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Loraque le document eat trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un aeul clichA, 11 eat filmA A partir de ['£i:>i^la aupArlaur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en baa, on prenant le nombre d'imagea nAceaaalre. Lea diagrammea auivanta illuatrent la mAthode. >y errata ed to int ne peiure, apon d 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 i ■*■■■■■ ».^«»-« ST. 101 AND ITS BUSINESS. A HISTORY OF ST. *)HN, AXU A STATEMENT 19 f^BNSBAL TIOMS orm VARIOUS KINDS 0» MJSINESS mmsmJWf PBOSECUTED. Th* Dpy Oood««-Oroeery— IntyrNince'— Lainb«r~Manu- faoturiiH>~Th» l>p> M pt St. #ob|i^Ti»« SbfbP*n0-*- A Vi*w Qf ^e P«iio«pMt« ai^d PoMiMlitias of St. 4o|iA •• « Goiinineroial C«htr». WITH Air ACXX)UNT OF ONE BUlmBSD BUSINESS ^OUSES, EHfiBAdNG THE LEADING OR BEPBESEN- TATITE E8TAJILI8HMBNTS IN EACR OP THE eiFTEBBNT LINES. I fifmOHK»N. B.: H. UMVBR * 00., MriMI tVB VMllTBBS, FBIROB WiLLlAll 0tHfeBt 1875. '!)1/.53X Contents. PAtiB UtsToiiY OF St. John 4 Steam COMMirxiCATiox 46 Expi-essLine 87 International SteameV«ber, L. H. i Sons 181 Puddington, R. E. ft Co 74 Hardware— 76 Berryman, C.G 167 i PAOE .. 61 61 » r 61 61 61 170 171 172 17it 174 174 175 178 17«5 1 177 1 177 173 .. 70 .. 82 . 179 . 183 . 184 . 78 71 73 183 73 181 74 76 167 CONTENTS. Ill PAGK HiiywnrJ, S. & Co go Thome, W. H. & Co si Hattkrs and FURRIEnS— Everett, C. & E g:) HOTEL8— Victoria 63 Wavcrley 54 House Furkisiiixg QooDb— Siieraton Son&Sklmier 00 Iron Mkrchants— Carvill, Goorgc 77 Domville, James & Co 78 Dii.'in, James L. & Co 7^ I\SUBA\CK— 84 Benn.J. C 85 Corn vail, Ira jr Iso Jarvis, 0. E.L (=6 Marshal;, Robert 87 Street, WW 4tli page Cover Temple, T. A... 91 LUMBJER— ' 92 CnsIilng, A. & Co 95 Guy, Stewart & Co 06 King, S. T. & Son 07 Rankin, RobertftCo ! 06 MtXKS— Jogging Coal Mining A»gociation... 117 Spring Hill Mining Comiuny 148 Music Dkaucbs— Flood, Carson 14!) White, Smith & Co 3rd page Cover SlIIP-BUILDIIia— General 161 Ship Bbok Kits- Robertson, D. D, & Co J64 Ship Cuanulers— Wright, C. H. & Co 166 Ships' Outtittjcrs — Robertson, Robert i. Son 168 Ship-Buildi\g Ptatistics 163 STfcV'.DO|lES — . McDermott, Alex 188 Wine MEBcnANTS— Baxton, T. B ) Furlong, Thomas iOO McCobkery, C. A 163 Thargar A Rnssell 161 Wilson, J.N 162 MANUFACTURES. PAOK Gkxehal Artici-k 99 Boots axi. Sucks— Robinson & Ralston Ill Biscuit— Currie, John 185 Rankine, T. A. ASonn 112 Shaw,J. &W 114 Builders— Christie, A. & Co -•„ 115 Cabinet and Fuexiturk— Bumham, C. E. Si Co 110 Lordly, Howe &Co. 117 Carhiage — Price «^ Shaw 118 Young. Levi H 191 Clothing — Daniel &Boyd 60 Jones, T. R. & Co 64 McNichol, James & Son 68 CONFECTlOXEl^S— Matthews, S. F 192 COBDAGE— Webb, W. E '.:....„.... 140 Cotton Mills— Pai'ks, William & Son 121 PAOK Dye Wobks- Willis&Lttw 187 Edge Tools - Splller Brothers 123 Flock Mattrjss- Sheraton, Son & Skinner 60 FOUNDHIES — Allan Brothers 124 Everitt, W. E 125 Fleming, George & Sons 120 Harris, James & Co 128 Wales & Green... 130 Young, Adam 131 Gas FiTTKBS and Plumbebs— Rowan, A 76 Goldsmiths— tJard, W. Tremaine 194 Habness Makers — Masson&Robb 132 Machinists- Abrams Brothers 133 Myers, Samuel 184 Marble Dealers — Osgood, 8. P .'.... 135 iv CX>VTXirT8. Oboak Faqtobmi— Stimpton A WalUoe 180 PAiirr WoBKfl— ThompwD, O. F. A,8onf 187 ?AI1IT>B»-* bblater. O. R.S 180 Plariho MIL]»- FslrtanktA Haww 188 Savb Maxmsb— Flaherty, R. tt Co 141 Bail Maxbbs— BobertMNi, Robert k Son 168 Saw ICakbbs— Ikwton, J. F. 143 Siltbb Platkb— Hillman, William 168 fAOK Spicb Mills— liordly, Alfred US Tack FACTOBy— Foiter, 8. R. kSon 144 Tobacco Wobks— Roberteon, John D 146 UlfDBBTAKBBI— Power*, M.N 104 WATOHMAKBBS AJTD jBWBtl.EB«-» Ilutohlnion, Oeb.Jr 8S Martin, Oeo. H 146 Wootum Mills - Mitpeok MilN 10» WHIls A Law 187 I Note.— As will be aeen by the Table, the ContentB are Mmawlut disarranged in the body of the work. This has been unavoidable in the present inttanee ; but it will not mar the succeeding editions. t »AOK ... US ... 144 .. 146 .. 164 .. 88 .. 146 .. ia» . 187 iiiged in ut it will ■4i I f PREFACE. Thk want of a record of the history of St. John, is one which has long been felt, both by business men from a distance, and by the in- habitants themselves. To supply that want is the object of the pres- ent work. The history, manufactures, shipping and other industrial pursuits of St. John will be found detailed in its pages, so that a more accurate idea can be formed from its perusal of the past, present state, and probable future of St. John than any one can hope to attain where has not been given to these matters careful and special stt^dy. The history of St. John has never been so fully told before as in this work, and the care which has been given to this portion of it is only an example of the general pains-taking accuracy which has been aimed at in the preparation of the entire volume. The paper on the future trade of St. John, it is hoped, will be found to be extremely valuable, both to business men and the reading public. That these sketches will do a welcome service in making the active business men of the day better acquainted with each other, we cannot doubt. We would have been glad to bring out more prominently the humble beginnings of many, and thus set forth the lessons of diligence, i)ru- dencp and patience, which younger aspirants will have to learn before they can hope for a like success, but the modesty of the subjects of these notices forbade. THE AUTHOB, THK HISTOBT OF BT. JOHN. / ^7 LA SAINT JOHN. ITS EABLY niSTOET. On the 24th of June, 10O4, a liitle French ship flailod into the Harhor of St. John. She was a paltry craft, measured by modern standards, Bmallor than many of the coasting schooners of the present day, but she carried the germ of An empire, for Champlain, Do Monts and Tou- trincourt, the founders of New France, were on her deck. Champlain's Cliart of our harbor shows how carefully ho scanned his new discovery, and how little the great natural features of the place have changed in 271 years. Looking upon it, and tracing his soundings, we can see the course his vessel took, passing into the harbor by the eastern channel, and note even the very spot where he anchored. The rugged hills about St. John were then covered with pines and cedars and on Navy Island, "which was then separated from the niain-lnnd on the Carleton side by a much narrower channel than now, was a collection of Indian wigwams, surrounded by a high palisade. The savages who then dwelt at the mouth of the Saint John were Micn.aca, called by the Pi-ench Souriquois, the Malicetes or Etchemins being then confined to the upper parts of the river, which they called Wollastook or Long River. By the Micmacs it was called Wiytmdy or the Great Highway- Champlain, regarded himself as its first discoverer and in honor of tha (Jay, that of Saint John the Baptist, gave the river the name which it has ever since retained. But, though bent on founding a colony, he did not linger at Saint John but spread his sails for a longer flight, and turned the prow of his vessel towards the fatal Island of St. Croix. Seven years? after this, in 1611, we have Father Edmond Masse, a Jesuit rather, living at the mouth of the St. John and, in the midst of all the discomforts incidental to a life amongst the savages, endeavor- ing to learn their language. But his residence here was short, and then St. John is without a history for nearly twenty years. In 1630 Charles Amador de la Tour, a French nobleman, who was Lieut. General to the King on the coast of Acadia, commcnce4 to build a fort at the mouth of the St. John. The spot selected was the neck of land on the Carleton side, opposite to Navy Island, and Fort Latour, as finally completed, was a palisaded fort of four bastions 200 feet square, and mounting 24 guns. Latour lived here for many years, and generally had two or three hundred servants and retainers about him. He traded largely with the Indians, as many as 3000 moose skins being brought injfrom the Upper St. John and its tributaries in a single year, besides large numbers of beaver. Latour had an enor- mous territory and held a portion of his land by a double title, from ^e company of New Prance, and from Sir William Alexander, the THE niBTOBT OP BT. JOHK. grantoo of jRinee the I. of England. In 1640 violent differences arose between Ijatour and d'Aulnay Chamisay, who had a fort at Port Royal, ami was also a grantee of the company of Now France. He succeeded in having Latour*s commisHion from the King revoked and an order isBued for hie arrest, under the hand of Louis XIII., which Latour treated with contempt. In 1043 Chamisay attacked Latour'B fort with five ships'and 500 men, l)ut the latter obtained aid from Boston and beat him off with loss, Early in 164.% in Latour'B absence, Chamisay made another attack, but Latour's heroic wife encouraged the garrison and his ship was compelled to retire in a sinking con- dition. Chamisay, however, returned with a stronger force and attacked Fort Latour from the land side. For three days Lady Latour, with her weak garrison, held him at bay, but on the fourth, which was Easter Sunday, IGth April, 1645, while the garrison were at prayers, a treacherous Swiss sentinel opened the gate to the invaders. Lady Latour, with unfaltering courage, rallied her little band of 50 men and made head against the enemy, but finally, to save further bloodshed, made terms of capitulation. These terms Chamisay completely disregarded, and with incredible barbarity, hanged all the garrison. This accumulation of disasters so preyed on the spirits of Lady Latour that, in a few days, she died, leaving an infant child which was sent to France. Chamisay continued to retain Fort Latour for some years, its legitimate owner having, in the laean time, retired to Quebec. Charnisay, in 1050, was drowned in the Annapolis River, and in the following year Latour had his commission restored to him by the French King and recovered possession of his fort. In 1653 he maiTied Charnisay's widow, and was living at . St. John in a quiet domestic way when, in 1654, an Engligh fleet, which had been sent out by Oliver Cromwell, api)eared before Fort Latour, which, being in a defenceless state, was obliged to cajiitulate, and Acadia passed into the hands of the English. Latour went to England and succeeded, in conjunction with Thomas Temple and William Crowne, in obtaining from Cromwell a grant of the whole of Acadia. Latour subsequently sold out to Temple, who strengthened and improved Fort Latour and built a new fort at Jemseg, where he carried on a considerable trade with the Indians. Latour died in 1666 at St. John, and in the follow- ing year the Treaty of Breda was made between Louis XIV. and Charles II., by which Acadia was to be sun-endered to France. Owing to difficulties raised by Temple as to the limits of Acadia, the surrender was not effected until 1070. It then became a French province with Royal Governors. The first Governor under this new order of things was the Chevalier de Grand-fontaine, who resided most of the time on the River St. John. He strengthened and improved Fort Latour, bringing cannon to it from the fort at Jamseg, which, for the THB HISTOBT 07 BT. JOHN. time, seems to have been abandoned. There were at tbat time in all Ac&dia less than 400 souls, as appears by an actual census of the in- habitants taken in the yvar 1671. Only two forts were then maintained in Acadia, that at Pentagoet, where the Chevalier Grand-fontaine resided, and Fort Latour, where his lieutenant M. de Marson held command. In 1673 Grand-fontaine returned to France, and was succeeded iu command in Acadia by M. de Chambly. About this time, for some reason which is not given, but probably from its greater proxmity and consequent advantages for communication with the Indians, de Marson appears to have transferred his head quarters to Fort Jemseg, for in 1674 he was there surprised by a Hemiah pirate, commanded by an English adventurer, and compelled to surrender. De Marson was carried off a prisoner but soon appears to have been set at liberty, and he contiuued to hold command on the River Saint John for some years. In 1676 he received a grant from the French Crown of a seigniory called Nachouac, and in the same year he also received a grant of the fort or bouse of vemseg. In 1682 if. da la Valliere was in command in Acadia, under an appointment made by Count Froatenec, the Governor of Canada. About this time the King of France granted to the Sieur fiergier of Bochelle, Qautier, Boucher, and de Montes " the lands which they shall find suitable along the coast of Acadia and the Kiver St. John," for the establishment of the shore fishery. Bergier came to Acadia and proceeded to organize fishing establishments on its coasts, but he foimd his operations constantly impeded by the Englisix, who had been fishing on these coasts for years and were not to be restrained. La Valliere, the commandant, who resided at St. John, was openly accused of being in league with these enemies of his country, and it was stated in memorials written to the French Government of that day that he had licensed the English vessels to fish on the coast of Acadia for money payment. Whether these accusiations were true or not it is certain that the differences between Bergier and La Valliere continued to increase in violence, and finally the latter, with something like piratical violence, seized several of Bergier's vef>sels and confiscated their cargoes of fish and hidea. In 1084 La Valliere was removed from the Governorship of Acadia aad succeeded by M. Perrot, who was in his turn succeeded in 1687 by M. de Meuneral. Prior to this, how- •ver, a new set of adventurers from Quebec had made their appearance on the St. John River. These were four brothers named d' Amours, Bona of Matthiew d'Amoure, one of the Councillors of State at Quebec. Their names were Louis, Rene, Matthiew and Bemaxd, and, notwith- standing the rank and official positior of their father, at an early age they took to the woods as Coureura di hois, or out-laws of the bush, aid at cm.9 \xta» were actually arrested by the Governor of Canada for THE HISTOBT Ot 8T. JOHN. time in all of the in- naintained Ld-fontaine arson held , and was ^bout this its greater I with the iiarters to ish pirate, surrender, lave been iver Saint le French ir he also , under an f Canada, fergier of liich they It. John," Acadia s, but he who had strained, s openly y, and it that day f Acadia * not it is }ntinued ing like iflscated •emoved who was is, how- earance limours, Quebec, otwith- rly age i bush, ladafor following this employment. They obtained grants of land on the Biver St. John in 1684, and two of them, Matthiew and Louis, married to two sisters named Guyon, formed permanent establishmentfl on the St. John. Matthiew resided on the east bank of the river, opposite to the mouth of the Oromocto, and Louis had his habitation at the mouth of the Jemseg. All the brothers traded e: usirely with the Indians of the St. John River, of whom it is now time to speak, as about this time they became a power in the eastern parts of America. These Indians are part of the great Algonquin family, and were variously designated Etchemins or Malicites, names the meanings t>f which are now lost ; they also called themselves, in common with some of the Indians of Maine, by the general name of Wabanaki, or Men of the East. The Indian wars in which the Malicites took part commenced in 1689, and for the next 30 or 40 years there was a state of hostility between the border settlers of Maine and New HampisAiire and the New Brunswick Indians. It is quite outside the purposes of this sketch to describe any of the conflicts which desolated the eastern settlements of New England in which tlie Malicites took part ; it is sufficient to say that year after year the work of slaughter went on and that some of the most thrilling tales of suffering and of Indian adventure belong to this period and relate to conflicts with the Mali- cites of Acadia. An event happened shortly after the conuuencement of this Indian war which gave greater strength and consistency to their efforts. For some years prior to 1690 Port Royal, now Annapolis, had been the seat of Government of Acadia, but in that year it was captured by Sir William Fhips and its governor and garrison taken as prisoners to Boston. When Villebon, who came to take Menneval's place as Governor, arrived at Fort Royal he found it in a ruinous condition and he at once decided to remove the seat of government to the River St. John, to the fort at Jemseg which had been formerly occupied by Grand-fontaine. At this period pirates were abundant on the coast of Acadia, and one of these corsairs landed at Port Royal and committed many depredations. They then crossed to Saint John and captured the vessel in which Villebon had came from France, which was lying in this harbor, Villebon being then up the River St. John. It was probably its liability to insult and attack by piratical vessels that caused Villebon to occupy the fort at Jemseg rather than Fort Latour at this period. Jemseg, however, proved in every way unsuitable for a garrison, having originally been intended merely for a trading po^t, and Villebon shortly left it and proceeded to build a palisaded fort at the mouth of the Xashwaak, a tributary of the Saint John which enters it opposite to the City of Fredericton. The rise of this new fortification was deemed by the English colonists an insult and a menace, for in 1692 Sir William Fhips sent a ship of 48 guns 8 TSE HISTOBT OV ST. JOHK. if and two brigantines with 80 Roldiers on board to capture it. Villebou, however, was on the alert, and, without waiting to be attacked, sent a detachment to the mouth of the river to watch the enemy, who were so much disconcerted at the appearance of the French on the alert that they returned without attempting to make any attack. At this period several French war vessels were kept cruising on the coast of Acadia, partly to keep the pirates who infested its shores at a respectable distance, and partly to attack and destroy the fishing and trading vessels of the English colonists. The harbor of St. John became a sort of depot for these captured vessels and their cargoes. A privateer named Baptiste was particularly active in depredations upon English commerce at this period. At the same time Fort Nashwaak on the St. John was the focus of these intrigues against the peace and pros- perity of the settlements of New England, which kept its border towns in a state of warfare, and often of ruin, for so many years. It was from Fort Nashwaak that expedition after expedition went forth composed of bloodthirsty and treacherous savages, and headed gener- ally by Frenchmen, to murder and destroy ia the settlements of New Hampshire and Maine. Hundreds of English colonists were slain in these bloody encounters, and many captured, and the Fort at St. John finally came to be looked upon as the cause of all these disasters, so that a very natural desire arose in the hearts of the people of New England to destroy it. This desire was hardened into a firm resolve by an event which happened in August 1696, the capture of fort Wil- liam Henry at Femaquid by a force of French and English from St. John, rhis fort was almost new, built of stone, and had cost the Province of Massachusetts more than £20,000. Its capture was too gross an insult to be borne. It was determined by the people of Boston that the French should be driven from the River St. John. That no incen- tive might be wanting to stimulate the pride and zeal of the men of Massachusetts two ships of the French expedition, the Profond and Envieu, had been attacked oflE the harbor of St. John by three English vessels, ^he Sorling, Newport and Province galley. One of the latter, tiie Newport, was captured and the others put to flight.J The Newport was carried into St. John. The English expedition to capture Fort Nashwaak was placed un- der the command of Benjamin Church, who had won distinction in King Philip's wars. Between 400 and 500 men were put under his command, and he sailed from Piscataqua late in August, uis force, which included some Indians, being disposed in several small vessels end boats. Ghm'ch, instead of steering straight for Fort Nashwaak, Which he might have surprised, went up the Bay to Chignecto, which he proceeded to plunder and destroy. He remained there nine days, '^^hich he employed in killing the cattle, burning down the houses THE HISTOBT OF ST. JOHK. 9 and destroying the crops of the unfortunate Acadians. Even the chapel was not spared by this licentious soldier, who seems to have had no stomach for war, so long as booty was to be obtained. The accounts given of his scandalous treatment of these poor peo- ple would be incredible, had he not taken the pains to write and pub> lish them himself in a book. Church and his force returned to St. John, where his chief exploit was frightening some workmen, who were rebuilding the fort at the mouth of the river, and capturing 12 cannon that the Fre ach had buried in the beach. He then sailed for Passaraaquoddy, wiiere he was met by Colonel Hathomo who had brought a reinforcement of three ves- sels, and taking command of the expedition, bade Church return to aid him in an attack on Fort Nashwaak. Villebon, who had a guard at the mouth of the St. John, was early informed of Hathome's ap- proach and strengthened his garrison by calling in the Frenchmen who lived lower down the river. Father Simon, the Becollet Mission- ary, who dwelt at Aucpaque, also caine into the Fort at the head of 36 Indian warriors, and wheu the English made their appearance be- fore the Fort on the morning of the 18th October, the French com- mander was fully prepared to receive them. After a cannonade which lasted two days, the siege was abandoned in a precipitate manner and the English force withdrew down the river, having lost a considerable number of men. The cause of this action is said to have been the want of tents to shelter the troops who suffered greatly from the cold. Fort Nashwaak was strengthened during the winter in anticipation of another attack in the spring, but Villebon had resolved to remove his head-quarters to Fort Latour at the mouth of the river. In 1697 he organized an Indian expedition against the English settlements of Maine and kept his men busy rebuilding the fort at the mouth of the St. John. The work of rebuilding went on all that year and in 1698 I^ashwaak was abandoned and Villebon removed with his garrison to the fort at the mouth of the St. John. For the next two years matters in Acadia were of an uneventful character. There was little to cause excitement among its inhabitants except the occasional appear- ance of a pirate on its shores. In July, 1700, Villebon died and was buried at St. John, and Villiett took the command of Acadia until June, 1701, when Brouillan, who had been sent out as Governor, arrived. This commander resolved to abandon the fort and establishment at St. John on which so much money and labor had been expended, an act of folly to which the sub- sequent loss of Acadia by the French may be largely attributed. He caused the fortifications to be razed, demolished the houses, and car- ried away the guns and everything else of a portable character, to Port h 10 THS HISTOBT OF ST. JOHN. Boyal. St. John was left as deserted and desolate as it had been nearly a century before, previous to the arrival of Cbamplain. A deep silence fell upon the place which was unbroken for thirty years. The Indian might wander among the ruins of a Fort which had been abandoned to his caro, or lef tto be converted into a hiding place for the wild beasts of the forest, and wonder at the tolly of the white men who had forsaken the finest river in all Acadia for the hunter, the woodsman, the fisherman or the farmer. The persistent attempts which were made by the French to build a great town at Port Royal and the steady neglect of the advantages of St. John, where nature had obviously intended that a great city should be erected, are things which may well excite our surprise, for during the whole French oc- cupation of Acadia St. John never progressed a single step towards itd present condition. They built fortifications here indeed, and filled them with soldiers, but there were no private settlers at the mouth of river, and no attempt to establish any trade at St. John was ever seri- ously made in their time. The only article exported during the French period, besides the skins of wild animals, if we except pines for masts for the Freftch navy, being limestone, which an early date was taken from St. John in considerable qiianli- ties to Port Royal. All the energies of the French people for more than a century were directed to the building up of settlements at Port Royal, Minas and Chignecto. The very vastness and solitary grand- eur of the St. John seem to have frightened private settlers away and the Government of Fi-ance seem to have given such persons no en- couragement to settle here. In lilO a material change was caused in the aspect of Acadian af- fairs by the fall of Port Royal, which was captured by an English ex- pedition under General Nicholson. Its name was changed to Anna- polis, in honor of the reigning queen, and it continued for a long time to be the seat of government of the English colony of Nova Scotia. Although the French made several attempts to recapture their beloved Port Royal they always failed. Although by the treaty of Utrecht Acadia was ceded to the English crown the French contended that the name only covered the peninsula of Nova Sflotia, and therefore that the St. John still belonged to them. This claim was made olficially in a letter written in 1718 by the Mar- quis deVaudreuil, the Governor of Canada to John Doucett, lieutenant governor of Annajoolis Royal. The French governor also encouraged the inhabitants of Acadia to settle on the St. John River, but none ai>- l^ear to have done so at this time. In 1732, however, a small French colony from Chignecto settled on the River St. John, and speedily made themselves obnoxious to the commander of Port Royal by their reiusal to recognize his authority. These people in 1736 numbered THE HISTOBY OF ST. JOHK. 78 souIb, besides the misdionary priest Jean Pierre Danilo. These simple Acadians were not the sort of people to make any great figure in history and accordingly they have left little record of their exis- tence, except a few entries in regard to them in the Minutes of Coimcil and letter books of the Province of Nova Scotia. Tlie number of French Acadians on the St. John Biver gradually con- tinued to increase, and their settlements gradually grew to be a refuge for the disaffected from other parts of the province. The Malicite Indians of the St. John were always on good terms with the French, and, while the latter remained in the country, were always openly or secretly hostile to the English. In 1749, after the close of the war between France and England, which arose out of the violation of the Frugmatic sanctiftn by Freder- ick the Great, Colonel John Gorham was sent to the River St. John with a force, to exact submission from the French inhabitants there. His troops on landing were fired on by the Indians, or by the French ; it is not very clear which. Two Indians who do not appear to have been concerned in the attack on the English, but who rather seem to have strayed into their camp, were seized by Gorham and detained as hostages. This act provoked a correspondence between the Count Galissionliere, the Governor of Canada and the British, authorities, in which the old question with regard to the ownership of the St. John Biver, which had been in absyance for many years, was revived. The result of these conflicting claims was a determination on the part of the French Government to oceupy the territory in dispute with an armed force. Accordingly in the summer of 1749 a French officer named Bois- herbert was sent down from Quebec with 30 men to occupy the old fort at the mouth of the St. John Biver. Once more its ruined bas- tines, which had been deserted for well nigh a half century, were trodden by armed men and the colors of France again waved over them. The English at Halifax, which was founded in that year, at once took the alarm, and Governor Cornwallis ordered Captain Bous to go to St. John and order the French to desist from erecting fortifi- cations there. In July 1749 he proceeded in the ship of war Albany to St. John, and for some days saw nothing of the French. Finally, a French schooner laden with provisions arrived and was seized, but Capto Bous offered to release her, provided the master would go up the river in a canoe and bring down the French officer. Boisherbert, it appears, was at that time engaged in constructing a small fort at the mouth of the Nerepis, on the west side of the St. John. The master of the schooner went up the river to find him, and on the following day the French officer made his appearance at the head of 30 troops and 150 Indians, and they planted their colors on the shore opposite Ir •^ I I 12 THE HISTOST OF ST. JOHN. to where the Albany was lying at anchor. Capt. Rous ordered theai to strike their colors and this, after some demurring, was done. Bois- herbert in excuse for his presence there produced letters from the Governor of Canada ordering him to prevent the English from settling at St. John, on the ground that tlie territory belonged tj France, A letter from Comwallis ordering him to desist from erecting forts at St. John, was delivered to Boisherbert, and Rous retired, taking with him some of the chiefs of the St. John River Indians for the purpose of arranging a treaty. Boisherbert afterwards wrote to Governor Cornwallis, disavowing any intention of fortifying or building at St. John, but stating that his orders were not to allow any one else to build at St John until the right of possession had been settled be- tween the two crowns. Nothwithstanding this disavowal, the fort at Nerepis, of the existence of which the English were then unaware, was finished, and, as if to show the determination of the French to re- tain the continental part of Acadia, an officer named Le Corne, was sent from Quebec with 70 men to take possession of the Isthmus of Chignecto. There in the following year arose the bastione of the strongest fort yet erected in Acadia, the grim and formidable Bea^so- jour. For the next five years there was no material change in the aspect of affairs in Nova Scotia. The FreJich continued In fortify themselves at Chignecto and St. John, and it was finally resolv^rl by the British authorities in Massachusetts and JKova Scotia to dispossess Ihem. An expedition was organized in New England by Governor Shirley, con- sisting of about 2000 men, and placed under the command of Colonel Moncktono They sailed from Boston in May 1755, in 36 vessels, large and small, including three frigates, and on the 2nd June appeared off Fort Beausejour, which they attacked, and on the IGth June it surrend- ered. As soon as this French stronghold was captured, Capt. Rous was sent with three 20-guu ships and a sloop to look into the St, John River, where it was reported that there were two Frencli ships of 36 guns each. He anchored off the mouth of the River and sent in his boats to reconnoitre, but there was no vessel in the harbor. As ooon, however, as the French on shore saw them they burst their can- non, blew up their magazine, burned everything! they could belong- ing to the fort and marched off. The forcible removal of the French inhabitants from Nova Scotia took place in the same year, not long aftjr the fall of Beause- jour. It was a cruel and extreme act, but was rendered necessary by their turbulent character and their determination not to live peaceably under the British flag. In some parts tl. "^ deportation of the inhabitants was effected without much difiiculty. At Grand Pre 1923 Frenchmen, women and children, were collected and peace- OHN. THE HISTOBT OF ST. JOHN. 13 ?t. Rous ordered them rring, was done. Bois- ^uced letters from the English from settling longed t'j France, A From erecting forts at } retired, taking with iians for the purpose 8 wrote to Governor ing or building at St. illow any one else to had been settled be- isavowal, the fort at were then unaware, a of the French to re- lamed Lo Corne, was >n of the Isthmus of the bastions of the '. formidable Beause- change in the aspect n fortify themselves olvcd by the British lispoesess them. An vernor Shirley, con- 3ommand of Colonel ), in 36 vessels, large Li June appeared off i6th June it surrend- red, Capt. Eous was into the St, John D Frencli ships of 36 ver and sent in his in the harbor. As ley burst their can- ithey could belong- 3 from Nova Scotia lie fall of Beause- rendered necessary nation not to live bl-'^ deportation of iculty. At Grand ;llected and jjeace- bly removed. But at Chi,piecto, Shepody and ether places resistance was offered, and large numbers of the inhabitants from these parts tied to the River St. John. It wac calculated that Boisherbert, the Fi'ench officer in command of the River, was at one time at the head of as many as 1500 of thes \ French fugitives. Their presence caused no small amount of imeasiness to the authorities at Hali- fax. For the French, thus reinforced, were again able to hold the mouth of the River St. John, and they had a fortified post at St. Anns, 90 miles up the river, on the site of the present city of^Fredericton. The destruction of both posts and the entire removal of the French from the river were objects to which the attention of the English WttH now directed. At all events it was clear that the fort at the mouth of the river must be reoccupied. Accordingly in the summer of 1768, three ships of war and two transports with two regiments, one of Highlanders and the other of Provincial troops, on board, wei3 despatched from Boston to recap- ture Fort Latour. They landed at Negi'o Town Point and cut a road through the woods to the place where the Carleton City Hall now stands, which was then used as a vegetable garden by the French. From there they advanced against the fort in order of battle, and after one repulse, succeeded in carrying it by assault. They captured 200 or 300 prisoners, and the rest of the garrison escaped across the river in boats, and finally made th'Sw way up river. Many, however, were killed in the boats by the shots of the attacking party. The loss of both French and English was heavy, especially of the former, — more than 40 being killed. This ended their occupation of the mouth of the St. John, and soon a^ter the French were driven entirely from the river, except a few families who continued to reside near St. Anns. Fort Latour was occupied and garrisoned by the English and renamed Fort Frederick. A blockhouse was also erected on Fort Howe. The autumn of 1759 was distinguished by one of the most violent gales of wind that ever was known in these latitudes. The damage done was immense. Whole forests were blown down ; the tide rose six feet above its ordinary level and all the dykes were destroyed. A considerable part of Fort Frederick at St. John was washed away. The deecriptions given' of this storm naturally recall the effects of the great gale and tidal wave which did so much damage throughout the Maritime Provinces a few years ago. At this period Colonel Arbuthnot was in command of Fort Freder- ick, and its garrison consisted of about 150 or 200 men. The com- mandant was very busy in keeping the Indians in order and watch- ing the French, and seems altogether to have had rather an uneasy time of it. He succeeded in remoyiug some himdxeds of the French 14 THE HISTOBY OF ST. JOHN. i '! inhaoitants of the Biver to otlior places. His soldiers appear to have grown tired of the monotony of life at St. John, for in the spring of 1760, in spite of all persuasion, 70 of them openly left in one schooner and 80 in anothor, to rotiii-n to their homos in New Eng- land. This desertion must have left Arbuthnot's garrison very weak and he seems about this time to have given up the command of Fort Frederick, for I itut. Tong was in command of it in July 1760. He represented his xort at that time as being greatly in need of repaird and alterations to make it defensible. In 1761 the settlement of the marsh lands about Sackville was commenced by colonists from the older English colonies, and in the following year a number of English settlers removed to the St. John River, but in 1764 an immigration on a more extended scale took place. Mr. James Simonds, the ancestor of the present family of that name, with Mr. James White and Capt. Francis Peabody arrived on the site of the present city of St. John on the 16th April of tliat year, determined to make '.t their home. Simonds and Whi '.e erect- ed small dwellings at the foot of the hill, now known as Fort Howe, Capt. Pealcly commenced the formation of a settlement at Mauger- ville in the County of Sunbury. This settlement, which was named after Joshua Maugor, an English merchant who was agent for the Province of Nova Scotia, was composed mainly of colonists from Massachusetts. Although the date of this settlement is generally put down 1766, it is quite certain that it was completely established in 1764, as is proved by a memorandum made in that year by Mr. Grant of Halifax, who gives the number of English inhabitants then livng on the St. John at 400. In 1765 the settlement was erected into a county by the name of Sunbury, and accorded two representa- tives in the House of Assembly at Halifax. Ijarge grants of land had been in the meantime made on the St. John to actual settlers and to influential persons who wished to be great landowners in Nova Scotia. But there was land enough for all and these enormous reserves did not hinder the progress of settlement. In 1766, Ensign Jeremiah Meara was in command of Fort Frederick, which was still maintain- ed as a post, and we find him writing to Halifax to complain of two of the settlers, Israel Perley and Colonel Glaziei,for injury and violence to the Indians. The latter had a large grant at the mouth of Nerepis, which is named on the plans of that day, "Glazier's Manor." In 1768 the troops were withdrawn from Fort Frederick, except a corporal and four men, and Messrs. Simonds and White left to pur- sue their peaceful avocations,|fishing and farming, without military protection. This measure seems to have emboldened the Indians to give trouble in a sneaking way, and in 1771 ihey burnt the store- THE FISTOHT OP ST. JOHN. 15 •8 appear to I, for in the >nly left in n New Eng- I very weak command of I July 1760. d of repaird jkville was and in the 10 St. John scale took family of )dy arrived ml of that 'hite eroct- 'ort Howe, it Mauger- vas named ntfor the lists from generally stablished ar by Mr. ants then IS erected spresenta- land had srs and to va Scotia, erves did Jeremiah (laintaiii- in of two ury and nouth of Glazier's except a to pur- military dians to store- house and dwelling of Captain Jadis, a retired o£Bcer who had settled at Grimross for the purposes of trade. This act induced C Dvemor Campbell to recommend the erection of a strong block house, proper- ly ganisoned, '*to protect a very increasing settlement on the banks of the St. John River, abounding with a most excellent soil." This blockhouse was af terwavds erected at Oromocto. The first representative for th? County of Sunbury in the Nova Scotia Assembly was Charles Morris, son of the Surveyor General of Nova Scotia, and in 1774 James bimonds was also elected a mem- ber, the county being at that time entitled to two representatives. A Court of Common Pleas had been held in Sunbury from the year 1766, so tnat the people on the River St. John had all the parapher- nalia of government ; and, although they sometimes complained of the Indians, seem to have increased and mult; lied, and gone about their daily routine of duty with a reasonable degree of assurance that their scalps were safe. But troublous times were at hand. The disputes between Great Britain and her colonies on this conti- nent, which arose out of the attempt of the mother country to im- pose taxep on the latter, culminated in the year 177r;, and produced bloodshed. The revolted colonists, not content with recovering the independence of their own country, were ambitious enough to attempt to reduce both Canada and Nova Scotia, and at first there seemed to be every reasjn to believe that they would succeed. The people of Simbury, or rather the great majority of them, were in sympathy with their kindred in New England, and before the war was over showed their disloyalty by stronger means than mere words. In the • meantime the act of a raiding party from Machias, Me., exhibited the extent of the danger to which St. John ^-.a the whole Province was exposed. In August 1776, Stephen Smith, a Machias man and a delegate to the Massachusetts Congi'ess, came to St. John in an aimed sloop, and of course, met with no resistance. He burnt Fort Frederick and the barracks, took the few men who had charge of the fort prisoners and captured a brig of 120 tons, laden with oxen, sheep and swine, which were intended for the British troops at Bos- ton. This sudden raid had the effect of putting the British authori- ties on the alert, and vessels of war were sent to cruise off St. John to protect the ports in the Bay of Fundy from these incursions. The Governor of Nova Scotia also sent expresses to engage the Indians on the side ef the crown. In 1776 a bold attempt was made to capture Fort Cumberland, in which some ot the inhabitants of Sunbury took part. The leader^ in, this attempt was Jonathan Eddy, a native of Massachusetts, who had lived some 12 years on the marsh lands about Chignecto, and repre- sented Cumberland County in the Assembly at Halifax. He conceivec^ 16 THE HISTOET OP ST. J01W. sl! the idea of winning reputAtion by the capture of Fort Cumberland in the Autumn of 1776 ; went to Boston, where he conferred with the Council of War there and, receiving some encouragement, he chartered a small vessel at Nowburyportjand, -nth a few followers and some arms and ammunition, he proceec. ^ Machias, where about 20 men joined him. At Pa88amaquod(.^ obtained a few more, and going up the St. John River as far as Maiigerville, he was joined by a company of twenty-five men, a captain, a lieutenant and sixteen Indians, which brought the number of his force up to seventy- two. Eddy embarked his n^on in whale boats and canoes and in a few days reached Shepody, where he surprised a picket guard from Fort Cumberland, capturing Capt. Walker and thirteen men. At Sackville they captured u sloop laden with provisions; and ly ing close, several per- sons who came down from the fort to the sloop, amongst others the engineer, were taken. Eddy's successes induced about a hundred of the inhabitants, of the marsh diptrict, to join him in attempting the capture of Fort Cumberland, which was commanded by Colonel Gorham. Tlie fort was summoned, but the demand to give it up was promptly refused, and un attack which Eddy subsequently made was repulsed with loss. This attack was made on the 12th November, and the in- vestment of the fort was continued until the 28th, when Eddy and his troops were attacked by the garrison and by a detachment from Windsor under Major Bott and compelled to retire. Late in Decem- ber they reached Maugerville dispirited, worn out with fatigue and half starved. This taste of warfare does not seem to have satisfied the disloyal people of Sunbury. Several public meetings were held at Mauger- ville at which resolutions of sympathy with the people of New Eng- land were passed, and Asa Perley and Asa Kimball were appointed a committee to go to Boston and solicit assistance and munitions of war from the people of Massachusetts, to onable them to rebel against Britain successfully. The result of this mission was that Colonel John Allan, who had been obliged to fly from Cumberland for his disloyal plots, was sent by the Government of Massachii'otts, to act as Colonel and superintendent of the Eastern Indians, and to raise the necessary force to take possession of the country on the St. John River and hold it for the United States. In April, 1777, Allanlef t Boston with some supplies and in May took his departure from Machias with a party of 43 men in whale boats and canoes. They arrived at St. John in safety and effected a landing. Allan appears to have gone at once to Aulvijaque, an Indian settlement above Freder- icton, where he engaged in conferences with the inhabitants and the Indians,, leaving a detachment at the mouth of the river, THK HI8T0BX OF ST. JOHIT. 17 Cumberland ferrod with igement, he iw followers hias, where lined a few rille, ho was utenant and to seventy- nd in a few I from Fort U Sackville spveral per- ; others the hundred of mpting the iy Colonel 8 promptly is repulsed and the in- Eddy and ment from in Decem- atigue and disloyal Mauger- New Eng- appointed initions of to rebel was that mberland ichii?!?tts, IS, and to y on the Allan left ure from s. They jpears to 5 Freder- labitants e river, who made their bead quarters at Simonds' House at the foot of Fort Howe. On Monday, the 23rd June, the British war sloop Vulture entered the harbor and Allan's men wore at onco attacked. The latter being protected succeeded in inflicting some lose on the British as they landed from tholv boats, six of the latter being killed and wounded out of a force of forty men. A few days latter the British war ship Mermaid arrived, and on the approach of this additional force the rebels fled to the woods, whore from their knowledge of the country, they expected to be able to maintain themselves. This, however, Capt. Hawker, who commanded the British, resolved to prevent, and ho was about making dispositions of his forces to dis- lodge them, when a detachment of 120 men from Fort Cumberland landed and took them in flank. The main body of Allan's party re- treated to Grand Bay, where their boats were, and Capt. Dyer, who was left with a rear guard of 12 men to observe the motions of the Brit- ish, was so closely pursued that he had three men killed and two wounded. Allan's force then retreated up river, the British pur- suing thom. Allan, who had succeeded in gaining the good will of the Indians and promises of aid from them, was on his way to the mouth of the River, when he met his retreating force, in five boats. He at once turned and fled with them, and on the Ist July arrived at Maugerville. On the following day ho reached the Indian settlement of Aukpaquc where he had been received with so much cere- mony and consideration by the savages a short time before. There all was terror and confusion for the British were still in pursuit. The Indians abandoned their settlement for the time and fled and the sequel was that Allan, abandoned by his Indian allies and with hii own men on the verge mutiny, had to make a hasty retreat to Maine, by way of Eel river and the Scoudac Lakes, arriving at Machias Aug. 2nd, 1777. Thus ended this bold attempt to gain possession of the River St. John. On the 24th September, 1777, Mr. Franklin, the Indian Commissioner* made a treaty with the Malicetes and Micniacs at Fort Howe, St* John, and from that time the Nova Scotia Government experienced no difficulty with these' tribes. The] post at Fort Howe was held by a small force under the command of Capt. Studholm. He commenced the export of masts from St. John for the use of the ns^, and the first cargo of these arrived at Halifax Nov. 22nd, 1780. I uring the following winter a second cargo was got ready at St. Johi, consist- ing of upwards of 200 sticks for masts, spars and bowdpri'i, and they were shipped on board a transport in |May, 1781. These opera- tions, inconsiderable as] they were, naturally drew workmen to St. John, and mark the beginning of the trad of this now busy city. New England priyateers were, however, very active on our coast at 18 THl HISTOBT OF BT. JOHK, 1 » i. 11! I" ill that time and threatened to strangle the infant commerce of our port. In May 17UI thoy captured a schooner belonging to Capt. Sheffield, laden with goods for St. John, but she was retaken by a \olunteer force from Comwallis. In 1782 tho cutting of spars on the River St. John went on without interruption, and the settlements continued to grow in population. In this year St. John had boconie a port of entry, James White being the first collector of customs. The tonnage which entered St. John during that year amounted to 144 tons, and the vessels which cleared amounted to 166 tons. As a matter of curiosity, we append a list of the vessels which entered and cleared at St. Jonn in that year : VE88BLS ENTBHED AND CLKARKD AT THE FORT OP ST. JOHN IN 1782. Entered. Tom. Clerreil ToyiS' Rosamia, 17 Betsy 10 Escape, 10 Polly, 10 Sally 10 Lark, 18 Ranger, 12 Prosperity, 10 Unity 10 7 30 Speedy, Little T om,< Total tonnage,. 144 Rosaaua, 17 Peggj', 8 Betsy 10 Escape, 10 Polly, 10 Sally 10 Lark 18 Ranger, 12 Prosperity, 10 Unity, 10 Little Tom, 30 Monnguash, 30 Total tonnage, 166 Such was the shipping of St. John less than a century ago. A toler- ably correct idea of the state of the settlements on the St. John River at the close of this year, may be gathered from a letter written by Amos Botsford, an agent for the Loyalists, who had been examining the country with a view to settlement. He says the inhabitants of the St. John River are " computed to be near a thousand men able to bear arms." He says also "the settlers are chiefly poor people who come here and get their living easily. They cut down tho trees, bum the tops, put in a crop of wheat or Indian corn, which yields a plenti- ful increase. These intervals would make the finest meadows. The uplands produce both wheat of the summer and winter kinds, as we 11 as Indian com. Here are some wealthy farmers, having flocks of cattle, The greater part of the people, excepting the township of Maugerville, are tenants, or seated on the bank without leave or .license, merely to get their living." The year 1783 was the most memorable of any in the history of St. John, for it was the year of the landing of the Loyalists. But for ^bem St. John might have struggled on for years through a protract- e of our port, hpt. Sheffield, y a volunteer the River St. continued to t)ort of entry, The tonnage 144 tons, and a matter of 1 and cleared 3T. JOHN IN Tons- 17 8 10 10 10 !••' ••.••• 10 18 12 10 10 30 30 166 fo. A toler- John Biver written by examining tants of the nen able to jeople who trees, bum Is a plenti- ows. The ds, as we 11 [ flocks of wnship of t leave or tory of St. But for protract- TU£ laittTOfiY Of 8T. JO&N. 10 cd hdU tfickly infancy, but the coming of the Loyaliala brought it, in a few short months, from the dimensions of a hamlet to those of a res- jHictable town. The war between (ireat Britain and her colonists WHS over, and the latter had gained their independence. Had they been wise they would have tenii>cred tlieir triumph with moilcra- tion; they would have encouraged those who had espoused the Royal cause to remain and assist in building up the new nation which they had founded. lns'e:ul of this, they committed one of the moul 8tui)cndous acts of short sighted folly ever perpetrated by a people. They passed edicts of banishment against the persons, and acts of contiscaliou against the estates, of the Loyalists. They drove them out, poor in purse indeed, but rich in experience, determination, energy, education, intellect (inr, C«i»t. Burns ; the Spencer: the Etmnett, Capt. Keed; the YV/flwiM ; t lie iSy^y/uy, Capt. Cadish ; the Jirulf/eivater ; the Fai'on'te, V(i\A. Ellis; the A.tti, Capt. Clark; the Commerce, Capt. Strong; the William; \\\^ Lord yWtw/'cwrf,' Capt, Hogg ; tl j Sover- eign, Capt. Stuart; tlie Sail if, Capt. Bell; the Cyrus; the Britain', and the King Geoigi', — twenty sUips in all. These ships were all fi'om Xew York. The .Spring was wet and cold, and no houses or ac- commodations being provided fur them, the Loyalists did not land until the 18th May, a day that should never be forgotten by their descendants, or by the inhabitants of thecity which they founded. These men were expatriated, exiles, men whose property had been confiscated, -who had lost their all for a principle, — men without a countiy. Yet Ruiong them were some of the keenest intellects of the revolted colonics, lUe great lights of the law and of the church, and the men who had filled high offices under the old order of things in New England and Xew Y'ork. Some had fought through the war in regular or parlizan corps; others had not ; all were not C(iUrtl in merit, but all were involved in one common ruin. When the Loyalists reached St. John, civilization had made such small advances against the rugged might of nature, that with the ex- Ili T U !!S ^!- < -1! m 20 I HE HiSTOat OF ST. JOHN. ception of a sma)^ clearing about Fort Howe, the whole site of the pres- ent city and of Poitland was a deiise forest. It was rocky and rough too beyond the ordinaiy rudeness of a wildeniess, and we who have seen with what Titanic labor streets have been hewed through the rocks in St. John, can form some idea of the forbidding appearance it must have presented to those exiled and dispirited people who first undertook to found a city here. The Loyalists landed on the 18th May, the landing, in most cases, being effected at Lower Cove, near the old Sydney Market House. A few log huts were the only buildings at that time on the site of St, John, and the first care of the Loyalists was to provide shelter for themselves. Temporary sheds were at first erected, and after- wards residences of a more substantial character. The first fleet of ships brought upwardj of 3000 Loyalists to St. John, so that the tosk of providing sufficient accommodation for so many was no light one. Large numbers also arrived in subsequent vessels in the course of the summer and autumn. They seem to have entered on their task with gi-eat industry and alacrity, and long before the arrival of winter, comfortable provision had been made for the shel- tering of all who arrived. Most of the dwellings erected were built of logs, and the first framed house finished by the Loyalists -was a place of worship. It was erected on a lot (No. 121^ on the east side of Germain Street, about mid-way between Queen and Duke streets. It was used by the Episcopalians until Christmas day 1701, when Trinity Church was first opened, and subsequently, as a place of wor- ship, by the MetliDdists and Baptists. The Courts and the meetings of the Common Council w^re also held in this building until 1798. The Governor of Nova Scotia at the time of the arrival of the Loy- alists was John Parr, Esq., and St. Jolm Avasat first named Parrtown, after this gentleman. The town was laid out in lots and granted to the Loyalist families residing here, there being 1184 grante j in one grant at St. John and 93 in another. Great jealously soon arose among the Loyalists with regard to this matter of granting lands in the new colony. In August, 1780, the dissatisfaction was so great at Saint John thn> four hundred per- sons had signed an agreement to remove to Passamaquoddy. Tlie ex- act reasons for the dissatisfaction which existed, are at this day a little obscure ; but there is no doubt that the undue partiality shown to some Loyalists of wealth and position, to the detriment of others who had suffered equally from tlu; result of the war, lay at the found- ation of the troubles. Abijah Willard, who settled in the Parish oi" Lancaster, and fifty-four others, addressed a petition to Sir Guy Car- leton, asking for extensive ga-ants in Nova Scotia. They represented that their position in life had been very respectable, and that previous THE HI8T0BY OF ST. JOHN. 21 )f the pro 8- and rough I who have rough the ippearnncc jople who n the 18th Dove, near the site of Ae shelter md after- rst fleet of t the tosk light one. in tlio ntered on efore the • the shel- rere built its -was a east side e streets. 91, when of wor- neotings 1798. the Loy- arrtown, anted to i in one 'gard to It, 1783, I'cd per- Theox- s day a shown others found- irisli of ly Car- jsented •evious to the Revolution, they had poBseesed much influence. They, there- fore, asked for grants of land in Nova Scotia of the same extent as had been given to fleld oflicers. This petition was made public at St, John, and caused much excitement. Many people declared their pulses beat too high for them to become the tenants or vassals of the worthy flfly-flve. It is pretty evident that our fathers were no more fr:? from political troubles than their descendants are at the present d.-'y. The population of the Province of New Brunsvrick towards the close of the year 1783, was estimated at 11,457. Upwards of 1200 more Loyalists had arrived from New York in November of that ;>oar. City lots in Parrtown were worth from 182 up to $20, accord- ing to locality ; but real estate, owing to the great influx of i^eople, had at thut time attained a ficticious value, which it afterwards lost. The lot on which the Dailt/ Telegraph newspaper office now stands, was sold in 178G to Dr. Adino Paddock for fiA'e shillings. It would now be cheap at ten thousand dollars. The date of the original plan of survey of Pan town, is August 6th, 1784. It is signed by Governor PaiT, Paul Bedell, DeiDuty-Siirveyor, and Gilfred Studholm, Superin- tendent. The first winter spent by the new settlers was a severe one, and many died. There is no record of the first Loyalist death in St. John ; but the first man married was Andrew Stockton, and the fact is duly recorded on his tombstone. The year 1784 was rather an eventful one. The agitations, with rega^'d to the granting of land, continued at St. John, and a new one sprung up demanding a separation from Nova Scotia- Even in Nova Scotia proper, at this time and long afterwards, there were brisk contests between the Loyalists or new comers, and the old settlors. In August, of this year, information was received from England that that portion of Nova Scotia north of the Misseguask was to be erected into a new Province by the name of New Bruns- wick. On Friday, the 18th Jime, 1784, the first of these calamities by fire, which have been so destructive in St. John, took place. Eleyen houses were burned, the sufferers being chiefly discharged soldiers of the 42nd Ilcgt. On the same day seven houses were consumed at the falls, and a woman and child burnt to death. In August, of this year, Nehemiah Beckwith, afterwards a resident of Frederidton, built a scow or tow-boat to ply between Parrtown and SI. Ann's, the first attenii^t to establish regular communication between the two places. From such an humble beginning did the great trafiic now moving on the St. Jolin River take its rise. In October, Mr, Thonms Carleton, the Governor of the new Pro- '"^^Yi 22 THE HI8T0HT OF ST. .TOHN. Ill i'l • vince of New Brunswick, arrived at Halifax with liis family from Jjondon, in the Saint Laic^rence, Capt. Wyatt, after a passage of eight weeks. On Sunday, the 2l8t Nov., at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, he arrived at St. John with his lady and family, having crossed the Bay from Digby in six hours in the sloop liant/er, Corneliiu* Hatfield mas- ter. He received an enthusiasticwelcome from the Loyalists. A salute of seventeen guns was fired from Lower Cove Battery as the lianr/er entered the Harbor ; and, as he landed, a similar salute was thunder- ed from Fort Ilowe. A gi'eat concourse of the inhabitants received liim with shouts of welcome, and escorted him to the house of Mr. (ieo. Leonard, corner Union and Dock streets, which had hern fitted up for his reception. On his entering the house, the crowd gave him llirpe cheers, and criet of "long live our King and Governor." On tlie following day his commission was read, after which he was sworn in as Captain General and Commander in Chief. On the same day, Duncan Ludlow, James Putnam, Abijah Willard, Gabriel 6. l^udlow, Isaac Allan, William Hazen and Jonathan Odell were sworn in mem- bers of His Majesty's Council, and its first meeting was held. The new Governor was addressed by the inhabitants, who called them- selves "a number of oppressed and insulted Loyalists," and congratu- lated him on his arrival " to check the arrogance of tyranny, crush the gi'owth of injustice, and establish such wholesome laws as are, and ever have been, the basis of our glorious constitution." They added that they were formerly freemen, and again ho^jed to be under liis auspices. The friends of a Maritime Union will note with what n sontful feelings the Provini.cs of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were separated. Five days after this first meeting of the Coimcil, Gilfred Studholm was sworn in and took his scat, and on the 4th Dec. Edward Winslow. In July, 1786, the number was further increased by the appointment of Joshua Upham and Daniel Bliss. The first Cliief Justice of New Brunswick was George D. Ludlow, and the as- sistant judges \\'ere James Putnam, Isaac Allan and Joshua Ux)ham. All were swoni in on the same day, — the 25th November, 1784. The Supreme Court was opened for the first time in New Brunswick on Tiiestlay, Fyb. Ist, 1786. It met in the building on Germain Street r.lready referred to, which the Loyalists built for public worship. Tl.e Hon. George D. Ludlow and Hon. James Putnam were on the bench. After the formal opening of the Court, the Commission ap- pointing the Judges was read, and also the appointment of Ward Chipman as Attorney General, and of Colin Campbell as Clerk of the Courts. The first Grand Jury were as follows : Richard Lightfoot, John Kirk, Francis Deveber, John Camp, Wm. Harding, John Coiville, Henry Thomas, John Hazen, John Smith, Muneon Jarvis, John Boggs, Oliver Arnold, Caleb Howe, David Mel- vill AnI Jot Coc U i THE HISTOBX OP ST. JOHN. 23 amily from )ge of eight ternoon, he ed the Bay It field infts- A salute of the Hmujer as thunder- its received oiise of Mr. hern fitted [I gave hiiu r." On tlie 6 sworn in same day, 3. Ijudlow, rn in uiem- lield. The illed thenj- l congratu- nny, crush iws as are, »n." They 3 he under with what va Scotia Council, e 4th Dec. increased The first nd the as- a Upham. 84. The nswick on lin Street worship, re on the ission aj)- of Ward rk of the iip, Wm. n Smith, rid Mel- ville, Isaac Bell, Bichard Bonsall, Jas. Eetcluim, Luke D. Thornton, Anthony Narraway. On Feb. 3rd, a true bill was found against Nancy Mosley for th e murder of John Mosely. Tlie prisoner was arraigned, tried, and found guilty of manslaughter the same day, and the petit jury on that occasion, the first empanelled, were as follows : Frederick Devoe, George Wilson, Abel Flewelling, Samuel Tilley, John Wiggins, Forbes Newton, Casper Doherty, James Picket, John Cooke, James Suveneer, Jesse Marchant, Jeremiah Worden. On the same day, Michael and Abraham Mings, mulattoes, were found guilty of burglary, the latter being recommended to mercy. On the 4th, Peter A. Korman was found guilty of highway robbery, and Peter Thatcher of g?'and larceny. On the day following, which was Saturday, Nancy Mosely, who prayed the benefit of clergy, was sentenced to be branded on the left thumb with the letter M, and dis- charged. On the same day the first capital sentences were pronounced : Peter A. Korman, Abraham Mings, Michael Mings and William Thatcher, being sentenced to be hanged "on Friday night,^ between the hours of eleven and one o'clock." Thatcher and Abraham Mings wei'e afterwards pardoned, on condition of leaving the Province ; the other two were duly hanged on " Gallows Hill," the height of land overlooking the Mill Pond to the eastward of Fort Howe. Thus was usual Anglo-Saxon desire to exemplify the advanced state of civiliza- tion which the Province had attained, by hanging somebody, satis- fied. The first civil trial was held in St. John Oct. 5th, 178r),-Chief Jus- tice Ludlow, with Justices Putnam and Allen being on the Bench. The action was brought by Alexander Ilackett against Thomas Han- ford and Bradford Gilbert. William ■V^'ylie and Elias Hardy were the plaintiff's lawyers, the defendants' were Amos Botsford and Ward Chipman. The plaintiff got a verdict, with damages assessed at £12 10s. This first civil jury was composed as follows : James Linton, James Clarke, John Kennedy. John Marston, Andrew Bowman, Samuel Dodge, Kenneth McKenzie, Thomas Thomas, John Sharp, William Ellison, Andrew Rogers, Elias Skidmore. In February, 1785, Governor Carleton selected St. Ann's Point ns the future seat of government of the Province, and Douglas Camp- bell was directed to survey the town platt there, the place to be called Fredericton, after the Bishop of Osnaburg. On the 18th May, 1785, Parrtown and (>arleton were, by Royal Charter, erected into a city, to be called the City of St. John. The new city was bounded "by a line to commence and beginning near Fort Howe, at Portland Point, at low water mayk, and thence running a direct line to a small point or ledge of land at the causey by the old saw mill ; thence east north- 24 HISTOET or ST. JOHN. fe ( till III east until a direct line shall strike the creek running through Ilazen's marsh on the east side of the eastern district aforesaid ; thence along the course of the said creek to its mouth ; thence by a line running south, nineteen degrees west, into the Bay, until it meets a line run- ning east from the south point of Partridge Island, and along the said line to the said point ; thence by a direct line to a point on the shore, which is at the south-east extremity of a line running south forty- two degrees east from the River St. John to the Bay of Fundy, and terminating the town lots of the western district aforesaid ; thence along the said line north forty-two degi'ees west to the River St. John aforesaid, and continuing the sftid course across the said river until it meets the opposite shore, and from thence along the north shore of the said river at low water mark to Portland Point aforesaid." The city was divided into six wards, King's, Queen's Sidney, Duke's, Guy's and Brook's, each of which were to be represented by an alder- man and an assistant. The civic officers appointed and named in the charter were : Gabriel G. Ludlow, Mayor; Ward Chipman Recorder; Bartholemew Crannell, Common Clerk; George Leonard, Thomas Menzies, William Paine, William Pagan, Stephen Iloyt and John Holland to be Aldermen; and John Colwell, Munson Jarvis, Richard Seaman, Fitch Rogers, John Ness and Adino Paddock to be Assistants. George Leonard was appointed Chamberlain and Treasurer ; James Stewart and Amos Arnold, Marshals; Ebrnezer Holly, High Con- stable ; Lodwick Cyjiher, James Birmingham, Philip Ilenriquey, Jas. McNeal, William Cooper and John McGill, Constables. John Hazen was appointed Coroner, and William Sandford Oliver, Sheriff. On the same day the City and County of St. John received its charter and in July of the same year, charters were granted to Westmoreland, York, Charlotte, Northumberland, King's, (Queen's, and Sunbury, which, with St. John, are the eight original counties into which the Province was divided. On the 11th October, 1785, the first number of the Boyol Gazetie and Keiv Brunswick Advertiser was published at St. John by Christo- pher Sower, King's Printer. This was the first weekly paper publish- ed in New Brunswick. In this year, too, Wm. Cobbott, a man after- wards widely famec' as a newspaper writer, came to St. John from England as a recruit to join the .54lh Regiment, then stationed at Fort Ilowe, and it was here he met with the Sergeant's pretty daughter, who became his wife. Tlie blockhouse on Fort Howe was ot that time, for want of a more suitable building, used as a gaol. The elections for members to sit in the first Nt w Brunswick General Assembly, were held in Nov., 1785, and in St. John were signalized by great riots. The members elect for St. John City, were Stanton Hazard and John McGeorge ; for the Coimty of St." John, William Pagii Dem it w( Th Jana of K was tice. tL-».>.tt?,. THE HISTORY OF ST. JOHN. 25 iroiigh Ilazen's ; thence along a line running 3ts a line run- along the said t on the shore, g south forty- Df Fundy, and •esaid; thence Jiver St. John I river until it north shore of esaid." idney, Duke's, d by an aider- named in the lan Recorder; ard, Thomas oyt and John irvis, Richard be Assistants, surer ; James p', High Con- 'niriques, Jas. John Ilazen Sheriff. On its charter Bstmoreland, id Sunbury, to which the oyol Gazette \ by Christo- per publish- a man after- John from stationed at uit's pretty t Howe was I as a gaol, ick General gualized by re Stanton ■ n, William Tagan, Ward Chipman, .Jonathan Bliss and Christopher Billop. The Democratic element evidently had it all its own way in the city ; but it was otherwise in the County. The first Parliament of New Brunswick met in St. John on the 3rd Janaary, 1786, in the "Mallard House," which was on the north side of King Street, on the second lot below Gemiain. Amos Botsford was chosen Speaker of the House, and G. D. Ludlow, the Chief Jus- tice, the President of the Council. The first Clerk of the House was William Paine. The number of acts passed at this first sossion was sixty-one, and they will compare favorably with those of any session held since then. In this year, St. John made considerable advances in the appliances of civilization, although it had, as was to bo expected, lost many of its original inhabitants, who merely made it a temporary abiding place until they could select lands in the country in which to settle. General Benedict Arnold, the traitor, was then a resident here, and had a lumber yard near the old Fort on the Carleton side. His resi- dence was on the south side of King street, below Canterbury street. He was thp first shipowner of any pretensions in St. John, and on the 1st June, 1786, we read that "an entire new and most noble ship called Lord S/ieffield," and biult for Benedict Arnold, came through the Falls. In the same JRot/al Gazette, June 3rd, it is announced that the corporation having i)uichased two fire engines for the use of the city, and having directed one to be kept at the Market Place, Upper Cove, the other at the Market Place, Lower Cove, those who incline to join the two engine companies will leave their names with Mr. Munson Jarvis and Mr. John ColviU, merchants. On the llth July, the schooner Four Sisters is advertised to sp.il from St. John to Fred- ericton every Tuesday, wind and weather permitting. So here wo have a wonderful advance on Mr. N. Beckwith's scow of two years before. Shipping did not trouble the harbor of St. Johi. much in its infant days, and the Loyalists could. only solace erch other with the utterance of the proi)hetic hope, that "ships will come here from England yet." In Feb., 1787, a post sleigh commenced to run between St. John and Fredericton. There being no road?, the ice on the river was made available as a highway. Tiie entcrijrising proprietor of this convey- ance was L. Merecreau, evidently a Frenchman, On the I3th of the same mouth, the second meeting of the Legislature, and the last held in St. John, took place. The acts of this session were twelve in num- ber, the i^rincipal one being an act to establish the Provincial Militia. In August of this year, the Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia, after adminis- tering confirmation to a great number of persons, laid the corner stone of Trinity Church. It was opened for public worship on Li ^■ii.>.ft'., 26 THE HISTOBY 0^ ST. JOHN. Ifl Christinas day, 1791, and still stands as a monument of the religious zeal of the Loyalists, adorned with the same Royal coat of arms which they brought with them from Trinity Church, New York, when the British arn^ v evacuated that city in 1783. The first Rector of St. John was the Rev. Mr. Bissett. On the 15th July, 1788, the Provincial Legislature Avas, for the lirst time, convened at Fredericton, where its sessions have ever since been held. St. John lost nothing by ceasing to be the capital, and Fredericton made a gain. For some years after this the annals oi St. John are scanty enough. The progress of a town in popula- tion and wealth is generally of so gradual a character as to leave no special points which the historian can take hold of, and this was nota- bly the case with St. John, which, after the first burst of activity caused by the arrival of the Loyalists, for some years, must have progressed very slowly. In some remarks on Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, said to have been written by the Surveyor General of the former Province, which appear among the transactions of the Massa- chusetts Historical Society for 1794, it is said of St. John : "Itsstreets are regular and spacious, and there are many decent \\ ell-built houses. It contains about one thousand inhabitants." I assume this paper, which bears no date, to have been written about the year 17C0. In 1793, war broke out between Great Britain and France, a war which, with two short intermistjions, was destined to last for two and twenty years. A Provincial RegiM^nt was at once raised in New Brunswick, of which Governor Carlellfc was Colonel and Bever- ly Robinson Lieut-Colonel. On the-Gth May, intelligence was re- ceived here of a French privateer of 10 guns with 45 men cruising in the Bay of Fundy, and a night jiatrol was established^ Capt. llobt. Reed, with a party of "Independent Volunteers," took the first round of duty. Another guard-house was ordered to be fitted-up for the watch and a double guard placed on Lower Cove Battery. Tins work was then considered a formidable one, its guns being 18-pound- ers, and it was believed no enemy's ship could pass it. It was proposed to fit out a vessel and cruise after the Frenchman. A large privateer sloop was fitted out at St. John and sent out under Capt. Thomas, but the Frenchman prudently kept out of the way. In May, 1794, occurred the highest freshet ever known in the St. John. In June, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, the father of Queen Victoria, visited the Province. He left Halifax on the 14th. and sailed from Annapolis on tlie IGth in the Zebra sloop of war. At St. John he was received by a Capt'ain's guard of the King's New Brunswick Regiment. Attended by Governor Carleton, he hastened on to Fredericton, where he arrived on Saturday evening, the 21sl. From the river THE 11IST0R.Y OF ST. JOIIN*. 27 the roligiouB f arms which rk, when the lector of St. was, for the IS hare ever the capital, s the annals n in popula- s to leave no Ill's was nota- of activity I must have tia and Xcw uneral of tlie >f the Massa- *'Its streets built houses. e this paper, r 17C0. •ance, a wnr ast for two e raised in and Bever- ice was re- leu cruising led^ Capt. ok the tirst tted-up for tery. This 18-i)ound- LS proposed e privateer houias, but in the St. I" of Queen and sailed U St. John Jrunswiek edericton, the river bank whore he landed, the road was lined by the troops in garrison and by Capt. Jarvis' Fredericton Militia, and the town was illumin- ated. Xext niornin?;, notwithstanding the sacred charactjr of the day. Royal salutes were fired, a lev .e held, addressee presented by II. M. Council for the Province and the inhabitants of the County of York, an, tlierc was considerable fear of French attacks, both in St. John and Halifax, and tlie Provincial Regiment was ordered from Fredericton to St. John. Privateer vessels, sailing under French colors, wei-e at this time making havoc among the merchant vessels of New Bnmswick and Xova Scotia. The House of Assembly ad- dressed the Lieutenant-Governor on the .subject of procuring cruisers or guard ships to be stationed in the Bay of Fundy. Additional de- , fences were also erected at St. John, at the instance of the Lieut. Governor, which the House refused to vote money te pay for. Wil- liam Campbell was, in this year, appointed Mayor of St. John, an office which he continued to hold for more than twenty years. In this year, also, a grist wind-mill was erected on King Square on the lot on which the Ilazen "House now stands. The enterprize was abandoned in 1800. In 1790, the commissioners, under tho 5th article of the Treaty of Ghent, to determine which was the true St. Croix, were appointed. Ward Chipman of St. John was appointed Agent on the pnrt of His IJrittanic Majesty, and E. Winslow Secretary of the commission. In 1798, tho commissioners gave their decision, which was that the iScoudac was the true St. Croix of Champlain. In April, 1793, a severe ice fresh'^t in the River St. John caused much destruction on its banks. Nothing else of much moment is recorded of this year. In 1799, the Duke of Kent, who had been in England for his health, returned to Nova Scotia, and the corporation of S^. John sent himanadd,ressof welcome. Tho people of New Bruns- wick this year also showed their patriotism by subscribing £3,085^ stovling, as a voluntary contribution to the military chest for 1798. 28 THE IIIBTOBT OF ST. JOIIIT. I III Ik Prior to the beginning of the nineteen'.h century, it was not unfre- quent to see negro Blares advertised for sale in the Rittfal Oazette. Finally, the legality of slavery -was tested before the Supreme Conrt. On Feb. ISth, 1800, the Supreme Court divided equally on this question, the Chief Justice and Judge Upham holding slavery to be legal in this Province, and Jud||[es Saunders and Allen considering slavery to be illegal. It was in this year that the first proposal was made of a survey for a caa»l to connect the St. Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy, a work which, though recently delayed by the jealously of Halifax, is destined in a few years to be an accomplished fact and of enormous benefit to St. John. In 1800, the war with France was going on with as much vigor as ever, and the 4th July of that year a public fast was proclaimed in this Province on account of it. In 1801, most of the counties re- ceived grants to aid them in erecting court houses and gaols. In this year the Duke of Kent interested himself reganling the construction of a road between Halifax and Quebec. The famons St. John dog tax act was also passed in this year, the money realized therefrom to lie for the support of the poor. Tlid roads of New Brunswick about this time seem to have been in a bad way, for in Janimry, 1803, D. Campbell reported that there wei^ not ten miles of road in the Province fit for a wheel carriage, except in the County of Sunbury. In this year a change was made in the boundary lines of the several wards on the east side of the harbor. In 1806, the Public Crammer School In St. John was incorporated and the college of New Brunswick established at Fredericton. There was also a public fast this year. The crops had lai|;ely failed, owing to early frosts. The freedom of the city of St. John was voted to Lord Sheffield for the services he had rendered the trade of the country. Eiarly in January, 1806, the news of Nelson's great victory at Trafal- gar readied St. John eating rye bread. THE IIIBTOBT OF ST. JOHN. 20 IB not unfre- fifal Oazette. le Supreme I equally on ig slavery to 1 considering proposal was ence and the yed by the cconiplished luch vigor as iroclaimcd in counties re- aols. igarding the The fanions oney realized )ad8 of New d way, for in ten miles of he County of idary lines of incorporated icton. There Tailed, owing (vas voted to rade of the )ry at Traf al- iral Colling- arj* 13th. A event, which eat assembly X jrton and iking of the regulated by iitauts of St. required to iat bread is a e given up In 1806 the good i^^oplu of St. John 8e(>ni to have been under a good deal of anxiety with regard to the war with France, for, in January of that year, an order was passed that no vessel or boat should be allowed to leave the harbor of St. John without the countersign. On February 12th, Gabriel O. Ludlow, the first Mayor of St. John, died, anl was buried in Carleton. He had been I^resident and Commander-; n-Chief of the Province from the year 1803. In June, Captain Shore, with two companies of the New Brunswick Fencibles, was sent to garrison Sydney, C. B. Among the wonderful events of this year may be men- tioned an accident, which hap)>ened to the St. Andrews packet Sjieedy. While lying at anchor, a whale, or some other sea-monster, fouled itself in her cable, and actually dragged her from her anchorage for a distance of more than three miles, to the infinite consternation of those on board. In June, 1801), the lOlst Regiment, which had been in garrison at St. John, was sent to the West Indies, and part of the New Brunswick Regiment was sent to St. John to take its place. During the Sum- mer, the trooi)s were employed in making a road from Fredericton to St. John. On October 16th, 1809. a negro wench, named "Nancy," was advertised for sale in the Bcyal Gazette,hy Daniel Brown, and a good title guaranteed ; so that at that time slavery was still deemed to exist in New Brunswick. In 1811 everything pointed to a war between Great Britain and the United States. The New Brunswick Fencibles were, in February 18, gazetted as His Majesty's 104th Regiment, the first Colonial Regi- ment of the line. On October 1st five Commissioners of Customs, for a special Revenue enquiry, arrived at St. John, and on the same day an order in Council was jMssed proclaiming St. John a free port. On the SOth October the Freedom of the City was granted to Lieutenant- Colonel McCarthy of the Royal Artillery, who was about to leave the Province. In 1812 the long impending war came. War wajs not formally de- clared by the United States against Great Britain until June 18th, but the Colonists had made preparations for it long before. A public fast was proclaimed in New Brunswick, but, while the peof>le were praying, they were also sharpening their swords. On the Otwof March an act was passed appropriating the sum of £10,000 to His Ma- jesty in defence of the Province. This was a handsome donation, for the total revenue of New Bnmswick at that period was only £6,000. On the same day an act was passed, " to encoui»ge the erection of a pas- sage boat, to be worked by steam, for facilitating the communication between the City of St, John and Fredericton. This act gave certain Xiersons the exclusive privilege of navigating the St. John by steam for ten years, ao THE HISTORY OF ST. JOHX. 'Il»' ail ! United States privateers soon began to swarm on the coast, and the St. John people went into privateering on their own account. A large number of men-of-war also cruised in the Bay of Fimdy, so that be- tween the arrival of prize vessels and the excitement attending the news from the seat of v.ar, matters were kept pretty lively in St. John. The people on the bort'ers of Xew Brunswick, on both sides of the line, took no part in the contest, and this wise neuti-alitj , while it prevented useless bloodshed, also left no bitter memories after tlie war was over. General Smyth, the Administrator of the Province, on the 3rd of July issued a proclamation forbidding any one under his command from offering any molestation to the Uu States people living on the frontier of New Brunswick, or intert i ing with their goods or their coasting vessels. It may be stated in i>Assing, that the war was not only very uni>opular in Maine, but throughout the whole of New England. When the declaration of war reached Boston, all the vessels in tlio port, except three, immediately hoisted their colors half mast, and the lieoplesoon comi^elled the three to fol- low the example of the others. On the Canadian frontier and on tne sen, however, the conflict was maintained with vigor. Towards the close of this year various defensive works were erected at St. .John, Fort Fred- erick was repaired and strengthened, and batteries erected on Par- tridge Island and oth^r points, and a prominent pentagonal work was proposed to be erected at the month of the Nashwaak. A shocking occurrence happened on the 5th December, 1812, which deeply con- cerned the people of St. John. H. M. brig of war Plumpei'y bound from Halifax to St. John, was wrecked near Dipper Harbor, and up- wards of Afty persons, on boartl of her, dro,wned. She was a 12-gun brig, was commtinded by Lieut. J. Bray, and had 870,000 in specie for St. John. This was probably the most fatal shipwreck that ever took place in the Bay of Fundy. T\ere was, at this time, a demand for more troops in Western Canada,: and accordingly the NeAv Brunswick Regiment, the 104tl>, was ordered to march overland to Quebec. They left St. John under the copmiand of Major Drummoud on Feb. 11th, 1013, the people help- ing them but, as far as the roads were passable, with sleighs. Beyond that the jpurney was performed on snow shoes. Tliis march, consid- ering the season of the year and the character of the country traversed, must take its place among the greatest marchest recoitled in history. It is safe to say that such a march could not have been performed by any other men but the hardy forest pioneers of Northern America. The Regiment reached Quebec as compact and perfect as when it left St. John, without losing a man. Arnold lost move than three hundred on the shorter route by the Kennebec, and during a mild season of the year; yet Arnold's march has been lauded as a wonderful proof of tht tlu of of li8 All ahi THE inSTOllY OF 8T. JOHN. 31 coast, and the oiint. A largt' ly, 80 that be- attending tlie y lively in St, n both sides of mlitj , while it iries after the the Pi'ovince, »ny one under U« States tert iing with ted in i>a88inj(, )ut throughout : war reached Uately hoisted le three to fol- and on tne sea, Mis the close of •hn, Port Fred- ected on Par- onal work Avas A shocking ill deeply con- lumper, bound irbor, and \i\t- I was a 12-giui ,CKX) in specif reck that ever 18 in Western nt, the 104tl», Jt. John under e people help- »i}?h8. Beyond narch, consid- itvy traversed, ed in history. perfonned by lern America. s when it left hree luuidred lild season of erf ul proof of the vigor of tlic Continental troops in 177r>, Avhile thin great march of I he sons of the Loyalists is f carcely ever nientinned. For the puriH>ge of rescuing some of the names t>f tlie men of the 104th from the fate of being forgotten by their own countrymen, I apiiend the following list of the officers of the 104th Regiment, copied froni the Edinburpit Almanac and Imperial Register for 181.3. Xo doubt it rejiresents almost exactly the officers of the Regiment at the time the marvh was made : Qilonel, M. Hunt»r; Lt-Colond, Alex. Halkett; Mnnun, Wm. Drummond, Robert Moodie ; Cnjttaiiis, Thos. Hunter, (J. V.Cierau, R. Leonanl, John Maule, A. G. Armstrong, George Shore, P. Denniss, Wm. Procter, W. B. Bradley, K. Holland, R. R. liOring; Lmttentmtg, 11. H.Carmichnel, George j'obling, Andrew Rainsfoiil, Chas. Rains- ford, Siiaffaliskv, J. Al'Kinnon, .Tames De Lancey, Wm. B. Phair, Carmichncl, L. Basserer, Tliomas liconard, C. D. Rankin, Samuel Rigby, T. B. Sutlierland, Alexander Campbell, H. N. Moorson, Andrew Playfair, George Croad, J. Lo Conteur, A. C. M'Donnell. R. J. Ireland, Fowk Mooi'e, Ilenry Loneake Bay and had taken 32 THE UISTURY OF ST. JOHN. refuge on board the English men-of-war. Tliree hundred of these emanciiMted slaves arrived at St. John on the 8th June, 1810, and the people here was a gooil deal puzzled how to disjMse of them. They were, sub8e<|uently, settled at Loch Lomond, where their descendants are still numerous. News of the total defeat of Bonaparte at Waterloo was received at St. John towards the close of July, and of course the i>eople rejoiced as loyal citizens should. A jMitriotic fund was raised in all the colo- nies, as well as in the mother coimtrj', for the families of the slain and of the severely wounded in that great battle. The large sum of £l,r>00 was subscribed in St. John, the first sixteen names on one list o^Hined here giving £470. A theatrical i>erformance was given in the old theatre at the corner of Drury Lane and Union street, which i*ealized £20. That was the last time the building was used for theatrical puriMses. Towards the close of 1815, orders were received to disband the New Brunswick Regiment of Fencibles, which had been raised by General CoflSn, and they were disbanded accoixlinglj', on the January following. On Februarv 12th, 1816, the first advertisement of a steamboat to be run between St. John andFredericton, was published in the Hoyal Oazette, and on the llth of April the steamboat Otneral Smyth was launched at St. John. She was owned by J. Ward, R. Smith, H. Johnston and P. Frazer, and a considerable degree of diligence seems to have been exhibited in fitting her out, for she arrived at Frederictoa on her first trip on the 21st May. The crops this year all failed, the failure being the worst since 1805. On the 2nd Februar}', 1817, General T. Carleton, who had been Lieu- tenant Governor of the Province since itp, first inception, died in- England at the age of ?■ I. General Smyth became Lieutenant Govern- or in his place. On the 19th February, the New Brunswick Regiment, the famous 104th, was reduced. In this year a meeting r/as held in St. John for the purpose of establishing a national school. This year the popidation of New Brunswick was estimated at 85,000. It was in this year also that the first brick house was erected in St. John, — the building on the corner of Germain and Church streets, now occu- pied by Dr. Ring. The following winter was a severe one, and Halifax harbor was closed by ice for thirteen days. During the Spring of 1818, the first pine logs were brought dovm tl>c St. John from above Grand Falls, and it was in this year that citizens of the United States first began to assert territorial claims on the Madawaska and Upper St. John. About this time immigrants began to arrive in considerable nuni— liers. In June, 1810, about 3,200 immigrants, mostly disbanded Ul I h THE UI8T0RX OF ST. JOIIX. ;«$ red of these 815, and the hem. They descendantH i received at >ple rejoiced all the coIo- of the slain large sum of 8 on one list as given iii treet, which VM used for disband the en raised by the January )teamboat to in the Hot/at I Smyth was .Smith, H. Ei;ence seems Fredericton. t since 1805. I been Lieu- ion, died in ant Govern- i. Segiment, v/as held in This year )00. It was St, John, — (, now occu- harbor was !18, the first rand Falls, first began Jt. John, rable num-^ disbanded Holdien, landed in St. John. An Emigrant Register Office was estab- lished here in Ow>tob)r of that year, and for some j'ears after that time the number of inmiigrants who annually came to St. John was large. It was the beginning of a i)eriod of great commercial prositerity, of abnormal growth, which well nigh ended in utter niin. On the Slat December, 1810, St. John was visited by a tremendous sto.'m, which wrecked many vessels in the harbor. On the 20th Marcli, 18C0, the Bank of New Brunswick was established. This institution, after an interval of tlfty-flve years, still exiats, with greatly increased capital andaugmenteros{>erity. Tlie trade of St. John was increasing so fast, that in October of this same year there were aliout a hundred square rigged vestieU in St. John harbor. In 1822 the tlrst cargo of deals was sent to England. In 1824 there was a great fire in St. John, which destroj'ed much property. In this year, which was one of great inflation and supi)osi- tious prosi>erity, a steamer was started to ply between St. John and Passamaquoddy. In this year the first census was taken, and the population of the Province was found to be 74,17(i. The ix)pulation of St. John County at this time was 12,907 ; that of Northumberland was considerably more, amounting to 15,828. 'riie great event of the year 1825 was the Miramichi fire, one of tlie gi eatest calamities that ever befel a people ; but it does not belong to the history of St. John. In March, 1826, a great and destructive fire took place in Indiantown. The year 1826 was a sickly one in St. Jolm, and, in a financial point of view, the most disastrous the city has ever known. Hundreds were ruined by the reaction in England after the speculative years 1824 and 1325, and much Colonial timber was sold for le% than it had cost to convey it across the Atlantic. It was long before St. John recovered from the disastrers of 1826. In 1827 steam navigation between St. John and Digby was commenced, and has been continued to the present time, In December, 1828, the Court House on King Square was completed, a building of which the lieople of this city were then ' justly proud, for it was an ambitious departure from the prevailing order of architecture. Our forefathers having, unfortimately, got it into their heads that the city would never extend beyond King Square, put about one third of the Court House on the street, which w^ill necessitate its removal some of tliese days. In 1831 the steamer Henrietta began to j^ly between St. John and Annapolis, and on December 20th of that year there was a very de- structive storm in the Bay of Fundy. In January, 1832, Partridge Island light was destroyed by fire. In March the S^. John Water Comi^any was incori)orated and a Board of Health formed at St. John. y till [if; JfD»' 34 THE IIJSTOKY OF ST. JOHN. Ill July a vessel from New York brouglit a case of cholera to St. .Toliii, Imt she was promptly quarantined. lu (>''to! *er of this year two steaiii- ers, the WoodnticJi and .7. Ward, went tip Graiul I^ke, and brought down two hundred challrous of eoal, — the lirst brought to St. John, from that place. In October, IS/W, cholera broke out in St. Jjhn.and boats for Fred- ericton were ordered to ttop at the short ferry for inspection. Xov- cmber 8th there were 10" cases of cholera in this city, and had been 47 deaths. In this year a census of the Province vas taken, and the pojtulation of St. Jo'.m County asceitaiied to be *JO,()08, In 18.T) an Act to incorporate the Sr. '.Tohn Bridge Conipanj- Avas passed. The object was the erection of a bridge over the Falls. The eorjiorators named in the Act were B. L. Peters, Ilal]ih M. Jai'vis, Ne- liemiah Merrilt, John llobertson, James Peleis, .Jr., .lames Hendricks, David Hatfield, Robert W. Crjokshank, Hoboit Rankin, R. F. Hazen, K. L. Jarvis, Charles Siraonds, 1'^. IJ. Chandler, William Crane, Hugh Johnston, Thomas Wier, John W. Weldon, and Jedeuiah Siason. Tiie *cfti»ital stock of the Company was to consist of i;20,(J()0. On the lyth January, 1837, a great calamity befel Si. John, nearly the whole of the business part of the city being burned down. The number of houses destroyed was 115, and the damage to property was estimated at i;2iJ0,000. On Ai>j'il ."JOth of the same year steam navigation on the St. John took a decided advance. The steamer Kovelti/ reached Woodstock, being the first steamer that succeeded in ascending the Meductic Rapids. On May 20th the Provincial Banks all suspended specie payment, in sympathy with the money panic which overwhelmed America at this time. On August 7th the bridge structure over the Falls, Avhich the Company above spoken of were erecting, fell and killed seven persons. This year was signalized By troubles in Lower Canada, and in consequence the -ISd Regiment was marched overland from Fredericton to (iuebec, leaving the former place on the KUh December and reaching their destination on the 28th December. The malitia of York "and St. John Counties wei-e called out at this time, and did garrison duty. On the 2d August, 1838, a dreadful calamity happened, by the upsetting of a boat in the Falls, nineteen iiersons losing their lives. In this year the St. John Mechanics' Ipstitute was established, Beverly Robinson, Ksq., being its first President. The following year (1830) was memorable for the boundary dis- putes, bringing Great Britain and the United States to the verge of ■war. St. John was intensely excited, but war, fortunately, was averted. In August another terribly destructive lire took j lace in St. John, by which property to the value of £200.000 was destroyed. TUE HISTORY OY ST. ..OHN. 35 •a to St. Jolm, ar two steani- nnil broufjht t to St. Jolm. mts forFred- !Ction. XoA-- uitl had been keij, and tlie 'onipany was e Falls. The f . Janig, Ne- 's Hendricks, K. F. Hazen, O'rane, ITup;li Slason. Tlie Jolni, nearly down. The to iirojicrty year steam rhe St earner succeeded in incial Banks iioney jianic h the bridge cen of were gnalized By ?ginient was the former tion on the unties wei-e '2d August, , I boat in the he St. John Ks<|., being undary dis- le verge of iiatelj', was )k ilace in i defctroyed. The people of this city became seriously alarmed, and, at a Special Sessions of the Legislature, held in September, an Act for the better l)reventiou of fires in St. John was passed. On the 27th May, 1840, Sir Harvey laid the foundation stone of the St. John Mechanics' Institute building, a structure inseparably con- nected Avith the social and educational historj' of the place- On the •2od July of this year, the right Hon. P, C. Thomson, ihe Governor- General of Canada, arrived at St. John from Halifax, attended by Sir John Harvey. He was received here with nmch consideration. Tlie population of St. John County was found to be 32,9r)7. The iwpula- tion of the city proper was. liV281. The increase since the census of 1834 had been very large. On the 17th March, 1841, there was an- other destructive fire in St. John, at which four lives were lost I'ublic meetings were held about this time to i)etition Her Majesty against the removal of the duties on Baltic timber, by which Colonial Avood was protected. On the 17th August of this year the first batta- lion of the St. John City Militia, under the command of Col. Peters, was presented by His Excellency the Lieutenant Govenior with a suit of colors. On August 2Gih a calamitous fire broke out in Portland, which destroyed GO houses. The damage was estimated at £30,000. Still, the fire record of tlie year is not exhausted, for on November 1.5th there was another frightful fire in St. John, which destroyed the new market house and the building in which the public ofllces were. Many incendiary attempts made at this time, and the public mind was highly excited in consequence. July 29th, 1845, there was another great fire in St. John which destroj-ed forty buildings. On the KUh October of that year the foundation stone of the Cathedral was laid in Fredericton by Sir Wm. Colebi-ooke. In this year the St. John Gas Light Company was in- corporated, and on the evening of the 18th Sept. of the same year gas was turned on for the fjrst time. The year 1848 was one of numerous public meetings in St. John. On May 31st there was a public meeting in favor of free trade with the United States ; and on J une 20 tliere was a meeting againt the repeal of the navigation lav»?. In this year an electric telegraph was established between St. John and Calais. On the 27th February, 184!), there was another great and destructive fire in St. John on King street and King Square ; and, ^n the following montl', there was another great fire in which about one hundred houses were burned. On the 12th July of this yeov, riots wi.th loss of life occurred in our c'ltj, growing out of religious differ- tinces. The 28lh July was the date of a public meeting held at St. John to r'"»nfri ler the dei)res8ed state of the Province. At this meet- ing the Colonial Association was organized I ■ ■:• 1 36 THE IIISTOKY OF ST. JOHN. In 1851 another census of tlie Province was taken, by which it appeared that the population of St. John was 22,745. Since thai time its growth has been steady and substantial ; in 1861 its population: numbered 27,317, and in 1871 28,805. The reason of this apparent slowness of growth durinp; the last decade, is that St. John has, in a measure, overgrown its limits, and that any considerable increase hereafter can never take place in the city proper, its bounds being too circumscribed to admit of a large population. Portland, and the parishes of Lancaster and Simonds now are increased by the overilowing of the ix)pulation of St. John.. The population of St. John County in 1871 was 52,120. I do not propose to trace the history of St. John in detail beyond' the year 1850. The twenty-flve years that have elapsed since then form an era differing widely from any which preceded it. It is 8o> fresh in the :remory of a large proportion of our population that a mere sketch would seem to slight, and a full narrative would be too Jong for the purposes of this book. And these twenty-five years, though years of enormous growth, present few points of mark for the historian. A tree rises in a century from being a sapling to be the pride of the forest, yet its growth is imjierceptible, except to one who comi^ares its height and girth year by year. So it has been with St. John. It has had no period of sudden and abnormal development like Chicago ; and, although it has suffered severe disasters, none of them have been overwhelming. Among the points of which note might be taken in the history of St. John, during the past twenty-ftve years, are the erection of the suspension bridge over the Falls, the development of its railway sys- tem, the terrible cholera visitation of 1854, the opening nf the lines of railway to Shediac, to Fredericton, to Bangor, and to Halifax ; the visit of the Prince of Wales to St. John, and the commence- ment and abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States, the latter being the origin of the present development of manufactures in St. John. As it is, I have traced St. John through it» various stages of growth, through the French aswell as through the* English Colonial j^eriod ; from a wilderness condition to that of a wealthy and pojiulous city, and a great i>ort known all over the worl d» i' ST. JOHN AXD IT3 BUSINESS. 37 )y which it ce tiiai tinie ) population in^ the last I limits, and place in the it of a large nd Sinionds )f St. John.. tail beyond since then it. It is so> ation that a oiild be too r-five years, >f mark for tpling to be ccept to one 8 been with evelopment rs, none of s history of :tion of the ailway sys- r>f the lines o Ilalifflx; commence- he United opment of through it& hrough the- that of a le worlds E2KI»I^ESS XiiaSTE. — o St John River and North Shore Steamers. -0 Office "No. 41 Dock Street. Among the steamboat men of a former i)eriod, who have done so much to facilitate travel by water conveyance and contributed to the growth of the business of St. John and its noble river, the name of Enoch Lunt will be pleasantly remembered. He was bom in Queen's County, N. B., in 1799. lie was bred to the lumbering business, which he carried on verj' extensively in this Province, and began his steamboat enterprise by becoming a stockholder in the old steamer New Brunswick in 1840. He subsequently purchased the little steamer Lawrence, which ran on Grand Lake, and afterwards on the river between St. John and Fredericton. He then built, in 1860, at Carleton, the steamer Heather Bell—a boat 150 feet keel and 300 tons— and ran her on the same route till she was destroyed by fire at Fredericton in 1865. The same year he built, at Carleton, the steamer Olive, of about 450 tons, for the St. John and Fredericton route, on which she still continues. In 1867 he also built, at Carleton, the lai-ge and splendid river steamer Rothesay, of 200 feet keel, 29 feet beam, or 55 feet over guards, and of 839 gross tonnage. She was built by the Messrs. Olive, from models and si)eciflcations furnished by M. S. Allison, a cele- brated steamboat builder of Jersey City. She is in every respect a flrst-class vessel, thoroughly appointeil*, liaving five saloons, is swift of speed, and is con»idered the finest steanier on pur inland waters, and a general favorite. A sail up the river to Fredericton, which is her route, is a pleasurable trip, and, at the proper season, discloses scen- ery grand and beautiful, in many respects equaling the beauty of the famous Iludsen, divei-sifled iwith lofty forest -crowned siiorea and ex- panding bays. He then, in 1870, built, at Carleton, the fine steamer City of St. John, 175 feet in length and f^ver 700 gross tonnage. She is also from models and specifications furnished by the same steamboat architect who furnished them for the Rothesay. This steamer is finely appoint- ed, and a gi-eat favorite on the route where she so satisfactorily serves the public travel. By this steamer the people of the North Shore of New Brimswick are put in easy communication with each other's ports and bj' rail I' : i|ii' Ik 38 EXPHES8 LIXE OP STEAJtERS. with St. John and Ilalifnx, and travellers from the latter, or from tho States, either on husiness or pleasure, are well served. She leaves Point du Chene, on the Straits of. Xorthun^herland, upon the arrival of trains on the Intercolonial Railway from the west, sailing up the Straits, with Prince Edward's Island flanking the prospect on the east, and making her fii'st stop at RichibuQto, a town on the llichi- biicto river, abont fifteen miles from the see. Thence she goes to Miramichi Bay and up the J^liramichi river forty miles, to Chatham, a thriving town, engaged largely in stoam mill- ing and lumbering. Six miles further up tlie river she reaches the thrift}" village of Newer. stle, the business of which is lumbering and shipping. Thence down the river Again, and around the Shippe- gan and Miscou islands, she enters the waters of the Bay de Chaleur and reaches Bathurst, the Shire town of Gloucester County. This is the great salmon gi'ound, and the business of the town is the salmon and lobster fisheries, the products cf which are here canned in gi'eat (|uantities. On the opposite sJioro, in the Province of (iuebec, are the famous salmon grounds of Paspebiac and Cascapedia, which annually attract large numbers to engnge in the business or sport. Tlie steamer tlien calls at Dalhousie, at the head of the Bay and mouth of the Resti- gouche river, noted for its salmon and lobster fisheries, the approach to which is among the n;agnificent and picturesque scenery of the Restigouche. The route then continues up this charming river eight- teen mles,tothe head of navigation at Campbellton, from which place a beautiful drive of sixteen miles brings one to ^ietai>edia, at the iunction of the Restigouche and Metapedia rivers, a locality abound- ing in the most charming and picturesque scenery and finest fishing — a region which onco- visited is never to be forgotten, and when its attractions arc once experienced, it is difftcult to resist a second visit. This point is the terminus of the steamer's route, which, along the coast and up the seveml rivers that give such variety to the sail, makes a travel of three hundred miles — a round trip over Avhicli is made once a week. Summer pleasure ti-avellers, who seek for cool and invigorating air, delight in varying and beautiful scenery, which ocean, bay, river and landscai>e afford, and who take j)leasure in tho pursuits illustrated by Izaac AValton, will find on the ^orth Shore and on this route all the material and facilities necessary to make a sum- mer jaunt aijrecable and full of lasting recreation. Those Avho have visited and sojourned in this region have come away full of enco- miums of its attractive features, and tliousjvuds will continue to do the same. In 18(54 Mr. Lunt associated with him in the steamboat business his two sons, Josepli A. and Reuben G. Lunt, who had for many years been connected witii their fatlier in the lumbering and shijjping busi- ness and assisting in the njanagement of his steamboat interests, and the name of Jvxpress Line w«s then taken. At Mr. Lunt's death, in 1873, the sons, in honor of their father, made the firm style EnDch ■Lunt & Sons. r from tlio 3he leaves he arrival ng up llie !Ct on the the Richi- river forty oam niill- Dacht's the )ering and le Shippe- le Chaleur '. This is he salmon id in gi-eat lie fanKDUs Ily attract iimer tlien the Resti- approach ?rv of the ver eight- [lich place ia, at the abound- "st fishing when its !ond visit. along the the sail, which is for cool ry, which e in the iliore and ;e a suin- vho have of enco- ue to do siness his my years ing biisi- ests, and leath, in le Ent)ch ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSTXE8S, 39 INTERNATIONAL STEAMSHIP COMPANY. — — n- St. John, Eas^mt, Portland and Boston Line. H. W. Chisholm, Agent, St. John. SiKAJinoAT Xavigatiox between St. John and the West dates back jnst half a centurj-. The magnificent steamer Tom Tlmmb made its little bow in St. John harbor in 1824. The next year the Ameri- can Eagle plied between St. John and Easti>ort. Other and larger boats succeeded from time to time, and extended communication westward, till they reached Boston via Eastport and Portland. James Whitney's name is prominently connected with this navigation. About 184.5, James Cunningham, of Boston, jnit on the ilne boats. Admiral and Senator — the former being soon ijurc^'i&od by the Enst- port i>eople, and the latter sent to California waters, where she now runs. The International Steamship Company was foraied in 1860. Their first boat, the New Brunswick, bi:ilt expressly for the route, made her first trip May 7, 1861, Cant. E. B. Winchester in commands Tliey then purchased from the Calais Company the Eastern City, Cftjit. Enos Field, and from the Eastport Company the Admiral, selling the latter shortly to the American Government for war purposes. The Eastern City and New Brunswick made the line till 1863> wlien the New Eng- land, built for the route, came on the line, and the Eastern City was sold to tho American Govemnieut, and Capt. Field took command of the New Eoglaud. The New England was wrecked on the " Wolves " July 22, 1872, and tho following year the City of Portland, under command of Capt. S. II. Pike, took her place on the route. In 1865 they bought the fast and splendid steamer New York, which had previously been brought here from Lake Ontario by Messrs. Small & Ilatheway and run in opposition, and then sold to E. A. Souder & Co., Philadelphia, She was a flag of truce boat during tho American war, and a great favor- ite. Capt Chisholm brought her from Ontario and was in command all through the wai', and in the International Line till 1869, when he came ashore at St. John to assume the Agency of tho Line, and was S'licceeded by Capt. Winchester. All these boats ai'e rising 1000 tons, first-class in every respect, and reniarkablo for their regularity of their trips. Tlie New York lias made the passage from St. John' to Boston in 22^ hours, being a speed of about seventeen miles an hour, a run which has never been beaten. The Line makes speedy and comfortable communication with the West, making three round trips in summer and two in winter months, and is finely oflScered. T. C. llersey is President, II. J. Libby, Secre- tary ; J. B. Coyle, Chief Engineer, all of Portland. 40 ST. JOHN ASD ITS UrSINESS. P nnion Line Bay and Eiver Steamers. SMALL & HATHBWAY, Head Office 39, SmaU's Block, Dock Street. The Union Line has served the public in steam-passenger facili. ties on the St. John Biver and across the Bay for many years. Mn Frederick W. Hatheway built steamer Forest Queen, of about 320 tons, at Spring Hill, above Fredericton, in 1848, which plied between St. John and Fredericton. Mr. Otis Small bought a half-interest in this steamer in 1850. Tliey then built, at Fredericton, the Anna Augusta of "350 tons, for the same route. It was at this time that the firm of Hatheway & Small was formed. In 1851 they built^ in Carl -ton, the steamer Union, of about 400 tons, to ply on the river and tributaries. In the winter of 1850 they bought steamer Creole in New York, the same which was con- nected with the unfortunate Lopez expedition to Cuba. Bepairing her, they 1|{i her on the route between St. John and Portland for about two jmra They then sold her to King Brothers, of Nova Scotia, to carry mails and i)assenger8 between St. John and Annapolis. Meet- ing with accident, and while under tow to St. John for repairs she sank in the Bay. In 1851 they bought the small steamer Madawaeka, which was ininning on the river between Grand Falls and St. Francis, hauled her acrosa the portage, and ran her on the river and tributaries below the Falls. Tlie same year they bought the Beindeer, a small steamer of 200 tons, with high and low pressure engine and light draft, to ply on the river to Woodstock and Grand Falls. They rebuilt her in 1662, changing her name to Antelope. Sold her in 1869 to D. Glazier & Son. She is now used as a tug boat on the river. In 1853 they built the small stem-wheel steamer Bichmond to ply on the upper waters; and in 1855 bought the steamer John Warren, which was built in Woodstock to run in opposition. Both of these boats have passed out of existence. They bought the St. John in 185t, a steeple engine steamer of about 800 tons, and continued her on the Fredericton route fdr about seven years, selling her and steamer Union about 1863. The St. John was lost off Cape Hatteras. In 1857 they built steamer Emperor,!of ITNION LIKE BAY AND RI\£B 8TEAMEB8. 41 800 tone, at Carleton, which they ran at tiret to Portland and Boston and afterwards in the Bay of Fundy. She was sold in 1871 and wrecked in Penobscot Bay in 1872. Built steamer Empress of 660 tons in 1865 to run between St. John, Digby and Annapolis, on which route she still runs in summer. In 1861 they bought steamer New York of 1000 tons at Ogdensburg, N. Y., and brought her down the Lachine Rapids and St. La^ .ence river, and put her on the St. John, Kastport, Portland and Boston route. Chartered her one winter to the American government for war puri)oses, and sold hei in 1663 to K. A. Souder & Co., Philadelphia, who sold her to the International ComiMmy for the St. John and Boston route. She is now the finest boat on the line, having been in charge of same captain and engineer since she was brought here from Ogdensburg. The firm of llatheway & Small was dissolved by the death of Mr. llatheway in 1866. A few months after, Mr. Small formed a partnership with Capt. Charles IT. llatheway, brother of the deceased, who had been master of the Forest Queen from 1849 till 1860, having a third interest in her from 1854. He had also, previously, an interest in the Emperor, Empress and Antelope. The new firm purchased all the steamboat interests of the de- ceased. Tliey also, in 1866, built the river steamer David Weston ^uamed after a master in the emplqy of Hatheway & Small from the beginning) a fine boat of 765 tons, for the St. John and Frederie- ton route on which she now runs. The next year they built the swift steamer Fawn, of 621 tons, for the same route, and in 1869 built the May Queen, of 502 tons, to run on the river and Grand Lake. These three are superior boats, well adapted for passenger travel and other business. In 1871 Mr. Small imrchased for the firm, in London, the steel- plated, feathering-float side-wheel steamer Scud. She is 235 feet in length, 14 feet hold and 27 feet beam, has two tnmk engines of 60 inches cylinders, and 4 feet stroke, aggregating 240 nominal horse power. She was built expressly for the mail and passenger service across the channel between Dover and Calais, to run on that rough water on time. She has made 21 knots per hour. After purchasing, they put a dining saloon and other works on deck,. She runs, in winter months, across the Bay of Fundy in connection with the Anna- polis and Halifax railway, and for sjieed, regularity and comfort is most admirably adapted to the route and is deservedly a favorite vessel* During the i>ast severe winter she has n»t lost a trip. Her berth is at Reed's wharf. The Union Line of Messrs. Small & Hatheway fills a worthy ];dace in St. John and its business connections, and from the beginning +0 the present time they have been proprietors of seventeen different steamers. f 42 UNIOX LINE II AY AND IIITJ'R STEAMEnS. PERSOXAL IIISTOTIY. Mr. Frederick W. Ilathoway was bom in Burlon, on St. JTobn river in 1811 ; moved to Lancaster 1818, where lio eng||iged in milling thence to Fredericton in 18.33, engaging in mei*canttle bjisiness, lum- bering and supplying, and moved to St. John in ]8.')2 and died in 18GG. Charles II. llatheway was born in Lancaster 1822, went to Fredericton 1834, and came to St. John in 1848, and was master of the Forest Queen eleven years. Otis Small was bom in Wales, State of Maine, in 1808 ; learned the mason's trade in Portland, Me., and, in 1830, when 21 years old, moved to Bangor, where he pursued his trade. He came to St. John just after the great Are of 1839, which laid in ashes so large a i^rtion of the wood-built business district about Dock street and North Wliarf, and built on contract a large portion of the brick buildings in the burnt district, encountering agreat deal of opposition, lie has erected nearly one half of the brick structures now standing in the city. Among the prominent structures erectetl by him were the Custom House, in '1842-43; the Lunatic Asylum, in Carleton, in 1847-48, and the towers of the Suspension Bridge. lie also built in Fi*edericton the beautiful Episcopal Cathedral, St. Ann's Chapel, Barker Block, and a i^ortion of the militayy barracks He was a prominent mover in the erection of the Victoria Hotel, and is President of the Victoria Hotel Company. During his active career here he has exhibited an in- domitable enorgj' and perseverance, and his enterprise and public spirit have largely contributed to the i^rosperity of St. John. THE OrEUA HOUSE. In 1871, Mr. Small erected a fine block, in Dock street, of eighty- three ft. front ami equal to four stories in height, with gothic windows and covered with mastic. The lower floor is occupied by stores, and the whole of ^the ui^per portion is thrown into a high and spacious hall, with roof supported by arches resting on columns, which also support the galleries around the walls. The stage is deep and well adapted for operatic entertainments. The sittings are on a rising- floor, and will accommodate about a thousand persons. The street access to the hall is wicje, and the whole arrangement is admirably adapte'1) ITS UUSINESS. 43 . John river in milling isiness, lum- )2 and dii'd 822, went to laster of the ; leanied the s old, moved Im just after )rtion of tlip I Wliarf , and in the humt ected nearly Among the II House, in I the towers he beautiful Ml a ix>rtion mover in he Victoria ihited an iu- and public n. t, of eighty- lie "windows stores, and id spacious which a\sa sp and well on a rising The street I admirably )r, with the . It is onor The Intercolonial Railway/ 0- C. J. BRV»GES, General $$ii|it. R. 1.1 TTREL.!^, To WKiTE the history of tlie various negotiati'.nit. with regard to the Intercolonial Kaihvay, would be a task of too great magnitude for the limits of this article. The idea of uniting the ^laritiuie Pro- vinces with (^leltec, by a line of railway, is one which Avas broached at an earlj' period, t;nd many vigorous and no doubt sincere efforts Avere niaas by the governments of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the old Provinct^of Canada to bring it about. All these efforts, however, failed for various causes, which it would take long to enum- erate and the Intercolonial Kaihvay, notwithstanding the fact that its route had been twice surveyed, first by Major Robinson l:i i849, and by Sandford Fleming in 1804, was, at the consummation of confeder- ation, still an idea. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, however, find- ing there was no chance for the larger plan, went on building rail- ways, which eventually became parts or branches of the Intercolonial. In this way the road from Halifax to Truro and the branch to Wind- sor, were built by the Government of Nova Scotia, and also the branch from Ti'uro to Pictou. New Brunswick built a railway from St. John to Shediac, which was opened in 1859, and was in course of building eastward from Monet on towards Amherst, when Confederation was accomplished. The construction of an Intercolonial Railway be- tween Quebec and Halifax was a part of the terms of the British North America Act, 1S07, by which the Provinces, which now form the Dominion of Canada, were united under one Government. Then commenced a battle of the riJiites, which was waged vigorously for a year or more, — the advocates for the St. John Valley route, the Central route and the North Shore roiite,— each contending in speech- es, letters, newspapers and pamphlets, that their particular route was the best. Eventually, the North Shore route via the Gulf and Bay Chaleur was adopted, and this year will witness the entire completion of the Intercolonial Railway, except the bridge over the North-West Branch of the Miramichi, which has been delayed owing to the ttiffi- culty of obtaining a proper foundation. The main line of the Intercolonial, from Halifax to Riviere du Loup, where it joins the Grand Trunk, is 561 miles in length. Its n 44 THi: IX'lKUfOr.OMAL UAII.WAV. jil}: braiu'lu'y nrc, n brnncli 32 niilt'H iMiipj toWiinlt^ur, ii brnncli Tc* iiiiU'S lonf>' from Tviiro td Pictoii, a lirancli 1 1 niili's loii)^ to Point ilu Clu'iu'. n l»riincl»fi0 iiiiles long to St. Joliii, a b"niKi '.> niih s loii-;- lo Cli.'ithniii, and a bvancli, projectefl, 4 niilcs lonf;' li» i)HlIuiiisie. TIic saugo of tbc road is 4 fe el 8.^ inches, the nhler lortions of tlieline, -svliich originally were 5 feet (> inches, having be mi ciianf^ed on llie Ifttli and 10th of June of tliis yoni*. The Intercohmial "svas built imder tlie management of four eoniniissioners, of -.vhom the ]n'esent Sujierin- tendunt Avas one, and, in jioint of eoniplettness and excellence, is among tlu> finest roads on tliis Continent. All the bridges of 24 feet span and over, with n few trifling exceptions, are of iron, its vails are of steel of the weight of 70 lbs. to the lineal yard : its masonry, em- bankments and permanent way generally, are all lirsl-dass. Its rolling stock is the best that money can buy or build. The total cost of the Intercolonial Kaihvay, nuiin line and branches, has not fallen much short of $.">.'»,( M)O,t)()0, and although dtvarfeil by the Canada Pacific, it still remains a won*lerful example of persis- tency, determination and enterprise on the ])art of a little grou^) of colonies by no means rich, its workshops and repair shops ut; Moncton, the head(piarters of the line, are on a very extensive scale, and employ upwards of ;>0<> men. Even their great cai)acity for Avork has been severely taxed of late by the preparations rendered nece>- Bary by the change of gauge, in the cutting d(n\n of engines, cai-- axles, etc. Tho Intercolonial Railway runs tlirough a region., much of which is still in a state of nature, and the development. of which will eventually become one of the princijial benefits of the construction of the road ; for, as a throngli route to the sea, from Quebec, it is longer than the ror.ds Avhich run AvestAvard from St. John. By the Intercolonial from (Quebec to St, John is T-SO miles ; to Halifax 087 miles, and tv-> Pictou()78 miles, Eut the obvious ad- vantages of having a road Avholly tlirough Eritish territory, are not to be lost sight of, and, in that point of vicAv, the Intercolonial Raihvay must be regarded as a most important Avork, to say noth- ing of its great value as a means of opening up the country tlirough Avhich it passes. The existence of the Intercolonial Avill always prevent Canada from being cut in 1\ao by arbitrary or capricious customs regulations, made at Washington Avith reference to the carriage of bonded goods. While we maintain the Inter- colonial, the link that binds the Provinces of Canada together can never be broken by a foreign power. ST. .TOTIV A\n ITS UL'SINKHS. 4o nnch 52 miles MUtdu Clu'iu'. p to Cliiithniii, Till' stuipe III' lie lint', -wliu'li 1 tilt' li=*tli nn'S of 1.'4 feet 11, il8 vails* ai'f niuponvy, hiii- irst-c'lflr'.s. Its !anilbran('Iiei<, h d warf eil by iiple of pevsi*- little group of pair .shojis al. xtciisive ^cali', lacity for work eiidered ni'Ct'.'«- oiif(ine.s, car- ;h a regioiir ; devclopnient benelils of tlip tlio .>ea, from ,vard from St. is ."80 miles ; le obvious ad- lerritory, are Jntorcoloiual ,to say uotli- tlie coimtry rcolonial ^vill arbitrary or .vitli reference in the Iiiter- togetber can European and North American Kailway. Ci. K. .1 EWI^TT, Vrvn, ^I. II. A^VCiKLL, Mlipt. H. I). ^cL.]:OI>, AHMt. Hu|»t. This Raiiavay, wliicb i,'ivt','» tbe people of Xow Brunswiek and tbe United State.s e!\.«y niid rapid intercommunication and a l)ettter commercial and social acipiaintanee, was a part of tbe grand idea .formed in 18.")0 for sluirtening tbe route to Europe by railhvay con- nection witb ocean yteamsbips at tbe most feasible eastern ])oinl. A convention was beld in I'ortland, at vvbicb the late John A. Poor and otber leading railroad men took part, and tbe movement simul- taneously engaged tbe attention of prominent minds ir \tw Bruns- vvifk and Nova Scotia. Tbe turning of tbe first sod in tbis great scheme in St. John, Sept. 14tb, 18."»3, of tbe section between tbis city and Sbediac, Avill be remembered as one of tbe greatest civic page- ants which has ever occurred here. Although there were long de- Jays, tbe whole grand enterprise has been accomplished, and tbe In- tercolonial and E. ifc X. A. Kaihvays are now a part of the great rail- way chain from Halifax to San Francisco. To the men of Maine and New Brunswick, whose genius and energy initiated and carried to completion the road between St. John and Bangor, there is no danger of giving too much credit. It was a great and expensive enterprise, attended with great financial difficul- ties. Bangor loaned its credit for 81,000,000. Tbe Revolutionaiy claims of Jiainc and Massachusetts upon the American government, were obtained in its aid, amounting to nearly $1,000,000. The State of Maine granted 800,(*00 acres of valuable timber land, and Pangor citizens subscribed largely. On its end of the line New Brunswick aided by a subsidy of #10,- (XKtper mile, and ^200,000 subscribed by private individuals, and, subsequently, the Province took §300,000 in stock and St, John City SOO,t)00. Under the energetic direction of Mr. E. R. Burj-oe, whose motive power has bsen felt in the undertaking from the start, the Western Extension, to the Maine boundary, was opened Dec. 1st, 1866. Tbe Maine section was opejied as far as Mattawamkeag a month previous, and it was not till 1871 that the whole line was completed and opened, which at Bangor, Oct. 18, and at the boundary line at Vancebor©', Oct. 19, of that year, was made the occasion of a grand 46 EUKt>l'KAN AM) M>llTll AMEUUAX RAILWAY. and ini])OHin<; intt'inaliunal imp'ant, honored by tlie prcHeiiCti ^^f the Pre8i(U.'nt of tht: L'liitt'd St.itfs niul lueiiibtTf* of hix cahinct, tho (lovonior (uMR'i'.il of the Dominion and i»rini'ii>al otriciult*, and the fhi»'f niagiHtratt'S of Maine and New JJriiiiswick. The Maine and New Brnnswick wctionHof the vmid were under the management of the nepamte conipanies under winch they were (lon^lructed till Dec. 187.'(, when they were conbolidaled, with head- • luartersat Bangor. Jl is one of tli^ le«t Imilt roads in the country, and finely eiiuipped, and only need^ a bridge across tiie St. John to make a continuous rail between the Kiist iind the West. The Kuropean and North American Hallway has other claims to consideration tiiiin tliose which it derives from its character as a through road. IJy means of it St. .lolin is brought into easy and- rapid communication with Fredericlon, the ca]»ital of the Province, with Woodstock, an important town on the St. John, and with St. Stephen, Calais and St. Andrews on the St. Croix. \iy means of it loo, when the 1-iake Megautic road is completed, St. .lohn will be brought within 440 miles by rail of Mt)ntreal, and will be in a position to compete Avith Portland for the winter shipment of freight from the Upper Provinces. At present there is a break of gauge at Bangin- — the European and Nt)rth American llailway being on a gauge of .'• feet (5 inches, a gauge imposed on the tirand Trunk by the people of Portland; but the change of gauge on the Intercolonial will sh.irtly bring abi)ut a re- duction of the gauge of this line to 4 feet 8A inches, and this will tend greatly to facilitate transport between St. John and the West. STEAM COMMUNICATION. Vli ' ' Within the last thirty years Saint John has witnessed a remarkable increase in its modes of comnmnicatiou with other places. Previous- ly the Province had no railways, and all the land communication was by the tedious, uncomfortable and often hazardous journey over hundreds of miles of the Great Roads, which were the channels of communication. (Quaint, old-fashioned steamers, small in size and limited in passenger accommodation, ran in the sunmier months, and AY. •owiice ((f llie I cabinet, tho eiul», ami the 1(1 were iiiuler ii'li tliey were ed, with heail- II the country, In- St. John to ht'i' chiinis to •haructer as a nto easy amV the Province, , and with St. y means of it . John will be e in a position f freiglit from European and uches, a gauge tland ; but the ig about a re- and this will id the West. STEAM COMMUMCATIoy. 47 I a remarkable ces. Previous- onimunication journey over le channels of 11 in size and v months, and carried the few whose business coinpollcMl tlioin to come thlH far "Down Kiist." In the winter the journey could only be nuide by rtleigliH, and in the more rigorous* iu("ith« the i)ro«iM'ct was MitHcient to daunt all, save the most hardy, fr un encountering the discomfort.* of a lonesome drive through a sparsely inhabited «ounlry. Thosf who remember tlie oM North America, of that pioneer steamboat owner, James Whitney, or were tossed on the waves of Fundy in the curious tubs, Mai«l of Krin, Creole, and otlier boats now nearly for- gotten, will remember the days of the past with interest but not with regret. It was tlien that the peo])lo looked forward to railways as a reality of tiie dim future. The most sanguine hoi)e the river in one or the other of these steamers, making, if he chooses, the return by the railway which runs from Frederictou and connects with the Consolidated railway at Fredericton Junction. The sketches of the principal lines above-mentioned have been given in the preceding pages. They contain many interesting and valuable facts and will well repay i^erusal. :' 48 ST. JOHN A3fD ITS BUSINESS. I'll ' 'K THE PRESS OF ST. JOHX. The city of St. John has, almost from the lirst, enjoyed the facili- ties of general intelligence afforded by that wonderful adjunct of modem civilization-i-the public jn-ess. Almost with the lirst landir.g of the Loyalists, who bronnjlit hither the nucleus of a city, and with them culture and intelligence, the newspaper has sprang into being. It is not our purpose to give the historj of the various publications which shed their light on a former generation, and which are now themselves extiuguished. The longest lived was the Xeio l}nm,niAck Courier, which continued from 1811 to 180r>. Quite a number have had an ephemeral existence and are quite forgotten. W*^ have only space to outline the Press now living, and subserving, with such varied ability, the moral and political interests of a newspaper-reading people. THE ST. JOHN DAILY XKWS has the honor of be'^'.^^" the oldest of the list. It was !?tarted in 1838 s a tri-weekly morning paper with a w(>ekly issue, by George E. Fenety, Es(|, Its price was one i»enny— being the first penny paper ever established in the British Empire. It was originally of about foolscap size, l)ut from time to time Avas enlarged, and in 18()3 was the largest morning paper in St. John. Its founder was an advocate of Liberalism, and was especially earnest in his advocacy ot Res- ponsible Government, which he; had the satisfaction of seeiftg an ac- complished fact. Mr. Feiii ;y became Queen's printer for Xew Bruns- wick in 1863, and placed the New^ in charge oi Mr. Willis as Editor and General Sfanager, himstJ<" ,lill retaining OAvnership. In I*ec., 18(5'), Air. Fenely sold the News office anc' paper to Messrs. EdAVxrd Willis, James Davis and Stephen Smith, the latter soon re- tiring, after which the establishment was conducted by Willis it Davis till 1872, Mr. Willis still retaining his former position on the paper. In December, 18(58, it started out in a daily issue, in addition to its tri-weekly and weekly issues, Avliich it has continued till the present. It was soon after enlarged to its present size. In 1872 Mr. Willis purchased !Mr. Davis's interest, and managed the paper until July, 1873, when he gave Mr. 31ott, who had been accountant in the concern for several >ears, an interest in the paper and print- ing establishment. Mr. Willis manages the editorial and Mr. Mott the business department. Mr. Willis has rejn'esented the City and Co':nt. John 'n the cond lei'Ui uf ears, an .1 low is, a member of the New Brunswick Goveniment. The Xe^'jit was among the iirst advocates of Confederation, and is a strong supporter of Free, Non-sectarian Schools. It has three issues— a daily, tri-weekly and weekly. Mr. Willis was formerly editor of the Courier, and manager of the office when he left to assume charge of the Xeios^ and still previous to that was editor and proprietor of the Western Itccorder, which he l)ublished in Carleton for several years. SAINT .JOHX (ii.oni:. Next in age is the Globe, a daily evening paper, which was started in 18r)8 by !Mr. lloss Woodrow. A few years previous he had been engaged in publisliing the Morninij Tuiiet. Newspapers then were not published oftener than tri-weekly, and he conceived the idea of publishing the paper in a daily issue, but as public opinion was not ripe for such an enterjjrise, and his means were limited, he failed in the undertaking. In 1856 he commenced a weekly paper called the British Constitu- tion, which meeting with a fair success, he again sounded the popular pulse on the ipiestion of a daily paper, and in 1858 started the Dailif Jiloeniiuj Globe, wliich was in the interest of tlie regular Liberal party, which was headed by Hon. S. L. Tilley. After running it ab6ut two years, he sold out to John V. Ellis and Christophrv Armstrong in December, 1861. !Mr. Armstrong came irom Ireland when very young, and learned the printing trade in the Mormny Kews office with Mr. Fenety. Mr. Ellis is a native of Hali- fax, where he learned the printer's trade, lie came to St. John about eighteen years ago, and served as reporter on the editorial staff of the Morning Neics and other papers. The Globe occupied premises at the corner of Princess and Canter- bury streets, in rooms formerly occupied by the Colonial Empire (and the Telegraph was in tlie same buildi?i^) in November, 1864, when both were burnt out. But neither lost an issue. The offlice was tlien moved to the premises recently occupied by the Tribune, but in 31 ay, 1871, the proprietors purchased and moved into the spacious bui4ding on Frince William street which they now occupy. Both being practical printers as well as Avriters, success attended their enterprise, and the paper, in May, 1807, was enlarged to pages of seven colunms, and in July, 1874, to eight columns, with in-opor- tionate increase in length; The Globe maintained the political character with which it started until the Liberal party divided on tlie question of Confederation, Avhen it sided with the oitponents of the Confederation policy. The Globe has a weekly issue. m n ■ ?■ iy 4'.-;; i '• 50 THE PRESS OF ST. JOHN. THE DAILY TELEGRAPH. The Telegraph is the product of the union of two papers. Mr. John Livingston, in 1802, started the Tehgmph as a tri-weekly and weekly. In June, 1864, it was issued as a morning daily, and continued thus about a year, and, though a credit to tlie enter])riee of the proprietor, proved ahead of its time. It then went back to its tri-weekly issue. Mr. William Elder started the Morning Journal in ilay, 1865, as a tri-weekly and weekly. The proprietors of tlie two papers conceiving that the time had come for the i^ermaneut establishment of a daily morning paper, effected a union in 1860. The Telegraph, being the elder, led off in this union, and the new paper Avas designated The St. John Telegraph and Monnng Journal, with Mr. Tiivingston as proprietor, and Mr. Elder as leader writer. By this miion a large list was secured for the daily and weekly issues, and improved machinery was introduced. But its journalistic was greater than its financial success. lu 1871 Mr. Livingston sold the establisment to Mr. Elder at a pretty high iigure and retired from the paper. The editorial staff was then reorganized in all its depart- ments, and the establishment has been under Mr. Elder's sole pro- prietorship and management since. In 1873 the compound name was cliftnged to the more simple title of The Daily Telegraph. During the year past, Mr. Elder was ably assisted by ^Ir. Livingston in tliB editorial department till the latter started The Watchman. Mr. James Hannay, a barrister by profession, and deeply versed in the history of the Maritime Provinces, as well as in its staple industries, now occupies the chief place on Mr. Eldor's staff. Mr. Elder is well read and a forcible writer, and is a m^'mber of the Provincial Legis- lature. The Telegraph devotes itself not only to politics, but gives a large share of its attention to trade and commerce and the great industries of the City and Provinces. The circulation of both the daily and weekly attest the fidelity with which all these interests have been cared for. The office is finely organized in its mechanical department, which is in charge of Mr. Hugh Finlay, and connected with it is a finely appointed job oflice under the supervision of ^Ir. A. F. Lugrin. THE MOItMX(r FHEKMAX. Hon. Timothy W. Anglin, who was born and educated in Ireland, came to this city in 1848, and the next year, as proprietor and editor, started the Morning Freeman as a weekly paper, and shortly after issued a tri-Aveekly, both of which he still continues. Mr. Anglin sat for St. John County in the Xew Brunswick Assembly from 1861 to 1866. THE PRESS OF ST. JOHN. 51 pers. Mr. John kly and weekly, continued thuai : the proprietor, ri-weekly issue. May, 1865, as a ,pers conceiving ment of a daily n, and the new onnnff Journal, der as leader ily and weekly its jouraalistio (ivingston sold nd retired from n all its depart- Ider's sole pro- ound name was ph. i\Ir. Livingston ''atch'nian, ^fr. y versed in tlie aple industries, r. Eldev is we) I ovincial Legis- it gives a large freat industries the dailj' and jsts have been al department, id with it is a . A. F. Liigrin. ed in Ireland, tor and editor, I shortly after Mr. Anglin sat in 1801 to 1860. wlien he was defeated on the question of Confederation. lie has sat for Gloucester in the Dominion House of Commons since the Con- federation, being returned by acclamation at last general election. He was elected Speaker in March, 1874. THE WEEKLY PBESS. The Helu/iouH Intelligencer — organ of the Free Baptist denomi- nation — was established in 1853 by Rev. E. ^McLeod, It was first issued as a monthly, and in its second year became, and has since c'outinued, a weekly. At Mr. McLeod's death in 1867, his son, Rev. Jos. McLeod, residing in Fredericton, succeeded as proprietor and editor. Geo. W. Day was the first publisher, and the paper is now issued from the office of Barnes & Co. The Christian Visitor — organ of the Associated Baptist Churches of New Brunswick — was started in 1847 by Geo. W. Day, and edited by Rev. E. D. Very. In 1848 it was purchased by the Baptist Associa- tion. Rev. I. E. Bill is now projirietor and editor. It is j^ublished bj' Barnes & Co. The Presbyterian Advocate, in the interest of the Presbyterians, was started about 1867 by Mr. John Livingston, editor and proprietor, and l)ublisheil at the Telegraph office. The old Colonial Presbyterian was merged in the Advocate in 1869. The Watchman is a new candidate for popular favor, commencing May 1st, 1875. The proiwietor and editor is Mr. John Livingston, long and well known in the newspaper field. It is a finely printed paper, from the office of Messrs. McKillop iS: Johnston. In politics it is in opposition to the present Dominion Government, and is a s])rightly and readable paper, which will undoubtedly make its mark. The Nexo Dominion and True ILunorist was started in 1864 under the name of the True Humorist. Its present title was assumed on the advent of Confederation in 1867. Mr. George W. Day is editor and proprietor. The paper is devoted to satire and politics, and claims to be independent in all things. Mr. Day is proprietor of the New Dominion Steam Printing Establishment, and is well known as a suc- cessful i^rinter. THE MONTHLIES. The Maritime Traded Peviezov>'aa established January, 1874, by Mr. Jones, and is now conducted by Mr. Ira Cornwall, Jr., who has a good record in connection wiKi several journals in the Upper Provinces. It is the only purely comanercial periodical published in the Provinces. The Temperance Journal is about five years old, and is edited and published by S. B. Patterson. The Carleton Monthly, edited and published by J. A. McLean, was i«tarted two years ago, and has a special outlook for the West Side. I :■ 1 :■. • -1 I* r)2 ST. JOHN AisD Its business. Eaton's Commercial College. RIXCHIE:»S BtTILDING, t»RINCESS SX. o A. H. EATON, Principal and Proprietor. jMk. a. II. Eatox is the founder of the Commercial Colleges; now in successful operation iu the Mariiime Provinces. He is a native of AVayne County, Ohio, and prepared himself by a thorough experience in all branches of actual business for the successful management f these colleges. Previous to coming to St. John, he Avas conneC i. A with the Commercial College at Chatham, Out., and subsequently with 11 similar institution at Ottawa. He establishtd the college in St. Jphn in February, 1867, and the efficiency of his system, as well as his own merits as an instructor, were early recognized by the public. In the month of May, 18157, he established a branch at Halifax, Avhich was placed iu charge of !Mr. S. S. Cann, and. in 1870 he associated witli liim Mr. J. P. C. Fra;;ee, the Halifax firm style being now Eaton & Frazee. The Colleges at St. John and Halifax continued to gain in popularity, and encouraged by their success Messrs. lOaton & Frazee, in October, 187-5, established a branch at Charlotte town, imder the charge of Mr. T. B. Keagh, the linu style being Eaton, Frazee & Reagh. These three colleges are now in successful operation, and are justly looked upon as valuable adjuncts to the educational institutions of tlie cities in which they are situated. Mr. Eat(>n gives his immediate supervision to the college at Saint John. This institution is attended bj' about sixty students during the winter montlis and by about one-third that number during the summer .season. The test of its effljiency is found in the number of men in every branch of business, who bear voluntary testimony to its value, in having prepared them to occupy their present positions. Tlie branches taught are — book-keeping, by single and double entry, com- mercial aritlunetic, banking, railroading, and steamboating, exchange, the management of estates, the metliods of opening and closing books, the management of joint stock companies, telegraphing, com mercial law and commercial correspondence. Particular attention is also paid to penmansliip. Messrs. Eaton & Frazee have also published a treatise on commer- cial arithmetic and one on book-keeping, both being well arranged text books. In addition to these, Mr. Eaton has recently perfected a comprehensive system for the management of the books of Building iind Investment Societies, which is also well adapted to the require- ments of bankers. He is also in constant recpiisition by iiartiesrequii'- ing the adjustment of books and estates. ST. .lOlliV AND ITS BUSIXLSS. 53 e. ■5S ST. tor. Colleges HOW 3 ana live of I experience lagenient f IS conned. 1 [uentlywitU ! in St. Jplm as his own lie. In tlie , wliich was ciated witJi 3w Eaton & \- to gain in n & Frazee, mulei" the !e & Reagh. are justly tions of the ?e at Saint tUiring the he summer of men in » its value, ions. The iitry, coni- exchange, id closing ling, com ;tention is connner- arranged rfected a Building > require- es requir- ■VIOTOI^IJ^ HOTEL.. Corner of Germain and Duke Streets. To erect and establish a public house in St. John, in evevy way worthy of the commercial importance of the growing city, and which should compare favorably with the best modern hotels of American cities, and satisfactorily acconnnodate the increased travel from all quarters, the public-spirited merchants and business men of St. John, in 186'J, united in projecting the Victoria Hotel. In the accomplishment of thij enterprise, the services of Messrs. Washburne Sc Son, of Bost'^^n were secured, whose architectural skill had beon exemplilied in -. ith Avenue Hotel, Xew York, and the Kevere Hi)use, Tarker House and St. James Hotel, Boston, — the work being done under the immediate supervisi(3n of the senior architect. The principal contractors were Mr. Wm. Causey in the mason work, and ^lessrs. A. Christie I't Co. in the carpenter work, it was conmienced in May 1870, and completed and opened in August 1871. The editice is chieily in tlie Italian style of architecture, 102 feet on Germain by !-.'» feet on Duke street, and is tive stories in height above tlie basement. This basement is of dressed granite, and the superstructure of brick, covered Avith mastic, and with attached porticos over the Germain and Duke street entrances. The two street facings, vvith their pediment window caps and the heavy projecting cornice, gi\e the exterior a fine and imposing effect, while the great lieight of the building makes it conspicuous at a distance, rising by several stories above all surrounding buildings. The interior arrangements are such as to secure the best adjustment of all the public and private rooms, and avoid all confusion in hotel management. The dining-room, 40xG0 feet, is a model of architec- tural elegance, and the public parlor, on the second tioor, is IDxlOO feet. Private parlors, with bed-rooms attached, bath-rooms, etc., are liberally provided. Water is introduced into every room. TJie whole number of guest rooms is 17-3. An elevator gives easy access to the upper stories. The whole cost of the building was Si 105,000, and. the f urnisliing about StiO/lUO. The management of the liouse, now in the hands of Mr. G. AV. Swett, with Mr. J. M. Gibbs Chief Clerk, is first-class in every respect. For the 11r,st year it was in charge of Mr. 13. T. Cregan, since which time, until tlie recent change, it lias been managed by a Club, with competent clerks luid house-keeper. It deservedly holds the first place among tlie hotels of the Dominion, and is a credit to St. .John and the public spirit of the Victoria Hotel Company, which erected it, of which Otis Small, Esq., is Presid«nt, and W. Herbert Sinuott, Esq., Secretary. h 54 ST. JOHN XSD ITS BUSINESS. THE WAVERLEY HOUSE, JOHN GUTHRIE, Proprietor, No. 78 King Street. This celebrated hotel, -which was opened just a quarter of a century ago, and which i;- ncated north side of King street, one of the widest and most fasliionable business streets of the city, between Market I nd King Squares, is both centrally and pleasantly situated, and has always enjoyed a large share of the public patronage, and is the most widely known hotel in the Lower Provinces. The building was erected by tlie late Stephen Wiggins, and previous to the great fire in that street of 1849, his dwellinpf nnd gardens occu- pied the site on which the Waverley now stands. Mr. Janiea Williams Avas the first proprietor, who was succeeded by ;Mr. Joseph Scammell,. who for many years had conducted the St. John Hotel. At Mr. Scammell's death in 1863, Mr. John Guthrie, who came from the north of Ireland in 18.')4, and for several j'ears had been an employee in the Waverley, became proprietor. It is a thoroughly built and sulistantial brick edifice of a large frontage, and four stories in height, and with a rear wing and a large extension over several adjoining stores, contains over seventy rooms, with a large and finely appointed dining-room and a number of elegant public and private parlors, the whole interior arrangement being admirably adapted to the comfort of its guests. It has been extensively patronized by the Governors of the different Provinces ; by the Commander-in-Chief, and by the Admirals of the West India and North American Stations. Royalty as well have, at different times, been guests of the Waverley. Following the Prince of Wales, on the '20th May, 1861, His Royal Highness Prince Alfred, with G'^neral Trollope and other distinguished officers of his suite, made the Waverley tlieir home during their stay in the city; and agfain, September 8th, 1861), Hia Royal Highness Prince Arthur, with Commander Carnegie of H. M. shij) Dart, Col. El})hinstone, and a number of otlier distniguished oflUcers honored the Waverley by their presence. It has alsj been the resort of the most distinguished Americans and ProAincial gentry whom l)usiness or pleasure has brought to St. John. The Waverley is kept in so well ordered style that the traveller feels himself at home. ^Ir. Guthrie has learned the art in a quiet and gentlemanly way to administer the details which make up a comfortable and enjoyable inn, and the testimonials of travellers, printed from time to time in the journals, give abundant proof that the Waverley has been, and will continue, a favorite Avith the travel- ling public under its present proprietor. ST. JOHX AM) ITS JJU«l>'Er5S. 55 5E, ietor. of a century f the widest >'een Market ted, and has I is the most ind previous Eirdens occu- ley Williams 1 Scammell, el. At Mr. e from the n employee of a large and a large ?nty rooms, r of elegant nent being. 16 different rals of the ell have, at the Prince e Alfred, ' his suite, city ; and Arthur, istone, and fiverley by tinguished ^Hsure has ? traveller in a quiet lake up a travellers, n'oof that lie travel- STEWART & WHITE, Auctioneers, Commission Merchants AM) Prince William Street. -0 — G«OR«K SiKAVART, seniov member of the firm, -svas Iiorn in Caitli- ness-shire, nortli (if Scotland, and learned the dry goods business with Stewart & McDonald, in Glasgow, lie came out to Montreal at the age of sixteen years, and sewed as salesman in a dry goods store there live years. lie then went to Toronto, where lie was in the saine busi- ness anotJier five years, and thence to Xew York, where he spent yet another five years in the same line. He tlien went to London, Ont. where he served four years in a fur store, and came to St. John in 1858, and set up the auction and connnission business in King street. From thence he moved to (lermaiw street, and in 1801 to his present store in Prince William street. John White, junior partner, is a native of Largo, Fifeshire, Scot- land, and at an early age entered as clerk into the employ of tlie National Bank of Scotland at that place. After two years' service, lie filled the same position in a branch of the same bank at Elie for three years, and as teller in a branch of the same institution at Kelso for one year. He came to St. John and entered into the employ of Mr. Stewart in ISiVJ, and joined him as partner in ISGS, under the present style of Stewart tic White. Their salesroom and warerooms are on a very extensive scale. Tlie salesroom on the lower floor is one hundred feet deep and twenty-five feet wide. The wareroom on the second fiat is of the same size, while their fine stock of furniture occupies the whole area of two stores on the third flat one hundred feet by fifty, which has a gallery on three sides. This was formerly used as a liall for lectures, etc. It is one of the most spacious rooms east of Boston for the storage and exhibition of furniture. In this room the fivm have a splendid stock of furniture, consisting of elegant parlor sets in rich carvings, and upholstery and chamber sets in black walnut and marbles, as high in price as $250, and from that in cheaper woods and style of finish to suit the more limited means of customers. Xo one can fail to flny, and entered the counting-room of Hon. S. L. Tilloy, the present Governor of New Brunswick, who wa.s then the proprietor of the establishment, and occiqiying a portion of tlu' present premises, which are still cnvned by him. Mr. Tilloy, going to lOngland on business, and soon becoming en- gaged in ]")olitical affairs, in whicli lie lias since then occupied high positions, the superintendence of the store devolved upon ^Ir. Barker, who in 18(50 becaHie ])roi)rietor. He conducted it alone until 18(>7, when he associated Avith him, under tlie style of T. B. Barker & Sons, his two sous, George A, andT. V. Barker, who had served in the estab- lishment eight or ten years. Since Mr. Barker tookthe business ithasbeenvery greatly increased, extending into several lines of goods not then inchuled in it. It now embraces a number of dertartnients, each covering a great variety of goods, the Avhole compactly filling the basement and live tloors of the block of two stores. I'articular attention is paid to i,rescri])tions, and the dis^jensary is unsurpassed. In druggist sundries and toilet goods, the establishment represents very f idly t lie l)est of English, French and American manufacture, and particularly in 1\ S. Clea\er's cele- brated London goods and Lubin's extracts. In the heavier goods of paints, oils, and varnishes, in dy? stuffs, and in all the various woods, acids, salts and aniline dyes, the stock is full. A large stock of Avindow glass, chiefly of German inanufacture, is also kept on hand. The shelves show a full line of druggists' glass ware and stock of vials and bottles from the manufactories of Philadelphia and New Lebanon, V. Y. Messis. Barker S: bc!?? are jn'obably the largest ilealers in seeds in tlie city, having rapidly increased this business within a few years ~" jjgetable seeds are principally imported from Kngland and the mt, and the grass and clover from Upper Canada. These they, bute all over tlie Provinces. The fine groceries also receive at- in crushed sugars, spices, pickles, sauces, etc. '^'^Surgical and dental goods from the jest English and American ntomxfactories ; artists' materials of all varieties : all the most approved patent medicines; flavoring extracts of their own and other numufac- tiire, are embraced on their extensive catalogue. ' Their store in its frontage of bronze, ^ilt and plate glass, and its interior artistic design and decoration, with the clever disposition of elegant goods, is one of the most attractive in tlie city, and is -worthy of the proprietors whose attention to business has given the establish- ment so firm a foundation. ST. .TOIIX AND ITS lH'SfXESS. i>/ hecaries, ly Co., X. J3., jiibat'quently came to St. a. Tilloy, the a'oprietor of lit premises, 'cupied Jiigli ^Ir. Barker, } until 18(57, •ker v^ Sons, in the estah- ly increased, n it. It now it variety of lloors of the 'il)tion.s, and oilet j^oods, Ii;hnu'nt dates l)ack to llie beginni;:g of the present cen- tury, Avith William Itowe Smith, son of Dr. Nathan Smith, who wiiw among the Loyalists tliat came and founded the city in 17S.'5, and testi- fied liif« respect for British authority by naming his son after the dis- tingui.shed British General- Sir William Howe. AVilliam Ilowt- Smith was a pliysician and apotliecary, after the manner of that day. In 1821 his son, William 0. Smith, succeeded Iiim in the apothecary and druggist business, establishing himself in Market Sijuare. His warehouse was destroyed in the gi'cat fire of 1837, and his store on the west corner of Market Stfuare block was burnt in the great fire of 1830. He then obtained a long lease of the ground and built the two stores on the other corner, the first one of whicli be occupied for his business, wliere it is still continued by his son, A. Chipman Smitli. who succeeded to the establishment upon his father's death, in Marcli 1871. William 0. Smitli, during his long and active business career of half a century, was closely identified with nearly all the public measures of the day, and took a lively interest in all that was for the welfare of his native city. He was Chairman of the Commissioners of the Alms House for twenty years, a leading member of the County Ses- sions, and the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens were especially marked in recpiiring his services in the positions of Alder- man and Mayor for twenty-five years. A. Chipman Smith, his successor in business, entered the store when fourteen years old, and served in it as clerk, and for sixteen years previous to his father's deatli, as principal manager. The business embraces the usual line of goods in such an establishment, which fully occupy the five floors of the store, besides two warehouses for the storage of acids md heavy goods. In paints, oils and dye stuffs it lias a very large trade. It has a finely organized dispensary, and in surgeons' instruments and toilet goods, is fully su]»plied with the best in the market. Mr. Smith has not only succeeded to his father's business, but to his honors, having been elected JIayor of the city in 1874, and the present year receiving the A'ery rare compliment of a re-election by acclamation. The public favor is the more remarkably evinced ill elevating so young a man to the Mayoral ity without his having seen service in the ranks of the Councillors or Aldermen, * ' i in W 1 H. L. SPENCER, G-eneral Patent Medicine Agency. No. 20 Nelson Street. Mr. Si'KxcEn was born in Castk'ton, State i if Vermont, and re- moved to Lowell, Mass., in 18.'")L', when he took the position of Foreign Correspondent in t)ie (office of the celebrated concern of Dr. J. C Ayer tfc Co. He held tliis position until 18G0, when he removed to tit John and opened an office at No. 7 ^larket Square, as the representa- tive of ^Messrs. Ayer »fc Co. and other American houses in the Patent Medicine business. Mr. Spencer had become well known to the trade throughout the Maritime Provinces?, and the enterprise in which he engaged i)roveKSS. XjOHTJ^OIST hoxjsb. DANIEL & BOYD, Wholesale Importers of British and Foreign Dry Goods, No8. 3 and 4 Market Square. (I- Tici.s liouso wfts ! Mtyle of w." ooU piviui.-M'.x ill o. Whilf luTf. tidt.' of tlu' f*tiv«'1. ivortli was exam- froiu ."*j»arki?, li<- and wai-i killed. J^univ and buili 11 1847, when lif mifts W. Daniel. J, wlio had beeti tirni of IJeard A iflev hif retivt- iienl for the elt- t of all clasise.*. , annpartment of silk, woollen, linen and cotton manufactures, small wares, trimmings, etc., and in the year just closeartment. In the ready-made clothing department, which is the largest in the Maritime rrovincesand constantly increasing, they employ about one hundred and twenty men and women. Their trade is chiefly in the Maritime Provinces, where their name has become a househohl word ; and they have ever been foremost in assisting honorable and worthy young men, who have done faithful and efficient ser.ice in their house, into business, and in doing so they have been largely rewarded in jiroflt of money and in gratitude. Mr. Daniel is a Director of the Bank of New Brunswick, was first President of the Joggins Coal Mining .Vssociation, and is a leader in most of the public charitable organizations of St. John. Mr. Boyd is Chairman of the Board of School Triisu es i '' St. John, President of the Victoria Hotel Club, and connected with many of the leading benevolent institutions of the city. Mr. B., nothwithstanding the exacting attention and care devolved upon him by the business of the London House, and various public positions, still finds time for literary recreation, and he is widely and popularly known throughout the Provinces by his literary jjerformances in behalf of church, eancar tional and benevolent enterprises to which he has held himself ready to contribute of the gifts with which nature and culture haveendowc'i him. Since 1847, when he made his first public address before the Toung Men's Association, his various lectures and readings, rendered without pecuniary compensation to himself, have netted over 828,000 to the beneficiaries —a remarkable instance of wkat a business man, by right methods^ may find time, even in the thick of commerce, to do for his fellow men. in i I r f- 4i2 ST. JOHX AXto ITS «fSI>'E8S. ^ t I EVERITT & BUTLER, Importers of Dry Goods and Small Wares, Wholesale Clothiers and Warehousemen, 55 and 57 King Street. Ahthik Kvkhitt was born in the County of Suffolk, England, and learned liis Inisiness in Jiondon. From that city he came to St. .lohn in May, 1852, and entered into an enjifaffement with John Arm- slrong <& Co., in Princt: William Street, and in ISoT became their buyer, lie went into business on his own account in 1868, in the whdesale and retfiil trade, and the nt xt year was joined by Mr. Builer. Richard P. Butler was born in Dublin, where he served in the Dry Goods business or Drapery lint . He tame to St. John in 18.')?, and went into the Dry Gootls house of the late John (ilillis, in Dock Street, autl continuetl there with the late W. McGlinchy, who succeetled hiri. He then went with the late Samuel Xeill, in King Street, after whijh into the house of the late John. Hastings, on Prince William Street, and subsequently was in the house of T. R. Jones for nine years, in 1809 he formed with Mr. E\eritt the present ftrm of Kveritt & Butler, in King Street. Tlifcir store was at .'>o King street, but in 1872 they disposed of the I'etail busiii < to Messrs. Likoly, Cameron & Golding, and went ex- clusively o tjie wholesale trade at So. 57. They occupy the whole of the foil flats of the two stores, (excepting the first tlat of No. 55,) antl a large extension in the rear of one of the stoves. The whole of these spacious i)remi,ses are fllletl with their extensive stock, which is full antl comiilete in all the tlepartmeuts. Their trade is twe of tile largest in the Maritime Provinces. Their goods are selected v/ith great care in all the manufacturing centres of the British Isles and t>n the continent, both partners having the advantage of a long experience as buyers— having, between them, tluring the [>ast eighteen years, crossed' the ocean over one hundred times, and Ijeing familiar with the London, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Paisley, Glasgow, Belfast antl other Uuirkett. They are the nuiiiufacturers' agents of the celebrated Oxford Home- spuns, ai.'i for the famous house of C. .1. Bonnet i^* Co., whose superior black silks have been awariletl the highest honors everywhere. Their woollen deimrtment is on an extensive scale, and they import and laanufaclure large lir.es of ready-made clothing. In the finer fabrics and sniall wares, and millinery goods, they have an unexcei)tionable ^*tock, to which they are constantly atlding by every steamship. They employ some tweiity-ftve clerks, and infuse their life and energy into the entire establishment. 8T. .TOHV AND ITS Bl'SfXESS. «:l lall Wares, isemen Suffolk, Enjvlaml, ity he came to St. it with John Arni- 1857 became their nt in 18G8, in the ned by Mr. Bmler. served in the Dry John in 18r)7, and is, in Dock Street, ho succeeded him. Street, after whi :h :'e William Street, jr nine years, in Everitt & Butler, ly disposed of the ing, and went ex- occupy the whole irst Hat of No. 55,) th their extensive ents. Their trade Their goods are ng centres of the ing the advantage them, during the undi'ed times, and eld, Birmingham, ted Oxford Ilome- 0., whose superior rerywhere. Their they import and 11 the finer fabrics a unexcei)tionable ■ steamship. They • life and energy J. & J. HEGAN & CO., Wholesale Dry Goods Importer^, carpeting and curtain goods. 27 & 29 Prince William and 8 Water Streets. JoH.v Kkuax, senior iiiHiiiber of this old established house, born in Belfast, Ireland, came to St. John, in 1828. He si)ent two or three years with his brother-in-law, Wui. l^irks, who was engaged in the grocery and sl>-i,ig business in Portland, with whom, in 1831, he established the wholesale and retail dry goods business Market Square, also continuing the shii)piiig businesif*. They were burnt out in the great fii-e of 18:57 and took store in King-st., with warehouse in Prince WiHiani-st., until they built present store No. 29, in 1830. Several years after, they i)urchased store in rear, fronting Water-st., where they continued till 1840 when they dissolved — Mr. Parks takiiig the shlpi)ing business, and Mr. Hegan the dry goods depixrtnient, and associating with him his brother, James liegan, who came from Belfast in 18;?7 and served nine years in tlie previous firm under the style of .1. & .1. Hegan. This firm remained unchanged till 1874, when Mr. William Kwing, who had been book-keei)er in the house for twenty years, and several years contidential ch'rk, whs associated under tlie in*eseiit style of J. X: J. Hegan <<• Vx At the same tiniL' this firm rented ad- joining store. No. 27, for thci better accoiumndalicui of tlieir wliolesale departMient. When Mr. Parks, the original foun ler, came over to this country in 1823 with a stock of goods, cliietiy of linen, the vessel was wrecked and sank on Sable Island. The goo Is were rescued by divers, and. notwithstanding their vl.i;;'\g', sold at a handsome pi'otit. Mr, Parks was lost in tlie steanisliip Ci y of Boston in 187'-, probably near the place of the wreck of his first venture in 1823. The business of this house connuenced, as usual in ^ ose days, in a humble way, and by the industry, api>lication and integrity of its members has steadily increased. Its credit has never been impaired. Its wholesale trade embraces an extensive line of dry goods suited to all purchasers in the St.Joln' market— embracing in addition to the usual clothing goods and small wares, a very full assortment of car- ]>ets— in Union, Wool, Tapestry and Brussels, Floor Oiicluths and Curtain Goods. K/- l^v - B' i. : I J I I t I 1 \ «4 ST. JOHN AM) ITS UUSINESS. II if 5: 'i I 1 I- s ii i ' T. R JONES & CO., Importers of British and Foreign Dry Goods, Manufacturers of Clothipg, Hats, Caps, &c., Canterbury Street. Hox. Thos. R. JoxKs is a Jiative of St. John. After serving as merchant's clerk in the boot and shoe business, he started for him- self in 1849 fis a retail dealer in Clothing and Furnishing goods. His .store was situated in Dock Street, where he continued seven years. He then moved to Market Square, remaining there seven years. At this stand he commenced the jobbing business in clothing, in connec- tion with his retail trade, and gradually worked into the dry goods trade. He then moAed to King Street, and carried on the wholesale business exclusively in dry goods and manufacture uf clothing. In 1870 i'e associated with him, under the present Arm style, Mr. Robert T. A. Scott, who had lu'eviously been a salesman and buyer with him, and his nei)hew. Mr. Norman Robertson, who had also been a salesman in his employ. In 187.'{ Mr. .lones erected the sub- stantial and elegant block now occupied by the firm. It is .50 feet front by 73 feet deej), of live stories besides basement. It is of l)rick, covered with mastic, and in its internal arrangements is thoroughly adapted to the reijuirements of their extensive business. In 1874 he erected the tine block adjoining of "lO feet front and 48 feet deep, and four stories besides basement, occupied by W. H. Tliorne & Co. Messrs. Jones i^ Co. deal in a full line of Dry Goods, selected with jjreat cai'e in the British, Continental and American markets. These goods till their lower floor, while the upper stories are devoted to the wholesale manufacture of millinery goods, silk hats and glazed and cloth caps, the work being chiefly performed by women. Outside of their dry goods, they are large importers of Teas and other groceries. On the opposite side of the street tliey have a large four stGry brick building, used f jr the manufacture of clothing of all descrip- tions, togetjier with woollen and cotton shirts suitable to the country trade. The firm emi>loy over one Inuulred hands, and in their store workrooms thirty or forty more. Tins establishment manufactures more clothing for the wliolesale trade tjian all the lower Provinces. It markets its goods in New Urunswick, Nova Scotia and P. K. Island. It is one of the heaviest and most flourishing houses in St. John. Mr. Jones is a member of the l^egislative Council ; President of tlie St. John Board of Trade : has for several years been Director in the Kuropean X* North American Railway Comi)any, and is Vice-President r.\N< iiKsiKH, senior member, was born in YiU'ksiure, Kng. He came to this city in 18.V), entering the London House as clerk, where he remained four years. He subsecpiently served about 11 year in a Boston house, and clerked with Magee Brothers until 18«»6, being, for seveiMi years, their buyer in European markets. In this capacity, and as buyer for his own house, he has crossed the ocean forty-nine times. Mr, James F. Robertson, a nati\ e of St. Jolm, entered the London House in 185(), where he remainec' some nine years, when he went to Magee Brothers and continued six years, ^fr. Joseph Allison is a Nova Scotian. He came to St. .John in 18,51, and entered the Golden Kleece, with Gilchrist iS: Inches, clerking with them until 1855, when lie entered tlie London House; whence, after four years' service, he went to ;Magee BrotJiers and oontinued till 186r>. These three young men, having thus served so many years together in two of the prominent dry goods houses of the city, started together in the retail dry goods business, in April 1806, under the present style, at a sttn-e on Prince William Street. Tlieir strict attention to Imsiness and gentlemanly qualities, at once won for them pojmlar I'avor. In a few months, finding their quarters i[uite inadequate, tiiey moved to No. 2 Market Scpiare. Here business followed them in larger maasure. They here started a mantle and dress-making depart- ment ; also, that of shirt-making, both of which have since grown to large dimensions. Again, they found their jiremises too narrow for thf.- trnnsactiou of iMisinessand disposition of their goods. A wooden block, belonging io the .lohnson estate, on King Street, being ilestroyed by fire, they made an arrangement with the the proprietors, by which the i)resent substantial block occupied by them was built to their order, and special- ly adapted to the several departments of tlieir business. Tt is forty IVet front by one hundred feet deep ; foui stories in height, and is wholly occu\)ied by them, except a jiortion of the first floor '20x60 foet, which they have sub-let for the present. The front of the high first f^tory is a sjjlendid sheet of heavy plate ylass by wliioli, und i!n' r^ar windows, tlie whole of this floor is <:<■ ! \' I m !! i 06 MANCHESTER. ROIJEBTbOy AXI> ALI.ISuN. V finely lighted for the advantageous display and inspection of its goods. Upon entering, we pass five elegant standing cases, respec- tively devoted to a tasteful display of gentlemen's furnishing goods. shawls, bugle trimniiiiy», gloves and mats. On this Hoor is the gentle- men's funiishing dei>artment*, containing a complete assortment of every requisite for a gentl'^man. The glove department comes, next in order, comprising every de- scription of gloves of French and Knglish manufacture, for both ladies and gentlemen. They make a specialty of Rouillon's Joseph- ine, or "Seandess (ilove,'' receiving fresh accessions direct from the maker every few weeks; and in Dent's gloves for gentlemen, they have a. special trade, keeping a stock of the best qualities of that celebrated maker. In this line they deal exclusively in the best makes. Further along is the hosiery department, in nil its Aariety of lial- Itrig^an, Lisle thread, Cotton, Merino, Cashmere, and Silk, ribbed and plain; colored and fancy striped, for all wears, and of best Knglish makes. The yarn department contains everything which enters into common and ornamental use, of English, Scotch, Prussian, French "and American manufacture, and a full line of the celebrated Berlin yaras, for afghans and ladies fancj* work, and in connection bead work, canvas, filoselle, and all other materials enqdoyt-d in this work, in the ribbon line their stock is in great variety, of all descriptions and in the latest patterns. The rear of this floor is dcAoted to lace goods, real and imitation: Scotch, Swiss, Hamburg, French, and Afaderia end>roideries ; dress trimmings, in fringes, ornaments, braids and buttons, in all the fashionable styles ; domestics, in cotton, linen, jn-ints, muslins, and every description of family and household goods ; dress gouds, com- ju'ising every novelty in English and French manufacture, as they are produced ; and black goods, in Alpacas, Coburgs, Sateens, Empress Cloths, French Alerinoes, Cashmeres, Delauies, Grenadines and Uemanis. .\scending a broad staircase to the seconil floor, the shawl depart- ment is replete with all the best makes and latest styles. That of silks has a large range of plain blacks, of "Bonnet's" and other cele- brated makes, and colored and striped and checkeh- direct from tiie ■men, they have a. that celebrated makes. ! Aariety of Bal- Silk, ribbed anil of best English Inch enters into russian, French elebrated Berlin 'onnection bead t'd in this work, all descriptions and imitation: roideries ; dress oris, in all the s, muslins, ami ess gu...ds, com- ure, as they are teens, Empress irenadines and ? shawl depart- tyles. That of Eiud other cele- grent variety : velvets in all ilk umbrellas, freat variety of sire, either in < a Scotch cut- and New York everything di- JAMES MANSON, IMronXKR OK British, Foreign and American Dry Goods, Commercial Palace — King St. 0- A stranger in St. John, [)assing through King street, would at oncc- .single out the ComnierciiVi Palace as the most consi»icuousand elegant iniilding of all those df voted to trade. It is forty feet front and live stories in height, built of free stone in the Italian style and with iin elaboration of ornam-jnt, which gives it tine effect. The front of the first floor is composed of the heaviest liOndon plate glass, iu s'iugle panes of 8x13.;. feet, mounted in richly moulded frames, set oft" with bronze and gilt, making one of the finest show >''ndows in the country. The interior well coia'esi)ontl* with the external beauty of the edi- lice. A centre row of ornate columns supports tlie second Hoor, and the rear is thrcnvn into a high hall with galleries reached by a broad staircase on each side, and the whole terminating iu a grand dome, richly and tastefully frescoed, and lighted by a high lantern. The finish throughout is rich and heavy, and the whole interior organiza- tion is admirably adapted to the different departments of the dry goods trade. This superb store *vas built about . ..'enty years ago ]»y Messrs. Doherty iV McTavish. Mr. Manson, who is a native of Scotland, where he learned the diy goods trade, came to St. John in 1855, to fulfill an engagement with a dry goods house. Four years later, he started business for himself in a wooden store adjoining the present premises. This store was burned in 1860. He then moved into the store now occupied by him, and has somewhat modified and much improved its arrangements. Mr. Manson's goods are in keeping with the place, exhibiting a full line of the richest dress goods of the finest British and foreign manu- facture ; silks arid velvets of the British and Lyons looms : gloves iu large stock of all the best makes ; cotton, merino and silk and bal- briggan hosiery: laces, in all the beautiful variety of Real I loniton, Foint, Vallenciennes, Maltese, >S:c. The linen department is A'ery full and fine. The millinery department receives very special attention, and is most complete in its assortment of French, English a«d American goods, and is presided over by skilful hands. The cloak room is always ready with the latest styles of mantle and shawl goods. In ladies' underclothing, baby linen, boys' suits, there is a full line. The whole stock, comprising all the usual lines of the trade, is selected with the greatest care, and is finely exhibited, while the upjter Hats are devoted to reserves. It is a store no one should fail to visit, and the contents will tell tlieirown story and prove most satisfacty in the variety and fulness of its line*, excelltnoe of 8 ST. JOHN ANlf ITS BlSl.NESS. JAMBS McNIGHOL & SON. Ready-Made Clothing & Gents' Furnishing Goods Custom - Made Clothing to Order. No. 31 King Street. — •- o Ja.mks ^kltXicHOL, senior, was born in Tyrone County, Irelan«l, in 1807. JTe learned the tailor's trade there, and ean»e to St. John in 1831, Avorking as journeyman for Mr. .John Murphy for alioiit four years, when he wtn'ked for himself in making up clothing for cuk- tomers, from cloths brought to him for the purpose. In 18r»0 he re- moved with liis family to Philadelphia. He worked there as jo)ir- neyman about two years, and then returned to 8t. John and took a situation as cutter in the clothing store of Mr. Robert Hunter, who has just retired from business. He rentained there seven years. He then started in business for himself, as a merchant tailor, and in the course of the year associated his son, James McNichol, jr., with him, umler the firm of James McNichol & Son. James MclNichtl, jr., had learned the tailori)ig trade with his father, fuul became a cutter while in Philadelphia. He came to St. John to till a situation in that capacity with John Anderson. He continued with Mr. Andersoii five years, when lie went to Mr. Hmiter's, where his father was, and served tliere three years, in 1851) he went into 4'ompany with his father. Their first place of business was on King Street, opposite their jtresent store, whence they removed to J)ock Street, and two years after to the jn-esent location on King Street. In Man.'h last tlie .■•t^nior member retired, and James ^McNichol, jr., continues the busi- ness under the old firm name. He imports his clothp and trimmings from England, and manufac- 1 iires all the clothing he sells. He also has a large custom trade, and employs on an average thirty-five hands. His brother, Mr. Alexamler McNichol, has served in th6 establishment as salesman and cutter eleven years. The goods are of Itest quality, and made in the most tiiorough manner. The furnishing department is fully stocked witl) •h'sirable goods. The satisfaction urtiformly given by this establisli- nient, has brought it increasing busi)iess and jn'osperity since the ^'ommencement. When ,Mr. McXichol, senior, came here, a ready-made clothing store was unknown, and only a few im])orteresent house was established in 1870. Its line of trade is exclusively in those things which enter into liouse furnishing goods, for which all of its departments are cleverly and thoroughly organized, and stocked with the best goods. Their carpet importations are selected from the leading manufacturing liouses of Kngland and Sct)tland, exhibiting the newest styles of Brussels, tapestry, velvet, three-ply, and tlie cheaper grades, for parlors, halls, stairs, etc., together with hemp carpets and cocoa Diattings, English floor oil cloths of elegant patterns, thorouglily seasoned, up to twenty-four feet wide, which are cut to suit any hall ; also, American oil cloths, carpet linings, etc. Carpets are made and put down by experienced hands. In this department also are drug- gt'ts, crumb cloths, and parlor and door mats in all variety. The Curtain dei)art;inent contains a rich assortment in French, i'ekinades, Terrys and Reps, plain, striped and brocaded, together with Damasks, with all the trimmings to match. Furniture manu- facturers are supplied in this line with materials for ui)holstery. Mere, too, are newest designs in Nottingham lace curtains and curtain nets, double and single bordered, curtain holders, drapery cords and tassels, gilt Avindow poles, German gilt plates and black walnut cornices. Curtains, lambeniuins and cornices manufactured to order. They also ke6p on hand an extensive stock of Flock, Hair and Kxcelsior Mattresses, Feather Beds, Flock and Feather Pillows and Bolsters and Cushions of all kinds. Their Combination Spring Mat- tress, which is a specialty in this establishment, is admirably adapted to home comfort at a moderate price. They have a factory in Mill street for the manufacture of Flock for wholesale and retail trade, operated by steam-power, which is the only one in the hower Provinces, in which it has a large sale. Here are also manufactured the \arious kinds of mattresses and feather beds, etc. Connected with this factory, and ojjerated by its power, is a Carj^et IJeater, the only one in the country, and of the greatest utility. Messrs. Sheraton, Son X- Skiiiner, witli their facilities in machinery, ski]le J 111 ' It 'I % 70 lAVt V fiiol!?. O. & W. BELLA TORRE & Co., iprters of EieM, Frencii aitd Gemian Faoc} Goodii, GRAND FANCY REPOSITORY, No. 23 King Street. This e-stublisiliment dates Imek to 18;{'> witli Mr. Dellii Tmro, ii iiati\ »■ of Italy, who continued it for many years, when he sohl to hi* brother, J. Delia Torre, of London, who shortly after sent out one of his son;*- Anthony, who now has a similfu •stablishment in Halifax— to manaye the concern. He was ^.v • -eded by his brotiiers, Charles and William Delia Torre, who .glu tt-i^ business of theii father. William is the head-manager of thi^ estabL '■ : -"nt, anrl Cha 'les superintend*- a similar business in London, (i. B., owned by the same firm. This establishment is the only one of the kind in St. John, or in the Provinces, and is so varied and multifold in its catalogue of fancy articles, as to challenge any demand which may be made ujion it outside the staple merchandise of trade. To gather up, arrange and classify such an infinitude of articles requires a genius which evidently was bom in the family. The stock is all selected from the best European and American markets, in which it has the great advantage - of the aid of its London house, combined with the assistance of acti\ e agents. To enumerate these goods by classes would exhaust our limits. Among them Jewellery, Watches (Silver and Gold), and Gilt Goods in all their variety of grade— Leather Goods, which fill pages of catalogue- Cabinet Goods at length and of exipiisite workmanship. and curious work in ivory, bone and woods— Table Mats —Perfumery of all the most celebrated makers, and Toilet Goods without limit, from the cheapest to the best — Alusical Instruments, embracing all the line of goods which enter into tlie soft melody of the serenade, the inspiration of the dance, or the ardor of martial parade — Hardware in its long array of small articles — Baskets of all de-scrijitions ; in Oi)tical and Scientific Instruments its stock is replete for use by sen or land. Cricketing (ioods and the accoutrements of Archery are in stock, and Fishing Tackle sufficient to please every ftne but the victims of the sport. Glass and Parian goods crop out among the crowded wares, and in the line of Children's Toys there is no end to the delight they may introduce into the young household, and tlie joys they can. bring to the Merry Christmas. We despair of indicating the varieties which fill tliis wonderful. ba/aar. It must be seen to be apjtreciated. and we do not wonder its business, in retail and wholesale, has quadrupled within a few years.. as the peojile of the Proviuc-es, tlirough it? travelling agents, become acquainted witli its resource.-. I'ENERAI, DEALERS. 71 fe Co., anc} Goodii, Tuvrt\H natixf [ t<> hi:* brother, le of his sons- ax — to manng>' ■s, Charles ami -ther. William f 8ui>ennteinl»i> firm, .iohii. (»r in tlu- lofjue of fancy made upon it », arrange and liioh evidently from the best I'eat advantage- tance of active ist our limits, nd Gilt Goods fdl pages of Avorkmanship, :s~Pei*fnmery without liiuii, embracing all the serenade. le—Ifardware scrii>tion.s : in For use by .lea are in stock. :he victims of the crowded to the delight joys they can< lis wonderful. Kit wonder its 1 a few years., ?ents. become J. & W. F. HARRISON, Wholesale Dealers in Flour, Meal, Grain, Provisions, Teas, Tobaccos and West India Goods. Office, No. 16 North Wharf. -o- The members of tliis Hvm were born in (Queen's County, and siM'iit tlieir early years on the farm. Jeremiah came to this City about 1848, and worked at the carriage trade, which he completed at Newark, .New Jersey. Returning here, '.le built a carriage factorj' in Portlan«l about 18o], and was joined in the business by his brother, W. F. HaiTison. Tlie factory was fully e»iuii)ped with all the latest improve- ments of the ale and nothing brought liere from those ports. There wan fi'eipiently » scarcity of .sugar, molasses, etc., luit the .supjily of Jamaica rum must have been unbroken if tiiere was trutli in tin- declaration of a LoyalLsl gentleman, in re»iionse to Ci»)vernor Harvey's inquiry as to the quidity of the water in St. .lolin, that h»' "bad not tasted it for forty years." St. .John rapidly gained almost ii monopoly of this trade for the Province, and soon began to supply tlie western lK>rtions of Nova Scot in. The trade grew in jtroportion to tlie growth of jiopulation, nearly all of the ini]»ortations continuing to be n)ade from Kngland and the West Indies, and almost nothing being brought from the United States. The Kecijtrocity Treaty, however, by enabling us to sell our ])roducts advantageously in the United States, W(n"ked a partial revolution i)i the; grocery traile, aial we began to inii)ort, largely from our neighbors, bringing goods from Boston and New York in exchange for our fish, lumlier, jtotatoes, elc. The abrogation of this Treaty checked the growth of this trade, but did not destrt.y it. Direct communication with the West Indies, .South .\)nerica and Europe received a new stimulus, and has been steadily inci-easing. The vast increase in manufacturing, and the change wliicli has taken place in the manner of living among tlie agriculturists within ji generation, have caused the importation of groceries to increase with great rapidity, and some St. John houses, with customers all along the Bay Shore, on the St. Croix, to the head waters of the St. John. and the North Shore counties, l>ank8 ttf til*- 8t. lany years aflt-r iwlinj,' with flic The fef'liiig of loiv was lianlly in<; l)«Mii in the premises at the corner of King Stpinre and Charlotte street, which were built for a church in 18'J4, and originally cnlleil Asylum Chapel, cn'iginating in a split in the Metlmdist denondnation. The Kpiscopalians 8ubse«iuently hired and occupied it: in I8.'5(> the Tresbyterians bought it, calling it St. Stephen's Church, and in 1847 Cajtt. Stephenson becatne lirojnnetor anil remodeled it by converting the (irst floor into stores and the iipper portion into a hall for public uses, which has since been con- nected with the stores. Tlic building has stood as a monument unscathed through severnl contiguous cdntlagralions, Jn I8r»4 y\r. 1). iiree/i-, who hfid served for se\eral years with his brother, becunie a jtartncr witli liim under the iirm of William He l>. Breeze. This firm continued till 1871, when the senior member retired, iince which time the business has been conducted by the ]»resent proprietor. The store is linely located for family trade, and as the proprietor makes it his special aim tit deal only in the very best cimnnodities required in family use, the long establislied business has constantly increased, not only with the increase of the jtopidation in that quarter of the city, l»ut iii consequence of the excellence of the goods in which it deals. It is unnecessary to enumerate tlie lines of groceries which make up the well selected assortmeiU (d' this establisiiment. In the leading staples it has the best of homo and foreign prodiicficnis — the finest grades of Hour from the u]>per Pr-ivinces, of Scotch and American sugars, English ami American pickles. West India goods, etc. Not only the more substantiais of life in best quality are kept in stock, Imt the best of i»ackage goods which now enter so largely into family consumj)tion, put up in glass and metal by packers of the highest repute, Mr, Bree/e is' also a direct importer of the best liquors and wines, which he keeps in stock for family supply -both in wood and glass — which he can Avarrant both in quality and age, and Avhich hare given entire satisfaction to his patrons, Ilesides his large and still increas- ing retail family tra SB .A. Xj 3D X«. « Zrr S^X^TJZ'Z', No. 44 Charlotte Street. Mil. RoitKiir K. l*ri>iiix4, wlien sixteen years of nge, anei*fect condition to the i>atron8 of this worthy establishment. A business conducted •on the principles of this house cannot fail, and has not failed, to meet « deserved success. 0A8-FITTi:U AND I'LUMBKR. <•) ARCHIBALD ROWAN, PLUMBER AND GAS-FIT I'ER, No. 68 Water Street. Mil. KoWAN liiis the lioiuir nf nativity in Ayrsliirc, Sootlund, lu-ur ill*' soil wliic'li iiii.>*e(l tlie iiimiDrtni Buviki. Uv. was, iKmever, raiseci in (ilrtsjj[()\v, wliin'i' lie It'iivnt'd hid trade, wlience lie canif ftt this city in lrt'><). Hero lie worlced with Alexander Campbell in gas-tlttin^ ItUbiness fur a year, and then started for himself in Water street. Mr. (.'aniphell vhi»'h occupied the present premise.^*, and Ims continued it till now. (ins was introduced into St. .John in lrt4r», and Mr. Rowan's i»rincip)d work for several years was in >j;as-pipinj; and lixtures. Although plumbing here commenced much earlier, it did not assume much imi)ortance before ISoi', sinct! wliich time the business has rapidly grown in magnitude, ni»vere Jamen Hendricks and Ralph .Tarvis, on North Wharf, and Munson Jarvis it Son, on South Whatf. In addition to these Mr. Dyer and Alex. Yeats, whose chief business was Saddlery, kept good assortments of the lighter kinds of hardware, and almost every shop had a small assort- ment, especially of such articles as are used in the household. Cut- lery, locks, pots, kettles, axes, hammers, nails, etc., were to be found aide by side with dry goods, groceries, woodenwwe, tins and liquors. Kvery merchant, in those days, was forced to receive dressed hogt^, l)oultry, potatoes, fish, etc., in exchange for his wares, and felt it. incuml)ent on him to keei> nearly every article recpiired by his cus- tomers. Hendricks and the Jarv'^es had, however, got fairly started in hardware as a specialty, and some of the general dealers were beginning to go out of the trade. The prices of some articles in this line were very liigh at that tii'.t^ as compared with the prices that rule now. Shingle nails, for example, were twenty-flve cents per iK)und, and some other kinds thirty cents, but they were wrought nails. Alex. Yeat^, soon after 18.3o, droi)ped the saddlery business and expanded the hardware branch of his trade into large proportions, and afterwards devoted himself almost wiiolly to shipping and the. iron trade. C. C. ^McDonald married Dyer's daughter, succeeded him. in the saddlery and hardware business, and turned his attention wholly to the ktter. Walker Tisdale vt Son, Thome ."v: Le»^, Wm. 11. Adams, the Carvills, McAvitys, Burpees and others opened new estab- lishments or succeeded to the proprietorship of old ones, and a fierce- and ruinotis comi>etition si»rang up in hardware, so ruinous that nearly all those who were engaged in it became bankrupts, more failures having occurred in this business, ])erhaps, than in any other. There are but two old concerns now in the trade, the rest being of comparatively recent establishment. The trade is one that requires constant watchfulness and judicious and cautious buying, as stocks are apt to become heavy and deteriorated. It has always been, especially in its heavier lines, more or less mixed up with shipping and shipbuiJ. ing, although the hardware dealers of St. J Am are not, like those of many other ports, dealers in ship chandlery. Tile charactei of the goods has steadily improved, farmers and. others demanding the best instead of the cheapest articles. Until recently the hardware all cume from England, with the exception of a few articles, but now the importations from the United States are very heavy. 8T. .rOlIX ANIf ITS UrSIVKSS. I i lin 'vere JameH unson Jarvis \' mil Alex.Yealf, iriment8 of the a small assort - ousehold. Ciit- jre to be found ins and liquors. e dressed liog!>, ,res, and felt il. Ted by his cus- i)t fairly started nl dealers were igh at that tin.e ingle nails, for me other kinds 'y business and 'ge proportions, lipping and the. succeeded him d his attention it Lee, Wm. II. ened new estab- ues, and a fierce. 30 ruinous that ankrupts, more an in any other. .e rest being of ,e that requires ying, as stocks s ahvays been, vith shipping >t. J ilni are not, iry. d, farmers and articles. Until lie exception oV iled States are GEORGE CARVILL, No. 4 Nelson Street. — (»- Mh. C.vhvii;i- is a native of Newry, County Down, Ireland, wliero he served an apprenticeship in the iron business. He came to this city in 1844, and went into the irou store of his brother, VVilliam Car\ ill, who came here from the old (country in ISo'd. lie managed the business for his brother, who went to Dublip, where he has remained ever since, and in 18r)0 he entered int"? partnership witli him under the style of William vt (teorge Carvill. This lirm continued till 18(50, when William's conuection ceased. Since 1844 the place of !)usinei-s has remained unchanged, Avith the warehouses in the same street. l''ormerly, with one jtartner in Dublin, the ht)use shipped largel; of lumber to that port, and received in return cargoes of iron, ar "vangement highly advantageous to tht'^ success of the house. The store and extensive Avar'.'houses of -Mr. Carvill give evidence of the large and thrifty business Avhich has been transacted by this old established house, which frr nearly forty years lias sui)plied material for the important and heavy manufacturing interests of St. John an.'' the Province. It carries a very comi)lete and heavy stock of all tlie metals in the shapes required by the trade — Bar Iron of all sizes and the various grades of coarse and refined, Avith a full line of Sheet Iron in all qualities, and a heavy stock of the various grades of Pig Iron. In Cast, German, Spring and Blistered Steel the assortment is large and full. Tin-i)late figures largely among the importations, together Avith Lead Pijie. Among the imported manufactures, whicli include mauy minor articles, are to be found such important Avares as .Vnvils, Vices and Bellows for Smiths' use, of the best makes, stiperior English Spikes and Anchors and Cliains. Patent Aletal for sliip's bolts is also largely in stock. The close attention given by this house for so numy years to the special lines of its trade, and the superior facilities within its reach for i»urchasing: stock, have built up a large business on a solid and enduring basis, to which straightforward aud honorable dealing have contributed in n:> little measure. ■ i > .• 1' % 78 ST. .TOllW AM) ITS 1{1'.S]>ESS. JAMES DOMVILLE & Co., "Wholesale Merchants, JVEST INDIA GOODS, TEAS, &c., Agents Cold Brook EoUing Mills Co. Mr. Domvillk is a meinhcr of I'mliamnit und President of the Maritime Bank of Canadr.. He Iins liad o\ ei' eight years' experience in the West India trade, mid tlie tinii does tlie largest business in the imi)ortation of Sugars, Molasses, etc., of any lioiLse in New Brunswick. Messrs. Domville v*l: Co. have offices at No. 1) Xorlh Wharf, and are lessees of tlie Brown and lltire ■\^■harves and wan houses at tlie foot of Union street. Shijis of largf size discharge cargoes of molasses, sugar, tea, etc., at the doors of their wareliouses, and Intercolonial Railway cars ai'« loaded and unloadt(l witliin a block, making the facilities of llie firm, for the transaction of business in heavy goods, of the very best character, a)id enabling tliem to receive and ship merchandise, eillier by land or water, at a small exi)ense for handling. The Cold Brook Boiling Mills were established over thirty-five years ago by the late Air. W. It. Scov'l, became tlie property of Alessrs. Domville, Scovil v^' Co. in 1807, and passed into tlie hands of the Cold Brook Rolling J! ills Co. in 187'5. Tin works include a Xail Factory at Cold Brook, and a Rolling Alill and Aierchant Bar Mill at Moosepath station on the Intercolonial Railway. Thev produce Cut Nails, Cut Spikes, Wrought Ship Spikes, R. R. Spikes, Merchant Bar Iron, Shij) Knee Iron, Mine Rails, etc., etc., of the very best quality. Tlie buildings ha^e been enlarged lately, and the newest and best machinery has been added to the establislmient. The works are run night and day, and ready sale is found for all they produce. A divi- l, when he went into the Sliips' Outfits and General Business in AVater street, in company w ith Mr. McMoran, under the style of ^icMoran it Dunn. In 18.'")2 the firm purchased tlu' Iron Business ot Thos. F. Ray- mond, Esq., rorner of Union and Smyth streets, and continued both stores until IS.'ttJ, when their warehouses in Water street lieing burnt, the business there Avas discfmtinued. In 185.") they established a shi]>yard at Dorchester Island, where tliey built five large sliii/s. In ISA" tliey closed tliis yard and resumed the business at Marsli Bridge, where they I)uilt four more ships. During tlteir sliii)buil»Iing operations, Mr. John Frederickson was their foreman. Ii. 1860 lion. .John Robertson built for them the large warehouse and office at tlie lower end of North Market Wliarf, into which they movod tlieir iron business. In LStiC) Mr. Dunn purcliased Mr. Mc- ^loran's interest in the concern, and adaed to it the business of Shi])s' Outfitt'ngs, carrying it on in his own name till 1871, when he asso- ciated with him .Air. L. II. Vaughan, son of Henry Vaughan, Esq., one of the partners of the late firm of D. iV T. Vaughan, with whom Mr. Dunn serA'-d his clerical apprt'.Iiceship, under the inesent style of Jas. L. Dunn & Co. The firm carry on the iron and metal business extensiAely, in which they keep a l-trge sto(;k constantly on hand, and they are prepared to furnish vessels of all sizes wit!i complete outfits. Their warehouse is most favorably located, an- and selling in which he had engaged while working on Ids fiitlier's farm. After conducting a protitftble trade for several years, ^ir. llayAvard sobl out, and went to .seek a better home and a quicker mode of getting rich in the Great ^>'est. After years devoted to rather unprofitable prospecting on the slopes of the Eocky Mountiiins and the J'acilic (;oast for tiie desired locality, he concluded to return 1o his native New Brunswick, richer in experience if not in money, and settle down nnd be content. In accordance with this resolutiim he returned, and, in 1870, entered the hardware house of ifessrs. Warwick, Clarke Si Co. as junior member, lie has since l)ought out both partners and beccnne sole proprietor of the business, which is now one of the niot-t inipt)rtanl and successful houses in the city. This is a strictly wholesale house in such lines of hardware as are generally kept by country merchants, and does a very large business with them. It is well known for the courtesy, imnnptness, careful- ness, and straightforwardness of its dealings with its customers, and in these characteristics is the secret of its great success in ^he jmst, the cause of the vapid growth of its trade at ]»rese;it, and the promise <)f its increased prosjjerity in the future. Th' ", ;v, which is anion}.; the largest and most varied in St. iloim in ail 'i i. >, of the hardware ))uainess, is shown with pleasure to all who wish to inspect it, am orders by mail or otherwise are filled without delay. The goods are all of the best tpiality, having been carefully selected from the ])ro- • luctions of the best maker3, and the prices are as low as they can be made. As the business is run in an economical manner, no expenses being incurred for .show or for ])ushing business beyond legitimate limits, snuill pvolits only are re(pured. The situation of the warehouse is central and convenient, being in the heart of the business portion <tness, careful- ;ustomers, and s in the past, id Hie jiroiuise hich is aaionj:; the hardware iispect it, an( I'he <;oo(ls are from the ])ro- as they r-an be r, no expenses ind hgitimate tlie warehouse orlion viile Scytjies, increasing' in e Factory, ilie iiiccs, and one wick's man II- W. H. THORNE & Co., Wh&lesalo aud Retail Dealers in llardwarc, Aitricnltural Implements, Mill Supplies, &c. CANTERBUKY STBEET AND MABXET SaUARE, COR. DOCK STREET. Agricultutal Warehouse, Paddock Street. Mr. Thouxe, n native of St. .John, was bred to the Hardware business with Messrs. I. vt V. Burpee & Co., and in 1867 started busi- ness (wholesale and retail) in ilarket Stjuare, co-itinuing till 1(S75, when he associated with K. C. Scovil, a native of King's County, who liad previously been hirgely engaged in lumbering on the Xorth Shove with head-quarters at Shediac. Their ]\[arket Square store becoming entirely inade in Dock street. William continued for some time, but retired in 18r»(), when his son, George Hutchinson, jr., in conniany witli his uncle (Jeorge, purcliased the concern, and carried it on under the firm of G. I'v: G. Hiitcliinson. In 1800 George retired, since which tiie pi-esent proprietor has conducted the business up to the present time. When the i^ld Coffee House was torn down to mak*' way for the ]n'esent I)uilding, tlie establishment made several mo\tv, and finally got back on the same lot where it started rtfty-six yenrs ago. Previous to 1810 this lot had been in l)Ossession of Chas. MclMierson, grandfallier of ^fr. Hutcliinson's wife. Mr. Ifntchinson deals in all tlie l)est makes of Kuro])ean and Ameri- can Watches and in tine Jewelliry, f nd witli a tirst-dass Copenhagen artisan manufactures to order jewellery not surpassed in Huro] e for style and finish. An e.:(Miisite tiligree set, costing S'JoO, was executed fA this establishment. The same artisan was enii)loyHd while in Co])enhagen upon a set for a member of the British Royal family. Very special attention is ]»aid to the rating of clironometers from comparison with astr'^nomical clocks, corrected by solar and sidereal observations. Mr. Hutchinson has a mounted transit instrinuent near his resi Is in ^fathematical. Optical and Xautical Instruments, in whicl' lie has an assortment of the best articles made in these several lines. I lis - ni is receiving his training in the estab- lishment, which nuikes an unbroken line of four generations in the important office of noting true tinu> and contributing to luibits of ])(mctuality, lIATTEir AND iLlUtlEB. 83 IWELLERY, street. italinn for four tor learued the try and carried II Londonderry, J I is destination but beinj; ship- npf unwilling U* Mr. Hutchinson ving street and • and formed a rge Hutchinson. treet. William Ills son, George ]>urcliased the utcliinson. In has conducted iffee House wits- estrtldishment le lot where it it hayal family. nometers from ar and sidereal istrument near le is the regu- ment superin- J louse at one I and Xautieal t articles made g in the estab- prations in the g to liabits of C. & E. EVERETT, Hatters and Furriers— Wholesale and Retail, 17 King Street. This old and well-e^^tablished house originated ■\\itli Mr. C. D. Kverett in Fredericton in 1824, who soon after associated with David Strickland under the style of Everett >& Sirickhiuil. In 1825 they established branch houses in St. John, and in !^firanlichi, Afr. Kverett moving to St. John the same year. In the great New Brunswick forest tires of that year, which destroyed Fredericton and Miramichi. their stores and factories in both places were burnt. In a year or two after, the firm dissolved, Mr. Strickland taking the Fr»Mlericlon and Mr. Everett the St. .lolin Imsiness, the latter continuing alone till 1848, when he took his son, Charles A., into partnersliip under the style of C. 1). Kverett \' Son. Tlli^ linn con- tinued till J8()(), when thc^ father retired, and Cliarlf s associated with him his brother, JCd^in J. Kverett, under tlie present style of C. I'v: K. Kverett. The first ])lac(; of business was in Dock streel — then in Market Stpinre, on the site of the London Hotise, till 18.'J7 — ihen in the old Coftee House, corner of King and Prince William streets, where they continued until I8r»2, when llie building was removed to give place to the (lillis Block, they locating on King street. The silk hat Avas unknown when tl:e founder of this house com- menc(d in 1824. Tiie hatter of that day worked in wool and fur, the greater jiart of which was of native growth. Various kinds of fur that never saw tiie beaver went into the Doaver hat. Thus Mr. Kverett naturally became a fur buyer and shijjper to the Knglish mai'ket of all descriptions not recpiired in his own hat nnuuifactory. The ])urcliase of native furs has lieen continued l)y this house down to the ]n'esent time, not however to lie used as formerly in making the Beaver hat, whose wa\ing nap has given place to the glossy silk hat which they manufacture in perfection, hut to be converted into the many articles of comfortable and elegant apparel for both sexes, while the bear, wolf, raccoon, wolverine, lynx, wild cat. buffalo, and other animals furnisli the skins from which tliis eslablisliment pro- duces the Robes so indisiiensable for the merry sleigh-riile or the more prolonged winter journey. The necessities of their trade have compelled them to extend their fur purchases far beyond their original limits. In the Kurojjean and North- Western markets, they purchase from first hands all the fashion- able furs produced in those countries, and their surplus native skins are sold in London by their agents, the celebrated I'ur merchants.. Lami)Son I'C' Co., with whom the Messrs. Kverett have done business for forty years. Over thirty hands find constant employment in the Fur, Hat and Cap Manufactory belonging to this establishment— the constantly increasing business giving evidence of the esteem in which the firm is lield by their large circle of customers. V S4 ST. JOHN AM) 1T8 IIUSINESS. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF IXSURANCK, ! I The busiiiesrt of iiisiivanoe is i)rominent among the lunny illustra- tions of tlie tendency to as.sociation which is at once the effect and the cause of advanciuj; modern civilization. By means of it the resources of many are aggivgated for the protection of each, each t)ne paying over a part of his prolits, so csniall as not to inconvenience him, and thus obtaining protection against a lows which would crush him; and what he pays helps to form the fund which indenniifies others. ITence commerce and enterprise arc ])romoted and devolopeil to an extent far beyond what would otherwisff be possible, and ventures are not only possible but prudent under the system which without it would be so rash that (nily the reckless would mulorlake them. By some it is supposed the practice of insurance Mas known among the Romans, but there is nothing authentic in regard to it. Chief .lustice Coke, in loSS, notices the jn-actice as a novelty. The tirst English statute which recognizes it is 4.'} Elizabeth, c. 12 (irtOi). Wisby, in his nuxritinie code, published probably about 1250, si)eaks •f it, but this is supposed to be an interpolation. It is possible insurance was practised centuries before it was recognized by law. The famous Lloyds had its origin in Lloyd's Coffee House in London, •whore merchants met to drink and talk over their ventures, and where they entered into insurance compacts. In 1720 (loveruiuent granted a monopoly to the Royal Exchange and the London Assurance Com]ianies, upon the payment of a large sum l)y them irto the (Jovernnient coffers, which, in connection with I he Lloyd -, ociipied the entire field till 1824, when these exclusive powers wert'. repealed and enlarged facilities permitted. Tlu^ London Assurance Company extended its oi)erations to Life insurance in 1721, The E([uitable of London is the oldest exclusive iiife Cojupcuiy. It began in 17t>2, and had the same i)remiums for all jiges. In 1780 it began to operate on a system of graduated tables. All the ai)o\o named Comjtanies are still existing. The subject of Fire insurance *vas first agitated immediately iipon the great lire in London in l('»G6, but no company was formed till J<)80. it was called the Fire Oitice, and was a proprietary concern. In ll)87 it appealeil to the Lords of Privy Council for pi-otection against an opposition comoany, and asked exclusive privileges because, as the memorial set forth, the proprietors "did invent and set up a new undertaking" in 1080 for insuring liouses. Tlu> Hand-in-lland Com- l)anv, still existing, v.-as instituted in lOOC), and added Life insurance in ism. It will thus lie seen that the business of Marine, Fire and Life insurance has long been in i)ractice, working up from a crude stale and a species of gambling, to a regular and well-d(!lined science of vast extent in its benelictnt operations. K. many illuslra- the effect and eans of it the I of each, each » inconveuience vh would crush ich indemnifies and developed ! possihle, and ! system wliicli juld imdoiiake J known amonjj; •d to it. Chief elty. The first 1, c. 12 (KWI). ut 1250, speaks It is possible ^nized l)y law. use in London, ventures, and )yal Exchange lent of a large onnection with these exclufcive I. •at ions to Life dest exclusive emiunis for all uluiitei tables. nediatelv upon •rnied till it'>80. icern. in 1()87 ion against an because, as the set up a new -in-Hand Coni- jjife insurance Fire and Life 11 a crude stale ned science of K; ST. JOH>i AM) ITS BlTSl NKSS Ho UNION MUTUAL Life Insurance Company of Maine. (OrffunixtMl 1840.) DIRECTORS' OFFICE, 153 TREMONT STREET, BOSTON. HENRY S. WASHBURN, Pres. W. H. HOLLISTER, Seo'y. SUPEBIKTENDENT FOB MARITIME PROVINCES, Head Office, Academy of Music Building, St. John, N. B. This firmly established Company has an unexceplionably successful record of more than a ([uarter of a century, issuing policies on all the most ai)proved i)opular plans, and l»y its well-won reputation for sound management and pronii»t dealing is rapidly extending its already large business, and stands in the front rank of those worthy institutions which have carried through yefivs the milliiins confided to them with integrity, care and tidelity. The twenty-fifth annual rejiort of this Company makes a must satisfactory showing. From this one would hardly thirk the jmst year a dull one. Its inemium receipts in \)^~') reached .«'l,()7(V-'^'"'» while in 1874 they reached S',<>'0,ir>l, l)eing a gain of elev n percent. At the same time there was a decrease in death-losses, ihe total of which Avas ,S-1 '»,'{,» i.'U. The Comi)any's interest receipts during the same time were snrtS,.');^, or f)ver S1, 132; and its zl,7o8 l)olicies in foive .Ijinuary, I87r», is 2,t,'r)() greater than at the close of the preceding year. Titere is also an increas.' of over one-half in the ]n'emiums on new business, those of 1873 being ,S320,432, and $;48.'{,22J> f«n' 1874. Tlie increase in assiets has also been large, being .S1,04(»,8CHt, (.r thirteen ]n'V cent, of those at the clos,' of 1873, the total being now .'S8,874,8.")iS. As for llie items which make up this aggregate, llie character of the Coiuix-uy's investments is unquestioned. Nothing better than tiiese investments exhil)its the characteristic solidity of the Company in all its departments. The large general increase of the Company's business is applicable also to its operations in Cana its agency was cstMltlislied here, and for the year 1874, 1,050 policies were issued against ')t)8 in 1873. It has a (lei)osit ■of S10i),000 at Ottawa for the protection of its Canadian policy-holders. ft i .!■ Jiii i I 86 8T. JOHN AM) ITU TIUSINKSH. C. E. L. JARVIS'S INSURANCE AGENCY, No. 2 Princess Street. Afn. Jakvis, a iintive of St. Jolin, in early liff ivsldtul In St. Jolin'H, N. F., whcro he wns onRtigfed in Marin*', Vm> and Tiife inMiraiieti for eight years, lie retmnu'fl to this city in 180r», and the next year watt appointeil (General ApMit for tlie Province of Xew ilrunswick of tlie Queen Iiisiiranco Coni[)any of Liverjiool and London, siicceedinf,^ the- hite (ieorge Styniesi. I[e was for several years Secretary of the Xew linmsw ick Board of Fire Underwriters, during whicli time two of the several tariffs* of rates adopted hy the Board, were jirepared by him. Move recently he was a]>pointed General Agent for Xew Brunswick and Prince Edward Island of tlie Accident Insurance Company of Canada, and General Agent for Xew Brunswick of the Canada Guarantee Company. The (^icen Company for Fire and Life insurance has a capital of S10,(KX),(XM), and has a business in the Province of Xiw Brunswick- second only to the Liverpool and London and Globe Company, having been represented here for seventeen years, and being the third oldest agency of British companies. It has paid lut in satisfaction of claims over $t),741,o70, of which, during the hist nine year:-, it has paid iu Xew Brunswick S I'M'),! 05. The Queen is one of the three Ih'itish companies whose investments and premiums in the United States exceed a million tf dollars. The Accident Insurance Comi)any of Canada, of which Sir .Vlexauder T. Gait, of AFontreal, is President, and Fdward Rawlings, Manager, is a new company whicii is growing into favor, and its business is rapidly increasing, tickets now being placed at stations on the Intercolonial and other railways. The Canada Guarantee Com])any is authorized by tlio Dominion and Provjncial Governnunts— heaool and liondon and Globe are connected in Princess stref't, an"», the Government granted to about seventy persons, then resident at Truro, the whole Township of Truro, about 80,0(X) acres. The names of both James and John Jijhnson above referred to ajjpear on thi.>< remarkable graiit, which is signed by (Toveruor Wilmot. With his father, Mr. Alexander !McNaugton ^larshall, and family, ^Ir. Robert ^Marshall removed to Chatham, in the County of Northumberland, Province of New Brunswick, in 1837, wliere, having passed through the Grammar School, in 184'J, as clerk and accountant, he entered tlte service of ^les-.srs. Johnson i^' Mackie, a large mercantile, lumber and shipbuilding lirm— an off-shoot of the well-known firm of Messrs. Gilmour, Rankiii Sc Co., occupying the same commanding position on the South, that the parent firm did on the North side, of the Miramichi River. In April, ISai), Mr. Marshall removed ftom ^Miramichi to St. John, the Government having appointed him accountant of the now Inter- colonial Railway. When he opened his office in the depot only nine miles of tlie road were completed from St. John, and about seventeen miles at the eastern end from I'oint du Chene to Moncton. He took an active part in organizing the respective offices upon the line and adopting a system of Returns and Accounts, having visited the United States, Ontario and (Juebec for the jjurpose of examining me systems used by other railroads. In May, 1866, Mr. ^Marshall organized his present Fire and ^larine Insurance Agency. ILe now represents, as General Agent for the Province of New Binmswick, the following Companies: The Imperial ill IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 ///// / ^ %^ j%§ 1.0 I.I i&ni |25 |5o '■^" inn^s i \& III2.0 1.25 1.4 Photographic Sciences Corporation 1.6 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 88 BOHEKT MARSHALL. I'ire lusiirance Company o? London, estnblishec' in 1803, one of the oldest English Fire Companies doing business in Canada; capital i;2,000,000— I'lOt) of the paid-up capital of this Company sells in the London market for £S'JtO, and averages a dL^•i(lend of forty-two i»er cent. i)er annum ; — the JFAim Insurance Company of Hartford, organ- ized in 1819; capital and cash assets, S<1,000,000;- the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, of Hartford, organized in 1810; capital and cash assets, S2,r)»H3,00O; — the British America Fire and Marine Assurance Company, incorporated 1833; capital and cash assets, §000,000 and upAvardfe: head office at Toronto;— the Plienix Insurance Company, of Brooklyn, N. Y., incorjwrated in ]8')3, Fire and Inland Marine, with capital and cash assets exceeding $2,000,(XX). These old- established and Avealthy companies, amongst the very best in England, Canada and the United States, insure at the current rates. In the aggregate they have ui)\vards of $300,000 deposited at Ottawa. Mr. Marsliall is also Attorney and Broker for Xew Brunswick Lloyds Association of Marine Underwriters, organized by him in 1872, and Agent for the Merchants' ilarine Insurance Coni])any of Canada; capital !8|1,000,000, with \}ovrer to increase to S2,000,000. The aggre- gate losses paid by all these associations since their organization reaches the enormous sum of nearly S90,03, one of the nada; capital [ly sells in the forty-two i)er rtford, orfjfnn- Ilailford Fire [)ital and casli ine Assurance SOOO.OOO and i Company, of ilanaper to the Ministry "t Ottawa, with a special despatch, in which his Lordship referred to the great importance of the subject, and the attention the subject was receiving in England, and asking for it the early consideration of the Ministry. An Act was subseipienlly passed limiting deck loads lo the West Indies, during the winter months, to four feet six inches, and to Great Britain, during same months, to three feet. An effort is now being made, at the suggestion of the Dominion Board of Trade, to secure a convention of the Governments of the United States an«i Canada to a, Mr. ^farshall submitted a very able report ujwn the subjects of Fire and Life Insurance, indicating the course the Government should adopt in reference to these important subjects, which report, after prolonged discussion, was unanimously adopted; and already Parliament has given practical effect to the leading suggestions therein made. Mr. Marshall's insurance record extends over a wide field, and 8ho\\ s a deep insight into all the various matters which are legitimatel\ connected with this important subject, and a potential intluence in securing needed reforms in insurance legislation and regulations. His success in the direct management of the companies of which he holds the agency is also in the highest degree creditable to his administrative ability. At the fifth annual meeting of the Dominion Board of Trade, held at Ottawa in Januarj', 1875, Mr. Marshall was unanimously elected Vice-President for the Province c f New Brunswick. lie has been an active member of the St. John Board of Trade, as well as that of King's County, since their fonnation, ani)ing of Canada, and the Ottawa Ministry are at the jn'esent time negoliating with the Im- perial Government with a view to have the suggestion carried into jnvictical ojjeration. Mr. ifarahall also holds, nnder date of Oclobcr 17th, IROT. a com- mission as Lieutenant in the Second Battalion of tlie .St. John Light Infantrj'. He is also a life member of the Young Glen's Christian Vssociation of St. John. iin. marsiiall's masonic iikcord. Upon the demise of the late lion. Alexander Keitli, M. L. C, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Robert Marshall, Esijuire, was appointed Provincial C-rr.ind Prior of Knights Temjjlar in -Vova Scotia and Xew Brunswick, in his i)lace. According to the CrcfUinan, Mr. Marshall holds a ilistinguished position in Ihe Masonii; fraternity. He is nt jiresent DejMily Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of \ew Brunswick, and President of the Board of General Purposes — Past (iraud Superintendent of Royal Arch ilasonry— Past Grand Master of (irand Council of Royal Select Masters and Aj.pend- ent Orders — Inspector-General in New Brimswick for the Graiid Council of Royal Ark Masons of England— Ins])ector-General of the Order of Red Cross of Rvime and Constant ine, S. of the H. S., under l)atent from the Earl of Bective — A Life Member of the "S^veden- borgian Rite of Freemasonry" — Representaliv^ of the Graiui Council of Royal and Select Masters' v)f the Slate of ilassaohusetts near the Grand Council of R. and S. blasters and Appendent Orders of the Province of New Brunswick— Connuander-in-Chief of the Haringtou Sovereign Consistory (32") of the Ancient and Accejjted Scott i,
  • rk in le tiovt-r])- his matter [einoiit ft^r ami olliers Doniiuion take steps ial I'arlia- a, Riul tlie h tlio Ini- irried into W)7. a coni- oim liif^ht s Christian J. L. C, of ft][>l>ointed Scotia and tuman, Mr. fraternity. Lfal^e of Piu'i-cses — ?ast Grand d Aj.pend- the (irand eral of tlie I. S.. under "Swfden- ind Council 1 8 near the lers of llie : llarinjjion iOtti.kk's parents came to St. John from London in 1820. His father, the Rev. William Temple, vas sent out as a missionary to these Provinces by the Wesleyan Mi^ionarj' Society. While a lad Mr. T. entered the office of Hatchford & Brothers, shipping and commission merchants, in Nelson street. In 1845 he became a member of the iirm of Coburn •& Temjjle, of Fredericton. From thence, in couseciuence of ill-liealth, he removed to New York in 1852, doing a commission business there until 1864, when personal interests demanding his attention here, he retunied to this city, and ten years ago, established his Insurance Agency. His Marine business, which had assumed large proportions, was at first principally carried on by individual underwriting, but in con- sequence of the panic of 1872, a number of underwriters having wiflidrawni, this organization was closed up, and it is now done e.xolusively % incorporated comijanies. Mr. Temple's facilities for placing laf'je lines of Marine insurance on hulls, cargoes and freights, to and from hU parts of tlie world, are first-class. Among the Companies doing business through him are, the Atlantic Mutual of New York ; assets SlG,Ci03,584— Pacitic ^lutual. New York, S 1,020,367 — Millville Mutual, N. J., 81,309,789, and Merchants' Marine, of Ban- gor, 8301,206, by all of which losses are equitably and promptly met. In 1866 Mr. Temple was appointed General Agent for the Union Mutual Life Insurance Company, and established agencies in Nova Scotia, P. E. Island, Newfoundland and ^"vniuda, doing a proti table business. Declining a renewal of the conv»act with that company, which expired in 1872, lie \v ^s appointed Attorney for the Dominion for the Mi-rrnopoLiTAN Life IxsunAxcE Company of New Y'^ork, and Superintendent for the ^laritime Provinces. The evident sujieriority of the plans of the Metropolitan over the old forms of insui-ance, was 80 palpable as to secure for it, en Its introduction, a line of business iseldom equalled by any company coming into the Dominion. In its Reserve Endowment and Reserve Dividend plan, it claims a combination of advantages— a greater variety of benefit — more of •eqiuty, simplicity and security, and a larger adaptation to the varied interests of insurants than characterizes any other plan before the public. The character of its management is exemiilifted in tlie elec- tion of such men as the H(mi. ex-Governor Wilmot, of Fredericton, and John S. Maclean, Esq., President of the Bank of Nova Scotia, of Halifax, as full members of the Home Board of Directors, for the purpose of conserving the interests of the policy-holders in the Dominion. Mr. Temple's successful Agency is founded upon the principles of equitable, prompt and liberal dealing. 1| 02 ST. .TOHX XSD ITS T1US[N£SS. THE LUMJ^Ell TKADK. *! I New Bi'iui.^wick being a country originally covered with magnifi- cent forestti, the first business of its i)Coi»le nafurally became the cutting and exporting of timber to other countries where sylvan ■wealth -was less abundant. Over a largo i>ortion of its area lofty pines grew in great profusion, and at a Aery early period the pines on the St. John River became a subject of concern both to France and Kngland for the supply of nuists for the navies of these countries. When Acadia finally passed into the possession of Kngland the Royal \avy ■was to -large extent sui)plied with nuists from the St. John, and masts and spari' may be said to have been the first articles of exjuirt deriveil from the forests of New 13runswick, The English Oolonists who settled on the St. John River in 17()4 devoted themsehes mainly to agricidture, and ])aid little attention to hnnbering. K\ en after the advent of the Loyalists, in 17S3, the hunber export of St. John was for some years tpiite inconsideraI)le. No direct trade with Great BritaJu then existed, the commerce of the St. John ^Mjople for many years subsecpient to 178.^ being almost entirely with the United States and West Indies. But that trade, such as it Avas, is scarcely worthy of mention here, as it has little or no connection with the present lunxber trade of St. John, the great staple of that day being pine, as the great staple of the present day is spruce. White ]>ine timber was the lirsl regular nrticle of private trade exported from Saint John to Great Britain, but in those early days St. John had many rivals as a place of export, the lumber trade of Saint Andrews and Miramichi being, in the year 1824, as large, if not hirger, llian that of St. John. The great fire of Miramichi in the following year gave the trade of that port a blow from which it was long in recovering, and about the same period Saint Andrews comnuMiced to fall behind St. John in the ex- port of luml)er. The first spruce deal ever inade in Xew Brunswick Ava» ciit in the year 18H>, and Uie first cargo, Avhich consisted of ()nly 1(X),(-)0ened with depi'eciated stocks, glutted markets, and no- l)uyers, and cargoes of lunii)er sent from St. John to Liverpool did not yield enougli to pay tlie frtiight. But our city, though sorely stricke)i, was not utterly destroyed, and its trade presently revived. In 1828 the exports of the Province, mainly lumber, were valued at $i,22.">,ir>" of which about one third went from St. John. The imports for the same year were in value §3,127,803; both imports and exports being greater than in 1824, which was a year of almost unexami)led pros- perity. Thest' figures show how rajiidiy St. John and the rest of the Province rallied from the disasters of I82(i. In 1829 the exports of St. John were valued, in the Custom House returns at $1)25,229, and we lind in that year the exports of lumber from St. John were in value as follows : — For United Kingdom $339,778 '» " British Provinces in Africa, 3,27") " British Xortli American Colonies, 7,4.'')9 " British We,st Indies, 88,9Sr> " United States 14,787 " The Brazils, 1,778 $408,0(')2 In 1829 the total exports of the Province were valued at $2,499,044, so that the exports of St. John were more than one third of the whole exports of the Province. The imports of the Province in the same year were valued at S3,101,()4.'), of wliicih St. John im])orted $1,704,757, or considerably more than one half. Since 1830 the lumber tra.de of St. John has gone on increasing, and although it has experienced several checks from various causes, none of them have been serious enough to do it any permanent injury. One of the most notable was the repeal, by Great Britain, of the duties on Baltic timber, which exposed colonial woods to competition Avith the foreign article. These duties were finally removed in spite of the ])rotest8 of the colonies, in accord.ance with the new free ti*ade policy of the mother country., The measure had a serious effect on the interests of Xew Brunswick in common with the other timber producing colonies.. Notwithstanding that circumstance the export of lumber from Saint John is much greater tlian it was before the duties were removed. The character of our export has, however, changed. Formerly enormous rpumtities of pine timber were shipped, now the amount of that nrtic'» exported from St. John is rpiite insignificant. The JJ4 THE LUMBliU TJtADE. t : I ! Ill b r I'll i rtnnice dei.l has now becouie our gvtat staple. How ♦Miorniously tlie export of this article has increHsed in less than tliirty years may be t,r).'i7,(J(K) sii^)ertieial feet of boards were shipped from St. John and ontports; in 1874 4(),024,(MK) snpeiiicial feet of boards were shipped from St. John idone, and in 1874 we shipped fewer boards than for numy years before, owing to the panic in the United States. In 1872 our sldpme nt of boards amounted to 8rt,'M\,- <)00 euiMjriicial feet. The vahie of the exitorls from St. John duiing the last fiscal j'ear was Si.'l,9ir),.'M>2, of which about two-thirds was lumber. The bulk of our siwn lumber ;roe8 to Great Britain in the shape of Biu'uce deals, of which we sent upwards of one Jamdred and ninety miw/(w superficial feet last year— enotigli to make a platform 12 feet wide that would i-oach from New York to IjiverjKJol. Nearly lialf of the deals 8!upj)ed from St. John went to Liverpool last year, and nearly one-fourth of them to Ireland We are beginning' to es- tablish a' considerable trade in deals with the continent of Euroije, Avhich gives great promise of becoming of largt^ dimensions. The bulk of the boards, scantling and [)lank sliipped fiom St. John goes to the United States, though we are now sending a good deal to South America. Our trade in sugar box shooks with Cuba is in a depressed state, owing to the unsettled state of affairs iu that island, And likewise owing to the use of bags instead of boxes to a consid- erable extent. The future of this trade is uncertain. The following table will enai. ^e the rea5,7«t2 1,142 295,985 1,137 30<),78.-> 951 3S!J,19ti 1 898 •&M 094 098 279,543 Pine Timbtr. "i'ons. 240 408 129 13 790 1,4S1 1,820 l,(i40 4,557 9,474 8,383 8.485 17,793 18,748 Birch Timber. Deals. Jiuards, Sca'ling Hud plk Tons. *M. M. 9,;ios ^5,329 4,094 820 10.288 5 947 ltl,753 501 1,244 10,878 405 5i2 44,012 .'>03 •;,;s9 i;0,792 744 283 19,412 12 3 10,008 19 0.703 921 20,3»0 2,395 847 '8,288 2l7,rai 4<(,024 11,241 208,624 57,802 ] 0,791 140,(54» !!5,9!>0 9,702 149,219 is;t,543 7,3(iO 1.^.5,3:jl 83,150 10.152 144,931 08,070 7,021 178,iS8 67,941 5,»(>S 103,203 42,522 H,3'n l.'-.8,283 :;5,293 0,498 1(W.352 43,334 Sugar Box Shooks. 503,460 3,830 507,295) 804,348 1,110748 912,589 977,950 T, 024 556 1,119884 093,6l'6 654,880 427,922 of fpet, WilHam * M. signiiies one thousand fet-t. r enormously tliirty years (luj^ntity of 27,3(50 super- roin St. John rt(n'e shipijecl i'lcial feet of 4 we 8hii»ped panic in the :ed to 8r.,y9(»,- John iUiiiug kvo-lhirds was Britain in the e hundred and te a platform i-pool. Nearly pool last year, jinni.a^ to es- \ni of Europe, lensions. The St. John goes good deal to Cuba is in a iu that island, 8 to a consid- The following te of the lum- irevious years : ST. JOHX FOR 1. Uoards, bugar Sca'ling Box Hiid pl'k Shooks. M. 4,UU4 5 501 405 ;)»j3 714 12 10,068 503,400 2«,3»0 3,83U 2,395 847 4(1,024 f.7,S02 s;i,r)43 83,150 68,070 57,941 42,522 :;5,293 43,:5:J4 507,29}) 864,348 1,110748 912,589 977,956 T, 024 556 1,119884 683,616 554,880 427,922 8T. JOHN AXI) ITS nUSr\ES8. 05 JJJIXkE CUSHLNG &- CO., Xuiufaoturan of tad Dealan in LUMBER AND SUGAR BOX SHOOKS. Thbophii.us and Andhk Ccsinxo, fron; Fi-ankfort in the State of Maine, comnTenced the nianufact'»reof lumber at Union Point, just above the Suspension Bridge on the Carleton side, in the spring of 18.">1, at what were thon known as the Tid» Mills. These were elected in the wild speculation times of 18.T(» and '3*1, chiefly by Bos- ton capitalists, under the title of '• The St. John Mills & Canal Com- pany." In the deep cutting across the rocky point, the building of the dam on the south side and the mills placed upon it, they expend- ed nearly a half million dollars, from which scarcely any return was realised. All that remain of their ill-advised experiment are the canal an' the ruins of the dam. Messrs. Gushing bought the property on the extreme point, and io 1852 erected a steam saw-mill with four gates. It was destroyed by Are in ISTw, and being rebuilt was again burnt in 1869. At first their business was confined chiefly to the manufacture of Pine lumber for the United States markets, being of the best qualities of Aroostook and ui>-riv\;r Pine. The mills being favorably located for winter business, they soon commenced the manufacture of Sugar Box Shooks and cheaper qualities of lumber for the West India niarket. The manufacture of Shooks has been continued as a winter business ever since. The largest winter's work has been 300,000 Shooks. Hr. Geo. B. Cushing, son of Theophilus, who had represented his- father's interest in the firm since 1855, became a partner in 1857, and in 1861 his father transferred to him the balance of his interest and retired. Since then there have beei no changes in the firm. The mills are most favorably situated for the lumber business, hav- ing ample and safe w iter above the Point for the storage of logs and piling grounl.\ESS. 5 '■ GUY, STEWART & Co., Reed's Building, Water Street. Tuic orif^finator of tliin llrni was Mr. (Jt't)r<,'»i (iiiy, cf .\»nvry, Ireland, who sonu' llfly years aal one being in Newry, in charjje of Mr. Riclmnl George (Juy and Kobert A. Stewart, and the other branch being establislied in S;..John, in charge <^f Air. .John Stewart, wh(» came out liere at that lime for the purpose. About two years ago the princi])al hoicse removed its head-8,(MK) tonnage. Tile whole amomil of deals shipped from this port last year was 2iy,7(»l,r»()."» feet of deals; 7U0 tons of pine timi)er, and IS.fifiS tons of bircli timber, in 420 shi]i)s, registering 27'5,7(>o tons. It will be seen that more than oue-fifth of the whole shipment was by this firm. T!iey also do a very large lumber business on the North Shore, at Miramichi, Shediac, Richibucto, etc. Their shipment from Miramichi last year was about 29,lXXMX)0 feet deals out of a total of «4,0(X),(X»(». Their total shipment from St. John and Minimichi was nearly 74,(X)0,- 7 t^^ppyns. nvry, Ireland, It' luiuher ami !« in the Nortli > death, wliieli I (icorge Guy, I'tMled to tilt) years, when, A. and John enii)loy. The »al one Iteinjjj i. nearly 74,(XX),- i IXifien, Ga., S. T. KING & SON, Manufacturers and Shippers of Lumber. — o- A siiAKi' bend in the right bank of the St. John river, a fhort dis- tance above the Falls, fonns a little bay known as Alo8<|uito Cove. Afessrs. King's mills (formerly known as Mngley's mills) occupy an advantageo\it' position on the shore of this bay, and the homes of their numerous employees duster around them, making ijuite u village, lligli wooded hills affonl a perfect shelter, protecting the logs in the bo«)n« and the vessels at the wharves from the etfects «)f stornjs. The water is so deej) that vessels of as large size as usually load above the Falls lie afloat at the whiirves at all times. The booming facilities are large, convenient and safe, rafts l»eing received and the logs distributed, assorted and selected for sawing with the least possible loss of lime anowning liouse in Great Britain, liaving one him- ilred ami twenty ships. At different times Mr. John Pollock and Alexander Bankin, head of the Miramichi house, both now dead, !ind Mr. (Jeorge Young, now in LiveriK)ol, were members of tlie St. John house. Mr. Rankin went to LiveriJool in 1840, and oi»ened the Liverpool brand), still retaining on interest here. In 1851 Mr. Krancis Fergxison, who came from Ayr- shire, Scotland, in 1820, and founded the Bathurst branch, came to this city, and became principal manager, and since the death of Mr. Rankin, in 1871, has been sole propi^ietor, still retaining the old firm name. The first millh owned by the concern in this Province were on t'ae Nashwaak, which were sold some years ago to Mr. Alexander Gibson. It now owns and carries on one of the most extensive mills on the river, at Indiantown, and situated most advantageously for loading vessels directly from the mill, and with ample piling grounds. It has one single and three gang saws, circular saws, and the necessary machinery for manufacturing clapboards, staves, palings, lathe, paving blocks and sugar box shooks, in which last the concern has had a large trade Avith the West Indi*. Tlie annual manufacturing capacity of the mill is alwut 20,000,000 feet of deals and Hoards, 10,000,00() laths, and other short lumber in proportion. A steam engine of about one hundred and twenty-five horsewi )wer drives the works, and from one hundred and fifty to two hundred men are employed about the mill. It owns timber lands on the Aroostook waters, and operated tc some extent, but mostly supplies the mills with i)urchaBed logs. Tlie largest product of the mill was in ISCS, when one hundred and forty- six vessels, of over 75,000 tonnage, were required for the shipment. It is probablj' the oldest existing lumber house in the city, and has a wide fame. NT. .lOIIV A\f) ITS lirsiXKMS. m TIIK M.\>aM'A(;TURK8 OK SAI.VT JOHN. -imber, St. .lolin in n consisted I wltli some ranch of the ' wliic'h the 'C, Montreal ) ill London laving been one time it jg one hiin- kin, head of ling, now in ikin went to retaining on 1 from Ayr- i\\, came to eath of Mr. he old firm rere on t'.ie der Gibson, lills on the for loading rounds. It e necessary iths, paving has had a 3g capacity io,ooo,ooa ne of about an4, produced an advanee in nearly every! liing which U»ul l)pf«>re been imported from the United StRte?, Then it be- came evident to our jwople that their money could be juveHted in many home manufHeturett with a reanouable prospect (»f cpiick and protttftble veturiis. Tlioy tried the experiment and have not been dis- appointed. Befiu'e that lime, boots and shoes, household furniture, cotton yarns, oastingrt, agricultural implementti, and carriaget* and vehicles of all kinds had been foremost in the list of impoa-tations. At the |)i*esent day they are manufactured in the city in suuh (piantilies as tO' check, in a great degree, their importHti»ui from abroad. In 1807 came the confederation vf the Provinces, and it came in just the right tinu; to give an extra impetus to the struggling manu- factures. A large market was thus o|K?ne(l, and the mechanics were not slow to avail themselves of such an opportunity. Th*>y jmt their energies forth, and from that time the growth of the manufactures h.'iskeift pace with the hoiH>s of those who, despite the prophecies of eril, then looked forward to a brighter future for New Brunswick. .'it the present day the din of the industry is heard in every di- rection, the smoke of the factory chimneys blackens the air, and the tokens of native industry givet the eye alike in the uumsious of the wealthy and the homes of the humble. Among the ancient crafts, dathig back to the time of the cunning Cain, we find the workers in metals, ami in all ages have they been found among the most useful and most honored of citizens, — " For sinw th« Inrtli of tliiuw, luul in all ages iintl nations, Hun the craft of the smlMi Itwn held In repute by the pei»i)le," TIIK IJLACK8MITHS, the oldest of all iron workers, hail, of course, representatives among the early settlers, and the most prt>minent of these aj.pears to have been one Oustrad, who amimg other things ciuumenced the manu- facture of scythes. His two sots followed his trade for many years. At a later period, David Hogg enjoyed a line local reputation as a skillful worker in metals. At the present day, the blacksmiths of St. John, including anchor smiths. Sec, are 27 in number, and e, Uv) ■Ml of about S'">^">,000 for vrapfes. Tlit^ lUiiterial produced eacli yf ar is valued at over S-J4<), iijanufacture of KDliK TOOI-S lias ftTown to be an important branch of industry, there being now three factories giving employment to 20 men, and paying wages to the extent of |!13,<>J0 annually. In addition to the scythe niaUor previously mentioned, the first man who made a specialty of the manufacture of edge tools was James Ward, who at an early period in the city's history established a factorj' in York Point, and during his time acquired ai enviable celebrity. .\n edge tool maker was batUy required if Ave are vo Itelieve the story of James Hendricks, who sent an order to England fo: two hundred Harrie i^t Co. now stands, manufactured Sew Brunewick's first cut nail. This industry was carried on by the firm for about a year,two macliines doing the work and pioducing, together, at the rate of .'"tO tons annually. In 1838, the machinery, together with tlie good will of the business, was purchased irom Harris it Allan by W. H. Scovil, wh') renu)ved the works to Cold Brook, in the Parish of Simouds. This step was the first towards the establishmei. -d a large and lucrative business, and tlie fruits of Mr. Scovil's enterjn'ise Are now seen in ihe extensive I'stablishments known as the (johl Brook Nail Factory and Moc-^epath Iron and Rolling Mills. In 1849, Wm. H. Adams and S. R. Foster started the eratiou seven ye"-. The number of men eni])loye,7:iO tons of Xails ami 8i)ikes are .annually produced. The capital employed is .$i'>."0,00!(, ar,d the amount paid in annual wages is !i?r»(vS(M». Sini' liHKAl) AM) JMSiLll. The names of Stephen Humbert, John (^lark, Henry (iardner, Dan- iel Smith, and Skead Partelow are mentit)iied among the bakers wIk* plied their trade in St. John during the early i)art of the jn-esent i-en- tm'y, when rye was an important component of the brea SHOES. There are 7" shoemaking establishnienls in the City and Counlj- tif St. John. Tliese employ 107 1 men and Avomen. The annual wages paid are S2('.J,(>()l). The value of the raw material used is t.^ll.oOC), and the articles produced are worth $717,(W*-. itiin Ks. There are three brick and tile-making concerns in Si. John. The cai)ital invested in brick and tile-makiug is ^.jt»,000. The iirst iirick house built in St. John is still standing at the corner of (iermain and •Church streets. It was built of brick imi»orted from Scotland by Koah Diabrow, and is one of the curiosities of St. John. rMUNKT AM) I't nXITrillXMAKiyCi. The manufacture of fijrniture was not carried on to anj' extent be- fore 1810, when the card of Thomas Nisbett first nmde its api)ear- ance. fn 181(5, Adams v*c Sniitli, and Robert IJox, late cabinet maker to His -Majesty (ieorge the Fourth, went into tlie trade. They were ; ■ I 102 THE MAXUFACTUKES OF ST. JOHN. I!;in I; all good workmen, but their business was confined to the production of articles of utilitj-, rather than of luxury. August, 1817, found Alexander Lawrence entering into the business, his shop being three doors below Foster's corner, King street. lie was the father of Joseph W. and George H. Lawrence who still carry on the business. Soon after Mr. Lawrence entered upon the business a number of chair makers commenced to i)ly their vocation, and among these was Jacob Townsend. lie subsequently went to the United States and became the celebrated Jacob Townsend whose name is api^ended to the world-famed Sarsaparillajthough how he became the founder of, aad amassed a fortune from, that well-known remedy, is not explained. Messrs. Smiler, John Dunn and Thos. Hay, are worthy of a notice among the old-time furniture makers. Dunn was the first to intro- duce steam in this branch of industry, and Hay was best known as a Windsor chair maker. The business of these was, however, on a small scale, and the first extensive use of steam power in the trad* was by Mcsers J. & G. Lawrence, at Silver Falls, in 18r»4. In 18.'«8 they were burnt out of these premises and have since worked in the city. At the pre sent time, thougli large quantitiesi of furniture are im- ported from the United States and Canada, St. John has three exten- sive steam manufactories, besides several thrifty establishments where steam is not employed. Altogether, there ai-e 10 concerns em- ploying 1.50 hands, and paying yearly wages to the amount of $r)0,000. Raw material to the value of $50,000 is annually worked uj), and i* made to yield 8100,000. The capital invested i;? ^148,000. CARniA(iK MAKING. It is obvious that the early settlers of St. John were not given to carriage driving, for the very simple reason that carriage roada did not exist in the land of their adoption. Paths answered tho limited requirements of those who journeyed, and horses and saddle* were the UAiversal moxplained. of a notice St to intro- known as a rever, on a n the trade I In 18i-i8 ked in the re are i>n- ivee exten- iblishnients incerns eni- of $r)0,000, up, and i& not given iage roada nvered the ind saddles elier. Pan- lie carriage ighwaj', an oles which nds on the onveyance Is, and tliiH rtown for urd Sands, imported swick. It was an English phaeton, and it may be safely inferred that the occasion of its appearance on the streets was one of no small commotion among the boys and girls of the jHjriod. This conveyance was drawn by two horses, for a mail stage between Kingston and St, John, that road being the first carriage drive oMt of the city. In 1820, one Peterson commenced to manufacture carriages as a trade, and was soon followed by Samuel Skinner in Ridler's Alley. Other factories arose in time, but it was not until 1854 that steam was applied to the industry. This stroke of enterprise was due to the efforts of Jeremiah Harrison, of Portland. Two years later, Messrs. Crothers, Price & Shaw, began to employ steam in their establishment, and since then the business has continued to flourish, every year tend- ing an increased demand for carriages of native manufacture. There are now 10 carriage and sleigh manufactories in the city and suburbs, giving employment to about 120 mechanics, with a yearly expendi- ture for wages of over S43,o80. The raw material U8t?d is of the value of at least ^40,000, and when manufactured amounts to over $112,000. The capital invested is $60,000. COOPERAGE. Few, save the old iuliabitants, are aware that " Cooper's Alley," as the lower portion of Church street is still called, is the scene of the oper- ations of St. John's first cooper. This man was Andrew Smart, who lived and plied his adze during the early part of the city's history, and who made the tubs, jiails and water casks for the liard working Loyalists and th'eir hard working wives. The industry is one which has had a fair increase, there being now r» shops, employing about 10 hands, who receive altogether nearly $4,500 in wages, and from about $3,000 worth of material produce between $10,000 and Si 1,000 worth of stock. A large number of men are engaged during the winter months in the manufacture of fish barrels. HARNESS :MA1vINO. Jacob Roome, of St. James' street, manufactured harueiss, to a small extent, as far back as 1795, and was the pioneer of tluit industry in Xew Brunswick. It is now assuming good proportions, there being y shops, employing about 03 workmen, who receive nearly f2G,208 for annual wages. At least $50, liands ; pny at least iSilT.VHX) in wfiges, consiinie about $ir)0,(XK) worth of raw matcvial, and put about $;o(H>,0(>0 wortli of mauufacluivd avtielcs upon the market each year. Tliere are about 'JO otiier foundries, ete., in other ])arts of tlie Provinee. The capit.il imested in St. John is .$4().-),000. Tiie first importation of pipj inm was maile by Harris \' Allan, and consisted of twenty tons, a large quantity in those d:iy«. {''rom this lot was cai*: tlio lirst Franlvlin stove made in Xew Brunswick, tlie order being given by .Mr. Jeremiah Gove. ^Ir. Vanwart, of Long Reach, gave tlie first order for mill castings, tliese being sonu- v»-inged gudgeons. Jn 183it Mr. i''ieniing constructed thf (irst c'.)nii»lete en- gine and boiler. A better idea of tlie i)rogress and preseiit extent of this imjiortant industry, may be obtained by a i»erusal of the bio- graphical sketches of the leading fouinlryiuen. These are so s.ifli- ciently descriptive of the advances made , when we lind the name of "William Melick as the pioneer tanner. D, Ansley, John Jonlan and a Mr. Harding soon after engaged in the trade, and in 1838 liar/ilia Ansley introduced steam into the work. St. John now has iive extensive steam tanneries, em- ]>loying about 7."> hands, and paying over S">(>,00(> annually for Avages. 3kins, etc., to the value of over )$7r»,0(X», are made into leather, which brings over $ l.')0,(KK) per annum. The capital invested is $18'.VX)0. lAIl.OllS AND Cl.OIIIIKRS. Nearly eight hundred men and women fuid employment in the manufacture of clothing in St. John City and County. Not more than tifty of tliese are under sixteen years of age, and the Avages of all amount yearly to nearly 8I0O/KX). Out of about $4(X»,00<') worth of cloth their busy hands produce nearly S7(M.),(»00 worth of clothing of all kinds, ajid suitable for evevv rank and occupation. Two-thirds i>f these are women. The capita invested is $r>2.'»,()(K). St. John's first '• fashionable tailor*' made his bow to the public about the year 1800. His name was ^fatthew Partelow, and as every- thing was made to measure, without the modern haste, he, doubtless, was an individual of no inconsiderable magnitude in the estimation i*f the townsfolk. Ready-made, or "sloj)" clothing, was introducad about 18"J0 by William Smith, who afterwards enjoyed the reward of iiis enterprise in the title of " Ready-made Smith,"' bestoAved on him by the appreciative public. Ready-made clothing was afterwards imported to a very large extent, and it is only Avithin a feAV years that the lioniP production has been nearly sufficient to exchule the English importations. woor.LKx n.oiii aiakim. is an industry Avhicli has not Nourished in St. John, and steam fac- tories are of comparatively recent introduction. The latter Avas afterwards burned : and another factory, subsequently started near the .Marsh Bridge, Avas burned in June liist. The ^fispeck Woollen Mills are ]U)w idle. A large (pumtity of wooMen cloth is still woven by hand in A'arious parts of the country, but .comparatively little of it finds its AA-ay to the city. The munufacture of woollen is at i)resent badly in need «f capital and enterprise to mak(5 it a success. COTTOX FA(T()I{Ij;s. In '•ivong contrast to ihc non-succes.' of the manufacture of woollens i\ 100 THE MANUl'ACTURES OK ST. JollX. the cotton factorj' of MeesM. Parks & Sou clainio attention. It is a success iu every way, ami is yielding satisfactory linanciU returns for the enterprise of the proprietors in venturing upon .^o large an •outlaj' in what was at the time a doubtful experiment. Tif Misi^ck and Silver Falls Mills are also in successful operation, and the prospects are that both will be taxed to their utmost to supply the export and home demand. About 215 hands are enijiloyed, at a yearly cost of over $25,000. The raw material used is Aalued at about ^170,000, and the value of the cottons produced is o^er .^^rjCOfH). The capital invested is about S200,(XX). BOAT liUIKDlNU. John Lawton, one ot the Loyalists, was the flrst to engage in boat building in St. John. He taught his sons the trade, and, as all took kindly to it, the business spread through the means of the, Lawton family. Two of John Lawton's descendants are engaged in litis oc- cupation at the present time. In the City and County there are now 14 establishments, giving employment to about 25 hands. These re- •ceive over S5,000 in y<;arly wages, and turn out over S10,000 worth of work. Tlie boats art- of every desoi'iptiou, for hard service ov for pleasure, and alike possess a good name wherever they have gone. The St. John i>ace boats are well kno>«i everywtiere since the day when a St. John crew, in a boat built in their native city, astonished the world and earned the name of champions by tlieiv triumph on the Seine. imUSH AlAKlXti. Mr. Andrews, of Carleton, was the lirst who attempted the manu- facture of brushes in New Brunswick. lie commenced ojKvations about twenty years ago, using only hand labor, and is still plying his trade. Mr. John Murphy was the first to carry on the AAorlc exten- .sively, and he is now the senior partner of Murphy, Simms Sc Co., whese extensive steam manufactory is widely known. This firm ex- jjorts goods to all parts of the Dominion, and, in times of good de- mand, employs a large number of hands. (Jver fifty jtersous find regular employment at this occupation in St. John, and, at ihis and broom making, receive about 812,000 in annual Avages. Ti»e raw mate- rial used exceeds $18,000 annually, and the finished products arc vahied at over S^ljOOO. About $20,000 capital is in\ estcd. HATS, TAPS, AXl) IIKS. To tl ose versed in the records of Old Times, few names are moix) familiar tJian that of Thatcher Sears. He was one of llie Loyalists, and drew a lot on the north side of King street, the place being now occupied l)y the W. U. Telegraph office. On this lot he erected one Ol the rude houses of lliose daySj Avith a shop attached, and carried o'. mil ntioii. 11 is a mucitvl returns on >^o larfje an Tli»' Misi)eck ition, and the to ftiiiiply tli« red, at a yearly alned fit about i- ii!i2r)0,0(»0. Tlie engage in boat md, as all took of the Lawton ced in tliis oc- ' there are now nds. These re- 10,000 worth of I service ov for they have gone. e since the day city, astonished eiv triumph on pted the inanu- aced oiK'Vatione still plying his le work exten- Sininis i^ Co., This firm ex- les of good de- ty jiensous find ml, at lhi.s and The raw uiate- >d products are estcil. lanu's (\w more f tiu' Loyalists, lace being now he erected one , and carried o'. fur trailing and the manufacture of hats. There is every reason to believe that a Beaver hat maDufactured by him was the lirst specimen 4)f St. John manufactures. In those days the gentleman's hat was a *• Castor," and the artide worn I y the ladies bore the less euphonious title of the " Beef Eater." Both of these styles were manufactured by Tliatcher Sears. Col. Billop, one of the Loyalists, has the dis- tinction of being the man for whom the first native hat was made. At the present day the manufacture of hats and caps is conducted by six establishments, giving employment to about 70 male and femald operatives. The manufacture of furs is allied witli the Hbce, and within the i)ast twenty-five years has assumed a high degree of excellence. In hats, caps and furs over S00,000 worth of gftods are annually produced in Saint John. AVATCH MAKEPS AND J KAVKLl.EllS. Alexander ^lunro, who put up his sign as Gold and Silver Smith, in 1795, shared with a Mr. Booth, who appeared in 1799, the watch- mending and jewellery business of the early settlers. .Tame? Bums ooramenced in 1810, and in 1819 Mr. Hutchinson began the manufac- ture of eight-day clocks. Tlie cases of these clocks were made by resident cabinet makers. At a later date when the New Englanders began to make their renowned Yankee clocks, the manufacture in St. John received a check by the importation of cheap time-pieces from across the border. Many excellent clocks made by Mr. Hutch- inson are still in existence and doing good service. The cgtablish- ment is still can-ied on by Mr. Geo. Hm ^hinson, jr. Fine jewellery, equalling any imported from abroad, is now manu- factured at four di^erent establishments in the city, which give em- ployment to a number of sliilled artizans. Tlie jewellery and watch- making concerns are 21 in number and give employment to 42 hands. Over $20,000 is annually jjaid for wages, and about S50,000 worth of articles are produced. The capital invested is $168,000. SOAP AND CANDLES. Asa Blakslee introduced the manufacture of soap and candles into St. John in 1785. The business has been carried on with success for vciMiy years past, and little or no soap of the common kind is now imported. Five factories are in operation in St. John, and give em- ployment to 25 persons. The value of the soap and candles ])roduced annually is $67,000. The wages paid exceed $12,000, and the capital invested is $40,000. BBASS FOUNDKIES. The business of brass founding has been carried on in St. John since 1818, having been introduced by John Bany. Tliere are now 1 P 108 TIU: .MANUrACTURES Ol' ST. .701IX. Eni'l I t' r:; Hvc foiiiulrit'.s, cmi^loyiiig abcmt "»0 persdUi*, with a Cfipital of )3t4U,(HXi, and i»Hyinjj; S'JO.fHKt in yc'arly wa|ft?8. OTHi;a INDISTIIIKS. Ill aiMition ti) the nuuiufucnirfs and indiistrii's eiinmeratt'd in tlic preceding i)agt\<, the [i)lk)\vin ^ i 25 2 1-2 7 3 3 6 4 7 '2 2 10 1 'J Ivdustn/. Qijn'tal. [/^f'dTTj. /fV/r-x Builders Breweries Book-Binders Block and runi}) Makers. Carvers Coifee and Spice (Jonfectioners C'^llav Mfy(Pai»er). Engravers Mills. File Maker Fishinj? Tackle Mfr Iron Knee " Last Factor- Marble Workers Mattress Makers Matcli Factory Milliners Oil Clothing Mfr Paint and Lead Mf rs Pianoforte and Organ Mfrs. Painters and Decorators Patent Medicine..." Paper Bag Makers Potteries Printers Riggei's Rope Makers Sash and Blind Makers Sail " Saw " Ship-Smiths Spar Makers Steam Fitters Tin and Copper Smiths Tobacco Mfr Trunk Makers Undertakers $ 33,(KtO 20,000 40,000 48,(.K.I0 .'M,(»0O 33,(X)0 40,000 15,000 0,000 2,000 2,tXK) 40,00 5 2 00 5 70 5 30 750 5 13 24 100 17 15 150 70 (50 210 (50 24 35 10 20 71 45 20 27 .*t!41)5,0(/U 1),0(M» 0,000 50,000 14,50(1 (5,000 25,000 2,000 3,000 2,5rjo l,00t> 30,0(Mi 2,50(1 •35,000 2,250 0,250 143,520 2,(>0(l 11,080 11,500 40,000 2,400 2,000 3,900 70,(KMt 37,000 28, KK) (>0,000 35,000 5,000 10,5(K» 4,500 10,000 20,950 5,000 5,0tK» 11,200 The foregoing gi^■es a good idea of the manufactures and industriet of Saint John at the present time. In nearly all branches the figures will be found to exceed those given by the census of 1871. Apart THE MAXUFACTrRKS OF ST. JOHX. 101) of )3i4U,0(Xl, •ratt'd in tlif l)t' found of lilted in tli«' dA A. ir !/(■•< !() !(» JO •-» \'S u» 1:> (i 5 2 m 70 r> RO r)0 5 1.'$ .'4 i 00 (► 17 ir. no 70 24 ;$") 10 20 71 45 •JO •27 . 4,50(> 10,000 •20,951 • 5,00Ct 5,00(» 11,200 md industriei: les the figures 1871. Ajmrt from the fact lliat (he latt»'r is not in all resitccts relinbU', tlie manu- factures of the city have made great i»rogri'S8 during the past few years, and in sonn' instances have exceeded the most saJigiiine ex- pectations of those iuunediatelv intju-ested. At a meeting of the manufactuiers and meclianics of St. Joiin, liehl in Janunrj- last tc consider tht» ])roi)ost'd Keciproc.'ty Treaty, Mr. W. K. Everitt, a i)roini- nent founder, gave some interesting statistics, which were the result of a careful incjuiry by a committee appointed for the purpose, lie gave the total number of manufacturing establishments in the city propel at 014, employing 9,513 oi)erntives, and paying 3i3,3 18,874 wages annually. He stated ihat this amount had doubled during the past five years, and, if properly nurtured would double itself again in the next tive years. He considered, from ins observations, that the Maritime Provinces, if fairly treated, must o' necessity become a great manufacturing centre, and it may be inferrenany cases only an ajj- proxiniation can be given. Where this has been unavoidable the pub- lisher has endeavored to have such approximation so correct, that as nuich reliance can be placed upon it as can usually be placed upon l)o8itive statistics which the compilers of other works profess to be indisputable. In some cases, where a large number of the industries are situated around Saint John, but outside of the actual limits of the city, the figures given represent the industries of the County. These include the saw mills and some others, which will be readily known with- out explanation. As a rule, however, the figures 'Dply only to the city lu'oper and Portland. The historical sketch of many of the industries has been obtained after a diligent enquiry from various sources, and contains infomiation T ever before published. It will, doubtless, prove of interest to many, and will be an interesting reminder of the days of Auld Lang Syne. u i no THi! MANUP.iCTURKS OF ST. JOHN. SAFES, Firo and biirglar-pro«)f enffs, o( n vi-v HUperior een turnt'd out during the past few years have already acquired a.i excellent reputation wherever they have been tested. They are tiilly eciual to any of the )>o8t imported ones, and have triumphantly undergone some crucial tests. As a consequtnce, the i)eoi)le of the Provinces order the safes from the St. John makers, and have every reason to be satisfisd with the lesult. The two factories now in operation employ 37 men, whr) receive ^ 11,2.50 in yearly wages. The value of tlu' safes manufactured unnually is about $ . The capital inves ed is S--,r>00. LiMF, nunxiNd. The limestone formation aroiuid the city of St. John and the excel- lent quality of the lime produced therefrom, causes this branch of in- dustry to be engaged in to a ctmsiderable extent. Tlie early settlers Mtftrtet'. the first kiln at Pleasant I'oint, opposite Indiantown. There are now some IT) kilns in the City and County, which give employ- ment to between 60 and 70 men, and produce over i3<37,000 worth of lime annually. lit jscrlption, art* inknown here led out during !Ul reputation 1 to any of the ' some crucial )rder tlie safes ' satisHsd with y 37 men, who I manufactured and the excel- is branch of in- e early settlere ntown. There give eniploy- 57,000 worth of ROBINSON Sz RALSTON, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers, Corner of Union and Carmarthen Streets. To David H. Hall Itelonj^si the pioiiuershi)) of the niiinufHctuiv f>f boots and shorst by machiiuvy in .St. John. He set up a unall ehtab- lishmont in Kinfj street in I8(>(l, his maciiincs beinj; operated by foot power. lie sold out in IfttW to James Kobinson and T. ff. Ral^tton. two young men just from Mcmtreal, wlio estaldished the present firm. They contip.v.od about tliree years in King street, when requiring more ample accommodations, they moved into the present quarters in 1871, which were arranged specially to their order by the proprietor, who erected the I)lock that year. Tlie building is about 80x100 feet, and f-nir stories in height. They occupy one-half of the lirst floor for ware-room and counting-room, and the rear portion of tlie other half \» occupied for nn engine- room, and the whole of the second antl tliird flats, in which on an average about one hundred and fifty malt and female operativts are employed. All tlte Avork usually done by machinerj' is performed by the best American inventions in which fo nmeh skill has been exhibite I'rince William street and to his shoi* in Cooper's Alley. About 1824 he, with Mr. JJerryman, bought out Kirk and earried on the business, under the style of IJankine it IJerryman, about two years, when be left and leasjd ^ferritt's bake house in Union street, which be occupied a sliorl time till his premises in .Mdl street were ready for occu])ancy, into which ho moved la 182G. These premises, in common with the whole city, were of wood, and were swe])! away in a great lire in 1841). He rebiult of brick the same year, and afterwards en- larged the same by putting on an additional story, and in 1874 the ju'esent. firm exten'. Y. i)atents— a travelling oven brought from Carlisle, England, and afterwards recon- structed, imd one of Vicar's travelling ovens imported from Liver- pool, each 40 feet long ; three mixing machines, one hoMing five barrels of flour — two of them Scotch make aiid one American screw: >NS, vy, wm Itiirn li' Ijy II four VQUi 1818 to i»tliin^', from 1 two yoiu'i" Street, at .'Mt (*tri')ij;th was •ter.s' Wlmrf, i.'s store, to I'l ciirrietl on it two years, et, which he re ready for I, in coniiiioii ill a j^reat terwardrt eii- l in 1874 the 1 to Georges le assoeialed Ijcen hred to i Kanlviiie i*^' lued hy tlie •ry mul ini- oni time to ^hmeiit now patents -a ivards recon- from Liver- holdinjjf five riean screw : «T. .lOlIN \M) ITS Ill'SIMlSS. \'A four rulling or kneailin;^ machineH; one brake ; oni Kngli^li lUM^iit I'titlinf' anil panninf? machine, and one New Yorii eiittin;:; niinhine, liavinj;^ in all "JC) tlitferent styles of miters ; tiiree mills for ;;rindiiij( suj;ar, almonds anower steam engine and nnploy over ."10 men and l»oys in the several branches. This immense estaldishmeni, tlif largest in the Dominion, luid u beginning so Innnble that since lK*J(i Mr. I{ankine has carried tin; prodnctft of his bakery in a basket on his shoulders to Caileton and peddled to liis customers, sinnetimes assisted by a man helping to ♦•arry another biisket lu'tween them and blowing a conch sliell to call the ferryman. The present extent of their busines.s is that last year nearly 10,«.HH> boxes ccmlaining nea-ly l7,'.>8! lbs. of butter and lard, and large (iuantitie8 'ESS. 74 and 76 Waterloo Street. 0- TiiK Messrs. Shaw were born in Golden CJrove, X. B., and learned the bakinjjf business in St. John. Jn 1808 they began business for themselves at Golden Grove, with one oven, hauling their flour out from St. John and their bread in, a distance of seven or eight miles, and soon gpined so large a share of tiie iMiblic jmtronage that they Avere unable to supply the demand on them. So they opened an establishment in Charlotte street, St. John, in 1870, wilh two evens and improved facilities. During the next two years their business increased so much that they determined to again double the capacity of "their bakery, and carried out the resolve by erecting a building in Waterloo street, 120x58 feet, with four ovens, in which they have continued the business until the present, another oven having been built since the opening, making five. The Cliarlotte street building is used for the storage of flour, its tAvo ovens being kept in reserv*^ for the supplying of anj' extraordinary demand for bread. The Messrs. Shaw, who did all the work themselves when they first, began business, now regularly employ from sixteen to eighteen hands, and pay an average of $125 a week in wages. The capacity of their ovens is about nine thousand loaves per day. Last year they turned out fourteen thousand barrels of flour into bread. Two teams are kept employed in delivering the loaves to city customers, and the trains east and west, and the river steamers, carry them to customers at. Rothesay, Sussex, Moncton, Sackville, Shediac, AljAdam, St. Croix, Grand Lake, Gagetown, etc., and even to some Xova Scotia towns, so that "Shaw's bread" is a household phrase in nearly eAery considerable tillage and town of New Brunswick. The high repu- tation gained l)y this bread is due to Lie fact that its makers have made this branch of the baking business a specialty, having given all their attention to it and carefully superintending in person all the processes of manufacture. They select and import all their flour by the cargo, thus getting it at the -very lowest rates, chiefly using flour from Virginia and Minnesota wheat. They have found that a mixture of different kinds of flour produces better bread than can be made of either kind alone, and always mix the different brands they use. Tlie business is still increasing, ami the establisliment will probably have to be again enlarge^l at no distant day. ^ ! ' ; ST. JOIiy AXD ITS BL'SIXEaS. 115 ^. B., and learued jan business for f their flour out 1 or eiglit miles, •onage that they they opened an wilh two avens s their business ble the capacity ng a building in rhich they have en having been street building kept in reserve or bread. The ^'hen they first eighteen hands, ipacity of their ar they turned teams are kept and the trains customers at (lam, St. Croix, 1 Scotia towns, nearly eAery riio high repu- s makers have aving given all person all the their flour by fly using flour that a mixture can be made of they use. The probably have A. CHRISTIE & Co., Builders and Manufacturers, DOORS, BLINDS. SASHES, MOULDINGS, &o.. No. 5 Waterloo Street. Tms enterprising firm of the master-builders of St. .lolin was formed in 1863. The senior member, ^Ir. Alexander Christie, a native of Westfleld, came to St. Jolui about 184."», and letirned the carpenter's trade with .lolni "VVilson. lie then worked as journeyman and for himself for several years. .Tohn Ferguson, junior nuMuber, is a native of St. John, and learned the trade Avith J. Munroe, and worked as journeyman till tlve i'lvm was formed. They at once obtained on lease their extensive premises, extending one hundred and twenty-flve feet on Waterloo street and one luindyetl feet on Peters street; sub-h^asing a ]>()rtion of the Waterloo street front to Levi IF. Young. They also leased a large brick building in the rear, f(n'merly usetl as a tanneiy. As their business hns grown, and more room lias Ikhmi reijuired for additionnl machinery, t>ey have made enlargements, and have just added another st(nT to their front factory. Ah inspection still shows that tliey lack for mom for their extended and busy operations. The facilities of this establishment consist of the very best machines of American manufacture- among which are Woodbury's Planer anti Matcher; (Iray iV: Woods' Dimension Pinner; Ball's Excelsior P. mer and Matchin'; three large Moulding machines— one cutting a ten inch moulding; Shaping ilachine; Sush ^lachine; seven Circular i.nd tAvu Jig Saws; three Lathes, two for wood and one for iron, and other sn*alhr machinery,— the \y\\o]e driven by one of Fleming & Sons" engines of thirty horse-power. In the Moulding line they make and keep in stock of pine, asli and black walnut, nearly two lunulred varieties of ^latterns for tlieir ow use and to supply the market. They have a paait shop in connectioi with their works, in wliich tliey paint and glaze their sash, and paint blinds. The manufacture of S'enetian Blinds is a specialty, and is carried on very extensively. Outside of the city their manufactures are in demand through the Lower Provinces. They liave the facilities and are fully comi)etent for tl;e execution of the largest contracts which are likely to occur, and within the past tive years have done the carpentering of tlie Victoria Hotel, built the Academy of ilusic, of which they had the whole contract, as well as the large and elegant school-house in Porthind, which they recently completed, li^hey have also the contract ftu' tlie large w(.)oden school- house to be erected in Carleton. They also remodeled th» Sheffield House and Armstrong's store on Prince William street. They employ about seventy men on tlie average, largely ciwnposed of tirst-elass workmen, who have made for Iheni, in conil)inatiou with their own enterprise and skill, a high and commanding reputation as niaster- buildta-s of St. John. '-'fit \ I 1: 1 no ST. .JOHN AND ITS IJUSI^ESS. O. E. BURNHAM & Co., Furniture Manufacturers and Dealers, 55 and 57 Germain Street, >li{. UunMiAM bpgiin business in ^fay, \P't:\ -witli Tims. iliit(^]iingi?. nnder tlic style of llutcliings Sc Jkini'uini, in a slioj) in (ierniain street. After two years they moved to ])reniises on tlie north side of Smitli's AUey ; remained there al)out three years ; tiien occupied a shop on the •south side of Smith's Alley two years, wlien tliey got a Ien>f of tlic I)uilding on the eorner of Smith's Alley and (iermain street, where the Itusiness is now conduct eartnership wiili Mr. .Tames B. I'hnery, and bought a building near the "Raihvay station that was known as the Oakum Factory and (Jar Shop. This tliey remodelled and eidarged, nuiking it two hundred feet by forty feet, and three stories higli, and su))plied with new and inqiroved machinery. Sleam-pi]»es were carried through e\try roiini for heating i)urpo8es, water w tlrsi cos*. This l)uilding is su])i)lied with two elevators, is situated at the end of a street and isolate n the Lower Pro- he factory, eiglily h an elevator. A ivy ho.'^e,has been iter at a ne-meiit's f l)oth buildings, branch. ctured largely by li Chair and Desk ST. JOHN ANU ITS BCSISKSS. 117 LORDLY, HOWE & Co., Manufacturers and Dealers in HOUSEHOLD, SHIP AND OFFICE FURNITURE, Warerooms, 52 Germain Street) Factory, East End Union Street, o ALBi:Rr .r. LoiiT»r.v, a native of Xova Scotia, wa-s in the furniture business at Fredericton for some time, and came to St. .[olin, engag- ing in this line as a dealer. About 18.")4 he became a manufacturer, Avith a factory on Waterloo street and warerooms on Germain street. His factory being burnt in 18.50, he set it up at Broad's axe factory in Sydney street, and in 1804 moved it to Rothesay, where it continued till 1850. Jonas Howe, a native of St. John, associated with his brother, John 1). ITowe, who had learned his trade with ^Ir. Lordly, and caiTitnl on the furniture business at Moss (>len, King's County, for several years till 1869, when they came to St. .John and iniited with ^Ir. Lordly in the present firm. The factory was then located at east end of Union street, Avith the AA-arerooms in (iermain street. Mr. Lordly's Avare- rooms Avere burned in 18()3, and the same jn-emises again suffered under the firm in 1872 — bot4i losses being caused by lires taking in adjoining buildings. Their actual loss Avas not great, consisting mostly in the interruption of business. The factory is on Courtenay Bay, east end of Union street, con- veniently situated near the Intercolonial Railway, and is fully e(|uipi)ed Avith all the most approAt'd modern machinery, ojierated by steam-i)OVx-er, and about thirty-tive hands are employed. A large stock of lumber is always kept on hand to insui-e an unfailing suj'ply of furniture material. This estal)lishment manufactures Household, OfKce and School Furniture, in ajj their variety, and Settees for i)ul)lie halls, etc. Their Avnrerooms are literally packed A\ith nu st desirable goods from AA'hich any household may he expeditiously fitted to satisfac- tion — among them, elegant Drawing-room Suites in the most fashion- abh styles; Bed-room Suites, in ^Marble Top, Walnut, Butternut and Ash; Lilirary-room and Dining-room Suites of choice design and tinish, and Sofas, liounges, Tables, Chairs, etc., by single or AA'holesale. In the line of Bed Springs they have all the best makes, and furnish Mattresses and Feather Beds, and every otlier article in their legitimate line. The best of workmen are always kept in their employ, and complete satisfaction guaranteed. Mr. Lordly's twenty years' e\i)erience, and the combined enterprise of the Avhole rirm, give the establishment a firm basis of successful operaticm. ;^-,j I if 118 ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. !■■■ I 11 m " i.i r PRICE & SHAW, Manufacturers of Carriages and Sleighs, Office, Warehouse and Factory, Main Street, Portland, -0— — James A. Phick came to St. John about 18.')3 from Prince Edward Island, where he learned the carriage maker's trade, and worked a» journeyman with Jeremiah Harrison, now of the firm ot J. & W. i\ llan'ison, Nor':h Wharf. Arthur X. Shaw, a native of St. John, learned his trade with Mr. Harrison. J3oth also subsequently worked in large establishments in Boston and New Haven, but at the time Mr. Harri- son's extensive manufactory was destroyed by fire in 1850, they were again in his employ. Mr. Harrison then changed his business, Messrs. Price and Shaw, with two other partners, who remained with them about tlii'ee years,, purchasing his ground lease and the remnants of the machinery, and erecting another factory on the same site. They continued to do an increasing business till 1801, when the establishment was again entirely destroyed, involving the very heavy loss of about S2r),0t)(), upon which they were fortunate enough to have about S 10,000 insurance. With unabated courage they immediately erected the present premises, and have from that time to the present done a large and thriving business. Their main buildings are eighty feet front and two and a half stories in height, running back in two wings of one hundred and ten and one hundred and twenty-two feet, and with st()i*kge shads beyond. Tlie departments are thoroughly organized for their respective work, and equipped witli all tlie most improved modern machinery. The large blacksmith shop runs nine fires, and the wood-work, trim- ming, paint and varnish shop and warerooms are well arranged. The machinery is operated by a steam engine, the buildings are steam- heated, and on an average about fifty hands are emi)loyed. Among the carriages here manufactured are Coupes, Landaus, Clarences, Ph.ietons, Family Carriages, Top Buggies, Coaches of all kinds. Furniture and Truck Wagons, Slovens, Sleighs, kc. Coaches, Omnibuses, Hearses, and every description of vehicle are made to order. Tliey find tiieir market in tlie city, and throughout New- Brunswick," Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and have sent their carriages to England. They manufacture from the best selected and prepared woods, and with the most experienced and skilful workmen, and their contributions at various ProvincirJ and local fairs have always received first ])remiums. The establislunent is the largest and about the oldest of its kind in New Brunswick. Its work is first-class in every rcspi'ct. and equal to that of the best factories in the States. It is one uf the most cr.'ditable enterprises connected with tlie industry of St. John, and well deserves the patronage it receives. Besitles manufacturing, the proprietors do a large line of repairing work in all its branches, and also keep on hand for sole all kinds of Carriage Stock. ST. .^OllS A>'D ITS JirSINKSH. J2] [ Sleighs, eet, Portland. I Prince Edward e, and Avorked aa rm of J. & W. F, St. John, learned ,' worked in large ' time Mr. Ilarri- .1 1800, they were Price and Shaw, Ijout three years^ e machinery, an ;ted the present :lone a large and ty feet front and :wo wings of one feet, and with their respective idern macliinery. vood-work, trim- arranged. The dings are steam- loyed. Joiipes, Landauy, 9, Coaches of all IS, kc. Coaches, cie are made to tlirougliout New 1, and have sent the best selected vced and skilful riucifJ and local iblishnient is the wick. Its work le best factories^ prises connected the patronage it line of re^)airing ole all kinds of NEW BRUNSWICK COTTON MILL, WILLIJM fPA(RKS & S J\' , Near Intercolonial Railway Station. Wii.i.iAM P.MtKs, ilu' founder of thi.s industry, iind tlie pr()nu)ter of St. .lohifs interests, Avas bcvu in the uortli of Ireland in 1S(X). He caniti over here in \%'1'1 with a stock, nu)stly of linen, with whicii he was familiar, and was a\ recked on Saldo island, losing (juite heavily. Tie went into tlie grocery and shipi»ing business at first, and subse- •pieutly into dry goods with his brother-in-law, .Tolin Ilegan, Kscj. Tliis partnership was dissolved in 184(), when he associated with him his son, Samuel Parks, under tlie style of William IV.rks ^: Son. Samuel dieamer City of ]h):'.0H in 1S70, wliich vessel was never heard from. In him St. .John met a heavy loss. He was active in all movemejits to advance its prosperity: was for seven years President of the Conniiercial Bank : President of the Western Extension Railway Company from its organization to its completimi to !McAdam and up to his death. In 1861, ^Ir. I'arks, who had ftu' some time entertained the project of nuinufaeturing cotton goods here, and mal)utation in the ng its -way into ■ms tlic substan- his manufacture 1 t'.io cotton yarn any is bronght ii? made at this iiuo to time their r nearly an acre om are live fn-st- eighteen carding ties. The upi)ev A'ith a full com- tloor to r.-eling, ?ry is driven by -power. rthere about one- •ange, and otlier ce it has been a leir most inferior appreciated tlie to no such trick thousand bales thousand pounds Dominion. The undred and fifty, 1 light and easy but it will not bo th of these looms cellent cotton, it sing is necessary )ecoming thicker ut the busy city, ous and public- he drawbacks of ise for the future. SPILLER BROTHERS, :i^-A.3SrTJF-A.CTTJIlERS OF EXJG-E TOOLS, No. 148 Union Street. o- Tiiis establishment dates back over half a centurj'. ^fr. Samuel Spiller, a native of ^Meredith, State of ^'ew Hampshire, going at an early age with his parents to Palermo, iji Maine, commenced learning the trade of edge-tool maker there, and moved to St. John with his anaster in 181.'), and tinished his trade. After ccunpletiug his api)ren- ticesliip in 1817 he went into the employ of .lames AVood, the tirst manufacturer of edge tools, and one of the oldest workers in iron in St. John. He worked there two years, and afterwards with Richard Jjawrence, a manufacturer of tools and ship work. In 1820 he purchased the premises now occupied by the factory, built a small shop, and conmienced the manufacture of edge-tools, And doing a general blacksmith Avork for shipwrights, millmen, etc. He was mamecari>enter, Hand, Narrow and Chopping Axes; "Carpenters' Slices, Chisels of every description, Gouges, Spar Knives, Drawing Shaves, Hatchets, Hammers, Matils, Sledges, etc., which have a high reputation and extensive sale in the Lower Provinces. Hanford B. Si)iller, while an apprentice, manufactured a set of table-cutlery, with ivory mountings, which has been several times 4ixhibited, and received the highest encomiums. Also -while an Apprentice he nmnufactured and mounted hundreds of razors, which were eagerly sought after. The mechanical skill of tl e establishment has been set forth in a full display of its tools at the London Crj'stal Palace and Paris Expositions, to which diplomas for superiority were awarded. The name of Spiller has been for years a pass-word for all tools of his stamp. l>-| > 124 ST. JOnX AND IT8 BU8IXE8S. iV. ' I UNION WORKS— ALLAN BROS., Foundry and Machine Shop, Union Street, Carleton. Counting House and Warerooms, 15 Water Street, St. John. o- TuoMAs Alkax, fatlie* of Allan Brolhers, a native of Scotland^ learned tlie machinist's trade in Glasgow, and came to St. .John in IS'J.'"). He here worked with James Wood, a blacksmith and machinist Kt Portland Bridge. lie then went into partnership with Jame." Harris, and set up what is now the Xew Brunswick Foundry in 1828, continuing with Mr. Harris till his deatli in 18(10. This was the first foundry of any note in the Province. Thoiiias G. Allan learned the machinist's trade with Harris & Allan, i>erfecting it in Philatlelphia. He then came to Fredericton, where lie set up a foundry and machine shop witli a partner, continuing till 180 1, when he sold to his brother, Harris Allan, who afterwards sold and now carries on a brass foundry in St. -Tohn. Robert R. Allan learned the trade of moulder and pattern-maker in Harris & Allan's works. In 1801 Thomas and Robert started together by buying out the works of K. B. Rich & Co., on the same site now occujued by them, and which had been twice destroyed by tire. Allan Brothers greatly improved the works, and had mostly renewed the buildings of wood, when, in the fall of 187"», the entire works were again destroyed with all their machinery and a great collection of patterns. The whole loss was about S30,(X)0, on which there was §3,000 insurance. The enterprise of the firm was ecpial to the emergency, and in six weeks they were casting again in a temporary building, and imme- diately commenced to build ii]» the entire establishment witli brick, which they completed in the fall of 1874. They occupied buildings temporarily while the work was in progress. The buildings consist of moulding shop of one story, lir)x53 feet; macliine shop of two stories, 3.5x90 feet; blacksmith shop, large two frame buildings occujned for storage of patterns and eastings, the. whole works being bounded by Union, Guilford and Duke streets, and being admirably arranged for business. The machine shop is fully equipped with new and most approved machinery — seven lathes, two planers, three drilling, one slotting, one milling and one screAv cutting machines. The pattern and wood- work shop is provided with ample machinery. The blacksmith shop has four lorges and a steam hammer— the wliole operated by a thirty- tive horse-])ower steam engine, and an average of seventy-three men. Tliey build engines and mill machinery of all kimls, sliip work, and all repairing on tlie Western Kxtension of the E. and X. A. Railroad, and a large line of stove work. At the St. John Water street store they carry on the stove, sheet-iron and tin-plate business, and pay special attention to ship furnisliing goods, keeping in stock every- thing in that line in cojjper, sheet-iron and tin. It is an enterprising house, doing a very large business, and worthily maintains the father's reputation. ST. JOIIX A>'D ITS UUSiyESS. 12") BROS., t, Carleton. Bhn. ■0 of Scotland, to St. John in ; and macliinist [p with Jamc^ Diindry in 1828, lis was the first Harris & Allan, tlericton, where continuing till afterwards sold lobert R. Allan ilarrid & Allan's Iniving out the !ui»ied by them, Brothers greatly ildings of wood, I destroyed with ms. The whole lurance. >ncy, and in six linii, and innue- [lent with brick, ipied buildings* ivv, ll.')xr)3feet; ishop, large two |nd castings, the id Duke streets, most approved tg, one slotting, [ttern and wood- |i)lacksmith shop ated by a thirty- enty-three men. L sh'ip work, antl . N. A. Railroad, iter street store tsiness, and pay I in stock every- an enterprising maintains the SAINT JOHN FOUNDRY, WILLIAM E. EVErRITT, = - - ^Proprietor, Office, Works and Warerooms, 130>140 Brussels St. Fon the foundation of this establishnient we look back a half « century to ^Mr. Robert Foulis, the first nielter of iron in St, John, who, in 182'), commenced iron-works on a small scale at the corner of Prince William and Duke streets, adjoining what is now the Custom House. Mr. Thomas C. Kveritt, who was in mercantile business in Frederic- ton, where he accunnilated some property, purcimsed out Mr. Foulis and moved to St. Jt)hn in IS.'iy, greatly enlarged the works, and associated with him Messrs. Camber and Wood in the Foundiy and Machinist business. They also carried on an extensive milling business, running grist and saw mills at the Falls, which were operated by tide power. Mr. Kveritt bought out his partners in 1848, and carried on the business alone Hll his death in 18.V.». lie built the present works in Brussels street in 18.')2, and removed to them in 18."»3. Soon after his death, his son, Willianj K. Kveritt, who had a mercantile training, succeeded to the business, which he has conducted successfully to the present. The works cover an extensive area, about two hundr»>d feet on Brussels street, and extending with a i^ortion of the buildings to Krin street, Tlie niain l)uilding is twc stories and basement, embrac- ing wareroom, pattern loft, tin shop and fitting shop. The machine shop is three stories, and fully equipjied with all the necessary machinery for its work, driven by a vei'tical engine built at the works. The large moulding shop has two cupola furnaces of fifteen tons capacity, and all the modern ai)pliances for light and heavy castings. The proprietor, upon assuming control, conceived the idea of going into new lines of manufacture, which he has done with good success. In ornamental and architectural work, in cast and wrought iron, he has found a field which he occupies almost exclusively — such as cemetery and house fences, staircases, house crestings, and a large line of work now entering into house building, having under contract the new Post Oifice in this city, the Carleton and Portland school- houses, the new Victoria school-house in this city, and a large number of smaller buildings. Since the new school system went into oj.erat ion he has manufac- tured nearly all the iron work recpiired for school buildings and furniture for the Province. The iron sittings of the Academy of Music were from this establishment. He is also doinj^ a large busi- ness in Hot Air Furnaces, and is now largely introducing galvanized iron cornices and cast iron soil pii>e, besides these important, specialties, he does a large miscellaneous and repairing work. The establishment employs on an average forty men, with 815,000 pay roll, iises two hundred tons of iron annually, and occupies a very impor'.nnt position among the mechanical industries of the city. i 12G 8T. .:<>11N AX I) ITS LUSlNJiSS. Phoenix Foundry. I: I , ": iili. II', r. I Oj^ce and Wods—Poml St red. Mn. (iKOHOK Flkmixc* w«h born in KiiknMy, Scotland, in 1801. He spvvi'tl flU apjtvenlict'tiliip at the niacliiiiist trade at the fonndry in DiinfeiMuline. Working tliere hh ajtprentice and journeyiuan eight j^-ears, lie went to (Jlnsgow in Ifil'4, wliere he worked t\v() years ; then to Cork tlu^'e or four years ; thence to the Hay of Clialeiir and to Pictoii, '.vhence, after working a short tinii', he eanie to St. John in 183'2, and entered the machine shop of Messrs. Harris it Allan. Here he remained about a year, after which he worked in Boston and Baltimore, and then in the Temhroke Iron Works in ilaine ; after which, coming again to this city, he entered the foundry of Robert Foulis, then situated on the south-west corner of Prince VVilliam aJid Duke streets, where he worked in the winter of Ift3*. Early in 18.'{r>, he formed a i»artner8hii» with Thomas Barlow, a car- iwnter by trade, and John Stewart, an iron-moulder, under the firm •of Thomas Biwlow & Co., and preparations were made, by the manu- facture of tools, forthe establishment of the jn-esent Pinrnix Foundry, the buildings of which were erecteil that year. These wei-e on a limited scale and were of wootl, consisting of a casting or moulding shop, and of bh oksmith and machine shop. Tiie steam engine of the establishment was built by this firm and was the first ever built in New Brunswick. Mr. Stewart left the firm in 1847, and Mr. Barlow in 1849, when Thomas Humbert, who had been a clerk for some years in the pre- vious firm, bought out Mr. Barlow's interest, and the firm became Fleming & Humbert. This co-pj»rtnership was dissolved in 18U8, And Mr. Fleming continued the business alone until 1870, when he associated with him his sons, William and James Fleming, under the style of George Fleming & Sons. William has been in the establish- ment 21 years, having served through the machine shop and acted as draughtsnuin. He now attends to its outside and financial matters. James has also liad longexiK>rience in the works, of which he has the practical supervision. Between 18r>0 and 18.j4, great improvements and eiilargements were made on the premises. The casting shop was greatly enlarged, and IMKKNIX FOU.VDflY. VJT 303SrS 111(1, in 1801. le foundry in leynian ei>?ht » yenvrt ; then iK'ur and to ) St. John in Allan. Here Boston and Maine ; after ry of Robert VViliiani and Sallow, a car- ider the Hrm IV the uianu- iiix Foundry, se vfeve on a or moulding iif^ine of the i\er built in n 1840, when in the pre- firm becanie edin 1808, B70, when he ug, under the he establish- and acted as icial matters, ch he has the jements were ularged, and the other ]>rincipal woodoii huiMin^s tiik"n down miil luon- «:Mi>le and convenient t'lvctions of hvlvk sulMtitut»'(l. Tliesf biiildiiii;:^ make nearly a (lundnui;;!*', ImviiiK nbout :i(M> tVct front anacity for turning a diameter of nine tVetand boring a cylinder twelve feet long, and another is callable of turning a sliaft twenty-six feft in length. Tlieiv are also live smaller lathes of various si/cs, atlapted to their work, and three verticals for drilling. Tlie u')i)er sliop lias two i»laiu>«, three lathes, one gear cutting, one slotting, and one univers*al shaping machine and two verticals for ilrilling, bolt cutters, enu-ry wheels, kScc. The moulding and casting shop is al>oul 80 feet sipiaiv, having tw cupola furnaces, one of elfven tons capacity. The largest casting has been about ten tons. Tiie blucksmitli shop is amply titled up, and has a steam hammer. Th(^ pattern shop has all the usual facili- ties for sawing and turning. Tlie boiler shop is supplied witli power- ful machines, ami jn'oiluces boilers of all kinds, tanks, gasometers, Jkc. The motive power for the works is a beam engine of thirty horse jmwer, worked at liigli or low pressure at will. As indicated by tlie nature of the maehinery, this establishment has been largely emi>loyed in building marine and stationary engints. The first low pressure marine engine ever built in this city, was from these works for the C'arlelon ferry boat, and nearly all the marine engines built in this city, and two-thirds of all built in the Province, have b"en done here -among them the engines of the Em- peror, Kmpress, l)si\ id Weston, Kothsay, May (^ueen, etc., and a large number of large mill engines. Tliey have also turned out a great deal of heavy work ior the City AVater Works, consisting of branch ))ipes and water gates of all sizes, from three to twenty-four inches in diameter. They have also built a number of tirst-class locomotives for the Intercolonial and Western Extension railways, and more recently they have executed a large amount of mining machinery, and turned out some very '^eavy work for the Cold llrook Ilolliiig ^..ill. They also do all the brass castings connected with their line of work, and their extensive lofts and other jilaces of storage, iilled with an almost infinite variety of iiatterns, of all sizes and descripti ais, besides •quantities which have been jiurposely destroyed, give an idea of the vast amount of work which the estiiblishment has performed and is capable of repeating. The establishment, now forty years old, is well known throughout New Brunswick and in Nova Scotia an firm oi Harris & Allan, in tin; liiu' of tlio.se several trados, in whicli they wore very successful and obtained a lii>;li reputatioji for their work. They occu- l)ied shojis on Portland Urid^e, and iji connection kept a hardware store. In 1831, upmi the site of the jn-esent works, they set up a small foundry, to whicli they removed their machine and blacksmith shops. Tin so WiU'ks were on a small scale, and the Mast for Iheir furnace was effected by two larpe blacksmith's bidlows, worked by men, serving by relays. They operated in this way for six months when power was applied, and in a few years the fan blast was introduced. As business increased, their Imildiiigs were enlarjjfcd and others erected, all of which Avere of wood, and comprisetl a foundry and machine, blacksmith, pattern, ami fltting-uj) shojts and wareliouse. They met with a severe head flaw about 1S4.'», when their moiiMing and machine shops and some other buildings were (b'stroyed by fire. Besides the steam engine and lathes, a large lot of work in shop and warehouse was burnt. The loss wns about S'JO,(J(>0, without insur- ance. They immediately rebuilt and within fifteen days occupied their new casting shop. Tiiey continued prospering and augnuniting their business till, about bS.W, a second visitation of fire i)artially ,0(X). The buildings were soon replaced by others. The present works comprise two large foundries, e(pial to about i D R Y, ). lATION.) ill I80n. He nt H liunhvare )t>t up a 0iuall 1(1 blu(;ks:i]itli till' Mast for lIowi!<, worked way for six the fan bla«>t i'ccupied their nionting their illy destroyed )ps a!:(l ware- iiuicliine shop Liid basement, d destruction iiteiils, stove a larjjje iium- nsiiiiied, with 1 replaced by pial to about SEW BRUNSWICK FOUNDIIT. 120 1(M) feet mpiare, with Heveral ciiiMila fiirnace», one eapahh* of inciting twelve tons of iron, with cranes and other iieceftwiry luachiiiery for the ready hnndlinK of heavy work ; a very extensive lihicksiiiith shop; a three story brick machine shop thoroii^^hly apitointed with latlies and other machinery-, and with attic dev«)ted to sheet iron and tin work for the production of stove-ware; two lar^je stu\e ware- houses — two large car sho])fl ; j^ttern shop; tliii»hinf( ainMitting-iip shop; enfTJiie house ami various buildings for warehousing and stor- flge,— in all covering nearly three acres of groiunl, to which two ncres have recently been added fin* future neetls. Stiveral steam engines are used to f«)rward the o|)erations in the several dejHirtuuiits. For the |>ii)tection of the extensive pro|H'rties, a hvdriint is coiivtiiieiitly situated, near which TiOO feet of hose are kept ready for instant use. Nearly every species of iron work is niadt! at the W(U'ks, from tlio smaller articles to heavj* ship and car v/ork, together with stalionary and marine steam engines. A v<'ry large amount of work has been done in years past f(U' the luterctilonial and Western Kxteiision rail- ways, both in running g»'ar nnd in jmssenger, box and platform ears, and the car wheels which they so extensively manufacture have a high rejaitation in railroad circles. The very best of Englisli cast and malleable iron is lue 1. The orartnient a very large line of work is done, which tills the large warehouse. The sheet iron, copiRT, and tin work for this department, is wrought on the premises. The establishment turns out agricultural implements to a considerable extent. It also does a large business in enameled and marbleized iron chimney and niantel-jiieces, all the processes of which are iterfonned at the works. The establishment uowowns and successfully oi>erates a large Roll- ing Mill, siluate'hile in their founding, and tow, Portland,. voY of hiss son .the trade and :l January 1st, till 1871, when pool, England, ;er in iron and smises thereon Lllan, and had My, 1874, th» ne, machinery X)0 insurance, Klise Row till Tlipy got into irch last— fire juilding, with H)0, and com- ) in I'aradise executed in id) as Rudder and Hinges, d of flni&Tied lan any other in the aggre- racts for the member is ence of both is warranted ueet with so ley overcome of endurance h and well- ADAM YOUNG, Iron Founder and Tin-Plate Worker, 28, 30 and 32 Water Street, St. John, N. B. Tins establishment was founded by the late Kbenezer Stephen, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, about the year 1830, and CiU-vied on by him until 18r)7, when Mr. Young, also a native r f Scotland, became its proprietor, and considerably extended tlie business by building an Iron Foundry in addition to his Tin-1'Iate and Slieet Iron "Works. The Iron Foundry is situated in Clarendon street, I'ortland, and is known as the Clarendon Foundry. It is devoted to the manufacture of Stoves, Register Grates, etc, of which it turns out a large number annually. No manufiicturer has been more successful than ifr. Young in producing articles of genuine merit. Stoves of his make, of varicuis kinds; Register (irates of many styles and patterns; and numerous articles of Tinware, have been "-warded First Prizes at all the Fairs (including the Provincial Triennial Exhibitions) at wlilch they have been exhibited. They have been endorsed no less heartily by the general public, as is shown by the steadily increasing demand for them from city and country buyers. The Water street la-emises are conveniently situated for city trade, and are so near the wharves that buyc^rs who come by vessel can be served nowhere else with so little trouble to themselves. The landing of the Harbor Feny (which connects with the Consolidated European and North American Railway) is but two or three doors distant, and customers from Carleton, iicAdam, Fredcricton, etc., can get their wants supplied more expeditiously at Mr. Young's establishment than they can elsewhere, as they lose no time in reaching it and in transporting their purchases to the Ferry. This is an advantage of which people with considerable business to do in a very short time are not slow to avail themselves. The warerooms are hung with iron and tin household articles too numerous to nu-ntion, displayed to such good advantage that cus- tomers can readily see what they reipiire, and the floors are covered (with the exception of necessary si)Hce for the convenience of clerks • and inspectors of the goods) with stoves, etc. Mr, Young has recently still furtlier increased his facilities for busii'ess, and for affording the public a good opi)ortiinitv for inspect- ing liis wares, by opening Sample Rooms in the Dfn7i/ Globe Building, 8.") Prince >V'Uiam street, where he has undoubtedly the finest assort- ment of Italian and .'enrliyn Marble Mantle Pieces, Register Grates, Cooking Ranges, Stoves., etc., to be seen in the Lower Provinces. 132 ST. JOHN AXD ITS BUSINESS. MASSON & ROBB, Charlotte Street. !Mn. John ^Fassox is a native of ^Morayshire, Scotland. lie served an apprenticeship to Saddle and Harness ^Iakin'ew Hamp- shire, and received a first-class certificate \i\)m\ leaving that estab- lishment. Shortly after ac«piiring their trades they started in business togetlier in the above mentioned premises, which, with steam-power, they hired of Mr. Lawton. Their line of work is as general machinists and manufacturers of several machines which are already standard articles or destined to become so. They manufacture two kinds of Shingle machines— one of which is the Drake machine, which occupies a position at the head of its class and is in general use throughout the Dominion — the other is a new machine, jiic^t introduced into the market, raid designed for working waste stock, such as deal ends, etc., into shingles. It is believed this iuachine will be a decided success in its six^cial line of work. They also manufacture the Patent Self-Oiling Arbour, which, besides the advantage indicated by its name, has other points of superiority over others. Of this they make twelve diiferent sizes. The Cam-1'ower Saw-Set, an American invention of 1874, of which they have the right to manufacture and sell in the Dominion, is also among their specialties. This is an article designed to fill a very important place in mill work, and it is confidently expected that it will come into very general use. Burr, Lever and Screw Ciuminers, Wood Saws and Frnmes, are among the smaller articles whicli they manufacture, and only repre- sent many others to which they will extend their operations. Tliey also manufacture Kmery Grinders for sharpening mill saws. All kinds of machinery repairir^ are executed in the most prompt and skilful manner. , Their shop is well stocked witli excellent machines for the per- formance ot all the details of their business. They are both young men, with a thorough education in their trade, and with a liigli ambition to make their mark as intelligent mechanics. Tiiey liave started out with their own resources, and deserve a cordial reccg- nition from all who take an intevest in tlie manufactures of the city and its worthy mechanics. I I VM ST. .TOIIX AND ITS UL'SINESS. SAMUEL MYERS, Machinist and Machine Manufacturer, Waterloo Street. Mn. Samukl Mykrs is a native of Grand Lake. IFe had been educated to the carpenter and niill-wriftht busines^s with his father,, Jacob Mii-es, and witli American machinists, and for a number of years was employed at ditt'erent places about the country in building mills. He finally settled in St. John in 18r)4 and conmienced business with his father in Waterloo street in the carriage, mill-wvight and machineiy businets, his father having the sui)ervision of the carriage department and himself that of machinery. They operated on a comparatively small scale, and in 18.'>C> had the misfortime to suffer total loss of their establishment, on which there was a partial insurance. They rebuilt the premises and continued the business till 18.'S, when Samuol bought out his father and has continued the works till the present time. Upon assuming the solo business, he greatly enlarged the nmchine shop and operated largely in carriage axles, engines, mill work and general lobbing, lie built a larger and more conveniently arranged aho^) nearly adjoining in 1870. In 1872 he commenced the manufacture of Sturdevant's Blower, a celebrated American patent which is so generally used for forges, etc., in manufacturing establishments, and superior to any other in use. In thii manufacture he has been extensively engaged, and keeps them in stock of the various sizes. Another specialty of his manufacture is the Judson Gorernor, which was first brought out by a celebrated establishment at Roches- ter, New York; and a third specialty are Milled Machine Screws,, of which he manufactures a very extensive list in all sizes, made by new and improved machinerj*. On these and the Sturdevant Blower he received medal and diploma at the Fredericton Plvhibition in 1873. Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, and a general jobbing business fill up the nianrfacturing catalogue of the establishment. The machinery ecpiipment of the works comprises one large Boring Machine, one large Planer and Combination Boring and Turning Machine, one common Planer, five Engine Lathes, two patent machines for making ^filled Machine Screws, three Hand Lathes, two Drills, four Emery Wheels, Jig and Circular Saws, I'laner, etc., for t'^e wood work shop. Mr. Myers has had a long ex})erience in machine work, was the first to run a planing machine in this city, and by diligent application and study of the latest improvements, has made for his manufactorj' a sterling reputation in mechanical circles. Other works may be on a larger scale, but few execute a class of work which will bear a better- examination and stand the test of use. ST. JOIIX AXD ITS UUSIXESS. 135 ufaeturer. p. IFe had been 3 with his father,, for a number of aintry in building ced business witli. ;ht and machineiy Tiage department a comparatively total loss of theii* ce. lusiness till 1858, ed the works till :ncs8, he greatly n carx'iage axles, i larger and more jA-ant's Blowei*, a used for forges, to any other in gaged, and keeps Gorernor, which nent at Roches- Machine Screws,. 1 sizes, made by iirdevant Blower :hibition in 1873. siuess fill up the one large Boring )g and Turning patent machines thes, two Drills, tc, for t'^e wood irk, was the first ap[)lication and « manufactory a rks may be on a ill bear a better S. P. OSGOOD, South Side King Square. Mn. Osiioop, hiiviiig .sorvetl eoveral years in the employ of Paul R. fJarker, Marble Dealer, Bangor, }de., came to St. John in June, 1848, and commenced the marble business in company with ^Ir. J. W. Smitli, on the site of his jiresent works, and under tlie firm name of S. P. Osgood & Co. Mr. Smith continued a p,artner in the business until 18r»6, when :^^r. Osgood became, and has continued to be, sole pro- prietor. The marble business wr.s very limited in the Maritime Provinces when he came to St. John. There were freestone and gi'anite works, where a few slabs were kept on hand ; but there was no general stock of marble in eitjier of the Provinces. Jlost of the grave-stones ordered were of freestone, for wliich the makers charged about the price of marble. The first stock o' marble injported by this firm was greater in quantity than all pi^'vious importation.*?. For ten years he drove his own team through this Province and Nova Scotia, soliciting orders, collecting, etc., and thus gained hosts of acquaintances and worked up a large business. The patronage of the acquaintances thus made was secured for the future, together with that of their friends, by a determination to please with the excellence of the work done. Halifax used to be visited regularly when the House of Assembly was in session, and large ordex's Avere invariably obtained there. The sales in Xova Scotia have amounted to some $4,000 or S.'>,0(K) in a single year. From eight to ten men are employed summer and winter, and tlie order book has never been entirely clear, from the first establish- ment of the business i\\i to the present time, and several of his men have been kept in continuous employ from eight to twenty-two years. A very large stock of .Marble Monuments and Tablets, of different fiizes and styles, and Marble Slabs of all sizes, are kept constantly on hand. Italian marble is in the greatest demand, although some prefer other varieties. Some of the most imposing monuments that adorn the cemeteries and memorialize the dead of the two Provinces were manufactured in this establishment. Soda founts, counter and table tops, mantles, marble for cabinet work of all kinds, soapstone, for stove linings, freestone Rn4 granite for cemetery purposes, for etc., etc., are made to order, and a large and most select stock is constantly kejit on hand. -s I , i; J' i 13G ST. JOHN AXiJ ITS BUSINESS. New Dominion Organ Company, Factory and Office on City Road. -o Title domand for flrst-clasa Organs and Pianos 1ms increased in St, John and the Provinces of late years to a great extent, and has caused a great sale of American made instruments, and latterly has suggested the idea that this field of enterprise is a legitimate one to be occupied by home industry. To carry out this suggestion the New Dominion Organ Company was organized about three years ago by the above named i)roprietors. Mr. Warren Stimpson was for nearly thirty yeais a dealer in Melo- dious, Pianos and Organs in Massachusetts, and Mr. William W. Wallace, his son-in-law, was a voicer and tuner in Boston and other cities for ten years. They came here about thre'^ years ago and set up the present factory fc r the manufacture of Cabinet Organs on City Road, near the Skating Rink. Tlie long ac(iuaintance of both the proprietors with the various makes of parlor instruments enables them to* discriminate in the various improvements which have been introduced into tliese, and in the combination which they have made of all the most api)roved, and put into those manufactured by them, they confidently offer an instrument which may challenge comparison with any. Tlie excel- lencies of their Organs have been attested by the First Prize Medal awarded to them at the Provincial Fair in Fredericton in 1873, and by the rapidly increasing sale which has attended them. Among the combined improvements is the Orchestral Swell, by which the performer has under control an appliance for producing any required degree of " light and shade" of sound— the Vox Jubilante, giving a peculiar string-like (Quality of tone, witli an astonishing l)ower— the Improved Octave Coupler, which doubles the power of the instrument — and the Vox Humana attachment, so essential and effective in solos. For sweetness and evenness of tone, quickness of vibration and ease in manipulation, combined with power and fulness, the best judges have pronounced these instruments sui)erior to any other. Their line of instruments comprises sixteen different styles, varying in price from S(K> to §300, and they are ready to execute orders for an SSUO organ. They use the best and most thoroughly seasoned woods, put up in the finest style of finish by the most experienced workmen, and they warrant their instruments for five years. Their aim is to put upon the market an instrument which may fill a worthy place in the music-loving homes of the people, and command the pi-eference from all who, with a just discrimination, desire to favor home manufacture when equal in every respect to foreign made work. They are also prepared to furnish plans and specifications for Church or Pipe Organs. ST. J01£\ AND ITS BUSINESS. 137 apany, ad. ! increased in St, t, and 1ms caused i-ly luis suggested ne to be occupied B New Dominion go by tlie above a dealer in Alelo- Mr. William W. Boston and other ! years ago and abinet Organs on villi the various criminate in the nto tliese, and in i9t ai)i)roved, and [idently offer an ny. The excel- ivt Prize Medal ton in 1873, and ni. estral Swell, by e for producing e Vox Jubilante, an astonishing s the power of so essential and ne, quickness of wer and fulness, superior to any t styles, varying ?cute orders for )ughly seasoned ost e.xi)erienced e years. Their lay fill a worthy I command the desire to favor lign made work, ions for Church G. F. THOMPSON & SONS, Steam-power Paint and Color Works, Factory, 69— Office, 73 Princess Street. 0- Oi:onf}K F. Thompsox, a native of St. John, learned the painter's trade with his brother both here and in New York, and started in 1837 as a house, ship and omaniental painter in Dock street. In 1850 he put in a small steam-engine, and ground paints for his own use. lie establisheil his present factory on a small scale on Princess street about 185.5, and in connection carried on a i)aint shop, still continuing shop at Dock street. In 18(»8 he abandoned the Dock street shop and the entire painting business, and confined himself exclusively to the manufacture of While Lead, Zinc and Colored Paints and Putty. In 1871 he associated with him his sons, Michael William and George Frederick, jr., both of whom had been I)red to the business in his service. The senior member and his son Michael have visited the principal factories in England, on the Continent, and the United States, to examine into the processes and acipiaint themselves with latest imjirovements. Upon setting up the Princess street works, ^Ir. Thompson put in a small engine, but to meet the incivase of business, upon the forma- tion of iiresent firm, an engine of thirty-five horse-power was put in, and the capacity of the works enlarged — four ohl mills being dis- carded to give place to five larger ones. There are now eight mills and six mixers and crushers, and other additions Avill soon be made. In 1874, at the request of numerous customers, they commenced putting up mixed jiaints of different colors in sealed tins, from one pound upwards. These colors are tlioroughly mixed by machinery, under the superintendence of a practical painter of twenty years' experience, and are better and cheaper than can be prepared in the ordinary way, besides being always ready for immediate use. In connection with their works they liianufacture all their tin and sheet iron cans and wooden kegs. This is the only factory of the kind in the Lower Provinces, and its products are meeting with a constantly increasing sale. Their works and storage rooms are on a liberal scale, and their present capa- city is fully emi)loyed to supi)ly the market. They import directly from England all the materials used in their manufacture, and for purity and excelltnce their productions are unsurpassed by any imported articles. Attempts have been made to injure the business^ by importations of cheap and inferior goods, but these home pro- ducts, made by competent and experienced men, who are able and willing to Avarrant their goods, give them at nil times the front rank in the market. 138 ST. JOMX AND ITS UUSJNE88. i FAIRBANKS & HAWES, Wood Moulding and Planing Mill, DOOR, SASH, BLIND AND BOX FACTORY, City Road. Mr. WiiiTiOMiJ F.vinnAXKs, a native of Sterling, Mass., commenced in the manufacture of furniture in liis native State, and subsequently went to Banfjfor, where he dealt in furniture, and shortly nsseration the establishment was entirely destroyed by fire in 1806. They immediately rebuilt on a much larger and improved scale, re-stocked with machinery, and were again in full tide of successful operation, when, in 1809, they were again totally burnt out. The losses in both these fires were very large, and with only partial insurance. They then commenced the erection of their present works on City Road, but while temi)orarily occupying another place, were again burnt out, and so, scathed and scarred, but not dismayed, with the symi>athy of their fellow-cili/ens and best wishes for a turn of the tide of ill-fortune, they moved to the •City Road in 1870. This factory is the largest, best arranged, and most jierfectly -equipped of its kind in the city. It is situated near the Intercolonial Railway, from which a branch track runs directly to the mill, afford- ing the cheai)est and most exi)editiou8 facilities for bringing lumber •and forwarding it after manufacture. The main building is 00x13.') feet and four stories in height. In the basement story, through wl nu tlu oil Re rvnujA-NKa am) ii.vwes. i:}(; ng Mill, >TORY, ftss., commenct'il nd subsequently lortly a8S(iciatecl Israel B. Ilawee, 11*1 (enter's trade, oUand till they set up B8 dealer following 8])rinK 348 they formed ? in planing and r machinery at lie aecomnioda- ;rm of years the marthen streets, cessary machin- \g work. After nt was entirely uilt on a much nery, and were 8(59, they were ires were very commenced the lile temiwrarily so, scathed and fellow-citizens y moved to the most perfectly he Intercolonial llic mill, afford- ringing lumber Iding is 00x125 story, through whose side oponiiigH hinilxn" is carted directly to and from the pinning nmchines, is ti .xplemlid forty hor.«e-power enpfint', wliich drives nil tile niKchinevy of the eslal>li.'»liMU'nl and funiishes !aiu ht-at through- out ; also, four larg(! Planing Machines, two Circular Saws and a Kesaw. Tlu- second Hat U o((uipped with two JilDulding Machines, two Turning Lathef, one Face Lntlie for turning circular moulding, Bniul and Jig Sawf, a Ti-nnoning Macliine, u Power ,Morli.' ^w -A. n ID ■^A^ e b b . Office— 7 and 8 Smyth Street. TiiR Now Brunswick Cor ST. joiiv AND rxs ursi.vi:ss. ALEXANDRA SAW WORKS, O". IF. Xj ^A^ ^W^ T O 3Sr , Cornei- of North and Georges Street. () — TuK pnipiifldi' of tlit'.-f \V(irks, a native ol" Si. .loliii, sevvt'd liis n\>- ltiTiitici'siliii» with tlif piontHr niamifacturer of saws in tlio Doiuiniciu, hi'comin;^ tlioroiio]ily ma-^ter of the tmiK' in nil ils bmnclit's. Tin- prucoss wa8 tlion ([xuiv ^i()\^■ and tedious, as l)ut little hand lal)or-8av- in;^ machinery had then heen introduced here. L'i>on ('onii»letinrenticeshij», Mr. Lawton visited the nuuiy factories in the States and also those j)f Sheffldd, Kngland, to becomu hettev aciiuainted with the latest modes aiul processes of the manu- facture, and inform himself more fully with reference to his art. Jle then returned and started a snmll factory in Canterl)ury street in I8(»4. The tremor of his intlustrial nuichinery disturbinj;' the cogitn- tious of 11 barrister in an «djoinin<:f building', he removed the tliird year to the present premises. Wliile in Canterbury street he nrnde use of heated l>ars of iron Ini' temperiuft and flattening; saw-plates. ]](' subsecpiently introduced the self-nctinl" cK'vkiii;^ in Uu- I'rovinces an:)ther pacdaige goods are Sweet Herbs, which he grinds, and ^I^s- tard, wliich he imports by the cask from tlie best Knglish manutac- turers. An article of Mixed Spices — a combination of all the best kinds, prepared from a London receipt, — is a popular thing, and in great re(piest in the mince pie season. This estalilishment is young, but has a .■ teiiily increase of successful business. 144 ST. JOHN AXD ITS BUSINESS. J I S. R. FOSTER & SON, Mannfactiirerrof Cut Nails, Shoe Nails, Tacbi, &c,, 9 and 11 Georges Street. Mr. Setii K. Foster erne to St. John thirty-six yeary apfo, from Soutli Hanover, JIass., and was engaged as foremar of the Cold Broak Nail Factory at the inception of that ente^'prise. In 184!) he became foreman of the late Mr. W. 11. Adams's Nail Factory in St. John, with an interest in the business. As the Factoiy did not run in the Win- ter, Mr. Foster had a good deal of leisure on his hands, and his inven- tive mind and active energies found employment in the building of a small River steamer. Tliis venture was not ]>rofltable, however, and the engine was taken oi't and set up in a loft of the Nail Factory fov the manufacture of Tac'>- s. Such was the beginning of the onlj' Tack Factory in the Maritime Provinces — a business that is now among the most in.'portant of l"ew Brunswick's manufactures. People told Mr- Foster that be would not make Iiis salt, but he resolved tt) persevere.. He soon began to sell more Tacks than anybody liad supposed that the Province consumed. His loft became too small, lie put up a small building beside the Nail Factory, and, instead of his little l)oy (Edwin C, who is now a partner in the business), being his only assistant, he liad several hands engaged. Mr. Adams died about ten years ago, and Mr. Foster bought the N^ ail Factory of his heirs. He has extended the Works since, having made four ulditionsto one of the buildings, and procured much mw and improved machinerj'. Some of the machines are of Mr. Foster's Inventici, and he v.-as the first C.niadian Nai4 manufacturer to introduce polishing machines. Tlie Confederation of the Provinces, opening as it did the market? o[ all Canada to Mr. Foster's tack:-, gave a great impetus to the busi- ness. These tacks are now to be found in all (piarters of the globe,, their good quality, and the labor-saving machinery witli which they are made, enabling them to compete with those made in any otlier country. Large orders are regularly filled for Australia and NeAV Zealand, and the foreign shipments are fileiidily increasing. Fifty hands are kept sieadily employed, to whom SSOO a week ar** paid in wages. Six hundred tons of iron, zinc, copper, brass, and steel are used annually. Tliis is imported in slieets of the required thickness for the i!02 varieties of cut nails and cut spikes, shoe nails, tacks and brads, liorse nails, clinch nails an lacb, &c.. KHtHblislied 1871. SAINT JOHN TOBACCO WORKS. Office and Warerooms- No. 21 Water Street. ars ago, from e Cold Bvoak 4'.) he became 5t. John, with n in the Win- md his inven- 1'iiilding of a however, and il Tactory for the only Tack ow among the sople told Mr.. [ tt) persevere.. ■apposed that )ut up a small le])oy(Edwift assistant, he ears ago, and extended the uildings, and the machines* nadian Nai'l the market* ii< tt) the busi- of the globe^ 1 which they in any othf r ia and New Iff- U) a week art* 'r, brass, and the required ■s, shoe nails, ils wl ich are Exhi )itions. Mn. JOHX D, Ror.Knrso.v, a native of St. John and a dcs^cendant of the Loyalists, managod for many years the Tobacco Worky of J. k R. Reed, in Water street, till 1871, when lie formed a co-part nersliip with John Stewart, William Peters, and liis son Andrew 1), Robertson, who purchased tlie machinery of the works and established their present factory on Southwark street, where they conmienced the manufacture of all tlie different grades and varieties of black and bright work tobacco, both plug and fuie cut, for smoking and chewing. They import all tlieir ti)baccos direct frrm the best Virginia and Kentucky markets, in which the selection is attended to by one of the firm. Their manufactured goods are widely sold in the Maritime Provinces, and not only comjtare favorably with other manufactures, but in competition are generally preferred. Tlieir liigh reputation has made for tliem a steadily increasing sale. Tliey also hold for th» Dominion a patent for an article put uj. by them, known as Robert- son's Patent Package Fine Cut, which is rapidly becoming a great favorite in tlie market. Their factory is among the many creditable inr AND ITS BUSINESS. ifm Villi iteii GEORGE H. MARTIN, WATCHMAKER AND JEWELLER, Martin's Corner, Union and Coburg Streets. ^In. irAnrix, after working for several years at the wattliniaking and jewellery uusine.ss in St. John, followed in the footsteps of many of his countrymen by going to tlie United States, After working at his business there some year?, five of which he spent in the great Waltham Watch Factory, he returned to St. John and began business on his own account in Union street. After four years he moved to r a watch who cannot suit himself at Jlxrtin's Corner must be hard to please. The Regulator, wliicli was made in New York, i.s one of the largest and best in Canada, and ensures the correctness of " ^Martin's time." The Jobbing departm -nt, wliich is carried on directly in the rear of the salesroom, is one of tlie Lirgvist in St. .lolin, and oiily the best workmen are employed in it. t T; ::ller, feete. watc!ui;aking teps of many n' working at in the great lef^an business he moved to present pre- Hipied by ilr. that makes it '. The Union t)f glass, thus* The counters ngs surmomit I the windowg ■ tlieir surface, ire filled with stablishraenls ly, ])lain and vinds; Fancy and Swiss of tliose of ce than any at Jr.xrtin's )f the largest in"s time." n the rear of jily tlie best ST. JOHN AXH ITS HUSTXESS. 147 Joggins Coal Mining Association. The proi)erty of this Company is the well-known bed of Coal, called the Joggins Seam, situate in the County of Cumberland, on the east shore of CuHiberland Basin, X. S., with the right of mining the same under Government lease, together with .")()() acres of well-tim- bered land in fee-simple, and buildings, wharves and mining machin- ery. The Company's lease covers a tract over three miles in length back from the shore in the direction of the seam, which lies at nearly a right angle Avith the shore, and lia\ing a di^) of only eighteen degrees. The location of this mine possesses Ihe great advantage over all other Nova Scotia mines in its nearness to the manufacturing dis- tricts of Xew England, St. Jolin and other ports in the Bay. In ad- dition to the less freightage to market, is the remarkable cheapness with which it is raised and placed in cargo. When the present Company took possession, they removed the old works, putting in new and improved machinery, and sank a shaft t le\(;n feet wide and about eight feet high, 7ir> feet down the slope, in which is a double track. The interior working is easy, owing to the nuxlerate declivity and the remarkable dryness and excellent ventilation of the mine. At the mouth of the pit the coal is dumped over screens into other cars, and thence into a sluice-way directly on board the vessels lying at the wharves. This mine has been operated for twenty years, and so fully deve- loped that its resources may be consivlcrcd unlimited. As to the su- perior quality of its product the testinwny is nu)st abundant and uniform from coni}»etent authority. While growing in favour for do- mestic purposes on account of its free burning and inodorous charac- ter, it takes the highest rank as a steam-producing fuel. It is used by all the steam tugs in St. .John harbour, ilie Bay steamers, and very largely by the manufacturing establishments in St. John, Kailroads, (Tovermnent Steam Fog Whistles, househoM purposes, etc. All the testimonials, while ex[ilieit as to its steam-producing character, are no less so to its ciieai>ne?s as compared witii otiier coal, and to its improvement in quality from year to year. Indeed this is a very tuicouraging feature that it imi)r<<\ es as the works descend. The demand in the innnediate markets has hitherto taxed the full capacity of th'j Works, but it is proposed to sink another shaft and obtain a margin- to supply other nutrkets. In its superior advantages in the several respects above named, this mine has all the elements of a permanently profitalile inve«tnu>nt. The stock is in the hands of l>rudent and sagacious I)usines8 men. Board of Directors :— Alexan- der Jardine, Pres., T. AV. Daniel, (i. A. Hamilton, (i. B. Cushing, and Alexander B.irnhill ; Secretary and Treasurer, A. I), (ioodwin. Il 148 ST. JOHN AXD ITS BUSINESS. Ilk SPRING HILL MINING COMPANY, R. P. & W. F. STARR, Coal Merchants, . - - - Agents. The Spring Hill Coal Mine is situated in the County of Cumber- land, ^''va Stjotia, but the enterprise of openin^f an I opt?rating it is mostly a St. John aifair, the stock being largely held and the head office being located here. The mining area owned by the Company is three squa. miles in extent, and has l)een taken up in such shape as to secui-e a -arge por- tion of the Coal crop of the district, so far as known. Seven or eight veins have been discovered on the Company's tract, varying in thick- ness from three to thirteen feet, one of thirteen, one of ten and one of six feet. The only one yet opened is the ten feet, or main seam, into which two slox)es have been driven about three-quarters of a mile apart, and levels cut in both for some distance «ast and west, which to some extent prove all the veins on the area as it is no great dis- tance sci'oss the measures. The west, oi old slope, has been s:ink over 400 feet, and the east, or new slope, where the Company have all the dip, has been dri,ven 830 feet at an angle of about 4i degrees. L irge constructive works are still going on here underground, opening up tlie vein and laying out the Mine for future operations. All these works are of the most per- manent character and are so arranged as to insure the coal being pro- duced at the cheapest rate, while a large reserve is left in the roof aBil supporting pillars which can be mined wiien reipiired at a much less cost than at ])resent. A Branch Railway of five miles comiects the Mine with the Inter- colonial Railway, and the coal can be shipped at Dorchester, St. John, or Halifax. Though constructive Avorks are in progress, thirty-three thousand tons were raised and sent to market last year. Us great value for both steam and house purposes is satisfactorily established. As a steam coal, it is very superior, and in this market it is rapidly gaining a high place and must tend to check importations. It has been largely used by the Intercolonial Railway, the River du Loup Railway, and by all the large Rolling ]ilills in the Province, by the Canada Steel Company at Londonderry, and by Foundries both here and in other parts of the Province. The Company is of recent forma- tion, and operations have only been in ])rogress for a year or twd. It is already the larg(>st enterprise of tlie kind in the Province, and with the increasing facilities for mining, its greater jtrospective produc- tion and value are assured. The Directors of the Company are the Hon. Alexander MacFarlane, Prtsidtnt, 8. S. Hall, John Magee, James L. Dunn, and R. IVniston Slarr. Secretary and Treasurer, W. E. Vroom. ; I. OMPANY, Agents. )!in>y of Cumber- il operating it i» lieki and the head e squa. miles in secure o. .arge pov- 1. Seven or eight , varying in thick- e of ten and one of Dr main seam, into [uai'ters of a mile st and west, which it is no great dis- et, and the east, or as been drij'en Syo •active works are in and laying out e of the most per- il e coal being pro- ift in the roof a«d red at a much les» e with the Inter- cliester, St. John, ress, thirty-threw t year. Its great lorily established. rket it is vapidly jrtations. It has e l?iver du Loup Frovince, by the undries both here i of recent forma- year or two. It rovince, and with >spective produc- Company are the lin Magee, James Treasurer, W. E. ST. JOHN' A^fD ITS IIUSI^ESS. 140 CARSON FLOOD, Importer and Dealer in English & Amei ican Pianofortes, Cabinet Organs, &c. No. 75 King Street. Mr. Flood camo from the Xorth of Ireland to this city at sixteen years of age. He served an apprenticeship ami worked for some time at the Painting business, which he relimiuished in consequence of a severe injury received in the line of his business, and in 1852 went into Fhotography, which he carried on till 1801, when he connected the Fiftno tr.vle with it till 1870. T!ie latte: Dranch having then become so extensive as to require all his aUentioii, ho discontinued Fhotogi-a- phy and has since devoted himself e\';lusively 'o tlie Piano and Organ business. His place of busi '^ was in Princ-e William street, until last year when he removed to iiis present store. Although dealing to some extent in the various makes of the in- struments in his Hue of American and English manufacture, and only in the best articles, his specialties are the celebrated "Bourne" Pianos and those of the old established house of Ilallett Sc Cumston^ of Boston. The reputation of these instruments has stood the test of many years, and are from the hands of artisans of long experience and skill. Mr. Bourne, a practical mechanic and musician, has been engaged in Pianoforte manufacture for forty years, and his scales are acknowledged to bo the most perfect ever drawn. Tlie Ilallett &; Cumston Piano has for years possessed an unrivalled jw.sition in mu- sical circles; and for tone, finish and ability and workmanship both tivse makcs are unexcelled. Mr. Flood has them in Grand, Scpxare and Upright styles. The Smith American Organ, which is his leading specialty in that line of instruments, has a record of a (juarter of a century of imim- paired reputation for high and uniform excellence, and with the im- provements wliich patient study and skill have conferred upon it, has year after year carried off the highest premiums over sharp and persistent competition. It is the oldest Keed Orgnn manufactured in New England, now numbering over sixty thousand instruments, which have been a source; of refined and delightful recreation throughout the homos of this continent, and tlie sales are constantly increasing. Mr. Flood has found his business every year increasing, and his sales ui)on the popular instalment plan have distributeil them among the homes of an appreciative music-loving community. His local trade is the largest in the city, and he also does an extensive business in letting instruments. He also imports largely of the smaller musi- cal instruments of German manufacture, and deals in the best sheet and book music. 150 ST. JOHN AXB ITS BUSINESS. ((aebec and Gulf Ports 8tcaiiisliip Company ROYAL MAIL LINE. Hanford Bros., Agents, 11 and 12 North Market Wharf, St. John. This Line waa started in 18(14 witli one Itoat, Die Laih/ Head, now tlie property of the Dominion Government, which made fortni-rhtly trips from (Quebec to Pietnii. Capt. T)avi«U'on, now in command of tlie Secret, had charge of her. Business increased so fast that one boat a week was soon placed on tlie route, and the Company now own file followinp; ei^iit rirst-class steamships . CANIMA, CJTY OF KOUSTOX, SKCRET, lAIiHAMIClll, BER]HU1)A, lIAD.n, ALHAJilBKA, FLAMBORO. The Secret and Minnnic/ti nvo side-wlieel steel boats, and the otiiers are iron screw jiropellors. They were built es2)ecially lor this line, are adapted in every respect to its business, and ai'e as saffi and com- fortable as steamships can be made. They are Icept i^erfectly clean, are well furnished, the most perfect order i* maintained on board, and the officers are tiioroughly competent, polite and obliging. The Secret or Miramkhi is intended to leave (iuel)ec every Tues- I from the steamships for the purpose of arousing tlie myriads of birds that use it as a watering place. Messrs. Ilanfcnvl have a certain nutuber of berths at their disposal each trip, and sell tlirough tickets liy rail and boat from all points. A:a1 great s'.andsl of the I has nul wide v\ The the M\ 1770. been b names • the nor 178G th noble people which shipbui large If fy :i- ST. JOHN ANJJ ITS BUSINESS. 151 lip Company STE. gents , St. John. he Laih/ ITeail, now ;i made fortnifrhtly >w in command of d so fast that one Company now own lOUSTOX, 111, 10. iits, and the others :-ially lor this lino, e as saf5 and com- pt perfectly clean, intained on board, lid obliging. iiel)ee every Tiie.s- ry Tuesday, at 7 calling each way Chatham, Xew- it-elas-s acconimo- are intended to l Chatham, ^ew- ffer. e Xew York and ites mails. Tliey luring the winter und for invalids of the agents at 'or summer towr- 'e from fog. At the purpose of ig place, at their dispc/sal from all points. SHIPBUILDING. Any account of St. Jolm which omitted to mention its second great industry, shipbuilding, would be incomplete, for shipbuilding slande next to lumber in the amount of caijitul invested and the value of the product, among the industries of New Brunswick. Notliing has made this Province so famous as her shiiis, wliich have a world- wide reputatitm ami are to be found on every sea. The first veissel known to have been built in Xew Brunswick was tlie MonncyncsJi, a sloop of l."* tons, built by Jonathan Leavitt, in 1770, Two or three otiier crafts of the same kind appear to have been bnilt at St. John prior to the landing of the Loyalists. The names of some of them will be found in a previous page, which gives the nominal list of vessels entered and cleared at St. John in 1782. lu 17SQ the Lord ShoffieM, termed by the local prints of the day a " most noble ship," Avas built by Benedict Arnold above the Falls. The people of St. John saw in her the pioneer of a noble fleet of ships which should claim it hereafter as their home port. From that time .shipbuilding appears to have been estal)lis!ied, audit grew steadily in magnitude and importance. The woods mainly employed in the construction of New Brnnswick skips are birch, beech, spruce, liackmatack and pitchpine. All these woods, except the last, grow in Xew Brunswick. A Xew Brunswick high classed ship, built under survey, will class A 1 for 8 years at fjloyds, or years in Bureau Veritas, or 10 years in American Lloyds. All these offices have agoncies in SI. John, and no vessel of any size is built without being classed in one or other of them. Although ships built of some other descriptions of wood receive classification for a longer term of years than those built in Xew Brunswick, no better wooden vessels float on the seas than those of this Province. Amon^' the famous ships of St. John may be mentioned the Marco Polo, of 1,')! I tons, built at St. Jolm in 1851, and the Mornin;/ Lu/hf, 2,077 tons, built at St. John in 185."). Both of these vessels were remarkable for their speed and the (juick passages tliey made, particularly the first-named. Both are still afloat, doing good service. The building of clipper ships has, however, ceased of late years at St. John, as well as .everywhere else. Ships are now built to carry a large cargoes, and it is found that such ships on good lines sail nearly,, if not quite, as well as the lean,- sharp clippers. The building of ex- tremely large ships has also ceased. Xo ship is noAV built iu St. John of less than 1150 or more than 1750 tons. Barcpies range in size from 500 to 1100, the tendency being decidedly towards the larger size, and ■M 162 SlIIPBUlLBrNO. iilliil brigantines run up to nearly .lOO toD.s. A few larp> tliree-mastsd schooners are built in St. John, but not many, and the same remark is true with regard to bavquentines. Formerly most of the ships built at St. J.ihn and indeed throughout the Province were built on speculation for sale in liUgland. The builders sometimes did very well, but when times Avore bad ruinouaj losses resulted from it, and it was entirely abandoned some years ago. Ships are still built to a limited extent for parties in England, but they are built under contracts, and the builder knows precisely what he is going to get for his ship before he begins her. Most of the ships built in New Brunswick ar^', however, for owners here, and sinct» this has been so shipbuilding has become much more spfe and profitable, and our ijeople by owning their own vessels have ceased to be merely *' hewers of wood and drawers cf water " for others. i [e three-mastuil snnie rcHiark is leocl througliout I'Jnglantl. Tlie eve bad ruinous some years acfo. n England, but precisely what [ost of the sliips , and sinct» this and profitable, td to be merely ST. JOHN AXJ) ITS UUSINKSS. 15: J ROBERT ROBERTSON & SON, SA1LMAKEio many important commercial and political positions, and who has now honcwably and successfully retired to make his future resi- dence in Kuj^land. Ilis son, David D. Robertson, was brought up to business in his father's and ijondon offices, and upon his return from London acted as his father's book-keeper. In 187:2 he set up on his own account, taking with him his chief clerk, ^fr. Douglas A. Smith, f(n'merly oi Prince Edward Inland, who was educated in New Brunswick, and after serving several years in the general business in Prince Edward Island, came to tlie office of Hon. John Robertson in 1870, where he served two years' After serving nearly tAvo years wiili David D. Robertson, the latter gave him a i)artnership, making the present firm of David D.Robert- son it Co. The business of this firm is shi[> brokerage, general agen- cies and commission business. Their brokerage has hitherto consist- ed principally in the coastwise and AVest India business, and they do a large chartering business on the North Shore and Trince Edward Island. The senior partner, having spent tlie past year in England and on the continent, has made arrangements which will undoubtedly lead to a large increase of their brokerage business. They give special at- tention to the purchase of lumber cargoes of all kinds for the West Indies, South America and Great Britain. They are special agents for the celebrated Vielle de Montague Zinc Company of Belgium, and supply orders for roofing, plate and sheet zinc at the Company's prices with the addition only of freight and chaises. They also deal largely in Belgian glass, and are prepared to make reasonable advances on consignments of staple goods. The cemmercial education received by both members of tlie tirm, under the most favorable tuition, give them first-class opportunities, ■which, with a high mercantile ambition, must lead to excellent future results. ST. JOHN' AM) ITS HUSIXF.SS. 155 O. H. WRIGHT & Co., Ship Chandlers and Commission Merchants, No. 11 Water Street. Mi«. C. II. Wiuiiiir i.s a native of Ixiwislon, Maiiu'. He clerkod in a dry fjoods and srocory store in Bitldeford for munj tini«', and tame to St. John in ISGH and dcrktMl in the hardware .store of W. II. Adams for several years. He tlien clerked in the nh\\^ chandlery store of Thomas M. Smith till liis deatli, and tlien witli Ins son, Georn;e F. Sniith, and others— in all serving; in this line of husiness five years. In IflTl he set up the business with Mr. Howard D. Troop, under the style of ('. J I. Wright & Co. Mr. Troop is son of J. V. Troop, Nova Scotia, horn a.-d bred to the shii)i)iiig business in which his father has been for many ytsars very extensively eiij^aged. In a short time after the establishment of this firm, the enterja-ise and business connections of its mendiera built up a very large trade, probablj' t'xeeoding that ©f any similar establishment, and amounting to S100,(MM) annually. They carry a very heavy stock in all the articles which enter into the ecpiipment of a ship, which 1111s the several flats of tlieir large store. One whole flat is filled with hemp and manilla cordage in all its varietj' and of the best (pu'.lity impin-ted. In the other staples of Bolt Rope, Wire Kigging, Oakum, Duck, (Janvas and Naval Stores they are abundantly provir) liiO 2fi,8i).'l 1820 i-'O .'ll.tWO 1827 l*!) LM,80(» 1828 71 irMioO 182U «',4 8,4:)0 183() .VJ <),242 1831 Til S.Wl 1832 70 14,081 IS.'iS 07 17,837 1834 02 24,140 180r) 07 2r).71Hi 1836 KM) 20,(14.1 18.37 00 27,288 1838 122 20,107 1830 : 104 4r>,8(')4 1840 108 04,104 1841 liy 47,140 1842 88 22,840 1843 04 14,000 1844 87 24,.')43 1845 02 28,072 1840 124 40,383 1847 llo .^3,373 1848 80 22,703 1840 no .30,280 18.')0 8(5 30,300 ISol i»0 4.'),r)9o 1852 118 .^t8,390 ]8r.3 122 71,428 1804 135 00,420 1855 05 o4,''>6l 1850 129 79,007 1857 • 148 71,989 1858 75 20.263 1850 03 88,330 1860 KJO 41,003 1801 80 40,523 1(362 00 48,719 liiiilt ami re- st fifty yeare. i tlu> iu'D^vebS it iH'caine Hii iiH and Huctu- iliinfiit as in 1 n)lo also its > building for reo-fourtliB of .lohn, and of ■« in mind, the liphiiildingin Ton». 28,8S).'J lil,80<') ir),('.')6 8,4')0 8,r)7l 14,()8l 17,837 24,140 2r).7ir) 27,288 20,107 4r),8tJ4 ()4,104 47,14() 22,840 14,050 24,543 28,972 40,383 53,373 22,793 39,280 30,35(J 45,595 58,399 71,428 99,420 54,56 1 79,{J07 71,989 20.263 88,330 41,003 40,523 48,719 BIIirBUILUi>'a STATISTICS. 157 18r>3 137 flfl,250 1864 103 92,005 1805 148 06,474 I8r»<; 118 45,922 1807 108 20,280 18*« 103 29,03<5 1809 70 26,297 1870 85 29,040 1871 80 28,104 1872 lot .34,121 1873 82 'M,{W 1874 95 38,080 The returns for the last two years are exeUisive of St. Andrews from which we have no returns. THE SlIIPl'INO OF I ". JOIIX. The following table shows the amount of shipping remaining on the Registry Books of St. .John on the 3l8t December of each year for the past tweuty-one years : Year. No. of Vesiels. Tout, 1854 582 lld,m> 1855 .500 110,451 1856 585 1,3.5,713 18.57 .543 133,669 1858 497 114,4.57 1859 489 112,420 18('»0 492 123,425 1861 480 137,873 1862 475 135,247 1863 521 174,135 1804 570 185,700 186.5 628 203,783 1866 012 195,199 1867 640 186,300 1808 (582 196,018 1869.... 703 203,660 1870 734 214,814 1871 707 226,727 1872 814 246,485 1873 • 803 247,227 1874 808 263,410 St. John is the fourth port of the British Empire iu tonnage, and has double the tonnage of any other port in Canada. Tlie following is a summary of the tonnage of St. John on the SIst .Dec, 1874, showing the number and tonnage of each class of vessels : 98 ships measuring 119,i5,55 tons. 121 barques " 78,151 " 9 barqiientincs '"' 4,468 " 8 brigs '* 2,022 " 61 brigantines " 16,358 " 316 schooners " 27,151 « 142 woodboats " 8,889 « 3 sloops " • .54 " .50 steamers " 6,159 " ^vessels " 263,410 tons. I 158 ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. m ' ij 1 ¥ 'hi h: Gold and Silver Plater, 60 Charlotte Street. Mil. lIiLLMAN is H native of St, John. At an early a^a lie went ttv Boston, Massachusetts, and served a regular apprenticesliip to Gold and Silver riatinjr -with his brother, John J. Ilillman, learning the business thoruup,idy in all it* branches. In August, 1801, Mr. Ililhnan returned to St. John and began busi- ness on his own account in Union street, lie was the first in the busi- ness I'/i St. Jolm. He wns, in fact, the first to enter on tliis branch of business in the Maritime Provinces, and his experiment was soon re- "vvarded with success. Two years after the starting of the business the building in which it was located Avas nearly destroyed by fire, and tlie establishment was mo\'ed to Ciermain street. After two years' stay in Germain street a removal to the premises now oecupu d ii> Cliarlotte street was effected. The manulacture of Carriage and Harness Trinn 'ngs forms an im- iwrtant i)art of the work done, all the large manufacturers depending upon M lillman for the supply of theiv wants in this respect. Door 'lates, Pew Numbers, Table Ware, etc., etc., etc., are manu- facture and plated witli gold or silver, in the best manner. Both processes — Electro-plating and Gilding; and Hand IMating and Gilding— are followed, according to tlie (piality and description of the A\ ork to be done, (.r the wishes of patrons. The r.e-plating of old goods is also carried on to a considerable ex- tent, large and small orders for such work being daily received. The process renders the articles as good as new at considerably less tlian the original cost, and economical housekeepers and others avail them- soWes of the opportunity thus afforded for effecting a saving. From four to six hands are kept buc*y in the workshop all the time, and Vi'! value of the goods that are turned out in the course of a year arc considerable. The raw materials, which are imported, are greatly increased in value by tlie processes to wliich they are subjected, and tlie material wealth of the Province is thus increased by the keeping of money at home that would otherwise be sent abroad for the pay- mt :it of foreign wtn-kmen. (true:,' ' .- constantly pouring in from country towns in the Pro- vince, and from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, to which prompt aitention is given. ST. JOHN AJIJ) ITS BUSINESS. loU 25 Dock Street. — 0- Tins hoiitfe is among the oldest in St. Jolin, lm\ing been founded 1iy ^fr. Tho8. Parks in 1830. The building was swept away in the great Dock street fire in 18.39, and was imnicd'ately reconstructed. ^Fr. Thomas B. Buxton, after having been in the employment oi ISlv. l'arl7, and commenced business with a com- paratively small stock, in Chubb's building, which he still occupies. The following year he commenced importing, having connections with the best Dublin houses. Prospering in his trade, in 1859 he visi- ted Europe, for the express purpose of making a more general selec- tion from the best shippers and producers. On this tour he made l)urchases in London, Dublin, Glasgow, and in most of the vine-grow- ing districts of France. Three years later, he made a similar tour, which he extended to the German wine-growing districts. He has made a practice of visiting the old country every three years for this purpose and to keep himself abreast fof the interests involved in hi? trade. In 180.") he purchased the old premises on the corner of Water and Princess streets, uuderected thereon, of granite and brick, the present substantial building of 2.'') ft front and 32 ft deep, four stories in height, all of which he occupies in his business, together with his old connected premises in Chubb's building, giving a cellarage extending from street to street, in which the choicest products of the vintage are stored, and actpiiring an honored age. Besides the&e premises he lias bonded warehouses in Water street and in Ihe Customs build- ings. In connection with his down town business, ^h*. Furlong has a branch establishment on the corner of Charlotte and Miivkyt sti'eets, occupying one store of a block erected by him in 1871, for retail and family supplies. Tliis block is r)0x200 feet, of brick and mastic, of three'higli stories and one of the finest blocks in the city. A large billiard hall, rented to Mr. John Ross, occuj^ies the secun(i floor, and the third is finished into a fine hall and ante-rooms. Air. Furlong has devoted particidar attention to a general family business, making it a snecialUt/ to deal onli/ in the choicest grades of tlie several lines of liis trade, — whether in the whiskey and ale* of Ireland and Scotland, the brandies of France, and the delicacies of the vintages of Spain, France and Germany. He was the first in the trade to introduce the Jfner class of Sherries and Ports, such as the Amontillado and Vino tie Past o, old tawny and white; Ports, ete. By carrying an enormous stock of these goods received from first sliippers, and keeping them on hand for years before offering them, he IS al)le to give his cnstomers the fullest guarantee as to ([ualitj' and age. His long exjierience and intelligence in his wares, have given his house its present high position which he desires to maintain an-i leave mriinjiaired to his successors. ST. JOHN AXn ITS BUSINESS. 16T porter auds, &c., a. tlio Avine trade fie came to St. lia, whence he s with a com- ptill occupies. ig connections in 1850 he visi- I general selec- tour he made the vine-grow- a siniihir tonr, rictf . He has years for this nvolved in hi? of Water and :k, tlie present our stories in r with his old age extending r)f the vintage :he?e premises !us1onj8 build- Furlong has a [avlcyt streets, for retail and and mastic, of city. A large !un(l floor, and (oneral family I loicest grades skey and ale« tlie delicacies ras the first in Ports, such as it(! Ports, ete. t'd from first oftVringthem, to(inality and s, have given maintain ani THURQAR & RUSSELL, Wine, Spirit and Commission Business, 13 North Market Wharf. This liuuse was founded about sixty years ago by John Venner, and is the oldest in tlie city. .John Venner Tliurgar, who came from Eng- land and was Mr. Venner's clerk, succeeded him about fifty years ago,. and retired iv favov of the present proprietors in November, 18('»4, Mr. Thurgar, v(*i'y early in life, became interested in the Volunteer movement and joined an Artillery corps as private, rising through all grades to the rank of Colonel, which he now holds in the Militia. He has given much time and money to keep the force up. He was Pi'esident of the City BanV thirty or forty years ago, has been a Director of the Equitable and Marine Insurance Companies, and was for twenty-five years senior Director of the Bank of Brilisli North America. Mr. Thurgar jmssed tlirougli the commercial panics of fifty years witli unbroken oredit, Ids management of business being so judicious and successful that his position was never sliaken. His place of business was burned doAvn in IS.'}?, and, although tliere was no insurance on building or stock, the structure was immediately re- built. The Doili/ Gfohe, on the occasion of Mr. Thurgar's retirement, said: "Mr. Tluirgar, during his long mercantile career, always en- joyed the fullest confidence of the community, and of all with whom he had dealings, a confidence that was never misplaced. No man could retire from business with a cleaner record in every respect, and enjoying a gi*eater amount of respect and esteem." His son, Mr. .1. Venner Thurgar, Jr., and ^fr. John Russell, who was his book-keeper for twenty-one years, have sucjeeded him, and begun under most favorable auspices. It is their intention to increase their already large business. They are agents for Dunnville & Go's old Irish Whiskey, and keep a choice selection of wines and brandies, etc., which they sell at wholesale only. Tlie ju'estige of the liouse, and their own reputation for honorable dealing, ensure them a large share of business. Mr. Thurgar has, like his father, always taken an interest in the Volunteers. In 18(51 he raised a company, the Royals, of which he was made Captain. When this and other companies were consolidated into the G2nd Battalion Capt. Thurgar was nuide Adjutant, which position he held when, druing the excitement caused by the threat- ened Fenian invasion, he went into camp at St. Andrews for the de- fence of the frontier. He was next promoted to be Major, and, after the di.sbanding of the corps, was gazetted Lt. Colonel of the iJrd St. John Reserve Militia, which position he now holds. IS -la 1(12 ST. .TOIIX .VSD ITS UL'SINESS. lil; \f'' J. N. WILSON, General Merchant and Importer, 16 Nelson Street, SOLE AGENT IN NEW BRUNSWICK AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND To/ the Vine Growers' Company of Cognac. France; Mr, J, H. Henkes' Distillery, Df.iflshaven, Holland; The Windsor Distillery of Walker .;ille, Ontario. This liouse A\as fi)un(led in 18.')0 by Crane & Co., who carrieil cm a lieavy West India trado, Shi[tpinp, etc. In ISfil? it bt'canie Crane & iiilclu'ist, and operated considerably in molasse.s, Avines and spirits. Ml". Gilchrist died in LStu, and the firm then clianged to Crane & Wilson ifc Co. — the AVilsinis byinj;' Robert Wilson, who carried on a large business in the Bahaniits, and his son, .h Xewton AVilson, a native of Windsor, X, .S. Tlie tirni tlien imported extensively, and did quite a bui..i)u>ss in discounting i)aper. In ISCi!) Robert Wilson removed to Council Bluffs, Iowa, devolving the chief nianagenient on his son, who, by the death of ilr. Crane in 1872, accpiired «ntii'e eoutrol of a large and nourishing ]uisin( ss -for tlie piisi two years <\wrying tm one of the largest wliolesaie trades in licjuors of any house in New Urimswick, and having very extensive dealings with the celebrated houses designated at the liead of this notice, whose products have r, standard reputation aneen used for warehousing purposes a dozen years, was converted into a hotel in 186.'), to meet the demand for increased accommoda- tion for travellers, and is now known as the " Acadia Hotel." IVtr. McCoskery's business gradually assumed large proportions, and the house was the principal one in the trade tor some years. The business was conducted cauticusly and safely, and the credit of the projn'ietor was never tarnished by a failure to meet his engagements, aJi assigimient, or a compromise with those having claims against hiui. In 1873 Mr, McCoskery retired in fa\'or of his son, Mr. (', A, ^Ic- Coskery, who conducts the business on the same safe and politic lU'inciples that enabled it« founder to Aveather so many fmancial storms and amass a competency. He learned the business with his father, but was a short time with W. D. Foster in the same business. Considering the time he has devoted to nuistering its details thorough- ly, and his desire to please his customers by courtesy and promptness, the present proprietor feels confident that he can retain the good will and satisfy the 'vants of all who favor him with their i>atronage. Cigars, Tobaccos, Groceries, Wines and Liquors are sold at Wholesale and Retail, and family business is made a specialty. 164 ST. JOUN AM) ITS BU6l>EbS. M. N. POWERS, UNDERTAKER, 33 PRINCESS STREET. m m ■■■A ^ 11: Mi \1 i Mr. Mauk N. Powkhs was born in St. Joliii in 182C Ik luaruf;<] tlio Cabiuet making trade with Jolm J. Uogan, after whicli he wurkotl H8 a journeymau with Howard & Corbitt, Petur Drake, and lluuiljert & Bi*own. lu 1840 Mr. Powcrri went into biisiuesa for himself in (ier- main st., next to Trinity Church, in the building now occupied by Miss Stewart, as au Undertaker, being the first man in New JJruns- wick to make Undertaking a business of itself. After two years he moved two doors north, on the same street, to a building owned by tlic late Bcnj. Smitk, Esq., and added Cabinet Making to Undertaking. In 18.54 Mr. Powers abandoned Cabinet Making, and h&a devoted hie whole time, skill and energies to Undertaking ever since, in 18.")9 tlic establishment was removed to No. 80 Charlotte et., one door north of Horslield st., where it was conducted until 1870, when it avus re- moved to the premises now occupied. Tile experiment made by Mr. Powers was so successful that the Cabinet Makers were forced to abandon the Undertaking bnsinct»« iit'tor a time. Rivals have started up in his wake, of course, but ho has always had and still retains the largest share of tlie busbiess in liio city. But not in St. John alone have the professional services nl Afr. Powers been in demand, as ho has conducted funerals at Freder- icton, Woodstock, St. Andrew^s, St. Stephen, Hampton, Sussex, Dor- chester, Moncton, Digby, and other country towns of New lirunswick and N'ova Scotia, and furnished coffins, etc, for Chatham and umny other places in the Maritime Provinces. In September, 1871, when James Renforth, the World's Clianipio)i oarsman, died on the banks of the Kennebeccasis after a violent and unsuccessful attempt on the part of himself and his companions 1j outrow the Paris Crew of St. John, his remains were. entrusted to the care of Mr. IJowers, by whom they were prepared for shipment to l^Iugland and placed on board the steamship at Halifax. At Xew- e«stle-on-Tyne the body was found in so good a state of presorvat ion, and everything had been attended to so enti"Iy satisfactory to llcn- forth's host of friends, that Mr. Powers was warudy commended by Ihiglish newspapers for his care and skill. The first Glass Hearse introduced into St. John was owned by Mr. Powers, who has always taken the lead in nuitter.s relating to his specialty. Hj manufactures and keeps in stock CofRjis and Caskets of all kinds— Mahogany, Walnut, Round, Cloth, Lead, Zinc, etc., and supplies everything required at funerals on the shortest|notice. !ij ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. IH'. ST. llu lunriiftf] I ho wurkofl id llimilieiM. isolf in (Jur- >ccui>icil by S'ew Uruii.i- >o years lie J owuet.l by fiidertakiiij^. ilovoted liie c. In J 859 J door north 1 it Avas re- al that the ug bii8iiics»!i Liriie, but lie businesa in I hicrviceii of d .itFreder- 5us.sex, Dor- 13ruu8\vick and many Clianipion vlulent and ipanioiiti 1 ,) Listed 1o tliR hipment ti» At Xo"\v- resorvalioM, ory to lie 11- uuended by nod by Mr. ling to hifj nd Caskets ic, etc., and )tice. JOHN E. HUGHES, Oeneral Agent and Commission Merchant, Forwarding and Custom House Broker, Smith's Building, - - Prince William Street. Mn. Hi'GiiF.s was born in Liverpool, England, and came totliii^ Province in 18,')4. in IS'iS he went to Nova Scotia, and did business Uicre until 186.", when he returned to St. John and became a clerk with Air, Adam Young. In June, 1870, My. Hughes commenced business as a Oeneral Agent, Commission Merchant, and Custom House Broker, and has success- iiilly conducted these branches until the present time. One of the most important establishments with which Mr. Ilughoa is connected is R. Forsyth's Canada Marble Works, of Montreal, of which he became Agent in the Spring of 1871. This is one of the Inrgest marble manufacturing concerns in the Dominion, and its pro- ductions are unrivalled for quality, design and finish. White and vrined Italian Marble Mantels, and Slate Mantels marbleized in per- fect imitation of the rarest and riost beautiful specimens are received from Montreal in large consignments, and find a ready sale. They are of all sizes and styles. Many of the Afarble Mantels exhibit ex- collent si)ecimens of the sculptor's art. Mantels, plain and cheaii. and (»rnamental, massive and costly, are ahvaj's in stock in various Itatternsand styles of finish, costing from JgoO to $1,000. Mantels, Table Tops, Flo Dr Tilings, Marble Altars, IJaptizmal Fonts, Italian Sculpture J'Mgures, are furnished to order of any design and size ro- tjuired. (i rates of elegant design {m ICH BUSINJCSH. ; i: M-I't Pi D. E. DUNHAM, AHOHITDGT AND DESIQNEB OF AIJ. OLABSES OF Pub/ic and Private Bui/dings and Landscape Gardening BAYARD'S BTTILDINO, 106 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET. Mil. DiJNHAM is a nati\e of llunipst«aen so successful. After sjiendinfi a short time in Woodstock, where hi' erected several fine buildint^s, Mv. Dunimm came to St, .lohn in IHO;!, and discontinued building in 'b ''.'. Since coming to this city he ho* designed and superinte*' '-^d the ereclion of bnihlings costing about S<500,000, among which 'l, -' ^Mowing: Brick Bi'ILDINGs.— („ vn i .1 i-cli, corner Well ngton Row and Carleton street, »20,(X)0; IS* - Marii- »■ IJank, Markei Square, $(>(»,(««); Dr. Addy's, Union street, f^lO,00(); .; . . Kaye's, Germain street, nenr Country 'Market, S0,000; T. If. Hairs, corner King and. (lerinain streets. $0,000; James Miller's, corner (Tcrmain and Britain streets, S7,00; Wi'^gins Male Orphaii Institution (excepting outer walls), St. .Tames street, S4(J,(X)n; Kraidc Tufts', (^leen S(piare, 87,000: T.J). Ilanington's, cor-.x^r Rlliot Row ;ind Crown street, .«!7,(X)(>: New Wing of Alms House Courtenav iiav, ."SUMXH); Alex. Stewart's, (Jermain street, S12,00<>: Kdw. Mclional'dV, S8,00(); Jas. Watson'.-. Portland, -110,000. WoooEX BuiLiUNGS.- W. W. Ttinibuirs, ICIliot Row, *»',.OfK); .1. H. Harding's, corner Germain and t^iern streets, !!«i8,0(M>: ( Iran ge Terrace, comprising ten dwellings, corner Orange and l*itt streets, Si.'10,(MK>; Chas. Patton's, Iving street Kast. .S!7,: Centenary Church Improvement, corner Went worth and Princess sts., 812,000; T. P. Trueman's, corner Stanh^v and Wriglit streets, J'orl- land, $0,000; Thomas ITilvards. Portland', SlMKH*; IJapti.st Parsonage. Portland, 85,000; .Tohn A. Chesley'.s Povihuid, S.V)00; Alonza Clies- ley's, Portland, 84,000: .1. II. \'i'ilpev"s. Cnrleton, 810,000: Masonic HaU, Carletcm, 88,t)00; Catholic Schc'.ol, Carl.'ton, iiiir.,0(»(); T.Shaw's, Yanceboro, Me., 8I<»,nieving, Mjisonry, Painting, Heating, Ventilation, Plumbing, etc., etc., enaitles liiin to Furnish li!i^ osting alMHit m Row anil iaiv,S;(VJ,()0(); I street, near main streets, eels. S7,«M>f>: SO feet long, iiental Hotel, w (exeeptiiiK ueen Siiuare, treet,.$7,: !.\. Stewart V, iia. WatfionV. <'..OfM); .1. II. xns'e Terrace, )t.s S.'WXX': tyV, corner >), Waterlnu eet8,$4,0(K»: 'rinee^s .'its.. reeti*, INn*!- Parsonage. Uon/a (!lies- 10: Masonic ; T. Shaw's, (»,00(). ctive Archi- ng, Heating, l'rsign> an years. In April, liS.'>2, he went into the store of W. H. Adams as clerk, and remained there until the Spring of i8r)8. He tlien bought out the Imsi- ness and leased the store of 0. C. ilacdonald, .\o. 1 1 King street, and commenced the Hardware bnsinees, with W. II. Olive and 'W. Jl. Adams as partners, under the style of Leriyman iS: Olive. In tiie Fall of 18(W he retired from this tirm, and the following Spring started out alone, taking the new brick store just built on Harlow's Corner, No. o King street, which he occupied for the next eleven years, and succeeded by close attention and judicious adver- tising in l)uilding up a i)rofita))le and extensive business. l-'inding that business Avas extending up King street and along (.'iiarlotte street, and that it wouhl jjrobaltly centre around the new Market Buildings about being built, lie took a lease of one of the stores in .lack's new buihling, .NO. VI CharloUt! street, with every prospect of having his anticipations realized. The country trade lias been steadily growing in importance for many years, and .Mr. Berrynmn's establishment is in the most conve- nient situation for customers who come to town with teams, or by tlu' hUercolonial Railway, being but a step from the Country Market, and directly on the route by whidi tlie great majority of country ]»eu|»le rea"h it. It is also admirably situated for city trade, being nearly in the cenire of the town. The store is of convenient size, and is well adapted in every respect for showing goods in such a Miiinner that cusloniers may readily select what tliey require. In addition ti) his store in Charlotte street, he occupies McCul- loiigh's Jirick Warehouse, on Market Square, for tiie storage of heavy and bulky goods. Mr. Berryman mak(^s a si>ecialty of Builders' Hardware and Carri- age Stock, kee]Mng a fidl line of both, althougii his assortment of (jfUfral Hardware is as full as that of any llousf in the trade. lit' im[(orts direct, buys close, and is able tu give sjtecial bargains i*iiie8S. In 18()8, owin^r to hisses sustained, he chised liis store, and started his present business. Durin;:? the last four years Im' lias soM upwards of SI3(K),(H)() worth of macliinery for tho Waterons En{:(ine Works Co. of Brantford, Ont., wliose nianufaotures enjoy ii higii reputation in these markets. lie is Ai,'ent for the Fire E.vtin- {.(uisliers Manufacturing Co. of Toronto; for Jieffell's r)(iul)h^ Turhim- U'atoV Wheels, which Jire not surpassed by any wheel ever in>'ented ; and for all kinds of Wood and iron Workinp; Machinery, lie also carries on a brisk Custom House and Forwarding business, and re- (•vive,>< large consignments from the leading houses of (^icbec and Ontario. In additicm to the above, Mr. Olive has a fioneral Tickei Agency, where tickets may be procured for all parts of tlie world, and any di'sired information abont routes, etc.*, obtained. He is Tickft Agent for the Intcreolonial Railway, and his office is a great accom- modation fiu* those who have to travel over that road, one of the hcsi e(jnii»pe(l and most carefully managed roads intheworld. Olive's Si. .folin Baggage Exinvss is an original idea with him, and grows in impularity every day, nobody boiliering with baggage after once ex- pi-rieucing the relief this institution affords. The Boston Americnn Canadian says, in an avticlo on St. .lolin: — "Those who are acquainted in tliat city know that Mr. W. II. Oiivr is jusl. tlie man to prove your friend at a ])inc]t. * * » lij-figrnls iiu th(^ various trains, or .steamlxmts, will lake chargt^ ot tlie Itaggiigc and the persons of travellers, [xist them up in all matters requivid, and deliver them safely and consitlerately, for no other fee tlian a cheap e.vpressage on the luggage, (loods sliipped to or ihrougli Si. .lolin can also be consigned to liiiu, and any business coiniected \\ iih ihem, esi)ecial!y that at the Custom House, carefully attended id. * * * Mr. Olive is in every way a reliable man, — allending iohis own Uusiness, which is a large one, and accfSsUde to nil, irre.-.peeii\e of lees and prolits. *■ '* "• J)o not fail to eiiii.-i Ids sei'v ices if you n 1 help in liis lino." loat Apiit, STREET. •21 lif borjrtli II lI, ho cliist'il his it four years hi> ■ tho Watovoiis iftinvs CM joy n lie Five lixtin- )(mhh^ Tiivhinc ever iiivoiitiMl ; nory. He also f^iiipss, an«l re- pf (^lehee niul ieiieral Ticket tho wovM, ami lie is Ticket 1 j-reat aecrnii- nne of llie hcfil 1(1. Olive's Si. , ami p;v()W)! in at'tei- once ex- m St. .loll II : — \V. II. Ollv.. * lli.-{ii(eiil.-< >t tlie l)a.c;fi;i!4'e ttorfi veqiiivi'tl, lei- fee than a U' ihroiif^h Si. ninoctod willi y atleiiiled to. leialiiu;' id his I, iviv,-|)eeii\.' iT\ ices if \ Hit !». JOH> \yi) rra iiusinls^. lO'J MISPECK MILLS, Mauiifactory of Cotton and Woollen Yarns, Acalus L. Falmor, Esq., M. P., Fropriotor, Ori'JcK AN1> W AUKIIOLSK, UKKIt's 111 II.PINi;, WAIIIIJ SIIIIDr. Tni; Misi>eck Mills, t'oniierly owned by llie Saiiil John Mainline- luring C^onipaiiy, and sold by tlicni in November, ]87'>, to A, L. I'alni- ei% Kisq.. the jiresent proprietor, are siiiia1e<| ul the moiilli of llii- Mis- peck Kiver, on the Day Shore, somi.' ei^ht ur nine miles to the eaat- \\ard of the city. Tli(! water power furnished by llio .\li,si»eck, irtthe liuest in this part of tlio Trovijicc ; and the .situation of the Mills among the lofty hills of thai .section, is extremely pictiir.'sipie. This establishment was ori}.jinii!ly a wuollen factory, and i|ui1e u Itiisiness in tho manufacture of Flannels and I[(tmtvspuns was curried (in for a time by the Company, who snlisecpiently introduced some Cotton machinery, which, however, was operateil only (o a very small e.vtent by them. When the >fills came into possession of the present owner, the \\kole establishment wa.'i placed under the supervision of Mr. James J-. Woodworth, as agent and Business ^lanager, a position he still oc- cupies, I'indinj;', after a trial of a year or so that the niauufactuiv of wool- len goods could not be profitably pursued, that department of majni- lacturc was abandoned for the time being, and, with a considerable .I'ldition to the nu«cliinery in the Cotton department, attention was given wholly to the manufacture of Cotton Yarn; by producing a first- class article, and by steady perseverance in its introduction through- out the country, the character of the Mispcck Cotton Warp has at- tained the very highest position throughout the Maritime Provinces. In order to utilize ajmrtion of the woollen machinery, !Mr. Wood- W(U'th has for stune time jmst given his attention to the subject of manid'acluring Knitting Yarns, and has succeeded in producing not only a variety of superior .'1 and 4 ply Y'arns adapted to general ])ur- poses, but also a material in imitation of the celebrated " Scotch Fin- gt'i'ing," possessing all the best qualities of the imported article, with tile additional merit of being far more durable. The best native wool is used in the manufacture of these Yarns, and as they can be sold at lower ju'ices than similar goods can be im- ported for, there is no doubt but this branch of the business will soon become a very important one. M: ! \h 170 AT. JOHN AM) ITS UCSJMSS. BUSINLiriS ntOfrPIXTri AND lUSSIUII-ITlllS (H' ST. .lOlIN. Ilitlierlo we Iiiive .>*i»<>l il liiis b»'cri iiinl h- it is, uml have bukI uollun;j; of whut it ].>< likely to be in the future. Yet no one wlio is well nc4uiiiiited with its* po.-'ition and resouvcesciui il*)ul>t that St. John li».s ii brilliant future in ie worlli while lo.'tatu Itrielly 3i>nie ttf the advanliiyert whicii SI. John |M)«t4i'.-^>- eti, as regards iiosition and the results that arc likely to How fro ju them. The first and most obvious advnnlit^e of position thai SI. John possesses i.-^ its situation at the mouth of a large iiaNignble ri\rr. Tlio 8t. John Uiver i.s about .">(N) miles in length and drains alMiut r»<.i,- CXK) square miles of territory. Its tributariesaro niinieruus, and nuuiy of them arc large and na\ igal)le for considerable difttunees. The main river itself is navigable for hirge steamers, 90 miles to Fredirictoii, and for stem wheeled steamboats as far as Grand Falls, 2.'5U nn]>^> from its mouth. Above the I'alli* it is also lit for steamboat naviga- tion for a long distance, and the St. John may be deserilteil as a huge main artery -svitli many tributaries, beavi))g its wealth to its seaboard uily, the port of St. John. I-UMUKUIXa AM) A(iJ{ICl i/n IIK. The CJountry through which the river St. Jtdin aiul its tribuliirlfs How, originally was, and, to ti large e.vbut still is, a maguilieently timbered region and the main business of the ))eople li\ing on its banks was, for a long time, the cutting and exportation of lumber. That business still continues in full vigor and grows in extent from year to year, and, although no longer the sole industry, is still Hi*- jmncipal one, and is likely to continue to occupy this position f<»r many years. The great timber resources of New Brunswick wersons predict, there is no doubt, but it is not possible that it should always continue, except to a limited extent and under carefully prepari'fj re- gulations as to the preservation of forests. It is, howev er, fortunate that yew BrunsAvick can find a good substitute for its lumber in its «T. JOHN. us bfi-li iiIhI Hn ' in llif fiiliirt'. 1 rest Mivti's cull il, itr Uiiil il its nmy In- wnrlli y to llow rroiii tlial St, Jolm iNipiblo rixT. ttillS JlltlMlt .»,- rous, 1111(1 many iva. Vw nwin :o Froiltrictcm, alls, I'.'iU iiiil'^^ mi boat iiavi;4ii- •il»i'il as a 11 !!:,'(• to il8 rfoaboui'ersons should alwavfi y prepari'd re- ner, Eortiniale lumber in il.>? ncsiNrss puosim-cts cf st. .loiiv. in flRvicultuval re8ource8. That tliesji are veiy ample and valualtle, liae been shown l)y those well able to Hjieak of them. The line iMter\ak' lands of the St. John are unrivalh'tl for their in\)dnction of buy, and are a never-failinjj nprinu; of weallb to their po M'l-Hors. The ujilandH, though of varying ((ladity, an' in general adndrably adapted to the growth t)f grain antl roof evops, and niueb, of them are unsurpa«<*^ed in thetJH respects by any lands in the eastern parts of America. That >"ew IJrunsAviek, when somewhat weanj 'ew Brunswick as line an agricul- tural country as the lowlanfls of Scotland, which it eipials in soil and far excels in climate. When that day arrives, St. .John as its princi- pal eutreiiort and port of shipuituit, will have grown to five-fold its jn'esent sizL'. \o rival can ever conijiete with it, for the trade of New Brunswick, an 1 the inevitable law of gravitation which operates in commerce as in nature, must always tend to augment the trade of St. John, Tor trade always naturally seeks the largt-r market. MIXKBAL -VVKAI/ni. Agriculture is, however, but one of the resources of New Bruns- wick, and, although a highly important one, must be content to share with others the honor of being the foundation of its future prosperity The mineral wealth of the Trovince is very great, and both coal and iron are abundant. With regard to coal, the only beds worked at pre- sent are those of Grand Lake, but that is rather by reason of the prox- imity of other and thicker coal beds in Xova Scotia. It has been abundantly proved that a very large pioporlion of the area of the Province consists of coal formations, and, altliougli the seams are not thick, they have the advantage of being near the surface and are easily worked. There can be ni cpiestion that the niining of coal must in time become a very extensive industry. Careful calculations made by Prof. Bailey and ol! r geologists, place the amount of coal available in this Province at a -ry high figure, and no doubt one rea- son why so few beds have been win-ked is the fact that so mnch of the icounrry is cohered by forests. At it is, new beds are continually be- ing discovered, some of them being extensive and valuable. The iron + •. ,t:.f 1 1 'I ' 172 BUSINESS PROSPECTS OF ST. JOHN. ii ■ n found in Xew Brunswick is of the very finest quality, and our iron deposits in time become a great source of wcaltli. Tlie fact that they are not now productive, need discourage no one, and furnishes no in- dication whatever of what they will be in tlie future. The iron is there and the material wherewith to smelt it, and it is of such a quality as to command the very highest price. It is clear therefore that they must become extremely valuable. Among the other minerals found in Xew Brunswick we may men- titm antimony, manganezo, silver, lead, plumbago and albertite, some of which are now Avoi'lfed with profit, and all of wliicli must eventu- ally prove valuable adjuncts to the industries of the Province. "When" its mineral wealth is fullj' developed and its numerous mines brought into successful oi)eration St. John will not fail to feel the stimulating effects of tlie general prosi)evity and increase of wealth all over the Province. MAXUFACTrilKS. As a manufacturing city St. John already takes a respectable posi- tion, as has been already shown in the foregoing pages, but what St.. John is now in that regard can only b" taken as a slight earnest of its future position with respect to manufactures. Now it manufactures mainly for a local and limited market, and necessarily so, but that will not always be the case, and the time will come when St. John will be the greatest manufacturing city in Canada. This may seem a bold prophecy, but any one who examines into the matter will pre- sently be convinced of its truth. The main elements which go to make up a successful manufacturing town are, cheapness of fuel fox' the movement of machinery, cheap and easy means of transit for the bringing of raw material, similar facilities for the distribution of manufactured goods, and cheai) labor. We say nothing of capital or skill, which are both necessary tor the successful carrying on of manu- factures, for skill can be purchased and transplanted and capital will go wherever it can be used to the best advantage. The matter of cheap labor may also be summarily dismissed, for although labor in St. John cP'^not be tru^y called cheap, it does not differ materially in that respect from other towns in Canada. Cheap fuel, liowever, we have beyond any otlier city in (Janada. Our own coal mines and these of Nova Scotia furnish us with an abundant supply of fuel at a low rate and at all times r^cessible. Xo city in the Ui>per Provinces can ever compete with us in this particular. The sea, also, while it gives us the clieapest and readiest means of bringing fuel to oar fac- tories is equally available for the carriage of raw material. On this broad and universal highway Avhatever ve want can be brought to us ■with the greatest facility and the greatest despatch, whether it be Ul'SlXESS PROSPECTS OF ST. JOHN. 1 '7'lt. i'y ity, and our iron lie fact that they furnishes no in- ire. The iron is it is of such a s clear therefore ;k vre may men- l albertite, some ell must eventu- 'rovinee. Wheff IS mines brought i the stimulatinff ialth all over the respectable posi- ges, but what Si- ght earnest of its it manufactures tirily so, but that e when St. John This may seem a matter will pre- mts which go to pness of fuel for of transit for the distribution of ing of capital or ying on of manu- and capital will The matter of Ithough labor iu" fer materially in iiel, liowever, we coal mines and ipply of fuel at a Upp(>r Trovinces ea, also, while it y fuel to oiir fac- aterial. On this be brought to u» h, whether it be Goiton from the South, sugar from the West Indies, or the products- of eastern climes. Our unrivalled position on the seaboard, within easy reach of all countries tliat can bo ai)i)roac'hed by water, gives ua Hu enornioiifi advantage with resi)ect to iimnufacturing. The only re- maining element which remains to be discussed, the jioi^session of facilities for the distribution of manufactured goods, we do not yet possess in us ample degree as is desirable, and this alone has retarded our manufacturing industries. But our pasitinn in this respect is rapidly improving and in a very few years will be such as to leave nothing more to be desired, for St. Jolm is rapidly becoming a great railway centre and adding yearly to the extent of country Avhich must become tributary to it. IL is con8ideraI)ly less than twenty years ago since the first locomotive was seen in Sr. John, and it is only about iifteen years since the line to Shediac was oi)ened for traffic. Yet already we have railway communication with Halifax, I'ictou, Fred- ericton, Wo'^dstock, St. Andrew? St. Stephen, Bangor, Boston, and every other town of any six 'm the United States. We are now ablfj- to reach Montreal and (^ueb ■ via the Kurojienn and North Americaa Railway and the Grand Trunk, and this year we will be able to reach these cities and likewise Miramichi, Batluirst, lialhousie and Camp- belltown by the Intercolonial. Xor is Ibis all. By tlie Lake ]\Iegan- tic Railroad Avhich is now imderconstruction, St. John will be brought within 440 miles of Montreal and 77." of Toronto. This will give us, what we mainly want at present, swift and ready means of access to- the great cities of the Upper I'rovinces and the large centres of popu- lation. When we have that, as we soon will ha-\ e, there will be no reason why St. John sliould not manufacture more largely than any other town iii Canada and send the products of Jier looms, her foun- dries and her workshops all through that great Av<'stern country from which Ave liave hitherto been mit off by natural barriers. We shall indulge in no vaiii boasts, but those who live to see St, John ten years lience Avill see such an increase of manufactures as Ave can noAv scarcely conceive possible, and Avlnch Avould not be jmssible but for the splendid means of ciunmunication Avitli the rest of Canada Avhich it AA-ill then possess. Tlin Wr.NTKR I'OllT Oi' CANAl>.\. And this brings us to another consideration Avitli regard to the future of St. John, Wlu'U this short railroad communication itetweeu :Montveal and St. John is established, this must beconu^ the great AvinU'r port for all Canada. St. John ii^ the only port north of Cape llatttvas that is never encumbered Avith ice. It is iiearer than any other Avinter Canadian port to the commercial cities of the Uppei" Provinces, and it has the mo.it admirable facilities for the construe- 174 BUSINESS I'UOSl'ECTS OF ST. .lOllX. tion of (locks, l)Otli wet ami dry, and for the handlinp; of larp;o <|iian- tities of floods. It only needs tliat these facilities should be made use of, and that docks and warehouses should he constructed in anticipa- tion of the wants of the future, to make St. John the ent report, and point of export in winter of the bulk of the trade of Canada, a trade Avliich has already reached immense proportions and which is in- creasing with portentous rapidity. When St. John attains this, the position to which it is entitled by virtue of its local situation and its advantages, who shall put any limits on its growtli or name the point at which its progressive march must be stayetl!-' It will llien be truly and without exaggeration, what it has been sometimes called, "the Liverpool of British Xorth America." TUK IXTKKCOI-OMAL. It has already been stated that the circle of country tributary to St. John is widening year by year, i-^very mile that the Xew Lrunswick Kaihvay advances towards Riviere du Lovip, every branch tluit is built to the main trunk lines, every newsettlenuml road that is made through tile wilderness adds to the wealth and importance of St. John. By the construction of the Inlercohmial Kailway a v.ist ex- tent of hitherto undeveloped countrj' has been opened up, second in fertility and luitural vesources to no otlicr in New IJrunswick, whicli must eventually become populous, and tlu> trade of wliich will fall to St. John. This Intercolonial Railway will in fact be like another river bringing down fresh streams of natural wt.'nltli from a district of country hitherto unopened and almost unknown. And of all this St_ John will reap the benetit. ]»(^CKS — Wl'/r A.\I' DRY. There is one natural feat ure in wliich St. John bears a strong resem- blance to Liverpool, and that is with respect to its tides, which at both ports rise and fall about '2S feet. This circumstauce, while it is a serious drawbaek so ioug as the system of loading vessels at wharves is persevered in, is an enornu^us advantage where docks are used. There is no doubt tliat, at an early day, the construction of docks will l)e commenced in St. John, and \\hen this port is iirovided with docks its expenses to a essels a\ ill be greatly lessened and conse- re haste is denuxiuled, the greatest inconvenience and great cost are incurred, uf largo (iuaii- kl be made use I'd in anticipa- eiit report aud Jaiiada, a trade I wliidi is in- ,ttains this, tbe t nation and its name the point II llien l)e truly c's calliMl, '-the tvibiilaryto St. \iiW Briiiiswick branch tliat is ad that is made lortanco of St. iway a v«st ex- d up, second in imswick, -whieli inch -will fall to be like another om a district of 1 of all this St ;i strong rosem- idefc;, which at nee, -while it is ing vesselri at lero docks are construction of ort is proviiled ned and conse- deed the use of nd would have that large ves- oni woodhoats pd fall with the ors where hasto 4 are incurred, MUSIXESS TROSPECTS OF ST. JOHX. 175- owing to the extreme rise and fall of the tide, and the people of St. John will shortly be driven to erect docks, nature thus compelling them to adopt a plan of dealing with vessels which in the end will make it impossible for any other Canadian jjort to compete with St. John in point of safety, cheapness and despatch. "Wet docks should be built tlrst, but dry docks should follow antl, when they are con- structed, tliore will be no reason why the great bulk of the vessels which recpiire to be overhauled, east of Xew York, should not come here to repair. A tirst-class dry dock at St. Ji)lin would even bring many of Iler Majesty's ships to it, instead of going to Bermuda to repair as they have to do now, for want of any tlry dock at Halifax. Of course all th.ese things would kee]) large numbers of men employed, would in- crease the population of the city and its prosperity as well. n.VIE VKHTK CAXAL, • There is one public work which lias been already referred to in this volume which, when completed, must exercise a great influence on the future prosperity of St. John ; we mean the Bale Verte t'anal. Although a Xova Scotia cabiil has succeeded in postponing this great work for a time, it is cpiite out of the power of any porty or any clitpie to delay its construction long, for it is a work to whicli Nature ha.** jjointed the way and which the commercial iiecessities of the Domin- ion imperatively demand should be built. When it is completed its effect on the trade of St. John will be great antl startling. Already the whole Bay of Fundy portion of Nova Scotia trades with St. John to the neglect of Halifax; the Bale Verte Canal will bring the whole trade of the lower ports of the (liulf of St. Lawrence to St. Jolm also. Prince Edward Island and the Gulf ports of Xova Scotia will come to St. John to buy and sell an 1 no longer temjjt the dangers of the At- lantic coast of Xova Scotia to reacli Ifalifax. Hence the blind hatred and terro'. with which tlie Bah Verte Canal scheme is regarded iji that city, and the frantic efforts that have been mad« and will yet be made to prevent its eonsummalii n, efforts which, however, the commercial needs of th': Dominion Avill render entirely futile. The Bale Verte Canal will mak..' St. John likewise tlie depot of the West India trade now monopolized by Halitax. It will givi.: tlu's port communication by means of steamers with the great porls of the Uppe/ Provinces, it will render possiI)le the idea of a Canadian line of steamers to the AVest Indies, it will, in short, completely revolutionize certain lines of trade, and by opening up the vast (iulf region, hitherto in a man- ner dead, it will create new trade routes which will mainly c mtre in St. John. Tlie day when the Baie Verte C mal is completed will be a great one fn- Canada, an I for St. J il.n above all tl e otlur cities of 176 BUSINESS PROSPECTS OF ST. JOUX. ij -Canada, for it will do for it all and more than all iliat the Erie lias done for New York, and its people must be, Avhen ti)J».t day com. '*, ready to go for^f.rd •with vigor in the new paths opened ui.t to *hem, ai?';^ to ninke ]>:8 grea*^ national work, what it cannot fail oven tnpPy to become, aa immenae commercial success and a blessing to lie whole Dominion of Canada. SHippiX(i xnADi:. It is scarcely possible to consider the future of St. John, without bestowing some attention on the probable future development of its shipping trade. Already the amount of shipping registered and owned in St. John is enormous. It is the fourth port of the British Flmpire in point of tonnage. St. John now owns a fleet three times fis great and three times as costly as "that Great Fleet invincible," ■which, against our Alother Land, " bore in vain the richest spoils of Mexico, the stoutest hearts in Spain," and which it taxed tlie united ♦energies of Spain, Portugal and Italy to complete. St. John has al- ways twelve million dollars worth of vessels on the sea. Thi,- is the result of a people wlio are able to build wooden f-hips cheaply and well, resolving to build and run them on their own account and reajj the profit. That this is a healthy and profitable ivade has been abun- •< Ian tly proved by recent events. Tlie dejiression of business in Eurojje ,and America has affected shii)piug as much as it has ever been affected in any year in wliich there was not an actual commercial •crash and financial panic. Yet our large vessels have gone on doing a fair business, making less, of course, than in prosperous times, but still holding their own. And the reason is obvious, the world is wide, and our ships are on every sea. Trade may be much depressed in one country, and still tolerably active in another. Ship-owning, therefore, is a safe business, if conducted by men who are possessed of prudence and of sufftcient capital, and St. John will, we douljt not, continue to embark in it more largely year by year as tlie means of its people increase, so that it is difflcultto px .ci lo what proportio i« the shipping of St. John may grow. But \i an element of St. .John's future wealth and prosperity which is worth taking into nc- . count, for the increase and development of shipowning in St. Join (luring recent years has certainly been marvellous. Tin; GiiANM) sovniKn.N uatlway. AVe have already spoken of tbe increase of railways in Xew Bruns- wick in a general way, and of the large tracts of country tlioy were ripening up to tlie future enrichment of St. John. "We do not antici- pate for some years any great increase in our railway mileage after the roads, now under construction, are finished, excel tin one instance, at tlie Erie lias i>?.t clay cou). ,'<, opened out to innot fail even d a blessing to John, without jlopnient of its registered and of the British ect three times eet invincible," idlest spoils of axed tlio united St. John has al- sa. Thi,- is the lips chearply and count and rea^j 1 has been abun- liness in Europe , has ever been ;ual conimercial 3 gone on doing erous times, but s, the world is much depressed Ship-owning, are possessed , we doul)t not, 13 tlie means of lat proportio ifi element of f5t. taking into i\c- na: in St. Join in Xew Bruns- ntry they were ; do not antici- y mileage after in one instance, UUSIXESS PllOSPECTS OF ST. JOUN. 177 which will ic >fovrtd to presently. When oi^r lines, now under coustruct'op, ;i,re cuiiii)leted, we in New Brnnswick shall be Letter piovided with railways than any other portion of America in ]>ropGr- tionto our population. It is prudent therefore, lO rest and allow trade to establish itself in existing ioutes before opening np fre.-ja ones, which may not at first prove profitable, and which may in the end react with bad effect, by discouraging meritorioiis enterin-ises. The Grand Southern Railway, now under survey, should, how ever, be an exception to this general proposition, and it is referred to here parti- cularly because it is likely to have an imp(n'tant bearing on the fu- ture of St. John. Wlien comi)leted, it will bring us some r»0 or do miles nearer Boston and Xew York by rail than we are now, and tluit circumstanee must become a most important factor in our trade rela- tions with those cities. It will likewise be the means of opening uj) a large tract in St. John and Charlotte Comities, whicli is believed to be rich in mineral wealth and to be worthy tiie attention of capital- ists. Eipially important is the fact that it will bring us within four hours by rail of St. Stephen and Calais, tlie rising cities of the St. Croix and tlie future centres of lai'ge populations. The construction of this railway Is, therefore, a matter of the very highest importance. EXTKni'IlISE OP ITS UUSINKSS MEX. All the natural advantages of Si. John and all that art has done for the place would, however, be of comparatively small value but for the industry and enterprise of its peoi»le. Among its business men indolence and timidity find no place. They are i: ver ready to take advantage of ^tlieir honest trade opportunities, to extend their busi- ness by all fair means and to comi>ete with other places where busi- ness men are inapt or insensible of their advantages. The men of St. John have a natural and becoming pride in the gron ili of their city, and while each individual strives for himself, he justly regards the result of his labor as conducing to the general prosperity of the whole community to wliichhe belongs. St. John until of recent years has never been a rich city, and want of capital has retarded it, but this difficulty is passing away. As its wealth increases the circle of its enterprises will widen, as it grows in capital it will grow also in am- bition and, with a succession of such hard working and enterprising Ir'.siness men as it now possesses, that power does not exist that can keep St. Jiihnliack or preAent it from becoming, in the course of years, a great, wealthy and jiopulous city. UTKnAny AXD SCIKXTIFIC cultuhe. This very devotion to liusiness, which has been of such advantage to St. John in its general prosperity, has operated injuriously in another 178 BUSINESS PBOSPiXTy OF ST. .TOUN. I >^ l\ t" m way. It hiis stifled all docieties for literary culture, and all attempts to improve the testhetic tastes of the people. St. John is so full o bu8y workers that almost every tiling else but trade is neglected. There is no free public library in St. John and no public library of any kind worthy of the name. It would be impossible to find anywhere a city which offered fewer advantages for a literary or scientific worker than St. Jolm or one in which the results of his labours would be likely to be less appreciated. In these respects tliere is great room for improvement, and doubtless a few years will witness a great change. As capital becomes more abundant the time will come when the business of St. John will not be content to remain mere drudges, toiling from morning to night at the desk, to the neglect, not only of Science and Literature but even of their social relations and of their own families, so that when tliey become easy in circumstances and able to retire from business, their liabits have become fixed and they have no taste for anything but work. Th() great rivers, it forms a territory abounding in beautiful lakes and pleasant brooks, picturesque hills- and delightful valleys. It is fanned by health giving breezes from ocean and river, and on its Miargin is one of the most delightful inland yachting waters in the world. Here then is the site of the future city of St. John, a city -vv aich will be as beautiful and enlightened as it is prosperous and wealthy. A city where literary and scientific institu- tions sliall .I'jurish, and a free pul)lic lil)rary place the richest stores of knowleri.'^jt vrithiu xha reacli of all : wliere pleasant parks shall be lJro^•ided for the ];abiic recreation and Bot.nnic gardens for the stu- dent and the admir* v of flowers; where legitimate sports and pas- times will be encouraged i ^ vary the weary monotony of toil. Sucli we lioi)e to see the St. John of the future, and such it must eventually become, gre it in commerce, in manufactures and in wealth, and at- tractive ia all resjfect ' as well. BT, .lOMN AM) ITS IJUSINKsS. iro lul all attempts olm is so full o le is neglected. Lc library of any find anywhere ivy or scientific is labours would i there is great llwitnefisagreat ; will come when in mere drudges, ^lect, not only of Ions and of their rcumstances and lie fixed and they iled long years to ■Id them nothing St. John, without will find time to jnd please the eye, city has been fa- ov beauty and for hills, nor the far- l than St. John. (, but the adjacent u' municipal gov- orms a territory pict\iresrpie hills ing breezes from delightful inland of the future city ilightened as it is scientific institu- the ricliest stores .ant i>arlvs shall be ■dens for the stu- sports and pas- jny of toil. Such |t must eventually n wealth, and at- H. CHUBB & Co.; fprRIjNTErRS AJ^^ STATlOJ^EfkS^ Chubb's Corn6>% St. John, N. B. TiiK founder of lliis firm, whose history is coeval with the earliest cnterpvises of the city, was lleury Chubb, Esq., who was burn in this city, his father having landed here with the Loynlislt-. Mr. Cliubb, when a boy, was apprenticiid to Mr. .Jacob Mott, tlio King's Printer, and at a very early age — long befove his term of apprenticeship liarl expired— condu.?ted tlie work of the printing olllce for Mrs. Mott, who carried on the business after ihe death of hor husbnnd. In 1811, ^fr. Chubb commenced, on his own account, the publica- tion of The Xeio Bntnsivkk Courier, a weekly issue, whicli was regularly and uninterruptedly continued by himself and succesfors until 1SG5. In 1842, he took in partnership Samuel Seeds, who was brought up i'i the business hy him, and his eidecl son, Ilenrj' J. Chubb. Ilnry .). Chubb I'.aving died in ISrH, the business was continued by tlie surviv- ing i)arlners until ti;e sprij)g of 18;",'), when Mr. Chubb died, leaving his share of the business to hia partner, "Samuel Seeos, and his sons, Thomas Chubb and (Jeorge Jfimes Chubb. Mr. Seeds retiring from the firm in 1863, Thomas and G. J. Cliubb continued together until 180r>, wlien O. J. Chubb bought out his brother's interest and became sole propi'ietor, which ho no-*'.' is, retaining still the old style and title of II. Chubb . The business, both wholesale and retail, which is done in these lines is very large, and, as the goods aw imported direct from the manufacturers in very large quantities, the jn-ices are as low as can be offered by any competitor. A large share of the Book and Job Printing of the Province is done . at this establishment. With book, newspaper, general jobbing and card presses, driven by steam, a great variety of metal and wood type, and all the other plant requisitP v.\ a Printing house, Messrs. Chubb & <>). are able to fill orders for the pi-inting of Pamplets, Time Tables, Legal Forms, Show Bills, Business and Visiting Cards, Bill Heads, Posters, Circulars, etc., without delay rnd in the most satisfactory manner. Two or three periodicals are i)rinted here, Pud a vast amount of job work is done. As the plant is frequently renewed, and none but comjietent printers are employed, the execution of the work is highly satisfactory to patrons. Agents for Circusses, Concert Troupes, (itc, will find it to their advantage to order their printing of tins house, and country dealers may send for anything they or their cus- tomers require in the printing line with the certainty of being satis- lied with the character of the work and the amount of the charge. An ext elusive Jobbing Business is done in Fancy Goods, especially in Holiday lines, and a great variety is regularly dealt in at wholesale mid retail. Fishing Tackle has long been a specialty of the house, the most ap- proved kinds of lines, reels, rods, flies and nets being kept on hand for tlie benefit of the sportsmen who whip the lakes and streams in the vicinity of the city for trout, or visit the North Shore Rivers for salmon. A large percentage of the many Americans who visit New Brunswick annually for angling purposes get their fishing tackle at €hubb's, and recommend the friends who follow in their footsteps to do likewise. The Bindery is conducted by a workman of superior skill and taste, who gained a tlu)rough knowledge of the niceties of the art in the United States. His work is substantial in character, neat in design, and finished in every detail. Large or small orders for costly or cheap bindings are attended to as quickly as possible, and satisfaction guaranteed. 8T. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. 181 hubb'a Corner , branch of the and must con- iise two kinds of the largest pens, etc., etc., I price known , which is done •ted direct from i are as low as 'rovince is done i-al jobbing and I and wood type, Messrs. Chubb & Is, Time Tables, rds. Bill Heads, lost satisfactory id a vast amount newed, and none II of the work is Concert Troupes, I printing of this iiey or their cus- of being satis- of the charge. Goods, especially It in at wholesale )i:se, the most ap- , kept on hand for id streams in the Shore Rivers for ks who visit New . fishing tackle at their footsteps to Lor skill and taste, of the art in the r, neat in design, or costly or cheap and satisfaction L. H. DeVEBER & SONS, Wholesale Dry Goods and Groceries, No. 47 Prince William St and No. 24 Water St. L. II. DkVkbek, Esq., the founder of this house, was born in Bur- ton, Suubury County, July 12, 1790, and came to St. John in 1807 — at the age of seventeen — to seek his fortune, just as hosts of country boys leave their fathers' farms every year and enter on the race for wealth or the struggle for existence in the centres of commercial activity. Boys from the farm, vigorous with the strength gained by an out-of-door life in the pure atmosphere of the country, free from habits of dissipation and extravagant tastes, eager to gain wealth and reputation, make the most successful merchants and the ablest jiro- fessional men of every large city, and the youthful DeVeber, who came to St. John in 1807, was destined to become a striking example of this fact. St. John, in the first decade of the century, was not of much ira- liortance in comparison with the St. John of to-day, although it was of as much importance then as now in comparison with the rest of the Province. The city was only twenty-one years old wh*>n Mr. De- Veber came to it, and, although those years had been soasons of rapid •growth and vigorous enterpiise, its trade was small, iis shipping in- significant, and its ca])ital limited. There was no steau? communica- tion in those days between St. John and the United States, between St. John and Halifax, nor between St. John and the towns and villages •of the interior. Goods were procured at infrequent and uncertain times by sailing vessels, shipments were made without the aid of an Atlantic Cable in ascertaining the state of the distant markets, and business was done in the dark in comparison with the present system of conducting commercial ojierations with the aid of telegraphic ad- vices and steam communication by land and water. In those dpys it required gi'eater foresight in laimching enterprises or entering on speculations, and g:reater patience in waiting for results, than at present, and the man who entered commercial life found no beaten path ready for him to tread. Mr. DeVeber, having the rare combination of qualities that were necessary for success in the hazardous walks of the commerce of that time, soon entered on a prosperous business career. After learning the details of trade while acting as clerk for James *Codner, \?hose place of business was on the old Coffee House Corner, Mr. DeVeber associated himself with Richard Sands, the firm name 182 L. II. DliVKKEIl AXD SONS. :'.^ pff fe'i being Richard Sniuls & Co. This wiis nboiit the year 1812, when trade was disturbed, and coiuniercinl transactions almost i)aralyze(>, by llio breaking out of war between Great Britain and tlio Unitod States'. The business was uninterrupted, liowevor, during tI)o i)ro- gress of that unnatural struggle, and continued tor live years, wlien Mr. DeVebor became solo proprietor of the establisluucut. Tlie Dry (Joods and Grocery business was conducted in both thu wholesale and retail brancheii for many years, after whicli the solo utteution of tlio house was devoted to the wliolesalo trade. Jilr. DeVeber, very early in his bus.iness career, gained the confidence of city and country traders and people, nad never lost it. His credit abroad wa.? also firmly establi;-liod, and has never been sh;iken by tlio- business disasters that have so often overtaken the community and surprised and ruined many of tliose who seemed to be among its staunchest merchant princes. Buying in the best markets, keeping on hand large stocks of the g(»ods most in demand, and » xercising ii wise discretion in selling, the houf-o of DeVeber grew up steadily* with the growth of the City and I'rovincc, extended its opcratioifs with the increase of faclities fi)r transjiortation, sent its buyers to the West Indies, tlie United Stales, and Great Brilnin, and gained customers all over the Maritime Provinces, ilany oilier houses have risen quickly, flourished for a tinie, and then gone down with a crash amid the execrations of creditors, to the serious injury of the com- mercial rtmutatiou ol the City, while this one has been growing steadily, unchecked b^' money panics and trade islaguations, to its present propor;ions. Jn 18-18 llic! ard S. DeVeber, the eldest son of the founder of the- busineit!, Avas lulniitted as a partner, and in I8r)."i J. S. Boies DeVeber, another son, became a partner, the name and s!ylc of the firm being fi. II. DeVeber ilc Sous. In 1850 the senior retired, but no change was made in the name of the firm. The lirm's investments in entevpri?es outside of their regidar busi- ness have been very large during the past few years, and hundreds of l)Cople have been given employment in their lumberinL;, milling and" ship-building operations in diiVorcnl parts of the Pi-ovince. The principal place of businef-s has always been in Prince William street, and the house has suffered severelj' from the many disastrous ■ fires with which the street has been visited. The founder of the hoc.se, alt'ioui;h in his eighty-sixth year, attends almost daily at his oflice. He has alsvays been noteil, not iniy for his great business activity and strict intigrity, but for open-handed liber- ality to religious and charitable o1)jects. The junior partner is member of the Parliament of Canada for the City of St. John, liaA'ing been elected thereto by acclar.iation to suj^pJy the vacancy created by the appointment of Hon. 8. L. Tilley to the Lieutenant-Governorship of New Brunswick, and again by a largo majority at the general election of iSl^i. HT. JOHN AN» ITS UIISINKSS. 18« M. D. & H. A. AUSTIN, Importerg and Dca'ers in Inmbcr, Groceries, ProvisioKs, Flour, Meal, Pork, Fisli, lime, Naili, Cordage, Paints, Oils, Oaknm, Tar, Pilch, ,&c> Roberlsoa'B Whnrf, - - . . INDIANTOWN, N. B. ill \ M. D. ArsTiN was born at Scolcli Town, Grand Lake, (Jiiocn's '€o., in 1830, and was educated as a fnrmer. In 1802 lie came to St. John and engaged as a cleric in tlu? stove of IJ. Kolmrt.son, Esq., who at that time was one of tho principal merchants in rorlliind, but has long since retired from business. In tho sjn'ing of IS.^f) Mr. Austin opened a general (Irocery business for hiinself in TtnbortsonV, Build- ing, llobertson's Whiirf, Indiantown, on tlie site of the promises now occupied, and, meeting with good sucee.ss, steadily enlarged tho stock nrid extended his business. In the 8priug of 18G4 his ])rolher, Henry A. Austin, who had for (some years been asfociuled with Mr. Andrew lladtings a& clerk and partner, entered into partnership with him under the name and style ot M. D. Sc II. A. Austin, and the buf^iness v.:ts continued with in- creased energy and success. in the fall of 1861 the Messrs. Austin were burned out in tlie great tire that destroyed tho butdness portion of Indiantown, being only partially insured. They immediately rebuilt on their own account, and tho building was again swept aAvay by fire in the fall of the fol- lowing year, the lire having originated in premises leased to other l)arties. ilost of the property about them was consumed. Tho in- surance amounted to about seventy-five per cent. A building 100ft. x iJOft., three and a Iialf stories high, Avas then erected by tlie firm, and, togedier with a warehouse in connection, UOft. x (50ft., is now filled with the merchandise in which they deal. They have kept adding to Iheir stock imtil it einbraces many different lines, and liave on hand about everything that is recpiired for the sujjply of mills, ships, lum- berers and farmers. Their extensive salesroom and warerooms give ample facilities for Ihe storage and disrplay of articles of every de- scription, and the up-rivei people who visit them usually find all they require without seeking further. This is the oldest house in Indianlown, and, in the lint of Groceries, it does probably the largest business of any house at the mouth of the St. John. Its business in several otiier lines is also very heavy. Its interest in the lumber maniifacture is large, as it furnishes .-'upplies for extensive logging and sawing operations and buys and exports many cargoes of deals, boards, etc., annually. Mr. H. A. Austin is a member o& tiie I'rovincial Parliament of New Brunswick, having been chosen llieroto at the head of the ])oll for the City and County of St. John, in the general election of 1874. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 ^/ ^^'^H^^ 1.0 I.I l^|28 ■ 50 ^^" ■ 25 2.2 us ■ 40 I 2.0 JJ. 1.25 |||.4 1 1.6 ^ ^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation \ \\ [v cS^ 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) •72-4503 '^ ^ m .V'.'^ ,osi- tion, returned to Fredericton, and entered on th^ management of the- branch of W. H. Street's business at that place. After six yeara' ex- jierience in this capacity he came to St. John for the purpose of go- ing into business with his brother. Mr. S. D. Berton was bom in Charlotte Co. lie came to St. John< in 1834, and was employed as a clerk by Street & Banney^ Wine Mer- chants, remaining with them and their successor, W. U. Street, until. 1846. In 1846 Messrs. W. J. and S. D. Berton formed a partnership and' began business in general merchandise, occupying the premises of L. H. DeVeber & Sons in Water st. In 1853 the senior member retired from the firm and went into milling operations at Miramichi, the business being conducted as usual by Mr. S. D. Berton under the style- of Berton Brothers. In 1858 Mr. W. J. Berton returned to St. John and '\gtLin became associated with his brother. The business was removed to extensive premises in Smith's Building, Water St., and re- mained there until 1865, when it was moved to the present stand, of which the firm have since become proprietors. After moving to Dock st., the Messrs* Berton entered more exten- sively into the wholesale liquor trade, in connection with their gene- ral business, ranking among the heaviest importers in tiie city. In 1872 they withdrew altogether from the liq^uor trade, and confined their business more immediately to Commission and General Import- ing, making specialties of Te«s and West India Goods, and have ex>^ tended their operations very generally throughout the Maritime Pro- vinces. Their building is SOft. x 32^ft., has entrances on both Dock and Nelson streets, and its four flats afford room for the storage of a large stock of goods. Mr. S. D. Berton, in 1857, accepted the Secretaryship for New Brunswick of the Life Association of Scotland, an office that has al- ways stood in high favor, and has established a network of egencies- throughout the Province and gaittcd the Association an extenpive- business. ST. JOHN A.ND ITS BUSINESS. 185 NEW DOMINION Steam Biscuit MaMactoff anH Confectioser; Worb, No. 120 Prince William Striet. Mtt. Joux OunniE, the proprietor of the New Dominion Steam Biscuit and Confectionery Works, Wiis born on the Island of Ulva, Western Highlands of Scotland^ in the yetiv 1826, and was apprenticed to Scott, Confectioner and Pastry Baker, Candleri^g street, Glasgow, when quite a young lad. Afier serving his time he was engaged to come to St. John as Manager of a Confectionery and Pastry business which John J. Sharp, druggist, was about to establish in Prince Wil- liam street. After conducting this business about a year the build- ing was destroyed by fire, and Mr. Ciirrie, who resided on the premises, was left with nothing but the clothes which he had on. Mr. Sharp did not re-establish the business, and Mr. Carrie begw on his own account. Want of capital, however, hampered his operations, and ho dM not succeed. He tlien want to Boston, Mass., where he secui'ed an engagement with Clement Parker, Springvale, Me., for whom ho worked at confectionery and pastry making a year, after which he returned to Boston and worked two years in John Copeland's saloon. Court street. Going to New York he was employed in Thomi>son's Broadway saloon for a time, an I after leaving there worked iu various places, cruising around for a couple of years x)icking up ii- formatiou and gaining experience for future use. Returning to St. Jolm Mr. Currie was engaged as Manager of John C. Mcintosh's Confectionery establishment, in which Capacity he served six or seven years, and, on Mr. Mcintosh's retirement, suc- ceeded to the business and formed a partnership with Qeo. Lord. Currie & Lord carried on the confectionery and pastry business at 45 Dock street from that time, which was about ten years ago, uutil May, 1874, when Mr. Currie dissolved the partnership and set up for himself in the premises which he now occupies. The New Dominion Works are supplied with parent ovens for baking all kinds of biscuit and ship bread, sugar mills for grinding the sugars used, and about as large a stock of new and improved machinery for tlie manufacture of Machine Candies of every descrip- tion as can be found in the Maritime Provinces. The machinery is driven by a 14 horse-power sngine. Crystalized Confectionery, Con- fectionery Comflts, Boiled Sugar Goods, Lozenges and Syrups of all desirable descriptions are also made of pu;'d materials in the highest style of the art. Thirteen Bakers and Confectioners are ?iow em- ployed, but more are kept busy when business is good. The pay-roll averaged 88U i^er week last year, and about 600 obis, of sugar and 1,000 bbls. of flour were used. The goods are sold principally at wholesale, being sent to all parts of the Lower Provinces. , 180 ST. JOHN AN'U IT.-J nUSINES3. m lli i^ b*. t k ' :1 O. R. S. ISBISTER, Hoise, SMp, Sin anil Oniwtal Paiter, No3. 53 and 57 Dock Stroot. The lvtk 3\r,. LsnisTEit, Esi., n native of Solland, began the Paintinfj business in St. .John about .10 years npfo, and p;nined a large Kharo of ship and house work by reason of liis skill find trustworthi- ness. At the death of Mr. Isbiater liis son, Oswald R. S. Isbistor, who had nianapfed the coucjrn s:)veu years for his father, became proprietor, and lias continued the business on his own account with increasing activity and success until tlie present time. Sign and Ornamental Painting are carried on in a hirge workroom. !ind many of the handsomest Signs in the (^ity, and tlie most artistic- ally painted Ships' Afedicine Caosis, have been done here. House work, of every kind, is given pecial attention, the beet workmen being employed under the personal supervision of the pro- prietor, and every effort being made to give perfect satisfaction to the most critical taste. Mr. Isbi-stcr has liad no fewer than throe hundred and fifty customers in this class of work, which is sutiicient l)roof of the skill and faithfulness with which he executes the commis- sions with which he is entrusted. An examination of Mr. Isblster's books shov.-s (hat lie and his father have had charge of the painting, gilding and graining of one hundi'eu and six vi^ssels. Among this large number are many of the finest ships tlut were over biilt at this" port— ships that would favorably (;')nipare fur the beauty and taste of their interior liuisli and decora- tion with any in the world. Mr. Isblster's reputation in this branch of his business is unsurpassed by that of any other man in the profeis- sion, and he continues to lead all of his numerous rivals. An idea of the extent of this Ijusiness may be formed from the fact that oven at thjs exceptionally dull period ilr. Isbister hastwcnty-fivo workmen on his staff. The Paint Shop is next to the room especially devoted to Sign and Ornamental 'W( rk, and on the lower flat is a salesroom afld office, the building being situated in one of the best business locations in tho City. Paints, Oils, Glass, Putty, Varnishes, Gold Leaf, and all the re- tiuisites for Painters' use, are kept on hand, and may b3 obtained at tho lowest market rates. Pictures and Picture Frames are also kept in stock. 8T. JOHN AND ITS JJUSINIISS. 187 iiiiler, id, began the jftined a large I ti'ustworthi- stor, wlio liatl 18 proprietor, itli increasing ;o workroom, most arlistic- tion, llio best on of the pro- satisfaction to per than throe ch is sufncipnt ?sthe comiiiis- and his father f Olid himdreu ' of the finest HiM iiivorably s!i and aecorv- in this branch 1 in the profcs- s. from the fact lastwcnty-fivo id to Sign and and ufilce, the acalions in the and all the re- b3 obtained at s are also kept (Gilbert's Lane Woollen Mill and Dye Works, ST. JOHN, IT. B. o Tlxis business was started about five years ago by Messrs. A. Willis and J. R. Smith, who engaged in the manufacture of llannels, home- spuns and tweeds, and in Carding and Weaving for famiere. Mr. Smith sold out to Mr, A. L. Law. In 1874 tlie firm added ste^ui Dye Works. In June, 1875, tho Woollen Mill, with all ltd niacliinery, was destroyed by fire. The Dye Works wore imniediatoly refitted and enlarged, and tlio Mill is to bo rebuilt soon. These Dye Works are supplied witli all t!ie best machinery. There are two buildings, — 110x20 feet, two stories, and 80x25 feet, one story. Goods are received at the office, registered, assigned a number, and passed to the next room, where tlioir numbers are sewed on them. The Dye House, a room 25x80 feet., is supplied with tubs for dyeing fri.iu 10 to 20 colors simultaneously. A steam Washing Machine cleans as much cloth, coarse or fine, in fifteen minutes, as two in*?n could in a day, aud m steam-driven Hydroextractor dries 50 to 100 drosses in five minutes, without the slightest injury to the most delicate fabrics. In tl'.e ■upiier fiat are the Steam Dyeing, Cylinder, General Finishing and Lace Curtain rooms, the latter being capaible of turning out 100 cur- tains daily, finished in a style that makes them look as good as new. It pays to have curtaJus cleaned here instead of at home. The steain-. heated Cylinder, on which goods are dressed anil dried without a wrinkle, is one of the lai'gest that is used for the purpose in America. A Frame for finishing silks, Irish poplins antl silk Aolvets is some- thing new. • The pile in raised by bteam, and the pressing and iron- ing done by machinerj'. A 25 h. p. engine and a large boiler furnish the required heat and power. The soaps and dyes are all imported from Europe. Ostrich Feathers are beautifullj' cleaned or dyed any ■colo^; Carpets cleaned by a new process, without beating, and their colors renewed without injury; Lice and Damask Curtains cleaned or dyed any color ; Kid Gloves and Crentlemeu's Clotlies cleaned or dyed; and every description of Job Dyeing and French Cleaning done at short notice. Mr. Law is well known from having spent flv« years in the London House, aud both gentlemen enjoy the fullest con- fidence of the community. Rkcrivino Offices. — A. ilacaulay, 48 Charlotte Street ; II. Golden, Woodstock; Smith & Murray, St. Stephen; John S. Magee, St. An- great were the ion was caused the police were he press, jture enough to 1 of such goods L him to keep a that time to the Mr. Matthews and then moved purchased and e community in has received a from the first in nothing but warranty of his lim to be a mas- et and tempting Le in at the win- llieve the estab- |t with which it In the bounds of Ihich he is ready Is art at several I he attends per- Eide is attended . establishment ficome quite ex- ttablished. R. D. McARTHUR, Medical Hall, No. 46 Charlotte Street. Mn. RoBKiiT D. McAnxHun was born in the St. John Hotel build- ing, King Square, St. John, in 1825, and began his studies with the late Dr. Livingston, who kept a Drug smre at that time in the build- ing now occupied by Beard and Venning, in 18.38. Giving up his in- tention of going to College, on account of the death of his father, ho devoted himself to the Drug business, remaining with Dr. Livingston ten years and becoming thoroughly versed in the profession. In November, 1847, Mr. McArthur began business for himself in King street, and was burned out in the following March. In the Fall of 1848 he secured a store in the building adjoinin.<2f his present premises, (now occupied by A. Macauley), and conducttd a prosper- ous business there for three years, when, not agreeing with the land- loM on the amount of rent to be paid, he removed to the St. Stephen Building, North Side King Sqnare. Everybody told him that no business could be done there, on account of its being out of the track of trade, but, by judicious and liberal advertising, he soon attracted a fair share of City and Counti-y patronage. Twenty years afterward, in 1870, he moved to the desirable loca- tioii in which he is now doing business. Nearly at the head of King street, facing King Square, only a few steps' from the Country Market, and in the immediate vicinity of a scora of hotels, the site is one of the best in the City for the business. The building is three stories high and has an excellent cellar, thus affording ample room for stor- ing and displaying goods. The stock comprises Drugs, Patent Medicines, Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Paints, Paint Oils, Window Glass, Varnishes, Turpentine, Dye Stuffs, etc., and specialties are made of Cigars and Soda Water. The Soda Fountain is one of the finest and most elaborate in the Dominion, and the Soda Water is made on the {premises with a uia- •chine that was manufactured in St. John. Mr. McArthur served in the Common Council for nine years conse- cutively, representing Prince Ward as Councillor for four years and as Alderman for five years. 104 8T. .lOllN AND tTH IIUHIN'KBH. W. TREMAINE QAED, . 1 . a^ ^ 1 d. 333. 1 1 lai o. 33. d. ST oIx)«7 o 1 1 o r , 8ZAS8' BTTILSINO, NO. 77 OXBHAIN ST., (OOR. PaiNOSBS). Mil. Gaiii) JA a nativo of St. Julin, imd bogan to h'nvu tho (uiMfttiiillr ftnd Jewellery businosa with his brother, Tliomns D. (iivril, in Uil8 citj' fifteen years ago. After working for the host Jewellery housoe here,, and learning uU that wr.s to bo learned in then>, he Avtnt to lloston and •orvdd three years in the woi'lcahop of a leading Gold.siuith and JcwoN- ler. lie then went to Now York, and worked at wakiDg lino gold Jew- ellery, and Diamond Sotting, his object being, to gain a* complete, mastery of every branch of his chosen profosson. Returning to St. Jolin, a few years ago, Mr. Gard began busineK* for himself . There was not much demand for domestic goods in hia line then, people being strongly prejudiced in favor of imported articles, and his work was almost wholly confined for some time to. repairing; but the substantial character of his productions, together with their artistic design and exquisite finish, attracted the attention luid secured the patronage of tho best class of buyers, and the busi- ness has giiidually grown up to large proportions. Fi\o hands, includ- ing the veiy best workmen in th'j ('ity.are kept constantly employed, and they are not able to fill all. the orders that are received at tho busiest seasons. The business if still increasing, and tho workshopis- to be again enlarged at an early^ day, additional room having boen secured for the purpose. The a\ orkmen are supplied with one of tho best stocks of tools for manufacturing and repairing fine gold Jewel- lery in all its branches that can bo obtained, and Mr. Gard personally' sees that every order is executed in the most approved manner. A first-class Watchmaker is employed in tho establishment, and a soparute room, ciiref ully guarded from doHt, is devoted exclusively to his use. This is a gi-eat improvement on the ordinary method of ex- *lK)8ing the delicate wgaks of Watches to the dust of the workshop or salesroom. • A small but gelect and carof ully assorted stock of the best Watches,. Fine Gold Jewelleiy, Diamonds, Pearia and other Gems, is kept on hand, and imrchasera may rely implicitly on every article being just what it is recommended to be. Wedding Rings are made at the shortest notice. The salesroom is handsomely decorated, and. being near the Victoria Hotel, the Post Office, and King street, attracts the attention of many of tho visitors to St, John. A large Fire and Bur- . glar-Proof Safe guards the articles left for repair. Mr. Gard is strictly temperate, devotes his vrholo attention to his business, and enjoys the conftdeiice of tlie whole community in his skill and integrity.