and nmny i)receding generations. They 
 watched my every movement; but I was no small adept in this matter, so I pro- 
 ceeded to gratify the calls of a hungry stomach in the following manner : I first 
 unveiled IJrhtua's gift on the very spot where she had placed it, and called for a 
 hatchet. Frozen chips of meat now flew to the right and left, wcntward; not one 
 toward the floor. I had to be very, very cautious about that. These chips of raw 
 frozen venison, when gathered up, made quite a i)ile for my breakfast. A cup of 
 oil in which to sop these chips was soon near me. Then I i)roceeded, just as any 
 Innuit would, to eat a hearty meal! The oil which I used as the sop was seal-oil, 
 rancid and stinking. According to Innuit custom, walrus-blubber, or oil from 
 it, cannot be used on any account with tood-noo meat. Notwithstanding the oil 
 I used was of the condition I describe, yet I must state the truth that 1 have 
 really got so far along in Innuits taste to like it thus, and to like it very much. 
 
 Particles of meat that were scattered around on the bed-platfonn during my 
 carving o])erations with the hatchet could not be brushed on the floor, as this 
 would have brought down the indigiuition of my houseful of visitors. The tool- 
 too skins on which these fine dust pieces were had to be taken up and shaken at 
 the farther end or back side of the bed-'^dace, next to the wall of the igloo. In 
 this way, and in this wo.y only, could the meat particles, including even such snow 
 an<l ice as had been jauuued oflf the neck and head, be disposed of to the satisfac- 
 tion of an honest, kind-hearted, but superstitious people. 
 
 The head of this gift, I regret to learn, cannot be cooked now, though from 
 it I could have a delicious souj). The whys and wherefores are that it would 
 make trouble among the walrus. It can be done after the walrusing season is 
 over, and any time before it begins again. 
 
 This Erk-tu-a was one of the visitors to the ships of Parry and 
 Lyon on their Second Expedition, 1821 to 1823. She gave Uall the 
 
112 
 
 Co-OG-took on Parry's Ship, 1824. 
 
 I Dftrf nik«>r, 1N6I. 
 
 
 iU 
 
 
 i i A 
 
 
 
 
 1 wn 
 
 
 ^ ' i 
 
 Inniiit tradition of a punishment mentioned in Pairy's Narrative as 
 administered for theft, which story is an illustration of the j)ovver of 
 superstitious helief held I)}' this people in their an-ffe-ka ;^-or, as this 
 word was pronounced at Ig-loo-lik, where Parry was, an-nat-ko. Oo- 
 oo-tooky a superior an-nat-ko, was charged by Parry when at Ig-loo-lik 
 with the crime of theft for taking a shovel, or a part of one, from along- 
 side of the ship. PaiTy had him taken to a place between decks, and 
 his hands firmly lashed up to tlie mast. Then two guns were loaded 
 and fired at him. The balls did not hit him, but one passed close to 
 his head and lodged in the mast. The other ball went close to his 
 loins, but did not injure him. The guns were so near his body that 
 the powder felt hot. Parry fired one of the gvins, and came very near 
 killing himself, the ball glancing and rebounding in such a way that it 
 passed close to his head. Another gun was about to be used in firing 
 at Oo-oo-took, but it was found to be cracked (both barrel and stock), 
 and, therefore, it was laid aside. Then Parry caused him to be 
 whipped with something that was made of ropes with knots in them — 
 cat-o'-nine-tails. The Innuits standing around and witnessing all this 
 wanted to help Oo-oo-took defend himself, but he said : " Let the Koh- 
 lu-nas try to kill me ; they cannot, for I am an an-nat-ko.^' Then Oo- 
 oo-tooUs hands were untied, after which the koh-lu-nas tried to cut his 
 head and hands off with long knives — probably swords. Every time 
 a blow was struck, the extreme end of the knife came close to Oo-oo- 
 took^ s throat ; occasionally the blade came just cibove the crown of his 
 head, and when the attempt was made to cut off his hands the long 
 knife came down very near his wrists ; but, after all, he was uninjured 
 because he was a very good An-nat-ko. Some of the blows, however, did 
 execution, cutting deep gashes in throat, head, and wrists ; but at 
 
Dcccmbvri 180'1> 
 
 Ou-00-took on Varrijs Ship, 1824. 
 
 113 
 
 t'ucli stroke, m the knife wuh Hftotl, the wouikIh instantly hmled iq), the 
 an-nat-ko \)Q>m\f nuule whole by the Good Spirit who protected him. 
 
 . When Oo-oo-took was permitted to go on deck, he attempted to go 
 a.shore. He was passing out of the gangway when four men seized 
 him ; but during the struggle to free himself from further punishment, 
 he kicked one koh-lu-na down the snow-steps, which fall nearly kille<l 
 liim, and the koh-lu-na suffered with a lame back for a long time. 
 Fimilly, the koh-lu-na conquered him and put him down between 
 decks, in a cold, dark place, where he kept him two days and two 
 nights, but while so conhned, one good koh-lu-na, in a very sly way, 
 gave him something to eat ; otherwise he had nothing to oat or 
 drirdt. 
 
 After Oo-oo-took had been one day and one night in the dark hole, 
 he thought he would use his i)ower as an an-nal-ko, and destroy the 
 vessel by splitting it through the middle from stem to ste" i. So he 
 commenced calling to his aid the Good Spirit, when a great cracking 
 noise was made, now and then, under the ship, and at the end of the 
 two days and two nights' confinement, the koh-lunas, fearing from 
 such great and terrific noises that the ship would bo destroyed, let 
 Oo-oo-took go. 
 
 This tradition, which Hall says was believed by all the other In- 
 nuits around him, is in rather curious contrast with the account given 
 by Parry himself, which is as follows : [Official Narrative, p. 412.] 
 
 Tlie deliiKiuent was, therefore, put dowu into the Fury's store-room passage 
 und closely confined there for several hours ; when, liaving collected several of 
 the natives on boanl the Fury, I ordered him to be strip])ed and seized up in 
 their presence, and to receive a dozen lashes on the back with a cat-o' nine-tails. 
 The instant this was over, his countrymen called out, " limun, /t wt«w «<("— 
 S. B.V. 27 8 
 
I 
 
 114 
 
 Hall Corrects his Dates. 
 
 [Drceinbvri IH04> 
 
 !,: '-l 
 
 t 
 
 ^ » 
 
 i I 
 
 that's right, tliiit's right ; and seoiucd iiiiich relieved from the Iright (hey had bei'oro 
 been in wliile the fate of the thief seemed doubtful; but in three miinites after, 
 not one of them was to be found near the ships, for they hurried off to tlie huts 
 as fast as their legs and sledges could carry them. The example proved just 
 what we desired ; in less than eight and forty hours, men, women, and (ihildreu 
 came to the ships with the same conlidence as before, always abusing Oo-oo-tool; 
 pronouncing themselves and us uncommonly good people, but evidently nmrc 
 cautious than before of really incurring our displeasure The occurrence just 
 related, instead of being placed to the account of these people's bad i)ropensi- 
 ties, rather served to remind us of the rareness of such occurrences, and, there- 
 fore, to furnish fresh proof of their general honesty. 
 
 From a conversation held about this time, through Too-koo-H- 
 too as interpreter, Hall believed that he had gained the key to the 
 fact mentioned by Dr. Rae in his report to the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany in 1854, that the natives at Felly Bay had great objections 
 to his party traveling across the country in a westerly direction, 
 and had attempted to puzzle and mislead the interpreter. Hall was 
 told that " some of the Innuits with whom he was Avintering, had tried, 
 together with others from Pelly Bay, to persuade Dr. Rae to go to 
 Shartoo, an island in Akkoolee Bay (the island called Prince of Wales 
 Island, and the bay. Committee Bay, in Dr. Rae's chart), where he 
 woidd find spars, rigging, casks, and boxes, and perhaps the hulk of a 
 vessel. They understood from him that these were the very things 
 he was looking for." The Innuits, therefore, professed that tlie objec- 
 tions referred to had been made in good faith, and in order to lead 
 Rae's party to the best locality. 
 
 On the 23d, Hall discovered that he had lost a day in his reckon- 
 ing. He had not confided in his dates for some time back, but now 
 found the mejms for a correction. Going to the toj) of a hill to 
 see the sun rise at 10 a m., he saw it about a diameter and a 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
Orct'inlN^r, 18«<1.] 
 
 Gifts lieceived from the Whalers. 
 
 115 
 
 lijilt" from the horizon, above ii low, thick bank of frost-snjoko which 
 hung over the sea-ice. Through the u})per margin of the frost-smoke 
 the true sun was clearly seen without any dazzling rays; but, above, 
 two mock-suns showed themselves with a brilliancy overpowering the 
 eye. With his pocket sextant he measured the angular distance 
 between the nearest limbs of the sun and the moon, and found it to be 
 approximately 62° 30'; which he verified by the use of his larger 
 sextant. His table of lunar distances in the Nautical Almanac 
 showed this as the true distance for December 23d in jdace of the 22d, 
 as he had at first supposed the day to be. Looking over his journal, 
 he discovered that the lost day could be accounted for by the want 
 of all notes on one of his sick days, November 25. 
 
 The sledge party now returned, and were heartily welcomed as 
 soon as their very quiet entrance was noticed. One of the sleds hav- 
 ing become unmanageable by the breaking off of the muck-shoeing, 
 the dog3 had found it hard work to draw the heavy return load of 
 natives and goods piled up on the other one; their fatigue had pre- 
 vented the howling usual on their approaching home 
 
 Two chests and a box, directed to Hall, were soon slid along 
 through the snow passage-way into his igloo. They contained a 
 variety of donations from Captains Chapel, of the Monticello ; Rogers, 
 of the Concordia; White, of the Black P]agle; Tyson, of the Ante- 
 lope, and Jeffries, of the George and Mary. Besides the very wel- 
 come provision which made up the mass of these gifts, a quantity of 
 different-colored beads and brass ornaments for the head had been 
 sent as presents to the women, together with some articles to be 
 exchanged for furs. In his record of the day, which not unfre(piently 
 is found written as though it were a letter to his two never (orgotfcii 
 

 it 
 
 '' 
 
 116 
 
 The Innuits Fond of Ardent Spirits. (December, 1804. 
 
 friends, the following expressions show his iippreciation of the change 
 
 in diet now experienced : 
 
 O, iny dear Mr. Griiincll and Mr. lirevoort, what Ji glorious supper wc havo 
 had to-night; a change now and then in his food is what a wliito man likes. In- 
 deed, the Innuits themselves like a change from their food to that of civilization 
 after getting a little accustomed to it. • 
 
 The journal of the 24th contains the record of a second indul- 
 gence to the natives in his serving out to all who had assisted in build- 
 ing his new ifjloo a quantity of Bourbon whisky, diluted with hot water 
 and sweetened with sugar. This was dealt out contrary to his previous 
 resolutions, but under the idea that, as they had acquired a taste for it 
 from the whalers, it would be of service to him to indulge them occa- 
 sionally. He adds: "I have found that I can do without liquor, and I 
 do not touch a drop of anything stronger than tea or coffee. I will not 
 say the Innuits shall not have a few drops once in two or three weeks, 
 but the quantity to each shall be very small." 
 
 The sledge journey to the ships, 135 miles distant, had been made 
 in ninety-nine hours, and the return journey in seventy-eight; allow- 
 ing, as did Ebierbing, one of the party, one-half of the time on their 
 return as spent in stoppages, the average distance traveled had been 
 about three and a half miles an hour. Captain Chapel sent back to 
 Hall a letter of cordial good feeling, offering him further assistance. 
 It has been already noticed as a fact, well known in Now London, 
 that the whalers wintering in this region understood the instructions 
 of their employers as authorizing them to assist him very freely. 
 
 Chapel's letter, in speaking of the temperature where he was win- 
 tering, said: 
 
 The mercury has been from 30° to 56"^ below zero for the last fifteen days. 
 The gla«s has not been above —32° for twenty days, and the large si»irit ther- 
 
 1 
 
 ■Pi 
 
 
 ^iL 
 
December, 1864.] 
 
 Decree of the An-ge-ko. 
 
 117 
 
 iiionietcr you gave mo, and in wiiicli I put so much confidence, lias l)een frozen 
 for three Aveekts. It froze with the mercury at — 30°, and wlien the mercury stood 
 at 34° below, the spirit was 100° below. This would surprise our New York 
 friends if we should tell them.* 
 
 An invitation having been given to the men while visiting the ships 
 that they should return and bring their wives with them, Hall was 
 glad to find that, at the next mi-koot-ing, the an-ge-ko announced an 
 order from the Good Spirit that these visits should not be made, lest 
 death after death should occur in the tribe. In addition to other plain 
 reasons for his being gratified at this decree, there was now a better 
 hope that the whole party would move early in the spring to Kepulse 
 Bay. He felt sure that his further plans, which depended on this, 
 would bo defeated if these visits were made. 
 
 On the 2.'3th,* he took a meridian altitude of the sun, and found 
 the true altitude to be 1° 51'; the observed lowest limb to sea-ice 
 horizon, 2°. The observation was made from an elevation 30 feet 
 above the sea-level. Although the sun was quite too low for reliable 
 work, yet the latitude found by working up the observation was G4° 
 4iJ' 45", an approximation he little expected, as the true latitude is G4° 
 40' 20". 
 
 On the 26th, he went out with the natives on a walrus-hunt, to 
 observe the movements of the ice in the Welconu, as well as to see the 
 walrus and the hunters The following account of the hunt is largely 
 condensed from his own notes : 
 
 At 8 a. m. he left his igloo, leading by a long trace-line one of 
 
 "III conuoction with iintps of like extremo toiiippiaturos and tlic! inindiiiliility "f l><)t1i iiici- 
 ciirial and spirit, tliornionieters, sec " Tho LiHt of tlio Arctic Voyages," by Sir Kdward liclclur, 
 18.')"), pp. 20.'')-208; also, notes of a like eharacter in otlier Arc(i(^ Narratives, ineliidinjj; Sir Oeorgo 
 Niires' " Voyage to tlic Polar Sea." ITall's own jonrnal liaa a number of sneh records; also of bis 
 repeated regrets that he h.id other tlmii standard iustrunients with liini. 
 
118 
 
 The Walnis-IImt. 
 
 IDcccmber. 1864. 
 
 I: 
 
 1 
 
 the large dogs wliich were to bo employed in dragging- the walrus 
 homo ; several other dogs were led by the Innuits, but by far the 
 larger number were allowed to run loose, preceding or following the 
 hunters. The distance to the walrus-grounds had been for some time 
 constantly increasing as the land-floe widened, and the animals, accord- 
 ingly, shifted their feeding-gi'ounds to the new ice or to the fissures 
 near its edge. Having crossed the half-mile belt of very rough ico 
 near the coast, and advanced about six miles, Hall came to this edge. 
 A breeze from the north was driving the floe to the southward at the 
 speed of a quick walk, and as it pressed heavily on the edge of the 
 fixed ico, the noise was so terrible that he was at times forced to draw 
 himself back several paces from the point to which he had ventured. 
 For scores of miles to the north and south, the drifting floe was grind- 
 ing its uneven face against the firm but jagged front on which he 
 stood. Mounting a high ridge of ice, he saw, as far as the eye could 
 reach seaward and up and down the Welcome, a boundless field slowly 
 moving onward toward the south, but crushing to atoms miles and 
 miles of massive ice ; now rearing up mountains on mountains, now 
 plowing up acres into high ridges. 
 
 Ou-e-la, who had joined him, was unable to reach a large walrus 
 which rose in a small water-space five fathoms off", for the " squeezed, 
 rolling, craunching mass" was working between the floes. He g{i\e 
 a quick signal to those on the drifting floe, and Ar-mou and Ar-too-a 
 ran rapidly toward the walrus ; but just as Ar-tnou had his harpoon 
 raised, the animal disappeared in the water. Hall and Ou-e-la then 
 directed their steps toward the loose pack which the others had already 
 gained, to reach which the sharp eye of the Innuit quickly discovered 
 the only possible crossing. A quick run, a few steps over sludge and 
 
 i: 
 
December, 1864.J 
 
 The Walrus-Hunt. 
 
 119 
 
 5 
 
 
 f 
 
 ti 
 o 
 
 powdered ice, a leap from this tumbling- block to that one, and 
 a final leap to the driving floe, brought the two safely over. 
 
 Walruses could now be seen in every direction; some but- 
 ting up ice-fragments from the solid main ; some with their 
 heads through the butted holes ; some with a large part of the 
 body above the ice. The hunters were busily at work. In one 
 direction two Innuits were under full run for 
 the same blowing walrus, the dogs running 
 around them. All at once these hunters 
 stopped, for the animal had taken the alarm 
 and gone down. In another direction an ex- 
 cited group were seen, one throwing the lance, 
 another holding on a line, one jumping this way 
 and another that, for a walrus appeared to be 
 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 H. — Joint witli tbongB 
 Ioosi'iukI, wIr'u not 
 in iKsi', to preserve 
 
 (J. —Knob on tlio li.au- 
 (llo to .secure ii iiriu 
 hoM. 
 
 their elasticity. 
 
 a secured prize. With some difficulty Hall gained this si)ot, but found 
 
120 
 
 A Dcath-Strvf/ffle. 
 
 [Dccrmbrr, 1804. 
 
 ! ' 
 
 ,1: 
 I'; 
 
 i ■■ 
 
 i 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 i 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 only ono Tnnuit reniiiining, wliilo the reddened ice and the hole 
 showed a severe conflict. Shoo-she-ark-nook luid harpooned a very 
 larj^e wah'us, and ho and Ebierbing had hinced it until it was almost 
 dead. The harpoon, however, slipped out and the animal escaped, 
 I'^bierbing losing his lance-head. 
 
 An extensive floe of the " walrusing-ice" was now seen shooting 
 over the ice on which they stood, and advancing from the north at the 
 speed of a moderate walk ; its thickness was two inches, the same as 
 that on which they stood. They were two miles from the land-floe, 
 upon ice which bent like leather at every step, often yielding two or 
 three inches without a fracture, and it would not do to remain at rest 
 on such ice. '^Hiey were compelled to be constantly in motion, as the 
 situation demanded. 
 
 Hall hastened to a second group of Innuits who were as busily 
 occupied as the first, and in a few moments found himself pulling 
 away with others on a line which was fast to a largo walrus. After a 
 few j)ulls, the half-killed animal came up in a flouncing, tumbling way. 
 He was furiously mad. He had not only been harpooned, but lanced 
 and lanced again and again, so that at every blow, quarts of thick, 
 dark blood wore thrown uj), scattering itself about, painting the i(!o, 
 the dogs, and the party with a crimson hue. 
 
 Wliat a horrific lookiiifj creature a walrus is, especially in tlie face! 
 It looks wicked, detestably bad. Indeed, a devil incarnate couM not have a 
 more repulsive look to Turk or Christian. A hard death did this one die. lie 
 fought desperately, but steel and sinewy arms, mulcr the control of cool, conrnge- 
 ous hearts, finally conquered. As often as he came up to blow, he was met by the 
 hince of the hari)ooner, who thrust it (piick and deep into the heart and chunicd 
 away until the walrus withdrew by diving under the ice and llippering away (o 
 the length of the line. Then, at each new appearance, he woidd fasten his long- 
 ivory tusk (one had been broken ofl", probably in some light) upon the edg(> of 
 
Drcraibcr, I864> 
 
 Sccurinff the Prize. 
 
 121 
 
 the ice, and tnrnins liis oyo.s around would spend his fury on tlie first of liis ene- 
 mies wlio approaclied. He tlien ajjain tlipjjered baclt, and, as the nplilted lance 
 was poised, moved violently forward and ui)ward, throwing forward his head 
 with a circlinj^ sweep, as if to drive liis tusk to the very heart of his assailant. 
 
 I 
 
 What a terrible blow a walius can deal with his head and tusks ! Wlien he 
 came up to breathe, which he did several tiuies throufjh ditiereut holes, restinj;-- 
 with his tusk hooked onto the edge of the ice, at every breathing he e.\pelle<l 
 
 I : 
 
 I 
 
I i, 
 
 
 !f '. . ; 
 
 W- 
 
 1 -. i \ 
 
 1 
 
 122 
 
 Disposal of the Walrtis. 
 
 (December, 1864. 
 
 tbroufjh liis white-wallod inoutli a frightful stream of hot life-blood, and as tlio 
 liiiii<i;iy do<(s rushed up fearlesslj'^ to the very Ibuntain whence the luscious, sa- 
 vory f>»)r(' issued, the dying walrus qui(!kly raised liis head and stnuik it forward 
 with tremendous force, tlumgh to little purpose, as the dogs were too quick dodg- 
 ing the blows. Shoo-she-arlc-Hook at last cut a gash in the neck with his 2)cloud 
 (long knife) and thrust the point into the very marrow of the spine. 
 
 A fresh opening was now made in the ice, and to this the carcass 
 was towed. Then tlie hne, made fast to the tough skin on the nose, 
 was taken to the point of a small hummock five fathoms distant, and 
 back again through a hole in the same tough skin. With this pur- 
 chase, five of the party pulled aw y on the line, giadually sliding the 
 carcass upon the ice. It weighed about 2,200 pounds. 
 
 This done, each In- 
 nuit sprang to the task of 
 cutting open the carcass from 
 head to tail, that it might 
 cover over as large an area 
 as possible on the ice. Yet 
 the moment they commenced 
 to haul up, the ice began to 
 HEAD OF A WALKU8. bcud, aud by the time the 
 
 walrus was disemboweled, the water covered it 6 inches deep. He 
 was now cut up, longitudinally, into three parts, without being 
 skinned, and while this cutting was going on, the dogs acted like so 
 many devils, and it was impossible, even with a spear, to keep them 
 away from the blood and flesh. The backbone, the lights, and a small 
 poi'tion of the entrails only were thrown away. The edges of the 
 longitudinal parts were then placed together by lines, to give each 
 mass a rounded shape. The paunch accidentally fell in the water, 
 
 %\ 
 
 
Drcembcr, 1864.J 
 
 The JIunt Itcneived. 
 
 123 
 
 disappointing TTiill, wlio was tliinkinj^ of a clani-feast. TTo liad ex- 
 pected to find the paunch well filled, as iisnal, with dams dean <»f 
 their shells. lie says that rarely is any part of a shell larger than 
 a dime found within the animal. Having often picked up a shigle 
 shell close by a walrus-hole, he believed that the habit of the animal 
 is to dig but one clam at a time, and then come up to blow and expel 
 the shell. He wonders how it opens the clam so skillfully as not to 
 fracture the shell. 
 
 The homeward journey was attended with the usual troubles in 
 crossing fissures and regaining the land-floe, but at 4.30 p. ni. the 
 party reached their igloos. The dogs, divided into three teams, drew 
 the walrus-rolls, which slid along over the rough ice more readily than 
 a sled Ou-e-la, Ar-too-a, and Nii-Iier-zhoo, who had been furtlier to 
 the southeast, joined Hall and his party on the way homo, Ou-c-la 
 having lost his harpoon in an unsuccessful attempt to secure another 
 walrus. 
 
 One animal only having been taken at this time, the hunt was 
 resumed in the closing days of the month, when a very long journey 
 was made to determine whether the animals were deserting their feed- 
 ing-grounds. Many holes were seen, but no indications of a recent 
 visit, and there seemed no prospect of further success until a gale 
 should carry out the heavy drift, and young ice should again form. 
 For some who were out at this time on the floe, Too-koo-li-too koj)t. 
 a beacon-light burning on the hill-top. The men endured much 
 exposure ; when it was dark, they lay down on the ice with the dogs 
 and slept until they became cold, then aroused themselves and walked 
 again till they got warm ; alternately sleeping and walking through 
 the whole night. 
 
. , 
 
 
 1 '^' ' 
 
 
 1 1' i 
 
 
 :li 
 
 11' Ma 
 
 i 5- 
 
I 
 
 Chaptei^^ y. 
 
 WINTER LIFE AND JOURNEY TO THE WAGER. 
 
 JANUARY TO MAY, 1065. 
 
 s 
 
 126 
 
'Pi 
 
 ? '/'h 
 
 HA 
 
 
 1 .■,1,' 
 
 
 t l^' 
 
 
 iiiL:^ 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Ni;w Ykak's Day— Mam.'h spkiuii— Fi.',astin(i— IIkim.iaxt AnioitAs— Hi; visits with tiik I\. 
 
 M'lT.S Tin: WIlAI.iatS at DkI-OT IhI-AN'D— IIoHPITAMITIOIS and AMINlOMlOMrt ()\ IIOAUD— 
 
 KirririiN to Noo-wook— .Siioo-siie-aiik-nook I'eu8i:a1)Es .so.mk kf tiik I.nmtis to ahan- 
 
 I)().\ IFAM.— Sll'l-OSKI. KAinTKil'AKK— Nl'.W OltOKHH OK TIIK A\-(lK-KO— Mk TKOUOI.OOICAI. 
 
 oiisKuvATioNw— Want ok coxkiuknck in tiik in.stui-.mknts— Exi-eiii.mknt.s a.s to tiik 
 
 KKKKZING-POINT OK MKIICLUY— .SKVKHITY OK TIIK COI.D— DlFKICL'LTY IN SIAKIXCi UKC- 
 OKDS— HaI.I.'s IlltANS TAIII.KT.S— SlI'I'I.IKS NKAIil.Y KXIIAt'STKI>— EltlKUIUNO CO.MKH TO THE 
 
 HKscuK— Flocks ok kidku-ducks in tiik Wkixome— Nativk cistoms in seamncs— 
 
 NU-KKU-ZIIOO'h AND KlIIKUllINo's IM.-SrcCESS— SlI'I'I.IKS OF I'ltOVISION, IIKI,, AND I.IC.IIT 
 NKAKLY flONE— Pl-KNTY llESTOUKU— TlIK SKASON MODERATING— PLAN FOlt SL'UVEY OK 
 
 TIIK Wklcomk— Hall's iiuoken health- The tides in the iuveu— Hemoval to thi: 
 Wageii. 
 
 The first day of the year 1865, Sunday, was one of galo and drift, 
 confining all witliin their huts. To make the Tnnuits acquainted with 
 some of the pleasant customs of civilization, and, by so doing, further 
 gain their respect and good-will, Hall kept the second day of the month 
 as " Now Year's Day." The mean of six thermometers showed a tem- 
 perature of 62° below freezing-point, and no cloud was seen on the 
 sky. Yet Hall says, "We have all been as comfortable as though 
 within houses of brick in New York." 
 
 Too-koo-li-too having informed all the Innuits that calls were 
 expected at the yjloo from the crest of which the American lia< 
 
 g would 
 
 l-'7 
 
128 
 
 New Year's Day. 
 
 (January, 1H03. 
 
 bo flying, visits wore rocoivcd fit n very early hour, the visitors luiviii}^ 
 but a short distance to come through the snow-covered passage-ways 
 which connected ahnost all the igloos. Each one was greeted with 
 "Happy Now Year! IIai)py New Year!" A breakfast of frozen veni- 
 son, well relished, was followed by another on tood-noo, to which young 
 Oolc-har-loo, son of l£rk-tu-a, treated all hfinds. Hall then set a table 
 made of sea-chests resting on snow-pedestals. It was 25 feet in length, 
 
 OKOUNU I'LAN OF VILLACiE lULOt). 
 
 I, cutraiicc ; II, ceiitral igloo ; 13, bed-plutforui ; F, Uoor ; L, liiiup. 
 
 extending into the huts of Ou-e-la, Ar-mou, and Nu-ker-slioo, and hav- 
 ing for seats around it snow-blocks cushioned with deer-skins. Flags 
 were draped, and lamps were lit all along the table, and at 2 p. m. 
 twenty-one grown persons sat down to the feast. Mammark, a wife, 
 for special reasons, and Ook-hur-loo, because still an invalid, being ruled 
 out l>y custom, ate by themselves. 
 
Jannurr. ISM.J 
 
 The Feast and the Key-loiv-tih. 
 
 129 
 
 Vegetable and pemmican soup and sea-bread were furnished, with 
 coffee and isinglass-jelly, and raisins were freely distributed for dessert. 
 Too-koo-li-too waited on the guests. On their rising from the table, 
 many of them placed their hands in front, close by where they had 
 abundantly stowed away the good things, and cried out, "Good! very 
 good ! " 
 
 At the second table, eighteen children were gathered, while the 
 men retired to Ou-e-la^s hut to smoke. At 5 p. m., the men were 
 treated to brandy punch, of which a few sips also were offered to the 
 women, as they had asked Too-koo-li-too to let them taste what their 
 husbands had told them of as a heart-warming and happy-making 
 drink. Erk-tu-a said she had drink of the same kind many times on 
 board PaiTy's ships, years before. 
 
 The snow-domes were soon after made to ring with the songs of 
 eleven of the women, mingled with the noise of repeated performances 
 by the men on the key-loiv-tik, and followed by the Jhunderings of a 
 dance. Each woman had on her forehead a bright brass band, while 
 down one side of her face hung the usual long pig-tail adornment; on 
 her breast was a 10-inch square cloth, the ground- work of which was 
 scarlet, and the fringe, scores of long stnngs of beads a. <^ glass buttons; 
 the body of the breastplate being covered with the same. Ebierbing 
 was called out, and responded with a song, which, according to In- 
 nuit custom, was his own property — not transferable. He had pro- 
 foundly attentive listeners, and Too-koo-li-too said she never had 
 thought her husband could do so well. 
 
 Hall then gave notice through Ebierbing that he had a speech to 
 make, and Ebierbing made quite a speech in givin^the notice. Dress- 
 ing as a civilized man and taking a central position under a snow-arch, 
 S. Lx. 27 9 
 
I ' ' 
 
 'M ! 
 
 180 
 
 HaWs /Speech. 
 
 [Jaanarr, 186S. 
 
 hi 
 
 i :rf 
 
 
 Hall then "began with his best bow" by expressing his satisfaction at 
 having lived with them four moons as a brother, without either having 
 spoken one bad word to them, or having heard one from them to him- 
 self He tried to impress them with the greatness of his native coun- 
 try, and the protection always shown to its citizens by its one great 
 E-she-mut-ta (Chief), enforcing this idea by pointing to the flags 
 arouna him. Giving them some idea of the Queen of England also, 
 whom he called ''the Great Mother that owned all the big water and 
 the land on which they were, as well as the country of Ebierbing and 
 Too-koo-li-too," he turned to these two, and told of their visit to Eng- 
 land and to the palace of the Queen. After offering a good deal of 
 wholesome advice to persuade his hearers to have more care as to their 
 intercourse with white men, some of whom, he reminded them, had 
 robbed them of their hunting lines, while others had taught them to 
 be profane, and had introduced disease among them, he repeated in 
 full his reasons for leaving home. "I have come," he said, "to your 
 country to find out all about some white brothers who came to 
 your land many years ago, but who never came back. Many of 
 these brothers had wives and children. Their wives want the Innuits 
 to tell me all about what they know of their husbands. Their children 
 want you to tell me all about what you know of their fathers. 
 * * * I shall want you to help me a good deal ; you have 
 told me that you would go with me to Neitchille, and help me to find 
 out all about the ship or two ships, as some of you have told me, that 
 were two years, as you all say, in the ice near that place. I have pow- 
 der, balls, shot, and caps enough for us all for three years. All these 
 things I will share with you. So long as I am in your country, let us 
 be as we have been for the four moons just passed — a band of brothers 
 
Jnnnarr, 180S<] 
 
 An Aurora. 
 
 131 
 
 jiud sisters. I thank you all vory much. Good nig-lit." On liis con- 
 cluding" a very long- talk, of which the precedinj^ is the substance, 
 Too-koo-li-too told Hall that ho had much pleased his hearers, who 
 wished him to talk again He had throughout the speech made fre- 
 quent pauses, so that his interpreters could make him perfectly under- 
 stood. 
 
 The three days which followed the feast had been again days of 
 gale and drift. The meteorological notes of the fourth day of the 
 month read: "This morning the mean of five thermometers " is 70° 
 below freezing-point. The registers of three others are rejected. One 
 of them, the longest, indicates over 100° below freezing-point; No. 2 
 registers 110°, and No. 7 will not register more than 77° below the 
 freezing-point. A long and heavy cloud overhung the open water in 
 the Welcome, its vapor looking like steam from a monstrous boiling 
 cauldron." 
 
 On the evening of the 7th, at 8.45, a band of children came run- 
 ning into Hall's iffloo, crying out ^^ Oh-shum-nmng ! Ok-shum-mung!^^ — 
 (Lights very fine.) He thus describes this aurora: When he registered 
 the thermometer at 7 p. m., the sky was clear and cloudless, and there 
 were no evidences of auroral action. At 8.45 there were three belts 
 of aurora extending nearly in straight lines from near the horizon in 
 the southeast up to the zenith, and thence within 40° of the horizon 
 to the northwest. To the southwest there were belts of aurora, com- 
 passing a large portion of the heavens from 15° to 40° above the hori- 
 zon, these belts having contortions or folds like those in the Con- 
 stellation, Draco. A fresh breeze was blowing from the north-north- 
 west. Thermometer, 72° below freezing-point; barometer, 30.04. 
 
 * 
 
132 
 
 !ii,i 
 
 The Natives Wish to Visit the Ships Afjain 
 
 [Jnnnnrr, I869> 
 
 i 
 
 The rays of the aurora were vertical; it appeared all alive, as if in 
 high glee, dancing to and fro with almost the rapidity of lightning. 
 The three belts extending from southeast to northwest were the most 
 interesting, as they often flashed into the brilliant colors of the rain- 
 bow. Each belt occasionally resolved itself into two lines or tiers of 
 rays; as one line would dance rapidly to windward, the other would 
 dance as quickly in the opposite direction. This extraordinary display 
 lasted five minutes — an unusual time. Hall was so impressed with it 
 that he wrote, " If at home it could be witnessed for one moment, one 
 would say, * I never saw northern lights before.'" 
 
 The natives were now looking forward to hunt again for walrus 
 when the ice should form. After securing one animal they would 
 renew their visit to the whale-ships. They pleaded for this visit their 
 promise to assist the captains in getting fresh meat for the crews, and 
 their having received from them many presents without making any 
 in return. Hall's journal says : 
 
 Iniiuits are a strange people to deal with; a white man, to get along with 
 them, must liave the patience of Job. They are the children of nature, and like 
 to do just as a notion leads them. I learned this evening that half the people of 
 the village, including several of the women, are making arrangements to accom- 
 pany me down to Depot Island. I must try to check this, for if the Innuits can 
 be induced to be here in the middle of February, I can make my desired journey 
 next spring. If I had a small vessel at Eepulse Bay, I could learn all the particu- 
 lars of the Franklin Expedition in two years; with Innuits alone it may take five 
 or more. If I have, however, a team of ten dogs, mj^self Ebierbiug and Too- 
 koo-li-too can reach Boothia Felix in the spring. I regret that I have not a few 
 white men with me. 
 
 But a second visit to the ship at Depot Island was arranged. 
 The party was made up of Hall, six Innuit men, Too-koo-li-too, and 
 six other females, a boy (Oot-pik), and two babes; all of whom were 
 
Juunaryi 1863>| 
 
 IlaWs Visit to the Whalers. 
 
 133 
 
 seated on three sledges drawn by twenty-two dogs. Tlie boy, Oot-pik, 
 liad awakened in Hall much interest by his brightness and his hand- 
 some figure. When an infant, he was near perishing by being cast off 
 by his parents, who thought that he was near death and would never 
 be other than a burden to them, and his fate was just decided, on their 
 taking fright when his hair began to fall off But Ar-goo-moo-too-lik 
 and his wife, who had but one child of their own, by the consent of 
 the boy's parents, promptly interposed to adopt him, and he very soon 
 recovered his full health. Quick to learn, he was now fast becoming 
 ready in speaking English. 
 
 The sledge party were well supplied with venison, walrus-meat, 
 and blubber, and reindeer-furs for traffic; besides their own provision 
 and the articles necessary for use on their journey. The thermometer, 
 when they bade good-bye to the twenty-six Innuits left behind, was 
 72° below freezing-point. Running for a short distance directly south 
 over the land, they struck out for the sea-ice soon found to be smooth, 
 and then followed the coast, with the open water on their left hand at 
 the distance of less than a mile. Large flocks of ducks were seen, 
 and fast- streaming columns of vapor rose vertically into a heavy 
 fog-bank extending north and south as far as the eye could reach. 
 At 3 p. m., leaving the coast and striking the tracks of the party who 
 had gone down in December, they halted for the night at the old 
 igloo, which had been occupied by that company, about 17 nautical 
 miles south-southwest from their winter quarters at Noo-wook. A 
 load of venison and tood-noo was soon secured from one of the many de- 
 posits which had been made in the last season. Two small storehouses 
 were next quickly built near enough to the igloo for them to hear any 
 attempt the dogs might make to break into these for the meat ; and 
 
 'W 
 
•V! ,. 
 
 134 
 
 The Igloo Made on the Journey. 
 
 [Jnnunrr, 1865. 
 
 ■\ 
 
 i'iij 
 
 i' ;' i- 
 
 m 
 
 while one of Ou-e-Ms wives shoveled out the snow-drift from the main 
 hut, the other increased the thickness of its walls by banking up more 
 snow on the outside. Hall's offered assistance to the women in this 
 wox'k of using the por-kin, (snow-shovel,) was refused by the husband. 
 The drift being thrown out of the way, Ou-e-la then entered and made 
 a bed-platform on each side of the igloo, dividing the two by a trench 
 a foot in depth. 
 
 GROUND-PLAN OP IGLOO. 
 
 January 9, 1865. Scale, i"-12". 
 
 The women and children having then crowded in, made up the 
 beds by spreading over the platforms their furred deer-skins, and lit 
 the three fire-lamps to melt snow for the thirsty. The men on enter- 
 ing carefully beat their jackets and kodlin, (outside breeches,) with their 
 ar-row-tars, to prevent the warmth of the igloo during the night from 
 
!■ 
 
 T, 1869. 
 
 The Sleep in the Snow-Hut 
 
 135 
 
 melting the snow upon them ; for if it again froze upon them it would 
 make the garments heavy as well as cold. This thorough beating re- 
 
 AU-ROW-TAR, SNOW-BEATER. 
 
 The wood of this from one of Franklin's ships. 
 
 quired a full half hour. The temperature within the hut, under the 
 influence of the lamps and of the crowd, quickly rose from 41°, but 
 was again lowered by the venison in the trench, which, when first 
 brought in, smoked as if on fire. To prevent the tongue and lips from 
 being frozen at the first taste of the meat, it was held, for a few 
 moments, in mittened hands and breathed upon, the children's share 
 being kept awhile in their parents' mouths. Oii-e-Ms half-breed in- 
 fant, slipping entirely naked from its mother's hood, played on the 
 bed, and on Ou-e-Ms raising the child to his shoulders, it stood erect, 
 balancing itself, swinging its arms and crowing at the feat. 
 
 At 9 p. m., the whole party huddled together for the night, some 
 being compelled to sit upright through the long hours of sleep. Sev- 
 enteen breathers were sealed up, with a large snow-block, in a hut but 
 10 feet in diameter! On opposite sides of the trench, nine were on 
 one platform and eight on the other ; every one (Innuit fashion) 
 having the head toward the trench. 
 
 In the morning, between the hours of 3 and 4, the men waked, 
 ate a quantity of deer-meat, smoked, and again went to sleep. At 5, 
 the whole party were amused to find that the lamp-smoke during the 
 night had covered them with soot. Hall waked with a severe head- 
 ache from the " excess of carbonic-acid gas generated by three fire- 
 lights and seventeen persons." 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
136 
 
 Uall Frcquent/i/ FtoU- Bitten. 
 
 IJanHarr, IHflS. 
 
 Having- re-shod their runners with ice, they now repeated their 
 experiences of the preceding day and made a journey of 2G miles in a 
 south-southwest direction, the children riding all the Avay, but the 
 grown persons about half the time walking or running beside the 
 sleds. 
 
 SEAL-SKl.N HOOTS. 
 
 UKAH-SKIN Ml! lEXS. 
 
 Watching Hall, the natives on this day, and on the days follow- 
 ing, thirty times restored his frost-bitten nose and cheeks by their 
 vigorous rubbing. He accounts for this frosting by the fact that for 
 the preceding month he had eaten but little, having lost all appetite 
 for walrus-meat, and by his leaving his "phiz" unprotected, as he 
 wished it to become hardened to cold. His cheek at one time re- 
 mained frozen fifteen minutes. 
 
 In the igloo occupied the second night, slabs of frozen kow (walrus- 
 hide) were hung on spears running crosswise near the top of the hut. 
 They were thus partially thawed by morning, when the dogs were 
 called in one at a time and fed on short strips of the meat. 
 
 On the third day a furious gale was encountered, which increased 
 below Cape Fullerton, compelling a halt at 2.15 p. m., at the end of a 
 journey of 26 miles, during which it had been necessary to encase the 
 children in reindeer-skins, and lash them on Ou-e-la!s sled. 
 
 The iirst stroke of the spear in testing at this place the snow and 
 
 I 
 
 '! 4. 
 
 i ill, I ill 
 
Jnnuaryi iS03<l 
 
 A Seal-Afjloo. 
 
 137 
 
 ice for a now hut noAV struck the dorao of a seal agloo, the inclosure 
 in which the young seal is born and reared. It was oval, its diameters 
 being 4^ and 5^ feet, and its height from the floor of sea-ice to its dome, 
 2 feet. Those which Hall had before seen were circular. The open- 
 ing for the seal to come up into this snow-dome made by her through 
 the sea-ice, was near the end of the longer diameter. 
 
 The party found their resting-place for this night warmer 
 than that in their first igloo, which they said was because this 
 hut was entirely new. They were, however, several miles from land, 
 and in danger of being driven by the storm into the broad Hudson 
 Bay. 
 
 On the two following days the wind was fair, and the thermome- 
 ter ranged from 3G° to 34°. On the 12th, their fourth igloo was made 
 on a small island 28 miles due west of their third. The land on their 
 right was too low to be seen, but, according to the Eskimos, it was 
 marked by deep inlets and bays, one of which extended to the north 
 from 50 to 75 miles. On the left a ridge of hummocks intervened 
 between them and the open water, a distance of from one to three 
 miles. Hall expresses a desire to make an accurate survey of this 
 whole coast-line, even from York Factory to Eepulse Bay ; as, from 
 what he had seen, he judged that no chart gave anything like an 
 accurate delineation of it — certainly none showed the coast from 
 Cape Fullerton to Depot Island. On account of the shore being 
 very low and nearly uniform, a survey would have required much 
 time and care. 
 
 At a late hour of the next day, Oii-e-la, mounting a hummock, 
 pointed out the masts of the whale-ships, which his quick eye discov- 
 ered when Hall could not see them ; they appeared only as sharp 
 
 J 
 
 >• 
 
 m 
 
138 
 
 Arrival at Depot Island. 
 
 IJaaiiurri INOS. 
 
 1 ! 
 
 .;! 
 
 needle-lines in the distance. The dogs were now urged to their 
 utmost speed, but the storm-clouds shut in upon them before Hall 
 could take a compass-bearing which might have saved some hours of 
 wandering. Traveling then became exceedingly difficult, until, accord- 
 ing to Eskimo usage in such cases, a woman was selected as the guide. 
 One of On-e-lah wives well executed this task, although for a time mis- 
 led by a light on Ar-goo-moo-too-lWs sled which was seeking to regain 
 its track. This light was from a piece of moss at the bottom of a dish 
 containing a little oil ; at first she believed it to be on the ships. Re- 
 gaining their course, the party soon saw a signal swinging high on the 
 mast of the Monticello, its crew having heard ihe cries of the dog- 
 drivers and dogs for half a mile back. 
 
 Hall had closely shaved his hair and beard for this journey, 
 yet devoutly wishing when he cut them that the ice could have been 
 kept off, that they might have been saved to warm him. He was 
 distinguishable from the rest of the snow-covered party by his voice 
 only ; but was soon recognized by Captain Chapel, and welcomed to 
 his old quarters on the ship. After partaking of the first hospitalities 
 of the Monticello, and seeing that his party were properly cared for, 
 he turned into his bunk, expecting a full season of rest. But the 
 change from the igloo was too sudden ; he slept none during the night. 
 After his next meal he could not help entering in his journal that he 
 "liked civilization food" as well as any man, and it was only through 
 his determination to fathom the mystery relative to the lost expedition 
 that he could possibly submit to live the life of the Eskimos as he had 
 done and as he must still do. He congratulated himself that he had 
 not forgotten how to use his plate, knife, and fork after 135 days' disuse 
 of said articles. 
 
JnnHarjTi I86S> 
 
 Amusements on Board the Whalers. 
 
 139 
 
 In this liarbor, a little more than a mile west of Depot Island, four 
 whalers besides the Monticello were anchored within rifle-shot of each 
 other ; these were the George and Mary of New London ; the Black 
 J]agle and the Antelope of New Bedford ; and the Concordia of Fair- 
 haven, Mass. Each was banked up with snow six or eight feet thick 
 and nearly up to the gunwale, the upper deck being well housed. On 
 board the Monticello, altliough but little coal was used, the tempera- 
 ture was kept above 32° throughout the vessel. Five other whalers, 
 including the Ansell Gibbs and the Tender, Helen F., were anchored 
 in a commodious harbor completely land-locked on the northwest side 
 of Marble Island , an islet about 15 miles in length, lying 12 miles 
 off the coast. 
 
 On board all of these vessels the musements usually gotten up by 
 Arctic voyagers for maintaining the cheerfulness and health of their crews 
 were at this time in full play, and were generally of a theatrical charac- 
 ter, varied by masked balls and by several forms of the dance. Among 
 the exercises of speaking and singing, the memory of Franklin and the 
 fate of his expedition were not forgotten. The new-comers were par- 
 ticularly pleased with the farces, while Tdb-koo-li-too, in her turn, 
 gave the ships' companies great satisfaction by her skill in a Green- 
 land dance. 
 
 Hall experienced a full share of the hospitalities frequently recip- 
 rocated between the vessels at the two islands. The meat which his 
 party had brought down with the design of dividing it among the five 
 ships at Depot Island had been pounced upon by one crew. But the 
 supply of fresh meats- was plentiful on all the ships, and the condition 
 of the musk-ox meat previously obtained, and of the hogs brought out 
 from home, was a good indication of the care taken by the whalers 
 
140 
 
 Ilo.'tpUalUi/ on lioanl. 
 
 IJnnunrr, INM3. 
 
 against Hcurvy, cases of which wore very few and of the lightest forai. 
 His first (lisai)|)ointniont was the news that botli the Anteh)i)o and 
 tljo lihick Eagle had been in Kepulso Bay in August previous ; that 
 the land was then covered with reindeer, and that these ships had 
 looked for him, and would probably have remained there all the win- 
 ter had they found him. These vessels had seen many whales, and 
 each ship had secured ten; all which had been seen, were small. Hall's 
 disappointment was followed by his entire failure to obtain now a 
 promise from Oii-c-la of a dog-team for his spring sledge journey, or 
 the loan of a team from the ships ; they would need all their dogs for 
 the early spring floe-whaling. 
 
 During his stay on the whalers, unwillingly protracted to the 
 10th of the following month, he spent much time on the volumes of 
 his Arctic library, left on the Monticello in August; especially on 
 those works which would best aid him on this voyage and on his 
 proposed future voyage to the North Pole He did not fail to record 
 some strange reading of the thermometers, together with interest- 
 ing auroral and other atmospheric phenomena. On the 15th, the 
 mercurial thermometer oi^ the Monticello's mainmast read, at 7 a. m., 
 — 44° ; at noon, — 43° ; at 7 p. m., — 45° ; while his own ethereal ther- 
 mometer read, at the same hours, — 37°, — 36°, — 38°. 
 the last three records too high. He says : 
 
 He believed 
 
 I am convinced of this by the test I lately made at my winter quarters by 
 exposing, one night, a dish of pure mercury to the outdoor air. My thermometers 
 are numbered 0, I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII. In the morning, wlien my No. 
 thermometer stood at 400.5, the mercury was frozen so hard that oidy the sliarp 
 nails of the finger could be made to penetrate it. Undoubtedly 5° or 0° higher 
 temperature would have left it in a frozen, unfluid state. Some mercury will 
 freeze at — 38° ; pure may not at even — H)°. 
 
 'tl!-, 
 
 ii ii 
 
 ilil! ' 
 
Vfbruarri INttS.I 
 
 How to Determine Time at the Pole. 
 
 141 
 
 111 ('liapt'l's tlicriiiometer tlio mercury would not nui down tlio tiibc whilo 
 Invortt'd until ii lew dogreos of wimntli wore I'oniniuniciitetl to it, but tln> tln'r- 
 iiionu'tcr continut'd to act. I am satisllcd that a good mcn'uriid instnimcnt will 
 indicati' the true state of the atmosidiere several doffiees below the temperature 
 of the mercury with which it is tilled. 
 
 In ono of his leisure hours, revolving in mind the problem of 
 dotermininj^ time at the North Polo, ho eanio to the conclusion that 
 Avith the liel}) of an English nsiiitical almanac, Greenwich time could bo 
 found there by star occultations or by the eclipses of Ju})iter's satel- 
 lites, but perhaps oftener by lunar distances. He had at first reasoned 
 Jhat at a place where there could be no such thing as a day, and no 
 cardinal point but one ; where all the heavenly bodies revolve paral- 
 lel to the horizon, with the exception of the change caused by the 
 variation of declination ; where there is no meridian, or rather whero 
 every meridian is :— it would seem impossible to determine time. 
 
 *Tliero is one great difliculty thiit will be experienced liywlioinsoeverHli.iU reach tlio Pole; 
 that is, iherexiUlhv )io means for diivtiniiiing time hy aatronomical ohmrvations How can there be 
 when all the heavenly bodies in view of the observer while at the Pole are continually ntvolving 
 about liini jiarallel with his horizon. The only exception to this is simply the variation of decli- 
 nation. At the Xorth I'olv there can bo no vjijier or lower culminations of the sun, nionn, planets, 
 and stars, for it is a point whero there is no meridian; then it follows that there is no day thert! — 
 no solar day, no sidcrial day, no Ivnar day. Why no day f "Because a day is the interval time 
 between the departure of a heavenly body from any meridian and its succeeding return to it ;" 
 and there being no meridian fit the North Pole, there can bo no departure from or niturn to oiiti by 
 a heavenly body. At the North Polo there is no meridian ; it is a point nevertheless where tlio 
 meridians of every spot on the face of the globe meet, or, in other words, where they teriniuato 
 to (zero or nothing). But a iieie idea had just struck me. Time can bo determined at the North 
 Pole by litnarg. Having a Nautical Almanac and the usual instruments, it can bo (.'asily done. 
 Take one observation of the sun's iiltitudo, or of either of ttlo planets or stars used in lunar obser- 
 vations; one altitude of tho moon, without any particular caro in noting the exact time when 
 these two observations are made ; then carefully observe tho angular distance of sun and moon, 
 or moon and ono of tho planets or stars used in lunar observations, and note the time. 
 
 [I did not mean by my references to determining time at tho P(do that this will be North 
 Polar time or mean time. Certainly not, for this, as I understand the matter, would be absurd. 
 To siiy that such an event occurred at such an hour North Polo time or mean time would be out of 
 all reason]. 
 
 Having made tho usual observations in taking a lunar, work these up. The true distance 
 of tho moon from sun, or planet, or star being found, proceed with tho use of the lunar tables as 
 in lunar Avork. The result will be Greenwich time if tho British or American Nautical Almanac 
 bo the ono used. I do not consider it uccessary that one at tho Polo should have a chronometer 
 
142 
 
 Hall Returns to Noo-wook. 
 
 i I 
 
 [February, 1863. 
 
 !'? 
 
 ! ! 
 
 On the 10th of February he began his return journey to Noo- 
 wooJc, leaving behind him, as he had unwillingly anticipated, the larger 
 number of the natives. They had made themselves very useful in 
 hunting for the crews the seal, the fox, and the bear, with the usual 
 varied success and excitement of the chase. Ar-mou at one time going 
 alone in pursuit of a large polar, harpooned him, but, in his determi- 
 nation to secure the animal, he was himself fairly dragged over the 
 thin ice to the sea and nearly drowned. Oii^e-la and Ar-mou, before 
 going down in December, hav^ c.^*eed that they would early return. 
 But now, with their wives and friends, they were not unwillingly 
 detained by the captains. On bidding the whalers good-bye. Hall 
 was furnished with some substantial and even delicacies ; for he was 
 unable to conceal the fact that he considered some "civilization food" 
 as almost a necessity. After the play of Damon and Pythias, given in 
 his honor on the previous evening, he made a speech to 140 seamen 
 gathered on one of the ships, complimenting the courage and hardi- 
 hood of the American whalers who succeeded in finding harbors in a 
 
 tliat hail boeu adjusted to Greenwich or to any other time in making his lunar observations. 
 Indeed, it may be supposed that he knows nothing of time save the year. By the observed alti- 
 tude and variation of declination of the sun or one of the planets, he can determine the month of 
 the year, and by the lunar distance the day of the month, and by repeated workings of the lunar 
 observations can determine Greenwich mean time as approximately as lunars will admit. 
 H.aving Greenwich mean time by it, one easily gets Greenwich apparent time. The party now at 
 the Pole, Ave will say, is desirous to proceed toward Greenwich. He consults his watch, which is 
 now at band and in running order. A good time-pieee should, however, be in hand at the time 
 the angular distance of the moon from the sun, or the moon from such other heavenly body as 
 may be used in the lunar observations is observed, and the exact moment noted. !No matter what 
 hour this instrument is set to before commencing the observation, the result of the lunar obser- 
 vations will show how much too fast or slow the chronometer is on Greenwich time ; and thus 
 one has in hand the instrument to tell him at any moment, therefore, the Greenwich mean time. 
 
 When the time-piece indicates the apparent time of Greenwich of Oh. Om. Os., the sun (we 
 ■will suppose it to be summer in north latitude) is, on the meridian of Greenwich, exactly in the 
 direction of Greenwich. 
 
 The observer at this moment directs his coinpass-sigli\< and takes a bearing. He proceeds, 
 as he leaves the Polo, not only south (there is only one cardinal point at the North Pole, which 
 is south), but on the vieridian of Greenwich. ' 
 
 Greenwich mean time may be determ'ned by an occultation of a stai or of a planet; also, 
 hy the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites. Jupiter, however, is alternately in sight and out of sight 
 for six years at a time at the Poles of the earth. (Journal on board the whaler at Depot Island.) 
 
Vebrnarr. 1863.] 
 
 Arrival at Noo-wook. 
 
 143 
 
 locality in the bay where a like success had not been met with by H. 
 M. S. Griper in 1824.* 
 
 Beginning his jouniey at 8.30 in the morning, he was accompanied 
 by Shoo-she-ark-nooJc, Ook-bar-ho, Too-koo-li-too, and a girl named 
 Notv-yer. Their dogs numbered ten. After traveling 27 miles in an 
 easterly direction, they again quartered for the night in an igloo on the 
 sea-ice. The distance made on the second day was about the same 
 as that on the first, but on the third they lost their way, Hall's com- 
 passes proving totally unreliable. He was glad again to trust himself 
 to the skillful guidance of the Innuits. Turning next to the north 
 they were met by a furious gale from the northeast, with thick snow, 
 shutting them up a second time on the ice of the Welcome, but the 
 next morning all was calm and "clear as a bell." 
 
 They reached Noo-wook on the 14th. 
 
 Hall had suffered on the journey by the strange conduct of Shoo- 
 she-ark-nook, who had allowed each of the party but a few ounces from 
 the abundance of walrus-meat packed on the sled, although he ate 
 pounds of it himself and fed it to the dogs, and although Hall had 
 freely shared with him all his own bread and coffee. To keep up his 
 strength and warmth, for the supply of winch to an Arctic traveler 
 bread and coffee are not enough, he had submitted to eat the 
 unpalatable and tough kow (hide of the walrus). 
 
 In accordance with the expectations he had held out to the natives 
 on New Year's Day, he now distributed to them the presents which he 
 had obtained from the ships. The bread which Ar-mou had sent back 
 to his family had unfortunately been stolen by the dogs on the jour- 
 
 * Lyon's journal (p. 110) says: Marble Island, according to Middleton, is tlio only spot along 
 the whole American coast from Churchill upward which affords tolerably good anchorage. 
 There is an excellent harbor in the island, but its entrance is dangerous. At spring tides there 
 arc only 13 feet on the bar. The Griper drev/ Ifi feet. 
 
Nil 
 
 if 
 
 11^ ■■ 
 
 ■1! ' 
 
 III, 
 
 144 
 
 -4 Beported Earthquake. 
 
 [Frbrunry, 1863. 
 
 ney. The natives were living on short commons, because of their recent 
 ill success in hunting. Ebierbing, on the day following, while on an 
 unsuccessful walrus hunt, killed one of a large flock of eider-ducks 
 (Mei-tuks), of the weight of which Hall satisfied himself by first bal- 
 ancing it with the two books "The Fate of Franklin" and "Burritt's 
 Geography of the Heavens" in a tin kettle, and then balancing these 
 volumes with a bag of rifle-balls. He found the weight of the duck 
 to be that of 312 rifle-balls, = 6 pounds. The bird had in its gizzard 
 snail-shells in perfect condition, wiiich were preserved for examination 
 as to their species. 
 
 On the 17th, at 50 minutes past noon, a low rumbling noise was 
 heard, resembling that of a train of cars slowly crossing a bridge and 
 dying gradually away. The Innuits said that a like noise had been 
 heard twice during Hall's absence, coming from the southeast, and 
 continuing for a long time, and spoke of it as Toon-gwa, the bad Spirit, 
 shaking the earth. During a new performance by the an-ge-ko, to 
 which he summoned all hands at midnight, he issued the order that 
 the kook-higs must not be emptied, nor the frost scraped from the ice- 
 windows of the igloos till sunrise. This order, however, was accom- 
 panied by another decree for an exchange of wives; and on his own 
 wife's refusal to go to Ebierbing's hut for this purpose, the An-ge-ko, 
 (Ar-too-a,) beat her most unmercifully. 
 
 A few days after, fourteen of the Innuits moved a few miles 
 southward, ostensibly to be nearer the seal and walrus grounds and 
 their depositaries of reindeer-meat. About an equal number, includ- 
 ing his two fast friends, remained with Hall. Shoo-she-ark-nook, 
 through some ill feeling, had endeavored to persuade every one to 
 desert him. During this native's sickness and that of his son. Hall 
 had closely watched both, and saved them when at death's door. For 
 
Febrnnry, 1N6S. 
 
 A Seal Secured hy Ingenuity. 
 
 145 
 
 a few days, now, he was placed under serious apprehension that Shoo- 
 she-ark-nook would induce all to leave him with Ebierbing and Too- 
 koo-li-too, to jret along the best way they could alone. The fel- 
 low was, not long after, brought to terms when his own necessities 
 returned upon him. 
 
 Ebierbing, on the 19th, shot a seal weighing 125 pounds. It was 
 too fat to sink, and its blubber made more than four gallons of oil. 
 The meat was divided equally among all the families. Having no 
 other means of securing a second seal which he had killed at too great 
 a distance from the land-ice to be reached by his harpoon, he had 
 endeavored to lodge in its body a line shot out from a rifle-grooved 
 ball ; but, each time, his line broke. His companions, talking over the 
 matter, returned to the spot with Hall, and found the water now cov- 
 ered with a thin coat of ice. Lashing together a number of poles and 
 flats, and making of them an oonar (seal-spear) a hundred feet in length, 
 they fastened to its end a harpoon carrying a seal -line, and then 
 pushed this long pole through a hole in the ice toward the seal. It re- 
 quired skill to direct it, as the sea-ice is not transparent, but on the second 
 attempt, after sunset, the sejil was reached, and the harpoon withdrawn 
 an arm's length and struck into the animal by a skillful blow. Snow 
 was next kicked upon the body, and then thoroughly rubbed off with 
 the feet, to prevent its hairy coat from being loaded with ice. A hole 
 was cut in its nose and a line passed through it, by a loop of which, 
 thrown over Hall's shoulders, he dragged it to his igloo, sharing it 
 equally with all. 
 
 On the 24th and 25th a severe gale prevailed from the north- 
 northwest, the thermometer ranging from —23° to —34°, and the snow 
 drifting thickly. Over the Welcome, the fog-bank showed that the ice 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -10 
 
19'! 1(K- 
 
 '' '■ Ir 
 
 'i ill 
 
 'I :iii 
 
 1 ir!i 
 
 iili llf!. 
 
 «;)' 
 
 
 Iv'i 
 
 fl; 
 
 ,1 
 
 
 i'i 
 
 ' •i 
 
 
 
 ■ 11 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 , 
 
 146 
 
 Low but Unreliable Thermometer Headings. [Pebraary, isfla. 
 
 had been driven off shore. The mean of the five thermometers at 7 p. 
 m., when tlie gale had entirely subsided, was — 39°; but Hall had now 
 further reason to place no confidence in two out of seven instruments, 
 one of which stood at — 100° and the other at — 75°. Shortly after 
 this he wrote : " It is annoying to have but one of nine thermom- 
 eters, right. But by taking even one to the United States, and having 
 it compared with a standard, with my data, all the observations can be 
 worked up to said standard." 
 
 During the niglit of the 26th his five self-registering thermometers 
 read, -48°, -46°, —48°, —48°, — /)2°. At 8 a. n. he -peri- 
 mented with the mercury given to him by Mr. Green, one Oi the in- 
 strument-makers of New York, for his artificial horizon Pouring some 
 of this into a dish near his thermometer, he found the mass quickly 
 frozen, small spherical drops remaining fluid until the pressure of a 
 pencil changed their form. When the mass of the mercury again 
 became fluid, or nearly so, with the rising temperature, these globules 
 remained solid. 
 
 The following table gives the results of his observations ; the 
 thermometers numbered I, II, and VII, at»first being below the marks, 
 were not read : 
 
 is 
 
 
 
 Thcrmomctora 
 
 nuinbi'iec 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stprruiial test — stntc of ex- 
 poHCd mercury. 
 
 ^1 
 
 0. 
 
 I. 
 
 ir. 1 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 h, m. 
 
 -38° 
 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 -37°. 5 
 
 -38°. 5 
 
 -38°. 5 
 
 -44° 
 
 fe =6 
 
 Hai-d frozen. 
 
 8 
 
 -37°. 5 
 
 " ^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 -.IfiO 
 
 -38°. 5 
 
 -38°. 5 
 
 -44° 
 
 o .g 
 
 Hard frozen. 
 
 a 30 
 
 -360 
 
 ^ -t 
 
 -83°. 5 
 
 -.'14°. 5 
 
 -38° 
 
 -37°. 5 
 
 -42° 
 
 Hard frozen. 
 
 ou 
 
 -3.-.0 
 
 
 -80° 
 
 -33°. 7 
 
 -36° 
 
 -35°. 5 
 
 -40° 
 
 -41° 
 
 Hard frozen. 
 
 10 10 
 
 -33°. 5 
 
 n 
 
 -77° 
 
 -32° 
 
 -34°. 25 
 
 -34° 
 
 -38° 
 
 -39° 
 
 Yieldhij; ,i Uttlo. 
 
 10 25 
 
 -32° 
 
 -90° 
 
 -73°. 5 ' 
 
 -30° 
 
 -33° 
 
 -33° 
 
 -30° 
 
 -37° 
 
 Scnii-tiiiid, half of it. 
 
 10 45 
 
 -30° 
 
 -880 
 
 -72° 
 
 -29° 
 
 -31°. 75 
 
 -31° 
 
 -35° 
 
 -36° 
 
 Nearlv fluid; some still solid. 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
February, INAS.J 
 
 The Freezing- Point of Mercury. 
 
 147 
 
 These experiiTients still further confirmed his uncertainty as to the 
 true freezing-point of mercury, and he was at a loss to know how to 
 correct his thennometer-reg-ister. On the following day he continued 
 his experiments with frozen mercury, the lowest temperature during 
 the night having been — 39'^ ; and at 7 a m.-his themiometers standing 
 thus: - 36°, - 90°, - 72°, - 34°, - 36°, - 36°, - 40°, — 42°. An 
 attempt to mold mercury into a bullet did not meet with success. The 
 temperature of the freezing mass now differed from what had appeared 
 on the previous day, and he began to question whether its repeated 
 freezing does not affect the case, or whether the discrepancies noted 
 had not arisen from some lack of watchfulness needed to prevent the 
 communicating of heat to the thermometers from his own person.* 
 He says : " Why should I not be in doubt about the freezing-point of 
 mercury when masses freeze and little rain-drops of the same metal 
 from the same jar remain fl' id? Admitting that mercury freezes, by a 
 
 * Those notes of Hall's oxperiments may be compared with the following, to be found in the 
 " Results derived from the Arctic Expedition, ISTH-'TC" (Parlianu'utary Paper C, 217C). Captain 
 Nares says, on p. 107 : 
 
 " Tlie spirit and mercury thermometers were fixed alongside one another in the same 
 screen, and, being read off every hour during the winter, were found to agree very well together 
 mitil the temperature fell to .about — 44°, when, on the temperature reaching a certain point be- 
 tween — 45° and — 4(i°.r), the mercury fell suddenly to a point in the tube which would bo about 
 equal to — (iO° had the tube been graduated. 
 
 " While in this state, the mercury could be easily tapped down to a lower point in the scale. 
 It appeared to bo very brittle — that is, as the end of it reached the narrow ])assage leading to the 
 bull), small pardeles broke off and found their way through. The stream was not continuous. 
 
 "When the thermouu'ter was left quite si ill, no nuitter how cold the atmosphere was, the 
 mercury never sank lower in the tube than about — W\ 
 
 " When a thaw set in, the first efl'ect was to melt the mercury remaining in the tiibe, which 
 fell into the bulb out of sight, the mercury in the bulb always taking a longer time and a higher 
 temperature before it became fluid. By the observations made, this temperature is about — 1^5°, 
 but l(!ugth of time may affect the actual degree at which the mercury would becouK! fluid. 
 
 " Occasionally, when the mercury assumed the fluid state, the expansion was apparently a 
 sudden action, as the mercury in the tube of the maximum thermometer, lying in nearly a hori- 
 zontal position, was projected along the tube, and registered a much higher temper.iture than 
 that of the atmosphere ; thus, on February SJ2 the maximum thermometer registered a tempera- 
 ture of -\- 5P..5, and on March 30, -f :!°.0, both readings being higher than the actual temperature 
 experienced." During the 24 houi-s j)receding the first of these observations, the weather was 
 stormy, and the thermometer may have been shaken. 
 
'' { 
 
 I;, 
 
 Mr 
 
 Uii'l 
 
 148 
 
 Extreme Difficulty in Writm/. 
 
 [Fcbruurjr, IflM. 
 
 Htandard thermometer, at — 40°, then my thermometer No. does not 
 register when at — 35° low enough by at least 5°, for at lO''" 10'"- a. m. 
 frozen mercury remained solid and fluid mercury froze." 
 
 He now made his own records with great difficulty ; his inkstand 
 occasionally was warmed beneath the fur clothing of one of the 
 Innuits, the pen was constantly warmed by breathing on it, and the 
 ink in his pen breathed upon as frequently. His fingers and thumb 
 he Avanned by a small lamp, which also heated two metal plates* 
 alternately placed underneath the leaf on which he wrote. The ink 
 was obtained from a deposit of icy ink-blocks outside of the igloo ; 
 slices from these were chipped off, crushed, and thawed inside. In 
 detailing this, and speaking of his frequent exercise necessary to keep 
 his blood in motion, he says, that " although apparently warmly 
 dressed in skins from head to foot, (his) vigilance in dancing on the 
 snow floor of the igloo to keep his blood in circulation was the price 
 not only of liberty, but of life itself" 
 
 The supply both of meat and blubber for oil had now become 
 very low, suggesting grave apprehensions of want. The seal-meat 
 was all gone and the walrus-meat nearly devoured. The blubber, so 
 necessary for the lamp-light and for molting snow for their drink, was 
 consumed. The only supplies left were in the reindeer deposits, 
 which, in the severity of the cold, could scarcely be opened ; and their 
 tood-noo, without which the meat was poor food, was also gone. "Oil 
 
 "Hia account of these iiietul plates is of interest: "I have before ine a lamp with two Avieks 
 kept constantly burning. The brass sheets are 10 inches each by 5 ; and while one ia heated the 
 other, which has been made hot, is under the h.'af on which 1 write, warming it ; this, in tuni, 
 keeps my lingers warm and the ink from freezing in the i)en, and dries the writing. Changing the 
 plates after writing on each half a dozen lines, I am able to make up my journals, the thermom- 
 eter at my side showing 42° below the freezing-point. It is a plan of my own." 
 
 [The plates, with the pen, inkstand, and other relics, were at the Arctic exhibit put up for 
 the United States Naval Observatory at the Centennial, 1876. ] 
 
march, 1H0S.\ 
 
 Starvation Driven Off". 
 
 149 
 
 was what, they most needed, not only for their fire-lamps, but for 
 the human stoves^ Ebierbing, however, was now again successful 
 in the capture of a full-grown seal weighing 250 pounds. Hall went 
 down the coast a half mile, and attaching a dog-team to the seal, in 
 fifteen minutes had it in his igloo, and shared it all around with his 
 friends, including Shoo-she-ark-nook. Nuk-cr-zhoo brought in a load of 
 venison from a distant deposit. Plenty came again. February, there- 
 fore, closed with widely-extended moss-wicks on all their fire-lamps, 
 once more aglow ; — with the stomachs, which had nearly collapsed, 
 again filled to repletion. Sorrowful faces and silence then gave way 
 to smiles and to merry voices. 
 
 Within the first few days of March, Shoo-she-ark-nook and his 
 family made their long-talked-of move to a new point north, half way 
 to the Wager River, expecting to catch salmon through the ice and 
 to gather supplies of reindeer from some of their own deposits. The 
 conduct of this Innuit had, for some time past, given uneasiness, 
 small tools and other articles which had disappeared from the passage- 
 ways usually considered safe, having been found in his igloo; besides 
 which, serious apprehensions were renewed that he was again persuad- 
 ing the rest of the natives to desert Hall. On parting, however, he 
 promised to give his assistance on Hall's proposed journey to Repulse 
 Bay ; and, not long after, he sent back to him a very acceptable 
 j)resent of frozen salmon, asking for tobacco, and receiving it cor- 
 dially, together with blubber, medicine, and some food. 
 
 Plall, with Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too, now entered a new igloo, 
 called the "seventh encampment," distant 120 fathoms further south. 
 Tliis was to gratify the superstitious notion that since so few of the 
 people now remained in the village they must abandon all their old 
 
i 
 
 \'J 
 
 150 
 
 Intense Cold. 
 
 [Mnrrh, 186.1. 
 
 if llfi^ -ir 
 
 'T 
 
 H' « 
 
 huts, or failure in the seal and walrus hunt might ensue. The new 
 iffloo, made of coarse-grained blocks, with but little depth of snow for 
 its floor, was particularly cold and uncomfortable, until embankments 
 were thrown up outside and inside. Too-koo-li-too had lined it with 
 the sail and jib of the Sylvia and with ripped-up canvas bags, et 
 cetera — the et cetera being chiefly the petticoat which she had worn 
 when in the United States. 
 
 The 5th day of the month was again one of storm, the gale be- 
 coming almost a hurricane. The storm-wind was cuttingly keen. 
 Hall wrote in his journal, " King Cold, even when severest, is harm- 
 less in a calm; but when he gets the winds of old Boreas and charges 
 them with his mighty power, man turns his face for shelter." Taking 
 the mean of the readings of his "0" thermometer for the previous 
 evening with the three of the day, and applying the correction of 
 adding — 7°, which his experiments with the mercury had prompted 
 him to do, he found the temperature in the gale to be H7° below freez- 
 ing-point. The drift filled the air so that one could see nothing a few 
 fathoms ofl", and yet the sun peered dimly through it the whole 
 day, so that the terrific gale was hugging the earth. Probably a few 
 hundred feet above, all was sunshine. At night the feeble rays of the 
 moon pierced through the swiftly-moving white pall which enshrouded 
 the land. 
 
 When writing his journals now the greatest difiiculty was, not to 
 get the ink but his thoughts to flow. "When mechanical contrivances 
 are to be attended to every few moments, and when King Cold is con- 
 tinually thrusting his stinging needles into the toes and fingers, and 
 finally chills one through and through, it is utterly impossible to think 
 with freedom. While writing, one becomes lost in a labyrinth of stiff- 
 
march, l«0S.l 
 
 Native Mode of Sealing. 
 
 151 
 
 frozen ideas, from which he can escape only by the most violent 
 physical exercise." 
 
 On the Oth, after a protracted and severe struggle with a walrus 
 found sleeping on the drifting- ice, seven miles out, Ebierbing and Nu-ker- 
 zhoo, after freely using their harpoons and lances, at last pierced his neck 
 with a well-directed bullet. Night coming on, the two left their rifles 
 on the ice and returned to their huts. The next day, Hall with three 
 of his friends made their way over the rough sea-ice — a temper-trying 
 field of chaos made up of piled blocks of every conceivable shape, 
 size, and position, fractured and raised by the pressure of the floes 
 upon such ice as had become fixed. They found the creature still fast 
 to the line by which Ebierbing had tied him to a hummock ; but the 
 current, at the last, swept this line under the land-ice, broke it, and 
 took from them their prize. Four flocks of the eider-duck (Anas mollis- 
 sima) were seen, which they estimated contained 1 ,000 each, the males 
 predominating. Hall notes as of interest to naturalists, their winter- 
 ing in very large numbers in waters of such high latitude as the 
 Welcome. 
 
 The customs of the natives in sealing during the winter are detailed 
 as follows : 
 
 When the hunt is prosecuted over seal-holes, no seal is seen by the sealer 
 until he has made fast to it. The locality of the hole is found by a seal-dop only, 
 and the sealer then proceeds to prospect with the long sphidle shank of his 
 oonar, i)iercing the snow until it penetrates the exact spot of the hole which 
 leads up through the sea-ice. Then, with one eye, a sight is taken through this 
 spindle-shank hole, to determine whether it is about the center of the seal-hoUs, 
 as this is the point where the spindle-shank hole must be located. 
 
 When the seal comes to this hole to blow, the listener prepares himself 
 for striking his harpoon vertically through it ; and on the second or third puff 
 
152 
 
 Nu-ker-zhoo's Seal- Watch. 
 
 [march, IN«S. 
 
 
 m 
 
 ■ill 
 
 
 (ir blow of the aiiiiiial, down }j;ot'H a ^troiij; iniiMciilar arm, carryiii}; a haq)ooti into 
 its head, neck, or back. When i he seal divos cair^yng out tlu'! U>nfjtli of the lino 
 attached to the harpoon, the sealer retaininj; firm hold of the other end, removes 
 all the snow from over the hole, draws the seal into it, and drags him out. 
 
 Two such seal hunts now followed. On the 8tl», Nu-ker-zJioo took 
 Hall with him three miles out from the shore to a seal-hole which he 
 had discovered, and about which he had built a snow-wall 5 feet in 
 diameter and 5 feet in height on the north side, but 18 inches only on 
 the south. This was for his protection from the wind while watching. 
 
 Into this hole, at the spot marked on his previous visit, Nu-ker- 
 ehoo I'an a whalebone rod, which, by striking ice, showed that some 
 time had passed since the seal had been there ; drawing out th rod 
 and smelling it, he whispered ^^tepid^^ (stink — huU-seo]). Returning the 
 rod to the same little holv3, he carefully scraped away the snow from 
 around the rod, so as to leave only about 6 inches over the seal-hole. 
 He then drew out the rod and placed the end of the wood-part of his 
 oo-nar directly over the rod-hole. Holding this perpendicular with 
 one hand, he used the other in packing snow around it till he had 
 returned the 10 inches of snow over the seal-hole which he had 
 scraped away. Then the spear-handle was lifted up gently, which 
 left an inch-square hole ; this was to be his mark and guide for his 
 harpoon in striking the seal as soon as he should hear it. He then 
 ran the little rod down through the dome of the seal's house (or as it 
 may be called agloo, for it is really a small snow-hut) to determine the 
 depth of the snow over it ; for it was on this his feet were to rest 
 while watching. 
 
 The next thing was to prepare himself for spending the whole 
 night in perfect silence. He threw down a piece of furred deer-skin 
 
 ; ■ 
 
mnrcb, IMM.J 
 
 Ebwrlm<Js Night- Watch. 
 
 153 
 
 to answer for a cushion and to keep t!.o least noise made by his 
 moves from being communicated to the snow. Then, to keep liis feet 
 warm and close together, he drew over them a short bag of reindeer- 
 skin with the fur inside, and, to prevent still further his making the 
 least noise while sitting, or when he should rise to strike, he tied his 
 legs together just below the knees and his frock-tail close around his 
 body. The last act was to place his oo-nar with harpoon and line, on 
 two pegs carefully stuck into the snow, on his right hand and on the 
 left, just HO far in advance of him that when bending forward he could 
 touch the spear. All Avas now ready for unbroken silence. Whisper- 
 ing back and forward the word " Ter-hou-ee-tifi,^^ (Good-night,) Hall took 
 his leave ; for Nii-ker-zhoo had invited him to be his companion to this 
 point only, since by his now leaving the agloo the seal would suppose 
 that no one was left behind. 
 
 The native, however, failed to secure a captive, and returned at 
 the end of a twenty-four hours' watch only to say " no visit had been 
 made by the seal to his hole during all that time." This had been his 
 second disappointment, for on his last hunt, when he heard the blow 
 and was throwing his harpoon, a mitten fell from his belt on the roof 
 of the agloo, frightening off the wary seal. 
 
 Hall next accompanied Ebierbing to a seal-hole which he had 
 found about three miles off, and over which he now expected to watch 
 during the night. With his knife, Ebierbing cut down into the snow- 
 covering, repeatedly smelling the snow until he satisfied himself that 
 the seal had been there within a short time. He then scraped away 
 the outside snow which was about 5 inches thick, down to the thin, 
 icy crust forming the coating to the seal's breathing-hole. Into this 
 he made a very small cut, but on looking through, he discovered that 
 
154 
 
 llbkrbbiys yiyht- IVakh. 
 
 [inarch, J MIS. 
 
 i^n 
 
 ■M 
 
 CI I I 
 
 ,SI! i. 
 
 TfWJfpWP" 
 
 it wasjibout 4 int'hos on one Hide of the center. Fillinfj;' tliia up cjire- 
 fully with }i Huuill jiicco of snow, lie mmlo another cut, which lie found 
 to he centnil. A Hiiiiill hair from his koo-U-tatu) (outer reindeer-frock) 
 having fallen very near the hole he had made, he at once stoppcKl, 
 and witli the jj^reatest care removed it, remarking to Hall that the Heal 
 
 .■;»^^-iC:^-*i would " smell um quick, and away 
 it go." Then cutting a block of 
 snow an inch square and 8 inches 
 long, he set it up over the last hole, 
 and filled in about it with loose 
 snow, leaving 3 inches of it above 
 the surface for a mark by which to 
 direct his harpoon when the time 
 came to strike. Seated on a single 
 snow-block, with his back to the 
 southwest wind, he tied his clothes 
 about him, as already noted in 
 Nu-ker-zhoo's case, and commenced 
 his weary watch. He did not, 
 however, build a wall around the 
 EBiEnmNG GOING OUT ON 1.18 HUNT. ^^ole, telliug Hall that his own coun- 
 trymen at Cumberland Gulf did not do this for fear of frightening the 
 animal by the noise made in putting it up. Hall left him to his lonely 
 watch, the temperature of the air being — 34°. Joe was as unfor- 
 tunate as Nu-ker-zJioo in having no visit from the seal to his hole ; but 
 he shot one in the open water, yet found it impossible to secure it. 
 
 The Anei'oid indicated, on the 10th, a fall of 4^ tenths of an inch. 
 The wind again blew with almost the force of a hurricane, and one 
 
 ife^^fe-^- 
 
 aiTi"'' »"""«"'"■ 
 
 m 
 
march, INH.1. 
 
 Uvnewfil Apprehensions of Want. 
 
 155 
 
 could Kciirccly see an object at arniH-lenj^t'i tlirojifrh tho drift. The 
 Innults made no attempts to leave their ImtH, and Hall, thoufrh siic- 
 ceedinjj in i^etting his thermometers from the outside of his own, 
 could read them only under its lee. It cost him three severe expos- 
 ures to find them, but seizing one after another ho worked himself 
 back with them on his hands and knees. 
 
 The unsuccessful hunts were tryinj^ to all. Even a fox escaped 
 them, cominj^ unhanned throujifh a pack of the dogs which did no 
 more than stare at it. " Had it been a polar bear or a musk-ox, they 
 would have been all life, vigoi*, and teeth." In the absence of the men, 
 Too-koo-li-too gave chase, but her spear failed to reach the prey. 
 
 The want of blubber for light and heat gave great tineasiness, 
 and provisions were again nearly exhausted, when, on the 14th, Nu-ker- 
 zhods sister, Tuk-too, brought in on a sled from an abandoned igloo 
 a few old reindeer heads and legs, which had been cast aside out of 
 the reach of the dogs for just such a time of want. These were soon 
 made to give up every particle of their life-sustaining substance, 
 whether of putrid brains, the now bitter maiTow, the hard fibers, 
 tougher sinews, or the few remaining patches of skin around the noses 
 and hoofs. To crack the reindeer-bones by an iron tool during the 
 walrus season was against Innuit law, yet Ebierbing ingeniously 
 escaped censure by holding the hatchet only, while Hall struck the 
 bones across its face. 
 
 The times were dark enough. The journal says. 
 
 How cheerless is our igloo! The moss ■wicO- of our lamp, which, when we 
 have our full supply of blubber, gives a contir of flame of 2 feet G inches, is 
 narrowed down to a simple wick point, and makes the gloom more dismal than 
 total darkness. Long and cast down faces are now faintly seen that otherwise 
 
■ .' 
 
 in 
 
 156 
 
 Food and Fuel Benewed. 
 
 [lUarch, IHdS. 
 
 m 
 
 \^ m 
 
 would be veiled from us. Our buta are sa«l, our voices almost busbed ! But 
 away, away, tbou fiend of Despair ! Tbis is no borne for yon. We are tlie cbildren 
 of Hope, Prayer, and Work. God is our fatber, and better times will come. 
 
 Hall had been busily writing letters to the Journal of Commerce, 
 and the New York Herald, and to fiiends at home; but he had to drop 
 the pen for the rifle, to get food. 
 
 On the 16th he hopefully led out his company to the walrus- 
 grounds, with dogs and sledge, across the rugged ice of the Welcome. 
 Too-koo-li-too, as usual, had been up, the first of the party, giving 
 notice there was little wind, and that, from the northeast; and Hall, 
 feeling, he says he knew not why, that before night they would 
 have success in the hunt, took out with him all hands, including Ar- 
 too-a, who, through his own necessities, had returned to the village. 
 They secured one great seal and a large walrus, and made a deposit of 
 them until the following day. 
 
 At 6.45 a. m. of the 17th, in the midst of a furious snow-storm, 
 they started to retrace the path of this hunt over a seemingly end- 
 less extent of hummocks, and by 3.30 p m. were back safe in Hall's 
 igloo. Their sled was demolished, their shins badly scarred, and their 
 temper "nearly about broken into cursing an icy world in general"; 
 but, having now a good supply of food and fuel, Hall wrote '^Heaven 
 he praised!^' He was able, chiefly through Ebierbing's industry and 
 skill, not only to help some of those who had lately left him and were 
 now in want, but to send to Captain Chapel a large piece of the ook- 
 gook, to be divided among the five captains. The temperature was 
 beginning to be less severe, the thermometer rising at midday to 
 10°. Some snow was taken off" from the embankments outside of the 
 igloos. Food, light, and warmth were again within. 
 
 m 
 
narch, 1SU3.I 
 
 Trackivg the Bear. 
 
 1.57 
 
 On the 20tli, Nu-her-shoo left the villag-e for a third visit to the 
 whalers, bearing letters to Captains Chapel and Tyson, with others to 
 be forwarded to Mr. Grinnell and ]\Ir. Brevoort. Two days afterward, 
 a couple of Nu-ker-^hoo's dogs ran back to the village in full harness, 
 their trace-lines appearing to have been cut, as is usual on sighting a 
 ni-noo. At such a time the dogs are put in full chase, and when within 
 a hundred fathoms or so of this game, the driver cuts the trace-line of 
 the leader, and then in a few moments the trace of the next dog, and 
 so on, until all are free from the sledge. The dogs, as their lines are 
 cut, bound away for ni-noo, and soon bring him to bay, when the 
 hunter prepares himself as best he can for his encounter with the 
 ferocious beast. 
 
 In company with Ebierbing, a few days afterward. Hall himself 
 came upon the tracks of a mother bear and cub about half a mile from 
 the coast, and followed them until they were lost in a belt of freshly- 
 broken ice. He notes that the custom of the Innuits on first sighting 
 the tracks of the bear, the musk-ox, or the reindeer, is to feel them, 
 closely placing the fingers here and there on the raised, or, rather, less 
 impressed parts of the snow. In this way the hunter determines how 
 long they have been made, and if they are fresh, he goes in for a 
 vigorous chase. Hall and Ebierbing on their chase could readily 
 discriminate between the leisurely-made steps of the mother and her 
 young, the halt which she made to nurse her cub, and her irregular 
 shuffling gallop when, on scenting a seal, she must have changed her 
 sluggish gait to the quick trot of a polar under full headway. 
 
 During the rest of the month the temperature continued to mod- 
 erate. On the 27th, with a reading of 32°. 5, fur-dresses became 
 uncomfortable; the fall of snow did not exceed five inches, and the 
 walrus and seal were found to be more plentiful in open water. While 
 
i 
 
 158 
 
 A Proposed Sitrrey 
 
 IMarrh, 1805> 
 
 rl- 
 
 .1 
 
 i .*^l 
 
 ifji 
 
 
 
 watching for them, Hall himself was at one time exposed to the most 
 imminent danger of his life by the opening, of the floes. He records 
 in his notes his thanks for preservation and his purpose to exercise 
 greater caution. 
 
 For a number of reasons now forced upon him, he unwillingly came 
 to the conclusion that his anticipations of disappointment in obtaining 
 dogs and provisions for a spring journey toward King William's Land, 
 would be more than contirmed. The season advancing while he was 
 still so far from Repulse Bay, it would be as much as he could accom- 
 plish while making his voyage there, to stand by his boat and stores, 
 his personal protection of which had become clearly an absolute ne- 
 cessity. The dispersion of the Innui(,s seenied to prove that perhaps 
 little reliance could be placed on their help. He therefore began to 
 lay his plans for an early move with his boat to the bay; yet, under 
 the delays even for this, which were plainly before him, he contem- 
 plated a useful work of which he thus speaks : 
 
 I have been thinking that perhaps I can do no better than to survey and 
 chart the west coast line of the Welcome, commencing a few miles to the south- 
 ward of this point, and thence up to Wager Bay ; and then do the same with the 
 Bay. I regret I have not a light theodolite, a very essential instrument for such 
 work as surveying in these parts, when the compass is of no use whatc ^r. At 
 ])resent I see no other way than to do it all with sextant, determining latitudes of 
 the more important points astronomically, and taking solar bearings from one 
 point to another; the intermediate indentations of coast being examined and 
 charted as best I cti. Although this work and very much more around Hudson's 
 Bay needs to be done, and done well, if at all, yet I have not the heart to do it, 
 for it is old ground, an ancient discover}' without survey. Give me the means 
 and I will not only discover the North Pole, but survey all the land I might find 
 between Kane's farthest and it, and have my whole soul in the work. 
 
 His health at this time was far from being strong. He had suffered 
 
 much from the very severe exposures to which he had been subjected, 
 
 and particularly on the day when he had been in imminent danger of 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 -*■■■■ 
 
 •i 
 
 ■i 
 
 ! 
 
 1. 
 
 . 4 
 
 ,iri 
 iji t 
 
March, I86S. 
 
 Revewed Plans. 
 
 16 J) 
 
 his life while out on the ice-floes walrusing with Joe. But his chief 
 ailment was a sharp and severe pain in his left breast, ai-ising- from the 
 strained and unnatural position which he was obliged to take when 
 writing his journals. "Of all the work ever accomplished in the north- 
 ern regions, nothing had done him the one hundredth part of the 
 injury which journalizing did." 
 
 So far as he found it possible under the circumstances to form any- 
 matured plan for his advance, he sketched a rough outline including 
 the points: — that on ari'iving at Repulse Bay he must establish his 
 headquarters and go in with his company of Innuits for reindeer- 
 hunting to lay up a stock of provision for the following winter; that 
 durinj;- the winter (1865-66) he would make a sledge journey to 
 Bootliia Felix and King William's Land, and be on hand for summer 
 work in the latter of these; that he would spend the winter of 1 866-67 
 with the Innuits of Boothia Felix, many of whom really winter near 
 King William's Land: and having completed, as he hoped, all his 
 work, by the summer of 1867 he would be ready for home. 
 
 When writing of this to Chapel, of the Monticello, he said : 
 
 Eeniember thsit 1 purpose to go to that part of the Avorld where one huii- 
 «lre(l and thirty choicely picked men — the very tlower of the English Navy — all 
 ])erished, save three, in one short month or so by eold and starvation. I cannot 
 accomplish what I have undertaken except by the greatest caution. I and my 
 companions may never return, though I do not entertain the thought tliat siu-h an 
 event is probable. There is more to be feared that we may fall by the treachery 
 of the evil disposed portion of the natives than by cold and starvation; but as I 
 shall make deposits of records at Eepidse Bay and at other places, and shall 
 describe how they can be found, if we do perish, the world cati still learn what I 
 have accomplished. 
 
 The necessity for his delay after he should reach Repulse Bay, 
 arose from the fact that it would be entirely too late on his arrival 
 
 
 iJ'?! 
 
los:, 
 
 IGO 
 
 Ou-e-Ia Returns from Depot Island. 
 
 (April, 1863. 
 
 11 ii* 
 
 
 !; 't 
 
 
 lit 
 " 111 
 
 If 
 
 1 
 
 there for any sledge journey. It will be found that his anticipations 
 of any treachery on the part of his companions were far from being 
 realized. He was able to company with them safely through the long 
 delays of five years. 
 
 The movements of the different parties of Innuits toward the 
 Wager were now dictated by their necessity for a change of residence 
 to obtain the supplies which the opening season promised from the 
 capture of salmon and the seal. These movements, as would be ex- 
 pected, were fitful and the journeys generally slow. Hall's entire 
 dependence on them is sufficiently obvious ; and it is satisfactory to 
 find in his journals that any temporary break in the exercise of that 
 mutual good feeling which was to him a necessity, was soon healed. 
 Plis friends, the captains at the islands, had rendered him good assist- 
 ance toward this, by exhorting Ou-e-la on his protracted visit to give 
 on his return better counsels to his people. This he seems to have 
 faithfully done. 
 
 He surprised Hall on the 1st day of the month by coming in 
 upon him in his igloo with his wife and a sled which he had heavily 
 loaded up from a deposit twenty miles down the Welcome. The 
 rough working of this sled over the ice had made him perspire very 
 freely, but he at once called for repeated draughts of water, on 
 Hall's remonstrating against which, Ebierbing said that quart after 
 quart never hurt an Eskimo when perspiring. Ou-e-la brought with 
 much news from Captain Chapel, the luxuries of some ship-bread and 
 half a dozen mince-pies ; he also brought a large-sized neit-yuk, seal 
 (Phoca hispida). Room in the igloos was readily made for the new- 
 comers, whose first meal with their friends was again ruled by Innuit 
 custom. Ou-e-la had eaten venison in the morning ; he could not now 
 
April, ISAS.l 
 
 A Gale. 
 
 161 
 
 eat seal ; his friends had eaten seal, and must be content with more 
 of the same for supper. The next morning's comfort, however, was 
 improved by a sociable breakfast by all hands on boiled salmon. 
 Ebierbing brought in during the day two Arctic D-pound hares, 
 which Hall weighed by balancing them with bullets the weight of 
 which he knew to be fifty-two to the pound. A mutual instruction 
 class seems to have been ben unintentionally formed among the 
 party housed by the gale. Ou-e-la spent much time in confirming 
 what had been previously more than once asserted bj^ his people, that 
 trees were certainly to be seen growing on Shar-too (Prince of Wales 
 Island), and that between Wager River and Boothia a species of soap- 
 stone used in making the native lamps and kettles (the Lapis ollaris) 
 is to be found in abundance. Hall, on his side, gained their attention 
 while correcting their crude ideas of the motions of the sun, moon, 
 and stars; like all other Innuits, they believed that these moved 
 daily around the earth. 
 
 On the 4th, the lowest reading of the thermometer was 57° 
 below freezing-point. A southeast gale, which prevailed from the 
 5th to the 8th, is noted in connection with expressions of sympathy 
 for Franklin's men in the terrible sufierings which they must have 
 endured if in their weak state overtaken bv such a storm on their 
 fated way to Montreal Island. The thermometer during this gale 
 showed a mean temperature of — 18° and a minimum of — 30^. For 
 ten hours, however, two of the natives remained out unflinchingly to 
 bring in reindeer-carcasses at nightfall. 
 
 Hall's igloo was the headquarters for fresh meat. They were all 
 still living on an ook-gook which Ebierbing shot on the 16th of the 
 month previous ; and it is again to be noted that he was the chief 
 S. Ex. 27 11 
 
'III 
 
 162 
 
 The Tides. 
 
 lApril, 1863. 
 
 hi 
 1,, 
 
 V , 
 
 Wi'' 
 
 1^ ;;•;:! 
 
 III 
 
 Imntor for the village. He was the only Inniiit who had as yet shot 
 a seal in the open Avater But Hall knew that he had been accivj- 
 tomed to this for years, and felt satisfied that if Joe kept his health, 
 there need be no fear but that he would secure enough provision to 
 keep eight or ten hearty men in good working condition. 
 
 The full opportunities which now offered themselves for observ- 
 ing the tides in the Welcome, led to the conclusion that their true direc- 
 tion differs from that spoken of by N. West Fox, who explored the strait 
 in 1631, and by other earlier as well as later explorers. The flood- 
 tide was found to set in from the south, while the ebb comes from the 
 north. The Eskimos say that below the Wager, oo-lee-po-ke (flood- 
 tide) comes from the south, and tin-ne-po-ke (ebb-tide) comes from the 
 north ; while above the river the reverse is found. 
 
 The tides in Hudson's Bay, Hall remembered, were admitted to 
 be inconsistent with general rules. He had read that — 
 
 WLen it was discovered that at Ecsolutioii Island, lying at its entrance, the 
 tide was full 30 feet at full and change of moon ; less and less as advance is 
 made Avestward ; only G feet at Cary Swan's Nest, on the south of Southami)ton 
 Island ; but thence to the west side of Hudson Strait higher and higher, and 
 the further an advance is made north, still increasing: — it was (ioncluded that 
 there must be some strait or i)assage connecting the west side of the bay to a 
 western ocean or the South Sea. 
 
 The move toward the Wager and thence to Repulse Bay was now 
 begun. On the 10th, Ou-e-la and his family, with some of Hall's stores, 
 started with a large team toward the Wager River, folloAved by every 
 remaining one of the company except Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too, 
 who still domiciled with Hall. His igloo, which up to this time had 
 been so often crowded by men, women, and children, and dogs, was 
 now left free, giving him the enjo3'ment of some repose for writing. 
 
April, 186S.1 
 
 Hall Moves toward the Wager. 
 
 163 
 
 Ar-mou^s sled had on it his whale-boat presented by the captains of 
 the ships, which was 28 feet in length, with (i feet beam, and 2.} feet 
 depth. Besides this boat, with its oars and rigging, the sled held 
 household utensils and provision; yet the team was made up of but 
 six dogs. Nu-her-zhoo had but two dogs and a puppy for a load usu- 
 ally requiring a team of eight ; but the journey before them prom- 
 ised to be over comparatively smooth and hard snow. Very soon 
 Ar-mou stopped his team and gave each of his dogs a most unmerci- 
 ful thrashing "just to warm them up and prepare them for their hard 
 work." 
 
 Four days after they left him, and while Hall and Ebierbing were 
 in their igloo finishing their own packing, thev heard the cry of dogs, 
 and soon after, the sound of their pattering feet and the music of the 
 sleds gliding over the crisp snow. Unharnessed dogs then came bound- 
 ing into the igloo, seizing whatever had the appearance of meat or skin; 
 hunger had made them fiends, and blows from a club or hatchet that 
 would have killed an ordinary dog were necessary to save what 
 remained of the provender. Their masters, Ou-e-la and Ar-too-a, next 
 appeared, and it was evident that Oii-e-la had brought his companions 
 to a better mind toward Hall, for they joined cordially in loading up 
 the stores and assisting him to start. 
 
 In the afternoon, after journeying over compact snow 14^ miles 
 in a direction north-northwest from the last encampment, Hall came 
 to the new settlement already made by the advanced parties on a lake- 
 let, and was warmly received. By meridian observation of the sun, 
 the latitude of this "eighth encampment" was found to be G4° 55' 
 19" N. On the lake were seen a number of snow-walls, measuring- 
 each nearly two-thirds of a circle of from four to five feet in diameter 
 
104 
 
 Arrival at the River. 
 
 (April, ISeS. 
 
 m «i 
 
 iii: liii 
 
 :E- 
 
 C fiti 
 
 w 
 
 III! :U§ 
 
 and the same in height. The concave sides of these facing south 
 were slieltering the women and "children while fishing for salmon 
 through the openings which the men had cut. 
 
 Ar-too-a^s wife, being seized with a fit, was surrounded by her 
 friends who were about giving her up, when Hall succeeded in restor- 
 ing her by the use of medicine, completing the cure on her second 
 attack. Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too suffered from severe colds 
 which they took during the warm days, on one of which the tempera- 
 ture was as high as 3ii°.5. The freedom from colds among the natives 
 was generally so marked that they attributed what discomfort they 
 had to their having caught colds from the white men on their visit to 
 the ships. On the 24th, Hall's party moved to his ninth igloo, and on 
 the next day the boats were sent forward to gain a position near 
 Wager Eiver. The half-starved dogs were so ferocious as to be almost 
 unmanageable, but their loads were borne forward by the help of a 
 sail, rigged lug-fashion and spread to the southerly winds. They 
 moved rapidly along. On the journey, Too-koo-li-too caught "a whale 
 of a salmon" weighing more than 15 pounds. It was 37J inches long 
 and 20 inches in cii'cumference, a " Jbwa/i" 13 inches long being found 
 within it. 
 
 Traveling again over the hard snow which covered the long 
 narrow lakelets and the small space of land between them, the party 
 made excellent time through this highway between the rocks, which 
 had been long known and frequented by the natives. Five heavily- 
 loaded sleds pushed forward, men, women, and children being har- 
 nessed to each to assist the dogs, and on the 29th the party went into 
 huts on the ice of the Wager, lat. 65° 19' N , long. 88° 40' W. The 
 severely cold, cloudy, and hazy weather had produced snow-blind- 
 ness, with which even Ebierbing had become aifected. 
 
 w 
 
\ ^ 
 
 p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 yj- 
 
 FROM THE WAGER TO FORT HOPE. 
 
 MAY TO SEPTEMBER, 1865. 
 
•i'll 
 
 Is!'' 'Ha- 
 
 liHilfili 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 I 
 
 gill 
 
 t 
 
 'MIM 
 
 M 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 I 
 
 ! :| 
 
 TlIK TIIIUTEENTH ENCAMPMENT MADE UPON THE WaGEU RiVEH— A SUCCESSFUL SEALING SEASON— 
 
 Hall's own piiize — Rejoicings at tiu: fiust success of a youno Innuit— Custosis at 
 TiiK niiiTii of an infant— Movin(( from kong-monos into TU-PiKs— Appeauance of Tin; 
 
 DESKinKl) VILLAGE — AUllOIlA — Joi'ItNEY TO REPULSE UaY— REFRACTION— ENCAJII'M K.N 1 
 ON OOG-LA-RIO-YOUn ISLAND — OU-E-LA'S DEXTERITY IN HUNTING — GAME SECURED— TlP; 
 MAKING OF OOK-GOOK LINES— CLEARING OUT OF THE ICE— APPEARANCE OF THE WlIALEIts 
 
 IN THE Welcome— Refraction— Storm — Treatment of the dogs- The tides— De^IiI 
 OF Shoo-she-ark-nook— Mourning customs— Renewed appearance of whaujrs in 
 Repulse Bay— Capture of a whale by the crews of Hall's boats— ENCAMP^f-Ni 
 NEAR Fort Hope of Dr. Rae — Hall's notes ov the rocks, stones, and sand found on 
 
 THE ice compared WITH PaRRY's OBSERVATIONH. 
 
 At the end of nine weary months Hall had now but reached the 
 place on wliich ho had expected to make his first landing. His 
 encampment was next made on the ice out in the Wager. Its astro- 
 nomical position when recorded, was followed by a note of the accu- 
 rate judgment shown at the time by Ou-e-la and Ar-too-a "in keeping 
 in their mind's eye so approximately the direction of distant points." 
 When separately directing the compass at Hall's request toward Noo- 
 woolc, sixty-two miles distant, they pointed it in lines differing but one 
 degree; and on Hall's applying the correction for declination, he found 
 the bearing nearly agreeing with his own result. 
 
 On the 3d of the month the party witnessed a fine auroral dis- 
 play in the western sky; the color was nearly a medium between 
 
 107 
 
\m 
 
 ^ 
 
 168 
 
 //«//'« Fir.st Cajtture. 
 
 innr, isaa. 
 
 i i 
 
 I 
 
 111 
 
 I. ■! 
 
 
 Mr-/ 
 
 1 il .III' 3:i#^ 
 
 ,3 ', ';■ 
 
 Hilver juid crojini; tlio rays iictivo mid (^limifj^onblo; the hum whh uboiit 
 ono dogroo iibove tlio Wiifjcr's ico liorizon, iiiukiny tlio fleecy (rlouds 
 Idi^^litly aglow. The hour wnH 8.20 p. in. The temperature* for a 
 number of days remained low, the readinys being 37° and even 42° 
 below freezing-point. 
 
 Sealing, however, soon began to prove successful. Nn-hcr-zhoo, 
 with ono stroke, harpooned a mother that had on her buck a pup W foot 
 .'5 inches in length, and on which the hair was beginning to take the 
 l)lace of its white woolly coat. Shortl}' after this, five other seals were 
 taken. Under the guidance of the Innuits, and with the help of his 
 own capital seal-dog Ou-e-Ia, on the ^th. Hall made his own first but 
 valued prize, a ndt-yuh, weighing k!00 pounds. Finding himself 
 among the busy sealers on the ice, he soon heard Nii-ler-zhoo calling 
 him to the seal-hole at which he was; and seating himself on a snow- 
 block over the unseen hole, and there listening intently and scarcely 
 moving a limb for one full hour, at last he heard a softly-breathing 
 noise beneath the snow. Raising himself then cautiously to his feet, 
 which rested on the furred took-too skin, and with his light hand pois- 
 ing his oo-nar over the spot that Nu-ker-zhoo had imprinted in the snow 
 over the seal-hole, witli his full force ho drove the spear vertically 
 down, and instantly found that the blow was a telling one. The coil 
 of the seal-line held in his left hand, began at once to run out; in fact, 
 the whole of it was at first jerked out of his hand. But "quick as a 
 flash," he says : 
 
 I seized it again, lU' 1 would liave lost my prize, as well as the harpoon and 
 line. The sealers far and ueur saw that 1 was fast to a seal, and although I 
 called to Nnlicr-zhoo, '•'■Iciete! Jdete!^' — <!onu^ here! come here! — there was no neces- 
 sity for it, for before I uttered a woid he and all the others were making their way 
 to me. Uad 1 caught a whale, there could not have. been more sm-piised and 
 
 II 
 
illar. IHMA. 
 
 ('on(fnitii/(ili()tis. 
 
 r,d 
 
 liiippy souls tliiin wcto tlicso Ininiits on liiiiliiiK' I was iriilly last to a seal. 
 
 liaii^litcr, liilarit.v, joyous lin^iiiiju: voices alioiiiahil. Almost the last liiiiiiit who 
 
 anivctl to <'(»njfratiiiat(' ino was my }fo<Ml tViciul Ouchi, ac<"om|>aiii('(l by his doj;, 
 
 (lia^';,nii};- a seal which ho, ha<l just 
 
 captured. Last ol'allcame tho yonu;; 
 
 ladies, Tiil-too and .Vo/r-f/fv, v itli do}>s 
 
 aud sled;fe, and a seal whi<'li ^[r-)n<>ii 
 
 had taken a little wliihi bel'oie. All 
 
 this time nobody had seen my seal, 
 
 lor it was Hipping away down in salt 
 
 water beneath the snow and i<'e. of 
 
 Wa^er IMver, still fast to oni^ end of 
 
 my line while I held on to the other. 
 
 Xii-kcrzlKHi, with his iwUnuj (hmj;' 
 
 knife), then <'ut away the snow, two 
 
 feet in depth eovoriuf; the seal-hole, 
 
 and removinj;' still more with my 
 
 spear, he chiseled away the iee-liniufjf 
 
 just above the hole. Soon the seal 
 
 came up to breathe, and then the 
 
 death-blow was yiveu to it by a thrust inniit UAiicooN-nKADs. 
 
 of the spindle of the s])ear directly into the thin skidl. The prize -was diawn 
 
 forth — a larjicr seal than either Ou-c-UCh or Armoi(\. A};ain the air resonndcd 
 
 with slumts and joyous laufihter. 
 
 It was the first case anioii"- thoni of a wliite man's success in liar- 
 pooning. 
 
 The i)arty of fourteen imniediately cut out the liver and a little 
 of the blubber of each seal for their lunch, and carefully sewed up the 
 slits, that none of the blood, so valued for soui), should be lost. They 
 then buried the animals in the snow, to prevent their skins from blis- 
 tering in the sun's rays, and still fin-ther ])rose(!uted the hunt, dragging 
 to their hom-mongs in the evening seven seals, the average weight of 
 which was 200 pounds each. From that date, the living was on seal- 
 meat exclusively for a number of days. It was a fair exchange for 
 
 H 
 
 U 
 
!1* 
 
 170 
 
 The Ktpe-kut-ta 
 
 [mar, i^nn. 
 
 ft .1. 
 
 ■ii 
 
 l! ; 
 
 I t : 
 
 
 "f 
 
 
 tho hoo-muchs (worms picked from the reindeer-carcasses), the soup 
 from which the Iniiuits had been enjoying. They oat these even 
 when tlieir WinJet's bej^in to form. 
 
 For Hall's future success in sealing-, Oii-e-la made him f> Jcipe-kut-ta, 
 a little rod of whalebone, about the size of a conmion knitting-needle, 
 about 30 inches long, and pointed with a small sewing-needle, the other 
 end having a thin string, 2 feet in length, to which is attached a peg. 
 This was for a seal-signal, particularly to be used in windy weather 
 when it is difficult to hear the breathing of the seal, or when the snow- 
 covering of its hole is verj'^ deep. When the animal api)roaches its 
 hole to blow or breathe, it will strike its head or neck against the 
 needle-point and lift the slender and light Jcipe-kut-ta, slackening the 
 string; this is the signal for the huntsman to deal his blow. This nee- 
 dle is used onl} when really necessary ; for if the seal strike its nose 
 or any tender part of its face against the point, it may become 
 alarmed; or if the instrument should happen to chafe against the snow 
 so as to produce a noise, the wary animal will at once become sus- 
 picious and retreat. Sometimes the sealer has an advantage in its use 
 when the seal, almost exhausted, is forced to gain access to the air 
 even at tho expense of its fears. Hall ifterwa- ' used his signal-rod 
 twice, but without any good fortune. 
 
 Before the middle of the month success in the hunt had so in- 
 creased that ten seals were caught on a single day. At this time, as fast 
 as brought in, they were devoured, save the ook-sook (blubber). " It is 
 astonishing, even to me, to see the vast amount of meat that a company 
 of Innuits can ccusume. They can live on little if little is all they 
 have; they do live on a great deal if abundance is obtained." 
 
 Hall relished venison even when nuich tainted, though bread and 
 
inn)', 18U3.I The First Seal Cnuf/ld hi/ a YourKj Innuit. J 71 
 
 coffee were welcome adjuncts. lie 11100,5111 young to. .Iipi)ers, luiir 
 and all except the iinoer-nails, tender and nice as a spring'-cliickcn ; 
 l»ut of his experience, generally, of the effects of old seal and walrus 
 meat, ho says that for days after eating it, his tongue tasted badly, as 
 though it were much fiirred, and that seal-meat alone or seal-meat with 
 blubber is terrible on a white man — excessively constipating. On 
 the Innuits the effect is less serious. Cooked seal-blood when eaten 
 becomes equivalent to the "tappen^^ of the she polar bear, which it 
 prodiices by eating moss preceding hibernation ; indeed, it amounts 
 almost to nn inunovable mechanical obstniction to what nature de- 
 signed should have free way. Walrus-meat affects the system about 
 the same way. Too-koo-li-too believed that the reason the Innuits 
 are so dark-colored is because of their eating so much raw seal-m(iat 
 and blood ; and that the Kinna-patoos., whose country is in the vicinity 
 of Chesterfield Inlet, must be a lighter-skinned people, as they never 
 eat raw seal-meat. Hall remarks, in connection with this, that Imuiit 
 babies when quite young are nearly white. 
 
 The first exploit in seal-catching by a young native is thus 
 detailed : 
 
 The mother of the hoy IvcecJmcIc came to the entrance of our liom-mong, lier 
 whole frame shaking with Joy, while she tokl the news she had just heard, that 
 lier sou liad harpooned and killed a seal in its hole. Then she went from Ay>/h- 
 movg to lonMnong, notifying the womer '; her son was on his Avay back with the 
 prize, and started off with all speed to meet him. I watched every movement 
 closely. As she met him, the dogrs were stopped and the joyous mother embraced 
 her darling successful boy, then stooped and patted the seal as though it were a 
 living pet. She next disengaged the dogs' harness from the draught-line, and 
 started toward her lomnwnff, dragging the seal aiier her, when the women, with 
 their oodloos^ haster^ed to meet her. It was a woman's race. Old Ook-har-loo 
 hobbled along as fast as she could, but was left far behind, and, therefore, she 
 
!1 
 
 'K. 
 
 11 
 i 
 
 j J 
 il 
 
 li: 
 
 III 
 
 II- 
 
 172 
 
 Innuit Customs. 
 
 fMar, 1865. 
 
 il -:i: 
 
 
 
 ^t 
 
 ■I"! 
 
 kei)t ciyiiifj out in her native vernacular for her competitors not to go too fast. 
 Though this old petulant creature's commands are usually obeyed, they were not 
 regarded this time, for the race proved a hot one, though the surroundings Avere 
 nothing but heavy ice, hard snow, and very cold air. As fast as the Avomen came 
 uj) to the seal which the mother was dragging, they fell upon it and slashed away 
 right and left with their oodloos, till the poor defunct was completely haggled into 
 as many pieces as there were hagglers.* Old OoJc-bar-loo, having arrived late, 
 only got a small portion of the seal — the liver, heart, and lights. Too-koo-li-too in 
 the contest succeeded in getting a hind quarter, consisting of meat, blubber, skin, 
 and flipper. Some women got more and others less, though they left what their 
 customs required — the head, neck, fore flippers, and some of theblubber and meat, — 
 for embellishing the igloo where the youthful victor resides. What remained was 
 dragged to the i(;.oo by the joyous mother, and thus ended the public celebration. 
 
 The first seal caught in open water and the first one taken by 
 watching over an ice-hole are occasions for hke demonstrations of joy, 
 in which all usually share, except those who have been afflicted by 
 death in their families during the year. 
 
 The tracks of the reindeer were now frequently seen. p]bierbing 
 failed in securing some bucks through his snow-blindness ; in a few 
 days, however, ho was well, and, with his usual skill, caught two seals, 
 of which he gave pieces to the different families and piled up the rest 
 on the floor of Hall's kom-monff, making it, look like a slaughter-house. 
 
 On the 12th, ( ne of Ar-mou^s wives, who had given birth to a 
 child on the 5th, was now permitted by the Innuit customs to come 
 again from her separate igloo into the family hut ; not, however, by 
 the common passage-way, but, at the decision of Old Mother Ook-bar- 
 
 * HalJ does not give the diraensionB of the seals captured. It may bo of interest to noto the 
 uieasnrenientB given by Captain Lyon in his narrative of a voyage to the suino region. The num- 
 ber of seals daily seen by his olBcers was large, and their boldness made them an easy prey. Four 
 were killed one evening, two of whieh (the Phoca Barhata, or bearded seal,) weighed from eight to 
 nine hundredweight. The length of one from nose to insertion of the tail was 8 feet ; the length 
 of the fore llippiu', 10 inehes; of liind tlipjiitr, 1 foot 3J inches ; the circumference of the belly was 
 7 feet; tlio circumference of the head behind the ears, U feet fi inches; the circumference of the 
 nose, 1 foot 4 inches. 
 
mar. 1S6S.1 
 
 A Sledge Trip. 
 
 173 
 
 loo, by an openings cut for the purpose through the snow-wall. She 
 was now to keep a little skin-bag hung up near her into which she 
 must put a little of her food at each meal, having first put it up to her 
 mouth. This is called laying up food for the infant, although none is 
 given to it. For a year from the birth, the mother must eat neither 
 anything raw nor that which has been wounded in the heart. Hall 
 notes that a birth occurring on a journey occasions no delay ; the In- 
 nuits of this locality differing as to this in a marked degree from those 
 further east. The mother is almost as well as ever an hour after the 
 birth. The new-comer nestles at its birth in its took-too bed (its 
 mother's hood), as naked as when born, and it usually remains without 
 clothing for at least two years. 
 
 It now became very desirable to go down the coast 32 miles 
 southward and bring up the four whale-boats which belonged to Hall 
 and three of the natives, and the stores of the expedition with the 
 medicine-chest and other deposits, in order that an advance might 
 soon be made toward llepulse Ray. A well-known disease, which 
 threatened to sweep off very many of their dogs, having already de- 
 stroyed several, this journey became the more urgent. Accompanied 
 by Ebierbing and five others, with three sledges and twenty dogs, on 
 the ir)th, Ilall crossed the Wager, and, after tracking a bear, ascended 
 the high land to examine the condition of the bay. Two miles down, 
 a heavy black cloud hanging over it extended from shore to shore, 
 showing much ice drifting out with the swift ebb-tide. 
 
 The journey occupied the traveling hours from seven in the morn- 
 ing of the 13th to 10 a. m. of the following day, some time having 
 been given, however, to the hunt of tooJc-ioo. It had become so light 
 at midnight that no stars were visible. Hall feasted in the if/Joo on 
 
: 
 
 
 lili 
 
 
 ''I 
 
 '4 
 
 Ihl 
 
 M:- 
 
 ?f.:ii 
 
 
 174 
 
 The Kom-mongs Falling in. 
 
 (Mny, 1868. 
 
 the head and brains of a deer ; his companions delighted themselves 
 with the worms found under the skin, A severe gale surprising the 
 party after they had lashed their boats on the sleds to return, they 
 halted, and Hall cooked a large quantity of deer-meat and treated the 
 company to so much ho. punch that they began to utter confused sen- 
 tences, and retired at 8 p. m. 
 
 On the 16th, Ou-e-la with much tact pushed forward the heavily- 
 loaded sleds, and, although he lost several dogs, at last brought up the 
 boats on the ice of the Wager, launched them for a sail of two hours 
 on its open water, and then again sledded them over to their latest 
 encampment, reaching it at midnight of the 18th. On their route 
 they had visited Ar-lig-ouk-lig, a })lace which has the appearance, on 
 approaching it from the north or west, of an inverted whale-boat. A 
 ^'tablet" was found here, 50 feet in height and 25 feet in width. The 
 place is considered sacred by the Innuits, who made at this time a 
 deposit there, with an address and a solemn farewell. In a crevice 5 J 
 feet from the ice a lead ball was now placed, marked " Hall, 1865." 
 On the crest of a hill, some distance further on, were found six circles 
 of stones which Ou-e-la said were the remains of the tu-piJiS of Innuits 
 long since dead ; and that here they made their stopping-place when 
 passing from Noo-wook to Oo-koo-ish-ee-lik. 
 
 The rapid advance of the warm season again required a change 
 of residence. The kom-mongs, or half-snow houses, were untenantable 
 by the snow-drippings. When broken down, their remains, mixed up 
 with masses of blubber, broken and uncouth native utensils, and filth, 
 presented a strong contrast to the beautiful arched and solid domes as 
 described by Hall in the previous autumn.* 
 
 'Captain Lyon, in his journal kt'iit during Parry's Bocond voyage, 1821-':i3, says of ii lilie 
 swnv, : " I liad several times in my rambles tlirough the world seen huts wliieli I imagined could 
 
 ; 
 Ii 
 
 
 
 
 i;ii;ii:ili;' 
 
Jiinr, 1863. 
 
 The Warm Season Approaching. 
 
 175 
 
 Nu-kcr-zhoo, on leaving his iffloo, took out, according to custom, 
 all his skulls and bones to the ice some distance off. Ebierbing was 
 snow-blind. He had come in from his deer-hunt looking like a pillar 
 of snow and his dogs like small snow-drifts. He had found Ar-mou\s 
 wife Avandering about in the snow, for she had lost the way to her own 
 fn-pik, and could not as yet enter any other. Despite of his woolen 
 mittens, Hall's own fingers now tingled more with cold than they had 
 done during the whole winter, and the change brought to him a sick- 
 ness ; but, like a number of attacks experienced since his first landing, 
 this was but temporary. He was again cheered by letters from Cap- 
 tain Chapel, brought by two natives who had left the ships on the 10th 
 of April. 
 
 The first five davs in June were in marked contrast with the 
 end of May. The glowing sunsets, which mirrored themselves in the 
 water of the Wager, closed upon hours favorable for observations and 
 for hunting. Hall's boat, the Sylvia, with its stores, was brought 
 across from the south side of the river. By ascertaining with his sex- 
 tant that the ice-foot on the other side, 20 feet in height, subtended an 
 angle of 5', he determined the breadth of the Wager to be two and a 
 half miles. 
 
 The tu-piks had been again set up on an island called Noo-oot-lik, 
 which forms one of the chain lying close along shore of the river. On 
 this many circles and stone monuments were found. On the 5th, tak- 
 
 uot bo equaled in ■wretchedness of iippeariinco ; but I was yot to learn that of all inise-- v 
 places on earth a snow village recently deserted is the most gloomy. The huts, when ' d 
 
 from without, glisten beneath the rays of a, spring suu with a brilliancy which dazzles ai.a ^-ains 
 the eye ; but the contrast Avithiu is therefore the more striking. The roofs melted iuto icicles 
 and coated with smoke ; arches broken and falling from decay ; the snow-seats, Hoors, and parti- 
 tions covered with every kind of liltli and rubbish — bones, broken utensils, and scraps of skins — 
 form altogether the most deplorable picture, while the general air of misery is tenfold aug- 
 mented by the strong glare of ligiit which shoots through tlie hole once occupied by a wiuilow." 
 
176 
 
 Nearing the Bay. 
 
 [June, l8flS. 
 
 i :: 
 
 li ^ .1 
 
 Wt'\ 
 
 ing down the tents, transferrin <^ everything to the boats, and rigidly 
 guarding the provisions from the voracious dogs, the company moved 
 forward under sail, ])assing through a narrow channel of one and a 
 half miles in width, and for some hours resting on a bight, found to be 
 entirely free from ice. The opposite southern shore was hugged by an 
 ice-stream sweeping up and down with the tide. The next resting- 
 place was on an old ice-floe about one mile from land, full of fissures 
 and large bergy pieces, on attempting to round which both Hall's and 
 Ar-mou's boats struck hard, but without serious injury. Hall's own 
 boat, the Sylvia, had been twice nearly destroyed — once by his pilot 
 and wife having both fallen asleep while he himself was napping. 
 Ar-moii's equipment was enlivened by the birth of a litter of puppies. 
 While crossing a break in the floe they saw a remarkable stone, called 
 by the Innuits Ye-ar-yu-lik, 30 feet in perpendicular height, and stand- 
 ing alone about a mile from the coast. Ou-e-la said it could not be 
 ascended. 
 
 On the 8th, a gale, with drifting snow, forced them to seek the 
 shelter of a floe ; but as it was soon broken up, a more secure refuge 
 was hastily sought under the lee of a small island. To Hall's dismay, 
 he found that his A7ard chronometer, which he had sacredly guarded 
 from all jars, had been unwound. Egger's he had wound up. Ward 
 was "dead." 
 
 (.)n the 10th, pulling at the oars for a half hour and then getting 
 under sail, they made four knots an hour, and at 2 p. m. saw the bold 
 and snow-capped mountains of the north side of Sedla (Southamjjton 
 Island.) Nn-lxr-.zlioo's whale-boat, loaded with men, women, children, 
 dogs, and all manner of truck — his sled across the bow — moved lazily 
 along under mainsail and jib. While Shoo-slic-ark-nooKs son was steer- 
 
J ant), 180S.] 
 
 Encionpment on liepuUe Jlaij. 
 
 177 
 
 IXXt IT IVOHY COMIt. 
 
 IXNCIT IIOXK COMK. 
 
 in <^, his father was searching- the boy's head for Tioo-mil;s for his supper. 
 Upon the floe, Ar-fjoo-moo-too-Iik, who, with his family, had come up by 
 land, was discovered not far 
 off, urging forward his dogs. 
 When the tide turned. Hall's 
 party had hard work at the 
 oars, but at midnight of the 
 10th they made their first 
 
 landing on the ice of Repulse Bay. A stream of heavy ice threatened 
 
 to crush the boat, but by great exertions it was hauled u}) on the floe, 
 
 which almost immediately broke up. 
 
 After repeated like severe experiences, 
 
 the twenty-first encampment was made 
 
 on the shores of the bay at midnight 
 
 of the 13th, in lat. 66° 15' N., long. 85° 16' W. Hall thought there 
 
 was a history in this one day. But this bay, from which he was at 
 
 some future time to set out for King William's Land, had now been 
 
 reached. Disheartening it was that the season of that year was too far 
 
 advanced for sledging, and that for the rest of the month ho was to 
 
 make here his home. 
 
 On the 19th he crossed Hura's channel from a landing on the 
 
 island near Cape Frigid. Ou-e-la spoke of a party of Iwillik Innuits, 
 
 including ylr-too-a, SJioo-shc-orl--nook, a,nd Sec-gar (0«-e-/fl's father), who, 
 
 while out walrusing in these waters, were carried oft' on a l)roken floe 
 
 and landed on Sedla. By watching the first opportunity they got 
 
 upon another floe, on which they were carried by the tide to Iwillik 
 
 arriving there in a perishing condition, after eating all their dogs and 
 
 suffering from extreme cold. 
 S. Ex. 21 lii 
 
m I 
 
 Tl' 
 
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 178 
 
 G^awje Plentiful. 
 
 LJunr, 1809. 
 
 While Hall was on Southampton Island he took many observa- 
 tions for the determination of the coast line ; he returned with his 
 party to his twenty-first encampment at 8 p. m. of the 22d. The latter 
 part of the month gave him the opportunity of writing up the journals 
 which he designed to send to the United States by the first whalers 
 that should appear in the bay. He took his share in the frequent 
 hunts opened up by the season. 
 
 Game had steadily inci'eased from the beginning of the moTith. 
 On their sail from the Wager it had been constantly in sight, giving 
 them a number of deer, fourteen partridges, and an ook-gooh shot from 
 Ou-e-lcUs boat; in the middle of the month, when Ar-too-a, See-gar, and 
 Ar-goo-moo-too-Wc, with their three sledges, joined the sailing party on 
 the floe, they reported eleven deer killed on their route; and during 
 the last two weeks of the month, the whole party were in the highest 
 spirits from the very large number of deer, seals, and rabbits that were 
 taken. The young deer were found to have their new horns quite 
 large. The rabbits had now already heralded the approach of sum- 
 mer by changing their white fur for coats of a light brown or slaty 
 hue. As early as the 16th, the first flowers, (the purple saxifrages,) 
 had been seen growing abundantly in patches on the plains. 
 
 Ou-e-Ms hunting was again successful by his great skill in entic- 
 ing and securing his prizes. Approaching the deer, he worked himself 
 along so stealthily from rock to rock as to escape the animal's closest 
 watch, and, although the crows were noisily affrighting the herd, he 
 quickly killed several. Skinning one in seven minutes, he left the 
 meat for one of his wives to bring in ; and approaching a fawn, he art- 
 fully uttered sounds so successfully imitating its doe. that it ran toward 
 him, giving Hall the opportunity of shooting it and of receiving con- 
 
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 gratulations on his return to the tupiks. With the assistance of Ebier- 
 bing's hko tact, Hall wounded a deer, which he endeavored to drive or 
 lead in toward his tent; but when the strap of the marine glass was 
 fastened around its head, the untanjed animal reared, kicked, danced, 
 butted, and cut such wild capers that, within a quarter of a mile of 
 home, they were compelled to knock it on the head. Ebierbing, on a 
 visit with some others to Oog-la-ri-your Island, caught twenty-six seals 
 on the same day. Ou-e-la brought in, besides three deer, several pin- 
 tail ducks, with their eggs which were of a greenish cast, but smaller 
 than those of the eider; — of the size of hen-eggs only. 
 
 On the afternoon of the 26th, from the top of a little hill, Hall 
 observed a remarkable instance of refraction. The mountains of 
 Southampton Island, which are of no great height and their slopes 
 gentle, appeared to be very high and precipitous ; an irregular chain 
 was converted into a huge plateau. A descent of even 5 feet from his 
 position made the mountains appear nearly natural; one of 10 feet 
 entirely so. 
 
 In his excursions he met with two specimens only of iron ore 
 resting on primitive rock. 
 
 On the 1st day of July he moved a short distance to the Island 
 of Oog-la-ri-your, where the larger number of his Innuit friends had 
 already encamped for more conveniently hunting the seal. On remov- 
 ing their tupiks, the blubber which had been saved was stored away in 
 seal-skin '^ drugs" and deposited in a cache for winter use. When 
 making these bags they took off the skin from the animal unbroken 
 except by a small opening about the head, and when this cut was made, 
 a knife was thrust in longitudinally and used freelj^ until the blubber 
 was completely separated from the skin; the fore flipper was jointed. 
 
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 The seal was then worked out by the hole made at the head. If any 
 small rent had been accidentally made, it was carefully sewed up 
 before filling-. 
 
 Just before their removal to Oog-la-ri-yoin*, the natives had been 
 suffering from very severe colds and pains in the chest ; some had 
 entirely lost their voices. Hall's medicines had been in frequent 
 requisition, particularly for the relief of Shoo-she-ark-nook, now saved a 
 second time from dying; but he believed that the improvement in their 
 habits of living which he had induced the natives to make, had yet more 
 to do with his success as a practitioner. His own health was again gen- 
 erally good. On the top of this island of Ooglariyour Avere the 
 remains of the merry Ivit-chuk of Dr. Rae's party, and those of his 
 wife. Ou-e-la told Hall that at one time very many Innuits lived 
 there, but nearly all had died off. 
 
 He was detained at this twenty-second encampment, lat. 66° 19', 
 long. 85° 23', throughout the whole month and until the 7th of 
 August, by the severe illness of Too-koo-li-too from an attack of 
 pneumonia. His notes on one of the days of her illness are : " Her 
 symptoms are of the most ?erious character. She raises blood direct 
 from her lungs. I feel that I have neglected to teach these children 
 of the North their religious duties. Indeed, I feel that I need myself 
 a teacher, and I am brought to know that I need a new heart. O, may 
 I learn from the glorious Bible my duty, and by the help of God per- 
 form it." He much interested her by reading from the scripture his- 
 tory, especially that of Joseph, which story she in turn went over 
 again to her husband. Hannah was still under the influence of super- 
 stition. It required a long and patient reasoning to convince her when 
 sick that she could eat anything which Ou-e-la brought in, for the 
 
J air, 1 863. 
 
 Mode of Cuttirifi up the Onk-gooh. 
 
 181 
 
 natives liad told lier something was wrong at his birth. She was at 
 times persuaded to drink the soup out of which Hall was accustomed 
 to eat some of Ou-e-Ia^s took-too meat. 
 
 The natives were industriously occupied in boat and sledge jour- 
 neys, securing a large amount of game for their subsistence through 
 the coming winter. By the close of the month, the footing up showed 
 twelve seals, nine ook-gooks, thirty-seven deer, and a bear, besides four 
 ducks and thirty-eight eggs. Hall's advice secured this increase, as 
 well as the preservation of the well-dried meat in druffs of oil, in which 
 it would keep sweet and fresh and already " buttered." He witnessed 
 the mode of cutting up ook-gook and preparing from its skin the lines 
 for securing the walrus, as well as for sledge tracings and lashings. 
 From an ook-gook 9 feet in length the skin was cut into strips, and 
 then stretched by block and tackle between the rocks When suffi- 
 ciently dried, the strips were made soft and pliable by rubbing and 
 chewing. The land of civilization, he saj^s, has notlnng equaling 
 these lines in strength and endurance of wear and tear. In the divis- 
 ion made in cutting up the animal, a woman received an equal share 
 with each of the men. The ice on the coast still remaining hummocky, 
 it was very difficult to get a heavy ook-gook u])on the island ; yet, if 
 the carcass was insufficiently covered with snow, ice, or deer-skins, 
 the burning rays of the sun in a few moments destroyed the skin ; or 
 if the bear made its ready visit, it struck its huge claws through the 
 tough coat, completely riddling it and tearing out the meat and 
 blubber. 
 
 On the 22d, Hall visited the whaler Black Eagle, on board of 
 which he had an opportunity of comparing and rating his chronome- 
 ters. 'I'he first whaler of the season had been sighted on the ir)th by 
 
182 
 
 Whalers in Sight 
 
 [Mm\j, 1865. 
 
 I 
 
 Ou-e-Ia, who had instantly harnessed up his dogs and hastened off to 
 inform Hall. On Nu-ker-zhod's coming in to confirm the report, he 
 was directed to bring the longest pole he could find to the top of the 
 island and fasten on it one of the American flags as a signal. At 
 thirty minutes past midnight, with some little difficulty on account of 
 the fog, the vessel was descried a little to the westward of Cape Frigid. 
 The sight was sufficiently exciting and joyous to Hall to keep all 
 sleep from him. He sent Ou-e-la to occupy his own tooh-too bed, while 
 he went again and again to the crest of the island to watch the vessel 
 and the movements of the ice ; and he was very soon able to make 
 out a second visitor traversing the Welcome from east to west, and 
 then returning on the opposite tack. He hoped to find that these 
 were the Antelope and the schooner Helen F., which had been winter- 
 ing at Depot Island and Marble Island ; for he remembered that Cap- 
 tain Chapel had advised him that these vessels, as soon as released 
 from the ice, would cruise for whales in Repulse Bay. He was par- 
 ticularly anxious to discover some lead in the pack through which the 
 Sylvia might be pulled by the strong arms of the Innuits to the ships, 
 as he expected they would have on board a team of dogs for him, the 
 captains having promised to bring all the dogs, which would be of no 
 further use to them after the spring whaling was finished. They had 
 been chiefly useful in sledging the blubber over the floe which lay 
 between the ships and the open water. 
 
 From any attempt to go out to his visitors when first sighted he 
 had been entirely held back by a storm breaking over the island. 
 In describing this, he says : 
 
 Yesterday morning, the sky was overcast and gloomy, the weather looking 
 threatening as if a storm would soon be npon ns ; and, besides, at 10.30 a. m. of 
 
 4 
 
Jnir, I86S.] 
 
 The Storm. 
 
 183 
 
 tlio 14tli, a thick fog, the first of the kind that 1 remember has occurred this 
 season, commenced rising over the open water southward, and by 11 a. m. it was 
 driven hero by a southeast wind, enveloping the ishmd iu it. The succeeding 
 morning,tlie fog was again over the open water and over the ice of Repulse Bay, 
 tlie wind still southeast and south-southeast. From the morning of the l.'3th the 
 barometer began to fall, standing then 30 1^^ inches; it gradually continued fall- 
 ing to Saturday morning, the IGth, from which time to evening it dropped down 
 three-tenths of an inch. In connection with all this, I may mention what some 
 might consider a trifle ; nevertheless it shall have a place here. A small pool or 
 reservoir of fresh water is close by the tupik, mostly on solid rock, but one side of 
 it consists of moss and grass growing over cobblestones. Now, this pool rises 
 and falls quite as regularly as the tide, thougli oidy about one-half as often. 
 During the night the water of this reservoir falls, and from morning to evening 
 it rises. The rise and fall seems to be quite uniform in height one day after 
 another. Last night this water was nearly exhausted. Indeed, when I saw it 
 just before the thunder-storm I was greatly surprised to find it so. This with 
 other indications told unmistakablythat something unusual was about to transpire 
 in nature's elements. At 2.30 a. m. the first thunder-clap that I have ercr heard 
 in the northern regions occurred, the same being preceded by sharp lightning. 
 A little while after, loud thunder pealed forth here, there, everywhere around 
 Eepulse Bay, especially away in the direction of Gibson's Cove, the extreme 
 northwestern part of Repulse Bay, where were such jiiles of heavy black clouds — 
 Heaven's electric batterj- — and such a continuous roar of thunder therefrom that 
 I could not help thinking of the Almighty hand which holds the elements. 
 
 The storm ended at 4.20 a. m. 
 
 Ar-mou told Hall he had seen ou-mer, (lightning,) twice at Ig- 
 loo-lik. His people never knew it to kill an Innuit. To-koo-li-too 
 said in her country it struck red dogs ; so they always killed such when 
 puppies. 
 
 The old woman E-vit-shung gave a specimen of her treatment 
 of her own dogs, which was amusing though severe. She found 
 them one day asleep when tied up to the rocks, as was often neces- 
 sary to prevent their cutting with their teeth into the oil-drugs and 
 meat ; a valuable drug had just been almost entirely ruined. This, 
 
1S4 
 
 Stnnhif) the Thffs. 
 
 IJaIr, IN6.1. 
 
 Ill' 1. 
 
 !;■ !-■ 
 
 ;■ '1 
 
 1' 
 
 liowovor, was not tlio cause of E-vit-shunffs fearful poundiiij:^. When 
 she arrived wliei'e some of the dogs were constantly kept fast to the 
 rocks by long thongs, she stopped and connnenced pelting one of the 
 largest with stones. Every time she made a throw, she s[)oke to the 
 dog as though he could comprehend Iimuit speech. What she did 
 say amounted simply to this : 
 
 " lltMT, you are, old do};, and all the rest of you, sleeping and basking in tlio 
 hot sun's rays all day, and at night wide awake, howling, biuking, and erying, 
 keeping nie an«l all others about from getting any (piiet sleep ; and now, old lel- 
 h)w, I am giving you these stones for pay. As for the rest of you brutes, I will 
 give you some another time." Her throws were of some aeeount so far as this 
 goes. She hit every time, and made the dog ery wofuUy. Each time she jiiekcMl nj) 
 a stone and held it in her hand, the dog watched her closely. Several false-throw 
 motions Mere tirst made by the old woman, and when the dog ceased dodging, out 
 would tly the huge st(aie from her hand, hitting him on the head, nos<', or other 
 l)art8 of the body. I\Iy laughing so heartily was from the business-like manner 
 in wliich the <»ld lady addressed the dog during the severe castigiUion she 
 was administering to it. If E-rifiihmui can whip Innuit dogs a hmg time after 
 they have done their evil work and make them understand just what their chas- 
 tisement is for, then either she has a sui)ernatural ])ower, or the Iiuuiit dogs are 
 intelligent beings, moral agents, so to call them. 
 
 The old woman had been doing better service in the early })art 
 of the day by bringing word to Hall of the hloivhif/ of a whale, which 
 she and her companion in the tupih- had heard. 
 
 Hall says that the dogs are both a blessing and a curse; — almost 
 constantly in mischief, opening seal-blubber drugs, howling all night, 
 andofttimes stealing into tents and abstracting meat, eating harness and 
 walrus-lines. There is no end to the damage these brutes are all the 
 time surreptitiously doing. But, on the other hand, in winter which 
 includes about three-fourths of the year, they are of such value as 
 draught animals, and as bear, nuisk-ox, and seal-dogs, that, with all their 
 
 Iti :lll 
 
AaRBM, INAS.I 
 
 Thr I'jndurnnro of the Ksk'inio I>off. 
 
 185 
 
 depredations, on no consideration could tlie Iiinuits do without tliein. 
 The severity with wliicli tliey treat these friends has been more than 
 once noted. Ar-moii and Oii-c-la heat several of them to death with 
 an oar, and at one time with a hatchet. Their tenacity of life apj)ears 
 
 ICSKI.MO DOG. 
 
 [From a pliotojji'iipli "f Captain Chapel's.] 
 
 plainly in the mid.st of their sufferings when drawing such heavy loads 
 while half famished, and in their endurance of unmerciful poundings. 
 A case is cited, too, in which an animal pierced with several ritie- 
 balls recovered his full strengtli, although sick when sliot. 
 
 On the 6th of this month, scarcely any ice was to be seen in Mid- 
 dleton's Frozen Strait, the Welcome, or Repulse Bay. Hall thought 
 
186 
 
 Death of Shoo-she- ark-nook. 
 
 [Angaal, 1865. 
 
 i: 
 
 ;ii 
 
 I' 
 
 the teitn Frozen Strait a misnomer, being infonned that it is never 
 entirely closed. Refraction was much less marked than any which he 
 had observed for many weeks past. The nights growing dark, he could 
 no longer write up his notes in the tupik at midnight. Mosquitoes, which 
 had first showed themselves July 10, were now filling the air; the 
 number caught in the fresh paint which Nti-ker-zhoo had put upon his 
 boat was beyond compitation. The water-supply was renewed from 
 a pool on the surface of an ice-floe near the island. The pai'ty who 
 procured this could have secured a whale lying a little distance off*, 
 with his back out of the water, if their weapons had been at hand. 
 Two other whales were seen by others the same day. Ou-e-la, who 
 had made an encampment about five miles to the north, for better 
 salmon fishing, was espied by Ar-mou coming down under sail, and 
 on landing proceeded directly to Hall's tupik to inform him of the 
 death of his much-beloved brother, Shoo-she-ark-nook. He received 
 Hall's warmest sympathy, which he well knew he had reason to expect 
 from the experience of a visit during a late serious accident in his 
 family. His eldest son had fractured his skull by a fall upon the 
 rocks among the hummocks, and although Ou-e-la had healed the 
 fracture by applying the powerful suction of his mouth to bring the 
 pieces together, he came to his old friend to tell him of the accident 
 and its effect upon his wife in her peculiar situation. He now brought 
 sad news. 
 
 "Strange customs have these Innuits. Neither Ou-e-la nor his 
 brother Ar-too-a will now smoke, though they both are great smokers. 
 They retain upon their heads the usual covering from morning till 
 night. This covering at any other time, and especially when entering a 
 tiipik^ is thrown back, leaving the head bare. To this head-covering 
 
 \ 
 
 U 
 
 :■ 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 i^ 
 
 '1: 
 
Ansnal, IDO.I. 
 
 Encampment on JIaviland Bay. 
 
 187 
 
 the skin find feathers of a pce-tu-hirk's head were fastened, and a feather 
 of the same water-fowl to each arm, just above the elbow. Ou-c-la 
 and each of the male relatives of Shoo-shc-ark-nook have ta belt 
 around the waist. Then, besides, they constantly wear mittens. On 
 offering" Ou-c-la some coffee, bread, and venison, he declined takinjj 
 any, because ho must have food cooked for himself separate from 
 others during the terai of mourning." 
 
 On the 7th, Hall with his party removed to the west side of Ilavi- 
 land Bay, making the passage in a rain-storm in just five hoars — 2 J to 
 'ii knots per hour — on a northwest course across the mouth of \]\e bay. 
 The storm had begun from the southeast on the night previous to vheir 
 setting out from the twenty-second encampment ; but the weather clear- 
 ing during the day, the party had embarked on four boats; the Sylvia 
 and the Lady Franklin, with the boats of Ou-e-la and Nu-her-zhoo. All 
 were well laden with drugs of seal-blubber, sledges, dogs, men, women, 
 and children, and the usual Innuit chattels. A breeze from the north- 
 east favored them on a part of the voyage, but torrents of rain fell, 
 and the greatest care was taken by all the party of Too-koo- 
 li-too, who had been so long an invalid. The landing was made with 
 ease at low tide, but to find a suitable place for the tupilis was diffi- 
 cult, as the rocks were everywhere dished, had pools in every excava- 
 tion, and were sending down streams of water in every direction. The 
 Innuits who had preceded Hall in removing from Oo-glari-your Island 
 occupying the only available dry spot, he was obliged to take the most 
 convenient one above high-water mark. At midnight the tupiks were 
 completed, and the party comfortably housed at this new encampment, 
 hit. QQ"" 31' N., long. 85° 50' W. 
 
188 
 
 A Womau An qc-ko (Jursfion'nff/ ^\S'nhicif." lAwfii.i. isea. 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 mW 
 
 : 1 
 
 
 " -'f 
 
 «^ 
 
 
 In the interval ot" ii clear sky on their journey, two vosselH had 
 been again sifj^hted at a di.stanc'o to the Honthward; but indihtinctly 
 through the mist. Not evt^n their masts would have been above the 
 horizon, if refraction liad not brought thenj uj» and their dujjlicates 
 also; each vessel, from the water-line aljout it to the truck being 
 matched by its complete image inverted, hulk to hulk, and all sus- 
 pended in the clouds above the sea horizon. The day following, the 
 two ships, the lilack Eagle and the Ansel Gibbs, again appeared, 
 beating up Repulse Bay. They anchored near an island to the south- 
 west. Ebierbing and Ou-e-la had volunteered at a late hour of the 
 night previous to go out to these ships in the offing. The wind fresh- 
 ening to a gale, Ou-e-la, more cautious than Ebierbing, soon returned; 
 but the latter, after causing Hall nmch anxiety for many hours, still 
 remained out of sight. As he had with him in the Sylvia Nu-her- 
 zhoo, ()un(/-oo-choo, and Tuk-too, their old mother, E-vit-shmig who felt 
 that all her earthl)' treasures were in danger, invested herself with the 
 office of an an-ge-ko; and after liaving by the dawn of day satisfied 
 herself by the answers of " Sidney," that although the Sylvia could 
 not reach the ships, it would come back safe, she had relieved the 
 minds of the other Innuits. In her comnuining with the spirit, she 
 had been throwing her left hand continually around, giving a twisting 
 motion to the thong wliich she had tied to a heavy stone, and 
 "Sidney's" answers had come to her by his increasing or diminishing 
 the weight of this stone. When the party returned, they reported that 
 they had made a landing until the storm subsided, and having their 
 fire-arms with them had made a successful took-too hunt. 
 
 Before their arrival several boats' crews put off from the ships to 
 visit Hall, for whom they had beea looking when passing Oo-gla-ri- 
 
«■■■■!, IN«S. 
 
 A Vifiit from the Black Einjle. 
 
 181) 
 
 your Island. Ho records with much feeling the emotions wliicli ho 
 experienced when the mate of the lihick Eajrlo leaped ashore from 
 the first boat and hailed him with the news, " 'I'he war is ended ! ))Ut 
 our ['resident is assassinated." *' This thunderbolt transfixed me to 
 the spot ; that the war was ended was what I liad fondly anticipated 
 I would learn ; but who of my worthy countrymen would be pre- 
 j)ared for such news — ' Our l*resident is assassinated.' " This with 
 many other items of an interest fully to be appreciated by one so lonj^ 
 shut out from the civilized world, was afterward plac;ed in full before 
 him in the files of New York and Boston papers which had been 
 received by the whalers from the Daniel Webster at Marble Island. 
 
 The best feeling continued to jjrevail between Hall and the cap- 
 tains of the two whalers during their stay. On his visits to their ships, 
 he informed them of the places in which a number of bla(!k whales 
 had been seen fcy himself and by the Innuits, who had also seen 
 many white whales (^Delphimis AlMcans), which were small. As to the 
 color of these, the natives said that it was tlie young ones but two or 
 three years old which retain the walrus or brown hue ; the old ones 
 (kil-lee-lu-yers) are white. He regretted that the other whalers did 
 not come up into the bay to share in the partial success of the Ansel 
 Gibbs and the Black Eagle. Being informed on the 20th that they 
 did not design to winter here and thought it best not to risk any fur- 
 ther detention, he spent a whole night on board one of the ships writ- 
 ing up his journals and dispatches to friends at home. 
 
 The letters of Captain Kilmer written at this time show his deep 
 interest in the friend whom he was leaving, and gave practical proof 
 of it by advising him of a deposit of provisions and stores made for 
 him on shore. Hall notes Ou-e-la^s honesty in keeping for him a num- 
 
1^ 
 
 190 
 
 IlaWs Crew Capture a Whale. 
 
 TAagnsI, 186S. 
 
 II: 
 
 
 ber of small articles also entrusted to his care by the captain ; he had 
 stimulated the natives to secure for the snips as many deer as possi- 
 ble. The two vessels left the bay on the 21st. Their crews had 
 secured a number of whales — eight on the 15th and 16th — the oil and 
 
 bono of which Hall estimated to be worth $25,000. 
 
 
 'i 
 
 m 
 
 The first opportunity now offered itself for the successful issue of 
 one of the important elements in the original plan presented to the 
 friends of the expedition in New York in 1862 — the capture of Avhales 
 which would repay in part the advances made for the outfit. After a 
 number of cruises in the boats without being able to come quite 
 within striking distance, on the 30th he was congratulated by all his 
 Innuit friends for the success of the day. With his party of men and 
 boys he left the tupiks at 4 a. m., to hunt a whaie which had been for 
 some time previous blowing around. The Sylvia and the Lady 
 Franklin gave swift chase to the westward, but, after an hour's 
 cruise, during which the whale made several risings, they were un- 
 able to get close enough, although they came almost upon it when 
 rowing from an opposite direction around an islet A second whnlo 
 was, however, almost immediately seen half a mile to the south- 
 west, when the sails were quickly set and paddles and oars vigor- 
 ously plied by the crews of both boats, ** each of which ran down 
 the leg of a V, the whale at its joining point." Ou-e-la, from the 
 bow of the Lady Franklin which reached the goal a few seconds 
 before the Sylvia, threw a whale's harpoon to which was attached a 
 line of 20 fathoms, having at its end two drugs (floats). One of these 
 was the forward part of an ook-gook skin, the covering of the h- \d 
 and flippers being as entire as when upon the living animal, with the 
 
 , i:, 
 
Aagast, 18«5.] 
 
 The Whale Cached. 
 
 191 
 
 exception of the transverse seam ; the other was the entire skin of a 
 neit-yuk. Both were filled with air compressed by the stout lungs of 
 an Innuit. Their double objec'- Avas to indicate where the whale was 
 and to tire it down. When Ou-e-Ms iron struck into the back of the 
 whale, it gave one slap of its flukes and went below the white seeth- 
 ing waters, at first disappointing Hall, who thought it was now lost. 
 He had furnished Ou-e-la on setting out with a full length of line, and 
 was not acquainted with this Innuit use of floats.* But while the 
 boats lay to, watching for a re-appearance, the drugs were seen far out 
 in the bay flying over the waters, though with decreasing speed, and on 
 the whale's again coming up to blow, it received a harpoon from iV«- 
 ker-zhoo at the bow of the Sylvia, and Ou-e-la's iron drew. The whale 
 again turned flukes for soundings, taking out with him half of the Syl- 
 via's whale-line ; it then immediately struck seaward, dragging the 
 boat through the water with great speed. On its coming up and blow- 
 ing, Ou-e-la lanced it from the Lady Franklin. It died within one 
 hour from the first attack. 
 
 The anchor was dropped from the Sylvia, the corners of the whale's 
 flukes were cut ofl^, its mouth tied up, and the fins taken one into each 
 boat. The towing of the animal to a floe was made with slow progress 
 against head tide, but at 1 p. m. the prize was taken into a small cove 
 near the tupiks. Hall had breakfasted on raw muk-tuk as soon as the 
 whale was killed. The Innuits, though equally fond of the skin, 
 could not join him, because they had already eaten took-too; in obe- 
 
 * Captain Ross, in his Narrative (1818), describes the native harpooning wituesseil by biui 
 in the Greenland Seas: " The harpoon has a barb about 3 inches long, and a line attached to it of 
 about 5 fathoDis in length, the other end of which is fastened to a buoy of a seal's skin nindo iitto a 
 bag and iuHated. The blade is fixed on the end of a shaft in such a manner that it may bo disen- 
 gaged from the handle after it is fixed in the animal, and the shaft is then pulled back by a lino 
 tied to it for the purpose. When the animal is struck, ho carries down with him the scal-skiu 
 buoy, which fatigues him. As ho must come up to respire, he is followed up and killed by spears." 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 IP 
 
 192 
 
 Winter Quarters Made at liae\s Fort Hojw. (i*«-pt*mb«r, ises. 
 
 dience to a like superstitious idea, three days must elaps6 after the 
 capture of the wliale before any work couhl be done. On the day 
 following, the carcass was cut up and cached amid scenes of feasting. 
 Fifteen hundred pounds of the bone, designed by Hall for the benefit 
 of his expedition, were securely de})Osited to be available on the return 
 of the whalers to the bay in the following fall. 
 
 The amount of game secured during the month was very small. 
 The Innuits thought that the deer had been frightened off by the 
 smell of the trying out (boiling the oil from) the blubber on the 
 whalers before they sailed. 
 
 A much greater amoimt of rain had fallen than Hall had expe- 
 rienced at any like period during his first expedition. The natives 
 said that it was very unusual, accounting for it by the fact that during 
 the winter there had been little snow, and but few fogs in the spring, 
 and that these heavy and continuous showers were now making up the 
 deficiency in moisture. 
 
 The general movement of the ice under the influence of the tides, 
 winds, and currents, was from Frozen Strait and Hurd's Channel up 
 Renulse Bay, and thence south and out through the Welcome. At 
 times the bay itself was entirely filled with ice ; sometimes the straits 
 were blocked ; occasionally both the bay and its entrances were free. 
 
 iff 
 
 
 m 
 
 i '• i 
 
 i 
 
 
 ; 't. 
 
 On the 4th of September, Hall made his twenty-sixth encamp- 
 ment, on the banks of North Pole River, near the Fort Hope of Dr. 
 Rae. This was to be his winter quartei's, in which he would prepare 
 for his sledge journey next season to the west. From this point, also, 
 he would make a survey of the bay, his observations of the coast line 
 already made having satisfied him that an im})rovement of the charts 
 
Heptenb«r, I86S. 
 
 Bocks and Dihris on the Ice. 
 
 193 
 
 could be made for the whalers. Steadfast in the purpose to succeed in 
 the several objects of his voyage, he had declined to accept offers from 
 the whalers of a passage home. When he now set up his ta-plli the 
 glories of a beautiful sunset were changing the Arctic hues of the 
 landscape into tropical warm coloring, and filling the grayish, cool 
 atmosphere with an unnatural brilliancy. 
 
 HALL'S NOTES ON FINDING ROCKS AND DEBRIS ON 
 
 THE ICE. 
 The journal of the 25th of July contains the following items of 
 
 interest to the scientist : 
 
 This evening I have taken a walk among the grounded bergy pieces of ice 
 that are near the west side of this island, and also on to the heavy masses of ice 
 that are high and dry on the rocks on the northwest side. Spring-tides at tliis 
 season of the year open a book that any Arctic traveler delights to read and 
 stndy. The special part of this boolv of nature that 1 am at present reading, relates 
 to stones, I'ocks, and sand found on the ice. The question among Arctic navigators 
 lias been, " How came these here?" Parry, when on his second voyage for the 
 discovery of the Northwest Passage, met with nnich ice in the neighborhood of 
 Southampton Island, on the surface of which he saw a surprising quantity of 
 stone, sand, shells, and weed; and respecting these ho makes the following re- 
 marks in his Xfivrativc of said voyage, pages 32 and 33. 
 
 "While on this subject, I may offer a few remarks respecting the stone, 
 sard, shells, and weed found upon the siu-face of all ice in this neighborhood. 
 The quantity in which these substances have occurred was really surprising, and 
 puzzled us extremely to account for the manner iu which they found then' way 
 upon the floe. This circumstance has been generally explained by simply at- 
 tributing it to the whole floe having been in immediate contact with the land, 
 enabling the streams to wash, or the winds to blow these substances into the sit- 
 uation in which they are found, in the same manner as they are deposited on 
 bergs found on the shore. But to those who have been eye-witnesses of the fact 
 to the extent in which it here occurred, this mode of explaining it, however plausi- 
 ble at first sight, is by no means satisfactoxy ; for masses of rock, not less than a 
 hundred pounds in weight, are sometimes observed in the middlo of a floe meas- 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -13 
 
194 
 
 Rochs and Debris on the Ice. 
 
 i 
 
 li' I 
 
 urins half a mile or more each way, and of which the whole surface is more or 
 less covered with smaller stoues, »and, and shells. To supi)osc the wind strong 
 enough to blow these substances such a distance would be absurd ; nor is the 
 supposition of their having been washed there scarcely more probable, for as a 
 floe ot ice must float considerably above the surface of the sea, it is not easy to 
 conceive how it can be overflowed, and much less how heavy stones can be car- 
 ried lialf a mile along it. It has been suggested that the floe may be held down 
 by its firm cementation to the shore while the water from the land above it 
 rushes iu a torrent along its upper surface. This, however, is contrary to expe- 
 rience, which shows that long before the streams on the land are sufficient to 
 effect this, the ice next the shore is completely thawed and detached from the 
 beach, and, therefore, at liberty to float in the natural way. The only explana- 
 tion of this fact that I can suggest is, that, as it is generally found to be the case 
 to the greatest extent upon the 'hummocky' floes, the substances may have been 
 deposited upon each mass of ice when separate, and eventuallj'^ brought into the 
 middle of a large floe by the process detailed abovr. This explanation, how- 
 ever, goes but a little way toward clearing up the difficulty ; for, besides the 
 necessity of supposing, in this case, that each mass of ice has in its turn been 
 brought into close contact with the shore, we have never seen an instance iu any 
 bay or harbor where ice so brought, even under the most favorable circum- 
 stances, has received any such deposit. In whatever manner it may be eftected, 
 it is certain that these substances act an essential part in the dissolution of the 
 ice, as even the smallest stone or collection of sand may always be observed to 
 have formed a pool of water around it in consequence of the radiation of heat 
 from its surface." 
 
 It will be seen nearly at the commencement of these remarks of Parry, that 
 he says : "The quantity in which these substances have occurred was really sur- 
 prising, and puzzled us extremely to account for the manner in which they found 
 their way upon the floes." The same subject has puzzled many a man, but I am 
 confident the fact is as follows: The stones, sand, shells, and weeds are not 
 deposited upon the surface of the ice; they simply are seen or appear there, as 
 tlie ice evaporates or wastes away, which it eventually does more rapidly, of 
 course, as warm weather comes on. These stones and other substances are picked 
 up from the bottoiij of shallow waters by the ice resting awhile tipou them and 
 becoming cemented to them by the fingers of King Cold during low tide; and 
 when tlie flood makes, up goes ice with its ponderous pickings. But, to begin at 
 
 lli ill 
 
Rocks and DSbris on the Ice. 
 
 195 
 
 the beginning, cold weather comes on ; the waters become cold, and, growing colder 
 as winter advances, ice forms; tbe tides all tbe time never forgetting their regu- 
 lar order of flood and ebb. As the spring tides come on, during their ebb, in many 
 shallow parts of L idson's Bay, sheets of ice re»c upon rocks, stones, shells, and 
 weeds. These sheets of ice, as they lie, send down showers upon the already 
 moist bottom, all of which conglaciate at once into a solid uuss by the piercing, 
 pinching cold of the north. Kocks and stones, shells and weed, sheets of ice, 
 and what was tiickling water become one solid body. The tide now floods and 
 lifts the floe, having on its nether surface a ponderous load of earthy matter. 
 Before another ebb, King Cold has succeeded in adding several inches of ice under- 
 neath the structure of rocks, stones, land, shells, and weeds, which are now com- 
 pletely enveloped in crystal. Ebb and flood succeed each other, and as often add 
 a stone or other foreign matter, and then another stratum of ice to the floe or 
 smaller pieces of ice that during certain intervals are afloat or aground. 
 
 I will now proceed to give some proof of all this I have stated. Three winters 
 I have spent in the northern regions, two of them in the locality of Frobisher Bay. 
 Many times have I seen in the springs succeeding these winters, stones, sand, 
 shells, and weeds on the top of bay-ice, or such ice as had been formed on shallow 
 waters. As warm weather advanced and the ice wasted away, more and more 
 of these substances would appear. My attention was more particularly directed 
 to this subject during my search on my voyage of 1860-'C2 for one of the relics of 
 Frobisher in the Countess of Warwick's Sound, on the north side of Frobisher 
 Bay. The natives had told me where one of their people had thrown an anvil, 
 some five years before, from a rock by the bold shore of Oo-pung-ne-wiug Island into 
 the sea. They were (juito sure I could find this relic on the disruption and drift- 
 ing away of the ice in the summer, providing I would be at the above-named 
 island at some low spring-tide. Corresponding to their advice, I visited the 
 island in the summer of 18G2, and at low tide the rock bottom all about the place 
 indicated from whence the anvil had been thrown, was just above water; but no 
 anvil could be found ; indeed, not a loose stone was thereabout. The shore-ice 
 had licked u]) everything movable, not leaving even so valuable a relic as the 
 one sought, three centuries old. The manner in which this relic was lost to the 
 world any one can judge on reading what I have now written. The shore-ice 
 having enveloped the anvil in its crystal walls during the winter season, on its 
 being free from laud in the succeeding summer, drifted away with what would 
 have been to me a valuable treasure. Had that piece of shore-ice been seen by 
 
196 
 
 Rocks and Bdhris on the Ice. 
 
 li': 
 
 
 
 some one at some particular time afterward, while it was wasting away, driltiug 
 aud stragfiliiig about, no doubt but tJie anvil wovdd have appeared as though 
 deposited on it. 
 
 I conic now down to the present time, to what can now be seen on and 
 near the shore of this island. The present spring-tides have opened a rich 
 lield for study. They have by their \\onderl'ul action shown me how qtii(tkly 
 they can transform the "thrice-ribbed ice" into dancing sparkhng waters; how 
 qiuckly th.ey can tear away and destroy mountaia barriers of ice, gi\ing free 
 waters for ships to sail in. These spiing-tides have just been ripping uj) huge 
 masses of ice lining the shores, and such ice as the winter's cold formed over the 
 shallow waters near to the island on its western side. Could Parry and others 
 who were puzzled extremely to account for the manner in which stones, sand, 
 shells, and weed found their way upon the floe, but have seen what I have wit- 
 nessed this evening, they would no longer have had any question about the 
 nuitter. There is one mass of ice lying within a couple of stone-throws of my 
 tujnl; which is some G feet in thickness and ."50 by 100 feet square. The ebbing 
 tide has left one corner of this resting on another piece equally thick, which lies 
 du-ectlv fl;it on the rocky bottom that is now bare from low tide. The position of 
 this piece of ice, with its corner thus restiug on another piece, is on an incline, 
 showing its top, sides, aud bottom mosL favorably. The whole mass consists of 
 strata of stones, ocks, and sand and ice, the strata running i)arallel with the top 
 and bottom of thi& fi'oztn masss. From the top of this piece, stones are i)eeriug 
 out. Kear one end is a rock of 150 ])ounds weight, or more, nearly denuded of ice. 
 As can be seen at the .sidt s and ends, irregular thicknesses of layers of stones and 
 sand occur. The upper i)art of this ice is much freer of those substances than 
 the lower half. Comparatively, hut few stones and small collections of sand are 
 in the upper portion, while the beds below consist of an astonishing quantity. 
 Indeed, the bottom is a stratum of nothing but rocks, stone, and sand that arc 
 glued together by invisible ice. Just above this bottom layer is a sheet of six 
 inches in thickness of sea-ice, and then a little higher up, conies another layer of 
 rocks, stones, and sand, following which is clear Ice again, I should judge that 
 at least two or three tons of earthy matter is frozen into that one piece of ice that 
 I have just described. l>ut this piece of ice is only one of the many that are now 
 to be seen lying around on the rocks left bare by the ebb-tide. Some have only 
 a few stones upon and in them. This feature is, however, plainly to be seen in 
 nearly all, that the stones and ice are in strata. During the day much ice has 
 
Rocks and Bthris on the Ice. 
 
 \n 
 
 been drifting along by this island, and every now and then pieces of ice bore npon 
 their surface stones and rocks fully exposed. As the waves lifted tlieni uj), rock- 
 ing theiu to and fro, exposing one side or one end of each of these, strata of stones 
 were to b." seen. These masses of ice had been disengaged from a belt of hum- 
 nuicky tloe that was a part of the lixed ice during the past winter in Haviland 
 Bay. IIow these masses of ice charged with earthy matter get into the midst of 
 a lixed floe overlying deep water is easily accounted for. A cold summer per- 
 haps succeeds the winter, and before this ice is dissolved, another winter sets 
 in and fastens it firmly in the midst of a new floe, or surrounds it with old hum- 
 raocky ice; all of which becomes comented together by the advancing cold, freez- 
 ing weather. * * * 
 
 I must notice here what Parry says relative to the comparative times of 
 the dissolution of the shore-ice and water rushing in torrents) from the land 
 in these northern regions : " It has been suggested that the floe may be held 
 dowu by its firm cementation to the shore while the water from the land above 
 it rushes in a torrent along its upper surface. This, however, is contrary to ex- 
 perience, which shows that long before the streams on the land are sutticieut to 
 eft'ect this, the ice next the shore is completely thawed and detached from the 
 beach, and, therefore, at liberty to float in the natural way." 
 
 If I understand Parry rightly he means this : that, from his experience, 
 long before the snows on the land of this northern country melt — causing streams, 
 some of which rush in torrents — the ice next the shore completely thaws and 
 becomes detached from the beach. 
 
 Now, my experience is directly the reverse of this; that is to say, from 
 what I have seen, long before the ice next the shore thaws and becomes detached 
 from the beach, the snows on the land melt, causing streams — indeed, some, 
 rivers — some of these streams and rivers rushing torrent-like down the mountain- 
 sides and thence over the ice belting the shore, and over the ice covering the 
 waters of many bays, coves, and inlets. At the present time, wherever I look, the 
 land is almost completely denuded of snow, and has been so for weeks, while the 
 shores of the mainland and of the islands are in many places still belted with the 
 " ice-foot," as Dr. Kane termed the ice next the land. 
 
 Until now, Eepulse Bay has been covered over, mostly with its fixed ice of 
 last winter's formation, and this while many of the rushing torrents have long 
 since dried up, their source — the melting snows — having disappeared. Wherever 
 these streams run for a considerable time over the fixed floes, they cut their way — 
 
"If 
 
 "Tv 
 
 ■ 'i^'PfP-liilT 
 
 i^ 
 
 198 
 
 Rocks and Debris on the Ice. 
 
 l' 
 
 a camil — coiiii)lfctely tlirougii. Often in passing over the ice have I been checked 
 in my course from meeting tJiese winding, river-like channels in the ice, being un- 
 able to lea[) thorn, and obliged to make to the maiidand that I might renew my 
 course again. It is truly a wonder to me that PaiTy's experience was such as he 
 has recorded. From what I have just written, no one mil suppose that I wish to 
 make torrents an«l more quiet streams from the land the means by which stones, 
 sand, and shells, and weeds get upon or into the ice-lloe, though I may say that 
 occasionally such is the fiuit. 
 
 B mi: 
 
 i;.i i' :. 
 
p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 yji' 
 
 A SECOND WINTER LIFE— PREPARATIONS FOR THE 
 FIRST SLEDGE JOURNEY ^rO KING WILLIAM'S LAND. 
 
 SEPTEMBER, 11165. TO APIUL, 1«GG. 
 
'!'■ r 
 
C n A P T E 11 V 1 T . 
 
 Plans fok a hi.kdok jouhnky in tiik srniNCi — Sepauation fuom tiik Innitits— Kiiikiuiing, 
 
 TOO-KOO-M-TOO, AND AU-MOU's FAMILY ItKMAIN WITH HaI.I,— lIlM INTKltKST IN TIU: DICEIl- 
 
 iiUNT.s— Daxokk to lii'e ExrKHiENCKD— An auijoua dksihiuei) uy Hau, a8 seen rilOM 
 
 Ills IIED on TIIF hocks — LaKGE NUMHEn OF DEEU SLAIN— HaI-L'S UEINDEEU Dlil'OSITS — 
 
 Seveke gale— Too-Koo-Li-roo's hememhisance of the Hiiooklyn ladies wisiiino heu 
 
 TO DKESS LIKE CIVILIZED PEOPLE — KXPOSUHES ON VISITING THE DEPOSITS — FaILCHE TO 
 
 CATCH SALMON— Hall's daily siusistence- He prf.pakes skin gahments— Removal to 
 Now-YAiiN— News of the duowxing of Au-too-a — Feasts and asiusemests at Xow- 
 YAiiN — Visit to Oo-ula-ki-y^ouk Island — Tuouhles with the natives— Reconcilia- 
 tion AND encouragements- Temperatuise of the winter months — Frequent au- 
 roras — Readiness for a li-ORWARo move to King William's Land. 
 
 The experience of the first Arctic year has been detailed, and its 
 journals have given an insight into the daily life to which one avus 
 necessai'ily subjected who looked forward to the accomplishment of a 
 " mission " through assistance furnished by the Eskimos. The details 
 of a second winter life among the same people would not be profitably 
 presented in the cases in which almost identically like experiences were 
 passed through. This chapter, therefore, will offer but the thread of 
 Hall's occupations during this ])eriod, with a recital of such occur- 
 rences as were new to him from his changed location, partial isolation 
 from the larger number of his Innuit friends, and necessary self- 
 dependence for subsistence and for a preparation to renew his advance 
 
 mtnk 
 
202 
 
 JlnU Ifurithiff flir Jhcr. 
 
 INrplrmbrr, INfl.1. 
 
 wm 
 
 toward Kiii;^ VVilliiim'H Liiiid. His phiiiH for tho iioxt yoar Involved 
 the Hecuring of the coiitinuod friendHhip of the IniiiiitH, uiul the Htor- 
 iiiff of Hiifticient ])rc visions for n long sledge joiwney, as well a.s for 
 maintaining life through the approaching winter. 
 
 The larger ])art of the tribe now located themselves in placM^s at 
 some distance from him ; ut first, going oflF to the lakes above North 
 l*ole River to hunt, and, after their return, living nearly all the rest 
 of the season at the point named on the map (page 211) as Now-yarn 
 Harbor. JJetween this and Fort Hope visits were at times exchanged, 
 and, during the two mid-winter months Hall lived with the natives at 
 Now-yarn. Ebierbing and ']'oo-koo-li-too, from the first, I'emnined 
 close b}' him, and for the sake of the latter who exjiected to give birth 
 to a child, Ar-niou\s family by the consent of the chief, Oii-c-la, re- 
 mained for some time at Fort Hoj)e. For the same reason, chiefly. 
 Hall himself did not accompany the party to the lakes. 
 
 He soon became deeply interested in the deer-hunts, making 
 himself a good marksman, and being rewarded with a large success. 
 During the month of September, and until the migrations of the 
 deer ceased in the month following, his notes are full of wearisome 
 ])ursuits, made almost daily over the rough hills and the hummocks of 
 th«} sea-ice 
 
 The record of one of these hunts is this : Leaving his hut with 
 Ebierbing at 8 a. m. of September 10, at midday, when three miles 
 north of their home, they first saw a band of seventeen deer one 
 of which Hall succeeded in killing. Making a, deposit of this, and 
 traveling two miles further, they sighted two others wlii(!h were rest- 
 ing (»n the plain The hunters cautiously concealed themselves 
 behind the rocks, and when the animals had come near to them, brows- 
 
Hrplmbrr. INtfA. 
 
 ( 'lose Shootitiff. 
 
 20.{ 
 
 in<r, Kl)iorl)iii{r vvopt across tho phiin, inakinp^ it itiipoHHihlo tor tlio 
 doer to cross in front of a little lake near by without oxpohing thenj- 
 selves to his clear aim. The hunters, however, found thcniHelves in the 
 ombarrassing- position that neither one could fire without endangorin^r 
 tho life of the other. Just as Hall had taken aim, ho reniembored 
 Kbiorbing, dropped his rifle, and hid himself behind tho rocks at tho 
 moment when Ebierbing's ball which had passed through tho first 
 doer, whizzod idoso to his head. Seeing, however, that his com- 
 panion had now, in turn, hid himself, lie shot tho second deer, giv- 
 ing Ebierbing the pleasure of a possible experience like his own. 
 Each felt that he had made a naiTow escape. 
 
 Securing three more from tho next herd, they skinned their 
 prizes, and, as the sun was now setting, determined to remain and 
 cache them the next day. For their sleeping-place they built a wall 
 of stones on the windward side of a bed of moss on which, after 
 smoking, chatting, and supping on raw venison, they fell comfortably 
 asleep, each having one of the doer-skins for his bed, another for his 
 pillow, and a third for his coverlid. Thoy awoke to find their cover- 
 ings hard frozen, ice to the thickness of three-eighths of an inch having 
 formed during the night on the pools of water near them ; but at an 
 early hour they made their caches of the deer, loaded the packs of 
 skins upon their backs, and continued the hunt throughout a second 
 day, securing, however, but one more animal. 
 
 Neither the fatigue of the journey nor the excitement through 
 which Hall had passed prevented him from writing while on his 
 rough bed: 
 
 The eveuiiig glorious, the clear sky, the moou, the stars! and now, at y"., the 
 aurora graudly playiug its fautastic tricks. Was ever inau more blest with an 
 
 i' 
 
204 
 
 An Aurora Noted from a Hard Bed. [September, ises. 
 
 
 
 ^:h : " 
 
 opportunity I'or observing some of Nature's grand order of creation than I to-night, 
 here on my back, with the heavens stretched ont and moving, panorama-like, be- 
 fore me ? O, the wondrous workings of the aurora ! Their mysteries seem past 
 finding out. The more I see them, the less I know. The display to-night most 
 gorgeous. At first, the low extended arch to the southward — its slow rising — 
 the dancing beams flying to and fro from one end of the arch to the other — the 
 arch nndtiplied into others in beautiful disorder — the prismatic fringe at the base 
 of the rays. As the now several arclies get higher and higher they become more 
 and more lively. Now they shoot up to the zenith, and their motions betiome too 
 quick for the eye to follow them. Now the upper heavens are filled with tlui 
 aurora as though in battle ; sublime and inspiring. I cannot describe the scene ; 
 I can simply behold, and praise God, the author of these glorious works. 
 
 During the month of September ninety-three deer were deposited, 
 and within the next month and the first week of November fifty more 
 were secured ; in the latter part of September they were frequently 
 seen in large numbers, and Hall estimated that as many as a thousand 
 passed in one day. The Innuits at the lakes, who were not equally 
 fortunate, said that the prevalence of the southerly winds had kept the 
 deer lower down, near the seashore. A few were seen by Hall as late 
 as the 27th of January ; these were, at the time, going northward. 
 They did not again appear until the end of March, when the does that 
 were with young had begun their migration. Their rutting season 
 had been in October, during which, frequently, they were more readily 
 captured. 
 
 The details of labor and exposure to which Hall subjected himself 
 when depositing the carcasses of his slain animals are as interesting as 
 those of the hunt. One record will suffice. It is largely condensed 
 from his notes, throughout the fullness of which no items are found 
 which would tempt one to suspect that the account is one of exagger- 
 ated trials. They bear on their face the simplicity of that truthfulness 
 which it may be here said, once for all, has been conceded on all sides 
 
 I 
 
October, 1 863. 1 
 
 Severe Exposures. 
 
 205 
 
 to have been a marked element in his character, and which his stead- 
 fast companion, Ebierbing, has uniforml}- claimed for liim. 
 
 On the 20th of October, at 8 a. m., in the midst of a <^ale with 
 snow and flying drift, the two went out to make deposits of the doer 
 which they had killed the day before. With rifles in hand, they 
 crossed hill and valley to Hall's own favorite deer-pass, where he had 
 been accustomed to watch for the animals behind his stone wall. The 
 first labor was to recover here his double-barreled gun from a deep 
 snow-drift, and this required of both, a laborious shoveling of twenty 
 minutes. FolloAving the ridge of high land from the deer-pass south 
 toward Gibson's Cove, they came upon their five slain animals, the 
 last one they had shot being a big buck. It had been left unskirined, 
 and the legs only were frozen. The skin was taken off, and the car- 
 cass disemboweled and cut into the three principal pieces, which were 
 dragged a little way further to a stony spot, where the weight of a ton 
 and a half of rock was piled upon them; the bristling antlers were 
 left projecting above to mark the cache To find rock and stones for 
 covering the other three animals, Hall climbed the highest part of the 
 ridge, ^vhere, by heavy pounding, he and Ebierbing secured two and 
 a half tons. When they had dragged two of the deer up this hill, a 
 rest was made for lunch on some of the unfrozen legs and for a smoke; 
 but to light their pipes a match was struck after many trials only, and 
 by their crowding down into a deep snow-bank and bending their 
 bodies and heads over for a roof against the storm. As they sat enjoy- 
 ing their puffing, the sight and the noise around them were such as 
 would have struck terror and dismay into the heart of any one inex- 
 perienced in Arctic life. The darkening clouds of sharp, cutting, 
 blinding snow flying on the wings of the gale, the howling of the 
 
206 
 
 HaU and Ehkrhiny again Successful. 
 
 I October, 1869. 
 
 f 
 
 storm, and the cold, frowninj*', icy rocks, although sheltering them 
 for the moment, were enough. Hall said, to make one exclaim, " None 
 but devils should be doomed to such an unmerciful punishment." On 
 returning to their third deer, they found that the foxes had dragged off 
 the head and nearly cleaned off the meat. The paunches of all three 
 were then buried within a skin in a snow-drift ; to be recovered when 
 the gale ceased The first animal which they had killed and sledded 
 U])on a skin some distance further on, was also cached with hard labor. 
 The whole day's work had been in the teeth of gale and drift. 
 
 Entering the hut, on their return, each seemed to the other a pil- 
 lar of snow, until they had for a long 
 liour pounded and threshed their na- 
 tive dresses with their ar-row-tars. 
 But they brought in with them a 
 good store of food, for Ebierbing had 
 carried on his back, two legs and five 
 slabs of meat, beside much tallow, 
 with e-ver-tu (sinew) for thread. Hall 
 had on his shoulders, with his gun, 
 a substantial saddle of meat. Their 
 stores left outside had been also made 
 "safe in the midst of the storm from 
 ihe jaws of the fox, the wolf, and the 
 equally hungry crow." 
 
 The gale continued unbroken 
 for five successive days. Hall notes 
 this as unexampled in his experience as regards its constancy, 
 force, and direction, of which he made entries in his meteorological 
 
 TOO-KOO-I.I-TOI). 
 
November, 1863.1 
 
 Refraction. 
 
 207 
 
 record. Too-koo-H-too expressed a wish that the lady who told her 
 at the Brooklyn fair in New York that Innuits ought to dress like 
 ladies in the States, could herself take a minute's walk only at this 
 time over the hill near by, when she would be very glad to change 
 her fine hat and hoop-skirts for any one of an Innuit's rough 
 dresses. 
 
 The journals of November 29 and 30 have interesting notes of 
 refraction and of a parhelion. The 29th was a gloriously fine day, 
 although rather cold, the mean of four observations of Hall's ther- 
 mometer No. 5 being 65°. 4 below freezing-point. From midday till 
 evening the sky was cloudless and the air calm. At lO''- 12" 4P'"'' 
 mean time of Fort Hope, the lower hmb of the san was half a degree 
 above the sea-horizon. The place of Hall's obser '^ation was on the 
 , crest of the hill back of his igloo, directly opposite Beacon Hill ; the 
 igloo and the hill being on opposite sides of the small stream known 
 as North Pole River. 
 
 At sunrise and for a half hour later, the refraction south and east 
 was very great ; for Southampton Island loomed up from ten to thirty 
 minutes of arc above the sea-horizon. The island is never visible 
 from the place of observation named, except by refraction ; and Hall 
 had frequently looked in vain for it from elevated points in the neigh- 
 borhood. Cape Frigid, the most northerly point of Southampton, lies 
 in about lat. 66° N., long. 85° 25' W., by Parry's chart ; and by the 
 same chart, the junction of the river with the headwaters of Gibson's 
 Cove is in lat. 6G° 32' N., long. 86° 50' W., the last of which positions, 
 however. Hall believed, involves an error in the chart, of seven miles. 
 The cape was forty-seven geographical miles distant, but the refraction 
 was so great that Hall saw not only that point, but the coast on both 
 
iINi 
 
 il mi. 
 
 1 1'' 
 
 
 
 
 208 
 
 A Mock-Sun. 
 
 fNoTombor, 1863. 
 
 •} 
 
 1; 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 ■ 
 
 sides of the island far down southward. Nearly the whole entrance 
 to Repulse Bay from Beach Point easterl}-, had land looming- up 
 above the sea-horizon in a thousand fantastic and constantly-chanfrinjr 
 forms. Before and at sunrise a zone of about live degrees in width 
 from the horizon up was of resjdendent colors, extending complete]}' 
 around the heavens ; that half of the circle which was opposite the sun 
 being the more gorgeous. On the going down of the sun the glow- 
 ing zone was again in view. Such a display is not imusual in fine 
 weather during the Arctic winter. 
 
 At 1 1 a. m, of the 30th, he was on the top of Oven Hill, viewing the 
 sun and a splendid parhelion 224 degrees east of it. On account of the 
 cloudiness of the heavens, there was no corresponding parhelion visi- 
 ble on the opposite or Avest side of the sun. In fifteen minutes after 
 the time given above, the sun became completely obscured by clouds ; 
 but the parhelion continued shining almost as brightly as though it 
 were the great luminary itself Thinking to improve the occasion in 
 determining the illusion to be a complete one, he hastened down to the 
 iffloo, called Ebierbing and Ar-mou, and requested them to point out 
 to him where the sun was. They both pointed directly to the parhe- 
 lion with the utmost confidence that it was the true sun ; their very 
 looks at him bespoke the unmistakable sentiment, "Any man that is 
 not blind can see that there is the sun!" Hall smiled, and then his 
 " good native friends " scanned to the right and left of what they 
 reall}^ thought to be the sun ; but their assurance remained the same. lie 
 then pointed 22 J degrees to the west of the phenomenon and told them 
 that in that direction was the sun. "At this time it wanted only fifteen 
 minutes of being apparent noon, when, of course, the sun would be 
 due south of them. A moment's reflection on the part of Ebierbing and 
 
December, i8«5.i Fooil With Difficultij Obtained from the Deposits. 209 
 
 Ar-mon then satisfied them that it was only a mock-sun they had 
 beheld" 
 
 Visits to the deposits like those made during the autumn were re- 
 })eated through the wint*^r as often as the necessities for food required. 
 On the 2d of December, Hall started up North Pole River with two dogs 
 for a team and a deer-skin for a sledge. He found half a saddle eaten 
 by foxes, or perhaps by some smaller animal, which, from the linuiits' 
 description, he thougiit must be the weasel. This deposit he had made 
 on ground six feet above the river-level ; but a six-day gale and storm 
 had formed anchor-ice on the boulders in the river's bed, bringing the 
 waters up from their passage under the ice to overflow it a long way 
 down the estuary before reaching the sea. The deposits made on the 
 banks were therefore almost entirely lost. When he had attempted, 
 a few days before, to open this cache by the use of sharp stones as 
 wedges and of boulders for his hammers, he had succeeded only in mak- 
 ing a few crevices, but through these the depredations had now been 
 made. On this visit he fastened his dogs by their draught-lines to the 
 rocks; but they no sooner saw the chips of the frozen meat flying right 
 and left from the blows of a dull ax, than they began a yelping, bark- 
 ing, and springing to be loosened, Avhich continued through the two 
 hours he was at work. "With much patience exercised in those 
 hours of profuse perspiration," he secured the larger part of the meat, 
 and then unfastened his dogs to revel on the scattered morsels and 
 gnaw at the mass mixed with the ice and stones. The larger frag- 
 ments and chips, placed on the deer-skin sledge out of their reach, 
 were drawn back to the igloo. 
 
 On a second journey for a like object, made in the month follow- 
 ing, he set out with Nu-Tcer-zlwo from Now-yam before daylight, the 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -14 
 
210 
 
 No Bites hji the Salmon. 
 
 [JanaDry, 1806. 
 
 II 
 
 moon ji few clays past full, and the temperature, 46° below zero. They 
 expected to remain out through the following night, yet took no addi- 
 tions to their winter traveling- dress. A snow-knife was carried to cut 
 out their Igloo. The bracing air incited the dogs to their full speed, 
 HO that after crossing the sea-ice and ascending a small ravine on the 
 surface of a rivulet leading up from a fiord of the bay, by sunrise they 
 were twelve miles from the igloos and near the deposit. The land in 
 the neighborhood was extremely low; that lying far to the north and 
 east was high — called King-naw by Nu-her-zlioo. A fresh breeze added 
 new stimulus to a work of profuse perspiration despite the intensity 
 of the cold; but before dark they had returned home, dragging with 
 them on their sled four heavy packages of venison-saddles sewed up 
 in deer-skins. It had been necessary to re-ice the runners of the sled 
 with moss. Their breakfast of raw frozen meat had been eaten under 
 the protection of the snow-pillars suppoi'ting two hj-aks. 
 
 No subsistence but the deer-meat was found during this season, 
 excepting occasionally a few salmon, or as many as a dozen partridges. 
 Hall attempted to catch salmon in a lake three miles east of Beacon 
 Hill, where he baited many hooks in holes through the fourteen-inch 
 ice. Dr. liae, in 1853-54, had found this lake well filled, but Hall did 
 not get a bite. The story of the natives was that no fish had been 
 caught in this lake since Rae lost his net in it. Presents were more 
 than once brought in of salmon from 30 to 36 inches in length, which 
 were either eaten raw or parboiled in fresh water, making, when fat, 
 a rich soup. 
 
 The provisions which had been brought to Fort Hope were spar- 
 ingly used. The main dependence was upon venison, which was 
 usually taken raw, with tood-noo or seal-blubber (often old and rancid) 
 
January) 1868.) 
 
 Hard and Poor Fare. 
 
 211 
 
 for butter. A favorite dish with both Hall and the Innuits was sea- 
 bread soaked in ice-water sweetened with molasses ; with this he often 
 treated his visitors. At times his storehouse was filled with meat, 
 and a season of feasting ensued; often, however, through failure in 
 recovering deposits, or through caprice in the Innuits, he was placed 
 on short rations. One extract from the record of Jarmary 21 will show 
 his condition at such times: 
 
 I arise usually betweeu seven aud eight in the morning, and then smoke a 
 little, which for a time makes me feel less hungry. After a while 1 cut a few chips 
 from whatever little choice block of venison I may happen to have, and eat flie 
 same raw and hard fi'ozen. As eating venison alone is dry work unless one lias 
 tood-noo, I eat seal-blubber, which is old, of strong odor, and of strong-old-checse 
 taste. About 4 ounces of venison aud 1 ounce of blubber make my breakfast. Ilad 
 1 abundance of the former, I should eat nearer 4 pounds than 4 ounces, for it must 
 be remembered that it takes a great deal of the venison of this country to sup])ly 
 one's appetite and necessities in the winter. In the neighborhood of noon (really 
 there is no particular time of one's taking his meals when living as the Innuits 
 do), I dine on what would be called old, stinking, nauseating whale-skin; but to a 
 hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet, and I, indeed, find it so. Some of the efiects 
 on eating the first few times of this muk-tuk (whale-skin) are severe griping pains 
 in the stomach and bowels, followed by copious diarrhea. Nearly every Innuit, 
 great and small, in the village, as well as myself, has suftered thus by eating this 
 whale-skin; there were seven patients on my hands one day last week suffering 
 with the above-named complaints. For my lunch, or supper, I i)ick out the I'atty 
 substance of a whale-fin, and eat with it a little more of my tool-too meat, about 
 the same amount as for breakfast, topping off with delicate slices of raw whale- 
 beef, or of the aforesaid whale-skin, and go to bed hungry; but as soon as asloep 
 J dream of friends and better times coming. 
 
 From the scarcity of fuel, little cooking could be done. But the 
 customs of the Innuits now required Too-koo-li-too in her peculiar 
 condition to eat nothing but cooked meat, and an additional drain was 
 made upon their small store of fuel in drying skins for their clothing. 
 The seal-oil, which had been so industriously collected, had suffered 
 
I 
 
 :|| 
 
 b »if' 
 
 Mli 
 
 i 
 
 '.ft- 
 
 
 ' 'f 
 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 HH 
 
 
 ^H' 
 
 i; 
 
 1 ;■ 
 
 1 
 
 i 7) 
 
 li 
 
 t 
 
 212 
 
 TAe Living at Fort Hope. 
 
 (Jaaaarf, 1800. 
 
 from the depredations of the bears and the wolves, and the heather 
 which had been gathered, was mainly used, toward spring, in browniiig 
 a supply of coffee for use on the j)roposed sledge journey. Coffee 
 was served only when Hall wished specially to please his visitors. 
 A corn-meal pudding was not relished, because of his long-continued 
 use of raw meat. "A reindeer-head, with a complement of tood-noo 
 and the paunch-contents stewed in water and reindeer-blood, was a rare 
 and savory dish " Oil was sipped, and tallow and marrow in consider- 
 able quantity eaten every day with the raw frozen venison. He was 
 thus enabled to bear i .uch cold without suffering; and he says, with 
 a dry humor, that sometimes while feasting on tood-noo, he was appre- 
 hensive of a like fate with the Innuit who, after drinking a large quan- 
 tity of water with his melted tood-noo, died from the formation of a 
 huge talloAv candle in his stomach. 
 
 So imich for often sipping train-oil and eating whale and seal blubber; all of 
 which three articles are to Innuits and myself what butter is to those in civilized 
 lauds. Besides, I frequently feast on tallow candles, which word I use as a fig- 
 ure for pure deer's tallow ; but really I have made excellent dii)-candle8 of tood- 
 noo, and, not having use for them, have eaten them with the same good relish as 
 though the tallow was not made into candles. 
 
 The water-supply at Fort Hope was obtained from North Pole 
 River, through a hole chiseled in the ice about six inches in diameter. 
 From the surface of the ice to the water was three feet. When snow 
 filled this hole, new ice formed daily to the depth of three inches; at 
 other times, six inches of ice were removed before water could be 
 obtained. On one occasion, when the temperature had fallen 20°, 
 Hall was surprised to find but half an inch of ice under the snow. 
 On the same day the heather-fuel was with difficulty ignited, although 
 the circumstances were the same as at other times ; he did not under- 
 
r, i8««.i Hall and Ehierhiny Prcpar'uifi Wi titer Garment ft. 213 
 
 stand either of these phenomena. His Innuit friends coniphiined that 
 in times of severe cold their fire-lamps were very dull. 
 
 According to an early-formed purpose, he and Ebierbing had 
 begun in November to prepare enough deer-skins for their full winter 
 
 raiment. This work comprised the different o{)erations of drying, 
 scraping, re-drying, and re-scraping described in Chapter IV. Too- 
 
 koo-li-too, as a young mother, could not work on these. Ar-niou and 
 his wife had already prepared their furs. Hall found hinis(jlf a greeii 
 hand in even the first of these operations, which gave him four times 
 the work of an Innuit. It took two skins to make him a single Icoo- 
 lee-tanfi, or native coat or frock. For a double one for winter use four 
 were used. 
 
 To get sufficient warmth to dry the skins, they were hung aromid 
 the "Conjurer," or small cook-stove, in the "snow 
 kitchen"; and, as the heather could not be spared for 
 the drying only, a quantity of coffee was browned 
 at the same time. Ebierbing was able to use his 
 needle so deftl}' that he made himself a pair of mit- 
 tens of the skin from two deer-legs. 
 
 Hall's clothing was now almost exclusively of fiu's. By tlie mid- 
 dle of December he had doffed his undeishirt, and in Frbruar}-, his 
 drawers; and for the rest of the season he dressed wholly like his 
 Innuit companions. His experience as to the influence of imagina- 
 tion upon his sensibility to cold is noted in the fact that, on several 
 occasions, when the Eskimos repeatedly expressed their surprise that 
 he did not protect himself while making his observations outside of 
 his ifiloo, he seemed unconscious of the increased cold ; he had been 
 
 DKKU-SKIN GLOVES. 
 
214 
 
 Itemoval lo Now-ffuni. 
 
 (Jnnnnrri INfl6. 
 
 I 
 
 lo^ardinf^ his thermometer only, which, because of an air-bubble in 
 the tube, (lid not indicate the true lower temperature of 20'^. 
 
 Having always taken great care of his Arctic library, even in his 
 removals from place to place, he again devoted his spare hours to 
 study. Finding his books, in the early part of the season, in great 
 danger of being injured by the dampness, he attempted by himself to 
 build for them a new i(/Ioo; but, wliile cutting the blocks a short dis- 
 tal u'e off, Ar-mou quickly cut out others from the spot on which the 
 iffloo was to be built, and surprised him on his return by presenting 
 him with a completed dome. Not long after. Hall succeeded in build- 
 ing a cook-igloo, when Ar-mou and Ebierbing, skilled as they were in 
 such work, showed their surprise that a koh-Iu-na had built it so well; 
 saying that they would never feel alarmed about him if caught out 
 alone in the storms, for he could easily protect himself 
 
 The removal to Now-yarn had taken place on the 1st of Decem- 
 ber, when Hall received a visit from Nu-ker-£!hoo, Ou-e-la, and his half- 
 biother, Oong-oo-choo, from their settlement at that place, about sixteen 
 miles to the eastward. He was busy at his skin-dressing when Ou-e-la 
 suddenly appeared, pushing in before him into the i<]loo a present of 
 whale-blubber and mitk-tuk The approach of the party had not been 
 noticed because of the thickness of the weather. Cordial greetings 
 wore followed by feasting through the evening, and afier the iffloo was 
 sealed, a lengthy conference was held, as the result of which it was 
 deternn'ned that Hall, with Ebierbing, Too-koo-li-too, and Ar-mou and 
 his family, should spend the rest of the winter at Now-yarn. 
 
 The lai'ger part of the stores being deposited amid the rocks, and 
 Hall having made two trips to Rae's oven in which he now stored his 
 medicine-chests and smaller articles, the move was begun under bright 
 
 
 !-.; 
 
JniiHarr. INtttt. 
 
 Death of Ar-too-a. 
 
 215 
 
 moonlight, at 3 a. m, of the r)th. Twenty doj^s drew out of the ifiloos 
 very heavy loads of venison from the unconsumed stores. 'V\w lurj^cr 
 pai't, however, was re-cached, while a number of tine (leer-skins were 
 necessarily abandoned. The two women, with their babes on their 
 backs, led the way, a seat on top of one of the sleds l^eiiij^ soon found 
 for Too-koo-H-too, who had been sick. Hall and Oit-r-la walked by 
 the first sled, Ebierbing- and Nii-h'r-zhoo by the second, and Ar-moii 
 and Oong-oo-choo by the third. Hut the loads were too heavy for th(;>n 
 to finish the roug'h journey to Now-yarn before nin-ht ; the j)ile from 
 one sled, therefore, was cached, and the sled put up on end, and wal- 
 rus-lines hung from its peak to swing in the wind find frighten the \w,\y 
 and the wolf from the cache. The journey was finished at 3 ]). m. 
 
 At Now-yarn the new-comers were cordially received with the 
 usual feast of venison and tood-noo, and two new ifjioos were; quickly 
 built. Hall found the widows of Ar-too-a and Sho-shv-arh-nooh, and 
 their mother in deep mourning, the long, coarse, raven hair of Ar- 
 too-a^s widow completely hiding her face, neck, and shoulders. News 
 of the death of Ar-too-a had been brought to Hall by Nu-ker-zhoo and 
 Oonfi-oo-choo some weeks before. Ar-too-a had gone out in his h'l-a 
 (or one-man boat) alone. This was contrary to Innuit custom, but 
 he was known as a bold, venturesome spirit who never quailed to 
 attack the bear with a single spear, or to hunt the fierce walrus fai" 
 (mt on the ice ; his death had been more than once predicted. At the 
 time it happened, one of the Innuit women on the shore heard a cry 
 of distress, and on her giving the alarm, two hi-as quickly pushed out 
 into the lake. They found his boat and his implements, except one 
 spear, but his body had sunk. It was supposed that while he was 
 spearing' one of a band of deer crossing the lake, some huge buck 
 
21(i 
 
 Tlw Ki-as of Ilcpii/sr 11(11/. 
 
 Ifebruarr, IN««. 
 
 V-: i 
 
 4' 
 '> 1 
 
 ii 
 
 
 proved nj^ly, and in \\\v encounter kicked up liis lieols, strikinj^- tho 
 boat, which was at onco u|)8et. 
 
 Hall notes the difVerenci^ between tho ki-as of this country and 
 those of ( Jreenhmd, Frohislier Hay, and Hudson's Strait: 
 
 'I'Ik' ki-ds hfvv iiw of far less wciylit tliiui tlionc nf (IrcciilaiKl — not so lonj^ 
 or so widi'. Indeed, tliej are not inor*' than ll't pounds \veit;lit, wliile tliose on tlie 
 west side of Davis's Strait ofttinies exceed lOU jiounds. A (ireenlander, or any 
 Innnit anywiiore from Hudson's Strait u]) to Nortliunibeiland Inlet, on gettin)>' 
 into one of tlie ki-a» of tliis country would ca]>si/u as quickly us a white man 
 in theirs. Khicrbin^' at tirst could do nothing' in them but roll over, Ai-u and 
 all. To {jet jirojierly into one of these boats, an Innnit has to work and wifjuh* 
 his body a htnj;' time. I cainiot imajfine how Arioo-a managed, on yettiu};' cap- 
 sized, to {jet his body out of his A'/-rt, so tight was he s(iueezed in when in it. 
 
 KKITLSK HAY KI-A. 
 
 Klsewhere, he notes his surprise on learning that the natives coni- 
 phiined tluit he had kept Ar-moii with him. They bitterly felt the loss 
 
 of their an-f/e-ko, and said that \i' Ar-moii had {j^one 
 up with Ar-too-a to the lake he might have been 
 at hand to sfive him. Old Ook-har-loo, mother-like, 
 held on to a hope that she would yet look upon 
 her son. 
 
 The midwinter months, to the 8th of Fel)- 
 ruary, were pasr^ed comfortably with the uatives 
 at or uear Now-yarn. The stock of provisions 
 was ample, and hunting unnecessary as well as impracticable ; the 
 time was, therefore, spent mostly within the n/loos, in the usual 
 amusements and feasting the character of which has already been 
 described. The number of souls in the village, including women and 
 
 KY-AK OKXA.MKXT. 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 k 
 
 
 
VrbrHnrr, IN(I«. 
 
 I'ojuddtioH of Xoir-if(trn. 
 
 217 
 
 cliildrt'ii, WJ1H foily-tbree. Tliis miniber On-c-la counted up by keep- 
 ing open with liis finger for Hall the Hiune number ot" lea^'es in one 
 of liiH little volumes — the liook (»t' I'siilms. The Kskimos, as is well 
 known, can generally count aw far aH ten, ])ut after that, they only 
 Huy, am-a-su-it or am-a-sii-ad-lii (many, a ver}' great many). 
 
 DICATH OF AH-TOO-A. 
 
 Almost every day the whole population came together for the 
 feasts. At times, Hall showed his continued good-will bv giving 
 
Wi 
 
 «r. 
 
 218 
 
 Amusements. 
 
 I February, 1866. 
 
 special entertainments, at which he waited himself on the younger 
 children, after feasting the adults. Free smoking assisted the good 
 humor, when tobacco, as well as other articles, including desiccated 
 vegetables, were drawn from the stores taken out with him from the 
 United States. To leave no exception from his invitations, he urged 
 old mother Ooh-har-loo to release Too-koo-li-too from the iron custom 
 which was working against her at the time. The favor was granted, 
 but Too-koo-li-too, from superstitious fear, declined to avail herself of 
 the dispensation. Her babe, born September 16, was, in her judgment, 
 yet too young. 
 
 Amusements necessarily formed a large part of the occupations of 
 the village. Wrestling and oth»er gymnastic exercises were not only 
 much relished, but instinctively practiced with frequency, to maintain 
 that muscular power of which the race were in conscious need for 
 their success and personal safety in the hunt and in severe exposures. 
 
 I \.\UIT rmilT-KOl'KIS, 
 
 The tight-rope was in use, stretched within the igloo by thongs of wal- 
 rus-hide, which, with some skill, were securely fastened on the outside 
 of the roof. Games of checkers and dominoes were often interrupted 
 
FebrHarr, IN6M.I 
 
 New Year's Day. 
 
 219 
 
 by long yarn-spinning, chatting, and smoking. The dance and the 
 masquerade ball were not infrequent. 
 
 The first month of the new year had closed with a celebration of 
 a unique character. Hall had announced to them the opening of the 
 year by passing round through the connected snow-houses and shout- 
 ing its coming with so loud a voice and at such an hour as even to 
 frighten the people. They seemed to have reciprocated his atten- 
 tions with interest. The whole day was busily spent in preparing for 
 the masquerade and the dance; and when the ball opened, the most 
 grotesque costumes imaginable provoked loud and continued laughter 
 
 IXNirr IIKAD-OlfXAMKNT— SKAI.-ll'.inil ; IIKAD.S I'KO.-.I 1>U. liAK. 
 
 from all the company; for the garments h 1 1 been hastily patched 
 up from nil the second-hand articles of clothing, such as pants, shirts, 
 drawers, remnants, and pieces of cloth, calicoes, and stuff which had 
 been picked up at times from the whalers; and these were put on by 
 men, women, and children, even the smallest, with a studied care to 
 make themselves ridiculous. The masks were of reindeer-skin. The 
 performance came off in the triplet igloo of ^^Nu-ker-zJioo, Ar-gooni-oo- 
 too-lik, See-gar & Co.," where dancing to a late hour was accompanied 
 by the key-low-tik, with monotonous singing, and a cheerful, tuneless 
 
/ 
 
 It 
 
 220 
 
 Miniature Sledges. 
 
 [Fobraarr, lNa«. 
 
 accordeon. Dancing- in couples, dancing altogether, and dancing 
 singly, filled up the hours. 
 
 GROUND-PLAN OF THK FKA8TING-1GLOO— SCALE, tV" = 12". 
 
 I. Passage-way, about G feet high. II. Vestibule, 9 feet high. III. Igloo— floor to dome, 9 feet 
 3 inches; height of bed-platform, 2 feet 9 inches. IV. Igloo— floor to dome, 9 feet C inches; 
 height of bed-platform, 3 feet. V. Igloo — floor to dome, 9 feet 5 inches; height of bed- 
 pliitforni, 2 feet 7 inches. B. Bed-platform; F. Floor; L. Lamp. 
 
 At the close of other entertainments when the storm did not shut 
 them in-doors as on the occasion of Hall's feasting them on Christmas 
 night, the boys harnessed up a team of little dogs and gave the 
 youngest children a good sledge-ride on the ice of Kepulse Bay. For 
 such rides, miniature teams of puppies but two months old were some- 
 times driven with much skill by the young children; the puppies being 
 harnessed by the line only, and the young drivers using the long whip 
 
 : »■ 
 
 
 
 
Febrnarr, 1866.J 
 
 Trip to Oo-gla-ri-your Island. 
 
 221 
 
 just as the men do. Their sleds are about two feet in length. The 
 village, outside the igloos, was illuminated with '^nanng-roons,^^ or lan- 
 terns, some of ice, others of snow. Hall says, about these: "Really 
 there is no occasion for any one to bring glass windows or glassware 
 into this country, for King Cold gives us the material during nine 
 months of the year. These lanterns are fine specimens of the handi- 
 work of the race." 
 
 On the 3d of February, Hall and Nu-ker-xJioo made a very rough 
 journey back to Oo-gla-ri-your Island, to recover a favorite artificial 
 horizon, first used on the expedition of 1860 to 1862. The instrument 
 was readily found by Nu-ker-zhoo on the surface of the snow, but in a 
 damaged state; the woodwork eaten by foxes and the mercury wholly 
 lost. The two were back at Now-yarn at the close of the second day, 
 having passed one night in an igloo on the ice. On this trip of sixty 
 miles they were more than once jerked from the flying sledge "like 
 stones from a sling." On the island a native sledge was found, made 
 
 ESKIMO SLKUGE. 
 
 entirely of the jaw-bone of a whale. It was very heavy. The run- 
 ners were 12 feet long, 10 inches deep, and 1^ inches thick, and were 
 
222 
 
 Now-yarn Harbor and the Cliff. 
 
 (Pobruarf, 1866. 
 
 H I 
 
 ! 
 
 1:. i 
 
 shod with the same bone; the cross-bars measured 20 inches. Ou-e-la 
 said that it belonged to the father of the I-vit-chuck already named. 
 Hall now spent several days in the busy work of surveying Now- 
 yarn harbor and its vicinity, n»aking the sketch of which the cut 
 below is a fac-simile. 
 
 I^elct. 
 
 A cliff on the border of a neighboring inlet much interested him 
 by the Innuit tradition with which it was connected. Ou-e-kUs story 
 was that, years before, two little girls while playing about this cliff, 
 with infants in hoods on theu- backs, had gone into an opening between 
 the rocks, which closed upon them before escape was possible. All 
 attempts for rescue were unsuccessful, and the poor children, to whom 
 for a time bread and water were passed, perished in the cliff. 
 
 On the 8th, Hall found himself back at his tenting-ground at the 
 twenty-sixth encampment, near Dr. Rae's "Forlorn Hope" — Fort Hope. 
 
February, 1866.] 
 
 Visit to Fort Hope. 
 
 223 
 
 ■u It. w/iic 
 
 30 ft. 1„„ 
 
 "^'^^;!!1^!^\^>' 
 
 THE KENT CLIFF. 
 
 On setting out in the morning, all Now-yarn had turned out to bid him 
 *' ter-hou-ee-tie'^ — a hearty good-bye. He left the kindly advice with 
 Ou-e-la to be sure to send for him if any of the people were sick. 
 
 With his own Eskimos, and Ar- 
 mou and Mam-mark, he made the jour- 
 ney by four o'clock in the afternoon, 
 the sledges being heavily loaded, and 
 he himself preferring to pace the whole 
 distance, carefully counting every 
 fourth step. As soon after their ar- 
 rival as new igloos were built, refresh- 
 ments were served up, including a lit- 
 tle brandy of such proof that it 
 remained unfrozen at 50*^ below zero, 
 eschewed the favorite muk-tuk, the brandy, and the smoking. Mam- 
 mark having recently lost her wing-er (husband), and Too-koo-li-too's 
 child being less than a year old. When Hall took his brandy, even 
 after breathing for some time upon the flask, he was burned from 
 mouth to stomach as by a stream of fire-coals ; — impressing him ever 
 after with the necessity of being as wise in first taking the frost out 
 of the liquid as he was in taking it out of the nose of the flask. 
 
 The next day, having occasion to visit Fort Hope, he was struck 
 with its exposed position, and his notes express an admiration of Dr. 
 Rae's ability as the leader of an expedition, for having wintered his 
 party of 1846 within its gloomy mud and stone walls without the 
 loss of a man. Mam-mark and others now spoke of their friends hav- 
 ing seen Dr. Rae at Pelly Bay, as well as at Fort Hope. They knew 
 Oo-lig-huck, Rae's guide, under the name Mar-ko, and among other 
 
 The fair sex of the company 
 
224 
 
 Difficulties ivith the Innuits. 
 
 [innrcb, 18««. 
 
 things which they related of this man, was the story that he became 
 much alarmed by the accounts from the Iwillik people of the fierce 
 and deceitful Neitchille tribe, and for this reason he had tried to 
 desert Rae, but without success. 
 
 During the rest of the month of February and throughout March, 
 Hall was quite willing to have for his companions the few only who 
 had returned with him from Now-yarn. He needed rest from the fre- 
 quency of visitations to liis igloo, and quiet for maturing his plans for 
 the spring sledge journey ; but especially, relief from the misunder- 
 standings and alienations occurring not infrequently at the village. It 
 is easy to see that any estrangement from those on whom he as the 
 only white man was dependent, and at times helplessly so, must have 
 caused him much disquiet, beyond even the connection of this with 
 the success of his plans. Some personal misunderstandings with 
 Ou-e-la (the chief) and with Ar-mou, and others, had more than once 
 occurred ; and at one time he seems to have had good reason to 
 believe that his life was in danger. But his control over the people 
 continued to be strangely successful, and it so remained up to the 
 close of the expedition. 
 
 The chief means of this success is readily to be inferred from the 
 course of the narrative up to this date. From the time of his first 
 meeting with the Innuits he had reciprocated the cordiality of their 
 simple offerings, and had subjected himself to a conformity with their 
 strange customs; he had ministered to their necessities in sickness, 
 supplying both food and fuel ; and had held out to them just expecta- 
 tions of further assistance from the whalers, and from his friends in the 
 United States. His chief dependence for the needed control over them 
 was in his supply of tobacco, often freely given as a present, but as a 
 

 I' ^ 
 
 SKKTfll OF COAST LINES 
 
 M{()M FT. CHUUClilLL 
 TO LANCASTER SOUND 
 
 I5y Ai'-n»i)U in 18H6. 
 
 ^':^-^v, 
 
 V 
 
 if 
 
starch, 1866.] 
 
 Control of the Innuits. 
 
 225 
 
 rule, dealt out as rations in exchange for provisions. When for two 
 days he held out in a refusal to serve out this to Ar-mou (the Wolf), a 
 personal contest was nearly broug-lit on. " The savage," after several 
 angry conferences with his fellows, again and again demanded the 
 coveted weed; but even when he approached Hall to lay hold on him, 
 he received the firm answer, '^Ar-mou keeps his muk-tuk, Hall keeps 
 his tobacco." This self-control seems to have had as much to do with 
 closing the affair amicably, as any assistance that Ebierbing and Too- 
 koo-li-too could render. 
 
 Other alienations had now shown themselves by the separa- 
 tion from him of the rest of the Innuits, and by their withhold- 
 ing from him their old gifts and even some of his own supplies, 
 which might have been brought when he was known to be in need, 
 from the whale cached in August ; to say nothing of their forge tful- 
 ness to keep for him his accustomed place at the feasts. It is cer- 
 tainly creditable to Hall that he could exercise such self-control, and 
 make full allowance for the circumstances in which he was placed, and 
 in which he steadfastly purposed to abide. Some things he knew that 
 he must probably misunderstand. His own determined purpose he 
 could not. In despite of these adverse circumstjinces, he had not been 
 without renewed encouragements. The leading men of the tribe had 
 come and talked with him about his journey before he went over to 
 Now-yarn, and when good humor prevailed there, had repeatedly 
 entered into his plans, and committed themselves and their people to 
 his assistance. Ar-mou completed for him a chart of the waters 
 and lands he had voyaged and traveled over in his lifetime. "It 
 embraced a section of country from Pond's Bay (say in lat. 73° N., 
 long. 76° W^) to Fort Churchill (lat. 58° 44' N., long. 94° 14' W.) ; 
 the distance between the two places in a direct line being 966 nauti- 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -ir. 
 
 i ■ 
 
till 
 
 226 
 
 Ready to Move. 
 
 (ITIarrh, IN«I6. 
 
 
 ^hI 
 
 
 I^H ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 awlj 
 
 
 
 
 cal miles (by middle latitude sailing, i)65.8 ; by Mercator, DfjD.H)." 
 The coast which this native delineated, and with most of which he 
 was well acquainted, exceeded six times this distance. With all the 
 indentations of the coast from Ig-loo-lik to Repulse Bay, and thence 
 to Fort Churchill, he still was familiar, except the further or most 
 westerly extent of Chestei-field Inlet. He had been on Southampton 
 Island twice ; the first time drifting there on the ice while walrusing in 
 the winter. From his map and from others drawn by natives, par- 
 ticularly from the sketch of Lyon's Inlet, to be found in a later part of 
 this Narrative, Hall received valuable assistance on his subsequent 
 journeys. 
 
 The occupations of the quiet stay at Fort Hope had included the 
 selecting and preparing the necessary provisions and stores, and putting 
 them up in convenient packages encased in strong bags of India-rubber 
 cloth ; such as could not be carried away being either cached or cov- 
 ered over in the Sylvia, which was secured from exposure. For Hall's 
 personal comfort, Mam-mark made him a pair of kod-Uns, or breeches, 
 from the Siberian squirrel-furs presented to him the preceding season 
 by his friend Captain Kilmer. 
 
 On the 30th of March, I-vi-tuk came merrily down to Fort Hope, 
 with all the dogs belonging to See-gar and Ar-ffoo-moo-too-Iik, to assist 
 Hall on his proposed iourney north. These teams, with some dogs 
 which had been left with him by his friend Ou-e-la, were the best prac- 
 tical assurances of good feeling renewed with his old friends. Dui-ing 
 the winter he had almost despaired of securing a team, and his own 
 stock consisted of but '* two female dogs, equal to one good dog, and 
 two puppies, equal to a quarter of a good dog." He had been unable 
 to obtain others at a lower price than a double-barreled gun for each. 
 
 -1; 
 
march, INUH.l 
 
 Jliadij for King Williani's Land. 
 
 227 
 
 I-vi-tulis coniinj'' enabled him to jiuticipfito the day tor the move 
 toward Noitcliillo. Now-yarn bad been abandoned by the scattering" 
 of the peojilo to hunt and fish; ()u-e-la, for tliis object, was aheady 
 upon the lakes. 
 
 Hall was ready to leave all the ixfopie in fidl ••ood humor. He 
 presented them with vem'son, and {i^ave to the men letters to the 
 expected whalers, in which he asked that such reasonable requests as 
 might be made for amnumition and provisions should \w granted ; 
 the compensation for these he expected would be made to the whalers 
 by his two chief friends in the United States. 
 
 He had now a goodly i)arty ready for the forward move, having 
 only the regret that the women and children must accompany them. 
 It may be questioned, howe ir, whether his efforts to prevent this had 
 been wise ; nor did the sequel show that the women were really an 
 incumbrance. 
 
 The METEOROLOGICAL NOTES kept in the winter quarters 
 are of interest. The changing temperatures experienced during this 
 second winter of seven months will be appreciated by the following 
 quotations from some specific dates within that period : 
 
 TLe first snow of the season fell September 0; an inch onlj- in depth; it 
 assisted the hunters in tracking deer. Ice formed on the bay and river for the 
 first time on the 12th of the month following'. The canvas tents becoming un- 
 comfortable, liom-momjH protected the party until they found enough snow on the 
 29th to build their igloos, and were driven into them by the sudden occurrence 
 of severe storms. 
 
 The snow-drift of this date prompted Hall to say : 
 
 I defy any man to make true observations of the number of inches of snow 
 that falls on an average during the winter in the Arctic Regions. Drift and 
 
228 
 
 Meteorological Notes Durititf the Whiter. 
 
 falling Hiiow are all intcrmiiit;l<><l, and both arc Nwept uluii^ ovur tlio earth at a 
 Hpeod that, HOinptimes I think, should take them rotuul the preat plobo in forty 
 ininuteH. Ot'ttiincH the shrewdest natives cannot toll whether it is simply drift 
 tlying or both falling snow and drift. 
 
 The weather at times during November was so warm that the 
 roofs of the igloos needed rebuilding. Repeated applications of new 
 blocks were made to the places from which the melted snow was 
 dripping. 
 
 The 22d of January, 1866, was a hurricane day. Within the igloos 
 buried deep under the drift, the howling- of the storm was heard through- 
 out the night. The women, rising first as usual, cleared the passage- 
 way, and came back from its mouth to tell of the tempest. At nine 
 o'clock Hall attempted to go outside to make his observations, but as 
 he stepped beyond the wind-proof wall of snow-blocks wliich shielded 
 the entrance-way to the tunnel, he was instantly knocked heels over 
 head. On raising his head, for one instant he saw the snow flying; the 
 next, he was blinded; but by little and little he worked himself, directly 
 in the eye of the humcane, till he struck on what he knew to be one 
 of the snow-walls of the tunnel. He says that " the whole world 
 around seemed one mighty snow-drift, and if he had any conscious- 
 ness at all, it was that he felt as though he were in chaos. Heaven 
 had his first thanks, and the Innuit who built that snow-wall his 
 second." 
 
 On the 10th of February a hurricane prevailed all day, charged 
 with a temperature of — 40°. At one time, one of the dogs was found 
 entirely buried under the drift, his line being too short to let him keep 
 upon the surface. When released he was a happy dog ; even before 
 eating, " brisk as a cricket." 
 
A moras. 
 
 22J) 
 
 AuroniH won* of tViMjiiont occurreuco throughout the winter, except 
 
 during- the month of January. More than once, on witnessing them, 
 
 Hall finds the question arising in his mind — 
 
 Why is it timt tliii aurora is almost always seeu in the southern heavcus 1* 
 Wliy do wc; not see the same nortli of us? I have seeu the aurora at Wager 
 Hay, at Noo-wook, at Depot Islaud, and from various places about Repulse Bay, 
 and almost uniformly the phenomena is seen southerly of the point wherever I 
 hap])ened to be. The same was true in my previous voyage (18()()-'62) — that the 
 aurora was seen south. In this connection I would stat<! that from all I have 
 been able to learn in the many close observations I have made during their dis- 
 ]»lays, the aurora is generally not far distant — ofttimes within a few hundred feet — 
 and continues within a stone's-throw of one's head. If an army of men were 
 <!lose together in line, and extended from here to York Factory, I am sure each 
 man would see the auroral displays all south of him ; and yet the most distant 
 <lisplay8 would not exceed ten or fifteen miles, while the most would be within a 
 lialf to three miles of him. 
 
 On November 7 the rays of an aurora shot horizontally to the 
 eastward, in the direction of the magnetic meridian. At 7 p. ra. of the 
 10th, a thin auroral veil covered the sky, lasting twenty minutes. 
 
 On the 6th of February, the passage-way of Hall's iffloo was 
 
 flooded with the light of an aurora. On going out, he saw — 
 
 A long belt, extending far east-southeast and far west-northwest, the center 
 of it a trifle south, but apparently within a pistol-shot. The rays were all vertical, 
 and dancing right merrily. This whole belt was remark^ibly low down — that is, 
 apparently not more than 50 or 75 feet from the earth — and along the base of it, 
 from end to end, was one continuous stream of prismatic fires, which, with the 
 golden rays of light jetting upward and racing backward and forward — some 
 dancing merrily one way, while others did the same from the opposite direction — 
 made one of the most gorgeous, soul-ins]>iring displays I ever witnessed. The 
 Innuits, nearly the whole of whom witnessed the grand sight, kept up, as they 
 always do on such occasions, their charming music — that is, whistling. The dis- 
 play lasted but a few minutes. 
 
 * Between tLo. parallel of 50 degrees north and that of 62 degre es north, auroras during the 
 winter are seen almost every uight. They appear high in the heavens, and as often to the south 
 as to the north. In regions. AnV/icr north they are seldom seeu i-xeept in the south. Loomis, p. IW. 
 
 ^^ 
 
Ii 
 
 ■,fnif I 
 
 
 !!!' 
 
 
 i»>' 
 
 Igl 
 
 Umi 
 
 i^ 
 
 pi 
 
 M' 
 
 1i= 
 
 ■ 1, 
 
 !i ■ 
 
 
 230 
 
 Auroras. 
 
 The following- night something of a like display was witnessed. 
 A single streak of aurora shot np from the south, and in a few 
 moments the ■whole horizon was alive with the dancing- fires of the 
 
 AIIiOISA SKKTCIIKl) IIY HAM,. 
 
 north. On the 19tli there was a disjilay of aurora, upon which the 
 wind had no apparent effect, although a g-ale was blowing. 
 
 On the loth of March— 
 
 A winnlioius display strctclicd across tlu' soutlieni ln^avoiis irom oast-south- 
 ea«t to Avcst-soHtliAVOst. Tlu' ('astern lialf was in tlic ioriii of an arcli with vorti- 
 
 i' Ml 
 
 
 
 
A uroras. 
 
 231 
 
 v.a\ rays, wliile tlie western luilf was convolved in such vast glowing circles that 
 nearly a quarter of the heavens seemed on tire. The eastern half consisted of 
 bosses or birch broomheads, springing into life and dancing merrily to and fro 
 along the vertex of the highest rays forming the arch; to each broondiead was a 
 complete nucleus, well defined, about which the rays, incUned about 45° to the 
 east, played most fantastically. One was quite alone in its glory, for not only had 
 it the embellishments of its sister broondieads, but golden hair i-adiated from its 
 liead in all directions. 
 
 [With Hall's notes it may be interesting to compare those made 
 by Ijieutenant Weyprecht, of the Austrian ship Tegetthoff, while wit- 
 nessing- the n uroras of the Eastern Hemisphere.] 
 
 There in the Honth., low on the horizon, stands a faint arch of light. It looks 
 as if it were the upper limit of a dark segment of a circle; but the stars which 
 shine through it in undiminished brilliancy, convince us that the darkness of the 
 segment i^ a delusion i)roduced by contrast. Gradually the arch of light grows 
 in intensity and rises to the zenith. It is perfectly regular; its two ends almost 
 touch the horizon and advance to thf east and west in proportion as the arch 
 rises. No beams are to be discovered in it, but the whole consists of an almost 
 uniform light of a delicious tender color. It is transparent white, with a shade 
 of light green not unlike the ])ale green of a young plant which germinates in 
 the dark. The light of the moon appears yellow, contrasted with this tender 
 color so pleasing to the eye, and so indescribable in words, a color which nature 
 apjtears to have given only to the Polar regions by way of compensation. The 
 arch is broad, thrice the breadth, perhaps, of the rainbow, and its distinctly 
 marked edges, are strongly defined on the i)rofound darkness of the Arctic 
 heavens. The stars shine through it with undiminished brilliancy. The arch 
 mounts higher and higher. An air of repose seems spread over the whole phe- 
 nomenon ; here and there only a wave of light rolls slowly from one side to the 
 other. It begins to grow clear over the ice; some of its groups are discernible. 
 The arch is still distant from the zenith ; a second detaches itself from the dark 
 segment, and this is gradually succeeded by others. All now rise toward the 
 zenith ; the first passes beyond it, then sinks slowly toward the northern horizon, 
 and as it sinks, loses its intensity. Arches of light are now stretched ov«'r the 
 whole heavens; seven are aj)parent at the sam«' time on the sky, though of infe- 
 rior intensity. The lower they sink toward the north, the paler they grow, till 
 at last they utterly fade away. Often they all return over the zenith, and become 
 
 ^Mm 
 
 
 'im\ 
 
232 
 
 Auroras in the Eastern Hemisphere. 
 
 extinct just as they came. # # # b„^^ again, another form. Bands 
 of every possible form and intensity have been driving over the heavens. It is 
 now 8 o'clock at night, the hour of the greatest intensity of the northern lights. 
 For a moment some bundles of rays only are to be seen in the sky. In the south 
 H, faint, scarcely -observable band lies close to the horizon. All at once it rises 
 rapidly and spreads east and west. The waves of light begin to dart and shoot; 
 some rays mount toward the zenith. For a short time it remains stationary, then 
 suddenly springs to life. The waves of light drive violently from oast to west; 
 the edges assume a deep red and green color, and dance up and down. The rays 
 shoot up more rapidly; they become shorter; all rise together and approach 
 nearer and nearer to the magnetic pole. It looks as if there were a race among 
 the rays, and that each asj ' ^J to reach the pole first. And now the point is 
 reached, and they shoot out on every side, to the north and the south, to the 
 east and the west. Do the rajs shoot from above downward or from below 
 upward? Who can distinguish? From the center issues a sea of flames; is that 
 sea red, white, or green? Who can say — it is all three colors at the same 
 moment! The rays reach almost to the horizon; the whole sky is in flames. 
 Nature displays before us such an exhibition of fire-works as transcends the 
 powers of imagination to conceive. Involuntarily we listen : such a spectacle we 
 think must be accompanied with sound. But unbroken stillness prevails; not 
 the least sound strikes on the ear. Once more it becomes clear over the ice, and 
 the whole phenomenon has disappeared with the same inconceivable rapidity 
 with which it came, and gloomy night has again stretched her dark veil over 
 everything. This was the aurora of the coming storm — the aurora in its fullest 
 splendor. Ifo pencil can draw it, no colors can paint it, and no words can describe 
 it in all its magnificence. And here below stand we poor men and speak of 
 knowledge and progress, and pride ourselves on the understanding with which 
 we extort from Nature her mysteries. We stand and gaze on the mystery which 
 Nature has written for us in flaming letters on the dark vault of night, and iilti- 
 mately we can only wonder and confess that, in truth we know nothing of it. He 
 who has seen its i)henomenon in its full splendor, when in the vast silence the 
 entire vault of heaven seems to consume in flames of intense colors, when streams 
 of fire, furious and frantic, in wild chase all around, rush upward to the zenith, 
 he who has observed the excitement which in such moments manifests itself in 
 the elements of Terrestrial magnetism — to him it must become a life task to aid 
 in removing the thick veil which shrouds this mysterious exhibition of Nature's 
 power. Although in most intimate connection with the disturbances of Terres- 
 
Auroras in the Eastern Hemisphere. 
 
 233 
 
 trial magnetism and utterly inseparable from it, still it is out of our power to 
 discern the links which chain them together. Theory after theory has been pro- 
 posed, but none is adequate; the obscurity which lowers over this indescribable 
 phenomenon is as intense to-day as a hundred years ago. ("New Lands within 
 the Arctic Circle.") 
 
'. pv; I.I I. -iT-T- -"i«'"-Jiv,i"..»v»w.';.v«'i'^^rf!",'^""-i'7T^"'»''^rr--',:'7ii," ■ . ^i^^j,m^%mA^w, %§ivii,r.-yj'r'^^:^^"V^^" 'i^'^mit''. " — mfMigr^m„^^f^j, iiu^^n n 
 
 -'-■ -^■-■-^^-- 
 

 .iijj. fi,. >p mii,i I 
 
 Ch 
 
 AFTER 
 
 V 
 
 yjjj- 
 
 FIRST ADVANCE TOWARD KING WILLIAM'S LAND- 
 SLEDGP: JO'JRNEY to COLVILE bay AND RETURN. 
 
 MARCH 31 TO MAY 25, 
 
 Mi 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Start fok King William's Land March 31— Hall's companions— His exposure— Walks bk- 
 HiND THE SLEDGES— Gale-bound— iNNUiT legends of the wolf and the bear— An- 
 
 KOO-TING FOR TOO-KOO-LI-TOO'S SICK INFANT— UNCERTAINTY OF THE GUIDES— Dr. Rae'S 
 
 chart followed — letters sent back to the whalers — tardiness of the natives — 
 Renewed an-koo-ting for the child — Further dei^ys — Icing of the sleds re- 
 newed— The Sea of Ak-koo-lee reached on the twenty-eighth day of a journey, 
 
 ONCE MADE BY RaE IN FIVE DAYS — MEETING WITH NATIVES FROM PeLLY BaY — THEIR AC- 
 COUNTS OF Franklin's ships- Relics obtained from them— Intimidation of Hall's 
 
 MEN BY these NATIVES— HaLL COMPELLED TO RETURN FROM COLVILE BaY— LEAVES A 
 
 deposit AT Cape Weynton for his next journey— Buries Too-koo-h-too's child, 
 "Little King William "-Arrives at Beacon Hill May 23 — The Innuits agree to go 
 back the next year. 
 
 The first page of the Note-Book for the last day of March, 1866, 
 has on its face, in bold writing, ^'^ Now for King William! s Land! Up at 
 4 a. m. and getting ready for a start." 
 
 The wind was fresh from the north-northwest, and the tempera- 
 ture " 50 degi-ees below frost-point," yet Hall decided to make his first 
 advance of five miles as far as Ou-e-Ms resting-place on North 
 Pole Lake, and from that point to send forward two sledge-loads of 
 stores, after which, before setting out finally on his journey, he would 
 make a safe deposit of his records at the base of Beacon Hill on its 
 northeast side. Ebierbing, Ar-mou, Nu-her-zhoo, young 8he-nuk-shoo 
 and his mother, with Too-koo-li-too and the families of Ar-mou and 
 
 *£JS 
 
 i'lSl 
 
238 
 
 Hall Sets Out in a Gale. 
 
 (march, IN««. 
 
 Nu-ker-zkoo, made up his party. He remained behind for a little 
 while to compare his chronometers, and, after "rendering thanks for 
 (his) innumerable blessings, to ask protection on departing for a country 
 where dangers would be found on every hand." Following the tracks 
 of the sledges as well as he could trace them through the increasing 
 drift, he soon overtook his party. All the other natives v.ho had been 
 at this time at the encampment had now gone off in different direc- 
 tions, some toward Now-yarn and others to the lakes. 
 
 The gale became very severe, beating fiercely and directly in the 
 face of one who was poorly prepared to bear it from his having eaten 
 little or no food for several days. In writing of this, he says there 
 had been before him an abundance of such as he would have relished 
 if he could relish anything ; but he had been so busy in writing and 
 so enwrapped in anxieties that he had little or no appetite. 
 
 Let one who has had the like experience as mine, with no other people but 
 savages to deal with, say whether uiy task has been an enviable one during all 
 the time of making every due arrangement and preparation for this journey. 
 The labor of the writing I have done, without speaking of anything else, has been 
 enough to kill many a man, and has nearly killed me. 
 
 Coming up with the sledges, he now lunched on raw frozen 
 venison with the voracious appetite which the cold gale had created; 
 and on finding that Ar-mou had harnessed himself beside his four 
 dogs, placed himself at the rear of the sledge, helping it forward by 
 constantly following up and pushing. Holding his head low down, 
 he was sheltered from the sharp wind by the load on the sled. Before 
 midday they were all met by Ou-e-la with sick wife (No. 1), coming 
 down the river in haste to be doctored. Igloos were built, and twenty- 
 one persons turned in hastily for shelter. The position Avas found 
 to be lat. 66° 34' 18" N., long. 86° 57' 15" W. There was no anxiety 
 
April, 18«6.1 
 
 /Sickness Believed. 
 
 239 
 
 for food, as besides their sled-loads several abundant deposits were 
 still near them, and a band of eleven deer made their appearance on 
 the river-bank. The time for sealinj^ also was at hand. Hall's own 
 abstinence and anxieties had made him more than usually susceptible 
 to cold, so that he was not surprised to find his face frequently frost- 
 bitten on this journey of less than three miles. Tuk-too, Ar-motCs 
 wife No. 2, drew the frost out by applying the warmth of her hand 
 as often as the bite showed itself Woman-like, she had fallen in the 
 rear of the party, to help him if he should be in need. 
 
 Through the next day and the two which followed, all were com- 
 pletely storm-bound within the igloos, and both the wife of Ou-e-la and 
 Too-koo-li-too's babe, "Little King William," became, as they thought, 
 dangerously ill. Hall treated each case with a dose of phodophyllin 
 and asclepin; and Ou-e-la, who had been fearing now a second time 
 the loss of the companion and guide of his travels, was again happy. 
 
 While snow-bound, Hall learned from him, among other facts 
 belonging to Arctic animal life, that April is the moon for the birth of 
 the young seal ; May for that of the ook-gook and the musk-ox ; June 
 for the deer and the walrus, and July for the eider-duck. He found 
 also that the Innuits make no attempt to domesticate such animals as 
 the wolf or the deer, from the belief that to do so would bring death 
 to the tribe.* He had a curious account of the hardening process 
 applied to the Kin-na-pa-too dogs, who eat very little, and yet keep in 
 good order and do much service. This is said to be in consequence of 
 
 notes : 
 
 'As exceptions to this in individual cases, the two following stories are found in Hall's 
 
 THE TAMED WOLF. 
 
 The mother of Nu-ker-zhoo once captured a very young wolf, of which she took the greatest 
 care, feeding it with the choicest food she could secure, and sharing with it her bed. She hoped 
 it would become a large and powerful animal, and yet remain tractable and more serviceable 
 
 Mi 
 It 
 
 ■)il! »? 
 
 n 
 
 
 fM 
 

 240 
 
 Innuit Traditions. 
 
 lApril, ItMltf. 
 
 their being- fed when young- but once a week, being thus kept very 
 poor ; when lull grown, they endure all manner of hardship and hold 
 their own. The Iwillik people, in hard times, fed their dogs once 
 a week. 
 
 While he was busily writing in the hut, happening to have in his 
 hand a long knife, Oii-e-la told him that the Neitehille men and See- 
 nee men had many such knives, made out of very long, thick, and 
 
 than a dog, iind would catch deer for her. Unfortunately, when it was half grown, the dogs dis- 
 covering that their playmate was a different animal and an enemy, pounced upon him and tore 
 him to pieces. 
 
 THE BEAR STORY. 
 
 [A tradition credited by all the lunuits from above Cumberland Gulf to Hudson's Straits, 
 and from Ig-loo-lik to Chesterfield Inlet. ] 
 
 Many moons ago, an Inuuit woman obtained a polar bear cub but tw or three days old. 
 Having long desired just such a pet, she gave it her closest attention, as though it were a son, 
 nursing it, making for it a soft warm bed alongside her own, and talking to it as a mother does 
 to her child. She had no living relative, and she and the bear occupied the igloo alone. Koon- 
 ik-jooa, as he grew up, proved that the woman had not taught him in vain, for he early began 
 to hunt seals and salmon, bringing them to his mother before eating any himself, and receiving 
 his share from her hands. She always watched from the hill-top for his return, and if she saw 
 that he had been unsuccessful, she begged from her neighbors blubber for his food. She learned 
 how this was from her lookout, for if successful, he came back in the tracks made on going out, 
 but if unsuccessful, always by a different route. Learning to excel the Innuits in hunting, ho 
 excited their envy, and, after long years of faithful service, his death was resolved upon. On 
 hearing this, the old woman, overwhelmed with grief, offered to give up her own life if they 
 would but spare him who had so long supported her. Her offer Avas sternly refused. Upon this, 
 when all his enemies had retired to their igloos, the woman had a long tolk with her son — now 
 well grown in years — telUng him that wicked men were about to kill him, and that the only way 
 to save his life and hers was for him to go off and not return. At the same time she begged him 
 not to go so far that she could not wander off and meet him, and get from him a seal or some- 
 thing else which she might need. The bear, after listening to what she said with tears stream- 
 ing down her furrowed cheeks, gently placed one huge paw on her head, and then throwing both 
 around her neck, said, "Good mother, Eoon-ik-Jooa will always be on the lookout for you and 
 serve you as best he can." Saying this, he took her advice and departed, almost as much to the 
 grief of the children of the village as to the mother. 
 
 Not long after this, being in need of food, she walked out on the sea-ice to see if she could 
 not meet her son, and soon recognized him as one of two bears who were lying down together. 
 He ran to her, and she patted him on the head in her old familiar way, told him her wants, and 
 begged him to hurry away and get something for her. Away ran the bear, and in a few moments 
 the woman looked upon a terrible fight going on between him and his late companion, which, 
 however, to her great relief, was soon ended by her son's dragging a lifeless body to her feet. 
 With her pau-na (long knife) she quickly skinned the dead bear, giving her son large slices of the 
 blubber, and telling him that she would soon return for the meat which she could not at first 
 carry to her igloo, and when her supply should again fail she would come back for his help. This 
 she continued to do for "a long, long time," the faithful bear always serving her and receiving 
 the same unbroken love of his youth. 
 
April, 1866.1 
 
 HaWs Record-Deposit. 
 
 241 
 
 heavy ones found ho know not where. In Hall's mind, those heavy 
 ones were, without douht, obtained from the abaruloned ships of 
 Franklin's Expedition; but ho shows a free readiness to receive such 
 impressions. 
 
 On the 3d, a Record of his work thus far done Avas deposited at the 
 proposed point, the bearings of which were noted from a native stone 
 monument 5 feet in height, and from the oven built by Dr. Rae, Juno 
 23, 1847, for baking with heather the bread described in his Narra- 
 tive. Ou-e-la promised to have care of the cache, and when he should 
 remove to Oog-la-ri-your Island take the Record with him, to secure 
 it from destruction in the summer by any visiting Pelly Bay or 
 Neitchille natives. Parting from Hall next day to go south, he took 
 the friendly word " Ter-hou-e-tie " to be passed to the whaling captains 
 when they should arrive. The Innuits, Hall says, never say farewell. 
 
 The sledges for North Pole River now went forward loaded with 
 heavy stores, and over all these Hall's cutlass, knife, compass, and 
 medical bock. The course was north 50° east. The sled of Oong-oo- 
 too, who, with I-vit-uJc, had now brought two small teams to join the 
 party for a short journey, soon broke down; it was made of poles 
 only, shod as usual with the fine-chopped moss and ice. Its load was 
 placed upon the others and the dogs distributed among their teams 
 A weight of about 500 pounds of whale-blubber and oil in seal-skins 
 was tiien brought out from a deposit found on the road to Ou-e-Ms old 
 igloo, on arriving at which a comfortable meal was made on mtik-tuk; 
 the sledges were unloaded and re-iced. After some ineffectual shots fired 
 into a band of twenty frightened deer, the next halt was made, for build- 
 ing igloos on the ice of Dr. Rae's Christie Lake, lat. 66° 40' 45". The dis- 
 tance made was inconsiderable, but the halt was chiefly for the sake of 
 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -IG 
 
mm 
 
 i'.M 
 
 242 
 
 Au-koo-tinp. 
 
 (April. IN66. 
 
 tho sick cliiUl, jmd the TnmiitH tljeniHolvcs siiid that it was thoir habit 
 to make short days' journoys at tlio firet, extend thoni from time to 
 time, and make great distances toward tho hist. For a gain on tho 
 morrow, as soon as Nu-hcr-zhoo had spent liis half-honr on his ujloo^ ho 
 was sent off five miles up the lake, with a full team, to deposit a sledge 
 load in advance. At (>.3() p. m., a beautiful parhelion appeared 22'^ .5 
 north side of the sun ; it showed prismatic colors : At 7'' 5"'" the sun 
 was disappearing behind the hills on tho west side of tho lake. ]?efore 
 the day closed, Hall noted that a rivulet of an eighth of a mile con- 
 nects the lake with North Pole River, and, uniting two large sheets of 
 water, forms an attractive spot for the deer. Its name is Koon-imo 
 (the deer-pass). 
 
 At this thirty-second encampment,* to his grievous disappoint- 
 ment, he was detained until the 11th of the month by the continued 
 illness of Too-koo-li-too's child. Concentrated medicine adminis- 
 tered for pneumonia did not effect an improvement satisfactory to the 
 mother ; and her Innuit friends very readily took occasion to recom- 
 mend and to practice different forms of their owix healing art by an- 
 hoo-ting. Three somewhat different trials of the art were made. On 
 the 4th, the an-ge-ko put a leather strap around Ebierbing's head while 
 lying on the bed, and when he occasionally pulled on this strap, the head 
 came up, or it remained firmly down though the lifts were hard ; the 
 raising of the head or its remaining steady indicated the different replies 
 to the questions asked as to the future of the babe. On the 7th, the 
 babe's health not having improved, Nu-ker-zhoo, as "a newly-fledged 
 an-ge-ko,^^ entered on his work by putting the strap around the head of 
 one of the women, and while propounding many questions to the Spirit, 
 
 * For tli« route now traveled, see m.qp for Chapter XIII ; the more successful journey uar- 
 ratcd in that chapter beiug on the same route as far as Cape Weynton. 
 
 ■Iff 
 
April, I86a.| 
 
 An-koo-tinff tvith a Stnur. 
 
 243 
 
 bvonj^lu uj) lior lioad only v»lion an uflinnativo rc])ly was made. Tho 
 third (»poration, on tho 8th, is described by Ilall as follows : 
 
 Kn-hrxhoo brought into our if/loo froui ilic land a stouo Avcifihitif; 10 ])oun(ls ; 
 tlion lie inado fast a string o{ ookfiook- skin t«) tli(5 stone, and tlius lio was iu'('i)ar«'d 
 for his witcliiufj worlv. 1 fjot on the bedplatforni, a di'Oid.v-iuten'slcd spei'tator. 
 The persons ju-esent wore Su-kerzlioo, Ar-moiij Mnm-marlc, myself, ICbiorhin};, 
 Too-kooli-too, and their sicilc babe. Except Ar-mou^ who stood on the tloor, all 
 woi'e seated on the platform. The stone with which Xn-ker-xhoo operated, rested 
 on the bed beside him, and the string that encircled tlie stcme was in botii his liands, 
 the hand nearest tlie stone being used as a kind of iiilcrnm as well as for tlie 
 lifting-power. It was by his side, and the string passed just above liis lap to his 
 right hand. The tirst proceedings were for Nti-kerzlioo, on having the string in 
 his hand, as above, to woo or call the Spirit to the stone by calling out ^^At-tcel 
 At-teeP^ many times; lifting each time ou the stone to determine whether tlie 
 Spirit responded. Tlie others ])resent occasionally Joincid in the same (iall. After 
 two or three minutes spent in this way, to the willing eyes of Xuker-zhoo tlie 
 stone, despite of all pulls, became almost immovable by tlie Spirit pulling hard 
 down on it, as tlic poor devotees to this absurd business believe. This was the 
 indication that the Spirit was willing and ready to answer any question that 
 might be proi)osed. If the answer was no, the stone had no more than its natural 
 weight; if yes, then Nu-ker-zhoo labored hard to raise it the least hit. 
 
 The object aimed at on e.acli ^f these occasions was plainly enough 
 indicated by some of the many questions whicli the Spirit answered. 
 These were, "Should the child take any more of Hall's medicines?" 
 and, more pointedly, " Had Too-koo-li-too conformed to the customs 
 of her people in her habits of daily life, food," &c.; or "on what 
 conditions would the child's life be saved?" The answers to such 
 questions as the two first of these were always strongly in the nega- 
 tive; to the third it was, in sub^"*ance, that if the mother should, for 
 the space of five months, give ..^ the use of such articles as bread and 
 tea, or remain with Oii-e-lds people, the child would live; but if the 
 
1 il^s 
 
 ' llf IHlnit: 
 
 1^ 
 
 '&' 
 
 I- 
 
 244 
 
 Too-koo-li-too Obeys the An-ge-lco. 
 
 [April, 1866. 
 
 parents went forward with it to the Neitchille country, one of the three 
 would die. 
 
 So strong had heen the persuasions of the women of the party, 
 and so fully under the power of their people's law were even Ebier- 
 hing- and Too-koo-li-too (although they had lived with Hall both 
 in their own country and in the United States), that during this 
 temporary failure of the power of his medicines, these parents gave 
 themselves fully up to this superstition. His notes show how sin- 
 cerely grieved he was at the risk to which this giving up of medicine 
 was subjecting the child ; how tried in spirit he was at their degrading 
 subjection, and yet how helpless he was to afford relief. Too-koo- 
 li-too, when almost persuaded to let the child again have relief, 
 pleaded that she and her husband would be cursed by the Innuits; 
 and told Hall plainly that if the an-ge-ho were not obeyed they would 
 all desert him. The whole of this matter was still the more trying, 
 because, although there were some singular phenomena for which Hall 
 says he could no more account than for like things in the spirit-rap- 
 pings in his own country, the actions of the an-ge-ko could generally 
 as plainly be seen through as was his object; for on closely watching 
 him, as in the process of the stone-lifting. Hall saw well enough that 
 when the weight was about to be lifted with great difficulty Na-ker-zhoo 
 prepared himself beforehand for a strong pull, and as plainly did the 
 opposite when it suited his purpose. *' What was all this lifting for? 
 To gratify the devil, who has been doing his evil work through the dark 
 benighted minds of this truly savage people." Hall told Too-koo- 
 li-too and Ebierbing that they mu»t not mind the information pretended 
 to be got out of a stone, and confidentially showed them the deception 
 that Nu-ker-zhoo had practiced in lifting it and in the former lifts of the 
 
April, I860.] 
 
 Arrival at Christie Lake. 
 
 245 
 
 heads, notwithstanding which Ebierbing rewarded the an-ge-Jco by 
 getting for him one of Hall's hand-saws and presenting him with his 
 own gun. 
 
 On the 15th the sledge parties amved at the place marked on the 
 map to be found in Chapter XIIT, " Encampment 33 " The mother 
 of the sick babe, " Little King William," had now been persuaded to 
 permit the further "exhibiting" of medicines, and to trust Hall's judg- 
 ment that the child would be in as fair way of recovery if borne in 
 her hood on the sled as if kept in the snow house. The heavier loads 
 being again pushed forward, the parties in charge made their next 
 deposit on the crown of the land a little beyond the end of Christie Lake, 
 and halted here, not knowing the route fui-ther toward Ak-koo-lee — 
 Committee Bay. Mam-marJc was looked to for their guide when they 
 should resume their journey, as she alone knew the northern route. 
 Hall believed that the point reached was the " Flett" land of Dr. Rae; 
 and from this point, if Mam-mark^s guidance failed, he could go for- 
 ward safely by the aid of Rae's chart. At the Lower Narrows many 
 deer had been seen, th" spot being a famous one for the number of 
 these animals, which, while crossing in their season from one sheet of 
 water to the other, are speared by the Innuits from their ki-as. 
 
 In letters written to Mr. Grinnell, Mr. Brevoort, and Captains 
 Chapel, Kilmer, and White, Hall stated with care the places of his 
 record-deposits, and what disposition he desired should be made of 
 them if looked for ; adding that he must be absent from Repulse Bay 
 till the following spring, and perhaps for another year. The records 
 of his work at Repulse Bay would be found, as heretofore named, at 
 the base of Beacon Hill; those which he hoped to make on King 
 
ig 
 
 246 
 
 Man-Lines to Help the Dogs, 
 
 [April, 1866. 
 
 William's Land would be at the points used by Lieutenant McClin- 
 tock in the expedition of the Fox ; ir general, they would be found at 
 the end of a line 25 feet north from stone monuments which ho would 
 build. Oong-oo-too, who was now about to return to Repulse Bay, had 
 special instructions to Ou-e-la to deliver these letters to any whale- 
 ships which should come in ; and he, as well as I-vit-uk, were re- 
 warded for their past services with all the tobacco which could be 
 gathered from Hall's, Nu-ker-zJioo's, Ar-moii's, and Ebierbing's pocl jts. 
 
 On the withdrawal of their teams. Hall was gratified to find that 
 he still had three strong sledges and a team of eighteen dogs including 
 two powerful old ones ; which would be enough for even the three 
 usual daily trips — the advance, with its return, and the forward journey. 
 Making an early start, with the wind and temperature in their favor, 
 after a fair new advance, they made their usual repast on frozen veni- 
 son, slaking their thirst through a hole chiseled 6 feet into the ice, 
 over which the snow lay 18 inches deep. Having here an ascent to 
 overcome, " man-lines " were prepared from ook-gook skin for harness- 
 ing helpers to the dogs ; these were made fast to one of the sledge 
 cross-bars, and as near the stern as possible, and were long enough to 
 harness a man on each side of the head of the sled. Poth Mam-mark 
 and Nu-ker-zhoo having forgotten at this point the northern route taken 
 by them twelve yeai's before. Hall chose the left of two routes open- 
 ing toward Felly Bay, believing that this was Dr. llae's route. On 
 the 13th, kept within their huts by a gale, the day was spent by the In- 
 Innuits feasting and playing dominoes ; in the evening Hall had renewed 
 conversations with Nu-keir-zhoo and his wife about Franklin's Expedition. 
 
 Delays increased. But little disposition was now found among 
 the Innuits, or even in Ebierbing, to push on to King William's Land. 
 
 m^ 
 
April, t866.J 
 
 Delays. 
 
 247 
 
 They feared that they would find no reindeer there, and that if they 
 readied the place they would be compelled to return to Pelly Bay for 
 the winter. Hall encouraged them to believe that they would be 
 among a number of natives, and would find suflficient provision; but as 
 no one of them could appreciate his chief object, he could gain upon them 
 only by alternately showing determined resolve and next pei'suasion — 
 the latter was of necessity the usual course. Ho resolved on spendiug 
 as little time as possible in making astronomical observations or in 
 writing. His notes of the day contain the expression of a purpose, that if 
 even all the Innuits deserted him, he would go on with a sledge-team 
 by himself; for he never could return to his country without accom- 
 plishing something of the objects for which he had left his home. 
 It may be remarked, in passing, that the sincerity of this record is 
 confirmed by the fact that he not only might have returned in one of 
 the whalers during the previous summer, but that he had been apprised 
 by his friend Mr. Grinnell of the willingness of Captain Chapel now to 
 look him up in Repulse Bay and bring him back. 
 
 On the 14tli he could easilv have made ten miles had Nu-ker- 
 zhoo and Ebierbing been any other than Innuits. In the nij.'ht, how- 
 ever, these friends proved their value in another way — by saving the 
 dogs, his northern camels. Plunging, though unarmed witli even a 
 knife, into a pack of twenty-five devouring wolves, they frightened 
 them off by shouts ; more t^ian once the furious animals formed in line 
 for a new attack. Delayed until 10 a. m. of the following morning by 
 this night-watch against the wolves and by Nii-her-zliod's renewing his 
 an-koo-ting for Little King William, the sledges at last started forward, 
 and made better progress through the day, although the wind fresh- 
 ened to a gale from the north, and the run was made more difficult 
 
 ll:.\-' I, 
 
 m 
 
248 
 
 An-Tioo-ting for the Babe Menewed. 
 
 [April, 1866. 
 
 imI 
 
 by the recent fall of snow. At times, the teams were doubled up to 
 ascend the hill, the change reqviiring but half a minute. When one 
 of the drivers was found nearly exhausted by his peculiar Iimuit 
 urging of his dogs, Hall drove his team and gave him a small swig of 
 Bourb<^n ; and by extending the gift later in the day to the other men, 
 gained their willing travel of an additional hour. While passing over 
 one of the lakes, She-nuk-shoo picked up a mass of reindeer-hair with a 
 piece of the skin having fresh blood on it — a mark of the work of 
 some of the very numerous wolves, whose tracks were all along the 
 route. The thirty-fourth encampment was made at 4.47 p. m., the 
 wind blowing a gale and the snow flying thickly. While they were 
 building igloos, Hall himself succeeded in chiseling in thirty-five min- 
 utes through ice 6 feet thick, and in one hour slaked his great thirst 
 with " four quarts of glorious water." On their way they had passed 
 the grave of the unfortunate Ar-too-a, who, as has been before noted, 
 had been drowned in the lake the preceding suuimer. The course 
 during the day had been north 53° east, and the rate of travel had 
 averaged two and a half miles an hour. Where they halted, a great 
 number of Innuit stone-marks were found, set up to direct the bands 
 of migrating deer across a narrow channel of the lake passed over. 
 At night another furious wolf-attack was repelled. 
 
 A new and tedious delay began on the 15th. The mother of the 
 sick child, alarmed by its much-changed looks, again summoned her 
 friends, and Nu-ker-zhoo renewed his an-koo-ting, beginning this time 
 by a solemn march with Ebierbing's double-barreled gun in hand, 
 and uttering for some fifteen minutes along the passage-way the most 
 vociferous cries. Within the igloo, on the full renewal of the stone- 
 lifting feat, the replies of the Spirit through the an-ge-ko to the dis- 
 
 i-l 
 
April, 1866. 
 
 The Babe Given Aivay. 
 
 249 
 
 tressed mother were positive that the child would live ; and her belief 
 in this was confirmed by its temporary revival from what had seemed 
 to Hall when he looked on it in her hood, to be the presence of actual 
 death. The confidence of the parents in his judgment, he thought, how- 
 ever, was weakened by their remembering his having given them hope 
 of the life of their child Too-ke-U-Jce-ta (the Butterfly) not long before it 
 died in New York '" 1863. The an-ge-Jco renewed his positive assvirances 
 by the answers from the lifted head of the girl, TooJc-too, after he had 
 completed his work with the stone. Two days after, the mother, in 
 her despair and professed willingness to do anything to save life, pro- 
 posed to fall in with the custom practiced by her own people of Cum- 
 berland Inlet, which is, in such cases of extremity, to save life hi/ giving 
 away the child to another person. Her own immediate connections on 
 the inlet had been unfortunate in the loss of their children, but she 
 remembered and related several cases in which, as her people thought, 
 health had been in this way certainly restored. Whether it was by 
 request or not does not appear, but Nu-ker-zhods wife came to the 
 igloo the same evening, and was witness to the clear answers through 
 the again lifted head of Took-too that the babe must be given away the 
 next morning. Too-koo-li-too had taken full share in the feat of the 
 evening, contributing a peculiar wood-button to the an-ge-ko, who 
 threw it rapidly down, first on one side and then on the other of Took- 
 tod's head, dashing it finally against the igloo wall ; and she gave 
 up the babe the next morning to the woman who had consented to 
 receive it from her before the an-koo-ting began ; but, a day or two 
 after, on Hall's telling Nii-ker-zhoo boldly and with fire in his words 
 that the child must go back, another an-koo-ting restored it. The 
 mother had suflFcred, too, for want of her babe at the breast, and the 
 
 i] 
 
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 &;:i: 
 
 if 
 
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 ii 
 
 IM 
 
 f'i 
 
 If! ( 
 
 ii 
 
 iifi' 
 
 s^ 
 
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 1 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
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 U 
 
 '' "' '" 
 
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 250 
 
 Uncertainty as to the lloute. 
 
 [April, X866. 
 
 child had no nourishment except a piece of raw meat to suck. With 
 but one exception, however, entreaties to resume the administering of 
 medicine were refused up to the day of its release from its sufferings. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th, Ebierbing and Hall climbed a hill 
 300 feet above the lake, but were shut out from any clear sight of the 
 sea to the north by the thickly-flying snow; they thought that through 
 the spy-glass they could obscurely make out sea-ice. All along their 
 route, tracks of the musk-ox were now plainly recognized by their 
 stand-droppings, so much larger than those of the deer ; reindeer were 
 seen, but the travelers had no weapons with them but long knives. 
 The view from the hill took in lakelets in every direction ; the one on 
 which they were encamped, was three-fourths of a mile in length, with an 
 arm on the other side of the hill that seemed to extend itself to the sea; 
 while the number of the lakes made it more difficult than ever to deter- 
 mine whether they were really upon Dr. Rae's old route. Hall thought 
 that a dozen different routes might be followed from Christie Lake to 
 the Sea of Ak-koo-lee. 
 
 On his return from the hill, he found that a puppy had capsized 
 his artificial horizon, spilling all the mercury, and Mani-mark had not 
 much improved the matter by gathering it from the snow into a tin 
 dish. Provoking as this was, he had to make the best of it, as a few 
 days before he had done when the dogs fell to fighting while he was 
 taking his meridian observations — the dogs, in the muss, knocking the 
 horizon over and over. Such annoyances and worse ones, not unfre- 
 quently occurring, he wished all the dogs in "Tophet"; yet he writes, 
 they " are a blessing to an Arctic traveler. I hope some day to have 
 their aid in getting to the North Pole." 
 
 On the 17th, another day was forced from him for rest by the 
 
 wm^ 
 
April, 1866.] 
 
 Tlie Sledge Capsized to Stop the Dogs. 
 
 251 
 
 Innuits. Eighteen days had now passed without making an advance 
 of more than thirty- two miles to his present position, lat. 67° 4' N. ; 
 but such deUiys as had been necessary on the score of humanity were 
 not regretted. During this day, Ebierbing, who had seen Hall's tooth- 
 pullers and heard him describe lancing the gums, drew out one of his 
 own three-pronged molars, bleeding himself profusely by his four trials. 
 On Hall's looking over his instruments, and taking out with them a 
 couple of combination knife-fork-and-spoon articles. Mam-mark who 
 saw them, told him that she had seen among the Innuits at Pelly Bay 
 many forks, all of the same silver-like look, as well as many watches 
 and chains. 
 
 The day following, all the men, women, and children were break- 
 fasted on bread and coffee; they once more made a start, the travel 
 averaging two miles per hour, and by four o'clock, with difficulty, 
 arrived at a place within two miles of the sea. While going down the 
 hill to Salt Lake, the descent being at an angle of about 4.5°, and the 
 loads heavy, all the dogs were detached and the sledges let go on their 
 own hook. A little further on. Hall's sledge fell behind, the runners 
 dragging heavily. In order to renew the shoeing, his driver and him- 
 self filled their mouths with snow-water, which would again freeze 
 while they were putting it on ; but She-nuk-shoo grunting out that he 
 would lose his mouthful if even he cried out to the dogs to stop, they 
 capsized the sledge to stop them. Five minutes later they were gliding 
 over the snow as if over glass. A different kind of grunting, took-too- 
 like, made by Nu-ker-zhoo, kept a band of deer following the sledge so 
 closely for more than two miles that their eyes were plainly seen when 
 they stopped to stare. He kept up with Hall, yet took time to make 
 several shots, and killed a fine buck. 
 
 '■'Mi 
 
 11 
 
 mi 
 
252 
 
 Arrival at Cape Lady Pelly. 
 
 [April, 1866. 
 
 
 i , ■ 
 
 
 By the 1 9tli of tlio montli, Hall had struck the rough ice of the sea of 
 Ak-koo-lee, and, passing over one of its small arms, made his encamp- 
 ment upon it. On the 20tli, he measured a rough lunar distance to test 
 the correctness of his dates, and confirmed them by comparison of this 
 measurement with those given in the Nautical Almanac; he was unable 
 to make any further advance on this day. The first headland met on 
 resuming the journey on the 21st was a projecting point 100 feet in 
 height. On the 22d, by meridian observations, he determined his lati- 
 tude, and by comparison of four chronometers found his longitude to 
 agree within 11' of that given on Dr. Rae's chart; the latitude agreed 
 very well for the relative situations of Cape Lady Pelly and Point 
 Hargrave. Making an effort to push his advance parties forward by 
 longer journeys, of at least 25 miles per day, by saving the time 
 usually spent in loading up and in building igloos, on the 23d he 
 reached Cape Lady Pelly, and halted to discover how he might get 
 round the point, as the ice was exceedingly rough. "Jagged and 
 broken granite stones are in plenty here, where I suppose Dr. Rae 
 made his advance deposits in 1854." 
 
 The land a little further on was found to be very low, forming an 
 inclined plane to the coast, interrupted by a short highland one mile 
 distant from and parallel with it. As far as to Point Swanton, the 
 coast-line was afterward found so low that it was difficult to tell whether 
 they were on sea-ice or land ; the travel was upon the ice-foot, whicli 
 was from 10 to 30 yards wide, on the outside of which were heavy 
 masses of very rough ice from 50 to 200 yards in width, while the sea 
 itself was covered with solid pack-ice. On the 24th two deer, shot by 
 Ebierbing and Ar-mou with Hall's favorite rifle, were added to the 
 loads on the sleds. The older one had antlers 18 inches long, which, 
 
April, 1866.1 
 
 Fast Driving. 
 
 253 
 
 being a female, she had not shed. She was found with young the size 
 of a rabbit; this the Innuits forbade to bo taken from her. Partridges 
 white as snow, rabbits, and a number of snow-birds were seen. On the 
 25th they halted on the ice, in three igloos, and Hall congratulated him- 
 self that he had that day advanced the whole company and stores 17 
 miles; to accomplish which, however, he had made 60 miles, taking 
 in all the advance and return trips necessary for forwarding the stores. 
 
 But the next two days were again lost. The Innuits pleaded that 
 they must go on a musk-ox hunt, and on Hall's consenting to this for 
 one day, they next pleaded that the first day of halt must be one of 
 rest. On the day following, they failed in their hunt, and would not 
 turn aside to secure the deer which were close by. Hall, not willing 
 to be unoccupied, made a side journey to bring up his deposits ; but 
 he was obliged to take the reins into his own hands from the im- 
 petuosity of his young driver, She-nuk-shoo, who had whipped the 
 dogs so incessantly as to keep them jumping over one another, so 
 that in five minutes the lines became woven and interwoven up to 
 the heels of the hindmost dogs — a very unusual occurrence. With 
 much less whipping. Hall secured as fair speed. On the next day 
 he worked up his observations and obtained from his men the prom- 
 ise of greater haste. Nu-her-zhoo told him they ought to reach Pelly 
 Bay, still 80 miles distant, in three days. 
 
 On the 27tli, the fresh provisions being nearly exhausted, the 
 whole party breakfasted on cofl:ee and pemmican; at a late hour, only 
 a load of stores was pushed forward by Ebierbing and Nu-kcr-nhoo. 
 Returning at 10.30 p. m., Ebierbing reported that these had been 
 deposited at a point which, as well as he could make it out by Dr. 
 Rae's chart, was close by Cape Weynton, on the south side of Colvile 
 
 IV I'll 
 
 3 ;i' 
 
 
 
 m 
 
254 
 
 Feeding the Dor/s. 
 
 [April, isee. 
 
 fip, ,« 
 
 Bay. Hall was hero forced to renionibor that Dr. Rae in 1854 had made 
 the same journey from Fort Hope in five days, his i)arty dragg'ing- 
 their own provisions without even the aid of a dog. It had now cost 
 himself twenty-eight days with the help of his teams. All the Innuits 
 believed, however, that Rao must have found the ice on the sea of 
 Ak-koo-lee much smoother, or it would have been impossible for him to 
 travel so far out from the coast-line. 
 
 The dogs not having been fed for five days, a 40-pound piece of 
 whale-beef was now cut up and buttered for them with oohfjook blub- 
 ber and seal-oil. They were then put in one by one into an abandoned 
 igho, while Mammark stood inside, club in hand, to beat off all but the 
 one to be fed, and to pound him out when Hall had fed him. A short 
 time before, Ar-mou had nearly killed one of his best dogs by throw- 
 ing a hatchet at him for stealing, and to recover this hatchet which 
 had been left behind, and a wood-button used by the an-r/e-ko, had 
 cost Hall some of the provoking delays of the journey. 
 
 On the 28th no advance was made. The march would have been 
 resumed northward and westward despite of a severe gale, but Too- 
 koo-li-too was entirely broken down by the continued watching of her 
 child. After a seiious talk with both parents, they once more per- 
 mitted it to take medicine while in an epileptic fit — "two drops of 
 viratum viride and one-half grain of asclepin." The day following, 
 the wind being fresh from north-northwest and the temperature 40° 
 below freezing-point, three miles per hour (two and a half on direct 
 course) were made within the hours from 9.40 a. m. to 6.20 p. m., two 
 stoppages being needed to disentangle the dog-lines. Two small 
 streams were passed, which emptied into the sea of Ak-koo-lee. The 
 travel was mostly on the coast-line ice, the coast itself and the hilly 
 
] 
 
 i 
 
 ] 
 
 April, isao.j Mecthiff ivith Natives from Pelly Bay. 255 
 
 land running partiUel with it being a plain lowland of from half a 
 a mile to one mile in width. Capo Woynton was soon on their lar- 
 board beam, bearing due west, and distant half a mile. The cape is 
 not more than 50 feet in height. 
 
 A new era in the history of this sledge journey now opened. As- 
 cending a berg 30 feet above the level of a floe to prospect the best 
 route across Colvile Bay, Hall, with Ar-mou and She-nuk-shoo, caught 
 sight of four strange Innuits who appeared to be sealing some three 
 miles to the northeast. The sight occasioned some excitement, for, 
 while there was every reason to establish friendly intercourse with 
 these men, in order to obtain further information bearing upon the 
 main objects of his expedition, Hall had his apprehension that if these 
 should prove to be See-neem-e-utes, he would need to be cautious in 
 every movement. He quickly unloaded one sledge and sent it back, 
 with all the dogs, to hasten up the rest of his party ; they amved at 2 
 p. m. But Nu-ker-^hoo, watching with a spy-glass the movements of 
 these strange Innuits, felt sure that he recognized old friends. Hall's 
 party going forward, therefore, arrived at 9.50 p. m. (sunset), at the 
 snow village of the strangers, and made their fortieth encampment 
 alongside of them on the ice of the sea, three miles from the coast and 
 near Cape Beaufort. The next morning, no sooner was Hall's igloo 
 unsealed than it was filled with new faces. 
 
 Kok-Iee-arng-niin, their head man, shoAved two spoons which had been 
 given to him by Ag-loo-ka (Crozier), one of them having the initials F. 
 R. M. C. stamped upon it. His wife, Koo-narny, had a silver watch-ease. 
 This opened up the way for immediate inquiries. Through Too-koo-li- 
 too who as usual soon proved a good intrepreter, it was learned that 
 these Innuits had been at one time on board of the ships of Too-loo-ark, 
 
 ma 
 
 ■'I t 
 
 
 iijUy 
 
256 
 
 Franklin and Crozier Described. 
 
 [April, 1860. 
 
 Hii* 
 
 l\ 
 
 if I; 
 
 ! 
 
 (tho great Esh-c-mut-ta, Sir John Frnnklin), and Imd tlieir tupilcs on tlio 
 ice alongside of liini during tho spring and summer. They Hj)oko of 
 one ship not far from Ook-kee-bee-jce-hia (Polly Bay), and two to tho 
 westward of Neit-tee-lik, near Ook-goo-lik. Kok-lee-arng-nUn was ** a 
 big boy when very many men from the ships hunted took-too. They 
 had guns, and knives Avith long handles, and some of their party hunted 
 the took-too on tho ice ; killing so many that they made a line across tho 
 whole bay of Ook-goo-lik." The Pelly Bay men described the Esh-c- 
 mut-ta as an old man with broad shoulders, thick and heavier set than 
 Hall, with gray hair, full face, and bald head. He Avas always wear- 
 ing something over his eyes (spectacles, as Too-koo-li-too intoipreted 
 it), was quite lame, and appeared sick when they last saw him. Ho 
 was ver}'- kind to the Innuits; — always wanting them to eat something. 
 Ag-loo-ka (Crozier) and another man would go and do everything that 
 Too-loo-ark told them, just like boys ; he was a very cheerful man, 
 always laughing ; everybody liked him — all the koh-hi-nas and all tho 
 Innuits. Kok-lee-arng-nUn showed how Too-loo-ark and Ag-loo-ka used 
 to meet him. They would take hold of his hand, giving it a few warm 
 and friendly shakes, and Too-loo-ark would say, '^Ma-my-too-mig-teg-ma" 
 Ag-loo-ka^s hand-shaking was short and jerky, and he would only say, 
 ^^Man-nig-too-me." "After the first summer and first winter, they saw 
 no more of Too-loo-ark; then Ag-loo-ka (Crozier) Avas the Esh-e-mut-ta" 
 The old man and his wife agreed in saying that the ship on board 
 of which they had often seen Too-loo-ark was overwhelmed with heavy 
 ice in the spring of the year. While the ice was slowly crushing it, 
 the men all worked for their lives in getting out provisions; but, before 
 they could save much, the ice turned the vessel down on its side, 
 crushing the masts and breaking a hole in her bottom and so over- 
 
April, INttfl. 
 
 Reported Visits by Innuits to Fmnlditi's Ships. 
 
 257 
 
 whelming her that hIio sank at once, and had never been seen again. 
 Several men at work in her could not get out in time, and were carried 
 down with her and drowned. " On this account Ay-loo-ka's company 
 had died of starvation, lor they had not time to get the provisions out 
 of her." Ag-loo-ka and one other white man — the latter called ^^Nar- 
 tar,^' a pee-ee-tu (steward) — started and went toward Oot-koo-ish-ee-lee 
 (Great Fish or Back's River), Saying they were going there on their 
 way home. That was the last they saw of them, but heard of them 
 some time after from a Kin-na-pa-too, who said he and liis people 
 heard shots or reports of gun** of strangers somewhere near Chester- 
 field Inlet. On getting the Innuits to try to pronounce the word 
 " doctor," they invariably said ** nar-tar." This made Hall think that 
 the white man with Ag-loo-ka was some one called "doctor" — perhaps 
 Surgeon Macdonald, of Franklin's ship, the Erebus. 
 
 The other ship spoken of as seen near Ook-goo-Hk was in com- 
 plete order, having three masts and four boats hanging at the davits — 
 whale-ship like. For a long time the Innuits feared to go on board ; 
 but on the report by one of them that he had seen one man on the 
 vessel alive, many of the natives visited it, but saw nothing of the 
 man. They then rummaged everywhere, taking for themselves what 
 they wanted, and throwing overboard guns, powder, ball, and shot. 
 
 At an interview with the mother of Too-shoo-art-tJiar-iu whose son 
 saw Ag-loo-ka (Crozier) on the island of Ook-goo-lik, Hall was told 
 that during the previous summer or winter, the Innuits of Ook-goo-lik 
 had found two boats with dead koh-lu-nas in them — the boats on 
 sledges ; and that In-nook-poozh-e-jook had one of them. 
 
 The several interviews from which the accounts here given have 
 been colh-.ted were deeply interesting to Hall. They were held in the 
 
 i?l 
 
 ,M 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -17 
 
 ■iff 
 
 
i5 
 
 25.S 
 
 iJiscouraf/hiff News. 
 
 I April, IM(i«. 
 
 m 
 
 III 
 
 S 1 ; !' 
 
 presence of his two steadfast friends as interpreters, and of other 
 Inmiits, and the news was conimnnicated with a})parent trnthfuhiess. 
 He says of the chief that he seemed an honest old fellow, delighted 
 with his new koh-lu-na friend, and frequently and cordially 
 calling ont to him, ^'3Ian-)nf/-too-me.^^* The Franklin relics 
 obtained from liim included a mahogany hrtiometer-case, 
 spoons, forks, and a number of other small articles.f 
 
 But other news received from these strangers was any- 
 thing but gratifying. It 
 effectually ban-ed further 
 progress to King Will- 
 liam's Land for the year 
 1866. The first words to 
 Nu-ker-^hoo, Mammark, and 
 Ar-mou told the loss of 
 their friends and relatives 
 some years before by starv- 
 ation, murder, anu canni- 
 balism. This was followed 
 by such accounts of the 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 FliANKI.lN KKI.ICS WITH HALI/h PENHO. 
 
 dangers awaiting them if 
 
 they Avent on to Pelly Bay and Ook-goo-lik, as to throw a damper on the 
 ^^■h()le party except Hall himself. The old chief said that a very old and 
 infirm man on removing to Ook-goo-lik had been immediately nuir- 
 dercd with his whole family ; that very i-ecently there had been fights 
 among the Neit-tee-lik Innuits for a woman, and one of them had been 
 
 *Tlit' iiipauing of this word is not given hy Hull ; nor is that ."Ma-my-too-niifr-toy-niud). iJoii. ) 
 t Afterward donated liy Hall to the Smithsonian Iimtitnti<ni. and in 1H7C jilaeed for the 
 United States Naval Ohservatory in their Aretic exliiblt in the Goveniment building ut the Cen- 
 tennial Exhibition, I'hiladelphia. 
 
April, IS6«. 
 
 Discoumifhiff News. 
 
 251) 
 
 killed to get his wife ; that some of the 1\ ' ^ 'iay natives who were 
 without wives, and v/ho were being aided hy the friends in their 
 attempts to steal wives from their hushands, would certainly cany off 
 Mam-mark ; and that he himself was leaving his own country for Re- 
 pulse Bay through fear especially 
 of the See-nee-mee-utes. He added 
 that he had given this information 
 chiefly because of his friendship 
 in paait times for the parents of 
 Ou-e-la, Nii-k&r-zhoo, and others, 
 and his promise to keep a good look 
 out for any of their children, if 
 he should ever find them anywhere 
 near the See-nee-me-utes. Three 
 men of Kok-lee-arng-nun^s party, one 
 by one confirmed all that their 
 chief had said of the bad state of 
 affairs among the natives northward silvkkfokk ANnspooNHfFKAXKUNiiKi.Ks). 
 and westward, and added that since a recent fight about a deposit, 
 in which the See-nee-mee-utes had lost two men by the Neit-tee-liks, 
 they were burning to wreak vengeance on somebody. 
 
 Two of these Pelly ]5ay men told of their own visit, two years 
 before, to Ki-ki-tung ing William's Land), on which they had 
 remained a short time. I'hey pointed out on Rae's chart exactly the 
 course they took in going and returning direct from the upper part of 
 Pelly Bay overland to Spence Bay, and thence across the ice to Ki-ki- 
 tung, passing the south point of Matty Island, and thence northwest ; — 
 for sealing. When Ilall questioned these two men as to any ships 
 
 iMlkahi. 
 
rT 
 
 260 
 
 The Pelhj Bay Natives Unfriendly. 
 
 (April, 1866. 
 
 ;3ii 
 
 having been seen on the north or west of Ki-ki-tung, they pointed 
 again on Rae's chart to Cape Victoria, and said that, a few years before, 
 many Innuits had seen a ship near there from which koh-lu-nas and 
 sledges had come down from the south. 
 
 This information was again interesting, but its communication was 
 soon foUoAved by some acts of the new-comers themselves toward 
 Hall's people, which not only decided but hastened his setting out 
 on the return for Repulse Bay. They seemed to have easily intimi- 
 dated Ebierbing, Nu-Tcer-zhoo, and others; getting from them some of 
 thei' best dogs, weapons, and tools, and, a day or two after, inviting 
 them to plays — boxing, wrestling, and knife-testing — an invitation from 
 which Hall dissuaded them at the advice of Too-koo-li-too, who said 
 there was danger of fighting and murder. She had been made 
 aware of their custom of introducing a short, sharp-pointed bone inside 
 of their mittens, so that, when boxing with these, they may strike a 
 Repulse Bay native, if possible, on the side of the head near the 
 eye ; — a deathblow struck in play. They then proceeded to carry out a 
 grand an-koot-ing, in the course of which their an-ge-ho gave a reply 
 from the Spirit that Too-koo-li-too's sick babe should be given to 
 them : a ruse, as Hall notes, to obtain further gifts. He came un- 
 willingly to' the conclusion that his own party lacked the nerve needed 
 for any risk which might occur in going forward, although Nu-ker-zhoo 
 had for himself protested that he was not afraid. With a sad heart, 
 "disappointed but not discouraged," he prepared for his return; yet 
 making the resolve that he would endeavor, in the following year, to 
 organize a party of four or five white men, with whom, together with 
 Ar-mou, Nurker-zhoo, and Ebierbing, he would again come over this 
 route and reach King William's Land. For that journey he would 
 

 may, J 866.1 
 
 Hall Compelled to Return. 
 
 261 
 
 now make a deposit of expedition stores at Cape Weynton. His notes 
 of this day contain these words : '* Thanks be to God, I have yet the 
 heart to persevere in wliat I have taken upon myself to do : to reach 
 King- William's Land, and there finish the mission that I am on. Ob- 
 stacle after obstacle has yet to be overcome before I shall triumph, 
 but by the aid of High Heaven I will yet succeed." 
 
 The RETURN JOURNEY could be expected to bring but little of 
 special interest or of an experience diifering from that so recently 
 passed through ; the route followed, as will appear by the map (Chap- 
 ter XIII), was nearly the same; the Pelly Bay men traveled in Hall's 
 company until the lUth of the month, and then fell back to repair 
 damages to their sleds. On the 5th, both companies made their start 
 for Repulse Bay, presenting a singular and grotesque appearance with 
 all their sledges, teams of dogs, men, women, and children ; the latter, 
 of all ages and sizes, from infants in hoods to half-grown boys and 
 girls. The sledge now driven by Nu-ker-zhoo was a relic of Sir 
 John Ross's vessel, the Victory; the runners, about 12 feet in length, 
 being made of a part of one of her masts which had been found, many 
 years, ago in the ice near the entrance to Pelly Bay. 
 
 The day following, the stores for the next proposed journey to 
 King William's Land were deposited in two places close to Cape Weyn- 
 ton, the second deposit being that of a large trunk at a point near a 
 cache once made by Dr. Rae ; an accurate list of all these stores appears 
 in the notes. A tent given to Hall by Captain Kilmer of the Black 
 Eagle, was spread over the articles, and then ponderous stones were 
 piled above, and the bearings of the two deposits from prominent 
 neighboring points carefully recorded. While making these caches, 
 
w 
 
 2(;2 
 
 The Journey Back to Fort Hope. 
 
 [Mnr, IN66. 
 
 ii vvatoi* sVy was clenrly seen l)y all the company nnderneath tlie dark 
 nimbus clouds, East Northeast. 
 
 The traveling on the 7th was under the disadvantage of a snow- 
 sqnall, which overtook them at noon. The lead was taken by 
 the Pell}'^ Bay natives. As soon as Hall came up with old Kok-lee- 
 arng-nun (a cripple), he took him and Too-koo-li-too on his own 
 sledge, and walked by their side. Too-koo-li-too had with her as 
 gifts from the strange natives, two pairs of scissors, a cap-box, and 
 some shot that came from Ross's Victory, done up in the skin of a 
 deer's heart. The distance made before 2.15 p. m. was almost the 
 same with that of the 30th of Apiil on going up. A i)rominent group 
 of hills, called Kig-loo-a-te, was seen bearing south 72° west from the 
 forty-third encampment, and other high land called Shoung-noo-gua 
 to the northwest ; a ravine divides the two. The high land extends 
 back nearly a mile from the low coast. The temperature was now 
 nuich higher; the thermometer, hanging on the shady side of the sledge 
 and affected by reflection, read 3G°. All day, the snow was deep and 
 soft, and the ice completely worn off from the shoeing of the sledges, 
 so that scjircely two miles an hour on the average could be made. 
 
 The coast-line was more closely followed on the travel of the 8th 
 and Dtli, and was found to be very irregular and generally low. At 
 one point a ridge composed of sand, clay, and shingle only 4J feet in 
 heiffht looked to those traveling on the sea-ice "like a considerable 
 mount." From Cape Weynton to Cape Lady Pelly, this low land, 
 mostly consisting of frozen mud, was without snow, and appeared 
 to have been so through the winter; some patches having thawed, 
 forming soft mud. In the frozen mud were many fossils, of which 
 Ar-moii brought in from his took-too hunt a fine lot, and the wife of the 
 
I m 
 
 nay, istm. 
 
 Killivfi Moniiofs. 
 
 268 
 
 «»l(l cliief eni|)tio(l out on tlio sled a imnil)or from lier full mittens; IImU 
 had instructed all tlio Imuiits to briu<^ to him all cunous-lookin{^ 
 things whenever they siiw them. 
 
 Jjittle provision remained on hand. lie gave out his uni)alatable 
 damaged Marshall sauaage-meat for breakfast, and, while he ate of the 
 same food, he was glad to find that his plan succeeded, for a couple of the 
 unwilling Innuits now })romptly started off for took-too. He gives a racy 
 account of the taking of some six-ics (marmots). Kbierbing, while 
 the Felly Bay Innuits intensely watched him, three times in succession 
 missed tho little animal, though using Hall's best rifle. The creature 
 sat by his hole without fright all the time, except at the first shot 
 when it went into his hole, but was quickly out again. At another 
 hunt, Nu-Jccr-<hoo, Ebierbing, and ylr-moii were all out with rifles; but, 
 after their firing three shots, six-y darted into his hole and was in- 
 stantly out again; one minute later, another shot, and six-i/ was again 
 out, as if saying "Kill me, if you can." The Pelly Bay natives laughed 
 at the weapons used; for with a simple string having a slip-noose — 
 sometimes made of the end of a whip-lash — they readily caught a 
 number of these little animals, one of which made a good meal for 
 a man. Sec-jmny-er, one of the Pelly Bay men, came in at midday on 
 the Dth, and, sticking his thumb and fingers straight out, showed 
 his answer to the question how many he had killed and the bites 
 he had received. The wife of Koli-he-arrtg-nhn also showed three 
 six-ics slung on her back; she had caught them b a "sli])-a- 
 noose" at their holes. But the stock of provision" is still short; 
 the company at times could take but one meal a day, with the 
 addition of a small bit of whale-beef, the dog-food. A crow which 
 had come very close to the traveling party escaped lioth the dogs and 
 
i 
 
 ii 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 ' ■■ ; 
 
 1 
 
 Bin 
 
 i 
 
 ''■■ 
 
 '■'..'. 
 
 If; 
 
 ft 
 
 I 
 
 264 
 
 Fossils in the Clay and Sand- Hills. 
 
 [niwr, 1866. 
 
 rifle-shots. An owl had the same happy deliverance, but a few part- 
 ridges were secured. At night in the Icom-morig — penimican-soup, with 
 liorden biscuit, refreshed all except Too-koo-li-too, who, on account of 
 her sick child, was allowed by her superstitious friends to eat bread 
 only. 
 
 On the two days that followed, success in the deer-hunt re-sup- 
 plied the company with fresh meat, and the dogs received something, 
 although but little and that of "not much more account than sawdust- 
 pudding"; the supply for seventeen animals being only two door- 
 paunches. But they had stolen seal-blubber and whale-meat from the 
 sledges while they were loading up, in spite of unmerciful poundings 
 with big sticks and clubs. 
 
 On the 11th, when the party came near Rae's "Point Hargrave," 
 Hall left the sledges, and ascending the point, found its height to be 
 about 75 feet above the level of the sea, and that it was a hill of 
 rock (granite and gneiss, as Rae has recorded it), having on its eastern 
 side a small inclined plane leading from the coast up to a gap on the 
 ridge. From the top of the hill, Cape Lady Pelly and the land on the 
 east side of the sea of Ak-koo-lee were plainly visible. At 7.15 p. m., 
 having made scarcely more than a mile an hour on a course south- 
 west from this point, he rested for the night, making his forty-fifth 
 encampment on a sand-plain covered with very dirty snow. The after- 
 noon route had been one of perplexing difficulties in making any head- 
 way with the loaded sledges, but the discovery of clay and sand liills 
 of a most interesting character, containing stores of valuable fossils of 
 innumerable kinds, well repaid him for the outlay of human and dog 
 muscle that had been expended in getting through the labyrinth of 
 this "mud and fossil city," as he hastily called the place. On getting 
 
Iff 
 
 
 Mar. 1806.) 
 
 Death of Too-koo-Ii-tod's Babe. 
 
 265 
 
 through these fossil hills and returning to his igloo, ho found that 
 Nu-ker-zlioo had put within it all the deer he had killed; a most kindly- 
 act, done without even a hint. It was another gratification to learn 
 that his own black dog had added eight pups to their live stock. 
 
 On the 13th, the long-expected death of Too-koo-li-too's child. 
 Little King William, took place. The almost distracted mother, the 
 moment she found that it was really dead, rushed out of the igloo, 
 pressing the dead baby to her bosom and pouring out her soul's deep 
 grief. Her leaving the igloo so quickly was in accordance with Innuit 
 custom ; for if this is not done when any one dies in it, everything 
 within becomes worthless. In this case it was considered that the 
 mother went out soon enough, so that the bedding and everything 
 else need not be thrown away. In ten minutes she returned and 
 took her seat on the bed-platform, grieving for a very long time as a 
 loving mother only grieves. At length she was persuaded by Mam- 
 mark to let the dead babe be taken from her bosom and wrapped 
 in a small furred took-too skin. Mam-mark insisted that, according 
 to the custom of her people, the remains must be buried at once ; 
 but, on Hall's remonstrating and urging that tliey should be kept till 
 at least the next day, a compromise was made, and the child that died 
 at 25 minutes past 1 p. m. was buried at 6.30. The remains had 
 been dressed in a suit of young took-too furs, made by the mother the 
 winter before They were now wrapped in a blanket of took-too skin 
 of long fur, tied with thongs, and having a loop in it to go over the 
 neck of the mother, who must carry the corpse. A hole having been 
 cut through the wall of the igloo for the procession of four persons in 
 single file, Hull, Mam-mark, the bereft mother with the babe suspended 
 from her neck, and the father following close, proceeded to the place 
 
2()() 
 
 Jiioial of tlif Babe. 
 
 I mar. iNe«. 
 
 ii i, 
 
 lit 
 
 of l)»iriiil on a littlc! liill, wlilrli lliill had s(0(H't«Hl. lU^fon; tlu* Ufinains 
 
 woro laid in tho f«Tavo, Ik* wrotti out tlic; lollo\vin<>^ rocord : 
 
 Tlu'.si' iirc tlu' iiiorlal n'lnaiii.s of Uttlc \\\\\^ William, (lu^ only rliild of 
 Kitit'i'ltiii^ and Too koo li too, tho iiiti'r])n>terH of \\w last FiaiiUliii Itcscarcli E\- 
 ]n>(litioii. Deposited liere May 1.5, 1S(»(», tlu^ day of its death, (lod liath it.s .s«)ul 
 now anil will keep it iVoni all liann. — 1'. F. IIai.j., Maij It, l.S(i(». 
 
 This ho placed within tho fur caj) e()verinj>- tho lit^ad of tho child, 
 and roturnin<if noxt day to tho ^^'rave, he erected near it a nioinnnont of 
 five stones, throo at tho base — typical of Faith, lloj)e, aiul Charity — 
 and on those the two others, fonninj;' tho tij^uro of a cross 
 
 At tho burial, though it was blowing" a gale and a snow-drift was 
 Hying^, tho mother could not bo prevailed upon to wear ho.r double 
 jacket to })rotect herself from the storm. " She nuist needs com|)ly 
 with custom." Uiulor the same influence, she had already borne for 
 some days the inconvenience of wot feet; neither could lior wet stock- 
 ing's be dried, nor the rips in her boots rei)aired. It was little comfort 
 to her, i\ few da^-s after, to be told by Mam-timrk and Nu-lcr-zhoo that 
 tho child would have lived, as tho " Spirit" had said to the an-fje-ko, if 
 she had not consented, by Hall's advice, to receive it back from Nu- 
 ker-zJiods wife, or if she had not departed from the customs of tho In- 
 nuits in the matter of her daily living-. She renewed her subjection to 
 the customs of the people, and received their instractions, that for one 
 year her husband and herself must bo very careful what they should 
 eat, and that the same be not raw, and her husband began his compli- 
 ance with such instructions by pleading- the death of his child as for- 
 bidding him to carry on his usual daily duties even in the matter of 
 preparing- the ammunition necessary for the hunt. Hall says here that 
 probably none of the P^skimo tribes are cursed with so many ridiculous 
 customs as the Repulse Bay and Ig--loo-lik people. 
 
nmj, iNHM.i J'himnipmcfit near Sorth J'oh- L(il,r. 2<»7 
 
 'Vhv. I7tli WHS ji vory wiinii day, tlio llioniioinctcr rcjicliiiifif 38*^, 
 altlioiinh ]H) SUM iippcanid ; tlin uppcM' walls of" tin* /lY>w/-w<ow//.s' li;!! in, 
 and rnudo neceMnary tho orcctioii of tiiiit-covcriMj^s ov(*rh(!ad. 'J'lio day 
 following, \hv, snow nKtUing' as it fell, prev(fnt('d tiu^ I'JU'fy fVoni ivsnni- 
 lu^ tluiir roturn joniMu^y. Tlio sluusinj^ (»f flu; shfdj^cs also was found 
 entirely tlisiwcd off" durinj^ the night. In the morning Hall found that 
 one f>f his pups had been sufi'ocated l>y its niotlmr lying upon it, and 
 that, failing to lick it into life, she had eat(!n it for her breakfast. On 
 the l!)th, he found she had repeated the act, a few bloody spots 
 only remaining to tell the tale 'I'his left him but five of the litter, 
 the birth of which had given him liope of eflfi(;ient aid on his next 
 journey. He had to handle this mother black dog and her pups him- 
 self, as the Iimnits, through some superstitious notions, were unwill- 
 ing to feed or to harness them. 
 
 At 8 15 p. m. of this day the party began a ftu'ther advance, j)n»- 
 ferring to travel at night, and averaging two and a half miles per hour, 
 until twenty minutes past midnight. On leaving the small lake on 
 which they had made their thirty-fifth encampment, April 19, deviat- 
 ing now from the route of that date, they crossed a blufl^" the descent 
 of which being- very abrupt was swifth' made by the loaded sledges 
 themselves, when the teams, which had been doubled up for the 
 ascent, were successfully detached. On the 21st, the party got 
 back as far as the Lower Narrows, heretofore noticed as a (leer-cross- 
 ing, and on the 22d, they made the forty-ninth encampmeTit on the 
 same spot between Christie and North Pole Lake which they had 
 occupied on the 5th of April. At this })lace See-pung-er arrived, 
 to the surprise of all, with his family. He had been working hard to 
 rejoin the party since being- separated from them at the forty-sixth 
 
268 
 
 Arrival at Beacon Hill. 
 
 [mar. IN60. 
 
 iVI 
 
 *■. : iU 
 
 oiicnmpment. His sled was found to be very heavily loaded; for, 
 besides his household goods, it had on it two cumbrous ki-a frames, 
 one of which was made entirely from a boat of the Franklin I'^xpedi- 
 tion, and the sledge itself from a mast of Captain Ross's " Victory." 
 In the midst of a howling storm, he was promptly supplied with 
 an armful of took-too meat. The next day, in company with Nuker- 
 zhoo and his family, he again left Hall for a time. 
 
 On the 23d, the journey down the North Pole Lake was made 
 swiftly by the use of a tent for a sail to the sledges, assisting the poor 
 hungry dogs; the sled itself sometimes getting in advance of them. 
 I'^bierblng and She-nuk-shoo traveled beside the sledge to guide it. 
 During the evening, from three and a half to four miles an hour were 
 made by sail only, and at fifteen minutes past 8 a. m. of the 24th, Hall 
 revisited his boat Sylvia and his stores deposited at the base of Beacon 
 Hill, March 31st, and to the record he had then placed on the Sylvia on 
 leaving this point, he now added an inscription summing up the obstacles 
 met with on the journey and his plans for renewing it. He had the satis- 
 faction to find that Ou-e-la had been faithful to his promise of that 
 date, to take from the hill the half-barrel containing the records, and 
 protect them from any strange Innuits. It seemed plain from the 
 snow-tracks that some of Ou-e-la^s friends had been recently at the hill, 
 and Ar-mou went off to find him. 
 
 The notes of the 25th read thus : 
 
 To-day uiy King William party was ended, for the present at least. This, 
 of conr.se, was iu conespoiideuce to the natural course of passing events. Our 
 separation was, however, for this reason : I desire to remain here a few days, 
 and try and do some writing, recounting the important matter I have gained 
 of the Pelly Bay natives relative to Sir John Franklin's Expedition, Ebier- 
 bing, Too-koo-li-too, Mam-mark, and her little son remaining here with me. On 
 
 tfi: >, 
 
.Ilnr, IN00.1 
 
 Hall ivill Renew his Journey. 
 
 269 
 
 tlio n^tiini of the sii(!(!t'>s.sfiil tooJc-too piirty of tliis day, I invited all the men 
 into iny kom-montf, and there I served each with moderate drinlvH of capital jjood 
 Hourbon whi.sky. VV^e talked, smoked, and drank — talked, smoked, and drank 
 till every heart Mt that it should be friendly to everybody. One matter is 
 worthy of record : all the men of my party are still determined to accompany mo 
 next si)ring, when I i)nrpose to try again. 
 
 It would seem, however, that this last statement was directly 
 against the experience of the 5th of the month which has been re- 
 corded ; for, on that day, every one of Hall's companions except 
 Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too had insisted on his return. Nu-lcer-zhoo 
 (Jack) particularly had shown the white feather even while standin<r 
 before Hall, boasting of his courage; and it will be found in the story 
 of the year 1861.), that when Hall first succeeded in reaching King Wil- 
 liam's Land, this man, when the whole company were well armed, 
 was again much alarmed at the first sight of strange Innuits. Hall 
 certainly found each of the tribes hostile and apprehensive — mutually 
 fearing and feared. Before setting out on this journey, his party had 
 more than once spoken of the See-ne-mee-utes — the natives of ^^See- 
 «ee," near Cape Berens — as being a party of murderous fellows ; their 
 way of greeting a stranger* being to present a long knife seemingly as 
 a gift, but allowed accidentally to slip into his breast. (See page 277.) 
 That a fight was not in some like way begun by the Pelly Bay men 
 on their meeting with Hall's company, seems to have been owing to 
 their having learned from Too-koo-li-too about the ships in the bay — 
 Hall's friends. 
 
 * The customs of the Eskimos of Cumberland Inlet in this, as reported by Mr. L. Kumlien, 
 of the recent Howgate Expedition, seem less dangerous, but equally strange : 
 
 "When a stranger arrives at an encampment, the Ancoot and the stranger face one an- 
 other. Both have mittens of seal-skin. The stranger complacently folds his arras over his 
 breast, and inclines his head to one side, so as fully to expose his cheek, vfhilo the Ancoot deals 
 him a terrible blow on it, sometimes felling him to the ground. The two actors now change 
 parts, and it becomes the strangei-'s turn to strike, which he does with a vengeance. The two 
 then kiss each other, the ceremony is over, and due hospitality is shown to the stranger by all. 
 
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 HAPTER 
 
 J7- 
 
 JOURNEYS AROUND REPULSE BAY, SUMMER-LIFE, AND 
 
 THIRD WINTER. 
 
 JUNE, 1«66. TO FEBRUARY, 1867. 
 
 ■.:il, >A 
 
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 •-t^A-».^'..W -t.-k'^' I -.'it^I-^r.alAi^ 
 

 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 m 
 
 J 
 
 ;« 
 
 
 Conditions neckssahy for a new journey — Experience with the natives of Pki-ly Bay— 
 Arrival of the tride at E-nook-siioo-j.ik— ITali. goes out to meet them— Kkcei'tion 
 OF their an-ge-ko— Their story of the white man's monument at Shak-too— 'Jiie 
 
 tin cup with I'AI'ER IN IT WHICH WAS THROWN AWAY— THE SKICLETONS ItY THE JIOSU- 
 
 ment— The superstitions of itiese people- Hai-l accused oi' brixgixc. sickness 
 among them— The hanging of the old chief and ins wife by their son "to take 
 
 THEM TO THE HAPPY LAND"— HaLL KEEPS THE PEACE BETWEEN THE PeLLY 13aY AND THE 
 
 Repulse Bay nati%es— Seitlks some old feuds in his tipik— His SLi;i)fiE journeys 
 
 FOR SURVEY OF THE BAY — EMBARRASSMENTS IN HIS WORK — DEATH t)F OU-E-La's WIFE— 
 
 Ill-treatment of women — Arrival of the whalers— Hali- requests them to spario 
 
 MEN FRO.M THEIR CREWS FOR HIS NEXT JOURNEY — His ASSISTANCE TO THE CAPTAINS— The 
 ships decide Tt> WINTER IX THE BAY — HaLL EXCAMPS NEAR THEM IX NOVEMBER — IXTEI!- 
 COURSE THROUGH THE WINTER — TlIE CAPTAINS WIIJ- NOT LET THE INNUITS FURNISH HIM 
 WITH DOGS. 
 
 "Disappointed but not discouraged"; — yet Hall, when writing- 
 this, had a full consciousness that at least nine months must be 
 passed before he could set his face again toward Ki-ki-tuk for the 
 Records. He had tvirned back from Colvile Bay, as has been noted, 
 with the words above, written down in his notes in sorrow, but with an 
 unbroken purpose. The experience of the sledge journey had satis- 
 fied him that he nuist try to org-anize his party more wisely, if he 
 would secure even partial success ; and he looked forward with the 
 hope of obtaining assistance for this from the whalers when they 
 should come into the bay. The alternatives before him were either to 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -18 
 
 27:{ 
 
■l,^ 
 
 i 'nil 
 
 ll! 
 
 1 
 
 II 1 
 
 1 
 
 j^D* mMi \ ^ 
 
 1 
 
 Id \ ^m ' 1 ^ 
 
 p 
 
 in 
 
 
 Ipi 
 
 Ifi?. 
 
 274 
 
 Plans for the Next Year. 
 
 |Jnn«, IN«e. 
 
 g'ain this help or to return with them to the United Stutes. But the 
 latter of these is not named in the journals of that season. 
 
 For a renewed advance he had fully decided that he must have 
 the services of several armed white men as a guard, and he knew as 
 well that he must secure full provision for a long journey and at least 
 one good dog-team. To procure the dogs might prove to be his hardest 
 work. For either one or both of these objects, he would be dejjendent 
 on the further continuance of good-will between himself and the Re- 
 pulse Bay natives and between them and the Pelly Bay men ; for, as 
 these men had already caused his own Eskimos to turn back at the very 
 point from which he had been ready to cross to King William's Land, 
 it was clear that, even if no hostile attack were made, the same intimi- 
 dations brought to bear upon any new party might arrest its work. 
 Among the Neitchilles a guard might be a necessity. 
 
 That the Pelly Bay men were, as Mam-mark had told him, '*a 
 queer people, doing many strange things," came out very plainly in 
 their intercourse from the day of their again meeting with Hall and 
 his natives. See-jning-er, who had been the first to overtake the 
 return party on their journey, Avas quickly the occasion of an appre- 
 hension that he would bring out an old feud with them ; for no 
 sooner had he met with his first success in the use of a gun, than he 
 was heard to sa^^ it would be a good thing to kill Innuits with as well 
 as deer. He proved to be a careless fellow, too, in using the weapon, 
 and Hall felt sure that if his men could prevent it, Sec-pung-cr would 
 never be allowed to carry it back to his own country. 
 
 The rest of the Pelly Bay men were willingly delayed some time 
 on their journey b}' a long musk-ox hunt. Their coming down to 
 E-nook-shoo-lik, where Hall made his fifty-second encampment, on 
 
f'l 
 
 Jnnr, 18«6.] 
 
 The Pellji Bay Natives Arrive. 
 
 275 
 
 the 10th of June, excited new fears. He had come over from his 
 quiet rest at Fort Hope, wliero lie had much desired to make up the 
 the notes of his late sledge journey, hecause the luuuits had repre- 
 sented that they must move nearer the whaling grounds before the 
 disappearance of the snow and ice should tnke from them the means of 
 transporting their boats and sledges. To be at hand for the capture 
 of whales was also what he most desired for himself, in order to 
 further his plans for securing the services of the white men. 
 
 A few days after his coming down, an alarm was given that 
 strangers were seen in the distance, and Oorig-oo-too, harnessing up 
 his dogs, drove Hall rapidly over the sea-ice to meet them. At 1 1 p. 
 m. they were found at a time when in trouble at crossing a fissure 
 in the ice; their driver, taking Hall's advice to pull his dogs back 
 from the slush in which they were plunging, crossed over readily a 
 little nearer the encampment. The old chief Kolc-lee-arng-niin and 
 his followers renewed cordial greetings with Hall's party. Their 
 teams were joined and sledges formed in line, and a triple team fol- 
 lowed into E-nook-shoo-lik by a motley group, made up of sixteen men, 
 women, and children. The hvillik women then marched up singly 
 behind the Pelly Bay an-ge-lco, and hung, each, some odd article, as a 
 bead, a piece of took-too fringe, or an old razor upon his jacket ; the 
 an-ge-ko himself raising his eyes solemnly upward and now and then 
 extending his right arm. Each Innuit took one or more of the 
 strangers into his tupik, Hall having for his guest his old friend Kok- 
 lee-arng-nun ; after whicli, festivities followed during some days, includ- 
 ing a mock musk-ox hunt, in which men and boys, wearing the skins 
 of the animals, were tiercel}' hunted by other men and dogs. 
 
 But throughout the reception, each of the Pelly Bay men had 
 
 . ■ ■- r 
 
 :' . . 'ij: 
 
 ;' 1 
 
 '■I 
 
 
 ■:f:| 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 ] "■; 
 
 ■ Vr 
 
m 
 
 276 
 
 Sec-pnnger's Story. 
 
 [Jniio, iseo. 
 
 ke})t full in .si<rlit tlio lonjif knife which ho had shown at thoir first 
 meeting. An old (juarrel between Scc-pung-er and Ou-c-Ia, which had 
 once nearly cost Oh-c-Iu his life, and another between old Scc-fjnr and 
 Knk-Ice-arriff-nun, were still unsettled. It could not then be known 
 at what moment an outbreak might occur, although Ou-e-Ia was at the 
 time absent. He had just lo.st one of his wives, and knew that No. 2 
 was near her death. It was all-important for Hall to keep the ])eace. 
 He had already learned something of value connected with the Frank- 
 lin records from Sce-pung-cr and his wife, and he hoped to learn much 
 more from others of Koh-lee-arng-niin^s party. 
 
 See-pung-er, three years before, had visited King William's Land. 
 He told Hall that he had seen, near Shar-too, not far from Pelly Bay, 
 a very high and singular E-noolc-shoo-yer (monument), built by hoh- 
 lu-nas, of stones, and having on its top a piece of wood something 
 like a hand pointing in a certain direction. He had also seen a monu- 
 ment about the height of a tall man, at another point somewhere 
 between Port Parry and Cape Sabine. When asked whether he had 
 thrown this pile down, he answered, "Only enough of it to find some- 
 thing within." And when further closely questioned, he said that 
 what he found was the small tin-cup which he had just given to Too- 
 koo-li-too; that a tight top had fitted it; and that it was thickly and 
 tightly wrapped up and tied, and had been found full of just such 
 looking stuff as the paper on which Hall had been writing; but, he 
 added, ''this stuff inside was good for nothing to Innuits, and so 
 was given to the children, or thrown away." He said further that he 
 and his uncle had spent one night near this monument, wrapping 
 themselves up in blankets taken from a pile of white men's clothing 
 found there, and that a hob-lu-nd!s skeleton lay by the pile. Hall 
 
 tiii;- 
 
June, IM««.| 
 
 Hall Accusal of Mischief. 
 
 277 
 
 thou^lit that this story seemed to confirm whut liad been before told 
 liim, — tliat when Franklin's ships were crushed by the ice, s(mie of his 
 party, after tryinj^ to go down the west side of Kin*^- William's Land, 
 had turned back, doubled Cape Felix, and come down on the eastern 
 coast. And, at the time, he persuaded himself that the monument was 
 the vault containing the long-desired records. 
 
 He had a curious though short experience of trials with these 
 Pelly Bay peoph . His first trouble was, that, after a short absence 
 from them, he found on his return, it had been whispered around that 
 lie had been the cause of the death of Nu-hcr-zhod's young child — 
 bringing on spasms by placing his hands on its head. Relieved of 
 apprehension from this rumor by being called on to prescribe for the 
 old chief himself and for some children, he was told that the wife of 
 the chief had hung herself, because he had persuaded her husband to 
 remain longer with the Repulse Bay men, and because he had given 
 medicine to these children. The tribe, one and all, accused HaJl of 
 being the author of these sicknesses. Not long after this the old chief 
 himself was hung.* 
 
 But with the assistance of his two Eskimos, Hall jirevented any 
 permanent or seiious quarrels between the two parties. Soon after 
 the first coming of the Pelly Bay men, old Sce-gar and KoTi-lee-arng- 
 
 *TIio circuiiistaiicns of these deaths are not, however, given by Ilall with his usual clear- 
 ness. At a later date, he says that X\\v son of the chief toKl liiui, with tears in his eyes, "lie was 
 very sorry he had no father or mother living with hiui, but that it had been his duty to hang 
 theui, as it was at their request, and that by their dying thus they would be sure of going 
 to that happy place where all good Innuits go." Scc-pung-vr, it was well known, had hung his 
 grandfather when ho had become feeble. Too-koo-li-too said that these I'elly Bay natives, as 
 well as the Neitchilles, iKslicved in Kml-hv-pur-mv-an and Atl-lec-pur-mc-an (a good and a bad place) ; 
 but she thought the Iwillik people believed in nothing of the kind. 
 
 In some memoranda prei)ared by Hull for one of his lectures after returning froui this 
 Expedition, he speaks of tliis woman's having been hung as a " peace-offering." This ]ioints to a 
 dirticulty that separated the two tribes for a time, the Telly ISay men going olf some distance; 
 iu the memoranda just named, the words "a terrible time" arc found in this lout connection. 
 
I 
 
 n 
 
 278 
 
 Quarrels Settled. 
 
 [June, l!!i66. 
 
 m 
 
 
 \t 
 
 a' i 
 
 m. 
 
 -I 
 
 ' '%" 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 www had closed, in liis ttipik, their long-standiiig grudge, the blind old 
 chief confessing that he had once wronged See-gar by deserting him 
 when nearly starving, and See-gar avowing that he no longer retained 
 any ill-feeling. The two men then sealed their renewed friendship by 
 such jests as these: ^^ Kok-lee-arg-niin, why are you now tottering 
 around with a staff, crooked as you are, your face with deep furrows, 
 and your eyes dim- you used to be the smartest and best-looking 
 Innuit in the whole country?" "But, See-gar, how is it thai, you are 
 no longer fond of all the pretty women to be found?" — which last 
 speech brought out a general laugh, as See-gar's reputation in this mat- 
 ter was well established. 
 
 Besides these reconciliations and the previous unhappy troubles 
 which have been refen-ed to, little more is found in Hall's notes of the 
 intercourse between the two tribes, except that they remained near 
 to each other and to the whalers, who, when they came, gave em- 
 ployment to both on their ships. While so employed, Koong-e-ou-nk, 
 the Pelly Bay an-ge-ko, having been severely beaten by a sailor 
 belonging to Captain Kilmer's ship through a misunderstanding about 
 a pair of boots which the wife of the native was making, was pro- 
 tected through Hall's interposition. 
 
 While waiting for the coming of the whalers, he could not remain 
 unoccupied. He planned for himself the work of a survey of the bay 
 of which Ou-e-la drew for him a rough sketch. He hoped also to 
 seciu'e at least one whale, the proceeds of which with those of the 
 one cached the year before, would be so much toward the pay of the 
 guard he would need for Neitchille. 
 
 The sledge journeys made for this survey are marked on the 
 accompanying map. They were mainly these: Before meeting again 
 
 I- 
 
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 " 1 
 
 ' 
 
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 COMMITTEE r\ ' 
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 fK. 
 
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 Jily^^ 
 
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 HAY 
 
 r 
 
 SKETCH OF A ^ 
 
 
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 n<:pm.sE bay a-. 
 
 ) ** 
 
 f3 
 
 \\y the Iinmit Ou-e-la 
 
 
 > 
 
 Drawn June 9'" IHGO 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
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 tfi : 
 
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 M"M\ 
 
 t;6'"jo 
 
 
 hr«run 
 
 66'10' 
 
 #Tf)ll...n\N ! 
 
 rroniiiiiTit Hil 
 fMMVushingion 
 
 HALL'S JOURNEYS 
 
 IN 1866 
 
 86°40' 
 
 Drawn /.V.I l.indfiihpfU 
 
1! 
 
 1 'i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
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 i 
 
 i '•/ 
 
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 sivoo 
 
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 S.^''^)' 
 
July, IH06.I 
 
 Hall Beijins Ills Survey of Itvpidsc Hay. 
 
 279 
 
 6t'3(i'' 
 
 fiCCol 
 
 witli tho Polly li.iy men, he luul crossed froMi Iwillik to tho wost side 
 of the bay, to a jjoint where he discovei'ed si rivei* of which the Iiinuits 
 hiid often s})oken, and which he now named Grinnell River; it was 
 found to be as larg'e as the North Pole River of Dr. liao Oii-c-la, 
 wishing to visit his wife's f^rave on Tee-kee-ra, was Hall's doj^-driver, 
 and with his usual success killed several seals on the journey. Tho 
 travel was difficult; they had a small sled and a small team; and the 
 snow was tracked with blood from the feet of the dogs, made sore by 
 the hard and sharj) roughnesses of the ice-crystals on the floes. The 
 travelers themselves had a shelter for the night within a snow wall 
 18 inches in height, across which they stretched their blankets. 
 While Ou-c-la was on his hunt, ITall liad to make his lunch on the 
 vermin dug out from underneath the deer-skins. Astronomical obser- 
 vations gave for the position of Tee-kee-ra, latitude 6G° 26'. 
 
 On the 14th of the month he began from E-noo-shoo-lik his long 
 desired attempt to sketch a full outline of the coast for his friends the 
 whalers ; hoj)ing thus to tempt their more frequent visits to the bay. 
 He had for his companions only two Innuit boys, Oot-pilc and She-nuk- 
 shoo, who were to bo drivers and hunters. With these he started first 
 for Fort Hope. On the first day, the chronometers were injured by 
 the breaking of the tie while passing over very rough floes. The 
 dogs suffered imich from sore feet ; one of them falling into a crack 
 in the ice was saved only by the use of a lasso. 
 
 The second day was divided between surveying and an advance 
 on the route. But after a halt to secure a deer, the travel was con- 
 tinued until 3 a. m. of the 16th, when they reached the banks of North 
 P(de River. On the last i)art of their route the melted snow had been 
 found in some places standing to the depth of three feet on the ice ; 
 
 -i^ 
 
 •■■f 
 
 !:s 
 
■^ 
 
 Drawn ii\ A Linfffnkofii 
 
280 
 
 Journeys Around Bepulse Bay. 
 
 [Sulr, 1866. 
 
 the dogs with great difficulty dragged the sled through. Hall sent his 
 boys off to hunt, and occupied the next two days in surveys made 
 from Beacon Hill, from which place the coast of Southampton Island 
 again loomed up by refraction. 
 
 Renewing his journey and arriving again at Tee-kee-ra, he busied 
 himself in renewed observations for position, in taking sextant-angles 
 and compass-bearings, and in sketching the coast-line. In such work 
 the time passed far more swiftly than while housed by the storms which 
 had swept over his igloo. The boys proved to be good hunters for deer 
 and for ducks, but failed to secure a single seal by their invariably 
 bursting into a loud laugh when getting near the .animals. To help 
 their seal-training, he afterward made for each a shield like those used 
 by the Greenlanders. When he was back at E-nook-shoo-lik the 
 whole party of the Innuits had gone off, leaving no sign whatever to 
 tell the white man where to find them. Hastening to Ships' Harbor 
 Islands, he found no traces of them, and returned to E-nook-shoo- 
 lik to spend two days more in his surveys. Having crossed next 
 to Sheg-lua, at the head of the bay but still without success in his 
 search, on the 28th he set out for Oog-la-ri-your Island, making a diffi- 
 cult journey, but finding his old friends about five miles from the 
 island. The boys were the first to see the tupiks on the shore. Ebier- 
 bing and Too-koo-li-too had been persuaded by the others to go off 
 with some friends for a short deer-hunt. The next sledge trip was to 
 Rock Knob ; thence to Pi-tik-tou-yer Heights, and, finally, back to 
 the neighborhood of E-nook-shoo-lik, during which journeys and up 
 to August 3 the observations and sketching of the coast-line were con- 
 tinued. 
 
 These had not been made without trying experiences. The 
 
AuRUHi, 1860.1 Serious Obstacles in Surveyin<). 281 
 
 cliiinging temperatures of tlie past seasons had cracked the silvering 
 in many places on the mirrors of his sextant, and rapid and unaccount- 
 able changes appeared in the index corrections. His compass often 
 changed so rapidly that no dependence ^^'as placed on its readings ; 
 and excessive refraction shut out some points of land and brought new 
 ones prominently in view. "At times an island seemed to rise and 
 fall as if an earthquake were at work." 
 
 In the day-time, radiation often forced his work into the night; 
 but the Innuits made much use of the night for their work and their 
 boisterous festivities; and by staying up all night and sleeping all day, 
 created for him stich an uncertainty of time that he sometimes forgot 
 to wind his chronometers, and was perplexed when writing \v^ his 
 notes. Overcoming his difficulties and annoyances so far as he coidd, 
 he began the sketch of the bay, of which the accompanying maj) 
 represents the line as found completed during the later years of his stay. 
 
 The journeys were not without some incidents of interest. At 
 Pi-tik-tou-yer, he found a well-built circular stone wall 30 feet in 
 diameter. It was an old camping-ground, showing many Eskimo 
 remains, and offering inducements to any one whose mind was not, 
 like his, absorbed in other purposes, to remain for its full exploration. 
 
 Incidents of a different character, however, now filled up all the 
 hours of thought not given by Hall to his main work. This seems plain 
 from the extreme fullness of his notes when setting down the con- 
 tinued annoyances to which he was still subjected. The iron rule of 
 Innuit customs, already often referred to as hindering his plans, seems 
 to have stretched itself out before him as though it must touch some- 
 where every purpose which he might form. It were useless to specify 
 such cases, a number of which will be found in future chapters ; a 
 
 i 
 
 .i| 
 

 282 
 
 Death of Queen Emma. 
 
 [Aagnat, 18«0. 
 
 m ■'< 
 
 single incident of interest may }'e here noted. On the 1st of July, 
 Ou-e-la, the chief, lost his only remaining wife, known under the name 
 of Queen Emma. The poor creature had been very harshly treated 
 through a long sickness, having been refused nutritious food at a time 
 when it might have saved her life, and again refused when charged, 
 through jealousy, with giving premature birth to a child without in- 
 forming her husband of it. She was accounted guilty through the 
 decree of the an-ge-ho, which shut out all protestations of innocence 
 from herself and her mother; and the maledictions poured upon her by 
 the ignorant of the village had helped to hasten her death. Her suffer- 
 ings were another proof of the indifference and hard-heartedness 
 found habitually to prevail toward the women ; other instances fre- 
 quently occurring, as in the case of See-pung-er's wife, compelled to 
 walk more than sixty miles, with a ky-alc on her head and a child of 
 three yeff vs in her hood, though herself in a delicate condition * The 
 death of Queen Emma gave Hall some annoyance, because Ou-e-la^s 
 old enmity against the Pelly Bay men was now revived by the declar- 
 ation of the an-ge-ko that k was their coming which had caused it. 
 
 But some relief for all !his was at hand. His health, which had 
 been somewhat broken, was restored. The season had been almost 
 
 *The degraded condition of women in coiintries not under the influence of Christianity is 
 too well known to need comment. The chief ot a tribe near the Mackenzie expressed the com- 
 mon feeling of Northern savages when he said : 
 
 "Women were made for labor. One of them can can-y or haul as much as two men can 
 do. They also pitch our tents, make and mend our clothing, keep us warm at night ; and, in 
 fact, there is no such thing as traveling any considerable dieitauce, or for any length of time, in 
 this country without their assistance. Though they can do everything, they are maintained at a 
 trifling expense ; for as they stand cook, the very licking of their fingers in scarce times is sufficient 
 fw their subsistence." — (Hearne's Journey to the North Ocean, p. 54.) 
 
 Compare with this their condition in Central Australia: "While husband, father, or 
 brother is feasting on the game which she has cooked, a wife or sister thinks herself fortunate if 
 now and tlien a nearly-cleaned bone or a piece of scorched meat is tossed to her as to a dog. — 
 Wood's Uncivilized Races. ) 
 
'1* 
 
 August, JSttO.J 
 
 News from Home. 
 
 283 
 
 uninterruptedly pleasant ; during- the nights the thermometer had not 
 fallen below 40°, ranging during the day between 48^ and 57°. His 
 Innuit friends, from whom lie had at one time separated himself, were 
 not really estranged from him, and Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too 
 stood, as over, steadfastly close. The relief came on the last days of 
 the month, when the first whale of the season was heard to blow ; and 
 better still, when refraction brought up from the ice-horizon the forms 
 of three ships under full sail. 
 
 It was not a mirage of disappointment. A boat from the Pioneei', 
 Captain Morgan, of New London, in a few hours pushed off to hail 
 Hall from the shore; and it cannot be thought unmanly in him to 
 have i-ecorded that he answered this salutation in tears. The sight 
 once more of a single friend, from the midst of his firmest friends, was 
 a full overmatch for all the roughness that had been forced upon his 
 nature by the ignorant and the degraded. To complete the pleasur- 
 able change, several other vessels soon came to Ships' Harbor Islands, 
 and the Black Eagle brought to him letters from Mr. Grinnell. From 
 Messrs. Harpers, his publishers, they brought a copy of the "Arctic 
 Researches," the preface of which volume had been dated " On Board 
 the Bark Monticello, June 30, 1864," and its last proof-corrections 
 sent from the ship when just leaving the harbor of St. John's, with the 
 indorsement, "All well and in good spirits, bound for the glorious 
 North." 
 
 Mr. Grinnell sent the following letter from Lady Franklin to Mr 
 
 Cornelius Grinnell : 
 
 Upper Gove Lodge, October 18, 1865. 
 My Dear Cornelius: I return your father's letter with many thanks. 
 Please thank him from [nie] for his kind remembrance of the deep interest I feel 
 in all these researches of his brave and adventurous protef/e, and ask him to con- 
 
284 
 
 Letter from Lady Franklin. 
 
 f AugUKl, IM06. 
 
 tiiiuo Kciuliiig me all \\w iiilbriniition he jjots. No one, e.sj)ccially no one of the 
 Arctic oflit'crs, ciui be inditt'orent to tlie news, bnt lliey sec the ]>ainfnl side of the 
 matter as well as the other. It is our liouiulcn duty, as it is an iini)etuous in- 
 stinet, to rescue tiieni if possible, even though we may i >el shocked as at the 
 sight of skeletons rising in their winding-sheets from ilie tombs; but the hitter 
 impression seems among peo])le in general to be the prevailing one. It is felt 
 that they, or Ac, would return, after a death of near twenty years, to a world that 
 he knows not, in which the loved were g<me, the living changed, and in which his 
 own brain would turn with the momentous pressure of his feelings and the bewil- 
 derment of his ideas. Sir Roderick seems shocked at the news. He has no faith 
 at present in the recovery of any living man, and deprecates more harrowing 
 revelations. On this latter point I am sure you will guard, dear Mr. Grinnell. If 
 the journals of my husband's expedition shoidd be brought to light, nothing that 
 reflects on the character of another should be published — nothing that would 
 give sharp pain to iiny individual living. As respects my husband, I feel sure 
 that Mr. Grinnell will yield me his journal if he should ever get it into his posses- 
 sion. I offered £100 for it, in McClintock's Expedition, to any man who brings it 
 back to nie. That reward shall hold good, though I am sure Mr. Hall does not 
 require any pecuniary stimulus for the good work he is engaged in, 
 
 I wish I might be allowed to oft'er another £100 toward any equipment that 
 may be made in future, either in aid of Mr. Hall's work or for his own recovery, 
 should he luifortunately be missing. I would gladly have done this earliei', had 
 I received timely information of his second voyage to Eepulse l}a:v', because 1 
 should have felt he was then in the right course, and doing the right thing. 
 When his first plan of going to Northumberland Inlet was brought before me in 
 18G0, it was i-epresented to me by all the Arctic people as the wildest and most 
 foolhardy of schemes, which must necessarily fail, and with which, for the poor 
 man's own sake, I ought to have nothing to do. I believe Hall is now doing 
 exactly what should have been done from the beginning, but which no govern- 
 ment could order to be done. Therefore, you must see how natural it is that I 
 should like, even in the humblest and most subordinate way, to help, or to make 
 Mr. Ilall feel that I sympathize, in his labors. It is painful to me that I should 
 appear to have no heart for the rescue of others, because my own dear husband 
 has long been beyond the reach of all rescue. * ♦ # 
 
 Invited to a sofa on the Ansell Gibbs, Hall again found the change 
 from his igloo too great to permit sleep, and at 1 a. m. of the next day 
 was off in the whale-boats cruising with the men. 
 
rili'lll 
 
 Aniant, is6».i IMl Endcavors to Hire Men from the. Whalers. 285 
 
 On this first visit, intent on tlu* one purpose of renewlnfr his explo- 
 rations, ho expressed his desire to secure from these vessels the five white 
 men needed to accompany liini ; but he met witli little encouragement, 
 for the ships having their bare complement, could hardly be expected 
 to spare a man with justice to the objects of their voyage and their 
 obligations to the owners. This difficulty, however, Ilall at once ])ro- 
 posed to overcome by securing for the ships as many Innuits as the 
 white men he asked for, and Captain Kilmer then engaged that if his 
 ship could return home in the month of September following, with a 
 full cargo of oil, ho would leave the men who might bo engaged by 
 Hall, and whatever provisions he would need. 
 
 During the whaling season, assistance was rendered to all the 
 whalers, both by Hall's personal efforts and by his influence with 
 the natives. He made observations for time, and was gratified to 
 learn that the rates which he had given to the ships for their chro- 
 nometers on the previous year, had proved correct. He offered advice 
 as to which whaling-grounds promised the best success ; he sent out 
 his own parties in the hunts to supply the ships with deer-meat ; and 
 for a time nursed in his own tupik one of the sailors who had the 
 scurvy. 
 
 The captains were much exercised as to their success in whaling, 
 finding it necessary to make several cruises in different directions, and 
 yet without satisfactory results. Morgan, of the Pioneer, before com- 
 ing into the bay had attempted to get down Frozen Strait, but was 
 prevented by the ice. Cruising next west, and then to the southeast 
 down the Welcome, he had found what seemed a passage there into 
 the Duke uf York's Bay, but only looked into it, fearing it was shallow, 
 and finding the bay yet filled with ice. Parry's chart was found by 
 
 m 
 

 28G 
 
 A Second Whale Captured 
 
 [Aagaat, 1866. 
 
 Hall to luivo tl>e liead of tlie bay marked "Unexplored." Captain Mor- 
 gan's observations gave ground for hope that a new cbainiel might be 
 found. Later in the season, by advice from Hall of what Parry and 
 Lyon had said of the whales found in Gore Bay and Lyon's Inlet, and 
 from what the natives also said of this, a boat was sent into those 
 waters from each of the vessels, but without success. 
 
 The parties sent out to hunt for sup])Hes for the ships were gen- 
 erally diligent and successful. One of these, after killing six deer, re- 
 turned without Ebierbing; on their reporting which, Hall immediately 
 went back with them, and found his lost man at the head of the uay. 
 He had been too busy in the hunt to keep sight of his companions, 
 and was well satisfied that he would be sent for; but he had had the 
 pleasant experience of finding a wolf upon his track, to escape from 
 which he had to wade into a lake and remain there until he tired out 
 the animal's watch. Hall and his party heavily loaded themselves 
 with Ebierbing's venison, but on their way to the boat, Hall was 
 nearly choked by the string which held his pack catching tight under 
 his chin. 
 
 Another party of six men and three boys, sent out for the double 
 purpose of killing deer, and, if possible, a whale, secured a whale, 
 cached the blubber and brought back the bone from the head. From 
 its length — 9 feet 6 inches from the butt to the end of the hair — Hall 
 judged that sixty barrels of oil could be made from the blubber. The 
 whale's whole length was 60 feet. 
 
 By the 1st of September, with the help of Ebierbing, Ar-mou, and 
 two other natives, he finished gumming, washing and preparing the bone 
 of this whale and what remained of the one killed the year before. 
 A part of the bone belonging to him had been carried off from the 
 
October. iN««.] Atixioushf AtvaUinff. 287 
 
 shore by some of tlio sailors and not cntiroly restored. Makiiij^ up 
 his remaining ju'operty into eighteen bnndles, tied with rope-hishings 
 and a three-stranded braid woven by Mam-mat% he phiced on board 
 the Ansell Gibbs a weight of about 1 ,500 pounds, to be sold on the 
 return of the ship to the United States. 
 
 But the whalers were not to return that season. The meager 
 results of their cruises were now forcing the four ships, the Black 
 Eagle, Ansell Gibbs, Concordia, and Glacier, to remain out another 
 year; and their captains were soon to choose between their winter- 
 ing in this bay or else at Marble or at Depot Island. The choice 
 between these was of the utmost moment to Hall. If the decision should 
 be to winter at the places last named, none of the crews could be 
 spared to him until the ships should have passed through another 
 year. To go down with them, as invited, might possibly give him 
 the opportunity of learning something of Crozier from the natives of 
 Chesterfield Inlet, for there were rumors of their having seen him. 
 And yet to remain where he was, if the ships left him, was of little 
 promise, since his next journey was dependent entirely on his getting 
 the men he needed, and he was unable to effect the arrangement by 
 which he proposed to substitute for such as might be left with him an 
 equal number of Eskimos; the natives themselves, with but one excep- 
 tion, were unwilling to go. But if the vessels should winter in the 
 bay, he would have the five men who might volunteer for the spring 
 months at the wages of $50 per month, and with these he hoped to 
 make his journey to King William Land, return before the next whal- 
 ing season was over, and be in the United States in the fall of 1867. 
 lie waited for the decision of the captains with no little anxiety. 
 
 Returning to Beacon Hill and erecting his tupik on the same spot 
 
li 
 
 28« 
 
 /fall linilils an Iff loo Nrnr the Ships. iiv«»rmb»r. in6«. 
 
 i;; 
 
 m 
 
 m. 
 
 wlicro Uao liiul liis tents in 1847, liis piirty snot'coded within tho next 
 nine diiyH in killinj^ forty-ono deer, bnt conipliiined tluit tho uniniala 
 were why jind liad kept oil" tho coaHt. 'V\w criKping- of tlie snow under 
 loot was heard by the deer a long way oft', and Hall liitnHelf had very 
 little success, for when taking aim, his excitement was such that ho 
 invariably failed. Ho does not give his reasons for finding himself 
 under the influence of this "buck-fever"; they may bo almost in- 
 ferred from what has been just written. His right oye had suffered 
 some injury from his having neglected to use the colored glasses when 
 taking his sextant observations; yet he made daily tramps from twelve 
 to fifteen miles in tho hunts. 
 
 Under the anxieties which have been named and the rumor that 
 the ships were to winter at Marble Lsland in the middle of the month, 
 he again visited the Ansell Gibbs. The harbor was already filled with 
 heavy ice, and tho ships were constantly employed in keeping them- 
 selves free; but the decision as to the place of winhiing had not yet 
 been made. On his return, before reaching Iwillik, ho met with a 
 severe storm which nearly capsized the Sylvia, and in landing he was 
 gale-bound for three days, soon after which Ebierbing became danger- 
 ously ill, continuing sick the whole of the following month. Hall 
 seldom left him. 
 
 His chief trials, however, seemed now about to end. The cap- 
 tains decided they would remain in the bay, and he had volunteers 
 for his next journey. For carrying out his plans, therefore, and for 
 a closer social intercourse, on the 24th of November, he moved near 
 the ships, building for himself an ifjloo on one of the small islands of 
 the group within which the whalers had anchored (No. 1 of the map 
 of Ship's Harbor Island). Intercourse with the ships then became still 
 more cordial. 
 

 T. iH«».i Till' Whiter in an f(/loo Nmr thv Whalers. 289 
 
 The aniUHcmmntH so uecdsMury to sustiiiii tlit* clioorluliH's.s und the 
 hoaUh of oflicors Jind inoii Juriiij^ the tedious rigors of uu Arctie winter, 
 were fully maintained on board. A dres.s ball was given on the 29th, 
 which was kept by the New England captains as Thanksgiving Day. 
 In another, on New Year's eve, when some of the crow and a few of the 
 Innuit women were dressed like civilized ladies, Hall had to make his 
 choice between dancing and speech-making; preferring the former, ho 
 led oflF with the first mate of the ship The captains always held a 
 seat in reserve for him at their '\ffaninnnfjs" — yarn-spinnings, chfitting, 
 and smoking ; he reciprocated these liospitalities by sharing with his 
 friends the stores lately received from Mr. Grinnell and by liberal gifts 
 of skin-clothing. But while passing through these enjoyments noth- 
 ing diverted his attention from his main purpose of selecting the volun- 
 teers he needed. Quite a number offered themselves; and on shore 
 he began the instruction of those whom he accepted by setting them 
 at work to dig out snow-drifts, and by sending them at different times 
 with his Eskimos to bring in meat from the deposits. Tie now thought 
 that ho had full reason to expect that when the stormy season had 
 passed, he could make with these men a second sledge journey with 
 success. 
 
 Strange as it might seem to any one but Hall, for these two and 
 a half months he still lived in his snow-hnt, in daily sight and sound 
 of the ships, which were now comfortably housed for the winter ; and 
 this although his very frequent invitations to their warm and hospita- 
 ble cabins wan-ant the belief that he might have taken up his quarters 
 on board. But he declares that he could not rest with ease unless in 
 his igloo. It was his own ; he could write up his notes in it and study 
 his Arctic books. His plans for the next season, too, were again ab- 
 
 S. Ex. 27 10 
 
2f)0 
 
 Men Seairrd, but a Team Wanih/ff. 
 
 IFfbrunrr. IHOr. 
 
 sorbing liis thoughts. Even the pack of wolves which swept over liis 
 ifjloo near the ships, carrying off one of the dogs, is spoken of in liis 
 journal as though it had happened as an ordinary occurrence, and as 
 tliough it were in the lonesomeness of Beacon Hill or among the In- 
 nuits at Noowook. He would not depart from his rough Arctic diet ; 
 nor in any other way unfit himself for the mission to which he still 
 thought himself called. But this was again suddenly arrested. Be- 
 fore the first month of the new year closed, he found that he could 
 not possibly make up a dog-team for a new journey. He might lose 
 a whole third year, but this, at any sacrifice, he must endeavor to pre- 
 vent : now that volunteers are engaged, he must secure the dogs. 
 
 -1^ 1 
 
p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 /• 
 
 SLEDGF. JOURNEY TO IG-LOO-LIK FOR DOCJS. 
 
 FEBRUARY 7 TO APRIL 1, 1|{G7. 
 

 
 V <ffi' 
 
 
 \ m 
 
 
 
 \i 
 
 $ 
 
 -.. !'■ I- 
 
 l> hi if< 
 
 fji 
 
 ^F - ' ;si 
 
 m 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 COUNTEIt-CI-AlMH ON TllK INNUITS 1 Oil TIIEIU DOGS— IIALI- DKTKUMIAKS TO MAKE A SLKDGE JOUU- 
 NEY TO l(i-LOO-LlK TO PURCHASE HIS OWN TEAM— LEAVES SlIIPs' HaRHOR ISLANDS rEBUU- 
 
 ARY 7 — First delays— Ou-e-la loses his way— Provisions iiecome scauce— 'J'hk 
 
 MOUTHS of THE DOGS TIED UP TO PREVICNT TIIEIU EATING THE HARNESS— AM-I-1()IvI'; 
 Rl'.ACHED, HUT NO NATIVES FOUND — OU-E-LA ACCUSES IIaLL OF BRINGING HIM TO STAiaA- 
 TION — IG-LOO-LIK REACHED ON THE 27TH— PURCHASE OF DOGS — VISIT TO TERN ISLAM), TO 
 PaRRY''s flag-staff— OU-E-LA PUTS A WIDOW AND HER HOUSEHOLD GOODS ON Till; RE- 
 TURN SLED — Hall puts her off on the ice — Starts back with anothicr native as 
 
 DRIVER— OU-E-LA'S HAD CONDUCT ON THE RETURN — HaLL AGAIN SIGHTS THE SHIPS ON 
 
 THE ;!Oth of March — The captains now refuse to let hiji have the jien for his 
 
 .JOURNEY. 
 
 Dogs enough could be found among the natives. They owned 
 sixty-eight ; a number sufficient for nine or ten ordinary teams. Hall 
 had several dogs of his own, ard asked but thirteen, to make up the two 
 teams he needed. He had anticipated no difficulty in securing these, 
 for he had just claims upon the natives, as he had bargained for such 
 as he would ask for, and really paid for the larger number in tobacco 
 and other articles. But the captains of the four vessels unitedly ihlor- 
 posed. They insisted that not a single dog should be permitted by 
 the Innuits to go on this journey; claiming that they "had fed these 
 people through the winter, and hud as yet no opportunity of receiving 
 much in return. The natives would soon need all their dogs in sled- 
 ding blubber and bone from the open water to the ships and the time 
 
 293 
 
 If 
 
 
^(11 
 
 
 21)4 
 
 i/«// 7?f^ Id a Loriji Journey. 
 
 (Vcbruary, 1867. 
 
 of Hall's return from Iiis proposed journey might be beyond the open- 
 ing- of the season. Tlien, men and dogs nnist be actively employed to 
 increase, if possible, the jjoor returns of the past year." Hall could 
 not even get one of his own dogs, which he had put in Ook-har-loo\s 
 trust on returning from the last sledge journey. He was the more 
 surprised at this issue, because the use of the teams was as clearly 
 within the ideas of the conversations held in the winter, as was his 
 selection of the white men, which had met the approval of the cap- 
 tains ; if any difficulty on this point had arisen in these conversations 
 some trace of it would be found in his full notes Helpless to enforce 
 claims upon the natives, who were fully willing to keep their promises, 
 he determined to make a sledge trip to Am-i-toke, or perhaps to Ig-loo- 
 Hk, even in the very depth of the Avinter, to buy his teams. The jour- 
 ney might be one of more than three hundred miles ; but another year 
 could not be lost. The captains cordially supplied him with articles 
 of barter, which, within the next few days, he carefully arranged, 
 making up also his stores for the trip. Sending his white men to one 
 
 of the deposits to get whale-meat for the dog-food, he fed the men on 
 their return with whale-skin, remarking in his notes that he had edu- 
 cated them until they really liked raw, frozen meat, and adding that, 
 perhaps with these very men, on his next voyage, D. V., he would 
 push his discoveries to the North Pole. His thoughts had been on 
 such a voyage during the past season. It had been discussed with 
 the whalers, and he had openly avowed his intention to organize an 
 expedition to the Pole as soon as he had completed his present mis- 
 sion ; he held this voyage in mind when examining the volunteers 
 for his present journey. 
 
 After waiting the return of some of the natives from a trip made 
 
 li 
 
Vebrunry, IH07. 
 
 The Days Upset the Sled. 
 
 295 
 
 to Lyon's Inlot for door-meat, by tlio 7tli of" the month he hsul .secured 
 fourteen doj^^'s, and left Ships Harbor Ishmds for Tj^-hto-hk. The tem- 
 perature was 40° bek)\v zero.* Ebierbing' and Too-koo-li-too, for rea- 
 sons not named, wore left behind, and Frank Lailor, one of the white 
 men, was ])lacod in cliarge of his ifjloo. Ou-c-ln, with his wife and 
 half-breed child and the boy Oot-pilc, were his only companions. 
 
 Arriving opposite I'itiktouyor, Ou-e-la, agreeably to Inmiit custom, 
 wont on shore to 2)ay a visit to the grave of his hrother, Shoo-shc-arh-nook, 
 and here the first trying delay was met with; for after a night in an i/jloo, 
 they already missed one of 
 the dogs and found two oth- 
 ers to be useless. A return to 
 the shijis became necessary. 
 But another delay was occa- 
 sioned by the dog-lines bo- 
 coming entangled ; on which ukau-tooth, used as a T.xaiLK. 
 the dogs were detached from the pe-to, but before being again fast- 
 ened to the sled, they had roughly dragged Hall and Oot-jnk along for 
 some distance. This, however, was but a renewal of former experiences ; 
 for Hall had more than once known the dog-teams pull well for a little 
 while, then suddenly wheel around and overturn him and his driver. 
 The remedy had been, to jump in among them and pound away with 
 the hatchet until they were made tractable. The pe-to, on which so 
 much depended, was the line, made of heavy walrus or seal skin which 
 fastened the dog-traces to the forward part of the sledge-runners: 
 
 * It cortiiiiily iiiiirku Htroii};; resolution and conrnf^o in Hall to undertake tliis uortlieru 
 trip in Fcbriiiinj. Ca|>tain Nare.s' (R. N.) Judf^uient in, tliat, unless lor tlu^ jiurpose of saving lite, 
 no one should lie ealled upon to undergo the I'earl'ul privations of an Arctic sledge journey 
 during March or oven in the early i)art of April. — (Nan-ative of a Voyage to the Polar .Sea, lH7tt.) 
 
296 
 
 Journey to Lj-loo-lik. 
 
 IFcbruarjr, 1867. 
 
 passed tlirougli ivoiy eyelets at tlie end of the traces, its ends were 
 bound togetlier by a toggle. 
 
 When Hall returned, he found that the captains were on a fishing 
 excursion upon a lake seven miles distant. He had to send to them 
 a request for their consent to get other dogs ; he slept that night in 
 his old igloo with Lailor, and the next day rejoined Ou-e-la; his 
 team had already traveled sixty-two miles since their first leaving 
 the ships. 
 
 On the 10th, they passed up the river at the mouth of which 
 they had built their first igloo, and after crossing valleys filled 
 with deep snow, and ascending a very steep hill, built their second 
 hut upon a little lake. Ou-e-Ms child had already proved an an- 
 noyance by its constant whining and insatiable clamor for bread. 
 On the 11th, Ross Bay was crossed, in which was observed a tide- 
 hole, half a mile in length, that smoked like a coal-pit. Seals were 
 sporting in it. The day following, they came to an igloo occupied by 
 a party of Inimits, which Ar-mou^s brother, with a team of seven dogs, 
 was conducting toward Am-i-toke ; one of the boys of this party, Ttik- 
 kee-li-ke-ta, was the son of Ag-loo-ka,* a native who was said to have 
 exchanged names with Parjy.f An inlet was crossed which was not 
 found on Parry's chart. [For the route see Map, Capter XII.] 
 
 On the 13th, when passing an advance-deposit made by these 
 natives, Ou-e-la liberally helped himself from it to whale and deer 
 meat. The next day, he seemed to have lost the way, wandering about 
 over low ground until, night coming on, he built an igloo on a small 
 pond which was found to be frozen solid. During the whole of the 
 
 * Spoken of by Parry as being ten years old when mot by bim. (Journal, 1821-'23, p. 367.) 
 
 tTlic name Ay-loo-ka appears in Hall's notes as in use by the lunuits at one time I'or Uoss, 
 
 at another for Crozier, and here for Parry ; it seems to be a generic term for an offleer in command. 
 
February, 1 8U7. 1 Sevcrc Truils. 2l>7 
 
 15th and 16th, the party were gale-bound, but the time was not wholly 
 lost; then' bedding and clothing were dried in different ways, the 
 clothing by wearing it in bed ; Hall's boots were taken in, one at a 
 time, and kept under his jacket, close to his person. A heavy coating 
 of frost showed itself between his two jackets, for the temperature had 
 been 80° below zero. 
 
 The stock of provisions was now getting low, bringing fear of a 
 want of food before they could })ossibly renew their supplies ; nor was 
 it at all certain that they would find natives at Am-i-toke. If they did 
 not, they must hunt walrus out on the drifting ice, and thence push on 
 to Ig-loo-lik. Thus far, they had lived almost wholly on dog-food, 
 their only good provision having been four saddles of venison and 
 twenty pounds of sea-bread, with a little coffee, sugar, and tea ; raw 
 whale meat, skin, and blubber made their substantial working diet. 
 Nothing had been cooked but a little coffee or tea, and in this cook- 
 ing, in making drinking water, and in drying their clothing, they had 
 consumed two gallons of whale-oil ; Hall's native lamp was about half 
 
 hall's LAMl'. 
 
 the usual size. An entrance-way to their igloo, 30 feet in length, made 
 of three united oval igloos, had been built, that the dogs might be 
 protected from the storm ; for the less they were exposed, the less 
 hungry and. poor would they become. They were sometimes fed 
 freely from the whale-beef, a chunk of a hundred and fifty pounds 
 
Trn^ 
 
 298 
 
 The IJofja roorljj Fed. 
 
 IVrbrunry, I8«7. 
 
 MH 
 
 fel-i 
 
 Ifi 
 
 of wliich wiM given to tlio hunf>Ty beasts, who had already broken 
 into the storeliouse,- and twice nearly eaten up their harness. 
 
 Awaking- at one o'clock the next morning-, Hall pulled his ther- 
 mometer into the hjloo by a string, and found that the temperature 
 was 30° below zero. Looking through the hole, he observed that 
 the wind had died away, the sky was clc- ir, and the moon was shining 
 brightly. Filling his coffee-pot then with ice, he hung it over the fire- 
 lamp, and, after resting for an hour or more, made his coffee, packed 
 up, and again started. Oii-e-la^s child a second time proved very trou- 
 blesome, causing repeated '-alts ; but by evennig Hall had advanced 
 about twenty-two miles, when the party built an if/loo large enough to 
 bring within it all their goods for safety from the dogs, which had be- 
 come yet more savage, for even while feeding, the fierce brutes were 
 with difficulty controlled. In the morning, when the tyloo was un- 
 sealed, they rushed into the passage-way, wedging Oot-pik in it so 
 tight that he could not move, and was released only after Ou-e-la and 
 Hall had finished pounding them out of the hut. 
 
 On the 18th and 19th, he was again gale-bound; his notes express 
 his feelhigs in the words " Too bad ; but God overrules all." The 
 food on this day was of stinking ook-gooJc and whale-meat of a greenish 
 tint, buttered with strong whale-blubber. Oa-e-la thought it would 
 take at least five days yet to reach Am-i-toke — discouraging enough, 
 for the plan was to be back at the ships in time to start for King 
 WilUiam's Land March 1 5, but this it now seemed impossible to effect. 
 
 On the 20th, the temperature was —10° at noon, but the wind 
 was quite strong, and the drifting snow beat fiercely in their faces; 
 yet a steaming cloud of vapor rose from the dogs as tho}^ ran along. 
 Hall thought that if the weather moderated they would not give out 
 
vcbruarr. i8«7.i Provisions Exliaustcd. 299 
 
 for a low days, althougli tlioir food was nearly gone; but it was found 
 necessary to tie up their mouths to keep them from eating their draught- 
 h'nes as they ran. The second day after this, tlioy wore fed on a httle 
 ook-fjook blubber found in a deposit on the shore of the sea which they 
 had now reached by an advance of twenty-four miles. At one time 
 they had pulled through a gorge 10 feet wide, the quartz walls of wliich 
 were 30 feet high. On the 23d, Am-i-toke was reached, but not a native 
 was to he seen. A journey of four days was yet to be made to Ig-loo-lik. 
 A strong wind now preventing any advance, their igloo on the 24th was 
 built about six miles north of the Ooglit Islands. 
 
 The next day twenty-three miles were made ; but at night their 
 food was on some walrus-hide, two years old, which Ou-e-lu had found 
 with the blubber at the deposit. On the 2Gth, their breakfast was on 
 the very last of the meat. Hall says they satisfied their hunger by 
 sharpening up their knives in anticipation of the walrus feast they 
 might have that night at Ping-it-ka-lik. One of the dogs had been 
 furiously set upon by the rest, and before being rescued was nearly 
 eaten up; she was lashed in furs on the sledge. Through the whole 
 day Ou-e-la was anxiously on the look-out for natives, climbing every 
 high piece of ice, and looking sharply to discover some sledge-track, 
 but finding none, he began to look the very picture of despair. From 
 the slower progress now making, it seemed to him that Ping-it-ka-lik 
 could not be reached before night, and if it were, they would find no 
 Innuits there. Before long, therefore, he burst out in anger, charging 
 Hall with having brought him and his family into a starving and hope- 
 less condition, and his wife and Oot-pik, catching his spirit, looked as 
 savage, and cried out that they would die from starvation. Hall 
 quieted their fears as best he could, and at night in the igloo gavi; to 
 
■'-i 
 
 1 
 
 
 if 
 
 
 .'iOO 
 
 Arrival at Ig-loo-lik. 
 
 rrbruary, lhU7. 
 
 each a supper of liot tea, with some of his reinaiirm<r eij^ht pounds of 
 sea-bread, pleasiii^^ Ou-e-la by giviiif^ to his little idol ehlld as inuch 
 as to any one of the j^rown j)eople. lie reminded them that they mij^ht 
 find walrus deposits at Plng-it-ka-lik, but, if not, could push on to 
 Ig-loo-lik ; that until then, the rest of his bread would bo for their 
 free use ; and that, even if no Innuits or dei)08its should be found at 
 Ig-loo-lik, they need not think of starvation, for with their instruments 
 and gear they could get walrus on the drifting ice in the places with 
 which Oa-e-la was familiar. He then gave them some account of the 
 sufferings of white men from want of food in like circumstances with 
 their own; relating those of Franklin and his ccmipanions, Richardson 
 and Back, on their return from the Polar Sea. Before sleep came, 
 Oa-e-Ms good humor had returned. 
 
 The next morning, sledge-ti-acks were seen, and the party, light- 
 ening their load by leaving most of their stores in a snow-house, 
 pressed forward toward Ig-loo-lik. At 2 p. m. the voice of a driver and 
 the cry of his dogs were heard, and an hour later Hall was in the vil- 
 lage, where he was quickly surrounded by a crowd of men, women, and 
 children, who had heard that a Jioh-lu-na had come. An igloo was soon 
 built, and a log of walrus meat and blubber, weighing full 500 pounds, 
 was drawn in and set before his party. Their breakfast on the next 
 day was once more on cooked meat, after which meal the Ig-loo-lik 
 an-ge-Jio made his appearance, and spent some time in an ^^an-koot-hig"- 
 welcome service, the details of which Hall has not noted. 
 
 During the first five days of the month of March, he lived in his 
 snow-house at Ig-loo-lik among the natives of this large tribe, and 
 enjoyed his intercourse. He was well treated, his wants entirely sup- 
 
nnrrb. ifti«7.i Ig-loo-Uk Ndtivcs. .'K)l 
 
 plied, and his {qloo often crowded. Interested in watcliin*^ the man- 
 ners and customs of tlio place, and in listening to its traditions, he 
 seems to have been so nuich occupied in observin<^ the new thinf^^s 
 about him that he took but rou<,di notes, intendinjj at some future 
 time to write them out more fully. This time never canu). 
 
 The following are a few of the names of the Innuits here mot with, 
 some of which found within Hall's full list will appesir again on his 
 second visit to this place, as well as on their visits to the whalers in 
 the bay : Ouk-piJc (the Eshemidta) and his wife, Kok-fjoof; Nuk-er-top- 
 hifj and his wife, Slmk-too-in ; Ar-timg-un and his wife, Muk-e-ung; 
 /iLiM and \\\» vf\iQ, Pou-dc-lung-e-%de ; Ag-Ioo-ka; Man-u-mit: and the four 
 boys, Noiv-yook, Ard-er-rook, Potv-dcr, and Amer-wer-rik. Hall counted 
 at one time forty-two women. While he was writing down his long 
 list, the natives looked on with wonder, and showed yet more siu'prise 
 when he was able to read their names out of his book. Among those 
 around him he found some connections of Too-koo-li-too. 
 
 The Ig-loo-lik people appeared to have frequent intercourse with 
 Too-noo-nee (Pond's Bay), from which place they obtained their 
 knives and other weapons. The journey to the bay, they said, could 
 be made, by rapid traveling, in four days. Ar-tung-un, who had 
 come over from Tern Island, remembered Parry and Lyon, both of 
 whom he said were very fond of little children. Lyon, he recollected, 
 had danced the little ones, and sung nursery rhymes to them. Ar- 
 tung-un himself could sing several songs leai'ned from the sailors, and 
 could count in English. He said that he was once dead on board 
 Parry's ship, and was brought to life by Parry's an-ge-ko bleeding him, 
 and he showed Hall the scar on his arm made by the lancet. 
 
 Wishing to be well posted in the ways of Ig-loo-lik an-ge-kos. Hall 
 
 I 
 t 
 
1 ! f 
 
 ;n 
 
 302 
 
 Hall Buys Im Dogs. 
 
 llVIarrh. I NAY. 
 
 roquostod Ji profoasionul visit, when two nn-fje-Icos cnnio to Iiih liiit, nnfl 
 nl'tor rocoiviiij^ a fil(i hh coniponsntion in advance, went throuf^li a ])or- 
 fonnfinco of two liourH for the relief of liis face wliicli was ten'ihly 
 sore from hite frost-bites. He tlionf^lit the perfonnancos really won- 
 (leiful, and that these inen are not impostors, but exercise their work 
 in earnest. 
 
 Having now secured the full good-will of Ig-loo-lik by presenting 
 to the women full supplies of needles and beads, — going around himself 
 among the ifjloos to deliver these, — he built a high, circular wall of snow 
 close to his own hut for a trading mart. In the center of this he 
 placed his sea-chest, and on it the different articles which he had 
 brought for the purchase of the dogs. His list embraced files, hatch- 
 ets, butclier and clasp knives, and women's or chopping knives, seal 
 and walrus harpoons, pieces of old hoop-iron, old whale-irons to make 
 into seal-spears, pieces of wood for arrows, bows and spear-handles, 
 
 aasC^^^^gtO 
 
 INM'IT AliltOWS. 
 
 tin cups and pans, old meat-cans, needles, fish-hooks, fish-lines, pieces 
 of tin for shak-koon (skin-dressing), old wrought nails and other bits of 
 iron, beads, sheet-brfiss for kar-oons, and iron spoons. There was a 
 crowd of men and women, some of whom had come from Tern Island 
 to receive presents. He traded for fo'irteen dogs in as many minutes, 
 setting his own price on each. 
 
 On the Gth, he accompanied several families to a settlement out on 
 the ice, near the walrus-grounds, and found there twenty -three if/loos; 
 an unusueil neatness showing itself in their floors of snow, ** iced and 
 almost unstained;" most of them being lined with seal and walrus 
 
Mnri-b, l)H09.| Visiffn Tmi Ishwil. .'lO,". 
 
 skiTiM, making' iIkmji qiiit(( wnnii. Tlioir Ix'ds wen; of tlu^ most i-oni- 
 fortnl)l(« kind, \rvvni puiiiH bciiifr taken when makin^f tlicni to lay 
 down, first a netting- of Hliort Htiekw or wlialelxuu*; then walrus or ooh- 
 fioolc iik'ww \ dried jrvass; then skins of sonut kind; then doer-skins. 
 Few wnh'uscs were taken, but Hall boufiht two rolls of hoiv, wei{j;hin<;' 
 in all about four thousand pounds, for which Im {^avosonie small pieces 
 of hoop-iron, an (dd meat-can, and a stick of wood.* 
 
 A few days after, a visit was made with ()n-c-la to Tern Island, to 
 yet the services of a native and more walrus meat and blubber. Nin** 
 sledy^es, each drawn by from twelve to twenty dogs, accompanied 
 them, all bound for the sealing-grounds. They made a lively scene, 
 cracking their whips and racing. The sealers soon left the sledges, 
 and, with their seal-dogs, wont otf to lind seal-holes. On the arrival 
 of Hall's party at the island, most of the men wore found to bo absent, 
 but in a few ifjlnos were wives and several widows. Sonu^ of those 
 wore very dark colored. Every (>n(* of them wanted noodles and 
 beads ; the wife of Ark-shank-n asking a noodle for every cliild she had 
 and one more for a child she was expecting. In the evening, this 
 woman and the mother of the nn-f/r-ko entertained Hall with another 
 performance, the woman adding to her share in it the small matter of 
 finding in the head of her boy of fourteen years, a plentiful supply of 
 creepers which she promptly transferred to her mouth. While Hall 
 was witnessing this performance, the dogs ate up most of their harness 
 whicli Oii-e-Iahiid carelessly loft on them. 
 
 Getting ready to return from the island the next day, ho found 
 that Ou-e-la, without asking leave, Jiad here made an-angements to 
 
 *Comiuaudcr (now Admiral) McCliiitoek, on his iiiial Kcarcli lor Franklin, IWil), readily 
 boiifrht reindeer outer coatK for a knife eaeli, and liired four EskinioH to build a siiow-liouRO for Ills 
 party at the rate of n n«»cdlc apiece. (Voyage of the Fox, ji. 204.) 
 
304 
 
 Presents Made to Hall. 
 
 innit'h, IS«7. 
 
 take back with thorn to ]io})ulso liay a wliole faniily, with thoir <»"o<)(ls. 
 Hall's sledge was now driven by Oong-er-look, who liad a light load, 
 bnt was a very poor driver, making- but three and a half miles per 
 hour. At one time he made a mistake, whipping the lash of his whip 
 across Hall's poor face, making it sting woefully; but he quickly cut 
 
 iwnr noxK ciiaum, k; i.oo uk. 
 
 ixxfiT M;i;i>i.r.-CA8K, 
 
 1((-I,()()-I,IK. 
 
 INNl'IT KXIFK AND SAW. 
 
 INNT'lT KNIFE. 
 
 off the end of the lash, and seemed very sorry for the harnj done. 
 Soon after this accident, a warm fur cap was made up for Hall by one 
 of the Tern Island women. Among other presents to him, which were 
 not a few, were "bone charms," held in high esteem, and a bone- 
 handled knife, which was connected with the sad story of some Cum- 
 berland Inlet natives, whose boats had been crushed in the ice, when 
 
march, 1867.] 
 
 Visit to Parry's Flag-Staff. 
 
 305 
 
 nearly all of them were starved to death. The knife had been used 
 to scoop the brains out of tlie skulls of those who had been murdered 
 to preserve the lives of the rest. Finding that Ou-e-la seemed deter- 
 mined to take back with him to Repulse Bay the family with whom 
 he had been bargaining, Hall at first resolved to make his own quick 
 return without him, by taking E-nu-men, a native whom he liad 
 engaged on Tern Island, as the driver of a full team for a sledge made 
 of Aoic, with just enough food for six days. He could thus hope to 
 get back in time to leave Repulse Bay for King William's Land by the 
 1st of April. E-nu-men agreed to go on as fast as he could drive, leav- 
 ing Oii-e-la to come as he pleased. But as the dogs got at this Aow sled 
 and nearly ate it up. Hall concluded that the journey could not be 
 safely made on a sled which might at any moment be devoured by 
 the hungry beasts; nor could Ou-e-la be trusted to bring down the 
 other dogs in season. A tremendous gale, with falling and driving 
 snow, was a further discouragement, the snow being very soft. 
 
 On the 14th, a visit was made to Ar-lang-nuk, the spot where Parry 
 erected his flag-staff, and then to Turton Bay. He found a pile or 
 collection of stones where the flag-staff was deposited, and says: "On 
 removing the snow, which only partially covered the stones, I found 
 an excavated place in the center of the circular pile. I then lifted out 
 several large stones, which had probably been thrown in when the flag- 
 staff had been taken down. Then I came to disintegrated limestone 
 of such small size that one could hold fifty or sixty pieces in one hand. 
 On removing a mass of this, I came to chips and fragmentary pieces 
 of the flag-staff. After digging down two feet, I came to where the 
 limestones were frozen solid, thus preventing any further research 
 downward. * * * Could I have dug down into the 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -20 
 
 ii 
 
If'! 
 
 ill ^1 
 
 306 The Team Made Up. (March, is«r. 
 
 frozen mass of limestones, I doubt not I could have found the bottle 
 containing the written document which Parry executed and deposited 
 there. * * * f jj^ piles, or collections, of stones about 
 the flag-staff spot are placed in such order as to represent the four 
 cardinal points of the true compass. * * * There is 
 the furrow or trench, now evidently just as distinct as when first made 
 from the sea-coast to the flag-staff spot ; — made in dragging the flag- 
 staff from the sea to where it was raised. This furrow, made in the 
 disintegrated limestone, is of rounded form, and from two to four 
 inches in depth. I was grcflly surprised to find this trench so perfect 
 and unmistakable as to its cause." The name of the land at and 
 around this spot is Koo-pra-look-too. 
 
 While Hall was visiting a place of such historic interest, he was 
 awaiting the return of Ou-e-la who had been sent off a few miles to 
 get some of the dogs, but after his return, a heavy gale still prevented 
 the setting out for Repulse Bay. He now gathered his teams, and 
 rising at four o'clock in the morning of the next day, he distrib- 
 uted the remainder of his presents and cut up his large sea-chest to 
 give to the men to make their arrows, spears, and harpoons. A stake 
 was then driven down, and the natives were called upon to tie to it all 
 the dogs he had purchased, but he had now one cause of complaint — 
 the only one named as to this people, of whom he speaks as among 
 the kindest and most honest of their race. It was this : One dog was 
 brought, small, earless, and poor; and on its being refused as not the 
 one purchased, further compensation was asked for the one which was 
 then brought forward. The additional pay was given, and this dog 
 proved the best of the team. 
 
 Having now succeeded in the object for which this severe journey 
 
 H' . 
 
march, 1867.] Betum to the Bay. 307 
 
 had been made, he was eager to begin his return to the bay. But, 
 when entirely ready to leave his encampment a few miles from Ig-loo- 
 lik, he found that Oii-e-la had put on the sled a widow and her child, 
 with all her traps; and he was proof against all expostulation as to the 
 delay on the journey which this must cause. Hall then started with 
 Ook-pik and E-nu-men and his family on a Jcoiv sled, and, quickly 
 overtaking Ou-c-la, again remonstrated with him, ordering him to leave 
 the widow behind. Succeeding by bribes in inducing the woman to 
 stay, he finally put her off on the ice, getting the promise of several 
 natives to take care of her return to her friends. But the loss of 
 Ou-e-la.s new wife proved a trouble greater to Hall than to the disap- 
 pointed chief 
 
 The travel was heavy, the pe-to more than once broke, and some 
 of the dogs were continually straying off; by night an advance of 
 only five miles had been made. The teams were then found to be 
 made up of forty-eight dogs, eighteen of which had been purchased. 
 But as all were not at hand, the whole of the next day was spent in 
 going to find the lost ones. Then, four more of them escaping in the 
 night, Oot-pik went back for them, while the rest of the party pressed 
 on to Ping-it-ka-lik. Here E-nu-men conducted the party to a ridge 
 of limestone, on digging down a foot into which, they found two logs of 
 old walrus, which they lashed on their kow sledge. From this point 
 he chose a route almost always inshore from that by which Hall and 
 Ou-e-la had gone up to Ig-loo-lik, and on this line he crossed a bay on 
 the west side of Fox Channel, extending fifteen miles to the south- 
 west. Hall had not found this bay on Parry^s chart, but did not con- 
 sider this strange, as Parry's was a "marine survey only." From this 
 bay he passed into a lake twenty-five miles in length, lat. 68° 45', long. 
 82° W., on which lake they made their ifjloo by the side of a ridge of 
 
 I.' 
 
 •1; 
 
308 
 
 Oti-e-la's Conduct. 
 
 [narch, iser. 
 
 ice extending as far as the eye could reacli. Near it, beneath the 
 snow, water was easily obtained, and the frozen kow, placed in this, 
 was thawed in three hours. 
 
 He now experienced a renewal of the trials which Ou-e-Ia had 
 given him on his route to Igloo-lik. Repeatedly on that journey he 
 had shown a selfish disposition, especially in helping himself most 
 freely to the best of the provision, of which his wife also secretly 
 took a large share At Ig-loo-lik, to Hall's disadvantage, Ou-e-Ia 
 had purchased for himself several dogs, and now, on the homeward 
 route, he proved exceedingly careless of Hall's team, while liberally 
 feeding his own. To this he added an increased exhibition of evil 
 temper, the source of which was probably to be found in his disap- 
 pointment in not obtaining the widow. He had cordially agreed to 
 go on this journey for the very purpose of adding to the number of 
 his wives, but Hall, when consenting to this, had not anticipated that he 
 would bring down a family with all their goods. His evil conduct 
 reached its worst on the 2 2d, when he took advantage of Hall's sick- 
 ness from continunl living on walrus-meat, to feast himself and wife 
 more than once, refused a fair supply of food to either Hall or 
 Oot-jnk, and subjected the white man, in his feeble state, to the most 
 menial services. He ordered him to bring in the snow-water for 
 drinking, and, with other services, to put the kow sledge on top of the 
 iffloo when it was necessary to keep it from the dogs. The weak state 
 of the invalid, with the renewed feeling that he was in the hands of a 
 savage, induced him to submit to these orders. He says in his notes 
 of the day, " I had great reason at times to shoot the savage down on 
 the spot, and know not how long it may be before I shall have to do 
 so terrible an act to save my own dear life." But he more wisely 
 reserved his punishment until they should reach the ships. 
 
narch, tsar. 
 
 The Nriv Dkappointment 
 
 ;509 
 
 E-mi-mcn and Oot-plh caught the same spirit, so far as to make 
 inexcusable delays ; and these were increased by the usual experi- 
 ences of gales which bound Hall a day or more at a time, and to- 
 ward the last of the journey, by the complete giving-out of the Ao't; 
 sledge, on tlie temperature rising to 16°. All the dogs were then 
 attached to the large sledge in the midst of a furious snow-drift. 
 They were showing their faintness for want of food by their tails 
 standing straight out, instead of curling over their backs. As the 
 result of all these causes of delay, the speed was never more than 
 three miles per hour, and generally less. On the 24th, however, they 
 had struck the land, from which their course was nearly direct to the 
 head of the bay ; on the 31st, they again sighted the ships. 
 
 This journey for dogs had cost Hall fifty-two more days of pre- 
 cious time, during which his sufferings appear to have been borne 
 with his usual fortitude. He now found that his proposed journey to 
 King William's Land was again utterly arrested. Two months before, 
 when he had his men seemingly secured, the captains' plea had been 
 that they could not spare the dogs. He had now returned from 
 Ig-loo-lik with his own full team; but the whaling season is open, and 
 he is behind time ; they cannot spare a man. Hall could punish 
 Ou-e-Ia, as he now did, by seizing all his dogs and holding them until 
 he had given penitent pledges for future good conduct. But it is not 
 surprising that for a number of days he lay sick and almost hopeless 
 in his iyloo. His feelings, however, and his relations to the masters of 
 the vessels will be best learned from the following letter, addressed to 
 
 one of them at this time : 
 
 My Snow House Encampment, 
 
 Bcjnilw Bay, Ajn-il 12, 1807. 
 My Dear Sib : Your note of this date, solicitingf my company on board 
 your vessel to tea this evening, has been received. I thank you for this kindly 
 
310 
 
 HalVs Letter About the Men. 
 
 [April, 1867. 
 
 % 
 
 request, for by it I judge, if iny heart is not amiss, that you did not really intend 
 to wound my feelings, and do nie and the cause I represent the injustice you did 
 on board the Glacier last Friday evening. Allow me to state that I am not 
 aware of ever having entertained for a moment any thought to injure your feel- 
 ings in any way. The very nature of the mission to which I have devoted the 
 last seven years of my life has led me to do all in my power to get to King Will- 
 iam's Land and its neighboring lands as soon as possible, and, therefore, I have 
 never swerved from this priucii)le, which has been to do all in my power to live 
 on good terms with every man, that I might have his co-operation in accomplish- 
 ing the end I have in view, to wit, the rescue of some survivor or survivors of Sir 
 John Franklin's Expedition, whom I have believed might still be living, and that 
 I might recover some of the journals of that expedition, and otherwise gain most 
 important information relating to the fate of all the missing ones. 
 
 Obstacle after obstacle has been before me, but perseverance has overcome 
 them all except the last. I have done all, as now seemeth to me, that I could do 
 to remove it. How sorrowfully disai)pointed will the noble-hearted Mr. Grinnell 
 be, and the thousands of good hearts of our countrymen, and of other portions of 
 the civilized world, when they find that I have been obliged to turn back just 
 when I should, and might well, push on, and quickly finish up the work before 
 me I Believe me, captain, when I tell you that I feel in my own heart that with 
 the renewal of your warm co-operation at once, or in a very few days, I and the 
 previously-organized sledge party can this spring perform my purposed sledge 
 journey in season to be back here the latter part of June ; and that by your thus 
 doing there will be no occasion for organizing another party of like kind here- 
 after. If you knew how deeply I regret the withdrawal of your helping hand, 
 just at the moment when, as I feel, it is most needed, I am sure you would ex- 
 tend it again without a moment's delay. I pray you consider this whole matter, 
 not as mine alone, but as Mr. Grinnell's, and the thousands who have their eyes 
 upon me, and feel a deei) interest in all that pertains to Sir John Franklin's lost 
 expedition. 
 
 Excuse me, captain, if I am not there to tea, for really I feel so overwhelmed 
 in grief at my disappointment in not making the sledge journey for which I have 
 so long been preparing, that I am sure I could not contribute one jot to any one's 
 social enjoyment. 
 
 Most respectfully, 
 
 C. F. HALL. 
 
I s 
 
 p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 n 
 
 JOURNEY TO CAPE WEYNTON AND WINTER OF 1868. 
 

 in: 
 
 111 r* ; "•■ 
 
 I ' 
 
 w 1 1 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 AXXIETY FOn THE SAFETY OF THE CACHE MADE IX 18(i0— HaLL's PAUTY SETS OUT TO VISIT IT, 
 
 May 1— Route by Giuson's Cove, Waluus Island, and Iwiluk to Christie Lake- 
 Sails RAISED ON THE SLED— SnoW-BLINDNESS— MiLES LAKE REACHED— STUANGE InNUITS 
 
 seen— The Sea of Ak-koo-lee and Toint Hakgrave reached — Expedients to hurry 
 ui' THE DOGS— Cape Weynton reached — The cache changed— Return to Beacon 
 Hill— A week's musk-ox hunt— Survey of Ships Harbor Islands- Na five supeijsti- 
 Tiox— Hall's purchase ok supplies- Capture of a walrus — The hiring of five 
 WHITE MEN— Winter quarters. 
 
 No new journey now to King William's Land! In addition to this 
 extreme disappointment, there came upon Hall the uncomfortable 
 remembrance of the deposit of provisions made at Cape Weynton, a 
 twelvemonth before, which he had so fondly hoped would serve him 
 on going- out again at this veiy time. The safety of the cache, which 
 had never been a certainty, now became a matter of deep concern from 
 the accounts received from the whalers of the conduct of the Pelly Bay 
 natives, who had been laying their hands on many small articles 
 belonging to the ships, and even on the tents left on shore. There 
 was reason, therefore, to apprehend that on their return home, on 
 which the tribe had now set out, they would destroy this advance 
 deposit, which otherwise would be so much gain whenever Hall could 
 renew his journey. He must go now to the Cape. 
 
 Expecting to be absent not longer than twelve days, he gained 
 
 m 
 
314 
 
 Sledfic Trip to Cape Wcynton. 
 
 [Iflart 1807. 
 
 1 
 
 ( 
 
 , i 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 !«■ 
 
 ^'^.^'SpH 
 
 tliG consent of the captains to take Frank Leonard and Peter Bayne, 
 of the Ansell Gibbs; and Silas Norton, of the Concordia; and witli 
 these and his own two Eskimos, left Ships Harbor Islands May 1. He 
 had a team of nineteen dogs for a Large sled, the full load on which 
 weighed 1,700 pounds; several Innuit friends assisted in loading up 
 and starting it. Over the smooth sea-ice their first advance averaged 
 two and a half miles per hour. Passing next over two miles of rough 
 ice befoi-e entering Gibson's Cove, at noon they arrived at Walrus 
 Island; at 2 p. m. they were opposite Iwillik; and at 10 p. m. com- 
 pleted their first igloo. The keen appetite of travel was satisfied by a 
 hearty meal of raw deer-meat, coffee, and bread, with rank whale- 
 blubber for butter; and the dogs had a small meal to prevent their 
 running back to the islands. 
 
 The travel through the early part of the next day was under sail 
 hoisted on the sled to assist the dogs, until the wind died away and 
 the sun came out. The sails were then furled and the sled re-shod. 
 Night found them under a high bluff" hill on the east side of Christie 
 Lake, the choice of which spot was made in the expectation that water 
 could be obtained by removing some of the snow from the huge bank. 
 In this the party were not disappointed. 
 
 The next day they were housed by a gale from the north-north- 
 west, which had set in on the night previous, accompanied by flying 
 snow so thick that one . "uld not see an arm's length, nor visit the 
 water-supply; on digging through the snow, however, Ebierbing found 
 water within the encampment. All hands then turned out and built 
 a toohsoo (outer igloo) to protect the dogs, and "preserve their fat for 
 working service." When the gale broke, the carcass of an old Polar 
 beai-, which had been brought along for them, was chopped up and 
 
Itfar. INd7.1 
 
 Skdf/c Trip to Cape Weynton. 
 
 315 
 
 distributed. In the «venin<^ tlie dome of tlie igloo was built up higher, 
 08 it was beginning to come down. 
 
 On the 4tli, Ebierbing and Norton were painfully affected with 
 snow-blindness, and again a strong breeze with flying drift prevailed; 
 but at 1.40 1), m. the extreme end of Christie Lake was reached, and here, 
 at the ** Lower Narrows," a b.'ind of sixteen deer was seen; this excited 
 the dogs to increased speed. At 2.55, the party crossed the very short 
 portage between Dr. Rae's One-mile Lake and his Six-mile Lake, from 
 the northwest end of which last they passed on to a pond, and at the 
 end of the next half hour descended the 100-foot bank spoken of by 
 Rae, and made their third igloo on Miles Lake. On the portage 
 between the lakes, a long line of stones was found, set up on a sharp 
 ridge of rocks, to frighten the deer and force them into a particular 
 route. During the day, Norton, who was leading the party, had sud- 
 denly halted his team on discovering what seemed to him the foot- 
 prints of a man; they were only some of nature's freaks with the 
 snow. The travel had averaged two and a half miles per hour, 
 although the snow was quite deep, and not hardened by the northward 
 or westerly gales. The snow-blindness of Ebierbing and of Frank 
 and Norton increased ; yet the journey was resumed after having 
 made, for use on the return trip, a deposit of one-third of the provis- 
 ions under the snow bed-platform of the hut which they now left. 
 
 Strange Innuits were here discovered crossing Miles Lake, and 
 coming at first directly toward Hall while loading up his sledge. They 
 proved to be *^ Koong-oii-e-lik^^ ("Mind-your-own-business") and the big 
 son of Too-shoo-art-thar-i-u, who, with three dogs, were drawing a 
 nnisk-ox skin filled with the beef The hours from midnight to '6 a. m. 
 were spent in endeavoring to get again upon the tracks of these natives. 
 
Ill)' i 
 
 ;;i«i 
 
 Snow-hUnd. 
 
 irnny, IHHt. 
 
 J ■ 
 
 
 ii 
 
 ill conHctiuonco of tho Iohh of lour do^s which had HtraytMl off, stututing 
 th(Mr musk-ox meat Much hindered by the thickly-faUinjj snow, Hall 
 and Peter Bayno succeeded in recovering the dogs at the Ujloos wliero 
 tho Polly Hay men were sleeping. No one of these showed his head, 
 hut various stolen articles were observed lying outside of the hut. 
 Half an hour later, an advance was again made toward the sea of 
 Ak-koo-lee on the same route which had been followed in 186G. 
 During the day Frank and Norton, blindfolded, sometimes rode upon 
 tho sledge, at others walked behind, resting upon it; at 6.35 p. m., tho 
 party halted on the bed of a river. Thier next igloo, on the Gth, was 
 made at 10.15 a. m., the travel having been made during the night to 
 prevent snow-blindness. At 10 p. m. of the same day, again starting 
 out, they had the misfortune to run off a steep bank 50 feet high, which 
 threw all into consternation, and nearly broke their necks. The acci- 
 dent, however, delayed them but ten minutes. 
 
 On the 7th, they arrived on the ice of Ak-koo-lee, and at 4.25 a. m. 
 Point Hargrave was reached. Ascending the heights of this point, 
 Hall endeavored with his telescope to ascertain the possibility of push- 
 ing out from the land, but found the appearance of the ice to be 
 entirely too rough for sledging ; he was restricted to his old route on 
 the ice-foot. The water carried in the fur-covered keg for re-icing 
 the sled-runners failed, and the keg itself was soon afterward unfortu- 
 nately lost from the sled. No one had ridden on the march of this 
 day except the faithful cook, Too-koo-li-too, whose occupation allowed 
 her little sleep at night. At 8.30 a. m., the fifth igloo was made at the 
 west point of Cape Lady Felly. 
 
 At 4 p. m., May 9, Hall was delighted to see by the aid of his 
 glass, the rock beside which were deposited the greater part of the 
 
ffinr. iH«r.i Enticements for llmufnj Dogs. 317 
 
 stores placed there in ISfJO. At noon lie had with {^'eat difliculty 
 taken an ** inditlbrent observation" of the snn, vvliich gave for hLs hiti- 
 tude 67° 50' N. ; a gale with snow had prevailed during the preced- 
 ing twenty-four hours. His anxiety to complete this journey and set 
 at rest the question of the safety of the cache will be inferred from 
 such incidents as the following: His "medicine" (trejitmeni ?) for 
 the snow-blind — i. e., tying up their eyes — had proved a charming 
 success. He polished the icing of his sled-runners by rubbing it on 
 with his bare hands, and found that after the first trial he could by 
 himself easily draw Too-koo-li-too, Frank, Silas, and Peter ; all three 
 seated upon a full load. To hurry up the tired and hungry dogs he 
 had adopted several expedients ; among these, sending some of the 
 men ahead, who, with a deer-bone and knife, at one time made strokes 
 as though cutting off meat, and at another cut up small pieces 
 of his Ig-loo-lik sledge and threw them into the air now and then 
 ahead, letting the dogs see that the pieces were kow. This experiment 
 succeeded even in the case of a fagged-out animal in the rear when 
 he was transferred to the front ; the poor creature's efforts to get at 
 the much-desired meat were a great incentive to his followers. These 
 devices were practiced at a time when the weather was very thick. 
 At 11.10 p. m., he found himself by the side of the rock near which, 
 in the previous spring, he had erected a little pile of stones represent- 
 ing Faith, Hope, and Charity, and, to his great satisfaction, on ham- 
 mering loose the stones from his cache, he discovered that all had 
 been unmolested except that a fox had eaten a portion of the ook- 
 gooTc skin which covered the trunk, and that Arctic mice had been 
 busily nibbling at his tent. At midnight, having loaded the sledge 
 with all the stores of the cache, he returned to his igloo, when the 
 

 318 
 
 The Deposit Changed. 
 
 [May, 18«7. 
 
 ml 
 
 m 
 
 whole party rested until 5 p. m. of the next day. The icing on the 
 sled-runners had proved so solid on the night previous, as to be unin- 
 jured even when the dogs were flying over the rocks of the Cape — or 
 bluff, as he thinks this point should rather be named, as " it is no cape 
 at all, but simply a little hill rising above the low snow-clad coast." 
 
 Hall could not forget the necessity of having a cache certainly 
 awaiting him on the first rencAved advance which he could make to- 
 ward King William's Land. It marks an indomitable will and faith in 
 his final success that although disappointed in the three preceding 
 years, he should again deposit at a distance from him, such valuable 
 stores to await the issues of a fourth twelve month. His purpose at 
 this date was to leave the greater part of the stores at the first place 
 on the coast where he could find loose stones to cover them ; he felt 
 satisfied they would be safer at such a plac« than at the Cape, 
 for he had learned that his apprehensions of the Pelly Bay men were 
 well grounded. 
 
 Happily he found a spot seemingly every way suited for the 
 purpoa>?. His notes, with their usual precision, record this location of 
 the deposit: "Cape Weynton, N. G2^ E. (by compass) : Range of hills 
 in which deposit was made running S. 45° E. and N. 45° W. : Deposit 
 made near the face of hill, thirty-three of my paces from a little pile 
 of stones on top of a rock." 
 
 The Return Journey occupied, in all, the days from lip. m.. May 
 10, to 11 p. m., May 17. Hall arrived at Beacon Hill at 6.30 a. m. of 
 the 17th, and at Ships Harbor Islands at the date last named. The 
 notes of this journey, although they record the usual details, present 
 no very special items of interest, except the appearance of a much 
 
niar. iMor.i Return to Beacon Hill. 319 
 
 swifter and more comfortable advance than on the outward trip. The 
 state of the weather, the condition of the ice, and the lightened sled 
 were all in favor of the return. At the igloo where, on his journey 
 out. Hall had recovered his straying dogs and found the scattered 
 articles and the Pelly Bay men, he had again a sight of these natives, 
 and purchased from them some musk-ox meat. Game had been 
 scarce, and the dogs more than once unusually hungry. The deposit 
 made at their third igloo in going up, they now found ripped up by 
 the wolves, and the musk-ox meat was all gone. At Beacon Hill, 
 Frank, (whom Hall the least excuses as his " lieutenant and the re- 
 sponsible party"), together with Norton and Peter, left him and his 
 two Eskimos to get forward to Ships Harbor Island as best they 
 could. Captains Potter and White, with their usual courtesy, sent out 
 to Beacon Hill an invitation to breakfast with them on board ship, 
 where he found himself again comfortably at home. 
 
 After a week's rest from this trip, he started off on a musk-ox 
 hunt. His party was made up of Captains Kilmer and Baker, with 
 seven native men and Too-koo-li-too. The hunting-grounds were 
 above Miles Lake ; the outward journey and return made 220 miles of 
 travel. Forty musk-cattle were seen and a large number of deer, as 
 well as of marmots. Twenty-seven musk-oxen, seven deer, and five 
 mamiots were killed, and the party drove home well satisfied with 
 their three fully-laden sledges, drawn by forty dogs. They had been 
 absent from the ships eight days, during part of which Captain Kil 
 mer had been affected with snow-blindness, making his journey by 
 walking at times behind the sledge, and at others, riding on it, bu c 
 still doing good work on the hunt. 
 
 No notes are to be found of Hall's occupations during the first 
 
320 Fragmentary Notes. [*"»e, iser. 
 
 nineteen days of June ; and the same remark is, unfortunately, true 
 in reg-ard to a large part of the remainder of the year. The record, 
 therefore, which closes this chapter, being made up in part from frag- 
 mentary memoranda, will necessarily be brief. It has not been 
 found possible to determine whether he intermitted writing his jour- 
 nals, or whether they were written and afterward lost. The precis- 
 ion with which he had up to this time jotted down the minutest details 
 of his work and its surroundings, induces the belief that he must have 
 written out his notes of the occurrences of the long period from June 
 to February of the next year. On the other hand, it were not a forced 
 inference which might be drawn from his fearful disappointments in 
 the preceding spring, that he did not renew the journalizing which had 
 so often heavily tasked his energies and health. But, again, it is to be 
 remarked that thus far the utmost care appears to have been taken by 
 him of every paper and book ; deposits of these being made when 
 moving from place to place, the bearings of which deposits were noted 
 and put into the hands of faithful persons who might find and take to 
 the United States an account of what work he had done, should his own 
 life fail ; and, still further, that, when on a subsequent sledge journey, 
 a few of his notes were scattered by the wind, he carefully recorded 
 the fact. The following are the chief incidents occurring within the 
 summer months, which have been found within the occasional jour- 
 nalizing seemingly practiced. 
 
 Returning from the musk-ox hunt, he took up his residence on 
 one of the islands near the ships, which were eagerly looking for their 
 release from the ice ; and during the latter part of the month he was 
 again busy in surveying, making observations, and studying his Arctic 
 books. From prominent points he daily took sextant angles, meas- 
 
II 
 
P' 
 
 M 
 
 d 
 
 V 
 
 2 
 
 
 IS 
 
 
 I— I 
 
 o 
 
 7^ 
 
Jaly, I8«r.] 
 
 Visits Between Ship and Shore 
 
 321 
 
 ^|i^ 
 
 ured his base-lines, again sketched the coast-line, and collected much 
 material for its further delineation. For the benefit of his friends 
 the whalers, he made a special survey of the group known as Ships 
 Harbor Islands, to which reference has been more than once already 
 made. Finding that when his compass was carefully placed in posi- 
 tion and was undisturbed, the needle still shifted in a very short time 
 from four to five degrees, he made for himself a rough instrument, 
 which, he says, answered the purj^ose of a theodolite. The draughts- 
 man who made the accompanying map has found that the observations 
 made by this instrument agree well. His work was uncomfortably 
 interrupted by the frequent occurrence of rain-storms, one of which 
 continued throughout five days. It cleared off the snow from the 
 land and formed pools of water upon the ice of the bay. 
 
 The natives for the most of the time were scattered : some were 
 at Oo-gla-ri-your Island hunting deer; others on the land iishing for 
 salmon. Mam-.narJc, who had often made one of his party, died be- 
 fore the month closed, among her friends who were sealing on the 
 ice. Hall's cordial intercourse with the whalers had been promptly 
 renewed, frequent visits being exchanged between ship and shore. 
 Several of their boats' crews had been encamped on Beach Point for 
 some weeks, having been prevented by the ice from getting down the 
 Welcome to Whale Point. When some of these crews had come up to 
 their ships for supplies, and found, after a weary tramp over the ice, that 
 their captains and nearly all the natives were absent seaHng, Hall 
 cheerfully assisted them by loaning his own sledge and dogs to take 
 back provisions to the needy. 
 
 On the i3d of Jvily, a party of Ig-loo-lik natives, numbering 
 ten men, twelve women, and twenty-seven children, came down to 
 
 S. Ex. 27 21 
 

 ■3 wT 
 
 o 
 
 (/I 
 
 Q 
 
 5 
 
 >< 
 > 
 
 
 
 ^ = w 
 
 C/] 
 
 p: 
 
 "J 
 
 < 
 
 J 
 
 x 
 
 << 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 
 P- 
 
 
 1—1 
 
 
 K 
 
 
 75 
 
 V 
 
 2 
 
 a 
 
jHir. iN«r. 
 
 Visits Between Ship and Shore 
 
 321 
 
 ured his base-lines, again sketched the coast-line, and collected much 
 material for its further delineation. For the benefit of his friends 
 the whalers, he made a special survey of the group known as Ships 
 Harbor Islands, to which reference has been more than once already 
 made. Finding that when his compass was carefully placed in posi- 
 tion and was undisturbed, the needle still shifted in a very short time 
 from four to five degrees, he made for himself a rough instrument, 
 which, he says, answered the purjjose of a theodolite. The draughts- 
 man who made the accompanying map has found that the observations 
 made by this instrument agree well. His work was uncomfortably 
 interrupted by the frequent occurrence of rain-storms, one of which 
 continued throughout five days. It cleared off the snow from the 
 land and formed pools of water upon the ice of the bay. 
 
 The natives for the most of the time were scattered : some were 
 at Oo-gla-ri-your Island hunting deer; others on the land fishing for 
 salmon. Mani-marJc, who had often made one of his party, died be- 
 fore the month closed, among her friends who were sealing on the 
 ice. Hall's cordial intercourse with the whalers had been promptly 
 renewed, frequent visits being exchanged between ship and shore. 
 Several of their boats' crews had been encamped on Beach Point for 
 some weeks, having been prevented by the ice from getting down the 
 Welcome to Whale Point. When some of these crews had come up to 
 their ships for supplies, and found, after a weary tramp over the ice, that 
 their captains and nearly all the natives were absent sealing. Hall 
 cheerfully assisted them by loaning his own sledge and dogs to take 
 back provisions to the needy. 
 
 On the 3d of July, a party of Ig-loo-lik natives, numbering 
 ten men, twelve women, and twenty-seven children, came down to 
 
 S. Ex. 27 21 
 
m 
 
 322 
 
 Jult/ the Fourth. 
 
 [jiair. iser. 
 
 
 visit the ships ; among them Hall recognized many of the friends made 
 on his visit in the spring. His foraier impressions of the dangers 
 through which he was passing from the superstitions of the Iwillik 
 natives was strengthened now again by Too-koo-li-too, who said that 
 the wife of Oof-pik attributed the death of Queen Emma to the fact 
 that his own Eskimo, Ebierbing, hkd caught a certain kind of seal. 
 Ou-e-Ja himself had said the same thing. Hall writes of this: "No won- 
 der our lives have been in danger much of the time while living with 
 these Iwillik people. I knew long ago that they thought me the 
 cause of the death of Shoo-she-ark-nook and Ar-too-a, but not until now 
 did I know that the death of one of Ou-e-lcCs wives was thought by 
 them to be caused by Ebierbing. It seems that the wife cleaned the 
 skin of Ebierbing's seal of its hair and blubber. Oot-pik^s wife de- 
 clines to eat any of our seal-meat, abundance of which we have in 
 our tent, because he was the one who killed the seals. She had been 
 told by the Iwillik Innuits not to eat any of any seal of Ebierbing's 
 killing, for if she did she would die." 
 
 On the 4th, Hall dined on the Black Eagle with the masters of 
 the ships in the harbor, and the national flag was displayed from the 
 mast-head of each vessel and from his own tupik By the 7th of the 
 month open water could be seen to the southward ; it extended itself 
 by the 9th above Oo-gla-ri-your Island, now named by the whale- 
 men. Hall Island. On the night of the 10th, ice of the thickness 
 of common window-glass formed on the pools of water of the open 
 spaces amid the sea-ice near the shore, although Hall's thermom- 
 eter stood at 40°. Mosquitoes had made their appearance as early 
 as the 4th. 
 
 On the 24th, the steamer Nimrod, from St. John's (Capt. E. Chapel), 
 
AugHBt, iser.i Purchases Made from the Ships. 323 
 
 came into the harbor, having on board his brother, Capt. Christopher 
 Chapel, and thirty others, who had been picked up on the ice of Hud- 
 son's Strait, near North Bluflf, where their sln"p, the Pioneer, was 
 crushed. From the Nimrod, Hall obtained a heavy cotton sail and 
 500 pounds of sea-bread, in payment for which he gave an order on 
 his steadfast friend in New York, Mr. Grinnell ; for a number of use- 
 ful small articles he gave in return deer skins and meat. From an 
 English vessel, which came in, August 2, he procured a number of 
 hatchets, knives, saws, powder-horns, daggers, and smaller articles, for 
 his future trading, paying for these with 248 pounds of his bone, 
 valued at $1 per pound. He received a present of a Nautical Almanac 
 for the year 1868. 
 
 From the whalers already named and from others coming in, he 
 completed his purchases of provisions and stores for the coming year 
 and for a new joui'ney ; among his latest supplies were those from the 
 schooner Era, commanded by Capt. G. E. Tyson, afterward one of the 
 officers of the United States steamer Polaris. His indebtedness on 
 these last accounts amounted to $455.06, the value, as he estimated it, 
 of the remainder of his whalebone on the Ansell Gibbs. It must be 
 said in justice to him that his purchases and his orders for payment 
 were made in good faith, proof of which is found in a letter from Mr. 
 Grinnell, dating after the return of the whaler, which letter acknowl- 
 edges the receipt of monies on Hall's account from Captain Kilmer, 
 of this ship. Each of the captains, while they remained in Repulse 
 Bay, made him valuable presents, including some useful books. 
 
 On the 1 3th of August, he went over to Pi-tik-tou-yer, to remain 
 there for the purpose of catching whales. He found the natives living 
 in some twenty tupiks; but a few days after, most of the men moved 
 
324 
 
 The Starviny Natives Assisted. 
 
 [Nrplembor, 1867. 
 
 r":i. 
 
 i 
 
 off to Lyon's Inlet to hunt for deer, some going* by land from the head 
 of Haviland Bay and others by boats through Hurd's Channel. Hall 
 sent one crew in the Sylvia and another in the Lady Franklin to the 
 east side of the bay to hunt deer, but they soon returned completely 
 drenched with the rains. A second crew sent out for a whale were 
 equally unsuccessful, and the women and childi'en on shore, number- 
 ing twenty-eight, who had been de- 
 pending on him for food, could receive 
 nothing except some bread and the 
 walrus-hide given him by Captain 
 Tyson for dog-food. He then sent 
 some of the w^'te men who were 
 with him on another deer-hunt, and, 
 while waiting their return, distributed 
 to the hungry people all the provis- 
 ions he had, and then returned to his 
 old place on the island, taking with him Ar-mou and his family, one of 
 whom was sick. Two days afterward, his party returned with two 
 deer, and one of the Whalers having caught a whale, the necessities of 
 the Innuits were relieved. Two of their well-filled boats had sighted 
 the capture from the head of the bay, and hastened down to feed on 
 the skin. Hall towed the carcass on shore for dog-food. He found 
 that the dogs had been eating the bodies of some of the Innuits, 
 who had been insecui'ely buried. 
 
 On the 1st of September he again took up his residence at Iwillik, 
 from which place he made vigorous efforts to secure whales or walrus, 
 but the stormy weather forbade success ; the southeast wind at times 
 driving the ice in upon the shore, and a northeaster at other times 
 
 HALL'S BOAT-LOO. 
 
 
Nrpirmbrr, is«y.i A Wnlfus SrcuYcd. 325 
 
 clearing out the harbor. The snow was bej^inninj^ to fall and the ice 
 rapidly formed to the thickness of half an inch. 
 
 On the first favorable day for walrusing, he went out with some 
 of his men, and after a long fight secured one walrus. Four had been 
 sighted lying asleep on the ice; but at the first attack the iron thrown 
 by Ar-mou struck only the folds of the hide of one animal and gave 
 the alarm b}*^ which all escaped. Later in the day, Antoine, a Portu 
 guese man of Hall's party, threw an iron into another walrus ; but his 
 line fouling, he was compelled to cut it, and on Ebierbing's getting into 
 the bow to throw another weapon, he was caught by the line and 
 knocked overboard, escaping by a long jump to the ice. Coming up 
 to two other walruses, the crew fastened the harpoon in one which 
 turned fiercely to attack the boat with his tusks, when a well-directed 
 i-ifle-shot put an end to the fight. The carcass was towed to the head 
 of Gibson's Cove, and there cut up and cached. 
 
 On the 17th, he went into winter quarters two miles east of Beacon 
 Hill. It seems certain that he had at this time with him five men, 
 whom he had hired from the ships, whose names, so far as can be 
 learned, were: Frank Lailor, of the Glacier; Peter Bayne, of the 
 
 Ansell Gibbs; and Pat Coleman, Antoine , and John S. Spear- 
 
 min, from some of the other vessels the names of which are not given. 
 These men had been already in his service during the month previous, 
 as will be inferred from their having taken part in the deer, walrus, 
 and whale-hunts. No executed contract has been found, but from a 
 blank rough draft appearing to have been drawn up in August, 
 the following terms of service and compensation are gathered : The 
 men were to be hired for one year, or for a longer period if no oppor- 
 tunity should offer within the year for their return to the United 
 
w 
 
 4 
 
 32U 
 
 The Contract with Five White Men. 
 
 [Uclober, IMMT. 
 
 m- I 
 
 
 
 States. Their services were to be of any kind that Hall might 
 require and deem niorft essential, and they were well informed that 
 their labors would not be light or their dangers small, and that the 
 preservation of their lives would oftentimes depend upon their own 
 exertions, as their food and clothing must be acquired from the icy 
 seas and the wild hunting-grounds of the north. The party of the 
 second part (for the contract was evidently with each man under the 
 approval of the captain of his ship) agreed that in consideration of 
 $500 per year, he would render the services required of him with 
 strict obedience to each and every order of his commander, and 
 would receive such a recompense as he would fairly deserve for faith- 
 fulness, energ}', and honest devotion to his work. But neither service 
 nor pay were to be continued longer at the furthest than to the date 
 from which a passage could be taken on a good ship from Repulse 
 Bay in the Fall of 1868. 
 
 From the time of his going into winter quarters, and throughout 
 the following months of October, November, and December, and the 
 first month of the year 1868, Hall seems to have kept no continuous 
 journal His provision-lists during these months are made out for 
 eight persons at the encampment, showing that the five white men and 
 Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too, with himself, made up the party. The 
 lists contain in detail the items of Arctic sustenance — of deer necks, 
 heads, ribs, and belly meat, backbone and legs, with tood-noo, walrus- 
 meat and blubber muk-tuk, and a small quantity of salmon. This 
 provision, in addition to what he drew from the stores received from 
 the whalers (which included a few cans of preserved meat, beef and 
 mutton, with a little dried fruit), would seem to have been ample for 
 the necessities of life ; the footing up of his lists for seventy -three days 
 
 '.Jkiiti: 
 
November, i««T.) Winter Quarttrs for a Third Year. 327 
 
 being 1,637 pounds, or an avernfre per day of about 22 pounds for 
 the party. Up to the first week in November, his frugmentary notes 
 show that fifty-one deer had been killed. He trained his men to hard- 
 ships and busied himself with new plans. He had with him packages 
 of the New York papers, and particularly the Journal of Commerce, 
 in which his own letters to the United States had been more than once 
 published. His friend Mr. Grinnell, who had sent out these with his 
 renewed supplies, had expected him home in September. The letters 
 of friendship from Mr Grinnell and from his daughter Sylvia had 
 informed him that a special ship would have been sent for him, had it 
 not been known that at least two whalers were near him in the bay. 
 But these letters also advised him that, from what he had already 
 written home, much anxiety was felt among his friends not only in 
 the United States but in England to hear more of Franklin's men. 
 Hall determined to endure another Arctic winter, and then, if possi- 
 ble, strike once more for King William's Land. 
 
!i 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 In 
 
 
p 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 m 
 
 JOURNEYS TO THE STRAIT OF FURY AND HECLA AND 
 TO LYON'S INLET, AND FOURTH WINTER. 
 
 FEBRUARY, llt6», TO MARCH, 1869. 
 
'if ,)'i " 
 
 .1 h 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 HaIJ, PUUP08E8 TO VISIT THE NOUTHEHN PART OF MELVILLE PeNINSULA-ReaSONS FOH THIS 
 JOUKNEY IN PLACE OF ONE TO KiNO WiLLIAM'S LaND-ThE INFORMATION FROM THE NA- 
 TIVES OF A MONUMENT AND TRACES OF WHITE MEN SEEN THERE SINCE 1803— PURCHASES THE 
 FEW DOGS STILL ALIVE AMONG THE NATIVES— HiS PROVISION-LIST FOR THE JOUPJJEY AND 
 ARTICLES OF BARTER— LoSES SOME OF HIS NOTES BY THE OALE-EnCAMPS O.N THE ICE 
 NEAR THE OOGLIT ISLANDS- CONVERSES WITH THE NATIVES— VISITS PaRRY BaY WITH 
 
 Koo-Loo-A— Finds a monument— Digs in vain for the cache— Finds the remains of 
 
 A TENTING-PLACE ONCE OCCUPIED BY WHITE MEN-DlSCOVERS GrINNELL LaKE AND BrE- 
 
 voort Kiver- Visits Amherst Island— Returns to Tern Island-Holds further 
 
 CONVEraATIONS WITH THE NATIVES— RECEIVES SEVERAL MAPS DRAWN BY THE ESKIMOS— 
 
 Visits Gifford River to find another tenting-place— Returns to Repulse Bay— 
 Salmon-fishing and deer-hunts— Mutiny of one of the five white men— Loss of 
 LIFE- Capture of a second whale— Journey to Lyon's Inlet— Survey— Discharge 
 of the four white men— Hall dries venison and prepares pemmican in his own 
 igloo— Plans for a new sledge journey to King William's Land. 
 
 Before the winter of 1867-'68 closed, every preparation had been 
 made for renewing- the advance of the preceding year. But Hall now 
 felt himself suddenly and unexpectedly called to that part of Melville 
 Peninsula which borders on Fury and Hecla Strait. His reasons for 
 making- this journey in place of going to King William's Land, were in 
 his own mind sufficient to induce the change ; they are here given in 
 nearly the language of his own notes, unimportant details only being 
 omitted. 
 
 In the latter part of October, 1867, Papa-te-wa, a brother of ^r- 
 mou, had told him that a few years before, an Innuit had seen, some- 
 
I 
 
 pill 
 
 I :U 
 
 332 
 
 The Monument on Melville Peninsula. 
 
 [iaauarrt 1S08. 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 ll< 
 
 where in the neighborhood of Ig-loo-Uk, two stone buildings, "not 
 such as Innuits ever made, but quite large, long, wide, and high." To 
 this story, which appeared quite improbable, Hall at first paid but lit- 
 tle attention ; but a few days after this, Ebierbing showed Papa, on 
 Parry's chart, the country around Tg-loo-lik ; and as soon as the na- 
 tive understood the chart, he pointed out the place where these build- 
 ings had been found, and gave the name of the Innuit who had seen 
 them when on his deer-hunt. It was on the south side of the strait, 
 about half way between Cape Englefield and Amherst Island, and the 
 buildings, he said, were on a low shelving shore near some bold high- 
 land. Papa said of the Innuit, Kia, who had seen them, that he was 
 a man who would never lie. He gave as a reason for Kia\'i close 
 observation of every object in that country, his consciousness that his 
 own life had long been in perpetual danger from the relatives of one 
 who had been slain by one of his kinsmen ; for, according to Innuit 
 belief, the soul of the slain can never rest until some near relative of 
 the slayer shall pay the debt with his blood. Of Pajja himself. Hall 
 says that he was a good-natured, intelligent, and truthful native, who 
 had lived five years near Ponds Bay and many more at Ig-loo-lik. 
 
 Frequent conversations were, therefore, held with Papa, and with 
 his friend Ik-ku-mer, to learn everything on this new and interesting 
 subject ; and in the early part of February following, Hall sent Ebier- 
 bing and Frank Lailor to a native village, twenty miles distnit on the 
 ice, to ask that some of the natives of Ig-loo-lik who were there would 
 visit him. They returned with Quasha, his wife, and Eek-choo-ar-clioo, 
 whom Hall notes also as "Jerry" — a name probably received from 
 the whalemen. From these natives he learned with further interest 
 that within the past three years they had seen near Ig-loo-lik two 
 
 \k 
 
January, IS6H.] Thc Wliitc McH SccH SIhcc line's VisU. 333 
 
 wJiite men, "one a tall man, the other considerably shorter." On fur- 
 ther close questioning them, his belief in their story was confirmed by 
 the seeming consistency of their statements. They had seen Dr. Rae 
 at Pelly Bay seven years after his first visit to their country, and had 
 remained near Ivvillik seven winters and a half, after Rae went home 
 from his second visit ; after which they went to Ig-loo-lik, and two 
 
 years hter, saw the koh-lu-nas. Some additional particulars which they || 
 
 gave strengthened their story ; among these was an account of a time If 
 
 of suffering by starvation which they had experienced. Hall says 
 that their statements, with other news gained from the Innuits, gave 
 him inexpressible joy, " for it brought the story down as late as 1864, 
 at which time some of Franklin's companions were alive near 1^'ury 
 and Hecla Strait." This was his strong hope. 
 
 A short time afterward, he sent a large load of walrus-meat to 
 relieve the suffering people of this village, numbering fifty-five per- 
 sons, and heard further from them that four years after liae's last visit a 
 ship's beam, painted black on one side, and a long and large mast, had 
 been seen on the east shore near the southei'n terminus of Committee 
 Bay. The Pelly Bay men also were reported as having seen since Dr. 
 Ilae's departure, on the shores of Simpson's Peninsula, a stone monument 
 
 having on its top a thin stone pointing toward Ig-loo-lik. Not satisfied ^ . 
 
 without making every eftbrt to learn the reputation in which Quaslm 
 and his wife were held for truthfulness. Hall now made close inquiries 
 for this of Ar-goo-moo-too-Uk whom he had long trusted, and sent to the 
 village to question the natives on the same point. The replies were 
 every way satisfactory, except that Quasha, in his younger days, had 
 been known as fond of telling yarns ; his wife was considered entirely 
 truthful. Still later in the month, Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too visited 
 
334 Did all of Fravkliri's Party go to Back's Biver? [Janunry, ises. 
 
 Quasha's wife to obtain further news and the minute particuhvrs of the 
 accounts ah-eady received. On their return Hall wrote : " The news 
 relative to there having been seen white men near Ig-loo-lik between 
 1849 and 1865, proves to be true beyond all question in my mind 
 Certainly I am bound at once for Ig-loo-lik and Fury and Hecla 
 Strait. There is not a shadow of doubt about my duty, which is to 
 fly to the rescue of the probable survivors of Franklin's Expedition." 
 It will not be forgotten that this rescue was the chief one of the 
 two objects named in all his appeals and lectures from the date of 
 1860, when he had begun his training for these expeditions by tenting 
 out on the hills of Cincinnati. He now yearned to be off to the strait, 
 which he calls " a hallowed spot." Papa told him that he and all the 
 Ig-loo-lik natives believed the accounts which have been now given, 
 and that some of the survivors might be still found alive; he was will- 
 ing to assist in the search. Hall appears to have been impressed with 
 the great probability that all of Franklin's party had not continued on 
 the hopeless route to Back's River. His hopes of this resulted from 
 reflections like those lately expressed by Dr. Rae, as found in "Smith's 
 Arctic Expeditions, 1878." Rae says: 
 
 What struck me at the time, as it does still, was the great mistake made by 
 Franklin's party in attempting to save themselves by retreating to the Hudson's 
 Bay territories. We should have thought that the fearful sufferings undergone 
 by Franklin and his companions, Richardson and Back, on a former short jour- 
 ney through these barren grounds, would have deterred inexperienced men from 
 attempting such a thing, when the well-known route to Fury Beach — certainly 
 ranch more accessible than any of the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and 
 by which the Rosses escaped in 1832-'33 — was open to them. The distance from 
 their ships to Fury Beach was very little greater than that from where Ross's 
 vessel was abandoned to the same place, and Franklin and his officers must have 
 known that an immense stock of provisions still remained at the jjlace where 
 the Fury was wrecked, and where, even so late as 1869, an immense stock of pre- 
 
 
 iii! 
 
.1 
 
 march, 1868.1 Preparations for Visiting the Strait 335 
 
 served vegetables, soups, tobacco, sugar, flour, &c., still remained (a much larger 
 supply than could be found at many of the Hudson's Bay trading-posta) ; besides, 
 the people would have been in the direct road of searchiiife parties or whalers. 
 The distance to Fury Beach from where the ships were abandoned, roughly 
 measured, is, as nearly as possible, the same as that between the ships and the 
 true mouth of the Great Fish River, or about two hundred and ten geographical 
 miles in a straight line. Had the retreat upon Fury Beach been resolved upon, 
 the necessity for hauling heavy boats would have been avoided, for during the 
 previous season (that of 1847) a small sledge party might have been dispatched 
 thither to ascertain whether the provisions and boats at the depot were safe and 
 available. The successful i)ei'formance of such a journey should not have been 
 difficult for an expedition consisting of 130 men, who, in the record found in 1859 
 by McClintock, were reported all well in the spring of 1847. 
 
 [In connection with these views of Rae, and in recording Hall's 
 enthusiastic expectations, with the repeated and uniform accounts 
 given to him of some v^ ite men having been seen on the peninsula 
 later than 1854 (together with their monument and tenting-place, 
 which he did discover), the questions at this point of the Narra- 
 tive seem irrepressible ; — " Is it possible that some of Franklin's 
 men did make their way eastward to Melville Peninsula?" Will the 
 expedition of 1878 from New York, under Schwatka, or some future 
 explorer lighting on a cairn, ever give the world some answer to this 
 inquiry? for it seems by no means certain that all of the 105 remained 
 under Crozier's leadership toward Back's River. Will the Franklin 
 Records ever be recovered for P^ngland and for the world ?] 
 
 During the first three weeks of March, Hall busied himself in 
 making his preparations. After providing for the four white men 
 whom he would leave at the encampment at Talloon, he made his 
 usual deposit of records and stores. An epidemic had again visited 
 the dogs, and his own team had been reduced from twenty-three to 
 eight. Some having died from the disease, he had killed others to 
 
 I 
 
 ui 
 
 ^$ 
 
U ']. 
 
 1 'I 
 
 '!|ji' 
 
 
 336 
 
 The Dog Disease. 
 
 [Rlarcii, ISttH. 
 
 prevent its spread. He succeeded, however, in securing five from the 
 Innuits, the only dogs except two or three that remained alive about the hay* 
 In return for the information he had just received and for other past 
 services, he added useful articles to the compensation which he gave 
 for these dogs. 
 
 On the 23d, he left his encampment, having for his companions 
 Frank Lailor, Papa and his wife and little child, Ebierbing, and Too- 
 koo-li-too. His provision-list was made up of — bread, 308 pounds ; 
 pemmican, 252 pounds; raw venison, 100 pounds; pork, 17 pounds; 
 sugar, 25 pounds ; coffee and tea, 10 pounds; molasses, 39 pounds; 
 tobacco, 13^ pounds; seal-blubber, 40 pounds, Ook-gook oil, 50 
 pounds, partly for fuel ; — walrus-hide, 463 pounds, and whale-tongue, 
 266 pounds, for dog-food. Expecting to meet his old friends at Ig- 
 loo-lik he counted on renewing his supplies at that place. 
 
 His list of articles for barter and for presents included 50 knives; 
 
 * The peculiar nature of the Eskimo dog disease was closely uoted in the experience of the 
 English Expedition of 1875. The following is taken from the report of Fleet-Surgeon B. Ninnis. 
 (Parliamentary Paper, C. 2176, 1878) : 
 
 " Twenty-live apparently healthy dogs were embarked on board ship in the middle of 
 July, 1875. The number subsequently increased to twenty-seven by the addition of two young 
 ones. We were given to understand that feeding twice a week was amply sufficient ; that the 
 worst possible personal treatment was too good for tlicm, and meat in any stage of decomposition 
 a perfect luxury to their fastidious palates. 
 
 " Seven and twenty animals, confined to a space which the utmost attention was scarcely 
 sufficient to keep habitable, constantly quarreling and fighting for dear life, exposed to sun, 
 dew, snow, and wet generally, and without a chance of a run ashore — it was not to bo won- 
 dered at that they began to show signs of disease. The first attacked was a young female 
 twenty-flvo days on board, and she had a fit and died iu thirteen days. Others became attacked. 
 One Avas summarily shot ; one ran away, and Was seen no more ; two were accidentally drowned ; 
 seven died from the disease ; six recovered; one died mad. 
 
 "Of the whole number, twelve only were under medical treatment; one bad rabies and 
 died ; one so far recovered as to have two litters of pups, and then died ten months after her 
 first fit and two or three days after her last litter ; two fell into the water when in fits and were 
 drowned ; two died notwithstanding everything that was done to cure them, and six recovered 
 and were landed at Disco. # # » xhe treatment found most beneficial was calomel, fol- 
 lowed in some cases by croton-oil and solution of morphia, the best of water, and good food. 
 They were not kicked or cuffed, and they behaved as sociably and decorously as if brought up 
 in a cottage." 
 
April. iN«N.i Papa looses Hairs Notes. .^37 
 
 500 perciussion-caps; a liberal sui)i)ly of ball, powder, and .shot; 1,500 
 needles, and 80 thimbles, besides combs, looking--^lasses, buttons, beads, 
 brass rings, fish-hooks, and files, &e. The experience of his visit of 
 the previous year to Ig-loo-lik had taught him something- of the \alue 
 set upon the smallest of these articles, even upon scraps of iron and 
 wood. 
 
 On arriving at the head of Plaviland Bay, he crossed the land, 
 taking- nearly the same route with that followed the year before, and 
 on the 30tli made his seventh iffloo of the journey on a lakelet just 
 above Lyon's Inlet. While here engaged chiseling a hole through 
 the ice, he had the lamentable misfortune to see Papa flying in full 
 chase after some of his freshly-written notes, which, on unloading the 
 sledge, had been suddenly swept out of their fur-cover l)y a furious 
 blast of tlie gale. Papa returned in three-quarters of an hour ; but, 
 after chasing the books over the lake and beyond the rising ground, 
 he had lost sight of the jottings made since leaving Talloon. The 
 flying drift buried them forever. 
 
 When starting on the second day following, bridle-drags were !|< 
 
 prepared for the sledges, as they had now to descend a steej) hill into 
 a river-bed; a moment after, Pa/;a ran the sled Erebus i:pon the point 
 of a sharp rock which knocked off some of the mossing, whereupon 
 he angrily got a large stone and pounded the point to powder. 
 There was, however, a delay of but five miimtes. On the 2d, they 
 reached Fox Channel, and made their tenth igloo at Oo-soo-ark-u; 
 and here Hall remained one day to please his companions. He took 
 observations for position, and left a de])osit of 103 pounds of bread and 
 fi4 pounds of pemmican for his return journciy. In consequence of 
 heavy and rough ice met with on the 4th they struck offshore, and, 
 
 S. Hx. .{7- 
 
' : : I , 
 
 
 J: m 
 iiill: 
 
 m 
 m. 
 
 338 
 
 Reception at the Oo-f/lit Tshtmh. 
 
 I April, I NAM. 
 
 whoii reacliinj^ the latitudo of the north end of Ain-i-toke, tununl to the 
 weHtward and encamped near it. They met fresh foot-prints seem- 
 ingly of two men and a dog^, and supposed that the men had been wal- 
 rusinjT at the north on the drift-ice, which, being carried away liad 
 brought them to this j)oint before they had a chance of gaining the 
 firm ice. On the 6th of April, the thirteenth iffloo was built at a point 
 called by the Innuits King-me-toke-big, not far from the Oo-glit 
 Islands, and the day following, when within a short drive from these 
 islands, an Innuit who had been out all night on his watch, came up to 
 them with his full sealing-gear. lie proved to be an old man whom 
 Hall had never before seen, but he gave some information as to the 
 number of natives on the islands, and at Ping-it-ka-lik and Ig-loo-lik. 
 Coming to the islands. Hall's party saw standing on the hill-top a row 
 of Innuits watching them; Papa fired off his gun, and the old man, 
 Too-Ioo-arch-oo, cried out to them at the top of his voice, " Mitter Hall, 
 Mitter Hall !" '^I'he natives of the village, when they caught the words, 
 answered with loud cries, set to dancing, and offered as warm a recep- 
 tion as on the previous year. When they crowded into the quickly- 
 built igloo, they were at once met with inquiries as to the accounts of 
 the white men said to have been seen on the Strait. 
 
 Hall remained at these islands from the 7th to the 16th of the 
 month, partly to obtain supplies of walrus-nioat for the continuance of 
 his journey, but chiefly to get from the natives all further information 
 he possibly could, for or against the statements he had received. On 
 the journey he had sprained his left leg while climbing over the rough 
 ice, and this confined him to his bed for several days. While P^bier- 
 bing went to Ig-loo-lik for dog-food, the natives employed Hall's dogs 
 in their own service, their stock having nearly all been swept away by 
 
April, INU»H. 
 
 Con mr nations about the White Men. 
 
 3a9 
 
 (lisoasc A largo number of visitors camo around liini, tlio villaj^o 
 sinco liis arrival having svvellod its population to the number of one 
 hundred. After questioning many of the people, at first separately 
 and then at a time when (piito a party were gathered in his igloo^ ho 
 was further strengthened in his belief of what ho had heard about the 
 white men seen on tho southern shores of the Strait. Ho seems to 
 have really expected that he would soon find sonio of Franklin's men 
 still alive. 
 
 The details of his conversations were written out with great care 
 in a full journal, which was irrecoverably lost in some unaccountable 
 way just before his setting out on tho Polaris Expedition of 1871. 
 From a partial copy of this journal, made at his request by his friend 
 Mr. J. J. Copp, of Groton, Conn., the notes have been taken which are 
 to be found in Paper "B" of Appendix IV. This copy, made by Mr. 
 Copp in books "A" and " B" especially for the use of Lady Franklin, 
 was sent over to that estimable lady just before Hall left the United 
 States on his last ill-fated voyage. Indorsed by him "to be retained 
 by her in trust for a time," it has been courteously returned by her 
 niece, Miss Sophia Cracroft, for use in the preparation of this 
 Narrative. 
 
 Some of the striking points in these conversations, which increased 
 Hall's enthusiasm, and in his judgment justified him in prosecuting 
 this journey, will be found in Appendix named The story may 
 be summed up in brief as follows: Although he could not meet with 
 Kia, for he had been killed by a walrus, he learned from Koo-looa, a 
 native whom he found to be trustworthy, that when he had been hunt- 
 ing all around tho country between Garry Bay and the northwest 
 ca})e of Molvillo Peninsula, he had seen an In-nooJc-bhoo (a monument) 
 
 li 
 
 : U1 
 
f ip' ' ' 
 
 if .1 
 
 JO' 
 
 ■ r. 
 
 
 ■■ii; 
 
 340 
 
 'f/ic ('luthhig and Walk of the Men Seen, lAprJi, tsus. 
 
 on tlie Houtli sido of a river empty lii<^ into u buy iioiir the Cape I'^Ulce 
 of Dr. Kae, and a little west of this a cache of stones, which had been 
 opened and its stones thrown aside. It showed freshness, and was 
 without a si<^n of meat havinj^ been deposited there. Koo-ho-a did not 
 think an Innuit had built it, or that any native before his visit had 
 ever gone up so far from Garry Bay. He had been with Kia when 
 the latter saw the stranjre man. The man had a cap on his head, 
 separate from his overcoat, which had a hood. Kia had kept the 
 stranger in sight for some time, often hiding himself behind the rocks; 
 he had also then heard the discharge of a gun. 
 
 From the time that Kia first gave this account to Koo-loo-a, it 
 had been believed by all the Innuits in the region of the ()o-glit 
 Islands, .and they all now expressed to Hall their confidence in it. 
 Besides such reports, others also of as strange a character Avero 
 offered — of strangers having been seen in places nearer to Ig-loo-lik, 
 and of sounds having been repeatedly heard like those from the dis- 
 charge of a gun, and at places too far from the ice to have been the 
 result of the ice cracking. The strangers had at first been taken for 
 Kt-Jcer-lin (Indians), the apprehension alwa}s entertained by Innuits 
 in regard to whom had, at the times when the white men were seen, so 
 frightened them, that, at every appearance, their families had been 
 removed immediately from the place. This was the invariable testi- 
 mony, as was also the description of the clothing worn and of the foot- 
 prints examined after the strangers passed by. They were long and 
 very narrow in the middle, with deep places at the heel. The tread 
 of the footsteps was outward. 
 
 Hall could not help connecting in mind the story of the ship's 
 mast and beam on the shores of Pelly Bay, the monument spoken of 
 
 
 
 
 1 , ■ ; 
 
 H 
 
 ii= 
 
 , '.■■; ' ( 
 
 y< i 
 
 !!!■ 
 
 i :^ ■ 4 
 
 
 Ii 
 
 hv,. i 
 
 .' t 
 
 
April, isflH.) From the Oo-glit Islamls to Crosier Biver. 841 
 
 by S('r-]ntnff-rr, hikI tho one now HceniinfT to exist on the north Hhores 
 of the Strait, us links in connection with the strun^e }i])|)eiiriinceH of the 
 men, tlielr dress, and footsteps. Some of Franklin's men ninst, he 
 thonght, have crossed over eastward to Parry's old region in the for- 
 lorn hope of reacliing, perhaps, Cumberland Inlet and being rescued 
 by some vessel from Oid England ; and they might be still alive, for 
 the last date of thesf> stones was 1H()4. 
 
 Leaving tho islands early on the 1 6th, with Koo-loo-a as a trust- 
 
 i 
 worthy guide, he passed by Ping-it-ka-lik, crossed from that place, 
 
 over land so level and smooth, that it was difficult to tell it was not a 
 
 lake, and made his first new igloo on Hooper Inlet, about half a mile 
 
 from shore. The day following, making a fair progress across tho 
 
 inlet, he came to an old deserted iyloo, in which a dead fox was found. 
 
 Koo-loo-a built up a pillar of snow, on the top of which he left tlie 'm||. 
 
 animal erect, its tail standing straight out and two of its legs in the 
 
 })Osition for walking, in which they had been found. Tracks of the 
 
 wolf, the deer, the fox, and of partridges were seen. Near the islands, 
 
 at the head of the inlet, tidal action was seen to have made the ice 
 
 very rough. 
 
 Their next igloo was built on Quilliam Creek, at the early hour , i 
 
 of 2 a. m. of the 17th. From the head of this creek, they en- ' 
 
 deavored to shorten their route to the west branch of Crozier River, 
 but the roughness of the land, compelling them to make zigzag 
 courses, prevented any gain of time. Koo-loo-a pointed out on tho 
 
 southern side of the river a place where e-ker-lu (salmon) abound, and ; 
 
 said that Parry had caught many there at his tenfing-place. 
 
 Upon Crozier River they passed through a magnificent gorge 
 from 50 to 'iS feet in width, to avoid some impassable snow-drifts in 
 
 ?.5| 
 
f R!|i' 
 
 I 
 
 342 
 
 Grinnell Lake and Brevoort River. 
 
 [April, 1808. 
 
 
 i 
 
 m. 
 
 
 whicli they put on their rue-raddies, (harness), helping the dogs np a very 
 steep hill, and then descending swiftly into the river-bed ; and after fur- 
 ther delays among the rough rocks which pushed up through the ice, 
 at 6.30 p. m. they built an igloo on the river. Hall immediately 
 climbed a high peak in the range of mountains before him, from which 
 he had a fine view of the surrounding country. On the east was an 
 extensive plain ; on the north, the high land about Hooper Inlet ; and 
 soiithward and westward, mountains after mountains rose in confused 
 masses : a pass seemed to open itself about ten miles to the south. 
 
 On the 19th, the travel np the river was continued as far as the 
 lake from which it flows, after riding on the smooth surface of which 
 more than five hours they built their fourth iffho Hall named the 
 lakelet Grinnell Lake ; during the night the cracking of the ice on it 
 sounded like continuous artillery. Not a sign of life had been seen 
 since leaving Quilliam Creek ; and Koo-loo-a told Hall that no other 
 Innuit knew this route, which he had discovered when hunting. 
 
 At noon of the next day, on the western end of Grirmell Lake, 
 they found a large open pool with no anchor-ice on its bottom rock. 
 Salmon were swimming in it. To the little stream which ran from 
 this lake Hall gave the na' ">e of Brevoort River. A lakelet into 
 which it expanded being foui. i to be covered with water with nuich 
 thin ice over it, a passage was made over the land until the river was 
 again entered, when the traveling became very fatiguing through the 
 soft snow, which was melting under the southerly winds. Hall's limb 
 was now so painful as to compel him to ride nearly all the time, and 
 he could make but few observations; but his next igloo yv^s made 
 near the spot where Koo-loo-n ''saw the tracks of white men and heard 
 the report of a gun more than thirteen years before." The day follow- 
 
April, 1868.] Discovery of ^^ New IslcmdP 343 
 
 ing- they came to a frozen cascad . feet In lieig-lit, wliere the river 
 
 seemed to have cut its way through solid granite 60 feet wide and 25 
 
 feet high, and a few hours afterward they passed out upon the bay, and 
 
 built their sixth igloo on the ice of the sea of Ak-koo-lee, lat. 69° 47'.5. 
 
 The next day was one of rest for the Innuits, who were suffering from 
 
 snow-blindness. Hall made for them a wash of sugar of lead and 'l| 
 
 laudanum. From a piece of driftwood -BToo- 
 
 loo-a made eye-shades. In company with 
 
 Frank Lailor, Hall looked carefully from the 
 
 top of Cape Englefield for any signs of white 
 men, but could see none ; he made his own 
 monument on the Cape — a pile of three large snow-goggles. 
 
 stones, the lowest resting on his clay pipe. A hawk was seen, and 
 tracks of deer, of bears, and ermine were numerous ; on the ice were 
 many regular paths worn in the snow by the bears, but no animal 
 showed himself to the travelers The jumps of the little ermine in the 
 snow showed that they had been full six feet each. 
 
 Early on the 23d, most of the stores were deposited ift an igloo, 
 over which "a flag was left swinging in the wind to keep off the bears," 
 when the whole company started down the coast to visit the monu- 
 ment described by Koo-loo-a; but, on his being taken sick, the visit was 
 arrested for that day. Out on the sea was a long line of fog, showing 
 itself to the nth as far as the eye could follow it Koo-loo-a said 
 there was opeii water there all winter, and that many walrus were 
 caught there. Land now discovered by Hall west-northwest from 
 Cape Englefield proved to be a long low island. Koo-loo-a said that 
 bears were often killed on it while wintering under the snow. 
 
 Of this discovery his little note-book of the evening says: *'0n 
 
 

 BIB' 
 
 
 IH: 
 
 
 
 "'P " '" 
 
 i 
 
 344 
 
 The Monument Found. 
 
 [April, 1868. 
 
 getting to-day to the heights of land overlooking New Bay, Parry 
 Bay, Cape Crozier, and Fury and Hecla Straits, the sight of a New 
 Long Island to the westward, so carried me away that I was sweeping 
 to the right and left with my glass before I again had a thought of 
 moimments or other traces of the lost ones." 
 
 On the 24th, the search was made for the monument and cache. 
 The monument was found and the place of the cache pointed out, but 
 
 the latter ivas covered hy a huge hanli of 
 snow. Hall thus describes the location 
 of the monument: "On either side of 
 the plain on which it stands is a river, 
 and hills of delta are northeast of it. 
 It is 100 feet above the sea, and near a 
 hill upon the south side of the plain. 
 The hill looks not unlike an inverted 
 whale-boat when seen at a little dis- 
 tance from the northwest." While he 
 made a sketch of the monument, 
 Frank Lailor, with an iron snow-knife, tried to cut down through the 
 bank to the cache, but found the snow as hard as ice. 
 
 To leave nothing undone to find the buried cache-stones, Hall 
 now moved down and built his igloo near it, and on the 25th renewed 
 with Frank Lailor, with some assistance from Ebierbing w)io was 
 suffering with rheumatism, the severe work of cutting down into the 
 snow-bank. They all labored hard for many hours, cutting down to 
 the depth of \h feet with their iron snow-knives, luitil, as Ebierbing 
 has lately said, " they sweated in the cold from head to foot." 13nt it 
 was impossible to find the cache. 
 
 MOM-MKNT FOUND HY HAM.. 
 
 ill; 
 
 ■■ ' !if';v 
 
April, 1808.] 
 
 A Tent'mff-Place of White Men. 
 
 345 
 
 Too-koo-li-too and Ebierl)ing, about the same time, found two 
 tentin<r-j)laces which presented strong contrasts. The first tent, the 
 traces of which Too-koo-li-too called to thein to observe, had been ob- 
 long, as shown by four stones, weighing each from 25 to 35 })ounds, 
 used to hold down its corners ; rows of smaller stones were in the po- 
 sitions where they had served to secure the sides. The dimensions of 
 
 HALL'S SKKTCII OF THE COAST-LINE NEAIl THE MONUMENT. 
 
 the tent had been 9 feet by 6. Hall's Innuit companions assured him 
 that white men must have built it. An Innuit tenting-place close 
 by, showed the unquestionable marks of its builders by its stones 
 being found arranged in their invariably circular form. 
 
. '^j If: 
 
 346 
 
 HalVs Position Higher than Mae's Highest. [Aprii, tsaa. 
 
 The rough notes of the two days of this visit are worth a literal 
 transcribing, and are here given, omitting only Hall's astronomical 
 observations, and some sketches of less importance than those shown 
 by the cuts. The spot visited had not been reached by any previous 
 Arctic "explorer. Parry's oflScers were not on this western side of the 
 peninsula, and Dr. Rae's highest point was 69° 5' 35" N. (Rae's Narra- 
 tive, p. 128). And it may be justly remarked here that it is to be 
 regretted that Hall's visit should have been recently discredited, and 
 this before his full statements could be published. The latitude of his 
 encampment here was 69° 47' 5" N., long. 85° 15' W. 
 
 Literal Copy of MaWs Notes. 
 
 Apkil 24. — Koo-Ioo-a requested to-day that I would take a look with my 
 spy-glass in a certain direction, after we had tramped four hours over liill, lake, 
 ravine, and through deep snows. I looked, and sighted a monument above the 
 snow. Koolooa and Frank took a look through the spy-glass, the former 
 declaring that the monument he saw was at the head of a bay not then in sight. 
 Dr. Eae could not possibly have made this monument and cache, for they both 
 belong together ; the latter covered with a deep drift every winter, and when 
 Kae was at Cape Crozier in May, 1847, the bank of snow must have been as deej) 
 and hard as the one now there. Besides, Dr. Eae's track-chart does not show 
 that he visited the southeast angle of Parry Bay. To-morrow morning, I remove 
 with my party to the monument. 
 
 Koo-loo-a told Hannah that when he first saw this monument thirteen years 
 before, it was then fresh, and now looks old. When he found it and the cache- 
 stones under the bank, he told all the Inuuits of his strange discovery. No In- 
 nuit could have made it. A hole was dug out of the rocks and something de- 
 posited in it. Afterward, the stones covering the cache were thrown all in a pile 
 on one side, and the deposit, whatever it was, taken out. 
 
 April 25.- -This morning we leave our seventh igloo here and move down 
 to the monument, to make all investigations possible relating to it, and try our 
 best to tind the cache-stones buried in a huge snow-bank that lies over the steep 
 bank of ground running alongside of the plain on the margin of which is the 
 monument. 
 
 I • n 
 
 
ll ' 
 ;iri 
 
 im 
 4 
 
 ft 
 
 :f| • 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 'J 
 
 tl 
 
 
 'I 
 
 "3'4-i 
 
WW I'; 
 
 I!! 
 
 ill 
 
 !!s>'^ ' li 
 
 Ji 
 
 'Hi 
 
 ■' ii ... . -^ ■■ ' ) 
 
,fli< 
 
 h :l''l 
 
Ir 
 lIlM 
 
 IS,;.; if; 
 lii] ij 
 
 l^ 
 
 r -I 
 
 lliilH. 
 
 * 
 
r\ 
 
 
 h 
 
 April, I808.J Bough Notes of the 2Ath-2ijth. 347 
 
 8 a. m. — Passing aloiifjf Irein seventh encampment toward Cape Crozier, the 
 monument is distinctly A'isible witli the glass. I and Frank commenced at once ji 
 
 with onr snow-shovels to cat out snow-blocks from the heavy bank just west of ' 
 
 the monument in sear(;h t)f the cache-stones. Koo-looa, trom his remend)rance of 
 the situation of the monument and cache-stones, has shown us where to dig. 
 
 10.5 a. m. — Hannah has found the tenting-i)lace of white men — an oblong 
 tent and four fresh upturned stones, one at each corner, to mak(i fast the lines of 
 the tent ; the stones show an age since turned up out of their bed the same as 
 monument stones. 
 
 10.30.— Joe, in searching around, has found another tenting-place. Frank j. 
 
 and myself were busy raising l)lo(!ks when Joe called, and then we all ran where 
 he was, and have just made our investigations. These stones are in a circular 
 form, and evidently the tenting-place of Innuits within ten to fifteen years. 
 Hannah said if a tire-jdace could be found within the tent-circle then they were 
 Innuit tenting i)laces, and at last a tire-place was found wilhin one of the circles — 
 
 black on the back of the fire-place; a stone that had formed one side was loos- i| 
 
 ened and turned up by Hannah and found black with smoke. Koo-looa Ibund a 
 large stone in proper position for holding the line keeping up the entrance to 
 the tent; as Ig-loo-lik peoide make their tents. Joe, Hannah, and Koo-loo-a are Ji 
 
 sure the oblontjshaped tenting-place and the stones at the corners and otitside 
 row of small stones tell the tiuth, that Innuits never did that work. The contrast 
 particularly striking between the tenting-place of the whites and that of the 
 natives. A small stump of a tree found in the circle of an Innuit teuting-idace, 
 and not decayed, but white with age, showed hard life among th(^ ice of the sea 
 of Ak-koo-lee. 
 
 Evening notes. — All day we have been hard at work cutting out snow- 
 blocks in search of the cache-stones, but in vain. One W(ndd Ije greatly de- 
 lighted to see the excavations and upturned blocks all around made in searching 
 for lost cache stones. * * # 
 
 2(ith. — Joe and Hannah, being well acquainted with white men's ways, are 
 as certain as is Koo-looa that white men had an encampment here. 
 
 Having- with them provisions for two days only. Hall's party 
 were forced to return to their sixth igloo First, however, he took 
 down the monument stone by stone, yet without finding anj- record 
 or sign to tell with more certainty who had built it. Koo-ho-a " was 
 
348 
 
 Survey of the Northwest Coast. 
 
 (April, lAOH. 
 
 !• ! 
 
 ' ■' [ 
 
 i.M 
 ''•■\ 
 
 the most disiippointed oiio of tlio pjuty, for he expressed lionest fesirs 
 tluit he woiihl be thought to have told u falsehood." Yet his cliarac- 
 ter for entire truthfulness had been and still remained inujuestioned ; 
 Hall says he had previously " shaqdy-tested this man." He left the 
 spot with the assurance that his search for the evidence of white 
 men's having lived a strugghng life in those regions had not been in 
 vain, for they had found a monument and tenting-place made by 
 
 WHITE MEN. 
 
 From astronomical observations and compass-bearings he now 
 determined the coast-line between Cape Englefield the most western 
 l)oint of the Strait sighted by Parry, and Cape Crozier the most 
 no)thern reached by Ilae in 1847; by which survey he may be justly 
 said to have filled up this broken hne of the Admiralty chart for the 
 northwestern part of Melville Peninsula at and below the western outlets 
 of Fury and Hecla Strait. This was, at least, a liberal compensation 
 for the disapj)ointment keenly felt on leaving the spot without rec- 
 ords or closer traces of white men. 
 
 Just before again reaching their igloo, Koo-loo-d's sharp eyes spied 
 a hole in it, and as the tracks of a wolverine had been already seen, 
 alarm was taken for the safety of their provisions On coming nearer, 
 walrus-hide, meat, and blubber were seen scattered here and there on 
 the ice ; but on Hall's breaking open the door, he found that the ani- 
 mal had but scratched two or three little holes through the snow-plat- 
 form and dragged out the articles without carrying them into its hole. 
 A delay of one day more would pi'obably have cost the party the loss 
 of all their food. 
 
 Not satisfied to give np the search for Franklin's men whom he 
 
 I i;;iife 
 
i-Tiuy, iNON.i Vitiil to Amlufst IsUuid. WW) 
 
 
 i' 
 
 
 f! 
 
 still beliovod that iio inif^lit find yet livlii<^, lu; next cximiiiiiMl tlio 
 southern shores ot" the Stnilt, and endeavored to cross to tho northern 
 coast, hoping also to nuike some ^eograijhical determinations there. 
 The exceeding- roughness of the ice j)ennitted him to advance on 
 foot only, with one companion and one dog. From the main island 
 of a group in the mouth of the Strait he took additional observations, 
 bearings, and sextant angles, to fix tho position of the new island to 
 the nortlnvest of Cape Englefield On the south side of the islet on 
 which he stood, the rock appeared to have l)een polished to the height 
 of 50 feet above the sea by the moving ice-masses. I'he whole strait 
 was filled with rugged ice, pack and old floe, some of the old floe 
 
 pieces a mile square; one small unbroken floe was plainly of the t| 
 
 formation of the year previous. Old floes abounded, full of hills, val- 
 leys, and lakes, nearly all denuded of snow, and covered by huge 
 bergy pieces thrown up by jjressure in the open season. Tho Innuits 
 said that occasionally there is a year in which the straits are entirely 
 clear of ice. " Parry and Lyon would have hailed such a season." A 
 
 On the 30th, with the same companion, Frank Lailor, Hall visited : | 
 
 some islets off Cape Englefield, searching again thoroughly for monu- ' itf 
 
 ments or other signs of human beings. His next exploration was along- '][ 
 
 the southern coast as far as East Cape, and from that point to Parry's '*| 
 
 Amherst Island, on which, however, he fouiul nothing really indicat- 
 ing that any one had been there of late years. Three flat slate stones 
 were seen placed on each other, with their moss side down. 
 
 For a return to the Oo-glit Islands, a choice was to be made 
 between continuing down the strait and their outward route by Quill- 
 iam Creek, the latter of which routes was taken to avoid delay, 
 which the roughness of the ice might cause. A prompt return was 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 
 M.O 
 
 I.I 
 
 1^12^8 |2.5 
 
 auuu 
 
 1.8 
 
 IIIIIM 
 
 1.25 III 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 '/ 
 
 /A 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 \ 
 
 :\ 
 
 \ 
 
 rv 
 
 
 6^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
-1^^ 
 
 '^^4^ 
 
 
 
1% 
 
 350 Return to the Oo-fjlit Isles. may, ises. 
 
 necessary, as tlieir supplies, made up at first for fifteen days only, had 
 now been drawn upon nearly three weeks. Finding an easy passage 
 over the land to the creek, by the 6th of May they had rapidly fol- 
 lowed it down, and, passing through Hooper Inlet, after some delays 
 occasioned by the softness of the snow, arrived at the Oo-glit Islands 
 early on the 8th, having in fifteen hours accomplished a journey of fifty- 
 {:| seven statute miles from their last halting-place on the ice of the inlet. 
 
 On this journey the only living thing seen was a crow. They had 
 
 found that the fox which had been set up on the snow pillar by Koo- 
 
 loo-a had been canied off by some Innuit, who had substituted for it 
 
 the shoulder-blade of a walrus ; this dried meat was relished by the 
 
 !!'| hungry return party. When coming near the Oo-glit Isles, Hall 
 
 ■;::| "looked out upon a long impenetrable cloud of blackness overhang- 
 
 i| i ing the iceless waters of Fox Channel. The wind blowing fresh from 
 
 lil the south and the aurora actually working on the face of the black- 
 
 novss, made it seem, as we approached this world of blackness, as though 
 we were going right straight into the lower regions in the literal signifi- 
 cant sense of the word." 
 
 The population of the village was now again increased by the 
 coming in of several new families from the northeast to see the 
 stranger. The first news which he heard was the loss of Ag-loo-ka 
 and his friend E-nu-men, who were irrecoverably swept away while 
 wah'using on the ice; the next was that another native had further 
 accounts to give him of Kia!s strange white man. Hall determined 
 to defer a proposed geographical exploration of the strait and go 
 over to Tern Island to see this man. Whatever judgments may 
 now be passed upon his persistence in this search for Franklin's sur- 
 vivors, his own words at the time were, " No man, knowing what I do, 
 
 Mui 
 
' i 
 
 1 t 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 t ' 
 
 
 ■ \ 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 
 
" .'I 
 
 1:1 
 
 I 
 
'II^S 
 
 nnj, IHttN. 
 
 Visit to Tern Island. 
 
 351 
 
 cjin possibly believe otherwise than tliut part of the lost companions 
 of Franklin and Crozier have been living tor several years on Melville 
 Peninsnla." But while preparing to visit Tern Island he made a survey 
 of the Oo-glit group. Its open sea was rolling its high waves upon the 
 shore, and its waters were alive with walrus, ducks, and sea-gulls— 
 now-yers. Thousands of ducks filled the air with such music as made 
 the place anything but solitary. 
 
 On the 1 2th, his party, with Papa and his family who had now 
 rejoined them, set off for Ig-loo-lik and Tern Island, but when near 
 the former place they met with a sister of Kia, a long conversation 
 with whom bro' .^"ht out facts substantiating the same old story ; at Tern 
 Island the new friend, Kud-loon, gave him essentially the same particu- 
 lars. The people of this island being found destitute, TTall shared with 
 them some of his supplies, and made them presents. Confined to his 
 hut by snow-blindness {an-koot-ed for it), the an-ge-ho gave as a reason 
 for his sufferings that he had eaten out of an unsuitable pan, and had 
 visited the igloo of one of Koo-loo-a's wives on the Oo-glit Islands at a 
 time when he should not have done so. Before leaving Tern Island, he 
 bartered needles, thimbles, fish-hooks, &c., for dogs, intending to make 
 an exploring journey down the east side of Fox Channel, but again 
 relinquished such an object, saying he had at last been able to conquer 
 his almost uncontrollable desire to discover new lands, and had brouffht 
 back his feelings of duty, to stick to the mission of finding out about 
 the lost white men. Nood-loo, a native of Ig-loo-lik, drew for him the 
 accompanying sketch of Murray Maxwell Inlet. This inlet, near the 
 east end of Fury and Hecla Strait, he learned, is in reality a Sound, 
 sweeping round to the eastward and forming a large island. 
 
 To prosecute yet one more search, on the 18th of the month, la 
 
 ill 
 
 n 
 
 I ; 
 
 rfe 
 
 '■i 'l 
 
 I'' ■! 
 
 
 
 ■1' I 
 
 » -^ 
 
 S> 
 
 n 1 
 
 
 ifi 
 
 1' 
 
 '.'.' m 
 
 E'l 
 
 a' J 
 
 
352 
 
 Tetiiinii-Plmc on (iifford River. 
 
 [mar, 1H68. 
 
 II 
 
 company with Fnuik, Vapa, Tou-tir.-che-uk, his wife, und two children, 
 he be<;Mn a journey to Parry's "(Jifford River," hjivinji^ heard in con- 
 versations subsequent to tliose wliich have been referred to that a 
 tenting'-phice and otlier sij^ns of white men would be found there. 
 On the IDth, he entered this river, which proved to be really an arm 
 of the sea, receiving several rivulets which his guide said are tilled 
 with salmon in the autunni. Its Innuit name, Kun-nuk-tiu, means a bay. 
 On the northeast shore a tenting-place was foinid, of which Hall 
 made the accompanying sketch; but, with the exception of two shot 
 
 and a pecuhar arrangement 
 of the stones, there was no 
 special indication of its liav- 
 ing been occupied by civil- 
 ized men. It will be re- 
 membered that Parry's men 
 visited it. On this journey 
 several seal ar/loos were seen, 
 from Avhich the young seals 
 escaped, but a skillful Innuit captured a full-grown animal while he 
 was sleeping and sunning himself on the ice. The usual strategy had 
 
 SCRAPEU, TO ATTBACT THE 8KAL. 
 
 been exercised of hitching the body, feet foremost, step by step, to- 
 ward the seal, and occasionally raising the head and looking around. 
 
Mnj, tHHH.] 
 
 More Tal/us with the Innuits. 
 
 353 
 
 as the aniiTiiil constantly does when on the watch, tlie man then drop- 
 ping his liead into a cat-nap, sind finally scratching on the snow with 
 the scraper, which is made for this purpose. By thus imitating the 
 noise wliich the seal makes with his flipper, he enticed it to come 
 near him. The harpoon was then swiftly driven in. 
 
 By noon of the 21st, Hall had passed through some severe storms, 
 but was again near Ig-loo-lik, and, after holding more talks through 
 the next five days, prepared to return to Repulse Bay. P^'or his sup- 
 plies to reach that place he found it necessary to take great care of 
 what he had collected; for, with a new experience of his Iinmit friends, 
 he now found that no sooner did he barter for walrus-meat than a 
 crowd rushed into his igloo and devoured it. They seem to have 
 looked upon his stores as inexhaustible, and felt they had claims uj)on 
 him for the information given in the long talks into which he had led 
 them. The details of these talks fill a number of pages in the books 
 A and B, heretofore named. They were essentially repetitions of the 
 conversations in April. 
 
 An intelligent Innuit named Oong-er-luk drew for him just before 
 his leaving Ig-loo-lik the accompanying sketches of the coast of Fox 
 Channel and of Admiralty Inlet. They have been reproduced liter- 
 ally from Hall's note-books. The Innuit names are those given by 
 Oong-er-luk for the numbers whicli he placed on his maps. His 
 sketches, with those drawn by Ar-mou, Ou-e-la, Papa, and In-nook-poo- 
 zhe-jook in 1869, are presented as specimens of Innuit ideas of native 
 localities ; — ideas generally found to be very correct, as it will be 
 remembered were those shown by the map drawn by the woman I-lig- 
 liuk for Parry. [See also Chapell's letter to Hall, page 35 of this 
 Nan*ative.] 
 
 
 S. Ex. lil- 
 
 -26 
 
354 
 
 Oong-er-luKs Maps of Fox Channel. 
 
 [nmy, 1868. 
 
 SKETCH OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF FOX CHANNEL BY THE 
 
 INNUIT OONG-ER-LUK. 
 
 V 
 
 • t!" 
 I* 
 
 i 
 ii 
 
 1. Ou-ker-nar-chu. {Never frozen chan- 
 
 nel.) 
 
 2. Es-se-tii-e.ju-a. 
 3-3. Tooki-an. 
 
 4. Tej-see-u-ark. 
 
 5. Koo-be-nar-chii. 
 0. Ki-ki-tar-chu, 
 
 7, Kfid-gru-yer. {Name of isle.) 
 
 8. Ar-kim-e-nun. 
 y. Ig-lftk-ju-in. 
 
 10. Keii-nuk-lukju-a. 
 
 11. Noo-wier. (Long point.) 
 
 12. Is-shook-too. 
 
 13. Tik-ik-kuu. 
 
 14. Ee-nk-ju-ar-chu. {A mountain, xteep 
 
 on all sides but one.) 
 
 15. Ariig-u-yarn. 
 
 16. Ing-nier-ing. 
 
 17. Noon-ee-tar. 
 
 18. Ear-kee. 
 
 19. Wear-chin. 
 
 20. Tee-kera-chu. 
 
 21. Eak-pin. 
 
 22. Ki-erk-chu-ken. 
 
 23. Oo-glit. 
 
 24. E-pe-u-tiu. {The isthmus, where many 
 
 of the Innuits from Northumber- 
 land Inlet died, some of starvation, 
 some by murder. Tookoolitoo's 
 sister was of the ones killed.) 
 
 25. Shar-tuk-ju-a. 
 20. King-ark-ju-a. 
 
 27. Shok-bur. ( Water and land). 
 
 28. Tar-ri-o-ar-chu {Bay.) 
 
 29. Pce-lig. ( Where rice,- enters bay.) 
 
 30. Ee-8oo-e-too. {Small lake.) 
 
 31. Teg-suk-ju-a. {Larffe lake.) 
 
 32. Ar-ten-ni-en. 
 
 33. Ou-le-chee-wa-chii. 
 
 34. In-iiooksLe-lik. ( Lake and land.) 
 
 35. Kung-ook-too. 
 
 36. Mi-uk-too-le-ar-clju. {Bay.) 
 
 37. Ned-lu-ark-ju-a. 
 
 38. Ki-ki-tar-loo. {Name of the two isles.) 
 
 39. Man-uk-toe. 
 
 40. Arng-mark-ju-a. 
 
 41. Kig-gur-wig. 
 
 42. Nug-lee-we-too. 
 
 43. Shartoo. 
 
 {Between 43 and Uis Skeoch Bay of 
 Parry^s chart.) 
 
 44. Kop-e-e-we. {Cape Elwyn of Parry's 
 
 chart.) 
 45-46. Sed ler. {The land southeast and 
 cast of Cape Konig of Parry's 
 chart.) 
 
 47. See-er-wark-ju. 
 
 48. Im-me-yay-too. 
 
 49. Ki-uk-tar-bin. 
 
 50. Wall-ing-yer. 
 
 y 
 
 NOTES WRITTEN DOWN BY HALL FROM DICTATION BY OONG-ER-LUK. 
 
 From Shar-too (43) to the " high land " of sketch, it would take six days with 
 dogs and an unloaded sledge, the dogs going fast. As Innuits generally travel, 
 
 !•;. 
 
<'up<< Klwyii 
 
 SKETCH (IF 
 
 N.E. COAST OF TOX CHANNEL 
 
 Bv till- Iiinuii Ooiig-er-Uik 
 JJi'uwn May 'i.V-^ 18rt^ 
 
 
 \i 
 
 
 
I 
 
 ^i: 
 
in«r. iNes.] 
 
 Oo)iff-('r-lul>'s Map of Admirnltji fnlct. 
 
 355 
 
 with f'liiiiilieH and lioiiKoliold ^oods, it wnnld tako lit'tHMi diiys ; so 8)iy Inniiits that 
 Iiiivo lived for iiiuny suiiiiiiers all aloufj the coast sketehed. I think tlie distanoo 
 from Shartoo (43) to said hijjli hind to be from 'J'A) to ;$()() miles. From Ned -hi- 
 ark-Jua (37), old man Noii-le arju says one can see the mountain which is near to 
 the very larjje lake whi<!li i.s on the route Innuits take in traveling and voyaging 
 from Kbierbing and Tookoo-li-too's country (Too-nuk-jok-i»ing, Northumberland 
 Inlet) to Ig-loo-lik. The large river which runs Irom said lake, tailed Kook-ju a, 
 is more than half way from Too-inikjok-ping to Ned-lu-ark-ju-a (37). A woman, 
 very smart and intelligent, by the name of A-mer-ffoo (wife of Tnnunlin(i), who 
 rame from Northumberland Inlet, say.s that when the i)arty she acco)i)])anicd from 
 her country to Ig-loo-lik left the mouth of the great river that runs from Kook- 
 ju-a (the Great Lake), it took eight <lays to get to L-pe-u-tin (the peninsula of 2-t) 
 in their oo-micn (great family boat). Much of the land was very low, and when 
 the tide ebbed they used to let their boat take the groun<l instead of trying to 
 get to the shore, for they had to stand far out froui it to keep in water that only 
 at flood-tide was deep enough to float their craft. On getting to 24, the Iniuiits 
 always make portage, instead of going so far as to round the long land (2.'»). 
 
 n 
 
 SKETCH OF TOO-NOO NEK NOO SIIUK, OK ADxMlHALTY INLET, HY 
 
 OONCi-Elf LUK. 
 
 1. Too-Joo. 
 
 2. See-goo-ar. 
 
 .'<. Ok-ke-ogc-nfui. 
 4. Koud-loo-too. 
 r». Sing-izeoke-big. 
 (!. Kfin-fik-luar-chu. 
 
 7. Kok-oolii-in. 
 
 8. Kfin-tik-lu-ar-chu. 
 
 9. Shoo uk-te-lik. 
 
 10. Ouk-bar-too. 
 
 11. Tel-ler-ar-chu. 
 
 12. Eke-pe-ar-chu. 
 13-13. Ki-fik-tar-zhu. 
 14-14. Noo-win. 
 
 17-17. l»rit-tar-te-lik. 
 
 18-lS. Kun-nuk-too. (A bnif.) 
 
 10-10. Ki-ki tou-kin. 
 
 20. Ki-ik-tun-ten alloo. 
 I 21. Ki-ik-tun. {The island.) 
 I 22. Seer-wok ten. 
 I 23. F]ve-ju-ar-chin. 
 ! 24. Angno-quo-zham. 
 ' 25. Now-yarn. 
 ! 20. F^ke-]»ik-Ju-ar-chiii. 
 i 27. Ok-big-seer-i»ing. 
 i 28. In-uiUv-too-big. 
 I 29. E-ter-be-in, 
 I 30. Sed-no-wa-ling. 
 
 15. Oo-look-shun. {Natives live here i 31. Sfd-no-way-suk. 
 
 much trhen ice in gone.) \ 32. Ed-lilk-Ju-in. 
 
 16, Eke-pe-ar-chfi. 33. Teekee ra-chil. 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 

 n 
 
 ill 
 
 iii'i 
 
 '1^; 
 
 366 
 
 34. Ki-ki-tar-zhii. 
 
 35. Knb-lo-e-tit, 
 30. Too-lcr-ktlt. 
 37. Sheming. 
 
 Map of Admiralty Inlet 
 
 [nmj, 1868. 
 
 38. Tin-nee-je-va-loo. 
 
 39. Oo-pung-ne-wing. 
 
 40. Kftn-ne-i-rung. {Natives live much 
 
 of the time here.) 
 
 NOTES WRITTEN DOWN BY HALL FROM DICTATION BY OONG-EB-LITK. 
 
 The width of the bay not so great at and near the entrance as farther in. 
 One medium day's jrood drive with dog-sledge from one side of the bay to the 
 other in its general width. The trend of bay not exactly north and south, but 
 little to the northeastward and southwestward. 
 
 Vt the mouth of the inlet early spring whaling might be prosecuted, for a 
 great many whales are always seen close to the bay-floe by the natives as early 
 as April and May. Ice out of the whole bay every year, and then there are a 
 great many black whales, white whales, and narwhals all over the bay. Very 
 good anchorage for ships at 16 and other places in the bay (18-18). Good for 
 ships in 6, 8, 10, and 12. High land and deep water about and in 18-18. Innuits 
 in the summer kill whales in 18-lC. No rough ice in the bay Too-noo-nee-roo- 
 shuk ; all smooth floe. No icebergs or other heavy ice finds its way into this 
 great bay, for it all sweeps onward with the current in Barrow Strait to the east- 
 ward. When the wind is from the east, and the ice is driven westward, for some 
 reason it does not drive down into the bay. Coast on the west side nearly 
 straight, and without any indentations. High land on west side. 
 
 After the ships have all left Too-noo-nee (Pond's Bay), having finished 
 whaling by the floe there, then is the good time to see a great many whales in 
 the great bay of Too-noo-nee-roo-shuk. Once a whale was found in the bay of 
 T. K. by the natives which was dead, with lines and harpoons in it. A great 
 many narwhals killed by Innuits at T. K. and their horns taken by them to 
 Pond's Bay and bartered off to the whalers. 
 
 The RETURN to Repulse Bay was now begun. Leaving the Oo- 
 glit Islands on the Slst of May, Hall further examined a new bay which 
 he had discovered and a lake on the southwest, into which he crossed 
 by a short portage. Whenever the weather permitted, and so far as 
 his very defective instruments enabled him on this part of his jour- 
 ney and until he reached Haviland Bay, he made a rough survey of 
 the whole route. But the injured condition of his compass and sex- 
 
'Ur 
 
 BAJfROfV ST /{AIT 
 
 SKKTrH OK 
 
 ADMIRALTY INLET 
 
 By 0>ng-er-liik 
 Drawn May 23''-'' 1868 , 
 
 l^ 
 
 <r>^ 
 
 ;>. ^ 
 
 tiiS' 
 
 b 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^^*^ 
 
 ?3 
 
 (. 
 
 W 
 
 A 
 
 S 
 
 \ 
 
 >< 
 
 
 
 1% 
 
 t^ 
 
 ia(7 
 
 i^ 
 
 t i 
 
 M 
 
 if 
 
 1 I- 
 I 
 

 ' i ', 
 
 'til ' 
 
 , : 
 
 
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 M 
 
 
 if li 
 
 
 ilfr 
 
Junr, 1868. 
 
 The Trees Near Hopjmer's Creek 
 
 357 
 
 tant and the interruptions by rain and storm and by his own suffer- 
 ings, prevented his observations from being more than approximate. 
 
 Arriving on tlie east side of the head of Hoppner Inlet, he found 
 three small streams, in one of which was an abundant growth of wood 
 in a cluster of undergrowth showing some creeping trees which spread 
 themselves out. One of these was 1 1 feet in length and 2 inches in 
 diameter at the base. It was seen that " where a portion of the tree 
 in its creeping position pressed hard upon the earth, it had sent down 
 numerous branches of roots."* 
 
 The river where this wood is in such abundance, empties itself 
 into the one by which he was encamped just before it enters the head of 
 Hoppner's Creek. " It comes down a wild ravine, having steep mount- 
 ain-high sand-banks on either side." Hall wrote with these words : 
 "When the lakes have their ice loosened, all the three rivers will pour 
 down their living, dancing waters, when salmon will greatly abound 
 where fresh and salt water mingle." He was at the time heartily tired 
 of walrus, deer-meat, and tood-noo. "His mouth watered in vain for 
 salmon," which Papa and Hannah had failed to secure. 
 
 He explored the region between the head of this inlet and Lyon's 
 Inlet, and, striking across the land to Haviland Bay, arrived on its 
 banks on the 24th, crossed on its thin ice on the day following, at 
 times through water a foot deep, and at 4 a. m. of the 26th, regained 
 his encampment at Tal-loon; the sledge journey had been one of 
 ninety-six days. It was a satisfaction to find the white men whom he 
 had hired in full health. His dogs, too, were in as good condition as 
 when they had started out. His Innuit friends gave him a present of 
 
 * For a most interesting accnunl of trees growing still further north, some of them 3 feet 
 in diameter, found in a ravine, see Osliom's account of McClure's Northwest Passage ; also, 
 Meach.-im'a report of the trees found on Prince Patrick Island, in lat. 76° 15', long. 121° 40.' 
 
 
 <* < ■ \ 
 r 
 
 M 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 t| 
 
 ■4 
 
 :wi 
 
358 
 
 Successful Salmon-Fishing. 
 
 IJutr, 1868. 
 
 1' i 
 
 salmon, some of which measured 32 to 37 inches in length, weigh- 
 ing from 9 to 13 pounds each. 
 
 The record of the two remaining summer months presents as inci- 
 dents of special interest a successful season for salmon-fishing and 
 deer-hunting; the very unfortunate, though justified, shooting of 
 one of the five hirei' men; and the capture of another whale, the pos- 
 session of which, together with renewed supplies from friends in the 
 United States, encouraged Hall to hope that he could remain over 
 still another year and yet reach King William's Land. In this it will 
 be found he succeeded in the following spring. 
 
 A supply of salmon had always been an object, as well for the 
 change which it offered from the unvarying rough Arctic food, as for 
 the value of the fish when dried and stored for the winter; but up to 
 this time little success liad rewarded the best efforts made by Hall and 
 his hired men either with their nets or spears. The Innuits, through 
 long practice, were experts in spearing, and they seemed to have gen- 
 erally considered the fishing-grounds as their exclusive property. 
 
 The notes of July 2() record a determination not to be outdone 
 in the work. Hearing that they were securing very many fish and 
 his men very few. Hall, though quite ill, jumped from his bed, and 
 quickly dressing, ordered each of his company to repair promptly 
 their sadly broken spears, for he would see whether white men could 
 be so easily beaten ; " one need not starve while such food abounds." 
 
 As the tide w;is about to flood, it became necessary to make great haste or 
 our chance would be lost till next ebb ; so every one worked with a will. When 
 the spears were in order, I organized my men into a regular fish fighting com- 
 pany, and then into the deep pools all in line we plunged, or in fact waded thigh 
 deep. The Innuits had all left, each having caught as many as he could well 
 attend to, except Ar-goomoo-toolik, whom I requested to desist while I made a 
 
 
 I i! 
 
i^: 
 
 Jmlr, 1868.] 
 
 The Mutiny. 
 
 359 
 
 •V'i 
 
 trial with my men alone. In one hour from the time we entered the ice-cold 
 water we had e^'ery spear broken, so that not one in a dozen salmon struck could 
 be saved. Then, all in a line, behind and by the side of our net, waist-deep in 
 the pool, we marched, dragging the net and driving the salmon like sheep before 
 us. When well advanced to the upper end of the pool, the water was found to 
 be black with floundering fish. Having reached a narrow place where the net 
 stretched from shore to shore, and penned in the salmon completely, myself, Joe, 
 Frank, and all the rest except Antoine, who played sick, went to work scooping 
 out salmon, and in a few minutes caught one hundred and seventy-five, the total 
 weight of which exceeded 1,000 pounds, for the greater number were quite large. 
 
 The Innuits acknowledged themselves beaten. Hall attributed 
 his success to the use of his excellent Brevoort net, with which he 
 thought he would have even doubled the number taken if he had 
 been allowed the first chance at the pool. 
 
 A most unhappy record is now to be made. From the date of his 
 return from Fury and Hecla Strait some dissatisfaction seems to have 
 been growing among the hired men whom he had left at the encamp- 
 ment when setting out on that journey. They had been lacking in 
 their care of the stores, backward on going out on the hunts, and tardy 
 when absent on these, as well as hurtfully careless in feeding the dogs. 
 The ill-feeling manifested by several of them toward Hall, arising pos- 
 sibly from the uncertainty as to the time when any ships would appear 
 in the bay to take them to their homes, culminated in the unfortunate 
 affair which is best presented in his own words : 
 
 July 31. — Gave Peter his order to take my rifle and go on a deer-hunt, and 
 to take along Antoine and Pat, and show them where a certain deer he had killed 
 and deposited was, and have them bring it in. The party started oflf at 10 a. m. 
 A short time after, sent Sam out to get a deer-skin and the buck-meat my Joe ha<l 
 left on his way home yesterday. At 7 p. m., Sam returned, having been unsuc- 
 cessful in finding my Joe's bundle, and at 8 p. m. Antoine and Pat returned, and 
 a few minutes later Peter came in, having seen no deer. Asked Antoine how far 
 
 m 
 
 ^% 
 
 I 
 
 ir^ 
 
 lii 
 
 • \. it 
 
 v^y 
 
 « 
 
 
HI* »l 
 
 hi 
 
 
 360 
 
 Hairs Account of the Mutimj. 
 
 [Jitir. 1868. 
 
 I' 
 
 •1 '1 
 
 i:^ 
 
 he should think it was to whore lie and Pat got the deer they brought iu t An- 
 swer, ten or twelve miles. When Peter came in, I asked him how far it was to 
 the deer-deposit Antoine and Pat brought in, and he said about the same as the 
 musk-ox deposit, six and a half miles, to where we went directly on the 23d. I 
 asked him if he did not think that Pat and Antoine could have performed the 
 service I sent them on iu a little more than half the time of ten hours? Answer, 
 that he tliought they could. I proceeded to the men's tent, and asked Antoine 
 and Pat if tliey could not have made better time in the work they performed 
 to day ? They, with much temper, replied they could not. I told them what 
 Peter had told me, and said thai it became them to be as expeditious as possible 
 whenever I had work for them to do, reminding them of their spending a whole 
 day a short time since in going out only some two miles after a couple of deer, 
 when they iriight have done the same in one-fourth of the time. This was fol- 
 lowed by a burst of real" mutinous conduct on the part of Pat and Antoine, to 
 which demonstration Sam and Peter seemed to be a party. Pat was the Uader, 
 and I felt for my own safety that something must be done to meet so terrible a 
 blow as seemed ready to fall. I appealed to Pat especially to stop his mutinous 
 talk and conduct. I was alone, though a small distance off were all the Inuuits 
 of the tent-village looking upon the scene. Pat was standing in the door of the 
 tent (he and Antoine, when I first went into the tent, were seated in it, but as 
 tlieir rage increased they worked themselves out to be in a circle of the other two), 
 where he was delivering himself of the most rebellious language possible. I made 
 an approacli to him, putting my hand up before him, motioning for him to stop. 
 lie at once squared himself, doubling up his fists and drawing back in position, 
 as it were, to jump upon and fight me. Failing to make him desist without forci- 
 ble meaus, I thought at first to give him a good drubbing, but knowing Pat to 
 be of a powerful frame and muscle, and that if I did make an attempt I should at 
 once have a party of foiu- upon me, I demanded of Peter my rifle, which he gave 
 me. I hastened to my tent, laid down the rifle, ami seized my Baylie revolver, 
 and went back and faced the leader of the mutinous crowd, and demanded of Pat 
 to know if he would desist in his nuitinous conduct ? His reply being still more 
 threatening, I pulled trigger, and in a few minutes he staggered and fell. I 
 walked directly, but more as a man then suddenly dreaming, to the front of Papa's 
 tent, where was a crowd of frightened natives, passed the pistol to the hand of 
 Ar-mou, which still had four undischarged loads in it, and then ran back and as- 
 sisted in getting Pat to my tent. I supposed he could not live five minutes, but 
 a Mightier hand than mine had stayed the ball from a vital part. 
 
I 1 if ij; 
 
 ■ Mr' 
 
 Julr, I86S. 
 
 Death of Coleman. 
 
 361 
 
 The unhappy man, Patrick Coleman, Hngered from the 31st of 
 July until the 14th of the following month, during the whole of which 
 time every effort was made by Hall to save his life by the use of all 
 remedies at his command and by the most careful nursing, in which 
 his other men took their full share. Antoine made a full confession of 
 his having done wrong. The Innuits told Hall they had expcctr i 
 that the four mutinous men, whom he had encountered at the time of 
 shooting one of them, would attack and endeavor to kill him, and that 
 it had been their purpose to run to his rescue. 
 
 He now participated in the anxious uncertainties felt by his men 
 as to whether any whaling- vessel would visit the bay this year; and, 
 if not, by what possible means he could reach York Factor}- should 
 his hopes of making a final journey to King William's Land entirely 
 fail him. As far back as the 29th of July (before the mutin)^ he had 
 written in his journal : 
 
 I know not whether I and my company are to leave these regions this fall or 
 not. Most assuredly I have had no doubts but we should. All my expectations 
 and calculations have been to this point; but now as I look out upon Repulse Bay 
 and see it still fast in its ten months' icy chains, I must confess I begin to have 
 doubts. Many times a day I ascend our lookout hill to take long and prolonged 
 looks through my "spy" down to the southeastward, in the direction of the per- 
 petual open water that sweeps through Kurd's Channel and Frozen Strait across 
 to Beach Point, and thence rushes down Eowe's Welcome. No ship there afar oli' 
 to gladden my sight. It has been my plan that if none should enter Eepulse 
 Bay by the 5th of August, I would embark in our boat Sylvia for York Factory. 
 But will it be prudent to attempt the voyage in this boat? 1 know that Dr. Rac 
 made a successful voyage here from that place, and the next year returned to it. 
 But his boats were large, heavy, and strong, and the Sylvia is of the lightest con- 
 struction possible; her planks of cedar one-half inch thick only. 
 
 During the illness of Coleman, it was found out that at least one 
 
 f 
 
 i-. 
 
 m 
 
 '4 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 m 
 
 (I* 
 
 of the other four men had said if he could not otherwise get a boat 
 
I: 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 ' 
 
 ' ' 
 
 till 
 
 1 
 
 H\ 
 
 
 Ill: 
 
 ;iif 
 
 ,1:11 
 i 
 
 ! It rl'l 
 
 m 
 
 1 \m\ 
 
 1 ' 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 llfii! 
 
 lili 
 
 362 
 
 Release of the Surviving White Men. 
 
 [ANgHM, J 808. 
 
 he would steal one, and go to York Factory with his fellows. Hall him- 
 self, under the force of circumstances, had gained Ar-mou^s consent to 
 have the Lady Franklin for their use, promising that the Sylvia should 
 be at Ar-mou's service so long as he should still remain in the country. 
 But on the Ifith he was relieved from these anxieties by the sight at 
 anchor of the Ansell Gibbs and the Concordia. The four men were 
 notified that they could make what arrangements they pleased for 
 their return, and they all promptly shipped on these vessels, Lailor, 
 whom Hall always commends, and on whom he had somewhat counted 
 on to remain another year, shipping last of the party. Hall gave to 
 each a certificate of his having served through the year and his note 
 for the payment due. As for himself, although he found that he could 
 make very few purchases from these vessels for his still expected jour- 
 ney to King William's Land, he determined to stay. Mr. Grinnell had 
 sent him some further supplies, and he would once more depend on his 
 own labors and on the friendly inrmits. 
 
 The first encouragement which followed this determination was 
 the capture of another whale on the olst of August. For this the 
 natives were as anxious as himself The blubber was needed for fuel, 
 the skin for food, and the meat chiefiy for the dogs. When a fine rising 
 of a coveted prize was now seen in the harbor, the native crews of the 
 Sylvia and the Lady Franklin were quick to give chase under Hall's 
 orders, and on the Lady Franklin's nearing the whale, Ar-mou splen- 
 didly threw two irons into its flank, but unhappily not until the bow 
 of the boat had struck the animal a few feet abaft the fins. From the 
 swiftness v/ith which the line ran out, it was clear that the whale had 
 struck for soundings. But suddenly the line ceased to run and the boat 
 began to move along with great rapidit)% the line still slack; she 
 
Aagual, IH«H. 
 
 A Second IVIiale Captinecl. 
 
 863 
 
 careened, and was, at last, thrown completely on her beam ends, the 
 explanation of which was that the whale had rushed along with the 
 boat on its back. It was no wonder that at the time every man thought 
 himself lost. But before long the boat righted, the oars on one side 
 being cracked; one of them, destroyed. 
 
 It was an hour from the first blow until the whale spouted blood 
 and ended the struggle "with thunder claps from its broad tail upon 
 the waters." The natives on shore, while watching the fight, went 
 through an an-koot-ing performance for its successful issue. They 
 aided in hauling the whale up on land, and began their feast from it 
 that night at supper. Two days later, the whole company of men, 
 women, and children, numbering more than fifty, went hard to work 
 making deposits, when the women cut up and carried in their hands 
 masses of the meat; the men dragged or carried on their shouldei"8 
 
 ¥¥ 
 
 
 
 , ■ i 
 
 M 
 
!:|i 
 
 r i' 
 
 |;: 
 
 i; * 
 
 364 Deer-Hunting at Talloon. [»«pienib«r, isas. 
 
 i blubber and meat; the children "bolted" pieces of the black skin; 
 
 and trains of dogs pulled "horse-pieces" up the steep rocks. For 
 cooking some of the meat, fires of bone and oil wei*e made, the Innuit 
 customs forbidding the gathering of wood at such times for fuel. 
 Dried bones found scattered around were collected in a fire-place, 
 which was only a few stones supporting a kettle, the bones answering 
 the purpose also of a wick, and a very hot and sooty fire being thus kept 
 up. The longest blades of bone of this whale measured seven feet; 
 all were willingly and unanimously given by the natives to Hall. 
 The cache was made at Iwillik. 
 
 j |:| On the 12th of September, a removal was made, with few of the 
 
 natives, to the west side of Talloon Bay, where they spent the rest of 
 the month and the month following chiefly in deer-hunting. Hall 
 himself on one day shot five deer in five minutes, and Too-koo-li-too 
 became quite a marksman. 
 
 November 4 a journey was undertaken to Lyon's Inlet to de- 
 tennine the location of some places in regard to which Hall had not 
 been satisfied with PaiTy's chart. His companions were his old 
 friend Papa-tew-a, with one of his wives and a child ; his team was 
 made up of ten dogs. On the 12th, the party were at the head of 
 Haviland Bay; on the 14th, Ross Bay was crossed, and on the 17th 
 an encampment made on the south shore of a peninsula to which the 
 natives gave the same name with their northern settlement — Ig-loo-lik. 
 Here Hall busied himself with the survey of the coasts and an exami- 
 nation of the channel called by Parry the Rush of Waters. Visiting 
 the site of a stone pile spoken of by Captain Parry as put up for de- 
 positing a memorandum in the absence of Mr. Sherer, one of the officers 
 of Im Second expedition (1821), Hall found it still undisturbed. Re- 
 
St 
 
 -.^, 
 
 
IjIrflSI 
 
 t M% 
 
 m 
 
 ^ i 
 
N*TCBib«r, 1868.] Joumeij to l/yorHs Inlet. i}G5 
 
 maining for some days in this locality, ho discovered and surveyed a 
 creek called by the Innuits Nee-bar-bic. He then learned that there 
 was another bay on the east side of Lyon's Inlet corresponding in lati- 
 tude to Parry's Norman Creek, and vv^as thus able to understand some 
 difficulties. Parry had erroneously given the Innuit name of his Nor- 
 man Creek as Neeb-wa-wik, the pronunciation of which is close to 
 that of Nee-bar-bic. When Hall had heard of this last creek from the 
 Innuits he had taken it to be Parry's Norman Creek, and could not 
 understand that the distinguished navigator had placed this ten miles 
 out of position ; it was the application of the Innuit name only which 
 was wrong. He was gratified by the discovery of a new creek in an 
 inlet which Lyon had so thoroughly examined that he thought no arm 
 or brancK had been overlooked ; but believed that the approach had 
 been hidden from these officers by a high island. 
 
 When the party wished to encamp at night on the 14th of the 
 month, they took possession of a newly-deserted igloo. It was dark 
 at 4 p. m., when they entered, but soon afterward an Innuit known 
 as Tom came in with his child from one of his deer-meat caches. He 
 brought the news that Ar-tung-nn — the man who at Ig-loo-lik had 
 once exchanged names with Hall — was at the point of death in a vil- 
 lage a little northward. Hall visited him the next day, but found 
 that the poor consumptive was past saving, and was insisting that his 
 son should end his sufferings by stabbing him or by shooting him with 
 an arrow, against which Hall's earnest interposition was ineffectual. 
 The igloo which he had been occupying had been built by Ar-tung- 
 un^s son, that he might remove to it instantly on his father's death, 
 and so avoid the loss of several days of mourning. The day follow- 
 ing he hung his father. 
 
 I;i 
 
 .. 
 
366 
 
 Injured Instr^'ments. 
 
 (NvTaMbcr, I8«H. 
 
 m 
 
 ■M 
 
 ! !| 
 
 iiii 
 
 IS 
 
 ! 1 5i; 
 
 i li 
 
 The note-books of this journey are filled up with the minutest 
 details of the visits, of the observations attempted, of their computa- 
 tions, and of the perplexities into vhich Hall found himself driven by 
 the severity of the cold, the changing season, and the injuries renewed 
 to his instruments, ])reventing the accuracy he so much desired for 
 his work. 
 
 The notes of the night of the 15th of the month say : 
 
 Tried my best to make observations for latitude of Jupiter, but though not 
 a cloud in the heavens, yet the stars shine dimly apd fine snow is falling. Usu- 
 ally the sky is called hazy when it is really diffused aurora. 
 
 Again, on the 20th : 
 
 Nothing causes me greater regret than the poor instruments I have in the 
 way of sextants. At nine this evening the heavens became clear, and I tried 
 my best to get some good observations of Jupiter, though he had passed the 
 meridian. By several observations I could determine the latitude, but that only 
 could I make. The silvering on the glasses is all cracked by the frost of several 
 winters of the North. 
 
 On the 28th, the moon at 8 p. m. was covered with a hazy 
 atmosphere, but was gloriously surrounded by several circles: the 
 outer one of rose color, then a lesser one of pea-green, then lilac, and 
 then a knob of radiant light like the sun's. The outer circle was 
 about 5° in diameter. 
 
 His pocket-chronometer having provokingly stopped, he devised 
 a plan for detecting a repetition of the fault; this was to place the chro- 
 nometer in his hood and next his right ear. The fob was made by one 
 of the Innuit women out of rabbit and deer skin. From the time he 
 rose till he retired, the instrument lay next his ear as in the safest and 
 most convenient place considering the calls upon it. When keeping 
 it next his heart, it was warm and safe from any sudden jar. 
 
.^< 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 if 
 

 ■ ■' i 
 
 'f !(■' 
 
 01UC 
 
 'I 
 i \ 
 
 ■}■ 
 
 ' 4 
 
 VdRnrr 
 
 
 GCiOl 
 
 vL 
 
n Vo 
 
 Naveoiber, 1868.] 
 
 Discoveries Made in 1868. 
 
 367 
 
 The exposures to which he had been again subjected on his jour- 
 ney held him close for a day or more in his igJoo, where he wrote on 
 the 2.'ith: " Snatches only of sleep have I had for several nights. In 
 noting down my work as well as in taking observations, I have had 
 my right thumb frost-bitten, and that, when I did not know it." The 
 aurora of that date, the finest of all he had witnessed, he could not 
 attempt to describe. 
 
 The 29th of the month saw him back in his old quarters on the 
 bay. In a letter to the President of the American Geographical 
 Society, written after his return to the United States, reviewing the 
 geographical explorations he had made on the two journeys of this 
 year, he claims the discoveries of a new inlet, lat. 67° N., long. 84^^ 
 30' W., a few miles north of Norman Creek; a bay on the west side of 
 Fox Channel, lat. 69° N., long. 81 "^ 30' W.; a lake twenty-five miles 
 in length, lat. 68° 45' N., long. 82° W. ; and a second lake, in lat. 69° 
 35', fifty miles in length, with its two outlets, the lake running par- 
 allel with Fury and Hecla Strait. Also, two islands : one northwest 
 of the west end of that strait and the other at its east end. What he 
 considered accomplished of the most importance geographically, was 
 the completion of the coast-iine around the northwest side of Melville 
 Peninsula to Cape Crozier. The bay now discovered was said to have 
 an entrance from Barrow Strait, lat. 73° 43' N., long. 83° W., and to 
 extend very nearly in a southerly direction to about the 71st degree 
 north latitude. The natives had assured him that at times they killed 
 in it five whales in a day, and that it abounded in the smooth-back 
 (Baloena mysticetus) and in narwhals and seals. It was free from ice 
 every summer, and promised to be of as much value to whalers as 
 Cumberland Sound. 
 
ftc'li')' 
 
 ,'!.';°o(i' 
 
 i'l .'ill 
 
 r,6'f.6 
 
 T 
 
 .•*s 
 
 HA VI I. AX/) \ 
 h' A Y i'-'^' 
 
 S5"30' 
 
 r-tuk-ji<'i--fJitM>r 
 
 i>n I hi fi journey a /iftf Inht . ,\Ue - bar -hie. Wd.-i (/(scn-r rr,i , 
 Capf. Parry gives the tki iric, Xech - \\ n ~ w li,' , h> 7\'i> riiiun C 
 Thi' Esijmmaua- nanw ot' tluN Crtt k is Kcrnniik-rlu-or-rhoo 
 
 -jC>" I'll 
 
 JcCsJ 
 
 Ujmm^it»A u<, I ■ p. LUm 
 
368 
 
 Winter Quarters at Talloon. 
 
 (December, 1H68. 
 
 I 
 
 11 
 
 m 
 
 Returning from the last of these surveys, made as has been seen 
 after the full setting in of the cold of November, Hall hud before him 
 a period of four months to be passed through before a sledge trip for 
 
 the Franklin Records could be renewed. The first half of this period 
 was spent in rest and amid the winter festivities of the natives ; the 
 second half was a time of the severest labor and fatigue in preparing 
 provisions for his next and last journey before returning to the United 
 States. 
 
 \mm, 
 
Jannarjr, I860.I 
 
 The Noowook Natives at Iwillik. 
 
 369 
 
 The village near which he quartered himself now coutained one 
 hundred and twenty inhabitants, a number to which it had suddenly 
 risen by the coming in of some from Lyon's Inlet, who had heard of 
 the whale captures. 
 
 December and January were spent by this people in a round of 
 amusements, feastings, and gynmastics. A low kind of gambling, 
 sjjoken of as " whirling a trigger," was supplemented by renewed 
 an-koo-ting performances, all of which were broken in upon at times 
 by long and weary journeys through snow and ice to renew from 
 their deposits exhausted supplies of food. The natives, as was to be 
 expected, were often very improvident, voraciously consuming a load 
 of as many as five deer in an hour after bringing them in, and then 
 suffering from absolute want. On the first day of the new year, the 
 fifth which Hall had now spent in the North, he entertained at din- 
 ner all those who had been with him through his first winter at 
 Noo-wook. Ten of the forty-two had died, and but two children had 
 been born. 
 
 He was aided by the natives during the winter more fully than 
 ever before, no alienations such as have been sometimes referred to 
 again occurring; but his chief difficulty seems to have been an excess of 
 cordiality on their part, which broke in upon him while working up 
 the observations made on his trip to Lyon's Inlet. His igloo was 
 sometimes filled with men, women, and children, keeping up a constant 
 jabbering, humming, crying, and begging; noises which made him 
 say that if he could have some retirement, it would be the blessing of 
 an earthly heaven. They often gave him further disquiet by unscru- 
 pulously laying hands on his own stores — never asking leave. 
 
 Papa Tew-a, on one of the bleak days of January, drew for him, 
 
 ! i?' 
 
 •II 
 
 m 
 
 If 
 
 ii: 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 111 
 
 f 
 
 S. Ex. Ii7- 
 
 -24 
 
 I 
 
370 
 
 Pa-pa^s Sketch of Pond's Bay. 
 
 [Januarjr, IMttO. 
 
 % 
 
 ■)W: 
 
 in his igloo, the accompanying sketch of Pond's Bay, Hall writitig 
 down from dictation the names corresponding to Pa-pa's numbers. 
 
 SKETCU OP POND'S BAY, DRAWN BY THE INNUIT PAPA. 
 
 1. Too-e-joo. 
 
 2. Oo-gla. 
 .'{. l)iscliiir}>iiig glacier. 
 
 4. 4. To»)-loo-yer. 
 
 o. CTrounded icebergs. 
 
 G. Sliar too, 
 
 7. Iiig-nut-ta-lik. 
 
 8. Large and high grounded iceberg. 
 
 9. Ou-kee-lee-ark-tung. {The penin- 
 
 sula.) 
 
 10. Ou-u-ee-too. {Olacier.) 
 
 11. A bay abounding in whales. 
 
 12. A roof-like hill, on an extensive 
 
 plain. 
 
 13. Koo-ook-ju-a. {A very high water- 
 
 fall; tenting place there.) 
 
 14. E-teu-yer. 
 
 15. Two remarkable rocks. 
 IG. Too-uoo-nee. 
 
 17. Kung-e-er-a. 
 
 18. Neer-ker-oon. 
 
 19. Seeer-wok-too-ii. 
 
 20. Too-arn, 
 
 21. Ung-ina. 
 
 22. Kik-kik-te-ting-nuu. 
 
 23. Kik-kik-tnk-jua. 
 
 24. Im-me-le. {Lal<e on this isle.) 
 
 25. E-e-la. (Something Hie a window in 
 
 mountain-side.) 
 
 26. A head of whalebone just below 
 
 low tide. 
 
 27. Kim-e-big. 
 
 28. Too-loo-karn. {Four isles.) 
 
 29. Kook-win-ar-loo. 
 
 30. Toong-win. 
 
 31. Kin-e-loo-kiin. 
 
 32. Ee-we-shar. 
 
 32. Ee-ark-jn-a. {The point; a very high 
 
 mountain and the wind heard con- 
 stantly roaring at its top. 
 
 33. Small island. 
 
 From natives of the inlet he received some singular accounts of 
 
 minerals found there. 
 
 Native iron in great abundance. Stones that are of very fine grain, look 
 pretty, and stand upright ; the same being long, slender, and like round sticks of 
 wood ; some elastic, that is, will bend. Also a great many pretty stones that are 
 transparent, just as clear as crystal, like the sun-glass given to Ar-M-too. From 
 the description of some of these stones, or I should say of some other kinds which 
 are also like glass in appearance, I cannot well comprehend what they be, for.4.r- 
 ka-too says, as the sun is shining on them, if the hand shadows them, away they 
 go down in the ground, appearing to act as though alive. By great carefulness 
 Innuits have succeeded in catching now and then some of these wonderful stones, 
 
s 
 
 SKKTCll OF 
 
 PONDS BAY 
 
 llvtholnniiil Papa 
 Di'awu ill Jan. 1869 
 
 I 
 
 p'.l 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 Mm 
 
m 
 
 
 :t 'A 
 
 M 
 
 ..Va. 
 
ii<rbrnnrr, iNH». M'mcralsfroM Admiralty Inlet 371 
 
 and whoiusver tliey <lo thus succeed, the utoncs are hard and j^lasM liUr. This 
 seems to lie ni.vth-like to ine, but some ouo in the States may find tliis matter 
 e\|)hiinal>le. * ♦ * 
 
 Since writin}"- tlie above, I have looked into the Admiralty Manual of Sci- 
 entitic iiKjuiry and found the followiuj: : "With regard to dimorphism, or the 
 crystallization of the same chemically composed substances in dilferent forms 
 • * • , rifiht rhomboidal crystals of sulpliate of nickel exposed in a vase 
 to the siui were found changed in the interior without passing through the liquid 
 state into octahedrons with a square base, the exterior crust of the original crys- 
 tal retaining its tirst form." (Pj). 251 and 252, edition of 1851.) 
 
 That there is something jieculiar in these crystals of Admiialty Inlet that 
 makes all the Innuits there, and all distant Innuits who have heard about them, 
 think they are sotnetimes as though alive, I do not doubt from the deeply-inter- 
 esting account giveu by Ar-lta-too. 
 
 Early in the month of January the natives renewed their sealinji- 
 on the ice of the bay, and Hall's party ag-ain fixed their headquarters 
 at Talloon, in a commodious igloo built on a lakelet, where a well of 
 pure water was easily made near the bed-platform of the hut. The 
 Ujloo was made comfortable for eleven inhabitants. It was carefully- 
 lined with skins hung- within five or six inches of the snow-walls, mak- 
 m^ inside of it a tupik. This main building was an oval 22 feet long-, 
 13 wide, and 8 feet hig-h, and was connected by a took-soo (passage-way). 
 It had six store-house huts. The floor of the passage-way, as usual, 
 was lower in the middle than either at the doorway or at the entrance 
 of the main building. A door of hard snow for each store-house was 
 fitted into a casemate of the same "pure white marble." 
 
 In these quarters the chief business of February and of March was 
 the drj'ing of venison over the native lamps — a slow and very laborious 
 process. While this was going on, the door-ways were closed, and 
 five lamps whose united length of wick was fifty-six inches, were 
 kept blazing day and night, consuming 78 pounds of blubber a week. 
 
 ,l',v 
 
572 
 
 Vrvparation of Pennnican. 
 
 [marrh, IMOO. 
 
 nt 
 
 lis}; 
 i 
 
 By continuing the work nearly every dny, 170 pounds of thorouf^lily 
 dried meat, equal to 680 pounds of the fresh, were obtained. This, 
 mixed with tood-noo was good pennnican.* For a sufficient supply of 
 food for the dogs on the journey H.all was soon to undertake, he was 
 dependent on the natives, who with great difficulty caught for him a 
 walrus far out on the ice. His health was better than at any previous 
 time of his residence in the North; he never had a touch of scurvy. 
 His thorough adoption of the Innuit dress fully protected his person, 
 8o that, with the exception of slight frost-bites on his face, he sustained 
 no bodily injury from severe exposures. He took exercise only when 
 necessary to procure .' up[)lies or when inclination prompted ; — never for 
 the sake of exercise purely: but he found his strength and power of 
 endurance to increase, as is shown by his readily walking off for some 
 
 * Wlu-n Hall li'l't the United States in 18ti4 he contriicted for fiOO pounds desiccated licef 
 incor]>oratcd with 500 pounds of beef-suet tallow and put uji in tin ciins of 25 pounds eadi. lie had 
 now h'arned the value of this pemmieau in days bordering on starvation, on which lie ha<l sonie- 
 timea fallen. Henco his great labor at the date of setting out linally on so long a journey. In 
 this connection it ni.ay bo of interest to refer to the provision niadu by the distinguished Arctic 
 explorer Richardson when setting out on his boat voyage through Rupert's Land in 1H51. The 
 most ample means for the preparation of full sup])lies was in his hands. He describes it follows; 
 "A round or bullock of beef of the best quality having been cut into thin steaks, from which 
 the fat and the niend)ranous jiarts were pared away, was dried in a malt-kiln over an oak-lire 
 xintil its moisture was entirely dissipated and the fibre of the meat became friable. It was then 
 ground in a nuilt-mill, when it resembled iinely-gr.itcd meat. Being next mixed with nearly an 
 equal weight of melted beef suet, or lard, the preparation of plain i)eminican was complete; but 
 to render it more agreeable to the nnaccustomed palate a proportion of the best Zante currants 
 was added to ])art of it, and part was sw<'otened with sugar. Both these kinds were much 
 approved of in the sequel by the consumers, but more especially that to which the sugar had ber-n 
 added. After the ingredients were well incorporated by stirring, they were transferred to tin 
 canisters, capable of containing 85 pounds each ; and having been firmly rammed down and 
 allowed to contract further by cooling, the air was completely expelled and excluded by filling 
 the canister to the brim with molted lard through a small hole left in the end, which was then 
 covered with a piece of tin and soldered up. 
 
 "The meat in drying loses more than three-fourths of its original weight; ;{5,051 pounds 
 were reduced to about 8,000. » » # tJj,, natives of the Northwest dry their venison 
 by exposing thin slices to the heat of the sun on a stage nnder which a small fire is kept, more 
 for the purpose of driving away the Hies by the smok*^ than lor promoting exsiccation, and then 
 they pound it between two stones on a bison-hide. In this process the pounded meat is contami- 
 nated by a greater or smaller admixture of hair or other impurities." 
 
 uAi 
 
 |||,|l 
 
 
ITInrch, 1H6H.I 
 
 Readiness for Another Sledge Journey. 
 
 373 
 
 (llstanco in a rue-rad-dy (harness) with a sled-load of 429 ponnds, the 
 sled-shoeing of which was iced moss. Healthful occupation of the 
 mind, devotion to the work still before him, and a continued friendly 
 intercourse with the natives and participation in their amusements 
 and hunts were, doubtless, the additional causes of his freedom from 
 sickness and casualty during'' this season, as they had been through 
 the preceding four winters. 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 HI 
 
 r 
 
 By the 2l8t of March he had nearly completed his preparations 
 for a start. To secure dogs and their food, three trips were made inland 
 and two to a settlement on the ice; requiring in all a journey of 170 
 miles. Nearly six hundred balls were molded over a coal-fire in a 
 small stove belonging to Ar-mou. The stores which he was to leave 
 behind were placed in charge of his Innuit friends to whom presents 
 were made, the packages of which wei"e each labeled with a tag having 
 on it the picture of an animal, as a help to Ar-moiCs memory in deliver- 
 ing them to each friend. All appear to have been at this time cor- 
 dial well-wishers of his success, a goodly number of them being pro- 
 fessedly ready to go with him.* 
 
 *Th(!y were probably iif^aiii roady lor a clianjjo. Tln' two jtrcciMliiij; iiiontlis had been to 
 thorn a .season of iiuiiHiial Hutt'oriii;:; from cohl, ami at times from want. Ihit few seals had been 
 caught. The severity of tlu! 0(dd had been experienced Ihronghont a fearfnl gale in .Jaunary, 
 lasting throngli ten conseentivo days ; and in February there was the unprecedente<l occnrrenco 
 of ii burying \ip of their snow village, closely endangering the lives of all the Innuits. In one of 
 tlio huts, a child, which had rolled a little way out from its mother's slee])ing-robe, froze into ice. 
 The Journal of January 2r> had read : " Still another day (the Kcnentli) of the severest storm I have 
 ever witnessed. All day yesterday, the wind was but one degree less than a hurricane forces ; and 
 it w.as with great danger that I ventured out from the toultioo, to visit my Wind Indicator, though 
 the distance is not more than 20 yards. The storm is right abeam, and the only way to keep 
 myself erect is by strong bracing against and reclining on the wind; yet with all this jirecaution, 
 now and then the wind will lift and drive mo tumbling and ndling like a, drunken man. It has 
 been so charged too with drift, that it has been inipn.ssible to designate whether the sky was 
 clouded or fair: I suspect that the latter is the case, for I could see the moon to-night dindy 
 through the drift, which appeared to be tho only obstruction. This p. m. tho drift changed from 
 the soft, pliant, impactable kind to that of dry sand (so to spctk); and then hy attrition the snow- 
 walls of our lidilices began to be; destroyed. An alarming fact was then i)alpablc — that w(! shou);! 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 t' V f 
 
 i 
 
 is,. 
 
 
 
 
 W: 
 
;J74 
 
 Jleadiness for Another Sledge Journey. 
 
 march, INIilt. 
 
 Hall was in higli spirits when, on the 22d of the month, ho ad- 
 vanced a load of proviHions to North Polo Lake, and ho would have 
 started out on tliat (hi}' with his full stf)res and his annimnition and 
 weapons to meet even the Neitchille tribes, had not a severe gale set 
 in. The delay of one day was a trial. 
 
 Hooii l)(* Mlicltcrlcss ill tliiH inont pitiless Htorin iiiiloss wo could doviso snnio way to stny tlio swift 
 ilcstructioii. I'aim Tnr<i und I, in our full winter li^, ventured out with a des)ierate deterniinii- 
 tion, sou};lit our \\»y here and tlieru aliont the building, and threw iipliankH of niiow against Hueh 
 walls as had been entirely irorn through, or were nearly so; at out- exixiHcd ])laee of our eaHlle we 
 faHteiied a hivifi' (le<'r Nkin acrosM the hole hy iie;;s driven into the walls. IJut for the iiioouli/fht, 
 though dim, it would have heen a douhtful ease as to our staying the ravages of (he saiid-liUt^ 
 drift. The whol<( dome was destroyed at night, hut it was not of the hard) st eoiupaet snow. 
 When it was rebuilt it was again lined with seal and walrus skins, which when tirst brought 
 into the liiit were stilt' with ia-, but after hanging within for an hour eoninieneed dri|>|)iug. 
 Tiio ice was then ixiunded from tlieui. 
 
 Kbierbing, with some of his frii'iids, came in on the next evening after traveling all day 
 under the eonliiniauce of this storm; the drift so thick that at times, the dogs were eom]delely 
 hidden from the driver's sight. On asking what made him venture out, he answered, " llecause 
 we an^ «o hungry." 'I'ho Innuits (uit on the ice of l he bay for sealing (nunibeiiug one hundred 
 and ten persons) artMill M;<tl'eriug ; ,Ioo brought to (uir igloo a rfriif/ of Ook-gook oil A- blubber, 
 on getting which from a cache, (hey found that (he I'olar Hears had ealeii u]t the meat. 
 
 Under renewed necessities forced ui>ou us, ,Ioe visited a l"ox-trap a mile anil a hiilf from 
 iwillik and lound two prize Hwithin. 'J'he stone traji was of a pi'cnliar kind. Jluilt up of a 
 semi-globular shape, about four feet in diameter & four feet in heiglit, it had a hole near tli(( top 
 large enough only for a fox to Hiimcze himself in. The unimal on scenting the meat Jumps down 
 to the bottom, iis, at times, ten or more of them are found to have dou(!. Onco in, there is no 
 getting out. 
 
j^HAPTEI^^TTT 
 
 .lOURNKY TO KING WILLIAM'S LAND AND RETURN TO 
 
 TIIK lINrrKl) STATES. 
 
 MARCH 23 TO SEPTEMBER 26, lli(J9. 
 
 ^ i 
 
 W *■' 
 
^'1 • i ■ 
 
 f 
 
CHAPTER XITI 
 
 li 
 
 Hall bkgins his final journey to King William's Land-Routic toward Pelly Bay the 
 
 SAME with that FOLLOWED IN 1806 AND 18G7-TlIE CACHE MADE IN 18C7 REACIIED- 
 
 Safety of the stores-Deposit made for the return journey-Encamps on Lake 
 Tep-suk-ju-a, April 8-On Augusta Island, April 11— Meets Pelly Bay natives- 
 Peculiarities OP THE ice formation-Flying sledge trip to the igloos-Franklin 
 relics— Hall's natives alarmed-Their fears quieted-Musk-ox hunt near Simp- 
 son's Lake-\eitciiille natives met-Conversations with In-nook-poo-zhe-jook- 
 MoRE Franklin relics-Encamps on Todd's Island-Graves op Franklin's men vis- 
 ited near Peffer River-Graves on Todd's Island-Deep snow prevents further 
 search- Unwillingness op the natives to remain— Return to Repulse Bay— Inlor- 
 mation from In-nook-poo-zhe-jook on the route-Abundance op game from King 
 William's Land to Repulse Bay-Musk-ox hunts-Hall's letter giving the results 
 op this journey- Arrives at Repulse Bay— Plans of return to the United States- 
 Occupations DURING June and July— Places thp bone op his second whale and 
 
 HIS MUSK-OX SKINS ON THE AnSELL GiBBS— HuNTS THE BEAR AND THE DEEU AT WlIALE 
 
 Point— Sails for the United States— Arrives at New Bedford, September a!!, imx 
 
 The first page of Hall's note-book for March 23, 1869, has on its 
 fece the same cheerful words with those recorded in setting out on his 
 hopeful journey of 1866 — 
 
 " Now FOR King William's Land !" 
 
 Neither the long- and discouraging period of four and a half years 
 through which he had passed, nor the j-epeated inducements offered 
 to return to the United States, were peraiitted to stand in the way 
 of renewing this inscription. 
 
 His party now consisted not of white men on the plan proposed 
 
 377 
 
 m 
 
 L ' ■ r' 
 if i^ 
 
iiTH 
 
 Final Journey to Kiny Williumh Land. 
 
 I March, IMHU. 
 
 il 
 
 in 1866, but of five Eskimo men, three women, and two children. 
 These were Ebierbing^ and Too-koo-li-too, with their adopted dau^liter, 
 Pun-ny ; Ou-e-la, Pa-pa, Nu-her-zhoo, his wife {Pim-ny's mother), Eek- 
 choo-ar-choo (Jerry), and liis wife, with infant in lier hood : in all, 
 eleven sonls. 
 
 BETTIXa OIT FOH KING WII.I.IAM's LAND, MARCH K), 1809. 
 
 Proposing to follow his old route from Gibson's Cove to Pelly 
 Bay, and remembering that nearly the same route had been well 
 charted by Dr. Rae, he thought it imnecessary to occupy his time and 
 attention with astronomical observations on this part of the journey ; 
 and for like reasons would dispense with compass bearings, taking 
 care, however, to record the actual distances traveled. Experience 
 strengthened his purpose of conforming to the natural custom of the 
 Eskimos in making at the outset but short daily advances with heavily- 
 
* Lyon, in Lis Journal of tho Hecla, under Parry, says that his nine dogs drew 1,()1 1 pounds 
 on a sk'dgc of wooden runners, neither shod nor iced, a mile in nine nilnuteH; and lliiit, liad his 
 sle<l been iced, 40 pounds luoro could have been put upon it for every dog. Hall's loads exceeded 
 Ivyou's, and were for a long pull. 
 
 PIE!: 
 
 ? 
 ill 
 
 march, 1 869.1 Tlic SUdgcs Heavily Laden. 379 
 
 loaded sledges ; this was additionally necessary to inure himself and 
 party for a jouniey involving all the hardships and the length of time 
 now required. A gale blowing with the force of 8 prevailed at the 
 time of starting out ; it had the peculiarity of many Arctic storms in 
 its being filled with drift for a few feet upward only, while " above all 
 was clear as a bell." At 10 p. m., they completed tlie first iyloo on the 
 east side of North Pole Lake, and retired to sleep on a full Arctic 
 meal. The quantity of food consumed by the party of eleven for 
 their supper and for breakfast the next morning, was forty-four pounds, 
 exclusive of coffee and molasses ; Hall says he allowed every one to 
 eat as much as he would, and he himself ate as much as any one. In 
 the morning, a heavy drift, with a cutting wind from the northwest, 
 discouraged the Innuits ; yet they went forwai'd to please their leader. 
 At this time he had loaded the sledges more heavily than on any of his 
 j)revious journeys, for on weighing them accurately, he found that the || 
 
 gross weight of the sledge Grinnell was 2,724 pounds, and that of IJre- 
 voort, 2,.'i21, making an aggregate of 5,245 pounds, exclusive of the 
 weight of any of the party who might ride. This was an average of lj|i 
 
 292 * pounds for each of his eighteen dogs when all the travelers 
 walked. But the lame dojf Svlvia was not at the first attached to 
 either sledge, and for several days six of the others were missing; 
 the rest were, at times, busy with their usual fights. The runners of 
 sledge Brevoort — IG feet in length, with a depth of 10 inches — were 
 shod with slabs from the jaw-bone of a whale. Its seventeen cross- 
 bars were each 2 feet 1 1 inches. 
 
 
380 
 
 Tlie Chronometers. 
 
 [march, li§e». 
 
 :.. t ! 
 
 The second igloo was made on North Pole liake where it narrows 
 by a projecting- point of land on the east side ; and their third was on 
 
 Christie Lake, close by the one made on the 6th 
 of April, 1866. Hall was again much troubled 
 by the repeated stopping of his chronometers,* 
 
 DEKR-8KIN BOOTS. 
 
 SKAL-8KIN FOOT-GKAH. 
 
 SKAL-SKIN rOOT-GKAU. 
 
 which led him into errors in recording his dates ; he was unable to cor- 
 rect these until the middle of the month following. To relieve his 
 own weakened team, he and Pa-pa walked for some time in the rue- 
 
 * His method of correcting his chrouoineters may be learned from the following notes 
 (literally copied) made at the earlier dates of November 19 and 23 of a previous year : 
 
 " NoVKMBEK 19. — On arising this morning, I fonnd to my dismay that my Eggert's chro- 
 nometer, which I now use as my standard, had stopped. My rule is: the Ist thing before rising 
 in the morning to wind ni> Ward's chronom., which I keep on my person day & night, and then 
 wind Eggert's, which I keep in a little tin trnnk that sits on the bed-platform between my bed & 
 the wall of the igloo. Fortunately I compared th(! chronometers on the ICth; therefore this gives 
 the biisis for resetting my standard. 
 
 Ward slow on M. T. Ft. Hope (present encampment) 
 
 Ward losing per day !.')«. 8,5 X 3 days to date (19th) =47».C5 
 
 Subtract 3 seconds as I compare chronometers at xi a. m. (approx.) 3" 
 
 17« 
 
 :-f45 
 
 19th— Ward slow on M. T. Ft. Hope, xi a. m 6'" .02 
 
 Long. Ft. Hope W. Greenwich v'' 47 .44 
 
 Ward slow on M. T. Greenwich v W,\ 
 
 Compare chronometers : 
 
 Ist comparison : 2d comparison : 
 
 Eggcrt V 3 54 v 5 
 
 Ward.... xi 3 xi 4 6 
 
 .40 
 
 54.... fi 054 
 
 Eggert's fast on Ward 6 
 
 54 
 
 Eggert's fast on Greenwich M. T 0'> 7n> 08« 
 
 " No doubt there will now be a now rate for Eggert's, and this I must determine by some 
 star or planet, as the sun is now too low for time purposes. The rate of Eggert's, previous to its 
 running down, was — losing 2H'.6 jier day." 
 
March, iseo.j Thc Ckronomcters. 381 
 
 raddy (harness) alongside of sledge Grinnell. Ou-e-Ia here struck off 
 to the west side of the lake, to visit the spot where his biotlier Ar- 
 too-a was drowned from his ki-a. Nu-her-zliods wife confirmed the 
 account of the Franklin party as given by her in the previous year by 
 pointing out the spot where she with others had here seen the strange 
 white men going south. 
 
 His work was coutinucil on tho first favorable day wLich followed (the 23d), thus : 
 "At ixh 19"', by Ward's chronometer, tho rising sun was shining oh tho upper part of Boa- 
 con Hill, from the crest down sonjo soventy-fivo feet. At ixi' SO™, by same chro., fho sun's somi- 
 diami^tor was above tho crown of a hill about one mile to tho southward and eastward, 100 feet or 
 so above the level of the sea. My place of observation was on tho top of tho abruj)! hill next to 
 N. Polo Kivei, directly opposite or northeast of Beacon Hill, and elevated, say, 75 feet above tho 
 sea. 
 
 Compare chronometers, 2" 6" 0« p. m., by Ward's of this day (23d, civil time) : 
 
 (23d) Eggert's, viiii- ()>" 0» (G. M. T. on deducting .')'» 10»). 
 (23d) Ward's, 2'' C" 0" (Fort Hope M. T. on adding 7"' G'). 
 
 WardslowonE 6 
 
 Now to determine (in the absence of any late astronomical obs. for time) whether or not 
 Eggert's has the same rate since restarting it on the 19th inst. that it had before it lan down, I 
 proceed thus : 
 
 Ist comparison of chros. on the 19th was at xi'> 3'n a. m. by Ward or astronomical T. \&i 23'' 3"' 
 ^•^^ " " " to-day (23d) was at 21' 6"' p. m. by Ward or astronomical T. 23 2 6 
 
 ["433 
 L(or4<i.l271) 
 Interval bctw. 1st and 2d comparison, using tho former rate, Eggert's losing per day. 28.C x 
 
 Loss in 4't. 1271 r 118.035 06 
 
 L 1 — 58 
 Eggert's fast on G. T., 1st comparison 7m ys 
 
 Eggert's fast on G.T., 2d comparison 5 10 
 
 Time by Eggert's on 2d —^ii 6"' 0' 
 
 Time G. M. T. on 2d '"" 8 50 
 
 Time by Ward's on 2d 2 6 00 
 
 Therefore Ward's slow on G. M. T 5 54 ^^ 
 
 Long. Fort Hope west of G. in time 5 47 44 
 
 Ward alow on M. T. Fort Hope 7 6 
 
 Ward slow on M. T. Fort Hope ( 19th), 1st comparison 6"' 2" 
 
 Ward rate 15.85 (losing per d.) multiplied by the interval Ist and 2d 
 
 conip'n 44.1271 = 65».414535=1'" 5«.4= 7 7.4 
 
 1.4 
 Computing Ward's gives the same result. 
 The 2 ehrononis. have probably maintained their old rates. 
 
 1^:1 
 
 ! ^ 
 
 .11.' 
 
 I'm 
 
;fi '" 
 
 I! 
 ■1 i 
 
 382 The Chronometers. iM«rch, mm. 
 
 The day following, Hall succeeded in discoverin;^ the tracks of 
 the missing dogs, brought them all in, and made up an equal team 
 for each sledge. He was tempted to follow the Innuit preventative of 
 
 Anothw way of gaining the same rault. 
 
 Tlic (liifercuco of the a cbrononi, on Ist comp'u (19th) 6'' 0™ 54" 
 
 The differeiico of the 2 chrononi. present date 
 
 M 
 
 Eggert's loss in the interval 4'».1271 (X 28.0 losing per d.) 118''.0.'?» 
 
 Ward's loss iu the interval 4 .1871 (X 15.85 losing per d.) 65.41 
 
 5-2.62 
 
 1.38 
 Thus the dift'eronce in the results between computing the rate of Eggert's alone and apply- 
 ing it to Eggert's as the standard, and that of computing the rate of both and applying them to 
 each respectively, is only about one second and a half, or, as above, 1'.38. 
 
 Without noticing the few seconds in the rates of the chronometers in the interval from 
 ix"" 25"' a. ni. to 2'' 6" p. m. (both by Ward), I will proceed to compute for the nx)parcnt time of 
 sunrise this morning to this latitude, which is N. 66° 32'. 
 Let the basis be ix'' 2b"* a. m. by Ward, the time when the sun had i its disk above 
 
 the hill to the southward t& eastward or astronom. time 22'' 21'' 25'" 0« 
 
 Ward slow on M.T. Ft. Hope 7 6 
 
 Astronomical time Fort Hope 22 21 32 6 
 
 Add long, of Fort Hope W. of G v 47 44 
 
 GreenwichM.T 23 3 19 50 
 
 Equation 13 18 
 
 Greenwich apparent time 23 3 33 08 
 
 Without going through the whole process, I will simply state that the result is the approxi- 
 mate hour angle of the sun's rising, which is 2'' 3™ 12* or ix'' 56"' 48" a. m. apparent time. Now 
 for precision take this latter time and work out the time the sun's centre would be on the sea 
 horizon if there were no atmosphere, or, in othev words, if there were no refraction: 
 
 ixi'5()"' 48« II. m. of 23d, civil time, or 22* 21'' 56"" 48« 
 
 Fort Hope, diff. of long. W. of G v 47 44 
 
 G. app. time 23 3 44 32 
 
 (23-3.74) 
 
 S. Dec. (23d.) 20° 25' 2i;..V' 
 I .'■;5.97 
 
 8. 20^ 27' 22.()" 
 
 31".01 per h. 
 3' .74 
 
 11.5.977.4 
 
 l..'')5.97 
 
 Lat. 66^32', tang.. 10.362.384 
 S.Dec. 20O27i, tang.. 9.571.774 
 
 Cosine 9.934.158 
 
 2h 3m 2* hour angle. 
 
 ix 56 58 a. m. 
 Time apparent sun's coutro on the horizon not allowing any rufracliun." 
 
 ..L^". i(i".^i'' A- ?jirf'fc- ■.',,■■ rl'^.u. 
 
March, I8tt9.| 
 
 The Sleds Re-iced. 
 
 383 
 
 their running off, i. e., by tying up one of the forelegs to the neck. 
 At 5 p. ni., doubling up his teams, he ascended Im-nuk-too, the narrow 
 neck of land at the end of the mile-long lake which forms the water- 
 shed between Committee Bay and Repulse Bay, and at G.50 encamped 
 on the south side of Bae's Six Mile Lake. The travel was excel- 
 lent, although the snow was soft and deep. 
 
 Halting the next day near running water from Miles Lake, the 
 opportunity was embraced of thawing out the whale-meat and tongue, 
 146 pounds of which, placed in the liver, had the frost taken out in one 
 hour; this was fed to the hungry dogs, and they were permitted a day's 
 rest, as the snow in advance of them was discovered to be still very 
 soft. From the top of a hill near by, the sea of Ak-koo-lee, with its 
 vast extent of jumbled ice, was seen by Joe and Nuk-er-zhoo (Jack) — 
 a sea, according to Ou-e-la, to which in olden times Innuits resorted in 
 the fall to kill deer, on the meat of which they lived during the winter, 
 bringing whale-blubber from Iwillik for their fuel. 
 
 At 10.13 a. m., March 31, the party reached Cape Lady Pelly, the 
 journey from the point last named having few items of interest. 
 Musk-ox tracks, which once before had threatened to entice the 
 natives off their route, were now plentiful on the banks of the sand- 
 hills near the sea. "Jack" carelessly ran Brevoort sledge across a spit 
 of gravel ; Grinnell followed suit, and both sleds were halted for 
 re-icing, when the successful experiment was tried of re-mossing Grin- 
 nell sledge with a mixture of snow-water and urine, the latter mak- 
 ing the compound less liable to break up. At Point Hargrave a huge 
 drift had been encountered, into which both sleds were compelled to 
 plunge by the roughness of the ice close up to shore. These incidents 
 held back the advance. In the evening, as soon as the igloos were up, 
 
 bm 
 
 :;^!S 
 
 
 * 
 
 ii 
 
384 
 
 The Stores of 1866 SHU Safe. 
 
 [April, 1H«». 
 
 one of the women set the lamps agoing and melted the sea-ice for 
 water; the others covered in the huts, while Hall pounded up the whale- 
 blubber. 
 
 When he arrived at the cache which he had made on May 10, 
 1867, by transfer of his stores from their deposit of 1866, he found 
 them still in good condition; his notes, which give the time of this 
 arrival to the exact second of the hour on the 2d of the month, record 
 the expression, "Thanks be to God!" The bags of bread, sugar, 
 coffee, flour, and " Borden-meal biscuit" were frozen fast in a mass, 
 and in endeavoring to separate these, a large rent was made in a coffee- 
 bag, sacrificing a small part; another portion had become sodden 
 by water finding its way from a sloping surface of rock near by into 
 the rubber bag; these bags, however, had preserved the virtue of 
 the larger part. The coffee had been presented by Mr. J. Carson 
 Brevoort, of New York; it was browned and ground by Hall in the 
 spring of 1866. The pemmican in the hermetically-sealed cans, the 
 sugar and the brandy, frost-proof, were found in perfect condition; the 
 tea was mouldy. The whole of these stores were at once removed to 
 camp, and an excellent supper was set for all. Of the brandy, one 
 tablespoon, sugar-sweetened, and with hot water, was served out to 
 each, the dose being repeated in fifteen minutes. The remembrance 
 of this article being in the deposit which he helped to make in 1867 
 had already inspired "Jack" when approaching the cache and in his 
 work of unearthing it. For use on his return journey. Hall again 
 made a deposit of part of the stores just named under the same rock 
 at Cape Weynton which had covered them when left there in 1866. 
 
 From the Cape he was now to turn his face westward to the long- 
 desired King William's Laud ; but he at once experienced a renewal 
 
April, 1800.] 
 
 Delays by the Innuits 
 
 385 
 
 of tho unwillingness of his Innuit party to go forward. 'J'liey were 
 tardy in making any preparations for advance; they made their old 
 pleas of the necessity for their dogs being rested, and contended about 
 tho proper route to be pursued He says : " If I ever get to the end 
 of my journey with such an untamable party it will be a great feat 
 indeed ; they look to Joe also for an example, and he is taking life 
 cosily and lazily." Under some uncertainties as to the best course on 
 this first part of the westward route, Ou-e-la, on whom the main 
 dependence was to be placed, preferred the one which he said had 
 been formerly taken b}'^ himself and his father across the land from 
 Colvile Bay; and "Jerry," the Pelly Bay native, concurring in this. 
 Hall submitted to their direction. Starting again on the 4th of April, 
 at 6.46 a. m., on a northwest course, he found the land very low and 
 covered with snow, except where patches here and there had been laid 
 bare by the winds. The weather became stormy and the travel heavy. 
 The Innuits expressed their surprise at the ease with which he could 
 direct their new course by the compass, and Ou-e-la again showed his 
 native intelligence and his habit of observing time correctly by halt- 
 ing of his own accord at nearly the very moment at which Hall had 
 told him he might halt when the chronometer-hand should indicate it; 
 but the next day he was mistaken in his supposition that ho could 
 himself find the route, and was willingly guided by Hall's compass. 
 
 On the 7th, the chronometers gave more satisfaction, running well 
 by careful nursing. The course for the next two dsiys was still to the 
 northward and westward ; the land was still very low and gradually 
 sloping. Descending the steepest of a few hills which they crossed, 
 the party came upon their first small lake, and a little farther on upon 
 a second, which Hall at first supposed to be Dr. Rjie's Cameron Lake, 
 
 S. Kx. 27- 
 
 -25 
 
■ij I II q WWIW* W.",J i«U 
 
 386 Near Cameron Lake. iaphi, i8«a. 
 
 but found his error before the close of another day. Ho had passed 
 several deserted igloos and several Innuit stone monuments on the 
 ridges of little hills, on one of which was found a knoll of solid rock, 
 with Innuit stones set up in lines. 
 
 The discouragements did not diminish. Some of the Innuits rode 
 very freely upon the sledges, and "Jerry" suffered himself to be even 
 caught on one of them fast asleep. Hall, who throughout all his expe- 
 ditions seems to have expected that every one would in some degree 
 share his enthusiasm, singularly enough records here that the natives 
 had no appreciation of his mission, but must continually lose time by 
 stopping to smoke and "talk ; yet he adds that it was surprising that the 
 dogs could make any headway at all, as the sledges sank down full 
 six inches all the way, and at one time stuck fast in a huge drift on 
 the hill-side. Dr. Rae's chart was a guide to be fully relied upon, even 
 without the aid of the compass. Hall accounts for a mistake which 
 he thinks Rae made in regard to putting Colvile Bay on his map, by 
 attributing it to the low and level character of the land where he 
 expected to strike it. By Ou-e-Ms advice he made his fourteenth 
 encampment on the 8th on the new lake which they had reached. 
 Its Innuit name is Tep-suk-ju-a; Hall notes its trending to the north- 
 west. Here Ou-e-la very significantly said that this was the place 
 where his father and the Repulse Bay Innuits made their halt before 
 their meeting with the I^elly Bay natives. 
 
 The next day, to make a more rapid advance, tl' dogs were fed 
 at an early hour ; the whole amount supplied to them being, however, 
 but 60 pounds — a half feed. The men of the party were ready for a 
 vigorous start, for their strength had been renewed by a pemmican 
 supper the night before. The butter at the morning meal was the 
 
re -^-.r- ■: -pr 
 
 TT^ 
 
 U- lUM.l <i 
 
'fl 
 
 (;?,";•.'; ■ 
 
 in'-.v). 
 
 6H"00:- 
 
 fnoo: 
 
 et^Tai 
 
 /'ra tin y V , 1 .X( 'fuc /; nvJU 
 
 A: ^ 
 
>:■> 
 
 'jV 
 
 'jo 
 
 h!)" 
 
 ^..-r, •-, To', o3 1^ Hcaurort 
 
 Mc.TavisKHiftJ 
 
 -)!'''''* OKookerld 
 
 Ne.-vvyarn Id. 
 
 .862: 
 
 2i rrMts r«*( •>i tffltr-R. j^, tA.^,^f, f ^ Jof fw,. cf Fra.nJrUns men- *>hx>se. loius 
 
 \i^y^ IV ere fo lirui ^_r i*^!* ,Vaxz.ve-s 
 
 Keeuna Id . 
 (We stern Todds Isle^ 
 
 ^1 
 
 V 
 
 % 
 
 r 
 
 8t,°2c 
 
 i'd'tO 
 
 9d|30' 
 
 96 
 
 20 
 
 '■ii '" 'i"~ 
 
 '' ■miiiiiii II I. 
 
 ■Illl IITTV.TTTTr 
 
 93° 
 
 [l" 
 
 91° 
 
 90' 
 
 8;f 
 
 1 % 
 
t 
 
 wr^^^^wf.^"'"' "I. '"."■, lp.l"f^' " '■' ff 
 
 pp. 
 
 m 
 
April, 1869.1 Off the Old Route. 387 
 
 best oolc-gook oil, supplied to Hall by Pa-pa the winter before for his 
 night lamp. Expecting to meet Pelly Bay men before the close of the 
 day, all the party busied themselves in getting their spears, knives, 
 guns, and pistols in order, and at 10 a. m. moved off toward the 
 northwest end of the lake to descend the little river leading from that 
 point to Pelly Bay. The snow was still deep and soft, the thermome- 
 ter indicating- 23°, a temperature uncomfortably warm for traveling. 
 At noon, drawing near the end of the lake, highlands were found on 
 each side, closely confining the banks of a river ; and here the first 
 spots of bare ice were crossed, swept clean by the high winds through 
 the gorge. 
 
 . Beginning now, as he supposed, to descend Kellett River, in two 
 minutes he was surprised to find himself ascending frozen rapids where 
 the compass-bearings had pointed out the true place of entrance. 
 Continuing up this river, he passed a magnificent pile of rock structure 
 200 feet high, looking like the side of a fortress, and having a kind of 
 reddish moss far up on its cliffs : the land on the other side also was 
 high and bold, presenting a very different scene from the flats over 
 which the party had been for several days passing. The dogs still 
 drew their heavy loads through the deep snow which covered the ice 
 of this river, and when halts were made to discover from neighboring 
 hill tops a route to the bay, the ruggedness of the mountainous land 
 presented a discouraging prospect ; yet Hall consented to follow the 
 advice of Ou-e-la by going forward rather than returning to the route 
 of Rae's chart. Late in the day, detaching the dogs and putting 
 bridles on the sledges, he made a dangerous descent to another lake 
 at the foot of a steep and high hill, estimating this descent to be nearly 
 400 feet in the quarter of a mile passed over. He was a good way off 
 
 I 
 
- iitffiiKt.^)»u^)i^m^if^^^aBit! 
 
 388 
 
 Augusta Island. 
 
 [April, 18«0. 
 
 i 
 
 li; i 
 
 from the route followed by Eae in 1854 through Kellett River. On 
 tlie day following, however, shaping his course to the westward, he 
 gladly saw the sea-ice directly ahead. Far as the eye could reach 
 with the aid of a good glass the bay and every inlet were filled with 
 very old and rough ice. At 1 1 a. m. he found this bay-ice very luun- 
 luocky ; rounded hillocks in some places rising to the height of ten 
 feet, while in others the ice was like waves of a heavy sea suddenly 
 frozen in. At 1 p. m. he struck on Century ice The Innuits had 
 anticipated this when they had found the ice of the sea of Ak-koo-leo 
 in the same condition, and Ou-e-la, remembering that on his previous 
 visit here with his father the ice had been smooth and fit for sealing, 
 now expressed his belief that the Pelly Bay natives would not soon be 
 met with, for they must have gone inland and southward to obtain 
 subsistence ; the bay being probably full of old century ice, there could 
 be no sealing. Having made some further advance across the ice, 
 Hall fixed his sixteenth encampment on the 11th in the midst of the 
 century ice near the east end of Augusta Island, Ou-e-la and Jerry 
 having on the way pointed out this island and the mouth of Arrow- 
 smith River. Their bearings were taken. In recording the location 
 of his encampment. Hall says : 
 
 It is no wonder that my dead-reckoning may be faulty, with but the aid of 
 ft small compass across a plain unknown country; snow-clad; thick weather; 
 snowing much of the time; no object whatever in sight to aid in making straight 
 courses; large variation of the compass; no sight of the sun, moon, or stars by 
 which to determine latitude or the extent of variation of the compass, — I can de- 
 termine by astronomical observations only the errors which are possible but not 
 probable. 
 
 At 7 p. m., an hour after his encamping, the sun burst forth in all 
 its brightness, giving him the first sight of it since leaving his encamp- 
 ment below Cape Weynton. 
 
 i ' i 
 
 •4 iikilMti «''Aifci> 'ii M 
 
t--'%^.'.'n~r.' - T^' ^^^*^ i' ^T " ■ "^v^^ — ■ 
 
 April, I860.] 
 
 New Igloos Discovered. 
 
 389 
 
 The clogs had now again a whole day's rest and a full feed of 126 
 pounds of Jcow; then with full paunches they filled out the twenty- 
 four hours with sleep. Not one of the eighteen had as yet given in, 
 although their loads on the two sledges, including their food and the 
 oil for fuel and eating, had been kept up to 2,100 pounds. The party 
 made another excellent breakfast, chiefly on the canned beef sent out 
 by Mr. Grinnell on the Ansell Gibbs in 1866 ; it was better than what 
 had been previously used, as the whole of the meat was fat, with no 
 bones to be picked out, and more than satisfied their hunger, leaving 
 a portion for use on the way. Hall now hoped that he would make 
 good progress, and within ten days would put his foot on King Will- 
 iam's Land. 
 
 On resuming their journey, an igloo was seen which, it was ut 
 once determined, had been newly built, the quick perceptions of the 
 Innuits crediting also its building to a left-handed man, for they saw 
 that the spiral of the hut ran from the left to the right inside, contrary 
 to the usual direction. The discovery of this igloo with its well-made 
 took-soo suggesting the near presence of Pelly Bay natives, Hall sent 
 out some of his company to find, if possible, their sledge-tracks ; but 
 although three additional old igloos were seen, the natives were not yet 
 overtaken. The huts last discovered had evidently been occupied in 
 midwinter, and the occupants had had plenty of fire. Within one of 
 these Hannah found a piece of ash wood, appearing to be the remains 
 of an oar. 
 
 When he left his last encampment, Hall had intended to make 
 directly for the west side of the bay, and thence cross the land to 
 the west, in order to look for the records and relics at some southern 
 point on the sea estuary of Great Fish or Back River ; but now, seek- 
 
 if' 
 
 i\ 
 
 11' 
 
 
390 
 
 Century Ice, 
 
 [April, 18He. 
 
 ir 
 
 ■I 1 
 
 ing to come up with the Pelly Bay men, in the hopes of getting from 
 them yet further information and even some papers of the FrankUn 
 Expedition, he changed his course to the northward This led him 
 over a narrow ice-flow of the previous winter's formation He camped 
 on this floe, which was found to be good seahng ice — new, but some- 
 what hummocky ; and from the top of a round hillock of century ice 
 12 feet above the general level he cut the ice to melt for making his 
 coffee. It was full of little cells, in which the salt of the sea-water once 
 was, the cells being occasionally as large as the thumb, though gener- 
 ally not larger than a pin-head. The surface had mud or clay im- 
 bedded in it, while at a considerable depth, the crystals were pellucid, 
 solid, and like fresh-water ice. On the floes of this Polar ice here and 
 
 there were masses in the foim of a berg. 
 The century ice was "a puzzle as to 
 how and where it was formed," and an 
 equal difficulty presented itself in the 
 question '* how the bergy masses of bare 
 blue old ice got to the top from the mar- 
 gin of the old floes." 
 
 On the 10th, a flying sledge trip 
 was decided upon to find the Pelly Bay 
 Innuits. At an early hour new spears 
 were made by fixing bayonets to the 
 
 8ABRES C^^RRIED BY HALL TO KINO i i rni 
 
 wiLUAM'8 LAND. cuds of loug polcs. Therc seemed reason 
 
 fPre&ented to Mr. J. J. Copp on his y n i /• ^ ^ ^i 
 
 return.) to i^ar an attack irom the tact oi the 
 
 well-known dissensions long existing between the men of his party 
 and these strangers ; aware of which. Hall had provided each sledge 
 with rifles, guns, bayonets, revolvers, a musk-ox and a st'al spear, and 
 
"ri^ 
 
 April, 1869. 
 
 New Acquaintances. 
 
 ii91 
 
 some ammunition. Still the heart of Pa-pa now failed him, and he 
 wished to stop with the women in the camp, which proposition was 
 declined. 
 
 At 7.53 a. m., when the party again started, the sun was out, 
 but the drift still filled the air, confining the view to a radius of 
 a quarter of a mile. Following a north-northeast course, in a half 
 hour they found Innuit foot-prints, which the gale of the night previous 
 had laid bare ; they seemed to have been made the day before. After 
 following for two hours the tracks on this course, the party retraced 
 their steps to the point at which they had first seen the foot-prints, and 
 on advancing in the opposite direction, the dogs soon scented the igloos 
 and flew ahead with so rapid and keen a jump as to trip up Hall and 
 Pa-pa, entangling one of Hall's feet and dragging him along till the 
 company with their whole force stopped the coursers. Ten minutes 
 later they arrived near the igloos, and "Jerry" was cautiously sent for- 
 ward, but soon reappeared with the signal to come on. After a halt of 
 twenty minutes in the gale and drift outside, old Tung-nuk and wife 
 and old Kob-hig appeared armed with long knives, but greeting the 
 new-comers with a welcome. These men had remained at these 
 igloos, while three families had located themselves a short distance 
 northward, the men belonging to them being absent at this time on a 
 musk-ox hunt to the westward. 
 
 On Hall's entering the huts, with "Jerry'' and Pa-pa for interpre- 
 ters, he began at once his usual inquiries about the Franklin Expedition. 
 Kob-hig, like his brother, old KoJc-lee-arng-nUn the chief met by Hall 
 in 1866, was sociable, jolly, and apparently kind-hearted. He vvas a 
 dwarfish creature. In Tung-nuJc^s igloo was found a gallon stone jug of 
 a light pinkish hue weighing about 5 pounds, tlie handle broken. It was 
 
 1 
 
 mi- 
 
 I 
 
 mi 
 
 ii 
 
 m 
 
 II ! 
 
1 
 
 392 
 
 More Franklin Relics. 
 
 [April, 186S. 
 
 i Mi 'V. 
 
 without mark or stamp, but was said to have come from King- William's 
 Land. Hall also found a copper ^oo(?-Zw (lamp), 2 feet 6 inches long- and 1 
 foot wide, and about 5 pounds in weight; the end of a sword 4 inches in 
 
 length; a snow-shovel 3 
 feet long, made of pine or 
 spruce, evidently painted 
 at first lead color, and 
 over this a coat of white 
 except that the lower face 
 was of fresh wood color, 
 and a piece on the left 
 side was light green This 
 last article the Innuits said 
 they got out of a ship's 
 beam or plank at Ki- 
 ki-tuk — King William's 
 Land. On asking Tung- 
 nuk about this snow- 
 shovel, he said it came 
 from a large ou-mi-en (ship). Was it there now? No; it had sunk. 
 Did the ice break it? No; the Innuits, in getting wood (timber or 
 beams) out of it, made a hole in the ship, and soon after, it sunk. The 
 snow-shovel was made of material very much thicker than it is now. 
 Ttmg-nuk had never been to Ki-ki-tuk (King William's Island), but 
 knew a great deal about what had taken place there from his acquaint- 
 ances who had been all over the island. The sword-point mentioned 
 above was immediately bartered for. 
 
 Tung-nuk told Hall that when the remains of the white men were 
 
 INNUIT SXOW-SHOVEL. 
 
 
li ' 
 
 April, 1869.1 
 
 Sufferings of the King William Natives. 
 
 393 
 
 discovered by Innuits on King William's Land, arms, legs, &c., were 
 found cut off to be eaten, and the cut of the bone had always showed 
 this to have been done by a saw. Kob-hig said that all of the white 
 men except two who were a long time ago at Ki-ki-tuk had perished. 
 One of the two was Ag-loo~ka (Crozier), and both of these had certainly 
 been seen by some of his (Koh-Ug's) friends. This last information 
 made Hall greatly regret the absence of two of these, Too-shoo-art- 
 thar-iu and In-nooh-poo-zhee-jooh. The foimer of these, who was said 
 to have taken some care of Crozier and his men when nearly starving, 
 was now in King William's Land. The latter, who had been all over 
 Ki-ki-tuk, and knew a great deal about the lost expedition, was, when 
 last heard from, at the estuary of the Great Fish River, and was 
 very ill. 
 
 The natives of this bay and of Neitchille had lost nearly all their 
 dogs the previous winter by the same Arctic disease which had swept 
 off those of Repulse Bay and Ig-loo-lik. The people were in an 
 almost starving condition, evident signs of suffering appearing within 
 and without the igloos. Nothing like food was found but a few seal- 
 bones with a trifle of rotten meat on them. There was no fire in the 
 huts, and Hall's own company barely made out to gather a little of 
 the fire-shrub from under the snow to aid in making their drinking- 
 water. 
 
 Old Kob-hig told Hall, on taking leave of him, that it would take 
 from six to eight days to cross the land to the western sea; that King 
 William's Land could be seen from the land on the east side of the 
 strait ; and that the island was low, and, there were many Innuits on 
 its eastern side. He said it was well that there was a white man with 
 
 
 ii 
 ill 
 
 i \ 
 
 mi\ I.- 
 
 i 
 
i 
 
 394 
 
 Simpson's Lake. 
 
 [April, lfM». 
 
 these Repulse Bay natives, for it would save their lives before and 
 after reaching the island. 
 
 Hall's men were now plainly alarmed. Some unpleasant demon- 
 strations, shown by Tung-nuk himself, had much to do with this, as it was 
 known that he had lost a relative and ** must kill somebody to make 
 matters all rig'ht between him and his God." It had been said, too, 
 that many Pelly Bay and King William natives had recently died ; — 
 Superstition might put the cause of this on any one of Hall's party. 
 His men were afraid either to go on or remain. But their fears were 
 quieted and they continued their journey, though the provisions they 
 thought would now run short, and a hunt for musk-ox cattle again 
 wearied them without success. It was well that the sledges had been 
 so heavily loaded on starting out on this journey, for Hall could still 
 feed his party and give some food to these suffering natives, among 
 whom was his old friend See-pung-er of 1867. 
 
 On the 18th of the month he determined by astronomical observa- 
 tions that his encampment (the twentieth) was on Simpson's Lake, lat. 
 68° 30' 22" N., long. 91° 31' W. Ou-e-la, who had been out on a 
 two days' hunt for musk-cattle, came in at 4 a. m. quite weary, but 
 successful. On discovering a bull browsing on EUice Mountain, he 
 had succeeded in getting within range, shattered the bones of one of 
 the animal's fore legs, and, after firing into him all the balls which 
 he had, shot his extra new rammer into the paunch: all these shots 
 having only wounded the bull, so that Ou-e-la could but drive him 
 several miles to the sledge-tracks and leave him there. "Jack" and 
 Joe started off with sledge and dogs for the prize, returning in two hours 
 with the whole ox, and also a small part of a deer, which Pa-pa had 
 shot. The bull had tried to hobble off, but the dogs soon brought him 
 
 t t , 
 
i< t 
 
 April, 1869.1 
 
 A Hunt for Musk- Cattle. 
 
 3U6 
 
 to bay, nearly tearing off his skin; a hunter's knife then ended the 
 fray. At night he was dragged within a large circular wall and skinned 
 and dissected, when a goodly proportion of the meat, fat, brains, nose, 
 and paunch were quickly devoured. Only the women failed in shar- 
 ing the feast; forbidden because the meat was not cooked. There being 
 no spare oil for fuel for cooking, they were fed on pemmican, whic^h 
 Too-koo-li-too told Hall she disliked as much as he had disrelished 
 wolves' meat on his journey to Ig-loo-lik. 
 
 The Innuits now asked a rest from the journey to hunt more 
 nnisk-cattle, as the animals would soon scattei*. To keep the men in 
 good humor, Ou-e-la and Pa-pa were allowed to go off on the hunt, 
 while Hall pushed forward to Giinnell Lake, on which he encamped 
 on the 22d. The two men met with some success, but Hall remarks 
 that, as usual, ''the greater part of what is killed goes down the 
 paunches of these Innuits, although, before getting leave to hunt, the 
 story always is that they want to get meat for the dogs. As for "Jack," 
 he is a regular hog ; he eats far more than any two others, and feeds 
 his own dog on the choicest pieces, without a shadow of feeling for 
 others." Hall gave him full swing, so long as he kept his hands off 
 the sledge provisions; these he rigidly rationed out, although he was 
 thus prevented at times even from leaving the sleds, lest some of the 
 party would stuff" themselves from the stores. 
 
 On the 27th, he crossed a branch of Murchison River, and from 
 this point made rapid progress over a level and hard field of snow, yet 
 his company were again disheartened, thinking that if he went on fur- 
 ther, they and the dogs would all starve before they could get back. 
 But Ou-e-la soon found the tracks of a sledge which had evidently 
 crossed Richards' Bay and returned. Despair was then exchanged for 
 
 111 
 
 % 
 '%■ ... 
 
 11 " 
 
 W t 
 
 m ' 
 
 m 
 
 
 II 
 
11 
 
 39G 
 
 New Igloos. 
 
 (April, 1869. 
 
 brif^ht and joyful faces. The last part of the day's journey being over 
 an unbroken old floe with many hillocks, and the dogs being very 
 weary, the twenty-fifth encampment was made among the hummocks. 
 
 The next morning, to Hall's great grief, all at once his pocket chro- 
 nometer utterly refused to go. Of this he said : " Few can imagine how 
 strange i feel at the loss of my chronometer ; its constant * tick-tick ' 
 at my right ear I thought anything but music, but now I feel lost." 
 His compass was very sluggish as they approached the Magnetic Pole : 
 he allowed 80° for variation. During the day Shepherd Bay and 
 Point Dry den came in sight across an extensive sea of hummocky 
 ice. His highest expectations now were to find the natives whose 
 sledge tracks from King William's Land had been seen. It was nec- 
 essary, however, to tell his party that if he did not promptly succeed, 
 he would let them stop all work and go to sealing, on which they went 
 right to work making seal-harpoons. They were troubled about the 
 dogs, which had become so ravenous as to gnaw the sledge-bars and 
 destroy the moss-icing immediately on its being put on the mn- 
 ners, this kind of sled having been now fully proven to be superior 
 to all others. 
 
 On the 30th, an igloo was seen to the southward with its wall-shel- 
 ter built to protect the sealers ; on visiting this, it was plain that it 
 had been lately occupied, for fresh tracks of men and dogs were all 
 around. Ou-e-la and "Jerry" were then quickly sent southward to find 
 Innuits ; and at the end of a couple of hours, to Hall's great delight, 
 signs were recognized from the two men that many inhabited igloos 
 were seen. Pa-pa now became more frightened than ever, and, on 
 conferring with the others. Hall agreed to stop behind the line of 
 pressed-up ice, which they thought would be an admirable breastwork 
 
Mmr, 1M«».J 
 
 Interview with Jn-nook-^too-zhec-juuk. 
 
 lid! 
 
 if fighting wero to be done, for now a village was Hoen and a nnniber 
 of men with dogs sealing ont on the ice. 
 
 The next morning the party started out, fully prepared to meet 
 friends or enemies. Each of the men luid at first something to say like 
 a prayer that those whom he met would be friends; in which Hall joined, 
 jmiying also, as ho says, that the interview might lead to nuich news 
 <tf Franklin's lost companions, and perhajjs "to the recovery of some 
 souls and of the records." Within IfiO fathoms of the iffloos a halt was 
 made, Hall, Pa-pa, and Joe staying by the sledges, while Ou-e-la, Jack 
 (Nu-ker-zhoo), and "Jerry" advanced a little way, with their long, sharp 
 knives in hand. But the Innuits came out of their igloos and inter- 
 mingled with the new-comers, on which Hall hastened forward and met 
 the man whom he most desired to see — In-nook-poo-zhee-jook. 
 
 The first question asked of 
 this man was, ^^Nou-timd Ag- 
 loo-kar (Where is Crozier?) 
 And the first thing shown to 
 Hall was a large silver spoon, 
 with an eel's head crest (Frank- 
 lin's; see Preliminary Chap- 
 ter), that came from a large 
 island where many white men 
 died. An encampment was im- i^'o«y knives, iokk, and spoons op innuit make. 
 
 mediately made with the chief's people, who helped to put iip igloos, 
 in which they used knives which had belonged to Franklin's Expedi- 
 tion ; they had one from McCHntock's. The names of the men were 
 taken down in a book, which act pleased every one of them at the 
 outset, and the day was spent in talks with them ; the inteipreters. 
 
 s > 
 
 ■ii 
 
 ^ 
 
 r; 
 
 if 
 
 •I i' 
 
 '•i: 
 :>i' 
 
 i 
 
 
 W- 
 
 m \ 
 
 ii 
 
398 
 
 The Native Map of King WiUiam\<i Land. may, men. 
 
 Too-koo-H-too and Ebierbing, soon getting used to tlieir idiom. Tn- 
 nook-poo-zheejooJc's hut was lull of articles from the ships, for a num- 
 ber of which Hall at once bartered. This native gave him a sketch 
 of King William's Land and its vicinity. The names given by him 
 for the numbers on his sketch were as follows : 
 
 SKETCH OF KING WILLIAM'S LAND AND THE ADJACENT COUN- 
 TRY, BY THE INNUIT IN-NOOK rOOZHEE .TOOK. 
 
 1. Kee-wee-woo. (Where one of the 
 
 ships, ErebvH and Terror^ sunk at 
 Ookjoo-Uk.) 
 
 2. Ootlcoo-lsh-e-lilv. 
 
 3. Great Fish or Back Kiver. 
 
 4. See-er-ark tu. 
 
 5. Noo-oo-tee-roo. 
 
 6. Olikce-jeer. 
 
 7. Ok-kee-jik-too. 
 
 8. Shoog-ee-look-too. 
 
 9. Too-iioo-nee. {Where In-nook-poo- 
 
 ghe-jook found the ttpo boats.) 
 10. Kee-tt-na. {A small island where 
 In-nook-poo-zhe-jook has seen the 
 remains of five white men. The 
 Innuits all believe that Too-loo-a 
 (Sir John Boss) died and was buried 
 here. (!) A meat-can unopened — that 
 is,fullof meat— found in Too-loo-ah 
 grave. His retnains wrapped in 
 blankets, and his body unmutilated, 
 while the four remainder were — 
 
 10. Keefiiia — Continued. 
 
 that is, limbs had been severed and 
 flesh taken off the hones of the four. 
 This island, one of Todd's Islets, 
 off the south shore of King Will- 
 iam^s Land. No boat found or white 
 men died on Ei-ki-tM-jua (Montreal 
 Island). Boat and the remains of a 
 great many whites found on a very 
 small island by the west coast of 
 the inlet of which Point Ricliardson 
 is the East Cape; this small island 
 halfway down the inlet, where it 
 turns sharply to the westward. 
 This islet without a name.) 
 
 11. Og-buk. (Matheson's Isle of Rae.) 
 
 12. Shar-too. 
 
 13. Koo-kar. 
 
 14. Ook-sook-too. 
 
 15. Igloo-le-archoo. 
 
 16. Point Dryden. 
 
 After remaining at this village until the 8th of May, Hall set 
 out for King William's Land, to visit a spot where, as he had heard, 
 five of Franklin's men were buried. He could expect to make but a 
 flying trip, as his party wore detei-mined to return to Repulse Bay 
 
 iR 
 
^■■T, ^7**" - ' ■ 
 
 ■ ■PI m\ivv^ 
 
 1 
 
 N 
 
 II 
 
 !i 
 
 ii'l 
 
 III 
 
 H ! 
 
 mm- 
 
 II 
 
I MT- -'■,.■■ ■' ■ . 
 
^^™™ 
 
 '-r <*" ^' ■''y^'-'^'^Ty^^vWtr^^^^fr!'*]^^ 
 
 Har, J 869. 
 
 Hall Arrives at King WilUani's Land. 
 
 399 
 
 within the two weeks following. Leaving strict charge with On-e-Iu 
 as to rationing out provisions in case no seals were caught, he took 
 M'ith him only In-nook-poo-shee-jook and Nw-ker-zhoo and wife ; the first 
 named provingagood guide. "A plug 
 of tobacco was given to Jack to oil his 
 mouth, as he had much talkinsf to do 
 
 LOWElt HALF OK OKSK. 
 
 to the dogs." The travel averaged two (De,...,sit.Hi at ti.o Smitimonian ii.stiintion.) 
 and a half miles per hour, and as night approached, the long-desired 
 sight of the land and the Table-Top Hill on what was called Matheson 
 Isle came in sight. Hall gave three cheers, 
 jotting down on his note-book as he rode, 
 " It is a glorious feeling I have, for I have 
 
 -~— .-- "^^^^^^^^^-^ 
 
 PART OF DESK. 
 
 been Struggling for this for ten years." ^"'"''"'''"' "ttlJutiSf '""'"" ^"■ 
 Coming to a group of four occupied igloos, he made his twenty-eighth 
 encampment with them near Booth Point. In these igloos also there 
 
 NEEDLE-CASE, KING WILLIAM'S LAND. 
 
 was quite a collection of Franklin relics, among which was a mahog- 
 any writing-desk, 18 inches long and 10 wide, on which a bottom 
 board had been put by the natives. It had been recently in use as 
 
 ii 
 
 !:jif 
 'I 
 
 'll'^'| 
 
 i::| 
 
 ■ i 
 
 mm 
 
 If 
 
 il . 
 
400 
 
 The Five Graves on Todd's Island. 
 
 imajr, I8«9. 
 
 a blubber-tray. Koo-nik, one of this party, gave Flail a silver spoon 
 like the one of which a drawing is found in the Preliminary Chapter 
 of this Narrative, and a second smaller mahogany box, with another 
 spoon and many other articles, including pieces of copper with two 
 stamps of a broad arrow, and a steel spear-head on which was 
 stamped "THE SHIP." All these had been brought from one of 
 Franklin's ships and from the shore on the south side of Ook-joo-lik 
 (O'Reilly Island). Knives, needles, thimbles, beads, and rings were 
 given in return 
 
 Going on from these igloos on the 9th, In-nook-poo-zhce-jook still 
 proved to be an admirable guide, leading Hall on a direct course to 
 the eastern islet of Todd's Islands. The compass at first showed that 
 the travel was south, but before long it showed it as northeast when 
 headed in the same direction. The weather was very thick when the 
 next to the last encampment was made about 10 a. m., and supper was 
 served on delicious fresh salmon of Neitchille, cooked and hot. 
 
 On the 1 1 th, Hall encamped on one of these islets — Todd's Island — 
 and immediately searched for the graves of the five men of whom the 
 natives had spoken as buried on it. Its northwest end was very low 
 and flat, and almost everywhere deeply covered with snow. He found 
 part of a human thigh-bone, which appeared to have been fractured 
 not long before ; In-nook-poo-zhee-jook told him this was part of one of 
 the five men But the prospect of finding the other remains was aban- 
 doned on account of the snow. Poo-yet-ta, a native who had gone on 
 with Hall from his last encampment to this island, now said that the 
 remains were not buried when he first saw them, but were found lying 
 down all close together, each fully dressed and unmufilated. In the 
 
' -S'^»'fTf^"'Tvy9iT*:*':".'--: 
 
 '^■.V7.-. y" . . /TT 
 
 nay, 186B.I The Remains of one of Franliin^s Men Foiiud hi/ Hall. 401 
 
 pockets of one of the men a jack-knife had been found, and alonjrside 
 of the remains, cans with meat in tliem which was eaten by the 
 Innuits. 
 
 The next day Hall crossed over to the mainland to find, if possi- 
 ble, the place where two more of Franklin's men were said to iiave 
 been buried. Arriving- near the mouth of Peifer Kivor, the natives 
 built for him a snow-wall to keep off the wind and driving snow, that 
 he mig-lit take some sextant angles. But the sun appeared for a mo- 
 ment only, and but once. 
 
 Late in the afternoon two of his attendants, after much labor, gave 
 him signs of success in digging through the snow for bodies, and on 
 hastening up to them he found one unburied skeleton. (Jver these 
 remains an American flag was raised half-mast, and a mornimont of 
 stones built up near by to the height of five feet. A salute was also 
 fired in honor of these remains as to those which Hall believed w(M"(i 
 the form of one "of the heroes who had solved the problem of the 
 Northwest Passage." The gale above and the hardness and depth of the 
 snow under foot debaiTed further search. (See the close of this cha j)ter.) 
 
 Returning from this examination of the coast of King Willinm's 
 Land, Hall made a second search on a point of the same southern 
 shore, but farther eastward; for, after close questioning the natives 
 Poo-yct-ta, In-nool-poo-zhee-jook, and Tuk-pee-too a third native met with 
 at his last encamp' nt, he believed he might find the reniains of still 
 another of Franklin's men. After ti'aveling about a half hour, the 
 party halted on a long low spit, called by the natives Kung-e-ark-le- 
 ar-u, on which the men last named "knew that a white man had been 
 buried" This, however, was chiefly from the accounts which they 
 had had from their people ; only one of these had ever seen the grave. 
 
 I til 
 
 \\ 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 m 
 
 14 
 
 8. Ex. 27- 
 
 -20 
 
\ , ,.T ?i'^ "■ ■."7'».-" ;-;-**■■», —^.-=^ 
 
 " rX^r)T^-.yT^~ "'f^'^i^T,'^ 
 
 402 
 
 A Monument Erected to the Dead. 
 
 [nmr, I860. 
 
 The spot was pointed out, but the snow covered all from view. A 
 monument was erected, and its bearings from Kee-u-na carefully 
 noted. 
 
 Going back to the thirtieth encampment, and renewing his inqui- 
 ries of Tuk-pee-too and his wife, E-vee-shuk, he was led by these two to 
 a place on the southeastern end of the island, some twenty fathoms 
 from the shore, where the wife had seen some of the skeleton bones of 
 the five men who had died there. Of the identity of the place and of 
 her having seen skeletons upon it she was very certain. Hall, there- 
 fore, erected a third monument and fired a salute in memory of the 
 dead there. 
 
 The remains which have now been spoken of as found by Hall, 
 or as honored by his "humble tributes" at the places of their burial, 
 were all which his opportunity possibly afforded him time to search 
 for and honor. He felt confident, during his stay with these natives, 
 that, from a number of conversations and close inquii'ies (using in 
 these McClintock's, the Admiralty's, and Dr. Rae's charts for the 
 identifications of the places named), he could now account for proba- 
 bly 79 of the 105 men of Crozier's party from the abandoned ships. 
 Their remains had whitened at or near King William's Land, and had, 
 in some cases at least, been grossly mutilated by dogs. The sub- 
 stanc3 of some conversations with the natives of this region which led 
 him to make this estimate of the number of the perished who can be 
 accounted for is as follows : 
 
 The journal of May 5 says : " This evening quite late (for it was 
 quite dark in our irjloo before the fire-lamps were coaxed ablaze), In- 
 nook-poo-shee-jook, Tec-ka-ta, Ow-wcrk, and some other Innuits of the 
 place are present. I will now try and see if I can approximate the 
 
 tji.^'— .1--,. ^j-j.,i:^ 
 
'y""T\''i2""'»"f 
 
 Mar, ise9.i The Number of Men Found in the Second Boat. 403 
 
 number of men in Sir John Franklin's Expedition that we now know 
 from Innuit and other sources to have died shortly after Crozier (Ag- 
 loo-Jca) was seen by the four Innuits before referred to. In-nook-poo- 
 shee-jook and the others agi'eed to make trial in giving the number, 
 though they say it is impossible to be precise ; they were * very many.' 
 ITe now gets his five men to hold out their fingers and thumbs to rep- 
 resent the number of men found in that boat." 
 
 These represent. 50 
 
 There were two skulls in the boat the white man (McClintock) had fount! 
 
 before In-noolc-poo-zhee-joolc found it 2 
 
 And five he found outside 5 
 
 Not far from that bl)at he found another with three skulls in it and four out- 
 side 7 
 
 On Todd's Island, buried 5 
 
 On south shore King William's Land 2 
 
 If the mimber within and without the big tent be called .'JO 
 
 And we take into the account the large man with long teeth found aboard 
 
 the ship •. 1 
 
 And the four men whose tracks were seen on the mainland near Wilmot and 
 
 Crampton Bay t 
 
 We have 10(J 
 
 Deduct two in the boat first found by McClintock 2 
 
 Deduct half the number probably overstated in the boat, west of Point 
 Itichardsou 25 
 
 Reasonably accounted for 7!) 
 
 The Innuits were quite sure that tlio boat found at tli(> west of 
 Point Richardson was the same one that Ag-fjloo-ka' s party had when 
 tlioy met the four Innuit families just above Point Herschel. 
 The notes of the day previous are: 
 
 Evening interview with Wc-lcepccrea, a Ni'it(!liillo Innuit, who, with his 
 family, removed to this village to-day. Attvr the ntnvly arrived i)arty had com- 
 pleted their igloos and got them to rights, I proceeded to make a call, taking Jack 
 
 M 
 til 
 
 k 
 
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 404 
 
 The Natives who Visited FranMin\s Ship 
 
 [innjr, 1809. 
 
 ■i^ 
 
 along with me. My particular object was to see a glass bottle or Jar, which 
 In-wmhpoo-zheejoolc had told me once belonged to A</-/oo-trt's(Ciozier's)com]»any, 
 and now possessed by one of the families that arrived to-day. Our lirst call was 
 on the old man and his family. They had i)art of a fde 1\ inch wide and 2^ or 3 
 inches long, round on one side and flat on the other; this was sharpened on one 
 end for use as a cold chisel or an adze. Eh-1cee-peerea had lived at Ook-joo-Uk 
 (O'Ueilly Island), and had heard the natives there tell about the ship that came 
 to their <!ountry. The ship had four boats hanging at the sides and another was 
 above the (piarter-deck. The ice about the ship one winter's make; all a smooth 
 floe. A i>Iank was found extended from the ship's side down to the ice. 
 
 Gathering into an i(jloo my interpreters Joe and Jack with Initook-poozhee- 
 jooJi, and putting before the last-named native jMc(JIintock's chart, he readily 
 pointed out the place where the Franklin ship sank. It was very near O'Keilly 
 Island, a little eastward of -the north end of said island, between it and Wilmot 
 and Cramptou Uay. A native of the island lirst saw the ship when sealing; it 
 was far otf* seaward, beset in the ice. lie concluded to make his way to it, though 
 at flrst he felt afraid; got aboard, but saw uo one, although from every ai)pear- 
 auce somebody had been living there. At last he ventured to steal a knife, and 
 made oil' as fast as he could to his home; but on showing the Innuits what he 
 had stolen the men of the place all started ott" to the ship. The party on getting 
 aboard tried to lind out if anyone was there, and not seeing or hearing any one, 
 began ransacking the ship. To get into the igloo (cabin), they knocked a hole 
 through because it was locked. They found there a dead man, whose body was 
 very large and heavy, his teeth very long. It took five men to lift this giant 
 kob-lu-na. He was left where they found him. One place in the ship, where a 
 great many things were found, was very dark; they had to find things there by 
 feeling around. Gu '^ wt^re there and a great many very good buckets and boxes. 
 On my asking if tne.> saw anything to eat on board, the rei)ly was there was 
 meat and toodnoo in cans, the meat fat and like i)emmican. The sails, rigging, 
 and boats — everything alxmt the ship — was in complete order. 
 
 From time to time the Neitchilles went to get out of her whatever they coxdd; 
 they iiuide their plunder into piles on board, intending to sledge it to their itfloos 
 some time after; but on going again they found her sunk, except the toj) of the 
 masts. They said they had made a hole in her bottom by getting out one of her 
 timbers or planks. The ship was afterward much broken up by the ice, and then 
 masts, timbers, boxes, casks, &c., drifted on shore. A little while after this fresh 
 tracks were seen of four men and a dog on the land where the ship was. In-nook- 
 
f:fKii,wtwmwMi' 
 
 May, 1809.1 The Tent and Boat Found by In-nooh-poo-zhee-jook. 405 
 
 i l\ 
 
 poo-zhee-jook, who had seen Koss and hi.s party on tlio Viclory an<l I?ao in 1854, 
 knew these tracks +o be koh-lu-nait'; the foot-inarks were ]<yu}x, narrow in tiu! mid- 
 dle, and the prints like as if of the boots found in the two boats found on King 
 William's Land. One man, from his runninj;' stci)s, was a veiy jiieati runner — very 
 long steps. The natives tracked the men a long distance, and found where they 
 had killed and eaten a young deer. 
 
 Another native .at this interview told nearly the same stoiy of the shij* and 
 of the man found on board, adding that he was found dead ou the Hoor, liis 
 clothes all on ; that the ship was covered all over with sails or lent stulV. The 
 cabin was «lown below and not on deck. The time was about tlu! middle of ]\Iay 
 or tirst of June. 
 
 In-nook-j)oo-zhee-jooli said that he had found a boat (a little way westward of 
 the one found by Hobson), the planks, ribs, and all complete, and copper fastened. 
 In the boat were a great many skeletons, the skulls with them. He gaxc me a 
 double-bladed knife, with a white bone handh', very rusty. It <;rtme from tills 
 boat. The boat had not been touched, and a great many pajjcrs and books and 
 written stuff were in it. [These are all trash to the Iniuiits; tlie winds and tlu^ 
 weather had made destructive work with them. Tlie Innuits would trample 
 them under feet as if grass.] 
 
 A tent was near this boat; it was on the top of some rising ground on a 
 small sandy liill. The place, as pidnted out on the chart, was near (he bottom of 
 Terror Bay, a little way northerly of the point adjacent to Fit/, dames Inlet. Tii<^ 
 tent was large, and made with a ridge-pole resting on a perpendi(!ular ixde al 
 either end; small ropes extended from top of the tent at each end to the ground, 
 where the rope-ends were fast to sticks driven into the ground. 
 
 Three men, one of whom was Tec-kce-ta, tirst saw the tent. It had in it 
 blankets and bedding, a great many skeleton bones and skidls, the flesh all oft'; 
 notliing except sinews attached to them; the appearance as though foxes and 
 wolves had gnawed the llesh; some bones had been sawed with a saw; some 
 skidls had holes in them. Besides the blankets, wen^ tin cu])s, spoons, forks, 
 knives, two double-barrel guns, pistols, lead balls, a great many ixnvder-llasks, 
 and both books and papers written upon. As these last were good lor nothing 
 for Innuits, the men threw them away, except one book, which Tee-kata brought 
 home and gave to the children; after a while it got torn to i)ieces. 
 
 Oil asking- Tee-kee-tu whether Afj-loo-ka (Crozier) had a telescope 
 about him when he visited one of the tents of the Innuits, he repHed : 
 
 
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 406 Ag-loo-hCs {Crazier) Visit to the Innuits — 1848. [iw»y, i869. 
 
 " The first time Ag-loo-ka came Jie did not come inside ; next morning 
 lie entered one of the tents of the four families who were there en- 
 camped by the west shore of King William's Land, a little way above 
 Cape Herschel (as pointed out on the chart). His telescope was 
 hung about his neck. Ag-loo-ka and his men had come along, the men 
 dragging a large sledge laden with a boat and a smaller sledge with 
 camp material and provision. Close by the Innuits they erected a 
 tent ; some of the men slept in the boat, which was left on the sea-ice 
 all the snow being off the land. On Ag-loo-ka' s first meeting with the 
 Innuits he had a gun in his hand ; on seeing him lay it down, the In- 
 nuits laid down their spears. Then Crozier walked up and said, " Tij- 
 mo?" ^^ Man-ik-too-meef" at the same time brushing his hand down 
 their breasts and shaking hands, Koh-lu-na-way. The time was late 
 in the spring — July, Joe and Hannah said it must have been, for the 
 sea-ice was nearly ready to break up; the sun was in sight all the time ; 
 ducks, now-yers, &c., all in abundance in the pools and lakes. Tee- 
 kee-ta saw Ag-loo-ka kill two geese, and his men were busy shooting. 
 Ag-loo-ka tried very hard to talk to the Innuits, but did not say much 
 to them. He had a little book as he sat in Ow-er^s tent and wrote notes. 
 The full meaning of what he said about the ice destroying the ship 
 and his men dying was afterward understood. He ate a piece of seal 
 raw, about as big as the fore and next fingers to the first joint. He 
 wore no sword. He then said he was going to Iwillik (Repulse Bay), 
 making motions with his hands in that direction. One of his men was 
 very fat, the others all poor ; one man with one of his upper teeth 
 gone, and one with marks on the saddle of his nose, and one man 
 squinted, or cross-eyed. The Innuits left them although supposing 
 that they were abandoning starved men. 
 
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 ■,;i^-u-.^'r:^--itn(:.i-v;'ir^-'^^:-^^fa.'-. 
 
may, 1869.1 
 
 Ilall Compelled to Return. 
 
 407 
 
 Hall reproved these men sharply for leaving Crozier. Does it 
 not, however, seem probable that these few natives feared that Crozier's 
 large party would starve them out. 
 
 The final Return Journey was now begun. The natives who hud 
 gone over with him to the islands were as anxious to get back imme- 
 diately to their people as had been Ou-e-la, and even his own two 
 friends, Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too, to be safe at Repulse Bay. 
 Hall, therefore, was forced to give up a journey which he had con- 
 templated at least as far as Terror Bay, on the west side of King 
 William's Land. It was the place where " the tent was once found, 
 the floor of which was completely covered with the remains of white 
 men." But it was now urged upon him that it would be time spent in 
 vain even to cross over to Point Richardson to seek the place of the 
 boat found by the Innuits soon after Ag-loo-ka^s party were seen just 
 above Cape Herschel, for the land there was so low and so deeply 
 covered with snow it would be impossible to tell sea from land ; 
 Nu-ker-zlioo (Jack) said that unless they started back to Repulse 
 Bay within four days, the snow and ice would be ofi" the sea of 
 Ak-koo-lee and they would have very great trouble. 
 
 On the 16th, Hall had returned to his twenty-seventh encampment 
 of the outward journey, where ho had left nearly all the party who had 
 come out with him from Repulse Bay. All the way back ho was regret- 
 ting that he could not search for a cairn of which his guide had been 
 talking at his side on the sledge. He was sorry on his arrival to find 
 that the natives with whom he had first met at this encampment were 
 absent sealing ; Too-koo-li-too, however, had rejoiced at tlieir going, us 
 they had become on Hall's departure bold and threatening. A family of 
 
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 408 
 
 Relics at £nf/lis Jiaif. 
 
 [liar, 1800. 
 
 OOKOO-Sl'K— I.VNUIT STONK POT. 
 
 four, wlii(rli was to include lu-nook-imn-zhee-jook, had settled a barj^ain 
 with Eck-choo-ar-choo (Jerry) lor a, return to Kepul.se Bay. Hall's 
 provision stores had been us(d, as old)' four seals were eau<:;ht ; hut 
 enouj^h remained for a liopei'ul supply until on the homeward jour- 
 ney the hmus would be resumed. The loads on the sleds would 
 
 bo increased by the 
 P family which would 
 gOj and additionally 
 by the relics Hall 
 would take, to which 
 he found would bo 
 added sueli articles as a stone lamp and stone pots and kettles, bar- 
 gained for by each of the women to take home. He wonders whether 
 some one would not have purchased a dead elephant to take along if 
 it had been the country of elepluints. 
 
 One of the native women of the ifjho village had given birth to a 
 large, healthy babe, which the mother, on finding that it was not a 
 male, had destroyed by throwing it away. 
 
 Still holding back his men. Hall now went off with the same two 
 companions that had gone over to Todd's Island, determined to learn 
 more of the dead men, and especially to find the natives who last saw 
 Crozier and his party. Arriving at the place on Inglis Bay where, 
 on his journey out, he had made a deposit, he again found relics in 
 abundance, among which were a piece of a mast 14^ feet in length, and 
 oak and pine blocks, besides a part of a boat; these he placed upon 
 the sledge. In long talks with the natives he learned interesting news 
 of their last meeting with A(/-Ioo-ka, the substance of which, further 
 noted in full in his little journals, will be found at the close of this 
 
■\ IT 
 
 nmr, I He9.) 
 
 Writinff on the Sled. 
 
 409 
 
 chapter, wlieie his own summing up of the results of this journey is 
 quoted. Tiie flying trips mtido for these hist-named talks cost him more 
 than fifty miles of travel. When the sun on the 18th was 14° HO' 
 high he wrote once more in his igloo: "I find on my return all the 
 rest still in bed ; we now have coffee, pemmican, and bread ; come, 
 balmy sleep ! " 
 
 On the 20th, the Return from this point to Repulse Bay began. The 
 party now consisted of fifteen persons and the team of eighteen dogs, 
 Ou-e-la!s having come back to them after a stray, on which it had eaten 
 the murdered babe ; for this act it was not permitted by the natives for 
 some days to do any work. In-nook-poo-zhee-jook^s tested ability as 
 
 A PAGE FROM ONE OF TIIK FIFTY-EIGHT NOTE-BOOKS OF THIS JOUKNEY; — WIUTTEN ON THE SLED. 
 
 
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 410 
 
 JIall Ayidn Sick. 
 
 (Jiiae, IH69. 
 
 j^uido dftoniiinod Ilall to koep no 8j)L*ciul account of courHos, but to 
 UHO carefully tlio opportunity of gottinjf from him and his driver, JV^m- 
 ker-zhno all further inforajation poH8il)lo as they rode alonj*-. The page 
 hero reproduced from the note-book of the day shows how Hall set 
 down, even when on the rough sleds, wluit he thus industriously 
 elicited from his Innuit acquaintances. The last two lines of the page 
 are an indication of frequent experiences. 
 
 The sled, though heavily laden, was so well iced by In-noo-pon- 
 zhee-jook that for some distance it ran easily over the soft snow. The 
 thermometer read 28°. By the 28th of the month, the nineteenth en- 
 campment of the outward journey was again visited, and its cache, 
 made April 17, was opened; Brevoort sled, loft at this point, was now 
 also taken up. The Polly Bay natives were found to be thriving on 
 their recent hunts A day's talk was again held with them on the sub- 
 ject always uppermost in Hall's mind. 
 
 Juno 3, Hall rested near Dr. Rao's McTavish Hill, the party hav- 
 ing had the comfort of feasting again on 
 fresh deer-meat in place of their long-used 
 pemmican, and the discomforts of sleep- 
 ing in a roofless hut, and of seeing when 
 they arose, the heavens thick and gloomy, 
 the snow falling, and a wolf prowling 
 near them. Hall was beginning to pass 
 through a severe sickness of some days, 
 which made him abandon a purpose to 
 direct his course to Point Sioveright, fur- 
 ther to the north, on the sea of Ak-koo-lee, 
 
 BELT AND TAULIOT-COVKHS KOU THE 
 NOTES. 
 
Tffr^ 
 
 June, IhttO. 
 
 Return to Cape Weynton. 
 
 411 
 
 I' 
 
 to inspect u nionuniciit of which Ou-e-la luvd more than onco spokon 
 us hsiviiif^ boon built by wliito nion sinco Dr. Rao's visit of 1854, Of 
 liis sudden and serious attack, ho afterward wrote : " It seems all as 
 a dream. I found myself on a deer-skin within the roofless circle 
 snow-wall of our Jiom-tnant/, surrounded by my attentive men, all wear- 
 m^ an anxious look, until a largo dose of the essence of peppermint 
 restored mo at a time when I had thought the very life was fast 
 ebbing." This, it may be added, was not his only experience on 
 this ex[)odition of a sudden and unaccountable illness : premonitions 
 of the sudden and final attack of 1871. 
 
 Just before reaching Cape Weynton, Pa-pa shot a "mother-deer," 
 which fled, leaving the fawn to have its life "footed out"; the Innuit 
 pressing down one foot heavily over the young heart. At the Cape, a 
 cache of presents was left for See-piwg-er, in return for his help in lay- 
 ing up blubber and meat during the winter of 1807-68; and then 
 Hall bade a final farewell to the point which now he had three times 
 visited. 
 
 From this date the chief remaining items of interest which are 
 noted in the jottings on this sledge travel through the warm month of 
 June are to be found in the repeated and successful hunts of the 
 musk-ox. From the 6th until the 13th of the month slow advances 
 were made, for it was but hunt after hunt. As many as fifty musk- 
 cattle were at one time seen in bands on the hill-sides. In one 
 battle twenty-one were slain, Hall killing three with two balls, which 
 were found lodged in the third, and Hannah herself killing four young 
 ones. Hall wrote : " My tvork has been severe and protracted, and I 
 need relaxation : therefore, I go in for the hunt." Nor could he have 
 restrained his Eskimo party, if he had desired it, for the cry of "Oo- 
 
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412 
 
 Provisions Abundant. 
 
 [June, 1800. 
 
 miv(j-mim(j^^ alwaj^s unfitted them for anything- else than the chase, 
 
 even wlion tliey knew it would not be necessary. 
 
 Game was thrown right in their path. 
 I'he country all the wayfrom King William's 
 Land was full of it; and as Hall wrote 
 these \.ords, and remembered that much 
 small game — as geese, partridges, and mar- 
 
 „„,,, mots — had also been seen before reaching 
 
 HOIiMS OF A MUSK-OX SHOT BY HALL, O 
 
 JUNE 8, 1869. Cape Weynton, he added : "0, that I could 
 
 have met Crozier and his party twenty-one years ago with the facili 
 ties I have had on this jou»-ne}'. I am sure I could have saved the 
 
 whole compan3^ 1 say it with 
 no egotistical feeling, but with a 
 confidence of what I know of 
 the country." The proof of 
 what he thus says of his own 
 '* facilities " — i. e., the friendli- 
 ness* and aid of the natives as 
 interpreters, guides, and hunt- 
 ers — was afterward found in the 
 summing up of the prizes se- 
 cured on this trip ; for when he 
 arrived at his old encampment 
 on Repulse Bay, the footings 
 
 LADLB MADE FKOM THE HORN OF A MUSK-OX BY 
 NEITC'IIU.l.E NATIVES. 
 
 (Presented to Ilall a.s to au aii-oe-ko by a'l Innuit 
 niotlior as i)ay for curing her sick eliiid.) 
 
 *But, ns Las been already noted, he liad, some time before this date, discovered i'roni the 
 confession of the Neitchille men tliat their friendliness to Crozier had soon exhausted itself. They 
 had let him and his party starve. Hall had sharply rebuked their selfishness, and his last hope of 
 Croziej living any length of time after his starting from the shii)s had died out. But it must be 
 remembtavd that the few Innnits who found Crozier may have been alarmed lest the number of 
 the white men would exhaust, their own scanty supplies. Self-preservation may have caused 
 their slipping off iii the night. 
 
June, I8«». 
 
 The Mmk-Ox Hunt. 
 
 413 
 
 HOUXS Ol' A DKKIi SHOT 1!Y HAM., 
 
 181i!P. 
 
 read: "Musk-cattle killed, 79; deer, 1 ." The skins of the musk- 
 cattle weijyhed 873 pounds. The weights in g-ross of the two sledges 
 from the date of May 28, including the weight of provisions, lieaAy 
 boxes of Franklin relics, the nuisk-ox meat 
 and skins, and the passengers who rode, 
 had sometimes exceeded 300 pounds for 
 each dog of the team. 
 
 The striking jjoints of the most suc- 
 cessful of the musk-ox hunts are illustra- 
 tive of Innuit customs and of the habits of 
 the ox when attacked. The fight was at 
 the i)lace marked on the map of this chapter as iMicampment No. 
 44, where two bands w^ere successively seen. When the first of these 
 was surrounded, as soon as they perceived that the dogs were slipped, 
 they formed into their usual one circle of defense, "a nnisk-bull 
 battery of nine solid battering heads and twice the number of sharp- 
 ened horns." The dogs were quickly at these heads, barking and 
 jumping back and forward, while the hunters made no haste to ad- 
 vance, for they knew that the bulls would stand their ground all day 
 if no other enemies came. 
 
 "After a few minutes' watch of the movements of dog versus bull 
 and bull versus dog," the old hunter, In-nook-poo-zhee-jool; went forward 
 to within twelve feet of a large bull, carrying a lance wiiich had a line 
 attached bv which he could draw it back; but at his second throw, 
 the wounded and infuriated bull made a fearful forward ))lunge, from 
 the effects of which the banter and his companions esca onlv 1)V a 
 very thnely jump to the left The bull was soon again brought to 
 bay. Oa-e-la then pulled trigger on another "noble bull of the circle 
 
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 ™^ :'T'' ■ ^v^^-"; 
 
 W^^fT^'TW- . 
 
 414 
 
 The Musk-Ox Hunt. 
 
 [June, 1S60. 
 
 !■ 
 
 of dofense, and Pa-pa shot the one which had been lanced, wlion at 
 the noise of these guns tlie whole circle bolted away except two, who 
 stood their ground side by side long after the whole fight was ended, 
 
 and even when the dogs were driven away from them and stones had 
 been thrown. Instead of moving, each of these two kept throwing 
 his massive head down between his fore feet, rubbing the tip of each 
 
 A 
 
ilnne, 1869.J 
 
 Letter to Mr. Grinnell. 
 
 415 
 
 horn against the fore leg as one would rub a razor on a strop. This 
 is the animal's habit unless he finds himself, when attacked, near some 
 large stone which he may use for the same purpose of sharpening his 
 horns. I'ho work of death upon the others of this band and upon the 
 second band, was completed by the rest of Hall's men with guns, 
 speais, and the bow. 
 
 On the 20th of June, 1869, this three months' journey was ended 
 by Hall's arrival at his old quarters. After a friendly talk with tlie 
 natives of the bay on whose shores he and his j)arty were again 
 safely quartered, he promptly wrote out for his friend Mr. Grinnell a 
 letter which might reach the United States before he himself could 
 retiu'n. It so fully states the facts of this weary but most important 
 of his journeys, that its proper place seems to be at this point of the 
 
 history. 
 
 Letter from Vapt. C. F. Hall to Mr. Uenry Grinnell. 
 
 Repulse Day, June 20, 18G9. 
 
 Dear Sir: This tlay I bavo returned from a sleds'o jonrney of ninety days 
 to and from King William's Land. It was my puriiose (and every preparation was 
 made) to make tliis journey last season ; but my attention then having been called 
 to Mellvillc Peninsula, in the vicinity of Fnry and Hecla Straits, where native 
 report had it that white men had been seen, I directed my expedition there by 
 way Am-itoke, the Oo-glit Isles, and Ig-loo-lik, with the ardent hope and expecta- 
 tion of rescuing alive some of Sir John Franklin's last companions. 
 
 The residt of my sledge journey to King William's Laud may be summed up 
 thus: None of Sir John Franklin's companions ever reached or died on IMontreal 
 Island. It was late in July, 1848, that Crozier and his party of about forty or 
 forty-five passed down the west coast of King William's Land in the vicinity of 
 (Jape Ilerschel. The party was dragging two sledges on the sea-ice, which was 
 nearly in its last stage of dissolntion: one a large sledge laden with an awniug- 
 covered boat, and the other a small one hide i with provisions and cami) mat<^ 
 rial. Just before Crozier and party arrived lit Cape Ilerschel, they were met 
 by four families of natives, and both parties w«int into camp near each other. 
 
416 
 
 Results of this Journey 
 
 [Jane, 1860. 
 
 Two Eskimo men, who were of the native party, giive me much sad but ileoply 
 interesting, inf'onnation. Some of it stirred my heart witli sadness, intermin- 
 gled with rage, for it was a confession that tliey, with their companions, did 
 secretly and hastily abandon Crozier and his party to sufler and die for need 
 of fresh ])n)visions, when in truth it was in the power of the natives to save 
 every man alive. 
 
 The next trace of Crozier and his party is to be found in the skeleton which 
 IMcClintock discovered a little below, to the southward and eastward of Cape 
 Herschel; this was never found by the natives. The next trace is a camping- 
 pi.ice on the sea-shore of King William's Land, about .,hree miles eastward of 
 ri'etl'or lliver, where two men died and received Christian (?) burial. At this 
 l)lace (ishboues were found by the natives, which showed them that Crozier and 
 his party had caught while there a species of fish excellent for food, with which 
 the sea there abounds. The next trace of this party occurs about five or six 
 miles eastward, on a long, low point of King William's Land, where one man 
 died and was buried. Then, about south-southeast two and a half miles further, 
 \\w next trace occurs on Todd's Islet, where the remains of five men lie. The 
 next certain trace of this party is on the west side of the islet, west of Point 
 Iiicliardson, on some low laud that is an island or part of the main land, as the 
 tide may be. Here the awning-covered boat and the remains of about thirty or 
 thirty-five '^'" <^>ozier's party were found by the native Poo-yct-ta, of whom Sir 
 John Ho- given a description in the account of his voyage in the Victory in 
 
 182y-'34. 
 
 In the spring of 1849, a large tent was found by the natives whom I 
 saw, the floor of which was completely covered with the ren)ains of white men. 
 Close by were two graves. This tent was a little way inland from the head of 
 Terror Bay. In the spring of 18G1, when the snow was nearly all gone, an Eskimo 
 party, conducted by a native well known throughout the northern regions, found 
 two boats, with many skeletons in and about them. One of tliese boats had been 
 previously found by McClintock ; the other was found lying from a quarter to a 
 half mile distant, and must have been completely entombed in snow at the time 
 MeClintock's parties were there, or they most assuredly would have seen it. In 
 and about this boat, beside the skeletons alluded to, were found many relics, most 
 of them similar in character to those jMcCliutock has enumerated as having been 
 found in the boat he discovered. 
 
 I tried hard to accomplish far more than I did, but not one of the comi)any 
 would on any account whatever consent to remain with me in that country and 
 
Jan«, 1800.1 
 
 The Unhmii'd Bead 
 
 417 
 
 make a .suiuiner search over that ishiiul, wlii<!h, Iroiii inforinatiou I had gaiiitMl 
 from th(i natives, I had reason to snppose would be rewarded by the discovei-y of 
 the wliolc of tlie nmnuscript records that had been accnniulated in that great 
 exi)edition, and had been deposited in a vanlt a little way inland or eastward of 
 Cape Victory. Knowing as I now do the character of the Eskimos in that part of 
 the country in which King William's Land is situated, I cannot wonder at nor 
 blame the Repulse Bay natives for their refusal to remain there, as I desired. It 
 is quite probable that, had we I'emained there as I wished, no one of us would 
 ever have got out of the country alive. How could we expect, if we got into 
 straitened circumstances, that we would receive better trealment from the 
 Eskimos of that country than the 105 souls who were under the command of the 
 heroic Crozier some time after landing on King William's Land? Could land 
 my party with reasonable salbty have renmined to make a summer search on King 
 William's Land, it is not only probable that we should have recovered the logs 
 and Journals of Sir John Franklin's Expedition, but have gathered up and en- 
 tombed the remains of nearly 100 of his companions; for they lie about the jdaces 
 when; the three boats have even found and at the hirge camping-place at the 
 head of Terror Bay and the three other places that 1 have already mentioned. 
 In the cove, west side of Point Eichardson, however, nature herself has opened 
 her bosom and given sepulture to the bones of the immortal^heroes who died 
 there. Wherever the Eskimos have found the graves of Franklin's comi>auions, 
 they have dug them open and robbed the dead, leaving them exposed to the rav- 
 ages of wild beasts. On Todd's Island, the remains of five men were not buried; 
 but, after the savages had robbed them of every article that could be turned to 
 account for their use, their dogs were allowed to finish the disgusting work. 
 The native who conducted my native party in its search over King William's 
 Land is the same individual who gave Dr. Rae the first informsition about white 
 men having died to the westward of where he (Dr. Rae) then was (Pelly Bay) in 
 the si)ring of 1854. His name is lunook-poo-zhe-jool; and he is a native of Xeit- 
 (;hille, a very great traveler and very intelligent. He is, in fact", a walking Iils- 
 tory of the fate of Sir John Franklin's Expedition. This native 1 met when 
 within one day's sledge jojirney of King William's Land — oft" Point Dryden ; and, 
 after stopping a few days among his j)eople, he aiicompanied me to the jilaces 
 I visited on and about King William's Land. 
 
 T could have readily gathered great (luantities — a very great variety — of 
 Relics of Sir John Franklin's Expedition, for they are now possessed by natives 
 Jill over the Arctic Regions that 1 visited or heard of—from Pond's Bay to Macken- 
 
 S. Ex. 27 li7 
 
 ■r 
 
 ti. 
 It 
 
 
 

 418 Franklin lielks Brought from Kiny WiUlam'^s Land, [j-ue, is«9. 
 
 zie liiver. As it was, I liad to be satisliod witli takiiiff upon our sledges about 
 12") pounds total weight of relics from natives about King William's Land. Some 
 of these I will enumerate: 
 
 1. A portion of one side (several planks and ribs fast together) of a boat, 
 clinker-built and copper-fastened. This part of a boat is of the one found near 
 the boat i'ound by McClintock's party. 2. A small oak sledge-runner, reduced 
 from the sledge on which the boat rested. 3. Part of the mast of the Northwest 
 Passage ship. 4. Chronometer-box, with its number, name of the maker, and the 
 Queen's broa<l arrow engraved upon it. o. Two long heavy sheets of copper, 
 three and four inches wide, with countersunk holes for screw-nails. On these 
 sheets, as well as on most everything else that came from the Northwest Pas- 
 sage ship, are numerous stamps of the Queen's broad arrow. (>. Mahogany writ- 
 ing-desk, elaborately finished and bound in brass. 7. Many pieces of silver-plate, 
 forks, and spoons, bearing crests and initials of the owners. 8. Parts of watches, 
 y. Knives and very many other things which you, Mr. Grinnell, and others in- 
 terested in the fate of the Franklin Expedition will take a sad interest in inspect- 
 ing on their arrival in the States. One entire skeleton I have brought to the 
 United States.* 
 
 The Home year that the Erehtm and Terror were abandoned one of them conmim- 
 inatcd the Great Xotihwest Paamf/c, harinf/ Jive men aboard. The evidence of the 
 exact number is circumstantial. Everything about this Northwest Passage ship 
 was in complete order. It was found by the Ook-joo-lik natives near O'Eeilly 
 Island, lat. 08° 30' N., long. 09° W., early in the spring of 1849, frozen in the midst 
 of a floe of only one winter's formation. 
 
 Unwilling to leave any means untried which might add to what 
 
 information he had gained on King William's Land, at Todd's Isles, 
 
 and on the return journey, Hall kept up numerous inquiries of In- 
 
 nooJc-poo-zJiee-jook, even after the date of this letter to Mr. Grinnell. 
 
 An example of his conversations now held, will show his manner pf 
 
 questioning, in order to elicit hopefully the truth from this native of 
 
 ■whose accuracy he sometimes speaks distrustfully. In Book B, for- 
 
 * After much licsitancy as though he might h.ave done wroug in this, some time after his 
 return, Hall placed the carefully-preserved remains in the charge of Mr. Brevoort, of Brooklyn, 
 who transferred them to Admiral Inglctield, R. N., to be forwarded to England. Subsequently 
 (by the plug of a tooth) the skeleton was identified as the remains of Lieutenant Veseoute, of 
 the Erebus. (See Geographical Magazine, London, for April, 1878.) 
 

 July, I8H». 
 
 Con vtisatiou with In-nook-poo-zhte-juok. 
 
 419 
 
 warded after his return (as has been noted on page 339), for Lady 
 
 Franklin's perusal, he had written: 
 
 Friday, July 2, 1809, 
 
 Interview trith Innookpoozheejool- ; Hannah mij interpreter. Time, about 
 noon. — My first words are that I sira about to leave tliis country for tlie United 
 States of America; I wish liim to tell me the particulars he can think of relative 
 to the white men who died, many years afto, at Ki-ki-tnk, and of the boats he 
 found on th.at island; of the shij* he has also told me about before, that came 
 down to Ook-joo-lik, &c. I also add that I wish him to be very i)articular to tell 
 me just what he remembers; to tell the truth and the truth oidy. 
 
 Question. Who were with you when you found tliose two boats'? 
 
 Answer. His brother's son Ooarzhoo, now dead; Ool-jnh; Eh-Jie-jyerea, and 
 his own son, Neer-lcood-loo. The party of men numbered five, and their families 
 were with them. They were making a tour on purpose to search after such 
 things as they could find that belonged to the white men that had died on King 
 William's Land. 
 
 Question. What particular time of the year was it i? 
 
 Answer. Thinks the time of the year about when we returned to this bay 
 encampment, — June 20. Water had begun to make on the ice, and water is a 
 little later making there than here. Snow and ice were inside the boats, and all 
 around.* 
 
 Question. Did the boats look as if anybody had visited them within two or 
 three years ? 
 
 Answer. Somebody had been to one of them, for everything was gone out 
 of it. 
 
 Question. AVhat did you find in the other boat — the one that the white men 
 (McClintock's party) from Ik-ke-hisuk (Bellot Strait) did not find ? 
 
 Answer. Six paddles ; many tal)le-knives, white handles ; one watch ; a spy- 
 glass that his son has, a little longer than Joe's — something like my compass, but 
 no glass about it; tobacco that had been wet and was in flakes or thin pieces; 
 very many tin dishes; one whole skeleton with clothes on, — the flesh all on, but 
 dried; many skeleton bones ; three skulls. Alongside of the boat a big pile of 
 
 *Iii II previous couvtMsation Ww niitive liiiil saiil that Ik; had found flio boats in IHOl. 
 "After seeing Dr. Rue on his outward journey (1854), lie came down to Iwillik and staid there 
 three winters; then lie spent at Telly Jiay two winters; then he spent ou Neitehille one winter; 
 and, the following spring, went to King William's Land." Which Hall reehoned up thus: Repulse 
 Bay, three winters, or 18,''>4-'r),5, IffSfj-'oH, and lAK)-';')" ; Pelly Hay, two winters, or ISoT-TjS and 
 1858-'59 ; NeitchiHe, one winter, IHoO-NiO ; King Willi.ini's Land, one winter, 1860-'6L Then in 
 the spring of 18 il found the boats. 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
420 
 
 The Second Tent and the Boat. 
 
 (Jnlr. I»6R. 
 
 I 
 
 skuh^ton bones that had been broken up for the marrow in them; they were near 
 a Hre-])hice; .skulls among these. The mvmber of tliem ama-itu-ad-loo (a {^reat 
 many) — cannot tell how many. It is certain that some of the men lived on human 
 flesh, for alongside of the boat were some large boots with cooked human flesh 
 in them. 
 
 [Hannah here told Hall that from all which had been said by Innoolcpoo- 
 dieejooJi and the other Innuits met with at the twenty-seventh encampment of 
 their late Jounu y, she was satisfied that after Crozier's party left the place where 
 the two boats were found and the large tent at or near the head of Terror Bay, 
 the starving seamen who remained at or about the boats no longer resti'ained 
 themselves from satisfying their hunger. The Innuits do not believe that human 
 flesh was used by Crozier or by any one about him.] 
 
 Hall adds in regard to the boat: The sledge-runner I have (deposited after 
 his return at the Smithsonian) is part of the sledge on which was this boat which 
 the white man did not find. 
 
 Question. Did you see any pajjers with nuirks on, the same as I am now 
 making ? 
 
 Answer. No; but saw a great uuuiy like the paper of the book by my 
 (Hall's) side (McClintock's Voyage of the Fox). 
 
 Question. What was the size of the tent? 
 
 Answer. Never saw the tent itself, but only the tenting-place; Judging from 
 tlie ap])earances, the tent must have been as long as to the further end of 
 Ar-mou\'< tent from where he was sitting. (Hall measured this distance to be 22 
 feet.) The tent was on some rising ground, trowpuk (sandy), overlooking the sea, 
 about as far ott' as an islet pointed out — half a mile. Three graves were near the 
 tenting-place. 
 
 On showing In-nool-poo-zhec-jook the large Admiralty chart, he pointed out 
 the place of the tent on Terror Bay, and said that when his party visited the 
 tentiugplace they followed the coast around to the northward and westward 
 until they arrived at the extreme west point, and then turned to the eastward, 
 where they found at last the boat which the white man from Ik-ke-hi-suk (Bellot 
 Strait) had foilnd before them. Further on, about half a mile (as he now shows 
 by the islet before referred to) they found the other boat. The distance from the 
 boats to the tenting-place could be made by a smart walk throughout a long day, 
 following the coast-line. When he first found the boats (in ISGl, as made out by 
 Hall), the ice between Cape Crozier and Admiralty Inlet was very rugged aud 
 heavy, but the next year it was all smooth. Ho thinks from the kind of ice seen 
 
July, I860.] , McClintocKs Revol-ver. 421 
 
 on tins second visit, that there is occmionaUji a season when a sliip can sail 
 tlirongh that strait (Victoria Strait). In-nook-pon-zhec-jook further said tliat before 
 lie visited Ki-ki-tnk (King Wilhani's Land) a Neitehilhs Innuit found a larye knife 
 under some stones; and he pointed out the place as Livingston Point, south side 
 of Latrobe Bay. 
 
 Question. Was not this knife placed there by some Innuit? No. Did the 
 wliite men from Ik-ke-hi-shuk jdace it there? No; but those white men did put 
 some things on the land in another phice far off from there: among them a smnll 
 gun (like Hall's — a revolver). These things the Innnits found and took. Kuoinj- 
 ou-clool; at Pelly Bay, has the revolver. 
 
 " Had I known this," adds ILill, "when I met Koongou-e-hmU at our thirty- 
 seventh encampment on Becher River, I would have got sight of this stolen 
 revolver which Lieutenant McClintock so unfortunately deposited in the land of 
 thieves. The Neitchille Innuits will steal whenever they can get a chance — even 
 one Innuit from another. When I escaped from this latter evil on my late sledge 
 j<mrney to King William's Land it was because ' Jerry ' io\(\.Julc-l{ccta (Jerry's 
 own cousin) to tell all the Innuits about us when at that twenty-seventh encamp- 
 ment, near Cape Uryden, that they must not steal from the white man (that 
 is from me) or fi'om any of his (my) men; because if they did they would get 
 terribly punished if they ever came to I wil lik, and saw any ship here. This 
 was a sharp, commendable trick, of ' Jerry's' own invention, and it had a most 
 desirable result." 
 
 Fuller details of like conversations held about this time, and of 
 some of those held on King William's Land and on Todd's Island, will 
 be found in paper C of Appendix IV. The inquiries and the test 
 questions appear to have been generally close. Instances in which 
 Hall expresses a doubt as to the consistency of the statements made 
 by the natives have been omitted from the extracts, and Arctic 
 travelers will best judge of the value of those which are given ; they 
 will remember that natives, when compensated for their talks, may 
 have Avillingly extended them. Hall certainly liberally paid his 
 friends for their services. He gave Nulershoo, in 1869, even his boat 
 Sylvia for accompanying him to Ki-ki-tuk, and found that he must 
 
 !ji 
 
 i< L 
 
422 
 
 The Voi/ofji' to the North Pole again Contemplated. isair, isen. 
 
 1 
 
 I * 
 
 now buy it back U' tbe whalers did not como to take him home. Ho 
 
 writes, however, fairly in all cases for or against himself — for or against 
 
 the character of his information from the natives. 
 
 With the unwilling consciousness that he could accomplish 
 
 nothing of further research in the Frozen Regions, he had now to 
 
 think of a Return to the United States ; purposing there to collate 
 
 and publish the results of his protracted Arctic experience ; then to 
 
 make his long-meditiited voyage to the Pole; and, if possible, afterward 
 
 revisit King William's Land. In regard this last, he writes : 
 
 Day after (lay I have been reading and re-reading the books I have with me 
 on Arctic voyages. How my soul longs for the time to come when I can be on my 
 North Pole Expedition ! I cannot, if I would, restrain my zeal for making Arctic 
 discoveries. My purpose is to make as quick a voyage as possible to the States, 
 and then, at once, make preparations for my Polar Expedition. I hope to start 
 next spring with a vessel for Jones' Sound, and thence toward the North Pole as 
 far as navigation will permit. The following spring, by sledge journey, I will 
 make for the goal of my ambition, the North Pole. I do hope to be able to 
 resume snow-hut and tent encampment very near the Pole by the latter part of 
 
 1870, and much nearer, indeed at the very Pole, in the spring following, to wit, in 
 
 1871. There is no use in man's saying, it cannot be done — that the North Pole 
 is beyond our reach. By judicious plans, and by having a carefully selected com- 
 pany, I trust with a Heaven -protecting care to reach it in less time, and with far 
 less mental anxieties, than I have experienced to get to King William's Laud. I 
 have always held to the opinion that whoever would lead the way there should 
 first have years of experience among the wild natives of the North : and this is 
 one of my reasons for submitting to searching so long for the lost ones of Frank- 
 lin's Expedition. 
 
 The expression of such purposes, including that of a subsequent 
 return to King William's Land, is certainly remarkable, as coming 
 from one whose sledge journeys only, during the five years which now 
 closed upon him, exceeded the aggregate of four thousand miles. A 
 willlingness "to resume snow hut and tent" would seem explicable 
 
jnir. IH60.) Tlw Coast-Line of licpuLse linif Complefed. 
 
 423 
 
 only by supposing tiiat next to tlie lofty ideas wil^i which Ills niiiul 
 enthusiastically invested every thing- Arctic, was the extreme of a 
 strange fascination with the uncouth life ho had been leading. He 
 saj'S himself, at about this same date, that there was nothing in the 
 way of food in which the natives delighted that he did not delight in, 
 and that this may appear strange to some, but was true. He had that 
 day "a grand good feast on the kind of meat he had been longing for — 
 the deer killed last fall ; rotten, strong, and stinking, and for these 
 qualities, excellent for Innuits and for the writer." 
 
 The six weeks which immediately followed his return to the bay 
 were occupied in completing a sketch of Talloon Bay ; in hunting 
 with the natives and in sharing for a time a double tiqnk with eleven 
 of them; in Arctic study and meditations on his next Polar journey ; 
 and in preparing for shipment the bone from the whale cached the 
 year previous. He spent several days in surveying, and completed 
 the coast-line by a survey of Talloon Bay, but under trying disad- 
 vantages. 
 
 No whaling-vessels could be reasonably expected to arrive before 
 the first week of August, nor was it at all certain that any would 
 come in during the season. He had, therefore, again to think of 
 the boat journey which might become necessary to York Factory, the 
 difficulty of making which journey in the frail Sylvia had been con- 
 sidered the year before. No lack of provisions would now be a bar 
 to this voyage, for he had well husbanded his old stores, and the addi- 
 tions made on his recent sledge journey were themselves in excess of 
 all present need. "Really we have been blessed, greatly blessed, in 
 the way of provisions. The amount prepared for and acquired on our 
 
 I I 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 ■50 ^^^ Hn^H 
 
 1^ 
 
 m 
 
 11.25 i 1.4 
 
 V] 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 '/ 
 
 /A 
 
 HiotDgraphic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 ^.■^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 <v 
 

 
 I. 
 
424 
 
 Provisions Abundant. 
 
 [intr, 1880. 
 
 late sledge journey was overwhelming ; now there is a considerable 
 sufficiency to take a party from this place to York Factory." These 
 stores were still, however, closely husbanded, and all reliance for 
 the supply of immediate wants was safely placed on new hunts for 
 the deer, the seal, and the walrus. Salmon fishing was also hope- 
 fully looked for. Nor were any of these expectations disappointed. 
 The natives from Iwillik, including also some from Pelly Bay and 
 Ig-loo-lik, repeatedly divided themselves into parties for hunting 
 and sealing, and brought in abundant returns. Even In-nooh-poo- 
 shee-jook surprised Hall by his quickness in learning the use of the 
 rifle ; and Nu-her-zhoo one morning slipped quietly from his bed and 
 killed two large ook-gooks. Hall bartered with him for the meat of 
 one of the four which he had killed during the season, in noting 
 which he says, "the skins, blubber, blood, and meat of these animals 
 (especially the first) are very valuable ; lashing-lines, draught-lines, 
 seal and walrus lines, and the soles for kiimmins (boots) being made 
 from them." The total weight of one animal was 1,500 pounds. A 
 large number of salmon also were at different times secured near 
 Beacon Hill, the fish measunng from ?7 to 32 inches in length, and 
 weighing each as much as 1 3 pounds In the beginning of the season 
 they were caught by hook and line from the margin of lake-ice near 
 the shore, where a space had been melted away by the radiation of 
 heat from the adjacent land 
 
 What gave him the utmost annoyance was the almost entire 
 demoralization which this very abundance brought upon the natives. 
 They stuffed and stuffed till all their provision was gone, and when 
 they could get no more they were ready to starve. Three-fourths of 
 their food was eaten for the mere gratification of eating; nothing but 
 
July, 1869.] 
 
 Arctic Temperatures. 
 
 425 
 
 feasting and feasting, when possible, was the rule. The worst of the 
 matter was not, however, their sleeping at midday, and devoting the 
 rest to mirth, games, and this feasting; but their making the hunts 
 the occasions for promiscuous concubinage, one example of which 
 will suffice. On the lyth of the month, "Jerry," going off on a hunt 
 in one direction, took with him Ar-mou's wife and three children, 
 while Ar-moii, in exchange, took "Jerry's" number one wife with 
 her infant as companions on his hunt on a different course ; both 
 parties, as was frequently the case, extending their absence, and 
 leaving Hall to support wives number two, as well as the families of 
 others who had gone off, providing them literally nothing to eat. It 
 must be added also, with regret, that like exchanges became habitual 
 while all parties were in their snow huts ; and that Hall found it 
 impossible to restrain entirely even his own Eskimo man. Hannah 
 said she " would rather die right away than stay at the bay," and Hall 
 then promised her that she and Joe should return to the United 
 States with him. 
 
 The Arctic Temperature during the month of July was high, and 
 rains and storms were frequent. The first day was gloomy, with thick 
 darK rain clouds and a light wind from the southeast ; the thermometer 
 reading at noon 48°. Through the night of the second and most of 
 the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth the rains were heavy ; the storms 
 Qoniing generally from the sonth, southeast, and northeast. The 
 tenth, eleventh, and twelfth were hot days, although the wind was from 
 the north-northwest; the lowest readings of the thermometer were at 
 night 40°, 43°, and 46°; and the highest at noon (at 3 p. m. on the 
 twelfth) were 60°, 65°, and 71°; — temperatures spoken of as very 
 
 ^ 
 
 : . 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 • 
 
 ' ' 
 
 k 
 
 
 1 
 
 •<' ., 
 
 
 :!:.■ 
 
 Il 1 1 
 
 I IM. 
 
[ 426* Mosquitoes as Torments. [*"1t. iseo. 
 
 I uncomfortable for Arctic denizens A storm on the l^th was acconi- 
 
 i panied by sharp hghtning. 
 
 I . . .* . 
 
 \ The plains were now purple with the wild saxifrage {Saxifraga 
 
 nppositifolia) ; its beautiful flowers followed by those of other floral 
 
 tribes, clothed the earth with carpets of gold, crimson, blue, white, 
 
 pink, and straw color. The Andromeda tetragona, so often named as 
 
 the shrub-fuel, itself bore pretty flowers. Hall's collection of wild 
 
 flowers embraced a dozen varieties. 
 
 I Mosquitoes first appeared on the 7th of July, and afteinvards on 
 
 his trips to Talloon they were exceedingly troublesome. 
 
 He records an experience of one walk : 
 
 The sun was about 5 degrees high. Not a breath of air stiiTing, the sun 
 shining hot, and the mosquitoes desperately intent on getting all the blood of the 
 only white man of the country. I kept up a constant battling with my seal-skin 
 mittens directly before my face, now and then letting them slap first on one and 
 then on the other of my bands, which operations crushed many a foe. It seemed 
 to me at times as if 1 never would get back. Minutes were like hours, and the 
 distance of about two miles seemed more like half a score. At length I got back 
 to my home, both temperature and temper high. I made quick woi-k in throwing 
 op«^n the canvas roof of our stores, and, getting to our medicine-chest, snatched 
 I a half-pint bottle of mosquito-proof oil, and with a little of this besmeared every 
 
 exposable part, of my person. How glorious and sudden was the change. A 
 thousand devils, each armed with lancet and blood-])ump, courageously battling 
 my very face, departed at once in supreme disgust at the confounded stink tiie 
 coal-oil had diffused about me. 
 
 The questions of the way of return to America remained an unceas- 
 ing anxiety. In case no vessel should come into the bay, it was quite 
 uncertain whether he could get any of the Innuits to accompany him 
 on a boat voyage down the Welcome from which to proceed to York 
 Factory on Hudson's Bay, or even to seek in the Welcome for a ship 
 which might be bound for the United States. " Other matters also, 
 
Jnlr. 1869.1 
 
 The Bone of the Third Whale Gummed. 
 
 427 
 
 in this connection, weighed heavily on his mind : — to attempt to reach 
 the Factory in such a frail boat as the S)lvia along a well-known 
 most treacherous coast and without even a chart of it: — Could he 
 even with a trust-worthy crew commit his notes and journals of 
 what he had acquired relative to the Franklin Expedition by five 
 years' adventurous life among a savage people to the fortune of so 
 despei'ate a boat voyage." As for the whalebone and musk-oattle 
 skins, his Arctic library and other things of personal value, he 
 thought it his duty to abandon them if compelled to make such a 
 voyage; the relics, manuscripts, and documents being the only things 
 of which he earnestly desired the absolute safety. 
 
 An almost equal anxiety was found in the attempted recovery of 
 the whalebone cached the previous year. Several searches were early 
 made with probings and much labor down into the ice and snow, but 
 these were premature. On the 15th of the month a successful opening 
 was secured. The huge snow-bank over the long-covered bone had 
 yet melted only enough to expose the tips which still stood upright ; 
 but when recovered from its icy bed the bone was sledded overland to 
 a point opposite the usual anchorage of the whalers ; and, after many 
 days' work, Hall found that he had gummed with assistance from the 
 natives 534 slabs, weighing nearly 800 pounds. On the sale of this and 
 of some of his musk-ox skins he depended for the payment of such 
 costs of the expedition as were not yet provided for, especially for the 
 payment of the sums due to the four white men of his party of 1868. 
 
 And now the final relief for all anxieties appeared even earlier than 
 he had looked for its coming. On sighting the Ansell Gibbs, of New 
 Bedford, August 5th, he entered in his journal, "It is now certain 
 I shall not be obliged to make the dangerous boat journey to York 
 
 
 1 '; 
 
428 
 
 Jlall, JIamiah, and Joe on Board Shij>. (Aubmhi, i»i«o. 
 
 Fjictory; God be jiraised, for lie doth continually bless me." A few 
 days after this, such stores and provisions as would not be needed 
 were liberally distributed among his Innuit friends, with whom he 
 spent a Avhole night in feasting and in a last talk about the lost ones 
 of Franklin's Expedition, In the morning, four boats, manned by the 
 natives, carried out to the Ansell Gibbs all the bone, and with it sixty- 
 eight musk-ox skins, and all the journals and note-books of this five- 
 year Arctic residence. At midnight. Hall, with Eskimo Joe, Hannah, 
 and her adopted child Pun-na, were safe on board Captain Fisher's 
 vessel, bound for a short cruise down the Welcome, and thence to the 
 United States. In noting his leave-taking of the Innuits, he records 
 some strong expressions of a regret at parting from those with whom 
 he had companied so long ; adding that they had learned to call him 
 ** father," and that for their sakes he would try to persuade the Hud- 
 son Bay Company to establish a factory on Repulse Bay, as an 
 enterprise hopeful of good to both parties. He was nov/ certainly 
 well prepared to judge of this, for his acquaintance had extended 
 itself to a number of tribes inhabiting the middle region of the Conti- 
 nent, and to this acquaintance was added his previous two years' expe- 
 rience with those on the east side — on Cumberland Gulf — as well as 
 his visit to Greenland. 
 
 The Ansell Gibbs left Repulse Bay on the 13th, but remained at 
 and near Whale Point, (the spot on which Hall had hoped first to land 
 in 1864,) until the 28th, Captain Fisher here employing his crew in 
 further boat expeditions in search of whales. Hall and Ebierbing fre- 
 quently engaged in hunting on shore, securing a large number of deer. 
 Including the net products of a Polar bear, also killed by the two 
 
 , ■_-,.■»:. .■.Jl.'.- 
 
 .^ .*•. 
 
\% 
 
 Augnal, INHff.I 
 
 Adreutinr irith a Polar. 
 
 429 
 
 i 
 
 hunters, the total weight of meat phaced on board the slnp for their 
 crew fell but little short of 3,0U0 pounds, the result of nine days' work. 
 The story of a hazardous adventure with the Polar on the 2Gth is thus 
 told : 
 
 Having made some astronomical observations, I commenced compntiny 
 them, and had not been long occnpigd before Joe cried ont "AV-woo/ Ninoo!" 
 wlien at once I dropped pen and Journal and Jumped out of tent, and took a look 
 in the direction Joe pointed, which was to Whale Point; and surely there was 
 the ^^Ninoo.'^ We watched it for a moment, and saw it walk ab(«ut, make a 
 plunge into the sea, and then return to the land, when it walked uj) on the hill- 
 side of Whale Point and then lay down. 
 
 We were not long getting ready for the prospective adventurous bear-hunt. 
 I say adventurous, for in truth we knew it to be so. We had no dog and no spears 
 with which to defend ourselves in case our firearms failed to kill outright on the 
 first shot ; and then, to make matters more uncertain, our percussion-caps coidd 
 not be depended on ; qjiite a juoportion of them fail to take fire. If we should 
 hajtpen simply to wound the bear, that would make it furious, and there was no 
 telling the end of its human slaying. It might, as we all thought, make its way 
 to the tent during the absence of myself ami Joe, and before we could conie to 
 the I'escue of Ilaiuuih and little Pun-na they might be killed by the wounded and 
 etn-aged monster beast. With all this no very flattering view of the case we con- 
 cluded, however, to go for the hunt. As .Joe and myself got about half-way to 
 Whale Point we began to think that the large dirty white mass we saw on 
 "NVhale Point and took to be the recumbent ninoo, was a lai'ge rock; but we kept 
 on our windings and let the ridges of rock-land hide us from view as much as 
 p«,ssible. At length we came within a hundred yards of the sleeping big lion of 
 the North, and then behind a gentle sloping hill we watched him. At the same 
 time we were busy putting otu' firearms in complete order for the forthcoming 
 fray. I had buck-shot in the left of my double-barrel ; so this charge I drew forth 
 and replaced it with an ounce ball, and then 1 was ready for a double shot if the 
 ease needed it. Our huge rock i>roved to be the bear after all, as we readily i)er- 
 ceived on arriving at the place where wc; stopped to get our arms ready. As 
 we watched ninoo, we noticed that every few minutes he would raise his long- 
 necked head, turn it this way and that, — look all arouiul, sniff the air, — and then 
 rejdace it flat down on the smooth rock-bed on which he was th«'n na])ping. 
 
 A fresh breeze was blowing from the southwest, and every now and then 
 my Jo(^ kept plucking out little tufts of deer-hair from his dress, lifting them uj), 
 
430 Hall JAwds at New Bedford, Ma6i.a<h'usetts. ii«»pir»ibrr, 18O0. 
 
 unci giving them to tlie wind, to be sure that we were keeping our i)er»on« aloof 
 from all i)o.s.sibility of the bear scenting us. All sand on and about our boots 
 was carefully brushed oft", so that our last stragetic advance toward the bear 
 might be made without making any noise, for all our precautions and movements 
 were needed to be from sharper forethought and ready wit than are required in 
 deer-hunting ; so we acted accordingly. At length, at the end of half an hour, 
 wo left our final ])reparation spot, and, under the. shelter of the rocks, stealthily, 
 slowly, and, I must confess, with hearts thftmpiug pit-a-pat, advanced directly to- 
 ward the still sleeping, but now and then awaking, beast of the icy wilderness. 
 Every few steps we would raise the heads of our low-bended bodies to catch a view 
 of the awaking of our foe until we Anally reached the spot we desired, which was 
 within easy gunshot. It was quite certain that we had the bear to kill outright, or 
 he would kill us if only wounded ; for on the discharge of our arms we should have 
 nothing whatever with which to defend ourselves. The time came when signals 
 passed between myself and Joe; he flred,and the next instant the charge from 
 my right barrel followed. Joe's ball penetrated the brain through the skull in 
 front, knocking the bear stift"; mine i)loughed its way through the jugular of the 
 neck. So ninoo was twice killed instantly. It proved to be a she-bear, very fat, 
 but without a particle of anything in her paunch. We skinned and quartered and 
 placed all underneath the skin, close by a rock, and ready for the Ansell Gibbs. 
 
 The whaler left the Welcome on the 28th, passed through Hud- 
 son's Bay and Straits without the occurrence of any incident of unusual 
 interest, and came into the harbor of New Bedford, Mass., Septem- 
 ber 26th. 
 
 When nearing the light-house off Nantucket, Mass., Hannah and 
 and her child doffed their native dresses for those of a civilized land. 
 At the Parker House, New Bedford, Hall made his last journal entry : 
 " September 26, 1869, 2 p. m. : — How thankful to High Heaven ought 
 my poor heart to be for the blessed privilege of again placing my foot 
 upon the land of my country." 
 
 He immediately telegraphed his arrival to Mr. Henry Grinnell, 
 expressing his hope of seeing him in a few days in New York. Within 
 the next month, he was at work in that city for tlie North Polar F]xpe- 
 dition of 1871. 
 
 
Conclusion. 
 
 431 
 
 CONCLUSION OF THE NARRATIVE. 
 
 It will not be expected that IlaU's biography will be found here. 
 His three Expeditions, together with the weary labors of the years of 
 preparation which preceded each, are his true memorials. The Nar- 
 ratives of his first voyage and of his third (the Polaris) sufficiently dis- 
 prove the idea which has been sometimes hastily expressed that he 
 was an ignorant and visionary dreamer; and the impress on the minds 
 of any who may inspect the precise and often graphic journals of the 
 years with which the present Narrative has had to deal, will be that 
 which the evidences of a frank truthfulness create : the manifestation 
 of an indomitable will, energy, and perseverance in the devout pursuit 
 of a single object. He believed it attainable, and believed himself 
 called to it as to his life-work. 
 
 The testimony of one who, next to the late Mr. Grinnell, could 
 most justly estimate his character, is emphatically clear on the points 
 that "Hall was a single-minded trusting man, who believed that others 
 were like himself. His enthusiasm concerning his favorite objects was 
 extreme and abiding, and gave tone and color to all his words and 
 acts. His very want of general knowledge and his defiencies in spe- 
 cial departments of science made him more fit for an explorer than a 
 scholar or scientist could have been. He looked upon explorations 
 and all which appertained to the increase of geographical knowledge 
 as far above all else; and this childlike or single purpose explains the 
 man's career. The more information he could gather, the happier he 
 
 m 
 
i 
 
 ' I 432 Pxhlir TrilmU's to IlaU. 
 
 \. 
 
 f'olt. Ft was, iiidood, tlio (HHa])])oiiitriiont |mKluced by the obstacles 
 thrown in his way on his third Expedition, which probably caused hia 
 death on the Polaris in Novend)er, 1871." With this estimate, delib- 
 erately formed by Mr. Brevoort, of Brooklyn, from personal and close 
 acquaintance, the judgments of a number of other friends have been 
 found to coincide. In preparing this Narrative they have been the 
 more willingly received in the lack of all personal acquaintance with 
 Hall. 
 
 Official and public acknowledgments of ITall's worth have freely 
 appeared — in the language of the National Academy of Sciences before 
 quoted, in the appointment conferred on him by the Executive of the 
 United States in 1871, in the award of the gold medal made by the 
 Paris Geographical Society in 187(),* and in the courteous tributes paid 
 at his grave by the late English Arctic Expedition under Captain 
 Nares. 
 
 The extreme discomforts, exposures, and labors incident to a 
 residence among the Eskimos were not unforeseen when he entered 
 on even his first Expedition ; and his experience then must have led 
 him to anticipate that greater tiials would be his lot on a second and 
 longer banishment from civilized life. But he avowed, as has been 
 seen, a v>'illingness to remain out for a term of even ten years, if this 
 should prove a necessity. He must have felt that he could trust his 
 two Eskimo friends throughout a protracted stay in a country in which 
 they' would find themselves among their own race, and yet it is surpris- 
 ing that, even with their unchanging help, he could control unharmed 
 so many of the Innuits, subordinate their chief, Ou-e-hi, to his purposes, 
 and, with such slender resources, seciire the success he attained. His 
 
 * For a/rt<'-8i»ii7c of this uiediil aud a translation of tlio report iiiiulo by Mr. V. A. Malte 
 Brnn to the Soci<5t<5 dc Gcographie of Paris, who conferred it, see Chapter XXV of the "Narra- 
 tive of the Nortli Polar Expedition of IH71." 
 
II 
 
 \1 
 
 Honi'sl licconls. 433 
 
 notes say : " Notliin<j but an ttxpeiieiice of years could enable me to 
 control such untamable eag-les." Unquestioiuibly, tlie known presence 
 of tlie wlialers in l?ej)ulse Bay had much to do with his maintenance 
 of authority, and next to this was his ability to supply the wants of 
 the natives when suflerinj^ ; and yet, perhaps, above both of these 
 nnist be placed his politic concession to their low prejudices and his 
 self-control. Very frequently in the journals appear pn)ofs of his hasty 
 judgments, and of suspicions of evil intended against himself by the 
 whaling captains as well ae by the Innuits ; but as frequently appear 
 also proofs of his repressing such feelings, and recording his regrets at 
 his having given place to them in his notei' or in his heart. The nu- 
 merous delays experienced by his restless spirit from the indolence and 
 especially from the superstitions of the natives — delays at critical 
 times too — were trying to his temper. They were placed to the 
 wrong account when they gave room for his imagination to credit 
 them to pui-poses of evil design. But his feelings were naturally 
 stirred with something besides pity when he found himself unable to 
 obtain pi'oper subsistence in the hut or move forward on a journey, 
 because the Innuits would neither eat nor suffer others to eat a certain 
 kind of food on a given day, or work until a certain time had pa.ssed : — 
 To estimate all of which aright. Hall must be thought of as a single 
 white man, alone among the degraded and habitiniting himself to 
 such degraded modes of life with them as can be excused only in the 
 light of his subordinating everything to his one purpose, and the 
 
 necessity of his so living in order to avoid the visits of scurvy.* 
 
 ^^^ t 
 
 * In confirmfttion of the opinions just oxprossod, ns (Icrivod from Hall's jonrniils, the follow- 
 ing extracts are given, by permission, from the jonrual of Mr. William Crane, jr., of liallimore, 
 Md., who in the summer of 18{)7 visited Hall from the Era, eomnianded byCapt. George E. Tyson. 
 
 " TnuiiSDAY, August 15, 18(i7. — At 12 ni., took in sail and ran in under jib and foresail into a | 
 
 S. Ex. 27 28 
 
 
 -!;' ■ 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 

 i' 
 
 434 Mr. Crane's Visit to Hall at Itepulsc Bay, 18(i7. 
 
 It will be a harsh criticism which pronounces his judgment defect- 
 ive, or its exercise hasty. Ho demonstrated the correctness of his 
 belief in the possibility of living for a long period out of the pale 
 of civilized life by his own passing through such a term without 
 extreme suffering or any long illness. He was not, then, far out of 
 the way in judging that some of Franklin's men also might have been 
 found so living, and even for a period of ten years. 
 
 His ability, industry, and perseverance, manifest in the endur- 
 ance of so long an absence from the endearments of country and home 
 and in his subjection to the revolting customs of the degraded around 
 him, are yet more manifest in the victories over what again and again 
 
 coRy harbor formed by three small islandH at the head of Repulse Bay, lat. 66^ 26' N., long. 8(i°2'i' 
 W, Mr. Hall's (the Arctic explorer) tent and quarters are on heiwUand to the westward of lis. 
 
 "Friday, /lujtwt 16, 18(57. — * *■ • • Coming aboard at 4 p. ni., fonud the ship crowded 
 with natives ; the tirst I have seen. Mr. Hall and party, sent out by Mr. H. Grinnell, of Now York, 
 came aboard and were hospitably received. Accepted an invitation to visit Hall ashore ; shall 
 l>robably do so to-morrow. Conversed for fully an hour with the expl(<rer. Found that he had 
 rea<l almost everything that hml ever bei-n written on the subject of Arctic exploration. Judging 
 from his conversation, I should not call him an educated, but certainly an intelligent man. 
 
 "Saturday, August 17, 1867. — Called upon Hall as I was returning from au expedition to 
 the mainland. His Uip>k, or seal-akin tent, was pitched not very far from our anchorage, on the 
 side of a rocky headland called by the natives Tita-tow-yak-loo-Uk (Bloodless Laud), and which 
 I subsequently discovered was the southernmost point of Mehille Peninsula. When I visited 
 Hall ashore, I found him "at home" amid the usual repugnant accessories of Arctic life, clothed 
 in Innuit costume, seated h la Tare on a deer-skin rug ; an Innuit squaw ou one side and her 
 husband on the other. An intelligent looking native dog crouched lazily at his feet. These 
 three companions, the Esquimaux man, woman, and dog, I was afterward informed, had been the 
 explorer's constant and faithful adherents in all his perilous wanderings. Hall's quarters in 
 no wise differed from the Innuit habitations generally. Their interior presented fully as repul- 
 sive a spectacle as I had ever witnessed in any African hut or Indian wigwam. I was told by 
 liini that this mode of life was entirely from choice, and that in accommodating himself to it ho 
 was only preparing for future struggles against the rigors and perils of this frightful climate. 
 Ho said that he felt capable of enduring severer hardships than ever he had yet undergone, and 
 waa satisfied that in accustoming himself to native habits and native diet he was adopting the 
 only sure method of escaping the great Arctic curse — scurvy. During our short sojourn in Re- 
 ]iulse Bay I had repeated long and interesting conversations with him. He had then just re- 
 turned from a long sledge journey to the westward, and was contemplating another, which 
 would bo still further westward, to King William's Laud in February. If this expedition realized 
 his expectations, he proposed to return as soon as practicable to the United States, when he 
 would endeavor to enlist the aid of the Government, and extend the scope of his explorations so 
 us to embrace the discovery of the Northwest Passage." 
 
i 
 
 Serious OhsUwles Overcome. 
 
 435 
 
 seemed to be insurmountable obstacles. Through the years of strug- 
 gle for an outfit, hope was more than once instantly crushed at the 
 moment when success seemed sure; at the time of his first landing 
 in the Arctic Regions the mistake of his captain cost him u whole 
 year's advance; on his first practical)le forward movement his fright- 
 ened party turned back his steps ; when provisions nnd stores were 
 again ready he could secure no team ; and after a severe journey in 
 mid-winter, on his return could obtain no men ; — and when at last, in 
 the fifth year he stood on King William's Land, it was to be hurried 
 away before the summer's sun could lift the snow-pall from the treas- 
 ures he was seeking. 
 
 Would it not have been the record of many others that, after 
 grappling with some only of such difficulties, they would have found 
 themselves at the close of any one year of disappointment safe on 
 board a hospitable whaler ? Would not many have justified them- 
 selves when returning to their country and reporting insuperable 
 obstacles ? Expeditions largely equipped, and led by men of Arctic 
 experience and of brave heart, have more than onco so returned to 
 be justified and honored by their countrymen. Hall had an uncon- 
 querable determination to accomplish something, and if this be called 
 a mere enthusiasm, it was an enthusiasm which led him to endure and 
 fight his way and patiently await new issues, and again endure and 
 fight and conquer. Without such an iron will he would never have 
 remained within these desolate regions through five Arctic winters 
 enduring the squalid wretchedness of the snow-huts ; nor have made 
 his sledge journeys to Pelly Bay, to Cape Weynton, to Ig-loo-lik, to 
 Fury and Hecla Straits, to Lyon's Inlet, and to King William's 
 
 i. \. 
 
 i ! 
 
 i J 
 
436 
 
 The Weak Part of HaWs Record. 
 
 Land, agfgrcgating more tlian 3,000 miles. His voyage out and return, 
 his surveying work around Repulse Bay, and the sledge journeys just 
 referred to, foot up in miles a considerable excess over the figures 
 10,000. 
 
 It has not been out of place to say that, besides the extreme of enthu- 
 siasm, a fascination for Arctic life seems to have laid hold upon him — 
 the fascination which in one or another form makes the traveler restless 
 while off from his journey, as it does the sailor when off iho sea. If 
 it seeni strange to the landsman that the shipwrecked mariner is ready 
 for a new cruise, and, in his own feelings, safer in a storm on the sea 
 than on the land, it is as strange to contemplate the eager return to 
 Arctic adventure and dangers by such sufferers as Franklin, Back, 
 Richardson, Hall, and their comrades. Faith in an overruling Provi- 
 dence and in the cardinal doctrines of the Christian religion was 
 evidently inwrought in them ; in Hall, probably from the date of 
 his earliest home training. Full expression of this is found in his 
 journals. 
 
 The weakest part of the record for the years of which this 
 Narrative speaks is, perhaps, his permitting himself to turn aside from 
 his long-proposed journey to King William's Land and lose a year by 
 his visit to the straits of Fmy and Hecla. His motive, however, for 
 this was sincerely in keeping with the purposes of the expedition. The 
 2WSsibilUi/ of yet finding a survivor of Franklin's party again loomed 
 up before his enthusiastic view, and he thought himself fully justified 
 in making search for traces of those of whom the Innuits so conti- 
 dently and unitedly spoke as existing in the Peninsula. If his judg- 
 ment was then at fault, his motives were as commendable as they had 
 
1 
 
 International Tributes 
 
 AS- 
 
 been when expressed in the draughting of the plant* for his first outfit, 
 or when he wrote in answer to Lady Franldin's proposal that he 
 should go out a third time for the i-ecord: "As for pay, I should 
 ask nothing." 
 
 (I 
 
 i'4v 
 
 Sir George Nares, commanding the late English Arctic Expe- 
 dition of 1875, has recorded in his official report to Parliament his 
 testimonials to Hall's fidelity as an Arctic explorer: — 
 
 " The coast-line was observed to be continuous for about thirty 
 miles, forming a bay, bounded toward the west by the U. S. range 
 of mountains, with Mounts Mary and Julia and Cape Joseph Henry, 
 agreeing so well with HaWs description, that it was impossible to mis- 
 take their identity. Their bearings also, although differing upwards 
 of 30° from those of the published chart, agreed precisely with his 
 published reports 
 
 On the 13th of May (1876), in the presence of twenty-four offi- 
 cers and men, Captain Stephenson, of the English Expedition, iioisted 
 the American Hag over the grave of Captain Hall, and at the foot 
 erected a brass tablet, prepared in England, bearing the following 
 inscription : 
 
 SACRKD TO THE MEMOUY OF 
 
 CAPTAIN C. F. HALL, 
 
 Of tho U. 8. 8. " Polaris 
 
 Who Sacrillcod his Life iu tho advaneeuient of Science, November 8th, 187L 
 
 This Tablot has boon erected by (he British Polur Kxpodition of 187.5, 
 
 Who, following in his footsteps, have profited by his Experience. 
 
 He also reported to Captain Nares that the grave was found in an 
 excellent state of preservation. The willow planted by Tyson was 
 
 M 
 
438 
 
 The Grave Visited by Captain Stephensort, B. N. 
 
 still alive. The inscnption put upon it in July, 1871, by Hall's com- 
 rades, still read: 
 
 TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 CHARLES FRANCIS HALL, 
 
 Late Commander U. S. Steamer PolariH, N. I'ole Expedition, 
 
 Died Nov. 8, 187L — Aged 50 years. 
 
 "I am the Resurrection ami tlie life: lie that be'ieveth on Me though ho were dead 
 
 yet shall he live." 
 
 
■ - 'WP^>J'^'ffl5fi«IE7fJ'-- 
 
 41 
 
 
 P 
 
 HAPTER 
 
 m- 
 
 ADDITIONAL NOTES— HALL'S TWO ESKIMO FRIENDS— 
 THEIR RELATIVES— THE GRAVES IN THE CEME- 
 TERY AT GROTON, CONNECTICUT. 
 
 i 
 
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 '' 
 
 !« 
 
I V ■■^•^T<»— 7— ^ 
 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Hall's Eskimo Fkiend8 : — Ebierbtng (Joe) and Too-koo-li-too ( Hannah) — Their Children- 
 Joe's Cousins — The Inscriptions in the Cemetery at Groton, Connecticht. 
 
 At the close of this Narrative, it may be conceded as something due 
 in simple justice to the two Eskimos who have been so frequently named 
 within the previous pages, that a few items of their personal history be 
 recorded. Through all the trials of Hall's three expeditions — a period 
 of more than ten years — they were not only his steadfast friends, but 
 indispensable supporters without whom he could never have carried 
 forward his investigations, or have kept, in some emergencies, even his 
 life among the Innuits, Joe Ebierbing was, as has frequently appeared 
 in the Narrative, Hall's dependence as hunter. On repeated occasions, 
 by his native skill in the use of the lance and line and by his readily 
 learned use of the rifle, he procured food in the darkest days of want, 
 not for Hall alone, but often for the less skillful and suffering Innuits 
 around him : — materially aiding Hall by this beyond the bare support 
 of the lives saved, and gaining for the expedition lasting good-will and 
 help. Hannah was perhaps the more intelligent and, as a woman, 
 naturally of quicker perception in the things of every-day life which 
 would serve the necessities of the white man among strangers. She 
 })roved an interpreter without whom every effort to understand the 
 natives of Cumberland Gulf, of Repulse Bay, of Ig-loo-lik, of Pelly 
 Bay, or of the country on the route to King William's Land, would 
 have been hopeless — every one of Hall's journeys and talks with the 
 Innuits nearly useless. 
 
 441 
 
 •I 
 
 i 
 
442 Joe and Hannah Drifting by their Home. 
 
 But beyond all this, the heroic conduct of these two on the last of 
 Hall's voyages claims a tribute. It must be very plain to every reader 
 of the Narrative of that Polaris voyage that these Eskimos saved the 
 lives of Tyson's party on the fearful ice-floe drift of more than 1,200 
 miles. 
 
 In the early days of that suffering, when the floe was drifting 
 past Cumberland Sound and was nearly opposite their native place, 
 the temptation presented itself to this couple to escape to the main- 
 land. "Father Hall" was gone from them, and, at that time, there 
 were just grounds of fear within their breasts that, in the almost 
 famishing condition of the white men, some of them might make the 
 Eskimos the first victims, if the direst necessity should come. 
 
 Hannah listened to no words of such persuasion, but strengthened 
 Toe's purpose to remain ; a hunter for the seal and the bear was thus 
 still to be at hand for the saving of men whose skill in such hunts was 
 plainly as unequal t<> their need as was their diminished strength. Of 
 liis true worth in this respect the most convincing proof came toward 
 the last days of those dark months The story of this is told on the 
 568th page of Admiral Davis's Narrative, where it will be found 
 recorded that on the 22d of April, 1873, when Tyson's party on 
 the floe, weakened by their six months' exposures, were on that 
 day half-drowned, cold, and almost literally without a morsel of 
 food, Joe, on going out for the fourth time to watch, saw a bear 
 coming toward the party, hurried back for his gun, and, requesting 
 all hands to lie perfectly still, returned with his companion Hans,* 
 
 * Hatuf own story of his experience witii Hall's party, and with the expeditions of Dr. 
 Kane, Dr. Hayes, and Captain Nares, has been lately published in a translation from the Greenland 
 tongue by Doctor Henjy Rink, author of "Tales and Traditions of the Eskimos," and of other 
 works. Ha'Mf story of his share in the expeditions will be read with interest; — and his odd ac- 
 count of his visit to Washington, when brought to the city with others of the rescued Floe party. 
 
.1^ 
 
 ..t^^>;.^-^i:.'j:j:^.'v''^^.'''-'^ ^^ •■ 
 
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 From a photograiili by G. W. Pach, New \'ork. 
 
 Ueluityjn Printinff Co., L^«tun. 
 
 
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 Joe and Hannah Taken to England. 443 
 
 and with his aid instantly killed the ierociouH animal. At this point 
 in his Nan-ative Admiral Davis says: "Hut for the rifles in this extreme 
 emergency, this story would not have been written." 
 
 Joe and Hannah were natives of Cumberland Inlet, where Capt. 
 S. O. IJudington, of Groton, first met them in the fall of 1851, on the 
 island of Kim-ick-su-ic, — an island that gets its name from its flat 
 center, which, covered with grass, gives it the look of a dog-skin. 
 Captain Budington wintered there (in about hit. 65° 30', long. 62°) 
 when in command of the McLellan, of New London. IIai\nah, who 
 was born at Cape Serrel, on the west side of Davis Strait, was at the 
 time of Captain Budington's visit only about twelve years of age, and 
 Joe, who was then married to another woman, seemed to Budington at 
 that time "as old as he does to-day." Cape Serrel was a whaling 
 station, much visited by English and American sailors, and frequented 
 by the Eskimos of Cumberland Gulf for trade. A few years after- 
 ward, Mr. Bolby, a merchant of Hull, became much interested in these 
 two persons, and took them with him in his own vessel on his return 
 voyage from the Gulf In England he treated them as his guests with 
 great liberality. They were married in his house in the presence of a 
 large company, and, with Mr. Bolby, visited, in their native costume, 
 many places in England and Scotland, and were presented to Queen 
 Victoria, and dined with her and the Prince Consort. Hannah always 
 spoke of the Queen as "very kind, very much lady." 
 
 Two years afterward they returned to Cumberland Inlet, and 
 there Hall first met them in 1860. Joe had just piloted two English 
 vessels into Cornelius Grinnell Bay through a narrow channel more 
 than one hundred miles in length. Both Joe and Hannah next accom- 
 panied Hall through all those investigations which led to the discovery 
 
 ■V|:!r^ 
 
 I ;;i- 
 
 '■'-*-^- -*•■■■-'-* ---^-iMti r^JMi^lhifrt frM 
 
I 
 
 444 Their First Visit to the United iStates. 
 
 of FrobisIier'H Bay and the FroVjislier relics; in 18G2 they came with 
 him to the United States. 
 
 Hannah's wilUngness to leave her country seems to have been 
 produced ^ty her desire to keep with her, her husband, who was at the 
 time being persuaded to leave her for another wife. His undo U-gack 
 was reported as having had twenty wives, three of them living with 
 him at one time. At the time of Kail's return to the United States, 
 Joe, who had been sick, was ordered by the an-ge-ico to take another 
 wife as the only way to get well; but to his own best future success, 
 as is well known, he came over with Hannah to the United States. 
 His father had died when quite young ; his half-brother Ita-loo, left 
 on the island, was met with in the year 1873 by Captain Greer, 
 U. S. N , of the relief ship Tigress, came with him to New York, spent 
 the winter in Groton, and died shortly after getting back to his 
 native land. 
 
 Joe and Hannah, after, as has been shown, assisting Hall in his 
 preparations for the Second Expedition, and closely attending him 
 through the years 1864-1869, again accompanied him on his last 
 voyage in the Polaris, 1871, and returned to the United States with 
 the Floe Party. They were as much attached to " Father Hall," as 
 he was to them. 
 
 In a home purchased for them by him, in Groton, Connecticut, 
 they again commenced housekeeping in 1873, readily adapting them- 
 selves to the customs of civilized life. Joe became a good carpenter 
 and farm-hand, retaining his old love for fishing. Hannah was soon 
 skillful in making up, with the help of her sewing-machine, furs and 
 other salable articles for the people of New London and Groton. 
 
 Their first child, Tu-ke-U-ke-ta, had died in New York in the winter 
 
«■«■« I ■ 
 
 Jlannali^s Death. 445 
 
 i)t' lH(iH; the second liad been burled on the first slodgo journey to 
 Kin<»' William'H Land in 18GG; a thh-d, which Joe adopted in 18G8, with 
 the consent of its parents and by the gift ot" a sled to them from Hall, 
 came with him to the United States in 18G9. Hannah named this 
 child Sylvia, after her friend Miss Grinnell. The girl was an intelli- 
 gent scholar at the Groton school until her death in 1875. 
 
 The health of this coujde had been re])eatedly broken during the 
 long period of suffering of the years 18G4 to 186!); and they do not 
 seem to have been readily acclimated in the United States. The terri- 
 ble experience of the ice-floe especially had left severe traces on them. 
 During the year 187G, Hannah suffered much with that fatal disease 
 consumption ; a disease which carries off the larger number of her 
 race. It had been long gaining upon her. She bitterly felt the loss 
 of her last child and the absence of her husband, who, after having 
 been again out in the Arctic l?egions with Capt. Allen Young, of the 
 Pandora, was then doing good sor-ice on board a vessel belonging to 
 the United States Fish Commission. Hannah had become a true 
 ('hristian; read her Bible, and showed a quiet, good life. After a 
 season of protracted suffering, throughout which she wjs tenderly 
 cared for by Mrs. Captain Budington and other friends in Groton, she 
 breathed her last, as the old 3'ear went out, December 31, 1876, at the 
 early age of 38. Her death was tranquil. Among her last words was 
 the petition, "Come, Lord Jesus, and take thy poor creature home!" 
 
 In June, 1878, Joe again sailed for the Arctic zone with the party 
 spoken of in the Preliminary Chapter as sent out by Morison & 
 Brown, of New York, and commanded by Lieutenant Schwatka, to 
 prosecute a renewed search for the records of Sir John Franklin's 
 Expedition. Mr. J. Carson Brevoort, of New York, Mr. J. J. Copp, 
 
 X 
 
 ^■;f^; 
 
 
446 
 
 The Eskimo Tombstones at Grolon. 
 
 Captain Budington, and others, had unhesitatingly renewed their 
 indorsement of the industry-, honesty, and truthfulness of this simple- 
 minded Eskimo man, who has received from the United States Gov- 
 ernment much less compensation for noble services than perhaps any 
 other one of the Polaris Expedition. 
 
 MEMORIALS. 
 
 In the quiet cemetery on the hillside of Groton may be found 
 a, few tombstones set up by its citizens in memory of nearly all 
 the Eskimos who have visited the United States. One of these 
 stones bears the name of him who, going out with Hall, died on board 
 the George Henry while eagerly inquiring as he again neared his 
 native land, ** Do you see ice, iceV' 
 
 Cl'D-LAR-GO. 
 Died July 1, IHW. 
 
 On another tombstone will be read : 
 
 OU-SE-GONG (JEANNIE.) 
 Died .July Ist, Xmi. Aged 28 years. 
 
 IRANNIIS. 
 
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 The Eskimo Tomhstones at Groton. 
 
 447 
 
 '1 
 
 V 
 
 
 Ou-se-gong was a cousin of Joe and wife of Kud-lup-pa-mune, 
 known by the whalers as "Abbott." 
 
 ABBOTT. 
 
 Captain Budington brought these two Eskimos from Cumberland 
 Inlet to New London in 1866; on their return with him the next 
 year, Jeannie died on the voj-age. 
 
 Two smaller headstones put up for Hannah's children have on 
 them the inscriptions : 
 
 And 
 
 TUKE-Ll-KE-TA: 
 Died Feb 28, 1863. Ajicrt 18 months. 
 
 SYLVIA GRINNELL EBIERBING. 
 
 (Puiiiiji.) 
 
 Born at iRlooIik .Inly, 186fi. 
 
 Died March 18, 1875. 
 
 "Of Kiifli is till- liinfidom of Era mi." 
 
 She w.as a Burvivor of the Poliiri.s Ex]ie(lUioii uiiiler Coiiiiimtnlcr Cliarles Francis Hall, 
 and WU8 picked uj) with 19 others from an ice Hoe April ',W, 187:5, after a drift on the ice for u 
 period of one hundred and ninety days and a distance of over twelve hundred miles. 
 
 On a visit to these graves, when making inquiries of Eskimo Joe 
 in regard to some facts for use in this Narrative, he was observed to 
 
 -.n 
 
 if- 
 
 1 
 
I I 
 
 448 
 
 Joe's Love for Hannah. 
 
 kneel at Haimali's grave and carefully weed out the long grass. Then 
 turning to his visitors, he said, "Hannah gone! Punna gone! Me go 
 now again to King William's Land ; if have to fight, me no care." 
 
 Over the grave of the faithful Hannah, the interpreter of each 
 expedition, and the friend who wept at Hall's burial, has recently been 
 placed an elegant granite headstone, with the monogram J, & H. and 
 an Inscription, designed for her by Mr. J. J. Copp and other true 
 friends. 
 
 XoTE.— The usual appellation, Eskimo, has been retained for Joe and Hannah throughout 
 this Narrative because they were found to be so named in Hall's journals and by those who knew 
 them while they were in the United States. It has been learned only while printing this last 
 page that Captain Hall said these two and their people so disliked the name Eskimo as to be 
 oll'cnded when they heard themselves so called, instead of Innuita. It is perhaps an interesting 
 question whether this preference for the name Innuit is to be attributed to any tribal antipathy 
 to the natives residing further east iu Greenland. It would seem to confii-m the judgment of 
 Mr. Dall, quoted on page 62 of the Narrative. 
 
 For further instructive comparisons of the races occupying the Northern Section of the 
 Continent see "Tales and Traditions of the Eskimos," by Dr. Henry Kink. Director for the Danish 
 Government in Greenland. London, 1875. 
 
I f 
 
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1 I 
 

 APPENDIX I. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE BY C. F. HALL ON HIS 
 SECOND ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 18(54-18(11). 
 
 449 
 
m\ 
 
 I ' 
 
 ,......j_ .... 
 

 
 A^PPKISTDTX I. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS, 1804-1800. 
 
 NOTES ON Till": OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Ilall took with him in 1804 two Kextunts, a box and a i)ockot chioiiomctor, 
 Hoveral compasses, and a dip-ciich! ; the last instmmcnt and one of the sextants 
 being loaned to him from the United States Coast SuiTey. 
 
 From the experience of his first expedition, and from some further practice 
 in the use of instruments after his return to New York, he hoped tliat he would 
 succeed in making some observations of scientific value, as well as extend tlie 
 knowledge of Arctic geography. 
 
 In considering the observations here given, duo allowance will be generously 
 accorded for errors for which ho was not fully responsible. His own frank state- 
 ments of the extremely defective condition of his instruments have been more 
 than once noted in the preceding pages. His sextants were soon out of order. 
 The silvering of their mirrors in the Arctic winter cracked off, and their screws 
 and joints loosened by the inequality of expansion. He did not consider the 
 work done, with even the Coast Survey pocket sextant, good work; and often 
 exi)ressed the regret that no labor or ingenuity of his could remedy the defects 
 caused by the influences of the Arctic exposures to whi^h all of his appliances 
 were subjected. The dip-circle was brokeu in 18G4. 
 
 The chronometers showed themselves, at first, to be good time-kee[>era, l)ut 
 the roughness unavoidable in handling and transi)orting them across the ice-floes 
 soon disturbed their rates ; and in the last year of the expedition they more than 
 once ceased to run. 
 
 The compasses were doubtless good ; his perplexity in regard to their work 
 arose, perhaps, chiefly from changes in the direction and force of the magnetic 
 influences in regions subject to sudden and powerful fluctuations. After makiug 
 due allowance for the error of taking some of his observations in the vicinity of 
 
 451 
 
452 
 
 IlalVs Astronomical Observations. 
 
 iron, it may be safely admitted that, for the most part, tlie discrepancies which 
 will be found noted in the following pages are to be credited to the irregularities 
 in terrestrial magnetism. 
 
 Notwithstanding many and frequently recurring ditticulties, Hall evidently 
 lost no opportunities of securing observations for determining position as accu- 
 rately as possible. The observations which follow have been computed from his 
 journal entries, principally for use in constructing the maps which, with his notes 
 and other data, supplement his surveying work. The computations have not been 
 nmde with the precision demanded for observations unaftected by such large con- 
 stant errors ; yet the reduced observations furnish data for determining the lati- 
 tudes of places in the Arctic Zone but little known, and, in some cases, entirely 
 unknown previously to Ilall's visits. 
 
 ASTRONOMICAL OHSERVATIONS MADE DURING THE YEARS 1864-'69. 
 [Reduci'd uuder the supvrintendeiire of Mr. B. W. D. Brynu, late of tlio Polnria Expedition] 
 
 Jl'I.Y L'O, 1804.— ENTItANTB TO lllIrSON's SXIiAITK. 
 
 Jl'l.Y 31, 18(U.— niDsoNB SIUAITS— Continued. 
 
 Ii. ni. 8. 
 
 3 51 
 
 4 05 :io 
 10 30 
 U 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 4 3 
 10 30 
 20 
 
 47 7 
 
 17 30 
 20 
 
 20 
 10 
 
 18 30 
 
 IID 30 
 118 15 
 
 ! 117 51) 
 117 20 
 
 17 
 
 18 30 
 
 20 20 
 
 24 45 
 
 25 35 
 
 26 30 
 
 31 30 
 
 32 40 
 
 33 40 
 
 42 21 
 15 
 
 41 4' 
 4.. 
 
 3a 
 10 
 
 6 22 10 ' 100 30 
 
 23 10 ! 20 
 
 27 40 I 00 50 
 
 28 50 I 40 
 
 29 40 30 
 
 Elevation 20 feet. 
 
 Lilt. «1° 5'.'J X. 
 
 to liglit to Cape Resolu- 
 tion. 
 
 VesHcl (III coni'se WXW. 
 true, 3 Iviiuts per lumr. 
 
 Clirou. hIow 4'' iil"'. 
 
 Lat. 81° 8' N. 
 UinK. 04° 7' W. 
 
 to rigid to C'ttjie Kegolution. 
 
 h. m. H. 
 4 23 30 
 
 28 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 ;i7 
 37 
 34 
 
 ! 8 
 
 43 3 
 
 47 35 
 
 48 50 
 
 49 5 
 59 5!) 
 
 45 
 
 1 50 
 5 27 
 ;i7 
 7 45 
 
 on 15 
 
 08 20 
 
 08 5 
 
 07 50 
 
 05 45 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 04 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 2 a. 
 
 Small xextant. 
 Lat. 01° 32'.9 X. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 At 9'| eliron. slow on ship'H 
 eliron. 5'' 2;)'». 
 
 i 
 
 Long. 00° 51'. 7 W. 
 
 August 3, 1804.— Hudson's Stbaits. 
 
 Jui.y 31, 1804.— Hudson's Stkaitb. 
 
 92 
 
 30 
 
 2 a. 
 
 A rtltioini horizon. Large sex- 
 tant. 
 
 C'liron. hIow on Htiiji's iliron. 
 ,51121m; Hlii|)'H eliron. fast on 
 G. M. '1'. 2«.0. 
 
 Ii. ni. 
 
 .s. 
 
 4 21 
 
 
 29 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 33 
 
 30 
 
 37 
 
 
 45 37 I Q. 
 
 ;i8 30 i 14 feet elevation. 
 
 37 
 
 35 30 I 
 
 35 1 Lat. 01" 31'. 3 N. 
 
 8 42 10 
 42 39 
 
 1 
 
 28 3 
 27 50 
 
 12 feet elevation. 
 
 Clirou. slow on (1. M. T. li" 31', 
 
 Long. fl7°0'.0 W. 
 
 Ai'ofsT 5, 1864.— Hudson's Stbaits. 
 
 b. m. 
 4 25 
 
 28 
 30 
 37 
 
 30 
 
 44 M 
 
 53 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 Lat. 61'^ 42'.6 N. 
 
^h'r 
 
 Hall's Astronomical Observations, 1864. 
 
 453 
 
 Astronomical observations made during the years 18()4-'69 — Continued. 
 
 August 5, 1864.— Hudso.n'b Straits— Continued. 
 
 ii. m. 8. 
 
 7 7 20 30 55 
 
 9 20 I 42 
 
 10 25 39 
 
 August 11. 1864.- Hudson's Straits— Continued. 
 
 8 16 12 ; 29 54 
 
 17 50 I 44 
 
 19 10 I 34 
 
 20 20 ; 28 
 
 21 20 1 20 
 
 14 feet elevation. 
 
 Cliron. slow (in G. M. T. f.™ l".fi. 
 
 I,onj!. 07° 13' W. 
 
 August 6. 1864.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 ll. 
 
 ni. 
 
 8. 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 31 
 
 
 42 16 
 21 
 
 44 30 
 30 
 
 a- 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 Lon\;. 67°59'.3 W. 
 
 Cliron. slow on G. M. T. O™ ». |j 
 
 I.nt. 01° 4.V N. ||^ 
 
 Sliip on eouise NW. by W. jl 
 
 3 knots per lionr. ]| 
 
 3-45 ehnnjiied course to NE. ; | 
 
 h. m. 
 
 s. 
 
 o 
 
 1 II 
 
 
 
 4 49 
 
 45 
 
 41 
 
 43 
 
 Q- 
 
 
 57 
 
 40 
 
 
 46 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 
 Small sex 
 
 5 4 
 
 10 
 
 
 47 
 
 tant. 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 Large .sextant. 
 
 
 4 54 
 
 20 
 
 41 
 
 49 
 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 .50 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 Lat. 03° 0'.9 N. 
 
 
 7 31 
 
 25 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 
 32 
 
 25 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 34 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 30 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 4J 
 
 35 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 30 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 August 14, 1864.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 August 8, 1864.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 h. ni. 8. 
 2 37 30 
 
 38 57 
 
 14 
 24 
 7 
 12 
 15 
 
 43 
 
 2 37 30 93 47 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 
 Chron. slow on G. M. T. 6™ 35". 
 Ship's course N. 10 W., true. 
 
 3 knots jier hour. 
 Lat. 62° 14'.3 N. 
 Lous'. 09° 46'.9 W. 
 
 to left to iceberg. Iceberg 
 toloft toXorth liluft(U°34'. 
 North Bluer by C. N. 40' K. 
 
 Var. 57°.9 W. 
 
 August 9, 1864.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 h. ni. a. 
 
 4 7 ,30 
 
 11 20 
 
 9 10 
 15 
 
 25 40 
 33 
 39 
 
 42 17 
 23 
 
 21 
 29 
 39 
 45 
 40 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 Chnpel, observer. 
 
 Hall, observer. 
 
 Lat. 62° 43'.8 N. 
 
 August 11, 1864.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 Ships steering NW. by N. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 5 35 
 
 30 
 
 38 
 
 45 
 
 43 Q. 
 
 43 I 17 feet elevation. 
 
 42 58 45 I Lat. 60° 58'.2 N. 
 
 August 15, 1804.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 5 34 
 
 37 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 ' " ! 
 
 42 
 
 7 i 
 
 
 7 30 I 
 
 SI- 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 
 Lat. 01° 32'.3 N. 
 
 August 10, 1864.— Hudson's Straits. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 5 33 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 43 
 
 46 
 
 48 30 
 
 a- 
 
 20 fiHit elevation. 
 
 40 59 
 41 
 
 3 I 
 
 6 I 
 
 6 30 ' 
 
 Lat. 62° 14'.1 N 
 
 August 17, 1864.— Hudson's I!ay. 
 
 h. ni. 8. 
 6 29 
 
 8 .53 25 
 55 30 
 
 40 
 
 30 55 
 30 43 
 
 12 feet elevation. 
 
 Chron. slow on G. M. T. 8'" 36". 
 Lat. 62° 3'. IN. 
 Long. 88° 19' W. 
 
 August 18, 1864.— Hudson's Bav. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 8. 
 
 4 18 
 
 30 
 
 29 
 
 20 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 37 32 
 
 38 18 
 30 
 35 
 
 20 feet elevation. 
 
 Chron. slow on G. M. T. 8"' 45". 
 
 Long. 89° 59' W. 
 
454 
 
 HalVs Astronomical Observations, 1864. 
 
 ;, 
 
 Agtronomical ohservationa made during the years 1864-'69 — Continued. 
 
 i 
 
 August 18, 1804.— Hudson's Bay— Continued. 
 
 m. 
 
 S. 
 
 47 
 
 
 54 
 
 30 
 
 56 
 
 40 
 
 58 
 
 25 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 40 30 
 S3 
 32 
 31 
 30 
 30 
 29 
 28 
 
 Q- 
 
 Lat. 620 8'.8IT. 
 
 August 21, 1864.— Depot Island. 
 
 m. e. 
 44 
 
 50 
 54 30 
 
 6 
 10 
 13 
 
 53 
 
 57 
 3 30 
 8 30 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 8 40 26 
 42 
 
 43 25 
 
 48 24 
 
 49 45 
 
 50 50 
 59 40 
 
 I 30 
 
 2 45 
 6 
 
 10 20 
 
 75 38 
 38 30 
 42 30 
 41 
 35 
 32 
 28 
 
 75 42 
 42 30 
 33 
 
 34 30 
 30 
 
 60 15 
 
 
 50 45 
 
 58 54 
 40 
 29 
 
 56 55 
 35 
 23 
 
 43 45 
 
 43 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Small sextant; on 31', off 32'. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Lnreo sextant; on 32', off 30' 
 30". 
 
 Lat. 630 46'.9N. 
 
 iQ. 
 
 Cliron. slow on G. M. T. O" 16». 
 
 Lonp. 89° 45' N. 
 
 N. 67° W. by C. 
 N. Oflo 30- W. b 
 Var. 41°.5 \V. 
 
 byC. 
 
 August 25, 1864.— Depot Island. 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 53 
 
 08 30 
 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 11 60 
 
 6 20 
 
 8 22 
 
 46 
 
 38 5 
 
 40 45 
 43 20 
 
 I 
 
 72 56 
 
 67 
 56 30 
 61 
 
 46 30 
 42 30 
 
 52 49 
 27 
 12 
 
 46 45 
 
 13 
 45 41 
 
 2C2. 
 
 Lot. 63°47'.5N. 
 
 Chron. slow on G. M. T. 
 
 "Helen F." 10" 
 
 Monticello 11 
 
 HaU's 20_ 
 
 Mean 10 
 
 Long. 89° 58'. 
 
 N. 82° W. by C. 
 
 N.810W. 
 
 Var. 33°.9 W. 
 
 38'.5 
 40.2 
 10.0 
 49.0 
 
 August 20, 1864.— Depot Island. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 H. 
 
 3 13 
 
 26 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 23 
 
 58 55 
 69 1 
 69 6 
 
 2Q. 
 
 August 26, 1864.— Depot Island— Continnod. 
 
 b. m. 8. 
 3 26 
 20 30 
 
 3 38 5 
 47 36 
 
 3 41 
 45 55 
 
 42 20 
 
 43 19 
 
 44 56 
 
 61 40 
 01 39 
 
 81 11 
 79 44 
 
 63 
 
 63 38 
 
 61 33 30 
 33 
 31 30 
 
 G and 1) . 
 
 2 0. 
 
 and p . 
 
 Long. 89° 10'.8 W. 
 
 Auoubt 27, 1864.— Depot Island. 
 
 h. in. 8. 
 8 39 
 
 28 
 
 7 feet elevation. 
 
 August 30, 1864.— Eowe'b "Welcome. 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 10 26 
 
 14 15 
 
 16 45 
 
 39 63 
 
 42 10 
 
 43 20 
 14 
 
 16 18 
 18 
 
 6 85 16 
 
 41 30 
 
 61 
 
 53 
 
 58 30 
 
 6 6 20 
 
 27 32 
 49 
 
 28 
 
 29 40 
 61 
 64 
 
 31 45 
 49 
 54 
 
 34 11 
 14 
 
 14 30 
 
 13 30 
 12 
 
 9 30 
 
 Q. 
 
 7 feet elevation. 
 
 Vcssers coui'80 K., 2^ knots 
 
 per hour. 
 Chron. slow on G. M. T. 45". 
 
 Long. 87° 57'.5 W. 
 
 Lat. 64° 18'. IN. 
 
 August 31, 1864.— Fikst Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 5 36 30 
 
 39 
 
 44 13 
 
 47 
 
 40 30 
 
 57 30 
 
 60 
 
 J 
 
 // 
 
 31 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 32 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 4 feet elevation. 
 
 LC. +4.5". 
 
 Chron. slow on G. M. T. 56'.5. 
 
 Lat. 04° 34'.9 N. 
 
 Skptemdeh 1, 1864.— FinsT Encampment. 
 
 in. 
 
 8. 
 
 47 
 
 16 
 
 50 
 
 
 51 
 
 28 
 
 53 
 
 5 
 
 58 34 
 61 
 
 59 4 
 16 
 
 LT;.' + 1' 30". 
 
 Chron. alow on G. M. T. 1" 3'.5. 
 
 I' 
 
 11 
 
|.1C 
 
 HalVs Astronomical Observations, 1864. 
 
 Astronoviical obsenationa made during the years 1864-'69 — Continued. 
 
 4r)5 
 
 Sei'tbmueii 1, 1884.— Fh(ST En'campment— Continued. 
 
 h. m. a. 
 
 5 42 30 
 40 45 
 51 33 
 54 20 
 
 6 4 
 
 8 40 
 
 6 40 
 
 7 37 
 
 8 35 
 
 9 36 
 12 48 
 15 18 
 17 53 
 
 66 18 
 10 30 
 18 30 
 18 30 
 14 
 
 46 30 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 45 30 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 44 22 
 
 43 56 
 26 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Lat. 64O30'.3N. 
 
 I. c'. + 1' 30". 
 
 Chr. slow on G. M. T. S^S-IO". 
 
 Long. 87° 32' W. 
 
 Seftehubr 3, 1864.— Second Encampment. 
 
 h. ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 R. 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 34 
 
 12 
 
 57 
 
 25 
 
 33 
 
 53 
 
 58 
 
 35 
 
 
 38 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 5 
 
 40 
 
 CK.bl 
 
 owonG.M.T.5i'8'»35'. 
 
 N. 61° W. by C. 
 Long. 87o]3'.5'W. 
 Var. 470.2 W. 
 
 Sbptembeu 4, 1864.— Second Encampmekt. 
 
 m. 
 
 B. 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 41 3 
 44 
 
 40 18 
 
 41 8 
 
 
 Chr. Blow on G. M. T. 5* 8" 43'. 
 Long. 87° 13'. 5 "W. 
 
 Septemheu 5, 1864.— Second Encampment. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 3 49 5 
 
 45 3 
 
 I. Ij'. + 1' 30". 
 Long. 87° 16'.2 W. 
 
 September 6, 1864.— Second Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 
 
 / // 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 45 
 
 62 
 
 30 
 
 
 36 
 
 47 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 41 
 
 20 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 8 30 
 
 
 56 
 
 45 
 
 61 
 
 68 
 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 62 
 
 17 
 
 
 60 
 
 47 
 
 
 03 
 
 2i2. 
 
 I. C. - 3' 30". 
 Lat. 64° 50' N. 
 
 September 8, 1864.— Second Encampment. 
 
 Ii. m. 
 
 a. 
 
 2 43 
 
 58 
 
 45 
 
 27 
 
 48 
 
 30 
 
 52 
 
 30 
 
 56 
 
 40 
 
 51 
 51 
 51 
 
 , 
 
 II 
 
 22 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. 0. + 1' 30'. 
 
 Chron. slowonG. M. T. 5'' 9" 15". 
 
 Long. 87° 17'.5 "W. 
 
 September 9, 1804.— Third Encampment. 
 
 h. m. B. 
 
 32 
 35 
 
 38 27 
 38 
 
 60 2 30 
 
 44 49 
 20 
 
 45 9 
 44 55 
 
 I. u'. + 1' 30". 
 Lat. 64° 46' N. 
 
 2Q. N. 88° "\V. by C. 
 
 m. 
 
 2 0. N. 87° "W. by C. 
 Long. 87° 14'. 5 W. 
 Var. 43°.2 W. 
 
 September 10, 1864.— Third Encampment. 
 
 h. m. B. 
 
 9 58 34 
 
 10 22 
 
 2 08 
 
 33 
 
 34 37 
 38 37 
 
 47 
 
 15 
 30 
 
 10 9 
 
 18 
 
 48 31 
 
 37 
 41 
 44 
 
 24 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 59 17 
 16 
 15 
 
 38 
 40 
 43 
 
 19 
 29 
 34 
 
 59 18 
 17 
 16 
 
 3 29 
 29 
 30 
 
 5 
 35 
 13 
 
 44 30 
 25 
 20 
 
 43 52 
 35 
 17 
 
 2 £3. 
 
 j_^^ 22".5. 
 
 Chr. slow on G. M. T. 5^ 9"° 29*. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 2 2. 
 
 i.% - 22".6. 
 Lat. 64° 46'.6 N. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I. C. - 22".5. 
 
 Chr. slow on G. M. T. t,^ 9°^ 31" 
 
 2G). K. 880.5 AV. by C. 
 2(2. N.88o-W.bv'C. 
 2Q. N. 870.5 "W. by C. 
 Long. 87°]3'.7 W. 
 Var. 420.9 W. 
 
 September 14, 1864.— Tiiird Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 37 
 
 39 
 
 42 15 
 
 44 25 
 
 45 43 
 
 o / 
 
 „ 
 
 58 14 
 
 45 
 
 14 
 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 I. C. - 53". 
 Lat. 64° 40'.4 N. 
 
1 
 
 456 
 
 IlalVs Astronomical Observations, 1864. 
 
 Antronomiml obsmaiions made during the years 1864-'69— Continued. 
 
 SEPTEMUKIt 17, 1864.— TllIUI) KncAMI'MEXT. 
 
 ll. 111. 
 
 n. 
 
 2 38 
 
 
 30 
 
 no 
 
 41 
 
 50 
 
 O * // 
 
 46 
 
 4.') 4o 
 
 45 30 
 
 Clir. slow on Cx. M. T. S' 10" 27' 
 Lon;;;. 87° 13'. 9 \Y. 
 
 SkI'TEMDEU 20, 1864.-F()U11TI1 EXCAMWIEXT. 
 
 ll. III. H. I O I 
 
 3 46 27 I 33 30 
 
 2f2. 
 
 Long, nssiimod 87'> Ifi'.ft W. 
 
 Cliroii. fast on L 51. T. 37'^' 52". 
 
 SEPTKMBEB 28, 1864._F0UliTII EXCAMPMEXT. 
 
 ll. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 2(i 
 
 43 
 
 
 28 
 
 11 
 
 
 20 
 
 53 
 
 o / // 
 
 43 37 30 
 43 
 
 1%.-.. 
 
 40 15 : Chron. fast on L. M. T. SB^O". 
 
 SePTKMUER 29, 18(i4.-roi:KTII EXCAMI'MEXT. 
 
 ll. ni. H. 
 
 22 10 
 
 25 50 
 
 28 4-J 
 
 31 15 
 34 
 37 
 
 39 37 
 
 o / // 
 
 44 35 15 
 
 35 30 
 
 35 ao 
 
 35 30 
 
 33 45 
 
 32 15 
 
 29 45 
 
 OcTonEii 3, 1804.— Fourth ExrAMPMEXT. 
 
 h. m. B. 
 
 2 50 M 
 
 3 1 38 
 3 23 
 55 
 
 10 24 
 
 12 5 
 
 13 48 
 17 10 
 
 30 
 
 29 45 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 28 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 27 30 
 
 : 2a 
 
 I S. 890 -w. hy (; 
 
 s. 00° ^y. \,y c. 
 
 N. 89° W. I'l.v C. 
 
 (^'liroii. fast on h. M. T 35™ 7" 
 
 Var. 40°. 1 W. 
 
 Octoher 8, 1864.— Fourth Excampmext. 
 
 ll. m. 8. 
 
 2 .10 23 
 
 31 50 
 
 32 35 
 
 33 12 
 33 54 
 
 o / 
 20 45 
 35 
 30 
 25 
 20 
 
 2Q. 
 I C liron. fast on I.. M. T. S' 4" 17'. 
 
 OcTonsn 0, 1804.— Fifth Excampmext. 
 
 2 38 57 
 48 12 
 M 10 
 
 35 50 45 
 
 34 40 15 
 
 18 
 
 2«. 
 
 I.T. - 15". 
 
 Lat. 04° 46'. 3 X. 
 
 2 Q. S. 81° AV. by C. 
 
 .S. 83° W. by C. 
 
 S. 84° W. by C. 
 Var. 40O.4 \V. 
 
 ll. m. 
 
 R. 
 
 28 
 
 10 
 
 32 
 
 50 
 
 36 51 30 I 2 Q. 
 
 48 45 Lat. 64° 46'.7 K. 
 
 October 10, 1864.— Fifth Excampmext. 
 
 h. ni. B. 
 
 2 28 55 
 
 30 55 
 
 33 
 
 October 1, 1804.— Fourth Excampment. 
 
 Ii. m. R. 
 
 10 37 32 
 
 40 
 
 42 37 
 
 44 48 
 40 38 
 
 48 5 
 
 o / 
 37 30 
 45 
 38 
 
 2 35 45 
 37 43 
 30 52 
 
 2Q. 
 
 o / // 
 23 43 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 2 a S. 78° \Y. by C. 
 
 S. 79° -W. by C. 
 
 Chron. fast on L. M. T. 32'" 48" 
 
 Var. 44°.9 AV. 
 
 Octobep. 17, 1864.— FiiTH Excampmext. 
 
 = 
 
 38 8 2 Q. 
 
 1§ Sextant out of order. 
 
 26 30 
 
 43 1 30 
 
 34 45 
 30 
 15 
 
 2 ID- 
 
 Lat. 04'^ 4fl'.0 N. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 
 19 15 
 
 24 
 
 28 45 
 
 I 
 
 o / // 
 
 30 iJ7 I 2Q. 
 
 50 30 i 
 54 i Lat. 64° 46' K. 
 
 3 12 48 17 12 30 i Chron. fast on L. M. T. 32" 28". 
 
 October 18, 1804.— Fifth Excampmext. 
 
 h. in. 8. ! o 
 11 48 11 , 58 
 
 3 51 21 87 52 30 
 50 1 I .r,r, 
 
 4 4 11 55 
 
 2J2. 
 
 Chron. fast on L. M. T. 32'" 11" • 
 thin long. 83° 5'.5 W. (not 
 reUablo). 
 
HalVs Astronomical Observations, 1865. 
 
 457 
 
 Aafronumical obscrvationn made during the years 18C4-'69 — Coutinuod, 
 
 W: 
 
 
 OcTOHKU 27, 1804 Fifth Encampment. 
 
 AruiL 25, 1865.— Ninth Encampment— Continued. 
 
 ll. III. 
 7 37 
 
 H. 
 
 / " 
 
 u 
 
 S. 15° E. liy C. i 
 (;iiron. sliowH L. M. T. Sun ' 
 nbout «' liipli, to allow Cor 
 I'li.'V.it ion ot place of obser- 
 vation. 
 Var. 430.2 W. 
 
 ll. 
 3 
 
 in. H. 
 
 8 10 
 
 12 25 
 16 
 
 r,7 2 
 
 50 19 
 53 42 
 
 2«. On 30', off 33'. S. 83°W. 
 iTvC. 
 
 s.84n\M)v(;. 
 
 S.K.-.°'\VMiv(\ 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 4"' 37". 
 
 Var. 2«o.4 \V. 
 
 November 3, 1804.— Finn E.ncami'mknt. 
 
 
 May 3, 1805.- 
 
 -TiiiUTEENTH Encampment. 
 
 ll. ni. 
 U 43 
 
 48 
 
 H. 
 
 / /' 
 
 19 31 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 h. 
 40 
 
 m. H. 
 16 ,50 
 20 40 
 29 40 
 32 15 
 
 * 
 
 75 4 
 28 
 
 76 20 
 33 
 
 30 
 
 cluon. slow on L. M. T. 2'° 5". 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Lat. 65° 23'.3 N. 
 
 2 P). N. 87° l.-i' W. bv C. 
 
 N. 80° \V. l.v V. 
 
 N. 84° 30' \Y. bv C. 
 Var. 40°.9 \V. 
 
 DBCEMnsR 25, 1864.— Sixth Encampment. 
 
 11 
 
 
 29 45 
 35 45 
 44 35 
 
 47 10 
 
 48 .50 
 54 20 
 57 20 
 
 3 40 
 6 45 
 9 35 
 12 10 
 14 30 
 16 
 
 80 1 
 10 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 22 
 20 
 19 
 15 
 14 
 11 
 08 
 
 30 
 
 ll. ni. 
 
 8. 
 
 2 
 
 Elevation 30 feet. 
 Lat. W 45'.8 N. 
 
 Ariiir, 11, 1805.— Seventh Encampment. 
 
 li. m. 
 11 51 
 
 55 
 
 .59 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 H. 
 
 35 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 / " 
 
 67 1 30 
 
 
 66 52 30 
 
 45 
 
 43 
 
 2Q. On 30', off 25'. 
 Kelraction great. 
 
 Lat. 64° 43'.2 W. (?) 
 
 2Q. On39', off2.T. 
 
 Chron. slow on U M. T. 26™ 12'. 
 
 2 
 
 49 47 
 ,52 40 
 57 50 
 
 64 32 
 Oi 14 
 
 2 55 
 59 
 
 3 1 
 
 30 
 33 
 
 47 21 
 40 44 30 
 22 
 
 
 May 5, 1805.- 
 
 -Thibtkenth Encampment. 
 
 Apbii. 16, 1865.— EuiHTii Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 8 
 
 ni.' B. 
 40 
 
 / " 
 
 1 
 
 diameter above sea horizon. 
 N. 1° E. by 0. 
 
 ll. m. 
 
 11 25 
 30 
 30 
 41 
 45 
 
 8. 
 30 
 10 
 10 
 5 
 10 
 
 1 II 
 
 70 15 
 
 16 30 
 17 
 
 15 30 
 15 
 
 2ia. On 31' 30", off 33'. 
 Lat. 64° 55' N. 
 
 
 May 0, 1805.- 
 
 -Thikteenth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 8 
 
 ra. 8. 
 44 
 
 ( " 
 
 diameter above sea horizon. 
 
 N. 3° E. by (;. 
 
 2 33 
 35 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 53 54 
 
 2(3. On 32' off 30'. 
 
 34 (.'hi-oii. slow on L. M. T. 27"' 6*. 
 19 
 
 
 May 7, 1805.- 
 
 -Thibteenth Encampment. 
 
 April 25, 1865.— Ninth Encampment. 
 
 ll. 
 11 
 
 
 
 m. 8. 
 48 34 
 ,52 55 
 
 58 30 
 
 59 40 
 2 30 
 5 05 
 
 / 
 
 82 38 
 39 
 40 
 40 
 38 
 35 
 
 30 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 2Q. 
 
 2 Q. N. 76.5° W. bv C. 
 N. 75*0 AV. bv C. 
 N. 75° W. bv't;. 
 
 h. ni. 
 
 11 41 
 
 46 
 
 .57 
 
 6 
 
 8. 
 
 40 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 o / // 
 76 3 
 
 8 
 11 30 
 
 5 
 
 2 Q. On 30', oft' 33'. 
 Lat. 05° 1'.2 N. 
 
 212- 
 
 3 
 
 S 
 
 8 20 
 
 10 48 
 
 63 50 
 
 17 
 
 62 52 
 
 1 
 
 
 11 51 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 76 12 45 
 5 
 
458 HaWs Astronomical Observations, 1865. 
 
 Aitronomical observations made during the years 1864-69 — Continued. 
 
 May 8, 1805.— TiiiRTEESTii Encampment. 
 
 li. in. a. 
 D 1 
 
 O on the horizon. 
 
 May 12, 1805.— TlIIltTKKNTII Encami'.me.nt. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 55 
 
 •25 
 
 4!) 
 
 1« 
 
 5-1 
 
 25 
 
 55 
 
 30 
 
 08 48 -M 
 48 
 48 
 48 
 
 2 Q. S. 5J0 E. 1)V C. 
 
 2 Q. N. 78° aO' \V. by C. 
 
 2@. N. 770 15' W. byC. 
 
 2 0. N. 70° 1.5' W. by C. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 4'° S'.S. 
 
 Lat. 05° 2«!' N. 
 
 Var. 470.0 W. 
 
 May 20, 1805.— TuiitTEENTii Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 a. 
 
 2 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 ,58 
 
 37 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 70 48 
 
 21 
 
 60 53 
 
 53 
 
 53 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 06 35 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 68 
 
 2 a. On 32' 30", off 30'. 
 2Q. 
 
 Chi-on. alow on L. M. T. 5°'42".8. 
 
 Mat 21, 1865.— Thirteenth Encampment. 
 
 h. m. a. 
 
 11 37 SO I 
 
 41 30 I 
 
 45 30 I 
 48 
 51 
 
 ■1^3 30 
 
 55 30 { 
 CT I 
 
 58 40 
 
 30 
 
 2 10 
 
 89 
 
 15 
 17 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 30 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 2 Q. On 33', off 31'. 
 
 Lat. 65° 23'.5 N. 
 
 May 25, 1865.— TniRTEENTn Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 5 
 
 35 
 
 ns 
 
 30 
 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 5 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 15 
 
 
 51 
 
 22 
 
 
 .52 
 
 40 
 
 
 58 
 
 55 
 
 40 47 30 I 2 C-1- On 32'.5, off 30'. 
 47 I 2S-. 
 
 47 12 0. 
 
 38 
 
 37 45 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 I 2 Q. On 32', off 31'. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 0" 34». 
 
 May 26, 1865.— FouuTEENTii Encampment. 
 
 h. ni. 8. 
 4 57 
 
 48 £}. 30 
 
 I. (j'. - 30". 
 
 Chi-on. slow on L. M. T. 7°' 38*. 
 
 May 27, 1805.- Fourteenth Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 8. ° ' 
 
 4 23 48 \ 60 
 
 20 20 i 55 30 
 
 31 5 i 54 30 
 
 2G). On 32', off 311'. 
 jr59° W. by C. 
 N. 580.5 \V. by C. 
 N. .570.5 W. byC. 
 Var. 41°.l W. 
 
 May 28, 1865.— Fourteenth Enxampment. 
 
 h. ni. 8. 
 11 48 
 
 54 20 
 
 59 
 3 15 
 
 11 51 
 
 55 30 
 
 
 4 30 
 
 91 53 
 52 
 50 
 45 
 
 91 50 
 49 30 
 48 30 
 45 
 
 11 10 
 
 12 82 
 
 13 58 
 30 30 
 
 72 
 71 45 
 
 30 
 70 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 66 53 
 
 2 Q. On 31' 30", off 31'. 
 
 2 Q. On 33', off 30'. 
 Lat. 050 23' N. 
 
 2 p. On 31' 30", off 31'. 
 
 Tlio compass often vnrios \°, 
 20, and sometlnit's 60 or 8° 
 in a few minutes, although 
 located in one spot and un- 
 touched. 
 
 N. 550 W. by C. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M T. 7'" 53'. 
 
 Var. 580.3 W. 
 
 May 30, 1865.— Fourteenth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 B. 
 
 11 
 
 38 
 43 
 
 40 
 
 
 48 
 
 30 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 68 
 
 40 
 
 02 25 
 28 
 
 29 30 
 
 29 30 
 
 26 30 
 
 25 30 
 
 2 Q. On 34', off 30'. 
 
 Lat. 650 22'.7 N. 
 
 May 31, 1865.— Fifteenth Encampment. 
 
 b. m. 8. 
 4 1 
 
 2 10 
 
 3 25 
 
 4 CT 
 
 6 57 
 
 7 13 
 
 8 26 
 
 01 30 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 00 45 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 2 0. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 0'" 22'. 
 
 June 1, 1805.- Fiftkenth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 s. 1 
 
 11 
 
 42 
 
 25 
 
 
 47 
 
 IK) 
 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 40 
 
 
 55 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 tl 
 
 03 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 10 
 9 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 2 Q, On 34', off 30'. 
 
 Lat. 050 19'.3 N. 
 
 1 l^^,„.. 
 
HaWs Astronomical Observations, 1865 459 
 
 Ant roil oviical ub«eri'aHov8 made during the years 18C4-'()9— Continued. 
 
 ¥■ 
 
 June 1, 1805.— Fiftskntii Encampment— Continued. 
 
 m. 
 
 a. 
 
 15 
 
 42 
 
 17 
 
 
 18 
 
 2;) 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 27 
 
 37 
 
 28 
 
 50 
 
 34 
 
 
 ;i5 
 
 20 
 
 ■66 
 
 47 
 
 70 -M 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 08 80 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 07 
 
 00 45 
 
 30 
 
 2 i2- On 31' 30" oflf 30' :'0". 
 Cbrou. slow on L. M. T. lO" 1'. 
 
 June 5, 1805.— Sixteenth Encaju'ment. 
 
 li. ni. 8. 
 
 11 37 35 
 
 41 30 
 
 47 50 
 
 41> 10 
 52 
 
 55 05 
 
 5 27 
 1 40 
 4 25 
 
 04 12 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 11 44 
 47 
 
 94 
 6 
 
 4 53 10 
 50 20 
 57 23 
 
 50 20 
 
 12 
 
 49 58 
 
 49 15 
 
 
 
 48 20 
 
 2 Q. On 33' 30", off 30'. 
 
 Lat. 65° 16'.2 N. 
 
 Junk 10, 1805.— Between Nineteenth and Twentieth 
 
 ENCAMI'MENTH. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 2 Q. On 33', off 30'. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 15" IT. 
 
 2Q. On 31' 30", off 31'. 
 
 June 0, 1805. — Seventeenth Encampment. 
 
 li. m. H. 
 
 9 14 17 
 
 15 .50 
 
 17 43 
 
 11 59 15 
 
 2 30 
 
 3 55 
 
 5 10 
 
 82 
 
 15 
 30 
 
 94 1 
 
 93 57 
 
 50 
 
 53 
 
 2Q. On 34', off 30'. 
 Long, aaaumcd 5^ 48"". 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 17° 
 
 2 Q. On 34', off 30'. 
 
 Lat. 65° 22'.8 N. 
 
 30". 
 
 June 7, 1805.— Between Seventeenth and Eighteenth 
 Encampments. 
 
 8. 
 
 h. m, 
 
 55 
 57 
 58 20 
 
 11 34 
 
 45 
 50 
 52 30 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 11 
 
 43 
 
 58 
 
 30 
 
 44 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 47 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 ii'( 
 
 ovation 5 feet. 
 I. C. - 7".5. 
 
 Elevation 5 feet. 
 I. C. - 7".5. 
 
 Made on land, '^'.lich was 
 reached at 10" 55". 
 
 h. ni. 8. 
 
 11 34 I 
 37 30 I 
 41 40 
 45 
 
 47 
 
 30 
 
 11 30 10 
 40 
 
 47 
 47 
 
 i: 
 
 ovation 5 feet. 
 I. C. - 3'. 
 Near a small island, from 1 .J to 
 
 2 miles from mainland. 
 
 a 
 
 ovation 5 feet. 
 Lat. 05° 50'. 5 N. 
 
 June 13, 1805.— Between Twentieth and Twenty-ithst 
 Encampments. 
 
 Ii. m. 
 11 32 
 
 35 
 30 30 
 39 
 41 
 43 50 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 n 
 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 Elevation 5 feet. 
 
 
 49 
 
 15 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 Lat. 66° U'.7 N. 
 
 June 14, 1803.- Twenty-first Encampment. 
 
 II. m. s. 
 11 24 
 
 28 20 
 
 29 
 
 30 23 
 
 31 30 
 33 30 
 35 10 
 
 37 12 
 
 38 30 
 
 41 15 
 
 42 30 
 
 44 30 
 
 45 45 
 
 40 50 
 
 48 8 
 
 49 23 
 
 50 20 
 53 10 
 55 50 
 
 93 38 30? 
 30 
 37 
 38 
 39 
 39 
 37 
 30 
 
 35 30 
 
 36 t 
 33 
 
 31 
 30 
 
 50 45 
 30 
 15 
 
 50 
 
 2 Q. On 33' 30", off 30'. 
 Small sextant. 
 
 Sextant out of order. 
 
 Lat. 66° 14'.7 N. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Largo sextant. 
 
 2g. On 34', off 30'. SmaUsext't. 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 29" 25". 
 
 June 21, 1805.— Hurd's Channel. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 9 
 
 58 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 45 
 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 30 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 11 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 25 
 
 
 43 
 
 50 
 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 51 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 II 
 
 89 
 
 46 
 
 
 90 
 
 2 
 12 
 58 
 
 
 91 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 30 
 
 03 
 
 57 
 50 
 52 
 45 
 43 
 
 
 2Q. On 34', off 30'. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Lat. 60° 10' N. 
 
I 
 
 r 
 
 460 
 
 Hairs Astronomical Observations, 1865. 
 
 ::• 
 
 Antronomical oUerrationa made, during the years 1864-'69— Contiiiufd. 
 
 June 25, 1865.— Twenty -FinsT Encampme.nt. 
 
 II. III. H. 
 
 2 4li 'JU 
 
 47 
 40 
 50 
 .17 
 t,H 
 1 
 
 /' I 
 
 70 
 
 m 
 
 «7 
 
 ■JQ. 
 
 On ;!2'. i)»l' .10' liO". 
 X.OUoW. liyC. 
 
 s. m° w. i)v c. 
 
 N. (ifio W. l)y C. 
 
 N. 05° AV. I)v C. 
 Chr. slow ou L. M. T. 54-» 
 
 July 13, 1805.— Twenty-becond Ekcampmest— Cont'd. 
 
 sc.s. 
 
 Vav. 440.5 "W. 
 
 Jl-NK 20, 1885.— TWKNTY-FIHST EXCASIl'MEXT. 
 
 II. 111. 8. 
 
 11 1 25 
 
 4 40 
 
 6 UO 
 
 8 
 
 ao 
 n 
 
 12 30 
 1;) 30 
 15 
 18 
 
 41 20 
 
 42 57 
 44 7 
 ,50 32 
 
 52 15 
 
 53 20 
 
 93 28 
 28 
 28 
 30 
 27 
 25 
 20 
 20 
 25 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 2Q. On 34', off 20'. 
 Olmc 
 
 70 
 
 :i 
 
 
 60 47 
 
 68 35 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 iTation indifferent; sex- 
 tant out of Older. 
 
 Lttt.«0°l.">'.5N. 
 
 2 Q. On 34' 30", off 29'. 
 Chion. slow on L. M. T. 57"' 28'. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 n. 
 
 o 
 
 // 1 
 
 11 
 
 .52 
 
 30 
 
 00 
 
 21 ,30 
 
 
 .50 
 
 10 
 
 
 23 45 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 45 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 2.1 
 
 12 
 
 70 
 
 30 
 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 2Q. On32'.30, off30'30". 
 
 2ra. On32'.30, off30'. 
 Curon. slow on L. M. T. 1" H'. 
 
 July 18. 1865.— Twesty-secoxi) Enca.»1'mext. 
 
 July 3, 1865.— Twentv-skco.nd ENCA,MrMENT. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 B. 
 
 10 
 
 34 
 
 30 
 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 
 38 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 42 
 
 25 
 
 
 43 
 
 55 
 
 
 44 
 
 47 
 
 10 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 
 .53 
 
 ,50 
 
 
 .56 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 40 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 25. On 32' 30", off 30' 30". 
 
 50 53 30 1 Nearest limbs and D . 
 52 I 
 
 51 15 ; 
 
 49 15 [ 
 49 . Long. 85° 29' W. 
 
 92 
 
 2 40 
 
 5 
 
 8 15 
 
 U 10 
 
 13 30 
 
 15 30 
 18 
 
 45 
 46 
 
 46 30 
 
 47 30 
 47 30 
 47 30 
 46 30 
 45 
 
 2 45 45 ' 60 30 
 48 30 i 60 30 
 51 22 09 30 
 
 2i2. On 34' 30", off 28'. 
 A (liffeicnt chronometer from 
 that previously used. 
 
 Lat,«6° 10' N. 
 
 On 34' 30", off 28'. 
 
 Chrou. slow on L. M. T. 54°' 51". 
 
 These time observations made 
 i of a mile S. 75° E. from 
 where noon obseiTations 
 were made. 
 
 July 13, 1865.— Twenty-second Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 ni. 
 
 s. 
 
 11 
 
 .57 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 .50 
 
 
 11 
 
 43 
 
 
 12 
 
 35 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 o / 
 
 „ 
 
 90 24 
 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 
 24 
 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 22 
 
 
 1Q. On 33', off 30'. 
 
 Lat.OCoHK.eN. 
 
 11 7 
 
 35 
 5 
 10 10 
 
 11 
 
 13 30 
 
 16 .50 
 
 10 25 
 
 22 15 
 24 
 
 11 30 
 35 20 
 
 70 10 
 3 
 60 40 45 
 
 87 
 
 1 45 
 
 6 30 
 
 10 30 
 
 215. 
 
 2ia. 
 
 50 
 
 40 
 
 30 45 
 
 37 15 
 
 30 15 
 
 N««are8t limbs and . 
 
 50 33 30 Nearest limbs © and I) . 
 31 15 
 
 40 
 
 2a 
 
 
 29 30 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 88 
 
 46 
 
 2 n meridian altitude. 
 Lat. 66° lO'.O N. 
 
 3 37 
 
 60 
 
 15 
 
 1 212. 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 38 
 
 65 
 
 45 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 43 
 
 23 
 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 July 23, 1865.— Twenty-second Encampment. 
 
 b. m. 
 
 8. 
 
 3 50 
 
 47 
 
 52 
 
 10 
 
 53 
 
 28 
 
 02 
 
 01 45 
 
 61 30 
 
 2(2. On 32' 30", off' 30' 30". 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. S" 10". 
 
IlalVs Astronomical Observations, 1865. 461 
 
 AatroHomkal obiienaiions made during the yearn 1864-'G9— Continued. 
 
 Jb-i.Y 28, 1805.— Twenty-second Excami-mbnt. j 
 
 Augusts, 1805.— Twuxtv-beconh ExcAMrJtENT. 
 
 h. ni. 8. 1 
 3 20 
 
 21 27 
 
 22 55 
 
 3 28 45 
 32 8 
 34 55 
 
 3 39 48 
 
 41 25 
 
 42 34 
 
 / " 
 
 05 15 
 
 04 45 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 2(2- On 32' 30", (1^30' ;;0". i 
 Cliruu. slow on L. M. T. 4" 21'. U 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 }feareBt limbs © anil D . 
 
 2 0. 
 
 Neorest limbs © anil » . 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 i 
 JTearcBl limb.s © and D . 
 
 Nearest limbs © ami D . 1 
 
 i 
 
 Kcarest limbs © and I) . 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 10 30 
 
 20 
 23 30 
 
 / " 
 
 08 15 
 
 08 15 ! 
 
 08 15 
 
 2 !75. Ind. eor. 1'. 
 
 2e- 
 
 CEron. slow on L. M. T. 5"> .50'. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 Xo ind. eor. fiiven. V. S. ('.. S. 
 sextant very nineh ont of 
 oHier; bad index eor. of 30" 
 on A\tji. 2. 
 
 Lat. Ofl^ 18'.3. N. 
 
 00 
 
 7 30 
 
 8 15 
 
 11 51 35 
 
 50 30 
 
 10 
 
 80 30 (?) 
 37 
 37 
 
 01 45 
 30 
 15 
 
 August 8, 1805.— TwEXTYTtinti) Kmami-mknt. 
 
 3 45 53 
 48 40 
 51 35 
 
 3 54 M 
 
 57 30 
 
 58 54 
 
 4 10 
 
 4 51 40 
 50 30 
 
 5 1 40 
 
 5 45 
 
 9 15 
 
 11 35 
 
 5 14 5 
 17 
 10 55 
 
 00 13 30 
 
 13 45 
 
 14 45 
 
 50 
 58 30 
 
 'I 
 
 h. m. 8. ! o ' " 
 11 42 30 ! 30 12 30 
 40 30 : 14 45 
 50 15 45 
 53 35 10 
 f>7 35 in 30 
 2 35 17 15 
 5 50 : 10 45 
 10 43 1 15 
 14 40 ' 14 
 17 30 ! 13 
 20 8 1 11 
 
 Sea horizon. Eye, 5.J feet. 
 Long. 51' 43" 20- W. by I). K. 
 
 Lat. 00° 31'.3 N. 
 
 CO 30 45 
 39 
 40 45 
 
 00 42 30 
 
 43 45 
 
 44 15 
 
 AlrOUST 1,5, 1805.- TWESTy-Tinill) ESCASirMENT. 
 
 h. m. 8. < /' 1 
 
 3 59 ]() 24 6 M. 
 
 4 1 20 , 23 .53 Sea lioiizon. 
 3 8 1 44 Dip — 2'. 
 
 t'hron. slow on I.. 51. T. 0". 7'. 
 
 00 45 
 40 15 
 40 45 
 
 — -' 
 
 August 2, 1805.— Twkntv-second Enxampment. 
 
 August 20, 1805.— Twr.NTVTiimr) Excajipjient. 
 
 li. m. 8. 
 
 3 8 
 1 9 30 
 11 
 ■ 12 30 
 14 
 
 1 II 
 
 04 45 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 03 45 
 
 2 0. On 32' 30", oH'30' 30". 
 Cbixm. slow on L. M. T. 5™ 28'. 
 
 2(2. On 32' 30", oil' 31' 30". 
 t;iiion. slow on L. M. T. 5™ 12«. 
 ISatl sextant. 
 
 h. m. a. I o ' " 
 3 ;.'8 45 1 24 10 
 
 39 55 1 5 
 
 40 45 ! 
 
 41 47 1 23 .55 
 
 42 40 I 50 
 44 25 ; 40 
 
 2- , . 
 Sea horizon. 
 
 lleipbt of eve, 9 feet, 
 
 Chion. slow on L. M. T. S" lO-. 
 
 Tt'i'iisM of eve. 5 feet. 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 7'- 27". 
 
 3 18 30 
 20 
 
 21 30 
 2.3 
 24 30 
 
 03 
 
 62 45 
 30 
 15 
 
 j " 
 
 45 20 
 
 3 52 30 
 
 53 30 
 
 54 25 
 
 ! 35 
 
 i 
 
 j 23 
 ! 22 55 
 50 
 
 August 3, 1805.— TwBSTY-SEroND Encami-ment. 
 
 August 24, 1805.— Twkxty-tiiiki) Excajiumkxt. 
 
 li. m. s. ' " 
 
 3 12 17 03 30 
 
 13 40 1 15 
 
 15 12 ! 
 
 10 35 02 15 
 
 21 5 1 
 
 22 33 1 01 45 
 20 55 1 
 
 2Q. On32'30", ofr30'30". 
 Cbion, slow on L. M. T. 5"' 42'. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 b. m. 8. 
 
 3 .53 10 
 
 54 15 
 
 55 10 
 
 4 4 15 
 
 5 55 
 7 
 
 ) 
 
 o / '/ 
 21 30 
 
 i 25 
 1 20 
 
 [ 
 
 Tforizon 3 miles oil'. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. S" 14". 
 
 Tforizon 3 miles oft'. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 8" 9«. 
 
 20 30 
 20 
 15 
 
 28 32 61 45 
 
462 IlalPs Astronomical Observations, 1866. 
 
 Astronomical ohgervationa made during the years ISOI-'CO — Continued. 
 
 t 
 
 AUOUBT 25, 1885.— TWENTY-THIBD ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 FBDRUAIIY 7, 1868.— TWENTY-EIOHTII Encampm't- Cont'd. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 
 H 52 33 55 
 
 54 53 55 30 
 
 57 7 
 
 30 
 
 54 30 
 
 Son horizon. 
 ll(>i(ilit<)tivo, lOfeot. 
 Lnt. «0° 28'.0 N. 
 
 August 27, 1805.— Twenty-fourth Encampment. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 10 20 
 12 45 
 
 3 13 15 
 
 22 20 
 
 
 
 / // 
 
 33 
 
 5 30 
 
 
 3 45 
 
 24 
 
 
 23 
 
 15 
 
 §; 
 
 ca liorizon. 
 Heiclitof eve, 5 fe«t. 
 Lat BIP 20* .'3 N. 
 
 Sen liorizoD. 
 
 Lnnd bciiiud it, and distant i 
 
 iiiilu. 
 Ilflglit of (lyo, 5 feot. 
 Cliron. Blow on L. M. T. 8" 24". 
 
 August 28, 1805. — Twenty-fourth Encampment. 
 
 Ii. in. B. 
 
 / // 
 
 11 20 
 
 32 51 
 
 24 40 
 
 50 15 
 
 b<!a horizon. 
 Elevation of eye, 5 feot. 
 Clirnu. liavioiiHtopiied is taken 
 
 n8 47"' 44' 8h)w on L. M. T. 
 Lat. 00° 28'.8 X. 
 
 Octoder 13, 1805.— Twenty-sixth Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 11 .')2 
 56 
 1 
 
 O ' 
 
 II 
 
 30 35 
 
 30 
 
 34 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 2 Q. On 33', off 31'. 
 Lat. 00= 31'.4 N. 
 
 OcTOHER 14, 1805.— Twenty-sixth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 B. 
 
 1 
 
 41 
 
 7 
 
 
 43 
 
 35 
 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 .50 
 .5'^ 
 
 17 
 
 
 55 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 II 
 
 24 
 
 15 
 (1 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 43 
 
 
 *!0 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 22 
 
 50 
 
 
 2 0. On ,32' l.V, off 31' 45". 
 Chron. fast on L. M. T. I" 53». 
 
 2 Q. On 32' 15". oif 31' 45". 
 Chron. last on L. AI. T. 2"" 14". 
 
 h. 
 
 ra. 
 
 B. 
 
 
 
 8 
 16 
 21 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 !)0 
 
 
 28 
 
 50 
 
 Feuruaby 7, 1800.— Twenty-eighth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 41 
 
 15 
 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 
 .50 
 
 30 
 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 13 30 
 10 
 
 2 Q. On 32' 30", off 31' 30." 
 S. 0U° W. by C. 
 S. 04" W. 1)V C. 
 G S. 050 w. I)V C. 
 0S.65°(() W.byC. 
 
 O ' 
 
 II 
 
 10 16 
 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 S. fi-0 W. by C. 
 WS. 710W.bVC. 
 r-)S.72o W. b'vC. 
 
 G) s. 73° Av. i)v c;. 
 
 f.) S. 731° W. by 0. 
 Var. 05^ W. 
 Tlier. — 3.'>o. 
 Lat. 66° 30'.5 N. 
 
 March 28, 1860.- TwENTy-NinTii Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 32 
 30 
 44 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 11 
 
 35 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 
 48 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 33 
 
 10 
 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 
 41 
 
 10 
 
 52 
 
 52 48 30 
 
 48 
 40 30 
 
 30 11 
 
 38 36 
 
 
 2 Q. On 32', off 32'. 
 Largo sextant. 
 
 Lat. 80° 30'.2 N. 
 
 2 Q. On 37', off 20'. 
 
 (.) S. 58J° \V. l>y C. 
 
 S. OOJo W. l>v C. 
 
 S. (!3o AV. by C. 
 Lat. 60" 30'.7 N. 
 
 2 Q. On 30', off 20'. 
 
 N. 70° W. by C. 
 
 N. fi»o AV. liy C. 
 
 N. 08° AV. by C. 
 Var. 02O.8 AV. 
 Cliron. slow 20"" 4.5'. 
 Epgert chronometer slow on 
 
 G. M. T. II' 10» 40*. 
 
 April 3, 1866.— Twenty-ninth Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 8. 
 
 o / 
 
 2 51 
 
 48 
 
 40 
 
 53 
 
 20 
 
 30 45 
 
 54 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 I. C'. - 1!)". 
 AViird's chron. slow 
 
 on L. M. T 20'" 
 
 Long, assumed 5' 47"" 44' 
 
 AV. slow on G. M. T. 10 44~ 
 Eggert's chron. fast 
 
 ouAV 5 2 35 
 
 E. slow on G. M. T. 1 14 
 
 Mareh28 1 10 40 
 
 May 24 1 42 ,32 
 
 Loss per day 33".44 
 
 Aprii. 4, 1800.— Thirtieth Encampment. 
 
 h. in. 8. 
 
 11 27 53 
 
 31 23 
 
 34 10 
 
 39 10 
 
 42 15 
 
 2 47 45 
 
 50 45 
 
 52 20 
 
 53 !>5 
 55 25 
 
 58 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 30 
 45 
 
 41 15 
 
 40 45 
 
 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 I. C. - 15". 
 Lat. 00° 32'.9 N. 
 
 I. C. - 1.5". 
 
 Chron. slow on G. M.T. 0l> 17" 5'. 
 
 Long. 88" 58' AV. 
 
 0'8 true az., N. 128° ,3'.5 AV. 
 
 0'» az. bv C, N. 51° 30' AV. 
 
 Var. 74" 33'.5. 
 
 Evidently local attraction. 
 
 I 
 
iP' 
 
 Ilairs Astronomical Observations, 1866. 
 
 Astronomical obsm-ationa made during the yearn lflG4-'G9— Contiuueil. 
 
 463 
 
 Aniii. 0, 1800.— TiiniTY-i'iimT Encami'Mknt. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 R. 
 
 a M 
 
 
 ri7 
 
 20 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 U) 
 
 '.'•2 :io 
 
 2£. On M', off 28'. 
 Lnt. 00° 40' N. 
 
 AlMlll, 12, IHflO.- 
 
 -rwKMYrmuu Kxc'AMrMK.vr— Cont'd. 
 
 AlMllI, 7, 1800.— TllIUrV-KIRST ENCAMI'MEXT. 
 
 b. m. 
 
 3 1 
 2 
 4 
 
 46 
 
 44 4,'> 
 M 
 
 l.X. - 30". 
 
 Clir. slow on G. M. T. O'' 52"' lO-, 
 
 LonL'. 87^ 4'.7 \V. 
 
 0's triu! uz. N. 12(13 13- \y, 
 
 0'8 az. l)V V. 71° W. 
 
 Var. 58° 13' SV. 
 
 Armi. 8, 1800.— TiiiuTY-sEcosn Encampment. 
 
 ll. 111. 
 
 8. 
 
 3 37 
 
 3r> 
 
 3!) 
 
 
 40 
 
 27 
 
 42 
 
 41 4.-. 
 30 
 
 2i^. 
 
 Loiitf. 87^ 30' W. 
 
 (..i'H tiiiii uz. N. lliP 10' 20" W. 
 
 t-Vn az. hv C. N. 50° 30' \V. 
 
 Var. 08 3 40'. 3 W. 
 
 APHII. 10, 1800.— TllIltTYKOUIirH ENrAMPMEXT. 
 
 h. 
 
 ni. 8. 
 
 n 
 
 53 
 
 
 .10 
 
 
 58 30 
 
 
 
 1 30 
 
 
 4 12 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 30 
 
 
 11 45 
 
 
 14 10 
 
 2 
 
 44 30 
 
 
 40 17 
 
 
 48 
 
 00 40 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 43 
 43 
 43 
 41 
 40 
 38 
 
 48 
 
 47 45 
 30 
 
 I. (3. - 4'. 
 
 Lnt. 00° 44'. « N. 
 
 S. 00° W. by C. 
 
 'I'Uo lust six obaurvations not 
 (jooil, the liiirizonglaas be- 
 coming looHc. 
 
 Lat. iilaio lit' obs., 60° 45' N. 
 
 Uiff. of lat. of Euc't, 1'.8. 
 
 Lat. Euc't, 00° 40'.8. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I. (5. - 22". 
 
 Clir. Blow on G. M. T. 5i> 52"" 33'. 
 Lour. 87° 10'.7 W 
 0'8 true az. N. V.m 24' W. 
 ©'» az. by C. N. 70° 30' \V. 
 Var. 50° 54' W. 
 
 h. m. H. 
 
 11 50 3U 
 
 50 30 
 3 
 
 6 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 3 12 10 
 13 45 
 15 15 
 
 5t 
 .53 
 51 
 50 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 i.t-4'. 
 
 Lat. 07° 4'.2 N. 
 
 l.X. - 1.5". 
 
 (;br. slow on G. M. T. 51- 55" 28». 
 
 LonL'. 87° 41'.5 \V. 
 
 by 0. N. 51° W. 
 
 Vur! 73° 34' \V. 
 
 APKIL 20, 1800.— TlIIItTY-FIFril ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 b. ni. s. 
 
 11 43 
 
 40 20 
 
 51 50 
 
 57 40 
 2 
 
 
 
 8 8 
 11 45 
 15 20 
 
 Apuil 10, 1806.— Thiuty-bkcond Encampment. 
 
 12 10 
 
 13 45 
 15 30 
 20 
 
 21 35 
 
 23 10 
 
 68 13 
 10 
 20 
 21 
 21 
 10 
 18 
 15 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 51 15 
 
 
 50 45 
 
 
 40 45 
 30 
 
 It -4'. 
 
 Lat. 67° 13'.9 N. 
 
 I.e. -15". 
 
 Clir. slow on G. M. T. 5'' 51'" 50«, 
 
 bv V. N. 40° W. 
 
 Lou").'. 87° 31' W. 
 
 Var. 70° 38' \V. 
 
 APBIL 22, 1800.— THIUTY-8IXTII ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 b. m. s. 
 
 11 4!) 40 
 53 30 
 56 
 .58 30 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 3 27 10 
 28 40 
 30 10 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 H 
 
 C3 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 
 12 
 
 ;io 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 ■M 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 30 
 15 
 
 
 2 0. 
 
 Lat. 60° 56'.5 N. 
 
 Cbi'on. HlowonG. M.T. 5i'54"'8'.[ 
 Lonj'. 87° 30'. 5 W. 
 
 m. 
 
 48 
 
 52 
 
 54 
 
 57 
 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 10 
 18 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 14 30 
 
 10 
 
 10 30 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 IB 
 
 15 
 
 14 30 
 
 12 
 
 45 
 
 30 
 
 l."> 
 
 
 
 2Q. 
 
 Lat. 07° 24'.5 N. 
 
 cfn. HlowonG. M.T. 51' 62" 
 Loll''. 87° 40'.7 W. 
 by C. N. 39° \V. 
 Var. 84° 20' W. 
 
 37». 
 
 L 
 
!i!,' 
 
 464 llaWs Astrommical Observations, 186G. 
 
 Aiitrmwmival olmirrntloiift made durimj the ijcarH 1H;M-'(>S)— CoiitiniiiMl. 
 
 AritlL 23, WOO.— TlllIlTV hKVUXTII KNtAJiniKXT. 
 
 2Q On DO', off 34'. 
 Very I'lduily, 
 
 Lilt. 07" 3(r.4 \. 
 
 )i. ni. 
 
 H. 
 
 n ra 
 
 
 S5 
 
 
 r.H 
 
 :io 
 
 ;i 
 
 40 
 
 f 
 
 :i» 
 
 12 
 
 
 / 
 
 II 
 
 70 M 
 
 
 no 
 
 ;io 
 
 51 
 
 
 47 
 
 :io 
 
 4H 
 
 ,'10 
 
 42 
 
 
 Aniii, 20, ISflO.— 'riiiitrvMi'.MiXTii Encami'MKNt. 
 
 II. III. 8. j ° ' " 
 
 n na 20 \ 71 i!7 
 
 flO 10 I 27 ;io 
 
 .'I ! 2(1 
 
 8 i 24 .'lO 
 
 12 20 21 
 
 11 
 
 5.-, 
 
 40 
 
 71 ;io 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 an 
 
 27 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 .10 
 
 43 15 
 
 
 20 
 
 \\:< 
 
 42 4.'i 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 i.T. +1'4,V'. 
 I,at. (!7'-' 3U'.« N. 
 
 I.T'. - 30". 
 hut. 070 30'.8 y. 
 
 I.T. -.1(1". 
 
 « 'lir. Blow on 0. M. T. 5'' 54" 10", 
 
 l.onK. 87° 7'.7 W. 
 
 M b.vC. N. 27045'AV. 
 
 Vnr. 7»° 1!)' W. 
 
 May 4, 1866,— FoitriKTii K.ni'ami'Mest. 
 
 li. ni. H. ! o ' " 
 
 48 73 28 15 2 Q. 
 
 "O 20 I 18 i I. 0. - 52". 
 
 El 35 14 15 i Lnt. 07° 50'.9 X. 
 
 4 18 40 
 20 
 21 20 
 
 44 45 
 
 3U 
 15 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. C. -4.'i". 
 
 C'lir. slow (inn. M. T. Oi- 8" 25". 
 
 Lout;. 88° 1H'.7 \\ . 
 
 May 16, 1886.— KoiirY-HXTii K.vcami>memv. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 R. 
 
 11 fi.'i 
 
 8 
 
 67 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 
 t II 
 
 83 31 
 
 31 2 Q. 
 
 31 30 I I.T. +2'. 
 
 31 j I.iil. 1.7J 8'.n X. 
 
 30 ' 
 
 21) 
 
 May 20, 1800 FOIITY-HKVKSTII RM'AUI'HK.NT. 
 
 i.T h 2'. 
 
 Ii. m. 
 
 H. 
 
 11 40 
 
 35 
 
 .53 
 
 17 
 
 frt( 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 85 30 
 31 
 
 32 30 
 33 
 33 
 30 30 
 
 Latfl«°.5U'.0N. 
 
 May 24, 1806.— FII.TIKTII Encampmkxt. 
 
 li. m. 
 
 H. 
 
 4 15 
 
 45 
 
 10 
 
 
 21 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 '/ 
 
 .57 
 
 10 
 
 
 ,50 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 It 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 m. 
 
 slow on O. .M. T. Si" 4U"' 15>, 
 
 1 K. m° 5U' \\. 
 
 1)y('. N.41'' W. 
 Vnr. 02' AV. 
 
 May 30, I860.— FiFTY-KiimT Entami'mext. 
 
 I 
 
 May 15, 1800.— FOUTY-BIXTIl ENTAMI'MEXT. 
 
 II. 
 
 ni. 
 
 n. 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 10 
 
 82 
 
 5fi 
 
 
 51 
 
 10 
 
 83 
 
 2 
 
 
 :a 
 
 35 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 .50 
 
 40 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 10 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 82 
 
 .50 
 
 4 40 
 42 30 
 45 30 
 
 40 20 
 
 48 .50 
 
 17 
 
 'l.%. 4 'J'. 
 CIoihIv. 
 
 I ' 
 
 \ T.nt. 07° 8'. 3 X. 
 
 I I 
 
 -! 
 
 i2Q. 
 
 j I.T. + 2'. 
 
 (^lir. slow on C. M. T. :i^ 40" 37". 
 i 1)V ('. X. 20° \V. 
 I Loii;:. 87'-"4l'.7 \V. 
 1 Viir. 70° 38' M'. 
 
 li. ni. 8. 1 ° ' " 
 
 11 40 20 I 00 
 
 40 20 ; 3 
 
 SO IS I 5 
 
 .54 I 
 
 57 45 I 5 30 
 
 3 20 j 2 
 
 40 80 50 
 
 U ,52 
 20 
 
 01 10 
 10 30 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I.e. +2'. 
 
 Lat.«0O30'.3X. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. C. + 2'. 
 
 May 31, 1800.- KiFivi-iiiKT Ex(ami'.ment. 
 
 I.T 2,5". 
 
 Clir. hIow on G. M. T. 5i> 48'" 10'. 
 
 LonK.80°34'.5W. 
 
 by C. X. 40° W. 
 
 Viir. 01° 42' W. 
 
 Ii. ni. 
 
 tt. 
 
 
 
 ' // 
 
 4 20 
 
 15 
 
 ,58 
 
 57 
 
 23 
 
 10 
 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 7 
 
 
 2 1 
 
 27 
 
 13 
 
 ,57 
 
 38 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 JUXK 3, 1800.— MOITII OP GitlXNRLI, lilVKK. 
 
 h. 
 
 ni. 
 
 H. 
 
 11 
 
 43 
 
 30 
 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 
 ,52 
 
 25 
 
 
 58 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 01 14 
 15 
 18 
 21 
 22 
 
 2 0. On 27', off 30' 30". 
 Lat. 000 22'.8 X. 
 
 
 iii 
 
JlaWs Astronomical Obscrrnfi(n> -, IHJid. 
 
 4(55 
 
 AHlronomival ohMiTvathiiH made during the ymm le;il-'(H) — Continiinl. 
 
 Jt'NR 3, 1800.— Mut'TII or OIUMKKI.L ItlVEU— Conttuucd, 
 
 III. 
 
 H. 
 
 4 
 
 
 N 
 
 :io 
 
 11 
 
 !IU 
 
 14 
 
 •JO 
 
 10 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 II 
 
 Ul 
 
 3-J 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 SO 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 Junk 0, 1800.— KiFTViiK.roMi Encami'mknt. 
 
 1. III. 
 
 H. 
 
 O ' 
 
 II M 
 
 r.7 
 
 «H 1« 
 
 57 
 
 1(5 
 
 07 40 
 
 m 
 
 13 
 
 'U 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 H 
 
 14 
 
 OS 51 
 
 lU 
 
 lU 
 
 24 
 
 I.T. + 30". 
 
 Ijit. iiHcil 00° '.'IV N. 
 
 riir. hIow nil ( i. M. T. S* 32» 31'. 
 
 T,oiil.'. KtP i;r.7 \V. 
 
 Hull tliiiikH lull);, too Kii'iit. 
 iiiid nmi'ilK'H it to K^ifi'it'H 
 clirnii. not ki'i'pliiK itH rati'. 
 
 G)'Htrnrii/,. N. 112" lU' \V. 
 
 C-JbyC. N. 4.VJ 30' W. 
 
 Vor. WP 40' \V. 
 
 I. TT. + 30". 
 
 Clir. hIowoii O. M. T. 5I" 32" 31' 
 
 LouB. 80° 22' l.'i" W. 
 
 JUMK 10, 1800— Kll 1 1 I < (iMi K.M .\,>I1'MKNT— C'utitlliuvd. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 ^— - 
 
 »— - 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 n. 
 
 " 
 
 4 
 
 84 
 
 57 
 
 01 
 
 
 »0 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 35 
 8 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 
 43 
 
 no 
 
 
 44 
 
 4(1 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 »8 
 
 
 in. QN. 37'^ \V. livt;. 
 CON.;it." W. l)v(!. 
 O N. 36° W. Itj C. 
 
 2iO. SiiiiiU Hi'xtanl. 
 ON. 114 \V. I)V<'. 
 Chioii. liiHt (III I,. M. T.. Ilu- 
 iiii'iili otidiliHcrvat'iiH, U'^'rilC. 
 
 Jink 13. IHdr. - lirivuKcoM) Kncamcmrnt. 
 
 JrNK 10, IKflfl.— FllTYHKCIiNIi KXCAMI'MKNI 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 2« 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 3,-. 
 
 
 .'(4 
 
 10 
 
 
 4H 
 
 43 
 
 
 54 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 
 20 
 
 47 
 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 
 X' 
 
 7 
 
 
 30 
 
 47 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 40 
 
 
 52 
 
 20 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 
 
 n 
 
 10 
 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 
 
 18 
 
 40 
 
 
 23 
 
 15 
 
 
 20 
 
 55 
 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 15 
 
 
 28 
 
 3(1 
 
 
 20 
 
 47 
 
 91 28 
 
 35 30 
 43 
 02 14 no 
 24 
 33 
 35 
 30 
 
 30 30 
 35 
 
 31 30 
 25 30 
 18 
 
 02 
 
 2Q. 1.0. +30". 
 ('•)S.51Jo-\V. bvC. 
 C-) S. :>2° W. liv <-'. 
 S. 5210 \\. I'.v C. 
 CO S. 58° \V. by C;. 
 S. 000 W. bv O. 
 0S. Oljo w. l,y(;. 
 S. 03JO w. bv C. 
 O S. 0.-|O W. by v.. 
 O S. 07° \V. bv (;. 
 0S. 08o\V. bvC. 
 
 s. ciP w. bv i;. 
 
 0S. 70JO AV. l(v ('. 
 0S. 73JOAV. bvC. 
 Cliioii. I'imt (III I,. A. T. 14"' .>. 
 1,011)1. iiHcd 5I1 44'" 4" W. 
 Lat. 000 28'.l» X. 
 
 30 I 2Q. 
 30 ! 
 
 S. ,-.7° W. 
 S. 5I|0 W. 
 © S. 000 W. 
 S. 02" W. 
 CO S. 04" AV. 
 S. («io AV. 
 CO S. C7JO \V, 
 (0 S. CH" W. 
 
 s. eiijo w, 
 
 CO S. 71" AV. 
 CO S. 70^ AV. 
 Lat. fl«o 27'.3 
 
 45 
 30 
 15 
 
 2 Q. N. 400 AV. by C. 
 
 0N.3OoW.byC. 
 A'nr. 050.4 "W. 
 
 II. III. 8. 
 
 11 57 03 - l.-i : 2 0. 
 
 3 50 .'■ , Cliioii. fiiHt nil I,. A. T. 4'"57». 
 
 8 
 
 14 II 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 13 '20 
 20 
 
 4 10 .50 
 
 21 10 
 
 22 30 
 
 4 23 12 
 
 24 10 
 
 25 5 
 
 03 
 
 02 ir. 
 
 !.■. 
 
 02 II 
 
 I,oii(,'. iiHi'd ,)i' 44'" 4' W. 
 I,at. 00° 20'.7 N. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I.T.-.V. 
 
 Lat.OOo'JS'.lN. 
 
 Oliri 
 
 iron, fast on L. M. T. 5" 12'. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 i.r.-.5'. 
 01 IS ;;ii I Cliron. faHt on I.. M. T. 5'" 10". 
 
 I 
 
 Junk 15, 1800.— I'li n iiiiiid=-Fipty-hii»t ENCAiirJiKNT. 
 
 h. ni. R. 
 
 11 54 45 
 
 .'lO 
 
 () 3 30 
 
 5 55 
 
 8 15 
 
 10 .50 
 
 12 10 
 
 13 50 
 18 30 
 
 20 50 
 
 21 45 
 
 113 III 
 
 n:t I.-. 
 
 :■!) 
 "(I 
 
 2 0. 1. ('. 
 
 CO S. fiO-J AV, 
 CO S. 01° w 
 (•;> S. 02" AV 
 CO S. 02" AV 
 8. 03" AV, 
 
 S. «4° AV 
 S. 05" \\- 
 O S. 07" AV 
 
 -4' 4.5", 
 bv v.. 
 by (1. 
 bv(;. 
 by C. 
 . by C. 
 
 . by C. 
 
 by <;. 
 
 by C. 
 
 t 1' 
 
 C-^ S. OK" AV. bv C. 
 
 Cliiiiii. I'liHl on h. A.T. 7'" 13". 
 
 l.at. (>IP20'.K N. 
 
 08 
 
 • - 
 
 
 07 
 
 1' 
 
 1 
 
 
 III 
 
 lii) 
 
 00 
 
 ■ill 
 
 
 05 
 
 
 :io 
 
 2 0. 
 
 4' 4.5". N. .50" AV. by C. 
 
 2 a. 
 
 I. (..-4' 4.".". 
 
 N. 40" W. by C. 
 
 Viir. 020.3 W. 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -3(> 
 
!l,' 
 
 '^7',-F-.■'■-t,^'f ■■»■ 
 
 466 HalVs Astronomical Observations, 1866. 
 
 Astronomical ohseirations made during the years 1864-'69— Continued . 
 
 JuNB 18, 1806.— Near Beacon Hill. 
 
 li. m. 
 
 :i 
 
 2:. 
 
 38 
 41 
 45 
 
 40 
 48 
 50 
 52 
 53 
 54 
 50 
 58 
 59 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 U 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 03 
 
 9 30 
 13 
 13 
 
 14 30 
 10 30 
 14 30 ( 
 111 3U 
 10 30 
 IC 30 
 10 
 18 
 15 
 14 
 14 
 15 
 15 
 
 14 30 
 "3 30 
 
 74 
 
 6 
 
 4J 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I. V. - 4' 45". 
 
 Clir. fast ou L. A. T. 3'' SI" 42', 
 
 Ejrgert's chron. 
 
 Lat. 06° 30'.8 N. 
 
 0. On SO* .30", off 27'. 
 
 June 10, 1800.— Toi- of Beacon Hill. 
 
 li. m. 8. 
 
 3 35 20 
 
 30 40 
 
 37 50 
 
 3 43 ,50 
 45 3 
 40 7 
 
 35 23 
 30 32 
 37 45 
 
 4 42 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 4 54 30 
 
 57 20 
 59 53 
 
 3 45 
 
 35 
 
 
 73 10 
 
 72 58 
 44 
 
 71 40 
 28 
 10 
 
 02 3 
 01 48 
 35 30 
 
 60 35 
 21 
 10 
 
 58 1!) 
 
 10 
 19 
 
 50 30 
 
 ,30 
 30 
 
 i.IJ.' - 3' 30". 
 Ward'H cliroii. 
 Ejiccvt 311 SSm 
 Ward's dirou. 
 
 i.e. - 3' 30". 
 
 2Q- 
 
 I. (J. - 3' 30". 
 
 June 19, 1800.— Teekeeba. 
 
 m. s. 
 
 49 20 
 
 52 10 
 
 53 40 
 55 30 
 
 50 45 
 58 30 
 
 30 
 3 
 
 4 15 
 
 6 30 
 
 7 40 
 10 
 
 11 10 
 
 12 45 
 
 45 20 
 
 47 20 
 
 48 35 
 
 53 40 
 
 54 33 
 
 55 35 
 
 12" fast on 
 
 2Q. 
 I.(J. - 
 
 -•Q. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 3' 30". 
 
 I. a. - 3' 30". 
 N. 340 W . 1)V 0. 
 0N. 331-3 \V. byC. 
 N. 330 W. by C. 
 
 I. C. - .T ,30". 
 N. 32JC W. by C. 
 N. 32° W. by C. 
 N. 3|o \V. by C. 
 Vur. 040.0 W. 
 
 40 
 9 18 
 
 5 17 35 
 18 47 
 10 42 
 
 93 33 
 35 
 
 34 
 
 34 30 
 35 
 
 35 30 
 35 
 
 35 
 35 
 
 34 30 
 34 
 
 oi: 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 57 3 
 
 50 38 
 
 22 
 
 55 21 
 10 
 54 59 
 
 53 18 
 
 18 
 18 
 
 6 23 50 
 
 24 40 
 
 25 34 
 
 50 35 30 
 Sri 
 10 
 
 49 20 
 10 
 
 48 59 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. V. 3' 30". 
 
 Cliron. slow on L. 
 
 Lat. 00° 25'.4 N. 
 
 A. T. 1™ 4". 
 
 i^. 
 
 3' 15" 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. tr. - 3' ! 
 
 2 0. 
 2 0. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 i.cT.- 
 
 20. 
 I.T. 
 
 I.e. -.3' 1.5". 
 N. 24J° \V. by 0. 
 0N. 2.3.J°A\MiV('. 
 0N. 23 W. by*'. 
 Var. 08O.3 W. 
 
 3' 15 
 
 3' 15" 
 
 June 29, 1800.— FiFrv-BEVEXTii Encampment. 
 
 h. m. a. 
 11 15 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 10 25 
 
 19 
 
 5 41 45 
 
 44 25 
 48 
 
 49 35 
 
 93 1 
 «2 59 
 
 50 30 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. C. + 1' 30". 
 
 Lat. 00° 25'.2 N. 
 
 45 37 
 
 37 2 0. 
 
 5 I. 0. + 1' 30". 
 
 44 21 Chron. fast on L. A. T. 3". 
 
 JfLY 2, 1800.— riFTV-BKynxrii ENCAMI'SIENT. 
 
 li. ni. 
 
 s. 
 
 11 54 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 35 
 
 57 
 
 
 58 
 
 20 
 
 59 
 
 30 
 
 92 40 
 40 30 
 41 
 40 
 40 30 
 
 30 
 
 I. C. + 1' 30". 
 
 m 
 
 
ii'/. 
 
 IlaWs Astronomical Observations, 1867. 
 
 4G7 
 
 Astronomical observations made daring the years 18G1-'C9 — Contiuued. 
 
 m 
 
 July 2, 1800.— Fiftv-beventii Encampment— Cont'd. 
 
 ni. H. 
 u no 
 
 3 20 
 
 « ;)5 
 
 » 45 
 
 lu 40 : 
 
 :)9 
 
 II 
 
 40 
 
 
 39 
 
 30 
 
 41 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 3(! 
 
 30 
 
 3fi 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 Lat, 08O 25'.2 N. 
 
 11 10 3 
 
 17 43 
 
 18 30 
 21 10 
 23 50 
 
 47 55 
 35 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 
 1 2 
 
 2Q- 
 l.V. + 1' 
 
 30" 
 
 2e. 
 
 2GJ. 
 
 Obion, slow on L. A. T. 2*. 
 
 July 0, i860.— Fiftyliohtii E.ncami'ment. 
 
 h. 
 
 111. 
 
 a. 
 
 11 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 
 
 57 
 
 47 
 
 
 59 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 01 40 30 
 40 30 
 40 30 
 48 
 
 40 30 
 40 
 40 
 
 2«. 
 
 1. c. -(- 2' a 
 
 30". 
 
 Lat. 60° 31'.5 N. 
 
 July 7,1800— Futyxlntii Kntami'ment. 
 
 ll. lU. H. 
 
 7 30 
 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 
 13 50 
 15 
 10 
 18 
 
 01 35 
 33 
 
 35 30 
 35 
 33 
 33 
 31 
 30 
 30 
 28 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I. (;. + 2' 30". 
 
 Lat. 88° 30'.9 N. 
 
 July 9, 1800.— FiFfY-NiNTii Excami'.mkxt. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 
 8 13 20 
 
 14 50 
 
 10 20 
 
 8 22 10 
 23 10 
 24 
 
 11 64 25 
 
 50 30 
 
 59 20 
 
 40 
 
 1 50 
 
 3 
 
 4 37 
 
 23 
 
 66 30 30 
 51 
 
 67 
 
 10 
 20 
 31 
 
 01 
 
 15 30 
 
 15 30 
 
 16 30 
 15 
 
 10 
 15 
 
 14 30 
 13 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I. (J. - 30". 
 
 Chroii. slow on L. A. T. 38". 
 
 1.(3. -30". 
 
 2 0. 
 
 I. li. - 30". 
 
 Lat. 00=> 28',2 N. 
 Rori'uction groat. 
 
 July 10, 1806.— Fiity-ninth Encamfmbnt. 
 
 h. 
 
 in. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 54 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 
 8 
 
 45 
 
 
 10 
 
 .50 
 
 
 13 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 47 
 
 .W 
 
 
 48 
 
 f)5 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 01 14 30 2 £2. Ou 40*, off 14' 30" 
 14 
 
 12 Lai. 0fin2n'.3N. 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 2Q. 
 L(D. 
 
 .54 17 
 
 4 30 LTJ. - 30" 
 S3 52 I Chron. slow on L. A. T. 41>. 
 
 July 20, 1806,— Sixtieth Encami'Ment. 
 
 h. ni. 
 
 8. 
 
 U 56 
 
 5 
 
 57 
 
 45 
 
 59 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 o 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 37 
 
 87 47 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 46 30 I 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 38 
 
 2Q. 
 
 I. T. + 1'. 
 
 Lilt. 00° 29'. 1 N. 
 
 AUOtlST 31, 1800. — AllOUT TIlllKE MILKS NOKTri OP Sllir'S 
 llAltllOU 18LA.NIIS. 
 
 ll. m. 
 
 8. 
 
 8 48 
 
 28 
 
 49 
 
 .'■>4 
 
 51 
 
 20 
 
 2 a <>" 31', oir :v>' 30". 
 
 Louj;. 51' 44"' 20" \V. 
 
 Clir. last ou L. M. T. W' 20'" l.'V. 
 
 SKPTEMHKU 1, 1800 —AllOUT TIIHEK MILES NOUTII OP SHU-'S 
 IIAKUOK IsL/Ui'IIM. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 3 
 
 55 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 13 
 
 22 
 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 37 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 53 
 53 
 54 
 52 
 43 
 
 2 Q. (.)n 30', <iff 33' 30" 
 
 Lat. 60° 29'.0 N. 
 
 Ai'uiL 27, 1807.— SixTY-PiFiu Encampment. 
 
 ll. 
 
 111. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 35 
 38 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 45 
 
 
 18 
 
 ,55 
 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 74 21 
 18 
 17 
 16 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 71 
 
 55 32 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 2 Q. On 30', off 25'. 
 
 Lims- 51' 44'" 20*. 
 lIoieiuuvu(l(.liri)U. forward 30'°. 
 
 Lat. 60^ 20' N. 
 
 2 0. On 38', off 20'. 
 Cfiion. slow on L. M. T. 17 
 
 >•■• •:! 
 
i 'i,! 
 
 
 468 Hairs Astronomical Observations, 1868. 
 
 Axtvonomhal ohacrvaliona made during the years 1864-'69-— Continuftd. 
 
 
 i 
 
 11 
 
 Junk 15, 18G7.— Sixtv-i-ifiii Excami'mext. 
 
 Sei-tkmukk 15, 1807,— IwiLLlK— Coiitinuctl. 
 
 Ii. m. 8. 
 
 U 38 25 
 
 44 
 
 53 
 
 
 5 
 10 30 
 
 o 
 U3 
 
 8 
 
 12 30 
 10 
 10 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 2 a On 31', otf 31'. 
 Lat. 00° 20'.1 X. 
 
 2 R. On 31', oflf 32'. 
 
 CBion. slow on L. M. T. C OS*. 
 
 0) to left to mountain. 
 
 to left to mountain. 
 
 ( )u 30'. o«- 34. N. 250 W. by C. 
 
 N. 24^ \V. by C. 
 
 Var. 04° W. 
 
 0) to left to mountain. 
 « mark S. 79° W. by C. 
 Var. 04° \V. 
 
 li. 
 2 
 
 m. 8. 
 1 53 
 4 
 
 5 55 
 7 25 
 9 15 
 
 o / '/ 
 
 40 7 
 39 48 
 
 33 30 
 
 19 
 4 
 
 2 Q. On .32', off 32'. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 38" 33". 
 
 AritlL 3, 1808.- TEXTII IoI.OO— OO-BOOAII-KII. 1 
 
 5 a 35 
 8 15 
 » 25 
 
 51 
 50 
 
 23 30 
 
 2 
 49 
 
 h. 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 m. 8. 
 21 30 
 20 42 
 29 30 
 41 50 
 44 40 
 48 35 
 50 
 
 .52 20 
 
 55 10 
 
 50 20 
 
 3 15 
 
 / // 
 
 54 45 
 
 51 
 
 55 
 
 65 1 30 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 54 .59 
 
 50 
 
 52 
 
 2 Q. On 28', off 3C. 
 
 Lat. 67° 50' N. 
 
 2 Q. On 28', off' 37'- 
 A8Hiime<l long. .51' 29"' W. 
 Cbron. slow oil L. M. T. 18°" 15'. 
 
 5 14 
 
 77 
 
 e 
 
 5 25 20 
 
 27 10 
 
 28 40 
 
 70 
 
 37 
 57 
 
 5 37 30 
 
 81 
 
 42 
 
 2 
 
 32 30 
 
 33 f3 
 35 
 
 30 30 
 37 30 
 
 43 
 
 42 48 
 39 
 27 
 10 
 
 JUNl 
 
 2 21, 
 
 1807.— Sixty-fifth Encampmext. 
 
 h. ni. 8. 
 4 18 IS 
 
 19 35 
 
 20 55 
 
 
 
 Gl 
 
 m 
 
 45 
 30 
 
 I. 0. + 2'. 
 
 Chron. 8low on L. M. T. 8"" 55". 
 
 April 14, 1808.— Fouuteenth Igi.oo— Ooumt Ihi.axuh. 
 
 h. 
 11 
 
 m. 8. 
 38 40 
 42 40 
 40 10 
 
 o / // 
 GO 20 
 
 21 
 
 11 30 
 
 2<2l- On 32', off 32' 30". 
 Lat. 68° 59'.5 N. 
 
 2 0. On 32', off' 3,3'. 
 
 N. 1.5° W. byC. 
 
 N. 1G° W. by C. 
 
 N. 17° W. by C. 
 
 (;iiron. .slow on L. M. T. 55'» .5.5'. 
 
 Var. 98° W. 
 
 JUN 
 
 K22, 
 
 1807.— Sixty-fifth ExcAMPMExr. 
 
 3 
 
 5 30 
 
 8 
 11 23 
 
 38 30 
 
 5 
 37 32 
 
 li. m. 8. 
 
 11 31) 40 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 
 ,52 
 
 50 40 
 
 C 50 
 
 8 50 
 
 10 20 
 
 o 
 03 
 
 / // 
 23 30 
 20 
 
 27 30 
 27 30 
 27 
 21 
 20 
 1» 30 
 
 i. c'. + 3' 30". 
 Lat. 00° 20'. IN. 
 
 AriiiL 17, 1808.— FiusT lcii.00— Hooper Lxi.et. 
 
 h. 
 
 7 
 
 m. 8. 
 18 40 
 
 21 15 
 23 10 
 43 
 
 o / // 
 
 42 33 
 
 43 
 IB 
 
 2f2. On 30', off 34'. 
 
 O S. 291° M'. by C. 
 
 0S. 30° \V. byC. 
 
 O S. 31° W. by C. 
 
 S. 30° W. by C. 
 
 Chron. slow oii L. M. T. SS" .53". 
 
 Var. 01°.l W. 
 
 Jll 
 
 YO, 
 
 1807.— SIXTY-FI Fill EXCAMr.MF.XT. 
 
 li.m. 8. 
 7 12 10 a.m. 
 4 27 48i).in. 
 7 17 37u.ni. 
 4 22 32 p.m. 
 
 
 / t' 
 20 30 
 
 \ 2D. 
 Chron. hIow on L. M. T. U" IW. 
 
 
 Apuii, 1 
 
 8, 1808.— SecC 
 
 XI) Igloo— Qi'iLLiAM Creek. 
 
 
 SEITF.MDEB 15, 1807.— IWILLIK. 
 
 b. 
 
 
 10 
 
 m. 8. 
 47 30 
 
 50 20 
 53 
 
 50 20 
 
 58 43 
 
 2 35 
 
 / /' 
 
 59 47 30 
 
 11 
 
 24 30 
 32 30 
 47 
 
 I 
 
 2 Q. On 28- 30", off 3.5'. 
 
 S. 84° \V. by C. 
 
 S. 83° (0 W. by C. 
 
 S. 8G° W. by C'. 
 
 S. 87J° W. (ly a. 
 
 0S. 8«^ W. bvC. 
 
 S. 89° W. by C. 
 
 Cliroti. slow on" L. M. T. 60" 22". 
 
 Var. 107O.0 W. 
 
 li. m. 8. 
 11 14 30 
 
 10 35 
 18 22 
 21 12 
 23 45 
 25 .50 
 
 o 
 52 
 
 / // 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 24 
 
 2:1 30 
 23 
 
 2 Q. On 24', oft' 41'. 
 Lat. CO': so'.e N. 
 
 _ 
 
ir^ 
 
 Hall's Astronomical Observations, 1868. 
 
 469 
 
 Astronomical observations made during the years 1864-69 — Continued. 
 
 as-. 
 
 I5«. 
 
 11 
 
 ApniL 19, 1888.— TiiiiiD Igloo— CiioziEii River. 
 
 b. m. 
 
 H. 
 
 7 11 
 
 40 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 28 
 
 20 
 
 M 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 41 40 
 
 42 1.5 
 43 
 
 43 .5 
 27 
 
 2Q. On 28', off 30'. 
 
 «. 3P AV. by 0. 
 
 O S. 20^ W. bv V. 
 
 S. 30= W. bV C. 
 
 O S. 30.JO \V. i)v C. 
 
 S. 31° W. by C. 
 
 ( 'bidii. hIow on L. M. T. SO" 21", 
 
 Vur. 03O.0 W. 
 
 Between Third and Fourth Igloos. 
 
 S3 
 
 30 
 
 h. m. fl. 
 
 10 rn 10 
 
 57 30 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 7 50 
 
 11 15 
 
 14 30 
 18 
 
 21 35 
 
 20 5 
 
 28 40 
 
 / 
 
 ft 
 
 11 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 ]« 
 
 30 
 
 17 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 2 Q. On 28', off 30'. 
 0^. 87° W. by C. 
 S. 87° W. by C. 
 O S. 88" W. by C. 
 S. 88i° W. l)y C. 
 O S. 804° W. by C. 
 
 O N. 80° W. by C. 
 O N. 88° W. by C. 
 N. 87° W. by O. 
 N. 83.JO \V. {)y C. 
 N. 84J° AV. by C. 
 I.at. fl9°31'.9K. 
 Vur. SiPA \V. 
 
 AiMiiL 20, 1808.- FoiTinH Igloo — Grinnell Lake. 
 
 li. ni. R. 
 
 G 21 38 
 
 23 r,- 
 
 27 15 
 51 
 
 43 3 
 
 50 
 
 2 0. On .30', off 34'. 
 
 S. 43° W. bv C. 
 
 S. 43.5° \V. in- C. 
 
 S. 44° W. by C. 
 
 O S. 47° W. by C. 
 
 Chion. 8ln\v on L. M. T. l* 46"'. 
 
 Var. 100°.3 W. 
 
 Al'KIL 20, 1808.— IlKIWEEN Fouimi AND FlFTII lOLOOS. 
 
 h. 
 
 ni. 
 
 a. 
 
 U 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 .TO 
 
 
 37 
 
 5 
 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 35 
 
 62 30 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 10 
 
 63 
 
 55 15 
 
 2 40 
 5 i 
 
 17 30 I 
 
 4 
 
 18 30 
 
 27 
 
 30 
 
 40 30 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 2 0. On 30', off .'14'. 
 0N.87° W. bvC. 
 
 O N. mi<= \y. \t\ c. 
 
 N. 80° W. bV (J. 
 © N. 88° (?) W. by C. 
 N. 8fi° W. by C. 
 0N. 84° W. b'vC. 
 N. 82J° W. i.y C. 
 N. 82° W. 1)V 0. 
 X. 70= W. b'v 0. 
 I,.it. 00° 40'.4 Jj. 
 Viir. 101° W. 
 
 Ai'HiL 22, 1808.— .Sixth Igloo— Excami'ment I5av. 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 58 22 30 
 
 59 
 
 30 
 
 2 0. On 32'. off 32'. 
 QS. 00° W. bv C. 
 
 Q s. 7(ij° w. I)v r. 
 
 S. 7lJ° AV. b'v C. 
 
 Cliron. fiist on L M. T. 3'" 25". 
 
 Var. 104O.2 W. 
 
 April 22, 1888.— Sixth Igloo— E.n'c.v»ii''t Bay- Cont'd. 
 
 I 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 a. 
 
 10 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 .56 
 
 20 
 
 
 .VJ 
 
 40 
 
 11 
 
 » 
 
 5 
 
 
 12 
 
 40 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 *) 
 
 7 
 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 
 47 
 
 17 
 
 
 .'iO 
 
 30 
 
 
 53 
 
 25 
 
 
 56 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 
 15 
 
 40 
 
 
 18 
 
 43 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 5 
 
 
 44 
 
 15 
 
 02 8 
 53 
 
 03 5 
 32 
 43 
 
 64 13 
 29 
 40 
 43 
 40 
 48 
 50 
 52 
 52 
 52 
 51 
 49 
 47 
 40 
 44 
 39 
 34 
 27 
 
 46 54 
 
 25 
 6 
 
 2Q. 
 0S. 
 OS. 
 0S. 
 0.S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 0.S. 
 0S. 
 0S. 
 
 S. 84° AV. by C. 
 87J° AV. by 0. 
 88° AV. by C. 
 89,1° AA^ bv C. 
 895° W, by C. 
 87° AV. byC. 
 83° AV. by C. 
 83° AV. by C. 
 81° AV. by C. 
 80,i° AV. I)y C. 
 80° AV. by' C. 
 79° AV. bv 0. 
 78° AV. b'v C. 
 77J° AV, i)V C. 
 77° AV. byC. 
 
 O S. 75J° AV. bv C. 
 0) S. 75° AV. by C. 
 S. 74° AV. by C. 
 
 S. 72J° AV. by C. 
 S. 72° AV. by C. 
 S. 71° AV. by C. 
 Lot. 69° 47'.3 N. 
 Var. 102O.5 AV. 
 
 2 0. On 29', off 35'. 
 
 N. 19J0 AV. by C. 
 
 O N. 19° AV. 1)V C. 
 
 O N. 19° AV. by C. 
 
 Chron, fast on L. M. T. 2" SS". 
 
 Var. 90°.5 AV. 
 
 April 27, 1868.— Ninth Igloo, bamk as sixth. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 a. 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 // 
 
 11 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 67 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 30 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 
 156 
 
 30 
 
 
 51 
 
 10 
 
 68 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 32 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 10 
 
 53 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 67 
 
 .57 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 
 55 
 
 30 
 
 
 21 
 
 50 
 
 
 .52 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 2 0. On 28', off 36'. 
 Q^N. 87° AV. by C. 
 Q) N. 81° (0 AV. bv C. 
 & N. 79JO W. by C. 
 N. 79i° W. b'v C. 
 N. 79° AV. by V. 
 O N. 78° AV. l)v (;. 
 O N. 70° AV. by 0. 
 (.) N. 75° AV. b'y C. 
 K. 73° AV. by 0. 
 
 0K. 70°AV. bvC, 
 Lat.00°47'.8 Jf. 
 A'ar. 103° AV. 
 
 April 28, 1808.— Islaxd, wkst extranck to Fui.y and 
 Hecla Straits. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 fl. 
 
 / '/ 
 
 
 11 40 
 
 
 08 15 
 
 2 0. On 20', off 35'. 
 0Tf. 70° AV. bv (1 
 
 44 
 
 
 17 
 
 47 
 
 50 
 
 20 30 
 
 N. 74° AV. by C. 
 
 51 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 N. 73° AV. by C. 
 
 54 
 
 30 
 
 20 30 
 
 G) N. 72J° AV. i)y C. 
 
 58 
 
 
 27 
 
 O N. 72° AV. by C. 
 
 1 
 
 
 27 
 
 N. 71° AV. by C. 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 27 
 
 G) N. 70JO W. by C. 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 20 30 
 
 O X. 70° AV. bv C. 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 25 30 
 
 N. 08° AV. by C. 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 24 30 
 
 N. 07° AV. by C. 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 22 
 
 N. 00° \V. by C. 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 Lat. 09° !)4'.5 if. 
 Var. 108O.8 AV. 
 
II i! 
 
 'i!': 
 
 470 UaWs Astronomical Observations^ 18G8. 
 
 Astronomical obserraUons made during the years 1864-'G9 — CoiitiniUMl. 
 
 ■liij ; 
 
 ■1' ;. 
 
 ■,\'- 'l.i 
 
 Aphil 28, 1868.— Island, west entiuncr, &c.— Cont'd. 
 
 li. m. 
 4 27 
 35 
 
 30 30 
 37 50 
 
 4 45 43 
 
 47 40 
 49 17 
 
 42 37 
 
 41 16 
 
 4 
 
 40 51 
 
 30 31 
 
 12 
 
 38 50 
 
 2 0. 
 
 CGron. fast on L. M. T. 1" 3'. 
 
 Cbron. fust on L. M. T. SB*. 
 
 AriiiL 29, 1808.— Tenth Igloo, nbab Capb Enqlefield. 
 
 h. ni. B. 
 11 53 
 
 57 27 
 U 1 
 i 
 
 5 30 
 
 7 10 
 
 11 45 
 
 13 30 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 II 
 
 C9 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 2Q. On 31', off 33'. 
 OTf . 72° W. by C. 
 N. 70° W. by C. 
 
 N. 07° "W. by C. 
 
 O N. 65i° W. by C. 
 Cat. 69° 51'. 
 Tar. 112° "W. 
 
 May 2, 1808.- EluvexthIoloo, neak Cape East— Cont'd 
 
 Mat 1, 1868.— Tenth Igloo. 
 
 10 
 
 in. 
 
 8. 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 37 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 45 
 
 
 00 57 
 07 6 
 10 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 
 2(0. On 34', off 30'. 
 O S. 84° W. by C. 
 
 O S. 860 w. by C. 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 1° 
 Var. 110O.9 "W. 
 
 44». 
 
 May 2, 1868.— Eleventh Igloo, neak Cape East. 
 
 h. 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 43 40 
 53 
 
 55 45 
 
 59 
 
 50 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 1 19 
 
 3 27 
 
 4 22 
 
 5 13 
 
 7 20 
 
 8 20 
 
 9 18 
 
 71 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 70 56 
 
 38 17 
 
 37 54 
 
 46 
 
 36 
 
 91 35 
 28 
 10 
 
 2 0. On 3K off 3.3'. 
 N. 86° W. by C. 
 N. 85° "W. by C. 
 N. 83JO W. by C. 
 N. 83° W. by C. 
 O N. 82° W. by C. 
 O N. 81° \V. by C. 
 
 N. 81i° W. bv C. 
 N. 80° W. by C. 
 Lat. 69° 49'.7 N. 
 
 2Q. On Capo East. 
 
 to right to mark. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 
 5 10 58 
 
 12 40 
 
 13 35 
 
 5 16 15 
 
 6 18 22 
 
 20 27 
 
 6 23 28 
 26 
 27 38 
 
 6 32 32 
 34 16 
 
 30 30 
 20 
 11 
 
 89 
 
 37 
 
 
 34 
 33 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 47 
 
 85 57 
 41 
 
 2 0. 
 
 to right to uiai'k. 
 
 N. 0° E. by C. 
 N. 7° E. by C. 
 
 2 0. 0N. 7J0E. 
 ON. 8° E. 
 N. 8° E. 
 
 (o rijiht to mnrk. 
 Bear'gof j.iaik S. 80'' E. by (" 
 Alt. of m mark 25'. 
 Var. 98° W. 
 
 May 10, 1868.— OOGLiT Islands. 
 
 n. m. s. 
 11 24 30 
 
 28 
 31 
 
 34 10 
 40 
 
 43 15 
 13 30 
 17 
 
 31 27 
 
 33 45 
 
 35 45 
 
 50 30 
 
 77 10 
 
 10 
 
 9 30 
 9 
 3 
 
 
 42 10 
 
 41 44 
 
 23 
 
 2 0. On 30', off 34'. 
 N. 88° W. by C. 
 N. 854° W. by C. 
 
 © N. 82° AT. by 0. 
 N. 81° W. by C. 
 N. 81° W. by C. 
 N. 75° AT. by C. 
 N. 75° AV. by C. 
 L.at. 08° 58'.4 N. 
 Var. 920.2 AV. 
 
 2 0. 0N. byC. 
 
 0Tf. by C. 
 
 N. 1° E. by C. 
 
 N. 3J° E. ty C. 
 
 Chron slow oil L. M. T. 32"' ; 
 
 Ta.-. 95°.l AT. 
 
 May 20, 1808.— F7..Tn Encampment— Second jol'um;v 
 
 FBOM OOGLIT. 
 
 m. 8. 
 27 
 
 29 
 31 
 30 
 38 35 
 
 11 28 15 
 33 30 
 37 40 
 42 
 49 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 18 
 32 
 
 15 
 
 79 45 
 45 30 
 45 
 43 
 37 
 
 2 0. On 32', off 32'. 
 0^. 00° AV. bv C. 
 0S. 00° AV. byC. 
 S. 01J° AV. by C. 
 S. 03° AV. by C. 
 S. 03J° AV. by C. 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T, 
 Var. 90°.0 AV. 
 
 20". i\ 
 
 2 0. 0N. 70OAV. byC. 
 0Tr. 78° AV. by C. " 
 K. 76i° AV. by C. 
 0N. 7,';° AV. by'C. 
 N. 73J° AV. l)v C. 
 Lat. 70° 0'.8 N. ' 
 A'ar. 10I°.2 AV. 
 
 After meridian obHcrvations, 
 chron. sot forward 30"'. 
 
 :-.^..r'.^.,^:-r.-.i 
 
1 
 
 .,■( 
 
 HaWs Astronomical Observations, 18 8. 471 
 
 Julronomical obaarations made during the years IWM-'GO — CoiUiniu'd. 
 
 JUNK3, 1808.— FlIlST EnCAMPMRNT ON UETUUN JOUllNKY 
 TO KE1"U1.SK JUY. 
 
 m. 
 
 B. 
 
 41 
 
 30 
 
 48 
 
 2(1 
 
 57 
 
 50 
 
 ;i 
 
 •JO 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 ](i 
 
 ;io 
 
 ^1 
 
 50 
 
 80 21 
 20 
 32 
 32 
 28 
 25 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 iQ. On 35', off 20'. 
 
 Lat. 08o55'.5N. 
 
 Junk 4, 1808.— Fiust Encami-ment. 
 
 Ii. m. 8. 
 
 10 40 40 
 
 43 S-l 
 
 4(1 40 
 
 48 47 
 
 11 50 
 
 .12 50 
 
 58 40 
 
 1 ;'0 
 
 5 15 
 
 83 r,2 
 
 84 4 
 14 
 
 30 
 
 80 41 
 
 10 20 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 44 
 
 45 (?) 
 
 45 
 
 43 30 
 
 42 
 
 2 Q. onH.v, oirao'. 
 
 O"??. 03° W. by C. 
 
 S. Cjo AV. by C. 
 
 O S. O.Jo AV. by O. 
 
 S. 00° W. bv C. 
 
 Chroii. fiist on L. M. T. 2'" 25". 
 
 Var. 87°.8 W. 
 
 2 0. S. 80° W. by C. 
 
 S. 87° W. by C. 
 
 0W. 
 
 K. 89° W. bv C. 
 
 N. 88° W. by C. 
 
 by ( 
 
 I-nt. 08° 55'.8 N. 
 Viir. 90°.4 W. 
 
 I 60 25 
 I 52 
 
 63 20 
 
 June ,5, 1868.— Second ENCAMrMENT on uetuhn. 
 
 h. • 
 
 a. 
 
 11 63 
 
 25 
 
 57 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 11 
 
 
 ?0 
 
 
 2 Q. On 35', off 20'. 
 As8unic(l Ions- 82° 5' W. 
 
 Lat. 68° 48'.6 N. 
 
 Junk 0, 1808.- Second ENCAHrMKNT. 
 
 h. ni. s. 
 
 6 13 45 
 
 15 7 
 
 16 13 
 19 
 
 20 53 
 
 6 •;.'7 35 
 20 10 
 30 
 
 fi 31 47 
 
 33 4 
 
 34 25 
 
 6 37 35 
 
 7 8 
 
 40 
 
 39 52 
 
 41 
 
 38 50 
 
 89 34 
 17 
 4 
 
 30 55 
 43 
 28 
 
 2 Q. On 35', off 20'. 
 N. 10° E. by C. 
 
 O to right to mark. 
 
 ni'iu'K i(f mark S. 72° E. by C. 
 Var. 94°.2 W. 
 
 2Q. 
 
 0N 1.5°E. byC. 
 N. 17° (/) t'. bv C. 
 <;brnn. fnatonL.M. T.5'" 
 Var. 05O.2 W. 
 
 Junk 13, 1808.— Fit-rii Encampment. 
 
 b. m. 8. 
 11 46 45 
 49 15 
 53 10 
 58 20 
 3 
 7 
 
 16 
 30 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 00 
 
 30 
 
 34 
 
 37 
 
 42 (?) 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 41 
 
 50 35 
 18 
 2 
 
 2 a. On 28', off 36'. 
 Asminicil lon^. 82° 52' W. 
 S. 75° W. 1)V ('■ 
 0) S. 70° W. bv ('. 
 S. 77° W. bV (!. 
 Q S. 80° W. bv <;. 
 G)S. 86°(f)AV. byC. 
 S. 88° W. bv C. 
 Ijlt. 07° 37'.4 N. 
 Var. 7U°.3 W. 
 
 2 Q. On 28', off 36'. 
 
 Gliron. fast on L. M. T. 5'» 47". 
 
 June 1.5. 1868.— Sixth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 8 
 
 43 
 
 27 
 
 
 44 
 
 54 
 
 
 45 
 
 57 
 
 
 52 
 
 12 
 
 
 54 
 
 50 
 
 
 58 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 2 
 
 55 
 
 11 
 
 55 
 
 25 
 
 
 58 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 45 
 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 
 7 
 
 30 
 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 55 
 
 
 27 
 
 25 
 
 71 
 
 2 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 20 
 
 72 
 
 32 
 
 
 59 
 
 73 
 
 33 
 
 
 65 
 
 74 
 
 18 
 
 91 21 
 
 23 30 
 
 25 
 
 27 30 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 2 Q. On 32', off 32'. 
 
 S. 7° W. by C. 
 0S. 10° W. byC. 
 S. 20° W. by C. 
 0S. 20°^. byC. 
 S. 21° W. l)'v 0. 
 (;hr«n. faat on L. M. T. 10" 
 Var. 70°.3 W. 
 
 2 0. On 32', off 32'. 
 S. 80° W. bv v.. 
 CO S. 80J° \V. 1)V 0. 
 S. 814° W. bv 0. 
 S. 83° W. by (;. 
 S. 85° W. b'v 0. 
 O S. 86° W. by C. 
 
 S. 86° W. by C. 
 
 S. 87° W. by C. 
 I.at. 07° 22' N. 
 Var. 84°.4 W. 
 
 Junk 19, 1866.— Eighth Encampmk.n-t. 
 
 5 67 40 
 69 65 
 
 6 7 
 
 23 67 
 25 45 
 27 50 
 
 88 
 87 
 
 40 3 
 45 38 
 44 16 
 
 2 (2- On 26', off 38'. 
 Clii-on. l'nnt on L. M. T. 16" O". 
 Lat. 06° .54' N. 
 AsBiancd lonK. 84° 21' W. 
 
 2 Q. On 19', off 4.V. 
 Cbroii. sot back 19 minnt«s. 
 
 41 
 40 
 
 I 2 0. On 10', off 4!>'. 
 30 I Chrun. fast on L. M. T. W" 7'. 
 
I, Ml" ^ii^vjr»"'^»»i'.>'.'Tf»wii)(i 
 
 : I 
 
 
 472 HaWs Aslronomkal Observations, 1868, 
 
 Astronomical ohii iraliona made during the years 18()4-'f)9 — Continued. 
 
 
 June 23, 18''°.- 
 
 -Ninth E.n( am i'mkst. 
 
 June 23, 
 
 1868.— Eleventh Encampment— Continued. 
 
 ll. 111. 
 
 B. 
 
 
 
 / // 
 
 
 ]i. 
 
 m. s. 
 
 / // 
 
 
 4 15 
 
 
 
 
 s. 50'--' i:. i.v c. 
 
 8 
 
 50 20 
 
 74 24 30 
 
 2 0. 
 
 Chron. fast on L; M. T. O" 31". 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 S. 40P i:. hv c. 
 
 
 57 22 
 
 35 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 0S. 4(p i:. iv c. 
 
 
 59 
 
 52 
 
 
 2(1 
 
 
 
 
 OS. 47° K. l.vC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 
 S. 47° !■'. 1', ('. 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 
 0S. 40° i:. ir, (;. 
 
 
 
 1 45 
 
 76 22 30 
 
 2EJ. On 30', oir33' 30". 
 
 3U 
 
 
 
 
 S. 47° K. i.v ('. 
 
 
 
 
 S. 21° W. l>v (!. 
 
 32 
 35 
 39 
 
 
 
 
 S. 40° ]•;. Iiv (-'. 
 
 s. 45SO i:. i,v c. 
 
 S. 44° K. l,v (;. 
 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 
 2e-. S. 22° AY. hv C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 50 
 
 22 
 
 2 0. 223°W. byC. 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 
 0.S.44OI;. hvC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 45 
 
 
 
 
 S. 440 1;. hv C. 
 S. 44° IC. l,v C. 
 S. 431° IC. liv 0. 
 S. 430 K. hv C. 
 
 9 
 
 59 
 
 
 S. 370 "W. l)v n. 
 
 46 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 marlc N. 48° AV. by C. 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 
 0S. 41° K. hv (.'. 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 0S. 38JOAV. I)yC. 
 
 50 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 S. 41° K. I,v (;. 
 OS. 40J°IC. (ivC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 OS. 4uoK. livC. 
 
 11 
 
 14 8 
 
 91 30 
 
 2Q. On 30', off 34'. 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 OS. 30OK. I..!, C. 
 
 2 0. Oil :i:", nir 32'. 
 
 Cfiron. l:isl >in L. M. T. 2" 32'. 
 
 
 15 60 
 
 37 30 
 
 to light to same mouutiuu. 
 
 5 52 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 75 51 
 
 55 
 
 8 
 
 
 33 30 
 
 
 27 25 
 
 17 
 
 
 57 
 
 25 
 
 41 
 
 
 0S. 24°K. livC. 
 
 
 29 
 
 10 
 
 2Q. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 33 47 
 
 02 32 
 
 » 
 
 
 
 
 S. 221° IC. i)V C. 
 
 
 35 35 
 
 35 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 0S. 23° IC. livO. 
 
 
 45 40 
 
 54 
 
 
 11 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 S. 22i° JC. i,y C. 
 
 20. On:;-'. (.tr31'30". 
 Clii-oii.la.-lim L. M. T. 2" 48". 
 
 
 47 40 
 
 57 
 
 2 0. On .30', off 34'. 
 ©^.730AV. byC. 
 
 10 45 
 
 55 
 
 89 
 
 41 
 
 11 
 
 54 53 
 
 93 9 
 
 48 
 
 17 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 
 49 
 
 17 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 57 37 
 
 11 
 
 S. 74° AV. by C. 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 90 
 
 30 30 
 
 0S. .511'-' W. I.vC. 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 12 
 
 S. 7!J0 W. by C. 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 
 49 
 
 0S. .^2°'\\'. I'vC. 
 
 
 3 55 
 
 13 
 
 S. 753° AV. \)y C. 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 91 
 
 8 30 
 
 0S. 540^1-. 1..C. 
 
 
 6 30 
 
 13 30 
 
 S. 7(?i° AV. by <;. 
 
 18 
 41 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 S. ,Mil° V> . liv C. 
 OS. 70o^■.■. l,vC. 
 
 
 10 
 13 10 
 
 15 
 14 30 
 
 0S.771OW. byC. 
 S. 79° AV. by C. 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 OS. 70° W.! vC. 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 S. 80° AV. by 0. 
 
 52 
 
 
 93 
 
 7 
 
 0S. 70° \N'. li\ C. 
 
 
 20 
 
 11 30 
 
 
 56 
 
 55 
 
 
 10 
 
 0S.72° W.livC. 
 
 
 22 6 
 
 10 
 
 S. 82° AV. 1)V C. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 8.74° AV. livC. 
 
 
 
 
 Lat. 06° 29'.5 N. 
 
 4 
 
 40 
 
 
 12 
 
 OS. 7.'i°\r. l.vC. 
 
 
 
 
 Var. 770.6 AV. 
 
 8 
 12 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 OS. 70° \V. ln-C. 
 OS. 771° W. livC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 
 9 
 
 0S. 70° W. l.vC. 
 Lnt. 00° 34'. !i X. 
 
 
 November 11, 1868.— First Encampment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Var. 75°. '2 \\ . 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h. 
 
 8 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 58 
 
 ' /' 
 48 5 
 
 2 -J/. I.e. -2' 30". 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 22 30 
 
 47 50 30 
 
 Ther. - 26°. 
 
 
 J UN 
 
 E25, 
 
 1868.— E 
 
 LEVENTU E-\( A.Ml'MENT. 
 
 
 
 
 Long, assumed 5' 44"' 8' AV. 
 Chron. fast on L. M. T. 1" 3'. 
 Lat. 66° 30'.7 N. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 8 37 
 
 8. 
 30 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 / // 
 15 
 
 to riglil 1" mountain. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Elevation 2.")U I'l'ct above sea. 
 2Q. On lid', off 34'. 
 
 
 NOVI 
 
 MBEE 12, 1868.— Second Encampment. 
 
 8 44 
 
 30 
 
 72 
 
 22 
 
 h 
 
 m. 8. 
 
 / // 
 
 
 46 
 
 10 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 47 52 
 
 2-4. I.e. -2' 30". 
 
 47 
 
 30 
 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 36 
 48 40 
 
 50 
 35 
 
 ■U H. 07° AV. by C. 
 Tj. a. 70° AV. by C. 
 ■n S. 72° AV. by C. 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 49 
 
 50 
 
 110 
 
 23 
 
 to riglit to mountain. 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 
 11 S. 78° AV. by C. 
 Thor. - 28°. 
 
 52 
 
 10 
 
 109 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 17 
 
 
 22 
 
 Omavkl>v('.N.4S°'W. 
 
 Viir.77°.UW. 
 
 
 
 
 Lat. 06° 3.'i' N. 
 Var. 07°.l AV. 
 
iii 
 
 HalPs Astronomical Observations, 1869. 
 
 Astronomical obaervationa made during ilic years 18C4-'69 — Contiunud. 
 
 473 
 
 NOVEMBBIt 14, 1868.— ThIBD ENCAMPMENT. 
 
 ll. m. 
 10 32 
 
 42 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 It 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 2Q. ARs'«llnnp.5''42"]2''W. 
 
 OS. 720 w. by V. 
 
 Q S. 75° W. 1)V C. 
 
 Lnt. 80° 48'.8 N. 
 
 Thcr. -10°. 
 
 Vav. 750.1 W. 
 
 XovKMUKK 17, 1808.— Fourth Excami-ment. 
 
 ih. m. s. 
 10 2 15a.n], 
 
 16 
 
 42 15 
 52 
 
 36 43 
 
 37 
 
 29. A Rs'd lonp. .'i'- 41"" 43" W. 
 
 ? S. 72° W.byC. 
 
 5 S. 76° W. b'v C. 
 
 2 S. m° \V. by 0. 
 
 ? S. 83° W. by C. 
 
 Lnt. 000 .W.O N. 
 
 Vnr. 8u°.3 W. 
 
 NovEMDEB 18, 1808.— Fifth Encampment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 H. 
 
 7 
 
 33 It 
 
 m. 
 
 8 
 
 53 
 
 
 32 43 30 
 
 29. 9 S. 58° AV. by C. 
 9 S. 80° W. by C. 
 Lilt. 60° .'.O' N. 
 Vnr. 8e°.7 W. 
 
 NovEMnEH 19, 1808.— Sixth Encampment. 
 
 ni. 
 11 
 
 24 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 44 51 
 
 45 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 2 -J/. I.e. -2' 30". 
 If. S. 60° W. by C. 
 •Jf S. COO W. by C. 
 Ti S. 72° W. by C. 
 Ther. + 18°. 
 Lat, 07° 1' N. 
 Var. 8a°.4 W. 
 
 November 20, 1868.— Seventh Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 8. o ' " ' 
 9 14 25 j 45 3 2 T/. T/ N. 70° W. by C. 
 
 Lnt. 60° .-|«'.5 N. 
 
 Var. 83°.6 W. 
 
 JTovemueb 21, 1808.- Eighth Encampment. 
 
 ll. m. 
 
 s. 
 
 7 22 
 
 no 
 
 35 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 // 
 
 40 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 30 
 
 2-!/. i; S. 90° W. bv C. 
 Lat. 67° N. 
 Var. 83° W. 
 
 Novemder 23, 1808.— Eighth Encampment. 
 
 Novemuer 23, 1868.— Eighth Encampment— Continued. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 
 7 20 
 
 8 25 
 
 14 30 
 
 7 30 30 
 41 46 
 
 7 33 53 
 44 20 
 
 // ' 
 32 12 
 
 8 
 
 3 30 
 
 40 .'iO 
 47 
 
 40 53 30 
 
 48 
 
 2 ^. Small sextant. 
 I. C. - 2' 30". 
 
 2 1/. Largo aoxtant. 
 Lat. 07° O'.l N. 
 
 2 11. Small Roxtnnt. 
 1/ N. 9<)° W. by C. 
 Lnt. 07° 0' N. 
 Var. 87°.5 "W. 
 
 Novemuer 20, 1808.- Ninth = Fourth Encampment. 
 
 46 
 
 ."iO 
 49 
 43 
 37 
 
 T/ N. 90° TV. by C. 
 Lnt. 00° 57'.8 N^ 
 Var. 84°.5 W. 
 
 April 13, 1869. — West side Pelly Bay. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 55 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 45 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 o t 
 
 /I 
 
 00 55 
 
 20? 
 
 50 
 
 30? 
 
 48 
 
 30 
 
 45 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 2 Q. On 30', off 35'. 
 (5. 80° W. by C. 
 S. 87° W. liy C. 
 S. 89° W. bV C. 
 O S. 89° W. by C. 
 S. 90° W. by e. 
 Lat. 08° 30' N. 
 
 Eighteenth Encampment. 
 
 ni. 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 49 
 
 39 41 
 
 38 
 
 
 20 
 
 2 0. On 21' 30", off 43' 30". 
 
 © N. 34° W. by C. 
 
 N. 34° W. by C. 
 
 N. 33° ^Y. by C. 
 
 Tlier. - 12°. 
 
 (;iiron. slow on L. M. T. 9" 4'. 
 
 Mag. vnr. 82°.8 W. 
 
 April 21, 1809.— Twentieth Encampment. 
 
 !1 
 
 ll. ni. 
 
 s. 
 
 6 41 
 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 7 6 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 2^. LC.-2';)0". 
 » S. 83° AV. by C. 
 Lnrgo sextnnt. 
 Lat. 67° N. 
 
 in. 
 
 fl. 
 
 47 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 ,5() 
 
 30 
 
 2 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 38 
 
 35 
 
 .TO 
 
 57 
 
 44 
 
 
 47 
 
 
 51 
 
 15 
 
 60 30 
 
 31) 
 3ij 
 3fi 
 
 35 15 
 33 30 
 29 30 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 •i: 
 
 2 0. On 33', off 31'. 
 C-) S. 6.")° W. by C. 
 S. 07° W. by C. 
 S. 72° W. by C. 
 S. 74° AV. by C. 
 S. 70° AV. by C. 
 S. 80^ AV. by C. 
 S. fii'.° AV. by C. 
 Lat. 68° 31'.1 N. 
 
 2 0. 
 
 N. 1.-)° AV. by C. 
 
 N. 13° AV. by C. 
 
 N. 12° AV. b'y C. 
 
 CO N. 11° AV. by C. 
 
 Ciliron. fast on L. M. T. 3" 41'. 
 
 Var. 70O.0 AV. 
 
 j . 1 
 
I'l 
 
 ir: 
 
 iin:i 
 
 •,;,*■ 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ^!| 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !;l 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 474 IlaWs Astronomical Observations, 1869. 
 
 AatroHomiml ob/icrvatioHH iiiadv during the years 1864-'69 — Continued. 
 
 AFIIII. 20, 1800.— TWESTV-TinilD Kncami-ment. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 41 
 
 43 
 
 
 45 
 
 25 
 
 
 4U 
 
 45 
 
 
 55 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 
 S 
 
 4S 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 45 
 
 
 20 
 
 45 
 
 I 
 
 00 40 
 
 4» 
 51 
 55 
 66 
 54 
 51 
 44 
 42 
 
 45 33 
 
 48 20 
 
 fll 25 
 
 57 25 
 
 58 44 
 2 
 
 27 45 
 
 16 
 
 20 42 
 
 25 30 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 2Q. On 32', off 32'. 
 
 CO 8. 510 "W. l>v C. , 
 
 & 8. 52° W. by C. 
 
 S. 5.3° W. by C. 
 
 p S. M° W. b'v C. 
 
 S. 57° W. by 0. 
 
 O S. 57° W. by C. 
 
 S. 51)o W. bv C. 
 
 6 S. 00° W. by C. 
 
 0S. 50°(?)'\V. byC. 
 
 Lnt. 08° 2U'.9 N. 
 
 2 0- ON. 27° W. by C. 
 ©N. 20° W. bvC. 
 N. 2.'>o W. bv C. 
 Cliron. fast on M. L. T. 1" SS-. 
 Var.01o.3W. 
 
 ArillL 28, 1800.— TWBNTT-FOUBTH EnCAMPMBNT. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 H. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 30 
 
 08 35 
 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 18 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 07 51 
 
 2 0. On 32'. off 32'. 
 S. 87° ^V. by C. 
 S. 880 W. by C. 
 
 S. Oflo -W. by C. 
 
 Chron. slow on L. M. T. 38" 8>. 
 
 Lat. 08O 38' N. 
 
 May 13, 1809.— TmuTiKTii Encampment. 
 
 b. in. 
 
 70 45 
 
 4b 
 
 
 45 
 
 30 
 
 45 
 
 30 
 
 44 
 
 30 
 
 41 45 
 
 2 0. On 31' 30", off 32' 30" 
 015. 40° E. by C. 
 CO 8. 450 E. by C. 
 S. 4.10 E. bv C. 
 S. 430 E. bv C. 
 S. 40° E by C. 
 As. lon«. a- ab" 40' W. 
 Lat. B80 23'.8 N. 
 
 May 10, 1809.— Thirty-first Encampment. 
 
 b. m. 8. 
 
 o 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 23 
 25 
 25 
 
 0. Sea horizon. I 
 8. 47° W. by C. 
 O 8. 450 W. by C. 
 S. 430 W. bv C. 
 O S. 410 W.Uy 0. 
 S. 420 (>) w^. by C 
 Ar. lonu. 01' 18™ W. 
 Lnt. 08° 32'.2 N. 
 
 C. + 4'. 
 
 May 23, I860.— THinTY-Fimi Encampmknt. 
 
 b. m. 8. 
 
 83 38 
 
 89 
 40 
 41 
 39 
 
 30 
 
 2 0. On 26', off 37'. 
 8. 61° W. bv C. 
 O S. 02° W. by C. 
 
 S. 04° ^Y. by C. 
 8. OCo W. bv 0. 
 Aa. long. C' 10™ W. 
 Lat. 08° 33'. 1 N. 
 
 June 4, i860.— FonTY-FinsT Encampment. 
 
 h. m. 8. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 It 
 
 88 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 18 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 ^o^; 
 
 On 27', off 37'. 
 7r.°W. byC. 
 S. 70° W. by C. 
 S. 77° W. b'v C. 
 S. 80° W. by C. 
 As. long. 5'' 55"' W. 
 Lilt. 08° 2'.1 N. 
 
 July 31, 1869.— Low-tidb Encampment. 
 
 h. in. 
 
 82 SO 
 
 48 
 46 
 44 
 38 
 35 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 2 0. On 31', off 32' 30". 
 QS. .50° W. by C. 
 S. 0«° W. b'v V. 
 S. 01° W. by C. 
 8. 02° W. by C. 
 8. 0;t° W. b'y C. 
 8. 04° W. bv C. 
 8. 05JO W. by 0. 
 Aa. long. 5I' 40"i 40* W. 
 Lat. 06° 29'.3 N. 
 
 August 3, 1860.— Same place. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 81 
 
 4 
 
 It 
 
 8 
 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 2Q. On 32', off 31'. 
 
 Lat. 06° 29' .5 X. 
 
 August 19, 1869.- Neau 'Whalk Point. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 8. 
 
 11 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 40 
 
 
 63 
 
 15 
 
 
 58 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 45 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 25 
 
 
 17 
 
 40 
 
 75 53 
 
 76 
 
 56 30 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 75 58 
 56 
 
 2 0. On 33' 30', off 30' 30". 
 
 0^. 29° W. by C. 
 
 O 8. 30° W. by C. 
 
 O 8. 314° W. W C. 
 
 S. 33^ \V. by 0. 
 
 8. 34° W. by C. 
 
 8. 35° W. b'y C. 
 
 8. 3(i°W. bVO. 
 
 8. 38° W. by V. 
 
 © 8. 39i W. bv C. 
 
 As. long. 5I' 51™ 40" W. 
 
 Lat. 64° 21' .7 N. 
 
 August 20, i860.— Same place. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 8. 
 
 4 21 
 
 35 
 
 24 
 
 37 
 
 27 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 43 11 
 
 42 32 
 
 
 
 2 Q. On 33' 30". off 30* 30". 
 
 0N. 70°\V. byC. 
 
 WatcU slow on L. M. T. 30'. 
 
 Vnr. 340.2 W. 
 
 August 29, 1869.— Kowe's 'Wblcomb. 
 
 h. m. B. 
 
 ' 
 35 35 
 
 0. Soa horizon. I. C. - 2' 30". 
 Altitude of ovo, 14 feet. 
 Aa. long. 5I' 52'" 20» W. 
 Lat. 03° 27'.3 N. 
 
JIaWs Astronomical Observations, 1839. 
 
 Mro,onucal obsen,atio„>, r,uide d,inng the years 18f,4-'r,9-Continue(l. 
 
 475 
 
 August 30, i860.— KowE'a WBtcoMB. 
 
 SBPTBMUKR 6, 1800.— nUDBON'8 STHAIT. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 H. 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 
 44 
 
 40 
 
 
 47 
 
 :io 
 
 
 50 
 
 30 
 
 
 54 
 
 15 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 35 30 30 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 31 
 30 
 
 Q. I.e. -2' 30". 
 Kyo nbnvo sc», 14 fpfit. 
 A'g. long. !^ 45" 42" W. 
 
 Lat. 63" 8'.0 K. 
 
 Skptkmbicr 2, 1869.— Hudson's Strait. 
 
 h. 
 
 m. 
 
 R. 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 20 
 35 
 
 
 O ' 
 
 26 44 
 
 35 35 
 35 
 
 Q. I. 0.-3'. Dip -3' 40". 
 Watch8lowonL.M.T.57™2'. 
 
 As. Ions- ^^ 30" 4* "W. 
 Lat. 60° 54' .9 N. 
 
 SKPTBMBBR 6, 1869.— nUDSON'B STRAIT. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 o ' 
 ?4 32 
 
 Q. Soa horizon. I. C. - 3'. 
 As. long. 5k 10" 40- W. 
 Dip - f. 
 Lat. 630 5/ K. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 11 16 15 
 
 25 25 
 
 o f " 
 
 35 40 30 
 
 42 
 
 Q. I.e. -3', 
 EvoJ 
 
 ^'vo^bovo soft, 12 foot. 
 As. long. 41' 8" W. 
 Lat. 60° 20'.8 N. 
 
 , . 
 
 
 
 ''1 
 
 
 • 
 
•^ ,w..v»i>-v«f*-v<,^-v< f m "•< ' p niv"irir^"'*"»w»i'^''(ui"«pj^pif-'Trnjjw^""'^f-i". H *"»"'>F^^i« wmwmtfff^nw 'v» K f^mww-mfV^^^r^^'mfftiV y\%f^mmm}f 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 wi 
 
 ''ii';iii 
 
 _L 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL KEPT BY MR. C. F. HALL ON HIS SECOND 
 ARCTIC EXPEDITION, .lULY, 1864-APRIL, 1869. 
 
 ^■f: 
 
 
li 
 
 
 i| i: 
 
 >':: 
 
 111 
 
 il:: 
 
 v§ 
 
T 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 HALL'S METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL, 1864-09. 
 
 Tahulatbo nv Mu. R. W. D. Huyan, 
 
 Afimnlnnt in the preparation of thin Karralive, under the nrdem of the. Navy Department. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL. t 
 
 Locality. 
 
 T)aU: 
 
 Tlicr. 
 
 Monti- 
 cello's 
 mercu- 
 rial 
 Barom. 
 
 In. 
 
 20.80 
 .84 
 .00 
 .97 
 .05 
 .00 
 .88 
 .80 
 .80 
 .83 
 .80 
 .78 
 .80 
 .80 
 
 20.97 
 
 AVind.; 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Atwa* 
 
 1804. 
 
 July 5, 7 11. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 0, 7 B. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 7, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 a, 7 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 9, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 10,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 30, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 31, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 Aug. 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 2, 7 a. ui. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. III. 
 
 o 
 
 04 
 
 08 
 
 05 
 
 07 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 00 
 
 04 
 
 08 
 
 58 
 
 54 
 
 57 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 Fog; roin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lat. 42oi,VN. 
 Loug. 500 37' AV. 
 
 Lat. 42° 40' N. 
 Long. 540 50' AV. 
 
 Lat. 430 18' N. 
 Long. 530 15' AV^. 
 
 Lat. 52° 27' N. 
 Loug. 590 50' AV. 
 
 Lat. 01^ 30' N. 
 Long. 070 00' AV. 
 
 Davis Strait. 
 Lat. 01037' N. 
 Long. 070 17' AV. 
 
 Lat. 010 38' N. 
 Long. 070 34' AV. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 34' 
 34 
 
 ■■'35' 
 30 
 33 
 
 31 
 37 
 31 
 32 
 35 
 32 
 
 29. 26' 
 .30 
 .50 
 .02 
 .75 
 
 20.71 
 
 ESE.'.'iFreHli. '"""''['''. 
 
 ENE....Gale. 
 E.byN.-.Galo. 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 Calm 'IIazy;cleir 
 
 Culm 1 llazy; ch'ar 
 
 AVNAV 2 I Hazv; clear 
 
 AV.by N....5 Ilnzv 
 
 AV. byN....4 1 Cloudy . ... 
 .SAV 4 1 .. do 
 
 1 
 
 Aneroid 
 Bar. 
 
 29.75 
 .74 
 .73 
 .08 
 .00 
 .04 
 
 *Hall sailed from Nor "ondon, on board the bark Monticello, July 1,1804. Observations were generally 
 made thrieo daily, viz, a " loon, and p. m. 
 
 t The defective com "his instruments is frcciuently refciTcd to in tho preceding pages of the Narrative. 
 
 t Figures to denote .^o.. co of tho wind : 0, ciilm; 1, light air; 2, light breeze; 3, gentle bieeze; 4, moderate 
 breeze; 5, fresh breeze; 0, strong breeze ; 7, moderate galo; 8, fresh gale; 0, strong gale; 10, whole gale; 11, 
 storm ; 12, hurricane. 
 
 479 
 
480 
 
 '•'■¥ 
 
 it 
 
 
 //a^rs Meteorological Journal, 1864-69. 
 
 August, 1864. 
 
 Lncnlity. 
 
 T)iivi» Stinit. 
 r.at. 01° 35' N. 
 iLoiiK. 07° 51' W. 
 
 iLat. 01°;iO' H. 
 'LouK.680 08' W. 
 
 Lat. 01° 42' N. 
 ILciur. 08° 28' W. 
 
 Lat, 01° 48' N. 
 Long. 08° 43' W. 
 
 Lat. 02° 01' N. 
 Long. 09° 00' W. 
 
 Lat. 02° 10' N. 
 Loug. 70° 40' W. 
 
 ■Lat. 02° 43' N. 
 ■Long. 72° 33' W. 
 
 ILat. 03° 48' N. 
 JLoug. 75° 00' AV. 
 
 jLat. C3O07' N. 
 iLong. 7V° 08' W. 
 
 Lat. 02° 24' N. 
 Long. 79° 34' W. 
 
 Lat. 01° 43' N. 
 Long. 82° 00' W. 
 
 Lat. 00° 59' N. 
 Loug. 84° 27' W. 
 
 Lat. 01° 33' N. 
 Long. 85° 10' W. 
 
 Lat. 620 14' N. 
 Long 
 
 Lat. 02° 08' N, 
 Loug. 88° 40' W 
 
 Lat. 02° 09' N 
 Long. 90° 20' "\V 
 
 Lat. 62° 44' N, 
 Loug. 89° 40' AV 
 
 Depot Inland. 
 Lilt. 03° 47' N. 
 Loug. 89° 51' W. 
 1)0 
 
 Date. 
 
 An; 
 
 Do 
 Do 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 1804. 
 
 ;. 3, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 4, 7 u. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 ]). m. 
 
 5, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 0, 7 a. ni. 
 
 lu. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 7, 7 a. ui. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 8, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 j>. ni. 
 
 9,7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 10, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 11,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 12, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 13, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 14, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 , m. 
 . in. 
 
 in. 
 . in. 
 . m. 
 
 m. 
 . in. 
 . ni. 
 
 ' !>• 
 15, 7 a. 1 
 ] 
 
 7 p. 1 
 10, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 17, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 18, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 19, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 TUcr. 
 
 ni. 
 ni. i 
 
 in. j 
 in. ' 
 in. i 
 in. I 
 m. 
 
 20, 7 a. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 42 
 
 
 in. 
 
 47 
 
 Tp 
 
 in. 
 
 42 
 
 21,7 a 
 
 in. 
 
 40 
 
 
 ni. 
 
 46 
 
 7]' 
 
 in. 
 
 42 
 
 22, 7 a 
 
 in. 
 
 44 
 
 
 n\. 
 
 47 
 
 ' V 
 
 in. 
 
 45 
 
 23, 7 n 
 
 Ul. 
 
 44 
 
 
 in. 
 
 47 
 
 7l> 
 
 m. 
 
 43 
 
 24, 7 a 
 
 in. 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 "P 
 
 m. 
 
 44 
 
 25, 7 II 
 
 in. 
 
 43 
 
 
 in. 
 
 ,50 
 
 7p 
 
 ni. 
 
 42 
 
 AntToWi 
 Bar. ! 
 
 AVinil. 
 
 Hky. 
 
 33 
 35 
 31 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 34 
 34 
 34 
 33 
 30 
 34 
 33 
 38 
 30 
 36 
 38 
 38 
 36 
 38 
 37 
 38 
 38 
 36 
 36 
 45 
 41 
 40 
 41 
 42 
 41 
 39 
 38 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 38 
 
 30 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 40 i 
 
 43 i 
 
 In. 
 
 29. 02 
 .,59 
 .57 
 . 25 
 .31 
 .32 
 .42 
 .50 
 .08 
 .77 
 .79 
 .84 
 .0) 
 .88 
 .85 
 .75 
 .07 
 .04 
 .,55 
 .45 
 ..38 
 .37 
 .43 
 .49 
 ..53 
 .71 
 .08 
 .02 
 ..53 
 .44 
 
 28.99 
 .89 
 
 29.20 
 
 .20 
 .26 
 .24 
 .20 
 .18 
 .22 
 .23 
 ..14 
 .32 
 .34 
 .38 
 .40 
 .45 
 .47 
 .50 
 .48 
 .47 
 .47 
 
 . ,53 
 .58 
 .00 
 .03 
 .05 
 .03 
 .06 
 .00 
 .58 
 .00 
 .01 
 
 ..50 
 .48 
 .50 
 .57 
 .05 
 
 SW 2 
 
 SW 1 
 
 SW 1 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NW.byW..5 
 NW.bvAV.O 
 N\V.liyAV..3 
 
 NNAV 3 
 
 AV. ).vN....4 
 AV. 1)VN....4 
 NAV. by AV. 5 
 
 NNAV 3 
 
 >J\V. bvAV..5 
 
 AVNAV 5 
 
 AVNAV 3 
 
 S. bvE 2 
 
 S. bvK 3 
 
 S. b'vE 1 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 ESE . . . . 
 Baffling. 
 
 SSE 
 
 SSE 
 
 Calm . . . 
 Cnlm . . . 
 
 SE 
 
 E 
 
 ENE.... 
 N 
 
 Hazy; rl'rty. 
 Uazyi cl'dy. 
 
 <lo 
 
 Fog 
 
 Thick fog... 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clonds . 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clondy 
 
 do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Few elouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Few clonda . 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fog 
 
 NAV 4 
 
 AV 4 
 
 AV. byS 5 
 
 S\V 3 
 
 S\V 3 
 
 SSAV 3 
 
 NNE 6 
 
 N 8 
 
 HA\^bvN...8 
 
 K. bvE 8 
 
 NAV' 7 
 
 NAV 5 
 
 NAV 4 
 
 NAV. by AV.. 3 
 
 Calui 
 
 NAV. by AV.. 4 
 
 AVNAV 3 
 
 AVNAV 4 
 
 Rain 
 
 ...do 
 
 Threatening 
 
 j Gloomy 
 
 I Cloudy 
 
 j do 
 
 Few elouds . 
 
 .. do 
 
 ^ Tliienlening 
 1 Overcast.... 
 
 I. ...do 
 
 i... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ' Tliieatening 
 ■ . . . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 I do 
 
 ... do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Passing showers. 
 
 Sea-water 34°. Ily. 12. 
 Sca-watcr 39°. 
 
 Soa-water 38°. Hy. 12. 
 
 Rain. 
 Rain. 
 Rain. 
 
 Misty. 
 Misty. 
 
 AV.byN 3 
 
 NAV 2 
 
 N\V 
 
 N\V.. 
 
 N\V.. 
 
 S 
 
 SSAV. 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 .... 3 
 .... 2 
 .3 
 
 S.SAV 3 
 
 E 
 
 NE 7 
 
 NE 7 
 
 NE 7 
 
 NE 4 
 
 NE 4 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 7 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 4 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast. .. 
 . . . do 
 
 Cloiuly . . . . 
 
 . . . do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Overcast... 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ....do 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 Passing showers. 
 
 Ilazy ; jiassiug showers. 
 
 llaz'v. 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 Fog. 
 Fog. 
 
 Aurora in evening. 
 
il 
 
 HaWs Meteorotoffkal Journal. 
 
 August— SKPTEMDiiU, 18G4. 
 
 481 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Ther. 
 
 'Aneroid 
 1 Bnr. 1 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 1R*i4. 
 
 Depot T8land;,Aiij;. 20,7(1. 
 OntlicTendci' 
 HpIoii V. 7 11. 
 
 Do ••i7,7a. 
 
 Do 
 
 11(1 
 
 *Stint('d from 
 Depot IhIiuhI.! 
 
 ! 
 
 I,iit. MO 11' N.| 
 iLoiiK. H83 41' W. 
 
 Landed ! 
 
 1st Eiic't. 
 iLat. «4'= I!.')' N.' 
 Long. K7° K' \V. 
 Do I 
 
 Do 
 
 • V- 
 ■M,7 a, 
 
 7 p. 
 21), 7 a, 
 
 7p 
 [W, 7 a 
 
 7l> 
 
 ;tl,7a 
 
 2d Knot. 
 Lat. tH^SO'N. 
 Louj;.»7oi,V\V. 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do 
 
 7).. 
 
 Sept. 1,7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 2, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 3, 7 a. 
 
 4, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 5, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 U, 7 a. 
 
 7p, 
 7,7 a, 
 
 7P 
 
 8,7 a 
 
 ;ul Eu<'.t. I 
 
 Lat. «40 4()'.;)N.' 
 Loiisl. 87^-14' \V. 
 Do 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do . 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 4th Enc't. I 
 Lat. 04° 4fi'.ri N. 
 LoHK. 87^ 14' \V. 
 
 7 p. 
 a, 7 a. 
 
 "1> 
 
 10, 7 a 
 
 "I'- 
 ll, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 12, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 i:),7a. 
 
 7 p. 
 14, 7 II. 
 
 7 p. 
 15, 7 n. 
 
 7 p. 
 16, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 17, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 18. 7 a. 
 
 m. 
 III. 
 III. 
 III. 
 ni. 
 III. 
 111. 
 III. 
 ni. 
 '111. 
 III. 
 III. 
 III. 
 III. 
 III. 
 ni. 
 III. 
 
 III. 
 111. 
 ni. 
 III. 
 III. 
 ni. 
 ni. 
 ni. 
 ni. 
 111. 
 in. 
 ni. 
 III. 
 in. 
 in. 
 ni. 
 ni. 
 ni. 
 ni. 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 . in. 
 
 III. 
 . ni. 
 . in. 
 
 ni. 
 . in. 
 . ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 III. 
 
 in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 ni. 
 
 in. 
 ni. 
 
 7p 
 
 41 i 
 
 r>o i 
 
 4« ! 
 
 42 '■ 
 ,12 i 
 44 
 40 
 
 44 I 
 42 
 
 43 , 
 52 
 40 
 40 
 53 
 40 
 
 48 I 
 38 I 
 
 35 
 37 
 48 
 4U 
 
 47 ■ 
 37 
 38 
 
 45 ' 
 38 
 41 
 48 
 30 
 
 40 ' 
 
 .54 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 50 
 
 41 
 
 30 
 
 49 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 25 
 
 47 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 42 
 
 38 
 
 35 
 
 38 
 
 30 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 .24 
 
 31 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 28 
 
 In. 
 20.74 
 .70 
 .68 
 .50 
 .48 
 ..56 
 .68 
 .68 
 .70 
 .60 
 
 .06 ; 
 
 .68 
 .75 
 .80 
 .81 
 .96 
 .94 
 30.06 
 
 30.00 
 .12 
 .18 
 .20 
 .22 
 .24 
 .27 
 ' .25 
 .37 
 .40 
 .40 
 .40 
 .41 
 . 35 
 .00 
 29. 93 
 .88 
 .88 
 .88 
 .70 
 .84 
 30.02 
 .06 
 .14 
 
 ' .14 
 
 .10 
 
 .02 
 
 29.00 
 
 .93 
 
 , .03 
 
 ' .89 
 
 .05 
 
 I .79 
 
 ' .73 
 
 .73 
 
 i .54 
 
 .32 
 
 .20 
 
 .01 
 
 28.98 
 
 29. 04 
 
 .04 
 
 NK 5 
 
 1 NE 4 
 
 SE 1 
 
 S 3 
 
 I N\V .4 
 
 IN 3 
 
 : NNW. ... 5 
 
 I NNW 4 
 
 I NNW. 
 
 Re in arts. 
 
 NE 
 
 NE. by E. 
 
 S 
 
 NNW. ... 
 
 N W 
 
 S. by E . . . 
 N .'... 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 do ' Fop. 
 
 Cloudy I "Fogeater" morn, but disnp- 
 
 Fow eloudu peared at 8. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 Cloudy I Hazy. 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 . . do Aurora 12 p. in., Hue. 
 
 Cloudy . . . Hazy. 
 Few clouds 
 
 .. do Aurora. 
 
 Cloudy Hazy. 
 
 Few clouds 1 
 ...do I 
 
 .34 
 . 65 
 .84 
 .74 
 .78 
 .76 
 .70 
 .02 
 .46 
 .45 
 .32 
 
 S 4 
 
 S 5 
 
 S 5 
 
 WSW 4 
 
 S 5 
 
 S 5 
 
 SW.... 4 
 
 SSW 3 
 
 S 3 
 
 S 3 
 
 WSW 5 
 
 SW 
 
 S 4 
 
 S 5 
 
 S 
 
 : S 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 I N 
 
 E 
 
 NE.... 
 
 N 
 
 E. by N 
 
 N 
 
 \ NE.... 
 ' NE . . . . 
 
 W 
 
 W 
 
 N. by W... 
 
 SW ..■- 
 
 SW 3 
 
 SSW. 3 
 
 SW 2 
 
 i SSW 2 
 
 i S.byW 4 
 
 S. by W 4 
 
 ' E 3 
 
 ESE 5 
 
 ESE ..... 2 
 
 SSW 2 
 
 ' S 3 
 
 NW 2 
 
 N. byAV. ..5 
 
 N 7 
 
 N 5 
 
 I N. by W. 
 
 NW' 
 
 NNW. .. 
 NNE ... 
 W. bvN. 
 WS\V. . . . 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 p:se 
 
 Cloudy i 
 
 . . do 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds I 
 
 . . do ..... 
 
 ...do I 
 
 ...do 1 
 
 Threatening i 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ....do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clonds 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fi'W clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 Fog; misty . 
 
 Misty 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Misty 
 
 ... do 
 
 . . . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 Overcast — 
 
 .. do 
 
 . . do 
 
 Misty. 
 
 [arranged, but reset. 
 The barometer capsized and dis- 
 
 Ilazv. 
 Hazy. 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 Threatening. 
 
 Threatening. 
 
 This morn spit snow. 
 
 Hazy. ) Encainiitnents Niw. 3,4, .5, 
 Hnz'y. > 0, and 7 were all in the 
 Hazy. ) locality called Noowook. 
 
 Itaiii one hour in tlii! ni^hl. 
 
 Thick fog. 
 
 Kain. 
 
 Uain and ' avy sen. 
 Rain diiriug night. 
 Fog. 
 
 3 p. 111. ring around sun. 
 
i 
 
 482 
 
 HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 Septembek— October, 18C4 
 
 i:i^ \l 
 
 '"I 
 I 
 
 ''il 
 
 11-: 
 
 :i : 
 
 k 
 
 :l 
 
 111 
 
 
 ii:!/fc 
 
 III 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 1864. 
 4thEuc't. I Sfipt.l9,7a. m. 
 Lat. 04O4G.5N.I m. 
 
 Long.87°14' W.I 7 p.m. 
 
 i)o I 20, 7 II . in. 
 
 m. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do.... 
 Do.... 
 Do.... 
 Do .... 
 Do... 
 Do.... 
 Do... 
 Do... 
 Do... 
 Do ... 
 Do... 
 Do ... 
 Do .. 
 
 Moved to 5th 
 
 Enc't. 
 Lat. 04O4C'.3N. 
 LonE.87°14' W.\ 
 Do I 
 
 .1 Oct. 
 
 21,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7]). m. 
 
 22, 7 a. m. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 23, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 24, 7 a. m. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 25, 7 a. III. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 26, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 27, 7 a. III. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 28, 7 a. III. 
 
 III. 
 7 p. III. 
 
 29, 7 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 30, 7 II. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. III. 
 
 1,0 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 6 p.m. 
 
 2, a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 6 p.m. 
 
 3, 6 a. III. 
 
 m. 
 
 1>. 111. 
 
 4,0 a. III. 
 
 III. 
 
 () p. m. 
 
 .^ Un. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 p. m. 
 
 6, a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 p. ni. 
 
 7, a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 6 p. m. 
 
 8,0 a.m. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Ther 
 
 Aneroid 
 Bar. 
 
 30 
 30 
 30 
 
 28 
 32 
 28 
 
 20 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 32 
 35 
 30 
 32 
 33 
 35 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 
 30 
 29 
 31 
 30 
 27 
 
 29 i 
 28 
 25 
 28 
 20 
 20 
 32 
 30 
 32 
 32 
 33 
 32 
 
 30 { 
 34 ' 
 32 
 
 32 I 
 30 I 
 22 i 
 20 1 
 
 24 : 
 
 24 t 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 401 ! 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 m. 
 p.m. 
 
 10 
 
 
 9, On, 111. 
 
 10 
 
 m. 
 
 20 
 
 p.m. 
 
 10 
 
 10, a. m. 
 
 17 
 
 m. 
 
 17 
 
 p.m. 
 
 16 
 
 11, 6 a. m. 
 
 16 
 
 m. 
 
 11 
 
 6 p.m. 
 
 12 
 
 In. 
 
 29.28 
 .30 
 .48 
 .04 
 .70 
 .73 
 
 .07 
 .02 
 .62 
 .57 
 .58 
 .58 
 .59 
 .58 
 .60 
 .58 
 .50 
 .58 
 .58 
 .50 
 
 .41 
 
 .38 
 .30 
 .35 
 .50 
 .49 
 .45 
 .41 
 .34 
 .40 
 .56 
 .58 
 .00 
 .52 
 .49 
 .46 
 .48 
 .44 
 .44 
 .47 
 .51 
 .61 
 .64 
 .55 
 .50 
 .44 
 .45 
 .44 
 .02 
 
 28.76 
 .56 
 .90 
 .90 
 
 29. 02 
 .20 
 .40 
 .50 
 .63 
 .00 
 .04 
 .50 
 .01 
 .58 
 
 Wind. 
 
 NE 2 
 
 NE. byE...3 
 NE. byE...5 
 
 NE..'. 4 
 
 N 4 
 
 N 5 
 
 N 5 
 
 N 6 
 
 N 5 
 
 NNE 6 
 
 N. byE 4 
 
 N 2 
 
 S 1 
 
 S 1 
 
 Calm 
 
 S. by W 1 
 
 SW 1 
 
 Calm 
 
 NE 2 
 
 NNE 6 
 
 N 7 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NW 
 NAV 
 N. bvW....2 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 N 5 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NW. by N 
 
 NW 
 
 W 
 
 SW 
 
 SW 
 
 s 
 
 SSE 
 
 NNE 1 
 
 S. by E . . . . 1 
 
 SE 
 
 SSE 
 
 S 
 
 NW... 
 N. by W 
 NW ... 
 NNE ... 
 S. bv W. 
 SW' .... 
 SW... . 
 
 SE 
 
 E U 
 
 NE 9 
 
 NNW 10 
 
 WNW 11 
 
 NW 9 
 
 NW 8 
 
 Sky. 
 
 NW, 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW, 
 NW, 
 NW 
 
 ENE 3 
 
 NE 3 
 
 N. bvE 4 
 
 Overcast. 
 ...do .... 
 Cloudy . . 
 
 — do 
 
 Overcast. 
 Cloudy . . 
 
 Overcast. 
 
 Misty 
 
 — do 
 
 Gloomy . . 
 Overcast. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do .... 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do .... 
 ...do .... 
 Cloudy . 
 
 . . . do 
 
 Overcast. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Ov» rcast . . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clondy 
 
 — do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Fog 
 
 Few clouds 
 Overcast .. 
 
 FoK 
 
 Kain 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few ciouds . 
 Over<'a.st . . 
 
 . . do 
 
 . do 
 
 . . do 
 
 J 'ivy snow. 
 
 Bemarks. 
 
 Snow-squalls in afternoon. Au- 
 rora at night. 
 Light snow. 
 
 Snow and rain. 
 
 Spit snow now and then. 
 
 Spit snow. [night. 
 
 Spit sniiw J in. Snow during tlio 
 
 Snow. Sun out for one hour this 
 a. va. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow began 1p.m. 
 
 ...do 
 
 Snow-drift . . 
 ...do 
 
 do ....... 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ..do 
 
 j Clear 
 
 ! Overcast... 
 I Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 a. ni . I'og ileared. 
 Boaiitifiil weather. 
 4 p. III. began to cloud up. 
 Kain during night. 
 Kain began at 9 a. m., ceased nt 
 [2 p.m. 
 Hazy. 
 
 Spitting snow. 
 Spitting snow. 
 Spitting snovv'. 
 Gulu with snow began at midnight, 
 
 Gale ceased at 7. 
 
 Ther. lowest in the night, 3". 
 
 At 7 p. m. fine rniu. Ther. 16°. 
 
 Heavy snow began at 6 n. m. 
 Heavy snow. 
 Heavy snow. 
 Snow-drift. 
 
 I III 
 
 ( : 
 
 «i 
 
HalVs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 October— NovEMBKR, 1864. 
 
 483 
 
 ■1' . 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Th.r. 
 
 Aueioid 
 Hai-. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. I 
 
 KoinnrkH 
 
 i .'itli Enc't. 
 iLat. 64O40'.3N. 
 Lou''. 870 14' W. 
 JJo... 
 
 ■i 
 
 1)0 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Oct.l'J.On. 111. 
 m. 
 Op. 111. 
 13,6 a. ni. 
 lu. 
 6]>. m. 
 14,0 a. m. 
 m. 
 fill. ni. 
 15, 6 n. III. 
 tn. 
 Op. ni. 
 16,6 a. ID. 
 m. 
 6 p. m. 
 17,6 a. m. 
 m. 
 6 p. tn. 
 18, 6 a. m. 
 m. 
 
 6 p. 
 10, 8 n. 
 
 Op. 
 
 20, u. 
 
 Gp. 
 
 21, u. 
 
 Op. 
 
 22, u. ] 
 24. 6 p. 1 
 2.-),0a. I 
 
 1 
 
 Op. 1 
 
 20,0 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 Op. 1 
 
 27, 6 u. 1 
 
 1 
 
 6p. 1 
 
 2R, 6 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 6p. 1 
 
 20, 6 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 Op. 1 
 
 30, a. I 
 
 1 
 
 Op. 1 
 
 31,6 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 Op. 
 
 Do I Nov. 1,7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 . in. 
 
 Do I 2, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 . • iJ- 
 
 Do I 3,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 . . m. 
 
 Do I 4, 7 a. ni. 
 
 m. 
 . m. 
 
 Do ' 6, 7ii. ni. 
 
 m. 
 . m. 
 
 7p. 1 
 
 2, 7 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 7p.i 
 
 3, 7 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 7p.i 
 
 4, 7 a. 1 
 
 1 
 
 7p.i 
 
 6, 7 a. 1 
 
 7 p. 
 
 12 
 13 
 20 
 30 
 28 
 27 
 30 
 28 
 30 
 32 
 31 
 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 12 
 
 2 
 20 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 • 3 
 3 
 
 • 5 
 
 • 15 
 . 
 . 15 
 
 ■ 20 
 
 ■ 20 
 . 10 
 . 18 
 
 21 
 
 • 21 
 
 ■ 10 
 
 ■ 12 
 
 • 7 
 1 
 
 
 . 7 
 . 2 
 ' 10 
 
 l 
 10 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 ' 14 
 3 
 15 
 17 
 25 
 28 
 25 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1.5 
 10 
 
 • '•'> 
 
 • 31 
 30 
 15 
 
 • 2 
 2 
 
 13 
 7 
 
 In. 
 
 20.00 
 .08 
 .08 
 
 30.00 
 .00 
 .02 
 
 20.00 
 .00 
 
 30.00 
 .02 
 .01 
 .03 
 .18 
 .21 
 .24 
 .24 
 .10 
 .16 
 .22 
 .20 
 
 ! .36 
 
 .26 
 
 20.00 
 
 .70 
 
 ' .00 
 30.00 
 
 I 20.04 
 .70 
 . 65 
 
 . .62 
 
 .00 
 
 .00 
 
 30.30 
 
 : .47 
 .56 
 .60 
 
 , .60 
 .60 
 
 I .52 
 .46 
 .42 
 .45 
 
 ' . 45 
 .46 
 
 I .46 
 
 ! .44 
 .42 
 .32 
 .32 
 .22 
 .06 
 .00 
 20.87 
 .40 
 .20 
 .IK 
 .10 
 .10 
 .18 
 
 1 -^ 
 
 . . 2:> 
 
 ' .36 
 .30 
 
 ! .10 
 I .10 
 I .12 
 
 N 
 
 K 
 
 N. bvE... 
 
 SE ." 
 
 SE 
 
 SSE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SSE 
 
 SE 
 
 SSE 
 
 S. by E . . . 
 
 NE'. 
 
 N. bvE... 
 
 NNW 
 
 SW 
 
 WSW. 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 X. byE 4 
 
 N.byE 6 
 
 j 
 
 I N 
 
 : SW 2 
 
 I SW 7 
 
 I NNW 
 
 I XNW 8 
 
 , NNW 8 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 I N. liyE :t 
 
 1 N 3 
 
 I N 5 
 
 ! N. bvW. . 3 
 
 Cloudy .... : 
 
 Overcast — I 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 l--..<lo I 
 
 i....do ! 
 
 j.-..do 
 
 I Few clouds . 
 
 ... do 
 
 '....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 i do 
 
 I . . do 
 
 Overcast . . 
 ! Cloudy 
 
 Lijiht snow between and lU a. in. 
 
 Snow beg.'iii at 2 p. m. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow, less than i inch. 
 
 NNW. 
 
 N 5 
 
 N. bvE ...3 
 
 N..." 2 
 
 N 2 
 
 N.byE 4 
 
 N.byE... 3 
 
 N 2 
 
 N. byE.... 2 
 
 N 4 
 
 NNE 2 
 
 N. by W....1 
 N. by W... 3 
 
 N 2 
 
 N 3 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 N 1 
 
 Calm 
 
 W 1 
 
 SW 3 
 
 S 2 
 
 SW 4 
 
 S. liy W 
 
 SAV 8 
 
 WSW 5 
 
 SW 4 
 
 WSW 5 
 
 SW 5 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 N. I)V E . . 
 
 NE 
 
 N. by W.. 
 
 N 
 
 E 
 
 Few eloiuls 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overeiist .. 
 
 . . . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 . do 
 
 Cloudy . ... 
 
 ..do 
 
 Few clouds . , 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do I 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds 
 . . do . . . 
 Overcast ... 
 Cloudy . . . 
 
 Clear '. 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 Overcast .... 
 
 .. do I 
 
 .. do > 
 
 ...do 
 
 Snow 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 . . do 
 
 Fi «■ clouds ., 
 
 do i 
 
 Overcast ' 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do : 
 
 Snow-drift . ' 
 Overcast . . I 
 Cloudy ....] 
 
 do" 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Tliick ' "Irost smoke " and "log- 
 eater" (foj; bow) this a m. 
 Aurora. "Frost-smoke" tillOji. in. 
 Same as inoinin};<d 16tb. ' 
 
 Aurora. | 
 
 Between 2 and 3 p. ui. snow tell. 
 The laif^e therm<mieteis stand I 
 this evening, oiii' at .">°, the I 
 other at 0°, while two small \ 
 ones stand at 11°. 1 must keep j 
 register of each separately. 
 Aurora. 
 
 Snow began a. m. and ended 5 i 
 [p. m. I 
 Snow-drift. 
 Snow.diift. 
 Aurora, dale ended at 4 \). m. 
 
 Aurora. 
 [No record.] 
 
 Aurora not so line as usual. 
 
 Aurora not so tine as usual. 
 
 1 p. m., sun-dogs. 
 Aurora. 
 
 Fog. "Fog-eater" (fog-bow) at 
 m. and for some time p. m. Fog 
 or frost-smoke nearly all day. 
 
 Snow-drift. 
 
 Aurora. Ther. lowest + 26°. 
 
 Snow. Aurora. 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Sun shining from 11 a. m. to2p. m. 
 througli Hvins drill and falling 
 snow lip ):iiil r.ii-iiut trom laiiil. 
 
I'i 
 
 !!i 
 
 11 
 
 jiti 
 liii 
 
 l!l ■ 
 
 I i' 
 
 V, 
 
 484 
 
 HalVs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 November, 1864. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thcr. 
 
 Aneroid 
 Bur. I 
 
 Stli Eiic't. 
 Lat. (vJ0 46'.;iN. 
 Loiii;.87°U'W. 
 l)o 
 
 Do.. 
 Do.. 
 Do.. 
 Do.. 
 Do.. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 fltli Enc't onn 
 miloaoutliof 
 5tli Enc't. 1 
 
 Lat. 64° 45' .8 N. 
 
 Long. 87° 20' W. 
 
 Do. 
 
 J 804. 
 
 Nov. fl, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 J), m. 
 
 7,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 8, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 9, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 10,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 11, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 12,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 13,7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 14, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 15, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 16, 7 a. m. 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 17, 7 b. m. 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 18, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 1 19,7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 "Wiiirt. 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 — 
 
 — 3 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 1.5 
 —12 
 —24 
 
 — 0.5 
 —25 
 —25 
 —10 
 —24 
 —20 
 —11. 5 
 —18. 5 
 —22. 5 
 —19.5 
 —22.5 
 -29. 5 
 —10 
 —27 
 —21.5 
 —14. 5 
 
 — 8 
 —15. 5 
 — U 
 
 — 2.5 
 14.5 
 20 
 20 
 
 18.75 
 14 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 —11.5 
 
 — 8 
 —10 
 
 In. 
 
 29. 22 
 .28 
 .34 
 .39 
 .43 
 .34 
 .03 
 .70 
 .87 
 .01 
 .04 
 .04 
 
 30. 02 
 
 29.97 
 .85 
 .89 
 .89 
 .95 
 
 30.09 
 .13 
 .18 
 .19 
 .19 
 .19 
 .20 
 .14 
 .12 
 .11 
 .12 
 .10 
 
 29.98 
 .93 
 .86 
 
 Sky. 
 
 I 
 
 .75 
 .78 
 .84 
 
 .79 
 .78 
 .83 
 .86 
 .92 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NW 3 
 
 SW 3 
 
 SSW () 
 
 SW 4 
 
 WSW 4 
 
 NW 3 
 
 NW 5 
 
 SW 1 
 
 W 1 
 
 WNW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 \V 1 
 
 Calm 
 
 N. l>vW....3 
 N. by W . . 4 
 
 N 6 
 
 N 5 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 N. byW... 5 
 
 N 4 
 
 NNE 4 
 
 N 4 
 
 N 2 
 
 N 2 
 
 W 2 
 
 "W 2 
 
 WNW 1 
 
 WSW 2 
 
 WSW 2 
 
 SE 8 
 
 S. byE 3 
 
 SE 6 
 
 SE 7 
 
 SE 6 
 
 NNE 2 
 
 N.byE 4 
 
 N.byE 6 
 
 N.byE 4 
 
 NNfe 6 
 
 NNE 8 
 
 Bemarka. 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fow clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Kow clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 ....do 
 
 Fow clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Fow clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast ... 
 ...do 
 
 Frost-smoke 
 
 Overcast .. 
 
 ... do 
 
 . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Froat-smoke. 
 
 Aurora. 
 Aurora. 
 
 Snow-drift. 
 
 Frost-smoke. 
 Frost-smoke. 
 Fiost-smoke. 
 
 .do. 
 .do . 
 .do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Clear 
 
 Overcast. -. 
 Snow 
 
 Misty. 
 
 Snow. 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 Aurora. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 * No sign prefixed in Hall's MSS. , . ^u i r ™i :„i. e,ii ,„ 
 
 t For the first nineteen days of this month two records were kept, the second of which toUows. 
 
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 501 
 
 
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 Ther. lowest last night, 11°. 
 Snow. 
 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 11°. 
 Ther. lowest last nigbt, 8°. 
 
 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 1°. 
 
 At 3 p. m. temp, in snn's rays, 74"*. 
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 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 * The ther. was on the N . side of the sled, 
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 July — August, 1865. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thor. 3. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 WiBd. 
 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Bemarks. 
 
 
 1865. 
 
 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 
 22(1 Encamp- 
 
 July 17, 6 a. m. 
 
 42 
 
 20.01 
 
 NW 
 
 ..5 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ther. lowest last uiKht, 38°. 
 
 mont; lat.O«° 
 
 in. 
 
 47 
 
 .06 
 
 N 
 
 .4 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 lie N., long. 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 52 
 
 30.03 
 
 NNE 
 
 .1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 85° W W. 
 Do 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ther. lowest last uight, 30°. 
 
 18, a. m. 
 
 43 
 
 .10 
 
 KNE 
 
 ..1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 m. 
 
 53 
 
 .28 
 
 NNE .... 
 
 3 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 64 
 
 .33 
 
 NE 
 
 .5 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 48 
 
 .40 
 
 Calm 
 
 ... . 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 Do 
 
 10, 6 a. m. 
 
 46 
 
 .55 
 
 Calm . . . 
 
 
 Few olouda 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 40°. 
 
 
 68 
 
 .56 
 
 Calm 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 5a 
 
 .54 
 
 SSW 
 
 ..1 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 46 
 
 .52 
 
 SE 
 
 .4 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 20, 6 a. m. 
 
 44 
 
 .60 
 
 SE 
 
 .1 
 
 do 
 
 Ther. lowest htst night, 38°. 
 
 
 ra. 
 
 58 
 
 .43 
 
 SE 
 
 ..1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 
 8 p.m. 
 
 62 
 
 .37 
 
 SE 
 
 ■• 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 47 
 
 .12 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Do 
 
 21, fi a. m. 
 
 43 
 
 .24 
 
 NNW.... 
 
 .6 
 
 ... do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 44 
 
 .30 
 
 NNW.... 
 
 .6 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 44 
 
 .35 
 
 NW 
 
 .6 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 
 7p.m 
 
 42 
 
 .36 
 
 NW 
 
 ..7 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 Do 
 
 22, 6 a. m. 
 m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 38°. 
 
 ■56 
 
 .22 
 
 W 
 
 .2 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 48 
 
 .22 
 
 NW 
 
 . 3 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 46 
 
 .20 
 
 N 
 
 ..2 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 23, 6 a. m. 
 
 42 
 
 .16 
 
 NNW.... 
 
 .3 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 37°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 46 
 
 .15 
 
 W 
 
 .3 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 24, 6 a. m. 
 
 53 
 
 . 10 
 
 SE 
 
 
 ...do ... 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 .00 
 
 SE ,-- 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 Do 
 
 40 
 
 20.54 
 
 SE 
 
 .4 
 
 ...do 
 
 Fog; passing showers, thunder, 
 and lightning : ther. lowest last 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 night, 30°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 41 
 
 .50 
 
 SE 
 
 2 
 
 ... do 
 
 Fog; mistv. 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 30 
 
 .48 
 
 S 
 
 .2 
 
 ...do 
 
 Fog ; drizzling inin. 
 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 37 
 
 .48 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .5 
 
 ... do 
 
 Fog ; drizzling rain. 
 
 Do 
 
 25, G a. m. 
 
 36 
 
 .60 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 6 
 
 ...do 
 
 Fog ; thor. lowest last night, 34°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 42 
 
 .71 
 
 NW 
 
 . 6 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 
 Sp. m. 
 
 40 
 
 .80 
 
 NW 
 
 .6 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 34 
 
 .03 
 
 NW 
 
 .6 
 
 
 Do 
 
 26, 6 a. m. 
 
 36 
 
 30.08 
 
 NW 
 
 ..4 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 44 
 
 .10 
 
 NW 
 
 . 4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Drizzling rain. 
 
 
 3 ]). in. 
 
 45 
 
 .17 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .3 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drizzling rain. 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 38 
 
 .23 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 ..5 
 
 . do 
 
 Drizzling rain. 
 
 Do 
 
 27,6 a.m. 
 
 44 
 
 .80 
 
 NE 
 
 ..3 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, 34°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 47 
 
 .32 
 
 E 
 
 .1 
 
 ....do. 
 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 48 
 
 .35 
 
 SSW 
 
 .1 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 44 
 
 .44 
 
 SE 
 
 .1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 Do 
 
 28, 6 a. m. 
 
 42 
 
 .60 
 
 Calm ... 
 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 40 
 
 .44 
 
 S.SW 
 
 .1 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 40 
 
 .43 
 
 SSW .... 
 
 1 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 45 
 
 .40 
 
 SE 
 
 .2 
 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 3;i°. 
 
 Do 
 
 20, 6 a. in. 
 
 40 
 
 .3) 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .1 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 in. 
 
 5U 
 
 .13 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 4 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 52 
 
 .00 
 
 NW 
 
 -.3 
 
 ...do. 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 43 
 
 .03 
 
 NW 
 
 ..2 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 30, (1 a. ni. 
 
 36 
 
 .05 
 
 SW 
 
 ..1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 36°. 
 
 
 in. 
 
 50 
 
 .03 
 
 SSW 
 
 .2 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 50 
 
 .04 
 
 SSW 
 
 ..2 
 
 .. ..do 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 44 
 
 .06 
 
 SSW 
 
 .2 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 Do 
 
 31, 6 a. m. 
 
 43 
 
 .08 
 
 SE 
 
 .3 
 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 50 
 
 .04 
 
 SE 
 
 ..5 
 
 Clomiy 
 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 52 
 
 .02 
 
 SSW 
 
 1 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 45 
 
 .02 
 
 SW 
 
 .2 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 Aug. 1,B a. m. 
 
 40 
 
 20.04 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 
 Fog; misty; ther. lowest last 
 
 
 in. 
 
 50 
 
 .02 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 
 Fog; misty. [night,, 36°. 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 48 
 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 
 Fog. 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 45 
 
 .06 
 
 N 
 
 . 1 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Do 
 
 2, U a. m. 
 
 40 
 
 .08 
 
 NW 
 
 .4 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 35°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 47 
 
 .02 
 
 AVNW.... 
 
 3 
 
 Few cloud* . 
 
 
 
 8 p.m. 
 
 50 
 
 .02 
 
 NNE 
 
 3 
 
 . do 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 40 
 
 .02 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .5 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 
 Do 
 
 3, a. m. 
 
 30 
 
 .84 
 
 NNAV .... 
 
 .3 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Ther. lowest lost night, 30°. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 41 
 
 .82 
 
 NNW.... 
 
 .6 
 
 ..do 
 
 fiain. 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 44 
 
 .80 
 
 NW 
 
 .6 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 36 
 
 .80 
 
 NW 
 
 .6 
 
 -•lo 
 
 
 J 
 
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 11 
 
 HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 507 
 
 August, IWtiS. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 22d Enc't. 
 Loi. 60° W N. 
 Long. 85° 20' W. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 'OnJoiiiT-;-, !■> 
 
 23d Enc't. 
 I "23d Enc't. 
 Lat. 66° ao' N. 
 Long. 86° 3'W. 
 
 Date. 
 
 iThor. 3. 
 
 ! I 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 1805. 
 Aug. 4, a. 
 
 Up. 
 
 71.. 
 
 5,6 a. 
 
 31). 
 
 7 p. 
 
 0,6 a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 7,0 a. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 D..... 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 m. 
 
 *3 p. m. 
 
 **7 p. m. 
 
 8, a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 0, n. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. lu. 
 
 10, 6 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 11, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 12, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 13, a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 14, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 15, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 16, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 17, 6 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 18, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
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 7 p. m. 
 
 19, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
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 20, n a. m. 
 
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 N 
 
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 W 
 
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 SW 4 
 
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 41 ' NE 1 
 
 40 W 1 
 
 WNW 1 
 
 E 1 
 
 SW 2 
 
 SW 3 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
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 Overcast . . . 
 
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 ... do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Benmrks. 
 
 ...do... 
 ...do.... 
 ...do.... 
 ...do.... 
 
 ...do 
 ...do , 
 .. do 
 . . do . 
 ...do 
 ...do 
 ...do. 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 ..do 
 ...do. 
 
 Few clouds , 
 Overcast . . . 
 Cloudy ... 
 
 do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 
 Thor. lowest lust night, 28°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 31°. 
 
 8 p. m., rain. 
 
 Kain ; fog ; ther. lowest last night, 
 
 34°. 
 Fog ; great refraction. 
 Kain. 
 Rain. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 35°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 34°. 
 Sprinkling now and tlien. 
 Ther, lowest last night, 36°. 
 
 Rain; ther. lowest last night, 
 
 36°. 
 Rain. 
 
 fog. 
 
 fog. 
 
 ebli tide sets to tlie SSE. 
 
 ther. lowest laiit night, 38°. 
 
 .54 I SW 
 
 . . 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Rain J fog; ther. lowest last night. 
 
 33°. 
 Rain; 
 Rain; 
 Rain ; 
 Rain; 
 Rain. 
 Rain. 
 Rain. 
 Rain; ther. lowest last night, 
 
 30°. " 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Fog. 
 tog. 
 
 Ther. lownt hist night, 40°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Rain ; ther. lowest Ins! night, 38°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 38°. 
 
 Thor. lowcat lit%t night, 37'. 
 Fog. 
 
f 
 
 4 
 
 111 
 
 508 
 
 UaWs Mdeoroloyical Journal. 
 
 
 
 
 Auoust-^Septembkr, 18«5. 
 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Datr. 
 
 Tbor. 3. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Kemarks. 
 
 23d Enu't. 
 Lat. 66° 30' N. 
 Long. 86° 3'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 1805. 
 
 Aug. 21, 6 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 |i. m. 
 
 22, a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 23,6 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 24, 6 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 i>. ni. 
 25, 6 a. ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 8 p. III. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 26, 6 ft. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 27,6 a. III. 
 
 in. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 28, 6 a. m. 
 
 III. 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 20, 6 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 30, 6 u. in. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 81,0 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 Sept. 1, 6 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 2, a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 8, n a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 4, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 5, 6 a. ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 0, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 7, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 8 p. in. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 o 
 41 
 
 48 
 45 
 40 
 38 
 40 
 42 
 30 
 38 
 42 
 40 
 40 
 37 
 48 
 46 
 80 
 36 
 45 
 44 
 40 
 85 
 41 
 40 
 37 
 40 
 43 
 43 
 34 
 82 
 42 
 38 
 30 
 34 
 
 43 
 43 
 40 
 34 
 42 
 42 
 37 
 42 
 44 
 43 
 40 
 87 
 43 
 41 
 37 
 30 
 37 
 41 
 40 
 33 
 
 27 
 44 
 44 
 
 37 
 25 
 42 
 40 
 34 
 20 
 48 
 48 
 86 
 35 
 47 
 50 
 
 1 40 
 
 1 
 
 In. 
 
 80.57 
 .57 
 .61 
 .65 
 .62 
 .58 
 .46 
 .48 
 .34 
 .22 
 .10 
 .20 
 .12 
 
 29.04 
 .02 
 
 30.00 
 .00 
 .01 
 .02 
 .02 
 .19 
 .24 
 .30 
 .86 
 .40 
 .43 
 .42 
 .46 
 .52 
 .43 
 .40 
 .30 
 .10 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 .11 
 .32 
 ..32 
 .32 
 ..TO 
 .24 
 .14 
 .14 
 .20 
 .30 
 .32 
 .34 
 .34 
 .48 
 .50 
 .48 
 .48 
 .58 
 
 "".'so' 
 
 .38 
 
 42 
 
 .46 
 
 W 
 
 sw 
 
 ssw 
 
 SSE 
 
 ..1 
 ..2 
 . 1 
 ..1 
 
 Ovorcost ... 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ther. Iowihk last night, 38o. 
 
 Fog; 5 p. m., foRlHiw. 
 
 Fog; thcr. lowest liist night, 36°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Fog; tbnr. lowest lost night, 35°. 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 
 Ther. Ir >> st last night, 34°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 33°. 
 Bin>ko other large thermometer, 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 37°. 
 A little rain. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 27°. 
 
 Bain; fog; ther. lowest Inst 
 
 night, 84°. 
 Bain; fog. 
 Kahi. 
 
 Ther. lowest lost night, 33°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, 37°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 36°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°.6. 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 33°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 26°. 
 nalo round sun from 8 tn 10. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 25°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 25°. 
 Ther. lowest lokt nigbt, 28°. 
 
 Do 
 
 s 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 1 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 <l.. 
 
 sw 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 is :::";::::;: 
 
 Do 
 
 -.8 
 .8 
 ..1 
 ..1 
 
 '.'.i 
 
 . 1 
 
 .'i 
 ..1 
 
 ..5 
 ..2 
 .8 
 .5 
 ..3 
 . 4 
 ..5 
 .6 
 ..5 
 ..1 
 . 3 
 ..5 
 . 6 
 . 6 
 
 ..4 
 
 ..2 
 .6 
 .3 
 .3 
 . 3 
 ..5 
 . I 
 ..2 
 ..4 
 .5 
 .3 
 .2 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 ..6 
 ..3 
 .1 
 
 
 Clomly 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ..do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ..do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 E 
 
 WNW.... 
 
 Calm 
 
 SE 
 
 SEO) 
 
 (^alm 
 
 8E 
 
 24th Euo't. 
 I^t 660 20' N. 
 
 Long. 80° 18' W. 
 
 Do 
 
 SE 
 
 NNW.... 
 N.NW.... 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW.... 
 NNW .... 
 N. liy W.. 
 N. by W.. 
 
 W 
 
 SSE 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Few clouds ■ 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW.... 
 
 SW 
 
 ssw 
 
 SSW 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NNE 
 
 SE 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 SW 
 
 Calm .... 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 ..3 
 
 .4 
 
 .3 
 .8 
 . 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 25th Enc't. 
 Lat. 66° 30' N. 
 Lon)r.880 44'W. 
 
 26th Enc't, F,>rt 
 
 nopn. 
 Lat. 06O31' N. 
 Lone. 86° 56' W. 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 ('aim .... 
 
 .2 
 .2 
 . 1 
 
 Do 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 ESE 
 
 W 
 
 W 
 
 .2 
 . 1 
 
 ..1 
 .1 
 ..2 
 ..2 
 . 3 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 
HalVs Meteorolofikal Journal 
 
 SEPTEMDEK, IWiT) 
 
 509 
 
 ,3eo. 
 
 ,35°. 
 
 tor. 
 
 Inst 
 
 37°. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thw.S. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 In. 
 30.54 
 .45 
 
 .30 
 .34 
 
 29.90 
 .87 
 .85 
 .86 
 
 30.04 
 
 "26.90 
 
 .94 
 
 .97 
 
 .98 
 
 .92 
 
 .90 
 
 .88 
 
 30.06 
 
 .02 
 
 20.80 
 
 30.00 
 
 .02 
 
 .20 
 
 " .12 
 
 .22 
 
 wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 26th Enc't, Fort 
 
 Hope. 
 I^t. 06°31'N. 
 Lona. 86° W W. 
 
 1865. 
 
 Sept. 8, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 0, 6 a. ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. ra. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 10. 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 11.7 p.m. 
 12,6b. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 13. 6 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 14, a. m. 
 
 16. 7 a. m. 
 7 p. nv 
 
 17, 7 a. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 18, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p. ra. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 10,7 a.m. 
 
 ra. 
 
 3 p. ra. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 20,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 21, 7 «. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 22, 6 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 23,6 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 24,6 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p. m. 
 25, 6 a. m. 
 m. 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p.m. 
 26, a. m. 
 m. 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p. ra. 
 27, 6 a. ra. 
 m. 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p. m. 
 28,0 a.m. 
 ra. 
 3 p. ra. 
 7 i>. m. , 
 20, a. ni. ' 
 m. 1 
 3 p. m. 1 
 7 p. m. 1 
 
 
 
 34 
 42 
 42 
 38 
 33 
 
 K 
 
 . 1 
 . 2 
 ..4 
 .6 
 .2 
 . 3 
 . i 
 .4 
 .6 
 .5 
 .4 
 ..1 
 .3 
 .3 
 .4 
 . 4 
 .3 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 . 5 
 
 5 
 
 Overcast — 
 ...do 
 
 Thor. lowest lost night, 31°. 
 
 Ruin. ' 
 Rain. \ 
 Snow; ther. lowest last night, 32°. ] 
 
 Mist. 
 Rain. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 28°. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Rain. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 25°. 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, 24°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 23°. 
 
 SE 
 
 ESE 
 
 ESE 
 
 ESE 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 8SE 
 
 8W 
 
 SW 
 
 S 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 ESE 
 
 N 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 Do 
 
 Overcast ... 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Overcast 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast — 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 38 
 34 
 32 
 40 
 38 
 33 
 36 
 37 
 42 
 36 
 40 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 ■■ si' 
 
 27 
 24 
 30 
 28 
 26 
 22 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 wsw . . . 
 WNW ... 
 
 w 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 NNW.... 
 
 NAV 
 
 NW 
 
 .5 
 ..4 
 .3 
 ..6 
 . 5 
 ..5 
 .5 
 .2 
 . 4 
 ..5 
 . .2 
 '..'& 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 'cVoiidy'!!.;; 
 
 .. do 
 
 Overcast ... 
 
 Overcast.... 
 ...do 
 
 Suow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 18°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Suow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 18°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 1 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 Rain and suow. 
 
 Rain and snow. 
 
 Ruiu and snow. 
 
 Drizzling niin and snow; ther. 
 
 lowest last night, 20°. 
 Drizzling rain and snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 17°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 22°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 28°. 
 
 Drizzling rain. 
 
 Drizzling rain. 
 
 Drizzling rain. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowent last night, V>. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 " '22 
 20 
 
 "'.'24' 
 .23 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 24 
 25 
 22 
 20 
 33 
 34 
 26 
 30 
 
 '".'36 
 .40 
 .46 
 .40 
 .48 
 .50 
 .48 
 .48 
 .50 
 .38 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 N. l)y W.. 
 
 SE... 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 E 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW ... 
 N. by W.. 
 nnVv .... 
 
 N 
 
 N . 
 
 ENE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 N. bvW.. 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW 
 
 ..6 
 .8 
 .0 
 . 7 
 ..7 
 .6 
 
 -.1 
 . 4 
 . 2 
 .3 
 .4 
 .5 
 .1 
 .10 
 
 .10 
 . 8 
 ..8 
 . 5 
 . 3 
 . 3 
 ..1 i 
 
 :\ 
 .4 
 .4 
 ..4 
 
 ..7 
 ..9 1 
 
 10 ! 
 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Do 
 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 32' 
 
 26 
 
 20 
 25 
 22 
 20 
 
 "'29." 82' 
 30.00 
 1 
 .20 
 .28 
 .33 
 .50 
 
 ':;::.:::;;: 
 
 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ... do 1 
 
 ... do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Overcast — 
 Cloudy 
 
 do : 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast ' 
 
 .. do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Do 
 
 22' 
 
 24 
 32 
 
 36' 
 
 20 
 
 22' 
 
 22 
 
 '.!5i 
 .30 
 ;21 
 
 "".'64 
 29.98 
 
 "36.' 3U' 
 66 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 NNW.... 
 NNW .... 
 N. l>y \y. . 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 SE 
 
 E 
 
 ::4' 
 ..4 ' 
 .2 ' 
 . .2 
 1 
 
 is' 
 
 13 
 
 "'.'so' 
 
 .78 
 
 
 22 
 
 ".'eo" 
 
 .1 
 .1 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast ...j 
 
510 
 
 HalVs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 September—October, ISfiT). 
 
 Locality. 
 
 nate. 
 
 Ther. 3. 
 
 26th Enc't, Fort 
 
 Hope. 
 Lat. flfio 31' N. 
 Lone. 80° .WW.' 
 
 1805. 
 S<>pt.30,6 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 1,0 
 
 7 
 2,7 
 
 7 
 3,7 
 
 7 
 4,7 
 
 7 
 5,7 
 
 7 
 0,7 
 
 7 
 7,7 
 
 7 
 8,7 
 
 7 
 9,7 
 
 7 
 10,7 
 
 7 
 11,7 
 
 7 
 12,7 
 
 7 
 13,7 
 
 7 
 14,7 
 
 7 
 15,7 
 
 7 
 16,7 
 
 7 
 17,7 
 
 7 
 18,7 
 
 7 
 19,7 
 
 7 
 20,7 
 
 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 p. m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 a. ID. ! 
 
 m. ; 
 
 p. m. I 
 
 n. m. ' 
 
 m. 
 p.m. 
 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 p.m. 
 a. m. 
 
 m| 
 p. m. 
 u. m. I 
 
 m.l 
 p.m. I 
 c. m. I 
 
 m. ' 
 p. m. ' 
 a. m. \ 
 
 ni. 1 
 p. m. 
 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 p. m. 
 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 p. m. 
 a. m. I 
 
 m. 
 p.m. 
 a. m. i 
 
 m. 
 p. m. i 
 a. m. ' 
 
 m. 
 p. m. 
 n. m. \ 
 
 m. 
 p. m. 
 a. m. 
 
 m. , 
 p. m. 
 a. m. 
 
 ■"'I 
 p. 111. 
 
 a. m. 
 
 m. ! 
 p.m.! 
 a. m. 
 
 m. ] 
 p.m. 
 a. m. 
 
 m. I 
 p. m. 
 a. m. ' 
 
 m. 
 p. m. 
 a. m. : 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 21, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 22, 7 a. m. 
 
 m, 
 7 p. m. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 12 
 20 
 
 "\% 
 7 
 24 
 18 
 20 
 28 
 27 
 28 
 34 
 34 
 
 32 
 30 
 28 
 26 
 26 
 27 
 24 
 24 
 28 
 20 
 22 
 27 
 28 
 23 
 30 
 24 
 21 
 23 
 21 
 23 
 25 
 18 
 
 6 
 18 
 10 
 
 «l 
 
 15 
 
 " 
 31 I 
 
 34 ! 
 
 31 ! 
 
 21 1 
 
 23 I 
 
 20 I 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 30 i 
 
 29 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 25 
 
 20 I 
 
 22 
 19 
 20 
 
 24 
 22 
 
 21 ' 
 20 
 20 
 
 In. 
 
 30. 58 
 .64 
 
 ■ .'72 
 .65 
 .72 
 .70 
 .70 
 .68 
 .68 
 .55 
 .47 
 .38 
 .25 
 .00 
 
 29.80 
 .90 
 .97 
 
 30.07 
 .00 
 
 29.98 
 .98 
 
 30.20 
 
 • .20 
 .26 
 .22 
 .23 
 .26 
 .34 
 .86 
 .38 
 .45 
 .45 
 .46 
 .38 
 .32 
 .36 
 .30 
 .32 
 .34 
 .50 
 .53 
 .64 
 .66 
 .60 
 .37 
 
 29.90 
 .85 
 .82 
 
 30.05 
 .12 
 .15 
 .10 
 .07 
 .02 
 
 29.60 
 .57 
 .68 
 .75 1 
 .80 I 
 .85 
 .90 • 
 
 N. by W....2 
 
 N 4 
 
 N.bv W... 5 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NW 3 
 
 NW 2 
 
 NE 1 
 
 S. by W ...3 
 
 S 4 
 
 S 3 
 
 8. by E 5 
 
 8 4 
 
 S. by W ...1 
 
 8SB! 1 
 
 SE 4 
 
 8E 5 
 
 NW 9 
 
 NTV 9 
 
 NUW 8 
 
 NW 8 
 
 NW 9 
 
 NW 9 
 
 NW 5 
 
 NW 3 
 
 Wfr 1 
 
 SSW 2 
 
 SSW 1 
 
 S. bvE 2 
 
 S ..■; 1 
 
 SSE 1 
 
 NNE 1 
 
 NW 3 
 
 NW 4 
 
 NNW 
 
 NW 3 
 
 NW 4 
 
 NW 5 
 
 N 1 
 
 N 2 
 
 N. byE ... 2 
 
 N 6 
 
 N 6 
 
 NW 5 
 
 N 1 
 
 8 1 
 
 8E 3 
 
 S8W 5 
 
 S.By W... 4 
 
 SSW 5 
 
 NE 1 
 
 W 3 
 
 W 3 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 SE 8 
 
 8E 8 
 
 SE 8 
 
 E 5 
 
 E 4 
 
 ENE 3 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 Overcast ... 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do. 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 .-..do 
 
 Bemarks. 
 
 Overcast... 
 
 Clondy 
 
 ....do: 
 
 Overcast. .. 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overciist . . . 
 
 Cloudy . . 
 
 .. do ' 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast ' 
 
 ...do 
 
 -do 
 
 .. -do ! 
 
 Cloudy ! 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Clondy j 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 ... do 
 
 ... do 
 
 .. do I 
 
 ... do 
 
 ....do ! 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 . do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clondy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Overcast... 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 Overcast 
 
 .. do 
 
 . 00 NNW . 
 
 . 88 ; NNW 
 
 . 80 j NNW 
 
 . 79 ' NNW , 
 
 . 88 I NNW , 
 
 30. 12 i NNW 
 
 . 20 i NNW 
 
 .24 : NNW, 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 .10 
 10 
 
 .10 
 10 
 10 
 
 ..do 
 . do 
 ..do 
 
 ....do... 
 
 do.... 
 
 ...do .... 
 ....do .... 
 ...do.... 
 
 Ther. lowest last nit;ht, 9°. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 6°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 17°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 27°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 Fog; i-ain. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 80°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 26°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 23°. 
 Ther. lowest lost night, 14°. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, 22°. 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last uight, 20°. 
 Snow spitting at times. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 19°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 3°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 5°. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 5°. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 29°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, Vf>. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 4°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 26°. 
 
 Snow and drift; ther. lowest last 
 
 night, 20°. 
 Snow and drift. 
 Snow and drift. 
 Snow and drift; ther. lowest last 
 
 night, 20°. 
 Snow and drift. 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 20°, 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
 is^''^.ta-i^.-.^'.t.<-"-'<f.j^i»MS-Ii.^: 
 
HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 511 
 
 OCTOBKH, IHfif). 
 
 Locality. 
 
 26th Enc't, Fort 
 
 Hope, 
 tat. (160 31'N. 
 Long. 86° 56' W. 
 
 Date 
 
 1865. 
 Oct. 23, 7 
 
 7 
 24,7 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 I 
 
 7 
 25,7 
 
 7 
 26,7 
 
 7 
 27,7 
 
 • 
 
 Ther. 3. 
 
 Bor. 
 
 
 
 
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 a. m. 
 
 3 
 
 30.40 
 
 m. 
 
 5 
 
 .44 
 
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 4 
 
 .48 
 
 a. m. 
 
 10 
 
 .66 
 
 m. 
 
 18 
 
 .58 
 
 p.m. 
 
 18 
 
 .72 
 
 a. m. 
 
 18 
 
 .80 
 
 m. 
 
 23 
 
 .82 
 
 p.m. 
 
 17 
 
 .85 
 
 a. m. 
 
 30 
 
 .67 
 
 m. 
 
 29 
 
 .55 
 
 p.m. 
 
 26 
 
 .47 
 
 a. va. 
 
 23 
 
 .30 
 
 m. 
 
 25 
 
 .28 
 
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 20 
 
 .24 
 
 Wind. 
 
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 NNW 11 
 
 KNW 11 
 
 NNW 11 
 
 NNW 11 
 
 NW 8 
 
 NW 9 
 
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 W 1 
 
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 ..do., 
 ...do.. 
 . . do . . 
 Clear . . 
 . . do . . 
 ..do.. 
 Cloudy 
 . . .do . . 
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 ..do 
 ...do 
 
 Itcmarks, 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last niiilit, 3^. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last niglit. S". 
 
 Di'il't; perhaps snowiui;. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last niglit, 18°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest Inst niiiht, 23°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; discovered tlint (lier. Xo. 3 
 bod air iu the biilh. 
 
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 March, 1866. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Remnrks. 
 
 20th Enc't. 
 (Saiiii>n8 2fitb.) 
 Lat. OGo -iV N. 
 Long. 80° 50' W. 
 
 Bo 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 Do. 
 
 186U. ' 
 
 o 
 
 Mar. l,On. lu. ' 
 
 — 30 
 
 :i p. ni. 
 
 — 24 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 3U 
 
 2, 9 a. ni. 
 
 — 32 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 — 17 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 31 
 
 3, a. HI. 
 
 — 14 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 — 12 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 10 
 
 4, u. m. 1 
 
 ~ 19 
 
 3 p. m. j 
 
 — 22 
 
 7 p. in. 1 
 
 — 24 
 
 5, 9 a. m. ! 
 
 — 20 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 -24 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 — 24 
 
 0, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. in. j 
 7 p. m. ! 
 
 7, 9 a. m. I 
 3 p. m. I 
 7 i>. 111. ' 
 
 8, 9 a. m. j 
 3 p. m. i 
 7 p. in. I 
 
 9, 9 a. in. 
 
 3 p. m. I 
 
 7 p. la. 1 
 
 10, 9 a. m. ' 
 
 7 p. m. I 
 13,9 a. m. I 
 
 3 p. m. i 
 
 7 p. m. I 
 14, 9 a. in. ; 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 3 p. in. i 
 7 p. 111. i 
 19, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. in. j 
 7 p. in. 
 
 20, 9 a. in. ! 
 3 p. m. I 
 7 p. in. i 
 
 21, 9 a. m. 
 3 p. m. i 
 7 p. m. I 
 
 In. I 
 
 28.00 I 'VTNW 
 
 . 04 I WNW 
 
 27.05 ! WNW 
 
 28. 13 1 NNW 
 
 .08 HW .. 
 
 .00 NNW 
 
 27. 60 SSE . . 
 
 . 52 ; NW . . 
 
 .40 ' WNW 
 
 24 
 
 19 
 10 
 26 
 18 
 16 
 16 
 6 
 10 
 ■ 20 
 
 •21 
 
 . 22 
 
 23 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 — 10 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 — 29 
 
 11, 9 a. ni. 
 
 — 30 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 — 22 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 -24 
 
 12, a. in. 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 10 
 
 • 25 
 
 ■ 27 
 
 ■ 10 
 
 • 30 
 •.30 
 
 10 
 
 7 p. m. i — 10 
 
 15, a. m. — 30 
 3 p. m. — 19 
 7 p. m. ' — 25 
 
 16, 9 a. m. 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 17, 9 a. ra. 
 3 p. m. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 18, 9 a. m. 
 
 30 
 16 
 34 
 34 
 23 
 20 
 6 
 
 16 
 10 
 
 25 i 
 20 I 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 .53 
 .58 
 .00 
 .70 
 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 
 . 78 NNW 
 .80 I NNW 
 . 94 I NNW 
 
 . 94 NNW 
 . 98 N.\W 
 . 98 i NNW 
 .01 I Calm . 
 . 42 NW . . 
 
 26.08 
 .98 
 .08 
 
 .98 
 
 .98 
 
 .98 
 
 29.74 
 
 .70 
 
 .84 
 30.04 
 
 .02 
 20.82 
 
 .64 
 
 .70 
 .70 
 .80 
 .88 
 .83 
 .66 
 .44 
 
 .36 
 
 .44 
 
 .38 
 .34 
 .30 
 .35 
 .44 
 .60 
 .58 
 .50 
 .34 
 
 N 
 N\W 
 NW.. 
 NW.. 
 
 NNTV 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 
 NE . . . 
 NNE . 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NW.. 
 NNW 
 SE.... 
 
 NW.. 
 
 1 Fow clouds 
 1 Clear 
 1 ... do . .. 
 1 ....dii ... 
 1 ... do ... . 
 
 ...do .. 
 
 Overcast . 
 
 Cloud.v . . 
 
 Overcast . 
 
 ...do . .. 
 
 ...do... 
 do 
 
 9 Fow clouds 
 
 .7 Clear , 
 
 7 !....do 
 
 7 ' Fow clouds 
 
 8 , Clear , 
 
 7 ....do 
 
 1 ....do , 
 
 ..; Cloudy . ... 
 
 1 ... do 
 
 2 ... do 
 
 4 Overcast . . 
 
 5 !... do 
 
 8 ' Few clouds 
 
 8 '....do 
 
 8 Cloudy 
 
 5 Fow clouds . 
 
 2 Cloudv .... 
 
 2 ; Clear " 
 
 4 Few clouds 
 
 3 ] Clear 
 
 2 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 2 ...do 
 
 1 ... do 
 
 2 Clear 
 
 1 : Few clouds 
 
 1 Clear 
 
 1 Few clouds 
 
 5 Overcast. .. 
 
 ... 3 
 
 NNW. 
 Calm . 
 E . . . . 
 NW . . 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW. 
 
 . . 2 I Fow clouds 
 ..3 I Cloudy .... 
 . 4 ; 0vcrc:i8t . . 
 
 ..1 ! Clear 
 
 ! Few clouds 
 
 ..2 ; Clear 
 
 . .4 I Fow clouds 
 . 8 Overcast . . . 
 
 . 9 
 
 .10 1 
 
 . 18 I E 
 
 . 18 . KNE , 
 
 . 34 I ENE 
 
 I 
 
 30.14 
 .52 
 .62 
 
 54 I ENE .. 
 
 52 ENE . . 
 
 78 I NNW . 
 
 83 1 NNW . 
 
 86 I NNW . 
 SSE . . , 
 
 SE 
 
 NW.. 
 
 .10 
 -.7 
 .10 
 
 .10 
 -.0 
 ..5 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 
 Few clouds 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 . . do 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Thrr. lowest last night, —36°. 
 Ther. lowest last nighl, -35°. 
 Thcr. lowest last night, —370. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -28°. 
 
 Drill. 
 
 Drilt. 
 
 Drill; ther. lowest hist night, 
 
 —•IVP. 
 Drift. 
 
 Drilt ; aurora. 
 Drift ; tlier. lowest last nij'lit, 
 
 —25=. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Ther. lowest Inst night, — JS". 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — IVP. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 
 
 — 20°. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Tlid. lowest last night, —2.3°; 
 
 bnrometer set at 29.74. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —;i.')°. 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest last night, 
 — 24<^. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — l!J 
 
 Ther. lowest last night. — 35°. 
 
 Snow; at7p. ni. Xo.3tlier.,— lO'' 
 
 Nn. 4 ther., —10°; No. .') ther., , 
 
 — 10°; No. Other.. —1^°. | 
 
 nazy; really aurora iliffuaed ' 
 
 lliroiighont the heaveu.'i. | 
 
 Ther. lowest liist iiiglit, — 30°. i 
 
 Fog; halos alwut sun. I 
 
 Ther. h)west last nighl, —36°. 
 
 Aurora . 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — .38-'. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift, snow. 
 Drift, suow : t 
 
 niglit,- 20=. 
 Drift, snow. 
 Drift, snow. 
 Snow and drift; 
 
 night, -10°. 
 Snow and drift. 
 Snow and drilt ; niirorn. 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Ther. lowest last niglit, -6°. 
 
 ler. lowest last i 
 
 ther. lowest last 
 
 40. 
 
522 
 
 HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 March— Aphil, 1866. 
 
 i 
 
 r i 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Tlicr. 
 
 i 6. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 ■Wind. 
 
 I 
 
 20tli Enc't. 
 
 (Sumo na 20tli.) 
 
 Lnt. 00° 111' N 
 
 Long. 86° Sff W, 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 aotli Enc't. 
 Lat. 660 33' N. 
 Long. 860 50' W. 
 
 Do 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 1800. 
 Miir. i!2, 11. 
 3p. 
 7 p. 
 
 23, a. 
 3 p. 
 7 p. 
 
 24, 9 u. 
 3 p. 
 
 ' p. 
 25, a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 26, a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 27, 9 a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 28, 9 a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 20, 9 a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 30, a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 31, 9 a. 
 
 .3 p. 
 
 ! Apr. 
 
 31st Enc't. i 
 Lnt. 660 40- if.' 
 Long. 870 4'.7W. 
 
 I 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 32(1 En(^'t. 
 Lat. 660 47' N. 
 Long. 870 16'.7W. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 33(1 Enc't. 
 Lat. 660 68' 
 Long. 87° 30' 
 
 Do 
 
 N. 
 "W. 
 
 m. 
 m. 
 m. 
 m. 
 ni. 
 
 lU. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. I 
 
 ni. j 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. i 
 
 m. i 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 III. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 ra. 
 
 m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. 
 1,9 a. 
 
 ?»• 
 7 p. 
 
 2, 9 a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 3,9n. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 4,9 a. 
 
 3 p. 
 
 7 p. 
 6,9 a. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 6, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7t>. m. 
 7, 9 II. m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 8, a. m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 9, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 10,9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. lu. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 11,9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 ]). m. 
 12, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 13, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 — 6 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 2 
 
 — 2 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 10 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 — 2 
 —10 
 —12 
 
 — 4 
 —10 
 —12 
 
 
 
 —10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 — 4 
 2 
 
 —10 
 —20 
 —17 
 —20 
 —13 ; 
 
 — 2 ! 
 
 — 5 I 
 \ 
 
 O • 
 
 -l\ 
 
 — 2 ' 
 : 
 
 —10 
 —10 
 
 — 3 '■ 
 
 —10 : 
 
 10 i 
 
 13 i 
 
 10 ! 
 
 — 6 
 
 -ll 
 
 — 7 
 —10 : 
 
 — 5 t 
 —13 
 
 — la 
 
 — 1 
 
 — 4 
 4 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 — 2 
 4 
 
 — 7 
 —12 
 —12 
 —15 
 —18 
 
 22 
 
 — 'Jo 
 —18 
 
 — 4 I 
 
 — 7 
 
 In. 
 
 30.54 
 .50 
 .47 
 .36 
 .08 
 
 29.97 
 .88 
 .80 
 .84 
 
 30.02 
 .12 
 .10 
 .12 
 . 22 
 . 22 
 !22 
 .22 
 .20 
 .10 
 .00 
 
 29.90 
 .84 
 .57 
 .50 
 .34 
 .42 
 .60 
 .70 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 
 
 P 
 
 nne! 
 
 NNW 
 
 Calm 
 
 Calm 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 SE 1 
 
 SE 1 
 
 SSE 1 
 
 SE 3 
 
 ESE 4 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 N. bv W... 6 
 
 NNW 7 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 9 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 10 
 
 NNW .... 10 
 NNW 10 
 
 Sky. 
 
 NW. 
 NW... 
 NNW . 
 NNW . 
 NNW . 
 Calm . . 
 E 
 
 1 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 7 
 
 NNW 7 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 SE 2 
 
 SE. 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 10 
 
 Few clouds 
 Clondy .... 
 < )vcrca8t . . - 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 . . do 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do , 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 Overcast . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 .. do 
 
 . . do 
 
 . do 
 
 Clear 
 
 EoW Cloubd 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast. .. 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 , . . do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ... do , 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast ... 
 Cloudy . .. 
 
 . . do 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast .. 
 
 Cloudy . ... 
 
 ... do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 ... do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 — do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds i 
 
 Hazy ! 
 
 Overcast . . 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 — do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clr.ir 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Drift; thor. lowest last night, 
 [— l2o. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —4°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, - 4°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 0°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 2o. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 18o. 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —18°. 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, — 10°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night,— 6°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —20°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -24°. 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest last night, — 2o. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 12°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 19°. 
 
 Snow; ther. lowest lust night, 
 —160. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 
 
 —120. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 
 [—160. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —22°. 
 
 Snow; ther. lowest last night, 
 
 -40. 
 Snow; fog. 
 Snow; fog. 
 Fog ; ther. lowest last night, — 4°. 
 
 Fog ; ther. lowest last night, — 160. 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 2.'io. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest lust night, 
 
 —270. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 r)23 
 
 Apuii^May, 18()C. 
 
 ight, 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Dnto. 
 
 iTherJ 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sliy. 
 
 Kemnrl»8. 
 
 s;i(l Knc't. 
 
 Lat. fl«o.5fl' X. 
 
 Lonj;. «;" 30' W. 
 I 
 
 Do ' 
 
 34tli Enc't. ] 
 
 Lot. 67° 4' N. 
 
 Loii". 870 41' W. 
 
 Apr 
 
 Do 
 
 I)C) 
 
 Do I 
 
 35tli Eno't. , 
 
 Lat. 87° 14' N. 
 
 Loiij;. 87° 31' ■«'. 
 
 Do. 
 
 3Utli Enc't. 
 Lat. 673 24' N. 
 Lonj;.«70 41' W. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do ( 
 
 37th Enc't. 
 
 Lat. «7° 37' N. 
 
 Long. 88° 8' W.! 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 1 
 
 **38tli Euc't. 
 Lat. U7°49' N.I 
 Lonp. 88° 2.5' W. 
 
 3»th Enc't. i 
 Lat. «7° Sy N.j 
 Loni.'.880 25' W. 
 *4Utli Enc't. ! 
 Lat. 88° 00' N.| 
 Long. 88° 10' W.' 
 
 Do Mav 
 
 1860. 
 14,0 a.m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 l.'i, a. ni. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 10, » a. ni. 
 
 3 ]>. m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 17,0 a. ni. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 |>. ni. 
 18, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 10, a. m. 
 
 3 ]>. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 20, a. ni. 
 3 ]). ni. 
 
 21, 9 a. ra. 
 3 p. m. 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 22, « a. m. 
 
 3 ]). m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 23, a. ni. 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 '.'4,0 a. in. 
 
 3 ]). ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 2.5, a. ni. 
 
 3 p. in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 26, a. in. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 27, a. m. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 28, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 ]). m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 20, u. m. 
 
 '*3 p. in. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 30, 9 a. ui. 
 
 *3 p. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 41at Enc't, same 
 as 39th Enc't. 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 42d Enc't., same 
 as 38th Enc't. 
 
 1,9 a. m. 
 3 p. m. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 3, a. m. 
 3 p. m. 
 7 p. in. 
 
 4, a. lu. 
 3 p. lu. 
 7 ]). in. 
 
 5, a. in. 
 3 p. m. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 6, a. m. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 7, a. in. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 In. 
 
 18 
 8 
 
 ESE . 
 
 ... ESE .. 
 
 h : ESL... 
 
 • 8 NNW . 
 
 2 , X 
 
 -4 : N 
 
 -7 , ,..l N 
 
 3 ' : NW... 
 
 - 4 I I NW... 
 
 - 6 ! I NW... 
 
 11 : i WNW. 
 
 4 NW... 
 
 4 NW... 
 
 7 NW . 
 
 4 WNW. 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 OviTcast — , Snow; lUi^r. lowest last night, 
 • - 10°. 
 
 . . do Snow. 
 
 .. do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds 
 .. do 
 
 Ther. lowest lust night, — 21°. 
 Ther. lowest Hti night, — 120. 
 
 do 
 
 I' 
 
 NW 
 
 ' NAV 2 
 
 ; NW 4 
 
 : NNW 3 
 
 1 NW 2 
 
 I NW 2 
 
 NW 1 
 
 ! Calm 
 
 Overcast Ther. lowest list night, —0°. 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy ' 
 
 Few <'louds Ther. lowest last night, — 4°. 
 
 do 
 
 ( ) veicast 
 
 Cloudy 1 Ther. lowest last night, — .5°. 
 
 .. . do 
 
 Overcast.. 
 
 4 
 
 - 3 
 
 - 4 
 
 -10 
 
 7 
 12 
 
 
 12 
 20 
 
 D 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 ! 
 
 V 
 
 -12 
 10 
 8 
 8 
 
 - 4 
 
 
 -10 i I . . 
 
 -11 NNW 
 
 i: 
 
 SE 
 SE 
 
 W 3 
 
 8W 4 
 
 SSW 3 
 
 , SSW 3 
 
 i NNW 
 N 
 
 i N .... 
 
 I N 
 
 I W..., 
 
 W... 
 I SE . . . 
 1 sw .. 
 
 I NW 2 
 
 i NW 4 
 
 NW 
 
 2 I . 
 
 ■!:: 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 4 
 1 
 
 NW. 
 NW. 
 
 F(^w clouds .1 Ther. lowest lost night, — 12°. 
 
 Chiiir 
 
 ..do 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do' 
 
 . . do 
 
 . . .do 
 
 . . do 
 
 . do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 . . do 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast : J"og; ther. lowest last night, — 12°. 
 
 , Fog ; snow. 
 
 Fog; snow. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, — 7°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. hiwest last night, — 14°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 2°. 
 Ther. h)we8t last night, 2°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 12°. 
 Tiler, lowest last night, —22°. 
 
 Cloudy 
 do .. 
 
 .6 i F'cw clouds 
 
 - 2 
 -10 i 
 
 12 
 2 
 
 - 8 
 
 10 
 12 
 8 
 32 
 34 
 30 
 30 
 24 
 20 
 20 
 30 
 19 
 16 
 21 
 -14 
 14 
 20 
 14 
 
 NW 6 
 
 WNW .5 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 N 2 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 
 
 W.. 
 W.. 
 E... 
 E .. 
 B .. 
 NW 
 \\ .. 
 W.. 
 
 w.. 
 w.. 
 w 
 w.. 
 
 w .. 
 w.. 
 s... 
 w.. 
 w.. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest last night, 
 —15°. 
 ...do Drift. 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy ... 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 Overcast 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 12°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —10° 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 
 
 0°. 
 
 Overcast. 
 ... do .... 
 .. do... 
 ... do... 
 Cloudy . . 
 
 do 
 
 ...do .... 
 ...do.... 
 .. -do .... 
 Overcast . 
 ....do .... 
 .. do.... 
 
 Cloudy I Ther. lowest last night, 12°. 
 
 . . . do I Drift, snow. 
 
 ...do Drift, 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 14° 
 
 Tiller, lowest last night, 12°. 
 Drift. 
 
524 
 
 HalVs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 SIay— June, 18fi6. 
 
 \m 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 '^\''^\ Ear. Wind. 
 
 5. 1 , 
 
 1 Sky. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 1866. 
 
 o 1 In. 
 
 
 
 
 42d Enc't, same 
 
 May 8, n. ni. 
 
 14 
 
 W 
 
 ..6 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, 11°. 
 
 as 3«tli Enc't. 
 
 *3 p. m. 
 
 36 1 
 
 AV .. 
 
 .1 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 •4M Enc't. 
 
 7 \\. ni. 
 
 18 ■ 
 
 8E 
 
 ..1 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Lat. 07° 40' N. 
 
 0, a. ni. 
 
 10 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .4 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, 3o. 
 
 Lonff f8° 17' ""V. 
 *44tli Enc't. 
 
 *3 ]). ni. 
 7 J), ni. 
 
 12 
 
 
 N 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 N 
 
 ..7 
 
 ....do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Lnt. mo 32' X. 
 
 10, U a. ui. 
 
 14 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..7 
 
 ....do 
 
 Drift ! ther. lowest last night, 10°. 
 
 Liing. 87° 53' W. 
 
 3 I(. ni. 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 . 5 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 10 
 
 NW 
 
 . 3 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 11, a. ni. 
 
 18 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .3 
 
 ...do 
 
 Snow; ther. lowest last night, IP, 
 
 4jtli Enc't. 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..2 
 
 Cloudy . - . . 
 
 
 Lat. «"o 20' N. 
 
 7 |>. ni. 
 
 20 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..2 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 
 Long. 870 52' \V. 
 
 13, a. ni. 
 
 28 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .5 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ther. lowest lost night, 22°. 
 
 
 3 J), in. 
 
 33 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 .7 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 
 7 ]). in. 
 
 22 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 7 
 
 ... do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 14, !l a. ni. 
 
 18 
 
 
 AVNW... 
 
 -.6 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 13°. 
 
 4fltli Enc't. 
 
 3 J), ni. 
 
 26 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..4 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Lat. 670* N. 
 
 7 II. in. 
 
 20 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..2 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Long.87o41'.7W. 
 
 15, 9 a. ni. 
 
 10 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . 4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Snowi ther. lowest last night, 14°. 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 22 
 14 
 
 
 WNW.... 
 NW^ 
 
 ..2 
 ..3 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 Do 
 
 16, 9 a. in. 
 
 15 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..3 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, — 10°. 
 
 
 3 )i. in. 
 
 .•!0 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 ..4 
 
 Overcast. .. 
 
 
 
 7 ]). in. 
 
 18 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 ..2 
 
 (Jloudy 
 
 
 Do 
 
 17, 9 a. m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Snow; ther. lowest last night, 23°. 
 
 
 3 p. ra. 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 NW 
 
 *1 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 
 7 J), m. 
 
 24 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..2 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 18, 9 a. m. 
 
 34 
 
 
 N 
 
 ..4 
 
 ... do 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 Do 
 
 19, 9 a. ni. 
 
 32 
 
 
 NNE 
 
 . 2 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 47th Enc't. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 NE 
 
 ..4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Lat. 07° 00' N. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 34 
 
 
 NE 
 
 .4 
 
 ...do 
 
 Snow. 
 
 LonR. 87° 46' W. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *49tli.snmcn83]st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enc't. 
 Lat. 660 40- N. 
 
 22, 9 a. m. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, 22°. 
 Snow. 
 
 *3 11. m. 
 
 32 
 
 
 N 
 
 ..5 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 Long. 870 4-.7 w. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 24 
 
 
 N 
 
 .5 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 
 23. 9 a. m. 
 
 24 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 ..7 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last niglil, 18°. 
 
 50th, same as 26th 
 
 in. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Enc't. 
 
 26, 9 a. m. 
 
 35 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..5 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 22°. 
 
 T,at 6(iO 31' N. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 48 
 
 
 Culm .... 
 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 
 Long. 860 50- W. 
 
 30 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..1 
 
 
 Do 
 
 27, 9 a. ni. 
 
 33 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 3 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 5l8t Enc't. 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 -.1 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 Lat. 60O30' N. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 NAT 
 
 .1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Long. 860 34'.5'W. 
 
 28, 9 a. m. 
 
 28 
 
 
 NW 
 
 -.7 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, '230. 
 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 32 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 ..7 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 
 7 I), m. 
 
 25 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 . 8 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 Do 
 
 29, 9 a. m. 
 3 p. ra. 
 
 27 
 25 
 
 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 22 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..7 
 
 .-.do 
 
 
 Do . 
 
 80, 9 a. m. 
 
 28 
 
 
 NW 
 
 -.7 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 22°. 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..6 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 26 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..5 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 Do 
 
 31,9 a. m. 
 
 28 
 
 
 N 
 
 (i 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 23°. 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 N 
 
 .0 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 27 
 
 
 N 
 
 ..5 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 Jim*3 1, 9 a, m. 
 
 29 
 
 
 N 
 
 ..6 
 
 . do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 30 
 
 
 N 
 
 ..3 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 
 NNE 
 
 -.1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 3, 9 a. m. 
 
 
 
 SW 
 
 3 
 
 ... do 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 34 
 
 
 sw 
 
 . 4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 Do 
 
 4, 9 a. m. 
 
 31 
 
 
 SAV 
 
 .4 
 
 ... do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 28°. 
 
 
 3 p.m. 
 
 36 
 
 
 SAV 
 
 ..3 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 34 
 
 
 SW 
 
 5 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Do 
 
 5, 9 a. ra. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 22°. 
 
 
 3 p. ra. 
 
 23 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 .9 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 20 
 
 
 NW .. . 
 
 . H 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 6, 9 a. ra. 
 
 23 
 
 
 NW 
 
 . 
 
 ....do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 18°. 
 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 26 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 . 6 
 
 Overcast... 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 25 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 . 4 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 *52d Enc't. 
 
 7, 9 a. m, 
 
 27 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 .5 
 
 ..-.do 
 
 
 Lat. fi60 27'.7N. 
 
 *3 p. ni. 
 
 
 
 NAV 
 
 .2 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 Long. Sflo 2l'.7"W. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .3 
 
 ... do 
 
 
HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 525 
 
 Junk— July -Sejtemdek, 1860. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 62cl Enc't. 
 Lot. 00^27'.7N, 
 Lon.80°21'.7W. 
 Do 
 
 Uo. 
 
 Sate. 
 
 Ther. 
 5. 
 
 I Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 •Starts on sur- 
 vey of Ko- 
 pulso Bay. 
 Placo of 51st 
 
 Enc't. 
 54th Enc't, Ft. 
 Hoi)e. 
 
 Do 
 
 55th Enc't. 
 Lnt. 00° '.iS' N. 
 Lonfr 80° 47' W. 
 
 57th Enc't. 
 
 Lat. 00° 25' N. 
 
 Long. 85° 28' W. 
 
 00th Enc't. 
 
 Lat. 000 20' N. 
 
 Long. 80° 12' W. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1866. 
 June 8, a. ni. 
 3 p. ra. > 
 7 p. ra. I 
 0, U u. m. : 
 
 np.m.; 
 
 7 p. ra. I 
 10, a. m. 
 
 i) p. m. ' 
 
 7 p. m. : 
 11, 9 u. m. ' 
 
 3 p. m. 
 
 7 p. ni. ' 
 13, 9 a. m. 
 
 3 p. ni. 
 
 14, a. m. 
 
 *3 p. m. 
 
 15, 10 a. m. 
 
 5J p. m. 
 
 17,7 p.m. 
 18, 5 p. m. 
 
 July 5, 1 p. m. 
 
 18, m. 
 
 19, m. 
 20, 9 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 22, 9 a. m. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 i 63(1 Enc't, 
 
 near l"t. Hope. 
 
 Lat. 00° 31' N. 
 
 Long. 86° 50' W. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Sept, 
 
 Hi p. m. 
 
 24, 11 a. m. 
 
 25, 9 a. m. 
 
 ra. 
 
 3p. ra. 
 
 20, 9 a. m. 
 
 ra. 
 
 midnight. 
 
 27, 3 p. m. 
 
 7 ]). m. 
 
 28, 9 a.m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 4, 7 a. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 .'■>, 7 a. m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 6, 7 a. m. I 
 
 9 p. m. ; 
 7. 7 a.m. 
 in. 
 7 pm. 
 8, 7 a. m. 
 m. 
 7 p.m. 
 9, 7 iir. m. 
 ra. , 
 7 p. m. : 
 11, 7 a. m. 
 ra. 
 7 p. m. 
 12, 7 a. m. i 
 ra. 
 7 ]). ra. 
 13,7 a. m. I 
 m. 
 7 p. m. ; 
 
 1 
 
 In. 
 
 30 ' 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 35 
 
 46 
 
 37 • 
 
 "is" 
 
 
 34 
 
 
 37 
 
 ...... 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 i') 
 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NAV 4 
 
 NW .2 
 
 NW 1 
 
 N 3 
 
 N 3 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 SW . 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 S 2 
 
 . 1 
 .0 
 .6 
 
 S... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 JJW 6 Few clouds 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Overcast. .. 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 do 
 
 Few cIiuuIh 
 
 ..do 
 
 Cloudy ... 
 Few clouds 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ReniarbB. 
 
 Cloudy . 
 ...do . . 
 ..do . 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest Inst night, 25". 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 24". 
 
 Tlier. lowest Inst night, 18^. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 33°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 22°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 54 
 
 50 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 SE... 
 
 .6 
 
 do . 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 Overcast. 
 
 NW ..strong. 
 
 54 I 
 40 1 
 
 51 ;. 
 48 |. 
 
 ■,52' i 
 .')0 1. 
 
 02 ;. 
 
 50 < 
 08 . 
 00 
 
 54 :. 
 
 I W. very light. 
 ' SW ... light. 
 
 NW light air. 
 
 NW light air. 
 
 NW.lightair. 
 
 NW... light. 
 
 S light. 
 
 S light. 
 
 S light. 
 
 W light. 
 
 W light. 
 
 Calm 
 
 41 
 38 
 42 
 35 
 32 
 
 30 |. 
 28 I. 
 45 i. 
 
 35 1. 
 
 38 : 
 
 40 ; 
 
 41 . 
 
 34 :. 
 40 , 
 
 35 i 
 29 
 35 ,. 
 30 
 
 32 ■. 
 35 
 
 33 : 
 
 31 i 
 
 . Calm 
 
 .i S 1 
 
 ' S 
 
 : AYNW 3 
 
 .; N 5 
 
 I NNW 3 
 
 .; NNW 1 
 
 I NW -2 
 
 .! NW 3 
 
 . NW 1 
 
 .1 SE 1 
 
 .1 SE 3 
 
 .1 SE 3 
 
 .1 S 6 
 
 ' S 6 
 
 SSW 5 
 
 Cloudy . 
 
 Clear 
 ...do 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 40° 
 
 NNW 
 SE.... 
 E 
 
 ENE 
 SE .. 
 SE ... 
 NE . . . 
 NE... 
 NE . . . 
 
 Hazy 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 60°. 
 
 Itll 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 29°. 
 
 tnow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 29°. 
 
 Overcast . 
 ...do .... 
 Cloudy . 
 
 ..do' 
 
 . do ' Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 do 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 Few clouds Ther. lowest last night, 20°. 
 
 Cloudy .. ; 
 
 Overcast . . ' 
 
 I Rnin ; ther. lowest last night, 36°. 
 
 I Rain. 
 
 i Bain. 
 
 Cloudy , Ther. lowest last night, 24°. 
 
 Overcast \ Snow. 
 
 . do I Snow. 
 
 j Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 30°, 
 
 Snow and rain. 
 
 Snow and rain. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 Snow and rain. 
 
 Snow and rain. 
 
 Overcast. 
 
sr'i 
 
 SI 
 
 i' 
 
 ll ^ 
 
 1- . 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ;; ; 
 'i ■ 
 1 i 
 
 i' ' 
 
 iii 
 
 1 1 ■■ 
 
 j }: 
 
 1 ' '' 
 
 1,' 
 
 1 ' 
 
 
 i-' 
 
 1 ': 
 1 f 
 
 1 ' 
 
 li'.'i 
 
 
 iH' 
 
 IJ " 
 
 li 
 
 526 
 
 fTo/Z's Meteorological Journal. 
 
 OcTOBEU — November— December, 186C. 
 
 6Uth Enc I, Oct. 
 near Vort IIopo. 
 Lut, 06° 31' N. 
 Long. 86° 60' W. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 64th Enc't. 
 
 Tnlloon. 
 Lat. 660 37' K. 
 Long. 88° 42' W. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do 
 Do. 
 
 Nov, 
 
 Do I 
 
 OSth Enc't.i 
 Shii)8' Har- 
 bor Islands. 
 Lat. 66° 'i6' N. 
 Long. 86° 6' W. 
 
 Dec, 
 
 7,7ii. ,v. 
 7 p. m. i 
 8, 7 H. m. i 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 0, 7 a. in. 
 
 8 p.m. 
 10, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. ' 
 
 7 p. m. ' 
 
 16, 7 a. m. i 
 
 ra. ' 
 
 7 p. m. j 
 
 17,7h. m. I 
 
 m. ' 
 
 7 p. m. I 
 
 18, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. I 
 
 10,7 a. ra. I 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 20, 7 n. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 21,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 22, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 23, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 24, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 25, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 26, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 27, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 28, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 .18,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 19,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 20, 7 a. ra. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 21, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 22, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 23, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 24, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 ra. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 W 3 Clear . .. 
 
 SSW 5 I Overcast. 
 
 S . 
 s . 
 s , 
 s, 
 
 SSE 
 SSE , 
 SE... 
 
 .7 
 .6 
 ..6 
 ..4 
 ..6 
 ..7 
 
 do 
 
 . . do 
 
 . . do . 
 
 ...do 
 
 .do 
 
 Ther. lowest lost nij;lit, 14°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 28°. 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ■ 3 
 
 ■ 4 
 4 
 
 2 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 - 3 
 
 - 3 
 1 
 
 - 4 
 17 
 24 
 10 
 
 4 
 12 
 
 8 
 14 
 14 
 10 
 
 - 2 
 
 
 - 4 
 
 - 4 
 
 - 6 
 
 - 16 
 
 - 17 
 
 - 18 
 
 - 24 
 
 NW 5 1 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW . 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 N 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 N 6 
 
 N 6 
 
 N 4 
 
 NW D 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 6 
 
 NW 6 
 
 NW 7 
 
 NW 7 
 
 NW 7 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 Cloudy . . 
 .. do .... 
 ...do.... 
 ..do ... 
 ..do .... 
 ..do ... 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 — do 
 
 Oveniast . . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ...do ... . 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 ...do 
 
 . .do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy . 
 Few clouds 
 ... do 
 
 NW. 
 NW. 
 SW.. 
 SW.. 
 NW. 
 W... 
 NW. 
 
 NNW 2 i 
 
 NE 4 1 
 
 NE 6 1 
 
 N 6 i 
 
 NW 6 I 
 
 NW 6 I 
 
 NNW 6 1 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NNW 6 ■ 
 
 WNW 2 I 
 
 WNW 1 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NW 2 
 
 NW 3 
 
 Calm i 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 SE 3 
 
 SE 4 
 
 SE 3 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Cloar 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do , 
 
 Cloudy . . 
 Few clouds . | 
 Cloudy — I 
 Overcast . . 1 
 
 . . . do 
 
 . do ! 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do I 
 
 do I 
 
 Overcast — ! 
 
 .. do 1 
 
 ...do j 
 
 Few clouds ! 
 Cloudy 
 
 do ; 
 
 Clear I 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 .. do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow; ther. lowest last niglit, 32°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Tlicr. lowest last night, 10^'. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Snow and drift ; ther.lowr.it last 
 
 Snow and drift. [nigl't, 5°. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Tber. lowest last night, 0°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 4°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 0°. 
 
 Drift J ther. lowest last niglit, — 4°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift i ther. lowest last uigli t, — B°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 0°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest last night, 0°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowestlast niglit,— 2°, 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 5°. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, — 5°. 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 4°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 14°. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 i^ao .V and drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowestlastnight, — 4°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift ; tiler, lowestlastnight, — 5°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night. —18^'. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —24"^. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —34°. 
 
HaWs Meteorolotjical Journal. 
 
 527 
 
 Dkcembeu, 1800— January, 1867. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 «5th Knc't, 
 .Sl,i[)»' Har- 
 bor Islands. 
 Lat. (lC°2(i'N 
 Loiig.f.oo n'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thor. 5. 
 
 Bar. 
 In. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 SE 
 
 -6 
 
 Sliy. 
 
 F«marka. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 Ther. lowest last niclit, -24°. 
 Ther. lowest last night. —34°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —31°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —32°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 1.5°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -20°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -20°. 
 
 Ther. lowest kst night, —12°. 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest last night, —1 1°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift J ther. lowestlast night, —UP. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —HP. 
 Ther. lowest last night, -10°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —15°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, -24°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, -30°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —32°. 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, —28°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —10°. 
 Ther. lowest hist night, —28°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —28°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther.lowestlastnight.— 20°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —20°. 
 
 1 866. 
 
 Dec. 2, 7 a. ni. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 21,7 a. ui. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 22,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 23,7 a. III. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 24, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 2.5, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 26, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 27, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 28, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 20, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 30, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 31,7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 1867. 
 
 Jan. 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 2, 7 a. ra. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 3, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 4, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 5, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 0, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 7, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 8, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 0, 7 a. in. 
 
 ro. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 10, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 11,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 12, 7 a. m- 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 ■_L'24 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 31 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 31 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 25 
 
 — 24 
 
 
 NNE :;;.'.' 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 WNW.... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 '..2 
 2 
 
 '. 3 
 
 - 4 
 
 - 3 
 2 
 2 
 
 -.1 
 . 1 
 .2 
 . 1 
 -.1 
 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 "—'12' 
 
 — 7 
 
 — 11 
 
 — 26 
 
 — 22 
 -20 
 
 — 12 
 
 — U 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 11 
 
 — 12 
 
 
 NNw'.::; 
 
 NW 
 
 ."3 
 
 .2 
 -.2 
 .2 
 2 
 .2 
 
 - 2 
 . 1 
 -.1 
 . 2 
 
 - 2 
 -3 
 -.6 
 -.7 
 
 Cloudv ..i - 
 
 ...do" 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few <'louds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 F"ew clouds 
 
 Overcast .- 
 
 -.do. .. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy .. .. 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Overcast . . 
 ...do 
 
 Do 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 N 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW..-- 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 16 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 5 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 13 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 13 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 11 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 26 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 26 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 25 
 
 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 NE 
 
 NNE .... 
 
 NNE 
 
 NE 
 
 NNE 
 
 NNE 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 Calm 
 
 N 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NNE 
 
 NNE 
 
 N. 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 N 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNAV.... 
 NNW.... 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW . .. 
 NNW... 
 NNW... 
 NNW.... 
 
 sw; 
 
 sw 
 
 sw 
 
 -.8 
 
 - 8 
 . 7 
 
 -.3 
 .2 
 -.2 
 .2 
 ..2 
 ..3 
 . 3 
 ..2 
 .2 
 -.1 
 
 - 1 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 -.1 
 
 '-'.i 
 . 1 
 
 2 
 
 ! 1 
 ..1 
 . 2 
 . 1 
 
 - 1 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 ..1 
 .3 
 . 2 
 . 7 
 
 ..8 
 . 8 
 . 8 
 
 - 2 
 -.3 
 -.3 
 
 Overcast .. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Clondy ... 
 ... do 
 
 Few clouds 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy .. .. 
 
 ..do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 -- do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast . 
 
 Cloudy - - . . 
 
 . . do 
 
 OvcTcast . . 
 
 i;ioudy . . - . 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 -.do 
 
 .--.do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudv 
 
 .--.do. 
 
 .--.do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 .. do 
 
528 
 
 HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 .TaNUAUY— I'KUHUAUY, 1867. 
 
 \% 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Dftte. 
 
 Ther. 5. 
 
 ° 
 
 -25 
 
 -24 
 
 — 24 
 
 3.'i 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Bemorks. 
 
 6Jth Enc't. 
 Sliips' liar- 
 lior iHlaiiilH. 
 
 I.at. (i«0 2«'N. 
 
 Lon(i.80° O'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 18«7. 
 
 .Ian. 13,7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 14, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 1.5,7 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 in, 7 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 17, 7 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 18, 7 a. ra. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 10,7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 20, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 21,7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 22, 7 n. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 13, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 24, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 25, 7 a. ra. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 26, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 27, 7 a. ra. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 28, 7 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 20, 7 a. m. 
 
 ra. 
 
 7 p. ra. 
 
 30, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ra. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 31,7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 Feb. 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 2, 7 a. m, 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 3, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 4, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 5, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 SW 
 
 WSW .... 
 
 SSE 
 
 SW 
 
 HW 
 
 SW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW .. 
 AVNW... 
 ENE 
 
 . 4 
 
 2 
 
 '..2 
 .1 
 . 2 
 ..2 
 .1 
 
 2 
 
 '..2 
 . 5 
 ..5 
 .4 
 ..5 
 . 5 
 .4 
 . 1 
 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ..do 
 
 . ..do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 ..do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ., <lo 
 
 .♦do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Clear 
 
 .. do 
 
 Ther. lowest last nlRht, —31". 
 Ther. lowest last niRht, — n.V. 
 Ther. lowest last night, -30°. 
 Ther. lowest lost nicht, —.11°. 
 Ther. lowest last nlBht, — 3F. 
 
 Ther. loweHt last night, —31". 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —15". 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —.1". 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -12°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 3°. 
 
 Hazy. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -15°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —12°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -3°. 
 
 Drift; ther.lowesthistniglit,- 20°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -34°. 
 
 Hazv. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —34°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -30°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Fog; hazy. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, — 34°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, — 34°. 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —32°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —28°. 
 
 Snow; ther.lowestlastuight,— 28°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowestlast night, —22°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —30°. 
 
 — 30 ! 
 
 — 34 1 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 38 1 
 
 — 34 1 
 
 — 31 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 31 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 31 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 3 
 
 = ?, 
 
 — 12 
 
 6 
 8 
 4 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 — 14 
 -12 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 12 
 
 .. 
 
 NNE .... 
 
 SE 
 
 N 
 
 NNE 
 
 N 
 
 NW 
 
 NNE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 ENE 
 
 NE 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW.... 
 NAV 
 
 . 1 
 
 .2 
 ..2 
 . 3 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..2 
 
 2 
 
 .1 
 
 . 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 ' i 
 
 ;} 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 .. do ; 
 
 ... do 
 
 Overcast . . 
 Cloudv .. .. 
 
 ...do". 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudv .. . 
 
 ...do" 
 
 Overcast .. 
 ...do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clondy 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 '—'26' 
 
 — 2,'^' 
 
 — 31) 
 
 — 33 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 2(! 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 32 
 -37 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 33 
 
 — 37 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 5 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 33 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 39 
 
 
 
 
 
 Calm 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW ;.'!.'.'; 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW . .. 
 NNW .... 
 NNW.... 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 Calm ... 
 
 NNE 
 
 NNE 
 
 NE . ... 
 
 N-E 
 
 WSW .... 
 
 w 
 
 w 
 
 N 
 
 NNE 
 
 NNK .... 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 8 
 
 SSE 
 
 SSE 
 
 NNW.... 
 NNW.... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 SW 
 
 Calm 
 
 .1 
 . 2 
 
 ' 
 . (1 
 . 4 
 . 5 
 .0 
 . 3 
 . fi 
 
 ..5 
 
 . 5 
 
 2 
 
 .4 
 .4 
 .4 
 ..4 
 . 3 
 . 3 
 . 3 
 . 2 
 ..2 
 . 2 
 . 1 
 2 
 .'4 
 
 . 6 
 
 .8 
 ..7 
 ..6 
 .2 
 .1 
 ..1 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 . do 
 
 do .. .. 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 .. do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Few clouds 
 ...do 
 
 Cioiuiv .'.'.'". . 
 
 ... do ' 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 Cloudy 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ..do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clondy . 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds 
 do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do.. 
 
 Overcast . . 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 Cloudv 
 
 do' 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 .. do 
 
 . . . do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 
 
(I 
 
 HaWa Metcoioloffkul Journal. 
 
 FKUUUAKY, IHI')?. 
 
 529 
 
 Locality. 
 
 O.'.tli Eni't, 
 Hliipn' 11,11' 
 lior iMlniulH. 
 
 I.nt. CUailli'X. 
 
 Liiii(,'.8(io o/\v 
 
 Dnto. 
 
 Ther.8. 
 
 1807. 1 o 
 
 Fill. 6, 7 n. m. — 40 
 
 III. — ;i4 
 
 7 p. ni. — !18 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Jn. 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 ' NNW 1 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Bcmorki. 
 
 Clonr Thor. Inwput ln*t iiljilit, — 40°. 
 
 <lo I 
 
 ..do .... 
 
 Regiiilcr kvjit diiihit/ Ilall'njoiiniey to JytocUk by Frank Leonard (or Luiliirt), a teaman. 
 Locality. , Onto. jTlior. 6.1 Bar. I 
 
 I 
 
 Wind. 
 
 I 1807. 
 
 leiith Knc't, rdi. n, 
 1 Sliips' liar- 
 
 bov iHlaiiilx. ' 
 Lnt. BIPIIO'N. 
 iLoiii!.SG=' (yW. 
 
 —20°. 
 
 -34°. 
 -34°. 
 
 —28°. 
 
 Do... 
 
 Do... 
 
 Do... 
 
 Do... 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1", 
 11. 
 12, 
 
 in, 
 
 14, 
 15, 
 10, 
 
 n, 
 
 18, 
 10, 
 20, 
 21, 
 22, 
 23, 
 24, 
 2.-1, 
 20, 
 27, 
 28, 
 
 Jn. 
 
 11. III. 
 
 ill. 
 |). III. 
 II. III. 
 
 III. 
 1>- m. 
 II. 111. 
 
 III.] 
 p. ni. 1 
 a. til. 
 
 m. i 
 p. III. 
 II. III. 
 
 ni. 
 ]i. III. 
 II. 111. ' 
 
 111. 
 p. III. ! 
 ii. III. j 
 
 111.; 
 p. III. 1 
 
 U. III. ' 
 
 111. 
 p. III. 
 
 U. III. I 
 
 III.; 
 p. ni. 
 II. ni. 
 
 in. 
 p. ni. 
 ii. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 p. ni. 
 n. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 ji. 111. 
 a. HI. 
 
 ni. 
 p. 111. 
 a. III. 
 
 III. 
 ]i. III. 
 n. III. 
 
 m. 
 p. ni. 
 n. III. 
 
 ni. 
 p. ni. 
 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 p. m. 
 a. ni. 
 
 111. 
 p. 111. 
 
 U. 111. 
 
 111. 
 p. m. 
 a. III. 
 
 m. 
 p.m. 
 
 27 , 
 
 no I 
 
 ' 30 , 
 •37 
 ■ 42 ' 
 
 • 30 
 
 • 42 I 
 
 • 37 
 
 . 30 . 
 . 32 I 
 
 - 32 ' 
 ■32 I 
 
 - 3(i ' 
 ■30 1 
 ■24 I 
 
 :J 
 
 . Dt 1 
 
 - 2(i 
 
 - 30 1 
 -34 I 
 
 - 32 ! 
 
 - 30 
 
 - 3."> 
 
 - 34 . 
 
 - 33 
 -24 I 
 
 i SK .. I.ljilit 
 
 .: N\V ..U-lit 
 
 I N\V .AAiihi 
 
 .1 NW ..Liylit 
 
 .1 NW ..Li-lit.. 
 
 .' N.N'W Lifilit 
 
 .; NW . I.i'.'lit 
 
 .1 NW ..I.iiilit.- 
 
 NW . 
 NE . 
 NK . 
 KN K 
 NW . 
 NIO .. 
 N1-; .. 
 K ... 
 K ... 
 SE . . . 
 SK . . . 
 NK 
 
 Lililit 
 I.l'.'lit. 
 l.iiht 
 I-i-lit 
 I.ittlit 
 .l.i-lil. 
 l.iL'lit. 
 I.iuht 
 l.ifilil. 
 Stiiiiiii 
 SI roll',' 
 Siroii'i 
 
 WofttUcr. 
 
 Bemarki. 
 
 N St rim j: 
 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 
 .(iiilo . 
 
 ..(Sail' . 
 ..!'>( si I 
 . . i'Vcsli 
 . .I'n «li 
 
 . .Stmiiij 
 .. Strong 
 ..Strcmij 
 
 ■ 22 
 . 20 
 
 • 20 
 
 • 23 
 
 • 20 
 
 ■ 18 
 
 ■ 20 
 ■20 
 . 20 
 -24 
 
 - 22 
 
 - 12 
 
 - 13 
 
 - 14 
 _ ,j 
 
 - 8 
 
 - 20 
 
 - 14 
 
 - 20 
 
 - 20 
 
 - 20 
 
 - 28 
 
 - 30 
 
 - 20 
 
 - 30 
 
 - 32 
 -.30 
 -38 
 
 NNW (liilc 
 NNW (iaic 
 NNW Call' 
 
 NW 
 NW 
 N VV 
 NK 
 NE 
 NK 
 NK 
 SK. 
 SE. 
 SE. 
 SE. 
 SK. 
 SE. 
 E 
 
 Sti-ciii!; 
 
 ..EiihIi 
 
 . . Fresh . . 
 
 . I'rcsh. 
 
 ..Krcsh.. 
 
 . -I'ri'.sli. . 
 
 ..Litilit. 
 .. I.hlit. 
 .. Li^'lit. 
 ...I.ii;lit. 
 . . .Frcsli. 
 .. .Frchli. 
 .. StioiiK 
 Evfsli 
 
 E.lnNl''r('Hli- 
 NW ..I.i-lil. 
 NW ..LiL'lit. 
 NW ..Limlit . 
 NW ..Lijilit. 
 NW ..Li;:lit. 
 NW ..Lifiht. 
 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 
 NW ..Light. 
 
 Tlicr. lowest lii8t nislit, —'^>*°- 
 TJicr. lowest, last niglit, —10^ 
 Thcr. lowest last ni^'bt, —20°. 
 
 I'liif- ' 
 
 ...do 
 
 do • 
 
 Cloudy I Ther. lowest last niglit, — 40°. 
 
 Eiuo.'. 1 
 
 .. do .: 
 
 . . ilo Tlior. lowest lost nijilit, —44°. 
 
 .. do . 
 
 ..do 
 
 Cloudy . . - ■ 'l'l»'r. lowest last nlglit, — 12°. 
 
 ..do' 
 
 .. do j 
 
 Fine I 
 
 . . ilo ; 
 
 ...do .. 
 Cloiidy . 
 ....do' .. 
 Stormy 
 ...do'.., 
 .. do . 
 .. do .. 
 ...do .. 
 . . do . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 I'inci . . ■ Till r. lowest last nifilit, — 30°. 
 
 ...do ; 
 
 do 
 
 Stonily ; Tlier. lowest lost night, — 37°. 
 
 ■ ■ do ; 
 
 . . do ! 
 
 do Thcr. lowest last night, — 34°. 
 
 ...do I 
 
 ' " di> " ! i ! i Ther. lowest last night, — 22°. 
 .. do I 
 
 i.'iil," I Thrr. lowestlastnisht, — 20°. 
 
 ...do ; 
 
 ...do I 
 
 n.izv ' Thcr. lowest last niglit, — 30°. 
 
 ...d'o : 
 
 . 'do .'.'.... Ther. lowest last niglit, —28°. 
 .. do 
 
 Sfonny Tlicr. lowest last night, — 14°. 
 
 Tliiclv' 
 
 ... .do I 
 
 Fine ' Thor. lowest last night, —22-'. 
 
 ....do I 
 
 ...do 
 
 do . . Thcr. lowest last night, — 30°. 
 
 . . do 
 
 I.iglit 
 .Light. 
 .Light. 
 . Fresh . 
 
 Light. 
 
 .. do . 
 . . do . 
 . . .do . 
 . . do . 
 ...do . 
 ...do. 
 ...do. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, — 30°, 
 Ther. lowest la.st night, —38°. 
 
 S. Ex. 27 34 
 
 1. iii 
 
r 
 
 •:m 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 !l 
 
 
 1 If 
 
 : 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ! ■; 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 ,) '■ 
 
 • «i 
 
 , '1 
 
 
 1 
 
 :^^| 
 
 : 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ,; 
 
 
 131 
 
 :f 
 
 530 
 
 lloWs Mctforolof/irnl Journal. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 tr.tli Kiic't. 
 
 Kliiim' lliiilioi' 
 
 InIiiiiiIh. 
 I-nt. (ia°l!ll'N. 
 U)Dii.m° (I'W 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Dd 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 DatK. 
 
 Thcr. S. 
 
 1867, 
 Hnr. 1, 
 
 8, 
 
 4, 
 1. 
 «. 
 7, 
 », 
 1>. 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 12. 
 13, 
 14, 
 15, 
 16," 
 IT, 
 18, 
 IB, 
 20, 
 21, 
 22, 
 23, 
 24, 
 
 a. m. 
 
 III. 
 p. III. 
 a. III. 
 
 ni. 
 p.m. 
 u. ni. 
 
 III. 
 p. III. 
 
 III. 
 
 III. 
 p. ni. 
 n. III. 
 
 III. 
 p. III. 
 n. in. 
 
 III. 
 p. III. 
 II. m. 
 
 III. 
 p. ni. 
 II. III. 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 32 
 22 
 
 — 18 
 
 — IH 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 26 
 
 — 2U 
 22 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 32 
 ^ ''2 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 32 
 22 
 
 III. 
 
 -10 
 
 p. III. 
 
 - 10 
 
 II. I.I. 
 
 — 10 
 
 m. 
 
 — ■:, 
 
 p. III. 
 
 — 23 
 
 a. III. 
 
 — 22 
 
 III. 
 
 — 12 
 
 p. HI. 
 
 — 20 
 
 n. III. 
 
 — IH 
 
 m. 
 
 — 14 
 
 p.m. 
 
 — 22 
 
 n. HI. 
 
 — 12 
 
 m. 
 
 — 8 
 
 p.m. 
 
 5 
 
 a. m. 
 
 
 III. 
 
 
 
 p.m. 
 
 — 
 
 a. III. 
 
 
 
 111. 
 
 5 
 
 p.m. 
 
 3 
 
 a. 111. 
 
 16 
 
 111. 
 
 28 
 
 p.m. 
 
 20 
 
 a. ra. 
 
 4 
 
 m. 
 
 5 
 
 p.m. 
 
 — 3 
 
 a. in. 
 
 2 
 
 ra. 
 
 2 
 
 p. 111. 
 
 — 14 
 
 a. ni. 
 
 — 10 
 
 m. 
 
 — 
 
 p. 111. 
 
 — 10 
 
 a. m. 
 
 — 2 
 
 m. 
 
 2 
 
 p. m. 
 
 — 10 
 
 a. m. 
 
 — 8 
 
 m. 
 
 
 
 p. 111. 
 
 — 14 
 
 a. ra. 
 
 — 12 
 
 m. 
 
 
 
 p. m. 
 
 — 2 
 
 a. m. 
 
 3 
 
 m. 
 
 8 
 
 p. m. 
 
 8 
 
 a. ra. 
 
 12 
 
 m. 
 
 2 
 
 p. m. 
 
 — fl 
 
 a. m. 
 
 — 2 
 
 ra. 
 
 8 
 
 p.m. 
 
 — 18 
 
 Ilnr. 
 
 In, 
 
 M;MtCH, lH(i7. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 W .. 
 
 NK . 
 NE . 
 
 HK .. 
 NK ... 
 NK . 
 NK .. 
 X .. 
 NNW 
 N\V .. 
 N\V 
 N\V . 
 NNE 
 KNK.. 
 NK .. 
 NW . 
 N W . 
 N\V .. 
 NK .. 
 NK .. 
 NK... 
 NK .. 
 NK .. 
 NK .. 
 NK .. 
 NE... 
 NW .. 
 N\V . . 
 NW .. 
 N\V.. 
 NK... 
 NK .. 
 NW.. 
 NE... 
 NK... 
 NE... 
 E .. 
 E ... 
 
 E 
 
 NE . . . 
 NE .. 
 
 N 
 
 NE . . 
 NK ... 
 NE ... 
 S .... 
 
 sw ., 
 
 NW .. 
 SW... 
 SW ., 
 NW . . 
 NW .. 
 NW . 
 NW . 
 N.... 
 N.... 
 N.... 
 NW . 
 NW . 
 NW . 
 NE . . 
 SW.. 
 w .. 
 NE .. 
 NE .. 
 E .... 
 E ... 
 SE... 
 SW.. 
 
 S 
 
 Calm . 
 NW . 
 
 Wiothur. 
 
 Finn . . . . 
 
 .. «lo... 
 
 ...do .. 
 
 Cloiulv . 
 
 . do . . . 
 
 I Thli^k .. 
 
 ....do... 
 
 I (Moiidy . 
 
 ' .. do ... 
 
 .. do .. 
 
 .. do . . , 
 
 (Moiidv 
 I llmi.'.., 
 I .. do ... 
 I . . do . . 
 
 . . do . , . 
 I . . . do . . . 
 
 . . do . . 
 ....do .. 
 
 ...do .. 
 
 Stoi-my . 
 
 ...do . .. 
 
 . . do . . . 
 
 Thick .. 
 
 Finn — 
 I. ...do ., 
 I .. do ... 
 
 Mulit . 
 
 Ui-M ■ 
 Mj.'ht. 
 TMM . 
 LlKht. 
 MKht 
 Krculi . . 
 Mu'lif . 
 Stroil;{ 
 KrcHJi . 
 
 KlCRll.. 
 I'lVsll 
 
 I.i'lht 
 M'.'lit. 
 
 I.lL'Ilt . 
 
 Mulit . 
 
 I.JL'Ilt 
 
 I,l;:lit . 
 
 LlL'tlt . 
 
 Li-lit . 
 LiKlit.. 
 Stroiijj 
 StroiiR. 
 Stionij 
 Lli-ht . . 
 Lifllit . . 
 Litilit . . 
 I.lclit . 
 I.ii.'lit..!....clo . 
 I-liilit. . do , 
 
 ElCHJl. 
 
 KrcHli . . 
 Erosli.. 
 Unlii . . . 
 Gulo . . . 
 Oalo . . . 
 FrcHh.. 
 Strong. 
 Stron.g. 
 Krosli . . 
 I'VcHh . . 
 Strong . 
 Strong. 
 Strong. 
 Strong. 
 Light.. 
 Light.. 
 Li^ilit.. 
 Light . . 
 l'"ic»li.. 
 Light . . 
 Light . . 
 Light.. 
 Light.. 
 Light.. 
 .Light. . 
 .Frrsh . 
 .Light.. 
 .Light.. 
 .Light.. 
 .Light.. 
 .Light.. 
 Light. . 
 .EroBh . 
 .FrpHh . 
 Fiosh . 
 Strong. 
 .Strong 
 .Frpsh . 
 .Light.. 
 
 Light. 
 
 Tliirk 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 
 Thick" 
 
 Stormy 
 
 do '. 
 
 ...do 
 
 Fine 
 
 Thick 
 
 Stormy 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 
 Stonny 
 
 . do 
 
 . . . .do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Fino 
 
 ....<lo 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Fino 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Thick 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Stormy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Fino 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ItcmarkM. 
 
 Thor. lowmt last night, — 42o. 
 Thcr. lowoiit IiMt night,- X'°. 
 Drift I thcr. lowcatliwtnlKht, —24". 
 
 Thcr. lowest limt night, —33". 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Thcr. lowoiit laid night, — 27°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest laBt night,- 38". 
 
 Thcr. lowest lust night, — 30°. 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, — 30°. 
 
 Ther. lowest Inst night, — 18°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest lust night, -34°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -30°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 23°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night,— 2°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, — 12°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, 8°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, S". 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, — 5°. 
 
 Thor. lowest ^ast night, —20°. 
 
 Thor. lowest laat night, — 19°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest hist night, —20°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -24°. 
 
 Drifti ther.lowestlastnlght,- 12°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, 8°. 
 Thor. lowest last night, —8°. 
 
IlalP.s Metroroloffiral Journal. 
 I'F.nnuAnY— Maucii— Armi,, 1807. 
 
 581 
 
 Looollty. 
 
 fl.'itll Eiic'f. 
 Bliiim' llarlior 
 
 iHlaiidH, 
 
 I,at. (WO'JO'N. 
 
 Long.Bflo o'W, 
 
 Do.. 
 Do . 
 
 Do . 
 
 Do . 
 
 Do.. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Woatber. 
 
 Light.. 
 
 .LiulVt'.. 
 
 .t.iu'lit.. 
 I,lulit.. 
 
 .Lifjlit.. 
 Llu'lil 
 
 .Li;;lil.. 
 KvchIi . 
 
 .Fn'Hli 
 StiouK 
 
 .KithIi 
 Llglit 
 StronK 
 
 . FrcBli 
 l''n'Hli 
 Slioiin 
 Stroll (J 
 I'IihIi 
 
 .Mi'ld 
 UnM. 
 
 .I,lKlit. 
 
 .Strmi'; 
 .(iaio . 
 .Lii;lit. 
 .(iiUe.. 
 .dale.. 
 .FiihIi 
 . Fresh 
 . Li-'lit . 
 .Ll^rht. 
 .Lij-ht. 
 .Light. 
 
 Remnrki. 
 
 Thcr. lowciit last night, — ™.'°. 
 Ther. lowest liwt night, —•:»". 
 Tbor. lowest last night, — Ito. 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest laHt night, — O". 
 Thei. lowest last nlgUt, 'Jo. 
 
 Flno 
 
 .. do 
 
 ..do 
 
 i do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ! Thiek 
 
 1 Finn 
 
 .1 . . do ... 
 
 ' Thiek ... 
 , 1 . . do .... 
 
 ' Stormy . 
 
 ' Thiek ... 
 .1 Fine 
 
 1 Stormy . . 
 .'. do 
 
 I Thiek ... 
 do 
 
 ! stormy i Ther. lowepl last nisht, Ifl". 
 
 Tliiek I Drill. 
 
 . ... .lo 1 
 
 .1 .. do i Snow; ther. liiwosl last night, 4° 
 
 .j . . do Snow. 
 
 . I . . do Snow. 
 
 ,' Slorniy Ther. lowest last night, .'A 
 
 .!....do 
 
 .1 Cloudy Ther. hiwest last night, —'J". 
 
 .1 Slorin'y ! 
 
 .! do i 
 
 1 Fine.... ...| Ther. lowest last night, — lt<°. 
 
 i--;!;; 1 
 
 i '.! dll ".'.'.'.'J Ther. lowest last night. -24° 
 
 .1 .. do 
 
 . do 
 
 Hall's ohsrn-aliuiiH on xlcthjcjniinirii to J'j-loo-Ul. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 1st Igloo. 
 Lat. (iO°3r>'N. 
 Long.80O(?)W, 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 2d Igloo. 
 
 3d Igloo. 
 Ross Hay. 
 
 4th Igloo. 
 
 Near Iseebar- 
 
 hic Cr. 
 
 5th Igloo. 
 
 flth Igloo. 
 
 Do 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thci 5. Bar. 
 
 •wind. 
 
 
 Sky. 
 
 liomnrkB. 
 
 1807. 
 
 Feb. 7,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ui. 
 
 8, 7 a. m. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 0, 7 n. m. 
 
 UI. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 10, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 11,7 *. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 12, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 13, 7 a. III. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 34,7 a. m. 
 
 
 
 — 41 
 
 — 37 
 
 — 45 
 
 — 38 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 311 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 42 
 -42 
 
 — 36 
 
 — 37 
 
 — 44 
 
 — 38 
 
 — 48 
 
 — 47 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 35 
 
 — 40 
 
 — 40 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 16 
 
 -15 
 
 — 18 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \NW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 Calm 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 SK 
 
 Calm 
 
 ..1 
 ..I 
 
 . 3 
 
 Clear 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 Few elonds . 
 
 do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 do 
 
 ...do. .. 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, —41°. 
 Ther. lowest last night.— 4.')°. 
 
 >W 
 
 . 1 
 
 Ther. lowest last niglil,— 34°. 
 
 NE 
 
 NN'W ... 
 
 Calm 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —44°. 
 
 SW 
 
 NAV 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 E 
 
 ?{W 
 
 NW 
 
 NAV 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 .1 
 .2 
 ..I 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 -.2 
 .2 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 ..1 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —44°. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, —50°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -34°. 
 
 Fog ; ther. lowest last niglit, —47°. 
 Fog. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 15, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 SE 
 
 NE 
 
 NE 
 
 NNE.... 
 
 . 3 
 
 ..7 
 
 ..8 
 
 . 7 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Snow and d'ift; ther. hiwest last 
 
 night, —27°. 
 Snow and drift. 
 Snow and drift. 
 
* 1 
 
 1:11 
 
 > 
 
 i, 
 
 M 
 
 ' wl 
 
 b'62 
 
 HalPs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 Februauy — Maiicii, I8G7. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thor. 5. 
 
 Bar. Wind. 
 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Bemarka. 
 
 
 1867. 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 In. I 
 
 
 
 
 6tU Igloo. 
 
 Fell. 11), 7 a. in. 
 in. 
 
 2.3 
 
 j{ 
 
 q 
 
 
 Drift: ther. lowest lastniThl 23°. 
 
 — 20 
 
 i N 
 
 .10 
 
 
 Drift. 
 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 — 24 
 
 W 
 
 ..5 
 
 Cloar 
 
 
 7th Igloo. 
 
 17,7 a. m. 
 
 — 32 
 
 N 
 
 .1 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 32°. 
 
 NoarPiusuar- 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 32 I 
 
 >NW .... 
 
 ..4 
 
 . . . do 
 
 
 ku Mt. 
 
 7 p. III. 
 
 — 42 
 
 
 
 KNW .... 
 
 . 2 
 
 F(!\v clouds 
 
 
 Do 
 
 18,7 a. m. 
 ni. 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 28 
 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .7 
 . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 .. do 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowcstlast night,— 40°. 
 Diilt. 
 
 
 >W 
 
 
 7 11. 111. 
 
 - 23 
 
 KW 
 
 . () 
 
 .. (10 
 
 Drift. 1 
 
 Do 
 
 10, 7 a. 111. 
 
 — 21 
 
 I NE 
 
 .8 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drill ; ther. hl^■estlastnight.— 23°. 1 
 
 
 111. 
 
 — 12 
 
 1 j;e 
 
 ..7 
 
 ....do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 23 
 
 '' NE 
 
 .5 
 
 ... do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 8th IghM). 
 
 20,7 a. 111. 
 
 — 14 
 
 KE 
 
 . -i) 
 
 .. do 
 
 Fotv ; ther. lowest last night, — 23°. 
 
 
 111. 
 
 — 10 
 
 
 N 
 
 . 4 
 
 ....do 
 
 Suovv. 1 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 ..5 
 
 Overcast. . . 
 
 Snow. 1 
 
 Olh lulipo. 
 
 21,7 a. 111. 
 
 — 37 
 
 
 KNW.... 
 
 •J 
 
 l'"i!W clouds 
 
 Tlier. hiwest last night, —37°. 
 
 Uosooai'kii. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 15 
 
 
 NW... . 
 
 ..1 
 
 Clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 32 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .3 
 
 ...do 
 
 1 
 
 10th Igloo. 
 
 22, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 — 34 
 
 
 NW 
 
 . 1 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —34°. ! 
 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 23, 7 a. 111. 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 aw 
 
 . .3 
 
 ..do 
 
 Clear 
 
 1 
 
 
 >JW 
 
 o 
 
 
 nth Tgloo. 
 
 -30 
 
 NW 
 
 . 1 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —30^. 
 
 N'llngnuktoo. 
 
 in. 
 
 — -S 
 
 N \V 
 
 .4 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 s 
 
 . 4 
 
 . do 
 
 
 1 12th I.rloo. 
 
 24, 7 a. Ul, 
 
 — 
 
 
 E 
 
 ..5 
 
 Overcast. .. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -20°. i 
 
 ! N'rOoglitlsle. 
 
 in. 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 E 
 
 . 7 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Drift. ■ 
 
 
 7 p. lu. 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 E 
 
 .8 
 
 ...do' 
 
 Diilt. 1 
 
 lath Igloo. 
 
 25, 7 a. 111. 
 
 3 
 
 
 Calm .... 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 Snow. 
 
 1 
 
 ui. 
 
 10 
 
 
 KW 
 
 . 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 2 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .1 
 
 ..do 
 
 
 Itth Igloo. 
 N'rPingitkalik 
 
 2fi, ni. 
 
 — 8 
 
 
 
 
 ..do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 10°. 
 
 >27. 7 a. Ul. 
 
 — 3(1 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .4 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -40°. 
 
 »15th Iploo. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 34 
 
 
 NW 
 
 . 5 
 
 (.'loudv 
 
 
 Igloolik. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 — 38 
 
 
 K\V 
 
 . 3 
 
 I'ew clouds 
 
 
 1 Do 
 
 28, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 — 34 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..(i 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest la8tnight,—380. 
 
 1 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 33 
 
 
 KW 
 
 •7 
 
 -..do 
 
 Few cloud.s 
 
 Drift. 
 
 NW 
 
 . 3 
 
 Do 
 
 Mar. 1,7 a. ui. 
 
 — 40 
 
 
 >W 
 
 .1 
 
 .. do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 40=. 
 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 K\V 
 
 .1 
 
 . . do 
 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 43 
 
 
 ^^'w ... 
 
 .2 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 2, 7 a. lu. 
 
 — 20 
 
 i S 
 
 .3 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 
 
 ni. 
 
 — 17 
 
 s 
 
 . 4 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 23 
 
 .. s 
 
 ..3 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 1 Do 
 
 3, 7 a. ni. 
 
 — 29 
 
 ' N 
 
 3 
 
 ..do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —32°. 
 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 24 
 
 1 NXW ... 
 
 . 5 
 
 ....do 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 4, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 III. 
 
 — 3(i 
 
 ; N\V 
 
 . . . ;) 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 
 1 Do 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 33 
 
 
 X\V 
 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest lastnight,— 30°. 
 Drift. 
 
 
 N\V 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 37 
 
 ' NAV 
 
 ...3 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 
 1 Do 
 
 5, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 41 
 
 — 33 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 
 .3 
 .1 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 41°. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 — 45 
 
 
 XNW ... 
 
 'J 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 
 ' IGth lch)0. 
 Kear Igloolik. 
 
 6, 7 a. III. 
 
 — 45 
 
 
 X 
 
 o 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, —48°. 
 
 111. 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 -.3 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 — 42 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .. 2 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 7, 7 a. m. 
 
 — 38 
 
 
 t'lilm... 
 
 
 .. do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 40°. 
 
 
 ni. 
 
 — 31 
 
 
 N\V 
 
 <> 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 S\V 
 
 ...1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 1 Do 
 
 8, 7 a. III. 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 XW 
 
 ...1 
 
 Clear 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, — 42°. 
 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 28 
 
 - 20 
 
 
 ].; 
 
 3 
 
 
 Hazy. 
 Hazy. 
 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 Do 
 
 0, 7 n. ni. 
 in. 
 
 — 15 
 
 
 E 
 
 II 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest lastnight,— 21°. 
 
 
 — 4 
 
 
 E 
 
 ..4 
 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 — 13 
 
 
 E 
 
 •> 
 
 .. do 
 
 
 17th Igloo. 
 
 10, 7 a. ni. 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 N 
 
 . 1 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —22°. 
 
 Tern Isl. 
 
 m. 
 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 '» 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 
 XNW ... 
 
 ...1 
 
 Few cloi 
 
 
 i I8th, same as 
 
 U, 7 11. m. 
 
 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 ! lUth Igloo. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 XW 
 
 2 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 ; Do... 
 
 12, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 — 15 
 
 
 E 
 
 . . 7 
 
 Overcast . . - 
 
 Drift; ther. lowestlast night,— 31°. 
 
 
 in. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 ESE 
 
 ...8 
 ...8 
 
 
 Snow anil drift. 
 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 
HalVs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 533 
 
 March— April — May, 1867. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 lTher.5, 
 
 I 
 
 
 I8th Iploosanip 
 , as Killi. 
 
 Do 
 Do 
 
 I 
 
 1st luloo ofrc- 
 lurn.iiiarlg- 
 loolik. 
 Do 
 
 2d Ifjloo of re- 
 tiiiii. 
 
 3d Ij;loo of I'e- 
 tuni, onNi'W 
 Laki-. 
 
 4tli I;;loo of 
 let mil. 
 
 5tli IrIoo of 
 ritiini. west 
 of Ainitokc. 
 
 0th I'jloo of 
 return, sumo 
 iisOlli (if out- 
 wa'd.joumov, 
 Oosuoarkii. 
 
 7th l!;loo of 
 return. 
 
 8th Ijiloo of 
 return. 
 
 Otii Ifihio (if re- 
 turn, n'r I'iu- 
 ;:uarkn Mt. 
 
 lUth I'lloo of 
 return. 
 
 nth Isloo of 
 
 return, iii'nr 
 
 Lvou'.s Inlet. 
 
 Shii)«' Harbor 
 
 IslanclB. 
 Lot. (>tP2(VN. 
 LonK.80^ O'W.l 
 I 
 
 Do I 
 
 1887. 
 
 Mar. 13, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 ji. ni. 
 
 14,7 p. ni. 
 
 l.-|,7a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 in, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 17, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 18, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 10, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 20, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 21,7 a.m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 22, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 23, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 24, 7 a. in. 
 
 ra. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 2.'), 7 a. ui. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 20, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 27, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. lu. 
 
 28, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 Apr.2t,0.3Un.in.' 
 
 m.i 
 
 9.30p.ni. 
 
 2j,9.30a.m.! 
 
 in.l 
 
 28,0.30 n.m.i 
 
 iBt lirloo. Fort Mav 1,7 a. 
 Hope. 
 
 2d Icloo. 
 Christie Lake. 
 Do 
 
 Il.l 1^'Uio. 
 Mile.s Lalte 
 
 Do 
 
 0th Igluu. 
 Kcar Capo 
 Wevuton. 
 Do 
 
 7 p. 
 2, 10 a. 
 
 X 7 a. 
 
 4,7 a. 
 
 I p. 
 .I, 7 a. 
 
 8,7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 0,7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 m. 
 ni. 
 lu. 
 
 m. 
 m. I 
 in. I 
 in. 
 
 m. 
 in. I 
 
 m.| 
 
 '"•1 
 m. I 
 ni. I 
 in. 
 111. I 
 
 m. I 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 10 
 10 
 11 
 18 
 10 
 20 
 
 7 i 
 
 4 ; 
 10 j 
 
 • 10 i 
 
 ■ "I 
 
 .18 
 .18 
 
 :1S 
 "J I 
 
 . 10 ' 
 .12 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 . 20 
 
 * 
 
 ■ * 
 
 10 I 
 . 1 i 
 
 ■ 7 I 
 
 
 ■ 10 
 
 • 18 
 
 • 14 
 
 • 17 
 
 - 28 
 . 4 
 
 • 19 
 
 • 23 
 
 - 5 
 •28 
 
 • 12 
 . 5 
 
 2 
 
 ■ 3 
 
 
 - 10 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 1 
 10 
 10 
 13 
 10 
 17 
 12 
 14 
 15 
 15 
 24? 
 18 
 18 
 20 
 22 
 23 
 22 
 
 Bar. 
 
 In. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Slty. 
 
 RemarliR. 
 
 SE... 
 SB .. 
 Calm. 
 NE.. 
 
 E 
 
 E . . . 
 SE 
 
 .. 1 
 
 SE r. 
 
 SE .I 
 
 (Jalm 
 
 KW 1 
 
 Calm 
 
 SW . . . . 
 N\V ... 
 NW ... 
 N\V . . . 
 N\V ... 
 N\V ... 
 N\V ... 
 N \V . . . 
 I ^\V ... 
 
 ! N\V ... 
 I SW . . . . 
 ' SW.... 
 
 ! NW ... 
 
 ... 
 ... 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 N .I 
 
 NE .I 
 
 NE 5 
 
 .SW 
 
 SE 3 
 
 SE 2 
 
 SW 2 
 
 SW 2 
 
 W 
 
 "W 1 
 
 SW 2 
 
 WSW 1 
 
 SSW 2 
 
 Calm 
 
 W 1 
 
 SW 1 
 
 XE h 
 
 NE 7 
 
 NE 
 
 N.VE 4 
 
 NNE 3 
 
 NNE 7 
 
 E 3 
 
 NE 3 
 
 NE 2 
 
 Cloudy ... 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do.. 
 
 ... do ! 
 
 Cloudy j 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Tew clouds . ! 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ()v(>ica8t ... 
 l'"ew clouds : 
 
 Clear [ 
 
 . . do t 
 
 . . (h) I 
 
 . . do i 
 
 ....do I 
 
 ...do I 
 
 Vvw clouds .\ 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . , 
 
 .. do \ 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Cloudv 
 
 . . do '. 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 ...do ! 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast | 
 
 ...do j 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 . . . do 
 
 . . do 
 
 . . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 Clear 
 
 . do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 Overcast — ' 
 
 Snow and drift; ther. lowest last 
 Snow and drift. [night, ;fi. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last nif;ht, Ifi" 
 Ther. lowest last ni"ht, — 7". 
 
 Ther. lowest last ni ;ht, — 10°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last naht, — 10^. 
 Drift. 
 
 Cloudy . 
 ....do ., 
 
 (hi journvy to Cape Wei/nton. 
 
 ! S.SE ! Cloudv 
 
 ' SSE I. ..do". 
 
 SSE .')... do . 
 
 I SSE 5 I Overcast 
 
 I SSE r> 
 
 NW 7 
 
 WNW 7 
 
 I WNW 2 
 
 WNW 
 
 WNW 
 
 NW 2 
 
 NW 1 
 
 Cloudy 
 Overcast. 
 ...do .... 
 
 SE ., 
 SE.. 
 SE . 
 SSE. 
 SSE. 
 SSE. 
 
 Cliuidy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 .. do 
 
 Chmdy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Ther. lowest uiKlit - 20°. 
 
 Ther. lowest niRht, - 24". 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow; ther. lowest last night, — 4". 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest la.sl night, — 1 1°. 
 Snow. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last uiglit, — 20°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 30^. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 2S^. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowestlast night. — 20°. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 
 Hazy; ther. lowest last night, — 12". 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 12<'. 
 Hazy; ther. lowest last night, — 10°. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest lastnight, — ,5°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 10°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest liistnight, 12°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Thor. lowest last, —10°. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, 18°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Snow and drift ; ther. lowest last 
 
 Snow and drift. [night, 22°. 
 
 Snow and drift. 
 

 i. ' 
 
 t; : ■ 
 ■ 
 
 j 
 
 
 ' ^ 
 
 1 1 
 
 534 
 
 HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 May, 181)7— Ai'iUL, 1H(W. 
 
 \ i 
 
 H 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Oth Isloo. 
 No 111- Capo 
 
 Wcvntiin. 
 1st lijlouuf re- 
 turn. 
 i Enc^t Mo. 120. 
 I Sliijis' lliirlior 
 
 ILat. GUojC'Jf. 
 Loiig.b(P O'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 Unto. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 tS(i7. 
 
 ilay lu, 7 a. in. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 11, 7 II. 111. 
 
 July 15, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 10, 7 a. III. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 17, 7 a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 18,7 a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 II. 111. 
 
 l!l, 7 a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 20, 7 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 21, 7 a. ni. 
 
 III. 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 22, V a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 2:t, 7 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 24, 7 a. ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 2.">, 7 a. III. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 20, 7 a. 111. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 27, 7 a. 111. 
 
 in. 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 28, 7 a. III. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 29, 7 a. 111. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 30, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 31, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 Auj;. 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 Thcv. 5. Bur. 
 
 :m 
 
 28 
 23 
 
 J2 
 .'JO 
 4,') 
 40 
 
 sr. 
 
 43 
 42 
 'lO 
 42 
 41 
 42 
 411 
 42 
 4.S 
 42 
 48 
 
 :>:> 
 
 M 
 41 
 02 
 40 
 .51 
 
 4(1 
 40 
 48 
 42 
 47 
 4!) 
 42 
 4.-> 
 50 
 47 
 47 
 
 ,-in 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 ri3 
 
 43 
 42 
 51 
 45 
 43 
 04 
 48 
 43 
 50 
 50 
 41 
 48 
 44 
 44 
 
 la. 
 
 Wiud. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Ileraoikg. 
 
 !*SE. 
 SSE . 
 
 SSK. 
 
 .1 
 
 Overcast. . . 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 l"ow clouds 
 
 SE 3 
 
 E 2 
 
 E 2 
 
 E 4 
 
 E 1 
 
 HE 3 
 
 SE 4 
 
 SE 1 
 
 E 2 
 
 E 2 
 
 ESE 3 
 
 SE 2 
 
 W 1 
 
 X.livAV....l 
 X. l.'v W ... 3 
 
 NE" 2 
 
 WSW 1 
 
 WSW 1 
 
 W 1 
 
 SSW 1 
 
 W 1 
 
 NW 2 
 
 XW 1 
 
 N\V 1 
 
 XXW 1 
 
 N\V 4 
 
 X\V 2 
 
 X\V 
 
 .S'W 5 
 
 XXW 
 
 XW 5 
 
 XXW 5 
 
 XXW 
 
 >'xw a 
 
 XXW 
 
 XXW 
 
 Calm 
 
 Calm 
 
 NW 2 
 
 X^W 4 
 
 XW 3 
 
 Calm 
 
 XW 3 
 
 XW 4 
 
 XW 3 
 
 XW 1 
 
 SW 1 
 
 Calm 
 
 XXW 5 
 
 NXW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 1 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Ovc'icast .. 
 
 Cloudy . 
 
 ...do. 
 
 .. do 
 
 ..do 
 
 OvcieaHl 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 .. do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Clear 
 
 ....do 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloiidv 
 
 ...do'. 
 
 I'cw clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ....do'. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clo.ir 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, iR". 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, 38°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 38°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 41°. 
 
 Rain ; thcr. lowest last night, 40°. 
 
 liain. 
 
 Itaiu. 
 
 Thcr. lowest Inst night, 41°. 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, 41°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 40°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 43°. 
 
 Cloudy . 
 
 do .. 
 
 ...do .. 
 ...do .. 
 
 . . do . . 
 . . . .do . . 
 
 ...do .. 
 
 ...do .. 
 ...do .. 
 
 ...do .. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 42°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 44°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, 42°' 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 40°. 
 
 Kain. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 37°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 35°. 
 
 Itain. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 32°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 34°. . 
 
 On dcilgc-Jouniey to Fury and Hccla Strait. 
 
 7th Igloo. 
 Lake Nappoo. 
 
 8th Igloo. 
 
 Oth Igloo. 
 11th Moo, 
 N. cndoixVmi- 
 tolcc. 
 12th Igloo. 
 
 18U8. 
 Star. 30, 7 
 
 7 
 31,7 
 
 Apr. 1,7 
 
 4,7 
 
 7 
 
 5,7 
 
 7 
 
 a. m. 
 
 — 14 
 
 111. 
 
 — 8 
 
 p. in. 
 
 — 10 
 
 a. ni. 
 
 — 11 
 
 111. 
 
 4- 4 
 
 p. m. 
 
 — 8 
 
 a. m. 
 
 — 8 
 
 a. m. 
 
 - 10 
 
 m. 
 
 - 10 
 
 p. ni. 
 
 — 15 
 
 a. III. 
 
 — 7 
 
 p. m. 
 
 — 8 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 NW 
 
 XW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 I NW 
 j XW 2 
 
 Calm 
 
 NXW 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy ... . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
Hall's Meteorological Journal. 
 April— OcTOBE It, ISCji. 
 
 .).)0 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Ther. 5. 
 
 Bar. 
 In. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Kemarks. 
 
 13th Igloo. 
 
 Near N. Ooglit 
 
 Island. 
 
 14th Igloo. 
 Ooglit Islands. 
 Lat. OnO."iK'.9.V. 
 Lon;.'..'iiP40'W. 
 
 5tli Igloo, 
 BrevooirKiver. 
 Lat. 09^42' N. 
 Lonu'.S.P W. 
 
 Ulli Igloo, 
 Eucanijinient 
 
 Jiav. 
 Lat.093 47'.5N. 
 Long. 8.-, J 1.5' W. 
 Eue't Xo. 183,* 
 Low-tide Eni't. 
 Lat. n6=29'.4X. 
 Do 
 
 1808. 
 Apr. 0, 111. 
 
 7, 7 a. m. 
 
 20, 7 n. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 21,9 a. m. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 Aug. 27, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 28, 7 a. III. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 29, 7 a. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 30, 7 a. ni. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 31,7 a. 111. 
 
 Oct. 3,7i-. ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 ,5, 7 a. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 6,7 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 13, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 14, 7 a. in. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 15, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. lu. 
 
 16, 7 a. UI. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 17, 7 a. UI. 
 
 UI. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 18, 7 a. III. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 23, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 24, 7 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. Ul. 
 
 25, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. UI. 
 
 26, 7 a. UI. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 1 
 Hazy. 
 Uazy. 
 
 Snow. Left thcrinonieter on an 
 island near t he westeru entianeo 
 to Fury and lleela Straits. 
 
 Tlier. lowest last night, 34°. 
 
 Ther. lowcs* last uiglit, 32°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 30°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 31°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 36^. 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, 4°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Drift i ther. Uiwest last night, 0°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest laut night, 7°. 
 
 Snowi ther. lowest last night, 13°. 1 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 4". 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 0°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —6°. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowoat last night, — 10°. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —3°. 
 
 Snow 1 ther. lowest last night, 0°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest last night, 3°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night, Qo. 
 
 DrUt. 
 
 Drift ; thor. lowest last night, —4°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 — 10 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 50 
 37 
 30 
 47 
 30 
 40 
 44 
 35 
 3.> 
 48 
 40 
 38 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 12 
 18 
 14 
 14 
 10 
 14 
 , .J 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 8 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 6 
 
 
 — 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 18 
 20 
 5 
 8 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 — 2 
 — - 2 
 
 
 
 — 3 
 
 
 WNW... 
 
 W 
 
 W 
 
 ..4 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Calm 
 
 bW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 N 
 
 NW 
 
 . i 
 
 ..5 
 ..0 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ....do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 .. do". 
 
 Do 
 
 NA\' 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NW 
 
 . .'> 
 ..3 
 ..4 
 ..5 
 ..3 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 ..4 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 .. do'. 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 C)veicast 
 
 do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ... .do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do 
 
 . do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ....do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 Clear 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do". 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 NW 
 
 (;alm 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 W 
 
 NNW ... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 E 
 
 NE 
 
 N .. 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..3 
 ..4 
 . 
 ..7 
 ..5 
 ..5 
 
 n 
 
 Euc't No. 180. 
 Talloon Enc't. 
 Lat. fl«5 37' N. 
 Loiig.8U3 42'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW . . . . 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 N 
 
 NE . . . 
 
 ! 2 
 .'.1 
 
 .3 
 
 . r> 
 ..« 
 
 .2 
 2 
 
 '.1 
 .1 
 
 ;t 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do . . 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 I:::.... 
 
 E 
 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW.... 
 NNAV .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW.... 
 NNW .... 
 NNW .... 
 
 '2 
 
 '. (i 
 
 ..r, 
 
 ..5 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..4 
 .4 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 ..0 
 ..3 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 ..5 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 *Thonumbi 
 
 m for Encampm 
 
 cDti boynd No. 03 aiu tUuso giv>e 
 
 u in the tabic 
 
 which closes these observations. 
 
^ 
 
 
 ! - 1 ! 1 ■: 
 
 i': If :■'; 
 
 ii': li 
 
 % 
 
 ll » 1 ? 
 
 536 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Enc't No. 180. 
 Tilllonii Unr't. 
 Lat. (i(P:)"'X. 
 Loii;r.b(P 4:;' \V 
 Eiic't Nil. 187. 
 
 Lak(! Euc't. 
 Lat. (iUo:i3'..'>N 
 Loiij;.8Uo;)4'\V 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Enct No. 188. 
 I Lat. (iCoai'N. 
 Loii2.H«o7'..">\V, 
 Enc't No. 189. 
 Lat. BG^IIS'N. 
 L()iis:.85= W \V 
 Enc't No. 1!)0. 
 Lat. 0U=47'N. 
 
 Lou?.s."i^ ;;5' W. 
 
 Euc't No. 191. 
 Lat. 00o58'N. 
 LonL'.Buo 19' \V. 
 
 Enc't No. 19-.'. 
 Lat. ()0=58'.r)N. 
 Lons.85^23'\V. 
 Do 
 
 Enc't No. 193. 
 Lat. 00' .50' N. I 
 LouL'.«5o W.l 
 JJo I 
 
 Enct No. 194. i 
 Lat. 07° 1' N. , 
 LonK.84=5*W.l 
 Enc't No. IBS. i 
 Lat. oiiosc'.r.N.' 
 Lons.84=15'W. 
 Enc't No. 190. 
 Lat. 07° N. 
 Long.840 52'W. 
 
 Halfs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 OcTOBKK— November, 1868. 
 
 Dato. 
 
 Ni>v. 
 
 1808. 
 
 Oct. '^7, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 ;il, 7 a. HI. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 1, 7, a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 ]). ni. 
 
 J, 7 a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 ]). 111. 
 
 3, 7 a. 111. 
 III. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 4, 7 a. 111. 
 III. 
 
 7 ji. 111. 
 
 ■">, 7 a. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 0, 7 a. m. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 ]). III. 
 
 7, 7 a. 111. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 8, 7 a. ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 p. III. 
 
 9. 7 11. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 ji. 111. 
 
 10,7 a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 7 p. 111. , 
 
 12, 7 a. III. { 
 
 111. 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 13, 7 a. III. 
 
 III. 
 7 p. in. 
 
 14, 7 a. in. j 
 
 m. I 
 
 15, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. III. 
 
 10, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 17, 7 a. ra. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 J), m. 
 
 18, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 19,7 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 ]). in. 
 
 •20, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. lu. 
 
 'J2, 7 a. m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 23, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 Thtf. 6. 
 
 ■ 10 
 
 l'> 
 u 
 
 13 
 
 ■ HI 
 . li 
 
 ■ r." 
 
 10 
 . 7 
 . 9 
 17 
 11 
 1.". 
 ■JO 
 
 Bur. 
 
 In. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 NW 
 
 N\V 
 NW . 
 NW 
 NW , 
 XW , 
 NW , 
 N W . 
 NW . 
 W ... 
 w ... 
 NW . 
 
 i; . . . , 
 
 ...7 
 
 
 
 ...2 
 
 ....1 
 
 . .. '2 
 ... 1 
 
 Sky. 
 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW . 
 ;lni 
 N W 
 NW 
 iliii . 
 NW 
 NW 
 
 ..1 
 
 . 2 
 . 5 
 . (i 
 . U 
 lU 
 11 
 
 . 1 
 . 1 
 
 NW 
 NW 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 NW , 
 NW 
 NW 
 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 .0 
 
 1 
 
 1 i 
 
 Few clouds 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 . . . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 l''('w clouds 
 
 ....do 
 
 Clear 
 
 do 
 
 Few clouds 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 I'ew clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Ovcrca.'it . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 ("loiidv . . . 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 
 . do'. 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy . . . . 
 Few clouds 
 Clear 
 
 Bemarkb. 
 
 Drift : thcr. lowest last iii"ht, — 3o. 
 
 Drift ; tber. lowest lastniglit, —7°. 
 
 DiiCt. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; tUer. lowcstlastuiglit, — 15°. 
 
 Tlicr. lowest last niglit, — 13°. 
 
 Fo;: ; tlicr. lowestlast night, — 12°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drifl ; thcr.loweatlastuight, —17°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last iiifilit, — 20°. 
 
 Fos 
 l.'oK 
 
 Fou 
 Fo;; 
 
 tiler, lowestlast ninUt, —20°. 
 ther. lowest lastmalit, — 22°. 
 
 Tlier. lowest last niyht,-!«°. 
 
 .Snow ; tlier. lowest last niaht, — 12°. 
 ■Snow. 
 
 Tlier. lowest last night, — 17°. 
 
 (>ii Joiinic;/ lo Li/oii'ii Inkt to Xuremb<r29. 
 
 27 : NNW 3 ! 
 
 24 NNW 4 I 
 
 25 NNW 3 I 
 
 22 i NNW 3 ! 
 
 18 N. : 2 ; 
 
 22 ' N 5 ; 
 
 14 ' SW 3 
 
 12 SW 7 I 
 
 14 I KW 7 , 
 
 12 SW 5 I 
 
 10 ! SW 2 . 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 . do 
 
 Cloudy . . . . 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overeaht . . . 
 Cloiidv . . . 
 
 Clear' 
 
 Cloudy . .. 
 ..do' 
 
 
 2 
 4 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 ^^ 
 14 
 12 
 
 S... 
 S . . 
 S ... 
 SW. 
 SW. 
 SW. 
 E... 
 W.. 
 W 
 
 4 I I NNW 1 
 
 14 
 
 20 
 24 
 20 
 18 
 20 
 
 NE. 
 
 NE.. 
 
 E ... 
 
 SE... 
 
 E ... 
 
 SE... 
 
 SSW 
 
 s 
 
 ... 1 
 
 ...2 
 ....1 
 ....1 
 ... 4 
 ....5 
 .7 
 5 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NE 1 
 
 -NE 2 
 
 N 2 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Few clouds 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouda 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 — do 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 27°. 
 Thcr. lowest last night, — 25°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —28°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 14°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 10°. 
 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
 Uiizy; snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, 4°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 log. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowest last uiglit, —0°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Fog; ther. lowest last night, 8°. 
 
 Fog. 
 
//«//'*• Metcoroloffical Journal. 
 
 537 
 
 NovEMBEU— December, 1808. 
 
 - 2i'P, 
 
 -12° J 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Enc't No. 190. 
 Lat. 07^ N. 
 Lou ^'. 84° 52' W. 
 Do 
 
 Date. 
 
 Nov 
 
 Enc't No. IDT. I 
 Lat. (;0=.')S'X. 
 
 Loiii.'.»^r)"MU'\v.' 
 
 Enc't No. 108. ' 
 Lat. fl(P47'(\\'. 
 Lous-8!J^i;5'(N. 
 
 Euct No. 1U». I 
 Lat. 0(io:i,j'l\V.! 
 Lnui;.85^;jO'?N.i 
 
 Enc't No. 200. I 
 
 Lat. (io;" ;);;'..■) .\". 
 
 Lou2.8(i°WW.| 
 Do 
 
 1808. 
 •J4, 7 a. 
 
 7].. 
 2.'), 7 «. 
 
 7].. 
 20, 7 a. 
 
 7].. 
 27,7 a. 
 
 28, 7 a. 
 
 ' !>• 
 
 29, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 30, 7 a. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 I Dec. 
 
 3, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 4, 7 a. 
 
 7i). 
 5, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 6, 7 a. 
 
 ,IP' 
 7,7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 8, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 0,7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 10, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 11, 7 a. 
 14, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 15,7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 10, 7 a. 
 
 10, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 20, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 21, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 22, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 23, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 'U, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 Thcr S. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 In. 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 ....8 
 ... 7 
 ... 7 
 ....4 
 ....5 
 
 NE. 
 
 NE. 
 
 E 
 
 E. 
 
 E 
 
 ! NNW 1 
 
 i N\V 1 
 
 I NE I 
 
 j NE 3 
 
 SW 2 
 
 ' S\V 4 
 
 ; S\V 2 
 
 NXW 2 
 
 WNW 1 
 
 N\V 1 
 
 SSE 2 
 
 SSE 2 
 
 SE 1 
 
 SE .2 
 
 ...3 
 ...4 
 ....7 
 
 E 
 
 ESE 
 E... 
 E . . . 
 ENE 
 
 NW 5 
 
 SW 9 
 
 NW 9 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 
 
 N.NW 9 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 NNW 8 
 
 N 9 
 
 N 9 
 
 N 9 
 
 N 9 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW .-) 
 
 NW 7 
 
 N 5 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 NW 1 
 
 NE 1 
 
 NE 1 
 
 SE 3 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 7 
 
 NW 3 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 N 1 
 
 N 
 
 N 5 
 
 N. livW....7 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 6 
 
 NW 
 
 WNW 1 
 
 ENE 1 
 
 ESE 2 
 
 SE 1 
 
 N 1 
 
 N 2 
 
 N 1 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Overcast. 
 .. <lu .... 
 . . do . . . 
 
 Overcast . 
 ...do .... 
 
 Few cloudH 
 Overcast . . 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 Few clouds 
 C'luudv 
 
 Thcr. lowest last niglit, — 8°. 
 
 Drift; ,sno%ir. 
 Drift; snow. 
 Drift; suon". 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Tlier. lowest last nisjht, — 10°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest las! nidit, — 10°. 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 . . .do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Ovcicast . . . 
 
 ..do I 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do Snow. 
 
 .. .do Snow. 
 
 . . do Snow. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, 8°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drilt. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ..do I Drift; ther. lowest la.stnislit,— 20='. 
 
 Clear Drift. 
 
 Few clouds . Drift. 
 
 Cloudy Drift; ther. lowcstla.slni;;Iit,—'J2''. 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 ...dii 
 
 ..do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ilo 
 
 do 
 
 Overcast. . ..! 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy I 
 
 .. do ' 
 
 Overcast 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do \ 
 
 ...do . 
 
 Clondy j 
 
 Few clouds .1 
 
 ..do i 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy I 
 
 ...do I 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 I Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 1 
 
 .. do 
 
 .. do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds 
 ...do 
 
 Drift: 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; 
 
 Diift 
 
 Drift 
 
 Tlicr 
 
 Thcr, 
 
 ther. lowest lastai^ht, — 22' 
 
 thcr. lowest last night, — 20=". 
 
 ; aurora. 
 
 lowcHt last niu'lit, — 2'2°. 
 
 lowest last night, — 20°. 
 
 'f 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 2U°. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowcstlast niglit,— 10°. 
 Drift. 
 
 Tiler, hnvest last ui^-lil, — 24'. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowc^it last night,— 22°. 
 
 Drilt. 
 
 Drill 
 
 Drift ; tlier. lowestbist night,— 23°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest lust night, — 18°. 
 
 Ther. lowest laat night, — 5°. 
 Fog. 
 
538 
 
 HaWs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 December, IflCB — January, leC'J. 
 
 .liiif 
 
 m 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thcr. 5. 
 
 Bar. Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 BcmarkB. 
 
 Enc't No. 200. 
 Lat. 00° 33'.5N. 
 LoDC.8fl°34'W. 
 
 1808. 
 
 Deo. 25, 7 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ui. 
 
 20, 7 a. III. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 27, 7 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 28, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 29, 7 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 30, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 1800. 
 
 Jan. 1, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 2, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 3, 7 a. ui. 
 
 Ul. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 4, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 5, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 0, 7 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 7, 7 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 8, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 0, 7 a. m. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 10, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 11,7 a.m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 12, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 Ll. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 13, 7 a. lu. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 14, 7 a. 111. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 15, 2 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 10, 7 a. ra. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 17, 7 a. Ul. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 18, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 3 
 
 — 3 
 
 — 2 
 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 24 
 
 — '*2 
 
 22 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 18 
 
 22 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 11 
 
 — 12 
 
 — U 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 25 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 20 
 -28 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 35 
 
 — 30 
 -34 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 32 
 
 — 33 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 27 
 
 — 23 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 25 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 47 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 20 
 . 22 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 22 
 
 In. 
 
 SSE 
 
 SE 
 
 SSE 
 
 SE 
 
 tialni 
 
 N 
 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 
 NE 
 
 N 
 
 NAV 
 
 NNW ... 
 NW ... 
 
 ..4i 
 ..2 
 . 3 
 ..1 
 
 .3 
 .2 
 .7 
 .2 
 ..1 
 .1 
 ..1 
 o 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 .. do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —4°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest l»Bt uljiht, —4°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowestlastnight,— 23». 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —25°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —22°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift J ther. lowestlastnight,— 28°. 
 
 Ther. lowest kst night, —12°. 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 Ther. lowest last night, -18°. 
 
 nazv. 
 
 Drilt; ther. lowcstlastuight,- 22". 
 
 Drift. '' 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, —31°. 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, —28°. 
 
 Drift) ther. lowest hist night,— 34°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest last night,— 38°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Aurora. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —33°. 
 
 Ther. lowest hist night, —28°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last night, —28°. 
 
 Thcr. lowest last uight, —27°. 
 
 Drift; thcr. lowestlastnight,- 15°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —18°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, -17°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —27°. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..2 
 ..7 
 ..0 
 
 Do 
 
 ........ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 !.!!!!!. 
 
 r 
 
 ENE .... 
 
 WNW... 
 WNW... 
 
 NE 
 
 NNE.... 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 X 
 
 ENE .... 
 ENE .... 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 N..- 
 
 X 
 
 E 
 
 N 
 
 XNW ... 
 NNW... 
 NNW... 
 XNW ... 
 XNW ... 
 
 xw 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 WNW... 
 
 ..1 
 
 ..3 
 ..1 
 ...1 
 ..1 
 .. 3 
 ...0 
 ...3 
 ..4 
 ..4 
 . . .7 
 ...0 
 ...C 
 ..2 
 ..2 
 ...1 
 ...8 
 ...7 
 . ..7 
 ...3 
 .. 2 
 ...3 
 ...2 
 ...3 
 ...4 
 ...8 
 ...7 
 .. 8 
 ...7 
 ...0 
 ..4 
 ..3 
 ...3 
 ...3 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do 
 
 Overcast — 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do . 
 
 Do. . .. 
 
 Do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Calm 
 
 Calm 
 
 Calm 
 
 Do 
 
 Enc't No. 201. 
 Lat. 6fl°37'N. 
 LonB.8G°42'W. 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ....do 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 ...1 
 .. 2 
 ..3 
 ...5 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 ESE 
 
 ESE 
 
 ESE 
 
 XNW ... 
 
 XTnv ... 
 
 XNW ... 
 
 XW 
 
 N 
 
 N 
 
 ...4 
 ...1 
 2 
 ...2 
 ...1 
 ...9 
 ...7 
 ...7 
 ...2 
 ...2 
 ...1 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 i^ii 
 
HalVn Mdiwologkal Journal. 
 
 539 
 
 January — Februauy, 1809. 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Diite. 
 
 Ther. 5. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Few cloads . 
 
 .. do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ... do 
 
 Cloudy — 
 .. . do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Enc't No. 201. 
 Lat. (J0O37'X. 
 LoiiL'.g00 42'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 1800. 
 
 Jan. 10, 7 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 20, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 21, 7 u. in. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 22, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 23, 7 a. 111. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 24, 7 a. 111. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ui. 
 
 25, 7 a. in. 
 
 ill. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 20, 7 a. 111. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 27, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 28, ; a. 111. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 20, 7 a. in. 
 
 111. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 30, 7 a. m. 
 
 , "'• 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 31, 7 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ill. 
 
 l^eb. 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 2, 7 a. m. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m, 
 
 3, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 4, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 5, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 0, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 7, 7 a. Bi. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 8, 7 a. m. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 9, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 10, 7 a. in. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 11, 7 a. m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 
 
 — 37 
 
 — ,30 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 35 
 
 — 32 
 
 ;;.J 
 
 -:io 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 7 
 
 — 10 
 
 — » 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 10 
 _ 10 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 1 
 
 — 4 
 
 = 1^ 
 
 — 10 
 
 -30 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 38 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 35 
 
 — 35 
 
 — 33 
 
 — 35 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 34 
 
 — 37 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 38 
 
 — 30 
 ~- 35 
 
 In. 
 
 XNW ... 
 NXW ... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 X W 
 
 XW 
 
 NW 
 
 XXW... 
 NNW ... 
 SW 
 
 ..7 
 ..7 
 
 .' 8 
 . 7 
 ..8 
 . U 
 ..8 
 ..8 
 . 5 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowestlastiiiglit,— 37°. 
 
 Drill. 
 
 Diitt. 
 
 Drilt; ther. lowest last night,— 37°. 
 
 Diilt. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drilt i ther. lowest lastuight,— 32°. 
 
 Drilt. 
 
 Drilt. 
 
 Drilt i ther. lowestlastuight,- 34°. 
 
 Diilt. 
 
 Diirt. 
 
 Drill 1 tUcr. lowest histnight,— 35°. 
 
 Drill. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drilt ; ther. lowest la8tnight,—10=>. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drill 1 ther. lowest lastnight,— 10°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drill. 
 
 Drilt; ther. lowest lastnight,— 10°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; (her. lowistla.st night,— 10°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; ther. lowest hi.ilnight,— 10°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 20°. 
 
 Tlier. lowest last night,— 21°. 
 
 Suow; llier. lowest last night, — 6°. 
 
 Ther. hiwe.st last night, —20°. 
 
 Ther. hr.vcst last night, —20°. 
 
 Show ; ther. lowost last night, — 18°. 
 Snow. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 14°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 30°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 38°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 35°. 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest lastuight,— 37°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drilt ; ther. lowcstlast night,— 28°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 37°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —38°. 
 
 1 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW ... 
 X. by W. 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 XW .... 
 XXW ... 
 XNW ... 
 XXW ... 
 
 Calm 
 
 Calm .... 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 XW 
 
 XW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW .... 
 
 SK 
 
 SE 
 
 SE. 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 . 8 
 
 . 8 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 .11 
 
 .11 
 
 .11 
 
 .31 
 
 U 
 
 .11 
 
 .10 
 
 .0 
 
 . 
 
 .8 
 
 . 8 
 
 ..8 
 
 ..8 
 
 ...7 
 
 . . 7 
 
 ..5 
 
 . 3 
 
 .1 
 
 '..\ 
 2 
 
 '. .3 
 ...4 
 ...5 
 ...3 
 ...1 
 
 ...i 
 
 .. 3 
 
 .3 
 ...5 
 .. 
 .. 1 
 .. 1 
 ...1 
 .. 3 
 ...0 
 ...4 
 2 
 
 !.i 
 "." 1 
 
 ...0 
 ...0 
 ...8 
 ...7 
 ...1 
 . . .2 
 2 
 
 .. 3 
 
 ;;;4 
 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 
 
 Few clouds . 
 .. do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few (douds . 
 ... do 
 
 Cle.ir 
 
 Few clouds . 
 .. do 
 
 Cli'ar 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ... do' 
 
 Few ilouds 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 OvereliHt . 
 
 . . do 
 
 ... do 
 
 ... du 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 — do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few ilonds . 
 ... do 
 
 OveicaBt 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Clear 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 XW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 X 
 
 NXW . . . 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 XNW ... 
 XNW ... 
 XXW ... 
 
 SE 
 
 SW 
 
 NXW ... 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 NNW . . . 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 NNW ... 
 NTTW ... 
 NNW... 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 
 I-' 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
540 
 
 HalFs Meteorological Journal. 
 
 Fkbuuauy— March, IriO'J. 
 
 \i 
 
 H 
 
 Ml? 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Ther. 5. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 1800. 
 
 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 Enct No. 201. 
 
 Feb. 12, 7 a. m. 
 
 — 40 
 
 
 XNW ... 
 
 ..1 
 
 Clear 
 
 Thor. lowest last nlRht, — 41°. 
 
 Lat. fl«°a7'N'. 
 
 111. 
 
 — 36 
 
 NWV ... 
 
 .3 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 L0BK.8U0 42' W. 
 
 7 ]). III. 
 
 — 42 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 in, 7 11. 111. 
 
 — 48 
 
 
 Calm .... 
 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther. lowest last nlsht, — 48°. 
 
 
 111. 
 
 — 38 
 
 
 N\V 
 
 ..1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 
 7 11. III. 
 
 -4t 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 14, 7 a. m. 
 III. 
 
 — 37 
 
 
 N.NW ... 
 
 . 
 
 iVw c-'IoiuIh 
 
 Drift I tlier.lowostlastnight,- 440. 
 Drift, 
 
 
 — 35 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . .7 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 40 
 
 
 N.NW ... 
 
 . < 
 
 do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 1,5, 7 a. in. 
 in. 
 
 ao 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 7 
 
 , . do 
 
 Drill ; ther. lowest lastniKlit,—40o. 
 Drift. 
 
 
 — 36 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . 7 
 
 Fow clouds . 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 38 
 
 
 •NNW .. 
 
 ..5 
 
 ..do 
 
 Drill. 
 
 Do 
 
 10, 7 a. 111. 
 III. 
 
 — "6 
 
 
 N.NW ... 
 
 
 
 
 — 24 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..9 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 
 7 p. ui. 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 .10 
 
 ...do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 17, 7 a. ni. 
 111. 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 2J 
 
 
 NW 
 
 
 Clear 
 
 ....do 
 
 Drift ; tlier.lowestlastniilit,— 20°. 
 
 
 NW 
 
 . 5 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 -28 
 
 
 NW 
 
 .1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 Do 
 
 18,7 a. in. 
 111. 
 
 •n 
 
 
 SE 
 
 l| 
 
 Ovt'rcaHt 
 
 l''(nr-ther lowest liiHt Tiii'hl **8'^ 
 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 
 SI-; 
 
 .5 
 
 ... do ... — 
 
 Snow. 
 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 SK 
 
 ..5 
 
 ...do 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Do 
 
 11), 7 a. in. 
 m. 
 
 32 
 
 
 NNW 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 Drill ; ther.lowfstlnstnijjlit,- 32°. 
 Drift. 
 
 
 — 30 
 
 .. 
 
 NNW .. 
 
 . 7 
 
 .,do 
 
 
 7 p. lu. 
 
 -32 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..« 
 
 .. .do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 20, 7 a. ni. 
 ni. 
 
 — 38 
 
 
 NNW 
 
 7 
 
 I'^t'W c1ou(1h 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest lastnicht,- 38°. 
 Drill. 
 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 NNW... 
 
 .7 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 38 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 .5 
 
 Clear 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 21 7 a in 
 
 40 
 
 
 NNW 
 
 5 
 
 
 Drill ; ther. lowest lastniuht,— 400. 
 Drift. 
 
 
 in. 
 
 — 30 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . n 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 40 
 
 
 ^NW ... 
 
 ..5 
 
 ....do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 NNW 
 
 7 
 
 .. do 
 
 Drift ; ther.lowcstlasf nlKht,— 440. 
 Drill. 
 
 
 in. 
 
 — 40 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . 1! 
 
 . . do 
 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 — 42 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..7 
 
 ..do 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Do 
 
 23, 7 a. m. 
 ni. 
 
 29 
 
 
 N.NW 
 
 (1 
 
 
 Drift ; ther. lowest lastnicht, —420. 
 Drift. 
 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 . fi 
 
 Cloiidv 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 — 32 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 .2 
 
 I'ow cloudH . 
 
 
 Do 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 SE 
 
 ] 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 ...do' 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, —32°. 
 
 
 ni. 
 
 — 17 
 
 
 SIO 
 
 .3 
 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 SK 
 
 ..2 
 
 ...do 
 
 
 Do 
 
 2."., 7 a. m. 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 SE 
 
 .1 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Thi'i-. lowest last night, — 180. i 
 
 
 ni. 
 
 — 15 
 
 
 KNW... 
 
 ..2 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 — 21 
 
 
 NNW... 
 
 2 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 
 Do 
 
 20, 7 a. ni. 
 
 — 32 
 
 
 NNW... 
 
 .1 
 
 ....do 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 32°. 
 
 
 Ul. 
 
 — 14 
 
 
 SE 
 
 . 1 
 
 ....do 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 — 14 
 
 
 SE 
 
 . 1 
 
 ...do 
 
 1 
 
 Do 
 
 27, 7 a. ni. 
 
 — 11 
 
 
 SE 
 
 . 4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Snow ; ther. lowest last night, — 14°. 
 
 
 ni. 
 
 — 
 
 
 SE 
 
 .4 
 
 ....do 
 
 Snow. i 
 
 
 7 p.m. 
 
 - 9 
 
 
 SE 
 
 .4 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 Do 
 
 28, 7 a. m. 
 
 — 12 
 
 
 N W 
 
 .5 
 
 ...do 
 
 Ther.lowcst last night, — 17°. 1 
 
 
 m. 
 
 — 14 
 
 
 NW 
 
 . 
 
 ...do 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 — 25 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 ..5 
 
 Clear 
 
 Drift; aurora. ! 
 
 Do 
 
 Mar. 1, 7 a. m. 
 
 — 25 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 .1 
 
 Fow clouds . 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 28°. 
 
 
 m. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 
 Calm .... 
 
 
 ... do 
 
 Fog. 
 
 
 ........ 
 
 NW 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 Do 
 
 2, 7 a. m. 
 
 
 
 NE 
 
 ..1 
 
 
 Fog. 
 
 
 m. 
 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 . fi 
 
 Cloudy — 
 
 Drift. 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 .4 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 Do 
 
 3, 7 a. m. 
 
 
 NW 
 
 '» 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 
 m. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 2 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 
 
 Do 
 
 4, 7 a. m. 
 m. 
 
 
 NW 
 
 E 
 
 . 5 
 
 Overcast 
 
 (Cloudy 
 
 Drift; fog. 
 Drift. 
 
 
 
 7 \>. m. 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 NW 
 
 . 1 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 
 Do 
 
 
 — 18 
 
 
 SE . . 
 
 a 
 
 ... do 
 
 Tlicr. lowest la.rt night, — 19° 
 
 
 m. 
 7 p.m. 
 
 — 10 
 
 - 9 
 
 
 SE 
 
 SE 
 
 .3 
 . 4 
 
 .. do 
 
 Overcast 
 
 
 
 Do 
 
 0, 7 a. m. 
 
 — 17 
 
 
 Calm 
 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — IS'^ 
 
 
 m. 
 
 — 15 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 ..5 
 
 ...do^ 
 
 Drift. 
 
 
 7 p. m. 
 7, 7 a. 111. 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 NNW .... 
 
 )i 
 
 
 Drift; hazv. 
 
 Do 
 
 — 20 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 
 10 
 
 
 Drift ; ther. iowcstlast night,— 20°. 
 
 
 ni. 
 7 p. m. 
 
 — 7 
 
 — 5 
 
 
 NNW ... 
 NNW . . . 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 
 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
 
UalVs Meteorological Journal. 
 Maucii— Aphil, 18G9. 
 
 541 
 
 -140; 
 
 Locnlity. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Ther. 5, 
 
 Enc't No. 201. 
 
 I,at. G(io 37' X. 
 
 Lons.HOo 42' \V. 
 
 Uo 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 1860. 
 Mor. «,7 
 
 7 
 9,7 
 
 I», 7 
 
 I Do. 
 
 Enc't No. 202. 
 N. Polo Lake. 
 
 Enc't No. 203. 
 Simip. 
 
 I Enc't No. 204. 
 I Cluistio Lake. 
 
 Enc't No. 200. 
 Miles Lake. 
 
 Do... 
 
 Enc't No. 207. 
 
 Enc't No. 208. 
 Near Capo 
 
 Ladv PoUv. 
 Enc't No. 200. 
 
 Enc't No. 210. 
 
 Enc't No. 211. 
 
 Do 
 
 n. ni. 
 
 in. 
 p. ni. . 
 a. in. . 
 
 ni. . 
 a. m. . 
 
 ni. . 
 ]). ni. 
 a. ni. . 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. 111. 
 
 12,7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 ]i. III. 
 a. 111. 
 
 III. 
 
 7 
 11,7 
 
 7 
 1,1,7 
 
 7 
 14,7 
 
 15, 7 
 
 7 
 
 in, 7 
 
 7 
 
 17,7 
 
 p. 111. 
 a. in. 
 
 in. 
 11. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 p. III. 
 a. in. 
 
 III. 
 p. ni. 
 a. in. 
 
 ni. 
 p. ni. 
 a. III. 
 
 — 1,1 
 *t 
 
 n 
 
 — 1(1 
 
 — 2(1 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 20 
 
 — G 
 
 IS, 7 
 
 71 
 10, 7 1 
 
 7l 
 20, 7 a. ni. 
 
 — l."-. 
 
 — 1« 
 
 — H 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 7 
 
 — IH 
 
 — 12 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 — 4 
 3 
 
 Bar. 
 
 In. 
 
 ' p. in. 
 
 ni. 
 ' p. ni. 
 
 OhmiTidioiin 
 
 
 12 
 
 Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 •23, 7 a. III. 
 III. ' 
 7 p. ni. 
 24, 7 a. ni. ' 
 111. I 
 7 p. ni. i 
 25, 7 a. m. 1 
 III 
 7 p. ni 
 27, 7 a. ni 
 ni 
 7 p. in 
 28, 7 a. ni 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 20, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. III. 
 
 30, 7 a. 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. in. 
 
 7 a. 111. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 1, 7 a. in. 
 
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 7 p. HI. 
 
 2, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 3, 7 a. ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. m. 
 
 31 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 25 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 16 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 5 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 22 
 
 1 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 10 
 
 — 31 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 30 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 21 
 
 — 22 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 24 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 18 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 28 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 15 
 
 — 23 
 
 S 2 I 
 
 ( !alm 
 
 K 4 
 
 K a i 
 
 K () 
 
 10 3 
 
 N\V 2 ; 
 
 XW 2 ' 
 
 N\V 5 
 
 NNW n 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NNAV 1 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 NNW J 
 
 Calm 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 N W I 
 
 NW 1 
 
 N 3 
 
 NNW 5 
 
 NW (I 
 
 NW .-. 1 
 
 NNW 5 I 
 
 NNW 4 
 
 NNW 2 
 
 Calm 
 
 SIO 2 
 
 S 3 
 
 S 4 
 
 Calm 
 
 NW 3 
 
 NNW 3 
 
 NNW 7 
 
 NNW K 
 
 NNW 7 I 
 
 oil nliili/c-Jiiiiiiicij to l\ 
 
 .XNW 
 
 NNW H 
 
 NNW 7 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 
 
 NNW 
 NW .. 
 NW .. 
 NW .. 
 SW... 
 SW... 
 SW... 
 SW... 
 .SAV... 
 SW... 
 Calm . 
 NNW 
 NNW 
 NW.. 
 NW.. 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 NNW 1 
 
 W 2 
 
 W.. 
 NW 
 W 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 AV . . . 
 W .... 
 W ... 
 AV... 
 W ... 
 Calm 
 W.... 
 
 Overcast. . . 
 
 . . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 CIuikIh 
 
 l'"(ili 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 Fcnv clouds 
 
 . do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few I'loiids 
 
 Clear 
 
 ]''e\v clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 .. do 
 
 Clciiidv . . 
 Few einiids 
 
 ..do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few I'limds 
 
 . . do 
 
 Clear 
 
 . do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds 
 Ovireast. . . 
 
 ... <l<i 
 
 ...do 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast. . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 iiifl IVilliiiiii 
 
 F'ew cliiuds 
 
 Clear 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast .. 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 .. do. 
 
 Overcast 
 
 Few clouds 
 
 . . do 
 
 Clear 
 
 . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 do 
 
 . do 
 
 . . do 
 
 . . do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 . . do 
 
 . . do 
 
 ..do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy . . . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ...do 
 
 . . do 
 
 ...do 
 
 .. do 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Ther. lowest lastnight, — 6°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Tlicr. iowcHt last night, — 16°. 
 
 Tlier. lowest last night, — 20°. 
 Tiler, lowest last night, — 27°. 
 
 Drift ; tlicr. lowest lastnight —26°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Tlicr. lowest last ui^ht, — 24°. 
 
 Snow; tliei.lowestlastnight, — 21°, 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Tiler, lowest last night, — 4°. 
 
 [night, — 30. 1 
 . lowest last 
 
 Drift ; snow ; ther. 
 Iliift 1 snow. 
 Drift. 
 
 X I.diid. 
 
 Diifl ; tlier. lowest last night,— 24°. 
 
 Diilf. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift; thor. lowest lastniBht,—26°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drilt. 
 
 Itiifl; ther. lowest last night, — 21°. 
 
 riier. lowest last night, -24°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —27°. 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 35°. 
 Ther. lowest lust night, — 33°. 
 Ther. lowest Inst night, — 27'^. 
 Ther. hiwesl Inst night, — 27". 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 3&5. 
 Ther. lowest last night, —32°. 
 
 I 
 
 'Hall discovers that ho has lost two days; probalily some time in the winter. 
 
 A 
 
' I 
 
 542 
 
 IlnlPs Mvtcotolopiml Journal. 
 
 April, 18C9. 
 
 
 \l\ 
 
 Locality. 
 
 Dnto. 
 
 ITher.S. 
 
 Bai. 
 
 ■Wind. 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Eno't No, 212. 
 
 Enc't No. 21.1. 
 Lnt. OK" 7'N. 
 Lnii(;.SK0 4«'\\'. 
 l;nc't No. 'M. 
 Lnt. tJH" l.V \. 
 Li>ii;.'.til)3 17' \V. 
 Enc't No. ^l."), 
 Lai.(W°2'J'..'iN. 
 Lonjj.«l)°42'\V. 
 
 Enc't No. 'Jlfl. 
 Lut. Ch^ai'N. 
 Long. suo .".;!' W. 
 Enc't No. 217. 
 Lilt. BK°'.'8'N. 
 Loug.DOO 7'W. 
 Do 
 
 1800. 
 Apr. 4, 7 B. 
 
 Enc't No. 218. 
 
 L.it. C8°30'..''i\. 
 
 Lou.0U"28'5\V. 
 
 Uo 
 
 Enc't No. 210. 
 Lnt. 08O2U'N. 
 Lonj:.00O44'W. 
 Enc't No, 220. 
 Lat. 08o20'N. 
 Lon.01o07'..')\V. 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Enc't No. 221. 
 
 Lat. C8=31'N. 
 
 Lens. 01° 30' W- 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Do 
 
 Enc't No. 222. 
 
 Lat. 08=30'N. 
 
 L™k.0'2=> 3'W. 
 
 Do 
 
 ICnc't No. 223. 
 I.;;t. (l.';o24',N, 
 1,011(1,02 ' 22' W, 
 i;nc't N.i, 224, 
 Lat, «X=30'N. 
 Lonff,02°4,VW. 
 Do 
 
 Enc't No, 225. 
 Lat. 08''3fl'N. 
 LonB.03O'20'\V. 
 
 7 p. 
 
 r.,7ii. 
 
 7p, 
 
 n,7ii. 
 
 7p, 
 
 7,7 a, 
 
 7 p. 
 
 8, 7 a, 
 
 7 p. 
 0, 7 a, 
 
 7p, 
 10,7 a. 
 
 "I'- 
 ll, 7a, 
 
 7 p. 
 12,7 a, 
 
 7 p. 
 13,7 a, 
 
 7p 
 14,7 a 
 
 "l> 
 I.-., 7 a, 
 
 7p 
 10,7a 
 
 7 p. 
 
 17, 7 a. 
 
 7)., 
 
 18, "a, 
 
 7p, 
 10,7 a. 
 
 7p, 
 
 20, 7 a. 
 
 ni. I 
 ni, 
 111. I 
 ni, 
 
 ni. ! 
 
 21,7 a. 
 
 7p, 
 22, 7 a, 
 
 7 p. 
 
 23, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 24, 7 a. 
 
 7 p. 
 2,>,7a. 
 
 7 p. 
 2«, 7 a, 
 
 7 p. 
 27, 7 a. 
 
 In. 
 
 — 24 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 I.'-) 
 
 20 
 10 
 17 
 
 1^,1 
 10 
 
 (I 
 
 — u 
 
 — 4 
 4 
 
 lil 
 14 
 
 2 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 
 — 1.-. 
 
 — 14 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 18 
 
 «•! 
 
 — ii 
 
 20 
 
 111. 
 
 — 
 
 ni. 
 
 
 
 111. 
 
 — (1 
 
 m. 
 
 — 10 
 
 ni. 
 
 20 
 
 ni. 
 
 14 
 
 111. 
 
 4 
 
 111. 
 
 12 
 
 III. 
 
 1 
 
 III. 
 
 ') 
 
 111. 
 
 14 
 
 III. 
 
 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 in. ; 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 
 ni. 
 
 in. 
 
 m. 
 
 111. 
 
 ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 in. 1 
 
 m.' 
 
 111. ' 
 
 ni. 
 
 111. ' 
 
 ni. 
 
 III. 
 
 m. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 p. jn. — 
 
 AVNW 2 
 
 j SH .'•. 
 
 SK 
 
 : SK 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 I WNW.. 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Ilcmarks. 
 
 
 — 17 
 
 
 
 — 10 
 
 
 . 111. 
 
 — IH 
 
 
 . III. 
 
 — IM 
 
 
 
 — 12 
 
 
 . III. ! 
 
 — 10 
 
 
 . in. 1 
 
 
 
 
 ni.l 
 
 
 
 Overcast. 
 ... ilo .-... 
 ...do .... 
 ...do ... 
 ...do .... 
 
 ..do .... 
 ....do .... 
 
 S\V... 
 iAY... 
 \V .. 
 N\V . 
 N\V . 
 N W . 
 \V .... 
 
 N 
 
 Calm 
 Calm 
 Calm 
 S\V... 
 W .... 
 N \V . . 
 \V .... 
 W .... 
 W .... 
 
 N 
 
 N.... 
 N 
 
 NNE 
 NNE 
 N\V . 
 \Y .... 
 W .... 
 vr .... 
 \V .... 
 W . . . 
 
 ^Y .... 
 \v .... 
 \v ... 
 
 E 
 
 ...do . 
 ...do 
 ...do . 
 ...do . 
 . . . do 
 ...do 
 ....do . 
 
 W .. 
 
 NK . 
 NK 
 NK 
 NK. 
 KE 
 NK . 
 Ni: . 
 N i; . 
 Ni; . 
 
 E. 
 
 1 N\V 
 .' s .. 
 
 . Ar . 
 ■I ^^■■■ 
 .: "w.. 
 
 .' E . 
 E 
 
 .•■ s\v. 
 
 .1 E... 
 
 . W . 
 
 .1 AV .. 
 
 . i A\^ . . 
 
 .1 AV.. 
 
 .1 AV . 
 
 .1 AV.. 
 .lAV.. 
 
 OvdcaHt — 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ..do ;. 
 
 .. do 
 
 Ei'W clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 r'cw clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Fow clouds . 
 
 ....do 
 
 ...do 
 
 FoRj thor, lowcstlastnight,— 33°, 
 
 Snow, 
 
 Siiow; drift. 
 
 Snow; tlier, lowest last nJKlit, 0°. 
 
 .Snow. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow 1 tlier. lowest last nljslit, 0°, 
 
 Snow. 
 
 TlilrU weather 1 tlicr. lowest last 
 
 nlHht, 2^. 
 Snow. 
 Drift. 
 Ther. lowest lust nislit, —10°, 
 
 Tlier. lowest last night, — 2°. 
 Snow, 
 
 I'oK i ther, lowest last night, 0°, 
 
 Snow. I 
 
 Snow tlicr. lowest List night,— 1°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drill ; till r. lowest last night,— '24°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, — :)3o, 
 Ther. lowest last night,— 23°. 
 
 Few clouds . ' 
 .. do I 
 
 Cloudv . . 
 Overeiist 
 ...do ... 
 ...do ... 
 ...do ... 
 ...do .... 
 ...do .... 
 .. do . .. 
 . . <lo . . . . 
 . . do . . . 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear 
 
 ..do 
 
 Cloudy 
 
 Overcast 
 
 . do 
 
 do 
 
 Cloudy ... I 
 . . do 
 
 do I 
 
 Overcast . . . 
 
 ...do 
 
 ...do ] 
 
 Cloudy I 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 ...do 
 
 Clear 
 
 Few clouds . 
 
 Clear i 
 
 Drift i ther. lowcstlast night. —20°. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Ther. lowest last niglit, —20°, 
 
 Ilnzo. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 1«°. 
 
 Snow. 
 
 Snow. [night, 4°. j 
 
 Diilt: .inow; ther. lowest last i 
 
 Drill. i 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drill : ther. lowest lastnighi,—0° 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 Fog. 
 
 Fog; haze. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, — 20°, 
 
 Drift, 
 Drift. 
 Drift. 
 
 Drift. 
 
 TIk'I-. lowest last night, 8°. 
 Snow. 
 
 Thor. lowest last night, 3°. 
 
 Ther. lowest last night, - 
 Fog. 
 
 -15°. 
 
;lit, 0°. 
 
 Bt lllHt 
 
 
 IlaWs Mateornloffical Journal. 
 ArniL, laio. 
 
 f)43 
 
 LocnUty. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Thor. 5. 
 
 
 
 2 
 10 
 7 
 
 Bnr. 
 In. 
 
 Wind 
 
 
 Sky. 
 
 Uemarki. 
 
 Enc't No. 220. 
 Lnt. Otto M' N. 
 Loiia. 03=' .la' W. 
 Do 
 
 1860. 
 
 Apr. 28, 7 a. ni. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 20, 7 11. III. 
 
 ni. 
 
 7 p. ui. 
 
 30, 7 a. III. 
 
 in. 
 
 7 p. ni. 
 
 W 
 
 ...2 
 
 Cloudy .... 
 di 
 
 OvtTCIlBt. .. 
 
 ... do 
 
 ...do 
 
 ....do 
 
 (y'londy . . 
 
 do 
 
 ....do 
 
 Snow. 
 Snow. 
 Snow. 
 
 Drift, 
 Drift. 
 
 i 
 
 SH 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 ..4 
 
 Enc't No. 227. 
 Lat. 08=40' N. 
 Long.04O00'.5W. 
 
 20 
 
 i7 
 
 23 
 15 
 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 . . 7 
 .. 
 
 SK 
 
 SK 
 
 8E 
 
 ...4 
 
 ...r. 
 
 Xote. explanalorii nf the hreak //•.»! April, lR(i7, to May, 18('H.— r.v rcfcrincd to pngr> ^20 (Cliaplor XI) it will lio 
 arm tliat itnirn .ionrnuli/.in): during Urn latter part iif tlui year lHli7 and tbo llrst part of liSOri was ocvasioiial only. 
 No niptroiiilo;:ii'al uotca arc found for tlmt puriiiii nin<in|{ IiIh papri'8. 
 
 -(i°. 
 
 k-'l , 
 
544 
 
 Hall's Encampments. 
 
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APPENDIX III. 
 
 ON THE GEOLOGY OF FROBISHER BAY AND FIELD BAY; A DESCRIP- 
 TION OF THE GEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE BY C. F. HALL 
 ON HIS FIRST VOYAGE, 1860-'62. 
 
 These collcctiouB wore pieseuted to Amherst College, Mass., by J. J. Copp, Esci., ot Groton, Conu., 
 a graduate of the college. They are discussed iu the following pages by Prol. B. K. Emeu- 
 son Professor of Geology in that Institution. They are appended to the Narrative as 
 exhibiting additional proofs to those given in Chapters I and II of Hall's labors, which 
 secured the outfit for his Second Expedition. 
 
 i . 
 
'TTTT ■'■■'-V'^rn' 
 
 m 
 
 ■■f 
 
 
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 ^^l.^.j^ili...:j!-'.v..:!.i:>Au 
 
A^PPENDTX HI. 
 
 ON THE GEOLOGY OF FROBISHER BAY AiNI) FIELD BAY. 
 
 DESORirTlON OP THE COLLECTIONS MADE BY C. F. HALL 
 
 DURING HIS FIRST EXPf^DITION IN THE 
 
 ARCTIC REGIONS, ISfiO-'Oli. 
 
 Bv Prof. Bkn.t. K. Emerson, of Amherxt College, MnsmchvuettH. 
 
 On the return of Mr. C. F. Hall to New London, Conn,, from his First Ex- 
 pedition to the Arctic Regions, he turned over a part of his collections, appar- 
 ently the portion which he considered of the greatest geological interest, to the 
 New York Lyceum of Natural History ; and it was the subject of brief reports to 
 the Lycenm by Mr. R. P. Stevens upon the fossils and by Mr. Thomas Egleston 
 upon the rocks and ores, I\Ir. Stevens gave a list, without description, of seven 
 
 species of fossils, viz : 
 
 No. of 
 
 specimens. 
 
 Maclurea magna (Les. ) ^ 
 
 '• " casts of lower surface 15 
 
 Endoceraa protei forme f (Hall) I 
 
 Orthoceraa (badly woru) •' 
 
 Heliolites (new species) ~ 
 
 Heliopora (new species) 1 
 
 Halygitvs catciiulata (Fisch. ) 1 
 
 Iteceptaculilea (now species) 1 
 
 Mr. Stevens accompanied this list with notes of the stratigraphical position 
 of the species in New York, and with the remark, "This collection was made at 
 the head of Frobisher Bay, lat, fiao 44' N, and long, 68° 50' W, from Greeuwi(!h, 
 
 

 
 t 
 
 It 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 If 
 
 
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 k 
 
 
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 I 
 
 1 
 
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 m 
 
 554 
 
 Professor Emerson on J/a/Ps Grohfjieal Collections. 
 
 at a point which Mr. Hall says is a mountain of fossils similar to the limestone 
 bluft" at Cincinnati, with which ho is familiar.'"* 
 
 Those si)ecimcns came manifestly from the ridge at the head of the bay, to 
 which Hall }>ave the name Silliman's Fossil Mount, and which in his Narrative he 
 compares to the Cinciiniati blutt". ^Vnother ]>orti(Mi of the collections was stored 
 at New Tiondon, and, after the departure of Hall upon his second visit to the Are. 
 tic liejiions, was ])resent<'d to the cabinet of AnduMst College by IMr. .1. J. Copp, of 
 Groton, Conn., a graduate of the college. It was <;ontained in three large boxes, 
 weighing about two liundred jtounds; they had not been opened since they were 
 packed by Hall iu Itescue Harbor, Field Bay. The collection presented, on its 
 oj)ening, a very unpromising ai)pearauce. Having been packed with greasy and 
 sooty papers iu the igloos of the natives or upon the deck of the whaler, and. hav- 
 ing remained untouched for so long a time, it was covered with mold, and many 
 of the labels were illegible. Fortunately, the most interesting specimens had the 
 locality marked in ink or pencil upon the surface of the rock itself, and in other 
 cases, a studj' of Hall's Narrative enabled one to restore with a good degree of 
 certainty the exact localities from which they came. The localities, however, 
 quoted in the following paper are, in all cases, those given by Hall biniself.t 
 
 •Report on the geological and niiueralogical specimens collected by Mr. C. F. Hall in F'ro- 
 bislier Bay. — Am. Joiir. Sc, '2A series, vol. :j.'i, ISfi:?, pii. 29:?, 294; .also " Hall's Arctic Researches," 
 App. X, p. 594. 
 
 tTho boxes contained specimens Irom other Arctic Regions besides Baffin's Land, viz: (1) 
 Several from Holsteinborg, Greenland, picked uj) by Hall when his ship visited that port, and 
 (2) several from Melville and Beechy Islands, manifestly collected by McClintock's Expedition in 
 1853*, and a number from both shores of Smith's Sound. I think it probable that they were pre- 
 sented to Captain Hall in Holsteinborg and packed by him with his other things in Rescue Har- 
 bor. It is certain that the boxes were not opened after their arrival in this country until they 
 came into my i)osaession. 
 
 The specimens were .a.s follows: 
 
 IIOLSTEINBOnO. 
 
 l.t Gray translucent quartz. 
 
 2. White granular orthoclaso. 
 
 3. Gabbro, a rock of medium grain, consisting of a green compact feldspar resembling 
 saussurite, pearl-gr.ay to greenish-gray diallage, brown biotite in abundance, quartz sparingly, 
 and carbonates, as indicated by long-continued eifervescence with acids. 
 
 The brown mica is arranged in one plane, giving the rock a complete gneissoid structure, 
 making the rock in fact a middle form between gneiss and gabbro. Two narrow quartz veins 
 traverse the rock, one in the plane of lamination and the other at right angles thereto. 
 
 4. Palo flesh-colored black mica gneiss. 
 
 5. Dark graj' thin-bedded black mica gneiss. 
 C. Gray-black mica gneiss. 
 
 7. Reddi.sh hornblendic gneiss. 
 
 ♦Journal of the Koyal Dublin Soc. 1857, p. 215. 
 
 t The numbers refer to numbers attnohed to the speeimena in the collection of Amherst College. 
 
Profr.'^sor Einrvson 01/ IlalVs (irolofftcal (Collections 
 
 555 
 
 Tlie coniiuoii crystalline rocks of tlic Aiftic rojiioiis, •{•nuiitiii and f-iieissoso, 
 made up the bulk of the eolleetiou. With these wen* traps, red massive (luartz- 
 ites, sandstones, f^iay and creain-eolored dolomites and liniest<tnes, an«i a few 
 l)ieces of bljick (-herty and dark fissih' limestones, which furnished so many fossils 
 new in these re{i;i(ms, and eomin};' from a horizon whieh had not before been known 
 to be represented so far north — that of the Utiea slate — that it seemed «lesirable 
 to publish their occurrence ; and as the west side of IJatlin's Hay is so little oi»en 
 to exploration, 1 have {^iven a somewhat detailed actcount of all the s]»e(!imens 
 which <;anie into my han<ls. I was the more desirous t«) do this in order to add 
 somethiufjf to the already very considerable scientitie results of this uni(iue 
 Expedition, as the single member thereof was accustomed to call it. By the 
 careful exploration of Frobisher Bay Hall filled out a considerable gap in the 
 geographical knowledge of the northern regions. His full investigations of 
 the relics of Frobisher cleared up many points in the history of his brave i)reile- 
 cessor, and recalled very vividly the famous gold excitement of the times 
 
 FROM HAItliOW STUAITS. 
 
 8. lirowii coiil. Thin liiiiiiuiitpd, with joints at right augU's to the hiiniuiu; color iliill 
 bhiek, powder (Itfpp rcrldish-lirown ; linrns with yellow llaine, and the flame continues after it is 
 removed from the }{as-jet; leaves a white ash, retaining the shape and nearly the size of the piece 
 em])loyed. Nothing extracted by ether. 
 
 LalH'led, ''Specimen of coal from the center of Melville Island. Ticked up XriktW. — Hkd- 
 
 I'OKD PiM." 
 
 This is manifestly a specimen rescued from the collections abandoned by Captaiu McClin- 
 tock's party in the memorable sledge journey across Melville Island.* 
 
 9. A piece of fossiliferous Upper Silurian limestone, containing the following forms in such 
 poor i>reservation that the determination is in some cases rather uncertain: Airypa jihoca, Salter, 
 sp. (young state) ; Loxoiiema Rossi, Houghton; Favosites goihlandica, Gold. ; I'etraa 6wia(?), Lons.; 
 Cladopora seriata, Hall; HahjHitea catenulata, L. 
 
 Labeled, " Geological Specimens of the Parry Islands. Picked up on Beechy Island, east 
 of the group, ISiVi. — Hedi'oiu) Pim." 
 
 rnoM smith's sound. 
 
 10. A light gray granulite, (|uartz, orthoclase, and garnet, passing abruptly into a Itl.ick 
 mica gneiss. 
 
 Locality, Etah Bay, North Greenland. 
 
 11. Protogiue. Deep flesh-red orthoclase, a bright grass-green chloritic mineral (H-=- L.'i) 
 and biotite altered torubellan, the latter iu small quantity. It .seems probable that the chloritie 
 mineral, which has exactly the properties of viridite, is aproduct of the decomposition of biotite, the 
 rnbellan representing an intermediate stage. The rock was then originally a red biotite-grauite, 
 one of the conunonest rocks in the Arctic region. 
 
 Locality, Etah Bay. 
 
 12. Hornblende Schist. For the most part greenish-black hornblende, with a little bronze- 
 colored mica and quartz. 
 
 Locality, Etah Biiy. 
 
 * Jti'mini.scciici'8 of Arclio Ice-Trnvel, Joumnl Koy. Dublin Soc. 1857, pp. 235, 2.'i6. 
 
 m 
 
 utii; 
 
! I 
 
 550 
 
 Professor Emerson on HaWs Geological Colter Hon ft. 
 
 ! 
 
 iii' 
 
 of Elizalu'th. TIh^ coals and Hiixes hroufrlit from Englaiul, the anvils and 
 trenches, the blooms made in tostin};' forjiold, the i)rosj)ectinfj-lioles, and the masses 
 of the " bhu^k stone like unto (!oal," which the London jewelers had declared 
 to be gold-bearing, and the full traditions of the natives, all seem like a chapter 
 <mt of our own Western history. "His long and intimate association with the 
 Innuit makes his book a mine ot information in Ethnology, and the geological 
 colle(!tion8 made by him give us the only information concerning the occurrence 
 of the Jiower 8ilnrian in the whole of Arctic America north of Rupert's Land, 
 with the single ex(!eption of the fossils collected by Captain M(!Clintock and 
 described by Houghton.*" These were : 
 
 1. Maclurea arctica, Houghton, near M. magna, in white Silurian dolomite from 
 
 Depot Bay, in Be Hot's Straits, 72° N., 94° W. 
 
 2. The same with Chaitetes lycoperdon, H., associated with Upper Silurian fossils 
 
 at Fury Point, 72° 50' N., 92° W. 
 .'{. M. arctk;:, Hough., Onnoceran crebriseptum, H., Huronia vertebralia, Stokes, 
 Orthoceras Canademe, B., ReceptaculeteH neptuni, Def., from the west coast 
 of King William's Land. 
 4. Orthoceran moniliforme, H., Cjipe Riley, North Devon. 
 
 These localities lie many hundred miles to the northwest of Probisher Bay, 
 and are characterized over wide areas by buff and cream-colored dolomites and 
 limestones, are succeeded by the limestones of the Upper Silurian and Carbon- 
 ic. A reddish-gray qimrtzite iu contorted layers, the ends of the Inmiuic coated with a 
 cnrions <;oi'aloidal deposit of brick-red limonite. Locality, Etah Bay. 
 
 14. Beautiful milky qnartz, limpid, with pale purple opalescence. Locality, Etah Bay. 
 1.5. CoarHO garnetiferous gneiss. From Sontag's grave, at Port Fonlke, North Greenland. 
 
 16. Many fragments of same opalescent quartz as above (.5). From Sontag's grave. 
 
 17. Coarse granite ; gray translucent quartz ; flesh-colored feldspar in large crystalline 
 masses, and no mica. Locality, Esquimaux Point, North Greenland. 
 
 18. Flesh-colored garnetiferous gneiss, black mica. Esquimaux Point. 
 
 19. A very even-bedded friable quartz sandstone, splitting in laminfB 17""" thick, and quite 
 free from any impurity. The specimen is pure enough for the manufacture of glass, resembling 
 clos(*ly the St. Peter's sandstone at St. Paul. 
 
 It is labeled, "From Capo Alexander, L. 78° 20' N., L. 73° W." 
 
 These sandstones are mentioned by Sutherland as stretching from Wolstonholme Sound to 
 Cape Alexander, nearly always horizontal (Proc. Geo. Soc. IS.W, p. 298), and are compared by 
 McClintock with the sandstone from Byam Martin's Island from the hase of the Carboniferous. 
 (Journal Koy. Dublin Soc. 1857, p. 199.) 
 
 20. Coarse granitoid gneiss with largo red garnets (12-14'""'). locality. Cape Isabella, 
 Grinnell Land. 
 
 21. Laminated garnetiferous gneiss banded with black mica. Capo Isabella, 
 
 22. Gray granular quartzite, the grains separated by films of kaolin. Cape Isabella. 
 •Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, July, 1860, Vol. Ill, p. r>3. 
 
Professor Emerson on Hall's Geoloijkal Collections. 
 
 557 
 
 iferoiiM, and I'nrthor iiortli and woHt by Jurassic strata, wliilo tlu^ outcrops in and 
 around Frobisher Bay are in the iinniodiato vicinity of and aj)[)arently skirting 
 the crystalline rocks, are dark colore<l, hirff<*ly argillaceous inshore deposits, (;on- 
 taining a very ditterent assemblage of fossils (though of about the same age) 
 from the more western localities, viz: Calymeur «p«rtrm, (,'on.; Trinrthrux lieckii, 
 (Jreen ; EndoccruH protei/orme, II., flattened as in the Utica slate J)iplo(frapt»s 
 (kntatus, Br.; CUmacograplm quadrimucronattiH, II.; (J. bicortm, II.; Lingula 
 curta, H. 
 
 The localities around Frobisher Bay bear, therefore, somewhat the same 
 relation to those of Prince William's Land and ^orth Devon which the typical 
 localities of the Utica sLate and the Hudson Kiver group in New York bear to the 
 more western areas of the Mississippi Basin. In Frobishor Bay we have a 
 group of fossils unmixed with those of earlier or later date, which mark the 
 exact horizon of the Utica slate, and the rocks have a lithological facies recall- 
 ing that of the typical localities of this epoch in New York. In the north- 
 western area the whole Paleozoic series seems to be represented by a nearly 
 unbroken succession of limestones, and the subdivisions merge into each 
 other as in the central basin of the United States. So that Houghton says 
 "the whole of North Somerset, Boothia Felix, King William's Land, and Priucfc 
 of Wales Land is thus proved to be of Silurian age, although the evidence as to 
 whether it is Upper or Lower Silurian is contradictory, as characteristic fossils of 
 both epochs are found throughout the wliole area."* We must, however, associate 
 the locality at the extreme upper or western end of the bay already alluded to as 
 Silliman's Fossil Mount with the calcarious facies of the Arctic Silurian as described 
 by Houghton, since in the small list of seven species published by Stevens and 
 quoted above, five are probably identical with those described by Houghton, and 
 the two others are corals, described as new species; so that this lo(!ality extends 
 the great Arctic limestone area greatly to the southeast, and makes it compar- 
 able in size with the central basin of the United States. 
 
 CRYSTALLINE ROCKS. 
 23. Granite. 
 
 A large and a small mass of very coarse red granite, containing deep flesh- 
 red orthoclase in large crystalline masses, a much smaller amount of gray quartz 
 and lepidomelane in black and greenish-black scaly corrugated plates. 
 
 Locality, French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 ' Loe. cit., p. 53. 
 
 
 *-»'S; 
 
^^TJ 
 
 "T 
 
 558 
 
 Professor Emerson mi IlaWs (icological Collections. 
 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 
 
 '2i. (InANiTi;. 
 
 Ill stivcnil |)ii<^kiif>('H, witliont Nitocia! labols, and coiiiiii); inoltubly from 
 Field and (iriiiii(>n Hays, Uwiv were above a dozen .specimens of tlie Name eoarse 
 ortlioclaselepidomelaiie yranite as 2.'{, sliowinj;- it to b«^ very prevalent. Fii fact, 
 many of the descriptions <»! rocks j;:iven by Hail will apply only to };:ranite, and, 
 taken in eoiine(!tiou with the speciinens collected, its wide distribntion is placed 
 beyond doubt. 
 
 Thus in his tirst excursion in I'^rank Clark Flarbor, on the south side of Cor- 
 iu'liiiH CJrinnell Hay, after mentioning;; prominent veins of whit«^ (pnirtz, Hall 
 says: " The rocks about here were indeed very remarkable. One pile consisted 
 entirely of mica, (piartz, and feldsi)ar, and the nearest approach I (!an {jive to its 
 appearance is to let the imagination conceive that the feldspar was in a state 
 like putty, and worked up into various uncouth llgures, the si>accs between each 
 being filled up with mica and quartz. Then would there be an appearance to 
 what 1 observed on these rocks, only that ages and ages should be added to cut 
 out deeply the mica and quartz [stands thus in the original], leaving the pure 
 (|uartz veins unalf'ected." p. 112. 
 
 At Point Tik-koon, in Countess of Warwick's Sound, he mentions "granite, 
 tlie usual high old rocks." 
 
 LT). CtBANITE. 
 
 In a large package labele<l simply "Azoic Eocks, Frobisher Bay," and (con- 
 taining many fragments of Silurian limestones and schistose rocks, there were 
 also many fragments of fjuartz and feldspar, which manifestly came from a very 
 coarse granite of a much lighter color than that last mentioned. 
 
 2(). (rUANITK. 
 
 Coarse red feldspar granite exactly like 25. 
 Locality, Kuen-gum-nu-ooke. 
 
 27. GUANITE. 
 
 A typical tine-grained granite of deep red color. Gray, graiuilar quartz 
 slightly more abundant than the deep tiesh-red orthochise. The latter in rounded 
 crystalline grains. Dark green mica in minute scales and pyrite in small quantity. 
 
 Locality, Frobisher Bay. 
 
 28. Pegmatite. 
 
 Two specimens showing deep flesh-red orthoclase scattered in irregular 
 crystalline masses through gray quartz, the quartz greatly predominating. 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
Professor Etucrson on llaU's Gcolofjital CoHrdions, 
 
 i)5n 
 
 29. Oranito. 
 
 A palo reddisli rock very fresh in tlio intorior hut iimcli weiithcrod on thti 
 exterior, c.ontiiiMinK a fresh tniushiceiit i)hiKioehise in iiUfifo qnantity, limpid 
 8lij;htly ainetliystine qnartz, and Hparin^ly hhiek .sliinin}; hiotite. 
 
 Locahty, Frobislier Hay. 
 ;{0. GUANITK. 
 
 A coarse-^^rained fjranite, containing lleslired orthoelase and gray phiyio- 
 chiso in hirge inassoN, (hirk smoky tpiartx and hlack mica in small (iimntity. 
 
 From a packiifje hibeled " From varions i)laees np IJay of Frohisliei-and near 
 head of it." 
 ;il. Granitk. 
 
 A pecnhar very coarse-grained leek-green rock, <H)n8isting ])rin<'ipally of 
 grayish to deep leek-green jdagioclase, in largo elea\'al)le individuals, showing 
 very flno triclinic striation, gray translucent quartz, very litth^ flesh-colored ortho- 
 elase, and largo contorted plates of black shiny lepidomelane. 
 
 Frobislier Bay. 
 32. Granitk. 
 
 A deep-red rock, fine-grained, with abundant fresh plagioclase, orthoelase, 
 black biotite, and large red garnets. 
 
 Frobislier Bay. 
 
 'M. rYRITIFEROUS GRANITE. 
 
 A coarse-grained very quartzose granite, with much pyrite in large, quite 
 distinct, crystals. Biotite and felds])ar occur very sparingly. The quartz is 
 smoky to slightly amethystine. By the decomposition of the pyrite the rock has 
 upon the surface and in the fissures a very rusty and glazed appearance; the feld- 
 spar is changed entirely to whitish kaolin and the biotite to rubellan. 
 
 Locality, French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 34. Granite. 
 
 A black mica granite passing into quartzite. 
 
 35. Granite. 
 
 A beautiful fine-grained granite of dark color, containing abundantly red 
 brown biotite unusually fresh and shining, gray quartz, from which the feldspar 
 is with difficulty distinguished. 
 
 30. Granite. 
 
 A very granular even-grained rock, containing orthoelase, quartz, and bio- 
 tite in about equal quantity. 
 
 Labeled, " Azoic Rocks, Frobisher Bay." 
 
 ■f;': 
 
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 4l 
 
1 
 
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 560 
 
 Professor Emerson on HalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 : m 
 
 
 til* 
 
 
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 .'57. (iNEl«S. 
 
 A fi'i'iiy RTaiiitoid biotite ^jfiieiss. 
 
 North side of Frobisliev Bay, 
 .'{8. Gnkiss. 
 
 A laryc Wiiter-worii bowlder of tiesli-colored biotitc-gnci.ss of even medium 
 grain, and (juite uudecomposed. 
 
 31). Gneiss. 
 
 A large fresh piece of tyi)ical gneiss, flesh-colored orthoclase, and more 
 sparingly gray plagioclase, fresh black biotite, and limpid quartz. A single 
 crystal of wine-yellow titanite. 
 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 40. Gneiss. 
 
 A much decomposed biotite-gneiss. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 41. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 A large unweathered specimen of typical granitoid gneiss, agreeing exactly 
 with the second quality of the rock quarried at Westerly, R. I.; flesh-colored 
 orthoclase, sparingly oray plagioclase, fresh black biotite, very sparingly muscovite 
 and magnetite, and extremely minute crystals of pyrite. 
 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 42. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 Sauie as 41, except that the foliation is expressed more by the arrangement 
 of the flesh-colored orthoclase in bands and less by the position of the biotite. 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 43. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 A rock of medium grain, (lonsisting of rounded portions of orthoclase, quartz, 
 and magnetite of about equal size and quantity, without trace of mica or any 
 accessory. The rock is granitoid in texture, yet distinirtly foliated, owing to the 
 position of the ditteront feldspar crystals ; tinged with rust. 
 
 Locality, French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 44. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 A large freshly-broken specimen of gray gneiss. In a reddish-white mix- 
 ture of quartz and feldspar are scattered biotite and magnetite in imperfect dodec- 
 ahedrons, with striated faces 5-2 mm. diameter. The magnetite is much more 
 abundant than the biotite, and both are arranged parallel to the foliation i)lanes. 
 A vein of segregation runs through the specimens, consisting of flesh-colored 
 
Professor Emerson on HaWs Geological Collections. 
 
 561 
 
 orthoclaso, gray plagioclase and quartz much more coarsely crystallized than in 
 the mass of the rock. 
 
 45. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 A flue-grained granitoid gneiss, having at first sight somewhat the appear- 
 ance of andesik^ The pearl-gray ground mass is a flne-grained mixture of quartz 
 and a feldspar, mostly tricliiiic, and scattered in this abundantly are grains of 
 magnetite, and sparingly brown decomposed biotite. 
 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 46. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 A decomposed gi'anitoid gneiss, closely resembling 43. This occurs in sev- 
 eral large i)ieces. 
 
 47. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 Contains orthoclase, alliite, and quartz in about equal quantities, less abun- 
 dantly magnetite, and as a product of alteration chlorite. The rock is flne- 
 graineti, Acsh, pale flesh-colored, mottled with spots of dark green color, consist- 
 ing of magnetite and chlorite, which lie in the ])lane of stratification. The chlorite 
 fills also as thin seams a system of cleavage cracks passing at large angle to the 
 cleavage. 
 
 Examined in thin section, the feldspars are for the most part water clear, 
 showing only incipient clouding of kaolin on fissures, and extremely delicate and 
 minute dentritic inflUriitions of ochre. The albite is predominant, and here and 
 there grown together with orthoclase. Tl»e (piartz contains in immense numbers 
 small round and large irregiUar and contorted fluid inclosures, with V(U'y large 
 bubbles, moving only when heated. The magnetite grains — h to 1 mm. in 
 diameter — arc* surrounded by a ring of bright green plates of chlorite, and from 
 these as centers the chlorite passes outward in the fissures, producing the patches 
 of green color. 
 
 Locality, Frobisher Bay. 
 
 48. Magnetite gneiss. 
 
 A fine-grained granitoid mixture of quartz, orthoclase, and sparingly a 
 triclinic feldspar, to which granular magnetite, arranged in parallel blotches, gives 
 a rudely gneissoid stru(;ture. Tliis and the foregoing agree exactly witli the Lau- 
 rentian gneisses from Grenville, Canada. 
 
 Labeled, " From various i)laces up Bay of Frobisher and near head of it." 
 
 49. Graphitic gneiss. 
 
 Two large and many small si)ecimen8 of a decomposed and rusty granitoid 
 gneiss of a grey color when fresh. It contains a dark-brown mica, minute crystals 
 
 at. 
 
 ' ki 
 
 ,^f 
 
 S. Ex. 27- 
 
 -3() 
 
 
 1 
 
'^ff? 
 
 562 
 
 Professor Emerson on HalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 of magnetite, and much disseminated {'rapliite in scales up to 1 mm. in size. The 
 rock is uniformly much decomposed, and coated in many places wit'i a secondary 
 <l('posit of siderite and limonite. 
 
 Various places in Frobisher Bay. 
 
 50. Epidotic gneiss. 
 
 Small fragments of a red granitoid gneiss with reticulated veins of epidote, 
 and of a red gneiss i)assing into petrosilex and colored apparently by epidote. 
 
 51. Schistose gneiss. 
 
 A broad freshly-broken plate of very thin-bedded biotite gneiss, the feldspar 
 not abundant and wholly triclinic. 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 52. Gkanulite. 
 
 A granitoid gneiss, wherein red garnets (1-3 mm.) replace the mica entirely. 
 Labeled, "Azoic Kocks, Frobisher Bay." 
 
 53. Banded mica schist. 
 
 A large piece of schist, containing biotite and quartz, arranged in black hori- 
 zontal bands, 1-12 mm. wide, of fresh black biotite and granular quartz, the inter- 
 vening bands containing little or no mica, and consisting of (piartz of two kinds: 
 {a) a reddish somewhat friable granular quartz, through which run (/>) Hat i)Iates 
 of a gray translucent infiltrated quartz, placed parallel to the bedding, and mani- 
 festly of later formation. 
 
 54. Normal mica schist. 
 
 A typical mica schist of medium grain splitting into flat thin plates, con- 
 taining only quartz and biotite much weathered. 
 
 Labeled, " From trench dug by ]\[artin Frobisher, 1578. Ni-oun-te-lUc.'''' This 
 is an island on the north side of Frobisher Bay. 
 
 55. Mica schist. 
 
 A black wavy mica schist, consisting of black to bronze colonel biotite, with 
 little quartz. 
 
 Labeled, " French Head, Fiehl Bay." 
 50. ]MioA schist. 
 
 A rock agreeing closelj'^ with 55, but containing more (puirtz and a little 
 feldspar. 
 
 Labeled, " From vai'ious places up Bay of l-'robisher and near head of it." 
 
 58. rETUOSILEX. 
 
 A band of black compact hornstone 18 mm. wide runs through a piece of 
 
Professor Emerson on HalVs Geolofjical Collections. 
 
 563 
 
 black mica granite like No. 35. It has splintery fracture, and shows glistening 
 points of quartz upon fresh surfaces. 
 
 59. Petrosilex. 
 
 A fresh leek-green felsite or petrosilex weathering white, agreeing closely 
 with the green petrosilex from Pelham, Mass., which has passed under tlie name 
 of " Shay's flint;" and this rock proves, like tliat from Pelham, to be a very 
 line-grained silicious variety of hornblendic gneiss. This conclusion is based on 
 a study of thin sections of both varieties. 
 
 60. Banded hornblendic gneiss. 
 
 Greenish -black granular hornblende, granular quartz, and some feldspar, 
 mostly tricliuic. The banded structure is caused by the interposition of more 
 compact layers of quartz and feldspar; a little biotite present in brown decom- 
 posed scales. 
 
 61. Banded hornblendic gneiss. 
 
 A large mass similar to 60, the dark layers finer grained, and the quartz- 
 feldspar layers thick and irregular. 
 
 62. Hornblendic gneiss. 
 
 A thin Laminated rock, containing abundantly white to greenish muscovite, 
 dare brown hornblende, quartz, and feldspar; the latter in one instance triclinic. 
 The very bright pearly luster of the mica gives the rock a peciuliar sheen upon 
 the cleavage face which disappears entirely in other directions. 
 
 Labeled, " Azoic Rocks, Frobisher Bay." 
 
 6.3. IIORNBLENDIC GNEISS. 
 
 Granitoid, with white and red feldspar, black granular hornblend*?, and 
 green mica. 
 
 Locality, French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 64. Foliated hornblendic gneiss. 
 
 Thin folia of black to greeuisli-black hornblende, separate broader bands of 
 a mixture of milk-white orthoelase and qu.artz, forming a roclc of very attracitive 
 appearance. 
 
 65. Syenite. 
 
 Granitoid and of medium grain. The roun<led spots of white orthoelase 
 stand out on a background of blackish-green hornblende. 
 Labeled, " Azoic Rocks, Frobisher Bay." 
 
 66. Hornblende schist. 
 
 Several pieces of schist, consisting of black granular hornblende and quartz, 
 in one (iase containing a little triclinic feldspar and ciialcopyrite. 
 
 m 
 
 ; l'-•'^q- 
 
564 
 
 Professor Emerson on Hall's Geological Collections 
 
 
 ', 9 
 
 fft 
 
 Labeled, '' Azoic Rocks, Frobisher Baj'." 
 
 G7. IIORNBLENDE SCHIST. 
 
 Several pieces resembling OG, but finer grained and more schistose. 
 Labeled, " From various places up Bay of Frobisher and near head of it." 
 
 G8. (JUARTZITK. 
 
 Three large masses of a compact jaspery quartzite of deep red color and 
 broad couchoidal fracture. They are only slightly banded by a slight concentra- 
 tion of the iron in broad bauds, and are remarkably homogeneous, and free from 
 any other impurities except the red oxyde of iron. They were marked (1) in ink, 
 and seem to me to have been gathered by Hall during his first long excursion 
 along the north shore of Frobisher Bay, but of this I cannot be certain. 
 
 G9. QUAKTZITE. 
 
 Several pieces of a rusty-red quartz sandstone, which seem to be only 
 weathered pieces of the sj>' kind as G8. 
 
 70. QUAKTZITE. 
 
 A water-worn i)ebi>.3 of a similar deep red quartzite, slightly micaceous, 
 from French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 The rocks described under the last three numbers might almost as well 
 have been associated with the Devonian sandstone of Lupton Sound, described 
 later (No. 108), or the sandstone from Cape Alexander (vide ante Ko. 19). It is, 
 however, much more indurated, especially !No. G8, and has a much older look. 
 
 MINERALS AND ORES. 
 
 71. Quartz. 
 
 Four large pieces of translucent vein quartz. 
 From French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 72. QUAKTZ. 
 
 White translucent vein quartz. 
 
 Labeled, " From various places up Bay of Frobisher and near head of it." 
 7.3. Quartz. 
 
 A fine piece of rose quartz and another of smoky quartz. 
 From Frobisher Bay. 
 
 74. AVATITE. 
 
 Rounded grains of green apatite in wlute orthoclase. 
 
 Kuen-gum-mi-ooke. 
 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 75. Garnet. 
 
 A cleavage piece of a large deep red crystal of albandite. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
Professor Emerson on HalVs Geological Collections 
 
 565 
 
 70. Graphite. 
 
 Several larfje pieces of perfectly pure soft graphite; one also still inclosed 
 in quartz. In a bundle marked "(a) Azoic Hocks," by Ilall, with fragments of 
 Silurian linjestones. 
 
 77. BlOTITE. 
 
 A large crystal 75 mm. long, 50 mm. wide, and 40 mm thick, with irregular 
 sides. Adhering to one side is a portion of clear orthoclast;, variety sunstone. On 
 another side another portion of the same feldspar contains many small wine-yel- 
 low Zircons. The crystal is also penetrated by plates 5-10 mm. broad, of a leek- 
 green mineral, brittle, with bronze luster and eminent cleavage. Under the 
 microscope it shows two cleavages at right angles and a third, prismatic^, l)etw(>en 
 these, making an angle of 120° 45', and contains abundant inclosures arranged 
 paralled to the rectangular cleavages. These properties make it (piite certain 
 that the mineral is diallage. 
 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 iron ores. 
 
 78. Magnetite. 
 
 Several pieces of magnetite in quartz ; one part of a large crystal with a 
 piece of iron slag and two pieces of limpid quartz. The label reads, "IMuch 
 like to a sea-coal in color. From Little Bay, Ek-ke-lu-zhun, on cape or point 
 where I found coal of Frobisher Expedition of 1578, Tues., Sept. 24, '01. Hall." 
 The quotation below, from page 432 of Hall's Narrative, explains the above: 
 "Ek-ke-lu-zhun, Victoria Bay. Embedded in the rocks I found some heavy 
 black substances, larger and more numerous than any I had before seen. These 
 I concluded might be the ' stone like to sea-coal ' described by Frobisher in the 
 account of his voyages." 
 
 79. Magnetite. 
 
 A larger piece from the same locality — part of a large crystal in limpid 
 quartz. Label, " Like to sea-coal in color." Ek-ker-lu-zhun. This label is written 
 on the 550th page of Little Dorrit. 
 
 80. Magnetite. 
 
 Large piece of pure crystalline magnetite. , 
 
 Kuen-gum-mi-ooke. 
 
 81. Magnetite. 
 
 Three pieces like 80. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 82. Magnetite. 
 
 Three large pieces marked (a). 
 
 
 '*',;. 
 
II 
 
 566 
 
 Professor Emerson on IlalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 83. JMaonetite. 
 
 A large mass, weighing several pounds, part of a large imperfect crystal in 
 (piartz. The ore and quartz gaugue like that from Ek-ker-lu-zhun. This and 
 the last may be from one of the localities mentioned by Hall in the Narrative as 
 — , piigo 328 : " This p. m. I visited Cooper's Island, and with chisel and hammer 
 dug out some of the black ore, such as was discovered by Frobisher's Expedition 
 in 1578, with which many of his ships were laden. This ore attracts and repels 
 the magnetic needle about like iron. It is very heavy." The importance of iron 
 ore in itself and its connection with Frobisher's Expedition nmde Hall care- 
 ful to collect it everywhere. It is manifestly very abundant both in the gneisses 
 of the region and in separate beds. 
 
 84. LiMONITE. 
 
 Several fragments of limonite, cementing quartz and mica, and arising 
 apparently from the decomposition of granitic rocks, and representing a deposit of 
 no great extent. 
 84^. Pybite. 
 
 A number of fragments in quartz. 
 
 Locality, Frobisher Bay. 
 
 85. Pyrite. 
 
 A large mass of very tough bluish-black quartz, full of pyrite. 
 
 86. Pyrite. 
 
 Three well-worn pieces of pyrite, used by the natives for striking tire. 
 With these was another piece of magnetite, labeled "Obtained from the natives." 
 Hall also mentions iron pyrites at Gold Cove, Frobisher Bay (p. 230). 
 
 COPPER ORES. 
 
 87. BORNITE. 
 
 Several pieces of pure boruite, of flue color, and a number of fragments of 
 quartz with bornite disseminated through the mass. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 88. Bornite. 
 
 A curious pseudo-conglomerate or vein-stone breccia of quartz masses, about 
 
 » 
 
 the size of peas, cemented by a paste of bornite so abundant as to separate each 
 grain of quartz widely from every other. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 89. Chalcopyrite. 
 
 Several pieces of a granular aggregate of quartz and black hornblende, in 
 
Professor Emerson on HaWs Geological Collections. 
 
 567 
 
 which chiilcopyrite occurs disseminated. The rock is tinged green with malachite 
 from its decomposition. 
 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 i)(). ClIALCOPYIUTE. 
 
 Several pieces exactly the same as 88. 
 Labeled, " Stones from Kuen-gum-mi-ookc." 
 
 91. Chalcopyritk. 
 
 Galena, siderite, pyrite. A weathered piece, containing amber-colored side- 
 rite, with the other minerals mentioned above. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 92. Steatite. 
 
 A greenish-white compact talc, pale slaty-blue externally, with much hair- 
 brown phlogopite. 
 
 Labeled, "At the coal found up Little Bay ten miles from M-un-ti-lik." 
 
 93. Corundum. 
 
 A mass larger than a hen's egg of matted crystalline plates of a light ]>is- 
 tachio green margarite, externally weathered to pale straw color. This incloses 
 crystalline portions of a deep clear cobjilt-blue sapphire, making about one-third 
 the mass. The sapphire is very brittle, easily cleavable, and shows imperfect 
 crystalline forms where it projects into cavities in the margarite. It is in i)laces 
 separated from the margarite by a thin layer of white calcite. The margarite 
 melts under the blowpii)e to a white botryoidal enamel. 
 
 CALO.VKEOUS EOCKS AND ASSOCIATED MINERALS. 
 
 94. Granular limestone. 
 
 Thin pieces of a fine even-grained statuary marble, pure white and witliout 
 impurities. It was manifestly intcrstratified with a soft green hydrous mica 
 schist which still remains attached to one surface. With it were pieces of coarse 
 granular limestone containing grains of pale-green coccolite. 
 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 95. Granular limestone with coccolite. 
 
 A rock consisting of white calcite, pale green to bottle green and olive green ; 
 coccolite in rounded grains, with fused surfaces; bronze-colored phlogoi)ite, and 
 rarely grains of colophonite and si)inel. The three constituents are present in 
 about equal quantity, have about the same average size (2-G mm.), and are so 
 mixed as to form a massive granular rock which sinuilates granite perfectly. 
 
 Frobisher Bay, 
 
568 
 
 J'fofessor EiHerson oh IlalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 
 90. (iUANULAll LlMESTCiMi. 
 
 TliO contents of this piircel were nmnifrstly scraped up from tlic foot of a 
 limestone cliff where it was exj)osed to the action of the sea, and includes, beside 
 the limestone and its contents, fragments of adularia and of z very ferruginous 
 (piartzite. The limestone is white, coarsely granular, and very crystalline, iuid 
 contains (1) coccolite, disseminated in grains .1 to 2 mm. in diameter, and nmnded 
 exteriorly as if fused. The color of these grains is a deep bottle-green. They 
 are transparent to translucent; (2) ipiartz, with rounded fused faces ; (3) minute red 
 spinal nibies, octahedra, with rounded edges ; (4,) ])hlogopite in small prisms with 
 rounded i)rism faces, and of pale plum color to bronze and dull yellow on the 
 cleavage faces. 
 
 From White Island on the south side of Frobisher Bay, near the head of it. 
 
 97. Coccolite. 
 
 Large mass of fresh dark-green to blackish-green coarse coccolite. 
 From parcel labeled, " From various places up Frobisher Bay and near the 
 head of it." 
 
 98. Coccolite. 
 
 A liner-grained somewhat weathered green coccolite. 
 
 French Head, Field B.iy. 
 
 The resemblance of the series of rocks hero described to the Laurontian of 
 
 Canada and the Adirondacks and to the Montalban of New Hampshire and 
 
 Massachusetts is very marked. The typical Labradorian rocks arc absent. The 
 
 dark-red massive quartzites agree well with the Canadian quartzites of Iluron- 
 
 ian sige. 
 
 ERUPTIVE ROCKS. 
 
 99. QUAIITZDIOUITE. 
 
 A grayish-black, compact, trap-like rock, seemingly quite fresh, but effer- 
 vescing with acids. In powder blackish, with shade of green. The rock is almost 
 aphanitic with glimmering luster ; with a lens the feldsi)ar crystals can be seen 
 as extremely line lines. In sections plagioclase in interlaced crystals, mostly 
 elongated, is seen to make up the mass of the rock, in the interstices between 
 which the other constituents appear. The feldspar is opaque — white by reflected, 
 pale brown by transmitted, light, being filled with a pale yellowish-brown dust, 
 which is sometimes spread over the whole surface of the section. More often, 
 however, there is upon this as a back ground a system of darker brown lines, 
 parallel to the greatest length of the crystal, formed by an accumulation of the 
 same uuiterial along the lines of boundary between the separate laminie of which 
 the crystal is composed (parallel to c/) O ob), and to this is superadded in many 
 
Professor Emerson on IlalVs Gcolot/ieal Collections. 
 
 5G0 
 
 crystals a second systoiii of lines exactly like and at riplit-anpflos to tiie lirst. 
 This second set of lines is, however, nsually only partly developed, iijjpeiirinjjf only 
 on part of the crystal or some of the lines running only jtart way across tiie same. 
 The lines themselves are generally more evenly spaced, more rijiidly straight, and 
 finer than the other. In rare (jases they are coarser and better develoi>ed. 
 Finally, some crystals show a beautifnlly perfect and delicate lattice-work, all the 
 meshes appearing to the eye exact squares. The second set of lines runs parallel 
 to P. In agreement with this, the crystals, when examined with polarized 
 light, prove to be i)oly synthetically twined parallel to co P co and O P. Some of the 
 crystals also show distinct cleavage planes parallel to the prism faces, and an 
 arrangement of the same particles in these ])lanes. Only with a Tolles lens, of the 
 best definition and a power of 1,G00, was it possible to resolve these lines into 
 their constituents. They prove to be made up of a multitude of pale-red trans- 
 parent ])latcs, with rounded outline, which a])pear as black spots when in the 
 slightest degree out of focus, disappearing almost instantly, their place being 
 taken by others not in the same plane. A few elongated microlites, ai>pareutly 
 hornblende and much larger, are arranged in the same plane with the smaller 
 plates, but there is no passage from the one to the other. The small plates seem 
 to be hematite. The blackish-brown hornblende in broad crystals incloses nuich 
 well-crystallized magnetite, many hornblende microlites, also cavities with mo- 
 tionless bubbles, and is overgrown and often almost entirely changed into grass- 
 green scaly viridite, which has also passed into all fissures in and between 
 the feldspar crystals. Quartz in small rounded grains is evenly distributed 
 through the whole, and filled with fine magnetite crystals, pale-green hornblende, 
 and nmch smaller and longer ap.atite microlites, which sometimes pass with great 
 regularity from all parts of the surface of the grain toward the (ienter. In one 
 piece long fine red needles of goethite occupy fissures. 
 
 A few crystals o.f olivine and masses that seem to have arisen from its 
 decomposition occur; also minute secondary aggregations mixed with viridite 
 occur. 
 
 Magnetite occurs in large aggregations among as well as in the other con- 
 stituents. 
 
 The minerals present in the rock in the order of their frequency are oligo- 
 clase viridite, hornblende, magnetite, quartz, hematite, ? calcite, apatite. 
 Trap-granulite. 
 
 Trai»-{;raiiulit. Lasaulx. Eleiucutc <ler Petrograpliio, p. 348. 
 
 Diallage-graiiiilit. Uatlie. Die Diallagcgrauulitc der Siiclisiscfien granulit-formatioii. Zoit. 
 U. g. G. xxix, p. 274, 1877. 
 
 A large block of a massive brownish-black trap like rock, breaking with 
 
570 
 
 Professor Emerson on Hall's Geological Colleetions. 
 
 > s 
 
 broad conchoidal fractuio, and when moistened slif^htly mottled with preen and 
 brown. It appears quite fre.sli in the interior, but ett'ervesccH with acids. On the 
 outside is a liglit reddish-gray layer of decomposition 2 mm. thick. On the liesh 
 surface it has a glistening luster, and with the lens one detects minute scales of 
 rubellan, flno needles of horid)lende, and roundish spots of reddish color, which 
 prove to be garnets. A few small cavities have been filled with a whitish mixture 
 of calcite and a zeolite, in which radiating needles of shining black secondary horn- 
 blende appear. The rock affords a i-eddish-gray powder and fuses at .'J to a whit- 
 ish enamel. The powder treated with acid and examined under the microscope 
 shows only slight changes; a small quantity of ocher and csilcitx) is removed. 
 Examined in thin section, the rock is found to contain the following minerals: 
 Garnet, which makes up more than half the mass; biotite next in abundance; 
 then hornblende and viridite, and more rarely apatite, hematite, calcite, magne- 
 tite, and a zeolite. Cyanito occurs in long flat crystals, transparent, brilliant, 
 cut across by broad cleavage fissures filled with viridite. It polarizes with great 
 beauty ; occurs commonly in mica. The garnets are scattered through the whole 
 mass, gathered in small groups or occurring singly, separated from each other by 
 mica and hornblende. Many large garnets occur also in the mica. They occur 
 mostly in rounded grains up to .45 mm. in diameter. Imperfect four, six, and eight 
 sided cross-sections are not rare, and the smaller crystals inclosed in the larger 
 and especially in the mica are often perfect rhombic dodecahedrons. The sec- 
 tions of the crystals appear moderately magnified a pale reddish-brown to Isa- 
 bella-yellow, being more or less clouded with a brown dust, except at the narrow 
 border, where they are quite pellucid and colorless or show a faint tinge of violet. 
 The transparent portions are still isotrope, and the central portions show aggre- 
 gate polarization, but when highly magnified it is seen that the transparent gar- 
 net substance predominates in most crystals. In a few cases the decomposition 
 proceeds from the circumference, and the center is stiU quite transparent. The 
 dust is made up of chlorite plates, blood-red hematite scales, and amorphous 
 grains. 
 
 Many small perfect dodecahedra inclosed in the larger garnets are of bright 
 lemon-yellow color, and show distinctly cleavage after c/> O. They are of the 
 same yellow color throughout, and show no tendency to the accumulation of 
 granular matter at the center. Many — apparently hornblende — microlites, ar- 
 ranged in an irregular net-work, are found in them, sometimes passing out into 
 the surrounding mica. 
 
 Kext in abundance is rubellan, in broad, fresh, transparent plates, bright 
 hyacinth red to deep blood red, separating the groups of garnets from one 
 
Professor Emerson on HalVs Geoloykal Collections. 
 
 571 
 
 aii(»tlior, and indoHin^ largo cryHtals of all the otlier coiiHtituents, csjx'cially 
 {jarnot and lioriil)l(>iul(\ Often several garnetH or larye eryHtals of lionibleiMlc 
 lie wholly or i)artly inclosed in a Hingle mica crystal, or, in the case of the horn- 
 blende, rnn entirely across and divide the crystal into several parts. 
 
 Lesiiles these larger inclosures, there occur in great numbers long Hat niicro- 
 lites, Irregularly arranged, and which seem to betheniselves of micaceous nature, 
 long iine apatite needles, and rarely grains of magnetite or bloodred scales of 
 hematite. The blood-red color occurs where the cleavage lines are hurking, and 
 the P face is parallel to the section plane, while crystals cut parallel to the 
 l)rincii)al axis, and showing strongly the cleavage lines, are light brownish yel- 
 low. In the latter case the mineral is strongly dichroic. The mineral is remark- 
 ably fresh and clear in appearance, but is bordered by blackish-green fibrous 
 viridite. 
 
 The hornblende occurs in groups of elongated crystals, often fibrous and 
 brush-like at their ends. It is mostly grass green, sometimes grass green and 
 smoke brown at one end and colorless at the other. It accompanies the rubellan, 
 but is less abundant. 
 
 A blackish to grayish-green fibrous viridite surrounds many of the ganiets, 
 and is accunuilated abundantly in the neighborhood of the rubellan and horn- 
 blende, from which one would not easily distinguish it if it were not for its slight 
 absorption. 
 
 Several small portions of quartz and very rarely a grain of magnetite com- 
 plete the list of the minerals observed. 
 
 102. TUAl'-GUANULITE. 
 
 Not to be distinguished microscopically from the preceding rock, except in 
 containing finely-disseminated pyrite. 
 
 Thin sections show the garnets to be more decon posed, so that there is no 
 clear rim left; also the smaller garnets inclosed in the larger arc much decom- 
 posed. In the mica, which is exactly like that in the foregoing, very many small, 
 perfectly clear, hexagonal cross-sections of apatite occur. Single plates of diallage 
 occur. The section contains aggregations of hornblende, grass green or smoke 
 brown at one end and colorless at the other, projecting into calcite, whiijh fills 
 free spaces in the mica, and is transparent, showing the cleavage sharply. With 
 the hornblende is associated spinel, in separate octahedra, sharply built out and 
 in crystalline groups of a deep cobalt to plum-blue color. 
 
 103. Trap-granulite. 
 
 This is a coarser grained variety, but differs in no other respect microscopic- 
 ally from No. 101. The garnets, which are the principal ingredient, are distinctly 
 
 ■-1 
 
572 
 
 Frofcssor Emerson on IlaWs Geological Collections. 
 
 tlivi.si1>lo info two proups, largo and small, rospwitivolj , about A and 2 tiiiiCH an 
 hii'tiv, »H in No. 101. I)o(;oni])osition nas not procoedtsd so far, tho cryNtais Iwin;; 
 (juite translnccnt, of a faint ochor-yellow color, and in largo part isotropc. Onu 
 of tlio larger and many of the smaller hIiow perfect eiglit-sided cross section;,. 
 Manyof tlie larger crystals are grown together in groups of two and three, a litf'e 
 more than half of each being present. The larger crystals are afl'e«'ted in various 
 ways by decomposition ; some have the center clouded with oeherycdiow, bounded 
 by a clear ring, and this by a ring of blood red rubellan in minute closely aggre- 
 gated crystals, which project into the clear ring. Others having the exterior 
 ring of rubellan are in the interior clouded more or less with a green material. 
 In others this green material is gathered at the center, having a clear yellow 
 area between it and the outer ring of rubellan. In others a pale grass green 
 sjireads over the whole, and iinally the whole crystal is changed into a bright 
 grass-green viridite, arranged in wavy masses, Avhieh recall the Huidal structure 
 of obsidians. Cyanite occurs in smaller crystals than in No. 101, with rectangular 
 cross sections. It polarizes brilliantly. Magnetite is abundant. The contrast 
 of the bright green of the viridite, the deep blood red of the rubellan upon the 
 pale amber background of garnet, makes this a veiy beautiful object under the 
 microscope. 
 104. Tkapobanuute. 
 
 This rock is like No. 101 in appearance, and came probably from another 
 portion of the same mass. It is, however, much more weathered and pitted super- 
 flci.ally by the eating out of calcite, which had filled cavities in the rock. Hounded 
 grains of quartz project from the surface. Many of the cavities are not wholly 
 emptied, there remaining a soft pulverulent mass, which eft'ervesces freely with 
 acid and is wholly dissolved. Black needles of hornblende, like the calcite of 
 secondary origin project into the latter. With the lens one sees, especially 
 when the rock is moistened, rubellan, hornblende and light gray spots, which 
 resemble the flesh-colored ones seen in No. 101, atid which are, as in that case, 
 garnet. 
 
 The whole rock effervesces abundantly Avith acid. Under the microscope 
 the section is much clearer, the rubellan more scattered and in larger crystals, 
 the rest more uniform and homogeneous in appearance than in No. 101. The 
 ground color is pale ocher-yellow, clouded with darker shatles of the same color. 
 The ground shows distinct traces of tesseral forms, and remains dark under 
 crossed Nicols. In the mica small transparent garnets occur. The rubellan 
 occurs in large clear pieces deep blood-red and dark orange, inclosing, (besides 
 garnets,) hornblende, and needles of apatitej and often bordered by magnetite. 
 
J'rofessor J'Jtucrson on llnlPs Gcolofi'icul Colhrtions. 
 
 f)7.*{ 
 
 The ln)rnl)l(MHlo is (or tlii) moat part (loop j^rooii. Soiiu* crystiils iiro reddish at 
 one cikI, cohn-U'HH in thoiniddlo, and {jrcen at thoothor. Tiicysliow cross .sections 
 of lliP. Dhillano in palo ycUow crystals, witli chiiractcristic inchisurcs, |d!ij;io('liise 
 inoncor twolaryo crystals nnd ortlioclasc, yrown fibrous from dcconi posit ion wcro 
 also present. 
 lOfi. TUAV-ORANtTLiTK. 
 
 This is a fresh flne-ffrained i)iccc of the sanio rock, which shows a distinct 
 separation into plates half an inch thick by a rude cleaviifj^e, which is not acconi- 
 ])anied by any ])arallelism in the arran^fenient of the (tonstitnents. Ilnder the 
 microscope it shows all the minerals mentioned under the last rock described, and 
 the resemblance is so close as to nuider a HX)ecial des(;ripti(»n supertiuous. 
 100, TUAP-GKANULITK. 
 
 This piece is very nnich weathered, of a li^ht (ihocolate color, mottled with 
 largo spots of a whitish substance, tilled with blackish and greenish grains. The 
 colorless spaces prove in their section t«) be aniygdaloidal cavities, tilled with an 
 outcr^ayer of milk-white zeolite ami an inner layer of (piart/; both are llUcd with 
 scales of viridite. The rest of the mass is much deciomposed, but seems to have 
 been originally the same as those above described, 
 
 107. TUAPGBANULITK. 
 
 A small much w(>athered pie<!e. 
 
 Labeled, " Found on the route between Rescue Harbor and Or-])nng-ne-wing, 
 an island in Frobisher Bay, C, F. Hall," 
 
 SEDIMENTARY HOCKS, 
 
 108, Sandstone, 
 
 A slab 12 by 15 inches, of a medium-giaiucd rusty-brown llagstone, the sur- 
 face covered with ripple-marks 2;") mm. ai)art. The crests of the ripple-marks ai'o 
 weathered oclier yellow. 
 
 Labeled, " Sandstone, with ripple-marks. Lnpton Channel. Silurian." 
 The following extracts from Hall's Narrative refer to this rock: '*()n ariiv- 
 ing at the next pLice of encampment, the last before reaching the harbor, where 
 I ha<l left the ship, the Innuits informed me that it was called Shar-toe-wik-toe, 
 from a natural breakwater of thin or plate stone, the native word meaning "thin, 
 flat stone." It is on a tongue of land nearly surrounded by watei', on the west side 
 of Lu'jton Channel." (p. 439.) 
 
 ill also mentions that as he stopped in Lnpton Channel on his way home, 
 an old Innuit woman brought on board as a present a flsh upon ti slab of I'od 
 sandstone. 
 
574 
 
 Professor Emerson on HalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 I 1 
 
 
 ► a 
 
 The rock seems to be tbe same with those of Cape Alexander, Wolston- 
 hohiie Soiuid, and Byam Martin's Island, and is probably from the base of the 
 Carboniferous. 
 
 109. LlJIESTONE. 
 
 A gray crinoidal limestone, made up of comminuted fragments of corals and 
 crinoids, all indistinguishable. Lower Silurian? near head of Frobisher Bay. 
 The ostracoids mentioned beyond occur in a similar drab limestone. 
 
 110. Limestone. 
 
 A very compact red-gray limestone, deeply corroded by sea-water. Lower 
 Silurian. Locality, O — in-seen-o-ping ; partly illegible. 
 
 111. Limestone. 
 
 A large flat piece of a compact even-bedded dark reddish-gray limestone, 
 breaking with large conchoidal fracture, and containing, besides minute fragments 
 of coal, part of the last whorl of a large longitudinally striated univalve. Lower 
 Silurian. 
 
 Locality, Frobisher Bay. • 
 
 112. Limestone. 
 
 A deep black, massive, flinty, bituminous limestone, effervescing abundantly 
 with acid, with perfect conchoidal fracture, weathering white externally to a dis- 
 tance of .5-2 mm. Utica slate. Localities, Frobisher Bay, Kun-gum-mi-ooke. 
 
 113. Limestone. 
 
 A dark brown, thin-bedded flinty limestone, with spots of coaly matter from 
 graplotites, Utica slate. 
 
 Localities, Frobisher Bay. French Head in Field Bay. Fragments of the 
 limestones Nos. 112 and 113 were also present in abundance from many other 
 points in Field and Frobisher Bay without special labels, and contain all the Utica 
 slate trilobites and graptolites found in the collection. 
 
 114. Dolomite. 
 
 A large mass of a ragged cavernous dolomite, very harsh t<i the feel, dull 
 gray in the interior, but in large part rusty. 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 115. Dolomite. 
 
 A large mass of com]>act buff dolomite, clouded with bands of smoke gray, 
 c >ntainiug crinoid stems, Ilalysites catenulata, Pentamerus conchidium, Dal. 
 Uj.p^r Silurian. 
 
 Locality, Eescue Harbor. 
 
 :M. 
 
Professor Emerson on IlaWs GeoJogical Collections. 
 
 575 
 
 lie. Dolomite. 
 
 A compact buff magnesian limestone, effervescing very slowly with acid. 
 Upper Silurian. ? Kud-lu-nann. 
 
 117. Dolomite. 
 
 A yellowish white, very compact and tough rock, without fossils. 
 Frobisher Bay. 
 
 118. DoLoivnTE. 
 
 A pale cream-colored magnesian limestone, compact, fine-grained, breaking 
 with very flat, broml conchoidal fracture, extremely brittle and ringing sharply 
 under the hammer, only slightly whitened by weathering. Several hirge pieces 
 were present, all uniformly and abundantly lilled with the minute tubular cavities 
 mentioned on page 579. 
 
 Locality, " Hall's Island of Frobisher." 
 
 119. Dolomite. 
 
 Many fragments of gray and buff limestones, all probably magnesian. 
 French Head, Field Bay. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF FOSSILS. 
 
 The fossils described below belong for the most part to two horizons. That 
 of the Utica slate in flinty bituminous limestones, and that of the Trenton, rich 
 in entomostraca, in gray argillaceous limestone. 
 BuTUOTREPHis, conf. gracilis, Hall. Fig. 1. Natural size. 
 
 Stem stout, subcyliudrical surface rough, succulent, ? 
 branching. Branches alternate acuminate. 
 
 A unique specimen upon the surface of a piece of com- 
 pact gray limestone like that containing entomostraca. The 
 stems stand out from the surface of the rock, and are of 
 lighter color and rougher than the rest of the surface of the rock. At one i)lace 
 alternating rounded stems, having a fruit-like aspect, are present, and many short 
 separated branches are scattered over the surface. 
 Protozoa. 
 
 A small fragment of weathered silicious limestone, bla<',k at center, gray 
 externally, shows many curious forms, which seem to be s])onge spicules and tests 
 of silicious protozoa. What appears to be a hexactinellid spicule is re])eated 
 several times, four hollow tapering tubes, radiating at right angles from a com- 
 mon center, with which the cavities of the tubes are continuous, and in which one 
 looks down into the cavity of a fifth tnbe, the sixth having been removed in 
 cutting the section. Also many fragments, pierced with close-set hexagonal open- 
 
^U' 
 
 576 
 
 Profissor Emerson on HalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 •..i' 
 
 m 
 
 in 88, like many of the fenestrated polycystina. Other forms imitate the flat circu- 
 lar diatoms, and one cross section recalls a section through a single sphere of 
 Pulvinalina. These forms require to be magnified 30 to 50 diameters. In small 
 pieces of gray argillaceous limestone without special label and not associated 
 with other fossils. 
 llECEPTAOULiTE.s (uew spccies). 
 
 " The receptaculites is unlike the several species of the Galena limestone of 
 the West or the R. occidentalis of Canada. Mr. Salter speaks of one found in the 
 northern part of the American continent: Tliis may be that species or it may 
 be a new one ; which it was we liaA'e no means of determining." (R. P. Stevens, 
 Hall's Nar. Ap. 10, p. 594:.) We have made inquiry, but can find no trace of this 
 or the other fossils reported upon in the article quoted. 
 
 DiPLOGUAVTUS DENTATUS, BrongU. Sp. 
 
 1838. FucoUh's dentatiis. Broiiji;ii. Hist. Veg. Fos. pi. (i, i\g. 9, I'i. 
 1865. DipUtjraptm priatlnij'ormis. Hall, Grap. Quebec Gr. p. lid. 
 
 1875. Dqilograptua deiitatits. Hop. & Lap. Graj). of St. Davids, Q. J. G. S., vol. 31, p. 6.50, pi. 
 xxxiv, fif;. 5 rt-5 I: 
 
 Occurs in pieces 25-35 mm. in length, tapering slowly to a blunt point, 
 width 2.5 to 3 mm. Hydrotheca? 22-34 to the inch, average 30. The many forms 
 which I have referred with some doubt to the J). dentatuH in the very wide signifi- 
 cation given to the species by Ifopkinson and Lapworth in the memoir cited 
 above, occur penetrating the black flinty limestone in various directions, or lying 
 npon the cleavage surfaces of the thin-bedded varieties of tlie same black rock. 
 In the former case they cannot be exposed for .study; in the latter, beautiful casts 
 of the uncompressed iwlypary are found. Other .specimens are variously com- 
 pressed, and the series of figures given by llopkinson «& Lapworth would serve 
 perfectly to represi^nt the various forms. In two cases the proxinml end is pre- 
 served as in 5 Tc {he. cit.). O her forms have a more scalariform asi)ect than any 
 there figured. Tliey are all a little more .slender than tl" ormal T). (JentatuH 
 from New York. The specic^s occurs in company with Triurthrm ]iccJ:ii, Cahjmcne 
 senaria, Endoceras proteiforme, &c. 
 
 Localities: In dark-brown silieious limestone weathering dove colored 
 from French Head, Field IJay ; and in black fissile silieious limtsstone at the 
 upper end of Frobisher ]>ay and along the north shore of the same. 
 Climaoograptus qttadeoiucronatus, Hall. 
 
 18(i5. CUmacoijniptu» qiiadrimiicroiKilux, Hall. Grap. Qiicltee Group, p. 144, pi. xiii, tigs. I-IO. 
 Specinuiiis Hattened in various ways represent well many of the drawings 
 cited above, and especially a cast in the linu'stone of an uncompressed specimen is 
 almost iifacshnUe of the restortition of the 8]iecies there figured {loc. cit), exce])t that 
 
 m 
 
Professor Emerson on HalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 517 
 
 only in a few cases and then indistinctly are the characteristic spines indicated. 
 As the measurements agree exactly with those of the C. quadrimucronatus, I think 
 the specimens may without doubt be referred to that species. Found associated 
 with other TJtica slate fossils at French Head, Field Bay, and in Countess of 
 Warwick's Sound. 
 Climacogeaptits, sp. 
 
 Many specimens of a form belonging certainly to this genus occur, but none 
 are well preserved enough to allow of a determination of the species. Hydrothecae 
 30-31 per inch. Greatest width 2.5 mm., tapering slowly from greatest width. 
 They occur in the same association as the preceding species, and are closely allied 
 to C hicornia. Hall, but are much smaller. 
 
 SiCULA OF GRAPTOLITES. 
 
 A large piece of chocolate-brown limestone; contains in immense numbers 
 the embryonic tubes of a species of graptolite, probably of the D. dentatus, above 
 described. These are minute very elongate hollow cones, often flattened; the 
 mouth truncated obliquely, and prolonged in a slender rigid thread about the 
 length of the calicle itself, which latter is 1.5 to 2 mm. long. 
 Cyathophyllum ? PiCKTHOENii, Salter, sp. 
 
 Strephodes Pickthornii, Salter. Sutherland's Journal, vol. ii, Ap. p. ccxxx, plate vi, fig. 5. 
 1878. Cyathophyllum t Pickthornii, Woodward. Geo, Mag. n.s. Dec. II, vol. v. p. 388, pi. x, fig. 
 .5,6. 
 
 A single cup, of the size and shape of the smaller ones figured by Woodward. 
 The lamellae are connected at the bottom by cross plates. In buff limestone, 
 Halysites oatenulata, L. 
 
 A single specimen in buff limestone with Pentamerus. 
 
 From Rescue Harbor ; quoted also from Silliman's Fossil Mount of Hall, 
 lat. 63° 44" K., long. 68° 56" W., by E. P. Stevens.— Hall's Nab., p. 594. 
 Stiotopora ramosa. Hall. ? 
 
 Many weathered specimens occur in the gray crinoidal limestone along the 
 north shore of Frobisher Bay. It may be the same as the Alveolites f arctica. 
 Wood. Geo. Mag. 1878, p. 389. 
 Heleolites (new species). 
 Heliopora (new species). 
 
 "The specimens of corals were very perfect and beautiful, and unlike any 
 figured by Professor Hall in the Palaeontology of New York." (R. P. Stevens, 
 Hall's Nar., Appendix X.) 
 
 Orinoid stems and fragments are found abundantly, but in all cases round, 
 small, and not determinable. 
 S. Ex. L'7 37 
 
578 
 
 Professor Emerson on HaWs Geological Collections. 
 
 LlNOULA CURTA, Coil. 
 
 Many specimens, retainin;;- the black, sliiniufj, finely- striated shell, and agree- 
 ing exactly with Utica and Fort Plain, N. Y., specimens, occur in the black lime- 
 stone associated in different pieces of the rock with all the other Utica slate fossils 
 met with. 
 Rynchonella, sp. 
 
 Several minnte specimens occur, characterized by sharp ribs, very high keel, 
 and deep sinus ; in gray limestone with Entomostnica. 
 Choni-.tes conf. striatella, Dal. 
 
 A minute quite convex shell covered with line ribs not visible except with 
 the lens. The ribs anastomose toward the border, and are separated in groups 
 of from 8 to 10 by grooves twice the width of those between the separate striie; 
 height 4-6 mm. In gray limestone with Entomostraca. 
 Pentamerus conchidium, Dal. 
 
 The large mass of magnesiau limestone No. 109, from Rescue Harbor, con- 
 tains a single well-preserved specimen of this species and many cross sections, 
 showing the characteristic septum. 
 Tellinomya levata. Hall. 
 
 1847. Nucula levata, Hall. Pal. N. Y., vol. i, p. 150, \>\. M, fijr. 1. 
 1675. Tellinomya lerata, Hall. Pal. Ohio, vol. ii, p. t*'i, pi. 1, iifj;. 23. 
 
 This species is represented by a single sharply defined cast of the beak and 
 
 central portions of the hinge plate. Enough is preserved to show that the shell 
 
 was ventricose, with large incurved beaks and posterior curvatiire 
 
 of the hinge plate. It agrees in all points with the figure of the 
 
 a interior of the shell in Pal. Ohio above cited. It occurs in a 
 
 Fig. 3 magnitted small fragment of buff limestone from the north side of Frobisher 
 
 three times. j^.^y^ associated in the same piece with many indistinguishable 
 
 fragments of bivalves, crinoid stems,aud a minute Murchisonia gracilis.? 
 
 The figure is drawn from a cast in rubber of the impression. 
 
 C!ONULARIA TRENTONENSIS, Hall. 
 
 A cast of one side of the shell, retaining in part the substance of the same 
 (tf deep chestnut brown, shows all the characteristics of this species. In gray 
 limestone with Entomostraca. 
 
 (rASTEROPODA. 
 
 Besides the Machirca arotica quoted by Stevens in the Appendix to Hall's 
 Narrative, page 594, the collection examined by me contains single portions of 
 several species too fragmentary for determination — a small Murchisoma gracilis, 
 Hall ; a Madiiren, and a small turbinoid shell which may be Cyclonema bilix. 
 
Professor Emerson on Halts Geoloijkal Collections. 
 
 571) 
 
 Endoceuas pkoteiforme, Hall. 
 
 184;{. Kmlncwaa protviformr, Halt. Pal. N. Y., vol. i, p. >208, pi. xlv-l. 
 184;J. ? p. ;U1, pi. Ixxxv, fit;. 1. 
 
 Ten or more specimens of this form ai"e present, which are all Hattened, and 
 resemble closely the flattened forms from Fort Plain, K. Y., from the Utica slate, 
 referred by Hall with doubt to this species. Five of the specimens are flattened, 
 showing' neither septa nor distinct surface markings, but tapering at exactly the 
 same angle as the Fort Plain specimens. Four retain very distinctly the exterior 
 marking, and agree so exactly with the flg. 3, pi. lix, loc. cit., of the surface mark- 
 ing of E. proteiforme, var. lineolatum, that it might have been tlie original fiom 
 Avhich the drawing was made. The surface is covered with transverse stria; ;{ to 
 the ram. Two other specimens show the points of small shells, flattened, septa 
 distant not quite 4 of the diameter. Tlie specimens were found one in a gray 
 limestone associated with crinoid stems, the others in tlie black shaly limestone 
 with Triarthrus Beckii, Calymene senaria, Lingula curta, Diplograptus deutatus, 
 &c. 
 Orthoceuas laqfeatum, Hall. ? 
 
 Orlhocemn Iniiiwutniii, Hall. Pal. N. Y., i, j). 200, i>l. Ivi, iij;. '2 a-i: 
 A single impression agrees in the character of tlie striation with this 
 species. In black shalj' limestone. 
 
 Tentaculites. ? 
 
 Length of largest piece, 1.1 mm. ; width, .1-.2 mm. 
 buft" limestone, No. 112, are flUed with minute tubular 
 tapering cavities, showing traces of delicate transverse 
 striation, now covered with scattered elevations, due to 
 subsequent crystallization apparently of hematite. These 
 may be cast of a minute shell or of the sicuhe of grap- 
 tolites from which the chitine has been wholly removed, 
 however, and the limestone is so compact and free from (nirbonaceous matter, that 
 it does not seem possible that they can have been cliitinous. Tlieir organic origin 
 is not entirely certain. 
 Lepeeditia alta, Con. sp. 
 
 1856. Leperditia alta, Joucs. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. "2(1 ser. xvii, p. 89, pi. vii, i\n. (1,7. 
 Length, left valve, 4 mm. ; breadth, 2i| mm. (Carapace valve strongly con- 
 vex, minutely papillose under strong lens, pale chestnut brown, slightly oblong. 
 Iliuge-line straight, angles at end of hinge-line not strongly marked, anterior 
 end slightly narrower than posterior, anterior tubercle indistinct, central tuberi^le 
 not seen. 
 
 Large masses of the 
 
 Fiu;. 4 ina<;nit'i(Ml t wcnty- 
 scven limes. 
 
 They are so immerous. 
 
580 
 
 Professor Emerson on UalVs Geological Collections. 
 
 A small fragment of gray argillaceous limestone was dlled with specimens 
 
 of this species, mostly as single valves and without admixture of other forms. 
 
 The cleavage face of the rock showed many valves much 
 
 weathered, the color being lost and the surface rough. They 
 
 agree with the L. alta of the Tentaculite limestone. A few 
 
 5 ^ " valves slightly larger occur in a second fragment of a lime- 
 
 Fig. 5 a, left valve X 4; ,-, xi ^ ^ u i. -^i i? -i x- 
 
 fig. 5 6, cross-section from stone hke the tirst, but With fossils ot many species, espe- 
 
 poiishert section. cially Entomostraca, it having furnished all the species 
 
 of that class described below, besides three species of BraclMopoda. 
 North shore Frobisher Bay. 
 
 Lepeeditia canadensis, Jones. 
 
 1858. Le})crdUia caiiadetisis, Jones. An. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 3(1 ser. i, p. 244, pi. ix, f. ll-l.'i. 
 
 Carapace valve minute, mottled brown, uniformly convex, convexity greatest 
 in the anterior third, eye tubercle well marked, nuchal de- 
 pression sloping equally to dorsal and ventral border. 
 Dorsal margin straight, shorter than greatest length, 
 „.,?''.,, , , p ventral margin obliquelv convex, extremities unequal, 
 
 Fig.Oa, right valve, x4; fig. e i ., > i i 
 
 C6, surface, X 80. Length, anterior angular, posterior broadly rounded. Surface of 
 11 mm.; breadth. If mm. va,ive covered with fine irregularly placed pustules in the 
 specimen figured, in another coarsely and irregularly pitted. The small size and 
 the pustulose surface do not agree with the published descriptions of L. cana- 
 densis, but the fine hair like pustules, visible only with high magnifying power, 
 would generally be wanting, the other valves in the same piece of stone showing 
 no trace thereof. 
 
 The specimen figured in a small piece of buff limestone from the north side 
 of Frobisher Bay ; other valves in the gray limestone already mentioned. 
 
 Primitia muta, Jones. 
 
 1858. Cylheropais convinua, Jones, f An. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. 3d ser,, vol. i, p. 2.52, pi. 9, f. B. 
 1865. Primitia muta, Jones. Ibid. vol. xvi, p. 425. 
 
 Carapace- valve minute, smooth and shining ; deep chestnut brown ; in weath- 
 ered specimens dead white; ovate to oblong-ovate; generally leper- 
 ^^ ditia-shaped in outline, hinge-line straight, ends very unequal, ven- 
 
 Fig. 7 left valve ^^^^ edge curved. Occurs in great abundance in company with the 
 magnified four other eutomostraca described, and alone in several small pieces of 
 imes. i^^g. ijjjjggjQjjg^ One piece labeled north shore Frobisher Bay, the 
 
 others without special labels. Forms agreeing with the P. concinua, Jones, from 
 the Canadiau Trenton, as also with the elongate P. tenera, Linnarsson (Vester- 
 
 
 I 
 
 K 
 
 
Professor Emerson on IlaWs Geolopiail (. 'oil ect ions. 
 
 681 
 
 a ij 
 (t. rnst of right 
 x 4; fig. 8 b, 
 
 gothlaiuls Cambriska ocli Siliniska Atiagriiigar, p. 85, fig. 70), from the Trinu- 
 clid Skitter of Sweden aceoiiii)aiiy the typieal forms, 
 
 PrIMITIA FUOBISHEKI, 11. 8. 
 
 Carapace-valve smooth, liglit-brown, nearly oval, strongly and regularly 
 convex, sloping away from the central portion to meet the 
 road reflected border at right angles. This border is broad- 
 est on the ventral side; is thin and must have been ap- 
 plied to the corresponding niargiu of the left valve like 
 a flange. On this margin ari> placed 9-10 distinct ex- rirr. ^ 
 
 treraely thin elevated ribs, which run up onto the valve ^"'^* 
 
 ' •■ . . , ■ 1 1. ,. . -. , , •, more cnlarKod to show 
 
 towards a central point III the middle oi the d(n'sal border; ,,j|,j. [^j.,i,,ti, i^ „„„. ; 
 
 of these ribs only six are preserved. From the ventral bnailtli, f nim. 
 furrow they may be traced ii]) the valve so far as the shell is present, retaining 
 their radial direction, and not anastomosing as is the case in more recent genera. 
 Just in advance of the middle line of the valve a furrow commences, shallow at the 
 dorsal border, grows narrower and much deeper, and ends abruptly at the middle 
 of the valve, being represented in the intt^rior by a strong elevation which rises 
 nearly to the center of the carapace. This furrow borders at its deepest portion 
 a proportionally large hemispherical elevated tubercle, which passes into the gen- 
 eral convexity of the valve without the intervention of any dei>ression except upon 
 the posterior side and for a short distance round onto the under side, where it is 
 bounded by a shallow furrow prolonged from the central sulcus. The description is 
 drawn up from a cast of the interior of a right valve having the shell remaining upon 
 the border and half-way up the side and from the interiors of several valves in 
 good preservation. It is allied to the Byrichia strangtdata, Jones, An. Nat. Hist. 
 1855, 2d series, xvi, p. 172, =Frimitia nana, Jones and Hall, loc. cit., 3d series, 
 xvi, 18G5, p. 420, from English Lower Silurian ; also to P. stranffuhita, Jones, in 
 Liiinarssou Vestergoth. Camb. o. Sil. Af., j). 85. Ditters in the broad-ribbed mar- 
 gin, large size, lower position of tubei'cle and greater convexity. A form which 
 I have not found described occurs in the Tentaculite limestone of Schoharie with 
 Ij. alfa, which agrees closely with the above-described species. The state of 
 preservation made it not possible to determine if the marginal ribs were present. 
 Found in the gray limestone with other Entomostraca. 
 
 BYUIfllllA SYM5IETKICA, U. S. 
 
 Carapace-valve flattened, elongate. Dorsal and ventral margins parallel. 
 Extremities rounded about equally, meeting the dorsal border with slight and 
 ecpial angles. Dorsal marging straight, not quite equaling the longest diameter 
 of the valve. Valve ornamented by two irregularly-rounded tubercles, the ante- 
 
 If 
 
582 
 
 Professor Emerson on HalTs Geological Cnllections. 
 
 rior proHiiiieiit, i)i«)j(H',tin{jf slightly over the hiiigeliueaiul ruuninf; downwards and 
 
 backwards; the posterior rising abruptly from the broad sulcus and sloping, with 
 
 flat surface to the point of junction of the dorsal and ])08terior border. The 
 
 broad sulcus is hollowed between these two tubercules, passes around them 
 
 anteriorly and posteriorly, and is bounded on the outside by 
 
 a ridge which starts at the front side of the anterior tubercle 
 
 and arches round till it coincides in dinjction with the ventral 
 
 margin, which it then follows to the posterior portion of the 
 
 FiR. 9 «, light valve, valve, where it curves round sharply to meet the posterior side 
 
 fii: 9 h end vit-w' "^ *'"^ posterior tubercle. This ridge is highest in the middle, 
 
 Lciigtli, ajm III. ; and there sharply elevated and bent slightly toward the dorsal 
 
 breadth, \\ nini. margin, while at both ends it is flatter and less distinctly 
 
 mr.rked oft" from the rest of the valve. It ivS separated from the ventral rim by a 
 
 deep, regularly concave groove, which becomes broader and ill-defined towards 
 
 the ends of the valve. The whole valve remotely resembles the cast of a bivalve 
 
 shell with abnormally deep and large pallia! and muscular impressions. 
 
 The description is made from two sharply marked casts, the shell being 
 present only in the ventral fuirow, where it is thick, smooth, and light brown. 
 
 Found in the gray limestone with other Entomostraca. 
 Triarthrus Beckii, Green. 
 
 The separated heads of this species are very abundant in the black lime- 
 stones, and the separated cheeks and tails are also present in great numbers. 
 They are all small, the heads being 4-7 mm. in length. The occurrence of tliis 
 common Utica slate species so far north is interesting, and, taken with its appear- 
 ance in the Triuuclid Skiflfer of Sweden (Linnarsson, loc. cit, p. 70, fig. 27), where 
 it is also of the same small size as here, gives it a wide distribution. 
 Calyjiene senaria, Conrad. 
 
 Several small, flattened, well-preserved tails, and one cheek, which belonged 
 to individuals not more than 12-15 nnn. long, occur in the black limeston(^ with 
 the other Utica slate fossils enumerated. 
 Phacops, sp. 
 
 The pustulose elevated glabella of a small individual has the shape common 
 to species of this genus. 
 
 In black limestone. 
 ASAPHUS, sp. 
 
 A stout spine, triangular in cross section, and marked on the under side 
 exactly as in Asajjluis gigas. 
 
 In gray limestone with Entomostraca. 
 
Professor Emerfsov on IlaWs Geolofjiml Collections. 
 
 r>83 
 
 TUILOniTES HJ). 
 
 I liav«^ fifjurod a small pygidlnrn, wliicli is broad and flattpiied, apparently 
 acntely terminated behind, witli tiiickencd rim. and broad, very slightly elevated 
 ribs. 
 
 In black limestone. 
 
 F\ff. 10, niiipiiticd hcvcu times, 
 
 Cyphaspis ? Feobisheri, n. s. 
 
 The only parts certainly belonging to this species are the impressions of 
 two cheeks upon different cleavage faces of a piece of the black limestone 
 with Triarthrun Beckii, unless a pygidium upon the same piece, 
 which agrees well with that of Ci/phaxpia Burvieisteri, Bar., in 
 shape, msiy belong to the same individual. The cheek is thin, 
 flattened, smooth, very remarkable for its angular outline 
 and the very abnormal curvature of the spine. The edge is Fis- li, magnified 
 sei)arated from the rest of the cheek by a deep groove, flat at i Ih /^i^enk 
 the bottom, broad in front, and narrowing behind. The border is 1:5 mm. 
 formed by the curving upward of the crust and not by its thickening^ and the 
 spine is a prolongation of this border, having for a time the same dimensions and 
 ending abruptly. The suture starts from a point on one side of the central line 
 and runs across the border, directed towards the central point of the glabella, 
 then continues in a sigmoid curve to the eyt, and running around that passes in 
 a curve outwardly convex to meet the posterior of the head at a point just inside 
 the base of the spine. The eye shows marks of six facets placed in one curved 
 line. 
 
 In black limestone — Utica slate. 
 
 I t: 
 
__^„___.,, ,„,_ 
 
 -■'-•- ■'^-•-"^ ■' ' -■'■'■' 
 
APPENDIX IV. 
 
 HALL'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE INNUITS :-1864, 1868, AND 1869. 
 
 PAPERS A, B, AND C. 
 
 
 J 
 

i^PPEISTDIX IV. 
 
 HALL'S CONVERSATIONS WITH THE INNUITS. 
 
 Prefatory Notk to the Extracts from IIali;s Conversations with 
 
 THE iNNUITS IN THE YEARS 18(J4, 18G8, AND 18()0— I'Al'ER A, CONVER- 
 SATIONS HELD DURING THE EARLY I'ART OF IIALL'S ARCTIC RESI- 
 DENCE, December, 1804— Paver P>, Conversations held on the 
 
 .TOURNEY to AND RETURN FROM THE STRAITS OF FURY AND IlECLA, 
 
 April, 18(J8— Paper C, CIonversations held avith a native of King 
 William's Land and with others after Hall's visit to that re- 
 gion, 18(i9. 
 
 The extracts which Ibllow show Hall's caret'ulncss to cotuc at the truth in 
 regard to what he was seeking to leani from the Esldmos. His (]uestioiis and 
 cross-questions of individuals— taking them separatelj and, at times, when as- 
 sembled in an tf//w)— evince care and skill. He availed himself of the watchful- 
 ness of his faithful interpreter, Hannah. 
 
 The publication in the columns of the New York Journal of Commerce of 
 part of the extracts from his Journals, to be found in Paper A, created at the 
 time some excitement. Papers B and C are specimens of the talks which are 
 found recorded with care in Books A and B, which have been returned to the 
 Observatory by the courtesy of Lady Franklin's niece, Miss Sophia Cracroft, of 
 London. These two books bear the indorsement of Captain Hall :— 
 
 " This tenth day of January, 1871, sent by Express to England to be deliv- 
 ered to Lady Franklin in Trust. Lady P., Miss Cracroft, and Admiral Sir Leo- 
 pold McCliutock may read them ; no copy or copies to be made." 
 
588 
 
 Conversations tv'dh Innuits. 
 
 I>ccemlM>r, 186-1. 
 
 I' A P E li A 
 
 ' 'ifyJ 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM HALL'S CONVERSATIONS HKLl) WITH THE INNUITS OF REPULSE 
 BAY IN THE MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1864. 
 
 Deoembeu Gtii, 1804. — This night I have liad a deeply iiiterestiug interview 
 with several of the natives. On the retnrn of the walrus hunters, they almost 
 uniformly call at our igloo during the evening to see and talk with me ; this 
 evening ^r-wjoM first comes in. I asled him when he was at Igloo-lik a few 
 years ago and what names of Kob-lu-nas he heard of, that he remembered f 
 The answer was Parry, Lyon and Crozier — the first two were Esh-e-mut-tas (chiefs 
 or capt^vius), but the latter one was not. 
 
 Ar-tooa, the An-nat-ko, next came in. lie has been to Pelly Bay (Ok-ke- 
 be-gu-loo-a, as the Innuits call it) which is near Neitch-il-le (Boothia Peninsula). 
 While at my igloo Ar-too-a once told me that he had heard of Crozier when at 
 Pelly Bay, that he (C) was one of the Koblunas belonging to the two ships that 
 were in the ice near Neitch-il-Ie for two years before the white men left them. 
 
 I proceeded to ask Ar-too-a the questions of the names of the white men 
 he had heard of from Innuits, who had been to Igloo-lik. He said. Parry, Cro- 
 zier and Lyon ; — he had heard of others, but could not now remember them. I 
 asked him if he had heard a great deal about Crozier, and he replied, with great 
 Avarmth, that he had ; and then went on talking with Ar-mon and Ebierbing, tell- 
 ing them how much he knew. 
 
 Oong-oo-too next came in, followed by Ou-e-la and Shoo-she-ark-nuk. The 
 latter two, 1 knew, would be of great service in communicating important facts, 
 if such wei'e in their possession. The for.ner is a smart, strong, muscular young 
 Plan, a ' ''at musk-ox hunter, but a very small talker. lean never get much 
 out of h.. in the way of tongue work. 
 
 The parties now named were all present. Ar-too-a had become deeeply inter- 
 .'sted in giving all the facts he knew about Crozier. He drew his brothers Oue-la, 
 Hhoo-she-ark-nuk, and my man Ebier-bing into a general conversatian withhim 
 ^on the subject. Too-koo-li-too sat at her usual place on the took -too bed before 
 the fire-lamp, knitting a sack of zephyr worsted to keep my nasal organ from 
 freezing when I go out on sledge trips this winter. At the same time she was 
 attentively listening to all th.it was said, that she might, as interpreter, commu- 
 nicrte the sooaer to me. I was seated on my stool, deeply absorbed in all that I 
 could understand, whidi I nuist confess was very little. 
 
December, 1864.] 
 
 CoHveymtions with Iniiuits. 
 
 589 
 
 While the parties named were engaged listening to what Shoo-slie-ark-nuk 
 was saying, I commene'^ . ^ell Too-kooli-too that I wished her to say that the 
 Crozier (of whom they kn. something ahont as having been at Igloo-lik with 
 Parry twenty-two years after he was at Igloo-lik) left the Koblunar country as 
 an Esh-e-mut-ta of one of the two ships that were lost at Ifeitch-il-le. When I 
 had this in mind, I had somehow out of mind the fact that Ar-too-a had previoimly 
 told me that Crozier, the same one who was at Igloo-lik, was in one of the lost ships 
 at Neitchille. My usual precaution about keeping what I knew about Parry's 
 ships and Franklin's to myself, without letting one word out on my i)art, was not 
 now adhered to. 
 
 1 had not got two words out before Too-koo-li-too signaled to me by a motion 
 of her hand to keep silent. She then said, " They are saying something that I 
 will like much to hear." Of course I waited with great solicitude Too-kooli-too's 
 face soon glowed with delight as she said ; " That same man, Crozier, who was 
 at Igloo-lik when Parry and Lyon were there, was Esh-e-mut-ta (meaning captain 
 in this case, the literal chief) uf the two ships lost in the ice at Neitchille. 
 Crozier was the only man that would not eat any of the meat of the Koblunas 
 as the others all did. Crozier and the three men with him were very hungry, but 
 Crozier, though nearly starved and very thin, would not eat a bit of the Koblu- 
 nas, — he waited till an Inuuit who was with him and the three men caught a seal, 
 and then Crozier only ate one mouthful, — one little bit first time. Next time, 
 Crozier ate of the seal he took a little larger piece, though that was a little bit 
 too. One man of the whole number four died because he was sick. The others 
 all lived and grew fat, and hnally Crozier got one Innuit with his kiak to accom- 
 pany him and the two men iu trying to get to the Koblunar country by traveling 
 to the southward. The Innuits here think these two men and Crozier are alive 
 ye^; think they may have returned to Neitchille, if they found they could not get 
 liome to the Koblunar country, and lived again with the Innuits. 
 
 The two winters the two ships were at Neitchille were very cold. The 
 Innuits never knew such very cold weather — there war; no summer between the 
 <^wo winters — could catch no seals or kill any rein-deer at most of the usual places 
 3re they were most accustomed to find them. 
 Relative to the interview described, I was thankful — delighted, indeed, that 
 Too-kooli-too had checked me when I was about to request her to tell the Innuits 
 present what I had in mind. A most important fact came out in consequence, 
 showing that the Innuits far and near are convejsant with all events of this 
 nature thau take place in their country. The Pelly Bay Inimits, from what had 
 
590 
 
 Conversations ivtth Innuits. 
 
 [Dfccmbcr, 1H64. 
 
 •I 
 
 been told tlieiii by Innuits who liatl seen Crozier, knew tliat he (C.) was not an 
 Esh-e-nnit ta (captain) when with tlic two ships that visited Ig-loo-lik and the other 
 phices. But tlicy knew tliat lie (C ) was Eshe-niut-ta when at Neitch-ille. The 
 fact that Crozier was not an Esh-e-nuit-ta when at Ig-loo-lik was well known to 
 Ou-e-la, Shoo-she-ark-nuk, and Ar-too-a when they were boys. Erk-tu-a knows this 
 well, and so it is known all the way from here to Ig-loo-lik and even Pond's 
 Bay — I doubt not. How remarkable it is that such matters are per[)etuated by a 
 people that have no knowledge of books and writings ! But these facts which 
 I now give record to (-annoi be learned in a inoment. Friendship and conlidence 
 nnist be established first, and even then there are obstacles ever in the way, 
 which prevent rapid ac(piisition of knowledge among this people. I am blessed 
 with having Ebierbing and Too-koo-li-too for my company and interpreters. 
 
 December Tth, 18G4. — This morning Erk-tu-a, the relict of Ewe-rat, and 
 old mother Ook-bar-loo, called on me. 
 
 1 began my incpiiries by asking Erk-tu-a to report to me all the names she 
 could recollect of the Kob-lu-nas she saw when at Ig-loo-lik. She began and con- 
 tinued thus — Paree, he Esh-e-nnit-ta (captain); Lyon, he Esh-e-mut-ta (captain); 
 Par mee, he Esh-e-mut-ta-nar (mate on Lyon's shij)) ; Oo-Iiz-e (on Parry's ship) 
 Cro-zhar, Esh e-nnit-ta-nar (mate or some officer not so great as captain on l^arry's 
 ship) ; * * * Erk-tu-a says that Crozier was called Ag-loo-ka by the Innuits. Cro- 
 zier's name was given to old Ook-bar-loo's sister's son, whose name was Ag-loo-ka, 
 and Ag-loo-ka's name was giveu to Crozier. The lunuit Aglooka is still living, 
 but called Oo-li-zhum. 
 
 After Erk-tu-a said this much I opened Parry's work, " Narrative of 2nd 
 voyage for the discovery of a North West Passage," and turned to the list of 
 officers &c, in the introduction to said work. I readily made out to whom " Par-me " 
 (as Erk-tu-a s])oke the name) referred. Chas. Palmer was one of the lientenants 
 on board of Lyon's ship, "Oo-liz-e" I could not make out. # * * * # 
 
 li]rk-tu-a said there were dogs at Igloo lik named after Crozier, and also after 
 Parry and Lyon, and so the Innuits would name dogs after me in way of respect 
 to me, and in commemoration of one who had treated their people kindly. 
 This compliment, though to numy it might seem funny, is one that touched my 
 heart. * * * 
 
 Relative to Sir John Franklin's Expedition, mother Ook-barloo says (very 
 reservedly — in a way of letting me know of a matter that is a great secret among 
 the lininits) "that two annatkos (conjurors) of Neitchille ankooted so much, that 
 no.animal, no game whatsoever would go near the locality of the two shi[)s, which 
 
 Jlk 
 
 ^ 
 
December, 1864t 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 591 
 
 were in the ice near Neitchille many years ajjo. The Innuits wished to live near 
 that place (whore the ships were) but could not kill auythinp^ lor their food. 
 They (the Innui(s) really believed that the presence of the Koblunas (whites) in 
 that part of the country was the cause of all their (the Innuits') trouble." 
 
 Mother Ook-bar-loo continued — " One man would not eat the tlesli of liis 
 frozen and starved companions, and therefore when her nephew, Too-shoo-ar- 
 thar-i-n, found Aglooka (Crozier) and three other Koblunas with him, Aglooka, 
 who was the one that would not eat human Hesh, was very thin and almost 
 starved. One of the three men with Aglooka died, for he was very sick. He did 
 not die from hunger, but because he was very sick. * * # 
 
 The two an-natkos at Neitch-ille were very bad, for they ankooted on pur- 
 pose to have the Kob-lu-nas that were in the two ships two years in the ice all 
 starved to death. Sometimes Neitchille an-nat-kos act very Ijadly. 
 
 December 8tii, 18(i4. — This evening I have had another talk witli One-la, 
 Shoo-she-ark-nuk and Ar-too-a about sonu^ of the men of Franklin's E.\i)edition. 
 The man who caught seals for Ag-loo-ka (Crozier) and some of his men — the three 
 with him — is their cousin. His name is Too-shoo-ar-thar-i-u. When he first 
 found Crozier and the three men with them, Crozier's face looked bad — his eyes all 
 sunk in — looked so bad that their cousin could not bear to look at his face. Their 
 cousin gave Crozier a bit of raw seal as quick as he could when he first saw him. 
 Did not give any to the other three, for they were fat and had been eating the 
 flesh of their companions. It was near Neitch-il-le that this occurred on the ice. 
 This cousin is now living at Neitch-il-le. When Too-shoo-ar-thar-i-u first saw 
 Crozier and the men with bim, he was moving, having a loaded vsledge drawn by 
 dogs ; he was going from place to place, making Igloos on the ice — sealing — he 
 had with him his wife, whose name is E-laing-nur, and children. Crozier and his 
 men had guns and plenty of powder, shot and ball. The cousin took Crozier and 
 his men along with him, and fed them and took good care of them all winter, lie- 
 side a high clift' Ininiits saw something like Now-yers (gulls) fall down to the 
 ground, dead, and would not touch them, for Crozier had done something to 
 them — they (the Innuits) knew not Avhat. In the summer Crozier and his men 
 killed with their guns a great many birds, ducks, geese and rein-deer. Crozier 
 killed many — very many of the latter. The Innuits saw him do it. A Neitchille 
 Inmiit went with Crozier and his remaining two men when they started to go to 
 their country. They had a kiak with which to cross ri\'ers and lakes. They 
 went tlown toward Ook-koo-seek-kalik (the estuary of Great Fisii or Back's Kiver). 
 Their cousin liked Crozier very much. Crozier wanted to give tlieir cousin his 
 

 592 
 
 Conversations with Innuits 
 
 [Drccmbvr, 1804. 
 
 I (ilS 
 
 . M 
 
 > m 
 
 Sim, but he would not accept it, for be was afraid of it, he did not know any- 
 thing about how to use it. Orozier gave him his long knife (sword, as Too-kooli-too 
 and Ebierbing interpret it) and nearly everything he had. He (C.) had many 
 pretty things. Crozier told Too-shoo-ar-thar-i-u all about what had happened, but 
 he could not understand all. This cousin is now alive, and knows all what he 
 saw and what Crozier told him. 
 
 The story now is, th.at Crozier with his two men and a Neit(!h-il-le Innuit 
 started from Neiteh-il le — started in the summer or fall — for the Kob-lu-nas' coun- 
 try, traveling to the southward on tlic land. They had a small boat that had 
 jdaces on the sides that would hold wind (air) (Kbierbing said to me.) From their 
 (our informers') description, the boat must have been an India rubber one, or 
 something like it, with hollow places in the sides for wind (air) to hold it up 
 when in the water. (By this it would seem that Franklin must have had in his 
 A-essels a boat or boats called Halkett's air-boats, or its equivalent. Bnt I do not 
 recollect of ever reading or hearing about this particular; however, I believe 
 that he (Franklin) must have had something of tlds kind aboard his ship.) 
 There were sticks or holes for this boat, to keep it open (spread) when needed. 
 
 This small boat was wrapped or rolled up in a bundle or pack, and carried 
 on the shoulder of one of his men. The sides of this boat, something like Innuits' 
 " drugs " that could be filled with air. » * * 
 
 " In-nook-poosh-ee-jook is the name of an Innuit who went with others of his 
 people aboard of Ag-loo-ka's ship after the Neitchille Innuits heard that the Kob- 
 lu-nas had all left it. This was while Ag-loo-ka and his three men were living on 
 the ice in an igloo with her nephew. In-nook-poosh-ee-jook and his companions got 
 at that time a great many things out of the ship. This Innuit often visited I-wil- 
 lik (Repulse Bay). 
 
 At 11 a. m. Old mother Ouk-bar-loo came iu, bringing a long, thick slab of 
 powdered walrus ook-sook (blubber) for our fire-lamp. I proceeded to ask her 
 about the interview she had with In-nook-poosh-ee-jook. Ook-bar-loo said : He 
 told her how he, his father, wife, and children, and other Innuits, went to a big tent, 
 and there saw starved and frozen Kob-lu-nas all dead, many with the flesh all cut 
 off from the bones — the head and necks all whole. Around the necks of several 
 were strings of beads. These the Innuits took, besides many tin (sanisters, cups, 
 knives, and other things. After this, these same parties with others, visited the 
 ship or ships (the old lady could not recollect whether there was one or two), and 
 got a great many things and carried them ashore. No one was on board tlie ship 
 when these Innuits went to it. No Koblu-na's dead body was about the ship. 
 
December, 1S64.I 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 593 
 
 r 
 
 Tho Kob-lu-nas, or the Iiumits, made a biy liol« in the bottom of tlie ship, 
 as if they had wanted to sink it. The Inuuits got two big long saws from the 
 ship that the Kob-Ui-nas had used to saw ice with and took tliem to tlie land. 
 The Innuits saw that nearly the whole of one side of the vessel had been crushed 
 in by the heavy ice that Avas about it, and thought that was why the Kob-lu-nas 
 had left it and gone to the land and lived in the tents. By and by the Kob-lu-nas 
 froze and starved. Among the things the Innuits got from the sliip were a great 
 manyood-loos (Innuit women's kni\'es, like our domestic mincing or chopping 
 knives in the States). These were all good, just what all the women wanted. 
 Every wonmn had one, and there were more than enough for each woman and 
 girl. Besides these, they got a great many knives for the men, such as pe-louds 
 and pan-nas (small or short bladed, and long-bladed knives), a great many spoons 
 and forks, a good many bright rings for the fingers, a great many round thin 
 pieces of metal (medals and ])ieces of money, Too-koo-li-too says these must have 
 been, from old Ook-bar-loo's description). Some were red, some white, and some 
 looked like the metal ka-roons (a brass ornament worn on the foreheads of the 
 Innuits here and at Neitch-il-le) are made of. (Too-koo-li-too thinks some of these 
 money and medal pieces were bright gold and others brass). 
 
 Thursday, DecVlSM, 1804. — 1.30 P. M — The astounding news that Ag-loo-ka 
 (Crozier) anived, with one man, among the Kin-na-pa-toos, his powder and shot 
 nearly all gone ! I must give the particulars of the above startling news, as given 
 me a few moments ago. At the time I got the above information there were, as 
 usual througli the day and evening, several Innuits in our igloo. The An-nat-koo's 
 
 (Ar-too-a's) wife, and the wife of , and the old man. See-gar, were all seated on 
 
 the dais or bed-platform, while Too-koo-li-too Mas at her place by her fire-lamp, en 
 gaged telling these visitors about Ag-loo-ka (Crozier). Too-koo-li-too had just 
 made the sympathetic remark — " What a pity it is that Ag-loo-ka and the two 
 men who started together from Neitchille for the ]uirpose of getting to the Kob-lu- 
 nas country had never arrived." Old See-gar listened, as did the other Innuits 
 present, to all that Too-koo-li-too said, and when she made the last remark, See 
 gar sprang from his seat, (juick as a flash, and looking staringly at Too-koo-li-too, 
 exclaimed with great force and surprise, " What ! Ag-loo-ka not got back ! Why," 
 continued See-gar, " the Kin-na-pa-toos- iuuits who belong to Chesterfield Inlet) 
 told me several years ago that Ag-, . i and one man with him arrived among 
 their (the Kin-na-pa-toos) people, and that they (Ag-loo-ka and his men) had gone 
 to where the Kob-lu-nas live further down the Big Bay" (to Churchill or York 
 Factory, as Too-koo-li-too thinks Sec-gar tried to explain it). I was greatly in- 
 S. Ex. 27 38 
 
594 
 
 Conversations with Inniiits. 
 
 [Dccrmbrr, l!SU4. 
 
 i m 
 
 .«» 
 
 II 
 
 terested as well as surprised, in what See-gar said, as now recorded. I at once 
 had Too-koo-li-too ask old Sec-gar several questions, which he answered by coni- 
 numicating as follows : 
 
 Ag-loo-ka, of whom he (See-gar) had heard Too-shoo-ar-thar-i-u tell all about 
 at the same time that Ou-e-la and his brother saw him, arrived among the Kin- 
 na-pa-toos, having one man with him, and his powder and shot were nearly all 
 gone. The Kin-na-pa-toos told him (See-gar) about this before, See-pee-lar (Cap- 
 tain E. A. Chapel) and his brother came the first time into this bay (which was in 
 1800). The Kiu-na-pa-too lunuits said that Ag-loo-ka and his man had gone on and 
 had arrived at the nearest place where Kob-lu-nas live, which must mean Fort 
 Churchill. Too-shoo-ar-thar-i-u told him (See-gar) (this was in the winter of 1S53-4 
 at Pelly Bay) that Ag-loo-ka would probably get home to where the Kob-lu-nas live, 
 unless somebody killed him, for he (Ag-loo-ka) knew all about how to hunt and kill 
 took-too (rein deer) and nearly everything else that the Innuits could kill ; knew 
 how to keep hunself warm, how to live, just as the Innuits do ; as he (E.) had lived 
 and hunted with him (Too-shooar-thar-i-u) and with many others of the Xeitchille 
 Innuits. Ag-loo-ka knew all about everything that the Innuits knew. Tlu; Kin- 
 na-pa-too Ininiits told him (See-gar) about Ag-looka and his men ; did not see 
 them ; but said that they had their information from others of their peojde, 
 who did. 
 
 DECE3IBER 22nd. — Old mother Ook-bar-loo gives me a call every morning, 
 oftentimes before I am up ; but, nevertheless, she is always welcomed, as I am 
 really glad to see her, and have " talks " with one so filled with the traditions of 
 her peoi)le. Not only does she call every morning, but usually repeats her visits 
 two or three times during the day and evening. Her second call to-day was at 
 11 a. m. I was engaged writing at the moment of her coming in, and, after my 
 usual greeting, continued on with it. Old mother Ook-bar-loo took her seat on 
 the snow platform directly before me, and she and Too-koo-li-too did as all women 
 will do — went to talking. 
 
 A few minutes before meridian Too-koo-li-too said to me: "Ook-bar-loo 
 has beef! teUing me about a witch'" — as I understood Too-koo-li-too to say. I 
 dropped my pen and looked Too-koo-li-too directly in the face, supposing that I 
 might catch the i»eculiar smile indicative that she had a. joke on hand for me ; but 
 I saw she was in earnest, and that something of unusual interest must be in store 
 for me. I therefore earnestly asked, " What did you say, Too-koo-li-too V She 
 replied, "The old lady has just been telling me of a watch just like yours (mine) 
 only not so large, that she saw when at Pelly Bay, which was all in com])lf te order, 
 
 j\ 
 
December, 18<i4. 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 595 
 
 m 
 
 and had a Ions cliain to go around the neck and a key ; and tlie old lady, who had 
 it, told her (Ook-bar-loo) that it once belonged to one of the many Koblii-nas 
 that had died near Neitchille." I need uot say that I was an attentive listener to 
 this. At once I left my " tripod " (seat of three legs), and set myself flat down on 
 the fur-bed deer-skins beside both Too-koo-li-too and Ook-bar-loo, and requested 
 the old lady to tell me all about this watch. 
 
 Through Too-koo-li-too she said: "When she was at Ok-kee-bee-jce (Pelly 
 Bay), which was in the winter of 1853-4), she saw a woman who had a watch, with 
 chain and key, which she always kept very carefully by her. This mother was 
 mother-in-law of lu-nook-poosh-ee-jook, the man who told her (Ook-bar-loo) what 
 she related to me the other day. This mother of In-nook-poosh-ee-jook told her all 
 about where and how she got the watch. She and her husband went to a big tent 
 not very far from Keitchille, and among the frozen mass of human bones and 
 bodies that were lying around in it she saw one Kob-lu-na body that had a 
 bright white (probably silver) chain around the neck. She knew at once what 
 the chain was for, as some of the other Neitchille Innuits had just come into pos- 
 session of several watches and chains, which she saw." 
 
 '' The body of this man was lying on one side, and was half imbedded in solid 
 ice from head to feet. The way the chain Avas about the nock and running down 
 one side of the body indicated that the watch was beneath it; and therefore, to 
 get at the watch, she found a difficult and disagreeable task before her. ITeither 
 she nor her husband had any instrument with them that they would use for any 
 such purpose as was desired; therefore, while the husband was seeking around, 
 in and about the tent, collecting such things as he fancied would best suit him, 
 she procured a heavy sharp stone, and Nvith this chipped away the ice from all 
 round the body till it was released. Continued old mother OoJc-bar-loo, in a truly 
 sorrowful tone of A^oice : This woman told her that she could never forget the 
 dreadful, fearful feeUngs she had all the time while engaged doing this; for, 
 besides the tent being filled with frozen corpses — some entire and others muti- 
 lated by some of the starving companions, who had cut off much of the flesh 
 with their knives and hatchets and eaten it — this man who had the watch she sought 
 seemed to her to have been the last that died, and his face was just as though 
 lie was only asleep. All the while she was at ^vork breaking the ice near the head, 
 especially the ice about the face, she felt very, very bad, and for this reason had 
 to 8to]i several times. She was very careful not to touch any part of the body 
 while pounding with the sharp stone. At last, after having pounded away the 
 ice from around and under the body, her husband helped her to lift it out of its 
 
 I 
 
596 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 (April, I HON. 
 
 ''a 
 
 icy bed. Still she was troubled to get the watch Iroiii the frozen gariiieuts witli 
 which the body was completely dressed. Finally, the watch and key and chain 
 were obtained entire; and the woman now keeps them very choice, in commemora- 
 tion of the terrible feelings she had when getting them from the dead Kob hi -na, 
 whom she dug out of the ice with nothing but a heavy, sharp stone. I asked the 
 old lady if this watch was like the one I carried on my person, at the same time 
 showing her Eggert & Son's pocket-chronometer (loaned to me by those parties, of 
 New York), which is an old-fashioned one, of large size, in a heavy double silver case. 
 She had told Too-koo-li-too that it was not so large as this, and she said the same 
 to me. I then drew out from under the took-too furs, where I keep it, a small 
 pocket-chronometer in silver cases (which I have in my possession by the kind- 
 ness of Augustus H. Ward, of New York). Old Ook-bar-loo said it was like 
 this, of the same size and kind ; that is, it was of white (silver) metal. It was 
 not of such metal as my gold pen, though she (Ook-bar-loo) had seen many parts 
 of watches — watches that had been taken to pieces — that were of the same color 
 with my gold pen." 
 
 PAPEE B. 
 
 SOME TALKS WITH INNUITS : NORTH OOGLIT ISLANDS, APRIL, 1868. 
 
 "After the death of Kia, Koo-loo-a thought he would go deer-hunting in that 
 part of the country where Kia had seen the strange person, as he believed he 
 might find something that would be useful to him thereabouts, and as he wanted 
 some wood with which he might make aiTOws and spear-handles between Ar-Iang- 
 ung-u and the N. W. cape of Melville Peninsula. He hunted, but found nothing 
 he sought for. Here I asked if he, Koo-loo-a, during his search, found any piles 
 of stone, called In-nook-shoo by the natives. He replied that he did. I then got 
 Eae's chart and placed it before us. Koo-loo-a soon comprehended its nature, and 
 then said that the extreme N. W. i)art of Melville Peninsula, and the sea by it of 
 the chart was not as the land and water really are. He said that quite a large 
 river runs from the eastward nearly parallel with Adge-go (Fury and Hecla Strait), 
 and empties its waters into a bay very near to Cape Ellice of Kae's discovery in 
 1847. Near the river, south side of it, Koo-loo-a found a Monument of stone on a 
 crest of rising ground, and a little to one side, west of the Monument, where a 
 curious kind of cacJie had been made of stones. The cache had been opened and 
 the stones all chrowu one side. The Monument and the cache stones all showed 
 a great degree of freshness. Ho did not think tlioy were the work of any rniiuit. 
 
 Pi- 
 
April, I86$«.l 
 
 Conversations with Inmiits. 
 
 597 
 
 He looked carefully about where the cache had been made for the object to learn 
 what had been deposited there. No signs that any meat had . ever been pnt 
 there. He does not think that any lunuit had ever before been so high up 
 from Ar-lang-na-zhii ((larry Jiay of Itae's chart). Koo-loo-a was with Kia on 
 the deer-hunt when the latter saw the strange man, though not present at the 
 time when Kia sighted and followed the strange nnm. A short time before 
 Kia saw the stranger in black clothes Koo-loo-a felt thirsty and came to a 
 lake, lie had laid himself down to talce a draught of water, and at the very 
 instant he was placing his face down to it, he heard a loud crack, which ho 
 thought nnist be of a gun, for when small and living at Too-uoo-nee (Pond's Bay) 
 he had beconu^ familiar with the reports of the guns of white men that came 
 there to kill Avhales. He was at the time so far from the sea that it could not 
 have been the noise of ice cracking. Kia was very particular in telling him all 
 about the strange man ho had seen on Koo-loo-si and Kia meeting each other. 
 The strange man was tall and carried some long thing on his shoulder and walked 
 very fast. He had a cap on his head that was independent of his coat, but there 
 was a hood to the long dark coat he had on. Kia kept himself hid behind the 
 rocks and followed the strange man — for some time. Not long after Kia sav/ the 
 strange num, that he (K.) thought must be an Indian; Kia heard a loud ciack, 
 which made him think of ice cracking, but the sea was too far off to hear so i)lain. 
 
 Friday April lOtli, 18GS. — This another gloriously fine day — succeeding days 
 of cloudless ones. VIll'' 30™ A. M. With Ar-tung-un I am now to have a talk. 
 I may here say that Too-loo-ar-chu and Ar-tung-un are both old men who remem- 
 ber well Pjirry & Lyon's visit to Ig-loo-lik. Parry was the attata (or father, so 
 called of Too-loo-ar-chu, & as he (T.) says), Parry wanted much to have his parents 
 consent that he should go home with him to England. Too-loo-ar-chu first saw 
 Parry & Lyon at Nu-ee-u-new-gu-a (Winter island) Too-koo-li-too my Interpreter. 
 
 I now ask Ar-tung-un if ho ever heard of Et ker lin (Indians) being in this 
 country. Ar-tung-un says many years ago a little while before Koo-pa and his 
 companions got so frightened by Et-ker-lin, many natives were there stopping at a 
 place called Ing-near-ing up a large Bay to the N. E. of Ig loo lik where one night 
 in the fall of the year just before the time for snow the dogs commenced barking 
 furiously when many Inmiits sprang out of their beds and went out of their tents 
 to see what was the cause. Some four or five Et-ker lin (Indians) were seen pass- 
 ing ah)ug each conveying in his hand something like a stick. It was not so dark 
 but that their figures were distinctly seen cutting sharply the back ground, which 
 was the sky. Ar-tung-un was not one of the natives that saw those Indians for 
 
11 
 
 •Hi 
 
 
 698 
 
 Conversations ivitJi Tnmiits. 
 
 [April, IN6N. 
 
 I !■■ 
 
 ho was too late getting out of bed, but not tliinking it j)ossible there oouhl be 
 any Kob lu-nas about he thought the striingers muHt be Indians. The, Iinniits 
 were all ho frightened that the next day they removed from Ing-near-ing to an 
 Island Ki-ki-tuk-che-uk. Following the removal many Innuits together went 
 deer hunting when two of their mimber Ar-tung-un one of the two stopi)ed wliile 
 the others went on — stopped to hunt deer together. The two men or natives 
 Ar-tung-un & an Innuit now dead, Aler-gaite, were walking when all at onee they 
 heard the bang of a gun as Ar tuiig un thought, for he had heard guns fired many 
 times wheu Parry and Lyon's shijts were at Ig-loolik — then looked around to see 
 what niade the noise and by and by heard another gun report when they saw the 
 smoke aa of a tired gun not far off, arise from behind some land & inuiiediately 
 two took too (deer) came running swiftly from that same place from whence they 
 heard the gun and saw the smoke. Then Ar-tung-un and his companion were 
 terribly frightened and ran to their tents and at onee removed their families from 
 the main land to South Oo glit by the means of their ki-as ; the distance to Ing- 
 near-ing, two sleeps or three days from this island, N. Oo glit. Never saw anything 
 more of those Et-ker lin. 
 
 Now Ar-tung-un tells about his son Koo-pa and other Innuits that saw Et- 
 ker-lin. One time (not a great whileafter the above) Ar-tung-un & Al-er-gaite went 
 deer hunting at the same place where they went deer hunting before together 
 when they heard the gun reports & saw the smoke at the last report. The par- 
 ticular place Ar-tung-un now marks out on Parry's chart & he shews the place 
 to be by one of two or three small lakes that extend to the Westward of the very 
 large lake I discovered and passed over last year on my return to Repulse Bay 
 from Igloolik. The pla(;e is near the line of mountains Parry has upon his 
 chart & on a parallel with Og-big seer ping, or as Parry calls it Agwipericicl: 
 They killed two deer & made a cache of them & returned to their tents when 
 they sent three boys after them. The boys were Koo-pa, In-nil, & Kia ; the latter 
 (Kia) lu-nu-men's brother. Alergaite was the one who returned to the tent first ; 
 that is, he got back before Ar-tung-un for the latter remained out overnight to 
 watch a deer that he had shot with an arrow which remained sti(!king in the 
 deer's side. Al-er-gaite was the one that sent the 3 boys after the two deer. 
 When Ar-tung-un got back the boys had returned without the deer meat — had 
 left the meat, dogs and all, for they had seen four Et-ker-lin near where the two 
 deer had been deposited. After the deer had been put a part upon the backs of 
 the dogs and a part prepared and put upon their (the b(»ys') own shoulders they 
 saw upon a hill not far off f(mr Et ker lin each with something like a stick in his 
 
 i^y^ 
 
pril, IN«N. 
 
 April, 1868. 
 
 Conversations tv'ith Innuits. 
 
 599 
 
 could bo 
 
 (', Iiiiiiiits 
 
 iiiK to an 
 
 tlu'r Mi'iit 
 
 juhI wliil(! 
 
 u" natives 
 
 once they 
 
 red many 
 
 md to sen 
 
 y saw the 
 
 mediately 
 
 leiiee they 
 
 mion were 
 
 nilies from 
 
 ice to Ing- 
 
 V anything 
 
 it saw Et- 
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 The par- 
 H the place 
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 l>ulse Bay 
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 ! tent first ; 
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 two deer, 
 moat — had 
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 dders they 
 itick in his 
 
 hand and heard a noise like foxes, then great laughter. The fox noise and laugh- 
 ter the boys did not hear until they had thrown away every thing and were run- 
 ning away. Before th(^ boys ran they saw the largest or tallest on(^ (»f tin* Etler- 
 kin who was very tall make moti<ms with his right hand which was raised high 
 over his head. The motions were swinging motions from the North to the Honth. 
 Soon as the frightened boys got back and repeated what th(\v had seen, the 
 Jnnuits all were ahmned and the lifting stone was resorted to, which said the 4 
 strange beings ivcre not Et-lerkin. 
 
 Ar tung un says that a few years ago he was out hunting at jvee-wee-gee a 
 place little back of the line of mountains that run North or Westward of Anii-toke 
 on a ]»arallel t)f Am-i-tokc! when too frightened deer ran swiftly past him. Soon 
 larg(! grey dog came swiftly on their track whi(!h the dog followed by scent. 
 When the dog saw him (Ar-tung-un) it stoj)ped. As Ar-tung-un was about to fire 
 an arrow at the beast (dog) he saw that a short string was about its neck — when 
 he carefully urd)ent his bow and tried to coax the dog to him Kod-lu-na way. 
 The dog appeared i)layful but was too shy to allow Ar-tnng-un to catch hold of 
 th(^ string. The dog was following the deer from the North & when Ar-tung-un 
 had tried to catch the dog it ran away to the N. W. as Ar-tung nn shows on 
 I'arry's chart. The dog had short hair & it did shine very much something like 
 one of the dogs Parry & Lyon had, though larger. It had short ears. String 
 short ; only touched the ground. His curiosity so excited about the strangen«'ss 
 ness of the dog he did not notice tchat linil of string it was about the dogs 
 neck. The time that he saw the dog was before Dr. Eae came to IwilUik the last 
 time. The four or five Et l:er I'm at Ing-near-ing were seen before Br. line came here 
 the first time. The time the four Et-ker-lin seen by Koo-pa <& tlie other two boys 
 was after Dr Eae was here first time as Ar-tung-nn thinks and remembers. The 
 dog a very small body, long thin legs & poor, the tail long tSr curving ujjward 
 Just like one Parry had only much larger; that is, the dog was the sanu^ build 
 or form. While Parry's was black, the dog he saw with string around his neck 
 was grey — (like in color one of mine old See-gar let me have, " grey,") Ebierbing 
 says it surely was a grey hound" from Ar-tung-un's description. Artung-un 
 says they had three dogs on board Parry and Lyons ships. Ar-tung-un having 
 said this; I tinned to pages 297 & 299 of Lyon's Private Journal & see that 
 there w^as a large Newfoundland dog, a grey-hound belonging to Parry »& a ter- 
 rier "Spark" belonging to Keid on board of the "Fury & Ilecla." 
 
 (It is with great exertion that I have kept about to day for I have been and 
 am now really sick. I caught a severe cold on the day we laid over at our first 
 
■^ 
 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 1.25 
 
 - '""2.2 
 
 ■ 50 
 
 us 
 
 U 1111.6 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sdences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 V 
 
 <^ 
 
 -$^ 
 
 <> 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
 
 
T* 
 
 
 
600 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 rApril, 1868. 
 
 Igloo encampment on the sea ice of Fox Channel at Oo-soo ark u. Thus with my 
 sprained leg 1 am forced to think myself partially if not wholly an invalid.) 
 
 " Saturday, April llth, 1868. — The present notes I make + morning, for 
 not until this morning, since Friday night, have I been able to rise from my couch. 
 I shall pencil the notes as if made at the date of the heading. 
 
 This morning, according to my previous arrangement, Nub-er-lik, accom- 
 panied by Frank Lailor, my servant, started oflf with my sledge and team of dogs 
 for I-gloo-lik to get a load of walrus meat belonging to Nub-er-lik and Too-goohit, 
 which meat is for me and party to use on my proposed journey to Fury and Hecla 
 Strait to the Western Sea of Ak koo-lee. Very many calls have I had to-day 
 from the now numerous natives here, all sympathizing in my sickness. Almost 
 every hour a family from Ping-it-ka-lik arrives here, at once coming in to see 
 me, and then proceed to erect an igloo and place their household effects in it. 
 My arrival has caused a small village to grow into quite a city. 
 
 The old woman Ar-na-loo-a, of Parry fame, called in to-day, being her 2d 
 call since her arrival here. She expressed deep sorrow that 1 was sick, and said 
 she greatly desired that 1 would soon be about again. She says that she was 
 with her husband many years ago when he was hunting deer not a great ways 
 from the mountains west of Am-i-toke. He was on one side of the pond and she 
 walking on the opposite side. Her husband found a tenting-place at the foot of 
 a mountain close by the pond. He found there a large oot-koo-se«k, i)aintod red, 
 and a tin canister of same color, and he saw half a plate down in the water of the 
 pond. There were strong indications that salmon had been cooked in the large 
 tin can, for there were salmon-bones about the can. Everything looked fresh, as 
 if done not long before, for there was no moss or rust about the tin cans. Yet she 
 and her husband thought no one could have left these things there but Parry or 
 some of his men. The large can now at Too-noo-nee-roo-shuk. The small one was 
 given to her brother, who is now near Ig-loo-lik. There was a fire-place of stone 
 by the tent-place. She saw these things soon after Ar-tung-un found them. Ar- 
 na-loo-a saw the tenting-place near the foot of the mouittain by the lake of the 
 party that must have left tiio cans and made the fire-place. This mountain is 
 some distance to the of the wall of mountains that extend far to the north- 
 ward back or west of Ami-toke. This evening an Inmiit by the name of In-nfi 
 came in to see me, he having just arrived from Ping-it-ka-lik, where ho and 
 family are stopping. I recognized him at once as having seen him at Ig-loo-!ik on 
 my visit last year Knowing him to be an Innuit who was of the party of the three 
 boys who saw the reported four Et-ker-lin many years ago, I raised my head 
 
April, 186^.] 
 
 Conversations with Ivnuits. 
 
 601 
 
 from ray couch and asked him if lie had ever seen any Et-ker-lin. He answered 
 quickly "Ka-o" (no). FoUowiiig this, he hesitated a moment, and then cor- 
 rected himself, and said, many years ago he and Kia and Koo-pa together went 
 after some deer-meat where some deer had been killed ; saw three Et-ker-lin. He 
 then most earnestly and most eloquently described the incident, the same, save a 
 few minor points, as Koo-pa had told me at Eepulse Bay a short time before start- 
 ing oil this journey." 
 
 Apeil, 12Tn, 1868, now 1'' P. M. — Ar-tung-un present as well as half a 
 dozen other Innuits, large and small. I now ask Ar-tung-un about his once find- 
 ing an oot-koo-seek that once belonged to white men (as told me by his son 
 Koo-pa, and secondly by his wife Ar-na-loo-a yesterday). Old Ar-tung ua has 
 been ankooting and no answer to my question above as yet. Parry's chart before 
 him all the time while ankooting, his withered hand comhig down now and then 
 for its fate. I had placed it in our laps for the purpose of his showing the locality 
 upon the spread chart so forcibly that I felt alarmed where he found the oot-koo- 
 seek. He is now through ankooting, and proceeds to tell about the matter. 
 
 Ar-tnng-un was hunting took-too one summer a long time ago one day's 
 travel from the line of mountains eastward, nearly on a parallel with the point 
 where Lyon turned back when seeking to find a pass through the mountains to 
 the western sea in 1823, when he came to where there had been a tenting-place — 
 the shape of the tent as shown by the stones that had been used to fasten it down 
 square or oblong, long and narrow. It was not such a tent as the Innuits use. 
 The particular spot, near base of a mountain and alongside of a small lake. 
 
 Alongside of the lake he found an ook-koo-seek, about 1 foot by l.'i inches 
 and 18 inches deep, as shown by Ar-tung-un's measuring with his hand on Parry's 
 chart. It was tin, and painted red — completely inclosed except a hole in the top of 
 about 3 inches diameter. Inside were some pieces of salmon bones. Besides this 
 oot-koo-seek ho found a round can about the size of a tin kettle hanging by our 
 flre-lamp, and this was painted red too. No top to this, but there was some very 
 white tallow in it. Never saw any cans painted like this on Captain Parry's or on 
 Lyon's ships. This can was painted all over on the outside, while those on Cap- 
 tains Parry and Lyon's ships were only painted on the tops, with letters on the 
 tops. On the other side of tlio fresh-water i)ond found an earthern stone jug, that 
 is, as Ebierbing says, a jug like one Ar-mou gave me some seal-oil in a little 
 while before we left Eepulse Bay, Avhich was an earthen stone jug of light color. 
 This jug Ar-tung-un found had its top broken oft". These cans Ar-tung-un found 
 were not rusty, nor was there any moss about them; was very much surprised at 
 
602 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 [April, 1S6M. 
 
 the freshness of evorj'thinjj about them, for he certainly thouplit that nobo<ly 
 but Parry or some of liis ships' con)paiiie8 couhl have tented tliere and left; those 
 things. Alongside of the tenting spot was a lire-place of two stones and whicli 
 were blackened with smoke. The fire that liad been used was tlu^ Est-shu-tin 
 (Andromeda tetragona), for a little of it was there in a little pile by thi^ fire-place. 
 Everything looked as though it had been dime only a little while lu'lbre. The 
 smoke on the stones woidd not have been there on simply burning E.sif-sliu-tin 
 more than two or three years, and the wood would have been white and looked 
 very dift'erent from what it did in less time, says Ar-tung-un. 
 
 The time when he found these things was before he heard of Dr. Rae being 
 at Iwdlik the iirst time. He heard of Dr. Kae being at Iwillik the n«'xt summer 
 after Dr. R. left, which was in 1847. Ar-tung-un does not now think it possible 
 that these things could be left as he found them by Parry or his inen, for the 
 salm<m meat that he fcmnd in the large red can would have gone, and everything 
 else would have looked much older altogether than they did. Koo-pa and the 
 other two natives with him saw the four Et-ker-hn before Ar-tung-un found 
 these things. The place where the Et-ker-lin were seen was not far from where 
 Ar-tung-un found the tentiiig-place and the things now described. This much 
 has Ar tung-un told me as a man speaking without any thought of dece])tion. I 
 can read the man like a book. He means to tell the truth, and only the truth. 
 
 An hour after the above interview I was present at a seal-feast at Nood-loo, 
 where was congregated a large number of Innuits; and when through with the 
 feast, with the aid of my "Joe" (Ebierbing), I had a talk with Ar-tung un, in 
 presence of all the Innuits there, for the purpose of testing the memory and accu- 
 racy of the old man. I asked him to tell me about the little dog which was on 
 board Parry's and Lyon's ship. He said the little dog was a great favorite witii 
 everybody, and was a spotted one; one time a wolf came about the ships, and 
 this little dog, with Parry's dog, which was a black one, ran after the wolf, when 
 several white men hastened after the dogs to bring them back. After a while the 
 men returned, bringing Parry's dog, but they could iind nothingof the little pet dog; 
 so all concluded that the little dog must have been killed and eaten up by the wolf. 
 Next day (continued Ar-tung-un) some of the white men went (mt to see if they 
 could find out what really had become of the little dog. When they returned 
 they brought the head, it being all that they could find of the little dog. He 
 could not remember the name of this dog, but on my telling him it was " Spark" 
 he then smiled and said it sounded just like it. The old man has not only told 
 the facts about this little dog — a terrier — as related by Lyon, whose woik I have 
 
April. 1868.) 
 
 Conversations with Imiuits. 
 
 603 
 
 -loo, 
 tlio 
 
 li;iv»i 
 
 with me, but has told this much more, that the do}; was sjmtted, and that its head 
 was found. I asked Ar-tung-un if Parry or any of his (Parry's) i)eoi)le ever had 
 a tent or a party at Kinfj-me-toke-bif; for the jturposi^ of killing ducks in the 
 summer or for any other purpose, lie said " No"; tiie reas(m some Innuits think 
 so is because some beans and what was c,onJecture«l to be a Kob-lu-na tentnii;- 
 place were found there. Ar-tung-un said Parry and Lyon used t»> have hunting 
 l)arti«'s stationed at Ar-lang-nfik, but not farther south. 
 
 North Oo-glit Lslks, Monday, April I'Atli, 18(58. — This morning it was 
 found that the ice-floe was passing in u|)on the island from the eastward ; there- 
 fore the walrus-hunters were aroused early. liefore VI'' A. M. luy igloo had the 
 better half of a very huge walrus on its tloor, which Too-goo-lut, brother of Ik- 
 ku-nien, now of •'.epulse Bay, killed as soon as he got upon the drifting-ice. Soon 
 as the walrus was killed, Ebierbing took our dogs and drew in the i)art as indi- 
 cate<l above. 
 
 I am waiting here at N. Oo-glit Isle for the natives to get a suflicient supply 
 of walrus-meat for me and party to make a journey to the northern part of Mel- 
 ville Peninsula adjoining Fury and Ilecla Strait, and then search for white men, 
 or such mdicaiions as may exist there to prove the truth of the many reliable 
 statements that have been mjule to me by some of the Innuits now of Kepulse Bay 
 but formerly of Ig-loo-lik, and by some of the natives of this place; I am stop- 
 I)ing also for more kow (walrus-hide) for the dog's food. 
 
 Wednesday, April ir}th, 1808.— Now, X ''-10'" A. M., and 1 have just had a 
 most prompt response to my invitation for certain Innuits to come to my igloo 
 and have a good talk with me. The folh)wing Innuits are i)resent seated around 
 me on our bed-platforms in our capacious igloo: 
 
 Old people that sj>w Parry: Ar-tung-un and wife Ar-na-loo-a, Ag-loo-ka, 
 Koo-loo-a, Too-loo-ar-choo, Oo-shoo, daughter of Tuk-kee-lik-e-ta; Tu-mu-king, 
 In-uoo-zhoo, Ek-ke-ra, In-nti wife of Arng-na-look-shoo-shark ; Ebierbing and 
 Too-koo-li-too; Papa and wife. 
 
 The talk begins with In-nu (Joe and Hannah, interpreters) : 
 
 One time long ago In-nu, Kia, and Koo-pa went after some deer meat. When 
 they got there, they saw three men on the top of a hill close by ; they had such 
 clothes on that they shook very much in the wind. They all were sun; they were 
 not Innuits, but thought them to be Et-ker-lin (Indians). Inuu was so frightened 
 he cannot remember what these men had in their hands. Cannot tell whether 
 their clothes were light or dark. The place, near the high land west of Am-i-toke, 
 between the large lake Tess-u-e-ark and the high land west of it; the large lake. 
 
604 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 [April, 1868. 
 
 the one I and One-la passed over from Ig-loo-lik last year. Soon as he, In-nu, 
 and the other boys saw these Indians they threw away their deer meat, leav- 
 ing the dogs with meat on their backs, and then ran with all their might for 
 home. * * * 
 
 Koo-loo-a says that at the same time he was hunting with Kia he had killed 
 a deer and sat himself down on a rock and eat some of the meat. When he was 
 through eating, he went to a small pool or lake to drink. He had put his head 
 down, and just before getting his mouth to the water he heard something crack, 
 which, he says, was ti-mana-to (the same) as the crack of guns; — ^he had heard 
 the crack of guns when living at Too-noo-nee (Pond's Bay). He could not tell 
 from which direction the sound came on account of his position in the act of 
 drinking; looked about, but could see no one, and did not hear the noise again. 
 The place was near the N. W. extreme of Melville Peninsula, as he, Koo-loo-a, 
 points out on Parry's chart. Same day Koo-loo-a heard the crack, as he thought, 
 of a gun ; while walking around he came to fresh tracks on some grass and 
 the tracks longer than his foot, the tracks so fresh that the blades of earth, 
 grass had not all regained their upright position. Some of the grass was then 
 gradually lifting up as it had been trod upon. The steps long and foot-marks 
 ''turning out." 
 
 Next morning after hearing the crack and seeing tracks both Koo-loo-a and 
 Kia moved their tents and families away from that place. The next morning 
 after moving, Koo-loo-a went to work fixing the skin of the deer he had killed. 
 
 As Koo-loo-a was late in getting ready, Ki-a started off' deer-hunting alone. 
 By and by Kia saw a man coming up the hill on which he (Kia) was, coming 
 directly toward him. Kia thought at first the man to be Koo-loo-a, but on look- 
 ing longer and more observingly Kia saw his mistake, for it was not Koo-loo-a, 
 but a strauge man having a cap on his head that was distinct from his coat. He 
 saw that he (the stranger) had strange clothes on and carried something strange 
 in a strange way on his shoulder. Kia could not, from his position behind the 
 rock, see much of the stranger's face; the clothes not black nor white; coat 
 on that came down to or almost to his knees ; the make of clothes altogether 
 different from Innuits. The stranger had something across his shoulder running 
 diagonally; this something was long and wide at one end and narrow at the other 
 end. He was walking rather fast and going directly toward the point on N. W. 
 extremity of Melville Peninsula, as showed by Kia on Parry's chart. Kia fol- 
 lowed the stranger up for some time and looked sharp at him. Kia kept himself 
 hid among the rocks all the time. Next morning Kia and Koo-loo-a moved their 
 
April, 1868.J 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 605 
 
 tents and faniilies to the Hame place as when Kia saw the strange man, and then 
 they all saw the stranger's tracks, which sliowed a long foot narrow in the middle. 
 Same day Koo-loo-a, while hunting, saw the monument and cache stones he has 
 before described. From there (the place where the tents were, the place where 
 strange man hatl been seen) Koo-loo-a and Kia with their families removed down 
 to Ar-lang-na-zhu (Garry Bay), and they saw nothing more of the kind he (Koo- 
 loo-a) has been describing. Now 0'' 30"" P. M.; Koo-loo-a and all the Innuits are 
 asked to get at the year when the above took place. In 15 minutes the answer 
 comes by the show of 13 raised fingers = thirteen years ago last Fall. This brings 
 it out that it was in 1854 that Ki-a saw the white man that I have not the least 
 doubt was one of Sir J. Franklin's men. # • • 
 
 Now I commence a talk with Oo-shoo, the wife of Toogoo-lat, the latter the 
 brother of the good and kind-hearted In nu-men, now of Eepulse Bay, but lately 
 of Ig-loo-lik ; Oo-shoo is the daughter of Tak-ee-likee-ta, whose portrait Lyon so 
 faithfully drew for Parry's Narrative of his second voyage for the discovery of the 
 N. W. Passage. Oo-shoo says that she was at Koong-wa (the Narrows uniting the 
 N. Pole Lake with Christie Lake) many years ago, where a party of her people was 
 stopping, deer-hunting, in the fall. There at *?.: -- Narrows deer were killed, and 
 some placed on deposit under stones ; a pile of Est-shoo-lin (dwarf of shrub An- 
 dromeda tetragona), for fuel, was picked by Oo-shoo and the wife of Qua-sher. 
 By and by Qua-sher and Too-goo-lat took their ki-as and proceeded on toward 
 See-jak-big. Too-koo-lat's step-father (an old man), with the two women and Oo- 
 shoot and Kan-wong-a (wife of Qua-sher) stopped a while at Koong-wa, then 
 moved along on the land by Christie Lake in the direction Qua-sher and Too-koo- 
 lat had proceeded. Half-way to Nu-ker-ta (the place where Ar-too-a was drowned) 
 the woman and the old man made a stop, tenting there. While the old man re- 
 mained at the tent, the woman, Oo-shoo and Kan-wong-a, went back to Koong- 
 wa (the Narrows) after some meat and thiiigs they could not carry the first time, 
 and then, after getting what they wanted, they started back. By and by, want- 
 ing to rest, they sat down on a stone, and soou Oo-shoo saw what she thought to 
 be two Innuits ; soon came to the tracks of two men, which greatly frightened 
 the women. The tracks were those of two men — of one large man ; the tracks of 
 the two narrow in the middle and long. Before the women got to their tents 
 they heard a noise, a shouting noise, but they thought it must have been the old 
 man they left at the tent. When they got back to the tent, Oo-shoo asked the 
 old man if he had been shouting, and he said no. They told the old man all 
 about what they had seen and heard. • • • 
 
606 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 inajrt 18«ll. 
 
 PAPER 0. 
 
 JOTTINGS ON A SLEDGE JOURNEY. 
 
 1.— INFORMATION PICKED UP MAY 8, 1869. 
 
 Crozier had a little book as he sat in Ow-wer's tent, and wrote notes. lie 
 said, while in the tent, " Ag-ioo-ka wonger," patting his own breast. Outside, he 
 said he was going to I-wil-lik, making motions with his hand in that direction. 
 No dog with Ag-loo-ka's company ; now-yers, geese, and ducks hanging to the 
 boat. One m.an only very fat, the others all poor. One man with Crozier in Ow- 
 wer's tent said, Tier-kin wonger. One man with one of his upper teeth gone, and 
 one with marks on the indent or saddle of his nose. Trouble thought to be 
 among the men ; but not so. They were putting up the tent and stopped, star- 
 ing at the Innuits. When Crozier spoke to them then, they at once resumed their 
 work. The Innuits left Crozier and men encamped there, and moved iidand, sus- 
 picious that thej'^ abandoned starving men. Crozier described to them the ice 
 destroying their vessel, his men dying; the full meaning comprehended afterward 
 by the Innuits. An awning over the boat, roof-like. No sword worn by Crozier. 
 In a little bay were Crozier's party when the Innuits first saw them. One man 
 cross-eyed or squinted. Same boat found on mainland, (or rather isle, as the tide 
 is high on the west side of inlet of Point Richardson.) 
 
 Crozier, while in Ow-wer's tent, eat a piece of seal, raw, about as big as fore 
 and next fingers to first joint. 
 
 n.— MAY 11, 1869. 
 
 Poo-yet-ta was the Innuit who first found these remains of the five whites. 
 The remains, some not buried, but some found lying down on the high parts of 
 the island, all close together, and each fully dressed ; flesh all on the bones, and 
 unmutilated by any animals. Next to Too-loo-a's body, was one preserved-meat 
 can. This can found by Poo-yet-ta beside the body of Tooloo-a unopened. It 
 was opened by the Innuits and found to contain meat and much tood-noo witli it. 
 No bad smell to it. The contents eaten by the Innuits. The meat and fat very 
 sweet and good. A jack-knife found in the pocket of one of the five men. 
 
 The graves of the two men (white) that are buried on the point of King Will- 
 iam's Land on the east side the mouth of Peflfer River were found by Nee-wik- 
 tee-too, a NeitchUle Innuit now dead. His widow, the old lady with shaking head 
 at twenty-seventh encampment, whom I s&w when there. The bodies buried by 
 
mar. 18H0.1 
 
 Conversations with Inmiits. 
 
 607 
 
 placing stones around and over them ; the remains facing upward, and the liands 
 had been folded in a very precise manner across the breasts of botli ; elothes uU 
 on ; flesh all on the bones. On the back of each a suspended knife found. The 
 bodies perfect when found, but the Innuits having left the remains unburied, after 
 unearthing them, the foxes have eaten meat and sinews all oil' the bones. A tent- 
 iDg-i)lace of the whites close by where these two men were buried. Many nee- 
 dles and one nail found by the Innuits at this tenting-place. 
 
 These remains found the same spring as those of this island, Kee-u-na. 
 There being nothing for the subsistence of any living thing on the isle, it is there- 
 fore called Kee-u-na. 
 
 The boat on the west side of the inlet — that is, west side of Point Richard- 
 son — was found same season of same year as remains at Kee-u-na. A keg of pow- 
 der found at the boat, and much of contents emptied on the ground ; a gun or two 
 found there. The nature and use of these things not known to Innuits till they 
 saw^ Dr. Rae in 1854 at Pelly Bay. Poo-yet-ta had seen guns of Ag-Ioo-ka when 
 at Neitchille, but did not know the nature of the black sand stuff (powder). An 
 igloo was blown to atoms by a little son of Poo-yet-ta and another lad, who were 
 afterward playing with the powder canister having some of the black stuff in it. 
 They dropped some fire into the canister through the vent or opening; their faces 
 were awfully burned and blackened with the explosion; no one was .killed, but 
 the igloo completely demolished. The grave and remains were in same perfect 
 methodical state when found as those at the two at the mouth of Peff'er River. 
 This grave on King William's Land about due north of Kee-u-na. The body dug 
 up and left unburied by the Innuits. This white man was very large and tall, 
 and by the state of gums and teeth was terribly sick (bad state), as In-nook-poo- 
 zhee-jook described. 
 
 III.— TALK IN AN IGLOO ON TODD'S ISLAND, MAY 14, 1869. 
 
 Now, noon and the wife of Tiik-pee-too present in our igloo at my request, 
 having understood that she has seen some of the skeleton-bones of the five men who 
 died on this island, Kee-u-na (Todd's Isle) ; her name, E-vee-shuk. I now, with 
 Jack's assistance as interpreter, ask her two questions : Did you see anything of 
 the men who died on this island ? Answer. She has seen five skulls of the white 
 men who died a long time ago here. Did you see Too-loo-ark? Answer. Saw the 
 bodies of four white men in one place on the island, and of Too-loo-ark a little 
 way from the four. When she first saw them flesh and clothing on all the men ; 
 the bodies entire ; and after making tupiks near, the dogs devoured much of the 
 
608 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 [Jalr. 1869. 
 
 flesh of the kob lu-nas. It was some time after this that she saw the five skill' i 
 she first spoke of as haviug seen. She saw these bodies entire one winter after 
 Poo-yet-ta found them, and the clothes these men had on were black; — their 
 kum-mins (boots) those men had on were of the same kind of leather as the belt 
 I have given to In-nook-poo-zhe-jook ; tanned leather from the United States. 
 Were these men buried ! Answer. No, they were lying as they had died, on 
 the top of the ground. Where are the skeletons now ? Answer. On this island, 
 some in one place and some in another, but all are under the snow ; have tried to 
 find them since we arrived here, but the snow covers them so deep cannot find 
 even one bone. When snow is gone all the bones f in be seen. Did you ever hear 
 of any white men dying on Ke-ki-tuk-ju-a (Montreal Island) ? No, never. Did 
 you ever go to the place where the boat with many dead kob-lu-nas were Ibund by 
 the Innuits on the other side of the strait? Yes, I have been there. Wliere is the 
 place f I now show her Bae's chart, and have shown it to her before, but not for 
 the object I now have. On ascertaining the position of Point Ogle, Miscononchie 
 Isle, and Point Richardson, she puts her finger on the west side of the inlet west 
 side of Point Richardson, and says that was the place where the boat was found. 
 Did you see any bones of whit« men there ? She did ; the land low and muddy 
 there; the sea-water close to; saw pieces of the boat, after the Innuits had broken 
 it up. Can bones — skeleton bones — be seen there now, when snow and ice are 
 gone ? Answer. She thinks not, for it is so muddy there, and the mud soft, that 
 they have all sunk down into it. She continues : One man's body when found by 
 the Innuits, flesh all on, not mutilated, except the hands sawed off at the wrists; 
 the rest, a great many had their flesh cut oflf as if some one or other had cut it off 
 to eat. 
 
 I now go further on this island than our igloo is, for this woman to show me 
 where she saw the five dead men before they were partially eaten by dogs. 
 
 Tuk-pee-too and his wife E-vee-shuk, with one of their little ones, have just 
 taken a walk with me, the woman leading me to the place where the five men died. 
 It is the southeastern end of the island, within 20 fathoms of the shore. I have 
 just marked the spot, on which we shall erect a monument, over which we shall 
 pay our humble tribute to the noble dead. 
 
 ONE OP HALL'S CONVERSATIONS WITH INN00K-P00-8HE-T00K AFTER HIS RETURN 
 
 FROM KING WILLIAM'S LAND. 
 
 July 5, 1869. — Another short interview with In-nook-poo-she-jook this morn- 
 ing about ten o'clock, just before he and the Innuits started oft' on a sealing ex- 
 cursion. Ar-mou assist«d me in this brief talk, as Joe and Hannah were both 
 
July, ISH«.| 
 
 Conversations with fun k its. 
 
 m) 
 
 busily c'ii};a}iiHl outside of the t«'nt. Hy the by, I cau use quite a uiunber of the 
 Rei)ul,s«>, IJay uiitives to yoo<l advaiitii^e as iutt'rju'oters when I talk witli natives 
 of distant places, such as Neitchille, IVlly liay, and Ijj-loolik. With tlie En(;Iish 
 A(hniralty cliart befon* us, I ask(><l Innookpoo-shee-jook to t«'ll n)e ajiain where 
 the nionunu'nt liad been erected that had the htn}^ stone on top pointing toward 
 Ki-ki-tuk (Kiiiff Wilbanj's Laud), which he told me about yesterday. lie then 
 pointed to the same jdaee as yesterday, to wit, on the coast south side of Innlis 
 Bay, south of the lon}^ narrow island which is but a little way east of the mouth 
 of Castor and Pollux Hiver, discovered by Dease and Simpson in l.S.'51», the terminal 
 point of their discoveries in that direction. In-nook-pooshe-Jook then i)la<'ed a 
 board-nail which 1 had in my hand directly over the spot of the monument, thii 
 samo nail i)ointinj^ to Shar-too, and thence on to Point Victory, where another 
 monument had been errcted by white men and found by the innuits. I was not 
 only deeply interested in this particular description of his, but greatly surprised, 
 for he particularly said that the long stone on the tojj of that monunuujt not oidy 
 pointed in the direction of Shar-too (Cai)e Colvile, low land ojtposite the S. E. 
 extreme of King William's Land) but to the place of the monument that had been 
 erected north side of the inlet at the northwest extreme of King William's Land — 
 that is, at Point Victory. He said that Innuits who saw the said mouunu'ut 
 .south side of Inglis Hay noted what he states. 
 
 After seeing the direction in which this nail pointed to the northward and 
 westward, I drew a line in the oppo.site direction, to the .southward and eastward, 
 to .see if it might not, if prolonged, come near to Ilepulae Bay, and f(mnd sucli 
 to be the fact; therefore, the pointing stoue may have been intended by those 
 who placed it there to indicate whence they had come and to what place they 
 were bound. But this latter is of my own conjecture, founded u\mu what in- 
 nook-])oo-shee-jook has told, and upon what information has been derived from 
 some of the liepulse Bay and Igloo-lik natives. 
 
 Before I proceed to note the remainder of the information gained in this 
 morning's interview, I will transcribe a few lines from Dr. Rae's report of his 
 journey of 1854 — such part of it as refers to a monument he found in the very 
 locality pointed out as above by In nook-poo-shee-jook. Dr. Kae at the time was 
 in Inglis Bay at the embouchure of Murchison Biver; when the report reads: 
 
 " The weather was overcast with snow when we resumed our journey at 
 
 8.30 p. m. On the liTth of April we directed our course directly for the shore, 
 
 which we reached after a sharp walk of one and a half hours, in doing which we 
 
 crossed a long stony island of some miles in extent. As by this time it was snow- 
 
 S. Ex. 27 ;«» 
 
610 
 
 Conversations with Innuits. 
 
 [Juir. iNoe. 
 
 inf; lioiivily, I made my men Imvel on tlie iw, thr wiilkinf,' hcinj,' WUvr tlicrr, 
 wliil.st I followed the windinjj.s of tlie hIioiv, closely examining; every oltject 
 alon;; tlie heaeli. 
 
 "After pasHiii;^ several heajKs of stones wliieh had evidently «'overed Ks- 
 kinio eaehes, 1 eanie to a eolleetion larjfer than any 1 had seen, an<l eh'nrly not 
 intende<I for the protection of property of uny kind ; the stones, (generally s|>eak- 
 iiiK, w(Te sm dl, and had been bnilt in the form of a pillar, hnt the to]) had fallen 
 down, as the Eskimo had iireviously jjiven me to understand was the case. Call- 
 ing; my men to land, 1 sent one to trace what looked like the bed of a small river, 
 immediately west of us, whilst the other men and mys<'lf <-leared away the ])il(^ of 
 stones in search of a document. Although n<» dociunent was found, there could 
 be no doubt in my own mind and in that of my comjtanion that its construction 
 was not that of the natives. My belii'f that wo had arrived at the Castor and 
 I'ollux l{iver was contirmed when the person who had Iwen sent to trace the aj)- 
 l)arent stream-bed returned with the information that it was clearly a river. 
 
 • • • " Ilaviufi si»ent ui)wards of an hour in fruitless search for a mem- 
 orandum of sonu' kind, we bejian to retrace our stei>s," &c. 
 
 I will follow the extract with a remark or two. Taking the stoi-y of In-nook- 
 poo-she<'-Jook and the itrecedinj;' extract of Itae's report 'uto consideration, it is 
 (piite certain that the numument was that of white men. 
 
 Now Dease and Simpson }>ive no account in their first report of haviufi 
 erected any mark there — that is, at the jtlaee where their discioveries ended — to 
 wit, at Castor and Pollux River ; but in the Narrative, Simpson does yive the 
 account of raisinjj a monument at the extent of their discovery, viz, (!astor and 
 Pollux IMver. They also state that they erected a moiuuuent at Cai>e IJritannia 
 and another at Cajie Ilerschel. To my mind, it ai)pears reasonable that Sir .John 
 Franklin's Expedition was not idle after {jetting beset as it did on the 12tli Sep- 
 tember, 184<», near King William's Land. As the spring of 1847 opened, it is 
 altogether likely that exi)loring sledge parties were started off, one at least down 
 the west side of King William's land to connect the discoveries of Sir John IJoss' 
 exi)edition with that of Dease and Simpson's, while another, cptite likely, pro- 
 ceeded down the east side to connect discoveries that had been made by the same 
 expeditions. Of course, King William's Land was found to be an island, and 
 the whole coastof the mainland (Boothia) from Cape Porter to Castor and Pollux 
 Rivers was most undoubtedly explored and a record of these facts made and 
 cached, in that particular monument referred to by Rae in 1854 and now by In- 
 nook-])oo-shee-.jook. That some party of Franklin's Expedition visited the east 
 
SmlY, INHII.I 
 
 Cnnvcrsatinns ivith lunuits. 
 
 611 
 
 side of Kinjj Williaiirs Land, wo have tho traco in tlio knifo at Cape Livingston 
 w'liieli an Innnit iound under some stone.s, as related by In-nook-poo-Hliee-Jook 
 in a late interview, as recorded in this book. I now i)ro<!eed to note the re- 
 mainder of the inf(»rniation old In-nook -poo-she-Jook coninuinieated in this niorn- 
 inji's interview. I asked him where the other monument was witb a stone on its 
 top ]>ointing in a certain dire(;tion that he liad told me about when 1 ilrst met him. 
 He said it was at Shar-too, at the same time putting his linger on tho chart 
 and moving it along <lown the east coast of Simpson's IN>ninsula till his finger 
 resteil on I'oint Andersiui and Cape Jiarclay, whi(!h are at the entrance north 
 side of Keith Bay, and then he said, " That is K-to-uki," meaning the projections 
 Point Anderson and Capo Barclay, Tln^n he moved his linger carefully along \\\t 
 the coast till he got to Points J. & R. Clouston, or Clouston Points, as they are 
 called in the Admiralty chart, when he said that is where that monument was, and 
 the stone on top was i)ointing directly towards a small island that is far out 
 to the eastward and northward of where the monument was. He furthermore 
 said that at the time he was there he was on his way to Repulse Bay and he saw 
 about there, tracks of strangers — not Innuit tracks — but then, no monument was 
 there. A short time after, the same season, a party of Innuits passed the same 
 jdace, and then there was ii monument with the stone on top pointing towards 
 the said islet in the otting. 
 
■ ^wfv.'9v.i r''W''¥Wi^vpifwm-'- 
 
APPENDIX V. 
 
 DEMAND FOR WHALE AND SEAL OIL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JUTE. 
 

 ^FPENDIX V 
 
 WHALE AND SEAL OIL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF JUTE. 
 
 It is well known that the vicinity of Hudson's IJay has of late years become 
 less and less inviting to the whaler in i)lace oi proving the more and more prof- 
 itable, as anticipated bj" Hall for his Xew London friends. In addition to the 
 8i)ecial reasons for this, growing out of the shortness of whaling season there, 
 the difldculty of access and of the navigation of the straits and bay, the almost 
 entire disuse of whale-oil for lighting and other purposes will be readily remem- 
 bered. IJut it will also be remembered that this disuse was scarcely foreseen 
 by Hall in his sincere and sanguine hopes of opening up new fishing-grounds, 
 asked for by the whalers when he went ont. 
 
 Yet an exhaustion of the whaling-grounds which are now visited msiy turn 
 the ships back to Hudson's Bay ; nor can any one, to-day, foresee that some new 
 appliances in the advance of the rge may not awaken such large and new demands 
 for the oil and the bone as will also justify the revisiting of Hudson's IJay and 
 its iidets. 
 
 The following statement of the whale fishery as it was in the year 18G5 is 
 taken from the Whalemen's Shipping List. 
 
 "On the whole, the success of the northern fieet has not been very encourag- 
 ing, for although oil and bone are commanding apparently high prices, yet almost 
 every article of merchandise has advanced more than our staples, and the enor- 
 mous expense attending a whaling voyage in these times will requii'e a nnicli 
 larger catch to make any favorable compensation to owners of these vessels. 
 
 "Although the weather in the Arctic and Ochotsk has been very boisterous, 
 there have been only two vessels lost the last season — the Henry Kneeland, in 
 the Arctic, and the Mary, in the Ochotsk. 
 
 " The success in the Hudson's Bay whaling did not come up to our exjjecta- 
 
 • iliS 
 
616 
 
 Whaling Interestd, 1865. 
 
 tions the past year. The great diflaculty appears to be the short time between 
 the breaking up of the ice and the closing up of the same, rendering the season 
 available for whaling extremely short. Whales seem to be plenty, but they are 
 very shy and diflScult to capture. There were four arrivals from Hudson's B;)y in 
 1864 — three into New Bedibrd and one into New London — bringing 3,454 barrels 
 whale-oil and 55,000 ])ounds bone. There are now wintering in Hudson's Bay 
 and Cumberland Inlet twelve American whalers — the Antelope, Ansel Gibbs, 
 Black Eagle, Glacier, Morning Star, and Orray Taft, Cornelia, George & IMary, 
 Helen F., Monticello, Pioneer, and Concordia, — all of which will probably arrive 
 home next fall. 
 
 " Of the American whalers from the north, twenty -three arrived at S.an Fran- 
 cisco, forty -two at the Sandwich Islands, one at Monterey, and one at Panama. 
 All the foreign whalers arrived at the Sandwich Islands. 
 
 i' Of the eighty -one whalers which sailed from home ports in 1864, nineteen 
 were bound to the North Pacific, fifteen to Cumberland Inlet .and Hudson's Bay, 
 five to Desolation and Hurd's Island, and the balance, sperm-whaling to the At- 
 lantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. 
 
 " From present appearances, the import of sperm-oil will be considerably less 
 this year than in 1864. The fleet on the Pacific coast is very small, and doing 
 very little, with one or two exceptions. The South Pacific fleet is also much re- 
 duced, and has done poorly. Very few ships are in the Indian Ocean. The 
 fleet in the Atlantic has done better, although whaling has been much inter- 
 rupted about the Western Islands, the "Two Forties" and other grounds by 
 uncommon rough weather. The quantity of oil landed at Fayal in 1804 by 
 whalers is 4,862 barrels sperm, 883 barrels whale ; also 1,395 pounds bone. All 
 the oil but about 300 barrels has arrived home. 
 
 Uxports of sperm-oil, whale-oil, and whalebone from the United States. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1863. 
 
 1862. 
 
 1861. 
 
 1860 
 
 1859. 
 
 Sperm- 
 
 Whale- 
 
 Whale- 
 
 oil. 
 
 oil. 
 
 bono. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 45,000 
 
 12, 000 
 
 530, 000 
 
 18,866 
 
 11,297 
 
 279, 394 
 
 27,976 
 
 68,583 
 
 1,004,981 
 
 37,547 
 
 49,969 
 
 1,145,013 
 
 32,792 
 
 13,007 
 
 911,226 
 
 52,207 
 
 8,179 
 
 1.707,929 
 
Wlialiny Interests, 1865. 
 
 617 
 
 ImportH from 1845 to 1804. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Sperm- 
 oil. 
 
 Whale- 
 oil. 
 
 18(34 
 1863 
 1802 
 1861 
 1860 
 18.-)'J 
 1858 
 1857 
 1856 
 1855 
 1854 
 1853 
 1852 
 1851 
 18.50 
 1849 
 1848 
 1847 
 1846 
 1845 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 llarrclH. 
 
 64, :?7-2 
 
 71,803 
 
 (i:>, 055 
 
 62,974 
 
 .V),641 
 
 100, 478 
 
 (J8,93ii 
 
 133,717 
 
 7:{, 708 
 
 140, 005 
 
 91,408 
 
 190,411 
 
 81,941 
 
 182,223 
 
 78,440 
 
 230,941 
 
 80, 941 
 
 197, 890 
 
 72, 649 
 
 184,015 
 
 76,096 
 
 319,837 
 
 103,077 
 
 260, 114 
 
 78,872 
 
 84,211 
 
 m, 591 
 
 .328, 49:{ 
 
 92, 892 
 
 200,608 
 
 100, 944 
 
 248,492 
 
 107, 976 
 
 280, 656 
 
 120,753 
 
 313, 150 
 
 95, 217 
 
 207, 493 
 
 1.57, 917 
 
 272,730 
 
 Whale- 
 bone. 
 
 I'oundt. 
 760, 4.50 
 488, 750 
 763, .500 
 1,0:58,450 
 1,337,650 
 1,923,850 
 1,. 540, 800 
 2, 058, 900 
 2, 592, 700 
 2, 707, 500 
 3,445,200 
 5, 6,52, 300 
 1,259,900 
 3, 9<;6, .500 
 2, 869, 200 
 2,281,100 
 2, 003, 000 
 3,341,680 
 2, 27(i, 930 
 3, 167, 142 
 
 Importation of sperm-oil, whale-oil, and whalebone into the United States in 18G4. 
 
 Where. 
 
 New Bedford 
 
 Fairliaven , 
 
 Westport 
 
 Dartmouth 
 
 Mattapoisett 
 
 Sippicau 
 
 District of New Bedford 
 
 New Loodou 
 
 Nantucket 
 
 Provincetowu 
 
 Salem 
 
 Edgartowu 
 
 F.ilmouth 
 
 Sag Harbor 
 
 Boston 
 
 New York 
 
 Total 
 
 Sperm- 
 oil. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 48, 172 
 
 1,278 
 
 2,241 
 
 500 
 
 881 
 
 1.55 
 
 Whale- 
 oil. 
 
 Barrels. 
 
 35, 883 
 
 711 
 
 32 
 
 525 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 .53, 
 1, 
 
 227 
 915 
 
 78 
 8.50 
 
 90 
 153 
 931 
 133 
 894 
 101 
 
 64, 372 
 
 37, 164 
 
 8,091 
 
 18 
 
 1,742 
 
 20 
 
 1,525 
 
 232 
 
 505 
 
 9,011 
 
 12, 955 
 
 71,863 
 
 Whale- 
 bone. 
 
 Pounds. 
 224, 250 
 ()00 
 
 700 
 
 1.5,6.50 
 
 1,700 
 
 3, 700 
 
 1.59, 000 
 
 202, 650 
 
 760, 450 
 
 Average prices of oil per gallon and hone per pound. 
 
 Sperm. 
 
 1864 $1 78 
 
 1863 .' 1 61 
 
 1862 1 42i 
 
 1861 I 3H 
 
 1860 1 4H 
 
 225, .5.50 
 149,000 
 
 2,600 
 
 "Whale. 
 
 Bone. 
 
 Jil 28 
 
 81 80 
 
 95J 
 
 1 53 
 
 59i 
 
 82 
 
 44i 
 
 66 
 
 494 
 
 80 J 
 
618 
 
 Marhham on the Use oj Oils in Making Jute. 
 
 THE USE Oi' WHALE AND SEAL OIL IN THE MANUEAOTURE OF JUTE. 
 
 The reports of Mr. C. \l. Miirkhiiin, one of the Seerctaries of the Itoyal Geo- 
 griiphiciil Society, Lomlaii, on the new deiuantl for animal oils in the niannfactnre 
 of the important article of Jnte, are in point as regards the new uses and new de- 
 mands of the day upon the whaler. 
 
 Mr. Markhani's paper (rarliamentary) awakened an interest in this direction 
 which prompted a re([uest for statistics on the whale trade and its connection 
 with the jute ui.inufacture at JJundee. The full reply to these inquiries made by 
 IJjiited States Consxd McDougall, throu{,di the State and Xavy Departments, is 
 here appended as of inten'st in this twofold relation. 
 
 [Extract from rarliiinuMitary I'apor 150 on tlio Jloral and Material Comlition of India (lurinff the 
 yoar lti7-^-7:i, prosented to rarliamcnt by C. R. Markliain, Esii., 1874.] 
 
 " The most valuable special article of export from Calcutta, next to cotton, 
 opium, and rice, is jute. The ((uaiitity of jute exported in 1828 was .'504 cwt., 
 worth £02, and the extraorduiary increase that has since taken place is due 
 solely to the energy of the Eyots of JJengal. They found it proiitable, engaged 
 in it with alacrity, and create<! the trade. The large import of cheap Russian 
 flax into this country at lirst kopt down the demand for jute, but this source of 
 supply was destroyed when the iiussian war broke out in 18o4, and the demand 
 for jute became brisk. The Ityots seized the opportunity -vithout any itrompting 
 or assistance. 
 
 " From 1858 to 18(53 the average exportation of jute from Calcutta was 
 907,724 cwt. From 1803 to 1808 it had risen to 2,028,110 cwt. The <iuantity of 
 raw jute exported in lS72-'73 was 7,080,912 cwt., worth £4,142,547, an increase of 
 nearly a million hundred-weight as compared with the previous' year. Thus the 
 Eyots have created and extended an industry in forty-five years to a value of 
 more than four and a quarter millions, without any official eijcouragement or aid 
 whatever. 
 
 "In 1872 there were 3,955,450 cwt. of jute inq)ortedinto the United Kingdom 
 from India and 09,000 cwt. from other countries. Of this quantity 3,L:vtO,455 cwt. 
 are used in Great Britain, almost entirely in Dundee. The remaining 755,000 are 
 reexported. France takes 148,870 cwt. direct from Calcutta and 550,500 cwt. 
 from England; Trieste takes 9,000 cwt. direct from India; Holland receives 
 5,357 from India and 58,010 cwt. from England. In 1872 Germany took 77,831 ; 
 Belgium, 31,192; Spaui, 20,708; and other countries, 10,170 cwt. by re-exporta- 
 
Markhani on the Use of Oils in Making Jute. 
 
 619 
 
 (ion from Enfjland. Ijargo power-inills have also been established lor spinning 
 and weaving the liber nnder European management in India. At the Barnag- 
 piir jVIills, near Calcutta, there were 17 Eiu'opean overseers, 1,700 natives, and the 
 mills work up iG,00() tons of jutt in a year. There are also jute-mills at Fort 
 (Jloster, down the lliigli; at Budge-bud ;.>e, at liishra, at Chapdani, and two at 
 Serampur. Women and boys are emjdoyed in the spinning, winding, and sew- 
 ing, and men in weaving; the ratt's of wages being for men 11 annas a day, for 
 women a annas "» pie, and for boys y annas 5 pie. The work is practically con- 
 fined to making gunny bags and cloths, and the total value of the gunny-bags, 
 cloths, twine, and rope exported in 187li-'73 was £(S;i5,011. The success of these 
 jute-mills has been very great, and there are also many jute screw-houses and 
 warehouses. 
 
 "It is remarkable how various industries, carried on at vast distances, act 
 upon each other. The growth of jute in Bengal led to its manufacture in Dun- 
 dee, and this caused the revival of the whale fishery in Baffin's Bay. In 1872 
 the quantity of jute imported direct into Dundee was 1,828,014 <nvt., and the 
 bulk (»f the whale-oil is required by the jute manufacturers of Dundee and its 
 neighborhood. 
 
 " Thus the port of Dundee has now become the center of the whale-fishing 
 trade, and cargoes of oil from the Arctic Regions may be seen discharging along- 
 side cargoes of jute from Calcutta, both being essential to the jwosperity of this 
 industry. The Dundee Chamber of Commerce has rei)resented that an Arctic 
 expedition is desirable, in order that new haunts of oil-bearing animals may be 
 explored ; and if an Arctic expedition will benefit the jute manufacturers of Scot- 
 land, it is equally important to thousands of industrious Bengal Ryots, to whom 
 jute cultivation gives employment and the means of subsistence." 
 
 repolit of united states con«ui. matthew mcdougall, dundee, scotland, 
 on the jute manufacture at dundee. 
 
 "Department of State, 
 
 " Washington, Januari/ 15, 1878, 
 "Sir: Adverting to former correspondence upon the subject, I have the 
 honor to inclose herewith, for the information of Professor Nourse, of the Naval 
 Observatory, a co])y of a dispatch of the 10th of November last, from the Con- 
 
620 U. S. Consul McDowjalVs Report on Oils and Jute, at Dundee. 
 
 sill at Dundee, in rehitiou to the whale fishery and jute iiianuf'actoiy carried on 
 at that place. 
 
 " I ha\'e the liouor t(> be, air, your obedient servant. 
 
 '<WM. M. EVAltTS. 
 " The Hon. K. W. Thompson, 
 
 ** Secretary of the JVaM/." 
 
 Mr. MvDongall to Mr. Seicard, November Hi, 1.S77. 
 [lucloHiire 1 in No. i:?7.1 
 CONSULATK OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 Dundee. November 16, 1877. 
 Sib : lleferriug to your dispatch No. 12, dated the 2d ultimo, and to my 
 acknowledgment of receipt of same per dispatch No. 136, dated the 16th of that 
 month, 1 have now the honor to send you "statistics of the whale fishery and of 
 the jute manufactory carried on at the port of Dundee for the years 1865 to 18'<5," 
 which are supplemented by figures relating to the whale fishery for the years 
 1876 and 1877 and to the jute trade for certain years previous to 1865 and for the 
 years 1876 and 1877. I also give you various other tables connected with the 
 development of these industries, and such information bearing on these subjects 
 as I consider may be useful. 
 
 whale-fishing industry. 
 
 Having entered very fully into this subject in my annual report forwarded 
 to your Department for this year, ending 30th September, I beg to state that ti-o 
 quoted matter under this heading is taken from that document. 
 
 " The success attending the whaling-fleet belonging to this port was consid- 
 erably greater in 1876 than in 1875. All the vessels, twelve in number, prosecuted 
 both seal and whale fishing in 1876. The only change in the course usually fol- 
 lowed was by one vessel, which went to Labrador instead of Greenland, with the 
 other ships. The total catch at the seal-fishing was in 1876 57,776 seals, yield- 
 ing 625 tons of oil. Seal-oil last year was valued at £32 per ton, and the aver- 
 age price for skins was 6s. Taking the 625 tons of oil at £32 gives £20,000, and 
 57,776 skins at 6s. each produces the sum of £17,332 16s.; so that the value of 
 the seal-fishing in 1876 was £37,332 16s. Only one vessel returned clean from 
 the seal-fishing. 
 
 The total catch at the whale-fishing was in 1876 64 whales, yielding 824 
 
p 
 
 U. S. Consul McDougalVs Report on Oils and Jute at Ihoidee. 62 1 
 
 tons oil aiul 45 tons of bone. Tho selliii}i; price of whale-oil in ISTfi was £35 
 j)er ton; and altlion{?li as liiyli as £1,200 per ton was s^ot for bone, £800 
 was the average price. The 824 tons of oil produced £28,840 and llie 45 tons of 
 bone £36,000; total for the whale-flshing, £(i4,840; total for tbe sealfis^hinp:, 
 £37,332 Kis.; total for botli lishings, £102,172 Kis. Of course from this sum falls 
 to be deducted the exi>enses of the fleet, which must necessarily be very heavy. 
 
 In 1875 the value of tho seal-fishing was cora])nted at £27,020 In, (id. and the 
 whale-fishing at £50,325; total for both fishings, £77,351 7.s'. (i(/. This shows an 
 increase in favor of 1870 in the seal-fishing of £10,300 8,s. G(/. and in the whale 
 fishing of £14,515 ; total increase in both fishings for 1870, £24,821 8s. 0</." 
 
 "This year two vessels went to the seal-fishing in Labrador compared with 
 one in 1870; and they were so snccessful, that the Dundee Seal and Whale Fishing 
 Company have resolved to form a branch establishment at Newfoundland, and 
 next spring two of their largest and most powerful screw -steamers, instead of 
 going to Greenland, will be dispatched to the Newfoundland seal-fishing. Tho 
 company has acquired a piece of ground, on which they are erecting the neces- 
 sary buildings for carrying on the work connected with the fishing, including 
 boiling-house, &c. There being no docks for the accommodation of the vessels, 
 the company is constructing a wharf in close proximity to its premises, so that 
 the steamers will be enabled to discharge their catches almost at the doors of the 
 establishment. With the two steamers sent out by another company here (those 
 which went this year) this will now make four Dundee vessels that will jn'osecute 
 the Newfoundland seal-fishing next spring. The efl'ect of this change will of 
 course be to give the remainder of the Dundee vessels going to Greenland a bet- 
 ter chance of success, and it is hoped the results will prove satisfactory to all 
 concerned. 
 
 "As all the vessels of the Dundee whale fleet have now arrived from the New- 
 foundland and Greenland seal and whale fisheries for the year, I am able to give 
 yon the nuniber of seals and whales caught and other particulars. The whole of the 
 vessels (now thirteen in number) went both to the seal and whale fishing this year, 
 two going to Newfoundland instead of to Greenland with the other ships. The 
 number of seals caught in Newfoundland (Labrador) this year was for two vessels 
 40,000 seals, yielding 750 tons oil ; last year one. vessel, 4,000 seals, yielding 47 
 tons oil ; increase in 1877, 42,600 seals, 703 tons oil. 
 
 "The number of seals caught in Greenland this year was for eleven vessels, 
 29,400 seals, yielding 342 tons oil ; last year, for eleven vessels, 53,77(i seals, yield- 
 ing 578 tons oil ; decrease in 1877, 24,376 seals, 236 tons oil. 
 
622 U. S. Consul MrDoitf/nirs lieport on Oils and Jute in Duntlrr. 
 
 "The iminlKT of st'sils caught in Newfouiullaiul (Liibiatlor), as abovp, in 1877, 
 4(),r)0(> Hoals yioUlinj,' 7;")0 tons oil; in (Ircfnland, 2!»,4(M> seals, yielding: ;J42 tons 
 oil; total, 7(»,(KH) seals, 1,01)2 tons oil. Total in lS7r., .'57,77(! seals, OLT) tons oil. 
 Increase in 1877, 18,224 seals, 407 tons oil. 
 
 "At present seal-oil is valued at £'•^2 per ton, while the skins average .">«. each. 
 Calculating the 1,092 tons of oil got this year at £:\2 gives £;)4,!)44, and 70,000 
 skins at "w. each yield £10,000; so that the total vahie of the seal-tishing this 
 year is £r),'?,n44. Last year the total value of the catch at the seal-fishing was 
 estimated at £37,;W2 Ws. Increase in 1877, £10,011 is. 
 
 " Unfortunately five of the eleven vessels that went to the flreenhunl seal- 
 fishing this year returned clean. But at the whale-fi.shiug there was no sucli 
 unlucky experiencie. The thirteen vessels brought from the Greenland whale-fishing 
 this year 81 black whales, yielding 835 tons oil and 42^ tons of bone, and 035 
 white whales, yielding 120 tons oil; total, 1,010 whales, yielding 955 tons oil and 
 42^ tons of bone. 
 
 "In 187G the catch was 04 black whales, yielding 824 tons oil and 45 tons of 
 bone. Increase in 1877, 17 black whales, 935 white whales, and 131 tons oil. De- 
 crease in bone in 1877, 2J tons. 
 
 "At present the selling price of whale-oil is £35 per ton, and bone may be 
 taken at the price £1,400 per ton. The value of 955 tons oil at the price given 
 would be £33,425, and the 42.^ tons of bone would give £59,500. Total value of 
 the whale-fishing for 1877, £92,925. The total value of the whale-fishing for 187(» 
 was £04,840, making an increase in 1877 of £28,085. 
 
 " Total value of the seal-flshing in 1877, £53,944; total value of the whale, 
 fishing in 1877, £92,925; total for both fishings 1877, £140,809 (of whicli sum 
 the expense of the tieet has to be deducted). Total for botli fishings in lS7<i, 
 £102,172 10s. Increase on both fishings in 1877, £44,090 4s. 
 
 "This gratifying result, it will be seen, is greatly due to the remarkal)le suc- 
 cess of the two vessels which went to the Newfoundland (Labrador) seal- fishing 
 this year. 
 
 "The following is a very complete statement, showing the produce of British 
 vessels from 1805 to 1876, inclusive, at the Davis Straits and ijrreenland seal and 
 whale fishing. I also include the number of seals and whales caught this year at 
 Greenland and Labrador by the Dundee vessels." 
 
U. 8. Consul McDougalVs Report on Oils and JuU- at Dundic. (j2;} 
 
 
 
 Statement. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 I'ortH. 
 
 Vessolg. 
 10 Mailers 
 
 SeuJH, 
 
 17, 2J)1 
 10, 24H 
 64,041 
 
 Whttlen. 
 
 Seal- 
 oil. 
 
 TiniH. 
 195 
 
 ii;i 
 
 7:f4 
 
 Whale- 
 oil. 
 
 I'llllx. 
 
 71 
 
 H4 
 547 
 
 Whale- 
 bone. 
 
 18(i5 
 
 18<)(i 
 
 1807 
 IHtid 
 
 18(i9 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 187a 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 I'i'torlit'a<l 
 
 do 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 .50 
 
 Cirtn. 
 
 DuikUm' 
 
 Kirkfaltlv 
 
 Hull ...... 
 
 .....lo 
 
 Krazcrbiiifjli 
 
 AImtiIccu 
 
 rrtnlit-ad 
 
 ....tl(. 
 
 DiiikU'h 
 
 Hull 
 
 <|<) 
 
 7 steamers 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 (•..■() 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 
 
 
 1 steamer 
 
 
 5 
 
 '"' ir)(V 
 
 40 
 
 60 
 
 2 sailers 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 12,219 
 
 
 
 
 9 saiU'rs 
 
 ;i steaui'Ms 
 
 11 steamers 
 
 1 steamer 
 
 l(i, \>*6 
 
 If), 6:w 
 
 4^,4^ 
 
 9 
 
 :!o 
 
 1H7 
 210 
 
 ()74 
 
 299 
 100 
 
 ""'M' 
 
 ' sailer ..... 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 4) 
 
 2 
 
 62' 
 
 160 
 
 2S7 
 619 
 
 ""124 
 
 k; 
 
 40 
 
 FrM/crbur^li 
 
 AImtiIci'ii 
 
 I't^tiTlicad 
 
 ....do 
 
 2 sailers 
 
 4, .571 
 
 i:V208' 
 21,:«iH 
 
 .5:!, 822 
 "8,'2i7' 
 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 8 sailers 
 
 10(1 
 
 151 
 
 29 
 
 22 
 
 26 
 
 120 
 
 4 steanu-rs 
 
 12 steamers 
 
 1 steamer 
 
 2 sailers 
 
 
 Dundee 
 
 Hull 
 
 l''iii/.('rl)ur};li 
 
 Aberdeen 
 
 Dundee 
 
 ....do 
 
 I'eterbead 
 
 ....do 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 
 
 l:i steamers 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 16, 4.58 
 
 107 
 1 
 
 -16 
 4 
 
 () 
 
 6' 
 
 18 
 4 
 
 199 
 
 16.5 
 
 22H 
 
 32 
 
 :V 
 
 458 
 125 
 2.56 
 
 K56 
 
 7 
 
 2(i2 
 
 2;{ 
 
 944 
 5 
 
 8 sailers 
 
 4 steamers 
 
 2 sailers 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 i;{,774 
 
 18, o;w 
 :i,98i) 
 
 ""2;i(V 
 
 44, 424 
 1!),021 
 
 <.K) 
 17 
 
 Fra/.erburifli 
 
 Aberdeen 
 
 
 ..... 
 
 8(» 
 
 lOM 
 
 Hull 
 
 Dundee 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 ....do 
 
 I steamer 
 
 II steamers 
 
 9 sailers 
 
 
 1|H 
 
 lis 
 
 25 
 
 128 
 49 
 
 4 steamers 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 25 
 
 Aberdeen 
 
 Hull 
 
 Dundee 
 
 
 1 steamer 
 
 
 1 
 61 
 
 18 
 
 ' " " rt")2 
 
 1:52 
 
 487 
 
 5 
 7:m 
 125 
 
 98 
 
 l,l6:i 
 
 105 
 
 80 
 969 
 
 i:tl 
 29:? 
 
 1, ;!():! 
 
 5 
 
 10 steamers 
 
 7 sailers , 
 
 4 Hti-amers 
 
 8/,76M 
 
 8, :',7:{ 
 :{2,o.-'7 
 
 S71 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 ....do 
 
 Aberdeen 
 
 Dundee 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dundee 
 
 144 
 
 5 
 
 91 
 
 i.:5i:{ 
 
 1.55 
 
 76 
 
 l,o;)2 
 
 10 steamers 
 
 6 sailers 
 
 5 .steamers 
 
 11 steiinu'rs 
 
 5 sailers 
 
 6 .steamers 
 
 11 steamers 
 
 1 sailer 
 
 7 steamers 
 
 ".t saileix 
 
 64,497 
 17, 047 
 ;!4,K(7 
 40.:i9l 
 1,851 
 f<, 442 
 25, 480 
 
 4, i:u 
 
 :?7, 827 
 
 6, 784 
 
 44, 087 
 
 8,ii;{ 
 
 ()15 
 44, 445 
 27, 198 
 
 57,'77()' 
 
 4, 180 
 
 H71 
 
 76, 000 
 
 i:{:i 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 105 
 
 9 
 
 24 
 
 158 
 
 2' 
 
 12 
 190 
 
 
 
 ■■"79' 
 
 to 
 
 l:i 
 ()4 
 
 flU 
 5 
 
 1181 
 
 ()52 
 194 
 4H1 
 410 
 
 25 
 129 
 262 
 
 46 
 754 
 
 7:5 
 .575 
 196 
 2 
 418 
 ;i55 
 
 "02.5" 
 75 
 
 5 
 1,092 
 
 Peterliead 
 
 ....do . 
 
 Dundee 
 
 ....do 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 i:{2 
 
 292 
 1,:!44 
 
 1(> 
 no 
 
 1,419 
 95 
 148 
 706 
 11:5 
 156 
 824 
 222 
 ()9 
 9.") 
 
 16 
 115 
 
 Dundee 
 
 11 steamers 
 
 5 ste.amers 
 
 1! sailers 
 
 l,4:t6 
 
 Peterliead 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dundee 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dundee 
 
 91 
 153 
 
 12 steamers 
 
 (i steamers 
 
 2 sailers 
 
 12 steamers 
 
 5 steamers 
 
 :? sailers 
 
 1:5 steamers 
 
 729 
 
 164 
 
 900 
 
 Peterhead 
 
 ....do 
 
 Dundee^ (Ureenland and 
 Newfoundland). 
 
 138 
 94 
 
 8.50 
 
 • And 645 white. 
 
 tAnd 859 white. 
 
 i And 360 white. i And 700 white. Ii And 935 -white. 
 
 I 
 
G24 fL S. (^onsul McDoiufulVs Report on Oils ami Jutv at Dundi'v. 
 
 " It will be obHirrvcd fioin tho above «tatt'inoiit that the wliohi of the Ih'itiHb 
 vcsHcls enga^^ed in tlio Davis Htraits and Cireeidand seal and whale tiHlicries now 
 belong to this ('onsular district, and of these the largest nund)er belong to Dun 
 dee, and are all steamers ; indeed, sailing-vesse's are (inite the ex(!ei»tion, Peter- 
 hca«l being the only i)ort that has two or three old sailing-ships which go to 
 Greenland, and it is j)redictcd that in the course of a year or two these will either 
 be turned into screw-steamers or laid aside for steam-vessels." 
 
 2. JUTK TUADK. 
 
 " The staple industry of Dundee and neighborliood is the nianulaeture of jute 
 fabrics, chietly of a coarse kind, such as double wrap-bagging, sacking, burlaps, 
 &c. The bulk of the Juto used hero is turned into this class of goods, or yarns 
 suitable to make the same (these yarns being mainly exported to the Eur«)pciiu 
 Continental factories, to be there woven into cloth), and the balance into a great 
 variety of other stuffs of a finer description, called duck-padding, canvas, carpets, 
 hearth-rugH, matting, «&c. 
 
 "The introduction of Jute into Dundee with the view to its manufacture was 
 in 1823 or early in 1824 ; but the first experiments made with it were not satis- 
 factory. Some years elapsed before any further attempts were tried to manipu- 
 late the fiber. About the beginning of 1832 repeated efforts were made to over- 
 come the difticulties in spinning jute by machinery, and by i)erseverance, skill, 
 and improved machinery these obstacles were successfully surmounted, and now 
 Jute manufacturing has risen to be the i)rincipal business in this town, ami has 
 also been a source of great wealth to this connrumity. 
 
 " The first noticeable impetus given to the jute trade was caused by the 
 Russian war in 1854. The belligerents on both sides consumed vast quantities 
 of coarse linens. This, together with the supply of flax from that country being 
 cut oft', created a strong demand for jute ntaterial to take the place of that for- 
 merly made from flax. The jute trade still retains in a great measure the ad- 
 vantage it gained at this time, jute fabrics, by their cheapness and strength, 
 having permanently supplanted various kinds of flax-cloth, which it was only 
 considered they would substitute in the emergency. The profits then realized 
 stimulated enterprise very much, and led to the erection of new works in Dundee 
 for spinning and weaving jute exclusively by power, and to substantial additions 
 to those works already in existence. 
 
 " The following tables show how many jute factories there were in the United 
 Kingdom in 1862, with the number of spindles, power-looms, amount of moving- 
 
U. S Consul McDoupaWti Report on Oils and Jute at Dundee. ()2r) 
 
 powor, uiul iiiiinbor ofpcrNoiis oiiiploycd. It will be obsorvetl that tuoat of tlicMc 
 im; ill Dundee uiul distriet: 
 
 Jute FactoricH in 180U in the under-noted countricn. 
 
 Cimiitry. 
 
 CuuDly. 
 
 Nnmber of factories. 
 
 Spindles. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Aiiioiiiit of iiiov- 
 iiiH power. 
 
 II 
 
 rl 
 
 33 
 
 31 
 27 
 16 
 
 Stoam. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Englund... 
 Totul . 
 
 r^oFHet ...... - 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 320 
 
 (>0 
 
 240 
 
 
 12 
 20 
 
 18 
 12 
 
 
 
 Mid(llvHe.<c 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 020 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 lor 
 
 
 
 SuoMiind... 
 Total .... 
 
 Forfar (Dundeo and district). 
 
 lianark 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 24 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 28,094 
 1,000 
 1,444 
 
 40(5 
 
 4.S 
 100 
 
 1, 494 
 
 153 
 
 90 
 
 20 
 46' 
 
 4,828 
 216 
 374 
 
 
 27 
 
 30, 538 
 
 554 
 
 1,737 
 
 60 
 
 5,418 
 
 
 
 Ireland — 
 Total.... 
 
 Antrim 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 1,824 
 
 
 194 
 
 
 3a5 
 57 
 
 Down 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1,824 
 
 
 249 
 
 
 442 
 
 l(t7 
 
 .5, 418 
 
 442 
 
 
 
 
 
 l^jiiif liiiid . . . 
 
 SUMMAUY. 
 
 4 
 
 27 
 5 
 
 620 
 
 30,538 
 
 1,824 
 
 ""'554' 
 
 62 
 
 1,7.37 
 
 249 
 
 60' 
 
 Scotland ...... ..••.. <..... 
 
 
 Total - - - - 
 
 30 
 
 32,982 
 
 5.54 
 
 2,048 
 
 TO 
 
 5, 967 
 
 
 
 The majority of the workers in jute fsictorics are females, some boys ; and a 
 few men to act as overseers, mauagers, and mechanics are also employed. 
 Mi The remarkable progress the trade made from 1838 to 1860 is exhibited by 
 the following note of the imports of jute in three years into Dundee. It will be 
 noticed that in 1855, the year after the outbreak of the Russian war, the increase 
 is extraordinary, and that the subsequent years show also a steady increase. 
 S. Ex. 27 40 
 
626 U. S. Consul McThngalVs Report on Oils and Jute at Dundee. 
 
 'Jute imported into Dundee. 
 
 Years, 
 
 By 8ca. 
 
 By rail. 
 Tons. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1838 
 
 Tom. 
 
 1, 136 
 
 2, 411 
 
 2,745 
 
 2, («51 
 
 2, 740 
 
 4,858 
 
 5,515 
 
 8,313 
 
 9,230 
 
 0, 9(50 
 
 8,885 
 
 7,946 
 
 6,335 
 
 7, 386 
 
 9,874 
 
 8, 1()5 
 
 0,224 
 
 12, 333 
 
 16,948 
 
 8,158 
 
 13,828 
 
 21,(583 
 
 22,829 
 
 Ttms. 
 
 1839 
 
 
 
 1840 
 
 1841 
 
 1842 
 
 1843 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1844 
 
 1845 
 
 
 
 
 
 1840 
 
 
 
 1847 ... 
 
 
 
 1848 
 
 •<6 
 
 4, 190 
 
 7,745 
 
 9,542 
 
 7,109 
 
 7,235 
 
 10, '366 
 
 13,5(51 
 
 14,083 
 
 10, 184 
 
 16,258 
 
 16,722 
 
 14, 136 
 
 8,905 
 12, 142 
 14,080 
 t(i,928 
 16,983 
 15, 4(M» 
 16,590 
 25, 894 
 31,031 
 24, 342 
 30, 08(i 
 38, 405 
 36, 9(5.5 
 
 1849. . 
 
 1850 
 
 1851 
 
 1852 
 
 ia53 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 "The enormous consumption of coarse goods by both armies in the American 
 war, 18(51-'65, gave the next market stimnhis to the Jute trade. The prices ob- 
 tained during this warfor jute goods were unprecedented in the history of tlie trade, 
 and they have never since been so high, and those engaged in the trade during 
 this i)eriod were thus enabled to amass handsome fortunes. Tlie prosperity gave 
 the trade a linn footing in Dundee, and induced spinners and manufacturers to 
 build more new works and to go on making additions to the old ones. I cannot 
 give you the exjict number of jute factories, &c., in operation at the end of the 
 American war, but the next statement proves that there must have been a most 
 favorable increase of jute machinery in these few years, when it is understood 
 that the greater proportion of the total increase here shown refers to the jute 
 trade, and almost solely in this locrJity." 
 
U. S. Consul McDoiKjalVs Report on Oils and Jute at Dundee. f)27 
 Return oJ'Ji(u',JHte, and hemp /actor ica in Scotland, September, 1867. 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Number o f 
 works. 
 
 Nominal 
 horse-power. 
 
 Number o f 
 spindles. 
 
 a 
 a tj 
 
 ii,:{29 
 
 5,o;j8 
 i,:i48 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 2 
 (2 
 
 Forfarshire (Dundee and district) 
 
 108 
 
 51 
 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 7,715 
 2,691 
 
 847 
 
 74 
 
 785 
 
 278,564 
 
 74, 1)58 
 
 21,064 
 
 2, 81'-i 
 
 16,814 
 
 46,571 
 11,579 
 
 :!,740 
 120 
 
 2, 175 
 
 Fifeshiro 
 
 FertLshiro 
 
 Kincardineshire 
 
 Aberdeen 
 
 Total 
 
 428 
 
 182 
 15 
 
 12, 112 
 
 2, 840 
 
 :i9:i,9i8 
 '.r.i. iu;i 
 
 1M,143 
 1,774 
 
 61, 1K-. 
 
 l:(,oio 
 
 Other parts of Scotland 
 
 Grand total 
 
 
 197 
 192 
 
 14,952 487.579 
 
 19,917 
 
 8, .520 
 
 77, 195 
 :f9,562 
 
 (jiran<l total in 1862 
 
 
 :u2,2:i9 
 
 Increnae 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 175, :mo 
 
 ii,:i97 
 
 ;{7,c:{;i 
 
 
 "After the American war terminated the trade returned more to its normal 
 condition, but still kept on flourishing to 1873 on account of general trade through- 
 out the world being vigorous. So rapid had been the advancement of the trade 
 in tlie years 1802 to 1873, that in this last year it was estimated there were upward 
 of 100 jute factories in Dundee and immediate vicinity, emi)loying from 00,000 to 
 05,000 hands. I hero give a table of the amount of the horse-power in the flax, 
 hemp, and jute mills and factorit^t. in Dundee alone in the years stated. The jute- 
 works may be credited with a large share of the increase shown from the years 
 1800 to 1874 : 
 
 Horse-power of mills and factories in Dundee. 
 
 Uorso- 
 power. 
 
 In 1808 6:{ 
 
 In 1820 Ill 
 
 In 1832 805 
 
 In 1860 4,782 
 
 In 1867 7,032 
 
 In 1874 10,000 
 
 " Up to 1873 most of the jute consumed in the United Kingdom was in and 
 around Dundee, but the manufacture had now begun to extend in different places 
 in this coui.-.^-^, on the Continent of Europe, and more especially in Calcutta and 
 other parts of India. This competition (particularly that of Calcutta), combined 
 with th«! financial panic in the United States in the autumn of 1873, gave the 
 trade a severe check, and it has continued very depressed ever since, with prices 
 
628 U. S Consul McDougalVs Report on Oils and Jute at Dundee. 
 
 at tho lowest point, and in the principal portion of the trade unquestionably 
 unrcmunerative. 
 
 "it is affirmed that had it not been for the large sums accumulated by tho 
 manufacturers in the ten years of good trade previous to 1873, great commercial 
 disaster must have been the inevitable consequence of the very unprofitable state 
 of the trade here during the last three or four years. 
 
 "Among those manufacturers who entered into the trade in 1873-'74, when 
 trade was beginning to decline, and who consequently did not reap any of the 
 good profits yielded in former years, there have been many failures. I have 
 again to quote from my annual repor*^ for this year : 
 
 " So bad has the trade been considered, that many manufacturers have found 
 it more for their interests to close their works entirely than to go on making goods 
 at an absolute loss. 
 
 " The chief local newspaper says there are at present standing idle in Dun- 
 dee and district 12 mills and factories employing 3,400 hands, 7 mills employing 
 1,770 hands, 4 factories emjjloying 070 hands. Total, 23 mills and factories and 
 5,840 hands. 
 
 " Seven of these works have been closed through the suspension of the firms, 
 but the majority have been stopped voluntarily, by the owners wishing to with- 
 draw from losing concerns and others from the want of orders for the special class 
 of goods manufactured by them. A number of these works ceased working six 
 months ago ; some as far back as the end of 187G. Jfearly the whole of the works 
 still in operation are running with fewer hands than at this time last year ; one 
 firm alone having 600 less." 
 
 "So that the number of mills and factories in Dundee and district '« now 
 approximated at from 70 to 80, employing from 50,000 to 60,000 liands making Jute 
 goods. 
 
 "Without doubt the great production of jute fabrics in Calcutta for the last 
 two or three years has been the main cause of the extreme depression of the trade 
 here. At any rate, Calcutta is now the most powerful competitor with Dundee, as 
 three or four of the largest jute-works in other parts of the United Kingdom have 
 recently stopped working, and those in other towns throughout the country are 
 working with less hands, thus reducing the competition in this country with Dun- 
 dee to a minimum. 
 
 " Calcutta is represented as having 20 mills, 4,786 looms; 80 per cent, of the 
 spindles and looms are on double-warp bagging and sacking and 20 per cent, on 
 Hessian or burlap cloth. These figures show that Calcutta is a formidable rival 
 
U. S. Consul McDougaWs Report on Oils and Jute at Dundee. 629 
 
 to Dundee in the manufacture of the coarse stuffs on the nialiing of which this 
 town has always relied. An iuiraense quantity of this quality of cloth is produced 
 in this locality, three-fifths of the mills and factories having machinery only 
 adapted for spinning the yarns for and weaving this cloth." 
 
 Tlie Calcutta manufacturers are in the mean time underselling Dundee in the 
 Australian, Egyptian, and Californian markets. Of the last-named place, by far 
 the most important of the three, Dundee once had the monopoly of the business. 
 The total value of the jute-bags exported there, declared to at this consulate, was, 
 for the four quarters of the years ending 30th September, 1875, 1870, and 1877, as 
 follows : 
 
 one 
 
 
 
 Quarter ending — 
 
 
 Total for the 
 
 year. 
 
 December 31, 
 
 March 31. 
 
 June 30. 
 
 September 30. 
 
 1875 
 
 $335, 440 19 
 23, 053 24 
 
 $137, 960 78 
 94,610 65 
 
 $;f,686 01 
 207,886 44 
 
 $11, 586 67 
 39, 008 90 
 
 $488, 673 65 
 424, C59 23 
 
 1876 
 
 lucreaso 
 
 
 
 264, 200 43 
 
 27, 4-22 23 
 
 '"64,"ii4'4'y 
 
 Decrease 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 312, 383 95 
 
 43,:i50 13 
 
 
 
 •23,053 24 
 21,456 71 
 
 94, 010 65 
 6, '229 -23 
 
 21)7,886 44 
 2,8;{5 33 
 
 31», 008 90 
 1, 3.^0 99 
 
 4-24, .059 '23 
 31,872 '26 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Deciviiso 
 
 Decrease in 1876 
 
 Total decrease iu 
 
 i,596 53 
 
 83,381 42 
 
 205,051 11 
 
 37,057 91 
 
 392,686 97 
 64,114 42 
 
 the two years 
 
 1876 and 1877.. 
 
 
 
 456,801 39 
 
 
 
 " This demonstrates that at the moment Dundee has entirely lost control of 
 this splendid outlet for its goods. Of course some allowance for this almost incred- 
 ible decrease may be attributed to the encouragement the San Francisco sack- 
 sewers have in the difference of 10 per cent, in the tariff iu favor of burlaps, which 
 they make into bags on the spot. But even iu this way Dundee is not compen- 
 sated for the serious loss (as shown by this statement) it has sustained, as the bag- 
 makers get large parcels of the cloth they use from Calcutta, which source, it is 
 beyond question, nuist now be supplying California, Oregon, and the Western 
 States with millions of bags and thousands of pieces of cloth yearly which for- 
 merly came from this quarter." 
 
 To give an idea of the connection Dundee has with the United States in the 
 jute trade, I submit an " extract of my detailed statement of exports from this 
 Consular district to the United States for the four quarters of the year ending 
 
030 U. S (Consul McDotu/aWs Report on Oils at ' Jute at Dundee. 
 
 30th September, 1877," wliich hIiows a marked decrease during that period. I 
 Jiave also added the decrease for 187G, which makes an enormous lalliug-off in 
 just two years. I may mention that four-fifths of the total valuation is for jute 
 goods of every sort, but generally of a coarse quality. 
 
 Abstract. 
 
 Quarter ending — 
 
 Total at Dundee for i 
 
 1877 ai, 037,811 87 
 
 Total at Aberdeen 
 
 for 1877. 
 
 Total from district 
 for 1877 
 
 Total from district 
 for 1876 
 
 49, 1C9 40 
 
 Increase 
 
 Decrease 
 
 Decrease in 187C 
 
 1,083,981 87 
 1,101,294 S.'i 
 
 14, 313 08 
 
 1,175,239 41 
 30, 500 93 
 
 1,205,740 .34 
 
 1,459,987 48 
 
 254,241 14 
 
 .June 30. September 30. 
 
 Total for the 
 year. 
 
 81.154,500 08 ^1,302,977 08 
 3^^, 134 89 37, 182 40 
 
 4,070,594 44 
 154,993 08 
 
 1,192,700 97 
 1,782,089 49 
 
 1,340,1.-9 .'•4 
 1, 129, 172 38 
 
 589, 98S 52 
 
 210,987 10 
 
 Total decrease in the two years 1876 and 1877 . 
 
 4, 825, .588 12 
 5, 473, 143 70 
 
 047, .5.55 7-S 
 520,709 07 
 
 1,174,3:25 25 
 
 " I have also, at this point, to note the fact that a large proportion of the 
 total value of these exports is for goods (burlaps principally) sent to tlie United 
 States on consignment instead of on actual sale. This has come about by the 
 American firms who are represented here by their own houses or agents declining 
 to purchase. Manufacturers have thereby been compelled to ship their mertrluui- 
 dise themselves to keep their establishments moving and from acquiring stock. 
 Business being thus forced has had a disastrous eifect on prices in the United 
 States, and the account sales hav'e advised in these cases a wide discrepancy 
 between the prices realized and the actual cost thereof." 
 
 By again turning to the importation of jute into Dundee from 1861 to 1877 
 (former statement left oflf at 1860) a glance at the undernoted statement will .show 
 how the trade has developed in these years. 
 
U. S Consul McDoiujalVs Iteport on Oils and Jute at Dundee. 631 
 
 Total quantity of jute imported into Dundee. 
 
 [■or the 
 
 U". 
 
 594 44 
 
 91)3 08 
 
 588 12 
 143 70 
 
 555 'm' 
 769 (37 
 
 3J5 -25 
 
 Wis 
 
 i 
 
 18C1 
 
 186-2 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 18613 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 187:2 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 ... 
 
 1877 (from Ist January to 3l8t October, 1877) 
 
 a 
 fee . 
 
 u 
 
 99 
 
 Tons. 
 468 
 402 
 
 6,997 
 12, 173 
 11,425 
 
 4,507 
 10,156 
 
 5,437 
 27,844 
 30, 537 
 66, 872 
 91,276 
 102, 133 
 81, 746 
 92,844 
 95, 715 
 72, 120 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 toe 
 
 a o 
 
 t3 
 O 
 
 Tons. 
 17,456 
 19, 423 
 25,276 
 23, 371 
 43,912 
 28,784 
 36,546 
 35,069 
 36, 347 
 43, 311 
 27, 736 
 32, 390 
 37,790 
 33, 190 
 20, 067 
 21,824 
 15,921 
 
 I i 
 
 
 <u rf 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 ii^ 
 
 
 jso is 
 
 13 
 
 = o 
 
 
 «f^te 
 
 H 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 17,792 
 
 35,716 
 
 18, 452 
 
 38,277 
 
 14,710 
 
 46,983 
 
 20, 860 
 
 56, 404 
 
 16, 365 
 
 71,702 
 
 18, 888 
 
 52, 179 
 
 16,970 
 
 63,672 
 
 17,968 
 
 58,474 
 
 18, 188 
 
 82, 379 
 
 7,862 
 
 81,740 
 
 8,236 
 
 102, 844 
 
 3, 524 
 
 127, 190 
 
 3,227 
 
 143, 150 
 
 2, 439 
 
 117, 375 
 
 1,019 
 
 113,930 
 
 1,032 
 
 118,571 
 
 114 
 
 88,155 
 
 This statement shows that the jute imported into Dundee reached the maxi- 
 mum in 1873. It also shows that the quantity brought direct from Calcutta is 
 considerably under the amount brought in 1873, in the years 1874, 1875, and 187G. 
 
 The total arrivals of vessels from Calcutta at Dundee from the Ist January 
 to 1st October, of this year (1877), were 44 ships, bringing 00,171 tons jute, equal 
 to 401,802 bales. The arrivals during the same period in 187G were 57 ships, bring- 
 ing 78,921 tons jute, equal to 527,046 bales, exhibiting a falling off" on the nine 
 mouths' arrivals of 13 ships, bringing 18,750 tons jute, equal to 125,244 bales. 
 Nor is there any prospect of the decrease being made up during the three months 
 of the year still to run. From latest advices, 1 find that there are at sea bound to 
 Dundee 3 jute vessels of 4,311 tons, and loading or chartered at Calcutta 23 of 
 31,324 tons. The ■whole of the vessels at sea are likely to arrive before December 
 31. Of the ships chartered or loatliiig, 3 steamships of 3,847 register tons and 
 5,995 tons gross, will also in all probability arrive before the close of the year. 
 The total probable arrivals direct from Calcutta for 1877 may, therefore, be set 
 down at 50 ships of 08,329 tons register. 
 
 Taking the vessels arrived, sailed, and chartered, and (!om]>aring them with 
 last year, they stand thus : 1870, 90 ships of 120,139 tons ; 1877, 70 ships of 95,800 
 
632 U. 8. Consul McDougalVs Report on Oils mid Jute at Dundee. 
 
 tons; decrease, 20 ships of 30,U33 tons. This not only speaks of a bad current 
 year, but promises very poorly for 1878. 
 
 It is impossible to get the total yards of jute manufactures or tlie number of 
 jute bags made mat are sent from Dundee, the returns of the Harbor Board and 
 riaihvay companies being so kept that they only show the total of all nmnufac- 
 tures, including linen and jute manufactures of every kind, and yarns, bags, &c. 
 But the extent and importance of the trade can be judged from the following 
 tables, compiled by me from the British Board of Trade retuiiis and other official 
 statements. The year 1854 is the first year jute is given as an article of import 
 into the United Kingdom in the above-mentioned returns. Before that time it 
 was included among " Hemp and other like substances." The quantity of jute 
 exported was not given till 1801. For comparison, I give the qnantity of jute 
 imported into Dundee, the amounts being the same as in the preceding tables, 
 but only changed into hundredweights to suit these Tables. 
 
 Total (juantity and value of the jute im- 
 ported into'tho United Kingdom 
 
 Total quantity of juteimportcd into Dun- 
 dee, consumed there and in tlic district . 
 
 Balance left for consumption claewhcro 
 or export 
 
 1854. 
 
 1853. 
 
 1830. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 dots. 
 481, 733 
 331, 800 
 
 149, 933 
 
 SS'^X^i^ Q-tity. 
 
 SiT^-tt Q-tity. 
 
 £553, 903 
 
 CwU. 
 539, 297 
 517, 880 
 
 £447, 107 
 
 Cwls. 
 731, 003 
 02 ', 020 
 
 21, 417 
 
 110, 473 
 
 Computed 
 real value. 
 
 £012, 290 
 
 Total quantity and value of the juto imported into the United 
 Kingdom . . 
 
 Total (luanlitv of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there 
 and in the district. 
 
 1857. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Cwts. 
 C18, 833 
 480, 840 
 
 Dalance left for consumption elsewhere orexport. 
 
 131, 903 
 
 Comput<?d 
 real value. 
 
 1858. 
 
 Q-»t''>- s?:;/:J 
 
 £040, 336 
 
 CwU. 
 738, 085 
 001, 720 
 
 £019, 008 
 
 130, 305 
 
 
 1850. 
 
 1800. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Computed 
 real value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Computed 
 real valne. 
 
 Total quantity and value of the jute imported into the United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Total quantity of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there 
 and in the district 
 
 Cwta. 
 1, 001, 288 
 70S, 100 
 
 £700, 383 
 
 Cw'-s. 
 810, 787 
 730, 300 
 
 £660, 913 
 
 nnhincc left for consumption elsewhere or export 
 
 
 
 203, 188 
 
 
 77, 487 
 
 
 
 
U. S Consul McBougaWs Report on Oils and Jute at Dumlec. C33 
 
 
 1801. 1 1802. 
 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 ""Z^^ «"''""'>•• 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 Total quantity and valuo of Juto importod into tbo TJnited 
 Kingdom 
 
 Total quantity and value of Jute exported from tlio United 
 Kinguom 
 
 Cwis. 
 904, 002 
 80,071 
 
 ! 
 
 ! Cwts. 
 
 £709,801 i 0011,774 
 
 08,490 1 14,^00 
 
 £030, 034 
 110,580 
 
 
 Leaving in the United Kingdom ... 
 
 817, 121 
 714, a20 
 
 041 471 : 84!) U75 1 S90 (I4S 1 
 
 Total quantity of jute imported into Dundee, eonsumed tlioro 
 and in the district .... 
 
 70.') 540 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Lialance left for consumption in other places of tho United 
 
 102,801 
 
 83,805 
 
 
 • 1 1 
 
 Total quantity and value of juto imported iuto tlio United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Total (juantity and valuo of jute exported from tho United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Leaving in the United Kingdom 
 
 Total (luautity of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there 
 and in the district 
 
 Ualanee left for consumption in other places of tlio United 
 Kingdom, or for exiiort next year 
 
 1863. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Cwts. 
 1,223,033 
 105, 034 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 £1, 525, 900 
 200, 352 
 
 1804. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 Cwti. 
 2, 024, 537 
 270, 0»0 I 
 
 £2, 192, 408 
 292, 598 
 
 1, 057, 3M 
 030, COO 
 
 117, 739 
 
 1,310,044 i 1,704,447! 1,899, UOU 
 I 1,128,080 I 
 
 620, 367 i . 
 
 1865. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Total (luontity and value of jute imported into tho United 
 Kingdom .. . 
 
 Total quantity and valuo of jute exported from the United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Cwtt. 
 2, 108, 942 
 417, 981 
 
 Leaving in the United Kingdom | 1, 090, 901 
 
 Total quantity of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there I 
 and in the district. ' 1,434,040 
 
 Ualanee left for consumption in other places of tho United 
 Kingdom, or for export next year 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 1866. 
 
 Quantity. Comjjute-i 
 
 £1, 774, 002 
 351,801 
 
 Cwta. [ 
 1,625,003 £1,470,244 
 410,352 I 378,180 
 
 1,423,191 1 1,209,551 , 1,008,058 
 
 1 1 
 I 1,043,580 I 
 
 250,921 
 
 165, 071 
 
 1867. 
 
 1868. 
 
 j Quantity. 
 
 Cwts. 
 Total quantity and valuo of juto imported into tho United 
 
 Kingdom ' 1,582,611 
 
 Total quantity and valuo of jute exported from tho United i 
 
 Kingdom... 366,793 
 
 ^';Xe.'''^Q'-'"J- 
 
 j Cuts. 
 £1, 414, 321 ; 2, 182, 521 
 327,057 i 415,200 
 
 Leaving in tho United Kingdom I 1,215,818 1 1,087,264' 1,707,255 
 
 Total quantity of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there I I 
 
 and in the district I 1,273,440 j 1 1,109,480 
 
 Balance left for consumption in other places of tho United 
 Kingdom, or for export next year 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 £1,936,230 I 
 
 I 
 
 368,549 , 
 
 1,507,681 
 
 *57, 622 
 
 597, 775 
 
 • Taken from previous year's stock left 
 
634 U. S. Consul McDougaWs Eeport on Oils and Jute at Dundee. 
 
 Total quautity and valuo of Juto iinpoi'tcd into tlio United 
 jd< 
 
 Total quantity and valuo of Jute exported from the United 
 • ;d( 
 
 Kingdom . 
 
 Total quant 
 
 Kingdom. 
 
 I^eaving in tlio United Kingdom 
 
 Total quantity of juto imported into Dundee, vonsumcd there 
 and in the district 
 
 Balance left for consumption in other places of the United 
 Kingdom, or for export next year 
 
 Total quaotity and value of jute imported into the United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Total quautity and value of Jute exported from tho United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Leaving in tho United Kingdom 
 
 Total quantity of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there 
 and in tlie district 
 
 1860. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Cwti. 
 2, 407, 817 
 4ia, 1)52 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 £2, 143, 100 
 358, 758 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Cwla. 
 2, 370, flOU 
 425, 712 
 
 2,0,')3,805 ! 1,784,342 1 1,050,1178 
 
 1, 047, 580 
 
 406,285 
 
 1, 034, 800 
 
 310, 178 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 £2, 320, 010 
 410, 813 
 
 1,010,007 
 
 1871. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Cwta. 
 3, 45- 20 
 57.-), 177 
 
 Ralnnce left for consumption in other places of tho United 
 Kingdom, or for export next year 
 
 2, 878, 043 
 2, 050, 880 
 
 Computed 
 value. 
 
 £3, 720, 735 
 650,431 
 
 3, 070, 304 
 
 822, 003 
 
 1872. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Ctots. 
 4, 041, 018 
 755, 120 
 
 3, 28,"), 808 
 2, 543, 800 
 
 742, 008 
 
 Declared 
 value. 
 
 a: 054,008 
 724, 050 
 
 3, 230, 030 
 
 Total mumtity and value of jute imported into the United 
 Kingdom . .. 
 
 Total quantity and value of jute exported from tho United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Leaving in the United Kingdom 
 
 Total quantity of juto impoi'ted into Dundee, consumed there 
 and in tho district 
 
 Balance left for conauniption in other places of the United 
 Kingdom, or for export next year 
 
 1873. 
 
 1874. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Owts. 
 4, 024, 018 
 700, 344 
 
 3, 834, 574 
 2, 803, 000 
 
 071. 574 
 
 Dci'lared 
 value. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 £3, 010, 080 
 040, 880 
 
 CwU. 
 4, 270, 104 
 710, 031 
 
 2, 970, 100 I 3, 553, 533 
 2,347,500 
 
 1, 200, C33 
 
 Declared 
 value. 
 
 £3, 553, 170 
 003, 010 
 
 2, 940, 500 
 
 1875. 
 
 Quautity. | »«« 
 
 ' Cwts. 
 Total quantity and valuo of jute imported into the United ' ' 
 
 Kingdom 3,410,017 £2,575,512 
 
 Total quantity and value of jute exported from the United 
 Kingdom 
 
 Leaving in tho United Kingdom 
 
 Total (juantitv of jute imported into Dundee, consumed there 
 and in the district 
 
 1, 050, 380 
 
 708, 140 
 
 2, 300, 228 1, 777, 3G0 
 2,278,600 I 
 
 Balance left for consumption in other places of tho United i 
 
 Kingdom, or for export next year j 87, 628 . 
 
 1870. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 CivU. 
 3, 825, 259 
 033, 007 
 
 2, 801,. 502 
 2, 371, 420 
 
 520, 172 
 
 Dechxrcd 
 value. 
 
 £2, 81)4, 597 
 704, 904 
 
 2, 009, 093 
 
IJ S. Consul McDougaWs licport on Oils and Jute at Dundee. GUi) 
 Quantity and value of Jute manufactures exported from the United Kimjdom. 
 
 Year, 
 
 Yarn. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Poundn. 
 
 18(il I 7,047,217 
 
 18Cii 0,01.5,882 
 
 1863 1 7,:«)1,H^ 
 
 1804 5,4it7,00:{ 
 
 1865 1 4,944,230 
 
 18()() 7,701,391 
 
 1867 7,520,911 
 
 1808. ' ^ 
 
 1809. 
 
 1870. 
 
 1871. 
 
 1872. 
 
 8, 108, 101 
 
 8,041,082 
 
 12, 609, 948 
 
 13,710,9,57 
 
 12,71.5,909 
 
 1873 12,203,805 
 
 1874 15,724,988 
 
 1875 15,942,018 
 
 1876 1 16,709.239 
 
 Declared 
 value. 
 
 £85,126 
 9(i, l!-,2 
 154,018 
 114, .503 
 82, 141 
 128,704 
 117,028 
 120, 045 
 12(i, 091 
 190, 465 
 262, 057 
 201,239 
 2(M), 521 
 245,784 
 225, 836 
 226, 813 
 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Quiiutily. 
 
 Yards. 
 
 6, 519, 253 
 
 6,959,189 
 
 11,034,412 
 
 13,910,717 
 
 15, 400, 4,59 
 
 19, 394, 926 
 
 20,74.5,187 
 
 43, 081, 332 
 
 CO, 127, 8.53 
 
 .51,920,808 
 
 62, 310, 463 
 
 84,452,4.57 
 
 95, 935, 108 
 
 112,810,415 
 
 101, 105, 579 
 
 120,813,966 
 
 Declared 
 vuluo. 
 
 £127,031 
 
 133, 149 
 
 243, 379 
 
 350, 7()4 
 
 311,540 
 
 301,8.57 
 
 455, 396 
 
 706, 966 
 
 742, 801 
 
 789, 0.57 
 
 1,026,759 
 
 1, 486, 484 
 
 1,. 590, 850 
 
 1, 079, 70(i 
 
 1,404,997 
 
 1,5.58,250 
 
 liugH, 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Declared 
 value. 
 
 DozeiiH. 
 
 642, 848 
 
 802, 095 
 
 894. 436 
 
 971,871 
 
 1, 1.37, 862 
 
 l,2y0,<)77 
 
 1,675,321 
 
 2, 144, r,93 
 
 2, 375, 865 
 
 2, 477, 334 
 
 2,897,676 
 
 3, (i85, 092 
 
 4,430,418 
 
 4,700,7.59 
 
 3,680,073 
 
 4,020,211 
 
 £307, 583 
 
 388,724 
 
 555,282 
 
 749, 422 
 
 690, 291 
 
 681, 445 
 
 751,369 
 
 800, .543 
 
 94(i, 378 
 
 913, 042 
 
 1,206,021 
 
 1.627,026 
 
 1,913,153 
 
 1 , 7r(>, 002 
 
 1,264,308 
 
 1,211,728 
 
 By far the largest proportion of tliese exports are manufactured in Dundee 
 and district, and it must be remembered that these figures do not include the 
 home-trade consumption, which is very large indeed. 
 
 The next table gives an estimate of the jute consumption in manufacture in 
 Dundee alone in the years named : 
 
 Tons. 
 
 In 1836 300 
 
 In 184G 9, 200 
 
 In 185G 31,000 
 
 In 1800 50, 000 
 
 In 1873 130, 793 
 
 The great expansion of the jute trade has benefited the varied interests of 
 this town, the harbor finances being considerably augmented within the last ten 
 years by the direct importation of jute during that period. The increased rev- ' 
 enue thus derived has i)laced the Harbor-Commissioners in a position to expend a 
 large amount of money in making the docks and the entrance thereto suitable 
 for the entry of the largest vessels into this port, and in building warehouses 
 and providing every facility for the discharge of the jute cargoes ; in fact, every- 
 thing has been done to encourage this direct trade with India. The statement 
 below furnishes evidence that the improvements on the harb(«- an<l the ample 
 
Tll p « — ■•^,1 ^«\ 
 
 f)3G U. S. Consul McDougalVs Report on Oils ami Jttte at Dundee. 
 
 dock accoininodation whicli has been opened up in late ycjira have had a i)ow- 
 
 erfiil infiuence in fostering the direct importation of jnte, whicli took a sudden 
 
 start in 186,3, the effect indubitably of the healthy state of the trade in that 
 
 year. I may mention here that all the American vessels that come into this port 
 
 bring jute cargoes : 
 
 Jute vessels arrived in Dundee. 
 
 Year. 
 
 ISliO 
 
 I8(il 
 
 18G2 
 
 181)3 
 
 1804 
 
 1865 
 
 IBGC... 
 
 18(57 
 
 1368 
 
 18CD. 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 187:5 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 (to September 3) 
 
 Number «i" 
 
 vessels. 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 8 
 15 
 10 
 
 5 
 10 
 
 5 
 28 
 26 
 57 
 77 
 81 
 
 62 
 62 
 63 
 44 
 
 Registered 
 touiiage. 
 
 IJiiles. 
 
 576 
 576 
 
 7,778 
 12,735 
 11,489 
 
 4,990 
 11,080 
 
 5, 960 
 ^9. 552 
 30, 317 
 69, 690 
 94,4.')0 
 101, 446 
 
 77, 401 
 83, 252 
 87,540 
 00, 171 
 
 850 
 
 207, 208 
 473, 097 
 649,677 
 709, 871 
 
 523, 197 
 573, 230 
 582,249 
 401,802 
 
 As showing how much the harbor revenue has increased by the wise policy 
 referred to adopted by the commissioners, I submit this list : 
 
 Harbor dues of Dundee, Scotland. 
 
 In 1821 ^«.00« 
 
 111 1841 18,443 
 
 Iul858 25,420 
 
 Iul868 32,321 
 
 Inl873 44,000 
 
 1111875 45,234 
 
 The next two statements show the increase in ])opulatiou and value rent of 
 real property in Dundee in the years given, chiefly the result of the great develop- 
 ment of the jute trade: 
 
 Population of Dundee. 
 
 lulBOl 27,396 
 
 1841 04,629 
 
 1661 91,511 
 
 1871 118,977 
 
 Value rent of real property in Dundee. 
 
 In 1858 £194,690 
 
 1868 368,734 
 
 1873 491,151 
 
 1875-'76 572,168 
 
 -; i^,i-r;'jr-j«^-..^ 
 
U. S. Consul McDouyaWs lieport on Oils and Jute at Dundee. G37 
 
 The facts and figures I have given clearly indicate that the jute trade within 
 the last thirty or forty years has advanced to bo a most valuable branch of in- 
 dustry in this country, and also that this trade has contributed not a little to the 
 commercial importance of the nation. It has been shown that the trade lias been 
 stagnant here for the past three years, but it is thought at last the prospects of 
 the trade are beginning to look brighter; prices are better and firm, inquiries 
 having been more active during the last month. It is averred, however, that this 
 improvement is not tangible, but created by speculation on the market, and that 
 this fictitious demand will likely soon pass over and leave the business as lifeless 
 as before. This belief, however, is not universal, as one small jute work which 
 has been stopped has been started again last week, and it is rumored that i)ortionH 
 of the idle machinery in the jute factories that are working have been recently 
 set agoing. 
 
 Advices from America of the restoration of mercantile confidence and soun<l 
 trade, it is believed, will be the commencement of good trade for Dundee, seeing 
 the connection it has with the United States, and this is adduced as a reason for 
 setting the closed works and idle machinery again in motion. I tnist, for the 
 mutual welfare of both countries, these hopes may bo fully realized. 
 I am, sir, your obedient servant, 
 
 MATTHEW MoDOUGALL, 
 
 Consul, 
 Hon. F. W. Seward, 
 
 Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. 
 
 ..r J.. .^^^'J^.T ■■ ^■./.i.-^Jli-.i .ll.l.t I. . >V 
 
IIVDEX. 
 
 AKloo.gpal, 137, ir.l, ira, U'A). 
 
 Ail-loo-la (Cro/,i..r), 108, Srif), ST)?, 397, 40«, 415, 
 
 4liO, r.H!)-r)!)4, (ifX). 
 Ak-koo-lcp (Conimitti-e Bay), sea of, 252, 204, 
 
 :u(i, :w:!. 
 Alien, William. Ltilti-r to Tlionias Peiin lor tho 
 
 Philadelphia Antic Kxiiloration of 1752, xli, 
 
 xlii. 
 Anicrican P^xpcditioim for the Northwest Pas- 
 
 Hagc, xxxix-xlv; for the ri^lief of Frankliu, 
 
 xiii, xxxi, xxxiv. 
 Amherst. Island vi.sited, 349. 
 Amitoke, Hall's visit to, 2!K). 
 AnnisementH, Innnit, 95, 9(!, 218. 
 An^ell, R., invites Hall to leetnre, 24. 
 Ankoofing practiced, 03,82,92, 101, 102, 112, 117, 
 144, 188, 242-244, 248, 2(10, 282, 303, 3(53, 591, 
 (iOl. 
 Andromeda Tt^trngona, (i5, 178, 42ti. 
 Antoine hired by Hall, 325 ; diHcharged, 362. 
 Anthony, Hon. H. B., invites Hall to leetnre, 24. 
 Ar-ela, a strange animal reported, 105. 
 Arctic anthoritles. Tables of 1818-18C0, xlvi-l. 
 Argo, the voyages of, in 1753 and 1754, xxxix- 
 
 xliii. 
 Ar-mou, ()3, (54, 84, 99, 10.5, 142, 208, 214, 224 ; his 
 
 map, 225; 238. 
 A>-loo-a, 03, 80, 99, 101, 105, 150, 107; his death, 
 
 215. 
 Ar-tung-uii, 301; hnng by his son, 365; conver- 
 sations with, 598-605. 
 Ar-row-tars, 1:>5. 
 Angusta Island, 388. 
 Anroras, 83, 131, 1(!7, 204,229-233, 3(iC. 
 
 Baclio, A. D., Superintendent U. S. Coast Sur- 
 vey. Letter to Hall quoted, 35; 41. 
 Battin's, W., discoveries discredited, xxxviii. 
 
 Baker, Captain, 319. 
 
 BaiTow, Sir .John, on tlu( value of Arctic ex- 
 plorations, xxxvi. 
 
 Barrow's, Mr. .lohn, letter to Hall, 13. 
 
 Bayne, Peter, hired by Hall, 314; 32.'). 
 
 Bartlctt, Hon. .F. R., invites Hall to lecture, 24. 
 
 Beacon Hill, records deposited at, 237,208,280, 
 287, 318, M25, 424. 
 
 Bears, Polar, captured, .nO-.^S, 7(i ; tra<ks of. Hit, 
 l.'')7; Oh-v UCh stories of, 104, 142; traditional 
 story of, 240; shot by ,Ioe and Hall on 
 Whale Point, 430. 
 
 Becher, A. B., Commander, R, N., letter, 11,13. 
 
 Bcekman, .1. W., assists Hall, 41. 
 
 Biglow, .John, assists Hall, 38. 
 
 Bishop, Hon. R. M., indorses Hall's appeal, 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Bliss & Co. lussist Hall, 41. 
 
 Blunt, Messrs., assist Hall, 41. 
 
 Bolby, Mr. .Fohn, tiikes .)oe and Hannah to 
 England, 443. 
 
 Boston, reported voyage from, for Northwest 
 Passage in 1(;39, xliv. 
 
 Brevoort, J. C, loans his correspondence with 
 Hall, xli ; loans Hall his books, 14 ; assists 
 Hall, 41 ; estimate of Hall's character, 432. 
 
 Brevoort River, 342. 
 
 Bryan, R. W. D., Assistant in preparation of 
 the Narrative ; prepares Hall's astronomical 
 observations, 03, AWi ; prepares Hall's mete- 
 orological journal, 47l». 
 
 Budington, Capt. .Tames, rescues the Resolute, 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Budington, Capt. S. O., takes charge of Ebier- 
 bing andToo-koo-li-too,4 ; encourages Hall, 
 27 ; brings Kud-hip-pa-mu-ne and Ou-nc-yong 
 to the United States, 447. 
 
 Burr, A. W.. assists Hall, 41. 
 
 639 
 
-^^'^Tn " 
 
 640 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 C':ip(! KiiKlcficld, 348, 349. 
 
 Capo FiiKi<l, 207. 
 
 Ciijit' Fullcrtoii, 13i). 
 
 Ciipc Liuly P(:lly. •252,262,264,316,383. 
 
 Ciip(! Wfyuton, yi'.';, 261, 313,318,384,411. 
 
 Chapt'll, R. li., of Now London, loccivrs IlaU'H 
 
 plans, 28; lotter to Hall on whaling, 34; 
 
 gives free passage ou board the Monticello, 
 
 42. 
 Chapel, Capt. C. A., commands th(! Monticello, 
 
 43; Hall's letter to, 61, 76,107, ll.'S; letter 
 
 to Hall, lid. 
 Chapel, Capt. H. Y., conveys Hall to Whale 
 
 Point, 59. 
 Chase, Hon. S. 1'., indorses Hall's appe.-O, 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Chester, H. C, mate of the Monticello, 50; 
 lands Hall at Whale Point, ;"9. 
 
 Christie Lake, 241, 267, 315, 380. 
 
 Chronometers, 41, 142,238, 279,366; correction 
 of, 380-382 ; 385. 
 
 Cliff at Now-yaru Harbor, tradition iu regard 
 to, 222. 
 
 Coast Survey, U. S., loans a sextant and dip- 
 circle, 41. 
 
 Colden, Cadwalader, letter from Dr. Franklin 
 for the Argo, 1753, xxxix. 
 
 Cold intense, 10!), 110, 127, 131, 140, 144, 146, 148, 
 150, 157, 161, 207, 295. 
 
 Coleman, Pat, hired, 325 ; shot by Hall, 360. 
 
 CoUinson, Admiral R., R. N., his "Three Voy- 
 ages of Frobisher," 12. 
 
 Congress of IT. S. purchaso Hall's manuscripts, 
 xi. 
 
 Cooper, Peter, assists Hall. 41. 
 
 Copp, .1. J., of Groton, 10, 445, 448; presents 
 Hall's geological collections to Amherst Col- 
 lege, 454. 
 
 Cracroft, Miss Sophia, receives a Franklin relic 
 from Morison & Brown, N. Y., in 1878, xxiii ; 
 returns books loaned by Hall to Lady Frank- 
 lin, .587. 
 
 Crane, William, jr., his visit to Hall from the 
 Era, 1867, 433. 
 
 Crozier, Capt. F. It. M. (Ag-loo-ka), R. N., xiv, 
 xxviii, xxxiii, xxxiv, 108,255-257,397,406, 
 415, 420, 589-594, 606. 
 
 Crozier River visited, 341. 
 
 Cud-lar-go's tombstone at Groton, 446. 
 
 Dall, W. II., hi.s a|>]dieation of the terms In- 
 nuits, Eskimo.s, and Orarians, 62, 448. 
 
 Daly, Judge C. P., president Amerienn Geo- 
 graphical Society, states the results of ex- 
 plorations for Northwest Pa.ssage, xxxiii; 
 assists Hall, 37; letter to, from Hall, 3(!7. 
 
 D6bri« aiid rocks on the ice, Hall's observations 
 of, compared with Parry's, 193-198. 
 
 De Haven, Lieutenant, U. S. N., expedition, xiii, 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Dennison, Hon. W., indorses Hall's appeal, xxv. 
 
 Depot Island, 56. 
 
 Diligences, the voyage of, from Virginia for 
 
 Northwest Passage iu 1772, xliv. 
 Dillon, Capt. P., presents La Perouse's relics 
 
 to Charles X, 5. 
 Dogs, Eskimo, 63, 86, 115, 122, 136, 163, 173, 184, 
 
 209, 226, 239, 247, 250, 251, 253,254, 279, 295, 
 
 299, 307, 336, 357, 379, 413. 
 Donations, list of, ackn'.wledged by Hall be- 
 fore sailing in 1864, 44. 
 Ducks, the Inuuit plan to capture, 103 ; largo 
 
 flocks, 133, 351. 
 Dyer, E., ex-govemor of Rhode Island, invites 
 
 Hall to lecture, 24. 
 
 Earthquake, supi>osed, 144. 
 
 Ebierbing (Joe) returns with Hall from his first 
 expedition, 4 ; sails from New London, 42 ; 
 shoots two polar bears, 51-53; meets the 
 Innuits, 62 ; builds Hall's igloo, 72 ; shaves 
 Hall, 75 ; is ankooted, 82, 92 ; kills a walrus, 
 103 ; shoots a seal, 129, 145 ; makes a speech, 
 149; kills a -walrus, 151; watches over a 
 seal-hole 154 ; kills <a seal and walrus, 15() ; 
 chasije i hv ar, 157 ; shoots an ook-gook, 161 ; 
 snow-^ •' 172; hunts with Hall, 202; goes 
 with Ha., to Colvile Bay, 2.37; rewards the 
 angeko, 248; buries his child, 265; hunts 
 th(s deer, 286 ; goes with Hall to Cape Weyn- 
 ton, 314 ; to Melville Peninsula, 335 ; digs 
 for the cache, 344 ; goes toward King Will- 
 iam's Land, 378 ; shoots a bear, 42'J ; notes 
 of his life, 441-446. 
 
 Eek-oo-ar-choo (Jerry), 332, 378, 408. 
 
 Eider-ducks, flocks of, in the Welcome, 133, 151. 
 
 Eggaet & Son assist Hall, 41. 
 
 Egleston, T., report ou Hall's geological collec- 
 tions, 10. 
 
 Emerson, Prof. B. K., Amherst College, discus- 
 sion of Hall's geological collection, 10; Ap- 
 pendix III, 553-,^>83. 
 
 E-nook-shoo-lik, encampment at, 274,279. 
 
 Ermine, 343. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 <j'41 
 
 77;A-/((-a')* Hnperatition, 110; tradition of Oo-oo- 
 
 took on rany'H sliij), 112. 
 E-vit-hhuHij bt'.ats tiic dogs, 183; consults " A'id- 
 
 m-y" lor tbn safoty of her children, 188. 
 Explorations for the Northwest Passage, tables 
 
 of English and American, xxvi-xxviii ; for 
 
 tho relief of Franklin, xxix-xxxii; results, 
 
 xxxiii, xxxviii. 
 
 Feasts, lunuit, 80, 90, 129, 214, 216, 369, 426, 428. 
 
 Field, C. \V., Hall's telegram to, 4 ; assists Hall, 
 41. 
 
 Fisher, Captain, 428. 
 
 P'loatsnsed by Ou-c-Ja in capturing a whale, 191. 
 
 "Fool's gold," Frobisher, 18. 
 
 Fox, Arctic, caught in his own trap, 88, 374. 
 
 Fox Channel, Oong-er-lu¥8 sketch of, 354. 
 
 Fort Hope of Dr. Rae, Hall arrives at, 192; 212, 
 223, 226. 
 
 Franklin, Sir John, voyage iu the Trent, xxvl ; 
 land expeditions, xxvii ; expedition of 1845, 
 xxviii ; death on the Erebus, (McClintock's 
 record,) xxxiii; relics of, xxiii ; monument 
 iu Waterloo Place, xxxiii ; in Westminster 
 Abbey, xxxiv. 
 
 Franklin, Lady, desires Hall to go a third time 
 for the records, xvi ; correspondence with 
 Hall through Mr. Grinnell iu 1869, xvii-xxiii ; 
 in 1865, 283 ; monument erected by her in 
 Westminster Abbey, xxxiv. 
 
 Franklin, Dr. Benjamin, letter to Cadwallader 
 Colden on tho expedition of 1753 in the 
 Argo, xxxix. 
 
 Frobisher, Sir Martin, sails to discover North- 
 west Passage, 7 ; Hall's abstract of his voy- 
 ages, 15-17 ; narrative of his voyages by 
 Collinsou, 12. 
 
 Frozen Strait of Middleton thought by Hall to 
 be never frozen, 185. 
 
 Furs, selection of, by the women first, 69. 
 
 Fury and Hecla Strait visited, 331-353. 
 
 Gales, 66, 79, 94, 127, 131, 136, 145, 150, 161, 176, 
 
 206, 238, 314, 324, 337, 379. 
 Game abundant, 178 ; on the journey from King 
 
 William's Land, 412. 
 Geographical Society, American, Hall's paper 
 
 read before, 8; letter to the President of, 
 
 m7. 
 
 Geographical Society, Royal, of London, re- 
 ceives relics from Hall, 10; paper read be- 
 fore, 13. 
 
 Geological collections from Hall's first expedi- 
 S. Ex. 27 41 
 
 Geological collections— Continued. 
 
 tion donated to New York Lyceum, reported 
 upon by Stevens and Egleston, 10; donated 
 to Amherst College and discussed by Pro- 
 iissor Emerson, Appendix III. 
 
 Gifford River visited, 3.")2. 
 
 Greenwood, Miles, receives a telegram from 
 Hall, 4. 
 
 Grinnell, H., loans his correspondence, xii ; let- 
 ter from Lady Franklin, xvii-xxi ; from 
 Hall, xxi ; his expeditions under De Haven 
 and Kauc, XXX, xxxi ; states the value of 
 Arctic explorations, xxxvii ; telegram from 
 Hall, 4; interview with Hall, 26-28; sends 
 supplies to him, 42, 28.3, 327. 
 
 Grinnell Lake, 342, 395. 
 
 Grotou, Conn., burial-place of Eskimos, 447. 
 
 Hall, Charles Francis, his three expeditions, xi ; 
 purchase of his manuscripts by the Navy 
 Department, xi ; resolution of U. S. Senate, 
 xii; his expeditions compared, xiii ; mo- 
 tives for the first two expeditions, xvi ; let- 
 ter from Lady Franklin to Mr. Grinnell, 
 xvii-xxi; replies, xxi-xxiii; appeal and 
 lee. are, 1860, xxiv ; notes of early voyages, 
 xxxix-xlv ; his Arctic authorities, xlvi-1. 
 
 Eeturns from his first expedition, 4 ; pro- 
 poses to visit England, 5 ; abstract of La 
 Perouse's voyage, 5, 6 ; again studies Arctic 
 authorities, 8; reads a paper before the 
 American Geographical Society, New York. 
 8; sends Frobisher relics to England, 8; cor- 
 responds with Barrow, Becher, and Mark- 
 ham, 11 ; his paper read at a meeting of the 
 Royal Geographical Society, London, 13; 
 abstract of the Frobisher expeditions, 15-17. 
 Lectures for his second expedition, 23-25 ; 
 asks aid from Congress, 25 ; interview with 
 Mr. Henry Grinut}), 26; private notes, 26; 
 plans submitted to Grinnell and Chapell, 
 28-32; correspondence auout whaling, 34; 
 letter to Professor Bache, 35 ; defers his voy- 
 age, 38; renews his appeal, 39; receives aid, 
 41 ; sails from New London, 42. 
 
 Sails from St. John's, 48; aids in captur- 
 ing two polar beai-s, 50-54 ; lands at Depot; 
 Island, 56; hires Rudolph, 57; arrives at 
 Whale Point, 59; makes a cache, 60 ; meets 
 tho Innuits, 62; second encampment, 63; 
 talks with natives about Franklin, (i4 ; re- 
 lieves the sullering, 66, 80 ; moves his tH/nk, 
 67; goes into winter qnai-tei-s, 75. 
 
642 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hall, Cliailfs Francis— Continued. 
 
 I'roposcH biH plans to tho people, 81 ; ac- 
 cuBtonisliimsolf to luuiiit custonis and food, 
 S2; builds a magnetic observatory, M ; finds 
 his ink frozen , 85 ; makes bis first sledge trips 
 witli tlio Innuits, 80, 89, 13;{ ; joins in tbeir 
 feasts, eO, 90, 1-29, 428, 432 ; bunts a seal, 93 ; 
 moves to the walrus grounds, 100; is au- 
 kooted,102; discbarges Kudolpb, 105; cor- 
 rects bis dates, 114 ; letter to Capt. E. A. 
 Cbapel, 107 ; receives supplies from tbe 
 wbalers, 115, 325 ; .joins in a walrus-bunt, 
 119-123. 
 
 Speecb on New Year's Day, 130; visits 
 tbe Monticello, 132 ; experiments witb freez- 
 ing mercury, 146; writes witji great diffi- 
 culty, 148, 150; goes out scaling, 152; suf- 
 fers for food, 155; renews bis supplies, 156; 
 proposes to survey the coast, 158; broken 
 liealtb, l.'^^9; .arrives at tbe Wager, 164. 
 
 Harpoons a seal, 168; .arrives at Re- 
 pulse Bay, 177; visits tbe wbaler Bl.ack 
 Eagle, 181; tbe Ansel Gibbs, 189; capt- 
 ures a -wbale, 190 ; encamps at Fort Hope, 
 192; bis notes on ddbris found on tbe ice, 
 193-198. 
 
 Hunts tbe deer, 202; severe exposures, 
 204-209; bis daily subsistence, 211; pre- 
 pares fur clotbing, 213 ; dresses entirely in 
 furs, 213; builds bis own i(jloo,2lt', life at 
 Now-yarn, 216-221; returns to Fort Hope, 
 223; bis control of Ar-moii and of the In- 
 nuits, 224, 432 ; meteorological notes during 
 tbe winter, 227-231. 
 
 First adviince toward King William's 
 Land, 237; deposits Lis records, 241; arrives 
 at tbe Sea of Ak-koo-lee, 252 ; meets Pelly 
 Bay men, 255 ; returns to Repulse Bay, 261 ; 
 buries Too-koo-li-too's babo, 266; journal 
 entry on bis return, 268. 
 
 Determines to biro wbite men for a sec- 
 ond advance, 260-274 ; meets Pelly Bay men 
 ' again, 275; furtbernews of Franklin's party, 
 27(i ; annoyances, 277 ; begins survey of Re- 
 pulse Bay, 279 ; visits the Pioneer and An- 
 sell Gibbs, 281; assists tbe wbalers, 285; 
 asks tbeir belp for men and dogs, 285 ; pre- 
 pares and sbips bis wb.alebone, 287; en- 
 camps near tbe sbips, 289 ; is refused a team 
 of dogs, 290. 
 
 Begins a jouniey to Ig-loo-lik, 295 ; sufler- 
 ings, 297-300 ; buys a team, 302; arrives at 
 
 Hall, Cbarbis Francis— Continueil. 
 
 Rei)ulse Bay, 309; is refused leave to biro 
 men, 309. 
 
 Visits bis cacbo at Capo Weynton,313; 
 makes a new cacbe, 318 ; goes on a nuisk-ox 
 bunt,319; makes x)urcba8es from tbe wbalers, 
 323; goes into winter quarters, 325; lures 
 five wbite men, 320. 
 
 Journey to tbe Strait of Fury and Hecla, 
 336 ; an'ives on tbe nortbwest side of Mel- 
 ville Peninsula, 342 ; discovers a new island, 
 343 ; finds a monument and a teuting-plac(\ 
 of wbite men, 344-346; visits Andierst Isl- 
 and, 349 ; Giflford River, 352; retunis to Re- 
 pulse Bay, 356 ; sboots a mutineer, 300 ; se- 
 cures a wbale, 363 ; journey to Lyon's lulet, 
 304; winter quarters at Tayoon,368; pre- 
 pares pemmican and ammunition for a final 
 sledge journey, 371. 
 
 Final journey to King William's Land, 
 379; arrives at Cape Weynton,384; at Au- 
 gusta Island, 388 ; at Simpson's Lake, 394 ; 
 at Todd's Island, 400 ; discovers the remains 
 of some of Franklin's men, 401-403 ; returns 
 to Repulse Bay, 409; goes on a musk-ox 
 hunt, 413; writes to Mr. Grinnell the results 
 of his journey to King William's Land, 415; 
 recovers his whalebone from the cache, 427 ; 
 leaves Repulse Bay, 428 ; hunts tbe bear at 
 Whale Point, 429 ; lands at New Bedford, 
 430 ; tribiites to his work, 431-437 ; astro- 
 nomical observations, 451-475 ; meterologi- 
 cal observations, 479-550; conversations 
 with Innuits, 587-011. 
 
 Harper Brothers assist Hall, 44 ; send tbe "Arc- 
 tic Researches" to Repulse Bay, 283. 
 
 Hayes, Hon. R. B., indorses Hall's appeal, xxv. 
 
 Haviland Bay, encamped on, 187 ; crossed, 337, 
 357, 304. 
 
 Herald, the New York, Hall writes to, 150. 
 
 Hooper Inlet visited, 341, 342. 
 
 Hoppner Inlet visited, 3.57. 
 
 /(/foo, construction of, 72; Hall's first, 75 ; lamp, 
 75; village, 128; built on sledge journey, 
 134; Hall's, at New-yarn, 214; feasting, 220. 
 
 Ig-loo-lik, Hall's journey to, 295-301. 
 
 In-nook-poo-zliec-jooVa account of Franklin's men, 
 397; map of King William's Land, 398; fur- 
 ther account of Franklin's men, 403; fight 
 with a musk-ox, 413 ; interview with Hall, 
 419,008. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 643 
 
 luniiits, liglit line of (lie temi, G'2; first met, tiii; 
 division of fiir.s, 69 ; fejiHts, 80, 9(1, :H)9 ; prep- 
 aratiun of fnr drcssoB, 91 ; aiiniseinciits, 95, 
 218, ;{69; 8npcr8titions,ill0,'277, 282, 286, 
 322; conversations with, C4, 108; orna- 
 ments, 219; Hall's control of, 225, 277, 4:J2. 
 
 Iwillik, 64, 95, 227, 324, 364, 369, 424. 
 
 Journal of Commerce, Hall's letters to, 156, 587. 
 JcfFries, Captain of the George and Mary, 115. 
 
 Kane, Dr., voyage S., xxx,xxxi. 
 Key-low-tik, playing on, 96, 129. 
 Ki-as or kyaks of Repulse Bay compared with 
 
 those of Greenland, 216. 
 Kilmer, Captain, 65,189,285,319. 
 King William's Land (Ei-ki-fuk), first advance 
 
 to, 237 ; return from, 261 ; sledge journey to, 
 
 377; return, 409. 
 Kin-na-pa-toos, 171 ; their dogs, 239. 
 Knight and Barlow, expedition of, 56. 
 Hobbig and Titng-nuk'a Franklin relics, 391. 
 Koo-loo-a takes Hall to the cache on Melville 
 
 Peninsula, 341; his report of the white 
 
 men, 596. 
 Eok-lee-arng-nun'a relics and stories of Frank- 
 lin's men, 255; hung by his son, 277. 
 Kmn-mmuj (half tents), 169, 171, 174. 
 Kmo (walrus hide), 136,389; sled made of, 305, 
 
 307, 309. 
 
 Leonard or Lailor, Frank, xxii, 295, 314, 319, 
 
 325, 336, 345, 362. 
 La Perouse, expedition of, 5. 
 Leach, U. S. Consul, assists Hall, 47. 
 Lefferts Marshall assists Hall, 41. 
 Lightning and thunder storm, 181 ; Innuit no- 
 tions of, 182, 187. 
 Lyon's Inlet, journey to, 364. 
 
 Mamr-mark, 128, 226, 245; death, 321. 
 
 Man-line (rue-raddiea), 246, 373. 
 
 Marble Island, 55, 59, 139, 143. 
 
 Murkham, C. R., on the use of tfil in the manu- 
 facture of jute, 618. 
 
 Marmots {Sixieg), 263,412. 
 
 McClintock, Sir Leopold F., brings the Frank- 
 lin Record from Point Victory, xxxiii ; let- 
 ter in regard to Arctic explorations, xxxiv. 
 
 McDougall, U. S. Consul at Dundee ; report of 
 the whale fishery and jute, Appendix V, 
 619. 
 
 Mercury, experiments with, 146. 
 
 Meteorological .Journal, Appendix II, 479-.'')43; 
 
 special observations, 94, 227-231, 3(i6. 
 Monticello sails froiii NciW London, 42 ; from St. 
 
 John's, 48 ; passage through Hudson Straits, 
 
 .';5. 
 Monument found by Hall, with tenting-place, 
 
 on Melville Peninsula, 344-347. 
 Morgan, Captain, 283,285. 
 Morison & Brown, exjiedition for the Fr.anklin 
 
 Records, xxiii. 
 Mosquitoes, 75, 322, 426. 
 Muktak relished by Hall, 72, 81, 214, 225, 314. 
 Murchison River, 395. 
 Musk oxen, 76, 86, 319, 413. 
 
 Narcs, Sir George, ou Hall's observations. 
 Navy Department purchase Hall's manuscripts, 
 
 xi. 
 Negus & Co. assist Hall, 41. 
 Newton, Prof. R. S., M. D., assists Hall, 41. 
 New London, Hall sails from, xiii, 42. 
 New Year's Day feast and speech, 128. 
 Noodloo's sketch of Murray Maxwell Inlet, 351. 
 Noo-wook,63, 142. 
 Nordenskiold's coast-line, xxxix. 
 Norton, Silas, 314. 
 
 Norman and Neebarbic Creeks visited, 365. 
 North Pole River and Lake, 192, 279. 
 Nordhotr, C, assists Hall while preparing his 
 
 "Arctic Researches," 44. 
 Now-yarn,214,221. 
 Nu-kcr-zlioo (Jack), 63, 105, 152, 168, ttt'S, 394, 421. 
 
 Oog-la-ri-yonr Island, camped on, 179, 221, 280. 
 
 Oo-glit Islands, 299, 338, 350. 
 
 Oo-oo-took on Parry's ship, 112. 
 
 Ook-gook caught, 161, 181 ; liutis made from, 181. 
 
 Ook-joo-Uk (O'Reilly Island), 257, 400, 418. 
 
 Oon-ijer-luk'8 sketch of Fox Chanuel, 354 ; of Ad- 
 miralty Inlet, 356. 
 
 Osborn, Admiral Sherard, the value of Arctic 
 exploration, xxxvi. 
 
 Ook-bar-loo, 65, 67, 590, 592, 594. 
 
 Ook-bar-loo (the son), 99. 
 
 Ok-2Ms, 49. 
 
 Orarians, use of the term, 62. 
 
 Ou-Ug-buck, 66. 
 
 Ou-c-la, the chief of the tribe, 62, 86, 99, 103, 104, 
 105, 118, 138, 142, 160, 162, 167, 170, 178, 1!K), 
 225; his map, 278; 300,309,370,394,432. 
 
 Papa-im-a goes with Hall to Melville Penin- 
 sula, 336 ; sketch of Lyon's Inlet, 364 ; of 
 Pond's Bay, 370. 
 
 I'^^rntirYiitRfl-af^nl 
 
 
v^tr-riitfj^^^tlf., J , u|y,,jif fiHf ^ijHpf|Lfqiu^^^|,qi,u^^yif^i«i-4itT 
 
 644 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pailielin,208,2'12. 
 
 Parry's tlug-Btatt', place of, visited, 305. 
 PeffiT River, 4(11. 
 Peto, the, 295. 
 Petiilarks, 49. 
 
 Pelly Bay natives' accounts of Franklin, 255; 
 frighten Hall's party, 260. 
 Penimican, Hall's, 372; Dr. Kichardson's, 372. 
 Pingit-ka-lik, 307. 
 
 Pitik-toii-yet; heights of, 280; mouunicuts, 281. 
 Pike A^ Son assist Hall, 41. 
 Poillon, Messrs., assist Hall, .S7. 
 Ptarmigan, 71,76,210,341,412. 
 Punna (Sylvia), 378, 445, 447. 
 
 Quilliam Creek, 341. 
 
 Kae, '>.. .John, continns Hall's statements, 13. 
 
 Ra.iiMorms, 182, 187,321. 
 
 Refraction, 179, 207. 
 
 Reindeer (<«fc-/oo), 63, 70, 76, 87, 172, 178, 181, 204, 
 
 251,286,319,327,341,413. 
 Repulse Bay, arrives at, 171. 
 Ross Bay, 296. 
 
 Robinson, Captain, assists Hall, 37. 
 Rodman, Maj. W. M., invites Hall to lecture, 24. 
 Rogers, Captain, assists Hall, 11.5. 
 
 Salmon, 164, 210, 342, 358, 424. 
 Sargent, Hon. A. A. ; resolution in thelJ. S. Sen- 
 ate to prepare a Narrative of Hall's Second 
 
 Expedition, xii. 
 Saxifrage, the, 178, 426. 
 Schwatka, Lieutenant, U. S. A., goes out for the 
 
 Franklin records, xxiii. 
 Seals, 49, 90, 93, 145, 149, 152, 156, 160, 161, 168, 
 
 170, 171, 172, 279, 303, 352, 396. 
 See-pung-er, careless with his gun, 274 ; story of 
 
 the monument, 276. 
 Sears, President of Brown University, invites 
 
 Hall to lecture, 24. 
 Ships Harbor Islands, survey by Hall, 321. 
 Shoo-she-ark-nook, 67, 144 ; death of, 186. 
 Sillimau, Professor, invites Hull to lecture, 24. 
 Simpson's Lake, 394. 
 Sledge journeys, 85, 69, 105, 132, 239, 279, 293, 314, 
 
 336, 364, 378. 
 
 Sleds, Eskimo, 65,230,:W9. 
 
 Smitli, Governor J. Y. , invites Hall to lecture, 24. 
 
 Snow-drifts, appearance of, compared with the 
 
 aurora, 72; difficulty in determining their 
 
 average depth, 227. 
 Spermin. J. S., 325. 
 St. John's, N. F., sailed from, 48. 
 Stackpolo & Bro. assist Hall, 41. 
 Stephenson, Capt. R. N., visits Hall's grave, 
 
 437. 
 Storrs, Dr. R., invites Hall to lecture, 39. 
 Stevens, I. A., assists Hall, 41. 
 Stevens, R. P., report on geological collections, 
 
 10, 553. 
 Starvation driven off, 149, 156. 
 
 Tagliabue & Co. assist Hall, 41. 
 
 Talloon, 357, 364, 368, 423, 426. 
 
 Tern Island visited, 303. 
 
 Temperatures, 79, 82, 86, 94, 103, 116, 127, 131, 
 
 137, 140, 146, 150, 156, 161,207,267,298,322, 
 
 410, 425. 
 Tides in the Welcome, 162. 
 Time, how to detenuine, at the Pole, 141. 
 Tu-kee-li-ke-ta, 10, 447. 
 Too-koo-li-too. (See Ebierbing.) 
 Todd's Island visited, 400. 
 Tupiks (skill tents), 65, 69. 
 Tyson, Capt. G. E., of the Antelope, 115 ; of the 
 
 Era, 1867, 323. 
 
 Victoria Queen, Hall desires to present the 
 Frobisher relics to, 7 ; Hannah and Joe pre- 
 sented to, 443. 
 
 Voyages, early American, for the Northwest Pas- 
 ), xxxix-xlv. 
 
 Wager, the, encamped on, 164. 
 Walrus, 50, 76, 103, 118, 151, 156, 325. 
 Ward, Augustus, gives Hall a chronometer, 41. 
 Welcome, Rowe's, 61 ; tides in, 162. 
 Whales, 65, 190, 286, 363, 428. 
 White, Captain, of the Black Eagle, 115. 
 Wolves attack dogs, 247 ; tradition of taming, 
 239; 290,341. 
 
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