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To him earth was only the avenue to aaothor world, and when he reached the gates of death, ho was only entering the portals if life. lie was mortal as a passport to immortality, and ho lived and built not for the present, not for himself, but for all ages, for eternity. While he was living lie prcpareictures of the As.-.yrian Kings, their bold features how differ- ent from those of the flat-faced calm submissive Egyntian ! Hero is an imperious, a contpiering race, that can brook no riv.al and can spare no foe. The Kings are not represented as seated, like liie Egyptian Pharaohs. No I The con- querors of the world had no time for rest. They are always dupicted aa marching, atriding on with uiisdivo siaewy luga, thu huge iiiiiscles uf which, far too largo to rosoiniilo reality, wore evidently intended to aymbolizo miijlit m d power. And their stepl U is tlio stride ofliiu lion. Surely thia waa u dominant race, iliu terror of the world, wiio wlien they coaao.i to coQiiuer, must hare coused to exist. Well might captive Judali imurn when she found herself at the mercy of audi cruel mas- ters, wlio itnew no pity, and ovon extorted a aong of mirth from the tears of captivity. The hour of retribution waa ai liand. A rnce mightier even than the Assyrians came down upon them, and tlie prediction \/as fulfilled '• Out of the North a nation coraellj ui>()n liur that shall make her land d^aolate and no man shall dwell therein." " Behold a people sliuU come from the North, and a gre a nation, and many kings shall be raised fcoiii the coasts of the earth. They shall hold the bow, and the lance. They are cruel and will not show mercy. Tiieir voice shall i-oar like the sea, and they shall ride upon ho/ses, every one put in array, like a man to the battle against thee, oh daughter of Babylon !" " At the noise of the talcing of Babylon the earth ia moved, and the cry is hoard among the nations. These two nations of the remote past, the Egyptians and Assyrians belonged to what we may call the Shemitic phase of ancient civiliza- tion. Excepting the Tyrians, Carthaginians and Saracens, we have no other branches of the Shemitic family that can lav any claim to being a dominant race. After the downfall of Aaayria, the sceptre passed into the hands of the Arian or Indo-European family of nations. The Turanian or Tartar race established no permanent foot-hold, in their fierce,but transient efforts to subdue the world. Thoy swept at long intervals, like a tornado, over Asia and Europe, but their fury was quickly spent, and they left behind them but few memorials of their power except in the ruin and the desolation which they had wrought. The Grecian and the Roman face were each typical of their national characteristics. The delicate featurea, the straight' nose, and the graceful well balanced head of the Greek, are thetraita of a nation that excelled in litera- ture and the arts, who h&d a deep love for the beautiful and the sublime. The Roman face on the other hand is hard and stern, the features bold and imperious. There is here no weak longing for art. Everything indicates energy and at^tioQ. The Greek imagined and depicted the sublime in language that can never die. The Roman was more practical. He made his life sublime, and stamped the history of his country with grander pictures of noble sacrifice and daring than the Greek ever dreamed of in immortal verse. The Roman genius was an in- satiable thirst for national supreme cy. With him from the beginning, Rome was to be the mis- tress of the world. The belief worked out its own fulfillment. The bent of the Roman char- acter waa political, that of the Greek aspired ratherto civil liberty, and to social progress. The little republics of Greece frittered away in petty civil wars, the energy and the daring that might, if directed aright, htive made Athena the rival of Rome. Nor wore the Greeks in- seti^ible to their inferiority to the Romans in all that is nectissary for national supremacy. Thoy knew and I'jU that their rivals wore a dominant race, that were destined to tread them under a Imol of ii.'on. Rome accomplished what Orcjce had left un- done. Siio conquered the world and retained it in subjection by her valour, her political skill, hor highwaya, her effective military or- ganization and Uiaciplino, and by the prestige of hor victorious eagles. Tlio indomitable spirit of the Roman Republic is one of the most strik- ing featurea in the history of the ancient world. In one roapect they reseuibled the British race. Tliey never know when they were beaten. Tliev Virero sanguine whore any other nation would huvo despaired, and rewarded even the unlucky General who though ho had loat his legions, had not lost what is far more value to a state — hope in its future. Rome had a high mission to fulfil, and that was to pave the way for the introduction of a new era, of a Christian civilization. United under one government, the whole civilized world was at peace, and while the language of Greece gave the advocatea of a new creed the means of making themsolvea everywhere heard, and underatood, the majesty of the Roman law ensured the safety of the merchant and the missionary alike from the Thames to the Eu- phrates. " The Romans aaya Profesaor Max MuUer, in his admirable lectures on the " Science of Language" (•) wore in all scientific matters, merely the [larrots of the Greeks. Having themselves been called barbarians, they soon learned to apply the same name to all oth'jr nations, except of course, to their masters, the Greeks. Now barhariun is one of those lazy expressions which seem to say e-^erything, and in reality saya nothing. It was applied aa reck- lessly as the word heretic during the middle ages. If tiie Romans had not received this con- venient name of barbarian ready made for them, they would have treated their neighbours, the Colts and Geiinans, with more respect and sym- pathy, they would, at all events, have looked at them with a more discriminating eye. And if they had done so, they would have discovered, in spite of outward differences, that these bar- barians were after all not very distant couaina. There was as much similarity between the lan- guage of Ctesar and the barbarians against whom he fought in Gaul and Germany, aa *.hera was between his language and that of Homer. A man of Caesar's sagacity would have aeen this, if he had not been blinded by traditional phraseology." " Not until that word barbarian was struck out of the dictionary of mankind, and replaced by brother, not till the right of all nations of the world to be classed as mem- bers of one genus or kind, was recognize>I can we look back even for the first beginnings of our science. This change was effected by Christianity. To the Hindoo every man not twice bora was a Mleckha ; to the Greek overy * Lect 4, 1st series. the man not speakicg Greek was a barb&rias ; to the Jew every person not circumcised was a a Qentile, to the Mahommedan every man not beliovind in the prophet is a Qiaur or Kafllr. It was Christianity which first broke down the barriers between Jew and Gentile, between Greek and barbarian, between white and the black. Humanity is a word that you look for in rain ii Plato or Aristotle; the idea of mankind as one family, as the children of one God, is an idea of Christian growth, and the science of mankind, and of the languages of mankind is a science, which, without Christianity, would carer have sprung into life. When people had been taught to look upon all men us brethren, thee and then only did tlie yariety of human speech present itself as a pro- blem that called for a solution in the eyes of thoughtful observers ; and I therefore date the real beginning of the science of language from the first day of Pentecost. After that day of cloven tongues, a new light is spreading over the world, and objects rise into view, which had been hidden from the eyeo of the nations of an- tiquity. Old words assumed a new meaning, old problems a new' interests, old sciences a new purpose. The common origin of mankind, the difibrence of race and language, the suscep- tibility of all nat'.ons of the highest mental cul- ture, then became in the new world in which we live problems of scientific, becr.use of more than scientific interest." But it wa8 not to Rome, but to the barbarians, to the men of the north, that providence had reserved the task of building up a new civili- zation. Old cre«ds and customs had bad their day, ancient civilization had worn itself out, or to use an expressive phrase was " played out." Men had grown sick of the endless barren dis- pntations of the schools of philosophers which seemed to produce no result but words and wind. The philosophers did not believe in the popnlar religion, and the very priests had become sceptical and no longer ventured to let the oracleii enlighten men by their equivocal res- ponses, and the worship of the Gods of Greece aud Rome was daily becoming more lifeless, and the offerings on their altars grew leaner and less every year. Gibbon and other writers have i believe not attached due importance to a fact, which when enquired into will be admitted by every student of Roman History and literature, that the host of deities worshipped by the Romans, were after the establishment of the empire, being rapidly supplanted by the worship of " the Queen of Heaven," the Egyptian Isis, and the Syrian Oy- bele, and that in the lapse of one or two cen- turies, had Christianity not seized upon the vacant tenement, the Egyptian religion, the adoration of " fue Queen of Heaven," would have be< ome the national creed of the Roman Empire, and Alexandria would have held tLe place which has since been occupied by Jeru- salem, Rome and Byzantium. " The unbounded attachment of the women to Isis " says a learned editor of Juvenal *' seems to have finally seduced the men, and this strange divinity whose temples were little better than marts of debauchery, was suffered to usurp by rapid degrees the attributes of almost every other God."* Even in pailoso- pliy itself the influence of Hgypt was felt, and a belief in magic, supplied the terrors of super- stition, as a substitute for the puerilities of pri- mitiv't^ heathenism. As this critical juncture Christianity supplied the want which was so sensibly felt by the worshippers of an eft'ete system of religion. The rapid diffusion of Christianity was by no i tns miraculous in spite of all that has been w> ten by well meaning authors, but the fact that it should have claimed the attention of the world at a period the most auspicious in the history of the world, may well be looked upon as provi- dential. The train was laid, and it only required a spark to ignite it, and to explode for ever the myths, the fables, and the traditions that had outlived their time, and had lost their hold on the respect and judgment of the leained, and oven on the fears and prej udices c; multi- tude. The Roman Empire, embracing the whole civilized world west of the Ganges, became Christian in name, but how could a new and a pure religion be engrafted on the rotten stem of expiring heathenism? The race had grown rich and wise, and the Empire flourished, if pros- perous trade, magnificent highways, univerial peace and widespread education, can ^iuffice. But there was a want that nothing could supply— the want of virtue and of liberty. Society was thoroughly immoral and degraded. Domestic virtues were only to be found in the traditions of earlier, ruder and purer ages, or in the homes of northern barbarians. Liberty \t&3 dead, and with it died all that can elevate and ennoble the species. Why asks the learned Secretary of Queen Zenobia, in his immortal work on the Sublime, why is it that genius is now no more. The loss of liberty he suggests as a clue to the enigma. The answer he supplies i? no doubt correct, for poetry the voice of the heart can only be heard when it is borne upon the wings of liberty. Hampered and shackled by the tram- mels and bonds of despotism, the human miqd became dwarfed, and a race of pygmies replaced the literary giants that were the last and the noblest fruits of the expiring republic. To create a new religion, a new nation, and even a new Dominion, you require the hope, the energy and the generous impulses of youth. A decrepid old couple cannot hope to raise a young family and to see them provided for in life. The venerable old dotard may have " wise saws and modern instances" enough to guide him, but life, energy, vitality, hopefulness, and the daring enthusiasm of youth are far more needed to enable a man to fight the battle of life with success, or a statesman to call forth from the dead chaos of indifference and selfishness, of local prejudices and jealousies, the noble self- sacrificing spirit of national life. But for the wild aspirations of one man Italy would still be the home of the Bourbons. Gari- baldi, though he would make but a poor mi- nister of Finance and a bungling drill sergeant, possessed what was of far greater value m the I * Stocker'i Javoaal n. p. 897. A e creation of a national itj than financial skill or preoislcn in drill ; and liia boyish enthusiasm, foolish though it might have seamed, proved to be a tornado tliat swept away every thing be- fore it. He was long a dreamer, but his dream be:amo at last infectious, and a whole nation began to dream of liberty. A disorganized ill-armed mob led by a wild visionary, was able to defeat the well-trained troops of Austria and the Bourbons, and to work out the dream of the dreamer — a united Italy. It was this generous onthusiusm that gave the martyr of Union, the lamented McGeo, such power, while his .youth- ful, hopeful tempetament attracted to him the affections of the young meu of the Dominion. We may have many older and wiser heads to guide the ship of state, but where shall we find a heart so full of love for the cause of Colonial Union, and of bright aspirations for our future as that which was stilled by the hand of the assassin ! With him wo lost more than the in- fluence of eloquence, we lost that nioti-'c power that is swayed by the magic voice of hopeful enthusiasm — a power mightier than the wis- dom of the wise, or the arms of an armed host— a power that can defy and overcome the dangers in its w»iy, dangers which are often only fostered by the timid tactics of temporizing sagacity. Pious hands have erected a tablet over the place where the Father of Oonfedera- tioL was slain. Let ui hope and pniy that history will not have hereafter to inscribe the memorial — " the blood that was shed hero was the life blood of the Dominion." How can we better express the grief and the admiration of his countrymen, 'lan by recalling (the elo(£aent lament of the Historian Tacitus .over his illustrious Father-in-law, the Roman General Agricola, the conqueror of Britain, who fell £ victim to the jealou.iy and the poison of a royal assassin. " To myself and to your daughter besides the anguish of losing a parent, tho aggravating affiiction remains thit it was not our lot to watch ovprycur death-bed, to satiate ourselves with behoWiug and embracing you. With wluu attC'litlon should we have received your last in- structions, and engraven them upon ourhearls I Every thing doubtless. Oh best of parents, was administered for your comfort and honor, yet fewer tears were shed over your bier, and in the last light which your eyes beheld, there was a something still wanting. If there be any resting place for the spirits of the good ; if, as wise men believe, great souls are not extinguished with the body, may you rest in peace, and may you recall your household from womanly la- mentations to the contemplation of your virtues which leave us no place for mourning, or re- pining. — Let us then rather adorn his memory by our admiration and by our short lived praises, and as far as nature permits us, by imitating his example. This is truly to honour the dead. This is the piety of every one who was near and dear to him. Whatever in him we have loved, whatever we have admired,remalns and will remain to the end of time, among the things of fame. For many of the ancients, as though ignoble and inglorious, oblivion has overwhelmed, while be handed down by tradition to posterity, will live on." If the hope, the energy, and the enthusiasm of youth are required for the creation of a new nation, and even of a new Dominion, how much more were they needed fpr the development of a new world of thought, and for the growth of a new civilization. That cf ancient Rome, whatever it may have been in its inception, had become essentially South- ern in its characteristics. A warm sun, and a luxurious vegetation had enfeebled the man, and developed the instincts of the brute. In- stead of bringing forth a rich harvest o/ what was needed for the health and happiness of men, the soil was overrun by a rank vegetation, amid which the vilest weeds took tho strongest hold. Even the eflfote superstitious of Old Egypt began to creep out of the grave, and find- ing a congenial soil were fattiiuing on corrup- tion and decay. Tho tree was barren, and rotten at the heart and no care, norkill, no cultivation could make it a healthy stock, and tho stern fiat of the Al- mighty weut forth, "cut it down, why com- bcreth it the ground." Nothing but a flood of waters could purify the earth ; and a deluge from which there was no ark of safety, overwhelmed the Roman Em- pire. Tho floodgates of the North were let loose, and nation after nation of ruthless sava- ges swarmed over the civilized world, stern barb'^rians sparing neither age nor sex, neither the altar, nor the hearth. Millions perished. Cities the abodes of wealth and luxury were left without inhabitants, and whole provinces and vast fertile districts were in a few years con- verted into deserts. The innumerable hordes that swept over Europe suggested those lines of Milton, " A multitude like which tlio populous nortli Pourod never from her frozen loinn, to pans Ilhone ou the Danaw, when lior barbarous sons Camo ir