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Les diagrammes suivants illuatrent la mAthode. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ' //:> •- ' ( -- llINl NTS AN I) OlTsivlWATIOXS %^:- ON .5 TXXS D10Ai)VX-:rTiiGrS kI, OF 1etency. I shall endeavour, in the following page*, lo give D brief outline of the hardships and insults lo which raj- fellow countrvTucn arc exposed, before they ar- rive at tlieir destination . and in so doing, to offer such opinions as have been suggested by my own personal ob5er\'ation, as well as from enquiries made on the •« fpol, relative to the base anil disfjonoraUc m-M^.i that arc but too commonly rcaorlcd to, for thtuou? weather, wo arrived iusigljt of Newfounahuul.. the iil t« hioualaiiia of v.liuh were covered svith eiiuw. The Di>i>curmicu t»f land imparted new vigour to our ciroo|iing jpirits, uftcr having been for three weeVs *'«iivironc'd with a wjldcruess of sex" On Thursdoy morning, the 14th June, we nrriv- edat Quebec, where, to our great di^-inay, we found llic cholera raging to a frightful extent. To dcjuct tlic universal gloom which such a visitation had cast over every countenance, would be impossible; suffice it to say, that there was not an individual on board, who would not have gladly exchanged tho scene before him • for that which a few weeks ago he had quitted with so much hope and exultation. During the voyage, it was not a little anitising to listen to the convertfations of some of our sanguine fcllow-pas?cngcr5, with regard to their future pros- pects. 3Iany already imagined themselves in posses- sion of large farms, well stocked, and promising all the abundance which fertility and labour ccfuld elicit; whilst others on the contrary, began to bewail their precipitancy, and to believe that they had been woefully misled by the Canada Company's agent ret Great Yarmouth, who had caused large bills to be posted up in the vil!a?es, with the f.jr.iie of a vosslI i:i full sail, gliding, appaieutly motionu-ss, tiiiougU C.: ■t .»•■ I t • r- : t1»c "ocaan stream.* "For," laidthey, "had we known that the ship would have rocked and tossed about thus, we would never have ventured on board." The fact was, that ninc-tentlis of the passengers had never before even seen the ocean, as the following anecdote will testify: Several families from the in- land villages, on arriving at Yarmouth, refused to emigrate, because they positively believed that they ehould have been able to see America in the distance f end as they wcro disappointed in this expectation, »on»c of lliein actually returned to the homes which, but a few hours before, they had taken leave off, they thought, for ever. As there were several persons settled at Quebec, whom I kncv.-, and who had a few vears since rcsi- dcd in England, 1 felt anxious to hear their opinions oil emigration, especially from one of them,* who was by trade a watchmaker, and whose father is the author of apamjihlet lately publiished, couttiining certain information written by the son, relating to the low prices of provisions, &c., at Quebec; but whicli, on iiivcstigation, proved to be very fur from the truth. It appears the old man, (like many • TliUinttiiidiiul mimittKl, tin ray ar;:uinj witli hies rt:ativct i l.:>c««- fe.M ai. I tthi-r 4>N|» nrts at Quf-bi-r, tliit r..':.-.- uMd; « rery tliins ir.to tcr••:^:^^M■.••r^,a fire cou!'! Jlrc cht-ijcr ir. T'-f.trA t«nc is CiEaJ.i. •| . t 1. J" r-- Others,) lias been for many years dissatisfied with liU country, and has constantly beer, rccoinmencling persona of all ages, old and young, to emigrate, ami try their fortune in the New World; although, in answer to the following question, put to him by Qij-3clf — " Why did he not emigrate, if he disliked his country so much as to advise ever}* other person to do so? he replied, that "he was too old."* I also called on Mr. Cattennole.'an agent of the €anada Company, to request his advice as to the best place for me to settle; he immediately recom- mended me to proceed to York, (Upper Canada,) telling me, that every prospect of succe?^ v.os there held out to the emigrant, of whatever profession or trade. In a subsequent page, I shall again liave occasion to speak of this individual in terms not ver\' creditable to his integrity as an agent. Business at Quebec was exceeding dull, and the number of emigrants constantly arriving from the mother country, who had no means of proceeding further, rendered their cases truly appalling; the merchants dread i the consequences that might ensue, from the state of star^•ation the poor creatures • Ut U aboal CO jear* c( a«. 8 ^ere in. unless some temporary relief was imraedi. atcly afforded them. On the- arrival of tlic emigrant at Quebec, the C«ptaia of the vessel is compelled by law to allow the passengers to renmin on board fort>--cight hours but, as very few of them arc acquainted with thi/ they arc too often immediately hurried on beard the steamer for Montreal, by the Captain, for the •purpose of getting rid of them; thu., dennn^^ to those an opi>ortunity of obtaining employment if they had been pennitted to land. I shall now proceed with my visit to Mc-.trcd ^IncH is about ISO miles from Quebec. wWelar' rived on Sunday, the 17th June, in a Etcam packet, xvith about five hundred other emigrants, composed for the most part of Irish, many of whom had scarcely a coin of the lowest denomination in their possession. We were about thirty hours on our passage, and the delightful scenery which rivetteJ our attention and admiration, on each side of the river St, Lawrence, rendered llus by far tlie mo^t plensant ,>art of our voyage. A circumstance, how- ever soon occurred, which was calculated to dam-, our feelmgs. at a place called Three Pxiver.. which is about mid.way between Quebec and Montreal, and ' 4\^ ■p »• * 9 ^ whcro wc hivl occ.T«ion to stop and take \.\ fuel. Tlic firomcn positively refused to proceed nr.y further on the voyage, ia consequence of intelli^'ence havinjj readied us, that tlic cholera had hrokcii out with groat virulence at Montreal. This threat they immediately put into execution, hy ahnndoning the vessel; the Captain, however, fortunately succeeded in obtaining the requisite assi.a:;?on;,'cr.s tliun any other steam- boat plying hctwcen Quebec and Montreal. On my arrival, I liad the bonor cf bcin.ir intro- O.actid t) a t^entk-man, of tlie name of Jackson, who f )r many years beM the responsible situalion cf First Teller, in the Mmtreal Bank ; this worthy person not only recc^eU ir,c in t!«e most cordial nnd friendly manner, but tojk the trouble to use liis utm.)st endeavours to ])rocare all tlie informati- on that, was likely to be of service bi me, as to my J»rrtsp2ctive success as a settler in any part of Canada. Mr. Jackson infonnod me that be had received many letters from friends in England, to know his opinions on Emigration, and he invariu- My advised them by no means to leave their r.ative country. Mr. Jackson's son, who has suc- ceeded his father in the the above important situ- ulion, also kindly promised to procure me every requisite information ; but the result of their uni- ted efforts, could only hold out to me this truth, that the flattering accounts of emigration, depicted hy interested Informants at home, were mere sha- (foics, and couhl onhj have been propajated to further the personal views of the delvdcrs ! During my slay, I waited u])ou Mr. Fleminj,', 4 ■ 11 a genllciiiau of hi-'i literary rit!;;ir.:;:ir.t.:. v.!j;> is not only a loailin^r njt,jil...r of f:..'Vfi;.l Iciri.c 1 Societies, but is zUo ricaidcu* of tl.o Mwilrt..! bank as well ns one of tl.u Canr.d:; Coiui,::;,ys agents. This gcntlyinan al.so rcCL-ivcd ni..- in tli.; most friendly manner, and olfcrtd to give me every inforaialion it was in Uh power to aflord respecting Emigration. I informed hiiu that one of the Canada Company's agents, nanicc! .Moiv;an, residing at Great Varmoutli,^ in Knglund, Ik;.I strongly urged mo to proceed t.. Ciooturich, j.i Upper Canada, where, he a<:jUivd mt\ I >h'.»i;]-l • find an eligible opening to commence husini^<^^ . I also informed .Air. F., that Cr.tte!in,.!e li.d .y.- vised me to fix my res^idence at York, u hie!. v.lv,\; he said, he was quite certain wou.Mprovc higli.'v advantageous to settle at: ^Ir. Kitniing, on hear- ' ing this, shook his head, and s;;id that, in his opinion, both of them richly merited to ha\ethei: names erased from the Compary's list of agenii-; and Mr. F. further intimated, that Ifl wouM ad- dress a letter to hnii, in his oilkial uipacily, btat- •r«nl-.;f fr,;ia th^ ..wn-rs of »:.ri..iis v, ,m !>. jlu .mi h:. o-a :j . • iiil.ii;..:.. l.it.->iiri-rtoleaVvbisc.iLitaiitr»i.i.!..jt,-i:t.fW :Lv VLa.t..;. -Ivui.-.. • s J' ^ii: Ir'C: 12 ingall Oh cIrcunUuh.v., I**^ woul.l ut..|.,t .Vr i . Iiuve it forwanlcl to ll... proj,,,- u,„ ni... . ,;.,. ^^ WW. hesuul, 0/ paramount hnpur tone, il,^v^vt^ person cIcHirous of pronvmnj; to i;,.,.,^ c.a.i;, should well underslaiMl il,e use ..f ||»o u^^ .^„ | even then, there was but little cmi,l,.i,,nn,t r,,' i,,, Uurcrs; amlinLoutr (^,„a.la, run,, profession and trade mi» loo much uverdoue. Wllli.roiKU L. Kniigratlon. Mr. Flcniin}; «ui.l. ho u«h very vorrv to «te the delusion that Mas hdnR cunliMuali; practised in Knglan»l and eUex^ h.ro. ol.*ioi,>|y for tlie sole p-irpose of putlin- ni<.iu.y bilo //!. pochcts of certain interested and oj/eiotu in.liviitu ,,!.. to the utter ruin of niuny un induslrii us faiii.l.. Of the chcapnos of pn.vl>it,ris in C:iia, .. much has been >ai% that dnrinp wy May in tlie euuHn. I found meat, hread, an«| almost every ulh. r .!.*'. cription of escuhnt, asdearasin i:nj;!and. I., l •• rent is much higher than in London ! Dtiri!:- t! •• winter months every a.iidc is eheajMr; so It 'it ■ ! : to be. when it isconsldnv.hhattheuealhLrattI ! season of the year is far more severe ihan in On..: liritnin, thereby pronulin.^ the working da fr.;iii getting: any specie > of employ :no:jL a»-» . . }■{::-■ 13 Tl,« »i„tcr at 0,Kl.oc n„,I Mont,.::.-.! usually coiilumes for six months in the jca... The disadvantugos „f En.igralfon, in short, arc nnumeral. ... & „ Mchlcannu. .nor. f.rdUv i,h.: tra c, than I.j- extracting the f„llo« i,.. very'evcel- Jcntly „ritte„ and veracious articles :hic h at!^ v »nter, fo, a man Jiving i„ ,|,e Unit«l Ki„:do™ t.co„..dcr, before ho determine, on ovn.a,;,!"' J .the, he can, Lj- i„d„,,,, ,,,, i,„„,,^: ^ « Merahlj- c„mfo...a..Ie livelihood ,,.;,.; o„," «. h la, faend... ami leave .cencs th:,. „,„, Le been dear to his he;.rt from childhood; and «l L I heean reconcile hin,selfto suffer tie i' "' •n America, to the s,,„t of ..round i., ,1 ,"''"' '«'-l. he may fi. fir Ihe^ho" e >' ^ '."T: "" --^ p.:rtn r:-rr:: 14 ob.>tructionf?, \rliic!» rofiiiiro much imlustry to remove." ; "One of the disadvantages of Emigration is the separation of friends for ever. Time and distance -no doubt gradual!}' obliterate from our mind the moit endearing recollcctioni-; but, under untoirard circuniiitancep, t\ hich will at times cross the patli of every mortal in tlic mo>t favourable situations, the emigrants, and particularly tlic female emi- grant's, breast must be "stung with the thoughts cf home," on comparing tlie many conveniences and comforts, and scciity, wliich tliey enjoyed in thtir f;itl:cilan(!, and which caunul be within their reach in tlicir ncwlv ad<»[)tod country for many y.arst.icoine, and jjcrhaps not within the period of their lives. Unavailing w Islics that they were back to tlicir own country have been expressed by many, who looked with dread on the hardships they had to encounter at their fir.^t settlement. The labour rcfjiired to clear a n>re>t of gigantic trees is appalling to a man who has nothing todejicnd en but the physical strcngUi of liis own body ; and if ili powers have bjen impaired by low liv;:,.;, srl-'ii g from a want rf tjopltivnieiil prt vi oi;-; tj lie period <.f his emigration, and "if he have a vifi; and larj;e family depen.litrj: on him r.>r tu;,- i; i) f port, tlial labour must b^ exercisoj :- ih-j oj{...t to a painful (l.'jrrce. All tJ.c sholtor he can exoect in llie firsJ uintor of his sojourn is in a !j.,u-^o (,f trees piled together, and his wooden furniture must consist of the rudest caii«*truction, Morked out of the tluiher xvhich he himself ha.s cut doun. Though the air is clear and bracing, the intensity of the cold in winter is far beyond what he can conceive, and the heat in summer is so -reat il.r a short period as to blister the skin, if l.frexp>sed to the influence of the suns rays. Tl- 3 diversity of temperature in the seasons causes an additio- nal expense in the provision of clothes for the winter. Musr^uitos swarm on every new settle- ment, and annoy every one by their sting- ing and raising inflamed spots over tlie bxly. They dwell chiefly in the woods, and in the v'i- cinity of swamps, and come out in hot weather. A small black tly annoys also very much, by set- tling among the hair in the morning and evening. Sleep is completely driven away when they make an attack, and they produce 'the n;ost uneasv sensation." •• The state of the roads ])reveiits a constant or rapid communication between .'places; and m a new country, where coin a.< the circulntin" medi- 16 um is scarce, nnd barter exists as the nieilium of cxcliangc. diflicultics are often encountered in disposing of the surplus stock of agricultural pro- duce. The intrusion of wild animals is an evil which ought not to be overlooked as afFccting a new set- tier. If the cattle and sheep arc not penned up at night, they maybe partly destroyed by the ferocity of'^thc bears. Squirrels and racoons, of which there are plenty, may destroy the com crops materially, particularly in' any season that is unfavourable to the formation of beech masts and nuts. Mice and rats eat the seed of the Indian com after it is in the ground, so that two or three successive sowings are sometimes necessary." The foregoing picture of an Emigrant's prospects corrcBpohds precisely with that eiven me at Quebec and Montreal; yet. the Canada Company have the • audacity to circnhite prosi>cctuscs in every city, town, and village in the United Kingdom, replete with the most tcnnMous fnUchooJ.^ nnd dch.uuns! Not a d:.v passed, during my stay, that did not present to my observation Emigrants who had the means, returning from variou* scltlcmenl«^ m the Upper Province to Montvead; and thc^e disappointed victims told mc that ihcy could not obtain employ- L 17 mcnt, and tlmt many of tkfr lelW-ccu::tr ncn yf^TQtlying o/sturiatiou. ^Uad is certainly rcasoiiaMe in price; but i\n. reflexion always presents 'lU.li to a prudent n^ind- of what utility is it for any one to purchase it. unV -. they are ^vell provided with cash to ret it in a f.t state of cultivation? It should al.o le borne in nund that in purch...ing any extent of tcrritcrv. which IS always eacum!)erud with timber, vou 1 -v" not only the trouble to fell the trees, but' aI.o\o bur^them; A>r the enonuo:. expence atteMi.nt on the conveyance of tirnb.r to a rnar!;ct. far c^-- ceeds its value. Xor is thi. all; the st^.p. ai'. usually hye yea:, l.fure they ar. rotten, therefore no inconsiderable period of tii.e is required ere vc« can possibly reap any advantage fioni vcur sp;u. lutiou. • - la almost c«r}- part of ffper C.-^ad, vcu arc object tothe fever .nd .,..,c. ,s a!.oi„ r^ .„,. of Lower Canada; and the e««,ive hor.t'in ,l,i. P™ during ,U months of J„.o. J„,v. „„, to the cl,„,a.e. from perfo:n,inj febcTfc.s v.c-' 1 an.v.„,ta„cc.. of this I ,,.,...c ,..,v.el:wit.e.,cd. c': of wh.ch U n>r.y not he i,.;:; ..,r:;,tc to n,:.-': I ■T- 18 A person named Riches, by trade a cari>cntcr, V Ijo cmii,^rntcd last year from Suffolk, obtained cui- Vloyment at a dollar per day, (e(iual to four shillings and s^ixpcncc EngVu^h njoncy,) but out of the six (lays, he was unalh, from the excessive heat, to work more than three; the aggregate of his week's earnings would therefore be thirteen shillings and sixpence! So much for high wages and si>eedily becoming iitdependtnt! Thaf. publications have been issued from the press in favor of Emigration, by interested individuals, the following instance will df monstrate. Cattermole (whom I have already mentioned,) published a pani- phlet a short tin^e since hv England; and amongst the various false assertions therein contained, men- lion is made of a person named Betts, who, it is saiil. had emigrated to Montreal in 1S30. frcm Eungay in Suffolk. This man was a mill-wright, with vcr>- scantv funds, and he went to work as journeyman. In the short space of twelve month?, we are told, he commenced business and l.ad seven or eight jour- ,.c%-n^cu in his cn^ploy! Xow the fact is. tlu^t Iktts couhl scarcchj earn si'J/idenf to purcha>^e a vwal for hlats to Kingston, in Upper Canada. F.very imposition is practised en him by persons keeping beer and liquor stores, who charge a most extortionate sum for allowing a small space in a misenxble room to rest at night, with perhaps from forty to fifty jHirsons, composed of men, women, and children, who have severally to pay ninepence for their comfortless accommodation. Not a dro]> of water is allowed to !»e taken into the room, unle?? from ll»ref.'-j)cnce to sixpence is j)aid, and ihi^ is ■1 f 21 exacted even n»r a tMa-pot full of b.-iliiu v. These rooms have nios'Jy a disaijrc.il.li arid cheerless appearance, g'nerally puamiiiv^' wi:!i bujj.s and rats. I jjave seen handrvds of taniilies compelled to abide in the open air, btcaitse they had not wherewith to pay for this description of accommodation. The Durham boats are long and narro.v, a:u! nearly flat in the bottom, with a shlf: in- keel to lift up in sfiallow water; the time they occui>y in j;oin;^ fcom Montreal to Kingston, averages from ten to fourteen days; tliey alTord hut a jjitifiil ac- commodation for passengers, as they are crammed almost to suffocation, and are exposed to all .. eath- era, there being no covering to protect them; and to these inconveniencies is superadded tliat of being compelled to remain in a sitting position during* the whole of the passage J Tosuch a calaraitons state had manv of the emi- grants been reduced, that they had come to t!ie determination, unless temporary relief v, ore imme- diately afforded them, to seize the vckscOs in the har- bour and compel the masters to convey them back to England. It appeared tome a most extraor.Hnary anomaly, that with the knowled^re that evorv owner of a ship is c on>])elled, by law, to pny five sliilling- 22 It n i - for each passenger at the Quebec custom bouse, /or the purpose of affording relief to destitute emi- grtuits; yet, wben application has been made to the pri»per authorities, it hsis always been met by some evasive and unsalibfactory answer. The severity of the winter in Canada prevents the farmers from rearing the cattle to the perfec- tion they do in En^hind. Meat of all kinds, ;is *vfll as poultry, is generally in a poor condition; and if the emigrant expects to see any thing like "theroa>tb(ef of Old England," I can assure him he will be grievously disappointed. During my stay at Quebec and Montreal, meat was from eight-pence to one shilling per pound. I would strongly recommend persons to consider well before they emigrate — what is far from an un- important consideration — namely, whether their constitutions be sufficiently strong to underiro the trvin*; vicissitudes of the excessive heat and cold of Canada? for it is an absolute fact, that almost every individual, on their arrival out, is attacked with the Canadian cholera, a disease which very often proves fatal to the suflVrer, and when otlier- wise, it is generally many months Inifore he coui- pletely recovers j of this I can speak from cxperi- 23 dice, liaving had n most j-evcrc attack in June last, nnJ although seven mouths have clai»M.Ml, I have yet a partial return of it almost every week. I saw vast numhers oftim poor eniijfrants who Mere labourinjj under tl-.is disease, and I wa.s in- formed by ihera that they hud been visited by the catjiolic j)nests, who were not idle in their endeav- uors to urjje the poor creatures to renounce their creed, and become catholicsl us by that means they assured them their sins wouhl be? forgiven them. Many individuals had paid a deposit at Queliec for land in Upper Canada, but such were the un- favourable accounts given them on their arrival at Montreal, by pei-sons who had returned, of tiie unprofitableness of the s])ecul:ition, that they were determined on havin^^ the money thus advanced refunded: for this purpose tlicy called on the Canada Company's ajentjj at Montreal, but to their surprise were informed that, in order toobtiiin the restitution they mustreturn to Quebec; though, when Ihc dcpos.it was paiil there, they were told that on showing the receij>t to the Company's agents at any place, such advance would be re- paid to them. Mr. Buchanan, in his j)amphkt, says, "When 24 yH>u tirrivc at the port you sail for. procccl iminc- diulcly in the prosecution of you objects, and do not loiter about, or suffer yourself to be advised by designing people, who too often give their opinior. unsolicited ; if you want advice, and there is no oOicial person at the port you muy land at, jro to some respectable person or chief magistrate, and be guided by his advice." Now this advice uould decidedly be essential, if the official persons would take tlie trouble to advise emigrants on their applicalion-but I am fully prepared to con- tradict ]\rr. Buchanan's statement ; as those per- sons whose duty it is to attend to such matter?, nre generally well paid for doing nothing, and care but'^litlle in what way the emigrant proceeds. his inciuirios being usually referred to other indivi- di:als ; thus is he compelled to wander about unin- structed in what manner to proceed, or to whom to a'pplv for that information which is e!f. but als.'mv fam.N- I consulted Kith many of the merchant, at tkt -lac^' to whom I had the honor of being it:troduccc!' arJ imparted to them n»y views on the subject ; u,d llcj cgreedwUh w^ in thinking that, under all the cir- cumstancea and disappointiiicnts. I should be ac* ing wisely in 5o doing. Previous to n.v kavin- 'l visited ^ many of the emigrants as I'eould ^^ Tv-ho had s.ukd in the same vcs.el vhic-h h:ou.-Lt .. ,' out and I told them of my dcternunation; ^evcr- 1 of whom on the morning of my der-arture. partic-^ larly the v^omen, iniplored me to make known U their countrj-men in EngUu.d tLedi.tre.s thev wer. ^uffenng and tJ.ut they only wished thev had th. meaus of being em:bled to set foot again o'n Briti.( ground, to eilect which they would gl.dly sub,Jt to abide on dock tlie whole of the vo^^-e I kft Montreal on Friday. tl.c C.h of Julv, ,532 «nd»mved at Quebec on the 6u,.dav evc'i-.^ f,' o„-.ns where I engaged my pa.age in u; ° ..j; '0«e m ,vh:c:, I had come out. and .hlch «3 hound for EuWin. rre,i„us to IcaM,,.- Qucb.. «'iU...tcJUotoe.;:u-ni;.r.cth ICJ 2G t'nc many al)oi«inr\blc and delusive falsehoods con- tained in his psim-.hlct ? I have great pleasure in slating, that after a long debate with hini, in the 1 rescnce of several gt-ntlcmcn— amongst whom were two friends of mine who as well as myself were emi- (, rants-— I coniplctely succeeded in manifesting and proving to this, leiarious Mr. Cuttermolc, that he had propagated the most barefaced and uawarrant- tihlestatementi=; one of which I mentioned respect- ing Belts, (vide /-. IS.) and on my naming tliis to l.im he said, "that wlint he hud stated was correct, for he never published or asserted any thiug but from his own personal observation, and that he vould not even take his brother's word for any thin" in the way of isiformaticn, as he made it an uivariable rule to Ic an eye nilness of ever}' case before commitling it to paper." However, on appealing to my two friends for the accu.-acy of my a.^scrtion respecting Eetl-s they fully sulstui:tit:tcd my charge. Cuttcrmole, on btnig tlms refuted apologized by sayiiig. that in this case he had been only informed of the circumstance ! 'Jhis Mr. Cattcrmcle, in his pamphlet, furtlicr iu'surcs his readers, that from his hnowlcdge of Canada he i= ciiuM.'d to state, accurately, tl.c dc- icripllo.. of lcr•.r.^ lost aJ^itcd f.r tic ccun ry. r! r^ 27 a:ul he cnu:ncr:;tos the variou? trudvs, &c. l»c=t qualilied to succeed. He also says, that he ex[»cct3 some huaJrc Js of fresh Emi jraute (i. e. victims) from SufTjIk, E;V5ex, and NorHjlk, v. ho will settle in Canada; and that in his native county (Suffolk), distress existtd in allno^:t everv villacre. Nor did he see in what other manner tlie fiirnjer could relieve himself, especially the small occupier, who feels Ihtt burdtMi of the poor most severely; and that the Government could mo.it efi'j?tuallv relieve t])e poor by a national effort, rtin.ivinjj such as were williii-;; he would only acc?;it such, and fr.».i having been hvtjly among th-i^m, he fouv.d great numbers nerfectlv desirous t^emhn-.ce ar>v reason- able offer. Xo'v, I really cannot tamcl v submit th.at such cant and hypocrisy s!:ould go forth to tl.e world with'^ut exposing, a-; far as I am enabled, tho deception this individual endeavours to palm upon tfje minds of the unsuspecting, and who are so likely, after reading his hones! opluicns, to be tempt- ed to leave their native country. And when mere- over, h.c alludes to the distrct^ that existed hi his native county, I am ast >nished that he should ha' e delivered lectures there, slroncrh- ur:ri!i2: the «*rt:"t bcne/ifs arisinir from Eiai::ratir>u, u-rirn he lolJ i.ic ut Quebec, that neither Nor/'o!k :ii)rSurcik emiui-un's Kcrc icitti'ed in Amnicx! U5 !ic coiuidvrcd them a 23 ir.t d — -d deal too Itzj to do any good for tlieiniclvc? ; it was the Irish tliat be liked to sec, because tliev worked hard, and were easy of manaj;einent. Cattermole also says in his publication,' that "it r.iust be a satisfaction to persons inclined to eraijrate, to hear it admitted on all sides, that the mechan- ic, small farmer, and day labourer, no sooner land, than tlicy arc eagerly sought after and erapl.yed." This is anutlier most alsou 'inble aud cratuitous assertion; for if such were tz. . 5 I a«k, how comes it that so many are constaiuiy returning io tJth cr.untry 9 Is it to be supposed that if they conld meet with emplovinent in America at all, that thcv would, in so short a time, be again in their father- land ? The thing is absurd. I am sorr)- in having to allude to instances of un- worthy conduct in British captains towards the emi- grants, who many times get short of provisions, an.] mIio arv* charged an enormous price for any thing they may require. This I have witnessed; and I have been informed that masters of vessels have ver\' often protracted the voyage, solely for the purj)osc of making an erccellent market of the poor creatures, by fccUitjg to them the neccssancs of life at v.os! cvtor- ilunut" prxca. 29 ■••r-. H^ivlnj now stated all tluit occiiireil to my own o^5cr\-atioa, as well as from dili^jont i:ic;i:irlo5 made oh the spot, with respect to cmioratioV, and finding it useless for me to reaiiia in Canada, I took my dupartufe from Quebec on Friday, July the 20th; v.lica after sailing nine mi!es, we passed tha Great Fall of Montmorenci, where the stream is from fifty Vj sixty feet wide. A sli^^hl slope of the bed w here it reached this point, gives additional velocity to t!ie current, so that the water is violently pro- jected over a perpendicular rock, nearly two hun- dred and fifty foet high, in an extended sheet, of a whiteness and fleecy appearance resembling snyy. Wherever iltoucljes the rock, immediutdy descends a billowy fjam; and beneath, where it is propelled without interruption, 'it forms in- numerable and beautiful flukes like wool; these are gradually protracted in the descent, till they are eventually received into the boiling profound below. An immense spray arises from the bottom in curling volumes, which, when the sun displays its bright prismatic colours, produce an effect inconceivably sublime. Nothing of importance occurred until we reached the coast of Ireland, when, on the 21st August, the vessel, by some mismanigemsnt, ran on Arklovv 30 Ttnwl:, at nine o'clock in tlio morning, Avhcrc she reni:iinc J more tlitin tlirce hou^s. The captjiiii cxpcct- Ciltbe vessel would every moment teccmcavrreck; fort unately however a frc.«h breeze sprung u'^ v' * blew her ofl", end we reached Du])lin the same eve ing without further obstruction?; — in a few days ttfter, I once again set foot on English ground. I cannot conclude these imperfect, but I hope not altogether useless hints, without expressing iry gratitude to *the Creator of all thin_j5 for having rcr-tor^d nic to irv native courstrv; and a'tlioui'-h Mr. Ikichanan advi-es every cn:i^ra:it to "wash his hands of it," ere he cnibai-l:s, I can conscienti- ously say, that there are hut few individuals, whom I saw in Canada, that wo'alduot, ?iare comforlablc rccppliyn of c::iij:r;t;!*.s uu their airivul out. ^ \'* 31 The following very excellently v. ritten remarks are extracted, Ly penni^sioi!, from Mr. Carpenter's Tract on the al- leged benefits of Emigration: — "If tlie mode of population adopted by nature be observed, it will beprettv evident, that a sudden influx of numbers into foreign parts must necessarily be attended with miscarriage and misery. But in these artiHcial plans of extensive and sudden emigration, population must be beforehand with nature; the power of consumption on a given spot must exceed the immediate power of supply; and want must be rendered inevitable. If this torrent of transportation must be sent forth, it had surely better be direct- ed to some quarter of the globe wliere the fruits of nature are spontaneous and abundant. To send a multitude of hun- £rrv beinsrs into a bud of sLcrility— to 82 turn them into dismal forests oi pine, and expose them to the horrors of quick- arriving and protracted winters, is sure- ly impolitic and cruel. "We may therefore declare, that Emi- gration cannot effect the benefits which its advocates propose, and that a neces- sity for removing a single honest and industrious peasant is not entailed by nature, but suggested by the rapacity, usurp.ation, and injustice of man." F I X I S. / • • \ { 'J'> ^VP 71/ I J. 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