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•1

1^:

THE

MEN" OF THE NORTH

AND

THEIR PLACE IN HISTORY.

A LECTURE

DELIVERED BEFOUE THE MONTREAL LITERARY CLUB, MARCH 31st, 1869.

. R. G. HALIBURTON, F.S.A.,

FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES OF CjPENH

AUTHOR OP "COAL TIUDB OF NEW DO.MIXIO-N," " I.NTERCOLONUI, TRADK," " NKW J

HISTORY OF MAN."

VOKN.
MATEHUL.S KOH IHK

PRINTED BY JOHN LOYELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET.

1869.

'. I

THE

THE MEN OF THE NORTH

AND TIIEllI IM.ACE IN HISTORY.

R. G. HALIHURTON, F.S.A.,

FKI.LOW OF TUB IIOYA!, HOCIKTV OF NOnTIIEltN ANTUJUAHIKS OF f'OIMCNIIAOKN.

I do not come here thia evening to speak j
to you of intorcoloiiial and foreign trade, of :
cnnals and frciglits, or of our cliunces for the |
prize of conunercial and maritime suiiremacy |
in tho new world, topics wliich I have liad l
the honor of discussing in tlio iiresence of !
business men, and through pamphlets and '
the press. Important as they may be, there
are other subjects of not less vital moment
to the Dominion. " Alan cannot live by bread
alone," nor can a people become a great
nation by its commerce only. National wealth
without jublic spirit is like capital without
enterprise. National spirit without trade is
like enterprise without capital. Hut national
spirit is of slow growth, unless it is the
olfspiing of a violcnc struggle, or of great
sacrifice. It can only spring from a faith in a
bright future, or from the memory of a glorious
past. What is our past ? Wluit is our future ?
We have come forth from no historical struggle.
We have no battlefield of Morgartcn, no daring
deeds of Tell, no Hunkerhil) monument, no
Faneuil Hall, no tradition of the stern patrio-
tism of a Washington. Never did an infant
nation crawl into existence in such a humdrum,
common place, matter of fact way.

With nations as with men. youth is the spring
time of life, full of freshness, vigour, hope ami
generous enthusiasm, and it nearly invariably
constitutes the purest, and the noblest period
of their history. From the fiery ordeal througli
which they have emerged, pat.iots ■ ome forth
purified from the dross of selfishness, and a stimu-
lus is given to the young nation which impels it
far forward on the pnth of progress, before it
subsides into that torpid sleep which tempts
the varapyres of corruption and jobbery to fas-
ten npon tho state, and to sucl< out the life
blood of the people. This national spirit we

are putting off to the future. We arc in fact
commencing whrro otlier nations end. We
are practising the cool wisdom and the cau-
tious inditferet.ce of nld age in our youth, and
are leaving young hot-headed enthusiasm to
spring up out of our maturity. As soon may
wo e?:pect the buds of spring to burst forth
under a summer sun.

Confederation has been the work, not of tho
people, but of able statesmen and politicians,
and the august convention at which cur con-
stitution was framed, created as little excite-
ment .7raong the masses, as they would feel in
the organization of a joint stock company,
where the only question for the corporators is
when they should sell, and for the public wiien
they will be sold.

It is but a sorry speculation, where the share-
holdcy have no hope held out to them of future
dividends. Wlien xhall we have our dividend
from Confederation ?

Honors and oftices, it is true, have rewarded
our statesmen, but the mass of the people cannot
be statesmen or officeiiolders, and as all must
share in the burthens, all have a right to
expect some share in the honor and the pros-
perity of the Dominion. Shall we ever become
a first or even a second rate power ? We arc
sprung from a dominant race, the first in peace
and in war, and nothing less than a leading
position will satisfy our ])Cople. Our corn
fields, rich though they are, cannot compare
with the fertile prairies of the West, and our
long winters are a drain on tho profits of busi-
ness, but may not our snow and frost give us
what is of more value than gold or silver, a
healthy, hardy, virtuous, dominant race ?

I shall not attempt to trespass upon what
may be considered as the peculiar province of
o'lF statesmen, and of the oracles of public opi-

nioii ; but without toucliing upon those politiciil
fbftturo3 hi our constitution whicii may grm 113
grounds for fuith in our future, and witiiout
alluding to tho many shoiils iind (luicksnuds
that besot tho path of the ship of state, I luiiy,
while avoiding tho delicate ground of lucal
and political matters, turn to a far wider licld,
from which tho s^tudeut of history may be iible
to glean materials that may aid ud in forecast-
ing tho national career that is open to us.

A glance at the map of this continent, as
well as at tho history of tho past, will satisfy
us that tho peculiar characteri.itie of the New
Dominion must ever be that it is a Northern
country inhabited by tiia descendants of Nor-
thern races. As British colonists we may well
bo i)roud of the name of Englishmen ; but a?
the IJritish people are thems(dves but a fusion
of many northern elements which are hero again
meeting and mingling, and blending together
to fiirm a now nationality, we must in our na-
tional aspirations take a wider range, and
adopt a broader basis which will comjiriso at
once the Celtic, the Teutonic, and the Scandi-
navian ol'inienis, and embrace the Celt, the
Norman French, the Saxon and the Swede, all
of which are noble sources of national life.
From the past we muy draw some augury as to
the future. Is the northern land which we
iiave chosen, a congenial homo for the growth
of a free and a donunant race '' What is the
stock from which wo are sprung? Wlio are
the men of the north and what is their place in
history? Can tho generous iiamc.of national
spirit bo kindled and blazo in tho icy bosom of
the frozen north ?

Here wo are met by a knotty question
that has pozed many a learned head, and is
likely to puzzle many more befo.'o it is finally
settled. Is it climate that produces varieties
in oui race, or must we adopt tlie views of
some eminent authorities in science, who hold
that tho striking diversities now apparent
in the languages, toniperament, and capac'-
ties of nations, must have existed uO iinlio.
In sliort that these must have been a separate
centre of creation for each of the great families
of mankind ; and they urge with no little force
tlie fact that nearly four thousand years ago,
the negro, as depicted in Egyptian monuments,
was precisely similar to the African of the
present day, while his master very closely re-
sembles tho modern Copt or Fellah of Egypt.
It is argued that if during more than four tliou-
sand years, or more than two-thirds of the
existence of man, these types have been so un-
changed, and apparently unchangeable, how
can we assume that these varieties could have
developed their present marked characteristics
in tho brief [)eriod of less tiian two liiousand
years. The difficulty, I believe, can only be
got over by allowing an almost unlimited anti-
quity to our race. The Mosaic chronology will,
I believe, stand the test of enquiry, and all the
fflllacics attributed to it by superlicial thinkers
will prove to be due not to the Scriptures, but
to our interpreting as an historical record
of ages past, figures which in contemporary
works present the same peculiarities, and yet
are manifestly not intended to bo historical.

It was once feared that tho science of Geology
was dangerous to our faitli in the Bible, but it
has not {iroved so, and no orthodox critic would
undertake to say that the vast treological eras
tluit preceded the birth of nuin, can be crowded
into the narrow limits of seven of our days;
nor will Ethnology find any obstai li's from tho
statements of sacred writ, or be held to bo a
dangerous science, when it demonstrates the
immense antiquity of our race from hu lan re-
mains found embedded in geological strata, in-
dicating the lapse of scores of centuries. I
shall not here discuss this difficult and impor-
tant question. I may, however, state that very
careful investigations of my own, extending
over many years, into tlio correspondence
between the customs and superstitions of all
nations, an enquiry which no one else has sys-
tematically pursued, have afforded strong cr-
robative evidence in favor of the original unity
of our race, as well as very good grounds for
inferring an enormous antiquity for man's past
existence 01 earth. The theory that there are
diversities of origin of man would upset our
belief in the fall and the redcmiition, and is not
to be thought of unless the i)roof is too over-
whelming to admit of doubt. Such enquiries
shoidd bo conducted in a spirit of reverence,
but without any fears as to the result, for we
may bo sure that religion and reason go hand
and hand together, and that neither of them
can over*be tho enemy of truth.

The very point I am now discusshig has an
important bearing on the (juestion. If climate
has not had the ciFect of moulding races, how is
it that southern nations liave almost invariably
been inferior to and subjugated by tho men of
the north ? Why should a ptrange chance have
planted tho dominant families of mankind in
northern latitudes ? Climate, it is true, cannot
in tho lapse of a few centuries produce any very
marked physical change, though even in one
or two generations its effects are sometimes
visible. But if wc can allow forty, fifty, or a
hundred centuries for the effect of climatic in-
fluences, we may bring ourselves to believe
that even the woolly head and the black skin
of the negro may have been tho result of a tro-
pical sun.

This point, however interesting, we must now
dismiss from our consideration. That there have
have been dominant races, in every period of his-
tory, just as in every day life there are master
minds that sway and control the views and feel-
ings of those around them, is an unquestionable
fact. To enumerate them all would transcpnd
the narrow limits of this lecture. I shall therefore
merely glance at tho Egyptians, the Assyrians,
the Gri'.Ks, and the Romans, as the four great
dominant races that swayed tho sceptre of power
until it was wrested from them by the Men of
the North.

The most striking characteristic of the Egyp-
tian race was its worship of permanence or
endurance. Take their history and monu-
ments as your guide, and you have before you
a strange phase of human nature, a nation that
realizes the strange myth of the early ages of
ihe world, tho revolt of tho Titans, or of the
Giants against Time, against Chronos or Saturn,

t'ov the Egyptiiins wore r>:'. Is against (loath,
anl insurgL'iitg agaiust time itself. Ohristiani
ni ly flatter themselve.^ that they exceoi) all
who have preceded them, in their clear per-
ception of a life to come, and of a future state
of p'lnishments and rewards. Hut the i'lgyp-
tian in this respect f.ir surpassed us. To him
earth was only the avenue to aaothor world,
and when he reached the gates of death, ho was
only entering the portals if life. lie was mortal
as a passport to immortality, and ho lived and
built not for the present, not for himself, but for
all ages, for eternity. While he was living lie
prcpare<l his own tomb, and when he was detd he
was embalmed and ilefied the hand of decay, and
still continued to be an honored guest at 'he
festivities of the living. Should his descendant
wish to bind himself by tlie most solemn coven-
ant, bo i^iive the embalmed remains of his ances-
tors as a pledge ; and should ho fail to redeem
it, he was held to be infamous in this life, and
accursed in the next.

We no longer use the embalmer's art to mock
the slow hand of decay, but do we neverpledge
the ashes of our f.ithers ? Whenever we lower
those wo love into the grave, we entrust
them to tlie bosom of our country as sacred
pledges, that the soil that is thus consecrated
by their dust, shall never be violated by a foreign
iliig or the foot of a foe. And whenever the voice
of disloyalty whispers in our ear, or passing
discontent tempts us to forgot those who
aro to come after us, and those wiio have
gone before us, the leal, t,he true, and the good
how cleared our forests, and made tlic land,
they loved, a heritage of plenty and peace to us
and to our children, — a siern voice come to us,
echoing on through thirty centuries, — a voice
from the old sleepers of ihe Pyramids, a voice
from a mighty nation of the past, that long
ages have slumbered o.i the banks of the Nile,
" accursed bo ho, who holds not the ashes of his
fathers sacred, and forgets what is due from the
living to tlie dead."

The solemn, silent Pyramids that were old
when the earth was young — well may we gaze
upon them with wonder and with awe. By many
tiiey are supposed to have been built as a 'dace
of refuge from a return of the deluge, but it was
against no mere flood of watens; that they wore
intended, as a safeguard. There lingers still
a singular mystical tradition of Asiatic nations,
whicli has escaped the attention of the learned,
respecting "The Deluge of Time.'' And it was
against this, against time and its overwhelming
waters that bury the past and its memory, that
the old builders of the Pyriniids were determin-
ed to rear structures whicii should defy the long
flight of ages, and the hand of destruction and
decay. In all Egyptian monuments, this spirit
is plain and palpable. Look at the ruins of
Carnac and Thebes, at the huge massive pillars,
at the colossal figures of the Pharaohs, not;
inarching on in triunipli, or even standing,
bnt seated in repose, as if with the firm intent
of resting there forever. Look at the massive
Sphynx, " gazing straight on with calm eternal
eyes," as if the mind of the sculptor, typified by
his handiwork, must have looked beyond the
limits of time, far into the eternity to come.

Wo no longer attempt to defy time by rear-
ing structures that can resist his dosiroyitig
hand, yet our submiss'jn to the tyrant is an
unwilling one, and that rebellious spirit that
inspired the Titans and the Kgyi)tiaiis of old
still survive.-f iu our hearts. \Vhen young wo
chide the lagging year.^, and wiien older wu
murmur at their flight, and at the last, wo fight
a hard battle at having to leave life just when
wo have learned how to enjoy it. Well, lot us
console ourselves by the reflection, that wo shall
yet outlive old Father Time himself, and shall
set our foot upon iiis grave.

The Egyjjtian bore upon his very face the look
of rest, of [)erinaiience, of endurance. Such a
people might long be iiowerfui and prosperous,
but could never be a dominant race. Coni|uor-
ed by the Assyrians, the .Nfacedonians, the lio-
mans, and the Turks, the sceptre of power long
ages ago pas-ed into the hands of foreign invad-
ers. "Destruction cometh. // convth, from,
till' North. The daughter of Egypt shaM be
confounded, and she shall be delivered into the
hands of the neonle of the Xorth."

In 8} eaking of the A.ssyrians I include those
bitter rivals and unreler ring foes, the kindred
empires of Babylon and Miieveh. Blinded by
narrow sectiounl j((alousies tl'fy m vy have lost
sight of the fact tliat they hi,d sprung from the
same stock, and may havo ignored the national
tics o;" 'I'ood, 'uul language, but history W'll not
forget them, but masses toget ler the leading
incidents in the annals of both, as making up
the glories, the disasters and the disgrace of
one great dominant race.

And thus will it be with ourselves. Despite
of all local, sectional, or national prejudices
and rivalries, the annals of the Englis'i people
and of their descendants '', nerever they are to be
found, or wherever they may wander, v, uei!;er
'"n Europe, in America, in Asia, Africa, or Aus-
tralia, will together constitute the history of
one of the grandest and most nobln dominant
races of modern times ; and in no age, in no
quarter of the globe can anything glorious or
disastrous be achieved or endured by an English
speaking people, without reflecting lustre or dis-
grace upon us all.

What a strange contrast do the Assyrians
present to the Ancient Egyptians! I ne\er
look at the pages of Layard and Rawlinson, at
the ropresontetions of stately man heai'.ed bulls,
at the huge limbs, the proud atop, and the stern
faces of the Assyrian Kings, but I feel that the
spirit ttiat breathes in the architecture, the
sculpture, the symbolism, the pictures on the
walls before me, is a worship of power and
strength. They deified might. Their great
ancestor, or rather their national divinity was
" Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord."
Look at the proud step|)ing human headed bulls
with limbs of colossal size, the very embodi-
ments of strength. Look at the ]>ictures of the
As.-.yrian Kings, their bold features how differ-
ent from those of the flat-faced calm submissive
Egyntian ! Hero is an imperious, a contpiering
race, that can brook no riv.al and can spare no
foe. The Kings are not represented as seated,
like liie Egyptian Pharaohs. No I The con-
querors of the world had no time for rest. They

are always dupicted aa marching, atriding on
with uiisdivo siaewy luga, thu huge iiiiiscles uf
which, far too largo to rosoiniilo reality, wore
evidently intended to aymbolizo miijlit m d
power. And their stepl U is tlio stride ofliiu
lion. Surely thia waa u dominant race, iliu
terror of the world, wiio wlien they coaao.i to
coQiiuer, must hare coused to exist.

Well might captive Judali imurn when she
found herself at the mercy of audi cruel mas-
ters, wlio itnew no pity, and ovon extorted a
aong of mirth from the tears of captivity.

The hour of retribution waa ai liand. A rnce
mightier even than the Assyrians came down
upon them, and tlie prediction \/as fulfilled
'• Out of the North a nation coraellj ui>()n liur
that shall make her land d^aolate and no man
shall dwell therein." " Behold a people sliuU
come from the North, and a gre a nation, and
many kings shall be raised fcoiii the coasts of
the earth. They shall hold the bow, and the
lance. They are cruel and will not show mercy.
Tiieir voice shall i-oar like the sea, and they shall
ride upon ho/ses, every one put in array, like a
man to the battle against thee, oh daughter of
Babylon !" " At the noise of the talcing of
Babylon the earth ia moved, and the cry is hoard
among the nations.

These two nations of the remote past, the
Egyptians and Assyrians belonged to what we
may call the Shemitic phase of ancient civiliza-
tion. Excepting the Tyrians, Carthaginians
and Saracens, we have no other branches of
the Shemitic family that can lav any claim to
being a dominant race. After the downfall of
Aaayria, the sceptre passed into the hands of
the Arian or Indo-European family of nations.

The Turanian or Tartar race established no
permanent foot-hold, in their fierce,but transient
efforts to subdue the world. Thoy swept at long
intervals, like a tornado, over Asia and Europe,
but their fury was quickly spent, and they left
behind them but few memorials of their power
except in the ruin and the desolation which they
had wrought.

The Grecian and the Roman face were each
typical of their national characteristics. The
delicate featurea, the straight' nose, and the
graceful well balanced head of the Greek,
are thetraita of a nation that excelled in litera-
ture and the arts, who h&d a deep love for the
beautiful and the sublime. The Roman face on
the other hand is hard and stern, the features
bold and imperious. There is here no weak
longing for art. Everything indicates energy
and at^tioQ. The Greek imagined and depicted
the sublime in language that can never die.
The Roman was more practical. He made
his life sublime, and stamped the history of his
country with grander pictures of noble sacrifice
and daring than the Greek ever dreamed of in
immortal verse. The Roman genius was an in-
satiable thirst for national supreme cy. With him
from the beginning, Rome was to be the mis-
tress of the world. The belief worked out its
own fulfillment. The bent of the Roman char-
acter waa political, that of the Greek aspired
ratherto civil liberty, and to social progress.

The little republics of Greece frittered away
in petty civil wars, the energy and the daring

that might, if directed aright, htive made Athena
the rival of Rome. Nor wore the Greeks in-
seti^ible to their inferiority to the Romans in all
that is nectissary for national supremacy. Thoy
knew and I'jU that their rivals wore a dominant
race, that were destined to tread them under
a Imol of ii.'on.

Rome accomplished what Orcjce had left un-
done. Siio conquered the world and retained
it in subjection by her valour, her political
skill, hor highwaya, her effective military or-
ganization and Uiaciplino, and by the prestige
of hor victorious eagles. Tlio indomitable spirit
of the Roman Republic is one of the most strik-
ing featurea in the history of the ancient world.
In one roapect they reseuibled the British race.
Tliey never know when they were beaten.
Tliev Virero sanguine whore any other nation
would huvo despaired, and rewarded even the
unlucky General who though ho had loat his
legions, had not lost what is far more value to
a state — hope in its future.

Rome had a high mission to fulfil, and that
was to pave the way for the introduction of a
new era, of a Christian civilization. United
under one government, the whole civilized
world was at peace, and while the language of
Greece gave the advocatea of a new creed the
means of making themsolvea everywhere heard,
and underatood, the majesty of the Roman law
ensured the safety of the merchant and the
missionary alike from the Thames to the Eu-
phrates.

" The Romans aaya Profesaor Max MuUer,
in his admirable lectures on the " Science of
Language" (•) wore in all scientific matters,
merely the [larrots of the Greeks. Having
themselves been called barbarians, they soon
learned to apply the same name to all oth'jr
nations, except of course, to their masters, the
Greeks. Now barhariun is one of those lazy
expressions which seem to say e-^erything, and
in reality saya nothing. It was applied aa reck-
lessly as the word heretic during the middle
ages. If tiie Romans had not received this con-
venient name of barbarian ready made for them,
they would have treated their neighbours, the
Colts and Geiinans, with more respect and sym-
pathy, they would, at all events, have looked
at them with a more discriminating eye. And
if they had done so, they would have discovered,
in spite of outward differences, that these bar-
barians were after all not very distant couaina.
There was as much similarity between the lan-
guage of Ctesar and the barbarians against
whom he fought in Gaul and Germany, aa *.hera
was between his language and that of Homer.
A man of Caesar's sagacity would have aeen
this, if he had not been blinded by traditional
phraseology." " Not until that word barbarian
was struck out of the dictionary of mankind,
and replaced by brother, not till the right of
all nations of the world to be classed as mem-
bers of one genus or kind, was recognize>I can
we look back even for the first beginnings of
our science. This change was effected by
Christianity. To the Hindoo every man not
twice bora was a Mleckha ; to the Greek overy

* Lect 4, 1st series.

the

man not speakicg Greek was a barb&rias ; to
the Jew every person not circumcised was a
a Qentile, to the Mahommedan every man not
beliovind in the prophet is a Qiaur or Kafllr.
It was Christianity which first broke down the
barriers between Jew and Gentile, between
Greek and barbarian, between white and the
black. Humanity is a word that you look for in
rain ii Plato or Aristotle; the idea of mankind
as one family, as the children of one God, is an
idea of Christian growth, and the science of
mankind, and of the languages of mankind is a
science, which, without Christianity, would
carer have sprung into life.

When people had been taught to look upon
all men us brethren, thee and then only did tlie
yariety of human speech present itself as a pro-
blem that called for a solution in the eyes of
thoughtful observers ; and I therefore date the
real beginning of the science of language from
the first day of Pentecost. After that day of
cloven tongues, a new light is spreading over
the world, and objects rise into view, which had
been hidden from the eyeo of the nations of an-
tiquity. Old words assumed a new meaning,
old problems a new' interests, old sciences a
new purpose. The common origin of mankind,
the difibrence of race and language, the suscep-
tibility of all nat'.ons of the highest mental cul-
ture, then became in the new world in which
we live problems of scientific, becr.use of more
than scientific interest."

But it wa8 not to Rome, but to the barbarians,
to the men of the north, that providence had
reserved the task of building up a new civili-
zation.

Old cre«ds and customs had bad their day,
ancient civilization had worn itself out, or to
use an expressive phrase was " played out."
Men had grown sick of the endless barren dis-
pntations of the schools of philosophers which
seemed to produce no result but words and
wind. The philosophers did not believe in the
popnlar religion, and the very priests had become
sceptical and no longer ventured to let the
oracleii enlighten men by their equivocal res-
ponses, and the worship of the Gods of Greece
aud Rome was daily becoming more lifeless, and
the offerings on their altars grew leaner and
less every year.

Gibbon and other writers have i believe not
attached due importance to a fact, which when
enquired into will be admitted by every student
of Roman History and literature, that the host
of deities worshipped by the Romans, were after
the establishment of the empire, being rapidly
supplanted by the worship of " the Queen of
Heaven," the Egyptian Isis, and the Syrian Oy-
bele, and that in the lapse of one or two cen-
turies, had Christianity not seized upon the
vacant tenement, the Egyptian religion, the
adoration of " fue Queen of Heaven," would
have be< ome the national creed of the Roman
Empire, and Alexandria would have held tLe
place which has since been occupied by Jeru-
salem, Rome and Byzantium. " The unbounded
attachment of the women to Isis " says a learned
editor of Juvenal *' seems to have finally seduced
the men, and this strange divinity whose temples
were little better than marts of debauchery, was

suffered to usurp by rapid degrees the attributes
of almost every other God."* Even in pailoso-
pliy itself the influence of Hgypt was felt, and
a belief in magic, supplied the terrors of super-
stition, as a substitute for the puerilities of pri-
mitiv't^ heathenism.

As this critical juncture Christianity supplied
the want which was so sensibly felt by the
worshippers of an eft'ete system of religion. The
rapid diffusion of Christianity was by no i tns
miraculous in spite of all that has been w> ten
by well meaning authors, but the fact that it
should have claimed the attention of the world
at a period the most auspicious in the history
of the world, may well be looked upon as provi-
dential. The train was laid, and it only required
a spark to ignite it, and to explode for ever the
myths, the fables, and the traditions that had
outlived their time, and had lost their hold on
the respect and judgment of the leained, and
oven on the fears and prej udices c; multi-
tude.

The Roman Empire, embracing the whole
civilized world west of the Ganges, became
Christian in name, but how could a new and a
pure religion be engrafted on the rotten stem of
expiring heathenism? The race had grown rich
and wise, and the Empire flourished, if pros-
perous trade, magnificent highways, univerial
peace and widespread education, can ^iuffice. But
there was a want that nothing could supply—
the want of virtue and of liberty. Society was
thoroughly immoral and degraded. Domestic
virtues were only to be found in the traditions
of earlier, ruder and purer ages, or in the homes
of northern barbarians. Liberty \t&3 dead, and
with it died all that can elevate and ennoble the
species. Why asks the learned Secretary of
Queen Zenobia, in his immortal work on the
Sublime, why is it that genius is now no more.
The loss of liberty he suggests as a clue to the
enigma. The answer he supplies i? no doubt
correct, for poetry the voice of the heart can only
be heard when it is borne upon the wings of
liberty. Hampered and shackled by the tram-
mels and bonds of despotism, the human miqd
became dwarfed, and a race of pygmies replaced
the literary giants that were the last and the
noblest fruits of the expiring republic.

To create a new religion, a new nation, and
even a new Dominion, you require the hope, the
energy and the generous impulses of youth. A
decrepid old couple cannot hope to raise a young
family and to see them provided for in life.
The venerable old dotard may have " wise saws
and modern instances" enough to guide him,
but life, energy, vitality, hopefulness, and the
daring enthusiasm of youth are far more needed
to enable a man to fight the battle of life with
success, or a statesman to call forth from the
dead chaos of indifference and selfishness, of
local prejudices and jealousies, the noble self-
sacrificing spirit of national life.

But for the wild aspirations of one man Italy
would still be the home of the Bourbons. Gari-
baldi, though he would make but a poor mi-
nister of Finance and a bungling drill sergeant,
possessed what was of far greater value m the

I * Stocker'i Javoaal n. p. 897.

creation of a national itj than financial skill or
preoislcn in drill ; and liia boyish enthusiasm,
foolish though it might have seamed, proved to
be a tornado tliat swept away every thing be-
fore it. He was long a dreamer, but his dream
be:amo at last infectious, and a whole nation
began to dream of liberty. A disorganized
ill-armed mob led by a wild visionary, was able
to defeat the well-trained troops of Austria and
the Bourbons, and to work out the dream of the
dreamer — a united Italy. It was this generous
onthusiusm that gave the martyr of Union, the
lamented McGeo, such power, while his .youth-
ful, hopeful tempetament attracted to him the
affections of the young meu of the Dominion.
We may have many older and wiser heads to
guide the ship of state, but where shall we find
a heart so full of love for the cause of Colonial
Union, and of bright aspirations for our future
as that which was stilled by the hand of the
assassin ! With him wo lost more than the in-
fluence of eloquence, we lost that nioti-'c power
that is swayed by the magic voice of hopeful
enthusiasm — a power mightier than the wis-
dom of the wise, or the arms of an armed
host— a power that can defy and overcome the
dangers in its w»iy, dangers which are often
only fostered by the timid tactics of temporizing
sagacity. Pious hands have erected a tablet
over the place where the Father of Oonfedera-
tioL was slain. Let ui hope and pniy that
history will not have hereafter to inscribe the
memorial — " the blood that was shed hero was
the life blood of the Dominion."

How can we better express the grief and the
admiration of his countrymen, 'lan by recalling
(the elo(£aent lament of the Historian Tacitus
.over his illustrious Father-in-law, the Roman
General Agricola, the conqueror of Britain, who
fell £ victim to the jealou.iy and the poison of a
royal assassin.

" To myself and to your daughter besides
the anguish of losing a parent, tho aggravating
affiiction remains thit it was not our lot to
watch ovprycur death-bed, to satiate ourselves
with behoWiug and embracing you. With wluu
attC'litlon should we have received your last in-
structions, and engraven them upon ourhearls I
Every thing doubtless. Oh best of parents,
was administered for your comfort and honor,
yet fewer tears were shed over your bier, and
in the last light which your eyes beheld, there
was a something still wanting. If there be any
resting place for the spirits of the good ; if, as wise
men believe, great souls are not extinguished
with the body, may you rest in peace, and may
you recall your household from womanly la-
mentations to the contemplation of your virtues
which leave us no place for mourning, or re-
pining. — Let us then rather adorn his memory
by our admiration and by our short lived praises,
and as far as nature permits us, by imitating
his example. This is truly to honour the dead.
This is the piety of every one who was near
and dear to him.

Whatever in him we have loved, whatever we
have admired,remalns and will remain to the end
of time, among the things of fame. For many of
the ancients, as though ignoble and inglorious,

oblivion has overwhelmed, while be handed
down by tradition to posterity, will live on."

If the hope, the energy, and the enthusiasm
of youth are required for the creation of a
new nation, and even of a new Dominion,
how much more were they needed fpr the
development of a new world of thought, and
for the growth of a new civilization. That
cf ancient Rome, whatever it may have been
in its inception, had become essentially South-
ern in its characteristics. A warm sun, and
a luxurious vegetation had enfeebled the man,
and developed the instincts of the brute. In-
stead of bringing forth a rich harvest o/ what
was needed for the health and happiness of men,
the soil was overrun by a rank vegetation,
amid which the vilest weeds took tho strongest
hold. Even the eflfote superstitious of Old
Egypt began to creep out of the grave, and find-
ing a congenial soil were fattiiuing on corrup-
tion and decay.

Tho tree was barren, and rotten at the heart
and no care, norkill, no cultivation could make
it a healthy stock, and tho stern fiat of the Al-
mighty weut forth, "cut it down, why com-
bcreth it the ground."

Nothing but a flood of waters could purify
the earth ; and a deluge from which there was
no ark of safety, overwhelmed the Roman Em-
pire. Tho floodgates of the North were let
loose, and nation after nation of ruthless sava-
ges swarmed over the civilized world, stern
barb'^rians sparing neither age nor sex, neither
the altar, nor the hearth. Millions perished.
Cities the abodes of wealth and luxury were left
without inhabitants, and whole provinces and
vast fertile districts were in a few years con-
verted into deserts.

The innumerable hordes that swept over
Europe suggested those lines of Milton,

" A multitude like which tlio populous nortli
Pourod never from her frozen loinn, to pans
Ilhone ou the Danaw, when lior barbarous sons
Camo ir<e b dolugr in tho South, and spread
Beneath Gibraltar to tho Lybiau Sands."*

In one campaign alone the Vandals destroyed
not kj? than three millions of Romans, and
Africa the fertile granary of the world became
a wilderness. Whut the Goths spared, the Van-
dals ravaged, and what they were unablo to
efface was swept away by the still more savage
Huns and other ruthless invaders. Never be-
fore in the history of the world was there such
a fearful scone of desolation and death. Heaven
seemed to have opened the gates of hell, and all
the element^ of destruction were let loose, to
sweep out of existence every trace of ancient
civilization. The very invaders believed that
the hand of Providence was urging them on
in their work of devastation. Well might their
savage Monarch style himself " the Scourge of
God." In every age such will be the title and
the mission of the avengers, (or to the end of
lime the North is destined to be " the Scourge
of Goil" upon the enervated and enervating
Snutb.

In that wierd old rhyme the Voluspa of the
Norsemen, a poem that must belong to the

• Tor. tost. DI. 861.

\mr

of the
to the

dftja whea the herds of the Patriarch Job were
wandering orcr the plains of Palestine, we find
a strange prophocj of the destruction aud reno-
vation of the earth, which almost looks as if the
bard foresaw and predicted the future mission
of the men of the ^fo^th, to sweep away every
restige of the dead past, and to build up a new
world of life and hope in our race.

" Surtur of the South winds
With HeothlHK tiro,
The falchion u' the Mighty One
A Runlight Htreamoth.
MuuiitalnM t()((otlicr daith ;
Giaut8 headline ruah,
Mun trcaU the paths to HpI,
And lleavuu iu ttvutu i» reut.

DImmud Ih now tho iun,
In Ocean enrtli Hiiikg,
From tlio skies arc cast
Tho H|inrkliiig!<tarK;
Tho II ro rook ragoth
Around timo's iiurse,
And nickering llamoa
With ilearen iUolf play."

But this destruction but uslicrs in a new crea-
tion, " What" aslts Gangler in the Prose Eddn,
" will remain after heaven and earth and the
whole Universe shall be consumed, and after ail
the gods and heroes of Valhalla, ar^d all man-
kind shall have perished?" "VVill any of the
gods survive, and will thiro be any longer a
heaven and an earth." There will arise out of
the sea, replies Har, anolhor Earth most lovely
and verdant, with pleasant fields where the
grain shall grow unsown. Vidar, and Valli
shall survive, and neitlier the flood nor Surlur's
fire shall liaim them."

The waters of the Deluge ut length subsided,
and a new earth arose purified and purged of
the sins o' '1 tho stains of llie past. Tho day
dawned hl ^t, but ah I iiow long and weary
was that storuiy starless nigiit that has been
well termod the Dark ages. The whole world,
a prey to the ravages of cruel and barbarous
warriors who lived and perished by the sword,
seemed to realize tiie wild vision cf the Voluspa,

An axe ago, a aword ago,
Shields oit cleft iu twain,
A Htonn agn, a wolf ago,
Ere earth shall meet its doom.

In this era of rapine and violence which the
Norse poet has so aptly depicted as a "sword age,"
" a wolf ago," there grew up a peacofr' )wer
that made itself felt among savage warrii. i, and
amid the clash of arms. It was the Oh, jtian
church that first taught the insolence of Ijrute
force that there are other influences beside
strength and courage that are entitled to res-
pect. Ecclesiastics, though serfs by birth, claimed
to stand on an equal footing with highborn
chieftains, and the altar supplied an asylum and
a refuge for the weak and the oppressed against
the power of the strong.

Amid the profound darkness that veiled the
intellectual sleep of the world, some few flick-
ering rays from the lamp of knowledge seemed
to give hopes of a revival of letters, but the light
soon died out. It was a vain attempt that was
made to lighten it from the smouldering embero
cf ancient civilization. Sun worshippers at the
commencement of the year put out the old fires,
«ud rekindle the flame with a pure fresh light

caught from *.he rays of the sun. And thus it was
with the age of which we speak. It vtt needful
that on tho eve of a new era la the history
of the world the old fires of the past should I
quenched for ever, and that kindled by tho hand
of the North, a new, and a purer light should
blaze from the altars aud the hearths of a new
civilization.

Well was it for the world, that the hand of the
spoiler knew iio mercy, and swept away for ever
every trace of a world that was dead and buried.
This conclusion was once strongly impressed
upon me, while separately investigating as a
useful course of study, the rise of our moder i
civilization, of our laws, of civil and political li-
berty, of literature and of science. In every case
I found the same strange cliain of circumstances-
and the same results; that whenever the Nor-
thern races that peopled Europe after the fall
of the Roman Empire, endeavoured to reverse
the hand of fate, and to revive what was buried
with a dead world, the effort signally failed. An
atmosphere of the grave clung to the venerable
relics of anciont learning and institutions when-
ever they wore brought to the light of day, and
seemed tc poison the living by the breath of
corruption.

The attempt to reviv. the poetry of Anciont
Rome was occasionally made, but it nearly in-
vaiiably resulted in feeble imitations, which
were rarely of greater merit or longevity than
the laboured iambics and hexameters of a school
boy. But when in the words of an ekquent
German writer "the universal awakening of a
new life and a youth of feeling in the age of
the crusades manifested itself in the sudden and
magical unfolding of that poesy wliicb received
among the Provencials the name of la Gaye
Science, which diffusing itself over tlie intellec-
tual nations of Europe gave birth to a rich and
vigorous literature of chivrlrous poetry and
love songs ;" when tho Trouvores and Trouba-
dours told and sung of th . -i of the living
ill a living languag", when Tasso, Dante and
Petrarch in Italy, Gower and Chaucer in Bri-
tain wedded the words of tlie people to immor
tal verse, then a new age of intellectual acf.-
vity arose, and poetry, after its strange lung
silence of centuries, resumed its functions as the
voice of the heart, and carolled over the joys
or lamented the woes of humanity. Thus tho
Niebolungen Lied, the first fruits of German
poesy, tells us it vvill sing,

'Of mirth and high fostivities
Of weeping and or woe."

The history of the revival of anciont learning
leads us to the very same conclusion. The disco-
very of tlie works of Aristotle, for a kiowledge
of which we are mainly indebted to Arabiaif
scholars, was a godsend to a few foolish liter-
ati, who rivalled the empty disputations of tho
old schools of philosophy, wasting their time
on empty abstractions that meant nothing and
ended in nothing. But in the meantime tha
labours of the hopeful alchemist endeavouking
to unravel the hidden secrets of nature, paved
the way for e.tperimental philosophy, and laid
the foundation of modern chemistry, while th*
Baconian philosophy, the philotophy of/uct», th*

sjBtem of careful inductioa from well ascertaiti-
cd and certain data, threw open a new world
and a new career to science, which having for
long ages been striving to stand on tbo quaking
and treacherous quagmires of abstractions,
and theories, for the firBt time found solid
ground in which it could rear the grand and
erur inc^asing structure which is at once the
monument and the fruit of its labours, aud was
ab' > tj attain those brilliant triumphu iti every
brauch of knowledge which distinguish modern
civilization from that which it succeeded. We
dropped the mystical and sougbv, Tor truth, we
discarded the empty Cummery of ancient meta-
physics, and made th<^ practical our aim and
our end.

Why, it may well be asked, do we in our col-
leges and schools still strive to reverse the hand
of late, and to ignore the lessons of history ?
Why do we mould the minds of the young by
the words and the thoughts of an age that, thank
God, ' jiU passed away, and why do we even
teach them tc speak their Northern tongue by
the aid of what are well known as " t!ao dead
languages." You might as well bring up a
child m a burial vault, among the ashes of those,
who though once great in their day, are but
senseless dust or coriaption, and expect him
to grow up 9, great as well as a healthy man,
as believe that we can bn^atho the atmospnere
of that polished brilUant slavish degraded past,
which it was the mission of our ancestors to
sweep out of existence with the besom of des-
truction.

The pine woods of the north are gloomy
reireats, and there are but few bright flowers tc
deck the sward beneath them, but the smell of
the sombre greeu woods, and the breath of the
ccol wind that murmurs through their branches,
bring health to the cheek and brightness to the
eye. Fairer far are the savannahs of the sunny
booth, the fragrant oleander, the jessamine
and myrtle, a thousand bright flowexs that
almost overpower us with their delicious per-
fumes, make us long to live whore every thing
is so lovely and so sweet, but there is death in
that sweetness, and the night air poisons the
sleeper with the creath of those bright hued
flowers, and the vi^'our of manhood is lost in
that dreamland,

" Wh&rtt all, savF the spirit of man, is divine."
The poetry of ancient Greece and Rome we
may wel! vidmire and reverence, but give r^e
the rader strains of our Northern bards. T oy
breathe forth a hepHhy vigour and a quenchless
spirit of freedom, and there is a aniifi' of the
north wind about them that is worth more than
all the fragrant odors of all the flowers of
ancient poesy. I speak with no vulgar preju-
dice agaiuRt the classics, for excepting some
college professors there are few persons in the
Dominion who have deTOtd more time than
myself to ancient literature, and I never recall
he years and the energy I have wasted on it
wRhoat a feeling of humiliation and regret.

Let the dead bury theii dead This is a living
age. We must think th? thoughts, and speak
the words of tiie living, act of tiie dead.

Oa investigating the history of our laws and
of the rise of civil and political liberty in Eu-

rope, I found that the same singular result
followed from all attempts to revive what Pro-
vidence seemed to have consigned to the grave.
Almost all the Northern nations had similar
systems of regelating the rights of proporty and
the remedies for wrongs. Their laws, were tra-
ditions called by them their citstoms, an un-
written code which still exists in England where
it is known aj the Common Law. Their customs
were long preserved by the Lomb"/d8 in Ttaly,by
the Goths in Spain as well as by the more North-
ern nations of Europe, and it is a remarkable
fact that wherever these unwritf^n laws have
been preserved, civil and political liberty has
survived. Bui the discovery in the twelfth
century of the Paudects of the Emperor Justi-
nian, led to a great change. It was an admi-
rable code far surpassing in most respects the
ruder customs of our northern ancestors, but
it was t.he handiwork of despotism, and was the
grave cloths of a world that had long since
gone to its rest.

The Southern nation.<) of Europe abandoned
their customs, and adopted the civil and the
canon law, and in every instance where this has
taken place it has been fatal to political liber-
ty, for only those have retained their ancient
rights that have refused to adopt the lawa of
ancient Rome. All praise then to the noble
barons who in the days of the Plantaganets,
when urged to give up that tjystem that was
inherited fiom their ancestors, indignantly re-
plied " we will not change the laws of Eng-
land," Leges Anglia mutare nolumus.

Such then was the mission of the men of the
North. They were the apostles of a new. of a
Northern, of a Christian civi'^ration. How
nobly they have done their duty, in the proud
position in which they have been placed, time
would fail ine to tell. Every land is the wit-
ness of their achievements, and every slave has
heard of the champions of freedom, of the land
of the North where all men are free.

I must now bring this lecture to a close, I
cannot attempt even to sketch the history of
Northern nations and must content myself with
I merely indicating the pla' , in history which
' they may cldm. The quebcljn, however, very
I naturally suggests itself are all the men of the
I North, Teatocs, Celts, Scandmavian, Ugrians,
alike brave and rigorous races? Do a'l the
children of the North inherit health end energy
from the land of their birth, or has not the
North been favoured by fate by huving be«n
the home of dominant races, that have .made
her name famous ia history ? In reply to this
we must remember, that Northern nations are
uprung from two p-)rfectly distinct families, if
language is our guide, the one speaking the
Arian ur Indo-European, and the other, the
Turanian langucge. Yet both have proved
themselves at , various periods to be " the
scourge of Qod" .pen the Sunny South. The
Turanian or Tarur race, such as the Turks, the
Tartars, and the Hungarians, have left Uieir
marks behind them, but their arena was con-
fined mainly to Asia, although both th« Fun-
garians and the Tnrks at diflferent periods vcry
nearly succeeded in overrunning the whole of
niurope, and in becoming the great dominant

Urtly.by

but

energy
not the
ig been
.made

to this

B oon-
Fun-
J Very
lole of
linant

race of the age. The Hungarians are still a
bold dashing r^ce, fond of war, and of liberty,
bat the Arian or Indo-European family of na-
tions were the best known to history. Sneaking
languages which are younger sisters of tho ven-
erable Sanscrit of India, they embraced the
Teutonic or German tribes, the Goths and Van-
dals and most of the Northern invaders of
Europe, the Scandinavians, cr Northmen, the
Scalvonic race which founded the Russian Em-
pire, and the Celts.

The latter were the first invaders of Europe,
driving out before them a Ugrian or Turanian
rafo, and have left their names on the rivers
and mountains of Europe, as the Indian tongue
still lives and will for ever survive in the
names cf the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Missouri,
the Ottawa, and the AUeghanies. More polished
than their successors, they were not less brave.
Their armies under Brennus (for Brennan
means in Celtic, a King) burned ancient Rome,
and another Brennus conquered Greece and
destroyed the temple of Apollo at Delphi, and
but for the military geuius of Marius, Rome
would have a second time fallen before the
Celtic Cymbri, who deserting their home at
Schleswig Hohtein, iavadod Italy where they
were exteiminated.

The mosi interesting among these Northern
rac^s were the Scandinavians or Norseman.

Believing that the warrior that fell in battle
would sha'e the delights of Valhalla, they
laughed at death, it being a proud epitaph over
a warrior, that " he foil, he laughed, he died."
The hours of my life said King Uagnar "have
passed avray, and I shall die laughing." The
same royal poet had tung of the pleasures of
battle. " We fought with swords in the North-
urabrian lanti. A furious storm descended on
the shields, and many a lifeless body fell to
the earth. The pleasures of that day were like
kissing a young widow at the highest seat of the
table." The force of this simile I regret is
somewhat lost upon me, for although acting on
the prudent maxim ''never khs and tell," I will
not venture to say that I ever kissed a young
widow, yet I must confess I never kissed a young
widow at the dinner table. If any of the gent-
lemen here present have been more favoured or
more fortunate than myself, they will bo able to
know and to tell U3 how happy our ancestors
felt when they went forth to battle.

These men of the north were known as Norse-
men, Northman, or Normans, and one of the
districts from which they came gloried In the
grand old name of Norland the land of tlie
North. Their Vik'ngs and Sea kings, sallying
forth in their frail vessels, made the North once
more a terror to ihe world. They overran
Prance, and their sea king Rollo became the
Duke of Normandy. The gallant Moors of
Spain found more than their match in warriors,
whom they regarded with horror as magicians.
They conquered Sicily, they left traces of tli ir
prowess at Antioch, at Jerusalem, aud they
propped up the tottering throne of Byzautium
with their swords. William the Conqueror, the
Duke of Normandy, and tho descendant of Rollo
the Northern sea king, won the throne of Eng-
land for himself and hia heirs. Rollo claimed

to be descended from the Gods of the North,
and though a Finnish king, from Forntjotr
the old Frost Giant, the father of tluj wind and
of the Ocean ; and it is as tho heir of the sea king
Rollo, that Her Gracious Majesty, the Roy;' '
descendant of the Old Frost, Giant, now rul d
over a Nonhern riico cud sways tho sceptre of
sea.

Tho haroy Norseman's house ofyoro

Was by tho foaming wave I
And thoro he gatlior'il bright renown,

Tho bravest of tho brave. *

Oh, jip'or fhonld we forgot our sires,

Wherever wo may bo ;
Thoy bravely won a gpllant name,

And rulotl the stormy sua.

Too narrow was thoir native land

For lioarts so bold and free;
From bay and crcoK thoy Hailed I'orth,

And oonquor'd Normandy.
Tlum let their glory oft bo sui.g,

In thrilling harmony;
And let it ayo bo bomb in mind,

They ruled tho stormy sea.

A thousand years aro nearlv past,

Since erst a Norman band
At Hasting's fought, and wou the crown

Of Saxon Engle-tand.
The eceptro of tho maiu thoy left

To thoir posterity.
Who, mindful of their ancient fame,

Hrve ruled the ^tomry sea.

The Norman and the Saxon foe

Aro long since dead and gone;
Their language and thoir races both

Aro blended into ono ;
And we, thoir children, still maintain

Their old supremacy ;
Wherever vessel spreads a sail

We rule tho stormy sea.

Here in the New World, wo, who aro sprung
from these rjen of the North, are about to form
a New Dominion la this Northern land, a
worthy home for tbe old Frost Giant, and a
proud domain for his royal descendant. We
have here strangely united together all the ori-
ginal elements of the British race. We have tho
Celt, with his traditions of " good king Arthur,"
from whom, tbrougb her ancient British ances-
tors, Her Gracious Majesty may claim descent ;
we have the Say.on or Teutonic element, and
in Quebec we have a race that have come from
Normandy and Brittany, the one the land of tho
Northmen or Normans, and the other inhabit-
ed by a Celtic race, cherishing,' the ancient Bri-
tish traditions of King Arthur and his twelve
companions.

The Norman French of Quebac may well feel
proud when they remember that they can claim
what no other portion of the Empire can assert,
that they are governed by a monarch of their
own race, who holds her sceptre as the heir of
Rollo, the Norman sea-king who first led their
ancestors forth from the forests of the North to
the plains of Normandy.

We have called the Dominion by the name of
Canada. There is much in a name for a man
or a nationality. I like Indian uames for towns
and for provinces, and th3re is something melo-
diom and pleasing in the name of Canada,
which favourably contrasts witli tho wretched
dog-latin ; tmeof Nova Scotia. Newfoundland,
New Brunswick, Prince Edward's Island, can
anything ba more unhappy ? For a province I
freely admit that Indian names are preferable,

but should we ever become a nation, we noed R
name that will liave some historical.traditlona, or
at least some meaning and significance. What
does Canada mean ? Is it Indian 7 The Huron
and the Mohawk stare at you when you ask
them to explain it, and even the Micmac declines
the honour of its acquaintance, and tells you
he never heard tell of such an Indian. We
have been driven to Portuguese or Spanish, I
forget which, and to the doubtful tradition that
the early discoverers looking foe gold were told
there was Canada, " no gold here, " or " nothing
here." Canada then either does not signify any-
thing, or it mesina the land of nothing. What a
glorious national cognomen to select I What a
destiny — to be a nation of nobodies living in
the land of nothing 1

I am reminded of a story of a humurous
friend of mine, a son of the late Judge Archi-
bald, wLo has inherited his father's humoui- and
wit. Whenever he comes to Halifax, he is beset
by an old servant who is always on the look out
for a half-crown. On one occasion he came up
as usual, " Oh ! Master Peter, I am so glad to
see you, you're always the same, always the
same." " Yes," replied Master Peter,who happens
to be on the shady side of fifty, but is still Master
Peter, " yes " he answered slapping his empty
pocket," I'm always the same, John, yov.U find
no change about me." What our -witty friend
asserted of himself in jest, history will suppose
that we have seriously claimed for our.^elves au
our national characteristic, that ours id " the
land that knows no change." Why should we
puzzle history by giving ourselves a name of
which it can make nothing ? Ex nihilo nihil fit.
We are no nameless race of savages, who have no
past vrhich we can recall with pride,and no future
which we can work out for ourselves and our
children. We are the sons and the heirs of
those who have built up a new civilization, and
though we have emigrated to tiie Western
world, wo have not left our native land behind,
for we are still in the North, in the home of the
Old Frost Gian*, aad the cold north wind that
rocked the cradle of our race, still blows-
through our forests, and breathes the spirit of
liberty into our hearts, and lends strength and
vigor to our limbs.

As long as the north wind blows, and the
snow and the sleet drive over our forests and
fields, we may be a poor, but we must be a
hardy, a healthy, a virtuous, a daring, and if
we are worthyof our ancestors, a dominant race.

Let us then, should we ever become a nation,
iiever forget the land that we live in, and the
' race from which we have sprung. Let us revive
the grand old name of Norland, " the Land of
the North ; " We are the Northmen of the New
, World. We must claim the name and render
ourselves worthy of it.

Wherever we may go, we shall find it " famil-
iar as a household word " and the flag of the
northmen once more flying upon the ocean, will
be a living memorial of a glor'ous past, and the
herald of a noble future.

I once stood amid a crowd of tourists in a
ruined abbyy on the Tweed. Th'> very dead
seemed to be dying a second deavu, for the mo-
numents on which their names still lingered,

and which told of them as the former owners of
the surrounding country, and of the burial aisle,
were crumbling away, or being hidden by the
luxuriant ivy, and the garrulous old guide told
us quaint legends of those whose tombs wo
saw, and lamented over the " good lairds of
Westoun, " whose lands had passed into other
families, and whose name had become extmct.
" No, " we replied, knowing that one of our
party bore the name and was descended from
the race whose last resting place we were explor-
ing, " no, they an not all dead and gone — for
here is one of the old stock who has come from
America to shew you that though they may
have died out in the Old World, there are still
some of them left across the ocean who will
preserve and perpetuate the name of the " good
lairds of Westoun." The effect was magical.
The old guide instantly deserted us to inform
the villagers that one of" the old residenters"
was still in existence, and had returned to the
old homestead, and in a few minutes we were
amused by watching a rustic cr jwd, that had
collected around our friead, giiziing upon him
with open-mouthed delight. As they insisted
on his remaining there a few days, we left him
behind us, not among strangers, but among
these who beheld in him all the local traditions
and memories of " the good lairds of Westoun,"
embodied and revived. And thus will it be
with ourselves. History the guide to the past,
tells the nations of the daring deeds of the
Northmen ; hovr they made every land the
witness )f tksir chivalry and valour, leaving
their trophies in Europe, Asia and Africa ; how
long ages before the days of Columbus, they
disco-^ered the Naw World, and how centuries
before Jacques Oartier was born, they coasted
along the shores of the New Dominion at least
as far south as Gape Sable, and thus by right
of discovery made it their own. And it laments
that the Northmen have ceased to be a people,
and have been merged and lost in the Danes,
the Swedes, ana the British race, that the name
of ^(Jflan3 is forgotten, and that Normandy has
'become a mere province of France. But when
it is whispered that in the New World, men of
the North, sprung from the old stock, whose
fleets are whitening every ocean, and who claim
to be the third maritime power in the world,
have assumed once rore that old familiar
name ; when it is known that the ships of the
Northmen are once more to be seen in every sea,
and in every port, history will rejoice at seeing
the past revived, and the world will give them
a friendly greeting as they once more take their
place in the family of nations.

This is no mere visionary dream of my own,
for the thought has already found an echo in
the poetry of the Dominion :

Over the waters goundine right lustily,
JJonie on a breezo from the Nortlieru Soa,
Down from tlio &om and the wick* of Norland
Whore the tjtorm King roigus, miglity munaroli is bo;
Wlioro RuipH are stranding,
And tompostA are baudiiig
Tog'rthor, to worlc Ills wild bobost;
From tho iStorm'H habitation
Comes the song of a nation
To US sons of Old Norland out here In tho Waat! *

* Poems by W. T. Urquhart.

leaving

at least

I must now conclude, but Jefore doing so, I
must not be guilty of a want of that courtesy
to the fair sex which has ever been the pecu-
liar characteristic of the North. We have heard
much to-night of the men of the North, but we
have forgotten those who were not less impor-
tant in moulding the character of our race —
the women of the North. Time will now fail
me to remedy the omission, yet justice and
courtesy alike require us to pay them the
tribute of a moment's remembrance. Nothing
surprised the Romans more in the character of
Northern nations, than the respect paid by
them to women. The Roman historian while,
extolling the dcnestic virtues of our ancestors
was indirectly holding up to contempt the
degraded state of society among his country-
men. Nothing, he tells us, was more to be
admired in th»'manners of the North than the
inviolability of marriage. " No one among
them " he says, " makes a jest of vice, for it is
not with them as with us an age of corrupting
and corruption." The presents to the bride
were not a rich trousseau, but cattle, a shield,
a helmet, and a sword, as emblems to remind
her that she must bo willing to share not only
the toils of peace, but also the dangers of war,
and that she should be prepared alike to live
and to die with her husband. Sic viveridum, sic
pereundum. Nor was this only a matter of
forifl. To the ooward, death was a penalty
which he had to meet at the hands of the wo-
men, if he dared not fall facing the foe. The
Romans were amazed when they routed the
Cymbri, at seeing the Celtic mothers in there
fury slaying husbands, brothers, and foes alike,
and perishing with their children by their own
hands. The respect which Northern women
thus merited and received, developed in time
into he romantic feeling of chivalry, and it
still lingers in that deference which is paid in
modern society to the sex, and which so
strongly contrasts with the low estimate in
which they werii held in the days of ancient
Greece and Rome.

I am sick of hearing our poets forever harp-
ing upon the sunny South as " the land of love
and song." The land of love 1 It may be the
parent of wild passion, " the fiek'y, the tickle
South,"

" Where the rage of the vulture, the love of the

turtle,
" Now molt into sorrow, now madden to crime,"

but domestic love and affection find, only a con-
genial home in the North. Why should we call
the Soulh " the land of song 7" The tuneful
wafblers of the grove are all .n&tives of the
North, and annually return to their home to
make it the land of love and song, and to rear
up a hardy erd healthy brood. The bright
winged birds of the South have no song, and
even the annual emigrants from the North, lose
the gift of melody when they leave their own
shores. Though the forests of the South are
strangely silent, we must not forget the little
snow-white campanola, so called from its note
resembling the ring of a bell, which perched far
up aloft on the top of the highest teak tree,
looks as if some good spirit of the North,
in the form of a snow flake, had wandered

away with the emigrants. It may ring its
chime. But it rings in vain. The anthem of
the woods is silent. The exiles are mute, for like
captive Judah, " how can they sing the Lord's
song in a strange land ?" They are true sons
of the North. We may wander off to the plains
of India, to the mines of Australia or Nevada,
or to '.he plantations of the Mississippi. We may
forget and even turn our arms against the land
of our birth, but the tuneful emigrant will never
.♦"orget her. As sure as the streams begin to flow
and the flowers to bloom, he will, if he is living,
be here to greet them ; and should he be crippled
by accident, or maiired by some bird of prey,
and unable to accompany his companions in
their homeward journey, he will pine for the land
of his birth, like the crippled pauper who from
the deserted pier eagerly watches the crowded
home bound packet ship till H pai^ses out of
sight on its way to his native land, and the tears
steal into his eyes as he turns away with the
vain wish in his breast that heaven would but
give him wealth enough to carry him across the
ocean, or that he had the wings of a dove, " for
then ho would fly to his home and be at rest." —
No I depend upon it, even if c ^r little friend is
unable vo return to us, and is a prisoner in the
South, his heart will still be with us, and he
will flutter along the sea shore, and gaze wist-
fully over the ocean, as his companions become
a speck in the northern sky, and vanish in
the distance.

But if all goes right he will be here next spring,
and we shall hear him singing his song in praise
of the land of the North, of "the land of love
and sonpf. ' It may be the robin carolling from
the top of the tallest i-pruce tree, or the linnet,
as half tipsy with delight, it sways to and fro
on some bending spray, pouring forth its gush-
ing notes of joy,

As, however, our little friend is thousands of
miles away from us, I may venture to give you
the burthen of the song. I am only his interpret-
er, and all translations, as you know, lack the
freedom and sweetness of the original.

TUE NORTH—" THE LAHD OF LOVK AND 80M0.''

" Oh tell honswallow, for thou knowest each,
That bright and fierce, and flcklo is the South,
But dark, and true and tender is the North."

—I'lus Priiuscis.

Leaves were flying,
Falling and sighing,
Fading and dying,
Under the mapio trees ;
Under the troo8 I heard,
Was it the leaves that stirred?
Voice of a fay or bird.
Saying to mo.
Singing this pitiful song to me,
Away! away!
Away,
We must not stay ;
Away
Across the sea !
And every note
My heart it smote.
Till I wept at the wail of the little bfrdio,
For I know 'twas the spirit of song I heard
That saug to mo thus with the voice of a bird,

Farewell to the North, tho stern cold North,

Tho homo of tho bravo and tho strong,
To tho true, tho trusting, tender North,
Dear laud of lovo and aoug !
Hark ! winter drear
It oumos a near.
We dare not linger long.

There's a path in tlio air, man may not know,

Tliat Kuid(>a us o'er tho main ;
And a voico in tho winds, man may not hear,

Will call us homo a^aiu,

When tho winter dies,

Apd tho west wind sighs
To hoar the linnut's strain.

In the South, the fierce tho flcklo South :

No voice of 8ong is heard ;
Though the oriole, like a sunbeam flits

With many a radiant bird

Tlirough the mangrove's shade.

No leafy glade
Uy tuuetul notes is stirred.

Hark! Through tho sleeping forest rings

The cam])anola'8 cliime.
It calls in vain ibr the matin hymn
That wakes the Northern clime ;
How can we sing
Home songs of spring,
Or the notes of summer time?

We silent seek tho lonely homos

Of a long-torgotton race ;
Through voiceless streets our wings are heard,
And many a stream we trace
From its unknown source.
In its downward course.
Till it dimples the ocean's face.

At length tho weary wanderers

ei whispering murmur hear.
Like the pent up moan of a mother's heart,
Or the sigh of a sister dear.
'Tis a voico from home ;
Glad spring has come !
'Tis the si^h of tho North wo hoar.

Homeward over the salt sea waves,

We rest mid sunny isles,
Where the earth and the sky are over bright,
And the ocean over smiles ;
Itut the North whispers " come
To your home, sweet homo!"
And we tly from the sunny isles.

Wo rest on the spars of the stately barque.

And songs of tho Nortli wo sing.
Till the mariners weep in their dreams with joy.
As they hear tho voice of spdng,
And the llruets strain
Steals o'er tho main.
And the song which they hear us sing ;

Wo hbvo coma to tho North, the stern cold North,.

Tho homo of tho brave and strong,
To the true, the trusting, tender North,

Dear land of love and song.

Under the oak troci< lying.
Budding leaves I see.
Winter is dead.
■ Tassels of red
Burst from the maple tree ;
And tho robins and linnets are echoing back
The song of the little birdie,
' Wo have come.
We have come
To tho land of our home
From far across the eoa ;
Wo have como.
Wo have como,'
And the woods whisper ' como,'
And my heart it savs ' como ' to the little birdie,
For I knew 'twas the spirit of song I lioard.
That sang to me thus with tlic voice of a bird.

or bright,
me

JS.

arquc,

ns with joy,

U8 sing;

n cold North,

)ng.
th,

ig back