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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmto k des taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichA, il est film* A partir de Tangle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche it droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 t 3 1 t t 4 t 6 ll .mu(;)'){l^ ' VtfHlT: . ' * /;- y^ 4- * "r^ ■ Hf* : "^ • ii ;*.*-^- ife' .- -1 u:r£Q :2 ULii LiAanLu'ri^iH; 1*1 /tn; '■^'%\ '^"Nn •« • ^"4 vVyw N\ >N\\\\ N \ I A ^vvsNs^ ; c { U (^ -s 0\ o* ^^^m >^'"> u HOXOBICiJ.; B^^OBS^; • _ 'I ^ ~H //■ GENERAL ORDERS. HORSE-GUARDS, 1st Janttary, 1836. His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of doing the fullest justice to Regi- ments, as well as to Individuals who have dis- tinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British Army shall be pub- lished under the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General ; and that this Account shall contain the following particulars, viz. : — The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of the Regiment ; The Stations at which it has been from time to time employed ; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any Achieve- ment it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. The Names of the Officers, and the number of Non-Com missioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the place and Date of the Action. / / 11 GENERAL ORDERS. The Names of those Officers who, in con- sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have heen distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com- missioned Officers, and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. And, — ■_ — The Badges and Devices which the Regi- ment may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. By Command of the Right Honorable GENERAL LORD HILL, Commanding-in- Chief. John Macdonald, Adjutant- General. ( iii ) PREFACE. The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct o^ those who have preceded him in their honorable car 3er, are among the motives that have given rise to the present publication. The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the " London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute a 2 tv PREFACE. of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the Com- manders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery ; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most highly prizes. It has not} however, until late years, been the prac- tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) for British Begiments to keep regular records of their services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain- ing, particularly from the old Regiments, an au- thentic account of their origin and subsequent services. This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and privations whir h chequer the career of those who embtace the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these pur8uits*^have, for so PREFACE. long a period, being undisturbed by the presence of wary which few other countries have escaped, com- paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or no interval of repose. In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country derives from the industry and the enter- prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties ; and their character has been established in Continental warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in spite of the most fci'niidable opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main- tained their advantages against superior numbers. In the official Reports made by the respective Com- manders, ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of individual r VI PREFACE. bravery can only be fully given in the Anr .als of the various Regiments. These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can- not fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and information to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit de Corps — an attachment to everything belonging to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood ** firm as the rocks of their native shore :" and when half the world has been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with un- shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in war, — victories so complete and sur- prising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers. PREFACE. tH our fellow citizens in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, — will certainly prove acceptable to the public. Biographical Memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify- ing the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num- ber, so that when the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. INTRODUCTION TO THE INFANTRY. The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority of the British troops over those of other countries has been evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History con- tains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is Intrepidity. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England when their country was invaded by Julius Csesar with a Roman army, on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they de- scended from their ships ; and, although their dis- cipline and arms were inferior to those of their adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, in- cluding Caesar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to tlie X INTRODUCTION axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, however, unavailing against Caesar's legions : in the course of time a military system, with dis- cipline and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full development of the national character followed, and it shone forth in all its native brilliancy. The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords and spears ; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and javelins. The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Intro- duction to the Cavalry) almost entirely of horse ; but when the warlike barons and knights, with their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a pro- portion '^f men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior degree, they proved stout- liearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipen- diary troops were employed, infantry always con- stituted a considerable portion of the military force ; TO THE INFANTRY. XI m and this ar,:.2 has since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, that it was almost impossible to slay them. The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries ; and, owing to the inconvenient construction and im- perfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable acqui- sition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. During a great part of the reign of Queen Eliza- beth each company of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways ; in every hundred men forty were *^ 7nen-at-arin,s" and sixty *\s/iot ;'* the " men-at-arms' were ten halberdiers, or buttle- axe men, and thirty pikemen ; and the " shot" were twenty archers, twenty nuisketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his ])rincipHl weapon, a sword and dagger. XJl INTRODUCTION. Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 to 300 men ; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation re- commended by an English military writer (Sir John Smithe) in 1590 was : — the colour in the centre of the company guarded by the halberdiers ; the pike- men in equal proportions, on each flank of the halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank of the pikes ; half the archers on each flank of the mus- keteers, and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the company for skirmish- ing.* It was customary to unite a number of com- panies into one body, called a Begiment, which frequently amounted to three thousand men: but each company continued to carry a colour. Nume- rous improvements were eventually introduced in the construction of flre-arms, and, it having been found impossible to make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seven- teenth century : bows and arrows also fell into dis- use, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, viz.: musketeers^ armed with matchlock muskets, * A company of 200 men would appear thui :— 20 20 SO 30 IlHrquebuMi. Arehart. Muiketa. l>lki>t. Ilklbvrdi. Iklbtrdi. ri 30 20 20 20 Ikei. Muiketi, Archpri. IIarqiiHbu«M> The musket carried a l)all which weiglicd {^th of a pound ; and tlio harquebus a ball which weighed ^jth of a pound. TO THE INFANTRY. XUl of swords, and daggers ; and pikemdnj armed with pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men. He caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each contain- ing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of form- ing four regiments into a brigade ; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers ; and his armies became the admiration of other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, French, and other European states ; but so great was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not adopted until near a century afterwards. In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea- service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks. In this year the King added a com- pany of men armed with hand grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was designated the "grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to fit in the muzzles of the nmskets, and bayonets, xiv INTRODUCTION similar to those at present in use, were adopted about twenty years afterwards. An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685j by order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry pikes King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the second Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (ex- cepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried pikes ; lieutenants, partisans ; ensigns, half-pikes ; and Serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.* During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand gre- nades ; and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour : the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the Army in this reign. About the year 174.5, the men of the battalion companies of infantry ceased to carry swords ; during * Tlie 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marino corps in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign of Queen Anne. The Murine cor|)S were cnibarlced in the Fleet under Adriiirul Sir (icorgo Rooice, and wore iit the tailing of Gibraltar, and it) its subsequent defence in 1704 { they were afterwards employed at Iho siege of Barcelona in 1706. TO THE INFANTRY. XV the reign of George II. light companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the Seven Years' War. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been limited to the musket and bayonet. The arms and equipment of the British Troops have seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European states ; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they have had to contend ; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained over very superior numbers. Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any arms. At Crecy^ King Edward III., at the head of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 men ; here British valour encountered veterans of renown : — the King of Bo- hemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black Prince, defeated, at PoictierSy with 14,000 men, a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of France, and his son XVI INTRODUCTION i i Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although greatly exhausted by marches, pri- vations, and sickness, defeated, at Agincourtj the Constable of France, at the head of the flower of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, and gained a complete victory. During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish mo- narchy, which commenced in 1578 and terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the States-General were celebrated for their uncon- querable spirit and firmness;* and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British Troops in the ser- vice of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of heroism.f In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British army under the great Marlborough was spread throughout the world; and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities * The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed in 1590, observes: — " I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the S|)ani8h infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during the Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot, or BuHs. t Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment ut Foot. TO THE INFANTRY. XVll which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French army, which had been vainly styled Invincible^ to eva- cuate that country ; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Penin- sula, under the immortal Wellington; and the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British Govern- ment. These achievements, with others of recent dates, in the distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons of the nineteenth century. The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular frame, — intrepidity which no danger can appal, — unconquerable spirit and resolution, — patience in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obe- dience to his superiors. These qualities, united with an excellent system of order and discipline to regu- late and give a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to command, whose presence inspires confidence, — have been the leading causes of the splendid victories gained by the British b II ■ XVI 11 INTRODUCTION. arms.* The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought and conquered, surrounds the British arras with a halo of glory; these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of time. The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in the various parts of the world where the calls of their Country and the com- mands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed in the execution of their duty, whether in * Under the blessingr of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons ; but His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed on the considera- tion of every jwrt of the army, that it has been a strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which has given the full energy to the native valour of the troo|)s, and has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national military character, in situations uncom- monly arduous, and under circumstances of peculiar difficulty." — General Orders in 1801. In the (ireneral Orders issued by Lieut. -General Sir John Hope (after- wards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16ih of January, 1809, it is stated :— "On no occasion has the undaunted valour of British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a severe and harassing march, ren- dered necessary by the superiority which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired the efficiency of the troops, many disad- vantages were to be encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops themselves : and the enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not how to yield, — that no circumstances can appal, — and that will ensure victory, when It is to be obtftincd by tho exertion of any human means." TO THE INFANTRY. XIX active continental operations, or in maintaining colo- nial territories in distant and unfavourable climes. The superiority of the British Infantry has been pre-eminently set forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and move- ments of this armdj as at present practised, while they are adapted to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements have from time to time been introduced, to ensure that simplicity and celerity by which the superiority of the national military cha- racter is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons who have the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. /. / HISTORICAIi RECORD Ot THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, (HIGHLANDERS); CONTAINrNO AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1787, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1860. COHPILSD BY RICHARD CANNON, Esq. ADJUTANT GEXERAl's OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS. ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. LONDON: PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, 30, CHARING CROSS. M OCCC I,. I i : \ 1 1 I ON IK)N : I'lUNTun HT W. rt.nWKg ANI> miNU, 8TAMrolll> tTBItKT, KOH 111:11 MAjKHTV'MlirATIUNAHY Ol FU'K. THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS), I»IAR8 ON THE REGIMENTAL COLOUR AND APPOINTMENTS "THE ELEPHANT," WITH THE WORD "ASSAY E," SUPEHSCHIBKD J AND THE WORD "SERINCAPATAM;" IN COMMEMORATION OF IT8 DISTINGUISHED GALLANTRY IN THE STORMING AND CAPTURE OF SERINOAPATAH, ON THE 4TH MAY, 1799; AND OF ITS HEROIC CONDUCT AT THE ••BATTLE OF ASSAYE" ON THE 23rd 8EPTKHUER 1803 i ALSO THE WORDS " BUSACO, • " FUENTES D'ONOK," '• CIUDAD RODniOO," "HADAJOZ," "SALAMANCA,' "VITTORIA,' "PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "ORTIIES," "TOULOUSE," AND "PENINSULA," IN TI NTIMONV OV ITS AllUroUH KEHVICKS IN I'OHTIIOAI,. SPAIN, AND IHANCK, UioH 1810 TO 1814. ( XXV ) THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, (HIGHLANDERS.) CONTENTS OF THE H ISTORICAL RECORD. tf^^^^^^^^^M YiAk Paob Introduction ...... 1 1787 Formation of the Regiment .... 2 Appointment of Major-General Sir Archibald Campbell to the colonelcy, ... 3 Establisliment, numerical title, and uniform . - Officers appointed to commisj^ions ... 4 1788 Embarltation of the first division for India 1789 Embarkation of tiie remainder, and arrival at Madras ....... 5 1790 Engaged on field service against Tippoo Sultan in the Mysore Territory ...... 1791 Engaged in the capture of Bangalore by storm. 6 Appointment of Major-General Sir Charles O'llura, from 22nd regiment, to the colonelcy in succession to Sir Archibald Campbell, de- ceased ....... - Advanced from Bangalore to attack Tippoo in his position before Seringapatam . . - Returned to Uangnlore, in consequence of tho state of the weather, and other oircumstanccfi preventing the siege of Seringnpatnm . 1 1 M 1 !' ' XXVI Year CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. 1791 Detached from Nundydroog into the Baramhal country ...... Captured the Fort of Penagra by escalade Attacked the Fort of Ki.3tnagherry . . Rejoined the head-quarters of the army . Received the commendations and thanks of the Marquis Cornwallis, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies . 1792 Advanced from HooliaDroog upon Seringapatam Engaged in operations preparatory to the siege of Seringapatam ■ Received again the thanks of the Marquis Cornwallis, the Governor-General and Com- mander-in-Chief ..... Treaty of peace concluded with Tippoo , ■ Returned to cantonments in Madras . . 1793 Embarked on an expedition against Pondicherry Siege and capture of Pondicherry . 1794 Decease of Lieut. -Colonel Hamilton Maxwell took place, after a long period of arduous and meritorious service ..... 1797 Embarked on an expedition against Manilla Receiveil two hundred men transferred from the 71st regiment on its being ordered home from India ....... 1798 The regiment contributed a certain number of days' pay to the National Fund, for aiding the expenses in carrying on the war with France, for the preservation of the British constitution, and in opposition to the principles attempted by the French Revolution . . 1799 Formed part of the army assembled at Vellore Entered the Mysore territory, and engagcil the army of Tippoo Sultan at Mallavelly Paor 10 11 13 14 CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. XXVIl YiAB Paob 1799 Employed in the storming and capture of the Fortress of Seringapatam on the 4th of May 15 — — General Orders conveying the cong^tulations of Lieut. -General Harris, the Commander-in- Chief, on the conquest of Seringapatam . 16 Authorized to bear the word " Seringapatam" on the regimental colour and appointments . 17 Returned to Bangalore 1800 The flank companies employed at the siege and capture of the Fort of Pandellumcourchy . — Engaged in operations against the Southern Polygars ......— 1801 Six companies marched to Bombay to replace the corps which had been sent to re-inforce the British army in Egypt. ... — ' The Imperial Union Flag hoisted for the first time at Bombay on the 4th of June, the anniversary of the birth-day of King George III., when a feu-de-joie was fired by all the troops , . . . . . . — 1802 Formed part of the force assembled at Hurry hur, on the frontier of Mysore . . . . — 1803 Advanced into the Mahratta States, with a divi- sion of the army, under the command of Major-General the Honorable Arthur Wel- lesley ....... 18 ■ ■ Engaged in the campaign of this period, and in the capture of the town and Fort of Ahmed- nuggur 19 — — Order issued by Major-General Honorable A. Wellesley on the occasion of the capture of Ahmednuggur ... . . — Orders issued by tlie Governor-General in India on the same occasion . . . • . . 20 Engaged in the battle of /(.vAYiyr . 21 c'2 rr i • i ' i' xxviii Via* CONTBNT8 OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. (i w 1803 Loss of officers and soldiers at Assaye . " Order issued by Major-General Honorable A. Wellesley after the battle of Assaye . Orders issued by the Governor-General in Council to the army in India, on the complete defeat of the enemy, and in establishing the triumpli of the British arms in the Deccan . — — Honorary colours with suitable device, presented by order of the Governor-General in Council, to each regiment of cavalry anc infantry em- ployed at the battle of Assaye . Autliovised to bear on the regimental colour and appointments the Elephant, with the word " Assaye" superscribed .... • Employed in pursuit of the united armies of Scindiah and the Rajah of Berar, who were defeated on the plains of Argaum Order of thanks of Major-General Honorable Arthur Wellesley to the troops employed at Argaum . . ... Siege of the Fort Gawilghur, and capture by storm Order of thanks of Major-General Honorable Arthur Wellesley to the troops, employed at Gawilghur ...... 1804 Pr ^eeded, by forced marches, in pursuit of bands of freebooters to Perinda .... Dispersed the enemy, and captured all his guns, baggage, &c Major-General Honorable Arthur Wellesley gave up the command of this division of the army General Order containing the thanks of Major General Honorable Arthur Wellesley to the troops for tht>ir good conduct, on his quitting the command of the army . 21 23 24 29 30 HI 32 33 34 •A'} CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. XXIX Ykar of two hill forts 23 24 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 1804 Engaged in the capti Chandore and Gaulnah .... 1805 Marched to Ahmednuggur .... Embarked at Bombay, and landed at Madras . Received orders to be prepared to return to Europe ...... Received the commendations and thanks of the Governor in Council, for its exemplary services during sixteen years in the £^t Indies Character and conduct of the regiment, as given in a letter by Captain Cargill, who served long in the Regiment ..... 1 806 Regiment arrived at Portsmouth from Madras . - Orders given respecting the carrying of the Third Colour on particular occasions only . ■ Ordered to resume the Kilt as part of its dress . Establishment as fixed for home service . Embarked at Greenwich for Scotlf^nd 1809 Embarked at Port Patrick for Ireland . Directions given for the Highland dress of the regiment to be discontinued - Lieut.-Colonel Honorable Robert Le Poer Trench appointed, by exchange, to the com- mand of the regiment, in succession to Lieut.- Colonel M. McPherson .... 1810 Embarked from Ireland for service in the Peninsula ...... Disembarked at Lisbon .... — — Inspected by Major General Picton, and marched to join the allied army at Yiseu . . Formed in brigade witli 1st battalion 45th, 88th, and 3 companies of 5th battalion 60th regi- ment, commanded by Colonel Henry McKin- noii ; and attached to the third division, con> ninnded by Miy«)r- General Picton Paoc 36 37 38 39 43 44 45 46 Bi ' a\ I II YlAB 1810 1811 CONT£NTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. Advanced to engage the French army under Marshal M^sena on the frontier of Portugal The allied army formed behind the Mondego river Battle of Busaco . .... Authorised to bear the word " Bosaco" on the regimental colour and appointments Proceeded with the army to the lines of Torres Yedras ....... Marched to Aldea Gallego, thence to the village ofTogarro ...... On the retreat of the French army from San- tarem, the allies pursued, and attaclied their rear-guard at Bedinha .... The French rear-guard at Fez d' Aronce at- tacked and defeated ..... The French army continued its retreat, and re- crossed the frontier of Portugal . The allies advanced and engaged the French at Fuentes rf' (ynor ..... Authorised to bear the words "Fuentes d'Onor" on tlie regimental colour and appointments . The French failed in attempting to relieve Almeida, and recrossed the Agueda ; Mar- shal Marmont succeeded Marshal Massena in the command of the French army . The Seventy-fourth Regiment marched from Nave d'Aver, crossed the Tagus by boats, and arrived at Campo Mayor; advanced from thence, and crossed the Guadiana above Jiadajoz ...... Tlie second attack on Badajoz was commenced. The French armies, under Marshals Marmont and Soult, having effected a junction in order to relieve Badajoz, the British troops with- drew to Oampo Mayor .... Paoi 47 48 52 53 54 r 55 56 58 CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. XXXI r 1811 The French armies withdrew, and the allies re- ' • turned northward .... .69 The allied army blockaded Ciudad Rodrigo . — The Seventy-fourth advanced to El Bodon, and thence to ""'astores ..... — The French army advanced, and compelled the allies to retire to Guinaldo • . . — The Seventy-fourth succeeded in passing the Agueda, and in rejoining the division at Guinaldo ..... . — Again under arms at Alfayates ... 60 The effective strength greatly reduced by casu- alties sustained on the recent severe service . — The allied army moved to Sabugal . . — The Seventy-fourt!i cantoned at Aldea dePonte — Preparations made for the siege of Oiudad Rodrigo ...... 61 1812 Tlie third division crossed the Agueda, and reached Robledo ..... — Cantoned at Zamorra .....— Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo commenced, and the fortress taken ..... — Official report by Lord Wellington of the con- duct of the third division .... 63 The Seventy-fourth authorised to bear the words "Ciudad Roduigo" on the regimental colour and appointments ..... 64 Returned to Zamorra, and moved ts Legiosa . — Preparations made or the third siege of Badajoz ...... — The Seventy-fourth marched to Elvas, crossed the Guadiana, and commenced tlie siege . 65 A sortie made by the garrison from Picurina, and driven Ijack ..... — \ xxxii COMTBNTS OF TUB HISTORICAL KECOKD. YiAm 1812 Fort Picurina assaulted and carried Badajoz captured by storm .... • - The Seventy-fourth authorised to bear the word "Badajoz" on the regimental colour and ap- pointments ...*.. The regiment cantoned on the frontiers of Beira Crossed the Agueda and the Tormes The forts of Salamanca invested and captured . Battle of Salamanca ..... Description of the battle, by Lieut.-General the Marquis of Londonderry, G.C.B. Ditto by Major-General Sir Charles Dalbiac . Ditto by Colonel William Napier The Seventy-fourth authorised to bear the word " SAiiAMANCA" on the regimental colour and appointments ...... Advanced under Lord Wellington against the French army, which, under King Joseph, re- treated upon Madrid .... — — Entered Madrid, and well received \j^ the in- habitants ...... ■ Fort La China capitulated .... ■ The siege of the Castle of Burgos commenced . The siege of Burgos raised, and the allied army commenced its retreat .... ■ The French army, under Marshal Soult, having joined King Joeeph, advanced upon Madrid Lieut.-General Hill's division of the allied army moved from Toledo, covered Madrid, from whence it retired, crossed the Tormes, and bivouacked on the plains of Salamanca The remainder of the army arrived on the 14th October, and being united on the two Aia- piles, continued their retreat upon Ciudad Rodrigo .... I'AOI 65 67 72 73 74 75 76 77 CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. XXXlll YlAR 1812 The army placed in winter quarters behind the Agueda ...... 1813 Major-General Honorable C. Colville rejoined, and assumed the command of the third division Supplies and reinforcements received from Eng- land ; the whole army reorganised preparatory to the grand plan of Lord Wellington for driving the French army from the Peninsula The allied army advanced into Spain Pursued the French array under King Joseph on the retreat upon Burgos and to Vittoria . Battle of Vittoria ..... Description of the Battle of Vittoria, and of the conduct of the third division, by Lieut.- General Sir Thomas Picton The Seventy-fourth authorised to bear the word " Vittoria " upon the regimental colour and appointments ..... The allies purs«''ed the French army beyond Pampeluna ...... Pampeluna blockaded . . . . , Actions in the Pyrenees .... The Seventy-fourth received the Royal au- thority to bear the word " Pyuenees" on the regimental colour and appointments . . The French army closely pursued and driven from ti>e Spanish Pyrenees over the Bidassoa into France ...... The Seventy-fourth advanced with the third division up the pass of Roncesvalles, and pro- ceeded to the pass of Maya ■ The fortress of St. Sebastian taken by assault . The third division advanced up the pass of Zagaramurdi, and encamped in front of the l>ass of Echalar ..... Paob •78 79 80 81 84 86 87 88 90 91 XXXIV CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. ! 1 YiAm Pa»( 1813 The allied army passed the Bidassoa, and drove the French army from their entrenched position on the opposite side of that river . 91 ->— The allied army formed into three grand di- visions ....... — The Seventy-fourth encamped on a bare moun- tain, and exposed to much hardship and many inconveniences . .,,.—_ The capitulation of Pampeluna took place . 92 Battle of the Nivelle .... — The Seventy-fourth received the Royal per- mission to bear the word " Nivei.le" on the regimental' colour and appointments . . 93 The passage of the Nive forced ; the Seventy- fourth cantoned in farm-houses between the Nive and Adour until February, 1814. 1814 The regiment complimented by Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton for its good conduct and forbearance on entering the French territory 94 The investment of Bayonne .... 95 Battle of Orthes ......_ Order of thanks of Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton on the good conduct of the third di- vision in the battle of Orthes ... 97 The Seventy-fourth received the Royal autho- rity to bear the word " Orthes" on the regi- mental colours and appointments . . — The French array under Marshal Soult con- tinued its retreat, and the allies advanced to St. Sever 98 The allied army advanced up the Adour ; the French continued to fall back ... — — — The allies encamped beyond the town of Vic- Bigorre . . , , — CX)NTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. XXXV YlAB PAO* 1814 The allies advanced upon Tarbes, and encamped upon the Larret and Arroz rivers . . 99 — — The French army retreated towards Toulouse . — Battle of Toulouse lOO The Seventy-fourth received the Royal au- thority to bear the word " Toulouse" on the regimental colour and appointments . . 101 The allies entered Toulouse .... 102^ The abdication of Napoleon, and the termination of the war officially announced ... — The regiment marched to Pauillac, and embark- ed for Ireland after much arduous service from 1810 to 1814 — The Seventy-fourth received the Royal au- thority to bear the word "Peninsula." on the regimental colour and appointments . 103 The non-commissioned officers and men of the Seventy-fourth received the Commander-in- Chiefs permission, on the application of Colonel the Hon. Le Poer Trench, to wear silver medals as a distinction for their meritorious conduct during the campaigns in the Penin- SUl£t ••••••• " ■ 1815 Distinctions conferred on Colonel the Hon. Le Poer Trench and Brevet Lieut.-Col. Manners — The regiment received orders to embark for Belgium, which were countermanded on announcement of the victory at Waterloo in June 1815 104 1818 Marched to Fermoy, where new colours were received ..... . — Proceeded to Cork, and embarked for Nova Scotia, thence proceeded to New Brunswick. 105 1823 Re-embarked at St. John's for Halifax . — XXXVl CONTENTS OF THE HISTORICAL RECORD. YlAR 1825 Augmented to ten companies and formed into six service companies for foreign duty, and four depot companies for home duty . 1828 Embarked for Bermuda .... 1830 Returned to Ireland, and the service companies united with the depdt companies . . 1834 Embarked for the West Indies 1841 Embarked for Canada . .... 1844 Embarked for Nova Scotia .... 1845 Embarked for England .... Permitted to resume the national dress and appel- lation of a Highland regiment . . . 1846 The alteration of dress took place on the 1st of April, 1846 Embarked for Scotland .... 1847 Embarked at Glasgow for Ireland . 1850 Remained in Ireland ..... Conclusion . . ... PLATES. Costume of the Regiment in 1*787 . Colours of the Regiment Costume of the Regiment in 1850 . to face Paor 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 113 1 44 112 1 1 ( xxxvii ) SUCCESSION OF COLONELS or THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). YlAH 1787 1791 1802 1806 1809 1813 1823 1834 1835 1846 Sir Archibald Campbell, K.B. Sir Charles O'Hara . . . . , John Hely Hutchinson, afterwards Lord Plut chinson, and subsequently Earl of Donough more, K.B. .... Sir John Stuart, K.B., Count of Maida Hon. Sir Alexander Hope, G.C.B. James Montgomerie Hon. Sir Charles Colville, G.C.B. . Sir James Campbell, K.C.B.. Sir Phineas liiall, K.C.B. . Sir Alexander Cameron, K.C.B. 114 Suuceshion of Lieutenant-Colonels . 115 116 118 119 120 121 122 123 SucouBsion of M^j(>rs • 124 I 4- %\ ( xxxix ) CONTENTS OF APPENDIX «o thb: seventy-fourth regiment (HIGHLANDERS). I;? P tif-: No. 1 . Monument erected in Westminster A ' ibey, to the memory of Major-General Sir Archibald Campbell, K.B. ..... No. 2. Memoir of Lieut.-Colonel, afterwards Sir Archibald Campbell, Bart., K.C.B. . No. 3. List of Officers of the Seventy-fourth High- landers, whose deaths are recorded as having taken place during the service of the regiment in the East Indies between the years 1790 and 1804 No. 4. State of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders on its embarkation for the Peninsula, on the 1 8th of January, 1810, with the rank and names of the officers who embarked . . No. 6. Establishment of the Seventy-fourth High landers on the 25th of October, 1810 Ditto ditto 25thof June, 1811 Ditto ditto 25th of February, 1815. Ditto ditto Ist of January, 1818 . No. 6. Nominal lists of non-commissioned officers and men of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders, who are recorded as having been killed or wounded in the several actions, sieges, &c., in the Peninoula and France .... Paob 125 129 130 132 133 134 •S.\ x ! I I > Xl CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. No. 7. Statement by Town Major White, dated Ports- mouth, 6th July, 1848, of the occurrences observed by him as lieutenant and adjutant of Seventy-fourth regiment, at the battle of Busaco ...... No. 8. Extracts from Major Alves' journal, regarding the attack upon the tetC'de-pont by the Seventy- fourth regiment, and Major-General Sir Thomas Brisbane's brigade of the third division, at Toulouse, on the 10th of April, 1814 No. 9. Copy of General Order by Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, 14th June, 1814, on taking leave of the Peninsular army No. 10. OflScers of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders who obtained rewards for special services during the Peninsular war No. 11. Copy of a letter from the Adjutant-General of the Forces, dated l3th of August, 1845, ad- dressed to the Colonel of the Seventy-fourth regiment, authorising the regiment to resume the appellation of " Highland regiment'* and to be clothed accordingly .... No. 12. List and dates of the principal battles, sieges, and affairs with the enemy in which the Seventy-fourtli Highlandtrs were engaged, from 1810 to 1814 No. 13. List of officers who have have received silver War Medals for their services in the Seventy- fourth Highlanders ..... Page 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 y Paoe 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 17tt7> ; tOH CANNONi MaiT*H> KECCRBS ,- ■-"'-f,' "'-^ S.':''HZ / HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, (HIGHLANDERS.) In the year 1787, apprehensions were entertained, that 1787 the affairs of Holland would involve Europe in war. Great disturbances had occurred in Holland, fomented and encouraged by the French party, who wished to expel the Stadtholder, under the supposition that he had counteracted the views of the Dutch, which were intended to have promoted the interest of Franco during the American war. The French court, however, intimated, that it did not intend to interfere in these disputes, except as a mediator, provided other Powers observed the same moderation ; but England and Prussia having determined to take a more decisive part, caused immediate preparations to be made for hosti- lities. _, ,,,,,. ,:,..,,.- :.,-, ., - , The British Minister, among other measures, pro- posed to auginent the army in India by raising four King's regiments (the present Skvknty - fourth, seventy-fifth, seventy-sixth, and seventy-seventh), the expenses of which were to be defrayed by the East India Company, I'he proposal was. in the first instance, readily accepted ; but the threatcnings of war passed over on the termination of the disputes between the Stadtholder and the United Provinces. The Court of ¥ 9 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1787 Dircrtors discovering that it was intended to continue these regiments as a permanent charge upon their establishment, resolutely withdrew their consent, refu- sing even permission to embark the troops on board their ships. These circumstances induced Mr. Pitt, the Prime Minister in the year 1788, to introduce the Declaratory Bill, intended to define the true meaning of his India Bill of 1784, the power of the Board of Control having been disputed by the East India Com- pany, which had refused to pay the cost of the four regiments embarked for India. After a lengthened debate, the Declaratory Bill was passed, by which it was directed, that the " Expense of raising, transport- " ing, and maintaining such troops as may be judged " necessary for the security of the British Territories " and Possessions in the East Indies, should be defrayed " out of the Revenues arising from the said territories " and possessions." A further Act on the subject was passed in the year 1791, and both these Acts were confirmed by that of the 33rd of King George III., chapter 52, dated the 11th of June 1793. The Seventy-fourth Highland Regiment'" which * In April 1768, the Second Battalions of fifteen regiments of infantry, between the 3rd and the 37th, were directed to be formed into distinct regiments, and numbered from the 6l8t to the 76th successively. The second battalion of the Thirty- sixth regiment was constituted the SKVcMTT-rocBTH regiment ; and was disbanded in the year 1763, after the peace of Fontaine- bleau. Soon after the commencement of the American war, a regiment was authorised to be raised in the Highlands by Colonel John Campbell of Barbreck, in the year 1777, for service in America, where it was employed until the conclusion of the war in 1783, when it was disbanded. The present SEVBnTr-roi/RTU regiment was formed in the year 1787, and was raised in Scotland, under the circumstances explained in the Historical Record. SEVENTY -FOURTH REGIMENT (hIOHLANDERsV 30 Serjeants 40 Corporals 20 Drummers 2 Fifers, and 710 Privates is now borne on the present establishment of the aniiy, 1787 was raised at Glasgow in the year 1787, and chiefly composed of recruits fr». .»» the Highlands, by Major- General Sir Archibald Campbell, K. B. (from the half- pay of Eraser's Highlanders) whose commission, as Colonel of the Seventy-fourth, was dated the 12th October 1787.— The establishment of the regiment was fixed at ten companies, consisting of 1 Colonel and Captain 1 Lieut.-Colonel and Captain 1 Major and Captain 7 Captains 1 Captain-Lieutenant 21 Lieutenants 8 Ensigns ] Chaplain 1 Adjutant 1 Quarter-master ' 1 Surgeon 2 Surgeon's Mates A recruiting company was afterwards added, which consisted of— 1 Captain 2 Lieutenants 1 Ensign 8 Serjeants ♦ 8 Corporals 4 Drummers 30 Privates Total of Officers and Men of all ranks 902. The Regiment was styled " The Sevknty-fourth, Highland, Regiment op Foot ;" the Uniform was the full Highland garb of kilt and feathered bonnet, the tartan being similar to that of the forty-second regiment, and the facings white ; the use of the kilt was however discontinued in the East Indies, as being un- suitcd to the climate. F.' } -1 Hi l]2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1*787 The ibllowing were the officers first appointed to the Regiment : — RANK. Colonel . Lieut-Col. Major . < Captain > » Cap.-Lieut. \ andCapt./ Lieutenant Ensign Chaplain . Adjutant . Quar.-MaB. Surgeon . NAMES. Archibald Campbell K.B* Gordon Forbes . • • • • Dugald Campbell Alexander Campbel Archibald Campbell William Wallace Robert Wood Heneage T wysden James Clark. . Charles Campbell John Campbell . Thomas Caruie . W. Coningsby Davies Dugald Lamont John Alexander, Samuel Swinton. John Campbell . Charles Campbell Geo. Hy. Vansittart Archibald Campbel John Forbes . Alexander Stewart James Campbell. John Wallace . Hugh Mc Pherson John Fergusc . . Samuel Swinton . James Clark . William Henderson Commissions dated In ReKiment. 12 Oct 1787 25 Dec. 1787 » » » » tt t> 1 1 • I In AraiT. 12 Nov. 1782 24 Sept 1781 17 Oct.* 1779 13 April 1780 30 June 1781 13 Feb. 1783 20 Dec. 178.5 Capt.8 Dec. 1780 19 July 1780 1 Sept. 1781 25 Oct 1781 21 Feb. 1783 6 July 1784 5 Oct 1785 26 Dec. 1787 27 Dec. 1787 28 Dec. 1787 29 Dec. 1787 25 Dec. 1787 >» i> 1 1 1788 As the call for reinforcements to India was urgent, orders were issued to embody as many men as had been raised previous to January 1788, without waiting for the full complement ; accordingly about four hundred men were assembled at Glasgow, and marched to Grangemouth, whence they embarked for Chatham, and sailed for the East Indies under Captain William Wallace ; Lieut.-Colonel Forbes and the Staff remain- *Scc nut(! inserted in Appendix Nu. 1, page 125. SEVENTY-FOUllTn REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 5 ing to recruit the Regiment to the full establishment. 1788 This being accomplished in the autumn of the same year, the Head Quarters and six companies, in February 1789, followed the former detachment, and 1789 after a passage of four months, during which they enjoyed perfect health, landed at Madras in June 1789. 'I'he Regiment was united and stationed at the canton- ments of Poonamalee, forming a corps of 750 rank and file, in every respect complete and fit for service. Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton Maxwell, who had succeed- ed Lieut. -Colonel Forbes in command of the Regiment on the 3rd November 1788, was indefatigable in training it to a uniform system, impressing upon ofiicers and men a tone and discipline to which the extra- ordinarily high character and success of the corps throughout its service in India was mainly attributable. The Regiment took the field in the year 1790, and at 1790 Arnee, in the month of September, joined the centre division of the army, assembled under the orders of Major-General Medows for .operations against Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore. Lieut.- Colonel M axwell commanded this division, which advanced into the Oaramhal coun- try on the 24th October, proceeding as far as Kistna- ghcrry and Caverypatam, and was engaged in various skirmishes with Tippoo's army until the 1 7th November, when the division was united with the remainder of the army under the immediate command of Major- General Medows. The Marquis Cornwallis, Governor - General and Commander in Chief, having arrived at Madras, in September 1790, assumed the command of the army, and was at Velout, eighteen miles from Madras, on the 29th January 1791. The Skvknty- FOURTH was then foinncd with the 1791 6 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE Mi p ■ ! (il' 1791 seventy-first and seventy-second regiments, into the second European Brigade, under Lieut.-Colonel Clarke, in the left vdng of the army, which commenced its march from Velout on the 5th of February ; and turning the Pass of Amboor, reached the table land of Mysore by the Pass of Mooglee on the 20th of February. It arrived before Bangalore on the 5th of March, which fortress was taken by storm on the 21st of March. In the orders of the following day it was stated, — " Lord Cornwallis feels the most sensible gratification " in congratulating the officers and soldiers of the '* army on. the honorable issue of the fatigues and " dangers they have undergone during the late arduous " siege. Their alacrity and firmness in the execution " of their various duties have perhaps never been ex- " ceeded, and he shall not only think it incumbent on " him to represent their meritorious conduct in the " strongest colours, but he shall ever remember it with " the sincerest esteem and admiration." In consequence of the decease of Major- General Sir Archibald Campbell, in the year 1791, Major-General Sir Charles O'Hara was removed from the Twenty- second regiment to the Sevknty-fourth Highlanders on the 1st April of that year. The army commenced its advance from Bangalore on the 4th of May, attacked and defeated the army of Tippoo in its strong position before Seringapatam on the 15th of May ; but being unable to besiege the place, in consequence of the want of provisions and the state of the weather, it was ordered to commence its retreat upon Bangalore on the 26th of May. Before commencing the retreat, the idicrs were thanked in orders by the Marquis Cornu dis for their conduct throughout these services, and it was added, — SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (hIOHLANDERS) . " So long as there were any hopes of reducing 1791 " Seringapatam before the commencement of the heavy " rains, the Commander-in-Chief thought himself " happy in availing himself of their willing services ; " but the unexpected bad weather for some time ex- " perienced. having rendered the attack of the enemy's *' capital impracticable until the conclusion of the " ensuing monsoons, Lord Cornwallis thought he " should make an ill return for the zeal and alac:.ity " exhibited by the soldiers, if he desired them to draw " the guns and stores back to a magazine, where there " remains an ample supply of both, which was captured " by their valour ; he did not therefore hesitate to order " the guns and stores, which were not wanted for field " service, to be destroyed." The army commenced its march on the 26th of May, but being joined by the allied Mahratta forces on that day, continued to retreat very slowly to Bangalore, which it reached in the beginning of July; it was engaged in various operations, and in taking several hill forts in the neighbouring country. The Seventy- fourth was deta<^ d from the army at Nundydroog on the "2 1st of October, with three Sepoy battalions and some field artillory, under Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell, into the Baramhal country, which this column was ordered to clear of the enemy. They reached the south end of the valley by forced marches, and took the strong fort of Penagra by escalade on the 31st of October, and after scouring the whole of the Baramhal t the south- ward, returned towards Caverypatam, and encamped within five miles of the strong fort of Kistnagherry on the 7th of November; Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell deter- mined on attacking the lower fort and toAvn im- mediately, and the column advanced from the camp to 'I I 9 UI8TOK1CAL RECORD OF THE 1791 the attack in three divisions at ten o'clock on that night ; two of these were sent to the right and left to attack the lower fort on the western and eastern sides, while the centre division advanced directly towards the front wall ; the divisions approached close to the walls before they were discovered, succeeded in escala- ding them, and got possession of the gates. The enemy fled to the upper fort without much resistance, and the original object of the attack was thus gained ; but a most gallant attempt was made by Captain Wallace of the Seventy-foirth, who commanded the right division, to carry the almost inaccessible upper fort also. His division rushed up in pursuit of the fugitives, and notwithstanding the length and steepness of the ascent, his advanced party followed the enemy so closely that they had barely time to shut the gates. Their standard was taken on the steps of the gateway ; but as the ladders had not been brought forward in time, it was impossible to escalade before the enemy recovered from their panic. During two houra, rejjeated trials were made to get the ladders up, but the enemy hurling down showers of rotiks and stones into the road, broke the ladders and crushed those who carried them ; unluckily a clear moonlight discovered every movement, and at length the ladders being all destroyed, and many officers and men disabled in carrying them, Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell found it necessary to order a discontinuance of the assault. 'I'he retreat of the men who had reached the gate, and of the rest of the troops, was conducted with such ^vgul'irity, that a l)arty, which sallied from the fort in pursuit of them, was immediately driven back. The ])ettah, or lower town, was sc't fire to, and the troops > ' SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 9 withdrawn to their camp before daylight on the 8th of 1791 November. The following were the casualties in the regiment on this occasion : — Killed 2 Officers Wounded 3 ,, 1 Sergeant 5 Ronk and File 47 Non-coniinissioncd officers and men Officers Killed. Lieutenant t'orbe:i „ Lamont Officers Wounded. Captain Wallace Lieutenant M'Kenzie „ Aytone The column having also reduced several small forts in the district of Oussoor, rejoined the army on the 30th of November. The following order was issued by the Mar(]uis (yornwallis on the vetum of the column : — *• Camp, Kingerry, December \8t, 1791. " GiiNEiiAL Order, " Ijord Cornwallis returns his best thanks to Lieut.- " Colonel Maxwell for the zealous and able manner " in which he has executed his general instructions, " to dislodge and drive out the detachments that the " enemy had sent into the Baramhal and the district of " Oussoor. *' The good conduct and gallantry which was mani- " fested at the assault of Fenagra, reflect great credit " u])on Lieut.-Coloncl Maxwell and the corps under " his command; but his LorUshi]) considers the spirited " and judicious attom])t which^ after surprising and " carrying the pettah and lower fort, was made u|»oii " the upper fort of Kistnagherry, ns highly h(moii ruble to " all the officers and men who were ein])l()ycd on that •* occi\sion, and justly deserving his warmest a])|.lau8('." 'J'he army advanced from Iloolia Droog upon 8ering- 1792 npatam on the 1st of February, 17U'2. Pi 'H\ i^ HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1792 During the successful attack and carrying of the lines before Seringapatam on the night of the 6th of Februaiy, the regiment formed part of the centre column, which was composed of the fifty-second, seventy- first, and Sevknty-fourth King's regiments under Colonel Stewart (Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell of the Seventy-fourth being employed in command of the left column of the army,) with which column the Marquis Cornwallis, Commanding-in-Chief, was personally pre- sent during the action : nearly at its close, and during the confusion consequent on a night attack, Major Skell^', with the greater part of the Seventy-fourth, and also the other regiments of the centre '^lumn, having been pushed far in advance. Captain Dugald Campbell was left in command of the remaining com- panies of the regiment, with a small party of the fifty- second, when a sudden and formidable onset being made upon the position by a strong force of the enemy, the safety of the Commander-in-Chief, and of the centre of the army, was preserved by a gallant charge made upon the enemy by Captain Campbell, for which he and the small body under his command were highly applauded. The casualties in the regiment on this occasion were : — Killed a Rank And File. Wounded, 2 Officers, 1 aerjcant . 17 ,, „ Miwing 6 M *i Officers Wounded. Lieutenant Farquhar. Ensign Hamilton. In the General Order issued on the 7th of February, it was stated : — " The conduct and valour of the officers and soldiers " of the army have often merited Lord Cornwallis's SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (hIGIILAXDEBs). 11 " encomiums, but the zeal and gallantry which were so 1792 " successfully displayed last night in the attack of the " enemy's whole army, in a position which had cost him " much time and labour to fortify, can never be suffi- " ciently praised, and his Lordship's satbfaction, on an '• occasion which promised to be attended with the most '* substantial advantages, has been greatly heightened " by hearing from the Commanding Officers of divisions " that the meritorious behaviour was universal through '* all ranks, in a degree that has rarely been equalled : " Lord Comwallis therefore requests that the army in " general will accept of his most cordial thanks for the " noble and gallant manner in which they have exe- " cutcd the plan of the attack ; it covers themselves *' with honour, and will ever command his warmest '' "'♦iments of admiration." A' r considerable progress had been made in the preparations for the siege of Seringapatam, and the second parallel completed, the operations were sus- pended on the 24th of February in consequence of nego- ciations for a treaty of peace, which was finally concluded with 'ri])]X)o, and the army evacuated the island of Suringapatam about the end of March, 1792. The vegiment returned to cantonments in the neighbour- hood of Madras in the month of May. The regiment was airain ordered on active service 1793 against the French settlement of Pondichurry in June, 17*.)3, being formed in brigade with the seventy-second and seventy-third regiments, and the third (\)m|)any'H European regiment, under Colonel Uraithwaite. The exiK'dition arrived before Pondi'herry in July, and the siege was commenced in the lH>ginning of Augu it : the fortress capitulated on the 22nd of August. A circumstance that occurred aflcr the capture has mi iv:, k',i ' I. m HISTORICAL RECORD OP THE 1793 been often since narrated by oH officers of the corps, and, although in itself of a trivial nature, it may de- serve to be recorded, as showing the good effect that it is possible to prod\ ce, even upon prejudiced enemies, by courtesy and firmness. T Seventy-fourth formed part of the garrison, and the French troops remained in the place as pri- soners of war. Their officers were of the old regime, and were gentlemen by birth and in manners, to whom it was incumbent to show every kindness and hospitality. It was found, however, that both officers and men, and the French population t^cnerally, were strongly tinc- tured with the revolutionarv mania ; and some uneasi- ness was felt lest the same should be in any degree imbibed by the British sold ers. It happened that the officers of the Seventy-fdukth were in the theatre when a French officer called for the revolutionary air, " C'a Ira ;" this was op|X)sed by some of the British, and there was every appearance of a serious disturbance, both parties being highly excited. The Skvknty- j'OUKTH, being in a body, had an opportunity to consult, and to act with effect ; and, having taken their resolu- tion, two or three of them made their way to tho orchestra, the rest taking |K)st at the doors, and, having obtained silence, the senior officer addressed tho house in a firm but conciliatory manner. He stated that the national tune called for by one of tho company ought not to be objwted to, and that, as an act of courtesy to the ladies and others who had sccondc ' the request, ho and his brother officers were determined to 8up|)ort it with every matk of res|)ect, and called ujx)n their countrymen to do tho same. It was accordingly ])layed with the most uproarious applause on the ])art of tho French, tho British ofUccrs standing up uncovered \ SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 13 but the moment it was finished, the house was called 1*^93 upon by the same party again to uncover to the British national air, " God save the King." They now appealed to the French, reminding them that each had their national attachments and recollections of home ; that love of country was an honourable principle, and should be respected in each other ; and that they felt assured their respected friends would not be behind in that courtesy which had just been shown by the British. Bravo ! Bravo ! resounded from every part of the house, and from that moment all rankling was at an end. They lived in perfect harmony till the French embarked ; and each party retained their sentiments as a thing peculiar to their own country, but without the sliglitest offence on either side, or expectation that they should assimilate, more than if they related to the colour of their uniforms. The regiment was leprived of the able services of 1 "^94 Lieut.-Colonol Hamilton Maxwell, by his premature death at Cudalore on the 8th June, 1794. 'I his officer had been at an early age appointed to a company of Fraser's Highlanders, in which corps he served during the whole of the American war with a degree of ap- probation which his later conduct, while in command of the Skvknty-fourth, proved that he so well merited. In the year 1797 the regiment was embarked for an 1197 expedition intended against Manilla, but was detained in consequence of the threatened renewal of hostilities in Mysore. In October, 1797, the seventy-fli'st reginu>nt being ordered honif from India, the Sicvknty-i-oukth was completed by two hundred men transferred from that cor\)s. In the year 179S, when voluntary contributions for 1798 ■t 5 m i n i4 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE I i 1798 the support of the war with France were being offered to Grovernment from various parts of the British do- minions, the private men of each company of the Seventy-fourth sent a message to the officers com- manding companies, saying that " in the present critical " exigency, when their country was threatened with an " invasion, they were sensible that it was the duty of " every Briton to strain every nerve, and exert every " power, to repel their inveterate enemies, the French, " and arrest the progiess of their detestable principles ; " they therefore had unanimously resolved to subscribe '* eight days' pay to carry on the present war, — a war '* unprovoked on our part, and justified by the noblest " of motives, the preservation of our invaluable con- « stitution." The Serjeants and corporals, animated by similar sentiments, subscribed half a month's pay each, and the officci-s added one month's pay. 1799 An army having been assembled at Vellore, by order of the Earl of Mornington (afterwards the Marquis Wellesley), Governor-General of India, under the command of Lieut.-General Harris, for the invasion of Mysore^ the Skvknty-fourtii, with the twelfth and ninety-fourth, or Scots brigade, formed the firet Euro- pean brigade, under Major-Gcneral Baird, Major- General Bridges commanding the right wing of the army. The army advanced on the llth of February, 1799, and entered the Mysore territory on the 5th of March ; but only reached Mallavelly on the 2/th of March, when, on approaching the ground of encampment, the army of Tiy)|H)o Sultan was discovered drawn up on a height at a few milos distance. 'J he advanced ])i(|uets were attacked by the enemy, and the whole wing advancing, a SEVENTH-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 15 general action ensued. The enemy lost one thousand 1199 killed and wounded, and immediately retreated upon Seringapatam. The regiment was actively engaged, and repulsed a formidable attack of the enemy's cavalry on the right of the British lino. The loss sustained by the victors was very small. The casualties of the regiment on this occasion were — Killed Officers 6 Non-commissioned officers and men Wounded 1 ,, 17 „ ,, :r< i> Officer Wounded. Lieutenant Moore. The army advanced on the following day, and arrived before Seringapatam on the 5th of April. The preparations for the siege immediately commenced, and a breach being reported practicable on the 3rd of May, the assault was ordered lor the following day, the 4th May, when it took place accordingly. The troops for the assault, commanded by Major-GcneralBaird, were divided into two columns of attack. The Seventy- fourth, with the seventy-third regiment, 4 European flank companies, 14 Sepoy flank companies, with 50 artillerymen, formed the right column, under Colonel Sherbrokc. Each column was preceded by one Ser- jeant and twelve men, volunteers, supported by an advanced party of one subaltern, and twenty-five men. Lieutenant Hill, of the Seventy-fouiith, commanded the advanced party of the right column. After the suc- cessful storm and capture of the fortress, the Seventy- fourth was the first regiment that entered the palace. In the following order issued, on the 3th of May, by Liout.- General Harris, the conduct of the regiment, v. I . . A. m UISTORICAL RECORD OF TUK 1799 and of Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, who commanded it on this occasion, was conspicuously noticed : — ^1 111 ■i'iri " Head Quarters, Camp before Seringapalam, 5th May, 1799. " General Order. (( The Commander-in-Chief congratulates the gal- " lant army, which he has the honour to command, on " the conquest of yesterday. The effects arising from ** the attainment of such an acquisition as far exceed *' the present limits of detail, ^(S the unremitting zeal, " labour, and unparalleled valour of the troops surpass " power of praise for services so incalculable in their " consequences ; he must consider the army as well " entitled to the applause and gratitude of their " country. " On referring to the progress of the siege, so many " occasions have occurred for applause to the troops ** employed that it is difficult to particularize indivi- " dual merit : but the gallant manner in which Lieut.- " Colonel Shaw, the Honorable Colonel Wellesley, *' Lieut. -Colonel Moneypenny, the Honorable Lieut.- " Colonel St. John, Major McDonald, Major Skelly, and " Lieut.-Colonel Wallace, of the Srventy -fourth, " conducted the attacks entrusted to their guidance, in " the several outworks and posts of the enemy, demands " to be recorded, and the very spirited attack led by " Lieut.-Colonel Campbell* of His Majesty's Seventy- " FOURTH Regiment, which tended so greatly to secure '* the position our troops had attained in the enemy's " works on the 26th ultimo, claims tbo strongest ap- " probation of the Commander-in-Chief." * Sec Appendix No. 2, page 12S. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMEMT (HIGHLANDERS). I 7 The casualties of the regiment during the siege were : — i "jgo Killed 5 Officers 45 Non-commissioned officers and men Wounded 4 ,, 111 Officers Killed, Lieutenant Irvine Farquhar Hill Shaw Prendergast Officers Wounded. Lieutenant Fletcher „ Ay tone ,, Maxwell ,, Carrington The regiment has received the Royal authority to bear the word " Sering ap atam" on its regimental colour and appointments in commemoration of its services at this siege. On the breaking up of the army in September, 1 799, the regiment returned to Bangalore ; being after- wards ordered back to Madras, it was halted at VVallajahbad in the beginning of 1800, when the flank 1800 companies were employed at the siege and capture of the Fort of Pandellumcourchy, and the regiment was engaged in various operations against the Southern Polygars, during which great exertions were made and losses sustained, of which no distinct record has been preserved. In the spring of 1801, six companies were sent to 1801 Bombay, to replace troops withdrawn for the expe- dition to Egypt. C^n the 4th of June in that year, the anniversary of His Majesty's birth day, when the Impe- rial Union flag was hoisted for the first time at Bombay, nfeu-de-joiewas fired by the detachments of the Sevk \ty- KOUHTii, eighty-sixth and eighty eighth regiments. The regiment formed part of the force assembled 1802 under Lieut. -General Stuart at Hurryhur, on the north-western frontier of Mysore, in the month of November, 1802, by order of Lord ( "live. In consequence of instructions from the Govemor- \> I I- >\ 18 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1802 General the Marquis Wellesley, Lieut. General Stuart formed a detachment from the main army to advance into the Mahratta States, under Major-General the Honourable Arthur Wellesley. This force consisted of the nineteenth dragoons, Skventy-fourth, and ninety- fourth (Scots Brigade) King's regiments, (the ninety- fourth afterwards joined Colonel Stevenson's detach- 1803 ment on the 16th of April, 1803) ; three regiments of native cavalry, and six battalions of native infantry, with a proportion of artillery. The force commenced its advance on the 9th of March, 1803. I'he cavalry and advanced guard arrived at Poonah on the 20th, and the main body on the 22nd of April ; here every exertion was made to refit and get into a state of efficiency for the active campaign that was to follow. The zealous and soldier-like feeling, which pervaded all ranks of the Seventy fourth, was exemplified by the conduct of the officers of the regiment upon this occasion; all of them being distressed as to the completion of their camp equipage, having lost upon tlio long inarch, through a variety of country, two sets of tiitlo, and now requiring a third, besides other supplies which their exhausted means could not furnish. A petition was got up by the officers of one of the regi- ments, setting forth their hardships, and praying for aid on account of past losses and present wants. It was actually signed and carried to the lines of another regiment, with a view of obtaining, in succession, the siirnitures of the whole European part of the force. I he moment the Seventy-fourth heard of it, a de|) Illation of their officers went to the regiment where it had originated, and strongly remonstrated upon the impropriety of the measure. They stated their own SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (hIOHLANDERS). 19 }} unanimous determination to submit to any loss, and 1803 bear evory hardship which the service might require, trusting to the generosity of the Government after the service should be performed ; and asking what confidence the General could have in his troops, if they should beset him with such an application near an enemy, and when he must be engrossed with the public depart- ments : these arguments prevailed, and the petition was abandoned. The force advanced from Poonah on the 26th of April, and the regiment was actively engaged throughout the whole of the following brilliant campaign ; at the capture of the town and fort of Ahmednuggur, on the 8th and 12th August, its conduct was particularly noticed in Major- General Wellesley's despatch. The following General Orders were published by him, and by the Governor-General on the occasion : — " Camp at Ahmednuggur, \2th August, 1803. " General Order. " Major-General Wellesley congrattilates the troops upon the result of the operations carried on against the fort of Ahmednufffiur. His thanks arc particularly due to the troops who made the brisk and gallant attack upon the city, upon the 8th inst., and to Lieut.- Colonels Harness, Wallace (of the Sp.venty-fourth), and Maxwell, commanding brip-ades, and to Captain Beauman of artilleiy, Captain Johnston of engineers, and Captain Hcitland of pioneers. " A royal salute to be fired immediately upon the taking possession of the fort of Ahmednuggur, and, upon the receipt of this order, in all the garrisons and (lotachments of troops under the command of Major- General Wellesley in the territories of the Company, c2 « I t 20 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1803 " m « (( (( (( ti « t( t( t( it <( ({ C( (( {( (( (( (( « (( I( C( t( the Rajah of Mysore, His Highness the Nizam, and the Mahrattas." General Order by thu Governor-Gkneral. '*Fort Wiilitm, 8th September, 1803. " The Governor- General in Council having received from Major-General the Hon. Arthur Wellesley the official account of the reduction of the important fortress of Ahmednuggur^ by the forces under the command of that officer, is pleased to signify the high approbation with which his Excellency in Council has observed the judgment, promptitude, and skill, mani- fested by Major-General the Hon. Arthur Wellesley, in directing the operations of the forces under his command on that critical occasion. " His Excellency in Council is pleased to direct Major- General the Hon. Arthur Wellesley to notify to the troops under his command, that the Governor-General in Council has derived the most cordial satisfaction from the distinguished alacrity, gallantry, and spirit, which they displayed in their attack upon the pcttah, and in the subsequent siege of the fort of Ahmed- nuggur ; and the Governor-General in Council has remarked with particular approbation the conduct of Lieut. -Colonels Harness, Wallace (of the Seventy- fourth), and Maxwell, of Captain Beauman of artil- lery, of Captain Johnston of engineers, and of Captain H eitland of the pioneers. " The Governor-General in Council deeply laments the loss of Captains Grant and Humberstone, Lieu- tenants Anderson and Plenderlcath, and of the brave soldiers who fell in the successful contest of the 8th August. " The memory of these gallant officers and soldiers, who have fallen with honour in the public service, will SEVENTY POUUTU KEQIMENT (UIGULANDERS). 21 " be regarded with affection and respect by their Sove- 1803. " reign and their country." On the 23rd of September, Major-General the Hon. Arthur Wellesley attacked the whole combined Mahratta armyof Scindiah, and the Rajah of Berar, at Assay e, on the banks of the Kaitna river, when the Mahratta force of 40,000 men was completely defeated by a force of 5000, of which not more than 2000 were Europeans, losing 98 pieces of cannon, 7 standards, and leaving 1200 killed, and about four times that number woimded on the field. Theconductof theSKVENTv-FouRXH, in this memorable battle, was most gallant and distinguished, but from having been prematurely led against the vil- lage of Assaye, on the left of the enemy's line, the regiment was exposed, unsupported, to a most terrible cannonade, and being afterwards charged by cavalry, sutained a tremendous loss. The casualties in the regiment on this occasion were — Killed 1 1 Officers, 9 Serjeants, Drummers, 1 04 Rank and File. Wounded 6 „ 17 „ 4 „ 250 Officers Wounded. Major Swinton. Capt. and Lieut. Moore. Lieutenant Mein. „ MrMuido. Ensign Kcarnan. Officert Killed. Captain D. Aytonc. ,, Andrew Dyce. ,, Roderick McLcod. ,, John Maxwell. Lieut. John Campbell. ,, John Morshead Campbell. ,, Lorn Campbell. ,, James Grant. ,, J. Morris. ,, Robert Neilson. ,, Volunteer Tew. Every officer present with the regiment was either killed or wounded, except Quarter-master James Grant, who when he saw so many of his friends fall in vv 22 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE '1 mi 11 «" '■! II ' 1803 the battle, resolved to share their fate, and though a non combatant^ joined the ranks and fought to the ter- mination of the action. The regiment was inarched off the field by Major Swinton (although wounded), and Quarter master Grant, every other officer having been disabled. Major-General WcUesley stated, in his despatch to the Governor- General, of the 24 th September: — " I cannot write in too strong terms of the conduct " of the troops ; they advanced in tha best order, and " with the greatest steadiness, under a most destructive " fire, against a body of infantry far superior in number, " who appeared determined to contend with them to " the last, and who were driven from their guns only •' by the bayonet ; and notwithstanding the numbers of " the enemy's cavalry, and the repeated demonstrations " they made of an intention to charge, they were kept " at a distance by our infantry. " I am particularly iiulebted to Lieutenant-Colonel " Harness and Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, of the " Seventy-fourth, for the manner in which they con- " ducted their brigades." And in his memorandum on the battle he added : — " However, by one of those unlucky accidents which "' frequently hapjjen, the oflficcr commanding the •' piquets which were ujjon the riglit, led immediately " up to the village of Assaye. The Skvknty-fourtii " regiment, which was on the right of the second lino, " and was ordered to 8U])port the picjuets, followed " them. 'I'here was a large break in our line between '* these corpE and those on our left. They wereexj osed " to a most terrible cannonade fiom Assaye, and vero " charged by the cavalry belonging to the Cauii]iooH ; SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). S3 ** consequently in the piquets and the Seventy-fourth 1803 " regiment, we sustained the greatest part of our " loss. ** Another bad consequence resulting from this " mistake, was the necessity of introducing the cavalry " into the action at too early a period. I had ordered " it to watch the motions of the enemy's cavalry hanging " upon our right, and luckily it charged in time to save " the remains of the Seventy -fourth and the piquets.'* Also in a letter of 3rd of October : — " Our loss is great, but the actiun I believe was the " most severe that ever was fought in this country, and " I believe such a quantity of cannon and such advan- " tages have seldom been gained, by any single victory, " in any part of the world." The following General Orders were published on the occasion :— General Order by Major-Genkral Wkllkslky. • " Cktmp near Atsaye, Saturday, 24//4 September, 1803. '* Major-General Wellcsley returns his thanks to the " troops for their conduct in the action of yesterday, the ** result of which is so honorable to them, and likely to " be so advantageous to the public interests. He re- " ((uests Lieutenant-Colonel Harness and Lieutenant- " Colonel Wallace (of the Skvknty-fourth regiment) " in particular will accept his acknowledgments for " the manner in which they condut ted their respective " brigades. " A royal salute to be fired in camp this afternoon, *' "pon the occasion of tlie victory giiined over the " ncmy's army ycsterdcy ; and a royal salute to be " firod on the same occasion on receipt of this order in Bri I lit 24 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE ; s;, ii: I ill- • ■ ii' i 1803 " each of the detachments, and in each of the garrisons under the command of Major-General Wellesley in the territories of the Company, of the Soubah, of the Deccan, of the Peshwah, and of the Rajah Anund Hao Guickwar." General Order by thk Governor-Gkneral. *'Fort WUliam, 30/A October, 1803. •' The Governor-General in Council has this day re- ceived from Major-General the Honorable Arthur Wellesley the official report of the signal and splendid victory obtained by the troops under the personal command of that distinguished officer on the 23rd of September, at Assaye, in the Deccan, over the com- bined armies of Dowlut Hao Scindiah, and the Rajah of Herar. " At the close of a campaign of the most brilliant success and glory in every quarter of India, this transcendant victory demands a testimony of public honor, equal to any which the justice of the British Government in India has ever conferred on the con- duct of our officers and troops in the most a isi, i -■ ;guished period of our military history. *• The Governor-General in Council highly a])provc8 of the skilful ])lan formed by Major-General the Honorable Arthur Wellesley on the 2 1st September, for ])rccluding the escape of the enemy, and for re- ducing their combined army to the necessity of hazarding - li^eneral action. His Excellency in Council also signifies his most cordial approbatiim uf the magnanimity, jiromptitude, and judgment with which Major-General the Honorable Arthur Wellesh>y de- termined upon the instantaneous attack of the enemy on the 2. (( (c « (( << <( l( 4( t« sequences derived from the exertions of that day, have been the complete defeat of the combined army of the confederate chieftains, an irreparable blow to the strength and efficiency of their military resources, especially of their f-rtillery in the Deccan, the expul- sion of a hostile and predatory army fiom the territory of our ally the ^ox?^:ahdar of the Deccan, and a seasonable and euectual check to the ambition, pride, and rapacity of the enemy. " The prosperous result of these advantages must be accelerated by the auspicious progress of our arms in other provinces of India, and it may reasonably be expected that the decisive victories gained at Delhi and Assayc, on the 1 1 th and 23rd of September, will s|)eedily compel the enemy to restore peace to Hin- doostan, and to the Deccan. " 1 ho achievements of our commanders, officers, and troops during this campaign, and especially in the signal victories of Delhi, and of Assayc, must inspire a general sentiment of just confidence in the vigor of our military resources, and in the stability of our dominion and |)owcr. Our uniform success in frustrating every advantage of superior numbers, of powerful artillery, and even of obstinate resistance o]>|)osed by the enemy, constitutes a satisfactory proof of the established superiority of British discijJ" t5, cx])erience, and valor ; and demonstrates that the glorious progress of our arms is not the accidental result of a temporary or transient advantage, but tito natural and certain effect of a permanent cause. " From these rofleotions, consolation is to be derived for the loss of those lamented and honored oflicers and soldiers, who, animated by the gallant spirit of their General, and emulating the noble example of his seal 8EVENTY-FOUHTU REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 27 " and courage, sacrificed their lives to the honor and 1803 * interests of their country. " The Governor- General in Council greatly regrets the " lo^8 of Lieutenant-Colonel Maxwell, of His Majesty's " nineteenth dragoons, who fell at the head of the " British cavalry, bravely charging a large body of the *' enemy's infantry. With the utmost concern his " Excellency in Council records the names of the valuable '• and excellent oflScers who have fallen with glory at the " battle of Assaye, in achieving the complete dofeat of " the enemy, and in establishing the triumph of the " British arms in the Deccan ; Lieutenant-Colonel " Maxwell, Captains R. Boyle, H. Mackay, D. Aytono, " A Dyce, R. Maclcod, and T. Maxwell, Captain-Lie t4- " tenants Steel and Fowler, Lieutenants Bonomi, " Griffith, J. Campbell, J. M. Campbell, J. Grant, R. " Neilson, L. Campbell, M. Morris, and J. Douglas, " Brown, Mavor, Perrie, and Volunteer Tew.* " In testimony of the high honor acquired by the army " under the personal command of Major-General the *' Honorable A. Wellesley, at the battle of Assaye, the ♦' Governor-General in Council is pleased to order that " honorary Colou' s, with a device ])rojK>rly suited to com- *' memorate that signal and s])lendid victory, be pre- " Si .ted to the corps of cavalry and infantry employed •* on that glorious occasion. •• The names of t''e brave officers and men who fell " at the bdttle of A- i.ye will be commemorated, to- *' gether with the circumstances of the action, upon the " ])ul)Iic monument to be erected at Fort WillJam, to " the memory of those who have fallen in the public " service, duing the present cuiupaign. 'lae honorary \\ * Mr. Tew hiitl been rccommnrnlcH by Mnjor-Onorul Wolloslpy to llit> Coinniatxtcr-in-Cliiot' I'ur liia conduct Rt Ahmoiinii^i^iir. 28 HISrORI*' Vr. RECORD OF THE I ^1 Mil' General Wellesley, in his despatch to the Governor- General, dated Camp, Parterly, 30th November, 1803, stated, — " The troops had marched a great distance on a very '• hot day, and 1 therefore did not think it proper to " pursue them (the enemy), but, shortly after our " arrival here, bodies of horse appeared in our front, " with which the Mysore cavalry skirmished during a " part of the day, and when I went out to push for- " ward the piquets of the infantry to support the " Mysore cavalry, and to take up the ground of our " encampment, I could perceive distinctly a long line " of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, regularly drawn " up on the plains of Argaum, immediately in front of " that village, and about six miles from this place, at " which I intended to encamp. " Although late in the day, I immediately determined " to attack this army. Accordingly I marched on in " one column, the British cavalry leading in a direction " nearly parallel to that of the enemy's line ; covering " the rear and left by the Mogul and Mysore cavalry. " The enemy's infantry and guns were in the left of " their centre, with a body of cavalry on their left. ' iScindiah c army, consisting of one very heavy body of '• cavalry, was on the right, having ujxjn its right a body '' of Pindarries and other light troops. Their line ex- *' tended above five miles, having in their rear the vil- " lage and extensive gardens and enclosures of Argaum ; " tind in thtir front a plain, which, however, was much " r'it by water-courses, &c. I formed the army in two " lines ; the infantry in the first, the cavalry in the '• second, and supportinij the right ; and the Mogul and .1 I ( HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1803 * Mysore cavalry the left, nearly parallel to that of ' the enemy ; with thff right rather advanced, in order * to press upon the enemy's left. Some time elapsed ' before the lines could be formed, owing to a part of ' the infantry of my dirdsion, which led the column, * having got into some confusion. " When formed, the whole advanced in the greatest ' order, the Seventy-fourth and seventy-eighth regi- ' mcnts were attacked by a large body (supposed to * be Persians), and all these were destroyed. Scindiah's ' cavalry charged the first battalion sixth regiment, * which was on the left of our line, and were repulsed ; ' and their whole line retired in disorder before our ' troops, leaving in ovr ii_ -"'s thirty-eight pieces of * cannon and all their im»?iispM,ii i. " The British cavalrj tl.rn pui ued them for several * miles, destroyed great numbers, and took many ele- ' jjhants and /amels, and much baggage. " The troops conducted themselves with their usual 'bravery. The Sr,vi<:NTy-F0URf// and seventy-eighth ' regiments had a y)articular opportunity of distinguish- ' ing themselves, and have deserved and received my ' thanks." Major- Genera) Wellesley said in another letter of 2nd ]>e(em})er : —"If wo had had daylight one hour * more, not a man would have escaped. ** 'I'fie troops were under arms, and I was on horse- ** bark from six in the morniiig untlj twelve at night." I ft. The following General Order was issued ;— " Camp, ti/fir the PIniiii of Argnum, Wmhieailny, SOlh Nov., 1803. '' Major-General Wellesley congrati/tuf's the troops " uj)on the success of yesterday, which h« |.j fvery SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 31 reason to hope was effected without great loss. The 1 803 Major-General's thanks are due upon this occasion to all the troops, for the perseverance with which they went through the fatigues of the day, and for the steadiness they displayed during the action, but in particular the Sevknty fourth and seventy-eighth raiments. " To Colonel Stevenson for the advice and assist- ance he received from him, to Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, Sevknty-fourth regiment, &c." Officers Killed Wounded 1 Rank and File. 9 41 The casualties in the regiment on the occasion were :— Sergeants. Drummers. 1 Officer Wounded. Lieutenant Langlands. After the battle of Argaum, General Wellesley (as ho stated in his despatch of the 15t' December to the Governor-General) detennined to lose no time in com- mencing the siege of Gaioilghur, a very strong fort, situated on a range of mountains between the sources of the rivers Poorna and Taptce: he accos-dingly marched on, and arrived :vith both divisio .s at Ellich- poor on the 5th December, whence, after establishing an hospital for the men wounded a* Argaum, both divisions advanced to Gawilghur on the 7th December. After a long series of labok'ous services, which were chiefly performed by '^olonel Stevenson's division, the l^attcrics opened on the 13th December, and the breach of the outer tort being reported practicable on the followi. / night, the y'n = took place on the l.'jth DeceiTi'-ofT ' H 32 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1803 The following Order was issued on the occasion : — " Camp, Deogaum, Thursday, 15 Dec., 1803. " General Order. " Major-Gencii.' >"'c lesley has great satisfaction in " congratulatir. ▼ the trcops under his command upon " the bril'Sftnt success of this day. " In the course of this short but active and laborious " siege Major-General Welleslej has, with pleasure, " observed in all a most anxic^Jis ^ik-i zealoTip desire to " forward the service, the most steatly perseverance in ** tbo performance of laborious services, which would be " *hought impracticable by other troops, and that gal- ' lantry, when opposed to the enemy, which they have ** shown so frequently during the campaign, t nd which ''^' has canied them with honour through so many diffi- " culties. " AUhough the brilliant part of the service did not " fall to the lot of the division under his immediate " c't'imand, Major-General Wellesley observed, with " sa action, the exertions they made in the part ' allotted to them ; and his thanks are particularly due *• to Captain Beauman, commanding the artillery, and " to Lieutenant-Colonels Wallace (of the Skvknty- *' fourth) and Chalmers, for the manner in which they *' conducted the attacks respectively entrusted to their " commands." In a letter to General Lake, Commander-in-Chief in India, of the 5th January. Major-General Welles- ley stated: — " On the 15th of December I took the hill " fort of Gawilghur by st irm ; on the 19th I signed a " peace with the Rajah f B<'rar ; and on the 30th " December one with .Scii Uiali. " I must again take the liberty of mentioning to you " Lieu' ^nant-Coloncl Wallace of the SKVENiy-FouuTii 'III wn", SKVBNTY-FOUKTII UEGIMEN IIIGULANDERS). 33 *' regiment, whose services I have again had occasion 1803 " to report in a favourable manner, since I addressed " you upon the subject after the battle of Assaye." After the conclusion of the jxjace, the troops under 1804 General Wellesley were gradually drawn off" to the westward and southward, and being at Neemgaum on the 2nd of February, 1801, the Seventy-fourth regi- ment was selected by Major-General Wellesley, with the first battalion eighth native infantry, one hundred and fifty pioneers, and one hundred men from each battalion of native infantry, all the cavalry of the division, two six-pounders, and two brass twelve-pounders, to march on the following morning, under his own command, in pursuit of bands of freebooters, who had infested the neighbourhood, but had retired upon Perinda, the re- mainder of the division being left under the command of Lieutenant-Colon J ^Vallace at Neemgaum. Major Swinton of the Seventy-fourth commanded the in- fantry of the expedition. Major-General Wellesley said, in a letter to Lieut.- General Stewart, dated, Camp at Munkaiscer, 7th February, 1804 :— " 1 left my camp on the 3rd, about thirty miles south- " cast from Ahmednuggur. and I arrived by forced " marches at Sailgaon, near Perinda, on the 4th. I there " heard that the enemy were at this place, twenty-four " miles from me, and although I had marched twenty " miles that morning, I determined to march on in the " night. The road was very bad, and till one o'clock " the night was very dark, and we made but little pro- " gress. The consequence was, that we did not arrive " till iiine in the morning, instead of at daylight. The '• enemy liad received intelligence of my approach ; 1 " (relieve from my own camp. They had struck their m 1 .*. . « ft. ' o \ I I ■ I- . t" iil il 34 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1 804 " camp and had begun their march, but were still in '• sight. I pursued them with the cavalry, cut up " some, and took all their guns, baggage, bazaar, &c., " and followed them as long a? thc^ remained collected. " I had with mo the cavalry, the Seventy -fourth " regiment, the first of the eighth, and five hundred " men from other regiments." In a General Order, dated " Monday the 6th of February, 1804," this service is thus alluded to : — " Major-General Wellesley thanks the troops for the " persevering activity with which they underwent the " fatigues of the march on the 4th and 5th instant. I'hc " advance of the infantry under Major Swinton was " very proper, and in the best order. *' The detachment will halt to-morrow." In a letter of the 7th February, Major-General Wellesley added : — •' The exertion made by the troops is the greatest " I ever witnessed. Everything was over by twelve " o'clock on the 5th, and I think that by that time the " infantry must have marched 60 miles, from six in the " moming of the 4th. We halted from twelve in the " day till ten at night on the 4th, so that we marched " sixty miles, with infantry, in twenty hours." On this expedition, the infantry arrived at the point of attack at the same time with the cavalry ; it has often since been remarked by the Duke of Wellington as the greatest march he ever made. Major-General Wellesley left his army near Perinda, on the 24th of February, under the command of Lieut.- Colonel Wallace ; he returned to it in the end of May, but at Poonah, on the 24th of June, 1804, he finally gave up the command, leaving the Sevknty-fourth as part of the subsidiary force serving with the Pcshwah, SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (lIIOHLANDERS). 35 under Lieut.-Colonal Wallace, who had been promoted 1804 from a majority in the Seventy-fourth to the Lieu- tenant-Colonelcy of the 19th Dragoons, at the recom- mendation of General Wellesley, in consequence of his distinguished services at the battle of Assay e, and in succession to Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell, who was killed in that action. The following General Order was issued by Major- Gencral the Hon. Arthur Wellesley : — " Camp at Poonahf Sunday, 24th June, 1804. " General Order. " The following corps, &c., are to compose the sub- " sidiary force serving with His Highness the Peshwah, " under command of Lieut. -(Jolonel Wallace. " 5th and 7th regiments native cavalry. " Detachments of Madras, and Bombay artillery. • '* His Majesty's Seventy-fourth and 78th regi- ments. " 1st battalion, 2nd regiment, Madras native infantry. " 2nd battalion, 3rd " 1st battalion, 8th " 2nd battalion, 18th " Upon the occasion of quitting the army, in conse- *' quence of the orders of the Governor-General, Major- " General Wellesley once more returns his thanks to " the officers and troops, for their uniform good conduct " since he has had the honour of commanding them. " In the space of little more than a year, those in this " quarter in particular, now composing the subsidiary " forces serving with the Peshwah and the Soubahdar " of the Deccan, and those which arc under orders to " nmrch to thci southward, have been tried in every •' mode in which it is possible to try troops, and have d2 » » » » > > » > > » **3 36 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB 1804" uniformily manifested that patience under fatigues " and severity of climate, that activity and ])erseverancc *' in labour, and bravery and discipline in action, which •* are the characteristic qualities of the best soldiers ; " their success and the honour which the troops have " acquired, are proportionate to the good qualities " which they have displayed ; on which qualities Major- ** General Welleslcy has always iiad the fullest reliance " in every emergency of the service. He now recom- " mends to them an adherence to the principles which " have brought them with honour through so many " difficulties, as the certain pledge of future success. " Major-General Wellesley has frequently reported " the good conduct of the troops to the Commandcr-in- *' Chief and the Governor-General, and has recom- " mended them to the notice of their Excellencies, He " will not fail to recommend individuals, who have had " opportunities of distinguishing themselves, whenever " an occasion may offer, and he assures all, that he shall " ever remember and reflect with satisfaction on their " conduct and services, and that in every situation in " which he may be placed, he shall be happy to forward *' their views." In the month of August (a ru])ture with Holkar having been some time commenced,) Lieut.-Colonel Wallace and his division left Poonah, on march towards his country, and on the 8th of October reached Chandore, a strong hill fort in Candeish, which surrendered on the 12th ot Octol)cr ; they marched again on the 17th, and on the 'ilst of October reached Gaulnah, another hill fort, which surrendered after two days' battering. Such was the temper of the cov]»s, that when u]Km this occasio/i, for the last time in India, a call was made uixm it lor a forlom Ikhk', the whole regiment turned SEVENTY-FOUttTH REQIIdENT (UIOULANDERS). 37 out at once. The place was sumndcred, but it was an i804 ugly and imperfect breach, and had it been stormed, the party must have been drawn by lot. On the 3rd of November the division quitted Gaulnah, leaving a small garrison. On the 8th of May, 1805, the division was at 1805 Ahmednuggur, left it on the '24th, taking a nprthem direction, and arrived at Palud, forty miles beyond Aurungabad, on the 10th of June, when Lieut.-Colonel Wallace having received orders to send back to Ahmed- nuggur the troops bcionging to the Madras Presidency, the Seventy-fourth marched accordingly with the first, fifth, and seventh regiments of native cavalry, and six guns, under command of Lieut.-Colonel Huddlcstone, of the Company's sc-vice, and arrived at Ahmednuggur on the 24th of June. The regiment embarked at Bombay, and landed at Madras in July, 1805. The Sh;vENTY-FOURTH IIiGHLANDKKS having now served for sixteen years in the East Indies, during which they had been almost continually in the field, and acquired a character of unparalleled excellence for gallantry and good conduct, the small but gallant remnant of their many arduous campaigns was ordered to return to Europe. Tho following Order in Council was issued on the occasion by tho Governor, Lord William Bentinck. «» Fort St. George, dth September, 1805. " 'i'he Hight Honorable the CJovornor in Council, •' on the intended embarkation of therenuiining officers "and men of His MujeHty's Skventy-foi'rth regi- " ment, discharges a duty of tho highest satiKtaction to " his Lordship in Council, in bestowing on that dis- 38 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE J805 " tinguished corps a public testimony of his Lordship's " warmest respect and approbation. During a lonj^ " and eventful period of residence in India, the con- " duct of His Majesty's Seventy-fourtu regiment, *' whether in peace or war, has been equally exemplary " and conspicuous, having been not less remarkable for " the general tenor of its discipline, than for the most ** glorious achievements in the field. " Impressed with these sentiments, his Lordship in " Council is pleased to direct, that His Majesty's " Seventy-fourth regiment be held forth as an object " of imitation for the military establishment of this " Presidency, as his Lordship will ever reflect with " pride and gratification, that in the Actions, which have " led to the present pre-eminence of the British Empire " in India, the part so nobly sustained by that corps will " add lustre to the military annals of the country, and " crown the name of His Majesty's Seventy-fourth " regi^-^ent with immortal reputation. " It having been ascertained, to the satisfaction of the " Governor in Council, that the Officers of His Majesty's •• Seventy-fourth regiment were, during the lato '* cami)aign in the Deccan, subjected to extraordinary " expenses, which ho vr ))een aggravated by the arrange- " ments ccmnectcd with their embarkation for Europf, " his Lordship in Council has been pleased to resolve, " that those officers shall receive a gratuity equal to " three months' batta, as a further testimony of his •' Lor{lshi])'s ai)]nobati(m of their eminent services. " By order of th ■ Right Honorable the (Jovernor in Council. (Signed) " J. H. Wi.;hn. " Seridary to the (wovniimrnt." Alth«>ugh the history of the part lH>rne by the SEVBNTY-FOUltTH REOIMEMT (HIGHLANDERS). 39 S Skventy-fourth IIiGH^iANOERS in the more conspi- 1805 cuous and generally known operations of warfare, from the period of their formation until they returned from India, as recorded in the Regimental Books, and other authentic official documents, is now completed ; it remains to be noticed, that these greater operations formed a portion only of the continual conflicts and arduous services in which the regiment was engaged, (either as a corps, or by detachments,) of which no re- gular record has been preserved, but which contributed to raise its character to the exalted position it held in the opinion of the authorities, military and civil, of IJritish India, testified by the public documents already inserted. Some details illustrative of these services, and of the system of discipline which was established in the regiment, liave been communicated by Officers who served with it in India, and afterwards throughout the Peninsular War. One of these officers (Captain Cargill*), stated, in a letter of the 22nd of December, 1830, to Lieut.-Colonel Mein, who then commanded the regiment, and whoso personal knowledge of it extended over the samo period : — " 'I'he Seventy-fourth lives in my rccoUectu . under " two aspects, and during two distinct ejuichs. The first is *' the history and character of the regiuunt, from its for- mation to its return as a skeleton from Irsilia ; and the (( • Captain Cargill (miUtciI the uririy as EnsiK" >» tlic eighty fourth royrinionl on \\iv 'ilstof May, lHO'2, wu«. on tlio ','3r(J SoptciiiIxT, IHO.'t, prornotpcl t a Lit'iitt'tiancy in \\w Skykntv-foiibtii IIicu- i,ani>i:h8, am', d.i iho 3lRt DofriiilMT, IRI'2, to a i'oin|)atiy. Ho Aii>i present at •'"' liatlien of niMi''>), (wliere he wn» Heverely wounded), Vilfoiia, I'yrenees, Nivelie, Ni\e, ()rlhe^<,and Toidouw ; he rrtireil from the army on the l.st June, )8J0, and haa *<'nco rceeived tlio War Medul, and Clusp", lor ins scrvirnii. \ 40 HISTORICAL IlECOUD OF THE 1805 " second is that of the rcr^iment as it now exists, from *' its being embarked for the Peninsula iti January, •' 1810. " So far as field service is concerned, it has been the " good fortune of the corps to serve during both periods, " on the more conspicuous occasions, under the great " Captain of the age ; under him also, during tho latter " period, it received the impress ofthat character which " attaches to most regiments that were ])laced in the " saiP" *' 'nces, which arose from the regulations " ini.oduccd by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, " and the practical application of them by a master " mind in the great school of the Peninsular War. Uni- " fbrmity was thus given; and t. j Skventv-fourtii, " like every other corps which has had the same train- " ing, must acknowledge the hand under which its ** present character was mainly impressed. But it was " not so with the Sevdnty-fourtu in India. At that " time every regiment had its distinctive character and " system broadly marked, and which was generally " found to have arisen from the materials of which it " had been originally composed, and the tact of the " officer by whom it had been embodied and trained. '* The Seventy-fouutii in these respects had been " fortunate, and the tone and discij)linc introduced by " the late Sir Archibald Campbell, together with the " chivalrous spirit and noble emulation imbibed by " the corps in these earlier days of eastern conipu'st, ** had iinpreased upon the t)fficers the most covrect i)er- " ception uf tiiiMr duties, not (mly as regards internal "economy and the gradation of military rank, but " alsi) an re^jirdH the Government under which tliey '* Herved. It ww, perhaps, the most perfect that could " well exist. U was participated in by the men, and SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (llIGIILANDEUS). 41 " certainly c'laracterized the regiment in a strong 1805 ■" degree. " It was an established principle in the old Seventv- " FOURTH, that whatever was required of the soldier, " should be strikingly set before him by his officers, " and hence the most minute point of ordinary duty " was regarded by the latter, as a matter in which his " honor was implicated. The duty of the officer of iiv " day was most rigidly attended to ; the officer on duty " remaining in full uniform, and without parting with " his sword even in the nottest weather, and under all " circmnstances, and frequently going the rounds of " the cantonments during the night. An exchange of " duty was almost never heard of, and the same system " was carried into every duty and department, with the '• most advantageous effect upon the spirit and habits " of the men. " Intem])cranco wn an evil habit fostered by climate " and the great facility of indulgence ; but it was a " point of honor among the men, never t<> indulge wlien '' near an enemy, and 1 often heard it observed, that " this rule was never known to be broken, even under " the protracted o])erations of a siege. On such occasions " ihe ollicers had no troul)le with it, the principle being " upheld by the men th<. .isdves. " On one occasion, while five Seventv-iouktm was in " garrison at Madras, and liad receivid a route to nuiriih " up ihe country, there was a mutiny among tlu' CJoin- " pany's artillery at the Mount. The evening belbrc " th( regiment set out it was reported that tliey had "some kind of leaning towards the mutineers; tlie " wiu)le cor])s felt most indignant at the calumny, but " no notice was taken of it by the commanding officer. " In the morning, however, he numhed early, and made i 42 mSTOttlCAL RECORD OF THE 1805 " direct for the Mount, where he unfurled the colours, " and marched through the cantonments with fixed " bayonets. By a forced march he reached his proper " destination before midnight, and before dismissing " the men, he read them a short but pithy despatch, " which he sent off to the Government, stating the in- " dignation of every man of the corps at the libellous " rumour, and that he had taken i\n\ liberty of gratify- " ing his men, by showing to the mutineers those colours " which were ever faithfully devoted to the service of " the Government. The circuinstance had pIso a happy " effect upon the mutineers who had hoard tiie report, " but the stern aspect of the regiment dispelled the " illusion, and they submitted to their officers." The losses sustained by the regiment in ofHcen-s and men, on many occasions, of which no accc int has been kept, were very great, particularly during the last six vcars of its India" service. That gallant Vetera. 'Quarter-master Grant, who had been in the regiment from . '> time it was raised, fought at Assaye, and retumed with it to England, used to say that he had seen nearly three different sets of officers during the ])eriod, the greater part of whom had fallen in battle or died of wounds, the regiment having been always very healthy.* The memory of many individual acts of gallantry i)erformed by officers and men has been lost, and bef()r(^ the Skvi^ntv-fouutm left India, nearly all of the men who were fit fi)r service, availed Jiemselves of the pri- vilege of volunteering for other regiments, to remain in a country to which they had become attached. One itf these excelhmt soldiers, of the (irenadier ("oinpany, is * Sec list of Officers who died during the service of tho regiment in tho Eftst Indies, in Appendix No. 3, piigo 120. i.>EVENTY-FOUUTn UEGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 43 iTientioncd as having volunteered on nine forlorn hopes, 1805 including Scringapatam. The regiment eiabarked (a mere skeleton as to effec- tive men,) at Madras on the 8th of September, 1805, and landed at Portsmouth on the IGth of February, 1806. 1806 Lieut. -Colonel Samuel Swinton returned to England in command of the regiment. He had been fii*st appointed to it, as Lieutenant and Adjutant, on the 2.Jth of De- cember, 1787, and remained with it throughout its Indian service. He was promoted to a Majority on the 17th of May, 1800. As a Major he commanded the regiment during the campaigns of 1803 and 1804, (both the Lieut.-Colonels, Shaw and Campbell, being absent, and the other regimental Major, Licut.-Colonel Wallace, being in command of a brigade.) lie was severely wounded at Assaye. He had been promoted to the seventy -fifth regiment on the 13th of May, 1805, before his return to England. The regiment has received the Royal authority to bear on iia colours and appointments, the words *' Seuingapatam" and" Assave," in commemoration of its distinguished services at the cai)ture of Seringapatam on the 1th of May, 17U9, and at the battle of Assaye, on the 2.'5rd of September, 1803; and also to bear a third cok)ur for Assaye, conferred by the order of the (iovernoi*- (ieneralof India, as already menticmed, and ])resented t-» the regiment b> the I'uist India Company, in conse- (juence, iiowever, of the inconvenience caused by taking a third otllcer from his diit} to carry this colour, it has been since ordered by the Commander-in-Chief to be discon- tinued in the field, and to be carried only " at reviews, inspections, and on gala days."* * Tlu'sc onliTs w«To coiituimnl in ii letter iuldrr^scd to tlic Lioiit - (Ji-ncral coiiimuinlinir i!io I'orcrH in Irt'lund, by tlir Afljutaiit-Cit'iicnii, (lat.Ml llursi. Cn.inl), Jllst .\iiLrii,f. IH.'lo. li hJ u IIISTOarCAL RECORD OF THE 180G On the return of the regiment from India it wan ordered to resume the kilt as its dress, and to proceed immediately to Scotland to recruit to the establishment, which was fixed as as follows : — 1 Colonel. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel. 2 Majors. 12 Lieutenants- 8 Ensigns. 1 Pay-Master. 10 Captains. 1 Adjutant. 1 Qup'.ur-Master 1 Surgeon. 2 Assistant Surgeons. 1 Serjeant-Major. 1 Quarter-Master-Scrjcant. 1 Pay-Master-Serjcant. 1 Armourer-Serjeant. 40 Serjeants. 40 Corporals. 20 Drummers. 2 Filers. 760 Privates. 90C Total ol" all ranks, officers and men. The rcjjimcnt embarked for Scotland at Greenwich on the 2nd March, 1800, and was stationed at Dum- barton Castle, and afterwards at Glasj^ow, until the 1808 end of April, 1808, when it was ordered to Fort George, and arrived there in the end of May ; there were at this time still 400 men wanting to complete it to its establishment. Although every exeition was made, and a numl)er of recruiting ])arties stationed throughout the north of Scotland, they did not succeed well enough to fill up the ranks, by exclusively national recruiting, with sufficient rapidity, the cull for regiments to pro- ceed on active service being urgent. Thv regiment was then ordered to hvland.and to be oom])leted by volun- teers from the l]nglish and Irish as well as Scotch regiments of militia. It marched from Fort George 1809 on ihv. 2<.)th January, 1800; embarked at Port Patrick SEVB on the Is following In the received i land drest the follov clothed a line ; it h regiment Lieut." Lieut.-C< its return L.ieut.-C was app Officer i McPhers Onth for FeiTT commen( the 21st the 11 til cmbarkc Monkst 24th Ja The ruary, 1 and sta arrange Majo Lisbon on the pleased * For piigo 13(1 8EVENTY-FOURTU REGIMENT (UIGULANDERS). 45 ighland led it on on the 1st March, and landing at Drogheda on the 1809 following day, proceeded to Newry. In the beginning of May, 1809^ a notification was received from the Adjutant-General that the High- land dress of the regiment was to be discontinued in the following year, and that it was afterwards to be clothed and appointed as English reg "■ s of the line ; it however retained the designation regiment until the year 1816. Lieut.-Colonel Malcolm McPherson i Lieut.-Colonel Swinton in command of tii> its return from India ; and on the 21st September, 1809, l-icut.-Colonel the Honourable Robert Le Poci Trench was appointed Lieut.-Colonel, from Inspecting Field Officer in Canada, by exchange with Lieut.-Colonel McPherson. On the 19th December the regiment received a route for Fermoy, in order to embark for the Peninsula ; it commenced its march from Newry in five divisions on the 21st December, 1809, and arrived at Fermoy on the 1 1th January, 1810; marched for Cork on the 18th, 1810 embarked in four transports for the Peninsula, at Monkstown, on the 19th, and sailed from Cove on the 24th January.* The transports entered the Tagus on the 5th Feb- ruary, the regiment was disembarked on the 10th, and stationed in the convent of San Benito, making arrangements for the campaign. Major-General Picton, who about this time landed at Lisbon on his way to the army, inspected the regiment on the 20th February, and expressed himself much pleased with its appearance. On the 27th, the regiment * For shite of the rt'giinont on embarkation, ?eo Apiiendi.x No, A, pjigo l.'W. Ki"*;': 4", ^^^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I k^t2A |25 |jo ^^" M^H ■tt Ui2 12.2 Lo 12.0 m lU u IL25 i 1.4 14 I 1.6 °> ^'\ IliolDgraphic Sciences Corporation 39 Wnt MAIN ITillT WIIITIi.N.V. MSW (7U) •n-4S03 V 16 UISTORICAL RECORD OF TUE gl 1810 commenced its march from Lisbon to join the allied army under Lord Wellington, of which the head quarters were then at Viseu, proceeding by Santarem, Villa Franca, Alcoentra, Rio Mayor and Carvalhos to Leiria, where it was halted, on account of excessively heavy rains, from the 4th until the 10th of March, and thence marching by Pombal, Condeixa, Coimbra, Meal- hada, Martigao and Tondclla, reached Viseu on the i 6th of March. While halted at Viseu, Colonel Trench took an opportunity of communicating to the regiment a com- pliment paid to its character by the same illustrious Commander under whom it had served in the East, who had on the previous day inquired the number of men remaining with the corps who had fought at Assayc ; and had told the Colonel, that " if the Seventy-fourth *' would behave in that country as they had done in I ndia, " he ought to be proud to command such a regi.aent." The regiment having been detailed to the third (Major-Genoral Picton's) division, which was then stationed at Pinhel, marched from Viseu on the '20th, and reached Pinhel on the 31st of March. The 3rd Division was thus composed : — Ist Brigade, called Majov-Gencral Picton's, but commanded by Colonel Henry McKinnon, con- sisted of the first battalion 45th, the Seventy- FoiiuTH, the H8th, and three companies fifth battalion OOth regiments. 2nd Brigade, Major-General Lightbumo's, 5th, second battalion 58th, aud second battalion 83rd regiments. The Skventy-fourth remained until the end of th(» wnr in the same division, Ix-rtrinrj » (listinguishod ])art in all tiie services, wiiiih earned its well known SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (uiGULANDERS) 47 appellation of the Fighting Division. These services, 1810 and the great military operations for the emanci- pation of the Peninsula, in the course of which they were performed, ire recorded in the general history of the war ; and can never be forgotten until the fame of Wellington and the glories of the British arms shall have alike passed into oblivion. In the annals of any one regiment, however distinguished, these great operations can be noticed only to such an extent as may be indispensably necessary to indicate the precise occasions which called for its services. At the commencement of 1810, the French, although driven from Portugal by the British victories of the pre- vious year, had been largely reinforced, and had overrun and reduced to subjection nearly the whole of Spain, with a force of not less than 370,000 men and 80,000 horses. A part of this immense host, called the Army of Por- tugal, consisting of their 2nd. 6th and 8th corps, and numbering 87,000 men, was about to advance under one of Na|)olcon's most skilful Generals (Marshal Masscna) with the confident and proud boast that they would drive the English into the sea. Lord Wellington had to oppose them only about "23,000 British troops, organised in five divisions of infantry and one of cavalry, but ho had been appointed Marshal General of the Portuguese armies, which had been disciplined uiuh i British officers, and were in a fit state to give efficient aid in the defence of their country. The allied forces were cantoned along the north-east- ern frontier of Portugal, the light division being in advance between the rivers Coa and Agueda, watching tlie French movements, and the 3rd division in supjmrt of it at Pinhcl. 'I'lu' I'ncm^ coiiniK'nrod lutixf o|i('rati<»nH by la)inj^- 48 HISTOllICAL RECORD OF THE 1810 siege to the fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo in the beginning of June, but nothing to affect the 3rd division occurred during the siege, except that on the 19th of June the 1st brigade was sent to the banks of the Coa, and bivouacked there for ten days. The fortress surrendered on the 1 1 th of July, and after the gallant but hazardous combat between the light division and the French ad- vance on the 24th of July, they passed the Coa in over- whelming numbers, and the retrograde movement, and concentration of the allies behind the Mondego river, immediately commenced. The Seventy-fourth, with the rest of the 3rd di- vision, was drawn back to Linhares on the night of the 25th of July, and remained there until the 19th of August, on which day, the French being occupied with the siege of Almeida, it was advanced to Villa Franca ; but Almeida having surrendered on the 27th, the allies were again withdrawn to their former ])08itions. The French line of invasion was not finally indicated until the middle of September, when they commenced their advance into Portugal along the right bank of the Mondego. Lord Wellington, notwithstanding their vastiy supe- rior numbers, determined to give them battle in the position of Busaco, a lofty and rugged bierra or moun- tain ridge, extending about eight inllcs in a northerly direction from the Mondego and crossing their line of march. The 3rd division, on the 2l8t of September, ])assed over the Mondego to Pena Cova, moved on the 22nd to a bivouac near Contisa at the foot of the sierra, and ascended in the afternoon of the 2r)th to the station it was to occupy in the ap])roaching battle. On the 'iHth nil the divisions nf flic allied nnny were assembled in their ri'8]»eclivo ]K)silions ; the 2nd SEVENTY- FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 49 (Lord Hill's) division on the extreme right guarding 1810 the declivities towards the Mondego; next to it the 5th (General Leith's) division ; then the 3rd division, having the 1st (General Spencer's) division on i*^s left, occupying the highest part o{ the ridge ; then the light (General Craufurd's) division at the convent cl' Busaco ; and the 4th (General Cole's) division on the extreme left. In front, within cannon shot and in ftiU view of the Allied position, was assembled Marshal Massena's army, 70,000 strong, occupying the opposite range of mountains ; the day passed over peaceably, but during the evening and night small parties of skirmishers, passing up the dark ravines, attempted to establish them- selves close to the British line, and kept all upon the alert. The position of Busaco, although formidable from the steepness and rugged character of its face, was too ex- tensive to be completely occupied by the 25,000 British, and the same numbcrof Portuguese troops, which formed the allied army, and there was an interval of about two miles between the left of the fifth and the right of the third division, which occupied the lowest and most ac- cessible part of the position. The right brigade was thus distributed : the Seventy-fourth across the road leading from St. Antonio de Cantara to Coimbra, having two Portuguese guns on its right, and still ftirthcr to the right the ninth and twenty-first Portuguese regiments. On the left of the Seventy-fourth was the eighth Portuguese, and beyond them the eighty-eighth and forty-fifth regi- ments, occupying the crest of a hill considerably to the left. Shortly before daybreak on the 27th of September, the French formed five columns of attack, three of their fith coii)8. under Marshal Niy, against the left of the British position, occupied by the light division, and two Vs I * 50 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1810 of their 2nd corps, under General Regnier, against the third division. The advance of these two last-mentioned columns was preceded by a cannonade from fourteen pieces of artillery, which caused some casualties in the ranks of the regiment. Captain Langlands, of the Seventy-fourth, had a narrow escape ; he was knocked down by a nine- pounder shot, which passed through his cap, and was supposed to be killed, but he rose again uninjured, and was congratulated by Major-Gencral Picton on his good fortune. It being very trying to the young soldiers, of whom the Seventv-fourth regiment was chiefly com- posed, to be kept standing inactive when now under fire for the first time, Colonel Trench shortly addressed them, calling upon them to remember Assaye, and to imitate the former distinguished conduct of the regiment in India. Both columns of the enemy advanced to the attack of the Allied position, with the usual impetuous rush of French troops, and preceded by a cloud of skirmishers. Of these columns the one to the left was, on reaching the top of the ridge, occupied by the eighty-eighth irnd forty-fifth regiments, attacked and driven back by them aftor a severe and gallant contest. Meanwhile, the other column advanced upon the Skventy-foubth, by the road from St. Antonio de Cantara ; the two right companies of the regiment were immediately detached, with the Rifle coni])anios belonging to the brigade, and drove back the enemy's skirmishers with great vigour, nearly to the foot of the Sierra.* * Lictit. Alvcs, who belonged tu one of those companies, says in his Journal, "The pleasure I experienced in advancing after the " enemy, instead of remaining exjmsed and inactive as wo were, can- " not l)e cxprcsRotl." Tiiis ollieer (now Mujor of tlie De|K)t Dattulion in the Isle of Wij^'lif) wns prosont with tlio SKVKNTV-rorBTn during ovcry march and service iu which it was engaged, from it$ first landing and coulc liad as in the abscnc by him red, th jorAI * A part u of Por station which SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 51 The first advance of the French column was repulsed IB 10 by the close and steady fire of the regiment, aided by the ninth and twenty-first Portuguese, before it reached the top of the ridge ; but the attack was renewed with greater numbers to force the road guarded by the Seventy-fourth ; and the eighth Portuguese on its left, being thrown into confusion, the Seventy -fourth regiment was placed in a most critical situation, with its left flank exposed to the overwhelming force of the enemy. Fortunately, General Leith had observed the danger, and detached two regiments (the 9th and 38th) of the fifth division, which passing from the right, along the rear of the Seventy-fourth, in double quick time, the leading regiment (the 9th) met the head of the French column, just as it crowned the ridge, in the space vacated by the Portuguese, and drove them with irresistible force from the crest of the position down the precipice. The Seventy-fourth then advanced with the ninth, and kept up a fire upon the enemy as long as they could be reached. This attack, upon which the enemy had chiefly relied, having been thus repulsed, as well as those made by them upon the left of the allied position, the fate of the day was finally decided, and they desisted from further efforts, after sustaining a loss of above 5000 men killed and wounded.* Major -General Picton, commanding the division, in the Pcninsulauntil its return homo in 1814, withoutone single day's absence from the regiment throughout tlic period. To tlie journal i•> 58 HISTORICAL RKCOBD OF TEE I 1811 village being then relieved by the light division, the regiment was withdrawn to its former position. The casual ies in the Seventy-fourth on this day were : — killed, one officer. Ensign Johnston, one Ser- jeant, and four rank and file ; wounded, three officers, Captains Shawe, McQueen, and Adjutant White, and sixty-four rank and file.* The Seventy-fourth regiment has received the Royal authority to bear on the Regimental colour and appointments the words " Fuentes d* Onor," in com- memoration of its services in this battle. On the three following days the regiment remained stationary, and large working parties were employed in throw inir up entrenchments to protect the right of the position behind the village of Fuentes, but the French did not renew the attack, and having failed in their attempt to relieve Almeida, re-crossed the Agucda on the 10th of May. Marshal Marmont then superseded Massena in his command of the army of Portugal. The regiment was moved back to its former canton- ments at Nave d' Aver, but marched from thence with the rest of the third and the seventh divisions on the 14th for Badajoz, and crossing the Tagus by boats to Niza on the 20th, reached Campo Mayor on the 23rd of May. It advanced from thence and crossed the Gua- diana, above Badajoz, on the 28th. I'ho second British ■iego of that fortress then commenced, with the attack of the castle by the third, and of San Christoval by the seventh division on the 3Uth May. The batteries opened on the 3rd June. 'I'he assaults of San Christoval by the seventh division on the 0th and 9th having failed, the sii'gu wa» abandoned, and turned into a blockade * For non-com rniKsionoti otiicurB and men killud and wounded, »('< Appendix, No. 0, [wge 134. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 59 on the 13th June ; but the French army of Portugal, 1811 under Marshal Marmont, having now cfTccted a junction with that of the south, under Marshal Soult, they advanced together 1j relieve Badajoz, and the Allied troops were withdrawn to Campo Mayor. On the 17th, the other divisions of the allies having arrived from the north, the whole army was placed upon the Caya river, and a great battle was expected ; but the enemy having withdrawn, Marshal Soult to the south, and Marshal Marmont to the valley of the Tngus, the Allies com- menced their return northward in the middle of July. The Seventy-fourth regiment marched on the 1 8th July, reached Albergaria on the 9th August, and was there cantoned until the middle of September ; during this period the allied army blo:.Vadcd Ciudad Rodrigo. The regiment was, on the 17th September, advanced to El Bodon on the Agueda, and on the 22nd to Pastores, within three miles of Ciudad Rodrigo, forming, with the throe companies of the COth, the advanced guard of the third division, which occupied the central position of the allied army, the light division being on its right beyond the Agueda. On the 23rd the French, under Marshal Marmont, advanced to Ciudad Rodrigo on the north-east side, and on the following day introduced a convoy. On the 25th they advanced thirty squadrons of cavalry, fourteen battalions of infantry, and twelve gum, under General Montbrun, from Ciudad Rodrigo. direct upon the main body of the third division at El Hodon, and caused it to retire, surrounded and continually threaten d by overwhelming numbers of cavalry, over a plain for ■ix miles, to Guinaldo. The Seventy-fourth, and the companies of the six- tieth, under Licut.-Culonol Trend), at Pastores, wore 60 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1811 completely cut off from the rest of the division by the French advance, and were left without orders ; but they succeeded in passing the Agueda by a ford, and making a very long detour through Robledo, where they captured a party of French cavalry, recrossed the Agueda, and joined the division in bivouac near Guinaldo, at about two o'clock on the morning of the 26th. It was believed at head-quarters that this detachment had been all captured, although Major-General Picton, much pleased at their safe return, said he thought he must have heard more firing before the Seventy-fourth could be taken. After a rest of an hour or two, the regiment was again under arms, and drawn up in position at Guinaldo before daybreak, with the remainder of the third and the fourth division. The French army, 60,000 strong, being united in their front, they retired at night about twelve miles to Alfayates. The regiment was again under arms at Alfayates throughout the 27th, during the skirmish in which the fourth division was engaged at Aldea de Ponte. On this occasion the men were so much exhausted by the continued exertions of the two preceding days, that one hundred and twenty-five of them were unable to remain in the ranks, and were ordered to a village across the Coa, where eighty died of fatigue. This disaster reduced the effective strength of the regiment below that of twelve hundred, required to form a second battalion, which had been ordered during the previous month, and the requisite strength was not gain reached during the war. During the night the allies moved to a position near Sabugal, on the Coa, but the enemy did not attack, and retired on the 2Hth. The Sevknty-fouktii regiment was, with a few inter- vals, cantoned from the beginning of October at Aldea If) SEVENTY- FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 61 de Ponte, wher« whole of Major-General McKin- 1811 non's brigade war, after the beginning of December, employed in making fascines and gabions for the pro- jected siege of Ciudad Rodrigo. Every preparation for the siege having been made with the utmost possible secrecy, the third division marched on the 4th January, 1812, and crossing the Agueda by the bridge of Villor, 1812 reached Robledo the same night. This was an exceed- ingly long and severe march, lasting from six o'clock in the morning until eleven at night, and the intense cold, heavy rain, and dreadfully bad roads, caused many men of all the regiments to be left behind, some of whom perished ; but the Seventy-fourth, animated by the prospect of immediate service, were able to muster every man present on the following day. On the 7th, the third division was cantoned in the village of Zamorra, about five miles from Ciudad Rodrigo, where it remained during the siege. There being no camp equipage or cover of any kind for the troops nearer than the villages in which they were can- toned, at distances varying from five to eight miles from Rodrigo, one of the divisions employed (the first, third, fourth, and light) marched from its cantonments, carrying cooked provisions, and relieved the preceding division at noon each day, remaining on the ground and furnishing all the guards of the trenches and working parties for twenty-four hours. The distances the men had to march, together with the extreme cold of the weather, which prevented their taking any rest during their tour of twenty-four hours' duty, rendered the work of the siege most laborious and trying. On the Sth January, in the evening, the light division stormed the redoubt Rcnaud on tht< hill cj^llfd the Upper Teson, and o|)cned the treuihes. 'J'he third division had the duty of the 62 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1812 trenches on the 11th and 15th, and again on the 19th of January, when two breaches having been reported prac- ticable, although the counterscarp was still entire, the assault was ordered to take place at seven o'clock in the evening, by the third and light divisions. The assault of the great breach was confided to Major-General McKinnon's brigade, preceded by a storming party of five hundi'ed men under Major Manners, of the Seventy- fourth, with a forlorn hope under Lieut. Mackie, of the eighty-eighth regiment. There were two columns of the fifth and ninety-fourth regiments ordered to attack and clear the ditch and fausse-hraie on the right of the breach, the light division to storm the small breach on the left, and a false attack on the opposite side of the town to be made by Major-General Pack's Portu- guese brigade. Immediately after dark, Major-General Picton formed tho third division in the first parallel and approaches, and lined the parapet of the second parallel with the eighty- third regiment, to cover the attack by its fire. At the apjwinted hour the attack commenced, and immediately a heavy discharge of musketry was opened from tho trenches, under cover of which one hundred and fifty sapj)crs, directed by two engineer oflicers, and Captain Thomson* of the Seventy-fourth, advanced from the second parallel to the crest of the glacis, carrying bags filled with hay, which they threw down the counterscarp into the ditch, and thus reduced its height from thirteen and a-half to eight feet ; they then fixed the ladders, and the brigade, in conjunction with the fifth and ninety -fourth regiments, which arrived at tho Hamo moment along the ditch from the right, immediately * Nuw Mttjur-Cioiivrul Aloxuiidcr Tliuiusuii, C.ii. SEVENTY-FOURTH REQUIENT (HIGHLANDERS). 63 pushed up the breach, and after a short struggle with 1812 the bayonet gained the summit ; but the enemy had strongly retrenched it, and maintained a hot fire of musketry upon them from traverses on either side ; the top of the breach was also raked with grape, from two guns flanking it at the distance of a few yards. The contest was short but severe ; officers and men fell in heaps, killed and wounded, and many were thrown down the scarp into the main ditch, a depth of thirty feet ; but by desperate efforts directed along the parapet on both flanks, the assailants succeeded in turning the re- trenchments. The garrison then abandoned the ram- part, having first exploded a mine in the ditch of the retrenchment, by which Major-Gcncral McKinnon and many of the bravest and most forward perished in the moment of victory. General Vandeleur's brigade of the light division had advanced at the same time to the attack of the lesser breach on the left, which, being with- out interior defence, was less obstinately disputed, and the fortress was won. LordWellington, in his despatch, dated 20th January, thus speaks of the third division : — " The conduct of all parts of the third division, in " the operations which they performed with so much " gallantry and exactness on the evening of the 19th, " in the dark, affords the strongest proof of the abi- " lities of Licut.-General Picton and Major-General *• McKinnon, by whom they were directed and led ; but " I beg particularly to draw your Lordship's attention to '• the conduct of Lieut.-Colonel O'Toole, second Ca^a- " dores, Major ilidgc, fifth foot, Licut.-Coloncl Camp- " bell, ninety-fourth. Major Manners, Seventy-fourth, '* mid t)f Mnjor CJrcy. fifth foot, who has been twice •* wounded during this siogc. 64 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1812 " It is but justice also to the third division to report, " that the men who performed the sap belonged to the " forty -fifth, Seventy-fourth, and eighty-eighth regi- " ments, under the command of Captain McLeod of " the Royal Engineers, and Captain Thomson of the " Seventy-fourth, Lieut. Beresford of the eighty- " eighth, and Lieut. Metcalfe of the forty-fifth ; and " they distinguished themselves not less in the storm of •* the place than they had in the performance of their *' laborious duty during the siege." The casualties in the regiment during the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo were : — killed, six rank and file ; wounded, five officers. Captains Langlands and Collins, Lieutenants Tew and Ramadge, and Ensign Atkinson, two Serjeants, and twenty-four rank and file.* The Skventv-fourth have received the Royal authority to bear on the Regimental colour and appoint- ments, the words "Ciudad Rodhigo," in commemo- ration of their services at the capture of that fortress. Major Manners received the brevet of Lieut.-Colo- nel for his services on this occasion. The unlooked for rapidity with which this formida- ble fortress had been captured, astonished the French General, who had assembled an army of sixty thou- sand men for its relief, which now again retired to its winter quarters. On the day after the capture, the Skventy-fourth regiment returned to its cantonments at Zamorra, and in the beginning of February was moved to Lcgiosa. Meanwhile the defences of Ciudad Rodrigo were restored, and preparations secretly made for the siege of Badajoz, on which Lord Wellington had now deter- mined. The army was put in movement for that des- * For nBinos of non-commissioned officors and m<'n killed and wounded at Ciudnd Rodrigo, .^cr AjtpiMidix No. 6, pnge 135. no- SEVEMTY- FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 65 tination at the end of February. The Seventy-fourth 1812 marched on the 25th February, reached Elvas on the 15th March, and on the 16th crossed the Guadiana, two miles below Badajoz, when the enemy's piquets were driven in, and the place invested on the left of the Guadiana, by the third, fourth, and light divi- sions, and a brigade of Portuguese. On the 17th March the third division was stationed on the south-east side of the town, nearly on the ground it occupied at the former siege ; and the men of the forty-fifth, Seventy- fourth, and eighty-eighth regiments, who had been employed as sappers at Ciudad Rodrigo, were again so employed at Badajoz. The frst parallel was on this night commenced oppo- site f o Fort Picurina, and continued on the 18th, but the work was much impeded by continued heavy rain. On the 19th the garrison made a sortie with fifteen hundred infantry and a party of cavalry, from behind the Picurina, driving back the working party and guard of the trenches from the parallel ; their cavalry penetrated to the engineer depots, causing great con- fusion and some loss. The Seventy-fourth was the first regiment under arms, and advanced under Major- General Kempt (who had succeeded Major-General McKinnon in command of the brigade) in double quick time, to the plain on the right, opposite to the castle, and with the guard of the trenches, drove back the enemy, who sustained a loss of three hundred officers and men. The attack was continued as rapidly as possible, but was impeded by very heavy rain, which rendered the work in the trenches extremely laborious, until the '25th, when the batteries opened nf>ainst the ])lac'e. On this night Fort Picurina was assaulted and carried by five hundred men of the third r 66 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE i 1812 division, two hundred of whom were under Major Shaw of the Seventy-fourth, two hundred under Major Rudd of the seventy-seventh, and one hundred under Captain Powis of the eighty-third regiment. This strong and important outwork is in the form of a bastion of nearly two hundred feet faces and seventy feet flanks, the rear being closed by a front of fortifica- tion ; there were seven pieces of ordnance mounted on the ramparts ; and the garrison, of nearly three hun- dred men, was commanded by a colonel on the staff* The detachments advanced to the attack at ten o'clock, and immediately alarms were sounded in the town, rockets thrown up, and a fire opened from all the ram- parts on the work. The obstacles to an escalade were great, and the resistance of the garrison most deter- mined ; but after a hot and doubtful contest, in which the assailants lost four ofiUcers and fifty men killed, and fifteen officers and two hundred and fifty men wounded, the work was carried. Of the garrison a few escaped, three officers and eighty men were made pri- soners, but the greater part were killed in the fight. Of the Seventy-fourth Captain Collins and Lieu- tenant Ramado^e (acting engineer) were killed, and Major Shawe dangerously wounded ; he, however, reco- vered, and received the brevet of Lieut.-Colonel for his share in this gallant exploit. Immediately after the Picurina was taken, three battalions were moved up for its ])rotection, a lodgment was made in it, and the second parallel was commenced, but not completed until the night of the 26th. The operations in the trenches were pushed forward with the greatest vigour, still under heavy rain, and the men consequently working ankle deep in mud. On the 30th and Slst breaching batteries opened C< SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 67 against the Santa Maria and La Trinidad bastions; 1S12 and the breaches having been reported practicable on the 5tn of April, the assault was ordered to take place at ten o'clock on the night of the 6th. " Then," in the words of Napier, " the soldiers eagerly made themselves " ready for a combat so furiously fought, so terribly " won, so dreadful in all its circumstances, that pos- " terity can scarcely be expected to credit the tale, but " many are still alive who know that it is true." It was ordered, that on the right, the third division was to file out of the trenches, to cross the Rivillas river, and to scale the castle walls, which were from eighteen to twenty-four feet high, furnished with all means of destruction, and so narrow at top that the defenders could easily reach and overturn the ladders. On the left, the 5th division was to make a false attack on the Pardaleras outwork, and a real assault on the Bastion San Vincente. In the centre, the fourth division was to assault the breach in the face of the Bastion La Trinidad, and the light division that in the flank of the Bastion Santa Maria. The third division was drawn up on the extreme right, close to the Bivillas river, waiting the signal to attack, when a lighted carcass, thrown from the castle, discovered them to the enemy, and obliged them, and also the other as!>aulting columns, to anticipate the signal by al)out half an hour. They advanced on the night of the 6th April, at about half-past nine o'clock, led by Major- Gcneral Kempt,* across the Rivillas by a narrow bridge in single file, under a terrible fire from all the eastern works, and re-forming, ascended the hill to the foot of the castle wall with perfect regularity. Here General * Now General t ho Ilight Honorable Sir Jiimcs Kempt, G.C.B., Colonel of tho First or Royal Regiment of Foot. f2 ea HISTORICAL RECORD OF THB 1812 Kempt fell wounded, and was carried to the rear, and General Picton, who had just come up, assumed the com- mand of the division. The assailants now spreading along the front, endeavoured to plant their ladders, some against the castle walls and some against the adjoining front on the left ; but the opposition to an escalade was most obstinate. The defenders, by means of logs of wood, large stones, and loaded shells, ranged along the para- pet, crushed those employed to rear the foremost ladders, and shot and bayoneted all who ascended those that were first fixed. By the perseverance and determined exertions of Lieut.- General Picton and the officers of the division, fresh men were continually brought up as the foremost fell, and an entrance was at last forced by one ladder ; this being effected, the resistance slackened, and the remaining ladders were quickly reared, by which the men ascended,and established themselveson the ramparts. Lieutenant Alexander Grant of the Seventy-fourth > led the advance at the escalade, and on getting into the castle, went on with a few men through the gate into the town, but his small party was met and driven back by superior numbers ; on his return he was un- fortunately shot by a French soldier concealed in the gateway, and mortally wounded in the head ; he was able, however, to descend the ladder, and was carried to the bivouac, and trepanned, but died two days afterwards. Another among the foremost in the escalade was John McLauchlan, the regimental piper, who, the instant he mounted the castle wall, began playing on his pipes the regimental quick step, " The Campbells are coming," at the head of the advance along the ramparts, as coolly as if on a common parade, until his music was stopped by a shot through the bag ; he was afterwards seen by an officer of the regiment seated on a gun- SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 69 carriage quietly repairing the damage, regardless of 1812 the shot flying about him ; and presently recommenced his animating tune. Immediately after the escalade, according to the instructions previously received from Major-General Kempt, thirty or forty men of the Seventy-fourth were sent under Lieutenant Alves to the gate, with orders to close it, which they did with stones and rubbish ; this was scarcely accomplished, when an unsuccess^l attempt was made by a strong body from the town to force an entrance by the gate, now barricaded against them. During the escalade of the castle, the heroic assaults on the retrenched breaches by the fourth and light divisions had been made and repulsed, when about mid- night, after two thousand men had fallen, Lord Welling- ton, who was on a height close to the quarries, sent orders to the Commanding Officer to retire, and form for a fresh effort, a little before daybreak. Immediately after this order was issued Lieut.-General Picton's aide- decamp arrived to report that the third division was in the castle, and received orders for Lieut.-General Picton to blow down the gates, but otherwise to remain quiet until morning, when he should sally out with two thousand men at the time of the assault. The capture of the castle, however, and the escalade of the Bastion St. Vinciente, by the fifth division, hav- ing turned the retrenchments, there was no further resistance, and the fourth and light divisions marched into the town by the breaches. The third division remained under arms in the castle until daylight, when the gate was opened, and permis- sion given to enter the town. The storming of Badajoz, in which the Seventy- fourth took so distinguished a part, was probably the 70 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1812 most celebrated of the many gallant exploits performed by the Peninsular army, and is thus s])oken of by the highest authorities on the subject. Sir John Jones, after describing the defences of the castle, says: — '' In ordinary military reasoning, such a " spot would be considered secure from assault, but the "efforts of British troops occasionally set all calculation " at defiance ; and when a few years shall have swept " away the eye-witnesses of their achievements on this " night, they will not be credited."* And the historian of the Peninsular war thus ends his eloquent narrative of this siege, and of some distin- quished traits of individual heroism : — " Nor would I be understood to select these as pre- *' eminent ; many and signal were the other examples of " unbounded devotion, some known, some that will " never be known ; for in such a tumult much passed •' unobserved, and often the observers fell themselves, " ere they could bear testimony to what they saw ; but " no age, no nation, ever sent forth braver troops to " battle than those who stormed Badajoz." t Lord Wellington, in his despatch, thus particularly mentions the third division : — " It is impossible that any expression of mine can con- " vey to your Lordship the sense which I entertain of the " gallantry of the officers and troops upon this occasion. " The officers and troops of the third division have "distinguished themselves as usual in these of ! ritvnis. " Lieut.- General Picton has reported to me p» 'ticu •; i- ; "the conduct of Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. R. Le Poor " Trench and Lieut.-Colonel Manners of the Seventy- " f OURTH." "* Journal of Sieges in Spain. t Nij .cr's History of the Peninsular War. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 71 The following Division Ordtr was issued by Lieut.- 1813 General Picton : — " Ccunp befoit Jindajoz, bth April, 1812. "The escalade of the Castle of BadDJoz is another "pi-oof of the invincible spirit of the third division ; "it was an enterprise of a most arduous nature, and " nothing less than the spirit of heroism which has on ** all ctcas ions actuated the officers and soldiers of the ** sfvervil corps composing the division, could have " brought it to so glorious and happy a conclusion. " The commanding officers of regiments are entitled " to great credit for their exertions during the arduous '' struggle and for the excellent order and discipline " they preserved in their respective corps after the " capture of the place. " The whole conduct of the officers of every rank, and " that of the non-commissioned officers and soldiers " engaged on the occasion, is calculated to increase the " Lieut.-General's confidence and admiration. "This brilliant achievement has not been effected " without the loss of valuable officers and brave soldiers, " but they have merited well of their country, and have " fallen crowned with glory, as much objects of envy as "subjects of regret to their comrades." The casualties in the regiment during the siege were : — Killed, three officers. Captain Collins, Lieu- tenants Ramadge and Grant, 1 serjeant, and 22 rank and file. Wounded, ten officers, Lieut -Colonel the Honorable R. Le Poer Trench, Captain Langlands, Brevet-Major Shawe, Captains Thomson and Wingate, Lieutenants Lyster, Pattison, King, and Ironside, Ensign Atkinson, 7 serjoants, and 91 rank and file.* •3 * For noil coinniissioned officers and men killed and wounded at Badajoz, see Appendix No. 6, page 135. 72 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE r ft 1812 Captains Langlands and Thomson, of the S;vknty- FOURTH, received the brevet rank of Major for their services at the siege, and Brevet-Major Shawo that of Lieut.- Colonel, for the capture of the Picurina Fort as already mentioned. The regiment has received the Royal authority to bear on the regimental colour and appointments, the word "Badajoz," in commemoration of its services at this siege. Lieut.-Colonel Trench having been wounded at the assault of Badajoz, the command of the regiment devolved on Lieut.-Colonel Manners li remained in bivouac at Badajoz until the 11th of April, when it marched for the north, arrived at Pine-dona on the frontiers of Beira on the 7th of May, and was cantoned there until the beginning of June. Lord Wellington, hav- ing completed his preparations for assumhig the offen- sive, advanced against Marshal Marmont, whose head- quarters were at Salamanca. The Seventy-fourth marched from their cantonments on the 5th of June, crossed the Agueda by the ford of Carpillo on the 10th, and the Tormes, by the ford of Los Cantos, on the 17th, on which day the forts of Salamanca were invested by the sixth division. The remainder of the army was formed in order of battle on the heights of San Christoval, in front of Salamanca, from the"20th to the 28th of June, to meet Marshal Marmont, who advanced with 40,000 men to relieve the forts, and several skirmishes and changes of |K)sition took place ; the forts, however, were captured on the 27th. Brevet- Major Thomson of the- Sevmntv-foukth was employed as engineer at the siege of these forts. At this time Lieut.-General Picton left the army on leave of absence, and the com- mand of the third division was entrusted to Major- General the Honorable Edward Pakeniiam. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 73 The allied army then advanced in pursuit of Marshal 1812 Marmont, who retired across the Douro. The third division was bivouacked at the ford of Polios, on the Douro, from the 3i*d of July, watching the French, who occupied the opposite bank of the river, but on the 1 6th, Marshal Marmont having received reinforcements, cross- ed the Douro, and the allies retired, skilfully manoeuvr- ing and taking up different positions in presence of the enemy until, on the 21st, they reached the ground they formerly occupied, on the height of San Christoval. In the evening the third division and some Portu- guese cavalry bivouacked, and entrenched themselves near the village of Cabrerizos, on the right bank of the Tormes, while the rest of the army passed the river by the bridge of Salamanca and the fords, and was placed in jxjsition covering Salamanca, with the right upon one of the two rocky hills called the Arapihs, and the left upon the Tormes. On the 'i'ind of July, at day- light, the third diviuion was also moved across the Tormes, and placed in advance of the extreme right of a second line which was taken up by the allied army, nearly at right angles with its first position, in consecjuence of the seizure by the French of the outer of the two Arapiles, whereby they had obtained the power of cutting oil' the line of retreat u|)on Ciudad llodrigo. 'i'he change of the allied position and various manoeuvres occupied the day without any close engagement, excci)t- ingon the lefl for the possession of the Arapiles, and the battle oi Salamanca did not commence in earnest until alter three o'clock, when the third division was ordered to advance in four columns, su])portod by cavalry, to turn the French left, which had been very much extended by the advanc«* of the division of General 1 hoinieres, with the light cavalry and fifty \ncvcH of artillery, along a range of heights ])arallel witli the BritiNh H HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1812 line, to cut off the right of the Allies from the Ciudad Rodrigo road. The attack of the third divi- sion was made in a most brilliant style. The open columns advancing, formed lines in the march, and fell upon the French, who, expecting to see the British in retreat towards Ciudad Rodrigo, were confounded by the unlooked-for blow. Their artillery, however, poured showers of grape into the ranks of the allies, and their skirmishers kept up a constant fire, but the division con- tinued its steady advance, and was upon them before they could form line, driving them in confusion from the field; the regiments then wheeled back into column, allowed the cavalry to pass through, and immediately resumed their advance. The advance in line of the Seventy fourth for upwards of three miles attracted particular notice, and was much applauded by Major-General Pakenham, who frequently exclaimed, " Beautifully done. Seventy-fourth ; beautiful, Skventy-fourth 1" * Lord Londonderry says, in his Story of the Peninsular War:— " The attack of the third division was not only the "most 8])irited, but the most perfect thing of the kind " that modern times have witnessed. Regardless ♦' alike of a charge of cavalry and of the murderous *' fire which the enemy's batteries opened, on went these " fearless warriors, horse and foot, without check or " pause, until they won the ridge, and then the infantry "giving their volley, and the cavalry falling on, sword " in hand, the French were [)ierced, broken, and dis- " comfited. So close indeed was the struggle, that in " several instances the British colours were seen waving "over the heads of the enemy's battalicms." The evolutions of this great battle, in which the • Mnjor Alvcj'n .Tonrniil. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 75 third division and the Skvi;niy-fourth regiment bore 1812 so conspicuous a part, were too vjtried to bo clearly described with brevity ; but while the combat still raged in the centre, the third division continued its victorious advance upon the enemy's left, greatly assisted by the splendid charges made by Major General Le Marchant's Brigade of heavy cavalry, regarding which Major-Gene- ral Sir Charles Dalbiac says, in his memoir upon the subject : — "Throughout these charges upon the enemy, the " heavy brigade was unsupported by any other portion "of the cavalry, bui, was followed, as rapidly as it "was possible for infantry to follow, by the third "division, which had so gloriously led the attack in " the fii'st instance, and had so effectively turned the " enemy's extreme left " In less than half an hour after the attack of the third division, and before the French had even formed in order of battle, their Commander-in-Chief (Marmont) and two generals had fallen, and the left of their army was turned and thrown into confusion. Of the divi- sion of Thomieres, originally 7000 strong, 2000 had been taken prisoners, with two eagles and eleven pieces of cannon, and but a small number of fugitives escaped. 1 heir right, however, still continued to resist until it was dark, but they were finally driven from the field, and after sustaining great loss, retreated through the woods across the Tormes, pursued by the first and light divisions, which had been kept in reserve. Napier concludes his account as follows : — "'I'he battle of Salamanca, remarkable in many " points of view, was not least so in this, that it was the " first decided victory gained by the allies in the Penin- "sula. In former actions the French had been re- " pulsed, here they were driven headlong, ns it were, 70 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 5 1812 " before a mighty wind, without help or stay, and the " results were proportionate." The casualties in the regiment at the battle of Sala- manca were : — Killed, three rank and file. Wounded, two officers, Brevet-Major Thomson and Lieutenant Ewing, both severely ; two scrjeants, and forty-two rank and file.* The Seventy-fourth has received the Royal authority to bear on the regimental colour and appointments, the word " Salamanca," in commemo- ration of its services in this battle. The French army, having, after its defeat, escaped over the Tormes on the night of the 22nd of July, under the Command of General Clausel, was followed by the allies over the Douro. While the left wing continued the pursuit of the French, the right wing of the allied army, to which the third division belonged, advanced under Lord Wellington on the 1st of August against the French army of the centre, which, under King Joseph, retreated upon Madrid. The allies enter- ed that capital on the 13th of August, and were received with the utmost enthusiasm and joy by the inhabitants. Although the French had evacuated Madrid, they had left a garrison of 2000 men, with a large (juantity of stores, in the Fort La China, and entrenchments surrounding the Rctiro, which was invested by the third and seventh divisions on the evening of the 13th of August. On the 14th, the regiment, with the rest of the third division, got under arms at four o'clock, a.m., to storm the fort, but the garrison ca])itulatcd. Lieut.-Colonel Manners (Major) of the Seventy- Foi'in II was appointed commandant. The third and light divisions remained in garrison * For non-coiiiiiiisi I ofticcrH uiid privafes killed uiul wouiuIimI at Sulamancii, see Ap|)on(lix No. G, page I3G. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (uiGULANDERS. 77 at Madrid until the 20th of October. The other divi- 1812 sions of the army were moved to the Escurial on the 18th of August, but were shortly afterwards (excepting the fourth division) sent to Arrevalo, and Lord Wel- lington himself left Madrid on the 1st of September to take the command. The advance to Burgos then took place, and the siege of the Castle of Burgos from the 19th of September until the 22nd of October, when the siege was raised, and the army commenced its retreat. The time passed most agreeably while the troops occupied Madrid, and the temporary change from the hardships of a campaign to the pleasures of a metropolis was delightful to all ranks. But although there were amusements and gaieties in abundance, the city exhibited a sad combination of luxury and desolation ; there was no money, the people were starving, and even noble families secretly sought charity. Towards the end of September, when the distress was very great, the officers of the forty-fifth and Seventy- fourth regiments, feeling the utmost compassion for numbers of miserable objects who were worthy of a better fate, commenced giving a daily dinner to about two hun- dred of them, among whom were some persons of high distinction, who, without this resource, must have perish- ed. Napier says, on this subject, that " the Madrilenos " discovered a deep and unaffected gratitude for kindness " received at the hands of the British ofl^lccrs, who con- " tributed, not much, for they had it not, but enough of " money to form soup charities, by which hundreds were " succoured. Surely this is not the least of the many " honorable distinctions those brave men have earned." About the middle of October, the French army, under Marshal Soult. having joined King Jo.se])h, they ad- vanced upon Madrid, and Lieut.-General Hill, with his lis, i HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1812 corps of the allied army, being at Toledo, moved to his left, covering Madrid, and the troops in garrison there were advanced to join him. The advanced guard of the French armies having passed the Tagus on the 29th of October, the retreat of the allies by the Guadarama was commenced. On the 30th the regiment marched past Madrid, without entering the city. The troops, retiring from Madrid, continued their march under General Hill, followed by the French, until the 8th of November, when they crossed the Tormcs, and bivouacked on the field of the battle of Salamanca. The remainder of the army, retiring from Burgos under Lord Wellington, arrived on the same day, and on the 14th the whole were united in position on the two Arapiles, but on the 1 5th continued their retreat upon Ciudad Rodrigo, where they ari'ived on the 19th. The hardships and privations endured during these four days were very great, the marches being over almost im- passable roads and marshy plains, under a continued deluge of rain, provisions deficient, and no shelter pro- curable. Many men died from exposure, and in the Seventy-fourth, of thirty-four men who had joined the regiment fror England at Salamanca on the i4th, only four or five reached Ciudad Rodrigo. The retreat from Burgos and Madrid, and the campaign of 1812 having now ended, the army was placed in winter quarters behind the Agueda. 1813 Ihc Sevi NTv-FOURTir rogimont was cantoned at Sarzcdo, in the province of Bcira, from the 6th December, 1812, until the 15th May, 1813. Inthemonthof Janu- ary, 1813, Major-General Colvillc, having rejoined his brigade, assumed the command of the third division. During tlie time passed in winter .piarters, reinforce- ments of men and horses were received IVoni Enghmd ; a SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 79 pontoon train waa formed, tents were also supplied for 1813 the first time since the commencement of the war, in the proportion of three to each company ; tin camp-kettles, carried by the men, one for every six men, were sub- stituted for the heavy iron ones hitherto used, and the whole army was reorganised in greater strength than before, preparatory to the execution of Lord Wellington's grand plan for the expulsion of the French from the Peninsula, before the commencement of the campaign, the men's great-coats were given into store, and blankets only ordered to be carried by them. In consequence of time lost in bringing up the pontoon train from Almeida, the advance into Spain, intended to commence on the 1st, was delayed until the middle of May. The Sevknty-fourth proceeded with the left column of the army, consisting of the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh divisions, with cavalry, artillery, and Portuguese troops, amounting to above 40,000 men, under Sir Thomas Graham. This column crossed the Douro, and marched by the right bank of that river ; while the second and light divisions, with cavalry, artillery, and Portuguese and Spanish troops, amounting to about 25,000 men, and the head-quarters of the army, in two columns, advanced across the Tormes under Lord Wellington, and effected their junction with the left column by crossing the Douro at Toro. The whole army was united on the right bank of the river on the 3rd of June. Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton had rejoined from England on the 20th May, and issued an order on as- suming the command of the third division, from which the following is an extract : — " 1). O. " Villa Flor, 20M Mai/, 1813. " No. 1. Lieutenant. Gonernl Sir Ihoma!? Pirton i* 1- 80 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE ■' 1 • 1813 " much gratified at finding himself again at the head " of a division which has signalized itself on so many " occasions, and which has never failed of complete " success in any one of the important enterprises it has " been employed upon. " No. 2. From a continuance of the same spirit, good " humour and unanimity, the Lieut. -General con- ** fidently anticipates equally brilliant results during ** the operations of the present campaign." The third division now consisted of three brigades, viz.y right brigade under Major- General Brisbane (as formerly), of the 1st battalion, 45th regiment. Seventy louRTH, 88th, three companies 5th battalion 60th rifles ; centre brigade, Lieut. -General Picton, 1st battalion 5th, 2nd battalion 83rd, 2nd battalion 87th, and 94th regi- ments; left brigade, Major-General Power, 9th, 11th, and 21st Portuguese regiments. On the 4th of June the allies advanced, following the French armies of Portugal, and of the south and centre, which now, united under King Joseph, were in full retreat upon Burgos, where it was expected they would have made a stand ; they, however, continued their retreat from Burgos over the Arlanzan river, after blowing up the castle and removing their stores, on the 12th of June. Ihey then crossed the Ebro, and having assembled all the encumbrances, convoys, and stores of their armies at Vittoria, they entered that position on the 19th of June by the narrow mountain defile of Puebla, through which the river Zadora, after passing the city of Vittoria, and running through the valley in a winding course, flows towards the Ebro. The Allied army, amounting to about 60,000 British and Portuguese of all arms, with about 20,000 Spanish auxiliaries, was, on the 20th of June, encamped on the banks of the river Bayas, behind the raiige of hills SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 81 bounding the position of Vittoria, and about six miles 18 13 distant from the Zadora. The French, about 70,000 strong, with one hundred and fifty-two pieces of artillery, were now thus posted : their right in front of the city of Vittoria, where King Joseph's head-quarters were established ; the centre, in front of the village of Arinez, was about six miles distant from, and nearly at right angles to their right, covered by the Zadora, and by an easy range of heights ; while the right centre was upon a high hill near the village of Margarita, which commanded the whole valley. The extreme left of the French army was upon the Puebla mountain, facing the defile of that name. There was a large force in a second line, and the cavalry and the King's guards in reserve in rear of the centre, which was intended to defend the passage of the river Zadora, by the bridges of Mendoza, Trcs Puentes, Villodas, and Nanclares ; fifty pieces of artillery were also massed at the centre for the defence of these bridges. On the '2 1st of June Lord Wellington ordered an attack to be made on three separate points : on the right by Lieut.- General Sir Rowland Hill, with the second division, upon the French left at Puebla ; while on the left, Licut.-General Sir Thomas Graham, with the first and fifth divisions, was to make a wide detour to the left, and crossing the Zadora at Vittoria^ to attack their right, and cut off their retreat by the great road to Bayonne. I'he centre, consisting of the fourth and light divisions (under Lord Wellington himself) on the right, and the third and seventh, (under Ijicut-Gcneral the Earl of Dalhousie) on the left., was to pass the bridges in front, iinil sittaok as suon as tlu* inovements on the flanks should be executed. The troops moved from the camp on the Bayas at daybreak ; the contest was at first chiefly G ,'/ k 82 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1813 on the extreme right and left, because, on account of the rugged nature of the ridges they had to pass, the left centre column, (third and seventh divisions,) did not reach the Zadora until nearly one o'clock, and the right centre, which had taken possession of the three lower bridges, was not able to advance far in the attack until the left should be ready to join it. The right bri- gade of the third division, followed by the seventh division^ then crossed the bridge of Mendoza, the other brigades of the third division fording higher up the river, The seventh division, and the centre brigade of the third division, then attacked the French right centre, i i front of the villages of Margarita and Hermandad, and Lord Wellington, seeing the hill in front of the villag;i of Arinez, weakly occupied by the enemy, ordered the right brigade of the third division, under Lieut. -General Picton, in close columns of battalions at a run diagonally across the front of both armies to that central point. The hill was carried immediately, and the Frcuch withdrew under cover of a cannonade from fifty pieces of artillery and a crowd of skirmishers, to the second range of heights, on which their reserve had been jwsted ; they, however, still held the village of Arinez on the great road leading to Vittoria. The brigade then advanced to the attack of the village of Arinez ; the three right companies of the Sb;vKNTv-FOURTn, under Captain McQueen, with the companies of the sixtieth, immediately dashed forward and charged through the village, drove the enemy from it, and captured three guns ; these companies were then halted under cover of some houses until the remainder of the regiment and brigade should come up, as the enemy were again advancing upon the post with increased nnmbers, and kept uj) a terrible fire of artillery 8EVENT7-F0URTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 83 and musketry. The French were finally driven back in 1813 confusion at the point of the bayonet. The Seventy-fourth received particular praise from both Lieut.-GeneralPicton and Major-General Brisbane, commanding the division and brigade, for its alacrity in advancing and charging through the village of Arinez. By the capture of the village, the great road was gained, and the troops on the French extreme left were turned, while they were hai*d pressed by Lieut.-Gcneral Sir Rowland Hill's attack on their front ; the whole now retreated in confusion before the British advancing lines towards Vittoria, but as the ground was exceedingly diversified, being in some places wooded, in others open, and in others cut up by ditches, vineyards, and enclo- sures, they recovered their order, and the action for six miles became a running fight and cannonade. The regular and beautiful advance in line of the Seventv.- FOURTH over this long distance was greatly admired, and was much attributable to the coolness and gallantry of the officer (Lieut. Davies), who carried the colours, and whenever the regiment got into broken ground, was the first on the bank, and stood with the colours until it was formed on his right and left. During this advance, the piper, McLauchlan, whose gallantry at the escalade of Badajoz has been before mentioned, was cut in two by a cannon shot, while playing in rear of the colours.* M any guns were taken as the army advanced. At six o'clock the French reached the last defensible height, one mile in front of Vittoria ; here they made a stand, and the armies of the south and centre kept up a heavy fire, and above eighty pieces of cannon thundered upon the third division, which, being the foremost, bore the brunt of the fiery storm, until the fourth division carried a hill on * Major Alvos's Journal. G 2 i 84 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1813 the French left, when the enemy abandoned the position. The Royal Causeway to Bayonne being blocked up by a confused mass of carriages, men, women, and children, the French retreated by the road to Salvatierra and Pampeluna, but this road being also blocked up, all became disorder, and they abandoned their artillery (except two pieces), equipages, stores, and papers: generals and subordinate officers being alike reduced to the clothes on their backs.* The baton of Marshal Jourdan, a stand of colours, one hundred and fifty-one pieces of brass ordnance, all the parks and depots from Madrid, Valladolid, and Burgos, all their carriages, ammunition and treasure fell into the hands of the victors, f The French regiments, which effected their escape from this total rout, arrived at Pampeluna, and took shelter in a defile beyond it in a state of complete disorganisation ; darkness and the nature of the ground (unfavourable for cavalry) alone permitted their escape. At the distance of two leagues from Vittoria the pursuit was given up, and the allies halted for the night. Sir Thomas Picton, in a letter of the 1st of July, thus sj^caks of his division : — " On the 16th of May the division was put in move- " ment; on the 18th we crossed the Douro, on the 15th " of June the Ebro, and on the 21st fought the battle " of Vittoria. The third division had, as usual, a very " distinguished share in this decisive action. The " enemy's left rested on an elevated chain of craggy " mountains, and their right on a rapid river, with " commanding heights in the centre, and a succession " of undulating grounds, which afforded excellent situa- * Napior. + Ibiil. (( (( C( (( (( (( « (( (C « (( {( « (( (( (( (( « « « (( C( (< (( C( (( SEVENTY- FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 85 tions for artillery ; and several good jx)sitions in front 1813 of Vittoria, where King Joseph had his head-quarters. The battle began early in the morning, between our right and the enemy's left on the high craggy heights, and continued with various success for several hours. About twelve o'clock the third division was ordered to force the passage of the river and carry the heights in the centre, which service was executed with so much rapidity, that we got possession of the com- manding ground before the enemy were aware of our intention. The enemy attempted to dislodge us with great superiority of force, and with forty or fifty pieces of cannon. At that period the troops on our right had not made sufficient progress to cover our right flank, in consequence of which we suffered a momentary check, and were driven out of a village whence we had dislodged the enemy, but it was quickly recovered ; and on Sir Rowland Hill's (the second) division, with a Portuguese and Spanish division, forcing the enemy to abandon the heights, and advancing to protect our flanks ; we pushed the enemy rapidly from all his positions, forced him to abandon his cannon, and drove his cavalry and infantry in confusion beyond the city of Vittoria We took one hundred and fifty-two pieces of cannon the military chest, ammunition and baggage ; besides an immense treasure, the property of the French generals, amassed in Spain. " The third division was the most severely and per- manently engaged of any part of the army ; and we in consequence sustained a loss of nearly eighteen hundred killed and wounded, which is more than a third of the total loss of the whole army." The following Division and Brigade (Orders were i 86 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1813 issued by Lieut.- General Sir Thomas Picton and Major-General Brisbane after the battle of Vittoria : — "23rrfJttnc, 1813. " Division Orders. " Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton congratulates *' Major-General the Hon. Sir C. Colville, Major- " General Brisbane, and Major-General Power, upon " the conspicuous services rendered by the brigades •* under their several commands, towards the brilliant " success of the 21st of June instant. He requests to ' assure the commanding officer, officers, non-commis* " sioned officers and men of their corps and regiments, " that their conduct did not fail to excite his warm " admiration, and to increase the confidence he has " always felt in the command of the third division, &c." " Camp, Salvatierra, "Brigade Orders. 23rd June, 1813. " Major-General Brisbane has reason to be highly " pleased with the conduct of the brigade in the action " of yesterday, but he is at a loss to express his admira- " tion of the conduct of the Honorable Colonel Le I'oer " Trench and the Sevknty-fourth regiment, which ho " considers contributed much to the success of the day." The casualties in the regiment at the battle of Vitto- ria were :— Killed, seven rank and file ; wounded, five officers. Captains McQueen and Ovens, Adjutant White, and Ensigns Hamilton and Shore, four Serjeants, one drummer, and thirty-one rank and file.* Captain William Moore received the brevet of Major for his conduct in this action. The SKVKNTv-i'Ouinii has received the Royal autho- rity to bear on the rogi mental Colour and Ap|K)intii)ents * For non-conimissionod oiilocri, drummers, and privatoi killed and wounded ut Vitturia, Me Ai>pvndi« No. d, pago 137. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 87 the word " Vittoria *' in commemoration of its services 1813 in the battle. The allies followed in pursuit of the fugitive enemy to beyond Pampcluna, from the 22nd until the 25th, when they passed into the Pyrenees by the valley of Roncesvalles. Sir 'I homas Graham was detached, with the first division, to the left, towards Guipuscoa, on the 23rd of June ; and on the 26th, Lord Wellington, leaving the second division to blockade Pampeluna, marched with the third, fourth, seventh, and light divisions to- wards Tudela, to intercept General Clausel, who was on his way with a corps of 14,000 of the French army to join King Joseph at Vittoria ; but General Clausel having made his escape by forced marches, the divisions returned to Pampeluna, and joined in the blockade on the 3rd July. The Seventy-fourth remained thus employed until the 16th. On the 1 5th July a reconnoitring party of the garrison was driven in by the piquets and Sev enty- FOUUTH, under Colonel Trench ; the regiment sustained a loss on this occasion of three rank and file killed, and one Serjeant and six rank and file wounded, from having followed the enemy too close to the walls of the fortress. On the 17th of July the blockade of Pam* eluna was entrusted to the Spaniards. The whole frontier of the Pyrenees, from the pass of Roncesvalles to the mouth of the Bidassoa river, was now occupied by the second, seventh, and light divisions, with some Portuguese brigades in the front line ; and by the third, fourth and sixth divisions as supjiorts, covering the blockade of J*ampcluna, and the siege of St. Si'ltastian then going on under Lieut. -Geneml Sir I homas (iraham. On tho 18th the SKVENrv-KouKTii were encamped at Olague, in 8U])])ort of the central position, occupied by the second division at Bastan. I r ^ ')! 88 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1813 Marshal Soult, having arrived at Bayonne on the 13th of July to command, as Lieutenant of the Em- peror, the united French army of Spain, amounting to above 78,000 men, exclusive of garrisons, collected more than 60,000 men on his own left, and advanced on the 25th to force the pass of Ronccsvalles. 1 he fourth division, which was moved up in support of the front line of the allies, having hccn compelled to to retire after a day's hard fighting among the rocks and mountains, was joined on the *2Cth by the third division in advance of Zibiri ; both divisions then continued to retire under the command of Lieut. General Sir Thomas Picton, and on the morning of the 27 th of July took up a position in front of Pampeluna, across the mouth of the Zibiri and Lanz valleys ; the third division was posted on the right at Huarte, but was not severely engaged, the attacks of the enemy on the 28th being made chiefly upon the left of the position occupieil by the fourth and sixth divisions, and the seventh and second divisions, which nowarri^'cd and were posted in position, still further to the left. During the night of the 29th the enemy drew to his right the troops imme- diately in front of the third division, in order to a formidable attack which he made on the 30th of July upon the second division, to turn the British left; Lord Wellington thereupon ordered an advance upon the enemy's j)osition by the third, fourth and seventh divisions. Accordingly, at daylight on the 30lh, the third division, with two squadrons of cavalry and a battery of artillery, advanced ra])idly uj) the valley of Zibiri, skirmishing on the flank of the French, who were retiring under General Foy. On this day the Skventy- FouuTii had an op])ortunity of partii uhirly distinguish* ing themselves. About eleven o'clock, the regiment toi (( SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (iIIGIILA?:DERS). 89 being in the valley, and the enemy moving in retreat 1813 parallel with the Allies along the mountain ridge to the left of the British, Lieut.-Colonel Trench obtained permission from Sir Thomas Picton to advance with the Seventy-fourth and cutoff their rear. The regi- ment then ascended the ridge in view of the remainder of the division, which continued its advance up the valley ; on approaching the summit, in passing'through a wood, two companies, which were extended as skirmish- ers, were overpowered and driven back upon the main body,and the regiment was exposed to a most destructive fire, but continued its advance, without returning n shot, until it reached the upper skirt of the wood, close upon the flank of the enemy, and then at once opened its whole fire upon them. A column of fifteen or sixteen hundred men was separated from their main body, driven down the other side of the ridge, and a number taken prisoners ; most of those who escaped were inter- cepted by the sixth division, which was further in advance on another line. After the Seventy-fourth had gained the ridge, another regiment from the third division was sent to support it, and pursued the remain- der of the column until it had surrendered to the sixth division. The regiment was highly complimented by the staff of the division for its conspicuous gallantry on this occasion, which was noticed as follows in Lord Welling- ton's dcs])atch : — " I cannot sufficiently a])plaud the conduct of all the " general officers, officers, and troops throughout thi-se " operations, &c. " The movement made by Sir Thonuis Picton merited " my highest commendation ; the latter officer co-ope- " rated in the attack of the mountain by detaching i^ i 90 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1813 " troops to his left, in which Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. " R. Trench was wounded, but I hope not seriously." The regiment sustained a loss of one officer, Captain Whitting, one serjeant, and four rank and file killed, and five officers, Lieut.-Colonel Honorable R. Trench, Captain (Brevet Major) Moore, and Lieutenants Patti- son, Duncomb and Tew, four Serjeants and thirty-six rank and file wounded, on this occasion.* Major Allen William Campbell,t of the Seventy-fourth, was also mortally wounded during the operations of this day while commanding a Portuguese battalion ; he was gazetted to the brevet rank of Lieut.-Colonel for his distinguished conduct, but did not live to enjoy his promotion ; he died of his wounds at Bilboa on the 10th of November 1813. The regiment has received the Royal authority to bear on the regimental colour and appointments the word "Pyrfnees," in commemoration of its services on this occasion. The attack made by the French upon the Pritish left on the 30th of July, was repulsed, and they retired during the nigh ;, but were closely pursued by the allies on the 31st, and after much hard fighting on that day, and on the 1st and 2nd of August, they were finally driven from the Spanish Pyrenees, over the Bidassoa into France, their attempt to relieve Pampcluna having entirely failed. Their losses in the different engage- ments from the 25th of July, amounted to above 1 5,(00 men, killed, wounded, and prisoners. The Skvinty- pouRTH continued to advance with the third division * For non-commissioned ofRrors and men, liillpd nnd wounded in tho action near Panipeliiiiuon 30tii of July, 1813, m% Appendix No. 6, \Mgo 138. t Last surviving; son of Lieut.-Gonoral Sir Alexander Camp))oll, lee Ap|)cndix No. ?, page 128. tl SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 91 up the pass of Roncesvalles, and on the 1st of August 1813 encamped on a mountain a little to the left of it, but on the 5th was moved along the summits of the moun- tains on the left, to the pass of Maya; but shortly afterwards the third was relieved by the sixth division, and descended to Ariscan, in the valley of tlie Bastan, where it remained until the 5th of October. The fortress of St. Sebastian was taken by assault on the 31st of August, by the troops under Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Graham. Brevet Major Thomson, of the Sevknty-fourth, who had been employed as an assistant engineer during the siege, received the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel on the occasion. On the 6th of October, the third division, having been relieved by a Portuguese brigade, advanced up the pass of Zagara- murdi, and encamped on the summit of a mountain in front of the pass of Echalar ; the left of the allied army passed the Bidassoa on the following day, driving the French from their strongly entrenched mountain posi- tion on the opposite side of the river. The allied army was now organised in three grand divisions ; the right, under Lieut.-General Sir Rowland Hill, occupied positions from the Roncesvalles pass to the Bastan ; the centre, under Marshal Bercsford, inclu- ding the third, fourth, and seventh divisions, occupied the Echalar, Rhune, and Bayonette mountains ; the left, under Lieut-General Sir John Hope, extended from the Mandale mountain to the sea on the right bank of the Bidassoa. The command of the third division devolved on Major- General Sir Charles Colville in the middle of October, Sir Thomas Picton having proccodid to England. The Skvkmy-koukth remained in the same position, encamped on a bare mountain, until the 9th of November I i 92 HISTORICAL BECORD OF THE 1813 and sufTcred greatly from the constant exposure to cold and wet weather, the want of shelter and scarcity of provisions for men, and forage for animals. The piquets and night duties were likewise very harassing, and the dullness and monotony of such a position, wearisome to all ranks ; the moment for the advance into France was therefore anxiously looked for. Pampeluna capitu- lated on the 31st of October. The attack upon the French position of the Nivelle, which had been ordered to take place on the occurrence of that event, was delayed by the continued heavy rains, and deep snow on ciie mountains, which rendered the movement of troops impossible until the 10th of November; on this day, the right, under Lieut.- General Sir Rowland Hill, was directed on the left of the French first line of entrenchments, between the Nivelle and Nive rivers, while the centre, under Marshal Beresford, turned the right of the French first line, and assaulted the redoubts and entrenchments on the left of the Nivelle. The third division, advancing from Zagaramurdi on the right of the centre attack, moved rapidly against the bridge of Amotz, where the enemy made a vigorous resistance, but were driven from it ; the bridge and ground in front of it were taken possession of by the third division, which now attacked the left flank of the French centre, while the fourth and seventh divisions assailed them in front. Meanwhile the attacks of the second and sixth divisions on the right, and of the li^ht division on the left, were everywhere successful. The French centre was driven in great confusion across the river, pursued by the skimiishers of the third division, which crossed at the bridge of Amotz. The allied troops then took ]ioMsession of the heights on the right bank of the Nivelle, in the neighbourhood of St. Pe, and the French SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 93 were compelled to abandon all the works which they had 1813 constructed with so much care and labour during the last three months, for the defence; of the other parts of the position. Om the 11 th of November, the third and seventh divisions formed the right centre column in front of St. Pe, expecting to renew the attack, and the French advanced in order of battle, but drew back after a slight skirmish, breaking down the bridges on the Nive at Ustaritz, and on the 12th retired to close in front of their entrenched camp at Bayonne. The weather had been fine and clear on the 10th, but heavy rain returned on the Uth and r2th of November, which rendered the fords of the Nive impassable, and the allied army was therefore stationary between the Nivellc and the Nive. On the 1 8th of November the regiment was cantoned at Arrauntz, and in different farm-houses near the Nive, till tLe 12th of December. The French had lost fifty-ont; pieces of artillery, and about 41300 officers and men killed, wovmded, and prisoners, during the battle of the Nivclle. The loss of the allies was about 2700 officers and men. The French army was now within the fortress and camp of Bayonne, with a line of entrenched out-j>osts extending fror, the Adour to the Nive, and from tlic Nive to the sea. The regiment has received the Koyal authority to bear on the regimental colour and appointments the word " NiVELLK," in commemoration of its services in this battle. On the Dth of Decon>l>ei' the right of tlie army, under Lieut.-General Sir Kowland Hill, forced the ])assage of the Nivo at Cambo, and the sixth divisicm, under Marshal Deresford. at I'starits!. The third division 94 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1813 remained in possession of the bridge at Ustaritz, but had no share in the combats of the following days until the 13th, when the French having attacked the right between the Nive and A dour at St. Pierre, were repulsed by Sir Rowland Hill after a very severe battle, and the fourth, sixth, and two brigades of the third division, were moved across the Nive in support of the right. The Seventy-fourth, after a very long day's march, arrived late at night on some heights near the village of Vicux Moguerre, on the A dour, from which another regiment had been driven in the morning ; the Seventy- FOURTH afterwards remained cantoned in farm-houses between the Nive and Adour until the middle of Feb- 1814 ruary, 1814. Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton had rejoined the army, and resumed the command of the third division in the end of December, 1813; and as many acts of outrage and plunder had been committed by the troops, on first entering France, he took an opportunity of publicly reprimanding some of the regiments of his division for such offences, when he thus addressed the Seventy- fourth : — " As for you. Seventy-fourth, I have " nothing to say against you, your conduct is gallant " in the field, and orderly in quarters." And, ad- dressing Colonel Trench in front of the regiment, told him that he would write to the Colonel at home (Gene- ral Sir Alexander Hope) his report of their good con- duct. As Lieut.-General Picton was not habitually lavish of complimentary language, this public expres- sion of the good opinion of so competent a judge was much valued by the regiment. The French army under Marshal Soult having been weakened by the withdrawal of two divisions and others of his best troo])8, his plan of operations was change J, col M r I /■,; SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS). 95 and leaving a strong force in Bayonne, he moved the 1814 greater part of his troops to his left under his own com- mand, to defend the country between the Adour and the Pyrenees, and to oppose the movement of the allied army to its right, and its advance across the Adour towards Bordeaux. The Marquis of Wellington determined, by a movement with part of his army to the right, to give occupation to the French, and thereby secure a passage across the Adour below Bayonne, and the complete in- vestment of the place by the left of his army under Lieut.-Gencral Sir John Hope. The weather having improved, and the roads become practicable in the second week of February, the right of the army, consisting of the second and third divisions, with a division of Portuguese, and another of Spaniards, with cavalry and artillery, amounting altogether to about 20,000 men, was placed under Lieut. -General Sir Rowland Hill, and on the 14th of February commenced its march in two columns ; the third division marched with the left column. On the 15th there was an affair between the other column and the enemy at Garris, during which the Marquis of Wellington himself joined it and took the command, and the sixth and light division^; were brought up. On the 24th of February, the French concentrated at Orthes on the river Gave de Pau ; the third division was at the broken bridge of Bereaux, five miles lower down the river, on the 25th, having the sixth and seventh divisions (now arrived under Marshal Bercsford) on its left, while the remainder of the force was assembled in front of Orthes. On the 26th the third division forded the river lower down, and a pontoon bridge was afterwards laid at Bereaux, by which the sixth and if' It! ! !i;! m HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB 1814 fourth divisions crossed on the morning of the 27th, at which time the third division was already posted with skirmishers thrown out close upon the left centre of the French position. The sixth division was placed on the right between the third division and the river, and the light division on its left in rear as a reserve. During the whole morning there had been occasional skirmishing by the third division, but the real attack commenced at nine o'clock by the third and sixth divisions on the French left centre, and the fourth and seventh divi- sions on their right, which last was intended to be the principal point of attack ; but it having been found, after three hours' hard fighting, that the enemy were there too strongly posted, the Marquis of Wellington ordered, an advance of the third and sixth divisions, with the fifty- second regiment, from the centre upon the left centre of the French position, which they carried and secured the victory ; while Lord Hill, with the second division, had crossed the river above Orthes, and nearly cut off the only line of retreat open to the enemy, who then re- tired from the field, but without confusion, and con- stantly resisting the advance. The allies followed, keeping up an incessant fire and cannonade, but lost many men, particularly of the third division, which was the most strongly opposed ; this continued until the French nearly reached the Luy de Bcarn river, when their retreat became a flight, and they effected their escape by the fords and one bridge, which they des- troyed, having lost 4000 men and six guns. During the first advance, Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Picton ])aiticularly remarked to Major- General Bris- bane the steady movement of iiis brigade ; and the latter reported to him the notice he had taken of the gal- lantry of Serjeant-Maj»mmuni- catcs with the city by a bridge, but the city itself is accessible only from the south ; and its strong though old- fashioiiod walls had been rendered more defensible by redoubts, and by an exterior line of entrenchments, on a strong and ragged range of heights about two miles in H 2 ^ : ill if 100 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1814 length, beyond the canal. On the 28th the enemy were driven within the suburb of St. Cyprien, and several attempts were made to attack them by crossing the Garonne above Toulouse. Operations were however im- peded by the floods and rapidity of the river, until the 3rd of April, when the third, fourth, and sixth divisions, with three brigades of cavalry under Marshal Beresford, passed over by a pontoon bridge fifteen miles below Toulouse ; but the crossing of the remainder of the army was again impeded by the rising of the river, which caused the removal of the bridges, until the 8th, when the Manjuis of Wellington crossed and advanced within five miles of Toulouse ; Sir Rowland Hill with two divisions remaining on the left bank. The Marquis of Wellington then fixed his plan of attack on the French position, according to which, on the left of the Garonne Lieut. General Sir Howland Hill was to menace the suburb of St. Cyprien, while on the right of the river the third and light divisions were to menace the northern front, driving the enemy's outposts within the canal, from its junction with the Garonne to the com- mencement of the range of heights at the hill of Pugade. A Spanish division was to carry that hill, and the fourth and sixth divisions, under Marshal Heresford, to carry the heights beyond it. On the 10th of A]n'il, at about six o'clock in the morning, tho battle commenced, and the different columns advanced according to order. The third division on the right, next the Garonne, drove in the out\K)Hts of the enemy for above tlu'ce miles, as fiir as the bridge of Jumeaux on the canal; this bridge was defended by a stnmg \m]mi(\cdt('tc-(le-j>()iif, too high to be forced without ladders, and approachabU? only along an open flat. Six companies of the Skvdnty-kouutii (three under Brevet-Miijor Miller and three under SEVENTY FOURTH REGIMENT (^HIGHLANDERS.) 101 Captain McQueen) were ordered to attack this work, 1814 which they did in the most gallant style ; but it was commanded from the opposite side of the canal, and was impregnable without artillery ; the attacking party was therefore compelled to retire, after sustaining a most severe loss. The French then occupied the work in great force, and the continued efforts of the whole bri- gade could not dispossess them. The attack upon this work was unfortunately ordered by Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Pictori, after the duty assigned to his divisioi) of driving in the outposts and menacing the enemy had been performed, although the impossibility of carrying the work without artillery had been represented to him.* The Spanish attack upon the Pugade hill had mean- while been repulsed, but after a long and severe contest, the fourth and sixth divisions carried the entrenched heights and works ; the French then withdrew behind the canal, and tlius ended the battle. The casualties in the regiment at the liattle ot Toulouse were, four offic<>rs, Captains Thomas Andrews and William Tew, Lieut. Hamilton and Ensign John Parkinson, one Serjeant, and thirty-two rank and file killed; and five olKcers, Brevet-Major Miller, Cnptain Donald McQueen, and Lieuts. Jason llassard, William Graham, and E. J. Crabbe ; fi)ur serjcants, and ninety- four rank and file wounded. f Tlie regiment has received the Hoyal authority to bear on the regimental colour and appointments, the word '' TotLousic," in commemoration of its services in this battle. Major-General Brisbane, (now General Sir Thomas • Extract from Major AIvoAJourniil.w*' Appendix, No. 8, p. 141. t For naiiios of iioii-cominissioni'il otticors uiid privates killed uiid Mouiulc'd ut TomIouso, «t'(! Appendix No. 0, page I89, 102 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUE 1814 Brisbane, and Colonel of the thirty-fourth regiment,) commanded the brigade, and was wounded. The French lost five generals, and about throe thousand officers and men, and the Allies four generals and about four thousand officers and men, including two thousand Spaniards killed and wounded in this hard-fought, but as it proved, unnecessary battle. On the 1 1 th of April the renewal of the attack was delayed by the want of ammunition, and the French abandoned the city during the night, retiring to the southward upon Carcassonne. On the Tith the Allies entered Toulouse in triumph ; in the afternoon *" the same day intelligence arrived of the abdication of Napoleon and the termination of the war. Had not the officers conveying this intelligence been detained on their journey by the police, the battle of Toulouse, and the sacrifice of many valuable lives, would have been prevented. The regiment remained in Toulouse until the 24th, when it marched down the Garonne to Grenade and was cantoned there, until, on the 1st of June, it marched for IMan(|[uefort, near Bordeaux, where it arrived and was encamped on the 13th. On the 14th of June, the Duke of Wellington took leave of his Peninsular army in a well-known general order.* The Seventy-i'ourtii marched on the "iOth of June to the village of Chateau Margaux, where the regiment was cantoned, until on the4thof July it marched in the morning to Pauillac^ and was conveyed in a transport to Verdun roads, where it was transferred with part of the GOth regiment to His Majesty's ship " Clarence " of 74 guns, and on the •25th of July disembarked at Cove, and marched to Cork. * See Appondix No. 9, \^v 142. Ai^ SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS.) 103 The Seventy-fourth, although only a single bat- 1814 talion regiment, had thus remained effective in the field, anil maintained its place in the fighting division during the whole period from its leaving Lisbon to join the army on the 27th of February, 1810, until its embark- ation at Pauillac on the 4th of July, 1814. The record of its services during these eventfiil years, will be sufficient to prove how well the corps main- tained the high character it had at first acquired in the East Indies, and how well it earned the distinction, since conferred upon it, of bearing the word "Peninsula" on the regimental colour and appointments. In consideration of the meritorious conduct of the non- commissioned officers and men of the regiment during the w%:, Colonel French applied to the Commander-in- Chic' ' \thorise those most distinguished among them to w ' .cr medals in commemoration of their services. The sanction of the Commander-in-Chief was conveyed to Colonel Trench in a letter from the Adjutant-General, bearing date "Horse Guards, 30th Juno, 1814." Medals were accordingly granted to the deserving survivors of the campaigns, who were divided into three classes ; first class, men who had served in eight or nine general actions ; second class, in six or seven general actions ; third class, in four or five general actions. Shortly after its arrival in Ireland, the regiment marched from Cork to Galway. In January, 1815, it was notified to Colonel Trench 1815 that His Royal Highness the Prince Regent had been jileased to confer upon him the distinction of a Knight Coujmander of the Order of the F^ath, in consideration of his eminent services while in command of tho Skvi.nty fodkth regiment. Major and Brevet Lieut.- CoUmel Manners was a])pointe(l a Companion of tho Order at the same time. 104 HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1817 In the month of June, the rcg.iiient was suddenly ordered from Galway to Cork, for the purpose of em- barking on service in Belgium, but before it reached Cork, news had been received of the t rmination of the war by le crowning victory of Waterloo ; the regiment was therefore sent to Limerick, and the head-quarters immediately moved to Rathkeale, beiiig there stationed, with various detachments throughout the country, which was then in a very disturbed state. In the 1816 month of March, 1816, the detachments were relieved and marched to Dublin, w^ ere the regiment was con- 1817 ccntrated until July, 1817, when it was removed to the north of Ireland, and the headquarters were stationed at Strabane, with various deta?hments.* 1818 On the 16th of February, 1818, the regiment marched from Strabane to Fcrmoy, being under orders to em- bark for Colonial Service in North America. At Fcrmoy, on the 6th of April, new colours were presented to the cor[)s. The old ones, which had been received in 1802, and carried in so many victorious fields, were burned, and the ashes deposited in the lid of a gold sarcophagus snuff-box, inlaid with part of the wood of the colour staves, on which the following inscripti(m was engraved : — " This box, composed of the "old standards of the Si-vknty-fouutii regiment, was "formed as a tribute of re8])ect to the memory of those " who fell, and of esteem for those who survived the " nuiny glorious and arduous services on which they " were always victoriously carried, dui g a period of " sixteen years in India, the Peninsula, and France. " They wen^ ])resented to the regiment at Wallajahbad ** in 1S()2, and the shattered remains were burned at " Fennoy on the (ith ot April, 1818." This box has * For o8t«l)llslimont of i\w iPglniont In 1818, tee Appondix No. ft, pngo li)3. SEVENTy-FOURTII UEGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS.) 105 l)een ever since carefully preserved by the officers as a 1818 sacred rcliquc. The regiment was marched from Fermoy to Cork, embarked on ^)oard five transports at Cove on the 9th, and sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 13th of May, leaving one depot company, which was sent to the Isle of Wight. On arrival at Halifax, three companies under a Field Officer, were sent to St. John's, Newfoundland ; the remainder proceeded to St. John's, New Brunswick, and landed on the 8th of July. Two companies remained stationed there ; but the head quarters and five com- panies proceeded to Frcdcrickton. In the end of the year 1818, the establishment of the regiment was reduced to ten C' mpanics of sixty-five rank and return a favourable answer to the application, in such ■'lU no HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 1845 terms as to render his consent doubly gratifying to the corps, causing it to be intimated to the Colonel, by a letter from the Adjutant-General, bearing date "Horse Guards, 13th August, 1845,"* that he would recommend to Her Majesty that the Seventy-fourth regiment should be permitted to resume the appel- lation of a Highland regiment, and to be clothed *' accordingly in compliment to the services of that regiment so well known to His Grace in India and in Europe." Subsequently, in the Gazette of the 14th November, 1845, the following announcement was published : — " War Office, Sth November, 1845. " Memorandum. — Her Majesty has been graciously " pleased to approve of the Seventy-fourth foot " resuming the appellation of the Seventv-fourth " (Highland) regiment of foot, and of its being clothed *' accordingly ; that is, to wear the tartan trews instead *' of the Oxford mixture ; plaid cap instead of the " black chaco ; and the plaid scarf as worn by the " seventy-first regiment. " The alteration of the dress is to take place on the •' next issue of clothing, on the 1st of April, 1846." The national designation of the regiment was of course immediately resumed, and the recruiting has been since carried on solely in Scotland with uniform success. The alteration of the regimental uniform, as sanc- tioned by Her Majesty, was effected at the date above- mentioned. The regiment remained at Canterbury from the 29th of March to the 29th of August, 1845, when it pro- ceeded to Gosport. * See Ajipcndix No. 11, page 144. SEVENTY-FOURTH REQIMENT (UIOHLANDERS). Ill On the 3rd of January, 1846, the regiment moved 1846 to Portsmouth, whence, in the month of August, it was ordered to Scotland. A detachment of two companies for Dundee, and one for Perth, embarked on board the " Athol " troop ship^on the 22nd of August^ and landed at Dundee on the 3rd of September. A detachment of one field officer and two companies for Paisley embarked on the 9th of September, on board Her Majesty's steamer " Scourge," and landed at Lcith on the 12th. The head-quarters, with two field officers and three companies, embarked on board of Her Majesty's steamer " Gladiator" on the 12th of September, and landed at Aberdeen on the 1 5th. A detachment of one company for Stirling and Dunfermline, and one for Paisley, embarked on the 23rd of September, on board Her Majesty's steamer •■ Scourge," and landed at Leith on the 25ih. The regiment remained at Aberdeen witli the before- mentioned detachments until the 25th of November, when it was moved by steamer to Granton pier, landed there on the following day, and proceeded by railway to Glasgow, where it was joined by the detachments from Dundee, Perth, Stirling, and Dunfermline. In July, 1847, the regiment was ordered to Ireland, 1847 and embarked at Glasgow, the first division on the 3rd of July, and the head-quarter divisioi on the 8th, on board of Her Majesty's steamer *' Birkenhead," land- ing at Belfast on the following days. It remained stationed there until the month of December, when it was moved to Dublin, and the head-quarters arrived in Richmond Barracks, Dublin, on the 16th of Decem- ber, 1847, but remained with five companies on de- 112 HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUE 1848 tachment until the end of March, 1848, when the regiment was brought together, and was in the end of June moved into the Castle and Ship-street bar- racks. In consequence of the disturbed state of the country, and an apprehended insurrectionary movement in the county of Tipperary, the Seventy-fourth received orders on the evening of the 28th of July to proceed on the following morning to that county, to be employed as part of a moveable column under Major-General McDonald, leaving one company as a depot, with re- cruits and sick men, at the Ship-street barracks, Dublin. The regiment was accordingly, on the morning of the 29th of July, conveyed with a half- battery of artillery, a detachment of sappers, and three companies of the 60th rifles, by railway to Thurles, where it received camp equipage, was joined by a squadron of cavalry, and proceeded to Ballingarry and Killenaule, and encamjjed. The seventy-fifth and eighty-fifth regiments after- wards joined the column, and with the Seventy- fourth were kept under canvas, and occasionally moved about to different encampments in the neighbourhood of Thurles and Ballingarry during the month of August. The contemptible attempt at rebellion Avas, however, put down without anything more than the demonstra- tion of an armed force, and the regiment returned to Dublin in the beginning of September, having found nothing to contend with, excepting the discomfort of almost continual rain during the jKjriod of its field employment : on its return to Dublin it was quartered in the Royal barracks, until the month of December, when it proceeded to Limerick. The regiment still forms a i>art of the garrison of SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (HIGHLANDERS.) 113 Limerick, and retains the hope of obtaining a more 1850 active field for the display of its energies, and of giving to a future historian of the Seventy-fourth High- landers, the duty of recording achievements worthy of a place beside those of the victors oiAssaye, and of the stormers of Badajoz. 1850 , [ H4 ] SUCCESSION OF COLONELS OF THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, (HIGHLANDERS). Sir Archibald CAMrBELL, K.B., Appointed 12M October, 1787. M A JOK General Sir Archibald Campbell, who raised the Seventy-fourth regiment in the year 1787, was ap- pointed its first Colonel, and a few years after his decease, which occurred in 1791, a monument was erected to his memory in W'^stminster Abbey, wiiich records Ids services to ins King and Country, and a copy of tlie inscription tliereon is inserted at page 125. Charles O'IIara, Appointed 1st April, 1791. Charles O'IIara was appointed cornet in tlie third (Iragoons in December, 1752, and in 1756 he wus promoted to lienteniuit and captain in tlio second foot guards. He served in l'(»rtiigal in 1762, and performed the (hities oC quartermuster-general to the army under Lieut. -General the Earl of Loudoun. In 1769 ite was promoted to the rank of captain and lieut.- colonel ; and lie served with his regiment in North America. In the autumn of 1781 he was promoted to the rank of nuijor- general. IIo commanded the brigade of foot guards under LieiU.-General the ICarl Cornwallis, in Virginia ; distinguished himself at (lu> passage of tim (y'atawba river, on the Ist of February, 17H1 ; and wis wounded at the l»atth« of (iiiildfoitl on the 15th of March. In 1782 he was nominated to the SUCCESSION OP COLONELS. 115 colonelcy of the twenty-second regiment ; was removed to the Seventy-pouhth Highlanders in 1791, and was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general in 1793. He commanded the British troops at Toulon, and was wounded and taken prisoner in an action with the French republican troops on the 30th of November, 1793. His services were rewarded with the ap- pointment of Governor of Gibraltar, and in 1798 he was promoted to the rank of general. It is recorded that he possessed a happy combination of talents ; was a brave and enterprising soldier, a strict disciplinarian, and a polite and accomplislied gentleman. He died at Gibraltar on the 21st of February, 1802. If ; ': John Lord Hutchinson, K.B., Appointed 2Ut March, 1802. The Honorable John Hkly Huichinson entered the army in January, 1774, as cornet in the eighteenth light dragoons, and in October, 1776, he was promoted captain of a company in the sixty-seventh regiment: in 1777 he was electeinted colonel of tliat corps in October, which was reduced in iTi^"), He served two campaigns in Flanders, as extra aid-de-camp to lieut.-general Sir Halph Abercromby. He was promoted to the rank of nmjor-general in 1796; and serving in Ireland (hiring tlie rel)elli<)n in 1798, he was second 'n ccmimand at the action at Castlebar. He also serveil in the expiiliiion to llolhind in 1799, and honorable mention is made of his gallant conduct in the public despatches. Having given proof of his capabiliticH us a General OlHeer, he was nominated second in ronnnand in the exptHlilion to KKypt, 116 SUCCKSSION OF COLONELS. under Lieiit.-General Sir Ralpli Abercromby ; and after the death of that ofBcer from wounds received iu the action of the 2 1st of March, the command of the troops devolved on Major-General Hutchinson, who found himself suddenly placed at the liead of the army under circumstances of a peculiarly difficult character. In the subsequent operations in Egypt he evinced talent and energy, sustaining the honour of his Sovereign, promoting the glory of his country, and forcing tlie French " Army of the East" to evacuate P^gypt. For his services in this enterprise he twice received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament ; he gained the approbation of his Sovereign ; was nominated a Knight of the Bath ; received the Order of the Crescent from tiie Grand Seignior ; was elevated to the peerage by the title of Baron Hutchinson OF Alexandria and of Knocklofty, in the county of Tippe- rary ; and received an important adtlifion to liis income. He was also nominated Governor of Stirling Castle ; and was appointed by His Majesty, Colonel of the Skventy-fourtii regiment on the 2 1st of March, 1802. In 1803 his Lordship was promoted to the rank of Lieut. -General. The subsequent services of Lord Hutchinson were of a diplomatic character : in November, 180(.», ha proceeded on an extraordinary mission to the Prussian and Russian armies ; and he afterwards proceeded to the Court of St. Petersburg. In 1806 he was nominated to the colonelcy of thefifiv . •. enth regiment, and was removeci in 1811 to the eighteenth lloyal Irish regiment. In 1813 he was promoted to the rank of General. On the decease of his brother, in 182.'j. he suc- coeiled to the title of Earl op Donougiimouk. He died on the Gth of July, 1832. Sir John Stuart, K.B., Count uf Maida, Appointed Slh September^ 1 806. John Stuart obtained a commission of ensign in the Third Foot (luards in 1779, and proceeding to North America, received a dangerous wound, while serving under Earl Corn- wallis, in Carolina. On the breaking out of the war of the French revolution in 1703, he accompanied his regiment to Flundvi^, ttiid was «oon nfterwunls promutuci to cuptuiii and SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. in ♦^ lieut. -colonel : he was engaged in numerous services, and eventually commanded one of tlie battalions of foot guards serving under His Royal Highness tlie Duke of York. In 1796 he was promoted to tlie rank of colonel. He served as brigadier-geperal in Portugal ; also in the successful expedition against Minorca, where he obtained the command of a regi- ment raised on tlie island, afterwards the Queen's German Kegiment, which was numbered, on the 6th of June, 1808, the ninety-seventh regiment, and was disbanded on the lOtli of December, 1818. From Minorca he proceeded with the expedition to Egypt, under Lieut. -Genoral Sir Ralph Abercromby, and evinced talent and enterprise at the head of a f(>reign brigade, at the battle of Alexandria, on the 2l8t of March, 1801 ; the French Invincible standard was one of tlie tropiiies acquired by the Queen's German Regiment. At the termination of tlie cam- paign in Egypt, he returned to England, from whence lie proceeded on a political mission to Constantinople ; and afterwards assumed tlie command of tiie British troops ut Alexandria ; his conduct (hiring tlie period that Egypt was tlie scene of civil war between the Turks and Mamelukes, procured iiim the approbation of Iits Sovereign ; and he was permitted to receive the Order of the Crescent from the Grand Seignior. On the 29th of April, 1802, he was pro- muted to the rank of major-general ; and in 1804 and 1805 he commanded a brigade on the coast of Kent, in readiness to repel the menaced French invasion. He afterwards accom- panied Lieut. -General Sir James Craig with the expedition to Naples, and was left in command of the British troops on the island of Sicily. The French assembled a force in Calabria, fur the invasion of Sicily, and Majur-General Stuart formed the design of cutting off the French divinion under General Regnier; the result was the Rattle of Maida, where, on the 4tli of July 1800, a victory was gained which reHecteil great credit on Major-General Stuart, and lustre on the British arms. The British Minister at Ralermo stated, in an oiHcial oommu- uication — "There is not to be found in the annals of military transactions an enterprise prepared with more delilicrnte reHee- tion, or executed with groiiter decision, promptitude, and suc- cess, than tl o late invasion of ('alabria by Sir .loiin Stuart. I trust, therefor(>, you will not tliink me prc-'umptnouH, for venturing to add my testimony of (liu high sense entertained by 119 SUCCESSION OF COLOKELS, this Court, of the merits of the British General, and of his gal- lant army, who on the fertile plains of Maida, have added new trophies to those which the same troops had formerly earned from the same enemy, on the sandy regions of Egypt." For his conduct on this occas? i, Major-General Stuart received the thanks of Parliament with the vote of a thousand pounds a year for life, the apjnoba^'on of his Sovereign, and the dignity of Knight of th • Bath; he was created Count of Maida by the King of the Two Sicilies ; and the city of London voted Jiim their freedom and a sword ; and on the 8th of September, 1806, His Majesty King George III., conferred on him the colonelcy of the Seventy-fourth regiment. He was advanced to the rank of lieut. -general on the 25th April, 1808 ; and on the 29th Decend)er of the following year His Majesty King George HI. conferred on him the colonelcy of the twentietii regiment. He again distinguished himself in defeating the designs of Marshal Murat, on wiiom Napoleon iiad conferred the kingdom of Naples, i.iid who made extensive preparations for the invasion of Sicily; but sustained a decisive repulse in 1810, when a French standard M'as captured ; and the Count of Maida was rewarded with the Order of St. Gennaro. Lieut. -General Sir John Stuart, after his return to England, was appointed, on the 10th of June, 1813, to the command of the western di:4lrict of Great Britain. He died in 1815. I r The HoNonABLE Sih Alexander Hope, G.CB. Appointed 29th December 1809. The Honohahle Alexander Hoi'E entered the army us ensign in the sixty-third regiment, on the 6th of March, 1786, and atlera service of upwards of thirteen years he wati proniotci to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the fourteentii Foot, on the 27th of August, 1794. He commanded the regiment during its retreat through Holland, and in the attack of the French post at (tuelderniulsen, on tiie Htli of .Tannury, 1795, he received a wound in the shoulder, wiiich deprived him of the use of his riglit arm. He was appointed governor of Tynemouth and Clifford's fort, in 1797 ; lieutenant-governor of Ediiil)urgh Castle, in 179H ; and deputy adjutant-gcneial to the expedition to Holland, in 179!). Hu was promoted lo SUCCESSION OP COLONELS. 119 the rank of colonel in the army, on the 1 st of January, 1800; and to the colonelcy of the Fifth West India Regiment, on the 30th of October, 1806. In April, 1808, he was further pro- moted to the rank of major-general, and on the 29th of December 1809, was appointed colonel of the Seventt- FOOBTH regiment. In April, 1813, he was removed to the colonelcy of the forty-seventh regiment ; and in June of the same year, he was advanced to the rank of lieutenant-general^ He obtained the rank of general on the 22nd of July, 1830 ; and the colonelcy of the fourteenth regiment, in 1835. He was nominated a Knight Grand Cross of the Honorable Order of the Bath, and he was also appointed lieutenant-governor of the Royal Hospital of Chelsea : he died on the 19th of May, 1 837. ;'■)! m ■I n James Montqomerie, Appointed 26th April, 1813. This OTicer was appointed ensign in the fifty-first regiment, on the 13th of September, 1773; he joined at Minorca in the beginning of 1774; and in 1775 exchanged into the thirteenth foot. In tiie following year he returned with the regiment to England, and in 1779 was promoted to a lieu- tenancy. In February, 1780, he wiis promoted to a company in the late ninety-third regiment, and sailed with an expedi- tion to tiie West Indies. Soon after arriving at Jamaica, the ninety -third regiment was drafted and sent home : Captain Mo!i^,'jomerie r« ..mined in that island on the staff, as major of brigade to General Garth, and at the end of the year 1781 • :*urned to Europe. On the reduction of the ninety-third regiment at the peace of 1783, this officer was removed to the tenth foot, and joined in Jamaica in 1780; in 1790 he was sent to England vn the recruiting service, and in February, 1793, he rejoined his ixjimentand continued with it until 1794. On arriving in England, he was appointed major of brigade on the Home Staff under Major-General Bruce's command ; in March 1794, lie received f! «• brevet rank of major, and In May, 1795, v/an appointed lieutenant-colonel if the sixtli West India regiu'ent ; he sailed with tlie officers co Martinicpio in onler to raise that corps, but not succeeding, he volisnteered his services in llie expedition under General Sir Ralph A.ber- crumby in l796«and wtut appointed to conunand the troops at 120 SUCCESSIOIV OF COLONELS. St. Kitts, where he remaineil until 1798, when he exchanged into the forty-fifth regiment, which he joined at Dominica ; but ill health shortly afterwards compelled him to return to England. He was appoint' li colonel by brevet on the 2;Hh of April, 1802 ; and in lb')4 he was appointed lieutei^aiu- colonel in the sixty-fourth regiment. In February of the latter year he was appointei' brigadicr-geueral in the "^V >.'t Indies. He sailed in March v ith General Sh* William Myers, commander of the forces, and v.as selected ijy the governmeui, io hold the civil and milit;;ry command at Tobago, in 1605 he was removed to the colonies of Demerara nnd Berbice, where he remained until November, 1808, disring (lie greater (iift of which time he acted as governor of thoso colonies. He was then removed by General Sir George Li ckN\ ith to Dominica, t id in 1809 lie returned to England. Oi; the 25ih of October, ji809, he ieceived the ranlc of major-general, and on the 26th ol i pril, !S\3, was appointed by the Prince B-egent, in the n^ui.' and bt''ui?f of His Majesty, to the colonelcy of the S^^vr.NTk-FOUKTi; regiment. On tlie 4th of June, 1814, he wasadviinced to the rank of lieutenant-general. His Majesty King George tlie Fourth, appointed Lieut.-G t neral Mont.-omerie to be colonel of tlie thirtieth regiment, on the 13th of Jime, 1823, which he retained until his decease in the year 182i'. The Honorable Sin Charles Colville, G.C.B., G.C.II., Appointed ISth June, 1823. On the 26th of December 1781, this officer was appointed ensijn in the twenty-eighth regiment, whicli he joinwl in Ireland on the 13tli of June, 1787; in September, 1787, he was promoted lieutenant, and on the 24th of January, 1791, was promoted to an independent C()m|)uny, and on the 2Gth of May following was appointed to the thirteenth regiment. Captain Colviil) joined the thirteenth regiment at Ja- maica in December, i79l; ha accompanied the expedition to St. Doniingo in September, 1793, and wiis present at most of the attacks and skirmi^ihes, between that time .nn^ June, 1795, wlien he rthirned to England. On the \i 2(ith of Aui^ust, 1790, to that of 1'i.itit.- oolonel. He scrvf i -vilh the thirteenth in Ire -id >..iriiig SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. 121 k the rebellion ; in the expedition to Ferrol in 1800 ; and to Kgypt in 1801. Lieut. -Colonel Colville was present in theactionon landing on the 8th of March, and in those of the 13th and 21st • of that month ; and vas subsequently employed in the invest- ment of Alexandria, and continued in Egypt until March 1802. In August, 1803, he joined his regiment at Gibraltar, and did duty there until May, 1805. On the 1st of January, 1805, he roceived the brevet rank of colonel ; in February, 1808, Colonel Colville accompanied his regiment to Bermuda ; on the 25th of December, 1 809, he was appointed brigadier- general, and was employed in the command of the second brigade of General Sir George Prevost's division of the army, in the investment and siege of Fort Dessaix, and in the absence of Major-General Maitland, to the command of the garrison of Grenada. On the 25th of July, 1810, he was advanced to the rank of major-general, and was appointed to the colonelcy of the fifth garrison battalion on the 10th of October, 1812, and he subsequently served on the staff of the Peninsula. On the 29th of April, 1815, he was appointed colonel of the ninety-fourth regiment (late Scots Brigade), which was dis- banded on the 24th of December, 1818; and on the l'2th of August, 1819, he was promoted lieut.-general. He was nomi- nated a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath for his distinguished services, and His Majesty King George the Fourth, conferred on him the colonelcy of the Sevkntv- FOURTH regiment on the 13th of June, 1823. In January, 1828, lieut.-general the Honorable Sir Charles Colville was appointed governor of the Mauritius, and also to the command of tlje troops in tliat island, where he remained until Jan- uary, 1833, On the 12th of December, 18o4, he Mas vrmoved to the iouriteenth regiment of foot ; and on the 25th of March, 1835, he was n)»pointed colonel of the fifth regiment of foot, or Northumberlnid Fusiliers, and on the 10th of January, 1837, was advai ced to the rank of general. General the Honorable Si- C'larles Colville, G.C.B. G.C.H. died on the 27th of March, 1843. ciiH James Cami'bell, K.C.B., K.C.II., Appoin'ed 12/A Dceenibcr, 1834. This OtHccr commenced his military career as ensign in the first or royal regiment of foot, hitt connniHsion being dated 122 SUCCESSION OP COLONELS. 30th of March, 1791. He was promoted to a lieutenancy in the regiment on the 20th of March, 1794 ; was placed on half-pay in January, 1795, and in December, 1797, he was gazetted to a company in the forty-second royal Highland regiment. In June, 1799, he wsls promoted to the rank of major in the Argyle Fencibles, and was removed to the ninety- fourth regiment on the 7th of April, 1802. He was promoted to the rank of lieut.-colonel in the ninety-fourth regiment, on the 27th of September, 1804. On the 4th of June, 1813, he received the brevet rank of colonel; and on the 12th of August, 1819, he was advanced to the rank of major-general. On the 3rd of December, 1822, His Majesty King George the Fourth nominated him a Knight Commander of the most Iionourable Order of the Bath, and King William the Fourth conferred on him the coh)nelcy of the ninety-fourth regiment on the 13th of April, 1831, frri, '>ich he was removed to the Seventy-foi BTH regiment r i (he i- !i of December, 1834. Major-General Sir James CaHj^l, M. ui».f' tt Paris, on the 6th of May, 1835. Sib Phineas Riall, K.C.H., Ajijioinffff 20(/i May, 1835. Removed to the Fifteenth Ueyitiniit of Foot on the 2ith April, 1 846. Sir Alexander Cameron, K.C'.B., Appointed 24th April, 1846. Gi Hi M Al R< A [ 123 ] Succession op Lieutenant-Colonels ok tup Seventy-fourth Regiment, (Highlanders). NAMES. Date of Appointment. Gordou Forbes .... Hamilton Maxwell . . . Marlborough Parsons Sterling Alexander Koss .... Robert Shawe Alexander Campbell . . . William Harness .... Robert Shawe Samuel Swinton .... Malcolm McPherson . . . Hon. Robert Le Poer Trench John Alexander Mein. . , Eyre John Crablie . . . William White Crawley .fohn Fordyce 12 Oct. l."! Dec. 9 June 5 Dec. 1 Sept. 4 Dec. Date of Removal. 1787 1788 1794 1795 1795 179G 14 Dec. 8 June 4 Dec. 3 Dec. 24 Dec. 25 July 24 Dec. 1798 7 June 1800 1788 1794 1795 1796 1798 1810 REMARKS. 7 June 1800 1 Dec. 1803 1 Dec. 180?< l.> May 1805 14 May 1807 21 Sept. 20 Mar. Nov. 1 May 10 July 21 Sept. i809 1809114 Mb'-. 1823 1823 5 Nov. 1841 1841 1 May 1840 1846 10 July 1846 1846 Died. Died. Died. Died. j Exchanged to 12th 1 Foot. ( Promoted Major- 1 General. 1 Returned to 18th Foot by General Orders of the 7th June, 1800. Resumed his situa- tion in the I?"gi- ment by G( '.eral Orders of the ("♦h June, 1800 ; re- tiredlBtDec.1803. (Promoted in 75th \ Regiment. Exchanged to In- specting Field Officer, Canada. Died. Died. Retired on Fu !)-pay Retired. ill M [ 124 J Succession op Majors of the SEVENTy-FouRxii Regiment (Highlanders). NAMES, Da.c Appointment, Date of Removal. REMARKS, Francis Skelly ... 5 Nov. Robert Shawi .... 1 Dec. Alexander R' :3 . . .28 Mar. Alexander Campbell . 25 Dec. William Wallace . . 2 Sept. Willi u 3',ouglas . . 4 Dec. Samu.. Swinton . . . 17 May Janies Kobertson . . .122 Nov. FraflCi.= R. West ... I Dec. J'ulcolm McPherson. . 14 Nov, Hon, McDonnell Murray IS^Nov, Edward Broughtcn . . 14 May Russell Manners* . .11 Mar. Allen Wi mpbellf 5 Apr. John Alexauilcr Mein . 11 Nov. David Stewart . . .18 Apr. William MooreJ . • . 20 Mar. Eyre John Crabbe . . 31 Jan. John William Hutchinson 4 Dec. Donald John McQueen . 23 Oct. Thomas Mannin ... 3 Oct. William White Crawley 13 Oct. John Casamir Harold . G Nov. John Fordyce ... 22 Oct, Augustus Francis Ansell 1 May Hon. Thomas O'Grady . 10 July 1788 30 Nov, 1793 28 Mar, 1793 1795 1795 1795 1795 4 Deo. 4 Dec. 22 Nov. 1796.17 May 1799 1 Dec. 1803 14 Nov, 1803 15 Nov. 1804 13 May I8O4I10 Mar. 1807 4 Apr. 1808 18 Apr. 1810 10 Nov, 1813 20 Mar. Died. ( Exchanged to 76th \ Foot. , . ' } Promoted Lieut.- ' - ' j Cr.l.p/l. ,--, (Promoted Lieut,- ^^^Nl Colonel. ,„„„( Promoted in the ^**""*|t 19th Dragoons. , -n„l j Promoted in 85th •■'^^ll Foot, Promoted Lieut.- Colon*-', 1803! • I8O4' 1804' ,ort,! I Promoted ^^"M Colonel, Retired. Retired. Lieut • 1322 1823 1828 1828 1830 1808 1810 1822 1813 1823 Died, Retired. Retired. 4 Dec. 31 Jan, 6 Nov. 22 Oct. 3 Oct, 1834 12 Oct, 1839 1 May 1841 22 C:?. 1844 10 July 184e 1841 Died of wounds. ( Promoted Lieut,- I Colonel. jgggU Exchanged to 65th i( Foot. 1828 1 Retired. 1 o 4 1 f Promoted Lieut,- '^■^M Colonel. 1830 Died. 1834 Retired, 1839, Died at sea. iD.^i (Promoted Lieut,- ^^•*'^ii Colonel, , , , . 1 Exchanged to 1 1 th '^*M Foot. 184f> ( Promoted Lieut.' ( Colonel. * Brevet Lieut.-Colonel. f H'l'vcc l-ieut.* ilonel, 30th June, 1813. I Brevet Major, ::!st June, 1813. [ 12:^ ] APPENDIX TO THE HISTORICAL RECORD ov THE SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, (HIGHLANDERS.) No. 1. A monument was erected in the year 1195, in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey, to the memory of Major-General Sir Archibald CAMPBELii, who raised the Seventy-fourth Highlanders, which bears the following inscription : — " Sacred to the memory of Major-General Sir Archibald Campbell, Knight of the Bath, Colonel of the Seventy- fourth Highland Regiment of Foui, Hereditary Usher of the White Rod in Scotland, late Governor of Jamaica, Governor of Fort St. George, and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces on the Coast of Coromandel, in the East Indies. He died equally regretted and admired for his eminent civil and military services to his country ; possessed of distinguished endow- ments of mind, dignified manners, inflexible integrity, un- feigned benevolence, with every social and amiable virtue. He departed this life March 31st, 1791. Aged 61." No. 2. Lieut.'Colonel Campbell, afterwards Lieut.- General Sir Alexander Campbell, Baronet, and K.C.B., entered the service ns Ensign in the 1st battalion of Royals, in the year 1776; was promoted to a Lieutenancy in 1778, to a company in the 97 Ui regiment by purchase in 1780, in the course of that year served on board a ninety-^^un ship, belonging to the Channel I 126 APPENDIX. Fleet, under Admiral Darby, in command of three companies of his regiment. In 1781 the 97th was landed at Gibraltar, where he commanded the light company during the remainder of the siege. At the peace of 1783 he was placed on half-pay. Being appointed as Captain to the SEVENxy-FOURTHon its formation in 1787, he raised nearly five hundred men for the regiment ; he went to India in 1793, and in the following year was ap- pointed Brigade- Major to the King's troops on the Coast of Coromandel, and subsequently in the same year, was selected by Lord Hobart, Governor of Madras, for the civil, judicial, and military charge of the settlement and fort of Pondicherry, recently conquered from the French, and was honoured with the expression of the entire approbation of Government for his services therein. He was promoted to a regimental Majority on thelstofSeptember,and to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy on the 4th of December, 1795. In the year 1797 he was ap- pointed to command a flank corps of the force formed at Madras, to act against Manilla. The expedition, however, proceeded no further than Prince of Wales Island, whence it was recalled to Fort St. George. In 1799, he commanded the Seventy-fourth in the army under General Harris, and received the thanks of the Com- mander-in-Chief for the gallant conduct of the corps at the battle of Mallavelly. At the siege and capture of Seriiigapatam, he was particularly distinguished by the strongest expressions of the Commander-in-Chief's approbation. He also served in the first campaign which immediately followed the conquest of Mysore against Dhoondia Waugh, under Sir Arthur Wel- lesley. In 1800, he was appointed to the command of the fort of Bangalore, which he retained until he was removed to the command of Pondicherry. In 1801, he was selected to com- mand the force destined to reduce the Danish settlement of Tranquebar. In 1802, he was appointed to command the northern division of the Madras army, with a force of five thousand men, occupying a line of sea-coast seven hundred miles in length, and received the uniform approbation of his superiors in the conduct of various detachments of this force, employed in action and difficult operations ; and in most un- healthy districts. . 4: 4 APPENDIX. 127 i > i I At the commencement of the var with the Mahratta States in 1803, the Marquis Wellesley, Governor- General, selected him to command the force, upwards of five thousand men, for the subjugation of the Province of Cuttack, the arrangements for which enterprise were entirely completed by him, but se- vere illness, which endangered his life for several weeks after- wards, prevented him from leading the troops employed on this service, and he was obliged to return after the first day's march. On the 25th of September this year, he obtained the rank of Colonel. In 1805, he was appointed to the command of Seringapatam, Mysore, and all of the late Tippoo Sultaun's dominions, on the departure of Sir Arthur "Wellesley from India. In 1806, on the return home of the Seventy-fourth, he was retained in India by the Commander-in-Chief, and ap- pointed to the command of Trichiuopoly and the southern division of the army, where a strong force had just been as- sembled for field service, General Macdoual being appointed to the command of Mysore ; at tliis time he had the good for- tune, by the means he adopted, to seize about two hundred of the mutineers engaged in tlie massacre of the European troops at Vellore. Colonel Campbell left India towards the end of 1807, and on his arrival in England in 1808, he was appointed a Briga- dier-General, and placed on the stafl^of the army in Ireland. In January, 1809, he was appointed to the staff of the army in the Peninsula, was present at the crossing of the Douro, and in the pursuit of Marshal Soult. He commanded the division which formed the right wing of the British army at Talavera, where he was severely wounded through the thigh by a grape- shot. On this occasion, he received the marked approbation of the Commander-in-Chief, in orders, for his " courage and judgment," and was recommended by him for some substantial mark of His Majesty's favour ; in consequence of which he was appointed Colonel of the York Light Infantry Volunteers. In January, 1810, being recovered from his wounds, he rejoined the army in Portugal, and was soon after appointed to com- mand a division. He was removed from the list of the Seventy-fourth by his promotion to the rank of Major-General on the 25th of July, 1810, up to which date he remained Lieut. -Colonel in the regiment, having served in it for twenty-two years, fifteen of 128 APPENDIX. them in the East Indies. On his leaving the regiment, he was the only individual who had belonged to it at its forma- tion in 1787. Major-General Campbell afterwards served in the Peninsula, in command of the sixth division, until severe illness compelled him to return to England in December, 1811 ; he was then em- ployed as Commander of the Forces at the Mauritius, was pro- moted to Lieut.-General in the year 181.4, and in the same year was created a Baronet, and recei vcd the Order of Knight Commander of the Bath, and was appointed Colonel of the 80th regiment in 1813. Sir Alexander Campbell had three sons, and three nephews, officers in the Seventy-fguhth ; ofhissons, two (Lieutenants in the regiment,) were killed during the Mahratta campaign, one on detached service, and the other. Lieutenant John Mors- liead Campbell, at the battle of Assaye ; the third and only surviving son lived to be promoted to a Majority in the regi- ment in the year 1810, but died in November, 1813, of a wound received at the battle of the Pyrenees. Of his nepliews, who were brothers of Lieutenant-General Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B., (then Lieutenant in the 78th regiment,) Captain Jolm Campbell and Lieutenant Alexander Campbell, were killed on detaclied service against the southern Polygars, in the beginning of 1801, at a siege where the storming party to whicii they belonged, being recalled from an impracticable breach, one of tl;em having missed his brotiier, and being informed that he had fallen, returned to the breach and suc- ceedeil in bringing liim off; but was also mortally wounded in doing so, and they bntii died in tlie saine tent. The third and youngest of these brothers. Lieutenant Lorn Campl)ell, was killed at Assaye. APPENDIX. 129 No. 3. List of Officers of the Sevanty-fourth Highlanders whose Deaths are recorded as having taken jdace during the service of the Regiment in the East Indies, between t/ie Years 1 790 and 1HU4. BANK. Lieut.-Col. » » > > > I > I Major . Captain Lieutenant NAME Hamilton Maxwell Mavlbro' Sterling. Alexander lioss . Francis 3kelly Kiclinrd I'-'^tland James Clarke . John Campbell . John Campbell . James Cumpbell . liichard NeiUon . Charles McKenzie David Aytone . Andrew l)yce • Roderick MeLeod John Maxwell Uoswell Campbell Dugald Lnmont . John Forbes . • John Gorrey , . Peter Pi'att)u . Alexander Stewart Jnmes (Campbell • John Wallace Charles Campbell John Campbell . John McG rigor . Stewai-' Douglas . (^hnrles Aberuethy James Furquhar . lireon Fletcher . .Vtmes Prendergast George Campbell John (Campbell . Vesey Hill . . John Miirshend Campbell Henry Shawe . licwis Irvine . . Dugald William Gilchrist Alexander Campbell James (jirant . Patrick Shank • Thttmas William Edwards ItolHTt Neilson . 1{. Mi'Murdo . Williiim llobertson T/Orn Campbell . Martin Morris . DMte or I)<'«tli. 8 June 1794 4 December 1795 3 December 1796 SO November 1793 12 October 1790 19 August 1791 31 October 1792 16 July 1801 2 May 1801 19 September 1796 28 February 1800 23 September 1803 23 September 1803 23 September 1803 23 September 1803 8 NovomV)er 1791 12 November 1791 19 Sf-ptemljcr 1791 24 December 1790 29 May 1 792 6 December 1797 29 November 1791 24 October 1790 ^8 June 1793 1 January 1796 7 May 1 792 l!i November 179,5 4 May 1 799 20 April 1803 4 May 1799 10 August 1796 23 Se,)tember 1803 4 May 1799 23 September 1803 4 May 1799 26 April 1799 4 May 1801 1 April 1801 23 September 1803 31 March 1801 17 November 1799 23 September 1803 2." Sptember 1803 13 July 18(11 23 September 1803 23 September 1803 130 APPENDIX. No. S- — continued. List of Officers of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders whose Deaths are recorded as having taken pUwe in tk" East Indies, between the Years 1790 and 1804— continued. RANK. NAME. Date of Death. En8ign> . 5 > f » t t > » Volunteer . Ast. Surgeon John Gordon James Leggett W. M. Charleton Hugh Munro Edward Bacon Tew James Andrews 31 March 1792 19 January 1796 • • • • 6 November 1802 17 October 1802 23 September 1803 11 May 1804 No. 4. State of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders on its embarkation for the Peninsula, I tith January, 1810. DISTKiJUTION. • 1 6 1 I 1 • • 1 • 1 1 • 3 • a •1 a I 8 a • • • 10 • 10 1 1 i 1 3, a 1 S 1 1 a » M 1 45 • « • • • i i 16 • • • • • Embarked . . . Ou Command . . Recruiting . . . Leave and Furlough Sick. Absent . . Absent without leave Total EflFectives. Wanting to complete Establishment • . • 1 • • t • 1 t 1 8 t 4 • • 13 13 IS 1 1 1 • t 18 2 30 ( } 31 8 3 a ii 639 2 27 3 69 7 6 44 • 44 22 747 ( 5 • 82 53 800 • APPENDIX 131 Rank and Names of the Officers who embarked for the Peninsula. Lieut. Col. R, Le Poer Trench. Ensign Brown. Major Mauners. > 1 Grant. Captain Langlands. Alves. , , Mein. Colling. , , Shawe. King. , , Collins. Graham. , , Moore. Johnston. , , Miller. Pye. , , Thomson. Nevin. , , McNeill. Heron. Lieutenant McQeeen. Williams. , , Kennedy. Ramadge. , , Cargill. 1 Manning. , , Maxwell. Surgeon Lindsay. , , Stuart. Assistant Surgeon Grant. , , Wingate. 1 1 , , Hamilton , , Tew. Pay-Master Hassard. , , Crabbe. Adjutant Cresswell. Ensign Pattison. Quarter-Maste- Fraser , , Ewing. Officers Abs ml. Colonel Sir Alexander Hope, Major-General (Deputy Quarter-Master General). Lieut.-Colonel Alexander Campbell (Colonel, Brigadier- General). Major Bronghton, sick. Captain Allen William Campbell, Assistant Adjutant General, Portugal. , , Hassard, sick. Lieutenant Anrell, recruiting at Glasgow. Robertson , , Thurso. Lyster , , Iiancaster. , , W hitting , , Athlone. Ensign Douglass , , Inverness. Black, in charge of sick mm at ('ork. A''4n8ou, newly appointed. » » > > K 2 132 APPENDIX. No. 5. £iiteiblishment of the Seventy-fourth Higlilanders, lUth October, 1810. Eleven Companies. 1 Colonel. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel. 2 Majors. 11 Captains. 24 Lieutenants. 9 Ensigns, t ' ■" -Master. .. ^ lant. \ Quarter-Master, i Surgeon. 2 Assistant-Surgeons. 1 Serjeant-Major. 1 Quarter-Master-Serjeant, 1 Pay-Master-Serjeant. 1 Armourer-Serjeant. 58 Serjeants. 58 Corporals. 24 Drummers. 2 Fifers. 9.50 Privates. 1,150 Total of all ranks, officers and men Eilablishment q/ the Sevtnty-fourth HighUmders, 25lh June, 1811. Eleven Companies. 1 Colonel. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel. 2 Majors. 1 1 Captains. 34 Lieutenants. 9 Ensigns. 1 Pay-Master. I Ailjutunt. 1 (^iiarter-MaRter. 1 Surgeon. 3 Assistant Surgeons. 73 Serji'ants. 6R Corporals, ar Drunnnerg l,Uu PriTatrs. 1 ,3C! Totiii (if ull riiuks, officers and mt«u. APPENDIX. 133 EsuMuhment of the Seventy- Fourth Highlanders, 26th Feb., 1815. Ten Companies. 1 Colonel. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel. 2 Majors. 10 Captains. 22 Lieutenants. 8 Ensigns. I Pay-Master. 1 Adjutant. 1 Quarter-Master. 1 Surgeon. 2 Assistant-Surgeons. 45 Serjeants. 40 Corporals. 22 Drummers. 760 Privates. 917 Total of all ranks, officers and men. Establishment of the Seventy-fourth Highlanders, Ut January, 1818. Eleven Compunits. 1 Colonel. 1 Lieutenant-Colonel. 2 Majors. 11 Captains 14 Lieutena *8. 8 Ensigns. 1 Pay-Master. 1 Adjutant. 1 Quarter- Mttiter. 1 Surgeon. 2 AsHistcnt Surgeons. 53 Serjeants. 48 CorporalK. 22 DrumnuTS. 7tiO Privates. 926 Total of all ranks, offlcerB, aiiil men. 134 APPENDTX. No. 6. Nominal Returns of Non-commissioned Officers and Men who are recorded as having been Killed or Wounded on the undermentioned occasions in the Peninsula and France, At Busaco, 27th September. 1810. Killed. Private Richard Green. , , John Dick. , , Thomas Rowen. , , John Lee. ,, Wm. Mcintosh. , , James Fitzpatrick. , , Connor Minton. Wounded, Serjeant J. Abbott. Private Francis Hand. , , Alexander Hislop. , , Andrew McNee. , , William Campbell. , , John Ross. , , James Watson. , , William Palmer. , , David Dalgleish. , , AVilliam Duncan. , , Angus Campbell. , , George Bogle. , , Lawrence Byrne. , , Patrick Carroll. , , Richard Creightou. , , James McCally. , , John Mulholliiud. , , William Hardy. , , John McGiiTort At R EDI Nil a, aist March. 181 1. Killed. PriTftte Andrew E.gloton iVounded, Private Jost ph Ix?sslie. , , John Kelly. , , John Middleton. , , Robert McEwen. ,, Thomas Minnh. , , Richard Nicholson. At Fuentes d'Onor, 5th May, 1811. Killed Serjeant Bullingiil. Corporal Miller. Private Alexander Willinmi, , , Patrick Woods. Wounded, Serjeant Hall. Corporal Dallas. , , McDonald. 1 1 Ross. , , Gibb. , , Campbell. Private Robert Long. , , Thomas Newton. It Arthur Griihnm. , , Matthew Kidd. , , William Charleton. , ) Angus Cameron. ) . Denis Gulngher. ,. Alexander JlcClellun. , , James Forester. ,, William Miller (2). , . John Green. ,, Daniel Kelly. , . James Ciirt'T, I , JanicH Clarke. , , James Marr|ui«. APPENDIX. 135 t > 1 1 > t > t > > > • Private Alezinder Cannon. , , George Gordon. Patrick Bradley. Robert Cunuingham. John McKenzie. Ponts. Campbell. Patrick Callaghan. Derby Fechan. David Weston. Colin Matheson. C. Kane. William Clifton. C. Brinen. John Reilly. Peter Murray. Charles Caldoo. Ralph Little. Inps. Little. Robert McFarlane. Thomas Mooney. John Smith. Samuel McDonald. John McLisky. Henry O'Hara. Thomas Crawley. George Berry. John McKenzie. , , Andrew McKenzie. , , John McDonald. , , Lanty Collins. , , William McCallum. Siege of Ciudad Rodriqo, 4th to 19th January, iei2. Killed. Corporal McLnnaghan. Private George Hay. , , Simon Fraser. , , David Dalziel. Duvid McCann. John Waterhouse. Wounded. Serjeant McLeod. Corporal Connon. ,, McPherson. , , Fitzsiiiious. , , Henderson. Private Donald Fraser. > I » ' > > I » >i > > > > > I » » » » 1 1 Private Andrew McCulloch. James Tanner. Hugh Mulholland. Felix Murphy. Joseph Johnston. Michael Callaghan. John Parker. John Ross. Daniel Sleaven. Robert Mclntyre. Robert McPherson. John Taylor. John Marmion. John Donoghoe. Donald McLeod. John Sheridan. George Brown. Henry Ashburry. John Graham. Patrick Milligan. > > > > > I > I >> it t > > • I > > t > f I I * > » » t > > > • I SlEQE OF BaDAJOZ, 16th March to 7th April, 181S. Killed. Serjeant Strachan. Corporal John Curry. , , D. McLeod. Private Robert Buchanan. , , Alex. Campbell (1st). , , John Mclntyre. , , William Dunsmore. , , William McDonnell. , , James Gilmore. , , James Todd. , y George Robertson. Munro McKay. David McClure. John Kirk. Hugh Hughes. John Carfull. William Hadden. Donald Grant. James Sutherland. Alexander Stewart. John Fraser. David Sinclair John McGill. Frnncii Mohan. Moore HallorMi. » > » » > > 1 1 i^V 136 APPENDIX. Wounded. Seijeant George Robertson. , , Jordan. , , Mallard. , , White. , , Reagan. Lance Serjeant J. Russell. Corporal Aughterloine. , , Cameron. , , McKissock. , , G. Forbes. , , B. McGuire. Private Thomas Pierce. , , George Taylor. , , James Wood. , , James Shawe. , , Joseph Green. , , Andrew Clark. , , Thomas Davidson. ,, John Fisken. , , Alexander Hughes. , , Laurence Hughes. , , William Jamie6iltikd July, 1812. Killed. Lunce Serjeant Dallas. Private Patrick Cwldy. , . Val. Garland. APPENDIX. 137 Wounded. Serjeant Barr. , , Sinclair. Corporal Porter. , , Miller. Roy. Pr vate A'-^xander Jess. Hugh G.lilin. Timothy Desmond. Thomas Dunn. Evan Morgan. Henry Mclnally. George McKenzie. Daniel Tawney. Thomas Kennedy. Bernard Burke. '. obert Brown. William Milligau. William Adams. Robert Patterson. James Stewart. Thomas Wilson. Thomas Davidson. James Dooland. John Loughuan. Thomas Keating. Francis McCabe. James O'Neill. William Hodge. William Gibb. Patrick Bradley. David Pinniston. Michael Naughton. James Armstrong. Philip Smith. William Rodds. John Rees. William Chatbum. Samuel Smith. Quintiu Lugan. Simon Barry. George Beatley. David Curry. Thomas Ewart. James Hunter. At VlTTORIA, 21st June, 1813. Killed. Private Jmocs McCuUoch. , , .>'ohn McLauchlan. , , David Dalglish. , , William Murray. , , Thomas Carr. , i George McKenzie. , , John Irish. Wounded. Serjeant -'T-jor McPherson. Sei-jeant \^/. Ross. , , Morrison. , , Bassill. ij . ammer James Kincaid. Corpr>ral J. Taylor. , , D. McGurk. Private John Brooker. , , Owen Mclntee. , , Phcnon McKinnon. , , James O'Hara. , , Philip Smith. , , Michael Kirnan. , , Owen Kennedy. , , Peter ICane. , , Thomas Power. , , Darby Coolighan. , , Peter Ballard. , , John Cramp. V Patrick Hughes. , , Thomas Cunningham. , , Michael Errolls. , , Patrick Muldoon. , , Charles Mulholland. , , James Gordon. , , Patrick Houlighan. , , Matthew Briggs. . , George Beecroft. , , William Houston. , Thomas Crawley. , , Walter O'Neill. , , Patrick H'^avey. , , John Dunn. , , George Nave. , , Thomas Banco. , , ^';unuel Parkinson. 138 APPENDIX. Before Pampel .va. 15th July, 1813. billed. William Smith. William Harwood. Philip Pratt. WouTided. Serjeant Reid. Corporal Sharky. Private John McEwen. , , Robert McFarlane. , , Thomas Brown. , , Richard Bishop. , , Thomas Forrest. Action near Pamfeluna. 30th July, 1813. Killed. Serjeant Holler. Private Alexander Campbell. , , Charles Jelly. , , George Stewart , , Robert Wallace. Wbiinded. Serjeant J. Jer^iy, , , Bit^'t^xr. , , fciactulr. Corporal P. WHsoa. , , W. Nichol. , , D. Fleming. Private Alexander Buchanan. William Devlin. Duncan Dunbar. John Falloon. James Gibson. I > f > » » , , David Henry. , , John McGregor. » » > > , , Cornelius Cau'field. , , Alexander McXnight. , , John Kelly. , , John McPherson. , , Roderick McDonald. ,, John Barry (l^i). James Grear. Henry Pye. Joseph McCreary. John McBride. Private Thomas Banco. David Cargill. John Kearney. Donald Johnston. Henry Graham. James Blackrae. George McPherson. Hector McRae. Robert Cunningham. John Graham. Patrick Lee. James Martin. Michael Mossey. Jeremiah Murphy. Lawrence O'Brien. Patrick Reagan. I » I f • t t » ft » > At Orthes. 27th February, 1814. Killed. Serjeant Mallard. Corporal Montgomery. Private Patrick McGill. , , Hugh McLoughliu. , , Michael Mossey. , , John Stewart. , , Peter Stewart. , , George Williams. Wounded, Serjeant Quince. Drummer Donald McKenzie. Corporal Campbell. , , Raymond. , , McDonald. , , Ross. Private Michael Fallon. , , Alexander Lamb. , , Peter Lee. , , John Mulholland. , , William Longmore. , , Joseph Leaver. , , William Wassal. , , Daniel McKenzie. , , Angus McLean. , , Patrick Muldoon. , , John Burke. , , Thomas Forest. , , Hugh Gordon. , , Charles Peet. Afo. APPCNDIX. 139 At Toulouse, lUth April, 1814. Killed. Serjeant Fleming. Corporal Angus. , , W. Jordan. , , D. Merson. , , John Spratt. , , Dugald McQueen. , , John Syms. Private William Charnock. , , James Walker. , , John Gribble. , , John Sheridan. , , Michael Butler. , , Duncan Chisholm. , , James Nelson. , , Thomas Forrest , , Henry Martin. , , Samuel Anderson. , , William McKay. , , Roderick Young. , , John Calcrith. , , David Clifton. , , Henry Holden. , , Michael Conway. , , David Falls. , , William Ford. , , Charles Lees. , , James Morrison. , , George Thomson. , , William Cliff. , , James McEwen. , , Angus Kelly. , , James Fox , , John Smith. WotttideJ' Serjeant-Major McPherson. Serjeant William Miller. , , James McLean. , , William Graham. Corporal Nimmo Roy. , , James McKeever. , , James Adge. Private David Arthur. Borke Bamot. * ') "nald McGill. rumbull. NTelson. >ney. ride. .Willi Jrown. Alexauder Hardie. Laurence Kane. William Olliver. John Verinda. John Millikin. Bernard McKnighC Hugh Mitchell. Thomas Naughton. John Bone. George Stewart. Patrick Buchanan. Robert Dicksun. John Dornon. George Gyte. Evan Lloyd. Owen McGleevie. Angus McLean. I 1 1 > I I • »> » > > > t > > » > > » » 1 1 > > > > > Note. — These nominal returns are defective, the names of many men killed and wounded in the different actions, particularly at Toulouse, have not been inserted ; and of the casualties in several of the minor affairs, there is no record now wi(h the regiment. ^1%."^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■Ail2.8 !!? La |2.0 •yuu HA ^1»>- Photogra]iiic .Sciences Corporation )S VMtT MAM STMIT WIMTH.N.Y, 14SM (71*)e73-4S03 i\ ? 140 APPENDIX. No. 7. Statement by Toum Major White, dated " Portsmouth, 6th July, 1848," qf the occurrences observed by him, aa Lieutenant and Adjutant of the Seventy-fourth, at the Battle of Busaco. At the battle of Busaco the Seventy- fourth were stationed, together with two field-pieces, under Major Arentschildt, of the Portuguese service, across a road leading over ttie moun- tain ; the guns did much destruction to the enemy, and the fire which they drew in return did much execution in the ranks of the Seventy-fourth regiment without its fire being able to reach the enemy in retaliation. Various desperate attacks were made by them (the enemy) to carry the hill in several places, but failed, as we witnessed, with much anxiety, until tli'^ afternoon, when they advanced more determinedly, and with greater numbers, to force the road which the Seventy- fourth protected, and it appeared we were by no means in numbers to resist them ; a space being vacated on our left by a Portuguese regiment made our situation very desperate, whicli it appears was observed by the Fifth Division from a di!«tant height, and General Leith sent two regiments with yellow facings (I think the ninth and thirty-eighth) to meet tlie enemy in this gap ; they came at double-quick time along our rear from the right, and wheeled round in close column on our left, meeting the head of a mass of the French in close contact, who were advancing up me hill and likely to turn our lefl. This contact was so immediate, and the hill so steep, tliat tlie brigade of the Fiftli Division had not time to deploy, but literally ran down upon tlie enemy in close column, or nearly so ; tlie Seventy-fourth moving forward with them part of the way ; this decided the fate of the day, for the enemy never advanced afterwards. I mention this, because I have somewhere read that the Tliini Division was giving way when the Fifth Diviition came down ; this watt not the case, the Seventy-fourth never retreated a step tjlie whole day, but advanced at last as above stated. I was near the left of the regiment at the moment the brigade of the Fifth Division arrived, and from the smoke and confusion I think the move- APPENDIX. 141 ment has not been clearly noticed by many besides myself, as I have frequently spoken to officers about it, wlio I found had not observed it. The brigade of the Fifth Division came so hurriedly into action that they did not observe our position, and we, with an inemy forcing our front, did not observe them. No. 8. Extract from Major Ahes's Journal regarding the attack upon the tite-de-pont by the Seventy fourth Regiment, and Major-General Sir Thomas Brisbane's Brigade qf the Third Division, eU Touhttse on the loth of April, Is 14. " Shortly after daylight the division was put in motion, with orders to drive all the enemy's out-posts before us, and although acting as Adjutant, I was permitted by Colonel Trench to accompany the skirmishers ; with but feeble opposition we drove them before us, until they reached the tite-de-pont on the canal leading into Toulouse, on the right bank of the Garonne ; on arriving there I mentioned to Captain Andrews of tlie Seventy-fourth, that I thought we had g^ne fur enough, and reconnoitred very attentively the manner in whicii it was defended by strong palisades, &c. ; I then returned to where the regiment was lialted, and mentioned my observations to Colonel Trench, and that nothing further could possibly be done without artillery to break down the paliiuides. He immediately brought me to General Brisbc ne, to wlioni I also related my observations as above, who directed me to ride to the lefl and find out ^'ir Thomas Picton, who was witii the other brigade, and to tell him my observations. After riding about two miles to the lefl I found Sir Thomas, and told him as above stilted, who immediately said, in presence of all his staff, * Go back, Sir, and tell them to move on.' This I did with a very heavy heart, as I dreaded what the result must be, but I liad no alternative. About a quarter of an hour afterwards the regiment moved from where it was halted. We experienced a loss of thirty killed and one hundred wounded, out of three imndred ond fifty, in the attempt to got possession of the tvtc-de- 142 APPENDIX. poHt ; and were obliged to retire without gaining any advantage. The attacic was the more to be regretted, as Lord Welling- ton's orders were that it was only to be a diversion and not a real attack." No. 9. General Order by Fidd-MarshcU the Duke cf WeUinffton, referred to at page lOi tf the Regimental Recorda. Bordeaux^ \^h June^ 1814. GiNKRAL Order. 1. The Commander of the Forces being upon the point of returning to England, again takes this opportunity of con- gratulating the Army upon the recent events which have restored peace to their country and to the world. 2. The share which the British army have had in producing those events, and the high character with which the army will quit this country, must be equally satisfactory to every individual belonging to it, as they are to the Commander of the Forces, and he trusts that the troops will continue the same good conduct to the last. 3. The Commander of the Forces once more requests the Army to accept his thanks. 4. Although ciircumstances may alter the relations in which he has stood towards them for some years so much ' 'is aatisfiustion, he assures them he will never cease to f^ e wannest interest in their welfare and honor, and that he vill be at all times happy to be of any service to those to whose conduct, discipline, and gallantry their country is so much indebted. -I APPENDIX. 143 } No. 10. Offiur. ^ the Seveniyfourth Highlander, upon ^^^jTl^t jZJrank, Gold MedaU, or Dec^^. ^ere conferred f^ speeiaimviee, during the Peninsidai' War. Distinctions conferred. Gold croM and clasp, K.C.B. (Brevet of Lieut-Colonel, gold I cross and C.B. r Brevet of Lieut.-C!olonel, gold \ medal. (Brevet of Major, gold medal and I clasp. (Brevets of Major and Lieut- \ Colonel, gold medal and C B. Brevet of major. Brevet of major, gold cross. (Brevets of major and Lieut- \ Colonel, gold medal and C.B. BegimetUal Bank and Name. Lient-Colonel Hon. Bobert Le Poer Trench Mi^or Russell Manners. . . , , Allen William CampbeU Captun George I^anglands • ,, Matthew Shawe . . ,, v^illiam Moore . • ,, James Miller . • • ,, Alexander Thomson . y 144 APPENDIX. No. 11. Copy of a Letter from the Adjutant-General oftlie Forces to Lieut.- General Sir Phineas Riall, K.C.B., Colonel of' the Seventy-Jburth regiment, referred to at page 110. ** Horse Guards, " Sir, 13th August, 1846. " Having had the honor to submit to the Commander-iii- Chief your letter of the 2l8t of June last, with its enclosures, I have it in command to acquaint you, that under the circum- stances represented in these documents, Ids Grace will recom- mend to Her Majesty, that the Seventy-fourth regiment may be permitted to resume the appellation of *' Highland Regiment," and to be clotlied accordingly ; that is, to wear the tartan trews instead of the Oxford mixture, plaid cap instead of tiie black chaco, and the plaid scarf as worn by the seventy- first regiment. " Although the Commander-in-Chief has thus consented to support tlie application of the officer commanding the Seventy- fourth, in compliment to the services of that regiment, (so well known to his Grace in India and in Europe) his Grace cannot keep out of view tiie fact, that it is found very difficult to complete the Highland regiments already on the establish- ment of the army with Highland, or even Scotch recruits ; and that this state of things has rendered it occasionally ne- cessary to extend their recruiting to other parts of the United Kingdom. " As, however, Lieutenant-Colonel Crabbe holds out san- guine expectations of being able to keep up the establishment of the Seventy- FOURTH regiment by means of its local influ- ences in Scotland, the Commander-in-Chief yields to the Lieutenant-Colonel's assurances under that head ; but this with the distinct understanding, that should these expectations be disappointed, the expedients resorted to in the cases of other Highland regiments, similarly circumstanced, will be resorted to in the case of the Seventy-fourth regiment ; that is, its efficiency as to numbers must be maintained from time to time by the other means alluded to, if that indispensable object can- not be attained by the exertions of its own recruiting parties in Scotland. ** I have the honor to be. Sir, " Your most obeiiient humble Servant, (Signed) " John Macdonald, " Adjutant- General,** APPENDIX. 145 No. 12. L!st and Dates of the principal Battles, Sieges, and Affairs with the Enemy in which the Seventy-fmirth Highlanders were engaged during the Peninsular War from 1810 /o 1814. {^Honorary distinctions have been granted/or the servicei which have numbers pr^xedj] I Battle of Hnsact) Affairs of Pombal . . - Redinha. . Casal Novo. Foz d'Aronce Sabugal . . 2 Battle of Fuentes d'Onor Siege (second) of Badajoz AflairsofElBodon . Aldea de Ponte" 1810. . 27th September. 1811. . nth March. . 12th ditto. . 14th ditto. . 15th ditto. . 3rd April. « 3rd and 5th May. . 30th May to l.')th June. . *25th September. . 27th ditto. 1812. 3 Siege and Storm of Ciudad) (Captured 19th January,) 8th to 19th Rodrigo / January. i Escalade of Fort Picurina' 4 Siege and Storm of Badajoz j 25th March ; escalade (third) j and capture of Badajoz I Cth April . . . . n Battle of Salamanca . . . 22nd July. Occupation of Madrid . . . 12th August (Fort Retiro, Madrid, capitulated 1 4th August.) Affairs on the retreat fromi „ j « . u . t«.i. i^t u „ , .. t 3rd October to 19th November. Madrid .... 17th March to 6th April. ti Battle of Vittoria . . 7 Battles of the Pyrenees 8 Battle of Nivelle . . 9 the Nive . . 181S. 2lst June. 27th, 28th, and SOth July. loth November. 9th to 13th December. 10 Battle of Orthes . Affair of Vic Bigorre - - Tarlws . 1 1 Battle of Toulouse . 1814. 27th February. 1 9th March. 20th ditto, loth April. \l 146 APPENDIX. 2 ^s| 3 -ft •3|-^fi-^^-|.g ill Ilia :2^(2(S pE^BCLitSQ « = ". -s <* "* oT »>.oo >n ifs 00 vs t-. T "W «o "fl O o _ •» • ^ CO fr^ €0 «0O i-i , -;:3o- GO H — 2 aS"^ « «>■■ eo >n n to tCV«n ofo'J'oi'eo o .•5? S.a H 33* g ^-? 3 tS: • a e4V3 » 9^ •S-.3 •3 t-l ^-S^jl g ^ N, PS ►^ b S, g /)►■» a I • a ^O ^ * a. S (a VI o 1 I 1 ©I 00 ■ a 's 1 «-s 3 ■S'S ■• 5 H 5 -C » =: §1 ^ -is to PQ — »- a S To s t •Q <" ■^ o 2 ^ I* ll i ^ « .2. i :• I