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Las diegrammas suivants iliustrent le m*thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 w dM Arms of the Grand Lodge of Canada. (■ istorp of Jfreemastinrp itt Canaba ftom ttjEi SjntroDuction in 1740 COMPILED AND WRITTEN FROM OFFICIAL RECORDS AND FROM MSS COVERING THE PERIOD 1749-1858, IN THE POSSESSION OF THE AUTHOR % i^oss laobrrtfiion Pasi Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada Author of ''A History of the Cryptic Rite" "History of the Knights 'Templars in Canada' and ''Talks with Craftsmen" Bolumc one TORONTO ciaicotgc i^. imorang ^ Company, iiimiteo 1900 Prop, r^^^f^eubra ^rsiXy of ^aterl ry 00 n^-W- h ..an. ; -, J.>,*UJjfi!(, . ,..■-,.' ^%", .^"^ Entered according,. ,o the Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand ei^ht hundred and ninety-nine, bv J. Ross Robert- SON, in tlie oiTice of the Minister of Agriculture. TO i I the year ROBKRT- MY BRETHREN OF THE CRAFT IN CANADA, THIS WORK IS FRATERNALLY DEDICATED. M p\ 'i 1 The Edition of this Work consists of Two Thousand Sets. The Number of this Set is / INTRODUCTION. to d Jribe thVchieTl! T , "" '^" '"'""•" »' "■' »"'")«'. or ht ht "J-"" """''' ■■""' '"^'"'="'<' <" vanquUhed o^hU bS fo™« .. .T'"'" '° ""•"«' »"'' '""'"^d efforts until relUbleTn? forraatton had been obtained. In these Volumes will be found burner ous ,„d,cat^„s of Brother Robertson's remarkable <«scoveries "ran" livraWP M r '■ I^a 1- '",""" "' *' "*• ^ Bro. Simon McGil- rt. .•? V?''" ,'-'"°da). who was present as actine S G W at kin' at S»kVr h w ^f '"^O". =»Wng me to visit Admira Daw- triumphs. ^ *^^ '''^''•^'* '"t^^«t in my friend's the fl'lfp'IgTs^^^^^^ T" ^^ ^--^"»y noted in A.D. 1764 the alLnr. r' A ""'?"* °^ *^' ^^^^^ ^t Detroit of of i76i!aid the rfre Gr«nH f^*' °^*'^ "^^'^^* L°^^«'" Q"«bec, the ce,;brated%rwk' atf'^??^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^-d to known as the "Three ProJ » ^T^'" ^'^*"*- This document is b, the Senior G^'ud X"of EnThnd^'Tf ''"'"'• '°™ '^'"•"^'' extraordinary of all, howevf ° .fff „ "t oHh """' """T"' ""^ n, nna.ng of the warrant of appoint- '-r-^yiK iiii_ iMlM«n«pm^iMM|^ VIII INTRODUCTION, A noteworthy feature of this preat work is it, in»*.r*.»s« u Information is also aflForded as tn tu» r- it. and Scotland, based upon the ll,t T ' ^^'''^^'' "^ ^'•«'«"^' a..a,i.nner..^^^^^^^^ work^as -ini;\r';Htte~^^^^^ ^^ ^'^^ ^'e most complete, rehable and intereL', Sv ^/t rranTTH'' ever published, and with snch a wmIH, T7-. ly'""^' Lodgd invahiable fac-sin,iles of Vn f • ''^*^'''' '""^trations and embarrassing btt vahn ITuT •'""""'*^' '' ^° ''^ ^•'"-* I cordiallv be my ::! t'^^^ son's able and concise diees orth. , T"''"""^' °^ ^'°- ^"^'^''t- feel assured it will be much ' !'[•' '"''°'"y °^ *''^ ^'"^^t- «nd consult the first VoL" for '^ "^: ^- ''■'^'^'■^" '" ^^"^^^^ ^^o of their own 4nd Lole and ,' '"^7"'^^-" '->-d the confines Of tl^widespread^^^-^:: ^^^ ^he several Provinces is co^^tt^JXT:^^^^^^^^^^ - ^^^ -'^ole ground Chapters arranged tiatnotwir!^^-"^"'." -'"^ ^^'P^"">- ^'"^ *he elaborate character the svstem^ r ""^ ''^'•'" ^^'^P'^^hensive and and periods, tog h^ ^.^ fhT ^"^^^^*'^^ -'^^-- desired for fa Jlity of efe encITh o "f' "'^^ "°*''"^ *° ^^'^ study. There is not another such T-^ - '''"'"'' "^ ^'"''■'' all the Geographical or Te^^^^^^^^^^^^^ *^"* .^° '=°"*='«<^>y «^P'ains America in relation to the o Lin ''^''''T'''' °^ ^"^'^^ North from a "umismatical IndpS h "thirrh 1 ''' ^r™'^^' ^"^ utility: all the mysteries of Pn^n :^^^''^ ^^^P^^' '« oi considerable #nd explained by'a mTs L? hand H T"l' '""^ *='^^^'>' ^«-"bed from a Masonic poi^ of vLwthf"^ '"' "'^'^ '''^" ^^^'^ ^'•«^*^^e devoted to the enquiry. It cannot f!?/"^ '''"' ''"" ^"' ^" '''^' »""« younger members of the FraternitJ ? ''.'"T '"°'' ''^'Pf"' »" the ties in the line of original reseah ,-1 l"" '''''■ ^°'--^-"'« ^acili- Masonic Library. Jn^ som esTects he hi .' '°""^"" ""^ ^" -"'^'^^ .ful than son.e of us resident .n F^iIkI ' " ""'''' ""''*= '^"^'^««»- 'ntenor and exterior of the old Mf^.' T. T"''' *''«= P"«tes of the f e cuts Of the lately demolLhe^T '" '." '''^'"^"'^" ^^ «"d ^°"^-;;;*h^the descriptive /etrpre^^^^^ " ''"'"■"" '^'^""•" tioallyldngt"^^^ ^^^" ^^-j^ '" that country is prac covenes regarding the existence oi the i Wl r^ ^'■'^''^' ^'^ 'l'^- tury, and the Grand Lod« f^hiu ^^'^"^''^'■hood in the 17th Cen- \o the start of the orgfnilTfof ar^D H ""^' '''' '"^^'^ ^^^ P-r known), being of special impo";^^^ '739-30. than hitherto pnses which have been svnZuT ? T ^"'"""^ ^''« '«t^«t sui investigator. '''""^ "P°" "« ^y that scholarly and diligent in Prfnt. b^e^ra^efrrenc^fo ' P ^"^^' ^''' ^^^^ •>-^ to .743 hall. L-eland.1n wSevi L ,v 7?'^^ 1^" "'^ ^^^^^ ^^ Yo^g-' the earliest intimation, typo" aphl4v J"'" '°°' P^*-*" ^'^ *« world, but practically i goes Totrtt/h T^^ ''' ''^''^ '" ^he 'ars to be found in Dr. Da i"nv s ? '^" "'' ^'^^"' P^"'^"' author stating that the Deg e^ was T7 "* ^'^'-' '''' '744, that Vork some years before ^ ^'' ^°'''^'^ '" London. Dublin and "^^^^^'::^^^Ur::Z "Z^'- -^'^- '"^■'"- have been at Stirling (Scotland) claims to hie k ? ""''''''^'- '^'' ^'^ Lodge from ,743 or earlier and to n^ mh d f". "k" ""' ^'" "'•^-^^ as bein, or having bee^^heZs" t^^ ^!f t"'^'" ''' '^^^•^•°" relative to the Royal Arch, in Great Rrl *^',°,'^^^^ ^'^^"al Records So far as is known a present M '"'' ^'■'''"'' "«• ^'^^^here. Of the Three Degreer of he CrTf ' f '"'"^^'"^"^ ^"^ "o^owledge England, started In ,717 but s^,ffl 'i'"' '° ^'^^ ^'■^"^J Lodge of to establish the prec^^'o!:^T^l;'tJrir '^" '''''''^''^' was probably British or Irifh but n,o«. ,^ f t^'''""'^' ^^^^ ^^at it The Lodges under !u * ^'^^^y English. at a disadvantage in oetpeT'" ''""' "^"'^^^ "^ ^"^^'-^^' -- or "Atholl MasLs." bluTe^h . 'w'"''"' "'^'' '''' "Ancients" -g of the Royal Arch as those othTlTr'V'' "°^ ^"^'^^ ^^^ ^'-'^- tnose of the latter, hence from (say) 1740 to •w^ I'ws t iiy M X INTRODUCTION. 1767, there was no governing Body to empower the " Moderns " ( \s they were called) to hold meetings for the conferring of that cere- mony. However, the brethren acted on what may be termed their "time immemorial" rights (as they did in forming Lodges before the Grand Lodge era), and assembled as Royal Arch Masons, having the Craft Warrant in the room to give the gathering an air of regu- larity, or wfthout such fictitious and needless authority. In 176; .ie " Moderns " Grand Chapter was organized in Lon- don to control the Degree, separate warrants, and distinct enumera- tion from the Lodges being features of the new arrangement, until the Union of the twc rival Grand Chapters in 181 7 from which time these chapters (remaining under England) have had to be piaced under the protecting wings of Lodges, and take their numbers on the Register. The only Chapter formed under such auspices, 1 767-1 81 7 'n Canada was the Unity No. 19, Quebec, nth February, 1780. In considering the origin of Chapters, in what may appear an . nal or irregular manner, during the period in question, one .id carefully guard against applying Constitutional tests of the present time to any such cases, for under the then existing circum- stances, Royal Arch Companions were perfectly justified in assembling in Chapters of their own creation, as well as in conferring the cere- mony on regular Master Masons, of any Jurisdiction, who were resi- dents in the neighbourhoods affected, whatever may be said to the contrary. Another point must also be considered, as it intimately concerns the early transactions of several Lodges in Canada, as well as else- where. I refer to instances of brethren who petitioned for the right to hold Lodges and obtained Warrants, issued and signed by Provin- cial Grand Masters, and duly paid the fees for the same, but the local authorities either long delayed the remittances to head quarters in Lon- don (England) or used the monies for their own purposes, and made no returns whatever. In all such cases I have no hesitation in declar- ing, that on proof of the payments having been duly made on behalf of these Lodges, their precedence should be reckoned from the dates of Constitution or Warrants, whether the fees were unlawfully retained for years, or were never paid by the Provincial Grand Masters or other responsible agents, to the Grand Lodge to whom the sums belonged. These Brethren were the appointed representatives of such Bodies and their receipts were a sufficient discharge, being practically the same as if the Charters were granted by the Grand Masters and the fees paid direct accordingly. It will not do for me, however, to enter upon a consideration of the topics so graphically treated herein, for any such remarks would be beyond the scope of this brief Introduction. I should like, how- INTKOUUCTION. XI ever, to most heartily acknowledge my indebtedness to Bro J Ross Robertson for this magnificent Work (as representing the Students in the Old Country), the result of enormous labour and expense on his part, and a monument to his untiring industry, persistent re- searches, self sacrifice and a never failing enthusiasm, which has placed in the hands of the Craft Universal, and especially his own Urand Lodge, the finest Volumes of the kind ever published in con- nection with the History of the Masonic Fraternity. One great advantage in treating the History in Sections is the number of Chapters that have been devoted to the origin and career of Lodges, which are, or have been, on the Register. These are really a series of Histories of Lodges, each being complete and ex- haustive, thus adding immensely to the interest and value of the Work and making the Volumes as necessary to the individual Lodges as to Masonic Students, or the Libraries of Grand Lodges or other important and more or less public Societies. I cannot conclude these remarks without once more expressing my admiration of Brother Robertson's magnificent services on behalf of his Grand Lodge. Though he has given me a free hand to criticize his great Work to any extent, and to point out any defects, I have nothing but praise to offer, and heartfelt gratitude to tender, for his amazmg energy and unwearying efforts, in preparing and publishing such a noble contribution to the Literature of the " Fraternity of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons." Torquay. England. "^^^ ^^^^^ HUGHAN. January 2nd, 1899. "" !■ i i mM ' n^'«M ' - * ii > ,rM CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Contents-Collecting Craft records and the difficulty of tracing earir^"' organizatlons-The Plan of the Work and the Periods of Masonry dealt with 17 CHAPTER II. The First Perlod-A Sketch of British North America with Its territorial divisions. 1763-1897. and the political divisions of Upper Canada irom 1701 20 CHAPTER III. Early Colonial Currency-The Coins and Paper Money used for Craft purposes from 1760-1897-The cost of Warrants and the fees and dues of lodges of the period „. «4 CHAPTER IV. Something about the origin of Masonry and the researches of modern writers-The Manuscript Constitutions and the organizations pos- sessing the first tracings of speculative work 44 CHAPTER V. The early records of the Craft In England-The old lodges and the for- mation of the Grand Lodges of England and those of Ireland and Scotland 62 CHAPTER VI. The antiquity and origin of armorial devices-Heraldry and Its language -The Arms of Masonry, Including those of the Masons' Company of London and Craft Grand Lodges In England and Canada 112 CHAPTER VII. First glimpses of Freemasonry on the American Continent-Its intro- duction into Canada-The military lodges of 1759-60-The pro- gress of the Craft from 1759-91 ^35 CHAPTER VIIT. Craft Masonry in Upper Canada prior to 1792-The tracings of Craft work, and the origin, location and history of the plor.por 1od~ps organized west of the Ottawa River ' *° " j^g xiv CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. The first lodxe ■ mj^h^ 184 CHAPTER Y Canada warrant In 1794 18?5 . . ^*° '"''*'« ^"»^ ^ ^ower -. 193 CHAPTER XL —1755-1784 ^ °^ 1775-80— A scrap of history 244 CHAPTER XII. St. James' lodee Nn ii t> n » «. military history ^'^ '**^*°'"*<= P'^^e m civil and 260 CHAPTER XIII. St. John's lodge No 15 p r q N now Macklnaw-A 'lodge in tL Tt„ v'' ^' ** Michillmacklnac, -What occurred^a;?gVl*'o,t'r:ss?"'""''^°'^''^'''^-' "«^ 269 CHAPTER XIV. St John's lodge of Fflendshlo No 2 m.o„. . county of Lincoln. 1782-5;-Fir«; l^ t' ^"''"''''P °' Niagara, this dlstrlct-Its orlglnulnown °' " "^'•"^'^^°* '^'^^^ "^ 271 CHAPTER XV. Lodge No. 19. P. R. Q at Niagara 17R7 qr n 'n that part of Canada which ^^^f' °' '"° '°*'^«« warranted Canada ^*'*'^'' "^^ afterwards- known as Upper 275 CHAPTER XVI. Union lodge. No. 9. P. R. q., No 521 p p n lodge m the Eastern District L f f •-:^°'-"^^". 1793-An old faint trace of the lodge °'''°* ''""'""^^^^ *hat gives a 277 CHAPTER XVII. New Oswegatchle lodge No 7 N v CONTENTS. XV CHAPTER XVIII. CHAPTER XIX 339 CHAPTER XX. The first period of Craft history-Life of wni. r of Upper Canada-The officers of 1 V T ^"''''' ^''' ^- «• M. the schismatic Grand Lodge P''^^'^^'^' Grand Lodge and 459 CHAPTER XXI. The Provincial Grand Master's lodge, No l p p ., m. -Its formation by R. w Bro W, o ' ' ^'^^"a. 1796-1898 Capital of Upper Canalia "'"^'^-Somethlng about the old 488 CHAPTER XXII. St. John's Lodge of Friendship, No 2 P R ,„ ,,. . 1795-1822-A lodge that hnH o f' ' ^^^ township of Niagara at that place^l"' 1 certlflc^tf ''"* ''''' '" *^^ ^-" -rk 499 CHAPTER XXIII. Queen's Rangers' lodge, No 3 p r „. ^ , , Craftsmen of a Provlnclai mni." ^'"^ (Toronto), 1793-9-The meeting-places ™'°';'^' '""'tary regiment-Its membership and 511 CHAPTER XXIV. '""is^^ihe'^sroSr' T'T ^°"'^*^ °' -•-'- "««- Fund .... _ ' PI^nanthrophy-The founding of a Benevolent 529 CHAPTER XXV. Royal Kdward lodge No 5 p p * r, Edwardsburgh, 'county Of Grenvine StiZTTt ^''""'"'^ '' at Quebec for Upper Canada '^^^ warranted 533 CHAPTER XXVI. 533 IK^ I § XVI CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXVII. PAGE* St. James' lodge, No. 7, P. R., township of Fredericksburg, county of Lennox, 1794-1822— The first Masonic hall In the Midland District. 603 CHAPTER XXVIII. Harmony lodge, No. 8, Toronto, 1796-1811— A lodge that had many pioneers among Its members— The first Masonic funeral In York (Toronto) 607 CHAPTER XXIX. Lodge, No. 9, P. R., township of Bertie, county of Welland, 1796-1825— Tracings of Masonic work at Fort Erie— A lodge with thirty years life but without records 620 CHAPTER XXX. Lodge, No. 10, P. R., township of Barton, county of Wentworth, 1796- 1810 — The lodge afterwards known as " The Barton," Hamilton, U. C 624 CHAPTER XXXI. Lodge, No. 11, township of Brantford, county of Wentworth, 1796— The story of the Mohawk village 679 CHAPTER XXXII. Lodge, No. 12, P. R., township of Stamford, county of Welland — The Lodge of Friends 693 CHAPTER "XXXIII. Lodge, No. 13, P. R., township of Ellzabethtown, county of Leeds, 1799- 1803— A Craft centre for a century— A certificate of 1801 720 CHAPTER XXXIV. Howard lodge. No. 14, P. R., township of Southwold, county of Middle- sex, 1798-1804 — Another lodge the history of which has been lost. 731 CHAPTER XXXV. Lodge, No. 15, P. R., township of Grimsby, county of Lincoln—" The Lodge at the Forty-Mile Creek," 1799-1822— A pioneer lodge with an interesting record 733 CHAPTER XXXVI. Royal Arch lodge. No. 16, P. R., town of York (Toronto), township of York, county of York, 1800-22— The leading lodge of early days in York 764 CONTKNTS. xvii CHAPTER XXXVir 79S CHAPTEB XXXVIII. Adoniram lodee Nn is t> r> ^ den. 180?-i812-i^odg^tha^ha°d' ^'"•'%«*''"^«' ^"wnshlp of Mal- of Detroit . . ^^ "^°^ ""'«'»'»» *» oW Zlon lodge 811 CHAPTER XXXIX. St. John's lodge. Nn 10 t> d * umberland. 180^822-:: Stolf o^'^^T" '' "^"""^^ °' N-''^- ine Hoiide on Kelly's Hill " ggj CHAPTER XL. the town of Slmcoe . ^' ^'"^^ "^««« '» Vlttorla and 830 CHAPTER XLI Lodge in Upper Canada . *°' " ^dependent Grand 887 CHAPTER XLII. "Athol" lodge, No 3 p p ♦ 869 CHAPTER XLIII. . Hiram lodge, No 20 P p t CHAPTER XLIV ""^of'^orrrilVn'taTl^^^^^ ^- --^- - -- Hldmg without a history ° organization with a name but 876 CHAPTER XLV. I^dge No. 21, P. R.. at Middle Roches J„ f h lodge. No. 22; P. R. at Wimamlwn ? T"*^ °' ^*'"'"°°t' »'»'"''- """"" '^°'^'' ''°- 2«' St. Thomas, isig . ,'. ' ^*""^°''J' 1817; and Lodge, No. 30, 985 CHAPTER LXII. • • 989 CHAPTER LXni. CHAPTER LXIV. 1020 CHAPTER LXV. The Fourth Convention 1821 — T.^f-.i a a Progress Of the woVk Of "^nit? T"°* °' *^« Proceedings.- e work Of Unltr.-Some Interesting Correspondence. 1035 as3= XX CONTKNTS. CHAPTER LXVI. PAOK The Mission to England. — Interview with the Qrand Secretary. — The Reason for the Apparent Neglect. — Bro. Dean's Nominations for Provlndal Grand Master i056 CHAPTER LXVII. The Craft In 1821.— The Nomination of Bro. James Pitzgibbon to the Office of Deputy Provincial Qrand Master of Upper Canada 1072 CHAPTER LXVIII. The Craft of 1822.— The Fifth Convention.- A Happy Ending to Craft Heartburnings.— R. W. Bro. McOlllivray.— His Work and Its Results 1083 CHAPTER LXIX. The Qrand Masonic Convention at, Kingston, and the Lodges Organized under its Auspices, 1817-22 1123 CHAPTER LXX. Brockvllle Lodge, No. 3. P. R., 1817.— A Lodge said to. have been organ- ized on the Queen's Rangers' Warrant, No. 3,, 1800 1124 CHAPTER LXXI. United Lodge, Township of Murray, County of Northumberland.— The Lodge at the Carrying-Place, at the Head of the Bay of Qulnte— 1135 CHAPTER LXXII. True Briton's Lodge, Perth, Drummond Township, County of Lanark, 1818.— A Lodge Warranted by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Lower Canada 113g CHAPTER LXXIII. Harmony Lodge, No. 24. P. R., Bdwardsburgh, 1819.— A Lodge, that met In the Village of Johnstowh, East of Prescott ' CHAPTER LXXIV. North Star Lodge.— Township of Hamilton, County of Northumberland, 1819.— The First Lodge that met in what is now Cobourg 1147 CHAPTER LXXV. McKay's Lodge, Wolford, 1819.— A Lodge Established at the Upper Settlement on the Rideau 1I68 CONTENTS. , CHAPTEK LXXVI. Union Lodte. South Oower. 1819— A Lodm thn* — .. w »'*«*•'• the old John.town Dtatrict " *"" ^'"~ *" IIM CHAPTER LXXVII. Mount MorU,UHl„. ,„ ,^^ ^^^^^.^ ^^ We.tmln.ter. Mlddl-e, 18W.--A Pioneer Lodge In the London DLtrlct .T UM CHAPTEB LXXVIII. Richmond Lodge. County of Carleton. 1821 -a Lod.e th.» «-» . HiBtorle Village * ^** "** *"* " 1160 CHAPTER LXXIX ■ ' ■ ' ' lloB T^TZjIJKBi INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. a™, of ,h. Grand I.odg, „, ca,„d. , P^OB. ^''rontigpiece. CHAPTER III. corns .NO CHKHNCV K..«.,.o TO CK«T PH.S .KD DUES. Spanish Dollar. 1809 Half-penny, George II L," "1799 ^S Pistareen of Spain. .816 25 United States Dollar, 1799 26 Mexican Real, 1780 .... a6 French Ecu or Crown. Louis' XV.;";767'.":.';: ^ f, °^ ^^«l'«"'8e for payment of troops in CanadV ' .S^ '^ Order for salary of William Jarvis C.vil S.o ^ ^ Canada "' ^"' ^'^'' Secretary and Registrar, Upper Canadian Army Bill for Tw.VDollnr^y.Su 30 Canadian Army Bill for Four Dollars ,«,c ■ 30 Bill of Exchange, signed bv w;u % ^ "" ""'^"" ^P*^^"'""^" ^i of Upper Ca;adl 2' '""" ■^""'' " ^"^'-^ oi the Province ' '■P^^ded Ban. «..,,^, ---,;„ -^^^ British Guinea, George III., ,769 •••• 32 H^;rt*S::n.";;r^" ^-^^^•■^--. no. for-.^„ Dolia;,.-,8;9 33 British Guinea. George III,, ,787";:: 33 United States Cent of ,796 33 English Shilling, 1787 34 ^'"^^■^•^'''''•'"^V.of Spain; ■;8o3 ■ 34 Bank of England Dollar. X804. • 35 French Franc, 1808 35 H*pcn„;;^rc?,:t.r ■■■■■..•.■■■::■::;.! '"•" ''"•'■ "-' »' "-' cL,i ■84to™„.„ " .39 XXIV IN'DEX TO II.irsTRATIONS. CHAPTER IV. ORIGIN OF MASONRY. p.\r.E. City of York, view of, England, A.D., 926 45 Elias Ashmole, portrait of 59 Hall of the Masons' Company, Masons' Avenue, Basinghall St., London, Eng., interior and west view opp. 60 Hall o' the Masons' Company. Masons' .\vcnuc, Basinghall St., London, Eng . interior and east view . opp. 61 CHAPTER V. EARLY RECORDS OF THE CRAFT IN ENGLAND. Masons' Avenue. Basinghall St.. London, Eng., looking west opp. 62 Masons' Avenue, Basinghall St., London, Eng., present entrance to the old Hall of the Masons' Company opp. 63 Entrance to the hall of the Masons' Company, London, Eng. 63 Street Plan, showing location hall of the Masons' Company, London, Eng. 64 Anthony Sayer, Grand Ma.ster of Masons, portrait 65 Scarborough MS., 1705 or earlier 68 Stationers' Hall, St. Paul's Churchyard. London, Eng 6t; The Merchant Taylors' Hall, London, Eng 73 Plan of London, Eng.. showing Charles St., Covent Garden 74 Sign of the Goose and Gridiron Tavern 75 Escutcheon on East Front of the Goose and Gridiron Tavern 76 Old fireplace in Goose and Gridiron Tavern • • 76 Goose and Gridiron Tavern, elevation, 1895 -j-^ Goose and Gridiron Tavern, ground and floor plans 78 Goose and Gridiron Tavern. Room where the first Grand Lodge of England was formed, 1717 .• 79 Goose and Gridiron Tavern, the bar-room • • 8t " The Goose and Gridiron " chair • • 8j Goose and Gridiron Tavern, staircase leading to the lodge room 83 Window in the Goose and Gridiron Tavern 84 Coins found in the cellar of the Goose and Gridiron Tavern (East India and Englisli) 84 Goose and Gridiron Tavern, No. 8, London llouscyard, St. Paul's Church- yard, London, Eng.. 1786-1895; 85 Sign of the Rummer and Grapes. Tavern. London, Eng •••..... 87 Devil Tavern, Fleet St., London, Eng ,S8 Crown and Anchor Tavern in the Strand, London, Eng., view form the Strand Entrance 89 Crown a. id Anchor Tavern, view from Milford Lane 90 Freemasons' Tavern, Gt. Queen St., London, Eng., 1774 91 Ground Plan, premises purchased by Grand Lodge of l-lngland, 1774. for the purpose of building a Freemasons' Hall •.... 91 INDEX 10 ILLUSTRATIONS. xxv Freemasons' Hall Gt O Freemasons- Hall ami Wn"G!''n':°"''°c' ^"^- '^^^ ■"'"*"■• "'^Qi Freemason's Hall Gt n o ^''" ^*' Lotion, Eng ,703 .sfi, ^^ Girls, :8oo^^^^^"-" ^'-^. on Festival of Mason-rs^r^ " Reception to H R H n,» d • Pn„ j^ '•^•«., the Prince of Walfx: Pr '^P'' ^^ Kng., .869 °' ^^'^'es. Freemasons' Hall. London Freemasons' Hall nt n, "^ "• Freemasons' Hal," Gt On!" ''' ^°"''°"' ^ng.. interior/lggS T '' ^ -d-spot vvhecfire^of7;'''.':°"^°"' ^"^•. ^howi.rS e" ' "or '' Freemason's Hall Gt O ^•' "'"'^'"''t^d «re of .883 ^^^^^-^ St.. London, En., sl.o.in.soi.t.- ;nd after " freemasons' Hall Ct n, Turk-. H„<, Tav„„ G "eTs", f '-'■"'""'■ E"., c^eVlo;.' ' .s,, « 103 CHAPTER VI The Pale, the Fesse the Cr" ' ', "•' Grant of .Arn,s to The V, '', ^'''^"'■"" "'^ ;;— ; Arms, from tl/e Ceia^MS^ ^""'""- '^^^ • • • • • • -^ ■*■ "' Masons' Arms, from fho " ^^SS.. 1640 115 Masons' Arms from. J '"'■''" "^^'^S- '^40 "6 ^-'^t'-eMas,mJ "::;:!:!:• ^-'^' - Arm Arm Seal "'■■"/.V- ^^^"therhood at y;;;^ P , Seal of the Pn,, 1 r *" ' Fdwni. ^7"- s'..>M,."',::*:„;' "" ■^-■"-■■--^»-.:- ::::: -^ ^«'<"»l of the (;r.-,„cl n, . '-•=! '^'"'-nne r.„He" 'G;;;;,^r' '^"•"•"^ ....:::::: '-■« ' •"'-"■ •■" "■ ::' ':':::„';:„'""'■".''.:■, ■'■■■■•■■■.■■■■: " i-'8 "ilSP XXVI INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. The ordinaries in shields 128 First (1855) 3nd second (1856) seals of the Grand Lodge of Canada 131 Seal of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Upper Canada, 179J-182J 131 Seal of a Provincial Grand Lodge of Canada West (Phillips), 1844 132 Seal of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Canada West, 1345-58 133 Seal of The Ancient Grand Lodge of Canada, 1857 133 Seal of St. John's Lodge, No. 19 (Quebec), Niagara, 1791 133 Seal of St. John's Royal Arch Lodge, No. 16, York (Toronto), 1800 133 Seal of Rideaii Lodge, No. 25, Burritt's Rapids, U.C, 1815-45 134 CHAPTER \II. MASONRY ON THE AMERICAN CONTINENT, Nova Scotia Stone, 1606, with Masonic emblems 136 Cooper's Hall, London, Eng., Hieroglyphic, New Haven, 1654 139 Daniel Coxe, Prov. G. M., New, York, New Jersey and Penn., 1730-32, portrait of ,^i Tun Tavern, Philadelphia, where first lodge met 142 Pennsylvania Gazette, 1730, earliest Craft notice in America, opposite. , 143 Henry Price, Prov. Grand Master, New England, 17.33—36, portrait of . . 144 Annapolis Basin, Nova Scotia i>n Old ForT, Annapolis, N.S., first lodge Canada 151 Halifax. N.S., 1750, view of opp. 152 Halifax, N.S., plan of town published in 1750 opp. 153 Application for warrant for lodge. Halifax, 1750 opp. 153 Fort at Crown Point, plan of, lodges here, 756-8 157 Louisbourg, plan of, 1763, lodges here 1758 jcg Quebec, plan of, 1763 j^ H. M.S. Vanguard, 1758 ....161 Pierced Rock, Gaspe. showing H.M.S. "Vanguard," 1758 163 Certificate of Lt. Jas. Leslie, Select Lodge, Quebec, 1761 opp. 166 Seal on certificate of Lieut. Leslie, Select Lodge 167 Montreal, plan of town and fortifications. 1763 jgg "Quebec Gazette," 1764, fac-siniile of first craft adv. in Canada 170 Fort William Henry with English and French camps, plan of 171 Fort William Henry, second plan of y,^ Quebec in 1784, taken from Point Levi, view of ,7 , Sir John Johnston, P. G. M., portrait of, 1788 jy^ H.R.H., Prince Edward. Duke of Kent, P. G. M., portrait of 176 CHArTER IX. THE FIRST LODGE IN MICHIGAN. Wnvmn of Lodge, No. i, Detroit, 1764, fac-simile opp. 185 Detroit, plan of, 1749 ' jjk Detroit, plan of the town and fortifications. i7()6 igg Detroit, view of, 17,16. showing old Council House and Fort 191 INDEX TO JI.I.USTRATIUNS. XXVII CHAPTER X. ZION LODGE, No. lo, AT DETROIT. Warrant of Zion Lodge. No. lo, 1794, facsimile ... Minutes first meeting Zion Lodge No 10 D.t, ■<. l ""'' "^"^ Council House, Detroit, 1798 '' '^'^' ^""^"''""^ '98 Bro. Hull, Governor of Michigan,' isoy, 'porirait' of '"^ Detroit, view of, ,811, showing river front ^•'•' 2.38 CHAPTER XI THE LODGE (No. 156, E. R..) IN EIGHTH REGIMENT OP FOOT Colors of the Eighth Regiment of Foot . \ lew of Niagara Fort, 1750, drawn hv -sir urn- " \" '," •^'♦•^ souii. „, ,h, Ei„,„„ C: i„ 1;;," !:i,o, ,":.■:, ;""'"" -« fori Slanwix (Rome Tp,. OndU.i Co N! V i ''''« Fort N„,e„,,, ,„,| i,3 ^„^.^__^^ ^|.^^ _^ ^ opp, 2^, ^Tci:':-z ^iHT T' 1 T" ■»'-■•■■■■'■■■■■■.■■ «: Bro. Hy. W. Nelles, Lodge. No. .56, certificate of "^^ -^' <'I>P TER XX R. W. Bro. Wm. Jarvis as P r at - n2; B:;,^::,r :•:;::;,?;: ^-*- -■ po.;.;„,::::;::: :^ St. Mark's Anglican Church, Niagara, ,8,2-14 ' " ""^^ S .. Mark s Anglican Church, Niagara, 1887' '♦^^ St. Mark s Anglican Church. Niagara, ,887. interior' of -■'''' St Mark s Anglican Church and burial ground S, ''' Colonial ch.mney-piece from house at NWa UT rs'. ^^^ R W. Bro. (Dr.) Rol.t. Kerr. P D P G M m o ' ' ' ' '^^ Mrs. Robert Kerr, tomb of St Mark^s Ph uf"' '^"- ^"""''^ "f" • 48? Bro. George Forsyth, ^orj !t ^M^^:::^'' f^'^' '^^^ -•• 484 nro^^airistopher Oanb. facsimile t:.^:^::;:^.''^: '^.ra! ^' Bro' ChT r°"^''' '«°^- '--Ptionon'thetombo; "''• f Bro. Christopher Danby, Royal Arch jewels „f ^85 ■ 487 CHAPTER XXI PROV. GRAND MASTER'S LODGE. AT NIAGARA. ,7^-98. Ntagara, U.C, view from Heriofs print ,806 49-' "WWiP "XX INDEX TO II.I.USTRATIONS. ^Navy Hall, Niagara, 1793, from drawing by Mrs. Simcoe 493 'Fort George, Niagara, 1812, showing Navy Hall, from N. Y. side '. 494 Lighthouse at Niagara, U.C, 1805-14 40s Warrant of Provincial Grand Master's Lodge, Niagara, fac-simile. .. .opp. 496 Black Swan Tavern, Niagara, 1795-1813 .^ CHAPTER XXII. LODGE, No. 2, NIAGAR.\, 1795-1822. Lodge, No. 2, Niagara, fac-simile, warrant of opp ^^ Bro. James Cooper, fac-simile certificate, 1799 opp -07 Niagara, 1807, view of both sides entrance river jog CHAPTER XXIII. QUEEN'S RANGERS' LODGE, No. j, 1793-9. Queenston. on Niagara River, from drawing by Mrs. J. G. Simcoe 512 Mrs. Simcoe's Tent at Queenston, U.C ■■ kia. Queenston. U.C. 1793. from a drawing by Mrs. Simcoe, showing Rangers' Huts View of Queenston and Rangers' Huts, fac-simile of drawing by Mrs Simcoe ' ^^^ Queenston and Rangers' Huts (another view) '.'.... 519 Fort at York (Toronto), north of Queen's Wharf, from drawing by Mrs Simcoe ........ e^I Queen's Rangers' Lodge Room, in the Fort at York (Toronto), 1795 . ..'. 5^3 CHAPTER XXIV. LODGE, No. 4. NL'VGARA. 1796-1822. Queenston on the Niagara River, i8ri Seal of Lodge, No. 4, Niagara. 1796 • • • • 5.1o American Fleet before Fort George and Niagara" Town.' ",'813 '! ^ ''....'.' ." 5^ CHAPTER XX\'. ROYAL EDWARD LODGE, No. 5. EDWARDSRURG. r794.,822. Tucker's Inn, Lot 6. Con. r. Edwardsburg. Grenville Co., where Lodpe No. 5, met .. '^ 536 CHAPTER XXVI. I-ODGE. No. 6. KINGSTON, i794-,S2... Kingston in ,793. with key. from the original by Mrs. Simcoe 54, INDEX TO IM.USTRATIONS. xxxi Warrant of Lodge. No. 6. fac-simile . Endorsement on warrant of Lodae No' "« v- OPP- 543 Kingston in 1706 nl.n u ' ^' Kingston *-»- m^ s <•"" III 1790, pjan snowinc craft »«— »• . 544 Kingston in 1706 wi»i, 1, V meeting places ,7 b™. D„,e. rCe tr'^;-,r S"' ^' M. s,„„.'::::::;::; 2 Bro. Jermyn Patrick, house of V W w.|j.r. „o,„, Ki„,.'::r,^'''"»"°"' *^ ■ s 8:«. No, 6, K,„B„o„, ,„„ Grand Co„,e„,io„, .8,9. . ^ CHAPTER XXVm HARMONY LODGE, No. , TORONTO, „^.,8„ Vor. --- 6^4 Apron of Bro. Adri n Ma la't To, T' " ' ' • ^' Hphraim Land's house B 'rtn To f .°"'' '^^ 663 St.. Hamilton) ....''' '^^""^° ^^''"'^ ^'^^ '"^^i" 673 ■ii J I W "frm. XXXIt INI>EX 10 ir.I.USTRATIONS. FAOE, Smith's Tavern, Barton Tp., 1850 (N.W. cor. King and WellinKton Sts . Hamilton) " CHAPTER XXXI. LODGE. No. II, AT THE MOHAWK VH.LAGE, 1796. Mohawk Village, on the Grand River. 1792-6, from the drawing l,v Mrs. Simcoe ' ,„ -^ , , 080 Only house of the Mohawk Village standing. 1897 (^^ Mohawk Church, showing Chief Brant's grave 683 Mohawk Church, .showing chancel and interior 685 Communion service, presented to Mohawk Church hy Queen Anne 686 Bel! of the Mohawk Church ' ggg Grave of Chief Joseph Brant m? Craft Certificate of Chief Joseph Brant. 1776, fac-simile 'opp. 688 Capt. Joseph Brant (in his younger days), portrait of 689 Masonic apron of Capt. Joseph Brant 690 Joseph Brant, " Thayendanegca," portrait of 6gi Joseph Brant, statute at Brantford, Ont. gg^ CH.VPTER XXXII. LODGE, No. 12, STAMFORD. 1799-1822. Jones' House, Stamford, early meeting place of Lodge, No. 12 694 Room of Lodge, No. 12, in Jones' House, Stamford, 1800 fig, Hall and staircase leading to Lodge Room in Jones' House, Stamford 695 Room in which first festival of St. John celebrated. Stamford, 1800. . . 696 Seal of I,odge, No. 12, Stamford. 1800 . . 607 Pair of compasses used in Lodge. No. 12, Stamford .607 Bro. Lanty Shannon's house at Muddy Run, Stamford, 1806 .........' 699 Graves of Bro. Lanty Shannon and his wife, with inscriptions .......... 700 Handwriting of Bro. Lanty Shannon, fac-simile ' y,yi Treasurer's jewel found on battlefield. Lundy's Lane. 1812 704 Bro. Robert Pew's house, Lundy's Lane, meeting place of Lodge, No. 12' 710 Red Meeting House, Stamford, 1800-1840 _j^ Gavel and chisel of Lodge. No. 12. Stamford „, Whirlpool Hotel ' •• 714 CHAPTER XXXIII. LODGE. No. 13. TOWNSHIP OF ELIZABETHTOWN, 1799-1803. Certificate of Reuben Wait, Lodge, No. 13, Leeds, 1800, fac-simile 726 IMli:X TO II.I.IJsrUATIONS XXXlll CHAPTER XX X\. Red Tavern at Grimsby, 1799 »■•*' '* ^°"S l:>lasts of the winter's gales Rpf..rl Vi L ^ ^°''^^t, stand the fierce axe was lost in echo of the" hand of t'" ^"'' '^""^ °^ ^he woodman's which marked the limi s of m.n! f '""'^^y^r had laid out the fnes venerable Order had is adherents in r "7 P°P"'°"« ^'"et he dreams of the motherland ami ! f . " ^^"^^^- They had briX Cra/r„° \?e"S,;'; S^^rfef ™"°'°?-^ "^d" the records of .he with difficulev Few „f ,t P '° '79-^ 's a matter thMU =,» t 5 perusal of st^ay LdymtSs?„d t,''" '"'"?• '"'-. U i 'olTa Idea of the work of oi7r S™ "* ,°'''5'' P""i«ve documents Lt»^ wnter, however, will endeav'r , '°"''"'»" ="" be gathered Th^ can be traced o'f ,h S of tt"?™'- '°' "" «« «"" a„ Th= ^:1iZX % """' "' ''-^" ™rhave1„^art7.'" ..""P" Pcrcha„°cri;idd° n"' n'".hrarch1vef Y^u-' °' ™'e Sf ^l S t »'~e^.w e.stln, d^^Sl^^: .lt1tl&- -tjS Ihe early history of Fr-^ms • r- ' " '^'^-'"^--y '" Upper Canada is to the i8 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANADA. fraternity of modern times but little known; to the aspiring Masonic students— and there are not a few— and to the enthusiastic initiate— of whom we hope there are many— the collection of as much obtainable data as existing records can furnish will prove of more than passing interest. Many years ago an effort was made to collate for the press, material for a Craft history, and after a protracted and toilsome quest for individual lodge records and documents, many of which were at that time undiscovered, publication was made " of all that could interest the Craft. But the leading links were missing, and it is only after persistent personal search, extending over a period of twelve years, that the writer has been enabled to marshal with something akin tc regularity, connected and consecutive proceedings, from records of Provincial Grand Lodges, and the minute books of the early private lodges, which flourished in the days of the olden time. Indeed, there is a vague impression in many minds that there are still hidden in the keeping places of the Craft records or data that would furnish complete continuity and accuracy to the Masonic history of this country, especially that portion of the vast territory known for so many years as Upper Canada, now the garden province of Ontario. One cannot venture with absolute exactness to give the day and date of the issue of the first Craft warrant in Canada. Yet it is well that in the endeavor to trace early organizations we should briefly refer to those of which we have knowledge, prior to the year 1800, for after that period, crude as many of the records are, there exist minutes and memoranda that make, as far as genealogical sequence is concerned, the task less intricate than it otherwise might have been. As this history purposes to deal with Masonry in each of the Provinces of the Dominion, it may not be amiss as a guide to the reader to give as much information as possible in tabular form of all lodges from the eariiest times in what is now the Dominion of Canada. The lists issued with this work afford the information in a concise yet comprehensive manner, but to carry the reader along the stream" of Craft history the knowledge of a few dates will keep fresh in the mind many points which could not be retained without reference to such tabulated lists. It would scarcely 1)e fair to the reader to inflict upon him any- thmg niore tlian an epitome of general Canadian historv.' This work- is mainly intended for :\lasons. and the matter given appertains to and unmediately concerns the fraternity. While this remark may applv to the Canadian Craftsman, there are thousands of the fraternity in both the old and new worids who do not possess a very intimate acquaintance— indeed, in the writer's experience ihey occasionallv displav a serious lack of knowledge— of Canada, its origin, its territory and population, both general' and Masonic. Will it. therefore, be inappropriate if, while giving them an opportunity to read the story of our Canadian Craft, one ventures to retil fields that, perchance, since the davs of the summoning school-bell, have lain in fallow, and draw a picture of a country and a Craft jurisdiction which has not as yet been distanced in the race for prosperity and advancement in all works which benefit humankind In this work, therefore, the effort will be to give in continuous and comprehensive form: HISTORY OF PREEMASONRV ,N CANADA. ,5 he '..r S p'irnts'?™,! ™,sr8^7 •^'- -^"3 =°pap°' ^,„-;;^^,,.d. l4soU.:;,S;5jrdlrSe'-o;ra''j"''^"^''""<' -<■ *= era,. Maso^J,. '"' "■•""""^ °' l--ld, and annorial deviees. The arn.s of and |''infroduc';!on'teo cIZl"""""' °" "" ^'''""'" continent .;. C_raf, fron, it. fonndation .■.U,,:^^?if,erdt„r.,!?rro,»;f. .•antid'\?'';L!'''"arroMh:°oTJ^£' ■"°"' °' ">' C-" lodges „ar- Lecanie Upper fanada. ^ ' '°""'^' "' Q"*ec, which in ,7y, ri¥'¥"- '"^'ci:i''G!;:nX?r r.r -'" ■«-■ ^=-6 L*- '^■■°- Willian, Jarvis, at Sara a,?l1°' ,"PP""; '^""^'l''. ""Icf I...e,.i..hee,cfption^^.h:-S°oltl?-r^^^^ Ma»|l c:rnte;lrlwcrie^%rTr ,'" *^ "'^"-y °' '"^ Grano M PhtUips, fron. 18 7-1822 and .V ^"'"' """"^ «• W. Bro Ziba by .t and un,lcr its control "" '"''°'y °' *= l°S'tdte oTrsl.^'^.V^^r^^ f^ history of the tory of ,ts dissolution and thf for „L?fon"?fT^^ ? '°^^^"^- ^^'^h a his- of Canada, under R W Rrn, ?[r a ^l ^'''^ Ancient Grand Lodp-e f'ibbs Ridout. from Xs7 58 ^^ ^" ^"^" Napier MacNab and ThomS f^i^^l^t^^J'^i:^^ -b-- that section of Craft historv ^-od.e of Canada .VuTan^-lt'. XZ^Tir^ ^^f\^ t?^ ^^"^ (/) I no seventh nerinH ,.,;n ^ • '^O- ^V. J\r. Wi son wHich led .0 ,l,e unio';r™^r^SrPr:S' "-' "' '"""^'•' proceedinp-s tirand [.odge, or pr= flO HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANADA. rather The Ancient Grand Lodge of Canada with the Grand Lodge of Canada under the style and title of The Grand Lodge of Canada. This will include all Masonic work in the I'rovince of Upper Canada, afterwards known as Canada West, from 1792 down to 1858, and then it is the purpose of the writer to carry this history to the close of the year 1898, thus including the work of the Grand Lodge of Canada, 1858-98. CHAPTER IL The First Period.— A Sketch of British North America with ITS territorial UIVISIUNS, 1763-1897, AND THE POLIT- ICAL DIVISIONS OF Upper Canada from 1791. It will be helpful to the reader — ^young or old — who may not be familiar with the geography of the Provinces of Canada from 1760- 1898, in which period lies the story of the Craft, to recount in a few pages so much couceriiiug Uiilish America, its history and its divi- sions for the purposes of civil government, as will familiarize the reader with the land in which the Masonic homes described are situated. By the Treaty of Paris, signed loth February, 1763, Canada was formally annexed to the possessions of Great Britain. France renounced any pretensions to Nova Scotia, and ceded to Britain all Canada, as well as Cape Breton and the islands and coasts on the Gulf and River St. Lawrence. The treaty included four separate governments, namely, the Province of Quebec, East and West Florida and Grenada. We are, however, more particularly interested in the Province of Quebec, or, as it was officially known, " The Government of Quebec." This territory was divided in 1791 into Upper and Lower Canada, and at the union of the Provinces became Canada East and West, and since the Act of Confederation in 1866 has been known as the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Years before the Province of Quebec, as defined by the proclamation of 1763, and that portion of the western territory, now comprised in Ontario, Manitoba, the North-west Territories and British Columbia, now provinces of the Dominion, were politically divided, Craft lodges existed and were governed by a Provincial Grand Lodge at Quebec. So that to comprehend the limit of the Masonic jurisdiction embraced in the old boundaries of what is now the Dominion, a short reference will, it is hoped, assist the reader and enable him to trace not only the progress of Masonry in the Dominion, but that of a country, which has made phenomenal advancement as part of the British Empire. It must be remembered that west of the present city of Quebec, a hundred and thirty years ago, the country was practically a wilder- ness, and that east of the Ottawa, the cities, towns and villages of to-day were but clearings in the forest, occupied by the pioneer sheltered from danger by his log cabin and picket fence. West of the Ottawa, almost to the setting sun, was a forest so dense that even HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANADA. 21 the hardy pioneer preferred in his wanderings for a new home, to trust himself to the dangers of the waterways, the rivers and lakes rather than peril his life by following the narrow trail of the aborigines, or hazard an encounter with the wild dwellers of the forest who. at a disadvantage with an Indian hunter, might not i)e as diffident m forming the acquaintance of the white settler The early lodges, excepting tliose in the cities of Quebec and Montreal, were not located in towns or villages, for of these there vvere none but in the sparsely inhabited settlements dotted at long distances from one another in the newly-formed townships of the Provmce. Even after the division of Quebec and the western terri- tory into Upper and Lower Canada, warrants for lodges were in many cases not granted to particular settlements, but to certain brethren for a lodge in a district, county or in a township, and in some instances even the name of the county was not given The grantors of such a warrant were evidently of the opinion that fnr^v,^ ^V r '^'''L" !'""i^diately concerned had a knowledge of the ocalrty that was sufficient for all purposes. The question Sf lodge jurisdiction was not then in the circle of debate, and those who sought Masonic light required but to be of full age and good repute in order to be eligible to wear the lambskin. ^ .hi. )^^''^ *<-^'' lax method may have been, and certainly was, accept- able to our forefathers in the Craft, it has not been of material aid to ^u/^'fT^ r • ^Y'^'T ^'"'"''y- ^"^^"l- ''^'^ it not for a close n r fnH ^'{f P°''.t'^^> and municipal divisions of the country, many of our lodge histories would be in an inextricable state of entanglement. One of the chief difficulties in collecting material for the present history has been to determine the location of the lodges in the^ own in'tTTharoTr;'"'^ l"'^" ?^ ,"^"^^ °^ ^ -"^^? - hamlel TL similar to that of a township, and when the lodge warrant was without chtt'ifr T-^ ""'!!•"■' ^' '' ^^ '"'^^"' "' t''^ i^«"^ «f ^o'"e modern charters. There being no other data than the name of the place of a 1 'nSened t" TT °' '''' ''''''''' "^^"^^--^- ^^e quest iSved a lengthened search of assessment rolls, even as far back as 1702 tr, vnhee""" tmrt""^"^ ?'-^'^1 "^^"^•^^^^ whether 'the; resfdel'^fth: VI age or hamlet named in the warrant, or in perhaps a township of he same name, fifty or a hundred miles distant. Indeed the act d coiiro"„lvrT .""""? ^°,"'^'^'^ ""•"^^^'•^ '-d -t been aHottTd could onlj he determined with accuracy by a reference to those of lodges in adjacent townships that had been numbered eUher it an '' Tl^ nT-^"'"'- "'^"^ ••^^"^•^' ''>' *^^^" ProvinciaG an" Lodge the sTsteni^,^ ' 1' r'' ^^Pf^-'-^Hv to the period 1817-22, for after^that ssn.^, 1 " T^ "''^^^'°" ^^"'^'' carefullv carried out in the issue and eiuinicration of warrants the lilstor7of"th,! '^nf T'^ ^ ''^ ^"""^ '•''f^'-^^"'^^-^ i"-'^^"tal to are co iccrned i 1,^ r "f ^^'^^ f'' tiecessary so that all who l,L u \\ -h^ ''^'' "^ ""'■ Cj'^^t mav know something of the Sure hi "ed::';'"''-^ in their lodges, were sturdv pionee fin LgH^ culture, in education, and m the civil government n.,t fortro H„l 22 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANADA. cent distances, anJ a journey from the extreme west to the extreme east of even the Province of Ontario was a matter of weeks. Now it is one of hours. One of the lirsl men who surveyed the western forest was a Mason, and sonic uf the last generation of the fraternity still live to record how many of the first settlers west of the Ottawa looked forward with pleasurable anticipation to the monthly reunion, when the iloly Writings would, be opened and the Great Lights spread. That part of the country west of the Province of Quebec was at the close of the revolutionary war a wilderness, with a population of about 2,000 whites, and these lived at the fortified posts on the St. Lawrence, Niagara and St. Clair Rivers. The Imperial Government, as a home for the loyalist refugees, created a new colony to the west of the older settlements. It was duly surveyed, the work being per- formed by the Hon. John Collins, Deputy Surveyor-General, who was at the same time Provincial Grand Master of the Grand Lodge at Quebec. It was while on this survey that St. James' Lodge at Cataraqui (Kingston), which had been warranted from Quebec, was constituted, organized and duly opened. On 24th July, 1788, Lord Dorchester, the Governor at Quebec, by proclamation divided the newly founded western colony into four districts, viz.: Lunenburg, extending from the Ottawa to the River Gananoque; Mecklenburg, from the Gananoque to the Trent; Nassau, from the Trent to Long Point on Lake Erie; and Hesse, embracing all the residue of Canada to the St. Clair River. By an Act passed at the first session of the Legislature of Upper Canada the names of the various districts were changed. Lunenburg was called the Eastern District; Mecklenburg, the Midland District; Nassau, the Home Dis- trict; and Hesse, the Western District. A fifth district, that of Gaspe, was also formed in the lower part of the province. In 1 791 the Constitutional Act was passed by the Imperial Par- liament. In 1774 an Act had been passed for more effectual provision for the government of the province of Quebec in North America; but owing to the influx of British imnngrants, known as United Empire Loyalists, who settled at various points along the north shore of Lake Ontario and in the Niagara peninsula, it was found necessary to amend that Act, and accordingly that of 1791 was passed, and the Province of Quebec was divided into two separate prt)vinces, to be called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. In a proclamation by Lieutenant-Governor Clarke, who was acting in the absence of Lord Dorchester, issued 26th December, 1791, the division of the province took effect. The proclamation dividing Lower Canada into electoral districts was issued at Quebec by Licutcnant-(iovernor Clarke on 7th May, 1792, and that dividing Upi)er Canada was issued at Kings- ton by Lieutenant-Governor Sinicoe on the 16th July, 1792. The last named document was one of the first, if not the first, signed by William Jarvis. as the official Secretary of the Province. Tie also had been appointed on 7th March, 1792, Provincial Grand Master of Upper Canada by the Athol Grand Lodge of England. It is rather a coincidence that one hundred years later the office of Grand Master of Canada in Ontario was held by Hon. J. M. Gibson. O.C, Provin- cial .Secretary of Ontario, formerly Upper Canada. Many of the United Empire Loyalists were Masons, and the iUSTOKY OF FKKEMASONRV IN CANADA. 33 before the exodus to Canada tL^^^^^^^^ ^''"'f °^ ^^^ ^orK met at guebec on the 17th Decembe?f.<^o^''''^"'l"' of Lower Canada St. Liw^enrto'L'uuarS^ ^.^^^ ''-^^. ^-" the ing Irom Upper Canada ^HnZ^" '"'^'''^ -^ '^ ^ ^^^^ ''^ ^^^l"d- seignories. liinay be explainer tK/.t. ^."'''^^^ °^ ^'^^ ^^^^ting under French rule was a fnnHifi . ^*'.' u'"V''^ ^^ ^^"d in CanadI blocks of land fror wo To th ' ?" '""^"^ '^'^''^"^- ^^''e^ seigneurs, who were generally m lUarvS'.;^""'.'' T''. ^^^^^^^ '^ French families. The condhiS. of L?? '.u ' ^^^"^^ °^ aristocratic King and Governor., nft?,„ holding these was fealty to the the purchasr n"oney L the'rZf'.P"^'"'"* ""^ ^ ^^'^' °^ q^^^t o? administer justice "nthe^r Hnn.;^ T^^'^'^' *° "maintain order ^nd stone fortrcisesTorth^STrolS':^^^^^^^ -^"^ -d log or definld.^ ?r;t?Jnced'ra""storh^ ^"'h ^°"^^ ^^^^^ -- ^hus the Lake of St Francis fi 1 boundary on the north bank of between the Hmits o" 1 e^ TownsZ"of t'"'"''"^'/' ^T'' ^" ^°"det, of New Longeuil runninp- nlT T , Lancaster and the Seigneurie angle of N^w Longeiif tf alol 7/' ""'V^° ''''' ^° ^^e west Vaudreuil, north and east until f! A ^^e north-west boundary of river to Lake Temiscamin^nl f'l^^' V-'" ^"^^^ ^'^er, up this boundary of Hudson? Ba?'; T^ ^^ ^, ""^ ^'^"' ^'' h^^d to the south of that line fn CanaJ; '• ^^ ^"^ "" '"'"'^^'^ ^° ^^e west and viousy;t;etthrptrce";f'un';;r'r «'"--. as pre- cpuntiies and townshipIwSiJh w??e adde"d to r'r''"'^'' *"^° ^'^''^'''' Gore at a later period The dktH^t! f , / Li^"tenant-Governor 1788 were increased fom four to ef.h^"' ^' ^T^ I^->-cbestcr in the counties of Glengarry Stormont^DmTf--' p*' "^' ^^^^^'•"' ^'^h 2nd, the Johnstown District vvkhh.^'• ^'T""'^ ^"^ ^"^^^"^ and Carleton; 3rd. the Skll ^J Dis ri^t'S'the ln^"r"'^i h''^^ tenac, Lennox and Addin^tnn TA.ll- ^^"\the counties of Fron- the Newcastle DistriS vS ^h. "5' ^1"^ P""'^^ Edward; 4th Durham; 5th. the Ho^Vd stnV. 'i?"? •"' .°^, Northumberland and Ridings of' the Countrof ?o ?'6"h"the"Ln?if *'fv^^^^ ^"^ ^^^ counties of Norfolk, Oxford 4d \mrl. "^T ?''*"*'*' ^^''^h the trict, with the countes of 1^1 an^^^'.lH' ^'^J ^he Niagara Dis- which embraced Kent and Essex ^^Idimand, and the Western, the situatic, of the lodjjcr ^ ^''''" '''" '°''''°" °f ^^^^' ^"^1 The territorial divisions referred to Inv,. ..f many changes. The districts Im e bee^i .holi.h 1 "T', ''""^''^one re-arranged, but with few exceo ions tL f • "",•'' ^'''^ ^"""^'^^ tbe san.o as when origiiJlv su^veved T^ township hues are much with separkte municipSes but nnf "7 '' f ^'?, ^'''''' '^^^" ^'^'^^^^ which we are now dSg ' °^ '''^'"" *'^^ ^^^^^^^'^^ Period with p.iseJ'::i,^rt:;i:i! ^:tii;^i;'?jft^i"" -^ p---- ^-"■ foundland. tho West TnCS^Silbf^!;,,:^!"^'-'^^' ^^P* ^^-= luras. 24 HISTORY OF FREEMASONKY IN CANADA. The divisions of Canada are the Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, British Cohinibia, North-west Territories, District of Keewatin, the Islands of the Arctic, and those of Hudson's Bay. The Province of Ontario has an area of 107,780 square miles, and Quebec, 180,355, ^"d the entire Dominion has an area of about three and a half millions of square miles. The Provinces of Nova Scotia (1866), New Brunswick (1867), Prince Edward Island (1875), Quebec (1869), Ontario (1858), Mani- toba (1875), and British Columbia (1871), have each sovereign and supreme Masonic jurisdictions, which were established in the years indicated. In 1897 Nova Scotia had 64 Craft lodges, and a member- ship of 3,351; New Brunswick had 31 Craft lodges, and a membership of 1,764; Prince Edward Island had 12 Craft lodges, and a membership of 515: Quebec had 56 lodges, and a membership of 3,530; Ontario (Grand Lodge of Canada) had 356 lodges, and a membership of 23,- 351; Manitoba had 54 lodges, and a membership of 2,413; and finally British Columbia, 24 lodges, and a membership of 1,272. Grand total, 597 lodges and 36,196 members. CHAPTER III. Early Colonial Currkncv. — The Coins and '^aper Money used FOR Craft Purposes from 1760-1897. — Tiuc Co.st of WARRANTS AND THE FEES AND DUES OF LODGES OF THE PERIOD. It may be sauntering beyond the recognized limits of our history, and perchance into an arena which may be more suitable for the students of cold fact and dry statistics, when one ventures to present in connection with Masonry the variations and definitions of the early colonial currency. And yet no salient reason can be urged why the Craftsman of to-day should not be informed as to the coins and curren, v that his ancestors in lodge work handled when settling initiation fees, dues or contributions to the general charity of the Craft. To the credit of the brethren of those bygone times who did the clerical work be it stated, that the accounts "between the subordinate lodges and the Grand Lodges were reasonably well kept. The debits and credits with the members of each lodge show an exactness of detail which would convince some of our modern treasurers and secretaries that their predecessors in office, if not in possession of a diploma from a modern business college, had a knowledge of writing and arithmetic which served the purpose to a demonstration. One can be readily informed of the many methods emploved in keeping " statements of account," and of the varietv of coinage used by early brethren by a perusal of some of the old manuscripts of either the original Grand Lodge of England— the Moderns— from >nSTO«V OF F»KKMASON,V ,N CANADA. ,^.r, or^.1,0. o, ,he ,hir., (.a,,,, Lo<,«e. ,„a, o, -The Ancien.s," goneral rule, members of the S^ft '''"''' I"-'"^'n'"I« vvere| as a satisfi^'C'S ^M!;ne^"t'i;;,,ir?:':' 'r^^^^'-- -" ^^ '-tter aiiother chapter is triven -i {IT ■ T ^J°^'^'' >" "is own land In :Q"cbec cUette '• ST764. n' X! tt'" -^-'-tisement Tn tl. Masonic festival or dinner is named as -'fi ^"?u ^'>""ssion to a I'lonev. "anietl as five shilirngs " of sterling lodge; 'Stebec'we^e^^oT^n^^u'"'', disbnrsements of St. Andrew's Montreal, in St. Peterl'Cge ht ft"'"/? °^ ^'^ "'.^' "and. while "a not only with the British money S lu '''T"'' ""''' f^"^i'iar. the convenient " nine-pennv " S f r " ''''^'' ^'^^ '°"'"« ''or and changed for the English shilnni"'" "^ ^''■^"^^- ^'"^'^ could be ex i'urther west there wpb tC \j ^ '" 1787-CJO at FJizabethtowV nowXn r-.f *'^?^ '"^'s^' ^^'"^h met roncy of twenty currency shiEsry'"'' ^'^'^ '^^ "^'i^^x cur- Dom,nion money, or fou^ S^S'sZ^/"!, twenty cents each of sh.Ihngs currency, to the no m T, L /r r"^''' ^^""^ '"^^^d at five sixteen British shillings and to thimf ^n- ''"""'' ''^' ^^"«' ^o rency. ^ ^"^ ^o thirty-two shillings New York cur TiiK Spanish Dollar. Half-Penny. George III., j 799- HISTORY OK FHKEMASONRY IN CANADA. The Pistareen of Spain, i8i6. pistareen of Spain, to " tl.e dollar of -;-|-;:^^;: ^ °- ^"^^"^^" brethren are wont to call it. passcl without trouble. United States Dollar, i799- ,he unit of Spanish """"J.^v"™ ,''= ^'^''^S,"™^," eights '■ Ae And one nu .t i-t f'^i^J.' f ^. "" " at York (Toronto^ where ^-;r'^^;.' r:i;t||s§,- ?;rir^rra The Mexican Real, 1780. .od.e also favored the goUl c^i. of Portu^^ T r" ?\?:Z"t ev cen e of r "aJd^ esteem on affiliation, "^"'^h: p nituli'o Por^^^^^^^^ origfnally part of Spain, was estab- H^hela. nn independent monarchy in the year 1092. No coinage in HISTOKY OF FRKEMASONRY IN CANADA. a; the wurkl has enjoyed a wider reputation (jr a greater circulation than the gold coins ot I'ortugal. Ihe "joe" and the -half-joe'" are familiar terms all over the world. The ships of the Portuguese have sailed the waters of every sea, and their gold currency may be found in every quarter of the globe. .. • ■'" ^^"'"'^'^ during the earlier part of the present century the " joe " and ■■ half-joe " were coins which had a large circulation. They were used in sending remittances to different parts of the country as being more convenient than silver. The unit of Portuguese numey was foimerly the rei, of which one thousand were nearly equivalent to the Spamsh dollar, but this has been displaced by the millrei, or one thousand reis, which is represented by a silver c(jin. Since the middle of the seventeenth century Portugal has had three systems of gold coinage. In 1722 the joanneso series first made Its appearance, and it continued until 1K35, when it was abolished bv Maria II., and a third series instituted. In the "joe" series there were seven denominations, those circulated in Canada being the joanncse of 12,800 reis, and the half-joamiese of 6,400 reis. This " joe " coinage takes its name from the fact that it was first introduced in 1722, bearing on one side the head of John, King of Portugal, and on tlv: other side a crowned shield. In value it was worth $16 Ilalifa.x currency, the half-joe being equal to about $H.oo. 'riie coin which had the largest circulation in Canada was the half-joe of Maria I. On its obverse side was a bust of the Oueen, and the words " Maria, I. D. G., Port, et alg. Regina 1787." On the reverse side was a crowned shield and no legend, which- was the same as the issue of 1723, which had for its obverse the "head" of King John V. In 1797 the Queen (Maria I.) became demented, and her son, John, was administrator of the govermuent. In 1804 the name of Maria was removed from the coin and that of the regent substituted. In 1816 he became King under the title of John VI. The "joe" and "half-joe" issues of 1787, 1804, 1807, 1823, all circulated in Upper Canada. The value of the latter was about $8.00 In 1808, Lodge \o. 21, at Ingersoli, fixed the fees for the three degrees at fifteen dollars, but afterwards reduced them to ten "on account of the scarcity of mon.-v." In another place it is stated that dues in this lodge were paid " in wheat." In Grimsby lodge, the rule, in cases of affiliation, was that a brother should pay " two Spanish dollars for the fund," while for being " disguised in liquor " a fine of " one Spanish dollar " was imposed. It was also a rule that the Tvler should receive '•' one .Spanish dollar for every Mason that shall be made in this lodge." Candidates in Grimsby lodge in 1810 had to deposit "not less Ihati two Spanish dollars," and tor initiation, " five Spanish dollnrs for the first degree, three Spanish dollars for the second degree, and three Spnnish dollars for being raised to the sublime degree of a Master Mason." "Due bills" for initiation were impular in 1801, as in May of tliat year, in Grimsby lodge, " P,ro. Stevenson paid five dollars 'and gave his due bill for five more." There are four periods in the historv of colonial currencv, which merit attention, although that prior to 1704 is only interesting i i 2» IIISTURY Uf IKIiEMASDNKV I.N I ANAUA. from the fact that iii that y< ar. by proclaiuatiim of (Jucrii Aiim-, tlu- raU's at uliich fnrii^ii roiii "in our M-viral lolotiifs ami plantations in Amorica " should pass was tixod. The only coins the colonists saw were of forcijjn silver, principally of S[)ain, which wore rated, not only in ilritisli stiiliiif,'. hut in the currency wiiich for a hundred years was Uuowii as Halifax currency. The Spanish piece of eij^ht, which after i/tjS was called the " Hollar," had a sterlin>f value of 4/6, while on account of its similarity in make to the l'!nj,dish coin, the p()i)ulai or local rating was hy tale at 5 -. Money in those days was more plentiful than when in 1621 no less than 150 " younjj; and incorru|)t jjirls were imported into Virginia as wives of the ct)lonists. each being rated at icx) lbs. of tobacco, ecjual in value to £15 steiling." .\s the Kev. Mr. Weems. ail early \irginia writer, has said, " it woidd have done a man's heart good to see the gallant young \ irginiaus hastening to the water side, when a vessel arrived from London, each carrying a bundle of the best tobacco under his arm, and taking back with him a beautiful and virtuous young wife " In those diiys. indeed down to 1741;, there were no Craft lodges erected in Canada, although prior to that date and after 1738, Erasmus James Phillips paid to the lodge in l5oston for his initiation the sum of $30, \ew "S'ork currency, which was e(pial to 1:7. 10. o., Halifax currency, or t'6. o. o. sterling ($29.16 Dominion currency). Bro. Phillips probably paid his fee in the Spanish milled dollar or " piece (if eight." The second period may be considered as that after 1777. when the " Proclamation tnoney " passed away, and " Halifax currency," which for nearly a century was the popular mercantile rating Of Canada, took its place, and in many cases ran side by side with Xew York currency in business transactions and in the account books of lodges. The year 181 1 of this period was marked by an issue of paper money in Canada, which was redeemed in 1H13. The third period embraces the dates from 1825-27 to 1830. in the first of which the British Ciovernment fssued an order in council with the object of introducing British silver into general circulation in all the Colonies, in the second of which the Legislature of I'pper Canada re-rated T5ritish silver, and in the third, when Upper Canada demonetized the Spanish pistareen and the silver coins of France, so that the dollar became the .standard of value in boti, Upper and Lower Canada. The fourth period was in 1841, when the Provinces of Canada becoming united, all past currency legislation was repealed, and a standard of value fixed, so that the British sovereign was ecpial to £t 4s. 4d. History shows that, as in Maryland in 1708, when "tobacco was the drink, meat and clothing of the planters and others," no less than a hundred years later the early Craftsmen used the fruits of the field as money, and paid their lodge dues in wheat and sometimes in whiskey, ^^any a time, too, the product ot beaver skins paid the fees and dues of brethren, who were accustomed to barter for a living, owing to the dearth of coin. The systems of bookkeeping in Canada from 1763 were almost HISTORY OK FRKKMASONRY IN CANADA. ^g was shortly M oiecl b t.rr! 1^^^^^^^^^ ^"^'' '"u'^l".?^'' ^^^'''""S. wind, in the wostorn inrt of .. r ?^ "?>V »« Halifax currency, while Canada. N m S nr^ 1^^ ^'""^'' ""^''^ '7'>' l>--an,c. Upper ratin,as a n,eth;:^^fX^;:;;>;;^;: •;;;/-" •••^'^^ ''■'' ^"^ ^'^"'f- and New "'S<"cuZ;c;'\i^7rr' )"'" ''l^'T "^^'"^ '" '-^" "="if- Fc.rsvth. 1 eron Inl Hi.'r ^^^^^^^ ^'■'"" "•^' ^'''^^ "'"' '''•"'^' 'litany, account „ 1 1^ f .^ , \ Ai;' 'H '''^■^•"■^irr' ^" "^^'^'l' ^''^i'- "^» Treasury, in wo k on the - n 7'"' ' ''■""^■•"^- "f "^'r Majesty's co.onie^.awoH:::l^^oi!;%a,;;;:^-;'^--i.;--:^^^ A Fkenlh Ecl- ou Crown, Loims X\ .. 1767. Canada consists in the transition from the I-rench ecu to the Smnish 'l<'IIar. and fn„n that coin to the K-Id dohar of the L'nUed States ' 'pHIRTYD.^iOieraightrf ^Jtt99C 4 '/*%r^j thii nU BOt of Cacfai^ (Fine aod S(c«d '/■rV.vy. Tm iiut OMitKi Sfrmu, BXCNAMQI: -.' An karly Bill ol- Exchange. 1809 order, w 1 i^h tS i ^Hr^S'^ " ^''-"""'^^ ?^'^' "'■^''-'-^ "^-^1 VV. IJro. Jarvis > ( M in -^^'.''""'^ns. a half year's salarv to R. jarMs, l.t..M., ,„ his civd capacity as Secretary 'of the ■mimmsMSKSiumMuiM* Province and Registrar of Upper Canada. The order is signed by Peter Hunter, the Lieutenant-Governor of the Province. Deputy Surgeon-General Neilson, of Ottawa, Ont., has a valuable collection of old army bills. All the specimens of army l)ills and bills of exchange are in his collection. During the war of 1812-14 specie became very scarce in Canada. To meet the necessities of the occasion, for the payment of troops, militiamen and army contractors, the military authorities were forced to issue paper money, which was known as " army bills." A fac simile of one of these for $2.00 is given. These bills ranged in \alue from five to twenty shillings, redeemable at the close of the war in gold or thirty days' sight in bills of exchange. These bills were used Dy private lodges in remitting duos to the Grand Lcdee of Niagara as late as 1816. In size they were 44 inches x 2^ inches. An Armv Bill, 1814. HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANADA. 31 unique specmien from the collectioti r,f nl . = " <''-''''«ive proof, a son, of Ottawa, 0„,. I„ J^'Ti^g rl^eT^sl lX";°'""" ''^"- •'w*-) >l^^' ■■«!* 1^ ► our "fclh. . . E..V- '"urta.LomcaoDgMte. »_ '^ uucroa. t** ■An Army Bxll-A Unique ^Speu men '.a*«j-4JCaSif,s ■ M^-^' T* L An Early Bcll of Excuanok sicned by William Jarvis. >8xx'r J^r^,;]^.?-^^P\-- P^mif^ in lodge coffers a.out paper by the Imperial Gover„„ e u S^ ' V T ''f '" '^^"^ °f vears afterwards, and at the btT, r \ . 1 '''" """l^^^'ned a few Provincial Grand LodVe 822 . shn fl '^^ '"^'''^"■t^ ^^ the second considerable difficnlt with a nUr '"' '''"\"' ^^^^"^3 there was p.-et.uled Bankof rpp;:;^ana[;:^-;;^;.^„;:'^^^ -- -"-• " the hut owin- to informality it hnd f^. K Legislature was passed, petition from personfhiWcintl'; 'l ;7"'\^'^^- . I". i8i9 another => " ■'^' ^ ^'^i'^'. to l>e known as the !?1 32 HISTORY OK FREEMASONRY IN CANADA. Bank of Kingston, was presented to the Legislature, but this charter, tliough granted, was forfeited by non-user, as the required capital could not be secured. In the same year the residents of Kingston formed an association in direct violation of the law, invited subscrip- tions for stock, and opened an office in Kingston as the '■ President. Directors and Company of the Bank of Upper Canada." It carried on busines&\ and up to 1822 had issued notes to the extent of about £19,000. The concern might have been profitable if honestly con- ducted, but it was wrecked by the President and Directors, suspended in August, 1822, and failed on 23rd September, 1822. This institution had no connection with the genuine Bank of Upper Canada, which was incorporated at Toronto in Ajiril, 1821, under the style of the " Upper Canada I'.anking Company," and which commenced business on 1st July, 1822. The foregoing extended reference is made because the Grand Masonic Convention and the second Provincial Grand Lodge suffered by the failure of the Kingston Bank, which was known as tile •• I'retended Bank of I'pper Canada," from the fact that it was a fraud upon the public. Bro. Turquand, one of the Provincial Grand Secretaries, writing in November, 1822, from York, says: " Tlie impossibility of exchanging the Kingston bills is a subject of regret, as our D. P. G. M. was anxious to remit the sums gathered to Mr. McGillivray, whicli, of course, must now be postponed until we can realize their value from the diiTerent lodges, to which, 1 presume, you have lost no time in returning them for exchange." There are frequent references in the manuscripts of Bros. Dean and Tur(|uand to the trouble created by the subordinate lodges, having either remitted fees in the bills of the " pretended " bank, or having them cashed in these bills, rendering it impossible for the lodges to discharge their liabilities. In not a few cases the lodge kept money in " the box " directly under the control and keeping of the Treasurer. 1-AC SIM 1 1,1: 01 A NDTi: OK TllK " PUKTEXDEU Ba.NK " OK UpPER Canad.v, at Ki.nt.ston, DATED May I.ST, 1819. This general outline gives a fair idea of the coinage used in paymg lees and dues, and the systems used in keeping lodge books. HISTORY OI.- LRKKMASUNRy IN CANADA. 33 Province of Canada, which en braced tS ^^^ the lodges of the old used J'.ritisli coins. Cold a Sv „l I ^'m' "' '""'"'^'^ °f Q"^bec, the Johannes of Portugal the haTf^irl' ^'^''°".?'' "'" ^°'" ^^^own as the louis d'or, were in ci'rc lat^n S, ^^'''^'"'' °^ Germany, a,id and the Mexican piUar Tolaf worth fiT' ^"p v'u' T""^ P'^"*'^"'' was worth 1/4 currency, the nistaro' ^^ /'*"'' '^"""^' ^^ich Fiench nine-penny piece worth 1/ T' °'*^ '^^ currency, and the ^^■•ilish coppers rnllTp\re'cllL;ilSCi' '°'"^"' "'"' *"^"^^ TrrH Guinea of 1769. The guinea of Gcoree IJI tt^o C.-.nada. nor was tlie spade Lvuin;-/of H, ' ""^ ''"? ""J^novvn coin in tlu. fees of the early loclres ^787 isi '^'"' '.'■""''• ^' '' ^^''^"1 that Lodge of England. ^ ' '7«7-'«"o, were paid m gold to the Grand pIan^",rp:S;:;^Uc;;^^S;i'"777. when Halifax currency sup- ..uced fro. 6/- to 3/-. ^h^l^^.f ^.^ T^^^-^Z^^^ Fac S,m,le of Note op - Pretenimu, Uank " U C «f«p 34 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANAIM. a coin which was rare, at £i 3s. 4d. currencv, and the Johannes, Of Portugal, at £2 os. od. or $8, while in silver the British crown was rated at 5/6, the shilling at i/i, the Spanish milled dollar at 5/-, and the pistareen at i/-, and the American dollar at 5/-, ali being currencv value. U. S. Cent of 1796. The American cent of 1796 was favored in Canada, and obtained quite a circulation along the international line. The chest of lodge No. 12, at Stamford, had in it when opened in 181 5, after the war, American cents, English half-pennies, a pistareen, and an English shilling. Some of the lodges had seals made out of two English half- penny pieces, welded together, the face being made smooth, and engraved with the proper emblems. In 1787 the Congress of the United States received proposals from private coiners for the issue of copper, and the proposal of Mr. James Jarvis was accepted, to produce 300 tons of copper coin Jarvis was a partner in the New Haven mint. It is rather peculiar that he was one of the collateral relatives of Secretary Jarvis of Upper Canada, 1792- 181 7. It must be remembered that, by law, provision was made for weighing gold, and, when this privilege was exercised, if light, the payee was a loser, while no such provision was made regarding silver, so that silver was the standard of value in both provinces, and there- fore the Spanish dollar, or rather the pistareen, five of which made up the Spanish milled dollar, was the standard of value in Canada Bro. Draper, a member of St. Andrew's lodge, York (Toronto), m 1857 was Chief Justice of Upoer Canada, and who in that vear gave evidence before the Decimal Coinage Commission, testified 'that in 1820 the coins most in circulation in Upper Canada consisted mainly of Spanish and Fr^^nch coins, and that occasionallv an Ene- lish guinea might be seen. " ° An English Shilling, 1787. The English shilling of George III., 1787, was a popular coin after the advent of R. W. Bro. Jarvis and Governor Simcoc It was the coinage used to pay the Rangers; and the Henniker transport HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN CANADA, with Bro. Jarvis on boarH ] A ' which was sent to Niagara in 0^2^^ f .^^"si&nment of this silver pence of the same de^g!^^ IVdaS lU^'^] ■ '^^^''^ '« ^^^- - ^Tx' coin in Canada, i^gi-ii^^ ^^^- ^'"^ ^^s a well-known kep.l^lX'°t4r J^oSr 5^ "'■"' = .'- --um, were ^^rSLrenTrj^EP rr°'^'' " ""'"' '"■ were twenty currency shillings to the oounH L '^ \nd Montreal, there Two Reals, Chas. IV., 1803. IV of's^^rSeVar^^ Pieces of the time of Chas eadmg expert in coins in tTe tS^ c' ^'■- L>''"^n H. Low 1 'ish sixpenc^lntclllllfeS' :;^?i;?he"X^ ^T .^'^^ ^^"^ °^ «- Eng- and not, as is sometimes si.ppo ed fr^n ^, ^^''^ ""'■''^"'^y quotation? m Upper Canada. ^"PPosed, from the town of York (Toronto) It must be clearly understonri H,nf .u momze with the Halifax or XerVol '''"■' ^''"^ "° ^o^ns to har- of Hahfax or New York cuh^Ckv wer. ■''"^r'^'- ^^'^ denonmiat ions hngs and pence, the dollar 'bdng^S' a? ''TI °"^^' P°""^^' «hS- s"ted. s