\\* ^ ijr IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ 1.0 EfKtiii Ut 02 122 I.I ILSi !j25|U |L6 -^ V ii][|t)i^:ii Phoh^ . Sdmoes CarpoFatian as «MIT MAM ITIMT WIMTM,N.V. 14IM (n*)l79-4S0a 4^ /. * A^ > ^ ^ ^ .^ <; J g. <^ <^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Caradim ImtitiiM for HIMorlcal Microraproduetlora / liwtHut Canadian da microraproduetlom tiMortquoa TMhnlMl Mid BIMIo«rapMe NotM/NotM t*ehniquM m WbNograpMquM Ttm Inttltut* hM atiMiiptMl to ototain tiMi bMt orlgifMl Gopy avaltaM* for fNmino. Pootiirot of tMo copy wMeh may bo bIbNotraiMiloollv unlquo. wMoh may altor any of tho Imagaa In tha roproduction. or wMoh may al g n lfl o a ntl y ohanga tha umial mathod of fHminfl. ara ohaekad bala w . □ Colourad eovara/ Couvartura da eouiaur rn Covars damagad/ D D D D Couvartura andommagAo Covart raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rattaurAa at/ou paWeuMa □ Covar titia mlMing/ La titra da couvartura man^ua □ Colourad maps/ Cartas gAographiquaa an eoulour □ Colourad Ink (l.a. othar than Mua or Maek)/ Enera da eoulour {l.a. autra qua Maua ou nolral r~l Colourad plataa and/or IHuatratlona/ Planchaa at/ou Hluttrations an eeulaur Bound with othar matarlal/ RaM avao d'autraa doeumonta Tight binding may eauaa shadovvt or distortion along Intarlor margin/ Lar«llura sarrAa paut eauaar da I'ombra au da la distortion lo long da la marga Intirlaura Blank laavaa addad during rastoratlon may appaar within tha taxt. }Mh9nmiw possHMa. thasa hava baan omittod from fHmtaig/ II so paut qua cartalnas pagaa Manehaa «)outAas lors d'una rastauration app a r a lassnt dans la taxta. mala, lorsquo caki 4tait poaalMa. eas pagaa n'ont pas At* fllmtos. Additional commants:/ Commantairas suppMmantalras: L'inatltut a microfHmd la maMaur axamptaira qull kd a dtA poaslbki da sa procurar. Laa details da eat axampMra qui sont paut-ftra unlquaa du point da vua bibNographiqtta, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raproduita. ou qui pouvant axigar una modlfteation dans la mdthodo normala da f ilmaga sant Indiquda d-da s sous. Th to r~n CokNirad pagas/ D Pagaa da eoulaur damagad/ andommagtes raatorad and/oi Pagas rastaurAas at/ou palHculAas Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxai Pagas dAcolorAas. tachatAas ou piquAas Pagas datacliad/ Pagas ddtachias □ Pagas damagad/ Pagaa andommai rri Pagas raatorad and/or laminatad/ Fyj Pagas discolourad. stainad or foxad/ I I Pagas datacliad/ rrn Bhowthrough/ Transparanca Quality of prir Qualit* indgaia da I'imprassion Includas supplamantary matarii Comprand du matdrial suppldmantaira I I Quality of print varias/ F~| Includas supplamantary matariai/ r~n Only adition availabia/ Sauia Adition disponiMa Pagas wholly or partialSy obscured by arrata slips, tissues, etc.. hava baan rafilmad to ensure the best possible image/ Lee pagas totalament ou partlallement obscurcies par un feuWet d'erreta. una pelure. etc.. ont AtA filmAes A nouveau da fepon A obtanir la meiNeure imaga possible. Th po of fill Or be th( sk> oti fin sio or Th( shi Tl* Ma diff enti beg rig» t TMe Item is filmed at tha reduction ratto checked below/ Co documem eat fHmA au taux da rAductlon kidkiuA cl-dee^ous 10X 14X nx ax aix 30X / 1IX wx »x MX «x »x tf4taHs IMt Ai t modifier 9m un« I filmaga Th* copy filmod Itoro hot boon roproducod thonks to tho 9onorooity of: Notionol Ubrory of Conodo Tfio imofpoo appooring lioro aro tho boot quollty potsiblo considoring tho condition and togibility of tho orlginol copy ond in kooping with tho filming contract tpacif icationa. Originai copioa in printed papor covoro aro filmod iMiginning with tho front eovor and ending on tho last paga with a printed or iiiuatratod improe- tk»n, or the back cover when eppropriote. Ail other original copioa are filmod beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated Improa- sion, and ending on tlie last page with a printed or illustrated impreesion. The lost recorded frome on eoch microfiche shall contain the symbol — »> (mooning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (moaning 'END"), wliicliever applies. L'exomplaire fllm4 fut roproduit grice i la g«n4roeltA do: Bibliiothiquo natkMMle du Canada Lea hnagoe suhrantee ont ur Ie fleuve et dcucendant ven lei terres non.conctdH>i ; avec I7» 8- 30" v.. Ion. Ol" 44' 56" 9 w. ; variation, 24<> 38* w. ; North Point, lat. 49" 57 38' n., Ion. 64° 15' 1" 4 w. ; South.west Point (by the au- thor's former map), lat. 4&> 23' n., Ion. 63» 44' w, — By a recent act of the provincial assembly, two light.houses are to be erected on this island, one at the East Point and the other at the a. w. Point. As the navigation of this part of the gulf is con- sidered by sailors in general as very dangerous, no ap'logy is necessary for the insertion of the fol- lowing extract from " Sailing Directions," by Mr. Lamkly, who, by order of government, placed the direction boards and nailed them to trei'S near the beach, the branches being first cut off*. — " Two leagues h r. from the west end of the island of Anticosti lies Cape Henry, the west side uf (}rand Buy ; Cu))e Eagle forms the east side of thiit Bay, and they ure n. w. and 8. r. of each other, three milesdistant. ThisbayliesN and a. and runs 2 jm. b2 ANT A R O V. f ■f 1 into the idand, with good anchorage for nnall veHeU in from 2| to 4 fathonu water. In running down from the west end of the idand come no nearer than ten fathoms : the breakers will be seen on the ihoal which lies from the beach \ m. ; and when you are down to Cape Henry, haul into six fathoms, towards a long ilat spit of sand, which lies B. K. from this cape ; it is very regular ; five and six fathoms a good birth from it. Run along this spit and round the a. b end of it in four fa- thoms at low water, and come to anchor; you will then be 1^ m. from the houses, which stand on the north ude of the bay. This bay is about one mile across ; at this anchorage small vessels may anchor farther in, with shelter from s. w, and even 8. s. w. winds ; but the outer anchorage is exposed from 8. a. w. round to the a. b. — Mr. Delisle lives on shore here at the houses, and remains all the year, and government has put a quantity of pro- visions into his possession for the supply of unfor- tunate shipwrecked persons, which are issued iu regular quantities to each man; the captain giving him receipts for the expenditure. — The Reef that is to the westward of the west end of the idand does not lie farther off than two miles, and at that distance you cross it in ten fathoms, but it is very narrow, and ouly three casts of the lead can be got. — From Orund Bay to the a. w. point of the island the shore is all bold, and so steep there is no trusting to the lead. You may stand to the island within one mile, and you will see all the danger on the beach : there is not a reef or a rock to be seen \ m. from the beach. — The great river which is just to the westward of the a. w. point of the island is called Jupiter River ; its proper name here is Seal River. — The shore from the a. w. point to the south point is all bold likewise, and no danger ; ships may safely stand to within one mile from it. There is no anchorage on any part of this side of the island except Grand Bay. — Two leagues to the westward of the south point of the island is Jupiter River (called Shallop Creek in the charts). Mr. Hamel lives here, and has in his possesuon the same quantity of provisions, and for the same purpose as Mr. Delisle, at the west end of the island, vis. 16 barrels of flour, 8 barrels of pork and 8 barrels of peas ; and there is also an- other depot of proviiiions in the possession of Mr. Oudin, who resides ut Fox Bay. This place is five leagues N. w. from the cast end of the island. —Off the south point of the island lies a reef of rocks two milet. This is the only danger on the south nde of the island. The east end of the island is flat two miles off, and lies from the south point B. 8. E. distant seven leagues. There are no inhabitants on any part of the island, except those mentioned. — Jupiter River (or Shallop Creek) is very small, with just water in it to float a boat- load of provisions at low water ; small vessebi may anchor in a small cove just to the westward of the creek; and there is one anchorage on a spit of sand that runs from the east side of the river (with a N. E. wind) in four fathoms. One cable length off there is twenty fathoms and a little farther off fifty fathoms. — In the year 1808 direction boards were placed along the idand to assist any unfor- tunate person to find the provision posts that are mentioned above : viz., one on the west end of the island, marked, ' Two Leagues East to the Pro- vision Post.' — Four leagues s. e. from Grand Bay another, marked, ' Four Leagues West to Pro- vision Post.' — On the pitch of the 8. w. point one, marked, ' Ten Leagues West to Provision Post' — In a small cove, to the eastward of the s. w. point, another, marked, ' Ten Leagues East to Providon Post.' — Half-way between this board and Shallop Creek stands another, marked, ' Six Leagues East to Providon Post.' — And near the east end stands another, marked, ' Seven Leagues West to Provision Post.'— The island of Anticosti is thought to be very dangerous to ships coming to Quebec, but it is not so dangerous as is said. When sailors can see the island they may make free with it ; and, by doing so, they will always get faster to the westward with foul winds than in the offing ; and by keeping within two or three leagues of it they will be clear of the strong s. b. current that always runs in the offing. There is no danger of being embayed, and the floods are pretty regular near the island. Tides at Anticosti flow un the full and change days 1 1 o'clock ; rise 10 feet in spring tides, and 4 feet in neap tides, and run tide and quarter." Tlllr. — " Ciinredk' on Mhps 1080, (Mir Jucquri Dnrhei- ncnii, liitfiiiliiiit, Rti ^ii-ur JulluW—ttegiilre a' IntcHftancty No. Ma 17,>/iu(ii'J. AppKixN, river, in the S. of Lauson, falls into the left bank of the Etchemin. Ahbrb a la Cnoix (F), v. Champlain, S. Argkntkuii., seigniory, in the co. of Two Mountains, is bounded, s,, by the Grand or Ot- tawa river, n. by the Gore of the t. of Chatham, AROENTEUIL. B. hy die S. of the Lake of Two Mountains, and w. Ij the T. of Chatham. This seigniory is two leagues in breadth and four in depth (by Title), containing about 58,000 sq. arpenU. This pro- perty was granted, March 7> 1725, to Mons. d'Aillebout, and now belongs to Major C. John- son. 590 farm lots, measuring about 49,000 ar- pents, are conceded and mostly built upon and cultivated ; but the lots and settlements are neither separately regular nor uniform with each other, either in sise or position, the rivers and brooks having been made in general the front boundaries ; in consequence of which many irregularly formed tracts intersect the settlements. 27,000 arpents are under cultivation, and 31,000 in wild wood- land. The soil fronting the Ottawa is composed of clay, sand, and gravel, and much of it is calca- reous : the central sections are clay, loam, and marl, intermixed with some high and stony land. The north side, though mountainous and rocky, contains many fertile intervals. The land, which abounds in stone, is generally very fertile when cleared and cultivated. The wood is much diversified, varying according to locality ; the higher lands producing beech, birch, hemlock, and maple ; the level and low lands yielding spruce, soft maple, ush, elm, cedar, &c. ; on the mountainous and rocky parts are hemlock, white spruce, &c. ; and near the brooks is white pine, though not in great abund- ance. The roads and bridges are kept in good repair, and there is one established ferry, which is at the Carillon Rapids. The rates are, for a foot- passenger 6d., for a saddle-horse I: 8d., and for a carriage 2x. The Ottawa, which flows east- wardly, is navigable as far as the south-western angle of the seigniory, where the navigation be- comes obstructed by the foot or termination of the rapid of the Long Sault, and where this river is to form a junction with the intended Grenvillc canal. The North Rivrr runs obliquely through the seigniory, and, though not large, is of much advantage, as it affords many mill-sites. Its cur- rent is generally rapid, and only partially navi- gable. Besides these important rivers, there are many never-failing small streams and brooks run- ning into and through the seigniory : they are called West River, River Rouge, Davis Brook, Clark's Brook, Pine Brook, ttc, all extremely beneficial to the lands through which they flow. — The population exceeds 2(UN) souls, chiefly epi- scopalians and prcsbytcriuns, who have their re- spective churches ; and a clergyman of each per- suasion is attached to the parish of St. Andrews, which is at present the only parish in the seigniory, though another will be erected comprising the settlements of North River down to Beach Ridge or to Muddy Creek, which nearly traverses the seigniory. Under the auspices and direction of the Royal Institution six public schools have been established and supplied with male teachers: many of the scholars are instructed gratuitously, and their average number is about 180. Be- sides these public schools, there are three private establishments under the direction and tuition of females. Parents and guardians in this sei- gniory seem, happily, to appreciate the good that must eventually result from early instruc- tion. There are two excellent flour-mills, • paper-mill, a carding and fulling mill, three saw- mills, four potash-works, two distilleries, two brickkilns, six blacksmiths' forges, and three tan- neries. The number of tradesmen and artisans is about 100, viz. irpen 3 Silversmithg I Plater V Watchmakers 10 Weavers 4 Coo|i«r« 8 Tailors 18 Shuemakers 4 Tanners and rurricrs 6 MiUcr^ &c. 6 Millwrights 9 Blacksmiths 5 Wheelwrights 9 Masons and plasterers The homed cattle is generally of a good breed, and, though not of the largest size, is hardy and well adapted to the climutc. The farmers are very attentive to its improvement, and consider the cross between the English and Canadian the most thriving ; and, as much of the soil is adapted for good pasturage, a quantity of excellent beef is produced for the market. There is every reason to hope that a good breed of horses will be ul- timately obtained, for many English, American and Dutch horses have been introduced, which, crossed with the Canadian race, will produce a sturdy breed of draught horses, fit for any cli- mate or service. Some attention is paid to sheep and swine, though neither can be considered of the best breed, nor are there many more reared than are required for the use of the inhabitants.— The annual consumption of grain in the S. is about three-fourths of the produce. Hay is abundant, the meadows yielding 2500 tons, lUO of which are sold to persons employed in the lunilicr-trade on the Ottawa. Hemp is raised in many parts of the seigniory, though not extensively, its cultivation being considered expensive. — The lower port of i.! !l A R G this leigniorjr, bordering on the Ottawa, is to> lerably well cleared from wood, and contains large patches of fine meadow and pasture, as- cending gradually from the river to woodlands of great extent, which yield timber of different kinds of first-rate sixe and goodness, and which have hitherto been very little thinned.— Scarcely a third part of the seigniory is divided into settle- ments, and the remainder presents many tempta- tions to agricultural speculation. The concessions on the bank of the Ottawa are the most numerous and perhaps the best cultivated : others are on the Riviere Rouge, in a range between it and the North River, and idon- both banks of the latter, all ex- hibiting strong .udications of a thriving industry. The island Carillon, 3 m. long by | m. broad, is very good land, but at present not used ; which, with a smaller island near it and another at the entrance of North River, are appendages to the seigniory.— The village of St. Andrews occupies both banks of the North River, and, in point of beauty and situation, has the advantage of even St. Eustache. In 1824 it contained 28 or 30 houses, and 200 inhabitants, now increased to 55 houses and about 330 souls, composed of American and British bom subjects. It also contains a grist and saw mill and an extensive paper-mill, be- longing to Mr. Brown, opposite whose -esidence is a handsome bridge over the river. Perhaps, through all the upper part of the district of Mont- real, no tract of equal extent will be found of greater fertility or possessing more capabilities of improvement ; and, if fertility of soil and easy ac- cess to water conveyance be duly appreciated, it will not be easy to select a tract more advantageous to settlers than the seigniory of Argenteuil. Populatioi] Churches Schools . Villages Houses in village . 8 . 6 1 the . 55 Wheat . Oats Barley . AHnu Bmhclt. 30,000 18,000 7,000 Statislici. Corn-mills . Cnrding-mills Fulling-mills Paper-milU Snw-milU . Tanneries . Potash factories 4 Distilleries . i Postmaster . I Taverns . Artisans . 100 Annual Agricultural Produce. PoUtos Turnips Peas , Buxheli. 110,000 . 3,000 10,000 Buthdt. Rye . i0,000 Indian corn 50,000 Horses Oxen Cloth 1,800 1,800 Uvt SiMk. Cows . . 8,000 I Sn ine Sheep . 3,800 1 Annual Produce qf Donirtlic Loom: Bill. I Elli. , . 7,750 1 Flannel . 3,850 Linen 1,600 Elk. 5,H00 A S to/a— " Pierre LeuU Pentt, Ecnytr, PropriMaire in Fief et Seigneurie A'ArmntteuO, produisit un Acte de Foi et Hommage, du 7me Mars, I7ie5, rendu par Dame Louiie Denis, Veuve de Pierrt fAUkboul, Ecuyer, Sieur d'i seil, d'oik il paroit que cette Seigneurie joint celle du Lae det deux Moutagnei et que les rumbs de vent dn flront et de la ligne qui tennine la profondeur doivent Mre Esl^ quart de Sud-est et Ouest quart de Nord-ouest; et que les rumbs de vent des lignes qui bomeiit la largeur de chaque cAXi seront (pour la Seigneurie du Lae Set dent Montagnes aussi bien que pour celle i'Argenteuil,) Sud quart die Sud-ouest et Nord quart de HorA-eiV—ltigiilre del Foi el Hommage, Ifo. 76. Page 3M, 81me Mar$, 1781. Cahiers d'Intend. 10 i n.fiHo 57& Armagh, township, is in the rear of the Aug- mentation to La Diirantaie and the S. of I'Epi- nay. There are no settlements in this t. The Riviire du Sud traverses the s. w. extremity. The soil is not very good ; but there is meadow- land between the hills and the rocky ridges that traverse it in a b.w. and n.x. direction. — Vnm granted and unlocated, 41,000 acres, exclusive of reservations — 1st Sept., 1829. Arnold, river, rises in the high lands in the T. of Clinton and falls into the s. extremity of L. Megantick. It derives its name from the Ame« rican general Arnold, who, in the year 1775« passed part of his troops down it when conduct- ing his army through an almost unknown country to besiege Quebec. Artharaska, township, in the co. of Drum* mond, is a triangular piece of land, situated be« tween Chester and Halifax on the b.b., Bulstrode, Stanfold, and Somerset n.w., and Warwick b. w., containing a much less extent than a full township. The land is much of the same nature as that in the townships of Halifax and Chester, but in some parts lower, and rather swampy. The timber is chiefly birch, t)eech, elm, and some pine, with much of inferior qualities upon the swampa. Se> veral branches of the Nicolet and Becancour run through it. No part is settled. — Ungranted and unlocated, 15,600 acres, exclusive of reservation*^ 1st Sept., 1829. AnuNDKLii. A projected township in the rear of Harrington t. in the co. of Two Mountaiiu. AscoTT, a township in the co. of Sherbrooke, advantageously situated at the forks of the river 8t. Francis, bounded n. by Stoke, a. by Hatley and Coropton, e. by Eaton, and w. by part of th« AS C ASH Imoch of the St. Francis that connects with Lake Memphremagog.— In eveiry point of view this is • deainUe tnct : the knd is of exceedin^y good quality and so well varied as to answer all the purposes of the farmer; the timber is beech, maple, pine, basswood and oak ; it is watered by some rivers of considerable magnitude, branching off into the adjacent townships of Compton, Clif- ton and Eaton, which in their course through this S. turn several grist and saw mills. Settlements on a very large scale have been made and several farms, by the sides of the rivers, have attained a degree of flourishing superiority, that shows their improvement to have been very rapid, as no part of the land was granted prior to the year 1803. The majority of the settlers here, as well as in most of the neighbouring townships, are Americans, who, since their domiciliation, have taken the oaths of allegiance to the British go- vernment. These people, generally very indus- trious and persevering, are unquestionably much better managers of their farms tLan the Canadians, particularly when they take the land in a state of nature. By the system thay pursue, a tract of ground, from its first clearing, becomes fruitful and turns to account in a much shorter period than if under the hands of provincial farmers, who would follow the methods of their forefathers : for the American is an experimentalist and varies his operations according to the nature and quality of the materials he has to work upon. The population is 1000. Several factories and saw and grist mills have already, in some degree, laid the foundation of commercial speculations that bid fair to obtain a considerable increase- In the encouragement of these, the navigations fay the St. Francis into the St. Lawrence and through Lake Memphremagog and the rivers branching from it into the United States, the main road by the St. Francis towards Three Rivers and Quebec, and several other roads lead- ing into the different townships, will be greatly instrumental. At the forks of the St. Francis and at the foot of the great fall are Hyatt's mills, in a most convenient situation. This valuable property belongs to Mr. Gilbert Hyatt to whom, with several associates, the tovv^nship was originally granted, and who is at present the greatest land- holder.— A rich mine of iron ore, much impreg- nated with sulphur, has been discovered on a farm near Sherbrooke, and a mineral spring near the centre of the t.— The cultivation of hemp has been found productive, and thedistillation ofwhiskyfnmi potatoes is a source of much profit. — Neat cattle and live stock in general are in a flourishing state of improvement. — The vilUiffe of Sherbrooke occu> pies an elevated situation on both banks of the river Magog, at the Forks of the St. Francis. It contains about 75 houses, and its settlements ve connected by a tolerably good bridge, near which are Mr. Ooodhue's mills. The churches and the greater port of the village are in Orford, but the old court-house and the gaol are on the Ascott side of the river. The population is about 350. It is the seat of the jurisdiction of the inferior district of St. Francis, and is a place of more general resort than any of the villages in the neighbouring town- ships : it is, as it were, the emporium of the town- ship trade, and the place of transit through which the chief part of the township commodities arc con- veyed to the St. Lawrence: these commodities are, chiefly, pot and pearl-ashes, hordes, horned cattle, and some sheep. At some distance from the village is Belvidere, remarkably well situated, the residence of the Hon. W. B. Felton, the pro- prietor of large tracts of land in this and other townships. — Lennoxville, about 3 m. s. of Sher- brooke, is situated in lot 10, 5th range, on a rising ground on the s. side of a branch of the St. Francis. It contains about 20 houses, and its population is about 120. The church, seated on a rising ground s. of the road, is built of larger sixe than is necessary for the extent or population of the parish. The houses of this village are scat- tered along the public road leading to Compton and other townships near the province line. Population . 881 Churches . 3 Schools . 3 VUlages . 8 Stalittic*. Corn-mills . 2 Saw-mills . .'1 PotMheriei . 8 Pcarlssberies i Tanneries . I Shopkeepers 5 Taverns . 3 ArtiMUis . 21 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat . commcncer i la fln de lu ruiiccHiiion accordte BU Sieur de la GorgcniHire, ensemble leg isles et islets qui Rc trouvernnt dans la dite riviere dans I'etendue de deux lieues, et des deux ccit^s d'icelle; lesquels isles et islets seront partagiVs par egale portion entre la dite veuve Att- btrt et le Sieur de Vlilr, auquel nous avons accords au- jourd'hui parcille concession du c(M du Nord-est de la dite rivijre." — HigUtre d'lnlenianct. No, S, folio II. AuBiONT, town, t'. Lauzon, 8. Auckland, a township in the co. of Sher- brooke, lies between Hereford, Drayton, and Newport, bounded w. by Clifton, and b. by Em- berton. The land is uneven and rugged, in some places mountainous and in others sinking into swamps ; the level and dry tracts have a pretty good soil, which, if brought under culture, would answer moderate expectations, and some patches in lower situations appear fit for hemp. The tim- ber is a mixture of most kinds found on the sur- rounding tracts. This t. is abundantly watered by a great number of streams and brooks, some of them flowing into the St Francis and others into the Connecticut River. The n. half of the town- ship has been granted, but no part of it is settled, and a sort of footpath runs through it, by which the Indians frequently make their way to the River Chaudicre. — Ungranled and unloruled 2(^900 acres, exclusive of reservations — 1st Sept., 1829. Aui.NAia, des, " River of Aklers," called, in the Indian or Crie languages, Pcshikaouinamish- ushihi, is the narrow outlet, winding among alders, of the lake Kiguagomishish, by which that l. dis- charges itself into La Belle Rivii re. Although 9 m. long, if followed in its windings, this R. is in reality only 3 m. in a straight line, and about 22 yds. wide. There is but one canoe portage, which is 5.'>0 yds. long, and lies about a mile from Lake Kiguagomishish ; and thence to the Belle Riviere there is a path, preferred by those who have no duty to perform in the canoes, because B A I the river is much obstructed by alders and canoes pass with difficulty. This B. flows through an alluvial soil composed of layers and mixtures of sand and clay. The course of this river is exceed- ingly tortuous, and, being narrow, is much ob- structed by fallen trees; and the entanglement and intertwining of the branches of alder, with which both banks arc covered, render portages sometimes necessary where there is plenty of water and little current. The Portage des Aulnets, however, is occasioned by the river tumbling over the rocks. The timber on the banks of this R. is elm, ash, spruce and some pine and iir. The R. des Aul- nais runs, with a gentle current, into the N. e. side of a basin formed by the Belle Riviere, having passed over a picturesque fall occasioned by a fels- pathic rock. On the s. shore is a narrow channel which leads to Lac Vert. AuLNEs, des, (R.), v. des Aulnais, r. AuNAiB, des, river, rises in several small lakes, and joins the Batiscan near the w. line of Per- thuis, S. AviBON, Baie ii V, v. Ouiatchouan, r. B. Back Lakb, t;. Drayton, t. BADOELY,river, in the co. of Saguenay, falls into Lake Kiguagomishish, and is supposed to be a com- munication between it and Lake Kiguagomi. This is a very pretty r. though choked with alders; its course is from 7 to 8 miles, and it passes through a rocky country, covered with a small quantity of black earth, and falls into Cushcouia bar- Along the banks of the R. is a mixture of red and white spruce with some pine, white birch and sapin, and the soil is a mixture of clay and sand. This R. derives its name from Lieut. Baddely, employed by the colonial government to make a geognostical survey of this part of the Saguenay country. Baib des Allouettbs, v. Saguenay, r. Baie des Roche Rs, i; Saournay, r. Baie du Febvre, v. Baie St. Antoine. Baik St. Antoinb, or Lgfebvre, seignory, in the co. of Ynmaska, is bounded a. w. by Lus- saudiere, n.e. by Nicolet and, in the rear, byCour- val. — Two leagues in front and depth. —Granted Sept. 4th, 168.3, to Sieur Lefebvre, and is now the property of Mr. Le Blanc. — This is in all respects a very productive tract of land: in the front the Longue Pointe, Pointe aux Pois and Pointe a la Oarenne, all stretching boldly B A I into the St. Lawrence, form the extremities of two large bays ; to the k. of Pointe k la Clarenne is the Baie du Febvre, also trenching deeply into the seignory. For some distance on the margin of these bays is a marsh that in the summer affords excellent pasture, singularly intersected in all di- rections by numerous small and clear rivulets, from which to the main road, crossing the seignory from E. to w., are some very rich and luxuriant meadows. From the main road the land continues a gradual elevation to the rear ; the soil is mostly a fat clay or good black mould highly fertile. Ex- cept in the marshes and meadows, which have much inferior wood, the timber is of the best kinds. The river Nicolet, crossing a small part of the s.e. comer, is the only stream towards the back of the seignory. — About two-thirds of this property are under culture and can boast of some farms in a very flourishing state, particularly near the road- side. The want of water corn-mills is supplied by several wind-mills. The church is placed about the middle of the seignory on a rising ground, be- low which are several good houses, almost sufficient in number to form a respectable village ; among them are two or three shops and a tavern, for which the situation is not ill chosen, as the place is a great thoroughfare. A main road strikes off towards the southern townships. — In this S. 136 persons are employed in agriculture without re- ceiving wages, and 61 are hired labourers, one quaiter of whom would take new lands. — The farms are chiefly between two and three arpents in width. The population consists of native Cana- dians. Statistics. Population 2,955 Churches 1 Prcsbyteiies J Curates 1 (.!oni-uiill8 1 Saw-mills 3 Taverns Artisans 4 23 Annual Agricultural Produce. Bushels. Wheat H),0(X) Oats 13,0(X) Bushels. Barley 2,000 Potatoes 16,000 Peas Rye Bushels. 7,600 300 Some Indian i;om is grown, and also a considerable quantity of hay. Live Stock. Horses 1,200 1 Cows 1,560 1 Swine 2,000 Oxen 1,400 1 Sheep &,m)\ Tiffr.—" Concession du Ime Septembre, 16S3, faite par Lefebvre de la Barre, Gouverneur, et de Mrullet, In- tendant, au Sieur Lefebvre, des terres nonconcid^es, d'en- viron deux licues de front, joignant au Nord-est la terre du Sieur Cretii, d'autre au Sieur de la Luitnudiere, au Sud-ouest, au Nord-ouosc Bur le lac St. Pierre, !oO. — This settlement may be called a continua- tion of that of Stanstead, from their relative con- nexion. Bamston contains two corn-mills, four saw-mills, several schools, several pot and pearl asheries. — Ungranted and unlocated, 5,387 acres. Bahrk, rivulet, in the S. of Monnoir. Buis- scuu Barro rises a few miles from Mount Johnson, and, beirg joined by two nameless rivulets, in- crc'use.o the stream of r. du Rupide below fief St. Michel; their united streams fall into r. des Hurons. Barthklkmy (I.), V. Saouenay, r. Basque, du (I ), v. Richmond, t. Basques, aux (I.'s), v. Tnois Fistolleji, S. Bastonais, river, in the co. of Portneuf, rises in a small pond £. of Long Lake, through which and the gr. and lit. Wayagamacke Lakes it flows and joins the St. Maurice R. a little below the Post of La Tuque, and about 10 miles above Isle au Noix. — Ascending this r., its width is found to vary from 20 to 25 yards ; it flows through an alluvial tract of good land, extending to the ad- jacent hills, which intercept the course of the r. and occasion a fall of near 130 f^., formed of 3 cascades and presenting an excellent site for a mill. The portage here, about 30 chains or 600 yards n. n. e. of the mouth of the R., is 325 yardf long. From this portage, 1| m. upwards, the stream is swift and very winding, and the banks exhibit a favourable appearance for settlementa, although to an inconsiderable width, as the moun- tains follow the general direction of the R., which suddenly leads s. 8. E. and is seen issuing from a small lake, where the land is low, excepting on the a. side where it rises at a short distance. The prevailing timber from the St. Maurice to this L. is red spruce, fir, birch, red pine, and some maple. Near this lake the Long Portage com- mences; it is nearly 4 miles and leads through uneven land, in many places swampy or hilly and poor. The swampy parts are very wet and some- times rocky, timbered chiefly with spruce, fir, birch and cedar ; and on the hills are fir, birch, pine and some maple. The soil here is in ge- neral sandy or of a light loam. The upper land- ing of this portage lies on the borders of a small, lake about -\ m. long and \ broad, which is con- nected with the Grvat Wayagamacke l. by the Bastonais running in a narrow channel. The deputy surveyor-general, who explored this part of the country, ascended the lake as the sun was sinking behind the distant hills. The scene it ex- hibited was truly splendid and was rendered the more impressive, while he paddled over the un- ruffled surface of this beautiful sheet of water, as the hills echoed the characteristic song of the voy- agers ; and the occasional shrill cry of the loon, with which this lake abounds, enhanced the pecu- liar interest and wildness of the scene. — This l., which is m. from the mouth of the Bastonais, is of very irregular figure. Its bays are deep, and it is 11m. long by 3 in width and contains 4 or 5 islands towards its n. side, and several others, at its head, where the river enters it. The adjacent land, 8. w , is hilly, and on the parts that rise gradually from the L. the timber is chiefly spruce, pine and birch. — Above this l is the .3d portage on the Bastonais ; it extends, e. a. e., 270 yards over very rocky, poor o2 BASTONAIS. it ' ! 'II Und timbered with ipruce, white birch, cedar and baiswood. The n. rum on the right ride of the portage, uad formi a caacade of 30 ft. perpendi- cular fall. From thia portage to the next, which ia 100 yards, the land is low and of a scanty soil with some hills in the background, and the tim- ber is chiefly tamaraclc, white birch and pine, ■ome cedar and red spruce. From the last-men- tioned portage to a stiff rapid, impassable except for light canoes, the r. is very winding and nar- row ; the land, though still low, is of a better description, and is susceptible of cultivation. — A little higher up is the lalce called the Little Wa- Sgamacke, which is 26 m. from the mouth of the istonais: it is surrounded by gentle swells, tim- bered chiefly with fir, spruce and pine, growing on a sandy soil Its greatest length is about 4j m. and its breadth 2. Near this l. is a very long and rough portage, extending 1^ m., and traversing a broken, rugged tract, timbered with balsam, pine, poplar, fir and spruce. This portage leads to a small lake that empties its waters into the L. Wayagamackc. Higher up is the 7th port- age, which is 135 yards long, and reaches the bor- ders o( Long Lake, which is nearly Sj- m. in length, und in some places about \ m. broad. The land on its borders is hilly, sandy and rocky, clothed with white birch, spruce, fir and small pine. It lies about N. s. and s. w., and at the head of it is the 8th portage, 1150 yards long. This portage leads along the elevation that borders on an extensive tamarack swamp to a small pond and the first wateis of the Bastonais River. This small pond, the bottom of which is a deep bog, is surrounded by an immense white spruce swamp, and affords a subject for geological speculation. Here are to be found a quantity of large rounded water-worn rocks near the outlet, that are heaped together on the borders of the lake and cover the land for a few yards. Bastonais, Nohth, river, rises in a leech pond nut far from the lieud waters of the n. e. branch of the Batiscnn, in the co. of Quebec, and falls into the St. IMaurice about 1^ m. above the post of La Tuque, in the co. of Portneuf. Nearly at the head of this r. is Crooked Lake, surrounded by low, swampy land, and timbered chiefly x' li ta- marack and fir. From this i>. the u. takes a n. course through land timbered with red spruce and balsam. After running through another small l. the R. improves considerably, being about 30 or 40 ft. broad in places : the banks generally low. although oocaiiaoally bold and rocky. The pre- vailing timber at this place ii red spmce, a fimwiw able indication of the nature of the niL Soon aflerwardi the ■. fbrmi a cascade of 15 ft., and \ m. lower down is a rapid, whence the current runs very swiftly to another rapid or rather caa> cade. The country here assumes a mountainous aspect; the granite rock forming the w. bonk of the R. is nearly vertical, riring to about 50 ft., the summit covered with moss, while the opposite bank is an extensive horisontal plain, stretching to the foot of the mountain that ap- proaches a cascade, where the n. contracts into a narrow channel formed by pendent cliffs, which rise about 50 ft. perpendicular. The N. Bastonais does not appear to have formed its present l>ed, which seems here to have been created by some convulsion of nature; for, though the mountains are at a distance and the country to the s. w. a horizontal plain, the river takes a sudden direction towards them and leaves the plain to follow its broken course through the mountains. Here se- veral hills, unconnected with any adjacent chain, rise out of the great plain, generally in conical shapes, and may be seen at a considerable distance. The R. having passed over a rapid, down which canoes are shot unloaded, slopes its course s. s. w. between hills over a few rapids to the head of a conriderable fall and the portage Dore, 300 yards long. — Soon after, the river contracts to a narrow channel and falls in a cascade of about 50 ft., which is divided by two islands into small chan- nels, that increase the rushing noise of the torrent as it foams with splendid effect over the rocks. The islands are covered with moss and the stinted Hr tree, while the surrounding country is gene- rally wooded with the tall red spruce, diversified by the smooth water-worn surface of the rocks in the vicinity of the fall, whose whiteness contrasts with the dark shade of the fir tree, giving an in- teresting effect^ to the scene. — A mile below Port- age Dore is Lake Kajoualwang, which is 10^ m. lung. The surrounding land is similar to that of Lake Edward. The hills do not rise to any con- siderable height and are timbered with spruce, fir, white birch and pine. The L. forms a large bay on the w., out of which runs the N. Bastonais, which penetrates the country for 60 miles and discharges itself into the St. Maurice. The ascent of the R. to Lake Kajoualwang, hitherto unex- plored, is effected by the Indians in 8 days, and the descent in 5, there lieing only 5 portages.^ BAT BAT At the mouth of this b. raj fine dor6 and pike am caught, with which the poet at La Tuqiie is amjij supplied. Batiscan, river, in the co. of Cliiini|dain, is formed by the junction of two branches, ., whose waters increase the n. e. branch of the Batiscan ; the land round this l. is moun- tainous and rocky. The next portage is 400 yds., and passes over a mountain beyond which the N. b. branch appears an insignificant stream. The ge- neral course from the n. w. to the N. e. branch, up to the last place here described, is about e. n. e. 30 miles. The latter lies very nearly on a level with the former, and, running s, through unex- plored lands, crosses the n. part of the S. of Per- thuis and joins the n. w. branch in the augmenta- tion to Grondines S. — These branches being united form the river Batiscan, which then takes a s. course and passes diagonally through the 2nd aug. to St. Anne S., and then, running through the N. w. angle of the Ist augmentation to that seignory, it enters the s. of Batiscan, where it falls into the St. Lawrence about 2 m. below the ) iii ft t BAT B A U 'ii ^' V. of Batiscan.— The Batiscan ia nearly of the same extent as the Jacques Cartier r., and the good lands on it extend at least 30 m. in a straight line from the St. Lawrence. The entrance of the Batiscan is obstructed by a sand bar, but, the water being deep, it is navigable fur several miles, when the stream becomes impeded by rapids and falls. This river affords an abundant supply of the petite moiife, a species of codfish, in catch- ing which, and in salting it for market, the in- habitants arc employed during the winter to the latter end of January. In the summer a great number of eels are caught. Batiscan, Little, is a small river that dis- charges itself into the eastern bank of the river St. Maurice, about 3 m. below the Rnt R. It couimunicntcs with the Batiscan River by 5 port- ages and 4 lakes, from which it dcrivt-s its name. The first lake of magnitude is only about 1 league from the S-t. Maurice. Batiscan, seignury, in the co. ofChamplain, has the St. Luwrence in front, the S. of Champloin and its aug. on the s. w., and Stc. Marie with the aug. to Stc. Anne on the n. k. ; its breadth is about 2 leagues and its depth 20 ; granted March 3d, 1 (S39, to the Order of Jesuits, and is now reverted to the crown. — This 8. comprises 3 parishes — St. Sta- nislas, St. Francois, and St. Genevieve; and its settlements occupy three principal concessions or ranges — one on tlie St. Lawrence, in front, and a double concession along each side of the R. Butis- cun. — The number of conceded lands or farms is 1 13. — liordcring on the St. Lawrence the land is low, but it soon obt.iins a gradual rise fur the distance of nearly 4 V leagues to the interior ; it then becomes mountainous as it gains upon the N. w. ru]gi;. The soil in the lower ports, like the adjacent seignories, is a light earth, rather sandy, covering a stratum of good clay ; but, pro- ceeding northward, the soil gets stronger and is enriched for a considerable space with fine black mould, affording many capital tracts for the growth of all kinds of grain. In the front the wood is nearly all cleared away and the land cultivated for 2 or 3 miles inward, and for rather more than 5 miles on both sides of the R. Batiscan, on which are many good settlements which appe.tr very neat and well managed. The whole of this seignory has not been explored, but, as far as it has been visited, it is found to produce excellent timber of the best kinds.— LaPetite Riviere Cham- plain, with some smaller streams, water the front, besides the Great Batiscan River, which, though rolling a much broader current, is so shallow as not to be accessible for boats higher than (j or 7 m. from its mouth. Over this r. and the Champlain are ferries, where canoes and scows are always in readi- ness on cither side fur travellers, carriages, &c. In additiun tu the main road, that crosses the .seignory, others ascend, for several miles, on eoeh side of the Batiscan and communicate with the adjacent grants. About (i miles up on the east Kide uf this river is the foundery of the same name ; it con- sists of u furnace or smelting-house, a rusting- huuse, two forges, dwelling-houses and various otlicr buildings. Tiie manufactures once carried on here were similar to those of St. Alaurice ; the original proprietors being dead, tlie works have been stopped and the establishment is abandoned and in decay. Statistical Table of the Siigmorj of Batiscan. Parishci. St.Stiinislil!! > „-., rit. Ofiiivii'vc l.'UI- St. Kriinvois 7oi ioa» 3 3 « 3 1(1 1(1 I lb IH \nmia) Af^riiMiltnr.-il l*r*NJ<)UNI.'i()Ml(l():i73l(iI)7tM), tm 17H n 2H) iiai I7^ (j!H lUiO Mli l(Ni8 5»67 iOKI OHO IkV) I4),5 rl2H Um Till'- ('(moisHlon Hii J.lmc Miirp, IftW, (iiltc piir Alon- siciir ill III FirU, i>oiir In ('oni|iui;iiii-, mix ii'vciviiils pcrcH J, Julio lf)>. IJattuhkh a la Caki'k, c. i.. St. Peter. Uattdhkm uiix Am.oi.'kttks, i'. Sagiienay r. Hai'OKT, au, river, traverses, diiignnally, the T. of Lancaster and enters the S. uf New JMgueuil at the 8. w. corner of the concession, CiMe St An- B E A B E A ifU. f/i CO 1 KHiS 267 I iUKi OHO 1 4i>* I0J2 dre, and, cutting the division-line in several places, falls into l. St. Francis at Potnte au Baudet. Baudouin, Dame, fief, v. Tilly S. Bay of GAftPE (F), v. Oaspv Bay. Bayonnb, river, in the co. of Berthicr, rises in several small streams in the extremity of the aug. to Berthicr. After the union of these streams, a little beyond Custle Hill, the Bayonne enters the aug. to Lanoraye, and, taking a 8. course, is aug- mented by other small streams near the diurch of St. Elizabeth, then turning e. it enters the S. of Bcrthier and receives a stream from above the church of St. Pierre ; it is afterwards increased by the Bonavcnture Creek that traverses the settle- ments of St. Esprit ; the Bayonne then hastens to the St. Lawrence, with which it unites its waters near the village of Bcrthier opposite Isle Castor. This R. is deep and navigable for loaded boats for 4 or 5 m. from its mouth ; higher up its naviga- tion is prevented by rapids and fulls. There arc 2 falls of l(i ft. perpendicular. The great diversity of character in the lower one is remarkable : the rock over which the river falls is of hard gray limestone in deep horieontal layers, marked here and there with small seams of quartz ; the bank, a little below the fall, is a perpendicular mass of blue and white marble, out of which runs a strung spring of most pungent acrid taste, with a stnmg bituminous smell, and immediately contiguous to this the bank if of common limestone; in shallow layers, with a dip of 6.1 degrees. Bran, a small river in the S. of Bcauhamois. BKArrK, county, in the district of Quebec, is bounded n. k. by the co. of Bellechiisse, 8. w. by part of the H. of Saint (Jilcs, by the townsliips of Broughton, Tring and part of Shcnley, to the 8. k. boundary line of the S. of Aubert Gallion, thence along the b. k. Iwundary of the Itist-mentioned S. to the n Chaudiere; thence 8. up the middle of the B. Chuudirre, and through the middle of the l. Megiintiik, to the entrance of Arnold n.; thence up that n. to the s. boundary of the province: on the N. w. by the co. of Dorchester, and h. k. by the 8. boundary of the province.— It comprises the seignories of Jolllct. Hiiint Kticnne, Sainte Marie, Siiint Joseph, ^'Hnd^e^lil, AuK-rt (Jallion, Aul>ert do risle, the town.ships of Franipton, Cranbourne, Watford, Jersey, Mnrlow, HixUirough, Spahh'ng, Ditclificiil and Woburn. and that part of Clinton, i:. of Arnold a —This co. is (W m. in length, and its avcro;,'e breudlli is 21 } ; liut at its h. extremity it is (iO Its centre is in lat. 40" n., Ion. /(> ' U.V w.— This CO., containing 1,987 iq. miles, is uneven and mountainous and abundantly watered by numerous rivers and streams, the principal of which arc the Chaiidicre, du Loup and la Famine. This co. is intersected by numerous roads including the new Kennebec road, which presents a shorter and more direct communication from Quebec to Boston in the U. S. The co. of Beauce sends two members tu the provincial assembly and the place of election is alternately at Ste. Marie and St. Joseph. Slalulics. Population 10.66.1 Oliuri-hi-is 11, C. ;t 1 'unites .'i I'rfsliytfric'S !i ScIiuoIh :i Tonvints 1 N'illages 1 Grist-niillB 8 Saw-milU 39 ('iinliiijr.niillfi .1 FulliuK-niili.s ij 'I'linnorit's 2 Potteiios ^ PotSdluTifR I Mfdii'al men 'i Slio|iki'P|KTS It Noturii's 7 I'livcrnH 1 1 ArtisHiig U!) Anaiinl AgrlcullHral Pralmr. VVlicat ( )ut» Itiirloy I'otutcH-a Buihcli. lll,.«)0 Buihelt. IVas 2^,%l llye 510 Buck wheat 600 nuaheli. Indian corn '.^,010 Mu|)le KUftur cwts. 1,9.'« Live Slixk. 1 lonirs 0.xin :^,t^■'>\ t'ows 3,mi 2,171 1 8lieei> l»,8UH Swine 5,97« BEAI7HARNOI8, county, in the district of Mont- real, is bounded n. k. by the co. of Laprairie, n. w. by the H. St. Lawrence, and a. and s. w. by the southern boundary of the province, and includes tlic Grande Isle and all the islands nearest to the CO., which in whole or in part front it. It com- prises the S. of Beauharnois and the townships of Ilemniingford, Ilinchinbrook and Godmanchester, ond the tract of Indian lands to the west thereof, extending to the Indian village of Saint Hegis, in- clusively, on the 8. boundary of the province. — The length of this co. is CtCt m. and its breadth 22, and it contains "JU) sq. miles. The centre is in lut. 4.V' 10' N., Ion. 74" 5 w.— One-third of the populatiim is native Canadians and two-thirds Scotch, Irish, Americans and Indians. — It con- tains several pari,slies and (lourishing villngcR, of which the principal are Heauharnois, St. Hegis and Dundee. — The principal rivers are the Clin- teaguttv, which traverses the entire ccninty, En- glish Hivcr, Oiitardcs, Norton Creek and Jlhuk Hiver. — This triangular section of the province commands c sheep, yielding, on an average, 2 lb. of W(M)1 each, and 1 lb. being reijuired to make 1 ell of r/ojf'r ihi j,ni/.i (the coiiunon grey ehith) iiro(luce;irt of the district of Montreal will attract the attention of traders and cultivators, and vie, in a tew years, with most others of the province in population and agricul- ture. — The following bays, points, &c. are in Heauhamois Channel, in front of the S. — \'\t. Do- niaiuc (hi Huisson. I'ointc aux Kralilis, Hapiiic du itoiileau, Rapidc Croche, Knight's Island, Les Fauiillis (a rapid), IIuii;;iy May, and Cartier's Point. — F^anrc lu'c Brown, Kmj , to whom the au- thor is indelited for vuiuulile inf'orniatiuii, i.n the resident agent. V B E A U H A R N O I S. The Divuions, Concetnons, number of Lands m Concession and their superficial extent, number of Pro- prietors and their national extraction, and the quality of the soil, in the Seigniory of Beauharnois, in March, 1828, uiere as follow : — n 1 a Arpcns. § S p Number of Pronrieton, and their na- tional extraction. TowDihIr, or Diviiion of the Seigniory ind Conceuloiu. i 7. «uaUtyofSoU,&c. (Uan, Knu- li>IV. >ci>ts. IrUh. .\me- rican. Tot. Ann's town. Concessioni of Lake St T The CoDceuionii lying on the Lake St. Louii and River Chateauguay are occupieil Louis, Chateauguay R. > and La Bcauce J Grand Marais 3 95 2+ 7993 1927 128 41 ; 2 1 1 130 43 by good habitant, with coinfartabte houses. The land produces excellent wheat : titat in the Beaucn, though generally of a light soil, ■ yields good crups, and seems very (avoura- ble for the cultivation of hops. The Umnd Mttralt lands are excellent. I'he oihert'on- erssioni being recently made show but little progress. The soil is various. • cote St. George . • C6te St. Laurent . ;«75 I4IH 34 12 ■ 2 , 31 14 • River St. Louis • IH 1810 23 • • 2 • 25 Mary's town. ■» The front of Ihe Ist f 'oneession is stony, but gradually improves to the rear; and In the3i, a.l, and 4th t'oncessionii the soil is Ist, 2d and 3d Concessions 56 6420 69 . . . 69 4th ditto 12 1150 12 . . . 12 »of the best quality. These lands are occu- • 5th ditto 9 762 9 . . 9 pied by wealthy inhabitants, with good stone nouses and substantial barns. The remain- der la good land. • 6th ditto 22 2013 17 1 2 • 20 Helen's town. \ The extremities of these Concessions are Ist Conresoiun U ditto . 61 44 6241 4365 83 82 ' • . &3 82 f excellent; the middle is rather stony, but r well adapted for sheen pasture and orchards. ) The Ist Concession li well built. Catherine's town. '\ These lands are of superior nualily and f verv nro4luctIve. The Orantie Ih is most > vsluable, for the country does not afford 4 better land. The tie aiu- ChaU makes a Ist Concession 24 2070 38 , • 38 Grande He . 28 1700 36 • • • 36 He aux Chats 1 180 • • • 1 1 J beauUful farm. North George town. Ist Concession 43 4762 27 1 25 2 55 The soil in this division Is good through- • C6te St Laurent • • River St Louis • 9 5 890 528 7 4 2 1 9 5 . out, and the part occupied by the Lowland Scotch is cultivated iu a superior manner. The 1st Conceasinn Is one of the most Ohm's town. 1st Concession 4« 5198 3 6 20 20 • 49 flourishing settlements in the province; and the lands being altogether of the best nuallty. and in the hands of respectable ' British farmers, are cultivattHi atvording to •8d ditto 48 4800 7 26 13 , 46 •3d ditto 48 4800 1 6 25 8 • 40 the most approved system of agriculture. In the ad aud 3d Cunuessioua the soil is good. William's town. Front Concession • 58 5896 71 . , 71 Sturgeon Iliver Concession Ist Concession 25 1219 31. • . .34 This township contains every variety of soil : much of it Is however of good ((uality, .'i3 a'i5l .35 15 > 50 and no part ofit unfit for agricoltural pur- poses. Thel'oncesslons on tlie lleach Knigr 8d ditto . 33 3.'J51 27 16 , 43 3d ditto . 33 3351 34 12 . 46 ^nnd ICnglish River exhibit the greatest im- provement as British settlements t those in Beach KidKe • 42 4092 2 28 8 4 42 the 1st Concession and tm the Hiver Cha- * Bean Uiver Norton Creek 83 8 7034 .■MM 78 4 6 3 1 84 8 te.iuguay and .sturgeon Uiver are the most Hounihing Canadian settlements. English River 98 9361 41 4 40 25 1 111 EuWAHD'g TOWN. 1 Much of the land in this division is of Norton Creek 66 6532 8 12 4 21 16 61 >inrerlor quality) the best ofit IswcUcul- English River 21 1941 2 2 13 1 1 19 1 tivatcd and improving rapidly. South (ieorgu town. ) The soil in this division U of a middling Ist Concession 4(i 4205 5 2 29 1 1 38 V nunlily. generally of a light clay ot sandy. • English River 25 2300 3 1 10 9 . .23 V Settlement is advancing. Jamivs' town. f Much like the former township, but with It greater proportion of good land. • Ist Concession • Forks of Outard River 45 16 4172 I95.'t 2 2 22 12 10 2 • 43 16 Rl'HSKI.L TOWN, The lands on the Ulack Hlverand Forks, Black River . 9 9(N) 6 . , . 2 8 fnnnetl by its conHui-m« with Ihe English Forks .... 3 .'JOl 1 River, are ^cry rivh and fertile: those in Ist and "iA Concessions,") ' * • * * .thereat are on a high stony ridge, but afford g a 110 IKNHI , , 10 , 100 110 eonsiderahle orchards. The small valleys Sections J or intervals protlucc abuiidanve of hay. Villauk of Bbauuarnoib. ' (tt 441 49 • 4 2 55 ) On the lake the soil is a strong clay i in i Ihe rear It is ufa very productive nature. *7 1162 I33H)H 1027 41 326 l3-> 131 166,3 Proprietors. 123 6 71 42 212 Noii-rcsidcnt. INIt. .')8 255 93 131 1421 Resident. * New Concessions since the census of 1820. B E A B E A Stat'ut'tci of the entire Stignioty. Pnpulfltion 7,105 Churches . 3 Curates . 2 Presbyteries 2 A'illage . 1 Corn-mills . 3 Saw-mills . 6 Pot and Pearl- ■sheries . 14 Just, of Peace 3 Medical men Sho|>kee|)ers Taverns Artisans Boats 1 8 5 29 2 ^iraiial AgrimUural Produce. Wlieat Oats Barley Buiheli. I Bunheli. 37,8110 Potatoes 1 10,0(10 29,inolPeas . 29,;»0 «>,900 i Rye . l.,500 Buthelt. Buck wheat 2,()00 Indian corn 12,000 A considerable quantity of maple sugar is made in this S. Live Stock. Horses C en 1,185 1 Cows . 2,1741 Sheep 2,862 I Swine 4,3901 4,890 r»fr.— Concession du 12me Avril, 1729, faite par sn Wajestfe au Sieur Charles Atarquli de Beauhanwh, et au Sicur Claude de Bcauharmit de Beaumont son frere, de six lifues de front sur nix llcucs do profondcur, Nord-est et Sud-ouest ; joignant la Seigncurie de Chateaii^ny le long du fleuve St. Laurent, nvec les isles et islets adjuccntes. tnilnuatiotti du Cornell Supirleur, letlre V. folio 129. Beaujbit, ti. La Colle, 8. Beaumont, Seignory and Augmentation, in the CO. of Bellechasse, lies between Vincennes and La Durantaie and is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence, and in the rear by St. Gervais; its breadth is | league, its depth 1^ — Granted Nov. 3d, 1072, to Sieur dcs Islets de Beaumont; the augmentation, April 10th,1713, to Sieur de Beau- mont and is of the same dimensions as the ori- ginal grant : they now belong to Fcrcol Roy, Esq. — The farms are 3 arpcnts in front by 40 in depth ; and the lands conceded prior to 1 "JaQ were granted on the following terms : 20 sols per front arpent by 40 in depth, one sol for quit rent, one capon, the obligation of grinding corn at the Banal mill, and with a reservation of timber for the purpose of building churches, mills, &c. — The copon is supposed to have been never demanded. — A great many of these lundliolders neglected to take a legal contract of concession, thinking that the seignior's letter would be solely sufficient to secure them in quiet possession of their londs. Some unfortunately lost their letters and others lost the copies of their contracts (the minutes of which were burnt at QueW.) After I'J.W, when their titles were required to be prtMluced, those who were unable to do so were obliged to obtain new ones, when, instead of 20 sols being required for each front aqicnt, besides the sol for quit rent, HO sols were imixiscd, ond more frequently even 40. There are, in this parish, only It or 10 persons ut moat who pay one sol only by way of quit rent, without any other rent. — This tract presents, ge- nerally, rather a light and sandy soil and rises to a considerable elevation on the bank of the river, but preserves a tolerably level surface when compared with the adjacent grants. The greater part of the seigniory and a considerable portion of the augmentation are in a flourishing state of cul- tivation. Adjacent to the St. Lawrence there re- mains little timber, but, penetrating farther into the interior, much may be found of first rate quality, Several small streams water the S. very plentifully, and the augmentation is intersected by the rivers Boyer and du Sud. The church and parsonage-house are seated on the bank of the St. Lawrence, and a grist-mill is on the Riviere du Sud. The seigniory is crossed by several roads leading into the adjacent grants. — The parish of St. Etienne de Beaumont includes the first two ranges of Beaumont and Vincennes, part of Li- vaudiere, fief Mont-a-Peine and as far w. as the habitation of Jean Boilard. Stalistics of the Parish of St. Etienne de Beaumont. Population 1009 1 Presbyteries 1 I Corn-mills . 2 Chunhes . 1 | Curates . 1 I Saw-niills . 3 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Uats Horses Oxen Uuiheli. I BuihcU. . 0,018 1 Barley . 100 . 5,IKN) I Potatoes . 8,U00 Buihtla. Peas . :i,OU) Hay tons, 7,502 Lhe Stock. 40.'« I Cows 270 I Sheep 005 1 Swine 2,004 6,055 The parish of St. Charles extends over the aug- mentation to Beaumont, and is included in the description of Livaudicre, S. Title. — Concession fiiite nu Siour Dn iileli de Bum. mottt, Ic .'inu' Novembrr, l(»72, par Jean Talon, Intendant, do la <|uiiiitit(' de torro (|iii se trouvera sur le lleuve .SV. I.aurrni, cntro le Siour Biiwl, et Mr. de la Duranlaie, sur une liciio et domic do protondour. Jii'gMre il'lnlemlanve, A'li. l,/u/io31. Aiigmrnlalion. — Coiiocssion du lOme Avril, 1713, faite pur I'/iilipjie de Itigaiid, (louvernour, et Mkhel Began, In- tendant, uu Siour (/(' Beaumont, tils, d'un terrrin non-con- c<'d( conlenunt uno liouo ot doinie en profundcur, et sur Ic front ct liirtrour do In Soi|ineiirio de Beanmunl, elltre la Soij;nourio de la linianliiie ct colle dcs liiriliers du i'icur Bhwt. Sur Ih carte ootto Soi(inoiiric est couolu'o a fpnitre lionx do priitiindour, au liiu do tuiiH lioux: I'aulrc lieu ayant i-te aprt's aoourdee uu Sieur Jean, dans le litre de' St. (iervdit, Htfziiire d'lnlendanee. No. (i, folio 31. u2 f «' Ml ■ ■ 1 1 '!!!■ B E A Bbauport, riyer, rises about 1 m. above Charl- bourg v., in the S. of Notre Dame des Anges, and winding in an k. direction falli into the St. Lawrence near the s. w. boundary of the S. of Beauiwrt. It turns the signorial mill, an oil-mill, and a grist-mill at its mouth. Bbauport, seigniory, in the co. of Quebec, bounded n. e. by the C6te de Beaupr6, a. w. by Notre Dame des Anges, in front by the St. Law- rence and in the rear by the township of Stone- ham. It is one league broad by four leagues deep. It was granted, Dec. 31, 1635, to Robert Oiffurd, Sieur dc Beanport; but by that concession its depth was limited to 1^ league ; on the 31st Mar. 1653, the other 2^ leagues were added: it is now the properly of Narcisse Duchesnay, Esq. The original concessions in this seigniory were granted prior to 1759, and each farm, extending 3 arpents in front by 30, 4(1, or 50 in depth, pays a quit rent of 40 suls and one capon for each front ar- pent. — The surface of this S. embraces a variety similar to that of the neighbouring seigniories, being intersected by ridges of dift'erent heights; between the first rise of the ground and the beach of the St. Lawrence, is a level space ranging the whole breadth of the grant, occupied as mea- dows, pastures, or gardens ; the soil is black mould intermixed with clay or marl : on this flat there are many hirge globular fragments of granite quite detached and lying loosely on the surface. Hence, penetrating farther to the interior, the soil varies considerably, almost as frequently as the inequali- ties of the land. On the front ridge, where the road pusses, are flat ledges of rock, that in some places for a considerable extent are quite bare, and in others but very superficially covered with a layer of earth ; more inward these riK'ks disap- pear and are siieeeeded by a dark mould, or a yel- lowish luam whii'h continues to the skirts of the mountains — In the front parts of the S. remains but little wood ; in the interior, however, and on the heights, the timber is of the best quality, lieech, birch, and luajile. — Tliis H is watered N. e. by the River ]M Ti//f._" (oneession du ;nme Dfrembre, lf>.35, fuite |)«r la Conipiignie a Nobctl CiffUrd, Sieur de Biaupart, de la Seih'neurie de Jhniijmrt, ecjiiteiiuiit une lieue de terre, a prendre le long de lu cotf . Iti, ,/Wio 78, anie /•'cf. 17HI, dit (|ue lu Seigneurie de Hcunpurt sVtend en front depuis larixitre de .ViYrc />»wc jum|u'iiu Sault de Moiilmorrmij.—Higiilrc d'liilrndnucc. No. 1(1 ,i 1 7, folio C5j. Braurkoard, isles, lie in the St. Lawrence, opposite to the ii]' r part of the S. of Vcrchercs Ill ■I ii IS ! ■'! ! B E C and fiefs St. Blain and Ouillodiere. Although not of great magnitude, theie isles are useful to the neighbouring seigniories for the purpose of grazing cattle and the soil is good. They lie immediately above the Isles Bouchard. Title. — " Concedees le I7rae Aoust, 1674, par le Comie lie FrmiUnac, Gouverneur, au Sieur ile Beauregard, dont I'une est audevant du bout de la Seigtieiirie dii Sieur de Vercherci, en tnontant, et les deux uutres ctant sur la ligiie qui regarde Ics isles appartenantes au Sieur de Grand- maiion." — Righlre d' Ititaidanee, Lei. D, folio 1. Beaurivaoe (F.), v. St. Giles S. Beaurivage, river, traverses the S. of St. Giles diagonally and near its n. angle leaves thatS. and enters Lauzon, where it receives the Ruisseau Gosselin and the Riviere Rouge, and, meandering in its approach to the church of St. Anne, passes afterwards through unconceded lands and falls into the Chaudiere at the e. extremity of fief St. Denis.' This river is in no place navigable; its fall is very considerable and its current, in spring and autumn, very powerful. In the heat of sum- mer the waters are very low and sometimes insuf- ficient to drive a grist-mill of one pair of stones : in the upper part of St. Giles S. the bed of the river is principally solid rock. Beavi:r Brook, runs into the R. Assome- quagan. Bbcancour, a large river, winding beautifully in a very devious course, rises in the townships of Broughton and Leeds, whence it branches into those of Inverness, Halifax, and Ireland, wliere many minor streams flowing from nu- merous small lakes fall into it. After traversing the townships of Nelson and Somerset and the fronts of Stunfold and Bulstrode, in an easterly direction, for about 40 miles, it alters its course to north-west, running about 21 miles more be- tween Aston and Alnddington and through the seigniory of Bccancour, wliere it discharges itself into the St. L.nvrence. The banks towards its source are high, steep and frequently rocky, but decrease in elevation as the u. descends. The current being embarrassed by fulls, rapids and sbouls, is navigable only at places for canoes and boats. In the broader parts are some small islands covered with fine trees, which, viewed from the banks, display the varied hues of their foliage with pleasing efi'cct. Within the limits of Be- cancoiir seigniory are two mills on this river. Isle Dorvnl, a small low isliuul, covered with under- wood, divides the mouth of the Becancour into B £ C two channels. The valley which this river waters consists generally of cultivable lands, and in many places the soil is of the first quality. The scenery on the banks of the Becancour is much admired, and near the great falls in the front of Blandford T. the river is remarkably picturesque. The fall is about 24 ft., or, comprising the cascades above, about 60 ft., and near it is a superb situation for a mill. In this river are the maskinonge, the dor6 and other excellent fish. Becancour, seigniory, in the co. of Nicolet, is hounded, s. w. by Godefroi, n. e. by fief Uutord and by the townships of Aston and Maddington in the rear. 2^ 1. in front by 2 in depth. Granted April 16, 1647, to Sieur de Becancour, and now the property of the heirs of the late Lieut. Col. Bruere, Etienne Le Blanc, Esq. and Ezekiel Hart, Esq. The lands, conceded prior to 17^0, pay a quit-rent of one livre and a capon for one arpent in front by 30 in depth, subject to the obligation of grinding com at the seignorial mill, the right of pre-emption, droit de relrail, and a reservation as to timber. Three-fourths of the property be- longing to Mr. Le Blanc, being conceded prior to 17l)Q, are, consequently, held under these condi- tions. Much higher terms are now demanded for the unconceded lands. — Towards the St. Law- rence the S. is flat and of an excellent and exu- berant soil, producing good hemp and flax. — The timber is not much entitled to notice, the lowlands affording none but of the most inferior sorts, and the higher situations only beech, maple, birch and a little pine. — Three-fourths of the S. are in cultivation, and several of the farms ex- hibit a high state of improvement ; the best are on the St Lawrence, and on each side of the rivers Becancour and Blanche. Besides these rivers, this S. is watered by the Godefroi, Lake St. Paul and Lac aux Oiitardes. — The main road along the St. Lawrence crosses the r. Becancour just above Isle Dorval, and tu'o others lead up the river, one 'on each .side. The want of proper roads has, for many years, been a great impedi- ment to the comfort and prosperity of the inha- bitants, and has materially retarded the forma- tion of new settlements. This inconvenience has lately been in some degree obviated, and, by an act of the provincial legislature, the sum of £500 hns been grunted for the improvement of the road from Gentilly to Becancour. — From the front of the S to Three Uiveri is a ferry over the St, I. BEL BEL Lawrence. — Just aboye We Dorval and on the w. side of the B. Becancour was the hemp-miU, &c. established by government and placed under the late Mr. Campbell. The church, parsonage and a few houses surrrounding it, are situated on the B. bank of the Becancour: a short distance from which is a village of the Abenaqui Indians, consisting of a few ill-built wooden houses, or, more correctly speaking, hovels; the manners and occupations of these people are precisely similar to those of the village in St. Francois.— The parish of la Nativity de In Ste. Vierge et de St. Pierre, or Becancour parish, by virtue of a decree of the council of state, March 3, 1722, which confirmed the regulation of Sept 20, 1721, comprehends all the frontage on the St. Lawrence, extending from fief Coumoyer to fief Godefroi, including fief Dutord and all the S. of Becancour. — The fol- lowing statistical account includes the whole pa- rish, viz. the fief Dutord as well as the S. of Be- cancour. Population 8752 Churches, R.C. " Curates Wheat Outs Barley Horses Oxen 1 Statistics. Preshyteries . 1 Corn-mills . 1 Shopkeepers 1 Taverns Artisans 1 15 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buihela. I Butholt. IV.WH) Potatoes 15,000 9,909 Peus . . 4,800 300 Biuhcli. Kye . 300 Indian com 100 Live Stock. 960 1 Cows 850 1 Sheep 14201 Swine 49001 2005 Title. — " Concession du I6me Avril, 1647, faite par la Compagnie an Sieur de Bhancour, situ^ au Sud du fleuve SI, Laurent, contenaiit deux lieues et un (juart de front sur pareille profondeur; tenant du c6(f du Nord-est au fief Dulort et du cot* du Sud-ouest au fief Godefroi ,• fve devant le tleuve St. Laurent, et par derriOre les terres non concedes ; avec les isles, islets et battures qui se trouvent tant dans lu riviere de Bicaucour que dans une autre riviere appetee la riviOre St. Paul qui se dp('har)(c dans le dit fieuve."— Cu/iicri (f/fifend. I(» d 17,/o/ 27' n. Ion. 70^ 25' w. and it contains 581 sq. m. and seven parishes. Its extreme breadth on the St. Law- rence is 19 m , its average breadth 1 7 m., and its average depth 35 m. — This co. sends two mem- bers to the provincial parliament, and the places of election are St. Vallier and St. Oervais — The surface is uneven and in many places, particularly in the rear, mountainous ; the soil nevertheless is susceptible of cultivation and produces abundance of good timber. — It is watered by the rivers du Sud, Boyer, Bellechasse, and their several branches, be- sides numerous other streams that fall into the St. Lawrence. In the front of the co. is a chain of flourishing and interesting settlements. The population consists entirely of French Canadians. Population 14,965 Churches, K. C. 8 Curates Presbyteries Convents . Schools Villiiges Statistics. Grist mills . Saw mills . Curding mills Fulling mills Tanneries . Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisuns River-craft Tonna^'e . Keel-boats 33 21 130 2 'M 7 Annual Agricultural Produce, Wheat Oats Barley Rye Butheli. 100,818 82.300 11,720 2,585 Buckwheat 2,5(JO Bushels. Indian com 910 Mixed grain .'}, 105 Peas . 17,530 Potatoes 235,534 Live Stock, Hay tons, 46,508 Cwu. Max . . :m Butter . 4,787 Maple sugur .)(i8 Horses . 5,.'i94| Cows . 8,552 1 Swine . 17,354 Oxen . 4,202 1 Sheep . 41,7801 Etofle du pays . 50,150 Domcrtic Maimfacturei Elli. Ells. Flunnel, &c. 40,000 Ells. Linen . 3U,IMJ0 Looms 601 Belleciiabbe, river, rises in the S. of St. Michel, in the co. of Bellechasse, and, traversing the adjoining S. of St. Vallier to its n. e. corner, falls into the St. Lawrence. Belle Fleub, river, falls into the Sagucnay below Ha Ha bay and is 66 ft. wide. At its mouth is a valley of very good, cultivable ground, C; I w Mr f h BEL containing 15 or 16 acres, behind which are rocks tliat rise in gradations. Bbllbislb, river, rises in the S. of Descham- bault, and, running a., cuts off the s. b. angle of the S. of La Chevrotiere, and runs into the n. side of the St. Lawrence. — v. Dbschaubault, s. Brllb Rivierb, called by the Indians Kuah- pahigan, " a place which is ascended," runs into the 8. B. side of lake St. John. At its mouth, called Kouispigm, the land on both sides forms a sheet of fine bright sand, but it improves gradually and rapidly as the R. is ascended. For 2 miles from its mouth the soil on both sides is an alluvial flat, extending some distance from the banks to a rising ground which keeps a parallel direction with the river ; the soil on this flat is clayey, oc- casionally exhibiting a surface of rich loam, or vegetable mould, and produces elm, ush, fir, black and yellow birch, alders, spruce, and phie. From the 2nd to the end of the 6th mile, up the stream, the R. is deep and rapid, the banks occasionally bold, the land in many places excellent, and the timber is elm, spruce, black, white, and yellow birch, ash, poplar, pine, and balsam with some cedar and alder. The r. then, at the lower land- ing of a portage, is contracted to about 10 yards; the rushing waters precipitating over rocks, the wildness of the surrounding scenery and the cliffs, 7^ ft. in height, impending over the basin and river, form a very interesting and picturesque cascade with a good site for a mill. Here the portage is upon the n. bank and is \ m. long, lead- ing over a very high hill, where the land is again level to the upper landing at the head of another full of about 20 ft. high, making the difference of elevation altogether between 50 and ()0 ft. Here the land is of good quality, composed of a dark argillaceous loam beneath a rich vegetable mould; the varieties of timber ore red spruce, ash, balsam, black and white birch, cedar, elm, red and white pine. This description of land forms the leading feature of the country along the banks of the Belle Riv. to the r. des Aulnais, about 2 J m. above the portage; the general course of the R. is 8. k. Here the Belle Riviere forms a large basin, in the centre of which is an island of excellent land. The river enters this basin at the ». e. end, with a cascade of 10 feet, falling through a narrow con- traction not exceeding 2 or !1 yards at most. On the N. E. side of tlie basin the r. des Aulnuis BEL enters with a gentle current. For about 3 m. higher up the Belle Riviere the land is more broken and hilly, rising in some places nearly 100 feet above the bed of the river, whose general course is from the basin about s. s. w., and is not less than 30 yards wide. In the vicinity of the small streams, that flow into the main river, are some valuable beds of blue soft marl and frequently much clay forming the sides or slopes of the hills. The timber on their bunks is ash, elm, fir, and balsam, and, for a few miles in tlie interior, spruce, pine, balsam, and birch, and the Lmd is of arable quality. — This R. is navigable for large bat- teaux for many leagues, and further on for bark canoes. Beli.evuk, fief, lies between the S.S. of Ver- cheres and Contreeoeur in the co. of Vercheres. It is bounded by Coumoyer in the rear, and con- tains ^ 1. in front, by one 1. in depth. Granted 3d Nov. 1672, to Sieur de Vitre, and now belongs to Chicoine, esq. All this slip is under good cultivation but is not watered by river or stream. Tilli'.—" Concession du 3me Novembre, 1072, faite par Jean Talon Intondant, au Sieur de Vitrt, d'une demi lieue de Iroiit, Kur une lieu de profondeur, a prendre depuis te8 terros rfi' Cimlie, tetir, en reinuntuiit vers K'.- terres noii con- cedees." — Ilrgitlre d'lntnidance, iVo. 1,,/i'i :jl. Bei.o;!!,, river, rises near the rear-line of the S. of Bclceil, and, taking a n. e. course, is joined by a small stream from the n. w., running nearly parallel. It falls into the Richelieu opposite Isles au Cerf. It works a grist and saw-mill. BKLffiiL, seignory, on the N. w. of the river Richelieu, in theco. of Vercheres; isboundedw.by the S. of Chambly, b. by thai of Coumoyer, s. by the R. St. Lawrence and n. by lands stretching to the rear of the S. of Cap St. Michel and the ad- joining small fiefs, and which form an augmenta- tion to Belceil. — 2 1. in front by 1 \ deep, and the augmentation is nearly of the same superficies. — The principal grant was made, January 18, 1694, to Sieur Joseph Hertel and the accessory one, March 24, 1731, to Sieur de Longueuil. The Baroness de Longueuil is now proprietor of both. — The soil along the Riclielieu is light, but in some places it is as rich as any in the district of Montreal. Tlie undrarcd pnrts ufTord some beech, maple and birch timber but more of spruce, fir, ccdiir and inferior sorts. The n. e. part is well watered by the little R. Bclail, along the banks B E R B E R of which is a range of excellent concenions ; some smaller streams traverse the lower part and like- wise fall into the Richelieu. Various good roads lead through the S. and the main road follows the course of the R. Richelieu. The houses of the settlers, many extremely well built, are dispersed through the different concessions ; here and there a few together, but no village. The church and parsonage-house are near the Richelieu. — A few arpents, fit for cultivation, in the p. of St. Anne, are reserved in wood, which is becoming scarce. — That part of the augmentation that lies at the rear of the S. of Varennes is settled, but the parts abutting on the rear of la Trinite and St. Michel are still covered with wood. — In this S. are 260 families. The most flourishing settle* ments are in the first three ranges on the r. Riche- lieu. Statistics, Poputation 1,788 j Presbyteries Churches, R.C. 1 i Corn mills Curates 1 1 Tanneries Shopkeepers 1 Taverns 1 Artisans 12 Wheat Data Barley Rye Horses Oxen Annual Agricultural Produce. Bushels Uushelt. i Bushels. 31,200 Indian corn 23U 1 Mixed grain 3,000 Pens 15,600 Maple sugar, Potatoes 46,000 i cwts. 36 20,800 15,600 2,000 Live Stock. 8051 690 1 Cows Sheep 1,610 4,600 Swine 1,050 Title. — " Concession du 18nie Janvier, 1694, faite par Loiiit de Buttde, Guuvemeur, et y«00 260 72001280(1 3MH) 2»iO 1200,5200 UK) IMKN) 300| 1 22 JO LiTu MocK. 390(290 «o|«o I 1(15.) 76t)0 1 \Mi rif/i-.— ■' CoiiresKion du ii7nie Avril, 1074, faite h Mr, liiitlikr, de troiu i|iuirtH de lietie on enviriiii de fruiit mir deux lieueH de protoiideur, it prendre Hur le tieuve SI. Lnu- mil, demiiK la roneemiian du Sieur ItamliH en deirenilant, jii'nHi'i lu livure Chicot i ennernlile unc Isle d'une lieuc en HHiK-rlicie^'tant hu deitsuuHet iiii^nHnt prei«|Uel'iHlei}iiHi/fii, viN-u-viN Vlilf Diiimi i nUMni ]'Mv qui ent uu bout d'en Iwii de Vlile »M Cutlor, uceordec- A Mr. Uilhiir, le 2j Mum, l()7.> — 0\\ leH deux roueeKnionH mint Hceiirdces par un Heul titre. (Jiiliier* d'Intend. wliere both tlu-He eoneen- "iuuK are Kraiiteil by iine title." — Hijiitliv do Foi cl Jlum- iiwgi; Xo. », folio .tH, I- 'Ulinf Jtwvlir, I7HI. .Hngmnilaliim. — '• ('iiMreHHioMdu3lnie Dt'eembre, I7.'H, Cuile pur Vharlii Mmjiih ilc Biniihiiiuoii, (iiiuverneur, et tiUht llueijiitiil. Inleiuliint, uu Sieur Plcrn' VKlngi; de (Klin lieuen de terre de front, iii telle ipiantiti' Hetrimve iiiire la lijfne ipii m'liare le liel'de Ihmlii d'avee eehii el- devant appele de roHi/ior*^ (iiujiHird'liui AhI a dispute huviiig arisen between the pro- prietors of Uic and Riinmiski, it wui« determined by the Court of Common Pleas that the middle ol the cnilwuchure of the river Ilatte should be the boundary between the two seigniories. — This .S. hiks a few settlers on the coast only, but none on the new roud that tmvcrses tliis 8. fnnn Trois Pistolles to ISIiti,H. The surfiue of tliis S. is very uneven and mountainous; the lii^li lUDimtuins i>t Bie und ('np I'Original arc ronspicuoui olijects to the voyager as he sails up the St. Luwnnce — The iK'st land of this 8. lies in tlie rear raiif;i« und in the intervals Ivtween the roi-ky ridges thai lie parallel with the 8t. Lawrence. The gcnemi in BIZ qualities of the land and timber are similar to those of the Rimouski portage, which lies con- tiguous. In the Bay of Bic small craft can lie completely land-loclced and on its borders are a few settlers. The adjacent low lands produce fine hay ; the high lands are rocky and the soil light and stony. Slalislics. Population Com-miUs OO Saw-mills . 1 Keel boats . 2 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buihela. Buihcli. Wheat . 52 Barley . 4 Peas Oats . 10 : Rye . 100 PoUtoes Butheli. . 16 . 00 Live Stock. Horses Oxen 86 Cows . 40 5J9 Sheep . 120 Swine . 57 Title, — " Concession du Gme Mai, 1675, faite par Louii ik Buade, Gouverneur, au Sieur de Vitre, de deux lieues dc front, le long du flcuve St. Laurent, du c6t^ du Sud, ft prendre du milieu de lalargcur dc la rivitre appelr Mitii, et qui g'appellera dorrnavant la riviere en montant le dit tteuve, et deux lieues dc profondeur, ensemble I'isle du Bic qui est vis-a-vis.— £n 1771', dispute s'ptant /'levre untre les propri^taires du Bic et de ttimouiky, la Cour des Plaidoiers Communs rcndit un jugement, confirm^ en appel en 1778, qui d^tcrinina, que le milieu de I'cmbou- enure de la riviere Hatti seroit la borne entrc les dites deux seigncuries."— /nWnnafiont du Conieil Supirirur, let. li. folio 14. Bincii Ihland, v. St. Maurice, r. Biro Mountain, v. St. Mauhick, r. BiZARO, isle, is separated from the h. w. end of Isle Jesus by the R. des Prairies. It is nearly of an oval form, rather more than 4 m. long by 2 broad. — No records relative to this property have been preserved in the secretariat of the province ; but wlien the present owner, Pierre Foretier, Esq., did fealty and homage on the 3d February, 1701, lie exhibited proof of its having been granted on the 24th and 2.')th of October, l«i78, to the Sicur Bisard.— It is a sjwt of great fertility, wholly cleared and cultivated. — A good road passes all round it, near the river St. Lawrence, and anotlicr crosses it about the middle : by the sides of these roads the houses are tolerably numerous but there is neither village, church, nor mill. — Population Wheat Oats Horses Oxiu Annual Agricultural Produce. Iluihrli. I nuilii'li I 2,.V^» Ikrl.'V . ».'> l'ea« I VMH) Pululuvs 1U,()02| All r Stock. 216 C'o\\s 2 It) !$heep 'kl5 Sh ino I»j0 Uiuli»U. . 700 320 B L A Title.—" Concession du 24me et 25me Octobre, 1678> faite }>ar le Comie ie Frontenac, Gouverneur, et Duchet- neau, Intendant, au Sieur Bixard, de lisle Bonavcniure (Bisard) ensemble les isles, &e. adjacentes."— ilejri**'* dciFoi et Ilommage, Xo. IH, folio 90, le 3in« Fevrier, 1781. Cahiert d'lntendance, Nu. 4i, folio 141. Black Bay, v. Onslow, t. Black Bay, t;. Lochaber Gore. Black Lake, t;. Ireland, t. Black River, in the co. of Saguenay, runs through a very extensive and fertile tract of level land, the greater part of which is on the King's Post side of the river, and on which about 200 families might gain a comfortable subsistence. — This R. falls into the n. side of the St. Lawrence, opposite Hare Island and about 20 m. above the R. Saguenay. It forms the n. e. boundary of the S. of Mount Murray. Black River, v. Manicoiaoan. Blainville (S.), v. Millk Isles. Blairfindir (P. and v.), v. Lonuueuil, b. Blanche, Grande Riviere, in the co. of Ot- tawa, rises far in the interior and, traversing the eastern quarter of Portland, runs through part of Buckingham and entering Templeton, between the 7th and 8th ranges, winds most singularly upon that line as far as lot No. 11. Thence it runs 8. to the division-line between the 1st and 2d ranges, and, winding ic. through the 2d range, discharges itself at lot No. 3 into an arm of the Ottawa, which connects that river with one of the ponds. It is about 130 ft. wide and is navigable for bateaux in the spring about 15 miles; it then becomes rapid ; its course is about 100 miles, and it is well stocked with iish. — Certain lumber dealers have destroyed the bridge, which had been built over the River Blanche, for the purpose of floating their rafts with more facility down that river into the Ottawa. Blanche, Petite Riviere, rises in the high lands of BiirVinghain, in the rear of the 5th range, winding n. w. it enters Templeton, where it winds transversely through the two front ranges, then re-entering Buekinghum, at the a. w. ex- tremity of the T., it falls into the Ottawa. Blanche, river, copiously waters the t. of Lochaber and its 3 principal branches unite ra- ther more than 1 m. from its junction with the Ottawa, in the centre of the fnmt of the t. — It is about l!H>ft. wide and is navigable f>r bateaux in spring only, for ulxiut 5 or m. from its mouth. It is well stocked xvitli fish. B L A B L O Blanooe, river, ri«c» in the rear of Kildare t. and enters the 3d range of Ruwdon, where it joins the N. R. branch of the Rivic-re Rouge. Blandford, township, in the co. of Nicolet, is bounded s. e. by the River Becancour, n. w. by Maddington and Gcntilly, N. by Livrard, and N. E. by the aug. to Deachaillons — This t. was erected, by letters patent, in 1823, and contains 54,131 acres.— There are 13 ranges of concessions subdivided into 214 regular and 72 irregular Jots. — The principal grantees of the crown are Louis Lagueux, Jean Langevin and Charles Langevin, £8qrs.,&c. — The land is generally level with many savannas and the soil, for the most part, good. — The soft wood consists of fir, spruce, pine, sapin, cedar, wild cherry, ash, maple, alder, elm, white wood, walnut, &c. — There are some hills, from 30 to 40 ft. in height, running from N. s. to s. w. This T. i« watered by the Gentilly, the Little du Chene, lake St. Louis, lake St. Eustache, and many smaller lakes. In all of them there b fish. — The grunt of this township being so recent there is no road, except a good winter road from Gentilly to the river Becancour, 15 miles in length, which traverses the township ; a branch of this road, 4 or 5 miles long, leads to St. Pierre ; there is also a similar communication between Gcntilly and the river Becancour, run- ning between Hlandford and Mu'' 'ington, from 12 to 13 miles in length. — About (iOO acres have been cleared, a saw-mill erected, and a patent hand-mill for grinding com, imported from Eng- land by the principal proprietors, the great utility of which has already been experienced by the in- habitants of this and the neighbouring townships. —The price of labour is Hit. (U. a day without IxMrd, and \s. fU. with board. — Much of the land in this T. is, probably, adapted to the cultivation of hemp and (lax. — Tliere are about fifty or sixty settlers on the crown lands along the river lic- cancour, six leagues from the St Lawrence. The prinripnl grantees of lilandford have e.spended iiliout 2a0/. on the promotion of settlements, and pving them means of conimuniiation, but nil that I10.H been thereby attained is a winter road of no me in Kiimmer. The settlements and clearings along the river Beiumour have extended con- siderably, and the only check wliich restrains the youth of the ncighlxniriiig seigniories, who are in unnt of land to form settleiiiciits, from coming forward, is the want of a communication with the settlements in the seigniories. Animalt and Poultry in Bhndjbrd. Horses . 7 Heifers and Sheep . . 14 Bulls . . 8 calves 10 Hens . . IJG Oxen . . M Pigs . n Uucks . . + Cows . . 27 Bleurik, river, rises in a lake in the S. of De Lery and running a. falls into Jackson's Creek, nearly opposite Isle aux Noix in the R. Richelieu. Blrurib, seigniory, in the eo. of Rouville, is bounded N. e. by the SS. of East Chambly and Monnoir, s. by the S. of Sabrevois, and w, by the river Richelieu. — Granted, Nov. 30, 17^0, to Sicur Sabrevois de Bleurie and is now the pro- perty of Gen. Christie Burton. — According to the terms of the original grant it ought to be 3 1. in front by 3 in depth ; but as the grants of the adjoining seigniories are of a prior date, and us such an extent could not be taken without in- fringement upon others, it now forms u triangular space of much less superficial extent. Although lying generally low, with large swamps in many places, there arc some tracts of very good land and also some fine timber ; the spots that are cul- tivated lie chiefly upon the Richelieu, and bear but a small proportion to the whole. — A new road, called the Bedford Turnpike, crossing it diagonally to the river, opposite Fort St. Jolin, has been traced and measured in the field and is now proceeding upon. A joint company has un- dertaken it and obtained an act of the provincial parliament for the purpose: when completed it will greatly enhance the value of this and tlie other properties through which it passes, l)y open- ing n shorter communication with Montreal and by rendering the intercourse with distant places much more easy. Tllli:—>' ('oticcKHioii (III aOmc Oct. 17.j<), fuitc jiflr li' Miiri|iiiii ik lu Jumiuiiri; (ioiivernt'iir, ct Fran^nli Uiti'l, Iiiti'iidant, nil Siriir Sahrrvoh de Blfuri, Ae triiix lit'iit'* (!<■ tiTrt' di' t'ritiit siir troi* liciios Av iirol'oiidt'iir, li- lon^ Av In riviiTc Vhamhlti, liorii/'e du cbik du Nord iwr In Sci);tu'iirie du Sii-ur llcrtel, ct sur la inemu ligiici du HiU- du Slid h troix lifucn du la ditf Sfinnrurif jinr iinc liKiii' tir6i' E»t i"( ( )iii'st du inoiidc ; *ur li- di'vniit pur In rivk^if Chamhlii vt Kur la |iri)fiitidi'ur A trolx IUmipk jiiiK'liooU . 4 Cnrii.niills . 1 Suw-inillH . ^ Fotiislii'ries . a PourlHsheries 3 Shopkeepers . 8 Tttvenis . 2 Artisans . 11 .■iMHiia! Jgrkiiltiiral Produce. Whvnt . IJalluy . Buihcli. l.'i,44Nl l,jllll Buihrli, TCHK . 3,UNI lluik-wbfBt aW» ri"* Stock. Buihelt, Indian com *,\iW Potatoes )iU,UUU Ilorocs Oxoii . (ilO Cows , (Nil Swine . GOj Bonaventcrk, county, in the inferior district ofOaspc, is bounded e. and N. by the co. of Oaspf, and consists of such part of the inferior district of BON Oasp^ as is included between the co. of Gaspe and the district of Quebec, including all the islands in front thereof, in whole or in part, nearest to the CO., which comprises the Seigniory of Shoolbred, the Indian Village of Mission and the settlements above and below the same on the north of the river Ristigouche, the townships or settlements of Carlton, Muria, Richmond, Hamilton including Bonaventure, Cox including the town of New Carlisle, ^'ope including Paspebiac, La Nouvelle and Port Daniel. — The length of this co. in front is 166 m., its greatest depth 47, and its narrowest part, at Seminac river, is 21, and it contains 4014 sq. m. — The centre on the r. Ristigouche is in lat. 48" 3' N., Ion. 66" 3.5' w.— It sends one mem- ber to the provincial parliament and the places of election are Richmond and Hope. — The popula- tion is a mixture of Arcadians, Snglish, Irish, Scotch and Canadians. — The extensive front of this CO. stretching from Point Macquereau on the r. to the Cross near the rise of the s. branch of the R. Wagansis on the w., affords considerable advantages : the bey of Chaleurs and the r. Ri- stigouche, with the numerous bays and coves with which they are indented, supply numerous and productive cod-fisheries, for which the d. of Oasp^ is particularly noted. — There is much land in this CO. well adapted for the cultivation of grain in general and also for hemp and flax. — The land on the Bay of Chaleurs, from Port Daniel to New Richmond, a distance of more than fifty miles, extending, on an average, two miles inland, is a rich soil consisting of red clay covered with a thick coating of vegetable mould, easy of culti- vation and producing the finest crops. The tim- ber upon it is black birch and maple, interspersed with white birch of large growth, pine, spruce, fir and white cedar. On the Ristigouche are some fine spots of meadow and interval lands.— The settlers have cleared, upon an average, about 15 acres upon their lots, which consist of 100 acres upon a front of 3 acres ; the old French custom. The lots ill the proposed new townships are "". rected to be laid ofi' in farms of 105 acres upon fronts of 20 chains, which is considered a very great improvement. Towards the front the lands are generally low and gradually rise to the high table land, that spreads over the interior of the pc.iinsula formed by the St. Lawrence and Cha- leurs Buy, From this high land descend the f -4 I 1 BON rivers that faU into the St. Lawrence and the bays of Gaspe and Chaleurs. This part of the interior, however, has never been explored ; our knowledge of it is founded on the reports of In- dians and hunters. — This co. is abundantly wa- tered by numerous rivers : the principal are the RistiROiirhe iVlHtu|ieiliucli Greut Casrai>on!.ic Little Ciiiicaiiediac lldiiavciiture (ircat NmiTelle Little Nouvelle East Nouvelle Seminac Mi8toiie OudiminRoushout Guummitz Pscudy Wcinbrook ({rest Wapansis Little VVagaiisis. The principal bays, &c, in the front arc Port Daniel Larfier Nouvelle New Ciirlisle Hurboiir l'as|ii'biae Cove liuiiaveiiture Harbour Buy of (jood Kortiiiic niaek Cove ( '4isea|>eiliac 13«y Hiehmond Harbour Traquadii.'aeh Bay Carletoii U:isiii Hisiijfoucbe Bay. The timber is tolerably good, with large quan- tities of pine fit for masting merchant vessels, but too small for ships of the line — The only road of communication is along the front, and its improve- ment has been advanced by the judicious expendi- ture of a sum of money voted by the colonial le- gislature for that purpose. Much benefit will arise to this co. and the whole district of Gaspc from tlie continuation of Kempt Road, which runs from the Kistigouche, along the Matapcdiach river nnd lake, mid extends to the N. bank of the St. Lawrence through the S. of Mitis. As this road joins the former, a communication is thus oiiened from Quebec, viii Mitis, to Douglass town on the shore of Oaspe Bay. Statistics of the County of Bonaventure, Population .'>l 10 CburcheK, a. C. 10 Presbyteries '.i Curates . I Toniiii 1 Court-houses I Gaols . I A'illuRes . 2 Houses in do. lUH Juit. of peace H Sliupkecperg 19 ArUsuns . .'il. Bivcr-cruft tf) Tonna(ers Kitia- Uriac, et une lieue et deniic de I'autre au Nord-est, tirant vers Piufdhiac, sur ijuatre lieucg de profondcur, aver Ics isles, i lets ot Ijatturos (jiii se trouvcroiit dans la dite eten- due ; le tout sitiie dunx le fund de la Hale dci Chaleurt."— Hfgittrc if liitemhinie. No. 5,fvlio M-, Bonaventure (V.), t'. Hamilton, t. BoNSRCouRs (P.), i;. Petite Nation, S. BoNSECouRB, seigniory, in the co. of L'Islct, fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded, n. ■:. by the S, of Islet, 8. w. by the S. of Vintelot and it.s augmentation and by waste lands in the rear. It is 74 arpcnts broad by 2 leagues deep. — Granted to Sieur Villeneuve, Apr. 16, 1«{7 — This S. differs but little from that of Vincelot, which joins it, in soil and timber. About one half may be under cultivation and is very well inhabited. The system of agriculture is good and well adapted to the land, which towards the river lies low, with the exception of a trifling ridge that runs ne.irly from one side to the other : in the rear it is rough and mountainous. — Some gtHxl timber, particularly pine, is produced in the back part of the grant. — It is principally watered Iiy the Bras 8t. Nicholas, the otlier streams being very insignificant. — This S- forms part of the parish of L'IsIet or Vincelot. — Under the autho- rity of the provincial parliament a road was made in 1K20, from the front road of the third concession in this S., west of the church of L'Islet, to the unconceded lands of the crown. It extends I /•> arpents »., including about 7 arpcnts in the crown F !?. BON lands. The width of the road has heen made, wherever practicable, 24 ft. wide. 49 bridges of various sizes and substantial workmanship have been constructed on this road. The total expense amounted to about £.450. The soil of the coun- try through which the road passes is generally good and fit for cultivation, with the exception of certain hills or mountains hereafter specified, vie., a high rocky hill at the beginning of the third concession, at which the road commences and over which it passes ; a high hill facing the south, at the distance of 94 arpents from the be- ginning of the road, at the foot of which the Bras Riche crosses the road ; and another hill, at the distance of 111 arpents from the beginning of the road, lying south of the Bras de Nord Est, and rising gradually towards the s. e. Tilk.—" Conoesfiion du ICme Avril, 1687, faite par Jacquci de Britay, Gouverneur, et Jean Bochari, Intend- ant, Bu Sieur VUteneuve, de la quantity de soixante et to Francois BcUanger. The banks of the n. St. Lawrence are here hign but the rise is gradual. — This S. is abundantly supplied with timber of good quality, and large quantities are annually felled for firewood and sent to the Que- liec market. — There is scarcely any water — The 8. forms part of the parish of St. Antoine. Title " ConccsBion du ler Juillet, 1677, faite par Jacqiiei Doiichemaux, Intendant, au Sieur Fran^oii BeU iKiigcr, des terres qui sont le lonsdu ileuve St. Laurent, du ci'iti- Sud, cntre relle qui appartient A la Demoiselle Gi- iieiieve CouUlard, en remontant le dit fleuve, jusqu'i celle do la Demoiselle veuve Amiutj contenant le tout une lieue et demio, on environ, de front, avec deux lieues de lirofondeur."— /Hua(ioNf du Conuil Supirieur Irtire, B, folio b». B0X8KCOUH8, seigniory in the co, of Richelieu, lies between the S. of Sorel and the river Ya- muska, having tliu S. of Yamaska for its N. e. lM)undary. Granted, August 8, 1702, to Sieur Charon and is now possessed by Mrs. Barrow. The same kind of land prevails generally through this and the adjoining seigniories, of which but a small B O U part can be deemed of superior quality. Much the largest proportion of this grant remains co- vered with natural wood; but little good tim> ber can be found, though the inferior kinds are abundant enough. Tiltc.—" Concession du 8me Aofit, 1702, faite au Sieur Cliaroii, par Hector de Coliire, Gouverneur, etJean Bochart, Intendant, de deux lieues de terre ou environ de front, siir pareille prufundeur, le long de la riviere Yamaika, icelle compris a |)rendre vis-a-vis celle accord^e au Sieur Rene fcsiret, bourgeois de \fontrial, tirant d'un cot^ A la Seig- ncurie du Sieur Petit, vt de I'autre aux hrritiers du feu Sieur Bourchcmin, avec les isles, islets, prairies et battures udjacentes." — Rigintre d'Jntendaiicc, No. b,foHo 36. Bouchards, isles, lie in front of the SS. of Verchercs and Contrecoeur, in the St. Lawrence. —Granted, Nov. 3, 1«72, to Sieur Fortel.— The largest is about 5 m. long and ^ m. broad. The land, excepting some good meadow and pasture, is covered with wood and produces some very fine timber. The soil is excellent. These isles are in the p. of St. Sulpice. Title " Concession du 'imc Novembrc, 1672, faite par Jean Tulim, Intendant, au Sieur Fortel, des isles vontenues dans Ih curte figurative que le Sieur de Becancuur a donnee et qui sont cottrcs A, reservant de disposer en faveur de qui it plaira au Roi de eelles cottrs B." — Uigiilre (Tin- tendance, No. I, folio 23. BOUCHERVILLE (F.), V. StB. MaRGUERITE, S. BoucHERViLLK, seigniory, on the s. side of the St. Lawrence, is in the co. of Chambly; bounded w. by the fief Tremblay, e. by the S. of Varennes and by Montarville in the rear. 114 arpents in front by two leagues in depth. Granted, 3d Nov. I(i72> to Sieur Boucher and now belongs to Aladame Boucherville. — The quality of the land, if not of the first class, is far above medio- crity, being for the most part a lightish mould inclining towards sand, and, with careful hus- bandry, by no means deficient in fertility. Nearly the whole is under cultivation, and generally produces very good average crops of all sorts. — The wood remaining is inconsiderable in quantity and only of inferior kinds. — Two small rivulets that full into the St. Lawrence partially water this S. towards the front, one of which works the seig- noriul mill. There is no stream in the lower part. — A main road leads from the village of Boucher- ville to the Richelieu and thence to Cliambly : several other roads, well kept up, pass through all the settled parts of the S. — All the lands in this 8. were 'conceded prior to 1759, and have been siibdividt'd among a great number of inheritors. ". I B O U B O U whose mode of concession has not been uniform, nor have their conditions, rents, &c., been equal ; for the particulars of these ditferences it would be necessary to examine the contracts of each fief. The village of Boucherville is most agreeably and conveniently seated on the bank of the river St. Lawrence : it contains from 90 to 100 houses, a church and parsonage-house, a chapel and a con- vent or rather a residence for two or three of the sisters of the congregation of Notre Dame at Mont- real, who are sent here from the chief establish- ment as missionaries for the education of females. There is likewise a school for boys. In this place many families, who still retain some of the titles of the ancient noblesse of the country, have fixed their residence and formed a society, in which much of the ceremony and etiquette that used to characterise the titled circles of the French nation is still obtiervable ; diminished indeed in splendour, but unabated in precision. Many of these re- sidents have built some very good^ooking houses, rendered rather conspicuous by forming a strong contrast with the major part of those belonging to the other inhabitants, which are by no means cal- culated to attract notice, for symmetry and pro- portion seem to have been as much set at defiance in their construction as regularity has been neg- lected in the laying out of the streets. This omis- sion, however, detracts little or nothing from the general amenity of the situation. — The drain! ig of liouchervillc Swamp, very properly, excited tae attention and public spirit of the provincial par- liament and a sum of money, sufficient for the pur- pose, was accordingly voted. The commissioners ascertained that it was the excess of water from the S. of Montarville which overilowed the swamp, and that it was impossible the water could be made to pass off through that seigniory, although it could readily do so through Varennes and Longueuil. Proper water courses therefore have been made, which, being established by law, will be of great advantage to these scigpniories ; lands of the best quality having been rendered useless by the sudden and frequent inundations which could not be prevented. The whole of the parts of Boucher- ville nnd Varennes (from the sources of the waters which run eastward) lying near Montarville and Belcpjl, are now protected against the Montarville waters, and may be cultivated with the greatest advantage; the more so because the lands are of the best quality — The parith of Boucherville comprehends all this S. and port of the S. of Mon- tarville. Statistics of the Parish of Boucherville. Population 2,800 1 Schools . 1 Churches, R. C. 1 | VillHges . 1 Curates . 1 Com.mil'.s i Presbyteries 1 ' Just, of Peace i Convents 1 Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artistins . 2 •i 2 21 Annual Agrkultural Product, Wheat Horses Oxen Buiheli. I 20,800 I Oats Buiheli. I Cwti. 18,&M) I Maple sugar 27 Live Stock. 1,206 I Cows 670 I Sheep 1,600 I Swine 5,100 I 1,310 3'i«>ii8 de front sur deux lieues de profondeur, ii prendre sur le fleuve St. Laurent, bom/'e des deux ci'it^s par le Sieur rfe Varennei ; avec les isles nominees Percecs."— Cottiers tTIntendauce, No. i, folio XXi. BoUCHBTTE (L.), r. OlTIATCHOUAN, R. BoucHETTE (L ), t;. Chatham, t. BouLEAU (R.)> t^. White Birch, r. BouLBAUx, Petite aux, v. Saouenay, r. BouRCHBHiN, seigniory, in the co. of Richelieu, is bounded s. w. by the SS. of St. Hyacinthc and St. Ours, by St. Charles, Yamaska, andde Ramsay N. R., and by Sorel n. w. — 1 ^ 1. in breadth on each side of the river Yamaska, and 3 1. in depth. Granted, 22d June, 1095, tn Sieur Jacques Fran- cois Bourchemin and is now the property of Mrs. Barrow. — The part intersected by the Yamaska is better settled than the neighbouring seignories, but cultivation has not made a very favourable progress and there is much woodland. Title. — " Concession du 22me Juin, 1695, faite pnr Loiiit de Buade, Gouverneur, et Jean Bocftart, Intendaiit, an Sieur Jacguet Franfoit Bourcliemin, d'unc lieue et demie de terre de front de chaque cotr du la riviere Ymnuiku, icelle comprise, k prendre une demi lieue au-dessous du ruisseau dit Satvai/le, et une lieue au dessus, en lieu non- conr/^d^, sur pareille profondeur, courant Nurd-oiicst et Siid-cst, avrc les isles islets et prairies adjacetites." — Hi. giitrc d'Intendance, No. i,Jblio 27. Bourdon, Isle, opposite the mouth of the r. L'Assoraption, was once remarkable for un ele- gant bridge erected by — Portcus, Esij. over the n. des Prairies, and which extended from the S. of L'Assomption across this isle to Bout de I'lsle at the N. E. extremity of the island of Mont- real. This bridge was shortly after its erection f2 *■ II li' B O U carried away by the waters and ice in the river, after the breaking up of the frost in the spring. Tiltc. — " Concession du Sine Novemhre, 1672, faite par Jean Talon, Intendant, k Mr. de Repentignji, des deux isles dites Bourdon." — R6gUtre d'InUndance, JVo. I, folio 6. B0UROLOUI8, seigniory, in the co. of Portneuf and in the rear of Puinte aux Trembles, is bounded 8. w. by D'Auteuil, n. k. by Faussembault, and ill the rear by waste lands.— 21- leagues in front by 3 in depth. Granted, May 14, 1741, to Sieur Louis Furnel. This grant still remains in its na- tural state and no part is cultivated, although the soil is tolerably good, especially on the r. St. Anne, being principally a strong loam. — The tim- I)cr is various and ash, beech, birch, pine, and innplc are found of good quality and large di- mensions. — It is watered by the river Ste. Anne towards the rear and by many small streams which rise in the mountains s. of that river and fall into the Portneuf. Title. — " Concession du 14me May, 1741, faite par le Marquit dc Beaiihamoit, Gouvemeur, et Gillei Ilocguart, Intendant, au bieur Loiiit Fornel, de deux lieues et trois ijiiarts, ou environ, dc terre, gur trois lieues de prof'ondeur, derricre lu Seigneurie de Keuville, appartenunt au Siour Dcmiliiiie, bornve sur le front par la ligiie qui sppare la ditc Seigiieurie dc Neuville des terres non-oonc^des, au Nord-est par la ligiie de profondeur du tlet' St. Auguitin prolongi'u uu Sud-oucst par une ligne paralK'le a la pivcr. dontc, u prendre bur la ligne du lief de Oiluir aussi pro- loiigre, et par dcrritre aux terres iioiiconctdi'es."— Tie. ijitlre d'lntcndancc. No. i\Jiilio 8. BouKOMARiE, East, seigniory, in the co. of Yamaska, is situated in the rear of the seigniory of Yamaska and is bounded w. by the river of that name, s. by St. Charles, and e. by De Guir. It extends 50 arpents in front by nearly 2 leagues in depth. Granted, Aug. 1, 1708, to Marie Ft- zcrct and is now the property of Mrs. Barrow. — This tract is what the Canadian farmers term very good land : in fact it is of rather a superior quality, and, if moderately well managed, would yield abundant crops of grain : at present about a tliird part of it is under cultivation. It produces a little good timber with abundance of the inferior sorts 'such as basswood, spruce fir, hemlock, and cedar. — Besides the navigable river Yamaska it is watered by the river David, that winils a very mazy course and turns a grist-mill ; on each side of this river there is a road, and another that skirts the Yamaska. — The church has no resident cure, and the duties are performed by the minister of St. Michael de Yamaska, BRA Slatulici. Popnlation Churches, Corn-milla . 371 Saw.mills ... I R.C. . 1 PoUsheries . . . 1 I Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat . Oats Barley . Buihelt. Buiheb. Buiheli. 3,00,5 Potatoes 2,993 Buck wheat 100 2,900 Peas . 1,000 Indian com 120 200 Rye . 60 Live Stock. Horses Oxen . 137 1 Cows . 210 Swine . 898 . HI ; Sheep . 790 Title. — " Concession du ler Aout, 1708, faite par Meg- sieurs dc yaudreiiil, Gouvemeur, et Itaudot, Intendant, k Marie Fi-xret, Ptant un reste de terre non-conc^dr d'en- viron cinquante arpens de front sur deux lieues, moins un arpent, de profondeur sur la rivi£re Yamatka, tirant au Nord-ouost, dans la profomleur, joigiiant uu Sud-ouest la ligne de la Seigneiirie Bourgchemin / au Nord-est la ligne des terres concedees au Sieur Charon; et au Nord-ouest les profundeurs de la Scignsurie de Surd, dans lYtendue de la dite concession." — Regiitre drt Foi et Ilommage, No. 112,/a«o 6k— C'nAier d'InUnd. 2 o 9, folio 'ilio. BouROMARiE, West, seigniory, in the co. of Richelieu, extends from the rear of the S. of Sorel to the r. Yamaska; bounded s. w. by Bourchemin and n. e. by Bonsecours ; about 60 arpents in front and 1^1. in depth. — Granted, Aug. 1, I7O8, to Marie Fezeret and is now the property of Mrs. Barrow. Title, — " Et aussi nu Sud-est du la dite rivitre un autre reste de terre non-conccdi' d'ciiviron soixuntc nrpi'iis de front sur une lieue et deinie de profondeur, tirant au Siid- (.'st aux terres iion-coiicedpes, joignaiit uu Sud-ouest le tief A7. Vliarki, appartenunt au Sieur Fl::hvt, son jiere, et au Nord-ouest la Seigneurics de Lavatliire." — li^giitre de* Foi ct Hommagr, No. 112,yu/i'o6k BouRO Royal, t;. Notre Dame des Anoes. Buyer, river, rises in the rear part of Lauzon S,, and traversing the fiefs Martiniere, Livau- Jlere and the augmentation to Beaumont, enters St. Slichel S., and, cutting off the western angle of St. Valliir S., runs into the St. Lawrence nearly opposite St. Jean in the island of Orleans. This small river is about 30 paces wide and so obstructed by sand-banks, trees, &c., that the lightest canoe cannot pass ; but at its mouth it is navigable,' at high water, for small vessels of 30 tons. There is a bridge of wood over this river free from toll. BiiANDON, township, in the co. of Berthier, adjoins the aug. to the S. of Berthier s. k. and is bounded n. w. by waste lands of the Crown, 8. w. by the S. of De Ramsay, and N. E. by the 8. of 3Iiiskinon"il' : its n, e. limits arc irrc- BRA BRA Buiheh. cone^dp d'eii- lieurs, moins im natka, tirant au uu Sud-ouest In Vord-est la ligne t au Nord-ouest ', dans IVtendue )< et Ifommiige, , folio 2:io. in the co. of of the S. of led 8. w. by jrs ; about 60 th. — Granted, d is now the : riviere uii autre Xante aipunB de r, tirant au Sud- Sud-ouest le tiet' , son pere, et au '." — lUgittre det des An'oes. art of Lauzon nil-re, Livau- umont, enters western angle St. Lawrence id of Orleans. wide iind so ice., that the ts mouth it is vessels of 30 ver this river of Burtbier, dier a. k. and if the Crown, 1 N. B, by the lits arc irre- gular because Lake Maskinong^ being in the S. of that name no part of this township extends to the lake. It is in other respects similar in its di- mensions to other inland townships. It has been surveyed and laid out in ranges and lots, and the greater part of the lands numbered were granted to the officers and privates of the Canadian militia who served during the lust American war. Some few emigrants have been located in this t. and 12,000 acres have been granted, under patent, to Edmund Antrobus, Esq., where at present there are no settlements : in fact there are no settlers in the T., with the exception of one English family that arrived in the spring of 1820. The lands, up to the 9th range, are generally of excellent quality, and from the 9th range towards the n. w. the surface is uneven and mountainous. — A road has been made to the front line of this t. from the rear of the last concession of the S. of Berthier, 4} m. in length, under the authority of the pro- vincial parliament. The road is good and prac- ticable and is 18 feet wide, except in two places where, from the great difficulties arising from granite ledges which required blasting, the road has been left 12 fit. wide. In all situations where the land was low or marshy ditches have been made along both sides of the road. The country traversed by this road is generally hilly with easy acclivity and descent, and although muny ledges of rock are to be met with the land is generally fit for cultivation. The sum of £.300, appro- priated for the making of this road, has not been sufficient to enable the commissioners to give it that degree of perfection which would be required to ensure it from early repairs and give per- manency to its advantages, although it now pre- sents a smooth and easy surface with twelve bridges of excellent and substantial structure : the bridges must be materially injured and the rood much obstructed whenever pas.sing tempests shall uproot the contiguous trees, an event of almost monthly occurrence. In addition, there- fore, to the propriety of giving a greater per- manent width to the road, it would be advisable ond highly advantageous to cut down the trees on both sides for the space of 25 feet at least, to add ditches where they might serve as drains, and to blast the obstructing rocks; for these improve- ments a further sum of £.150 might be sufficient. It will be found absolutely necessary to continue this road up to the centre of the townships, us the only possible means of bringing it to that degree of usefulness and general benefit that must have been contemplated by the pecuniary grant of the government, especially as it ends in the midst of an impervious forest. It might be continued to Lake Muskinongc for £.300, and, in a direct line, to the front line of the 8th range for £.500, which would be of still greater importance. — The t. of Bran- don contains an area of 40,000 acres of excellent land ; the crown and clergy reserves being among the best suited to European settlers. A portion has been located to the select and embodied militia who served during the last American war, and these grantees, or most of them, will be so ex- hausted by the expenses incident to their grants, that they will not have it in their power to open and complete this road of entry, without which the labour and expense bestowed upon their lot.s will be lost; whereas the following advantages must inevitably result from the completion of it. — 1st. The speedy settlement of a valuable town- ship. 2d. Easy access to the crown and clergy reserves. 3d. Immediate relief to the settlers already established on the N. w. side of the lake and now totally excluded from all communication. 4th. A great facility to the militia for the per- forming of their location duties and their securing to themselves the bounty of his majesty. — The timber of this t. is generally of good quality and many places abound with pine fit for masting. Maple is also abundant and leases are granted for the purpose of making sugar from that tree. Staligiics, Populution Annual JgricHltural Prvduc, 20 Wheat Oats . Bushels • Ijti . lUU Ouihcli. Pens . 10 Indian corn !H) Live Stock. Potatoes Rusheli. . 2(H)0 Horses Oxen . . 10 . 8 Cows . 29 Slu'op . 20 Swine Id Bhas, le, river, rises in the parish of St. Gervnis, and traversing the aug. to St. Jlichcl S where it divides the 5th and (ith concessions, falls into the Riviere dii Sud about half a league hulow n grist-mill in the S. of St. Vallicr. It is ulwiut JJO paces wide in the aug. to St. Michel, and so murli obstructed by .sand-bnnks, trees, &c , that it is not navigable even for the lightest canoe. Over this H. is u wooden bridge free from toll. .1 ili B RO Bbab de L'Ebt, riyer, in the S. of L'Uet, about 11 yarda wide. Bras du Oubbt, river, in the t. of Tring. A road ha* been recently opened fhmi this R. to Cnug's Road in Leeds. Bristoi., township, in the oo. of Ottawa, is be- tween Onslow and Clarendon and is bounded in front hy the r. Ottawa. It is but thinly settled and has no regular roads. Statistics. Population 33 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats . : Buiheb. . 75 . 10 Indian com Potatoes Biuhclf. . 400 . 300 Live Slock. Horses Oxen . • 3 4 Cows Swine 3 . 10 BaoHB, township, in the co. of Shefford, is bounded b. by Bolton, w. by Dunham and Fam- ham, 8. by Sutton, and n. by Shefford. — Some part of the land is good, but other parts so moun- tainous and rocky as to be unfit for culture; the best will produce grain of most sorts and hemp and flax might also be grown in several places. — On the N. w. side, where it is rugged and high, some good timber is found and also great quan- tities of good bog and mountain iron-ore. — Near Lake Brome, about nine miles in circumference, a few settlements have been made, that afford a fa- vourable specimen of what may be done upon the lands that are at all susceptible of tillage. Several small rivers fall into the lake, upon which some grist and saw-mills have been erected. The po- pulation on the I., is about 600. Population 1,314 Churches, R. C. 1 Curates . 1 Schools . 5 Villages . 1 Statistics. Houses in do. Corn-mills . Saw-mills Potasheries . Distilleries . Just, of Peace Medical men Shopkeeper!) . Taverns . Artisans 1 1 3 3 80 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buiheli. DuiheU. Butheli. 14*000 Peas . 7,508 Potatoes 88,200 18,000 Buck wheat 2,0 :ral brooks and several lots in 1 spreading into > contiguous to re been formed vated farms. — great and little jde of the river ilation amounts holders are Mr. tes, the original uce. Buahcb. Buck wheat 180 Indian corn SOU Swine . 210 M. of Megantie, contains much of the inferior uce wheat and I calculated for ts are tolerably stocked with it useful timber erior quality. — the Becancour, audiere and by r. half, consist- to Messrs. Jen- troperty of the !ss in forming a rt of it and hat settlement to ndiere, there is her, under the ial parliament, u du Quest in 4 m. 43 chains B U C and 20 links. The whole extent has been opened 12 ft. wide and the stumps cut doae to the ground ; no ditches have been made at the sides nor has any considerable bridge been made. The country traversed by the rood is mountainous but fit for cultivation, and in some parts excellent soil ; there are seven steep hills over which the road has been necessarily carried. The road runs mostly through the waste lands of the Crown and which are of a description to encourage settlement. The sum of i^.300currencyhas been expended in the exploring, surveying and opening of the road; and £.150 more would cover the expenses of constructing a bridge over the river Becancour (the only consider- able stream, being one chain wide) and of cutting the steep hills on the road. — The population is about 75. — UngranUd and unhealed, 12,400 acres. Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oate . Buihcirk . 650 . 610 Biuhdi. Barley . 100 Pohitoes 1,050 Buiheli. Mixed grun 200 Live Stock. Horses Oxen . . 29 . 30 Cows . 55 Sheep . 110 Swine . 70 Bhulees Isles, v. Lauzon, S. Bruno (F.), v. Maskinonor, S. Buckingham, township, in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded w. by Templeton, e. by Lochaber, in front by the river Ottawa and by the waste lands of the Crown in the rear. — It is divided into twelve ranges and each range into 28 lots of 25 chains ^\ links in breadth by 81 chains 60 links in depth, making a superAcies of 200 acres, exclusive of the usual alluwance of five per cent, for highways. The first four ranges and one-half of the fifth were surveyed and murked in the field in 1802 with the exception of the lute Cupt. Robertson's 2000 acres, which were laid out on cither side of the river au Liivre two years antecedent to that period. The land in Buckingham is similar to that of the neigh- bouring townships except from the fourth range K., when it becomes more bold and conspicuous and, rising to a greater elevation, is in various places steep and abrupt. From the fourth range 8. to the borders of the Ottawa the surface is low and generally level, occasionally rising and falling in gentle slopes of fertile land, covered with large and well-grown timber. The major part of the first range is overflowed in the spring and fall B U C by the rise of the Ottawa, which copiously irri- gates the soil and leaves, when the waters recede, most wholesome and rich pasturage. The sur- veyed part of this t. is most abundantly watered by the river on Liivre and numerous inferior rivers, streams and rivulets, which meander through the T. in various directions and discharge their waters into the Ottawa and river au Liivre. — n. of the basin into which the r. au Lievre dis- charges itself is a most propitious site fur a vil- lage ; but here the lands granted to the late Capt. Robertson are left in an absolute state of nature. The next eligible position for a village is the crown reserve. No. 10, in the second range, in the proximity of the basin, half of which has recently been located to an individual who might probably surrender his claim if proposals were made and compensation tendered. In that case the nearest crown reserve to No. 10 would be appropriated for the church and other objects. Mr. Bigelow, the actual proprietor of a large portion of the granted lands in this t., has commenced the erec- tion of a saw-mill on the R. au Lievre and cleared several acres adjacent. In 1827 he had cleared above 400 acres; 300 of which were, the year preceding, in crops of grass, grain, potatoes, &c. He commenced his improvements in 1824, and in three years erected several houses, bams, stores, &c. &c., and was still animated with a laudable desire to make additional improvements for the benefit of himself and other settlers in this and the neighbouring townships. — Of the part of this township that has been surveyed 16,940 acres were granted under letters patent, in 1700 and 1803, to Capt. Robertson, Elias Hawley, Wades, Dunning and others. — The roads are bad. Population Corn-mills Suw-mills Slalistics. 266 1 Potteries 1 Potashcries 2] 1 I Taverns 1 Artisans Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Outs Ilye Horses Oxen Buiheli. . 1,555 . 500 'M ' Butheli. Potatoes a, 725 Indian corn '■i,i-2H Hay tons 142 Alaplc .sugar, cwts. 25 Live Stuck. 16 I Cows 20| 26 I Swine M BucKLANi>, township, in the co. of BcUc- chusse, is bounded n by St. Gervais, La Mar- II i m 'k \ ;i B U C tini^rc and Mont-a- Peine, N. w. by Jolliet and Frampton and in other places by the waste lands of the Crown. — The surface is much varied, in many places rising into considenible swells, with intervals rather swampy but the soil is in general excellent ; even the wet lands are by no means of a bad quality. Every species of grain and grass, iK'sides hemp and flax, might be produced in great abundance. — Principally timbered with beech, birch, maple, ironwood, basswood and elm with a great deal of cedar, spruce tir and black ash. — Completely watered by several large streams and branches of the Etchemin and many rivulets, on nearly all of which are very eligible situations for mills and much good meadow land along their borders. — Large quantities of maple-sugar are made here by the inhabitants of St. Oervais. — Only \ of the t. has been surveyed, which is now the property of William Holmes, Esq. of Quebec. — The rear concessions and the 8. e. ends of the central concessions are almost, if not entirely, un- fit for agricultural purposes and impracticable for roads being everywhere rocky, uneven, moun- tainous and barren ; the hills bare of trees or ver- dure are in general in the form of sugar-loaves, perfectly precipitous on all sides, and so close to- gether that the space between their bases rather resemble ravines than valleys, and are covered witli rubbish, rocks, moss and decayed small stunted trees. — The highest part of this hilly country is a ridge of lofty mountains rising gra- dually from the a. angle of the t. and pursuing a N. K. direction, after traversing the head waters of the R. du Sud, terminates near the source of the N. \v. branch of the main stream of St. John. In April, 1825, the average depth of the snow un this ridge was ascertained to be 9 feet, while in the t. of Frampton, at its base, it was hardly 20 inches — St. Rooiiaes Hill is a very high moun- tain in the T. of Buckland about 2 m. n. e. of the Crapaudiore Mountain in the S. of Frampton, and is the highest land between the St. Lawrence and the St. John in that direction. — Population about 30. — Ungranted and unlocated 20,000 acres. Atiiiiial ylffricultural Produce. Wheat Outs Horaes Oxen Bushels. I •V'J Potatoes 75 1 Peas Duthcls. . i:tu . luu Bushels. Indian corn 'iU Live Stock: B Y Bullet River rises near the N. x. side of the T. of Ireland, and, running N. w., passes through Craig's Road into the t. of Inverness, where, being joined by other streams, it forms the b. Clyde. Bui.HTROUB, township, in the co. of Drum- mond, joins Stansfield n. b., Warwick in the rear, Horton s. w. and the river Becancour n. w. — The land is level and low with many swamps and numerous brules, particularly towards the centre ; near the river, and also towards the limits of Warwick, the land rises a little and is of a moderately good quality: the swamps and low lands are in some places of a sandy soil and in others a black mould. On the highest situations the timber consists of beech, maple and black birch ; in the swamps cedar, hemlock and tamma- rack. This t. is well watered by the main branch of the Nicolet, and by several rivulets running into the Becancour.— One-half was granted to the late Patrick Langan, Esq. and is now the pro- perty of his heirs. — The only settlement is on the K. Becancour, opposite to the t. of Blandford, and contains about 40 souls. Horses (lows Lire Stock. Sheep Oxen Pigs 4 I Cows 1 1 Sheep 20 1 Swine iaI BURTONVILLK (V.), V. Db LeRY, S. Bury, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is irregular in its figure and bounded n. by Dudswell, N. E. by Lingwick, n. w. by Newport and West- bury. One quarter only has been surveyed, but the land in general is of a moderately good soil, very susceptible of cultivation and to all appear- ance would furnish good crops of grain of most sorts. — The timber is butternut, maple, beech, ash, birch, cedar and basswood. — Many little streams water it. — An intended road into the state of ^'^ermont striking gfF from Craig's Road, at a place called Kemp's Bridge in the t. of Ireland, will pass through it ; this route has been already marked ^nd blazed in the field and mile-posts are fixed along the whole distance. — Ungranted and unlocated 18,658 acres. Bustard Bay, in the co. of Suguenay, on the N. shore of the St. Lawrence, lies immediately below the R. Belsiamite. Bustard, river, in the co. of Saguenay, falls into Bustard Bay, below Jeremie, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. By Town, v. Ottawa, r. m M. a. side of the paues through u, where, being he B. Clyde. • CO. of Drum- rick in the rear, uncour N. w — I many swamps ly towards the wards the limits :tle and is of a vamps and low tndy soil and in iglicst situations laple and black lock and tamma- the main branch rivulets running as granted to the is now the pro- :lement is on the if Blandford, and jPigs - * KRY, S. (f Sherbrooke, is iN.byDudswell, ivport and West- en surveyed, but irately good soil, id to all appear- of grain of most t, maple, beech, d. — Many little oad into the state ■aig's Road, at a he T. of Ireland, has been already id mile-posts are — Ungranled and guenay, on the n. tmediately below ' Saguenay, falls on the N. side 3 t C A C G. Cabinrau or Namjambcutcook, river, rises in Lung Lake in the co. of Riroouski and taking a N. K. course enters the 8. of Madawoska ond s. of the portage, 3 m. from Long's, falls into Lake Temiscouata, a little below the v. of Kent and Strathern. It is said to be 30 h. wide but of no great depth. Cabinot (R.), v. Cabineau. Cachbk, river, rises near the 8. w. corner of La- naudiere, and traversing through the n. w. angle of Carufel joins the Little Maskinong^- R. in the S. of Dusablc. Cacheb, river, in the 8. of Blainville, rises s. of the Chemin du Grand St. Charles and near the adjoining 8. of Riviere du Chene. It runs 8. and falls into r. Jesus. Cacona or Kacouna, fief, in the co. of Ri- mouski, fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded N. b. by Villeray, b. by the Riviere Verte and waste lands, s. w. by the 8. of Riviere du Loup One eighth of this fief is in rocks and savannas ; the whole is conceded and divided into 5 conces- sions, which diminish in number of settlements in proportion to their distance from the St. Law- rence. In the first concession the soil is light with a clay bottom, the ridge or highlands being a mixture of sand and gravel. More than one half is cultivated. The soil of the 2d and 3d conces- sions is stronger and more clayey and is traversed by a ridge of highlands susceptible of culture; the lower part in the 2d concession presenting the appearance of a valley. Several savannas or plains are in both concessions and one-third of each is cultivated. The 4th and 5th concessions are more level and one-fourth of the 4th and one- eighth of the 5th are cultivated. The 4th con- cession is divided into two parts by the Riviere Verte. — The wood on the highlands is birch and maple and in the lower parts sapin, white thorn, beech and cedar. — As there is no corn-mill, the inhabitants are obliged to carry their corn to the Riviere du Loup mill. As horses only are used in ploughing, the number of oxen is small. One- fourth of all the agricultural produce and one- third of the cloth and linen are sold : cloth at 2s. 3s. 6d. and 5s. per yard and linen at Is, dd. to Is. 8d. Every farmer on an average makes an- nually SOOlbs. of butter, of which two thirds are sold. Population Com-inilli Saw-milU I,I6» C A M Statulics. Shopkeepers Tavemi Arlitani ll 23; niver rnift 'i'oiiiMKe Keel buats 1 •M Annual Agiiciillural Prahite, Wheat OBtS Hones Oxen Buiheb. 7,«JI) Buihtli Barlev . I,(KN) Mixed gr. 1,810 lUy Live Stock. ia» I Cows . l.()."/j I Swine 114 I Sheep . 5,NJt)| Torn. 3,U!) ChT Caillr, u la, river, rises in the S. of St. Thomas, near the boundary line of Bcrthier, in the co. of Bellechasse, and running N. k. falls into the St. Lawrence about 1^ m. n. of the mouth of the R. du Sud. Caili.e, a la. Petite, river, rises in the 8. of St. Thomas, and runs into the St. Lawrence about 4 m. from the mouth of R. du Sud. Calamy, v. Calumet, r. Caldwell Manor, t>. Foucault, S. Callemant, v. Caluh&t. Calumkt, Calahy or Calleriant, river, in the CO. of Two Mountains. The source of this r. is unexplored, but it descends in two streams from the unsurveyed part of Orenville ; one called the Calumet, the other its east branch : they form a junction about the centre of the fourth range in Orenville, whence their united waters are dis- charged into the R. Ottawa at lot 1 6 in the second range. Its general course is s., the eastern arm running nearly parallel to the river Kingham. It is about 60 or 70 ft. wide and very rapid, and is navigable to a short distance only. It runs about 40 m. and makes fine falls for mills, and near it are quarries said to be of marble. It abounds with fish. Calvairb, lake, in the 8. of Desmaurc, is about 1^ m. long and lies between the Riviere du Cap Rouge and the St. Lawrence. It will always ob- tain a large share of admiration when viewed from the surrounding heights, where it presents a rich and diversified prospect, the margin being charm- ingly varied by cultivated lands, here and there broken by small woods and numerous clumps of trees, rising by gradations from the water's edge one above the other. This pretty little lake dis- cliarges itself by a small stream into the St. Law- rence 1 m. E. of the church of St. Augustine. Camouraska, v. Kamouraska. Camus, river, in the S. of Berthier and co. of o i\ CANALS. i| if : JH I] Bellcchasse. The Ruisseau Camus rises behind the highlands in the front of the S. and runs N. w., then turning suddenly to the n. it empties itself into Ance de Berthier, on the s. shore of the St. Lawrence. Canals. — The advantages to agriculture and commerce to be derived from the facilities offered by artificial water communications are duly appre- ciated by the legislature of this province, and va- rious sums of money have been voted and applied to this object with u liberality worthy of the im- jtortunt results that may be expected to flow from such useful labours. Of these sums, amounting tojB 180,000, about £ 130,000 have been expended in the progress and completion of the Lachine Canal, a fact that must prove more honourable to the public spirit of the colonial government than the most just and eloquent eulogium. The innu- merable rivers of Lower Canada will facilitate, and their numerous natural and impracticable ob- structions will render necessary, a large number of canals, in order to develop the almost infinite agricultural resources of this increasing colony. The experience of the past proves that these ne- cessary labours have been successfully begun ; and, ai> the prosperity and population of the country increase, these enterprising efforts will become more numerous and extended. The rivers and lakes will ultimately connect the remotest town- ships, and convey their produce into the broad bosom of the St. Lawrence. Some canals have been completed, some are in progress, and many are in contemplation. The Lachine Canal has been completed under an act, passed in the 1st George IV., for making a navigable canal from tlie neighbourhood of Mont- real to the parish of Lachine. The commence- ment of this canal, at first a private undertaking, will be ever memorable in the commercial history of the province ; for though it is not quite eight milos in extent, its advantages are nf the first im- portance to the navigation of tiie Ht. Lawrence, on which the prosperity of Upper and Lower Canada most particularly depends. Uy means of this canal two very great obstructions in the river are avoided, Sault St. Louis and Sault Norman ; and had the canal been continued a little farther to the n. k., so as to have entered the St. Lawrence l)elow the current of St. Mary, its l)enefits to the navigation would have been still greater. As it is. however, there can be no doubt of its immense utility, and, notwithstanding the enormous sum expended in its completion, its eventual profit. Although the cost has far exceeded the original expectation, yet the execution is such as to do credit to those who effected the several departments of the work. The rock and other excavations are well and neatly done, and the locks and bridges are handsome and made with a view to durability, being superior to any in America and inferior to none in Europe. It will hardly be credited, although strictly true, that the gunpowder expended upon the rock exca- vation by the contractors cost them above 10,000 dollars — The length of the river basin and of the adjoining wharf is about 350 yards : the latter is formed of stout timber placed obliquely on end, well tied behind and carefully filled up with earth, but it is impossible to speak decisively about the effects of its pressure until it is tried. The fences have been a source of heavy but unavoid- able expense ; therefore a railing of cedar, on a more durable plan, being thought the most eco- nomical, the commissioners have erected a very strong and neat railing of that material along the N. w. side, from the banks above the canal wharf up to the bridge of the lower Lachine road, which, besides being ornamental, will protect the canal and allow of an excellent public walk in sum- mer. Trees are here planted, which, if they suc- ceed, will add to the appearance and form a shel- ter from the sun ; these trees have been procured and planted by means of voluntary contribution. As repairs will always be occasionally necessary, the canal commissioners still continue their services, which however are given gratuitously. These repairs arc indispensable from causes produced by the severity of the climate, which no artificial means can thoroughly guard against ; but a great eventual saving will arise from immediate repairs being made when needful. These repairs, how- ever, will be chiefly confined, for many years, 1st, to the holes caused by the percolation of the canal water through the banks where they are raised aljovc the level of the solid ground : 2d, to the tunnels \yhich convey under the bed of the canal the natural streams ; for when the thaw is sudden tbcRc tunnels cannot at once discharge the accu- mulntiou of water thereby produced, and a breach may lie the consequence if tlicy are not projHirly attended to. 3d, The passage of the Little Lake or river Saint Pierre, across the course of the canal, cannot Ik' avoided and must, every spring, be a I I )^ CANALS. expended in Although the peclation, yet to thoK who lie work. The U and neatly liandsome and ig superior to le in Europe. strictly true, the rock exca- above 10,000 «in and of the : the latter is quely on end, illed up with ;cisively about s tried. The r but unavoid- of cedar, on a the most eco- ■rected a very erial along the le canal wharf Lachine road, ill protect the c walk in sum- h, if they sue- d form a shel- bcen procured '' contribution. (T necessary, the their services, tously. These L'8 produced by no artificial but n great mediate repairs repairs, how- lany years, 1st, on of the canal hey are raised d: 2d, to the i-d of the canal thaw is sudden urge the accu- [|, and a brencli ■e not pr«)i)crly :he Little Lake rsc of the canal, -y spring, be a i source of danger to the banks and of expense in their repairs, which no art can thoroughly guard against, as no tunnel for its passage under the canal could possibly have been made of a magni- tude to deliver, at once, the quantity of water which collects in the low grounds between thcCfttcs Saint Pierre and Saint Paul at the breaking up of the winter. This tunnel is 5 ft. in diameter. — The eventual profit that will arise from this spirited enteqirise is placed beyond doubt by the following account of the progressiive increase of the tolls which have been annually received : AtnouHt of the Tollt collected on the Lachine CunaU 18-24 . £*<) 4 (i In IH87 £3051 l(i 6 iHJjj ViH) 10 4 1»«4 . ■dl^Ti 18 10^ 1»^C SfO-^O IH 5 Abstract of the act passed (Mar. 14, 1820) to establish certain rates, tolls and duties on the Lachine Canal, and to provide for the care and management of the said canal. *■ I. Yrom and nftor the passing of this act tlie folluwiii|r ratt'K, tolls Kc. dIuiII bt- iiayalile on buuU, &c pasning through the cuiihI ; which wid rati'* shall Ik.' iiuid tor the w hole distanri' between Laehine and Montreal in ascend- in); or dt'M'ending tl:e i and 21) tons Ditto, U'tween -Ai and UO tons Ditt(n above W) tons Merehandiac and liquors Ashes lieet and pork Ser ton |ter eord ditto earh each each each per ton per Iwirrel ditto per ton ))er tiereo per barrel per ^ do. each each ditto per busliel or niinut per tdise |ier hhd. per thousand ditto 1 6 H U \o I I) (I •i (I \:> I d. 3 (i .3 U (i I) U 3 (» \ •i I U (i U <4 (i 3 3 Uundlesofhay . per hundred . . " If. !• raciiom of a mile to be considered a w hole mile " 3. Uoats, fce. passing below luck No. I-, to pay the like tolls as il they had passed all tli.^ lucks. " +. Hoats and scows hidcii solely witli lirewiH)d or other tinilH'r, i .iviiig pu«scd down ilic liiu.il and paid the rates, exempiid from toll in a>c,iidit>g, if nnliKl.n and empty, " .■>, (iovernor aulhori/cd to nppoint commissioners lor supchniciMlin; hiiiI kicking in i 'puir the cuniil, and to ap- |ioint u si'irclury, treasurer and toll-cuUcclor. *< 6. Commissioners not entitled to any remuneration for their services. " 7. Commissioners declared a body corporate. A sum- mons served on the secretary, in any action against them, sutiieient to compel them to appear. " 8. ('ommissioners may eninloy lock-keepers and other assistants, and allow a reasonable remuneration for their services. " 9. Kates and duties to be paid to such persons, and at siieh places near tlie canal and in such manner, as com- missioners may direct and ap|ioint. " 10. in eases of damage done to the canal or to the bridges, Ike. by any boat, 8ic., such boat may be seized and detained until the injury is repaired. "II. Commissioners authorized, where the province ought by law or equity to bear the charge of making, Kie, fences along the canal, to agree with the proprietors of land, on which the fences are, to allow a reasonable in- demnity for the trouble of making and keeping the same in repair. " 12. Tolls to be paid over quarterly to the receiver- geneml. " 13. Salary allowed to secretary, treasurer and toll- collector, not exceeding iiUU/. " 14. Secretary, treasurer and toll.colleetor, before en- tering into the duties of his said olfiee, to enter into bond to his majesty for the faithful discharge of his duty. " I.). Commissioners to render an account to the legis- lature. " 16. Continuance of this act not to exceed Dec. 31, 1831.* C'hambly Canal, — Commissioners have been chosen to carry into effect this important under- taking, so necessary to the general interests of the province, and particularly to all the settlements near the h. Richelieu and the districts of Quebec and Three Rivers. Its line of communication is to run along the Richelieu from the Chambly basin to the village of St. John in the barony of Longueuil, a distance uf 11 miles. A sum of money lias been aii))ropriated for this pur])oBC by a vote of the As.seinbly, Mar. 22, 1B23, and it was then decreed that the undertaking should be commenced us soon as the Lachine Canal was completed. That enteqirise was finished in au- tuiuii, lii2(} ; but no steps have as yet been taken to open the Chambly Canal, excepting those uf surveying and tracing out the line. — It is sup- posed that the i>l>jects of this canal might be at- tained by u much shorter line and at a much less expense than what will be re(|iiired liy the pre- sent plan ; unil it has Ik'cu suggested, that if some improvements were made in the navigntitm of the R. Itichclieu, a canal of five miles only would l)e sufficient. The iinprovemcnts suggested to be made in the r. St. John, or Richelieu, have lieen thus detailed:— " ('(iniincnciiig at the rupids of St. John, a channel (Ml or fM) fict wide for cnifts drawing 4 or ;'» feet water could lie made over these rupids by simply forming a dyke the length (i2 i J \ ... CAN of the rapidB. A bank answering for a towing-path might be made of the stones and rocks in the rapids, at the head of which an elbow might be carried out the distance required to throw into that channel a sufficient quantity of water. From the foot of these rapids to the head of Chambly rapids, there is no other obstruction than a few scattered rocks at the Mille-rochcs and a shallow place at St. Therese, each about six acres in length, and both of which could be, at a trifling expense, made na- vigable for a vessel drawing four or five feet of water ; the first by removing the rocks, the se- cond by the junction of the two islands at St. Therese. By this junction, the great body of water which now passes over to the s. between the two islands would be retained in the w. channel, which would, it is believed, give a sufficient depth of water. Should, however, the junction of the islands not raise the water sufficiently, by putting out an elbow from the head of the main island to- wards the east, as much water as could be required might be brought into the west channel, which channel, being confined to a narrow space by the island alluded to above and the main land, could be raised to any height, as it would altogether depend on the length of the elbow. — These im- provements, as simple as they may appear to some, and which it is believed would not cost above fi or £6000, would undoubtedly give a navigable river from St. John to the head of Chambly rapids, a distance of about seven miles out of eleven, leaving only between four or five miles of obstruction, viz., the length of Chambly ra- pids. From the heed of Chambly rapids to the basin, the river may perhaps ofler but few advan- tages. Should it therefore be found necessary to cut through the land there, tliere is a tine head of water ; and, it is said, by going ))ack a few acres, there is a ravine running through a barren part of this section of the country, which would ofll-r many advantages to such an under- taking. At all events, should it be found neces- sary to avoid both ravine and river at these ra- pids, it would be a work of minor consequence wiien compared witit the Herculean tai>k proposed by Mr. I'rice's fourteen miles plan, which, liesides tile additional expense of making a canal seven miles longer than necessary, would involve the undertaking in an unavoidable and enormous ex- pense fur the purchase of the land, for the making and keeping in repair the numberless bridges ¥ CAN that would be required and the fences that would be necessary on each side of the canal." GreniUle Military Canal extends from the ba- sin to Greece's Point, in the t. of Chatham, more than 6 miles. It was opened by the two com- panies of the royal staff corps belonging to the military establishment immediately contiguous to Orenville basin. This important work was con- ducted under the immediate superintendence and direction of Major Duvemet. This officer having sailed for England with his company, the com- mand at the Orenville station devolved upon Captain Read. The canal is cut through the solid rock in various parts, forming an aggregate length of about 4 miles of rock excavation, to an extreme depth, in some parts, of 30 feet. Its average width at bottom is from 25 to 30 feet, and at top from 35 to 40, and the depth of water is computed at from 5 to 6 feet. The object of the Orenville Canal is to connect the navigable sections of the Ottawa River interrupted by the impetuous Long Sault rapid and other inferior rapids below it, especially that in front of Mr. M'Robb's property, at the foot of which he has very judiciously laid out a village, now called Davis Village. The Cascade Canal, in the S. of Soulange, has lieen made in order to avoid the danger of passing the cascades at the entrance of the St. Lawrence into lake St. Louis. It is usually called the Mi- litary Canal, and is constructed across a point of laud through which all boats now make their way to the locks at Le Buisson. It is 500 yards in length and is furnished with the necessary locks. On each side, land 100 ft. wide has been relin- quished by the proprietors of Soulange and Vau- dreuil, which is reserved for public purposes. At the entrance to the canal from lake St. Louis is a guard-house, where a small party of military is alwa) s stationed. Cahanbhino (L.), v. O Cananbhino. Canards, aux, or au Canbau, river, is near the \i. exta-mity of the S.of Mount Murray. On this little a. mills might be erected. It falls into tliu St. Lawrence and its mouth forms a safe har- bour for boats and small craft, The batlnrtB op- IHwito extend about 8 or m. and, being without any useful vegetable pn)duction, they continue to l)e the resort of immense collections of water-fowl. — At Rckavffttud aur Bas^urg, near its mouth, are large masses of iron ore in wide veins. i if ces that would wl." I from the ba- Dhatham, more the two com- longing to the ' contiguous to work was con- ntendence and s officer having •any, the com* devolved upon t through the g an aggregate cavation, to an ' 30 feet. Its 25 to 30 feet, depth of water The object of the navigable rrupted by the other inferior I front of Mr. f which he has E^, now called * Soulange, has inger of passing 8t. Lawrence called the Mi- ross a point of nake their way 500 yards in lecessary locks. [as been relin- inge and Vau- purposes. At St. Louis is a of military is IHINO. river, is near Murray. On It falls into ms a safe bar- le batlHrti op- being without ey continue tu ofwatcr-fuwl. its mouth, are IS. CAP Canbau, au, V. Canabob, b. C.1NIE, island, in the gulf of St. Lawrence near the Saguenay coast, between the rivers Ma- chigabiou and Chimepanipestick. Canot, au, V. TOLBDO, B. Cap u TAiolb, v. Isle aux Covobbs. v ^ Cap a 1' Est, v. Saoubnav, b. Cap Brulr, in Cute de Beaupre, S. Cap de 1' Abatis, in Cote de Beaupr^, S. Cap de la Oribannb, in Cote de Beaupre, S. Cap de la Maodklainb, seigniory, in the co. of Champlain, is bounded s. w. by the river St. Maurice, v. b. by the S. of Champlain and its augmentation and by the St. Lawrence in front. — ^The breadth is 2 leagues and its depth 20, ex- tending N. into the interior. — Granted Mar. 20, 1651 , to the order of Jesuits and has now de- volved to the crown. — It contains 17>707 arpents in concession and the greater part of the lands conceded, as well as of the lands unconceded, are not susceptible of cultivation. There is, however, one concession of 40 arpents wholly settled, and one of 20 arpents partly settled with 5 or 6 houses ii,\ :''■■ St. Maurice, below the Forges. A small nuiT^' t He uon-conccdcd lands have been enclose^, >.l>. re is no road to them. 800 su- perficial . ^. ..i^b were conceded prior to 17^9, at the rent of ha copre per arpent, at which rent they still continue. — The few young persons who take new lands prefer taking them near their re- latives or friends, however inferior in quality they may be ; and the soil of almost the whole of this •S. is a white sand. — The timber towards the in- terior has attained a very fine growth. — Com- pared with the great extent of the grant, a small portion only is under cultivation, which lies prin- cipally on the St Lawrence and on the St. Maurice almost up to the Falls of Oabelle. The settle- ments, however, are not remarkable fur very good management; the wheat and other crops, there- fore, are but indifferent on land that might be made tu yield abundantly ; for the situation of the farms on the bunks of the rivers and the quality of the soil are both favourable to agricultund im- provement. — The Quebec road posses, almost close to the St. Lawrence, by the ferry over the St. Maurice to the town of Three Rivers. This ferry, by which the established post-road is continued, is nearly 2 ni. across. The price demanded from eacli person is 2«. iid. and in like proportidn for hurics and carriages ; but about 1 \ lu. higher up CAP the river there is another, where the charge is only 3i^ each person, and Is. 3i/. for a horse and carriage. By the side of this road stands the church with iu presbytery. — At the mouth' of the St. Maurice are the islands Bellerive, au Cochon, St. Christophc, La Croix and L'Abri; they are low and almost covered with wood of the inferior sorts, but afford some very good grasing land. It was once in contemplation to throw a bridge across this river opposite to Isle St. Christophe: it would prove of great public utility and, on a route so much frequented, such an undertaking could hardly fail of being profit- able. — Between Isle Bellerive and the main land there is a very good situation for laying up river craft during the winter, where they remain secure in about 8 feet water, and escape injury from the breaking up of the ice in the spring. Population 572 Churches, R. C. 1 (Junites 1 I'rt'sbytories 1 Corn-mills . 1 Statistics. Saw-mills . Tanneries . Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans lUver cmft Tonnage Keel boatk 5 1 'iO I /finiiia/ Agricultural Product, Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen BuiheU. . H,UOO lUO 1801 133 Buthcli. Peas . I,8IN) Potatoes 7,rNJ0 Buck wheat SOU Duih«U. Indian com (K) Mixed grain lUO Live Stock. Cows Sheep m>\ Swine 780| U70 TUU.—" Concession du 20me Mars, 1&51, taite par Mr. dc la Ferti, aux r'-v^rends litres jiituUei, coiitenant deux Heues le long dii Iteuve SI. Laurent, depuis le Cap nomm^ des TroU liiviirei, en descendant sur le grand fleuve, jusqu'aux cndruits oi^ Ics dites deux lieues se pour- ront rtendre, sur vingt lieues de profbndeur du cM du Nord, et comuris les bois, rivieres et prairies qui sont sur le dit grand fleuve et sur les dites TnAt Hiviirci,"-'He- gittrt dflntendanee, Xo.9i 9,Jblio 131. Cap Chat, fief, in the co. of Oasp6, lies near the N. w. point of the division-line between the districts of Quebec and Oosp^ and is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence. — The harbour must be approached with the greatest precaution, or the mariner will be exposed to imminent S. of Gaudarville and gra- dually bending 8. falls into the St. Lawrence near the ».w. angle ttf that seigniory. Its course in CAP general is eminently beautiful and picturesque. In Gaudarville it feek the attraction of the ebb tide of the St. Lawrence so strongly, that at low water its bed is nearly dry, and can be crossed with the utmost ease without the assistance of the ferry-boat ; but at high water boats of con- siderable burthen can enter it and ascend as high as the mill, about f of a mile from the St. Law- rence. At its mouth is an established ferry, where boats and scows are always ready though not always necessary. Caps, des, river, in the S. of Blainville and Lachenaye, rises in the concession Bouchetteville and runs into the St. Lawrence opposite the most eastward island of the cluster called The Pilgrims. Cap St. Glaude, rivulet, in the S. of Vin- cennes, rises in the plains that extend from the S. of Muntapeine and discharges itself into the St. Lawrence. It works five mills ; one for carding, one for fulling, another for sawing and two for grinding com. Near its mouth is a fall of about 150 ft., at the bottom of which is one of the corn- mills. Cap St. Ionacb, fief, in the co. of I'lslet, is bounded n. e. by the S. of Vincelot, n. w. by Gagne fief, in the rear by the S. of Ste. Claire and in front by the St. Lawrence. It is ^ 1. in front by 1 league in depth and is the property of Mons. Vincelot. No document relating to this grant has been found among the records lodged in the surveyor-general's office. — Well watered by the Bras St. Nicholas, which runs transversely through the middle of the fief.— Very little tim- ber remains. — 3 concessions have been granted, and 2 of them are settled. — This fief is moun- tainous and rocky, except in the front concession which, however, is not entirely without rocky places and hillocks. Some rushes that grow here are good food for cattle, and without which the horses could not be supported. The hordes are genpvally of the Norman breed and with little or no improvement. Orchards are more numerous here than in other parts of the district. All the inhabitants living w. of the church carry their com for grinding to the Moulin a Cardc in the 8. of St. Thomas, which is a loss to the seignior of Cap St. Ignace. — The parish of Si. Ignaie com- prehends the fief of that name with Goose and Crane Islands (Isles aux Oies and oux Grues), which arc the property of Mr. M'Pherson and contain several settlements, which with the salt CAP CAR d picturesque, ion of the ebb ly, that at low can be crossed i assistance of ' boats of con- ascend as high 1 the St. Law- id ferry, where ly though not Blainville and Bouchetteville positc the most 1 The Pilgrims, the S. of Vin- nd from the S. If into the St. ne for carding, g and two for a fall of about ne ofthecom- 0. of rislet, is elot, N. w. by of Ste. Claire 1. It is ^ 1. in he property of elating to this records lodged Well watered IS transversely ery little tim- been granted, >t ( «,ijr i } i.l' CAS 8. w. of ditto.— About 12,000 arpents are in a state of cultivation and about 9,000 unconceded, the greatest part of which is tit for agricultural improvement. — There is a superb quarry of lime- stone ; also tt species of potter's earth fit for paint- ing. — The cattle is generally good, and the in- habitants carefully attend to its improvement.— The fief Marie-Anne is in this S. to the N. s. of the B. Maskinong^ and enjoys the right of banalild over the entire S. The rear joins the S, of Lanaudidre. In Carufel are one private school, 5 saw-mills, many limekilns, 3 blacksmiths, many carpenters and wheelwrights and 10 or 12 joiners. — This S. produces from 20 to 25,000 bushels of wheat, 15,000 bushels of oats and as much peas and barley. Tilfe. — " Concession du mois de Mars, 1703, faite par Philippe do Rigaud, Gouvemeur, et Fratifoii de Beauhar. not; Inteiidant, an Sieur Jean Sicard, Sieiir de Carufel, de Trspnce de tcrre qui rc8te dans la riviire de Matqui- tioiigi, dans le lac St. Pierre, depuis celle qui a ^t^ ci- deviiiit accordie au Sieur Legardeur, jusqu'au premier sault de 1h dite riviere, ce qui contient deux licues ou environ de front sur pareiUe profondeur." — Bigiitre d'Intendance, No. 5, folio 40. Cahieri d" Intend, more authentic. Cascade Canal, v. Canals. Cascadbb, des (V.), v. Soulanok, S. Cascapbdiac (O.), river, in the co. of Bonaven- ture, rises in the rear of the t. of Richmond and traversing over a great part of that t., enters the adjoining t. of Maria near its s. e. angle, where it falls into the bay of Cascapediac and forms an excellent harbour for vessels of every si>e. Cascapbdiac (L.), river, in the co. of Bonaven- turc, rises in the rear of the t. of Hamilton and running s. w. enters the t. of Richmond, where it empties itself into Cascapediac bay about 6 miles from the mouth of the Greater Coscnpcdiac. Cassimaquaoan, river, runs from tlic e. into the R. Matapediac, affording at its mouth a favour- able site for a mill and an excellent situation for settlers. It is said to be navigable for many miles and abounds with valuable pineries. Castor, island, at the n. w. end of l. St. Peter and at the mouth of the R. Buyonne, is between Randin and Isle Dupas. Casupsciill or Cosupscoul, river, in the co. of Rimouski, rises in a l. towards the s. boundary of the CO. It runs s. w. for the greater part of its course, then taking a sudden turn more to the w. soon enters the B. side of the Matapediac, and is the largest stream that empties itself into that river being navigable for 60 or 00 miles. C A X Cat, river, so called in Algonquin, meaning Pole Cat, is a small stream running into the western bank of the St. Maurice above the Upper Matawin island. Catherinb'b Town, t;. Bbauharnois, S. Caudik, Grande, river, rises in a lake at the N. E. angle of the t. of Dorset, running s. to near the centre it takes a sudden turn b. and in the 5th range leaves the t. for that of Shenley, where it falls into the R. Chaudiere near the s. angle of that T. Cawooo, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded b. by Shorn, w. by Mansfield, 8. by Litchfield and N. by waste lands of the crown. Caxton, township, in the co. of St. Maurice, is bounded s. e. by lands belonging to the Forges of St. Maurice, s. by St. Etienne and Dumontier, 8. w. by Hunter's Town and n. by waste lands of the crown. — Here are only a few settlers, although a large number of acres were granted to the officers and privates of the Canadian militia who served during the last American war. The t. is abund- antly watered by numerous rivers and lakes, among which are Lac O Cananshing and Lac des Perchaudes. — As the value of the townships is so much accelerated and increased by the formation of new roads, the anxiety of the legislature of this province ought, in that respect, to be duly appre- ciated. The following extract from the report of the commissioners appointed to open a road of communication from the old settlements of Ya- machiche to the T. of Caxton will prove that such undertakings are easily executed, and will afford some interesting information relative to this va- luable though unsettled township. — The report is dated Feb. 1, 1830:—" We proceeded to open and complete the said road by day labour. Be- ginning on the road p{ Picdure, about 12 acres from the River du Loup, we opened a new road across the concession of Picdure, beginning in the division line of one Gilmet and Lachance, and con- tinued Northward to the next concession of Belle- chosse, distance 24 arpents. The land in this route is low with some hills intervening and thickly wooded ; one arpent of which was cause- wayed, five high hills reduced and made accessible, and ten bridges built none of which above 18 ft. long ; widening and completing the road on the concession of Bcllechasse (which had been opened) to the land of one Callier, distance about 6 arpents. C H A C H A From BellechasK, on the line of CalUer's land, to- ward St. Joseph concession, a new road is opened and completely finished to the concession road of St. Joseph, a distance of .'i2 arpents, through a thickly wooded country : in the course of this road nine bridges were built, none of them above IB ft. long ; five hilk reduced and made accessible and 2\ arpents of road causewayed. Arriving at St. Joseph at lot No. 48, the road, which was merely opened to the t., we completed by widening and extracting all the stumps to lot No. (i!), at the township line, distance 42 arpents, in which eight bridges were erected, none above 18 ft. ; six steep hills reduced and made easy of access and nearly one arpent of savanna causewayed, making in all about 4^ miles. The whole of the road is 10 ft. wide and where necessary ditched ; the stumps are every where extracted and the whole line has a beautiful appearance. Came to the place of be- ginning and continued the road to the bank of the River du Loup, below all the chutes and rapids ; thus giving a communication from the township of Caxton to the St. Lawrence by the river du Loup, which from this place is navigable for boats and rafts, and also a communication to Ma- chiche by the roads of St. Joseph, Bellechasse and Picdure A road was opened through the 1st and 2nd ranges of the t. to the dista ice of 52 acres, and also across the first six ranges and be- tween the 3rd and 4th ranges to lot No. 19 ; and another road along the front line of the t. from the 2nd to the 5th range, making in all, including the road first mentioned, 15 miles. Throughout the whole extent the land was found to be of the best quality, the wood consisting of maple, birch, ix^ech, ash, &c. In some places the land is low, where the woods are cedar, spruce, &c. These places required to be causewayed or ditched, which has been partially done Abo» t i'lOO would finish all the roads in this t. We believe that with £150 we might be able to go over the whole line, and complete what yet remains to be done on the 6th and 7th ranges ; and also to open a road between the 5th and 6th ranges to the Great Lake, which would open a large tract of very fine land." Crdrrs, des (V.), «; SoirLANOK, S. Chaffrrb Brook rises in two streams near the 8. line of Inverness and towards the centre of that T. joins the R. Clyde. Chalkurb Bay may be called an arm of the gulf of St. Lawrence and is bounded on the N. by the counties of Gaspc and Bonaventurc and on the A by New Brunswick. The entire n. coast of this extensive bay from the gulf to the river Ristigouche, which discharges itself into the w. extremity, is in Lower Canada.— This bay ex- tends from R. to w. about 88 m. and its greatest width is about 20. The navigation of the bay is perfectly safe and the anchorage, every where, so good that neither ship nor fishing-boat was ever known to be lost. Storms are not more frequent in this bay than at Quebec, and, although they occur here oftener than at Perci'; and in the hay of Ga8p6, the air is more humid and colder; about the same difference exists between the air of Quebec and Montreal. CuALOUPK, G. and L., two rivers that rise in the S. of Lanoraye and its augmentation. The greater river rises in two branches w. of the church of St. Elizabeth, and after receiving the Little Chaloupe, increased by St. Charles Brook, it takes in the s. w. branch and enters the S. of Bcrthlsr, where it falls into the St. Lawrence nearly 1 m. above the r. of Berthier opirasite Isle Randin. Chambly, county, in the district of Montreal, is bounded N. w. by the river St. Lawrence ; s. k. by the river Richelieu or Chambly, together with all the islands in the rivers St. Lawrence and Richelieu nearest to the co., and in whole or in part fronting it ; a. w. by the n. e. boundaries of the seigniories of Laprairie and De Lery, and n. b. by the co. of Vercheres ; it comprehends the seig- niories of Bouchcrville, Montarville, Longueuil, fief Trcmblay, Chambly West and the barony of Longueuil. — It is 3!) m. long and averages in breadth 11 \ m., and contains 211 sq. miles. Its centre is in lat. 45" 28" 30', Ion. 73° 17' 3if The popuktion is 12,932, of which ^''^ths are na- tive Canadians and the remainder English, Irish, Scotch, and Americans — It contains 5 parishes and part of the p. of Blairfindie, 4 villages and the town of Dorchester (erroncoudy inserted in the CO. of Acad'ir). This co. sends two members to the provincial assembly, and the place of election is Longueuil. — In agricultural pro IJ 30" w.— By the act above mentioned this co. contains the SS. of Ste. Anne and itr augmentation, Ste. Marie, Batiscan, Champlain and Cap de la Magdelaine ; it also in- cludes all the islands in the St. Lawrence nearest to and in front of the county. It contains 5 parishes and the population is entirely Canadian. The principal town or village is Ste. Anne. This CO. sends two members to the provincial parlia- ment ; the place of election is at the feiry nearest to the St. Lawrence on the n, r. side of the r. Batiscan — This co. is exceedingly well watered by rivers and lakes ; the principal rivers are the Ba- tiscan, the St. Maurice, the Champlain, part of the R. Ste. Anne, and their tributary streams. These rivers traverse the county in every direction. —The land in the front of the co. is in general level and the soil light, but, towards the interior, the surface is uneven, occarionally traversed by ridges of hills, and the soil stronger with much of it fit for cultivation. Population 7,300 Churches, R. C. 5 CuTta Presbyteries Schools . Villages Corn-mills Statistics. Saw-mills Tanneries Potattheries . Pearlasberies Medical men Notaries ■ . . r Shopkeepers . Taverns Artisans River craft . Tonnage Keel boats . 5 » 45 5 73 U Annual Agricultural Produce. IVheat Oats Ilarley I'eaii Rye Horses Oxen Bushels. 41,773 68,.100 608 10,3«0 l,10U Bushels. Buckwheat 1,760 Indian cum 640 Mixed grain 4,380 Potatoes 238,516 Cwts. Flax . 79 Butter . 2,4.32 Maple sugar 38(i Hay, tons, 21,177 Live Stock. 2,."153i Cows 2,4221 Sheep 5,7491 Swine 10,948 1 3,482 Domcitic Muniifucturet. Cloth Flannel Ells. 7.040 5,443 Linen Looms Ells. 6,416 136 Champlain, river, rises in the S. of Cap de la Magdelaine and taking a course n. e. traverses the Aug. to Champlain and enters Batiscan where it turns 8. and after becoming the boundary be- tween that S. and Champlain, falls into the St. Lawrence. Lawfence i« in V. — By the act the SS. of Ste. Marie, Batiscan, sine ; it also in- awrence nearest It contains 5 tirely Canadian, ite. Anne. This rovincial parlia- ;he feiry nearest I. side of the r. well watered by rers are the Ba- implain, part of butary streams. every direction. ;o. is in general rds the interior, ly traversed by ir with much of hopkeepcrs . 5 .'avems i» Artisans « Jiver craft . 5 Tonnage 7.3 lix\ boats . 6 Cwti. lax . 79 litter . 2,4.32 ilaple sugar 38(J lay, tons, 21,177 3,482 Ell>. 6,44« S. of Cap de la traverses the iscan where it boundary be- into the St. CHA Cbamplain and its Augmentation, in the county of Champlain, lie between Cap de la M agdelaine and Batiscan. The seigniory is J ^ 1. in front by 1 league in depth and was granted Sept. 22, 1064, to Etienne Pesard, Sieur de la Touche. The Augmentation, of the same breadth as the seigniory and 3 1. deep, is bounded in the rear by the t. of Radnor and waste crown lands ; it was granted Apr. 28th, 1697, to 3fad. de la Touche, and the present proprietors areAIr.Munro and Mr. Poole. — In the front of the S. the soil is a yellow loam mixed with sand; in the rear it is stronger and better, in many places so good for the cultivation of ilax, that it is to be re- gretted that so profitable and important an article is not attended to. — The timber is various and, though not of first rate quality, is not too much mixed with the inferior sorts. — This S. is watered by the little river Champlain and by many small streams, which rise at a short distance in the in- terior and, winding down the gradual descent to the St. Lawrence in little rivulets, cross the main road, agreeably diversifying the meadows and cul- tivated grounds along the front. The R. Cham- plain works a corn and a saw-mill. — About one third of this seigniory is cultivated in a neat style and, by the side of the Quebec road, displays many good houses with thriving farms almost wholly cleared of wood. — A very small proportion of the aug. is under cultivation; the remainder conti- nues in a state of woodland producing some ca- pital timber. — The narrows of the rivers supply abundance of the fish called petite morue in the be- ginning of winter, and in the spring considerable quantities of eels are taken. The corn grown here is consumed by the inhabitants, who sell a little hay. The horses are, generally, of the Canadian breed. The Parish of Champlain, by a regulation con- firmed by a royal decree. Mar. 3, 1 722, extends 2J 1. along the St. Lawrence, viz. from Batiscun to fief I'Arbre a la Croix, from Champlain to fief de MarsoUet and from I'Arbre k la Croix to Cap de la JIagdelaine, comprehending the depths included in these boundaries.— A few years since, the in- habitants of the V. Hayotte in the p. of Champlain were alormed by the following extraordinary oc currence : a tract of land, containing a superficies of 207 arpents, was suddenly moved about 3fi0 yards from the water's edge and precipitated into the CHA river Champlain, overwhelming in its progress bnms, houses, trees and whatever lay in its course. The earth thus removed, dammed up the river for a distance of 26 arpents The eiil-ct was instan- taneous and accompanied by an appalling sound ; n dense va^mur, us of pitch and sulphur, filled the atmosphere, oppressing those who witnessed this awful convulsion almost to sutfocation. A man named Dube, who was on the ground at the time, was removed with it to a considerable distance, and buried up to the neck, but was extricated from his perilous situation without sustaining any serious injury. The course of the river being thus ob- structed, the waters were swelled to a great height by this extraordinary event. Dube lost an island of 5 arpents, which he had on the river. Anotlier inhabitant, named Ilamelin, also suflered a loss of land, wheat and hay ; and a third, named Francis Gossott, had his hay and grain destroyed. — The parish church and parsonage-house arc near thi- road. - -, Statistics, Population 7a5 Saw mills 2 Tiiverns . '^ (^liiirclies, 11. C. I Tuniieries . 2 Artisans . 12 Curi's . I Alediuil men 1 Uiver-eraft I Presbyteries 1 Notaries . 1 Tonnage . I,') Villages . I Shopkeepers I Keel-Urats I Corn-mills I Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Horses Oxen Buihelt. 10,MU Ouaheli. Potatoes 173,.>(M) Peas . 1,300 BuiheU. Mixed grain l,3ici«, ruisseuux, lues, isles et isletr, et gdii'iuleinent de tout le contenu eiitie les dites boriies.— Les Jesuites ajunt |>«r leur titre iiiiterieur de Uutiscan, iiii quart de lieu iiu Sjud- ouest de In riviOre Champlaih, eetto Omcession ne pouvolt s'eteiidrejiinques-lii, miiis Hvaiit I'uiineu 1721, ils eedirent o -M, Laloiic/ie Clianiplaiu, ee quart de lieue eonipris eiifre leuri. borne et la dite riviire; et c'est uiii-i que la Seigiieuiie est Bctiiellement bornce." — Iminuntiunt 7. faite par /,u»ir de Bnndi; Jomie de fronlcmir. (ioiivi riuur, et JtiiH Bovhart, Iiiteiidant, ti Mad;iine dr l,iil,:Hc/ir, de trois lieui s de terre en profondeur, joi^imiit lu derriere de sa Seigneurie de Champlain, Mir tout la largeiir d'icelle ; tenant d'un ciite au lief de Batiscan, et de I'autre an lief du I C H A bicur llcrtel. — llcrtel ti'eit qu'un arrive fief, cotic/'iK par k-» r(v(Teii(ls I'l TbH Jesuiti'H daiiH li'ur Sei),'iicurie du Cap ill- Mii/.'(Ulciiie." — Rigitlrc (Tlntnidaucc, No. 5,fullo Itt. (JiiAiti.ESBouRa, fief, village and mountainH, v. NoTRK Damk dcs Anoeh, S. Charleston (V.) v. Hatlky, t. Chateauouay, river, in the co. of Bcauharnois, men in several branches descending from the State of New York into Hinchinbrooke, where it forms the Imundary line between that t. and Godman- chester; whence it traverses the S. of Beau- hamois separating Jamestown from Ormstown, South Georgetown from North Georgetown, and Williamstown from Anncstown; it then enters the S. of Chateauguay, waters the settlements of St. Jean, and at the n. r. angle of the S. falls into the St. Lawrence, washing two sides of Isle St. Barnard. About the middle of the third con- cession of Ormstown the Chateauguay receives tlie river Outarde and, near the n. w. angle of Williamstown, the united waters of North Creek, Black River and other tributary streams. The Sturgeon river, from the rear of the S. of Chateau- guay, falls into it about 1^ m. below the church in the Canadian settlements of Williamstown. The Chateauguay is navigable to a considerable distance a1x>ve its mouth for bateaux, the smaller sort of keel boats and canoes. Large quantities of timber were formerly conveyed in rafts down this river from Godmanchester and Beauhamois, but the trade of this article has much diminished since the settlements have increased. Chateauguay, seigniory, in the co. of Laprairie, joins Beauharnois, s. w., Sault St. Louis, n. e. and La Salle in the rear ; the front stretches 2 1. on the St. Lawrence by 3 in depth. — Granted Sept. 29th, 1673, to Mr. Le Moine, Sieur de Longueuil, and at present belongs to the commu- nity of Grey Sisters at Montreal. — Through the whole of this property there is very little variation in the land, which lies nearly on a level and is generally of good quality ; the arable producing very fair crops of grain of all kinds. — All the lands or farms are conceded; about 100 were con- ceded in 1 7o9, each, measuring 3 arpcnts in front by 30 in depth, paying 1 sol toumois per super- ficial urpent and a capon for each front arpent. — There are some good ranges of settlements along the borders of the St. Lawrence, on both sides of the rivers Chateauguay and St. Regis and also in C H A the intermediate spaces, which may be reckoned about one half of the whole grant and they are under pretty good cultivation. This S. has one village and on the west ride of the Chateau- guay, near its discharge, stands the church de- dicated to St. John and on its banks are also a corn-mill and a saw-mill. At the mouth of this n. is Isle St. Bernard, sometimes called Nuns Island, about one superficial mile in extent and very well cultivated. This isle is an appendage to the grant and contains a house usually deno- minated a convent, a term certainly misapplied, for it will in no way answer the description of such an establishment, unless the residence of two members of the order to which the property belongs may be allowed to convert it into a man- sion of that description, — The R. Chateauguay crosses this S. diagonally and is navigable as far as the S. extends. The Sturgeon river rises in the rear of the S. and in a winding course runs through the w. division line into the S. of Beau- hamois. The first waters of the river St. Regis rise in the e. part and immediately leave this S. for that of Sault St. Louis. Population 4396 Churches, R. C- 1 Curi's . 1 Stalistict. Presbyteries . Convents Villages Com-mills Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Biiiheli. 28,000 22,0()0 5,000 Buihelt. Rye . 3,800 Potatoes 60,000 Buthela. Peas . U,1U() Indian com 6,000 Live Stock. 1,219] Cows l.lJOlSheep 2,700 1 Swine 7,aOO| 2,600 Title, — " Concession du 29me Septembre, 1673, a Mr. Lc Moinn, Sieur ilc Longueuil, de deux lieues de terre de front, & commencer dix arpens au-dessous de la riviere du Loup, en montant dans le lac St. Louii, du cot^ du Sud ; et de profoiideur trois lieues, ensemble I'isle St. Bernard qui est a I'einbouchure de la dite riviere." — Foi et Horn- mage. No. W, folio 814., le 21mc Fivrier, I78I. CaAkrx d' Intend. No. 10 a ) 1, folio 425. Chateau Richer, (P.), v. Cote de Beaupre, S. Chatham, township, in the co. of Ottawa, joins Grenville, w., the S. of Argenteuil e., and is bounded in front by the Ottawa river and in the rear by Wentworth. This t. is 9 m. in breadth and 12 in depth; its dimensions, divisions ■-■■ ^^y i C H A T H A M. »y be reckoned rant and they This S. has if the Chateau- the church de- inks are also a ! mouth of this s called Nuns in extent and I on appendage ! usually deno- nly misapplied, ! description of le residence of ch the property t it into a man- I. Chateauguay iBvigable as far n river rises in ing course runs the S. of Beau- river St. Regis sly leave this S. Villages . 1 Corn-mills , 2 luee, Buiheh. Peas . 14,100 Indian com 6,200 Swine 2,600 mbre, 1673, a Mr. lieiies dc terre de lus de la riviere ilu I, du c6t6 du Sud ; I'isle St. Bernard e." — Foi ct Hom- ier, 1781. Ca/iUrt E de Beaupre, CO. of Ottawa, ^enteuil e., and tawa river and s T. is 9 m. in nsions, divisions and subdivisions are with few exceptions the same as other river townships, some of its original grants having been made in i-oropact tracts or blocks, which were subsequently laid out so as to meet the exigency of the actual settlements made previous to the survey in 1U03. The local jw- sition of Chatham is highly favourable, and the lands may be divided into two classes. The first embraces the lands comprised between the Ottawa and the seventh range, which are generally level, risingin some parts intogentle acclivities commonly called maple ridges, and, in other places, fulling by easy slopes that terminate in extensive natural meads that afford rich and excellent pasturage. In- termixed with these are many small cedar swamps which are not, however, of any material disad- vantage. The land in this part of the t. is cal- culated to produce hemp and flax and every va- riety of grain raised in Lower Canada. The lands compo.sing the second class are compre- hended between the seventh range and its rear out- line and are higher and more uneven and broken, being traversed in various parts by mountains and high rising grounds, which are generally inter- mixed with intervals of rich soil. The hills arc in some places barren, particularly on the borders of Orenville. Of this section of the t. ^ may be said to be fit for cultivation, and the lands to that extent were located to Scotch emigrants in 1814, who have since that period improved and culti- vated a large portion. — The timber in this t. is of a superior description, and, though considerable quantities have been felled and disposed of, much valuable pine and oak with some elm are still to be found, also beech, birch, maple, &c. — This t. is watered by the North river, which enters at the 5th concession on the e. side and returns to Argenteuil at the 3rd concession ; and also by the West river, an arm of the North river, which strikes into tiiis t. near the Argenteuil Chute com and saw-mills, and runs through the centre in a s. direction, and is navigable nearly 6 miles through the Chatham lots, where, in the 11th und 12th ranges, it breaks into several lateral streaF^s and irrigates the surrounding country. The .'ots are finely watered by the number x.t streams di- verging from the extreme point of this river. In the rear part are 8 or 9 small lakes, the largest from 40 to 50 acres. By the Riviere du Nord the timber felled in this and some of the adjoining townshi|is is floated down to the Ottawa. — Thv Grenvillc canal begins about 3 ni. within this v. — 34,art of the 8th range, are also under patent an>< were grurited mostly to tl.ic persons ".bove-nam'i an ? ', j Wni. Fortune and thf kte P. L. P»,inl whi«.' jnuent for 2,200 acres Kin. di*,> u> tar lurk -j IJJH). About two thirl) i. Iiereibrii ol'thc Knuts iave been granted within the Itat Zi* y.T.ire, when the first settlements inChntl.ii/a ■oiumenii —8,000 acres ore under coTtivrMrr..— -Thef i'VM range '.'.' this township exhibits mni.-'. })ri>?^n-tcua and fl«ui-,^iin^ settlements, 'vuli ^od wtil <;u'.' \tcd farms, espct-ially aiong the public roa'i ii the second range nvv* I'arm-huuse', an!^ extcniiivc im- provements are ak:iwise to •<,' >•■.:>■ ^, but they art more scattered over the cout -y. Bcjjndtbcrourdi range the vast tra.'is cf ^jnEteti lands, up to tiiu eighth range (in which ai c situated several blocks of crown and clergy reserves) remain almost a total wilderness, -lucking the advancement and prosperity of the ut;w cmigrrni, ;>ettlement m the rear third of Chatham, wIris. uJiabitants are in dustriously contending against the disadvantage of the want of roads to the Ottawa. This new settlement has, however, the advantage of U, general (it for cul- ture, and the front part has been recently surveyed and divided into 4 ranges containing several beau- tiful lakes, on the l)orders of which are the houses of the new settlers. Tiie surface is mountainous and the soil rocky, but not so much as to prevent the establishment of excellent farms. The soil is A clayey sandy loam, for the growtli of wheat and Indian corn not to be surpassed, and is generally lit for any other grain. The timber is chiefly maple and beech, but there are many other va- rieties of useful wood: the maple afl'ords large ({uantities of sugar. h'lOO acres and upwards are under cultivation : the annual prM) Chats, ties, (L.), t: Ottawa, b. Chaudirrr Falls, t-. Ottawa, r. CiiAuniKRB or Kkttlr Lakk, v. Ottawa, n. CiiAUUiKRR, river, in the cos. of Bcauce and Dorchester, derives its origin from the springs and streams that fcwl Lake Megantic, which separates the t. of Marston from Ditchfield ; it flows N. from this lake 4(5 m. to the s. of Aubcrt Oallion and then N. w. into the 8t. Lawrence, a distance of fil m., making its whole course 102 m. from Lake Megantic. — The first stream of any magnitude which falls into the Ciiaudierc is the R. Eugenie in the projected t. of Gay hurst; it then forms the R. Imundary of the x. of Dorset, where it receives numerous tributary streams. The Chau- dicrc is joined by the Grande Coude near the a. angle of the t. of Shenley, and after receiving many rivulets it becomes the partition boundary of the S. S. of Aubert Gitllion and Aubcrt de I'lslc, receiving near the ». w. angle of the latter tlie r. du Loup ; hence it proceeds to tlic b. of \'uiidreuil which it divides into two nearly equal parts with> out being much increased, the small stream Touf- frc des Pins being the only h. it receives in that 8., excepting perhaps cme near its n. division line, which is at present unexplored ; after this it enters tlic S. of Ste. Marie which it traverses, be- coming . ic partition boundary of the S. 8 of St. Ktienne and JoUiet, and in its course receives nu- merous additions but no waters of any note. It then traverses the 8. of Lauion and, alxiut 4 ni. from its estuary, receives the H. lleaurivage and still nearer itn mouth takes in le Grand Rulsseau and then disembogues itself into the St. Law- rence, about ii m. below QiuUt on the oi)jM)!tite side of the river.— Although the Chaiidicrc is not navigable througltout for boats or even canws, on account of its numerous nipidii. falls and other irapedimentji, yet it maintains a character of some importance, being equal if not superior in mag- nitude to tlie St. Francis. — The length of country which it traverses is about 100 miles, and the breadth probably not much less for the most part than 30 ; the extent of land, therefore, which it clear* from redundant waters must be from 2,500 to 3,000 square miles. In breadth it varies from 4 to 600 yards, and its stream is frequently divided by islands, some of them containing many acres and covered with timber-trees: the lianks in ge- neral are high, rocky and steep, rather thickly clothed with wood of indifferent growth ; its bed is rugged and much contracted by rocks jutting from the sides, which occasion violent rapids. The descent of the stream over the different shelves oc- casions falls of considerable heigiit, one of which is particularly celebrated for its beauty and sur- rounding scenery, but the cause, which contributes so much to the grandeur of its api)earance, ren- ders it unserviceable as a water communication. — Although of no utility as a water conveyance, yet the Chaudiere traces out a route whereby an easy lu-cess may be had into the American territories, during the whole year. From Quebec, along the R. bank, there is an excellent road for about TtO m. and thence a tolerably good one in continuation as far as r. du Loup, where tlie < 'anudian settlements at present terminate. — The most celebrated of th« Vhautlirre Falh arc about 4 ni. from its mouth. Narrowed by salient points extending from each side, the precipice over which the waters rush ii scarcely more than \\M) yds. in breadth and the height from which the water desce;ids is about as many feet. Huge masses of riH-k rising above the surface of the current, just at the break of the fall, divide the stream into three portions, forming partial cataracts that unite liefore they reach the liasin which receives them below. The ccmtinual action of the water has won» the rock into deep excavations, which give a globular figure to the revolving ImmIIcs of brilliant white foam and greatly increase the Iwautiful cfl'ect of the fall. The spray thrown up, being (|uickly spread by the wind, produces in the sunshine a most splendid variety of prismatic colours. Tho dark-hued foliage of the wiaids, which on each side press dose niton the margin of the river, forms a striking contrast with the snow-like cfl'ulgcnce of the fall- ing torrent : the hurried motion of the AinhI, agi- tated among the rucks and hollows lu it forces itH I il CHE way towards the St. Lawrence, and the incessant sound occasioned by the cataract itself form a combination that strikes forcibly upon the senses, and amply gratifies the curiosity of the admiring spectator. The woods on the banks of the river, notwithstanding its vicinity to the capital, are so impervious as to render it necessary for strangers who visit the falls to provide themselves with a competent guide. Few falls can be compared with this for picturesque beauty. The best view is to the left from a ledge of rocks that project into the basin, from this spot the scene is surprisingly grand ; the next point of view is from a parallel ledge behind the former ; there is also another good view from the ledge of rocks above the fall, look- ing down and across the fall and up the river. Chawoib or OcAu Droushta, a large Like N. N. w. of Lake St. John. It is on the R. St. Maurice. Chbnb, du, v. Dv Chene. Chertbey, a projected township in the co. of I'Assomption. In this t. is a chain of mountains, beyond which are 3 leagues of rich meadows on which some persons, without any right whatever, have mown upwards of 6,000 bundles of hay. On these mountains are two or three lakes abounding with fish ; beyond which for upwards of 6 leagues the land is very fit for cultivation and produces hard wood, oak, pine and a great quantity of maple from which 50,000 lbs. of sugar are made annually. — At the outlet of the lakes many saw- mills might be erected. — Oood roads are opened as far as this t. — Some of the inhabitants of St. Sulpice settled here before 1821 ; but, having lost their settlements by means of persons who obtained grants from the Crown, they declined settling there. Chksham, a pn>jected township in the co. of Shcrbrooke. Chester, township, in the co. ofDrummond, lies between Tingwick and Halifax, and is bounded N. w. by Arthabaska and h, e. by Ham and Wolfes- town. This t. has great advantages in )H)int of locality with a soil, in every respect, fit for all the purposes of agriculture though still remaining almost unbroken by the plough. The timl>er is mostly beech, maple, pine, birch, elm, basswiKxl, butternut, cedar, spruce and hemlock. — Wiitorcd by largo branuhes of the Nicolot and Btcantotir, which wind through it in various directions. — The whole T. has been surveyed and two quarters CHI of it were granted in 1803, one to the late Joseph Frobisher, Esq. and the other to various indi- viduals ; the other two quarters have been located to the officers and privates of the Canadian mi- litia who served during the last American war. Two or three farms are settled along Craig's Road which traverses this t. diagonally. — Uti' granted and unhealed 4,97^ acres. Slatislics. Population . 10 Annual Agricultural Produce, Wheat Oats Buiheli. 40 . 30 BuiheU. Barley . 10 Potatoes . 250 BuihcU. Indian com 18 Live Stock. Horses Oxen 1 . 3 Cows . 5 Swine . Chevrotiere, t'. La Cuevrotibrb. Chibouet, river, rises in the recesses of the forest in the co. of St. Hyacinthe ; it waters the S. cf De Ramzay and, running in an irregular course, falls into the R. Yamaska near the w. angle of that seigniory. Chichester, a projected township (i ontingthe Ottawa and lying between Sheen and Whatham. It is watered by a stream called the Black River. Chicot, fief, v. Dupab, F. Chicoutiui Post, v. Kino's Posts. Chicoutimi, river, or Shekutisiish which means " further out it is still deep," forms the s. boundary of the peninsula near Lake St. John in the CO. of Saguenay. It rises in Lakes Ouiqui and Kenwangumi, between which and its fall into the Saguenay, about 7^ m. to the s. w., are 6 or 7 portages, otherwise the Chicoutimi would be na- vigable for bateaux ; but on account of the cascades and rapids which render these portages necessary, canoes only can pass up the R., with which the inhabitants of the Post maintain a traffic with those of L. St. John, the more direct communi- cation by the Saguenay, through the Grande DO- chargc, being impracticable. — Soon after the Chi- coutimi has left L. Kenwangomi it falls 16 ft. into a basin surrounded by high mountains, and this fall causes the first portage, called Porlage de.* Horheg or Amini CapntagaH, which extends 200 yards and leads over the rocks which in spring arc covered by the R. The basin here formed by the Chicoutimi is nearly } m. in length. Tliis n, then runs down with considerable swift- k I CHICOUTIMI. the late Joseph various indi- ave been located e Canadian mi* American war. 1 along Craig's iagonallf. — Un- iuce, Buiheli. Indian com 18 Swine , 9 •TIBRB. recesses of the it waters the S. irregular course, the w. angle of ship lontingthe I and Whatham. lie Black River. Posts. UTIMISH which ' forms the s. akc >St. John in Lakes Ouiqui and its fall into e 8. w., are 6 or mi would be na- it of the cascades tagcs necessary, with which the a traffic with lirect communis the Grande Dc- n after the Chi- it foils 15 ft. mountains, and called Portage which extends rocks which in The bosin here j ni. in length, isidcrablc swift- ness for about 1| m. and u embanked by high rocky hills rising to about 200 feet; there the mountains terminate, resting about the region of L. Kenwangomi. The land on the banks then becomes level and appears to improve being tim- bered with spruce, fir, pine, a few elms and cedar. Occasionally on the left, when the fire has burnt up the vegetable mould, the soil is discovered to be rocky and barren. — About 3J ra. below the Portage des Roches is the Portage de I'lslet, or Ministouki Caputagait, so called from an islet in the middle of the R. ; this islet is longer than the portage which is about 700 yards and lies through good land, a rich dark loam timbered with black birch, spruce, pine and ash. The river is then divided into two channels by a large island ; the B. w. channel is broken by cascades and rapids, and the N. E. is a long rapid, which is frequently passed down by canoes. — From the foot of this portage to the Beau Portage, or Milow Caputagan, is two miles; the river averages about 80 or 90 yards wide, its right bank tieing hi^^h and rocky, while its left is good soil timbered with elm, ash, spruce, birch and pine. On approaching the Beau Portage which lies on the right bank the land is a light, coarse, yellow loam possessing a great proportion of sand and is timbered with spruce, white birch, pine and some elm. Beau Portage, alwut 2.')0 yards long, lies through tolerable land, chiefly sandy loam timbered with white birch, red pine, poplar and spruce and avoids the cascades about 20 feet in elevation. — 7i miles hence is the Port- age de I' Enfant, or Waghkow Caputagan ; the bunks of the R. exhibit in this distance much impra\e- ment in soil and timber, the former gcncriilly an argillaceous loam and the latter spruce, elm, ash, fir, pine, black and white birch and some cedar. The river, which varies from 4 to 6 chains in width, is occasionally interspersed with wcU-tiinbcrcd islands, most of which are alluvial. The general course of the river Ictwccn Beau Portage and the Portage de I'Enfant is about N. N. w. ; between these portages the latest explorer met a canoe con- taining an Indian family'; their astonishment at beholding a canoe of strangers was singularly ex- pressed by a smile or rather a silent laugh, for which peculioritT the Montagnois nation is di- stinguished by the Indian nuinc Papinoshuuh, which signifies laughers or sneercrs. Four uiiles from Portage de I'Enfant is Itlr nu Srjiiilrhre, which derives its na..ic from having liecn the burying-place of two persons who were drowned. The Portage de I'Enfant, about 200 yards long, is so caJied from an accident which occurred about 50 } L>ar8 since to an Indian, who, in passing this portag., left a young child in his canoe which was carried off by the current and passed over a very considerable fall without upsetting, to the great surprise of the father and of all who have seen the place. The Falls of I'Enfant are between 40 and 50 ft. taking the cascades collectively. The portage lies over tolerably good land, a yellow loam timbered with spruce, ash, cedar, poplar, elm and pine. From the lower landing it is but 20 chains across the basin ut the foot of the falls to the Portage du Chlen, on the right bank of the river. — The Portage du Chlen also about 200 yds. in length, leads over very good ground and avoids a cascade of about 15 feet in height; it is tim- bered with cedar, fir, birch, red spruce, white and red pine. The land down the R. preserves that character of fitness for settlement which it more or less exhibits from the Portage de I'lslet, and a few streams discharge themselves on both sides. — 1 >, m. farther down is the landing at the Port- age de la Poussiere or Meia Caputagan, vulgarly culled Ka-Ka, at the head of u high full which at its edge is divided by a small island. The portage is nearly 200 yds. long und the falls about 45 ft. — At the Portage of Chicoutimi, above the falls, the river contracts to less than 25 yards while opposite the portage it is about 120. This port- age is about a mile below Ka-Ka. The land in that distance is of an excellent description and the tim- ber is elm, ash, pine, fir and some white birch. I'he Portage of Chicoutimi or Shekutiminh < 'aputagan, 2 ro. in length on the left bank of the river, is very level with the exception of a gulley formed by a small rivulet near its 8. w. end.— The Falls of Chicoutimi are about 40 or 50 ft,, tumbling through a contracted channel over the rocks that interrupt its rapid course into the basin that forms part of the harbour of Chicoutimi, — From an eminence, which overlooks the harbour, the noble stream of the Haguenay is seen to flow in majestic silence towards its confluence with the St. Law- rence. Although not })ossessing the bold features of L. Kenwangomi, the great breadth of the river, the striking scenery, the group of buildings in the foreground and the small solitary chapel on the iidjactnt eminence, form a combination of most Interesting objects,— The banks of the Chicoutimi I 2 :^^ r I C H O ■ ' ' ■ ' are not above 30 feet in height near the R., but at the distance of about 10 chains on each side there is a second bank about the same height. The timber and soil are the same as in the peninsula formed by this B., the Grande Dccharge and the B. B. side of Lake St. John. — However safe the harbour of Chicoutimi may be as to winds and moorings, it cannot accommodate ships of consider- able dr. ught without their groundingat low water ; for vessels that draw more than 1 ^ fathom caunot reach the basin of the Chicoutimi River, on account of the narrow channel between the shoals that set out from Pointe uux Trembles and the Chicoutimi Point, and in the channel the water is at most but two fathoms. Outside of the shoal, which ex- tends about 300 yards into the stream of the Sa- guenay, vessels can anchor in 3, 4, or 5 fathoms, nearing Cape St. Francis about a mile below tlie post. Vessels are also exposed to a very strong current at t)ie ebb tide, which would require their being moored to the shore, besides the anchor. The tide rises between 16 and IB ft. perpendicular in 4\ hours flood. — The harbour and this part of the Sagucnay are frozen over from the 1st or 5th of December to the 10 or I ")th of May. Chibns, avx, river, in Blainville, rises in a small lake or pond about midway of the line that divides that S. from the S. of Kiviire du Chcne. It runs N. E. past the v. of Stc. Therisc and with a gentle inclination b. discharges itself into the R. St. Jean or Jesus. Chikn, w, u small stream that runs into the R. Sagucnay. CiiiouuBiciiB, river and lake, in the iSaguenay country. The River tornis the lake and has two branches forming an angle like that of the rivers Richelieu and St. Lawrence. — The Lake is about 3 1. long and is shallow though deep enough to carry large boats. It is 8eparat(!d by one carrying- place only from Lake C'huamoushuane. CiiiMBi'ANiPKsricK, river, in the co, of Sa- gucnay, runs into the mouth of the St. Lawrence about 1(1 m. above the bay of Seven Islands. CUIN0UA»USII (L.), t'. KlorAOOMI, h. Chinouaoomishimh (L.),t'. Kiguaoomimiiish. ClIIPILOOINISBlB, t'. EabT LaKKB. CiiiSBOUKHATOU, river, rises in the highlands B. of Mistissinnys Lake and running N. w. falls into the Assuapmoussoin nut far from the L. in which that B. rises. Chumonchoan, lake, in the Sagucnay coun- • * • C L I try, not far n. from the l. in which the R. As^ suapmoussoin takes its rise. Chobbe, h la, river, runs into Lake St. John from the n. w. Christie IManob, v. Novan, S. Chuamoubhuanb Post, v. King's Post, Chuamoushuane, river and lake. The river runs into l. St. John and is navigable for large bateaux for many leagues and farther up for bark canoes; on the right and left are several small lakes. Lake Chuamoushuane is formed by an expansion of the B. ; it is nearly ^ 1. long and is shallow though deep enough to carry large boats. Chub, river, runs into the St. Maurice from the N. E , between the Iroquois rapids and the mouth of Ribbon River. Cinqs, deb, river, falls into the B. St. Mau- rice opposite Lower Matawin Island. Clahenwon, township, in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded 8. by Bristol, w. by Lac des Chats, N. by Litchfield and e. by waste lands of the crown. — It possesses numerous small streams, including Prendergast river, all running into Lac des Chats and the Ottawa ; and on the boundury-line sepa- rating the Rth and 9th ranges are two small lakes called Lake Irien and Decoy Lake. — This township is but thinly settled in front and has no regular roads. It is the last t. settled on the N. bank of the Ottawa and is 150 m. from Montreal. — Ungraiited and iinloraled, 31,729 acres. Statistics. CnpiilHtion :suw-inilU 9H ; Corn-mills . 1 Artisans . .'i I ' Putusheries . 1 AiiHiuil Agricultural I'roduie. Wheat Oats . Buiheli. Dutheli. BuihcU. . Wt) i'otntoes 39HI) [ndian corn 1380 . 450 Peas . . :«) Map. su|j. cwts 18 /.in- Simk. Horsen Oxen . 5 Cows . . Iti Swine . 10 . 14 Sheep . . 41 Cmkton, township, in the co. of Shcrbrooke, joins Compton w., Auckland b , Eaton n.. Bar- ford and Hereford s. The surface is mountainous and broken ; the soil good and genendly clothed with birN, seigniory, in the co. of Bonaven- ture, fronts the h. Ristigouche. The Iwundaries of this S. were formerly settled by an agreement between the heirs of Rini- d'Encau and Mr. dc Fronsac. This S. extends from the mouth of the n. Percepic up the b. Ristigouche It has never been settled and is now the projuirty of the crown. An historical account of it and its extent arc in- cluded in the title. Title — " Par Acte de Foi et I{ommai;r reiidii le .'Jme Jiiiii, IT.'Ki, iHir Jtiiii Cluiide l.uuci, an mini A'.tiini- Muiiii, «on (•|imi«(', vciivi' de Hint if Hnnin vt iiii iioiii dii ('ii|ii. tainc Hini d'Eiitau, sun tils, pour It- (\ci d'Encau il |iuruit . COM qu'il esbiba une ordonmnce de Mr. de Champigny, In- tendant, du 28nie Murs, 1691, annexre a une requete, faite par feu le dit Siriir d'Eiitau, ex|>0!«nt que scs titrcH lui avoient ^t^ enlev^ii par les Anfrlois, et demandant d'etre maintenu dans sa |)oi>!iesBion de la riniiie Rittigouclui avec huit lieues de terre de front sur pareille profondeiir, le long de la dite riviere, et le« isles et Itnttures qui m> trouveront devant de la dite <'tonduc,avec droit derluiHse, peche, Xic. La stisdite ordoi'nanco accordant le contenu de cettc requete, sauf seulenient les oppositions que |iourTS iiiire Mr. dc J-'rousac, SeifOicur de Miiamichi. I>c plus un accord cnire les h/'ritiers du dit feu Sieur Rini d'Eiuiin ct Mr. de Fiontac, par lequci Clorldim fut bom# coinnie suit, savuir, cvmmnifiint i reuirie dc h ririere au Porci'pic, qui tombe dunt celle dc Ristigouche, en montant la dilc ri- viire Ristigouche ; cl que let rumbt de ivw/ del ferret i/n dit Sieur d'Kneiiu loUiit Nord-ett el Sud-ouett pour la pro- fondeiir., cmifiinneniriit d leiij: du dit Sieur de Fronsac, et a I'effard du front ou liirgeur Sud-nt et Xord-ouett.' — tn». Con. Sup- leltie I), folio XI. Clyde, river, rises in Lake William in the t. of Halifax, whence, through the line that divides that T. from Inverness, it enters Lake Lomond, taking an a. course. After running through that L. it is soon increased by the Black River from the N. and the Bullet River from the s. After receiving Chaffer's Brook it runs to the division- line of Inverness, near which it enters the R. Be- cancour in the 14th range of the t. of Nelson. CoATicooK or Kawatikouck, river, in the co. of Sherbrooke, rises in the state of Vermont and a little below the v. of Norton enters the rear line of the T. of Barford at its s. w. angle ; then run- ning along the boundary-line it enters the 7th range of the t. of Conipton and running through that T., bearing to the n. k., enters the 7th range of the T. of Ascott, where, near the v. of Len- noxville, it empties itself into the R. 8t. Francis. — In Compton it turns Conroy's mills in the 5th range and Pennoyer's mills in the 2nd. It is so much obstructed by falls, which form good sites for mills, that its only advantage fur transport is the running of logs to the different mills. CoLKiiAiNK, a projected township in the co. of Megantic, bounded n. by Thetford and Ireland, B. by Tring, s. by Winslow and w. by Garthhy. Watered by lake St. Francis and some small lake*: and streams. CuLiTMBiA Falls, v, Ottawa, u. Columbia Pond is a small lake in the T. of Hull at the k. extremity of the fith range. It is fed by a stream that rises in the 7th range, which pantien through the lake and conducts its waters to the Ot- tawa a little B. of the estuary of the Gutineau. Comkathiki;k, (R), v. Kacitatiiibue. CoMMi(*8iONRRn' Lakb, in the co. of .Saguenay. is on the r. Ouiatchouan and is separated frmii COM CON Bouchette L. by Bluebeny hills. It receives so veral rivers, among which are Red river from the N. Wi and the rivers Davis and Oouldie from the w. CoMPTON, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, joins Ascot n. w., Bamston and Barford b. b., Hatley s. w. and Clifton n. k. and is in no re- spect inferior to Ascot. In various parts it has many wide spreading but gentle rises of most ex- cellent land thickly covered with pine, maple and beech timber of fine quality and large size. — Completely watered by the rivers Coaticook and Moose, the former connecting with Lake Tome- fobi and both with the St. Francis, besides many less considerable streams near which are some fine breadths of luxuriant meadow and pasture. —An industrious population, about 120U souls, inhabit numerous settlements on the banks of the rivers, where most of the farms appear to be in a very thriving and excellent condition, generally producing crops of wheat of excellent quality, and in quantity far beyond the home consumption. Many large patches of land might be very beneficially employed in the culture of flax and hemp. The principal rivers work se- veral mills and there are some manufactories of pot and pearl-ash. — Through the most cultivated parts roads have been opened and bridges thrown over the rivers, all kept in good repair, by which a communication is formed with the main road to Quebec and with the state of Vermont. — There are a few traders and artisans, who, in following their respective trades, create something like the first rudiments of commerce and confer a com- parative importance upon this increasing settle- ment. Thu township was erected by patent in 1802, when 26,460 acres were granted to Jesse Pennoyer, Esq. and several associates, much of which was immediately cleared and is the best settled and best cultivated part of the t. ; the greatest portion of this grant is at present held by various settlers, M. Pennoyer having retained no more than a sufficiency for his own use. In the year 1810, 13,110 acres in the castemly part were granted to Sir Rob. S. Alilnes, Bart., and several lots of it are now in an advanced state of cultivation ; the whole, from the general quality of the soil, by a little industry and good manage- ment, might be turned to a very profitable ac- count. — The common price for clearing lands in this T. is from 10 to 12 dollars an acre. Population 180S Churches, Pro. I Schools . 1 Com-niills . 8 Statiitict, Saw-milU Carding-mills FuUing-milU Potasheriet • Pewlasheries 1 Shop-keepers 8 Taverns . 8 Artisans . 9 Annual Agricultural Produce, Buiheli. BiuheU. Buiheli. Wlient . 17,510 Rye . 2,0(X) Peas . 5,100 Oats . 13,160 Buckwheat 1,911 PoUtoes 88,800 Barley . 1,313 Indian com 4^150 , Live Stock. Horses . 803 1 Cows . 1 150 1 Swine . 1870 Oxen . 986 1 Sheep . 8480 1 Connecticut Lake, in the t. of Drayton, forms part of a large R. of the same name that runs into the state of Vermont. CoNTRKCtEUR, Seigniory, in the co. of Ver- cheres, is bounded by Bellevue and Cournoyer B. w., St. Ours N, E. and by St. Denis in the rear. — Two leagues in front by two in depth. —Granted Oct. 29th, 1672, to Sieur de Con- trecoeur and is now the property of the heirs of Monsieur de Laperriere. — The land is rich and fertile, in some few places flat and low but almost every where in a favourable state of cul- tivation ; it produces good crops of grain of ex- cellent quality. So much of this S. issettled that the tracts of woodland are insignificant, in proportion to the whole extent, and in these tracts timber of large dimensions is scarce. — The Ruisseau La Prade, rising about the middle of the S., and several smaller streams contribute to the fertility of the soil and in their course work some mills. — All the lands are conceded and most of them prior to 17^9, on the royal terms. There are five ranges of concessions of different depths, se- parated by as many public roads intersected by others running from the Saint Lawrence, and also by the main road extending from St. Denis and St. Antoine, on the r. Richelieu, to the St. Law- rence, u distance of 2 1. whence there is a ferry to La Valtrie on the opposite shore; the fare is 2s. for a foot passsenger and 78. 6d. for a horse and carriage. In the second range of con- cessions is the Br(tl6 St. Antoine and in the fourth Le Orand BrttU' : these places derive their appellations from the method, sometimes adopted, of clearing the lands by burning the wood upon the ground where it is felled, after such parts of it as are wanted for immediate use are removed ; or else by setting fire to the trees and underwood while i-tanding : when once fairly on fire, they COT h i\ COT 'eariagheriM 1 ihop-keepcn 8 ''avemi . 8 Irtisana . 9 tec. Buiheli. >eas . 5,100 'outocs 82,800 Iwine . 1870 r. of Drayton, une name that le CO. of Ver- mel Cournoyer Denis in the two in depth. Sieur de Con- of the heirs of ind is rich and and low but le state of cul- of grain of ex- settled that the t, in proportion tracts timber of Ruisseau La of the S., and to the fertility )rk some mills. most of them s. There are ent depths, se- intersected by rrence, and also St. Denis and to the St. Law- lere is a ferry hore; the fare 78. 6d. for a 1 rang;e of con- le and in the ces derive their etimes adopted, the wood upon r such parts of e are removed ; and underwood ly on fire, they will ofken continue to bum for weeks before the flames are subdued. How far the conflagration has spread is shown by the blackened and scorched appearance of the contiguous woods, and by the many half consumed trunks and roots that remain for yean in the ground, being extirpated only as the fanner's leisure offers convenient opportunities. Accidental fires sometimes occur in the forests, which, being spread by the wind, and no means taken to extinguish them, occasion brfiles to a great extent. — There are two neat churches and parsonage-houses in this S. but no village; the houses however are numerous, distributed along the different roads in the concessions and towards the banks of the St. Lawrence. — The group of small islands in front, called Les Islets de Con- trecoeur, is an appendage to the S. Title—" Concession du 29me Octobre, 1672, faite par Jeau Talon, Intendant au Sicur de Conlrecaur, de deux lieuen de terre de frunt sur autant de profondeur; ii prendre sur le fleuve St. Laurent, depuis les terres du Sicur de St. Ourt, jusqu'a celles du Sieur de VUkray."— Calikrt d' Intend. 2 i 9, folio 190. Coo Coo Cash, river and lakes, in the co. of Quebec, are between the rivers Flammand and Vermilion which fall k. into the St. Maurice above the North Bastonais river. Copps Village, v. Stanstbad, t. CoRiBOu, river. This small stream runs into the Saguenay just below Cap St. Francois. CoBUPscouL (R.) V. Casupsgull. CoTB de Bbaupbe, seignory, in the cos. of Saguenay and Alontmorenci, joins Beauport a. w. and reaches to the r. du Oouifre n. b. extending 16 leagues on the St. Lawrence by 6 in depth. —Granted Jan. l.'ith, 1636, to Sieur Cheffault de la Regnardicre ; now the property of the eccle- siastics of the seminary of Quebec. — This very extensive seigniory is more mountainous than any other in the province, yet it contains a large pro- portion of rich and fertile land. The niture of the soil varies much ; on the low grounds along the front, from BcHuport to Cap Tourmente, is a dark-coloured mou)d of good quality, occasionally mixed with sand, clay and marl ; on the higher lands is for the most part a strong black earth, which, as ic approaches the mountains, gives place to a yellowish loam. — Beech, maple, birch, pine, hickory and basswood are very abundant, also the inferior kinds, cedar, spruce fir, hemlock, &c.— - From the n. b. extremity of this S. to Cap Tour- mente, rather more than 22 m., is a strip of land vnyiiig in breadth from ^ m. to 1 m. bounded n. by an eminence of considerable elevation : the part of this space not under tillage is very excellent meadow land ; the outer margin, at low water, is a continued marsh of not much less than 1 m. in width visited by wild-ducks, snipes and plover in nmasing numbers. Beyond this level the ground continues to rise by gradations until it reaches thc' lofty mountains in the rear. Cap Tourmente is a bold bluff point, rising 1892 ft. above the St. Law- rence and a very prominent object ; hence to Cap Maillard, another bold promontory about 6 1. down the river, there is a continuation of capes and projecting points, which, varying greatly in their size and height, rise abruptly from the beach; at their base is the roule called Le Chemin des Caps, which is the only means of communication between the two places and not passable at high water. From Cap Maillard to Cap de la Baie, nearly 3 1., is a narrow space between the river and the rising ground in the division called La Petite Riviere, similar to that westward of Cap Tourmente, which u very well cultivated. Pro- ceeding by the Bay of St. Paul and the river du Gouffre, the country is exceedingly moun- tainous; but the soil is good, thickly inhabited and well cultivated. — This seigniory is watered by a great many streams running into the St. Lawrence and the river du Gouffre; the more considerable are — Muntmorenci Du Sault k la Puce Au Chien Ste. Anne Du Domuine Du Sault au Cochon Bras du nord^ouest Gouffre Des Mares Remus, &c. &c. du The corn-mill, formerly on la Petite Riviere, is now erected on the river du Sault k la Puce. The old mill on the r. Remus was on the b. of the road ; the new one is built on the w. side about 1^ aipent from the old site. — This seigniory is divided into 8 parishes, viz. — Ange Uardien Chateau Richer Ste. Anne St. Joachim In each of these parishes are one church, one parsonage-house, one corn-mill and several saw- mills. — The best cultivated and most populous di- visions of the seigniory are Ange Gardien, Chateau Richer, Ste. Anne, St. Joachim and the settlements of St. Fer^ol. Between the settlements of St. Fi- r6ol and those of La Petite Riviere a barren tract St. FMo\ La Petite Riviere Baie de St Paul St. Urbain, IIbI ', [ v T f; COTE DE BEAUPRE. intervenes 5 1, in length, which has always proved most injurious to the progress of the settlements about St. Paul's Bay, there being no means of communication between the two settlements, ex- cept by water and the uncertain route of Le Chemin des Caps. — The roads in this important S, have undergone considerable improvements latterly. The road traced in 1815 by the Dep. Grand Voyer, Chevalier D'Estimanville, which runs circuitously along the front of the 8., being found inconvenient, a new one has been opened by order of the legislature and money for its com- pletion voted. This road was opened in 1818 by Mr. Foamier, under the direction of the commis- sioners of roads appointed by the Assembly; it ex- tends from the n. w. end of the Route de St. An- toine to the r. Ste. Anne, 29J- miles. The sum of 1000/. having been voted for the purpose of making settlements on this road, 13 settlers were established previous to the 8th Jan. 1830, and a house was then being built for a settler at the 14th or last post. — The mean depth of the cul- tivated lands in this S., measuring from the front, is as follows: Atpenls. Aiige Gardicn 30 Chateau Richer 30 ArpenU. Ste. Anne 40 St. Joachim 2o Atpeati. St. F^r^l 30 The height of the most elevated parts of the S. is as follows: Cap Tourmente . 1802 feet, measured. Montagne Ste. Anne ISHX) feet, supposed. Cap Maillaid . 2200 feet, supposed. Mountain Remy from 6 to 700 feet. The Parish oJ'Ange Gardien, by a regulation of Feb. 20, 1721, confirmed by a decree of Mar. 3, 1722, extends 1| 1. along the St. Lawrence and is bounded w. by the r. Montmorenci ; s. by the R. du Petit- Pre which separates it from the p. of Chateau Richer ; it comprehends the whole depth of that part of the S. All the farms in this p. .v'ere conceded previous to 1759, each extending 3 arpents in front by 1 \ league in depth, at the rate of 20 sols for each front arpent. This parish is populous and well settled and the main road, passing along the eminence almost fronting the river, presents a number of very good houses on each side, which, with those on the rising grounds more in the interior, have a most picturesque effect. Many young ngrijulturists have lefl this p. and that of Chateau Richer and settled in the districts of Montreal and Three Rivers ; but none go to the townships. The Parish of Chateau Richer, by a regulation confirmed by a royal decree of March 3, 1722, in which it is called la Paroisse de la Visitation de Notre Dame, extends w. from the a. du Petit* Pr^, which separates it from the parish of Ange Gardien, to the r. au Chien k. which divides it from the p. of Ste. Anne. It runs 2^ 1. along the shore of the St. Lawrence and comprehends the whole depth of that part of the S. In this p. are the ruins of a Franciscan monastery, built at the beginning of the last century, on a little rocky promontory on the bank of the St. Lawrence ; its destruction took place at the time the British army, under General Wolfe, was encamped on the e. side of the river Montmorenci : the exterior walls and part of an adjoining tower still remain. On a rising ground, in the rear of these ruins, stands the parish church, rather a handsome structure with two spires : from this spot a wide-spreading and beautiful prospect unfolds itself, comprehend- ing a large portion of the river. Cap Tour- mente, the Island of Orleans, Cape Diamond and the intermediate scenery of well-cultivated tracts hounded by distant mountains to the n. and s. About \ league from the church is a charming cascade on the river Sault a la Puce. — All the farms in this parish were conceded before 1 759, each 3 arpents in front by IJ league in depth, paying a quit-rent of 20 sols for each front arpent. The Parish of Ste. Anne, by a decree of the council of state, Mar. 3, 1722, which confirmed a regulation of Feb. 20, 1721, extends one league in front along the St. Lawrence and is bounded w. by the p. of Chateau Richer and b. by the p. of St. Joachim from which it is separated by the R. Ste. Anne, and stretches to the rear line of the S. — All the lands or farms in this p. were conceded prior to 1759, each extending 3 arpents in front by 1^ league in depth, subject to the moderate payment of about 2 livres old currency for each front arpent as a kind of quit-rent. The Parish of St. Joachim, by a regulation made Sept. 20, 1721, confirmed by a decree of the coifncil of state, March 3, 1722, extends l.V leagues along the St. Lawrence from Cap Tourmente B. to the R. Ste. Anne, w. and n. — This is one of the most beautiful parishes in Lower Canada ; it is thickly inhabited and the lands arc of good quality and in high cultivation, pro- ducing wheat and other grain very plentifully ; it contains also some very luxuriant pasturage. COTE DE BE AUTRE. -, by a regulation ' March 3, 1722, e de la Viritation I the R. du Petit* le parish of Ange which divides it us 2^ 1. along the comprehends the S. In this p. are itery, built at the on a little rocky it. Lawrence ; its the British army, tped on the k. side ixterior walls and II remain. On a lese ruins, stands ndsome structure a wide-spreading self, comprehend- iver. Cap Tour- ape Diamond and l-cultivated tracts to the N. and s. ch is a charming I Puce.— All the ded before 1769, league in depth, each front arpent. a decree of the which confirmed (tends one league and is bounded !r and k. by the t is separated by 10 the rear line of in this p. were tending 3 arpents h, subject to the rres old currency f quit-rent. by a regulation I by a decree of I, 1722, extends rence from Cap nne, w. and N. — parishes in Lower ind the lands arc cultivation, pro- very plentifully ; iriant pasturage. Nearly all the farms in this parish were conceded prior to 1759, each extending 2 or 3 arpents in front by 1^ league in depth, subject to a quit- rent of about 2 livres old currency per front ar- pent ; for the small number of farms conceded since \^aQ the seigniors must pay very moderate rents, for the fanner, who pays most, is annu- ally charged for his farm only 9«. Q\d. in money and u quarter of a bushel of wheat ; the greater number pay much less. The forms in this pa- ri!i!i are very unequal in extent and much di- vided ; many on the St. Lawrence are 1^ league in depth by 1, 2, or 3 arpents in front ; others are bounded N. w. by the river Ste. Anne, s. r. by the St. Lawrence and the road called Trait- carri and some on that road by a concession called St. Elzeard ; so that the depth of these farms varies from about 25 to 76 arpents. Be- sides the farms of a uniform breadth, there are others varying from a quarter of an arpent to 15 or 20 arpents. The only part of all these farms (it for cultivation is that extending from the St. Lawrence to the foot of the hills ; it would be useless to attempt to turn the other parts to profit. These farms are so much divided that a farmer sometimes possesses land in 5 or 6 difTerr-nt places. The farmers, in general, rear their la- milius in rustic respectability aud nothing more. All the lands fit for cultivation are occupied; many are unconceded n. e. of St. Fcrtol, but the climate is there so severe that com cannot generally be grown to advantage; the farmers, therefore, instead of breaking up new lands, have neither the courage nor the means of cultivating the lands conceded between 1740 and 1750. — The new road communicating from St. Paul's Bay to this parish traverses some good lands lying N. B. of St, Joachim parish and n. w. of la Chaine des Caps, extending from Cap Tour- mente to Cap Maillard. — The parochial church has nothing remarkable in its exterior, but the in- terior is decorated in the most elegant manner, and it would be difficult to select a parish in all the province whose inhabitants excel those of St. Joachim in social, moral, and religious duties. — In this parish, delightfully situat.il on a rising ground, at a short distance from Cup Tourmente, is u chuniiing country residence called le Coteau Fortin, with a chapel and various outbuildings, belonging to the seminary of Quebec, to which many of the superiors retire every year during the summer. — From 150 to 200 barrels of eels arc caught by the inhabitants in this p. and at les Caps. The Parish of St. Fereol lies N. w. of the parish of St. Joachim and is about 2 1. in front. The settlements range chiefly along the w. bank of the R. Ste. Anne for about 6 m. ; and the cleared lands commence 5 or arpents k. of the Riviere a la Rose. Some of the inhabitants are sufficiently rich, but many of them ore poor and receive cha- ritable assistance from the inhabitants of the ad- joining p. of St. Joachim. The Parish 0/ Petite Riviire, by a regulation of Sept. 20, 1721, confinned by a decree of the council of state, Mar. 3, 1722, extends one 1 in front along the St. Lawrence. The road through the settlements of this parish is, for about 6 miles, well settled on each side, the houses neat and the farms in a respectable state of tillage. The road continues to La Martine, a settlement about 3 m. in the interior, whence it goes through Cote St. Antoine and C<^te St. Gabriel, as far as the R. Remus, about 10* miles. At short intervals through this route are houses and forms in a flourishing state. From 8 to 900 barrels of eels arc annually caught by the inhabitants in this parish and at des Caps in the neighbourhood. The Parish of Baie de St Paul, by a decree of the 3rd of March, 1722, which confirms the re- gulation of Sept. 20, 1721, includes the S. of du Goufire, .1 1. ou the St. Lawrence s. w. and the Isle aux Coudres. In St. Paul's Bay and along the river du Gouffre the settlements are girted by a lofty range of mountains, stretching n. from the St. Lawrence and enclosing a valley about 13 m. in length and from 1 to 1 1 m. in breadth, the greatest part of which is numerously inhabited and very well cultivated, notwithstanding the land is in many places very rocky and uneven : several spots on the sides of the hills, being difficult of access from their elevated and precipitous situation, are tilled by manual labour and are extremely fertile in grain of most kinds. On this tract the houses of the inhabitants are nearly all of stone, very well built and whitewashed on the outside, which greatly adds to the gaiety of the general prospect of the settlement, as well as to the neatness of their individual appearance. Several small streams descend from the mountains, and after meander- ing through the valley fall into the Riviere du Gouffre, turning in their way several saw and corn-mills. The main road passes at the foot of K ^' ^1 ■ l: ^)l V m c o u the bounding heights to the extremity of the cul- tivated land in Cdte St. Urbain, and on each side presents many neat and interesting farms and set- tlements in a very improved state. The church of St. Pierre is situated on the banJi of the Riviere du Goufire. The Parish of St. Urbain, by a decree dated Sept. 8, 1827, extends about 9 miles along the n. du Oouffre by about 9 miles in depth. — This p. is watered by two arms of the du Gouffre. — The soil c o u is sandy.— Several saw-mills are about ^ 1. from the chapel ; and on the rivulet Remy is seated the new seignorial mill at a short distance from the old one. In this p. is a consideraUe quantity of iron ore and a magnetic ore, a large specimen of which the author laid before the literary society of Quebec with specimens of white lead : this ore was found in the vicinity of the lower corn-mill at St. Paul's Bay. Statistical Table of the Seigniory of Cote de Beaupri. Parishes. ! s r* 1 1 L i i 1 c 1 1 e it c it e r * 1 J. < . 1 £ X 1 2 C 1 I'J 41 187 247 1 1 2 3 It Annual Agricultural Produce, iii bnihel-^. Live snick. ! 9. 1 'I *6oOO 1092(J : 2132 1 9340 2m- 9360 laooo 59080 a 5 4572 3000 750 5200 1500 650 2340 1 s iS 1 S S 1 Ange Gardien 701 Cliateau Richer J037 Petite Kivitre .337 Sainte Anne 692 St. Fer6ol 519 St. Joachim 689 St. Paul and > .,i-ou St. Urbain \ f^^ \ I 7 1 J 4 1 a 3 1 I 31 33 1 1 3 i 8 2 1 G 4 'I 3 4 .3(1 4« 130 740 260 15C 130 2000 520 780 910 5200 3180 2850 6500 3500 6200 18206 676 740 520 650 130 390 607 49 49 130 61 49 C7 405 236 360 100 234 16S 240 683 .354 510 171 1521 258 360 1365 590 1888 900, 2880 210 450 1755, 1872 430 1376 600; 1920 1810 3664 i 1652 720! 250 1638 314 48lt 2270 Total . . 6603 7 5 18072 401( 221045936 371:j »15 45696295 1405oi7354t Title. — " Concession du 15me Janvier, 1636, faite par la Compagnie, au Sieur CheffauU de la Rignurdiirc, situce du c6tc du Nord du fleuve St. Laurent, contenant I'etendue de terre qui se trouve depuis la borne du cbtk Sud-ouest du dit fief, qui le s^parc d'avec cehii ci-devant appartcnnat au Sicur Gijiird, en descendant le dit fleuve St. Laurent, jusqu'4 la riviere du Gouffre, sur si.x lieucs de profondeur dans les terres ; avcc les isles du cap bruK', I'islet rumpu 'et autres islets etbattures au devant de ladite Seigneurie." —Rtgiitre d'lntendufice. No. 10 li 17,/o/io 667. CouDEE, Grande, river, rises in and runs through waste lands belonging to the crown, and empties itself into the R. du Loup, opposite the t. of Jersey in the co. of Beauce. CoUGHNAWAOA (V.), V. SaULT St. LoUIS, S. CouLANGE (L.), V. Ottawa, b. CouLES DE8 Roches, river, in the island of Montreal, rises in the COte de St. Leonard, and running N. e. for about 3 m. turns n. and falls into the r. des Prairies opposite the n. e. end of Isle Jesus. CoUIiEUVRES, DES (L.), l'. L. St. JoIIN. COURCELLES (I.), V. DoRVAL, I. CouHNOYKB, fief, in the co. of Nicolet, lies contiguous to Dutord and is bounded n. e. by Gentilly. — J 1. in front by 3 1. in depth, but the original title has not been discovered. It now be- longs to Etiennc Le Blanc, Esq. — Towards the rear the land is higher but in all other respects precisely similar to Becancour, and the timl)er is nearly of the same species that prevails there. Two-thirds of the land is well settled and in a superior state of cultivation. Title.—" Situe au Sud du fleuve St. Laurent, contenant une demi lieue de front sur trois lieues de profondeur, tenant du cote du Nord-cst au fief de Gentilly et du cote du Sud-ouest nu tief de Dtitort, appartenant uux heritiers de feu Sieur Linetut — Par le reglemcnt des paroisses fait par le Gouvenieur et I'lntendaut, cet fief est cite pour avoir deux lieues do front sur trois de jjrofondeur."— /?e- ffislre du papier Terrier, folio 204, le 'ime Mart, 1725. CouRNOYEB, seigniory, in the co. of Vercheres, is bounded n. w. by Vercheres and Bellevue ; a. w. by Beloeil ; n. e. by Contrecoeiir and in the rear by the r. Richelieu. — 1 J leagues in front by 2 in depth. Granted March 1st, 1695, to Sieur de Coumoyer, and is now possessed by Joseph Tous- saint Drolet, Esq. — All this S. is conceded and settled and the land is nearly similar to that of Vercheres and Contrecoeur, chiefly of good qua- lity, producing wheat and other grain in abund- ance. The best cultivated part is on the banl; of the Riclielieu and towards Contrecoeur; the quan- tity under management is about two-thirds of the whole. The uncleared lands are chiefly at the N. w. angle, and aflbrd wood of inferior kinds onlv. — It is watered by the Richelieu and the % about ^ 1. from any u seated the stance from the aUe quantity of large specimen e literary society tc lead : this ore lower corn-mill 6 331 5.10 o! 171 41521 i: 258 Oj 3C0 31365 _l 514569 I 50O 900, 210 1755 430 600 1888 2880 450 1872 1652 720! 250 1638 1376 344 1920 480 1810 36642270 I } 6295 140,5017354) nd the timber is t prevails there, settled and in a Laurent, contcnunt ues de profondeur, GentHly ct dil cute tenant uux heritiers It des |)aroi88es fait ; fief est citr pour jnofondeur."— Re- ne Mars, 1725. CO. of Vercheres, 1 Bellevue ; s. w. and in the rear in front by 2 in 95, to Sieur de by Joseph Tous- is conceded and imilar to that of ;fly of good qua- grain in abund- is on the bank of ;caeur; thequan- two-thirds of the re chiefly at the of inferior kinds ichelieu and the c o u Ruisseau Oaudete. — The roads are generally good and an excellent one leading from the village of Vercheres, close to the St. Lawrence, and follow- ing (he Richelieu joins the main public rood to Chambly, &c. — Although there is no village there is one school for boys. — Oxen ns well as horses are used in agricultural labour. One-half of the wheat grown is consumed in the S., the other half is sold either as com or flour. — Three ferries over the Richelieu. — Three concessions in front, of an irregular shape, arc in the Parish of St. Mark; tlie church, 120 ft. by 50, is on the bank of the Richelieu. Statistics of the Parish of St. Mark. Population 1173 Churches, R. C. 1 Presbyteries 1 Schools Corn-mills Tanneries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans 1 2 15 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Ouihelii. , 15,(iOO 9,100 200 Buihelf. I Duiheli. Potatoes 21,5(X) Indian corn 100 Peas . 4,0(X)i aiixedgnun 910 Rye . 2,600 1 Maple sug. cwL 28 Live Stock. 420 1 Cows 380 1 Sheep 620 1 Swine 2,100 1 380 Title. — " Concession du Icr Mars, 1695, faite par Louii dr Buade, Gouvcrneur, et Jean Bochart, Intendaiit, au Sicur de Cournoyer, de deux lieues de terre de front siir |iareille profondeur du cute du Nord de la riviere Hiche- liciii a commencer a la Soipneurie du Sieur Joseph Ilerlel, en descendant la dite ri\i'ire."—mgistrc d'Intendance, Xo. i, folio 19. CuuRVAii, seigniory, in the co. of Yamaska, is in the rear of Bale St. Antoine or Lefebvre and extends to the t. of Wendover. — 2 1. in breadth by 3 in depth. Granted Sept. 25th, 1754, to Sieur Cressc and is now possessed by — Badeam, Esq. — But little of this grant is cleared ; the land how- ever is much above mediocrity : in a fe .. swampy places is found the timber usual on a wet soil ; the uplands produce beech, maple, birch and pine. — This S. is watered by the 8. w. branch of the Nicolet and by the St. Francis, on which is a corn-mill belonging to the seignior. — The settlers are established upon the banks of the two rivers and have improved their farms very fast ; their number would have been greater if the rents im- posed were more easy. — The only road is that from St. Antoine to the new townships. TK/c— " Concession du 25me Septembre, 1754, faite au Sieur Crcsse, par le Marquis Duqucme, Gouvemeur, et Fratifoit Bigot, Intendant, de deux lieues de front sur t o x truiii lieuoB de |>rolundeur, situic au bout de In profondeur de la Seipieurie vulKuireniriit iiumm(e la Bait SI, Antoine oil du I'eivrr, au bord du l«o St. Pierre, Iaf|uellr Selgneurie li deux lieues ou environ de front, sur deux lieues seiile- inent de profondeur, et »e trouve enclavie cntre le lief du Sieur Vresti nerr, an Nord-cst, ct im autre fief appartc- naiit au Sieur I.Hisaudiire au e pour la dcvanture pur la rive du Nurd de la riviere de V A»»ovif.tion ; du cot* du Sud-ouest par la ligne de la continuation de la Seigneurie de Luvaltrte ; d'autre cott', ail Nord-cst par une ligne parnlUle, tenant aux tcrres non-concedees, et dans la profondeur par une ligne pnrnl- Ule a la devanture; joignant aussi uux terres non.coti- ci'dces." — Itfgiatre it Intendance, Ko, H, folio 14. DaRTIGNY (S.), v. VlLLERAY, S. DAuniiN, river, in the island of Orleans, is a D A U DEL ITE, S. )NAIB, R. sion of the earlier it lies between centre of a range of the river aiix 3. of Aubert de 1(1 is bounded N. . R U', d'un terrein de deux lieuesi dc front sur deux llenoh dc profondcur, du cote du Nord-est de la riviere du Saull de III Cliaudiire, avec les isles et islets ijui sont dans lii dite rivijrc du coti' du Nord-est; a euniMU'iicer a la fin d'uutrt's trois lieues conc/'d^es an Sieur Jonfh Flcuri/ dr la Corgrndicre et tinir aux terrce non>cuncedrei."— Mif- gUln d'lnlcnduHCC, JVu. 8,yi)/(i» 12. Dk Peirab, f. MiTid. De Kamzay, seigniory, in the co of Berthier, joins d'Aillebout and is bounded n. k by the t. of Brandon. — 1 J 1. in front by 4 1. in deptli. (iranted 7th Oct., 1730, to Dame Genevieve dc Kumzay, widow of Sieur de Boishi'lwrt, and is now the property of the heirs of the late Hon. P. L. Panet. — This grant, as well as d'Aillebout, consists of good rich land in the lower part, but in the rear, approaching tnc mountains, the soil is either a hard unfruitful clay, upon which the farmer's lalxmr would be thrown away, or irre- gular and broken strata of rock ; it is however 1 ;!<• 1 . D E R D E S diicc. Duilitli. 'm Buck wheat 2,000 ^ Indiun corn 1,080 «5 M. sugar, cwts. 38 ) Swine . 3,000 U il, \73:i, fuite par "m uvcrneur, et Gillei im| isigroi lie Ury, dc h5 re de ChamUy, sur •'^' cHX lieui'8 de front ■ ''m picurie du Sieur dc *Sm 'moiitunt vers le lac .'% Ducst du nionde, et -'-I n.conc6d<'e8. " — tti- ri^- [}. of Bcauce {vide '^audreuil ; w. by it from Aubcrt Jersey and waste Granted, in 173G, and now belongs Bred by the rivers ''amine. In the y extensive tracts itcnihre, 17.30, faite il, (touveriieur, et Gabriel Aubiii, De front Hnr deux licue.s c i« riviere An Saull ;t» qui Kont dans lu euiniMeiicer a In iin cur Jmcfih Flciirii de >n-coneedeeii. '—Hi- e CO of Berthier, d N. K by the t. |r 4 1. in depth, mc (Jenevii've de )oisht'l)ert, and \r of the late Hon. ell as d'Aillebout, le lower part, but lountnins, the soil , upon which the rn away, or irrc- •k ; it is however 4 tolerably well timbered with beech, birch, maple, some oak and a little pine, besides the common sorts for fuel. — A small range on the w. Iiank of the It. L'Assomption is all that is under culture. — The village lies on the main road that leads to* wards Berthier from the B. L'Assomption; it consists of 2/1 or 30 houses, of which the most con- spicuous is that of Mrs. Panet. The highlands stretching across the S , in the rear of the v., produce a very pleasing effect. Tille — " ("oncession du Tine Octobre, 1730, fuite |mr t'liarlfi Marqiiia de Beauharno'tM, Gouvenieur, et Gillet lliici/uart, Iiiti'i.duiit, k Uuine CenevUic dc Kavuiiij, veuve (hi leu Siciir dc Hniilu'lirrt, d'une lieue et dcniie de tcrre de front Kur (|uutre lieueii de profondeur, boni/e sur la de- vantiire par lu rive du Nord dc la rivii're de tAaamplkm, dii cotr dii Siid-Ouest par la lignc dc la cuncesKioii iiou- vi'llcinciit Hccordie au Sieur d^Argentcuil; d'autrc, au Nurd- list par une lignc parallele, teuiint aux pruluiigutiun de lu Sei),MUMiric d'Anlnijn ; et dans lu |)rufondeiir pur une ligne panilli'le i la dcvanturc, joigtiunt ausxi aux tcrres non-conccdic's." — Uee'ulrr d'Inlendanee, A'li. 8, ,/o/io l.i. Dk Ramzav, seigniory, in '-he co. of St. Ilya- einthc, is bounded 8. w. by the 8. of St. Ilyucinthe ; K. and N. K. by the t. of Upton ; 8. w. by St. Charles Yamasku and Bourchcmin. — .'i 1. in front by '^ in depth. Grunted 17th Oct. 1710, to Sieur de Hanizny and is now the proj)crty of the heirs i)f P. Lungan, Esq. — Wry little of this S. is cul- tivated, or even cleared. Judf^ing of the quulity of the land from the timber, there is every reason to suppose tiiat it might be brought into use with very good prospects. Towards llu' N. K. arc some swamps thickly covered with cedar and spruce fir, the certain indication of such a soil ; tlie wootls on the higher parts are of much iietter kinds and, in some places, show the ground to he (if a stnmg and good quality. This S. is watered liy the river Chibuuet. f^tat'mtiei'- l'ii|iiilnlioii ,'{80. ('orii-niilU . I Nolurics I ( liiirelics, I'ro, 1 i Sinv-inilU . I 1 'Javerim . I ( iiivit . 1 1 Mcdicul men 1 1 Artisans . Anniiiil Ajfileulliiriil I'loduer. ■luillrli. UiuhiU. I lliiihtia. .'i,l^!l I'l.liilnex .'{.MM IJiickwliciK lllll '■i,\H») \\»- . I.lio.i! Inilinii corn ll!l KNI Hye . WOi Mir .S7i«A-, Horns . It.3 Cowii . .'HiHi Swine . VJl Oxen . Ii;j| Sliccp . 7781 Tilli: — " Conccsdldii du I7iiic Octolirc, 1710, fuite an Sirur i/r Hiim^au, de ri'teniliic ilc troin liciii^'t dc lirre dc front -iir trois liciies dc prol'ondciir, Kuvoir, line liciie ct dcniic HiidcHMHis de la riviirc Sillmml, ipii tuiiibe daii*< lu livicrc )'iihii(jA,i. et line licue et dcniic uu dc«Min, coiirant iln Nordcit uu "^iid-oiiest, avce lea ir.lc» et isletn i|ui »e WllCIlt Oats Uurli'y troiireront dans la ditc riviere, vifua.vis de la dite con- cciiiiinn : et domiunt k la dite concession le nom de Hiim- xiit/." — Hegiiirt del f'vl et llomnuige. No. 96,/o/lo (iV, It •Zme Jativter, 1781. t'a/iifr» d'lnlcndaHce, No, 8 .1 !», fulio 33K Derby, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, lies b. of Portland and n. of Buckingham and Lochaber. Deschaillonb, isle, in the r. Richelieu and in the centre of the S. of St. Ours. The Ruis- seau la Prade falls into the Richelieu n. w. of this isle, and the v. of St. Our?* is about 1 m. to the 8. E. Di:8('iiAiLi.0N8 (S.), V. St. Jean Debchail- L0N8, S. Deschambault, seigniory, in the co. of Port- neuf, is bounded N. K. by the barony of Portneiif ; a. w. by La Chevroticrt ; by the St. Lawrence in front ; by waste lands of the Crown in the rear. — One 1. in breadth by three in depth. Grunted Mar. 1, 1().'»2, to Demoiselle Elconore de Gruude Muison and now lielungs to Louis de la Gorgeu- diere, Esij. and the Hon. Juchereau Duchesiiay. — This, in almost every resiK'ct, is a very valuable property ; the soil is of unexceptionable quality, being a mixture of go7() CliurcliL^, U. C 1 Ciirrs . 1 I'rci-liytt'rit's 1 Sclidols . 1- \'illi,Kl'H . 1 (uni-iiiitls . 2 ('uriliiiK-iiiills 1 S,,\v.inilN . 5 .Sliip-yiirds . 4 .Mi'dii'iil iiU'M 1 Notaries . 1 Slio|iki'i'i)t'rs ,1 'I'avi'riis . 1 Artisans . i.i Hivcr-craft . 1.1 ToniiuKc . .537 Ki'cl-liuiits . -^ A nil It al ^-tffr'u'iiltitrttl J'rodiur. Outs nuahrU. 10,111(1 ll,,i(X) Buihela. liilllcy . 1,1,,0 rolatocs i.v;«Ki Tens . (),,j(K) Imlian corn IU() I. ill- AV Mk. (Jxiii . lii) . bo ( IIWS Sliei'i) l.UO (i,(XH) Swine . !(«() mii: -" ('oiiceii!iion flu ler Mum, I03K, Cuitc par Air. ill- l.aiciiii a Ilt'inniNcIlc Eli'ninrc ilr (iriiiidmuiwii, silili'i' an Niiril du tlcnve .SV. I.niirnil, runtennnt iiric lienc de Iriint »ur trois lieni's de prutundeiir, tern nt du cote du N(ii(l-r-t an liit' de /'nrliiriij', appartciiant uu Sieur rri'hill,; ct du (lite du Sud-oiienK or Sr. August; seigniory, in the CO, of Portncuf, is Iwundcd N. k. by Gaudar- villc ; H. w. by Pointe aux Trembles ; in the rear by (luillaume Bonhonune and Fausembault; in front l)y the St, Lawrence.— No official record has l)ccn found relative to this grant, c(m.se(iuei'tly its original dale and preci.se dimensions are not known. Les Dumis Kiliijieiiyps of the fJencral II().spltaI of QucIkc, to whom the proiH.rly iKlongs, in lurforniing fealty and homage, lilfli Ular. I7III, pr(uluicr to agric\ilture, that full three-fourths of the whole seigniory is under tillage; the farms. and indeed the major part of the concessions, ap- pear to great advantage and display many f ivour- able .specimens of careful husbandry. In propor- tion to the increase of cultivation the quantity of timber has diminished and little of .superior ipiality i^ standing ; the ccminion kinds are not in nuuh greater abundance. — It is watered by the Riviere du Cap Rouge, between which and the St. Lawrence is Lac Calvaire. — The land lK)rder- ing the St. Lawrence is the highest in the seig- niory, wlience there is an alternuti(m of ridges and valleys, the former diminishing in height as they apjiroach the rear boundary, composing to- gether a nu)st agree.ible undulation in the j)er- .spective scenery. This property is very conveni- ently cro.ssed liy roads, in almost every dirccti(m, and most of them are kept in good repair ; that along the front is called the post road ; another, passing in the rear to .Jacijues Cartier bridge, is de- nominated the stage road; on each side of the Rivlrre du Oap Rouge a road leads to the S. of Pointe aux Trembles, with .several intermediate roads in connexion ; by the sides of each are many line .settlements, the houses well built and the farms showing every appearance of comfort and even afHtience. The church, .seated on a point projecting into the St. Lawrence, a corn and a saw-mill upon a little branc!i of Riviere du Cap Rouge, between two lofty banks where it dis- charges into the St. Lawrence, compose a pleasing point of view either from that river or the emi- nence just alwve the mills. On Imth sides of the mouth of the Cap Rouge are the ixfensive timber establishment and ship-yard belonging to Alessrs. Atkinson, who hold a government con- tract and furnish tiniKr and nutsting fm the use of the royal navy. An ixttiisive shoal, or rather reef of nnks, lioiind.^ the whole fnmt of the sei- gniory: the Islets Donlxiur lie upon this reef, oppo.site the j*. m . iHiuiidary. This S. is in the I*, of St Augustin with the exception of La Ct'ito St. Ange in the Urd concession, whiili is served by the cure of \'ielle Lorette to whom it j>uyR tithes. i •I. II D E S The Parish of St. Auguslin comprehends parts of the SS. of Desmaure, Fausembuult and Be- lair, and belongs to the ladies of I'Hotel Dieu at Quebec. It contains 4 concessions, those nearest the St. Lawrence the most populous, ^ths of the p. are under cultivation and 4th in wood. There is one school, supported by the parish, in which 60 scholars are instructed in French and English. Near the church, 130 ft. by 52, built on a point projecting into the St. Lawrence, is the small but pretty village of St. Augustin, consisting of 14 houses including an inn, through which the post road passes. The horses are of the Canadian l)recd and though small sufficiently good. Nearly idl the grain grown is consumed in the " The roads are not kept in good repair, and there is one bridge over the r. Cap Rouge. Both horses and oxen are used in agriculture. Some surjilus ma- nufactured articles are produced for sale. Although tlic soil is not generally adapted to the growth of hemp, yet it is in some degree cultivated. — The lands in this p. were all conceded prior to 1759. Slatistics of St. Augustin P. im-titding St. Catherine of FuHScmbttult. HopulHtion 1,0!).'} (huri'lies, R.C l'rei.liytcrit'9 Schools V'illaRiM Cuni-iiiilU 1 I Saw-niills t ArliMinB . 2 1 I!) Whent Outi Ammat AgrleuUnral Produce. BuihrU. I Quahrli. Il,60!l| I'otutoes . IH,(KIO 13,(MH» P»'«s . ;JO()0 Lhc Stork. Horse* Oxi'ii l.(H)<1| Swine (i.'j(i Title. — " I^'Kriir(,'i«trcinpiit dc ret octroi n'li |mi« I'tr iroiivi' jiiscjirici an SecritHriiit (Ir la I'rovincc. I.cs lliiiiii« vflitiieuscH di' rHopitiil, i|iii iiossfdi'nt actucllciiuMit ce lid, cii rciHlaiit Foi et HointnHKO lo Iflinc Mnrs, 17H1, ii'oiit iiriidiiit (jn'iiii Xcto d'lidjiidii'atiDn I'li d«to dti :i'in\v Scptcnilirc, I7.'i'<, d«ii» lc(|iicl iii Ics dimensions ni li u du I'linicssioiiniiircdrcftlf concosKioii nc sunt mrntionnes. — I'lir Ic r6Klcnn'iit dcN parciisscs du cetto priivincc, IVtcii. due dr cftlc Nc'i«ninrii' sc dctrrininc a di'ii\ lirnis ct Arm'w dc fnint, mir une ct dcniio du protondcur." — Hi- liUlee (Us F'Wl IliiiMiiitigt, A'li. iiiffolio lUb, /. litwii Mars, I7HI.— /"I. Coll. Sup, 1)|>PI.AINK«, seigniory, in the vo. of Lotbinii're, is bounded K. by Tilly and Gaspr ; w. by IJonhc- lours and Ste. Croix and by St. tJiles in the rear — (inuitid ill two parts : the first, / 1- in front by I J leagues in depth froui tiie rear of fWf .Mpruiiiia, to Demoiselle I 'barlotte Lagnrdeiir, 4ih .Fun. 1 7<17; the second, iibout "♦ nrpeiits in front by 1 JiMgiie D I S 60 ai-pents in depth, being the space between the preceding grant and the S. of Ste. Croix, to the same person; the whole intended to form only one seigniory. Title. — Parlk Xord-Eit.—" Concession du 4me Jan- vier, 1737, f'aitc i Demoiselle ChurloHc Liigardeur par le Marquis de Bcauharnoh, Oouvcrneiir, et Gillct Ilocquart, Iiitcndant, de trois quarts de lieue de terre dc front i la Cote du Sud du tleuve St. Laurent, sur trois lieues de pro- fondeur, a prendre uu bout des profondeurs du tief Ma- randa ,• born^e d'un cote, au Sud-ouest, a la Seiffiieurie de BoHiecour/, d'antre au Nord-est a celle de 7"i//.i/, ct par dcrrkre aux terres non-concedees." — Regittre iPIuleiid- ancc, Ko. H, folio 19. Partie Sud-Ouesl. — " Concession du Stime Mars, 1738, fuite par le Marquis de Oeanliarnoii, Gouverneur, et Gillei Hticquart, liiteiidunt, a Demoiselle Charlotte Liigardeur, d'une aiignieiitation de teirein d'environ soixante et qua- torze urpens de front, qui se trouve non-concede, et en- clave entre la concession a elle faitc le 4me Janvier, 1737, et la Scixiieurie de St. CroU; tenant par devaiit au tief de Uimacctiuri ct Amiot, et par derrierc uux tcrres non-con- ci'dees. sur unc licue ct soixante arpeiis de profondeur, pour ics (lits soixante ct (|uatorze arpens ajoutes nc faire avec Ml i)ieniiere concession (prune meine Seigneuric." — liigislrc il'Iiitcnilauce, \u. 9, Julio .i, Despi.aines, seigniory, in the co. of Terre- bonne, bounded N. and s. by the S. of Terrebonne and its augmentation ; k. by Lachenaye and w. by Bluinville. It is watered by the Mascouchc and the St. Pierre Est. Dkvebbois (S.), 1'. Tkuuebois, S. Districts. The province of Lower Canada is divided into 5 districts. The three si'perior di- stricts arc l•■,\\\^:d^fontrcll/, Three Rivers and Quebec, being so niuned from the principal town in each district. The two inferior districts are called St. Franii.i and Gasp^. The districts are the judi- cial divisions of the province having courts of superior and inferior jurisdiction sitting at pre- scrilK'd tcniis, which are generally the same as those in England. In the superior districts the jurisdicti(m of the Court of King's Bench is un- limited ; but in the inferior districts the civil ju- risdiction is, in some degree, circumscribed by the power of appeal in cerlaiu cases, and all prose- cutions ior capital crimes must be carried on in the courts of the superior districts. The scats of jurisdiction are as follow : lUilriiti, (^>Mel)e<' Mondeal Tliiei' Kivers Inf. o. of St. Fruneis Inf. II. lit (inspe Seuti ofjurltdlcliiiii. City of yiiebec City of Montreal Tow II (if Tlirce Hivrrs Sliei lii'iiiikc, in tbc r. of iV'Cot New ( urlisle, in the r. oft ox Priy.iuilal Court of .ijipeuli Fsti.blisla'd by tlic 3!th (ico. III. (;. (I, J •^.'1, for the bearing of idl iippeals from DISTRICTS. ace between the ite. Croix, to the d to form only ssion du -l-me Jan- te Lagardeur par le ft Gillct llocquart, ! terre dc front \ la truis lieues de pro- ndeurs du fief il/u- ;, a la Seigrneurie de lie de Ti////, et par -RigUlre tTIiileiid- 1 2Gme Mam, 1738, ouveiiieur, et Gillei 'hurloltc Lagardeur, on soixante et (|ua- non-concedr, et en- ' 4-nie Janvier, 1737, lar devant au fief de !iux terres non.con- eiis de |)rofondeiir, ens ajoutes ric faire lenie Seigneiirie." — ;he CO. ot'Terre- S. of Terrebonne henaye and w. by e Aluscouche and 018, S. Lower Canuda is Ihree si'perior di- Uvcrs und Qiicber, ipal town in each cts are cnllud St. ets are the ,judi- liaving courts of n sitting at pre- uUy the same as irior districts the g's Bench is un- ricts the civil ju- iiniscribed by the s, and all prose- be carried on in :t8. The seats of ofJurhdlclUiii, IJni'licr ^liiiitreiil I'hiee Hivers iki'iinther.olATot lisle, in the T. t)f( ox l)li^lK•d by tlki Tiois I'istulcs .Mitis 1 aitigo .Malane .MaduMusku St. I'lBiicis, part of St. John, part of. 1.3 DISTRICTS. ' 'If LAKES North of the St. Lavrciice. St. John CoinmissionerH' Lake Quaqiiagamack Wayagamack BoiiL'hette Kajoiialwung Ontarctri St. Charles Chawgis Assiiu|iinoiiKSoin Shecoubish South of the Si. Liiwrence. Teiniscouata Mata])cdiac Alitis Abawsisqiinsh Long Lake Pitt Trout Willmm St. Kniiicis, part of M'Tavi^h Maeaiuiiniick. The District of Montreal is bounded k. by the N. K. boundary of the fief DusabK- or Nouvelle Vork, on the n. side of the St. Lawrence; w. by the CO. of St. i\Iaurice; s. by the counties of Ya- maska, Drummond and Sherbrooke ; w. and s. w. by the province of Upper Canada, the river Ot- tawa, and the most western limits of the province ; s. l)y the province line, lat. 45 n. from St. Regis to the river Connecticut, and thence by that river to its source in the high lands ; thence by the N. Ix)undaries of the states of New York and ^'cr- mont. — The general character of this district is low and level, especially the settled parts, with the exception of a few isolated mountains in the s, .section; the land, however, rises towards the province line and assuming a bolder outline is in some parts even mountainous, particularly in Ilem- mingford and liolton and the vicinity. On tlie N. side of St. Lawrence the range of higli-lands, so remarkable in the district of Quebec, traverses this district about G or 7 leagues n. of the Lake of Two Mountains, and stretching w. to tlie Grand Calumet on the Ottawa traverses that river, n. of this ridge the country is more or less uneven and mountainous and meets the range of high- lands that divides the waters running into Hud- son's Hay from those that empty themselves into the St. Lawrence. — The soil, which is in general excellent and offers the greatest advantages to agriculture, is traversed in every direction by nu- merous public roads and by-roads, thickly settled and presenting well cultivated farms. The climate, locality, .•mil and other advantages, ri'uder this the richest and most populous district of the pro- vince. I( ccmtains the city anil island of Mcmt- rcal and the towns of William Henry and Dor- chester, besides numerous llourLshing villages. — Tills district is Iwjundcd by the ()ita\v;i or (iraiid Hiver for 'SX) miles, and is amply wateied by other rivers, streams and lakes, the principal of which are as follow : RIVERS North o/the St. Lawrence. Gutincau Li: res Fetito Nation Ki\-iere Blanche Ri vitro du Nord Alasruiiche Arhigan L'Assomption Lachenaye Hcrthior (haloupc Du Chcnc South of the SI. Lawrence. Richelieu Sorel Yamaska and its numerous branches Pykc Montreal, I.. Chnuteauguay and its nu- merous branches Lncolle JIagoK (^oaticook Alissiskoui, part of. LAKES North of the St. Lawrence. White Vhb Sables Kilaniey Teniiscaiiiing Lievres La Kcque Rochibhivc I'othiiT Niniicuchinque raj)iiieau Mii.'tkiuongfi South of the St. Lawrence. .Memphrnmagog Tomefbbi iMissiskoui Bay Scaswaninepus, part of Yamaska Bay St. Louis Two Aluuntains St. Francis. ChaudiCre Chats Allumets. Tfie District of Three Rivers is bounded n. e. by the boundary of fief Dusablc ; B. by the N. k. boundary of the S. of Ste. Anne ; on the n, side of the St. Lawrence : on the s. side of tliat n. this district is bounded by the \v boundary of the S. of Yamaska and the n. e, boundary of Livrard or St. Pierre les Becquets ; s. w. by the boundaries of the counties of Berthier, Bichelicu, St. Ilya- cinthe, Shefford and Stanstcad ; n. e. by the s. w. boundaries of the counties of Portneuf, Lotbini6re and iMegantio, the river Chaudiere, Lake Megan- tic and Arnold River ; n. w. by the Hudson's Bay territory or n. w. limits of the province ; 8. K. partly by the province line lat. 4.'»° n., the Connecticut and the high-lands stretching *'om the head of that river eastward. — The surfiik,' of this district is, n. of the St. Lawrence, level in the vicinity of that river, and farther in the in- terior it assumes a bidder aspect and, liceoming mountainous, partakes of the character of the Quelwe district. South of the St. Lawrence it is level until it approaches the tnwnships in the neighlK)uriiood of Ascot, where it ristes into large swells and is in many parts mountainous. The soil in this section of the district is excellent, but on the borders of several of the rivers and nearer DISTRICTS 1/ r, fK rincipal of which fthe SU Lawrence, a and its numerous ches il, I.. URuay and its nu- >us branches jui, part of. 'Ihc St. Latercnce, ■iimagog [)i )ui Buy inepufi, part of a liay is juntuins (•is. •e s bounded n. e. K. by the n. k. on the N. side side of that n. boundary of the idiiiy of Livrnrd y the Ixiundaries lelicu, St. Ilya- E. by the s. w. [leuf, Lotbini^re c, Lake Alcgan- f the Hudson's r the province ; lat. 4.'io N., the stretching *'onj -The surfiu,- of vrence, level in thcr in the in- nnd, Iwconunj; lanicter of the Lawrence it jwnships in the rises into large ntainous. The s excellent, but vers and nearer to the St. Lawrence it becomes light and sandy ; towards the border of the province it is infinitely better. The soil n. of the St. Lawrence is de- cidedly light and sandy but susceptible of the ad- vantages of good cultivation, and in the interior of the country it is stronger and stony. This district is traversed by numerous roads in every direction, for although n. of the St. Lawrence the roads do not extend above 5 or fi leagues, on the 8. side they extend as far as the province line, branching off into the southern townships. — The o.'d settlements or seigniories in this district cx- tc.'id along Ixith sides of the St. Lawrence and up each side of the principal rivers. The townsliips chiehy ''■; in the s. sectiuii extending from the province line northward. Several villages are in this district : iNIachichc and Riviere du Luup on the N., and Nicolet on the 8. side of the St. Law- rence ; also Shcrbrooke and Stanstcad in the town- ships ; besides these is tlie town of Three Rivers from which the district derives its name. — Tliis district is exceedingly well watered by numerous rivers, streams and lakes ; the principal of which are as follow : RIVERS \uith ofllicSt. Lawrence. St. Maurice and its numcruuH bmiiclics liiiliscun, purt uf Cliuiiiplain Du Loup, (!. and h. .Miiskiiiuii^t: Macliichc Soiil/i of the SI. Latercnce. St. Kraiu'is luid numerous br.UK'hi's N'iculi'l and numerous brant'lies Bocaucour (it'iitilly Vainaska, part of. LAKES Xitrl/i iifihe St. Lawrence. ()'( 'iinansliiiig Alalavviii (loI'Viiicli Sliasawutaiata .'\I()ntaliif;ouse O-ki'laiiaio < "ro^iswavH I'rrcliaudt'S Ulark Ui'avcr Bewildered Sunlh iiflhc St. Lawrence. NicoU't St. Francis, part of Mogantic St. Paul (iutardcs Back Lake Cuiinet-tirut Weedoii Smswaiiincpus, part of St. Pottr. Inferior Dislrict of St. Franrin.—TUia district was established by an act of the provincial legis- lature, cliap. 77 of the Jrd year of Geo. III., and is in the form of a parallelogram, more than 50 m. in width from w. to i:., and upwards of KM) m. from N. to c. Its superlui.'l extent is supiH)sed to cover M (MM» si]. miles or 2,(MK((KM» of acres — Alfiiough this, district is includ.d in that of Three Rivers and is therefore deicri?jed with it, except- ing a small part in the district of Montreal con- taining 4 townships and part of a 6th, a farther notice of it is deemed proper as it is perhaps the most fertile tract of the province. It extends from the a. bounds of Wickham, Simpson, War- wick and Arthabaska to the a. boundary of the province ; its w. limits are Lake Memphramugog and a line traversing Bolton between the 22n I and 23rd ranges, and extending along the K. boundaries of Stukely, Ely and Acton ; on the b. it extends to the w. bounds of the cos. of Megantic and Beauce. The general surface of this district is rather level, but towards the boundary iii.c, in lat. lo" N. and the n. Cimnecticut, by which the district is Imunded s., it rises into large swells and is rather mountainous. It is most ubund.mtly watered by nunicroiis river.s, streams and lakes, and is traversed by many roads on which are new but flourishing settlements. Its chief villages are Shcrbrooke and Stanstcad and Jie court-house is at the former place. The chief and most interest- ing settlements lie in the first three ranges of townships from the province line. — This district contains about .IjOOO square miles, in which arc thirty-eight townships and part of another, which are particularised in the list given for the district of Three Rivers and marked with an asteri.sk: Vide vol. \, jKige DCJ. — The population is alxmt 13,5(X>. The Inferior Dintrivt of duq/f lies on the E ex- tremity of the i)r()\ince and on tlu- s. side of St. Lawrence. It is bounded w. by the district of Quebec; v. and N. e. by the river and gulf of St. Lawrence, and s. by the province of New Bruns- wick and the Bay of C'lialeiirs. The land in ge- neral, which is of an excellent quality, abounds with a variety of timber, us maple, beech, birch, spruce, &c. &e. and almost inexhaustible pineries, which, together with the cod and salmon fisheries, supply the staple commodities for exportation. The whole district is remarkably well watered with numerous streams, which take their rise in the mountains that i)oiind the a. St Lawrence and run in various directions to the liay of Cha- leurs and into the gulf attd it. St. Lawrence ; they alxrund with various kinds of llsli, and most of them traverse tracts of land clothed with inr- nreirse iiincries. Xdtwithslaiiding its advairtii"es in richness of soil, &c., the district of (ia.sji' is ob- viously backward as respects agriculture. Tlii'< may in some measure be attributed to the extcn- ! 1 ; ^, i ' t : i ''M 1 ! L*!i DOM sive fisheries and lumber trade, which form the chief occupation of its inhabitants. Between Cap Rosier and Gap Chat the coast is mountainous and barren. The industry of the inhabitants is chiefly employed in the fisheries, regulated by an act of the assembly of the 47th of Geo. 3rd ; they also carry on a trifling trade in peltry and build on an average one ship and 3 or 4 small vessels an- nually. — The communication between 6a8p6 and Quebec may be kept up by three different routes : one by pursuing the coast of the gulf and river St. Lawrence ; the second by following the course of the K. Ristigouche as far as the r. Matapediac, and along it as far as h. Matapediac ; thence by Kempt road to the St. Lawrence near the com- mencement of the old settlements : the third route is by proceeding along the Ristigouche river nearly DOR up to its source, whence there is an Indian foot- path or portage road of 9 miles to the r. Ouiauk- squack, which runs into the river St. John, 15 miles above the Great Fall, whence the traveller proceeds in the road of the Temiscouata portage ; this is th? least difBcult of the three, and the distance by it from New Carlisle to Quebec is 390 m. ; this may be shortened 18 or 20 m., by a road that has been blazed from the R. Wagansis to Green River, which descends into the R. St. John in the Madawaska settlements. — The prin- cipal town is New Carlisle — This district, from its peculiar situation as a peninsula, the capabilities of its soil, its abundant and valuable timber and its extensive fisheries, is susceptible of being made, at no very distant period, equal to any other di- strict in Canada. Pislriets. Hctnoeii the |i:ir;illcls of latiludc. Between the dffrrees of longitude. J 1 a li 14 1 5 • c c 1 X i ■r- Superficial extent of tile Selgliorlal Orantl. Mdrenr le«s unfit forciil- tivaiion in ieii'niorie* nui tiefii. Granted&loeateil ' in fri'e and com- mon soecage in ttie province up to Sept. 1810. Arpents. Acies. Aere?. Acres. Quebec, including 'i Anticosti and other > islands > Montreal, includ- ? ing islands ^ Three Rivers, in- 1 eluding St. Francis > and islands ) Gasp/', including > islands J ' " 45 J2 O''- 45 49 30 O"^" 45 49 O"' 17 18 0„ 49 12 0^- ' " .>7 50 0, . 72 4 O"- 72 54 80 6 O"^ 72 4 72 54 0*- 64 12 0„ 67 53 0*^- 360 310 320 2110 826 1 110"^ 52 •£ 1 127,949 54^802 15,823 7,289 1.3 19 (i 2 • 79 63 25 1 12 6 9 6 38 59 53 10 6,639,319 3,269,966 1,220,308 1,547,086 5,656,699 2,780,011 1,039,707 1,318,117 2,600,000 500,000 400,000 600,000 About Jths of the whole may be said to be com- prised within the di- stricts of Montreal and Three Rivers. Total 205,863 . 12,676,679 10,800,5.34 4,100,000 .% 179,694 ! ,■..! X ■! DiTCHFiKLD, a projected township in the co. of Benuce, borders the e. side of Lake Alegantic and is bounded a. by Woburn and n. e. by Spalding. DiTTON", township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is bounded w. by Newport ; b. by Marston and Chesbam ; n. by Hampden and s. by Emberton. The surface is irregular, in several places rising into large eminences, but in general of a mode- rately good soil timbered with beech, birch, bass- wood and maple, intersected by some large streams that fall into the St. Francis. The s. w. quarter lias been surveyed iind granted, but no part settled. — ViKjranlcd and unhcntal, .13,(XK). Du.MAiNE, du, river, in the S. of Cote de Beau- pre, rises in two lakes in the rear of Cap Tour- mente, at least 800 ft. above the level of the St. Lawrence,, into which this R. falls. DoNBOUR, isles, in the n. St. LawTence, are 3 islets lying off the S. of Desmaure, midway be- tween St. Augustin and Pointe aux Trembles. Dorchester, county, in the district of Quebec, bounded n. e. by the co. of Bellechasse ; s. e. by the CO. of Beauce; s. w. by the co. of Lotbiniere and N. w. by the R. St Lawrence. It consists of and comprises the S. of LauOTn nly, to which S. the reader is referred for additional particulars re- lative to this CO. It is 18J, ni. in length by 18j in depth and contains 342 sq. miles. Its centre on an Indian foot* } the R. Ouiauk- er St. John, 15 nee the traveller scouata portage ; > three, and the le to Quebec is 8 or 20 m., by a the R. Wagansis into the R. St. ents. — The prin- lis district, from a, the capabilities lable timber and le of being made, to any other di- (irt* or less ifit forcitl- vatton in ijjniories Grant«l*locat«r in fne and com- innn soccage in the province up til Sept. 1810. A^,■^t■^. Avtea. 2,600,000 500,000 400,000 600,000 About fths of the whole may be said to be com- prised within the di- stricts of Montreal and Three Rivers. 1,100,000 .1179,694 ;ar of Cap Tour- le level of the St. Is. La>»Tcnce, are lure, midway be- aux Trembles, istricl of Quebec, echasse ; b. e. by CO. of Lolbini^re e. It consists of nly, to which S. lal particulars re- Icngth by 18> in s. Its centre on DOR the St. Lawrence is in lat. 46" 38 long. 71" Iff. It sendd two members to the provincial parliament; the election is held at the place nearest to the R. Etchemin, between the parishes of St. Henry and Pointe Levi, md at St. Nicolas. Statistics. , : , Population 1!, 158 Towns . I Shopkeepers 12 Churches, Pro. 1 Schools . 3 Taverns . 13 Parsonage -ho. 1 fVn-mills . 7 Artisans . 97 Churches, R.C.4 Saw-mills . 5 River craft . 5 Cures 3 Carding-niills I Tonnage . K3 Presbyteries 4 Fulling-mills 1 Keel boats . 1 1 Vilh^^es . 3 Ship-}-ard8 . 3 Annual Agricultural Produce. Duiheli. nuihcla. CwU. Wheat 55,(Xm Biickwhotit 14."i Maple sugar 1,810 Oats 43,.i()0 , Indian corn l.nUi Flax . . 355 Bariey . 6,450 , Mixed grain 5,500 Butter . 3,3.31 Peas . 19,(K)0 Potatoes 93,100 Hay, tons 29,100 Rye 4,058 1 Live Slock. [Worses 3,709 i Cows . 6,795 , Swine . 7,756 Oxen 2,025 Sheep . 21,902 Dorchester (V.), v. Lonoueuil, b. D'Obsainvili-e, fief, in the co. of Quebec, N. E. of I'Epinay, is a small grant containing only a superticies of 3575 arpents made May, 1675, by Letters Patent, to the Rellgieuses of the General Hospital of Quebec from whom it has never been alienated. — The soil is a light sandy earth in- termixed with clay about the front: proceeding inwards it changes to a black mould, and in the vicinity of the mountains it is a good yellow loam. From the river St. Charles the surface is uneven and continues ridge above ridge to the rear, wliere it is still more abrupt and broken. Near the river are fine meadows and pastures. About one-half of the arable is in a state of very good culture, producing wheat and other grain abund- antly, also garden vegetables in great quantity and variety. The lower parts are but scantily timbered ; but on the rising grounds and the skirts of the mountains there is a profusion of fine beech, maple, birch and other woods of the best description. The little river Jaune and several small streams, all flowing into the St. Charles, amply and convenit-'-.iiy water the culti- vated lands. Tilli: — " Concession dii nio's ar^s, i commencer par le front du dit Comt£, par le ruisseau dc St. Michel, suivant aes contours et serpentemens jusqu'A envirdii ijuinze arpciis de prufuii- deur, ofi le dit Cointi d'Or (ii«fi//(f commence a etic , i» at the entrance of the n. St. John and on the a, side of Gaspt- Bay. This town was laid out about the year 1785 and named after Adm. Sir Charles Douglu:!, theti commanding on the Canada station, the father of the present Sir Howard Douglas. — For Statistics, vide Gaspe Bay. Dkayton, township, in the co. of Sherbrookc, lies E. of Hereford, in the rear of Auckland and Emberton, and is bounded s. by the main branch of the R. Connecticut. This t. has not been sur- veyed and subdivided and no grants have been made, although a tolerably large settlement has lieen formed on Indian Stream and n. Connecticut by persons from the U. S., who affect to have commenced their settlement, in 171^2, under the auspices and by virtue of a proclamation of Sir Alured Clark, at that time governor in chief. 1 his settlement consists of 20 families, who have made extensive improvements and are respect- ably settled. The lands which these persons oc- cupy form one of the points in dispute Ix^tween his majesty's government and that of the United States. The popidation is about 60 ; tiie principal settler is Dr. Taylor, who occupies 1,''00 acres of which 100 are cleared ; this gentlemiin has a good house and a distillery. This t. is watered by Indian Stream and Hall's Stream, also by Back Lake and other small lakes, all of which contain trout, succors, chub, perch, eels, &c. Over the rivers two bridges have been built, but the rouds improve slowly. At a private school from 12 to 15 scholars are inJ^ructed. ^Vheat Oats Barley liurscs Uxvii Annual Agtlctiltural Produc,\ Bushels.! Bushels.; Bushels. . 4<)0 1 llye . . 2j Potatoes . MH) . 3(H) Mi.\c(l gruiii 180 Peas . . 130 • 31)1 I Lhc Stuch. 18 I Cuws lil I Sheep 28 1 Swine 88! iO Drummoni), county, in the d. of Three Rivera, bounded n. by the cos. of Yamaska and Nicolet; E. by the co. of Jlegantic; s. by the co. of Sher- brookc ; w. by the co. of Shefford. It contains the townships of Aston, Bulstrode, Stanfold, Artha- D U baska, Chester, Ham, Wotton, Tingwick, War- wick. Horton, Wendover, Simpson, Kingsey, Durham and Gore, Wickham, Grantham, Upton and Acton, together with all the gores and aug- mentations of those townships. — Its extrciise length is 06 m. and its breadth 47' , and it contains 1,674 sq. miles. Its centre, on the St. Lawrence, is in lat. 4(iP. 0". long. 72". . — It sends one member to the provincial parliament and the place of election is Drummondville. — The surface of this co. is very diversified and there are considerable swamps. — The principal rivers are the Becancoiir, which bounds the co. n. b., the St. Francis, the main branches of the Nicolet, and their tributary streams. The only lake of any magnitude is Lake Nicclet in the augmentation to the t. of Ham. — The chief roads are those along the n. St. Francis, one from Three Rivers to Shipton called Bureau's Road, Craig's Road, and the road recently opened from Drummondville to Sorel. These roads are tole- rably good in the more settled parts of the co.,but quite the reverse in other parts, where the lands are in a state of wilderness, on account of the dif- ficulty of keeping them in repair. Statistics. Populiition 1,857 1 Villages , 1 Tanneries . I Clmrelies, Pro. 1 'Corn-niill§ . l Potasberies , 4 Parsona(,'e-lio. 1 | Saw-mills . 7 Pearlaslierie.s A, Cliiiiclies, R, C. 1 , CardifiK-mills I Shopkeepers 4 CJur/'S . 1 I KiiUing-mills J Taverns (j Schools . 2 1 Paper-mills . I Artisans . 20 Annual Agricnlturul Pioducc. Wheat Oats Barley Peas Rye Horses 0.\en Bushels I Bushels. 18,()80' Buck wheat 170 14,003, Indian corn 8,,'i31 1, 09 1- Mixed gr. o,100 2,931 i Potatoes 2T.:i30 l,2:jo| Cwts. Maple sugar 30«) Flax . . 52 Butter . 827 Hay, tons 17,900 Live Stock. 716 1 Cows 9121 Sheep 1,280 1 Swine 3,3021 1,375 Drummondville (V.), v. Grantham, t. Du CuENE or PoiNTE du Chenb, river, rises in a lake in the fourth ranj^ of the aug. to Gren- villc. It runs e- to another small lake and turn- ing suddenly s. directs its course to the Ottawa, which it enters at the s. extremity of the division line that separates the t. of Grenville from its augmentation. Du Chene (G.) or Belle Riviere, rises in the aug. to the S. of Lac des Deux Alontagnes, DUD DUD Hay, tons 17,900 and, penetrating the division line of the S. of Riviere du Chine near the n. w. angle, runs through and nearly across the seigniory to the v. of St. Eustache where it falls into the Ottawa. This R. is about (30 or 70 feet wide and is not navigable. It turns several mills and abounds with fish. Du Chknb, river. Petite Riviere du Chene rises in the p. of St. Benoit in the S. of Lac des Deux Montagnes, and running n. k. receives the b. au Prince one mile below the church ; continuing in the same direction for about 2 miles it joins the greater Rivii-re du Chrnc. Du C'henk, river. Petite Riviere du Chene rises in the t. of Blandford, and running n. and N. B. traverses tiie S. of Livrard and enters the S. of Desehaillons where, at the N. k. angle, it falls i"t.o the St. Lawrence. — Navigable for canoes and ». is below the saw-mills. Du Chknb (S.), v. Rivikrf. du Chrnb. Du Chknk (V.), t'. RiviERB i>u Chknb, S. Duck Lakes, in the co. of Quebec, arc .small and lie between Lake Kajoualwang and Crooked Lake. DuoswELi., township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is bounded by Westbury and Stoke s. w. ; by Wee- don N. B. ; by Wotton n. w. and by Bury s. k. — The land where it is level is applicable to the culture of grain : in some places it is uneven and from the sixth range rises into a considerable mountain that stretches westward into Wotton ; its top is flat table land and, from its being wholly free from trees or underwootl, derives the name of the Bald Mountain. In this x. is a great va- riety of timber, beech, maple, birch, basswood, but- ternut, elm and some oak, pine, spruce and cedar. — The St. Francis with many smiiU streams pro- vide an ample and complete irrigation. — Only one quarter has been laid out, which was granted to Mr. John Bishop and others ; he is now the prin- cipal landholder: on this part some farms have obtained a very respectable state of prosperity. — This T. will doubtless be much benefited by a line of road now in progress, pursuant to an act of the legislative assembly granting a sum for that purpose, which was passed Mar 14, 1820. The extent of road to be made under this act is 21 miles, commencing at the north line of Duds- well and terminating at the district line of Quebec and Three Rivers. This road has Wn oj>cned by contract, the whole distance, 1 1 feet wide. The surface of the country generally traversed by this niad is good and suitable for cultivation and, with the exception of a few lots, will make excellent farms ; there are on this route but few hills, and none which would offer any great obstruction ; the most considerable is about 11 m. north of Dudswell- To bring this road into use and make it ansv/er the intended purpose, the following ad- diti(mal improvements should be made. 1 st. The road heretofore opened but now grown up with buslics, from Craig's Bridge in Ireland to tlie Dudswell road, about 10 miles, should be re- opened and completed, which would require alwut ,f 50 per mile. This section of the road is mostly very good land for settlement and the hills not bad ; the lands on these 10 miles arc nearly all granted. 2nd. A road should be opened from Dudswell line to the settlements in Diulswell, about 5 miles, which would also recpiire £50 per mile ; this distance is through ungrantcd lands, or mostly so, which are of the first quality for settle- ment and there arc no bad hills ; the whole of the lands on this route are well watered, and there is an excellent mill site about 10 miles north of Dudswell line, and another near Nicolet lake about 8 miles north of that line. 3rd. From the settle- ments in Dudswell a road has been opened through Westbury, Eaton, Clifton and Hereford, to the province line, about 50 miles ; the land through- out is good, but, the settlements being few and scattered, the road has been but little used and is in a bad state. The completion of this road would be highly beneficial in promoting the settle- ment of that section of the province, and would thus render a direct communication from the pro- vince line at Hereford to Quebec practicable, the distance being about 140 m. As part of this last- mentioned road includes the settlements of Duds- well and Eaton, the expense of completing it would be 0. Statitlic*. ' Population . 477 1 Churches, R. C. . I Annui^ Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oata Barley Buthtli. . 4t800 . 8,.'ifl0 . 100 Buihtlt. Potatoes 8,500 PcM . 800 Buihcli. Rye 800 Indian com 90 Llvt Slock. Horses Osen . 193 . 170 Cows 405 Sheep . 1,008 Swine 371 Title. — " Concession du 3nie Noverobre, 1078, faite par Jean Tttkm, Intendant, au Sieur Dujm; de X'ltk Dupai et a^jacentes, ensemble un quart de lirue audeiius et iin aiwrt au dessous de la rivti^re de Chicot, tur un lieuc «-t oemie de profondeur, sumHMMi que cette qiiantiU' iie touchr pas i celle accordte k Mr. Legtrdeur, flis."— M^j«/rr d'iu- ttnianct. No. l,fiHo 30. DiiaaoiB, river, in the 8. of Stc. Marie. DtTRHAM, township, in the co. of Drummond, on the west side of the river St. Francis, joins Wickham n. w.; Melbourne b. k. ; Acton and Ely B. w. The land is generally good, presenting He- veral extensive and improvable tracts that might D U R be turned to advantage. Beeeh, maple, fasich, buttenut, pine, aih and cedar an found in great plenty ; there is some oak but it ia lets abundant. — Watered by numerous small rivuleti. — The principal proprietorB are the heirs of the late Thfmias Scott, Esq. The Abenaqui Indians of the village in the 8. of St. FraD<;oiB hohl 8150 acres by letters patent.— The DnanmondviUe Road runs through this t. above 10 m. Near the centre is a new bridge built over the Black River and another over a ravine, 210 ft. wide, in which the high waters of the ■. St. Francis rise to 8 feet. The old bridge over the Black River, built 13 yearn since and cost £7^> had only one pier and six stringers; the new bridge has 3 piers and (il stringers, with a solid causeway of logs covered with earth and sand 200 ft. in length. The bridge over the ravine is a cross log bridge, ex- cept two piers to let the water of a small brook pass; the whole built of large hemlock timber. The extent of road made is 4 m. and it is opened to 40 ft. and more ; 3 miles of it are ditched and drained, and the width between the ditches is from 18 to 30 feet, having 16 small bridges or drains to let the water pass from one ditch to another across the road, with nine large bridges, from 30 to 100 ft. in length over brooks and ravines. The line of the DrummondviUe road through this t. is partly settled, and it runs nearly between the 3rd and 4th ranges, until it otimes to the large bridge over the ravine at lot No. 8 in the 4th range', where it approacher the river St. Francis. The soil is good, with hardly a bad lot in the whole line. There are several steep hills over which the rontt has been carried in the upper part of the t. i;!135 have been expended and to complete the road through the t. a further sum of nearly £400 will be necessary .^This t. is considered one of the best amongst the eastern townships, having nine of its ranges fit for actual settlement, and being well watered with good springs and small brooks. There are most superior mill seats on the Black River. Stttti$lie$. 3U7 I Saw-mill* 8 Annual Agricultural Produce, Biidwl*. ButtMb. Barley . 3UU Peas 700 Potatoes 4,390 Indian corn 1,460 Live Stock. Cows 810 1 Swinr 1?J0 Shii'|i . 518 1 «a Population Wheat Oati Horres Dxcn 3,908 8,080 187 153 D U T EAR DvsABLB or NooTBLLK YoBK, wigiuoiy, in the CO. of Benhier, is in the rear of Mukinong^ between Berthier and Carufel — 1 league in front by 3 in depth. Granted, Aug. 16, 17^9, to Louis Adrien Dandonneau DumU^ ; now the property of the Hon. Rosg Cuthbert. — A small ridge of rising ground crosses this grant, a little north of the road to Quebec, which seems to separate the fertile from the barren parts ; south of it the ■oil is rich, productive, well settled and under good cultivation ; but on the opposite side of the height it is very indifferent and thinly settled by a few farmers, who are compelled to exert their utmost industry to procure a living. The whole tract is almost free from wood, the little remain- ing only fit for fuel. A small stream, called Rividre Cach^, runs through the lower part and works one com and one saw-mill.— This S. is in the parish of Maskinonge. Titk.—" Concession du Ijine Aout, 1730, faite par Charlei, Marquii de Brauharnoii, Gouverneur. et Gillei Hoeqtiarl, Intendant, au Sieur Luuit Adrien DuHdontuau DiiiMi, il'une rU'iidue di* Cerrviii d'uiiviriiii une lieuc de front 8ur trois lieues de profondeur; laqiielle sent Iwrn^e pour la deranture au bout de la prut'undeur de la eouces- tioii aecordee par Mr. Taloii au Sii'ur Jean Baptltte Lc- gardfVT le 3me Novembre, 1(172, appartenant aujourd'hiii •u Sieur Petit Bruno; au Nord-est par leg terrea con. c^di-es par le dit Sieur Talon, le ^me Octubre, 1672, aux Sieurs Pierre ct Jean Baptlite Lrgardeur, dont le dit Sieur Petit est aussi propri^taire, et par lu ligne de la Seif^ieurie du Sieur Sicnrd de Carufel ; au Sud-uut't>t uu fiel du Chicot, Ct continuation du dit fief; et par derrii'rc aux terres non- concedees." — Rigittre d' Inttndancc, No, H, folio 30. DuTORT or LiNCTOT, iief, in the co. of Xicolet, is bounded N. K. by Coumoyer ; 9. w. by Becaocour j in the rcur by the t. of Sfuddingtun and it fronts the mouth of the R. Becancour opposite Isle Dor- val. The original title of this concession has not been found, therefore its date and dimensions, as granted, are both uncertain ; it is however at pre- sent a quarter of a league in front by nearly 3 leagues in depth, and is the property of Muns. BcUefeuille. — The soil and timber are similar to those of Becancour. Title. — " On n'a pu trouver le titre de rette Conceision ni dans le Secretariat ni dans le bureau du I'apivr Terrier, du sortc qu'ou ne cuniiuit ni I'i'tenduu de sun front ni le nom du concessionaire origiiiairp. Elle est plarte sur la carte d'aprfs les lunii^rcs qu'un a pu lirer des titres des rcm-easions voisines.— i'ar le r^Kleiiient de I'elendue des {ruruisscs fait |Mir le Oouverneiir et I'lnleiidant, rot fief paroit avoir un quart de lieue du front du precedent fief de Decanruur <|ui devgit avoir deux lieues et truis quait de front." E. Eaolb Lakes, called by the Indians Chipi- logini$$ii, in the co. of Rimouski, consist of five or six lakes, connected with each other by a line of water running from N. to 8. Their accu- mulated waters run n. w. into the a. St. John, with which these lakes are also connected by an Indian line of communication branching into two portages, one leading to the b. a little below the mouth of the r. Marienequacktacook, and the other opposite the mouth of the r. Madawaska : another portage connects one of these lakes with a stream that flows into the K. Restook. Earoly, township, in the co. of Ottawa^ is bounded B. by Hull ; w. by Onslow ; n. by waste lands of the Crown ; s. by Lake Chaudiere. Its breadth is the same as that of other river townships, but its lateral lines, running mag- netically N., differ widely in their depth, the e. line being 1,099 chains, the w. line only 325, owing to the curves in the shore of the lake, which runs about n. w. and presents a diagonal front to this township of 14 miles, from its E. boundary in the 1st range to the w. limits of the 9th. This T. is indented by two large bays : the first lies above a small river which falls into the Lake at lot 8 ; the second extendi from lot 21 to the w. bounds of the x., and in this bay two other small rivers discharge their waters, which, with several inferior streams, fertilise the front ranges. The soil, in many places suited to the cultivation of hemp and fiax, does not yield in fertility to Hull. This t. is well timbered with elm, beech, maple and pine, and may be said to possess every local advantage met with in the townships below it. From the foot of the hills, which lie along the 6th range, to the margin of the lake, the country is generally level or rising into rich and gradual swells of excellent land.— This T. is but thinly si^ttlcd and in front. It is well watered by small lakes bitt contains no considerable rivers, and has no regular roads. — A tract of 6,41 1 acres of the K. section of this t. was granted, in 1805, to the Sandford and Lukin families and others, the greater part of which has been since conveyed to other individuals ; subsequently, 2,600 acres were patented to the Maclean family ; these two grants occupied nearly the whole of the front. Large tracts of excellent land are yet ungranted. EAT EAT which, if placed under the superintendence of an active agent, may in time become a lettlement of interest and consequence. Out of the prosperous colony of Hull the settlements of Eiudly may be said to have originated; they are chiefly in the B. quarter and are traversed by the Hull road, which extends to the 14th or 15th lot ; many neat and well-cultivated farms are on this part of the road as well as a school-house, which is attended by 2U to 25 youvhs of both sexes. — Uh- granted and unlocated, 19,590 acres. SlatUtict. Population . 156 Annual AgrkuUurat Produce. Wheat . Oats . Barley . BuihelL 770 Peas . . 2,030 Rye . . 2,4o0 Indian com . Muple sugar . 56 cwts. Live Stock, ButhcU. 860 40 . 710 Hor«e« Oxen . 21 1 Cows . 34 Swine . 18 1 Sheep . At 104 Eaton, river, is formed by two streams which water the townships of Ditton, Newport and Auckland, and meet in the t. of Eaton about 2 m. N. B. of the church. The R. then winds a N. course into the t. of Westbury, where it falls into the St. Francis in the 1 4th lot of the 2iid range. Eaton, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is bounded k. by Newport; w. by Ascot; N. by Westbur) and s. by Clifton. — The w. half, of which a great part is settled, was granted in 1800, to Air. Josiah Sawyer and others. The farms by care and industry are brought into good condi- tion, assuming a very flourishing aspect. This tract is of a uniform and favourable quality, generously repaying the farmers wherever it is under tillage. The N. w. part generally is low and swampy ; the other parts may be called hilly, being a scries of bold swells whose bases may be traced by the courses of the streams. The soil in general is stony and occasionally sandy. Towards the N. w., at an angle with the horison of be- tween tiO and 70 degrees, masses of granite are occasionally met with on the surface, as well as large masses of alluvial rocks, some having the appearance of vitrifaction. Slate of excellent quality for roofing is abundant, and black-lead ore has been found. The rocky strata are inva- riably argillaceous. — The timber is more remark- able for diversity of kind than excellence of qua- lity; pine, birch, haaswood, spruce and hemlock are plentiful ; that whidi onvera the summits of the ridges is generally hard wood, vis. maple, beech, birch and basswood; on the slopes is a mixtiuv of spruce with occasional patches of cedar where the land is very wet- — This t. is not wa- tered by any stream of magnitude, but intersected by numerous small rivulets and brooks. On the principal river, called Eaton River, are several good mill sites, of which some aro occupied, and two bridges. Several com and saw-mills have been erected on some of the streams. — Flax suf- iicient for domestic use is grown ; and though hemp has not yet been tried there is no doubt of its answering, particularly in places. The annual produce per acre, which might be increased under a better system, is, wheat 15 bushek, oats 20, rye 15 to 20, potatoes from 250 to 300. Indian com is not much grown. — A considerable number of horses and fat cattle are sent annually to market. The cattle, in general, are of the breed common to the eastern townships, and aire considered good of their kind. The wages of agricultural labourers 2«. 6d. a day, and the highest wages in harvest- time 3«. id. There is a fair proportion of artisans, but they do not follow their trades separately from fanning pursuits, but when they ore employed in mechanical trades they receive 5^. a day. — A large quantity of pearlushes is produced. — This t. is di- vided into two parishes by a line through the 6th range of concessions : the N. portion is called St. Peter's, the a. part St. Paul's. There is a church in each parish. There is one school, provided by the Royal Institution, in which ore 50 Kholars on the average ; there are likewise 2 or 3 private schoob. — The roads are not good though in an improving state. — About 9000 acres are cleared. — Vngranted and UHlocaled, 3100 acres. Population 805 Cburi-heH, I'ru. 2 Curn-inilli . .3 Carding.inilli I Slalittici, FullinK-milla Saw-niilla I'aniieries , Polaaheriei Prarlanberieii I Uintillerieii . I I'uveriiii . . 2 Artisans . 10 .iHiiual AgrictiUural Produce, Wheat Outti Barley Hones Usen Buthdt. i(i,H2ll 9,500 350 Buthclt. I BuihtU. PnUtoet lU,IOO.Kye . 3.100 Peas . 4,500 ! Indian com 1,000 Lire Slock, i'l'M ■ tn :'■ 5621 Cows tiltil bh««p 084 , Swine 1,A»0 770 ! \ i ill E B O Eao Cnaudb, de 1', river, at the s. b. angle of Bucklond, is a large, deep and rapid itream and foidable during one or two numtlu in the year. Eboulbmbnb, lbs, seigniory, in the ca of Sa- guenay, fronts the St. Lawrence and lies between the seigniories of Le Oouffre and Murray Bay and is bounded in the rear by waste crown lands. — 3 1. in breadth by 2 in depth. — No record of this grant has been preserved but it appears by an act of fealty and homage performed Apr. 3d, 1723, by Pierre Tremblay, then proprietor, that he pro- duced a concession of this tract made to Pierre Lessard, but the date was not quoted. It is now the property of Marc P. de Soles La Terrike, Esq. M. P. P. — The name of this seigniory indicates convulsions of nature of which we have only some very loose traditions. According to the histmy of Canada by Charlevoix, some violent shocks of an earthquake were felt in 1663 throughout the whole of Labrador to the Bay of St. Paul. Others say that, before 1663, this part of the coun- try had experienced shocks of earthquake, and they believe that Jacques Cartier, in his first voyage to Canada, sailed up the St. Lawrence from the north without meeting any obstacle ; and that on his second voyage, wishing to follow the same track, he was stopped between the Inle aux Coudres and the north by a considerable renversement des terret, and this diplacement has ever since been called la Grande Pointe des Eboulemens, which forms almost an island considerably serrated by the R. St. Lawrence. The traditions prevalent among the oldest inhabitants support this opinion and also the idea, that the creeks formed near the point were formerly only one, or that the passage followed by the first explorers of the country has undergone some change. This coast has been subject to frequent shocks of earthquake; the most alarming in the memory of the oldest inha- bitants was in Jan. \^&^, when the earth cracked in many places without any accident except the fall of some chimneys. During the winter of 1791 this part of the country was again agitated by shocks that continued during 40 days, but they were less violent than the former. These exi:ru< ordinary efforts oi nature are still often felt every year, and occasion sudden transitions from heat to cold and vice versd. The shocks are more per- ceptible in winter than in spring or autumn, and E B O those in summer are the least felt. From theae natural causes without doubt this seigniory has derived its name. The lateral parts of the great Pnnte des Eboulemens, which is almost an island of 14 square arpents, form two large creeks into which many little rivers discharge their waters, which at high tide are sufficiently deep to receive vessels of above 100 tons and which there ride in safety in all weathers. These rivers are fordaUe at low water and wind across 10 to 12 arpents of breakers, which produce an abundant pasturage and a quantity of dlierbe salU. This seigniory, particularly the beautiful settlements whose ver- dant fields crown the summits of the sloping hills which rise amphitheatrically from the St. Lawrence, and all the coast extending from St. Paul's Bay to Malbay affi>rd the most agreeable and picturesque variety and are comprehended in one view. The face of this seigniory is in general excessively mountainous ; but the soil is not inferior to that about St. Paul's Bay, and is in many parts equally productive. The shore of the St. Lawrence is here very lofty, especially about Cap aux Oies ; but the edges of the bays, between the different projecting points, afford some good patches of meadow and pasture land: from the elevated bank of the river the ground continues to rise ridge over ridge until it reaches the moun- tains in the rear, which arc at least 1800 ft. above the level of the sea. In the concessions called Oodefroi, Dorothee, St. Joseph, and St. George, some very good settlements, in an improved con- dition, present themselves on the slopes of the high lands and in the intervals : the whitewashed cottages and farm-houses, frequently embosomed in thick clumps of trees, have an appearance sin- gularly picturesque. The inhabitants are chiefly settled in 3 ranges of concessions ; the first range occupies the borders of the river and comprehends a ridge of land of the greatest fertility, producing com, roots and all the fruits grown in Lower Canada, to a degree of perfection only to be ac- counted for by its favourable situation, which it at the base of mountains that protect it from the inclemencies of the north. The second range is on the highest elevation, where the road from St. Paul's Bay to Malbay passes over a distance of 9 L The inhabitants have built extensively in stone and wood, and, in spite of the unavoidable difficulties of the mountainous situation, the roads are good k\ / \ tr'^ i? EBOULEMENS. ! ! and punUe for ereiy dMeription of carriage. The vaUej that containt the viUagei of St. Joseph and St. Oodefroi, on one side of which is seated the parish church, is at least 3 leagues in circum- ference and the church, 120 ft. by 60, presents one of the finest prospects. From this eminence the view commands the Isle aux Coudres, sepa- rated from the land by a channel one league in breadth, and all the country, on the opposite side of the St. Lawrence, from Kamouraska to the en- virons of St. Thomas and even to the lower part of the Island of Orleans. The manor-house is in the centre of this valley on the bank of the little river, Ruisseau du Moulin, near which is built the seignorial mill which never ceases to work in the driest summer, being constantly sup- plied with water t. Ji the river which is fed by two small lakes. Oti this river, which conveys the purest water to the door of every house, is another corn-mill and also two saw-mills, in which a large quantity of timber is cut for exportation. The bene- ficence of theCreator, every where apparent, seems to have united in this S. numerous benefits as a counterpoise to the disadvantages of a mountainous region. The different valleys on the sides of the mountains present nearly the same picture. — In the second range the soil is a light yellow, more or less mixed with marl, and extremely fertile. The climate, in consequence of the varied exposure of the lands, is very various and the difference is even perceptible in going from one farm to an- other ; nevertheless, corn and leguminous roots of all kinds prosper as well here as in the first range, although sown and harvested fifteen days later. In the first range the autumnal mists dissolve in rain, in the second they descend in snow. The north and north-west winds are frequent. — A large portion of the third range is cleared from wood, and the soil is less flinty and generally more level than in the second range. This part of the seig- niory is behind the front chain of mountains that bounds the St. Lawrence and extends over a plain from 6 to 7 leagues in depth to the great chain of mountainous rocks. The newly settled inhabit- ants of this range produce an abundance of com from their lands, which are cultivated with the hoe. The autumnal frosts are later here than in the second range, which causes the belief that the surplus population, which migrate to this conces- sion and multiply rapidly, will find abundant means of lufaiistence. In qnte of the local dindvaBtafca, which entail on the inhabitants Uborious nodes of cultivation, instancei of emigration to the plauu are rarely known. Their well aired climate and their vigorous corporeal powen appear, as it were, identified. This little colony of Canadian moun- taineers may be compared to the inhabitants of Switzerland, or the Scotch highlanders.— This S. is watered by several streams, but principally by the rivulets du Moulin, du Mouton, de L'£|^iie and du Cap aux Oies, which descend from the rear and wind between the different ridges in a manner truly decorative. — On the du Moulin, near its discharge into the St. Lawrence, are seated an excellent corn-mill and saw- mill ; at a short distance from which stands the manor-house, a large and substantial stone building, with nu- merous appendages. — Several roads lead along the St. Lawrence, where the ground is practicable, and in other places over the ridges ; they are in general tolerably good but frequently ascend some very long and fatiguing hills. The want of a road to Quebec is one of the greatest disadvantages of this and the adjoining seigniories. The industrious inhabitants are, as it were, imprisoned during six months of the year, and can only export their sur- plus provisions while the navigation is open. The different sums appropriated by the House of As- sembly for the purpose of opening a communica- tion between St. Joachim and St. Paul's Bay have been expended cliiefly in searching for a convenient line of route, and have been totally lost by aban- doning the road opened in 1815 or 16 by the Chevalier D'Estimanville, at that time assistant chief overseer of roads. The sum of £1900 ex- pended since, under the management of com- missioners, was only sufficient to open a com- munication of 9 leagues across difficult pUccs, where there are many expensive c6te» and bridges to make. This road can never be finished without the intervention of the legislature, the inhalHtants being insensible to every thing to which they have not been habituated, and without this road this interesting part of the country will remain for a long time neglected. This S. and those of Le Oouffre and St. Paul's Bay, being denied ac- cess by land with other seigniories, owing to the intervention of a barren tract in Ctttv de Benupre, the principal part of the disposable produce is transported to Quebec by water, in which trade 'f« fl; M i i. 'If; 1 i E B O many ichooners are almost continually employed during the leason of navigation: their cargoes consist chiefly of grain, live cattle and poultry, besides large quantities of pine planks. — In the bays are some good hanks for fishing, which is resorted to as a means of livelihood. Great abund- ance of excellent fish and large quantities of her- rings are caught, besides loche, cod, sardenne, I'eplans, caplans, pilchards, eels and some salmon. The porpoise, which was formerly taken in abund- ance near the coast, is now become more rare; nevertheless, there is still oil made sufficient for the consumption of the inhabitants. —All the front of this S. contains limestone; the more elevated peaks are granite and there are many quarries of freestone of superior quality. — The timber is of vigorous growth ; the woods contain but little maple and much wild cherry, birch, pine, spruce, poplars, cedar and in general all the dwarf trees usually found in the forests of Canada.— Sul- phureous springs of various strength and aggrega- tion are very common ; there arc also many fer- ruginous springs, but their medicinal qualities are not sufficiently appreciated by the inhabitants. — Ten schooners and four chaloups, carrying nearly 300 tons, continually ply to and from the port of Eboulemens to Quebec, and the chief articles of trade are deals, boards, firewood and some wheat. —In the 8. are many potters, 2 joiners, 2 ship- wrights and 6 blacksmiths. — Each of the 3 corn- mills drives 4 pairs of stones. — The horses are ge- nerally of the original Canadian breed and, though small, are extremely docile and willing. The homed cattle which the late Colonel Nairne, the seignior of Malbay, imported from Europe have multiplied and bring greater prices than any others, and, notwithstanding the degenerating in- fluence of the long Canadian winters, they pre- serve the shape and qualities of their superior breed. Sheep are reared in great numbers, but the inhabitants pay no attention to selection. — The nuuiber of farms conceded in this S. is 284, containing 24,(i07 arpents. 17>729 arpents re- main unconccded.— This S. is in the parish of Notre Dame He Boh Secours, which also includes a small portion of the S. of Murray Buy. The population of this p. amounted, in 1826, to IHOO, although, by an error in the census taken in that year, the number is said to have been only 1400. ECU Statiitict of the Parish of Notre Dame de Bon Seemirt. Populstion 1,632 Churchn, R. C. 1 CurcR . . 1 Preibyteries . 1 Com-milla , 3 Fulling-mills 1 Saw-mills . 7 River craft . 5 Tonnnge . . 885 Keel boats . 4 Artiuuig . 10 1 Ship yards Annual Jgricullural Produce, Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Buahelt. »,(X)0 3,500 1,000 Potatoes Peas Rye Buthelt. 13,000 900 CwU. Maple sugar 02 Hay, tons . 138 Live Stock, Sto I Cows 750 1 Sheep 500 1 Swine 50001 1500 TW:. — " Le litre de cet octroi n'a paa encore iti trowi •i: ilureau du S^rrtariat, mais il paroit par un Acte de Foi et Hommage, rendu le 3me Avril, 1723, par Pierre Tremblay, alors propri^taire de ce fief, qu'entr'autres titres il produiHit une concesgion taite i Pierre Leuard, portant que toutes les terres en Seigneuries qui 8e trouvent depuis la Seigneurie, du Sieur Dupr4, jusqu'a celle du Sieur de Comports, nommre la Malbaie, demeureront et appartien- dront a I'avenir au dit Pierre Leuard (Pierre Tremblay, probablement )" — Mg, Foi et Uommoge,folio 55, April 3, I72a— CnAiiTf d!' Intend. No. 2 a % folio 3, April 5, lOai ECHAUFFAUD AUX BASQUES, V. CaNARDS, B. Echo Lake, in the e. part of the t. of Aber- cromby, is one of the sources of a nameless stream that descends to New Glasgow and joins the Achigan. EcuHRUiLs, les, or Belair, and its augmen- tation is a seigniory in the co. of Portneuf. It fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded s. w. by the S. of JacquesCartier; n. e. by Point aux Trem- bles and in the rear by D'Auteuii. — It is ^ !• in breadth by I league in depth. Granted Xov. 3rd, 1672, to the Sieurs Toupin. The augmentation, of the same breadth as the seigniory and 2 1. in depth, was granted Jan. 20th, 1706, to Marie Magdelnine M^cerai, widow of Jean Toupin. — Though composed of a soil nearly similar to the front part of the seigniory of Jacques Cartier, Belair cannot vie with that property in fertility. — The lands are all nearly conceded and most of them settled. Many of the concessioni were granted before 17^i)t and those that have been granted since are held on the same terms as the former. There are some neat and well managed farms. The unconccded lands are of indifferent quality, and many of them totally unfit for agricultural purposes — The river Jacques Cartier crosses the S. diagonally, and it is also watered by the Rivirru aux Pommes, a pretty winding stream that flows ii' i ,v ECU into the former. The timber has been nearly all cleared off, and what remains is very inferior both in kind and value. — Several roads cross this grant and one, intersecting them at right angles, runs from the banks of the St. Lawrence to the Jacques Cartier. — The augmentation is generally moun- tainous, but the land is not of a bad quality ; it is only partially cultivated near the seigniory and is tolerably well timbered with beech, ash, maple, pine and birch, and is watered by the River Port, neuf and some of its branches. The road from Jacques Cartier bridge crosses it, on each side of which there are a few neat settlemenU.— The Parish of St. Jean Baptitte des Ecureuih is divided into three fieft, belonging to Messrs. Deschenay, Hart and Alsop. The church, though small, is large enough for the congregation. The parish contains 60 families, three-fourths of whom, appre- ciating the advantages of education, supply the means of supporting a public school to which all the children of the parish can easily huve access ; in this school the elements of the French, Latin and English languages, arithmetic, &c. are taught. —There is no want of tradesmen in the S. This V. was for a long time celebrated for the quality of its com, but for some years this reputation has been on the decline. The presbytery is spacious and very commodious. The church, though small, is large enough for the congregation, and the pa- rishioners are inspired with an extraordinary seal in its decoration ; their contributions for this pur- pose have frequently been surprising. Population 518 Churches, R. C. I Presbyteries . 1 Com-mills . I Cording-mills 1 StatUtica. Fulling-milk SBW-inills Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans River crsft Tonnage Keellwuta 10 1 19 1 ylnnual AgrieuUiiral Produce, Wheat Oats Horses Oxen . Buthelt. 4v366 5,120 Barley Potatoes Ruthell.! . 90 Peas . 5,100 1 Live Slock. 206 1 Cows 190 1 Sheep 510 1 Swine 1,035 1 Buihtb. 3,100 309 TUIe.—" Concession du 3nie Novembre, 1672, faitepar Jean Talon, Intendant, aux Sieuis Toupin, Pere et Flls, d'une demi licue de front, sur line lieiie de profondeur, i prendre sur le fieuve St. Laurent, moiti^ au dessus et moitii au dessous de la pointe Bouroila (aux Ecureuih) aboutissant des deux c()tt» aux terres non.^oncM^cs,"— lUgUtre d'Inteniance, \o. 1,/o/io 3.9. AugmeMtttlUm.—" Concession du 20nie Janvier, 1706, faite par Philippe de Rigaud, Gouverneur, et Fraufoii de Btttuitarnoit, Intendant, i Marie Magdelaitie Mezerai, E S H veuve de feu Jean Toupin, d'une demi lieue de teire de front sur deux lieues de profoiHieur dentil la Seigneurie de Btlair, le front k prendre immMiatenient k une lieue du fleuve St. Laurent."— Mgiitrt d'tnltndanet, JVo. S, Jblio 41. Edward (L.), v. Batiscan, r. eowards-town, 0. brauaarnoib, s. Ely, township, in the co. of Shefford, bounded K. by Melbourne and Brompton ; w. by Roxton ; N. by Acton and b. by Stukeley. The whole of this T. has been surveyed and the s. ■. quartet granted. The laud is good and, if cultivated, would prove fertile ; the low land, though rather wet, is not unfit for tillage and produces some of the best kinds of hard, black woods. — This T. is watered by branches of the Yamaska and other streams. — Here are very few settlers.— 950 acres were purchased by Mr. Wm. Hall of Quebec for £100. — Ungrauted and unlocated 2,800 acres. EuBERTON, a projected township, in the go. of Sherbrooke, is bounded by Ditton, Auckland and Drayton, and is watered by the R. Margalloway. Enfant Jbsvs, de 1' (P.), t;. Montrbal. Enolibh Bay, on the n. shore of the St. Law- rence, in the co. of Saguenay, lies between St. Panovace and Manicouagan Bay. English Rivbr, in the S. of Beauhamois, rises in several springs in the rear of William's Town and, winding to the front, joins the Cha- teauguay nearly 1 m. above the church. Ennies, des, river, rises in waste lands in the rear of the 2nd aug. to Ste. Anne, in the co. of Champlain, and watering the rear part of the S. of Batiscan fulk into the r. of that name. Entry (L), i;. Maodalkn, i's. Erien Lake, in Clarendon, lies near the centre of the T., between the 9th and 10th ranges and B. o'' *)pooy Lake. L'-r^.'HAiNE, river, in the co. of Saguenay, falls ill. J the n. shore of the St. Lawrence about 10 m. below the r. Grande Berxeronne. EsROANETsooooK, rivcr and lake, in the co. of rislet. The river rises in the mountainous and waste country lying s. of the rear boundary of the T. of Ashford ; running b. it receives one stream from the n. e. and another from the m. w., both descending from small lakes. The R. then forms the lake of the same name and, taking a a. w. di- rection, joins the Daaquam about 6 m. above the junction of that river with the a. St. John. EsHRR, a projected township, fronts Lake des Allumets, in the co. of Ottawa, and lies between N ! ^^ ] 1 I * !! : ' 1 ' ■ 1 li : * ETC the projected townahipe of Hastings and Sheen. In Esher the Hudson's Bay Company have a Post. Etchbhin, lake, is in the cos. of Bellechasse and Beauce and lies in the angle formed by the junction of the townships of Ware, Standon and Cranbourne ; it supplies one of the main branches of the R. Etchemin. — No part of the District of Quebec is better calculated to be the centre of an extensire and flourishing settlement than the vi- cinity of the Lake Etchemin ; no inland situation could be selected better adapted for the site of a village than the margin of this beautiful sheet of water, which is somewhat more than 4 m. long, navigable from one end to the other and abound- ing with fine tifh. The shores of the lake, without assuming the appearance of rocks, are bold and picturesque and the margin in most places either pebbly or composed of the finest sand ; it is sur- rounded by excellent land, presenting on all sides a moderate and gradual ascent from the water and three or four good mill-streams enter the lake at different points. On a small peninsula on the N. side is every appearance of an extensive mine of iron ore: bog ore has been found in great abundance not far from the s. w. side, and indeed on all sides, for many miles round the lake, there are strong indications of this valuable mineral. This lake is in a most central situation ; at the head of a considerable branch of the b. Etchemin, and within a mile or two of the head waters of the River St. John and of considerable streams com- municating with the Chaudiere ; it is in the direct line of the nearest and only practicable route of communication with the River St. John, and is by nature appointed the great highway between Que- bec and the lower provinces ; it is also in the line of the nearest road to the State of Maine and enjoys, moreover, the advantage of proximity to the road lately opened to the Kennebec settlements, wherefore the distance by that road may be short- ened by descending in a direct line down the valley of the Etchemin to Pointe L6vi, in lieu of the cir- cuitous route by the Chaudiere : so situated, few inland places in the province possess superior ad- vantages as a commercial entrepot to the Lake Etchemin. A village in this situation, commu- nicating with Quebec at the short distance of six- teen leagues, would, when the country in the vi- cinity has somewhat advanced in settlements, offer a most convenient place of deposit for the produce ef the neighbouring country, as well as for that of B T C the St. John district and the slate of Maine : being in the high road from the capital, at the distaace of a short day's journey, it would also form an in- termediate point of departure for all the extensive countries lying to the south, south-east, east and north-east. The value of an easy and safe inland water communication with the lower provinces must be obvious, and will ever be an object of the utmost importance to the inhabitants of the British North American colonies. Etcbbuin, river, in the cos. of Beauce and Dorcheriter, rises on the s. b. boundary of Stan- don, and, having the t. in a direction at right angles with its general course, it enters Cran- bourne and, sweeping along the s. w. base of the mountains, again returns n. e. before it enters Frampton, forming in its course a rocky penin- sula of 6 m. in length by half that in width: a good water communication exists round this peninsula, the Etchemin being deep and navigable from lot 19 to lot 28, but not lower, for it be- comes a wide and shallow stream on a rocky bed ; the rapids in the 10th range extend only a short distance. After watering the t. of Frampton and the S. of Jolliet, it enters Lauzon and tra- verses the whole of that S. to the St. Lawrence, into which it falls between the domain and fief Ursuline. — When the extensive country through which this b. runs, now wholly uninhabited, has been settled and brought into a state of improve- ment capable of reimbursing the cost, an inland water communication from Pointe L^vi to Ma- dawaska, and perhaps eventually even to the Bay of Fundy and the distant Atlantic, would neither be doubtful as to its beneficial result nor very costly in the execution, by simply im- proving the bounty of nature furnished by the rivers St. John and Etchemin. — At the Upper Falls of the r. is an Indian carrying-place and the remains of a canoe have been there found, which indicate, perhaps, a nearer route to the na- vigable waters of the St. John than that disco- vered by Mr. Ware. From Lake Etchemin to the Middle Falls the descent is very trifling, so that, it is believed, the dicharge du Lac might by embankment be made navigable for boats : the descent at the falls is not more than twenty feet, and the ground is favourable for the construction of locks : from the falls to Ware's River, at the s. angle of Buckland, eight miles, the Etchemin is narrow, deep and navigable, flowing through an '^ A It P A tJ alluvial valley : from the last-mentioned place to the Bridge of Ste. Claire, 18 m., is over a hilly tract of country, but in a gradual slope, affording numer- ous and considerable streams as feeders to a canal ; and, lastly, from the Bridge of Ste. Claire to Pointe L£vi, about 21 m. is over a fine level country very favourable for the excavation of canals, so that the whole length of the canal connecting Puinte L6vi with the River St. John would not, in all probo* bility, exceed (iiVy miles, if so much. Perhaps the bed of the Etchemin, above.the Lower Falls, might, by embankment, be made navigable for a great part of the distance, the fall being in most places very inconsiderable. £uoEME, river, rises in l. Oliveira in the t. of Dorset, in the co. of Megantic, and taking a b. course enters the t. of Oayhurst, through which it winds gracefully in a gentle current until it falls into the Chaudidre near Pointe Ronde. Famine, la, river and lake. The river rises in several branches, in the T. of Ware, which unite vrith other branches, one of which descends from Lake la Famine in the t. of Watford, and tunning into the S. of Aubert de L'Isle falls into the Chaudiire near the w. angle of the p. of St. Barbe. The lake is in the extensive swamp lying in the rear of Ware and Watford. Farnhau, township, in the co. of Shefford, is bounded N. by the t. of Granby and the b angle of the S. of St. Hyacinthe ; a. by Stanbridge and Durham ; E. by the t. of Brome, and w. by the aug. to the s. of Monnoir. It is watered through- out by the first branches of the R. Yamaska. The land is of good quality, generally similar to that of Stanbridge though perhaps with a greater pro- portion of indifferent tracts ; in the n.w. parts are wide-spreading swnmps. — The best parts arc tim- bered principally with beech, elm and maple ; on the marshy parts are the usual inferior sorts.— Watered by large branches of the river Yamaska, on which are many com and saw-mills.—- Several roads cross in every direction. Along the banks of the streams nre some good patches of settle- ments. Nearly all the land is granted. In 1798> Mr. Samuel Gale and others obtained a large por- tion and still continue the greatest landholders: in 1805, a grant was made to the family of the late Colonel Cuyler, and in 1809 the westemly part, being the " rest and reiidtte of Famham," was laid out and 10,170 acres granted to Jobs Allsop, Esq. and others, his associates, who still retain the property. — UmfraiUed and utUeaMd 1372 acres. Slat'ulie$. PopulRtion 835 Churches, Pro. 8 Curates Schools Villages . Corn-mills . Carding>niilU Fullin^-milU Saw-mills . 3 I.) Tanneries . I Hat Dianiiract. 1 Potteries . « Potaaheriea 4 Pearlosheriei Rreweriet Distilleries . Medical ttcn Notaries Shopkeepers Tarema , Artisans I i I I S i 18 Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Annital jigricullnral Product. Biuhclt. Buihrii. Buthcb. . 0,010 PoUtoes tU,UUO Buck wheat 5,800 . 9,IM Peas . 4,9 jO Indian com 5,460 . 1300 Rye . 100 Map. siig. cwt 35 Live Stock. SSSTCowi 305 1 Sheep G60 1 Swine 2,3551 780 Fausembault, seigniory, in the co. of Port- neuf, is bounded n. E. by Guillaume Bonhomme and St. Gabriel ; s. w. by Neuville and Bourglouis ; 8. by Desmaure and n. by waste lands. This S. is irregular in front and depth ; its superficial ex- tent about 12 1., one-third of which is in lakes, rivers and mountains. From the S. of Desmaure to the R. Jacques Cartier it is only a narrow slip of land, 1 1. broad, and 3^ 1. deep ; beyond that river it spreads to a breadth of 8 m. with an additional depth of 3 1. granted Feb. 20th, 1693, to Sicurde Gaudarville and now the property of Juchereau Duchesnaye, Esq. The front of this S. is 3 1. from the St. Lawrence and its first two ranges of con- cessions are settled by natives of the country; a third range is conceded to natives but is not settled. The principal settlements are on the Jacques Car- tier, consisting of about 80 farms on each side of the R.i there is also another settlement more to the N. besides those on Lac St. Joseph, on the discharge of which are an oatmeal mill, a saw-mill and a bridge 60 feet by 18. A great part of the lands were conceded before 17^9, and more recent concessions have been made which are held under the ancient tenure. The land that remains un- conceded is of very indifferent quality, and much of it is totally unfit for agricultural purposes. That part of the seigniory lying between Gaudarville and Guillaume Bonhomme, though rather moun- tainous particularly towards the river, is of good quality; the land rising gradually affords many m3 H ■■ !■■! 1 ^ 1 . J, ,..1 ! illli t I: -it I i ') ■ \ '. \ i 1 , ; •i ** P A U opportanities for cultivation ; the loil is either a middling lort of loam or a lajer of Uack earth, of no great depth, upon a stratum of sand : the farms exhibit good tillage and are by no means defective in fertility. — There is a tolerable variety of tim- ber ; the maple, beech and birch are particularly good : inferior wood is in great abundance. — Se- veral roads lead to the adjoining seigniories on each side, and one from Desmaure up to the Jacques Cartier, but there is scarcely a stream to be met with until reaching that river; thence northward, this S. is mountainous, continually rising until it approaches the great N. w. ridge, and is very well clothed with timber but it is ge- nerally unfit for cultivation. — This S. is watered partially by the R. Jacques Cartier, by Lac St. Joseph and Lac Bonhomme tiesides some smaller lakes in the ravines, and also by several little branches of the r. Portneuf which rise in the sliirts of the mountains. — Part of this S. is in the parish of St. Augustin and part in the r. of Ste. Catherine, which lies behind it and is served by the same cur^. ( Vide Gaudarville, and for sta- tistics of Ste. Catherine, f. vide Desmaure.) Statistics of the Settlement of St. Patrick. Population 883 Aqienta under cultivation . . SIO AimHal Agricullural Produce. Biuheli, Wheat 90 OaU . 1,172 Kye 87 Barley Peas . Potatoes Butheli. . M . 76 10,340 Bundleik Hay,«[c. . 850 Butter cwts. 18 Horses . Live Stock. 10 1 Homed cattle M | Smne . 49 Tille—" Concession du 80me F^vrier, 1693; faite par iMkit de BMttde, Gouvemeur, et Jean Bochart, Intendant, au Sieur de Gaudarville, de trois lieues de profundeur au derri^re du fief de Gaudarville, ensemble toutes les terres attenantes qui sont derrit!re les fiefs des Sieurs Deimauret et Guiltaume Boufumme, et jusqu'i la profondeur de la ineme li^ne du Nord-est au Sud-ouest, <}ui terminera les dites trois lieues, ensorte que tout ce qui est compris en la pr^sente concession sera borne d'un bout, par devant, au Sud-est, (Mr les lignes qui terminunt les profondeurs des dits fiefs de Gaudarville, Bouhomtne et Detmaure, et par derrierc au Nord-ouest par unc ligne courant aussi mrd-est et Sud>ouest qui terminera la profondeur des dites trois lieues par derrierc le dit fief de Gaudarville, et sera prolong^ droit jusqu'au fief de Neuville, ct par un c6t^ au Nord-est, d'une partie des terres du fief de SUlery, d'une iiartie de celles dc Gaudarville, et des terres du dit BoHhommcf et de I'autre c6t^ au Sud-ouest, boni^ des terres du fief de NeHville:'—Regittre d'tHlendance, No. 4, /blio II. P o u Fbmmbb, ruisseaa des, a small rapid stream descending into the N. shore of the b. Saguenay, nearly opposite Ha Ha bay. The Descents de$ Femmes forms a good harbour for vessels. Fbrb, river, rises in a small Like behind the high lands near the rear line of the S. of St Roch les Annais, and taking a w. course washes the boundary line of that S. and Reaume, where it receives a small rill from the s. and turns a mill, from which it strikes off to the N. and running to the village in St. Roch des Annais falls into La Grande Anse in the r. St. Lawrence. Ferub, petite, river, rises and falls in the s. of CAte de Beaupr6; it runs through the domain of St. Joachim into the St. Lawrence about 4 m. from the mouth of the R. Ste. Anne. Fbrrb, river, rises in several lakes in the waste lands in the rear of the S. of Bourglouis ; it runs B. w. through the S. of Perthuis into Long Lake which is the source of the R. Noire. Fitch's Bay is a long sheet of water in the t. of Stanstead emptying itself into Lake Memphra- iQBg<>&- It receives the waters of a considerable lake that cuts the division line of Stanstead and Hatley. At the mouth of this bay is a small island. Flamuand, river, runs into the R. St. Mau« rice above the N. Bastonais R. Flbur, la, river, in the Island of Orleans, rises in the high lands, and taking a a. w. direction runs through the fief Mons. Poulain into the south channel of the R. St. Lawrence. Forges of St. Maurice, v. St. Etiennb, f. FovcAULT or Caldwell Manor, seigniory, in the CO. of Rouville, is bounded n. by the S. of Noyan ; 8. by the state of Vermont ; e. by Missiskoui Bay, and w. by the r. Richelieu. Granted, Ap. 1, 1738, to Sieur Foucault ; 2 1. in front by 2^ 1. in depth, — The line of boundary between LowerCanada and the United States runs through this S., by which a great part of it is placed within the state of Ver- mont — The face of this S. is generally level, though slightly undulating and regularly interspersed with swamps and gebtly rising grounds; the land though low is superior in quality to the other low lands on the east bank of the Richelieu, and may be cultivated with thegreatfest success ; but this superiority ,joined to the benefit of having water communication at its east and west boundaries, has yet attracted but few settlers, who are chiefly American farmers, and are settled in different parts of the S. — Apple F O U POX orchards flourish nrell in this S. and various kinds of the plum and cherry are cultivated with success. The forest timber consists of white pine, white oak, cedar, ash, elm, maple, beech, hemlock, larch and fir. — The roods are mostly in good repair ; 5 prin* cipal roads are established by law, 4 of which lead froci the province line n. through the a. and one from Missiskoui Bay w. to the river Richelieu ; these are intersected by several shorter roods- There is a ferry over the Richelieu at the province line, where the river is one mile broad; the rates of ferriage are, for a waggon drawn by two horses 3s. 9d,, a waggon with one horse 2«. 6d., a foot passenger \t. — This 8. and that of Noyan ad- joining are divided into 2 parishes ; the w. parish, which includes the protestant episcopal church of Foucault, is called St. Thomas ; there is no ptuvon- age house nor public school, but there are 4 private seminaries in each of which are taught, on an average, 25 scholars. — Foucault is about equally and uniformly settled in every part. The popu- lation in 1825 amounted to 1051 ; the number is now increased. About -Jths of the land are under cultivation, and the soil is highly favourable to the growth of hemp and flax ; the latter is cultivated by every family for domestic use. — The average com produce is about 20 bushels per acre: wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, barley and buck-wheat are raised in abundance, and peas are cultivated to a considerable extent. The annual consumption of wheat, rye and Indian com, for food, is about 8400 bushels of each ; and of Indian com, peas, buck-wheat and oats, for fattening cattle and pigs and feeding horses, about 9000 bushels. — One com-mill and one saw-mill have been erected on Wolf Creek by Captain John Taylor, which, from the smallness of the stream, con work only about 4 months in the year. There are 4 permanent potash factories and several private ones of minor importance : there are also 2 tanneries. — Potash, lumber, beef cattle, pork and grain are the prin- cipal articles of traffic, which are exchanged for merchandize. — The price of agricultural labour is 2s. 6d. a day; and a mechanic earns 5«.— Among the tradesmen are 1 saddler, 1 wheelwright, 3 blacksmiths, 3 cordwaincrs, 1 hatter. — Milch cows and labouring oxen prosper well, and sheep are reared in sufficient numbers to supply each family with wool for winter clothing. — Although no mine nor mineral has been discovered, some specimens of rock crystal, garnet and emerald have been found, also various petrifactions on the shores of the Richelieu.— This S. is watered by Wolf Creek that flows into South River, also by Missiskoui Bay on the e. and by the R. Richelieu on the w. ; these rivers abound with fish of delicious flav')ur. I, Title. — " Concmiion du Utat Avrii, 1738, fait* par Charles, MarquU de BeauhtrnoU, Oouverneur, et GUkt Ilocijuarl, Intcndant, an Sieur Foucault, de detix lieiin de teire de front, boni^ea du cb%t du Nord par la Seigiieurie nouvellement cuiif<'dr« hu Sieur de Soytn, et rur la meme li(:ne, et du i-itte du Siid \ deux lieue* de la dite ligne par une ligne ]iarullele tirre Est et Uiient du monde ; lur le devnnt par la rivit're Chambln, et lur la prol'undeur par la Ilaic de M'utUquouV—Rtgiilre d'lutendance. No. 7, yWio9. FouQUET, a small stream in the S. of Orand- ville and Lochenaye ; it turns a cora-mill at its junction with Riviere des Caps. FouRCHE, grande, river, runs through the Cdte de la Grande Fourche across theTemiscouata Port- age into the n. w. branch of the B. Trois Pistoles. Fourche, petite, river, connects the small lake that receives the waters of r. des Sangues with the 8. w. branch of the R. Trois Pistoles. It runs across the Temiscouata Portage, s. E. of the r. Grande Fourche. Fourche, la, a river in the S. of St. Giles. FouRNiER, fief, in the co. of L'Islct, fronting the St. Lawrence, is bounded s. w. by L'Epinay; N. E. by Gagnier and Ste. Claire ; in the rear by waste lands of the crown. — SOarpents in breadth, by 2 1. in depth. Granted Nov. 3rd, 1672, to Sieur Foumier. — It is watered by the Bras St. Nicholas and two other streams, besides a fourth which rises in a small lake near the s. w. angle. Title.—" Concession du 3me Nov. 1678, faite par Jean Talon, Intendant, au Sieur Foumier, de trente ai'peng de terre sur deux lieueH de profondeur, it prendre sur le lleuve St. Laurent I tenant d'un ci>tk au Sieur itt VEpiimy, et d'autrc aux terres non-concidecs." — Rigiitre d^Intendancc, No. \,foli,> 28. Fox, rivers. Great and Little Fox rivers arc about 2 m. from each other, both falling into the gulf of St. Lawrence, between Griffin's Cove and Little Vallee in the co. of Gaspc. Great Fox river runs through the s. angle of fief Anse du I'Etang. Statistics of Great Fox River. Population . . 57. Annual Agricultural Produce, Potatoes Butheli ■M) Peas Live Stock. Buihela. I(X) Oxen Lows IG Sheep - iO Swine . 1ft 17 ■W •I I I V ,llih !' F R A M P T O N. Frampton township, in the co. of Beauce, in the rear of the 88. of St. Joseph and 8te. Marie, on the river Chaudicre, bounded n. k. by the t. of Buckland ; s. w. by the 8. of JoUiet and 8. k. by the T. of Cranbourne. This township is sitimted at the commencement of the mountainous tract of country separating the waters of the St. Lawrence from those of the St. John, and consequently prc- lents, on its near and farther sides, very different appearances. The s. k. hide, from about No. 16 to 28, is intersected from s. w. to N. e. by a chain of elevated mountains, in many places impracticable for roads, frequently rocky and otherwise unfa- vourablu for immediate settli.-raent. Like the other parts of the township the elevated portions arc, however, very much superior to the valleys, which arc generally swamps covered with stones and producing inferior descriptions of timber such as sapin, spruce, some birch and ccdei'. — As far as is now known, neither this nor any other portion of the T. contains any limestone or sand. — The N. w. half of the t., although also hilly, is mucli superior to the opposite side ; all the hills may be cultivated to their summits, the valleys are in general good soil or cedar, alder and ash swamps. The land is every where stony, but the stones are loose and on the surface. Tlic soil is a strong white or yellow clay, producing very superior crops of wheat and other grain, potatoes, turnips, Sic. The gra8.s, in the cultivated valleys, is very dnc and is thought to be the cause of tlie su- perior quality of the butter made in Frampton. Tlic uplands are timbered principally with maple and birch witli a mixture, more or less, of ash, sprui-e, iron wood, beech, hemlock, \c. In the valleys and alluvial points on the river are cedar in great abundance, alders, elm, ash, spruce, pine, with many other kinds of soft timl)er, and occa- sionally also birch and maple, but there is no white birch. — In the valleys are found consider- able quantities of potter's earth. — The wh(de of the township is uncommonly well watered, and there are a great nmny very excellent mill seats on the various brunches of the n, Ktchcniin, as well as on the waters communicating with the Chauditre. — This township will be costly in bringing into cultivation from the number of stones on the surface ; but, once cleared, it will become a very valuable and prmluclive settle- ment, particularly to graniers. — The most con- spicuous luuuatain is called the i'tajiaudiire i it is in the 0th and 10th ranges. No. 15 to 20, and is only a link of others as high or higher, extending from it to the n. s. and s. w. — The N. B. half of the t. is traversed by the river Ktchemin in its whole extent. There are two small lakes in the 3rd range, abounding with excellent trout; both communicate with Pyke River, a branch of the Etchemin. — Roadi have been opened and made passable for wheeled car- riages in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 9th and 11th ranges, nearly halfway through the T. ; and a cross road, in very tolerable order, has been made between lots No. 2 and 3, from the front to the rear the whole way. The road in the Oth range is opened and passable for 7 miles, and that in the 3rd nearly as far. Other roads are projected and in progress, and a road in continuation of that in the 9th range has been traced to the river 8t. John (distant from the s. e. side of the t. 17 miles) by order of government.— There are no bridges or ferries established over the Etchemin in this T., but it has now become absolutely requisite that a bridge should be built over that river, as the com- munication between the inhabitants is often cut ofi' by floods, &c. — This T. has not been erected into a parish yet, and there is only one place of reli- gious worship, a lUmian Catholic chapel, recently erected in the 3rd range, where service is occa- sionally performed. From the situation of this township it ought to be divided into two parishes, for the N. E. and a. w. sides ought to be distinct. On the south side an appropriation of crown lands has been ma'le for the supjwrt of the school ; on the N. R. side there is no reserve for this purpose or any other of the kind. The h. w. side of the T. in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th ranges has been settled from 1010, and at present contains the greatest population, about 170. The settlement on the N. E. side war. begun in 1H23, 7 years later than the other side; the total number of s high in the centre by 13 at top; centre pier 50 ft. long by 30 wide at base ; the abutments from 34 to 45 fti wide. The expense P R A of building this bridge hu been about £435, vi«.— Voted by the House of Asxembly . ^00 ApproacDes and bonwiogstion, abotit SO Subicribed by the settler o, aboiU . . 65 Total expense of the bridge . ^4.33 In rendering an account of their proceedings to the House of Assembly the commissioners very justly remark that no similar work could be con- structed in the province for less money. It is here not improper to observe that the long ex- perience of the author, as surveyor-general of this province, and the evidence of facts prove how ju- diciously the commissioners for the opening and improving of the internal communications are chosen ; the economical and judicious manner in which they direct their important labours, par- ticularly the personal supervision which they be- stow, ensures promptness of execution and con- fines the expenses within the limits of the esti- mates; therefore the sums voted for such pur- poses are never exceeded without attaining an adequate and generally an unexpected benefit. The money expended on these roads and bridges has, exclusive of the object in view, been of the greatest possible advantage to the adjoining coun- try, both seigniories and townships, and a small additional sum granted for improving the roads in this valuable t. would have the immediate effect of settling the principal main roads up to the boundary of Cranboume, and theieby open the most valuable portion of the lands in that t. for immediate settlement, which cannot otherwise be effected. The commissioners strongly recommend the opening and making passable, for summer car- riages, three main roads in this t. leading to- wards the waste lands of the crown beyond, and traversing a tract of excellent country offering every inducement for immediate settlement : vix. 1st, a road on the N. k. side of the R. Etchemin ; 9nd, a wheel-carriage road on the s. w. side of the B. Etchemin, from the new bridge to Cranboume, almiit ten miles. This road will open a direct com- munication with the upper valley of the Etchemin, called Lef Anlnniei dm Mine$, and lead directly to the best lands in Cranboume ; 3rd, improxnng the present main roads in the 3rd and 4th ranges of this T., by which alone the road at present opened in the 8. w. part of Cranboume can be approached, Knd the communications from the parish of Ste. Claire through Frampton and Cranboume to the >. Cbaudiirc, opened for carts. O A D The author cannot conclude this account of the T. of Frampton without publicly expressing his acknowledgments to Wm. Henderson, Esq., a large landed proprietor, whose public spirit and enterprising talents render him a most valuable member of the Literary Society of Quebec, and are highly useful to the pros)ierous advancement of the best interests of this part of the province. Stati$tie». -m. •* Population 2G3 1 PotashericR . 2 Corn-mills . 1 j Pearlasherics 1 Tavenu . 1 Annual Agricullurat Produce, BiuhtU. Biuhcb. Wheat . H;«> Peas . UdO Oats . 8,500 Rye . 3.-J() Bailey . 100 , Indian com 160 Potatoes 0,000 { Buihcls. Mixed gnin SO M. sugar, cwts. 31 Hay, tons Itt Live Slock, Horses . 18 Cows . 1061 Oxen . C5 Sheep . 68 Swine . 17a Fbanchetillk, fief, in the co. of Portneuf. This small f. fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded N. B. by La Tesserie ; n. w. by Reste dei Grondines and N. by the b. Ste. Anne. Fbanciievillb (F.), v. Oronoinrs, S. Franchbvillb (F.), t^. La Tkssebib, S. Fbrlitrboubo (V.) V. St. Armano, S. Fbkneb, des, river. Kuisseau des Prunes rises in a concession of the same name in the S. of Mur- ray Bay, and passing through the n. k, angle of the Coucesaion called la Riviere Malbay falls into the B. of that name. Fbiponnb, la, river, in the S. of Cote dc Beau- pr6, rises in Petit Lac in the p. of St. Joachim and, ranning first n. w. and then n. w., enters the St. Lawrence nearly 6 m. below the mouth of the B. Ste. Anne. FBO^T Bbook rises from several springs and a lake in the 5th range of the t. of Clifton and, ranning n. through the w. angle of Eaton, falls into the a. Salmon in the first range of Ascot. Fbobt Village, v. Dunham, t. O. Gabbllb, Falls of, v. St. Maubioe, S. GADUAMOOUHH0UT0rOADI7AMOOUICBAM,river, rises in two lakes in that part of the district of Quebec which borders on the n. w. angle of the co. of Bonaventure, and, mnning through that part of the CO., becomes one of the chief sources of the B. Riktigouchc. I r ii m : ( ■ ft- If; i I :i . j GAS Oaonisb, fief, in the co. of L'lilet, U bounded N. E. by Cap St. Ignace ; a. w. by Fournier ; in the rear by Ste. Claire, and in front by the St. Law- rence. — 10 arpents in front by one I. in depth. Omnted, Sept. 3, 167<'>, to Sieur Louis Gagnier. — The Mil is tolerably rich, productive and in good cultivation, particularly along the St. Lawrence where the surface is level ; the rear part is rugged and mountainous.— > Well watered by the Bras St. Nicholas and another river from the e. Tltk.—" Concession du Sme Scptembre, 1675, faite par le Comic de Frontenac, Gouvemeiir, a iMuit Gngtikr, dit Belleavanee, de dix arpeiis dc terre de front, u eummencer depuis sa concession, en montant le flcuve St. iMurent, dans les terres non-concedees, 8^|>arant icelle et ce qui appartient au Sieur Fournier, avpc unu lieue de profondeur, pour Stre unie k sa part du fief Lqfrenay, qui lui a tti concede conjointemeiit avec le Sieur Gamache, part qui lui apparticndra." — Hig'utrc d'lulendaHce, No, 2, folio 15. Oaonon, river, rises in the lakes of Abercromby in the co. of Terrebonne and falls into the Riviere du Nord or North River. Gaonon, river, in the S. of Riviere du Loup. Gaoodchioaou or Oaoovcuisaouiiy, river, falls into the s. bank of the r. Ristigouche. Gamache (F.), t;. Cap St. Ionace. Garnet, river, in the waste lands in the co. of St. Maurice, runs w. into Lake Kempt. Garthby, a projected township in the co. of Sherbrooke, lies n. e. of Weedon. The Lake St. Francis severs this tract into two nearly equal parts. Gabpb Bay, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the 8. B. side of the co. of Oaspe, lies between Cape Gaspe and Whale Head ; it runs about 16 miles into the land and is about 6 miles broad : from its extremity two inlets, called the N. w. and a. w. arms, penetrate a considerable distance into the interior and receive the waters of several streams that flow from the mountains: the bay itself is deep and well sheltered; the shores are lofty and the settlers are nearly all fishermen. The basin is said to be one of the best and most commodious harbours in America, and is capable of containing more than 300 vessels in the most perfect security. It is easy of access and may probably become of importance, /« a rendesvous for the homeward and outward-bound fleets. At present, it is frequently resorted to by ships on their way to and from Europe, meeting with tem- pestuous and adverse weather in the Gulf. This place deserves attention from persons skilled in nautical affairs, and competent to give a correct view of the advantages it possesses as a port. Ap- GAS plications have been made for grants of water lot* in the basin, which it might be expedient to grant under certain conditions, such as the immediate erection of wharfs and store-houses for the con- venience of shipping and trade, taking care, how- ever, to make suitable reserves for public purposes, such as laying up and repairing vessels, &c. The whale fishery is carried on with some success by a few active and enterprising inhabitants, who are almost exclusively employed in this kind of fishery. Four or five large schooners, manned each with from eight to twelve able and skilful persons, are occupied in whaling during the summer months. This business yields about 18,000 gallons of oil, which is principally sent to Quebec. The num- ber of hands employed in reducing the blubber to oil, preparing casks and other incidental labour, may amount to about 100. In summer the bay is refreshed by a sea-breese which commences about nine in the morning and lasts till sunset, and is succeeded by a land-breexe that continues till the morning. The singular reflection of objects on the shore during calm weather is remarkable in this bay ; the whole face of the shore, opposite to that on which the spectator stands, suddenly appears to change and presents the most fantastic appearances, which continually vary until, by de- grees, the whole disappear and leave nothing to be seen more than the natural appearances. — Grande Grioe is a tongue of land projecting into the gulf that forms the e. shore of the entrance into Gasp^ Bay. This place, with its environs, is settled by fishermen. The population amounts to 352. The live stock is 3 horses, 21 oxen and 25 cows. — VielleFemme or the Old WomaH is a rock contiguous to the cape and is evidently a fragment or section of it, the space between them having been evi- dently worn and carried away by the sea, or broken off from the cape by some convulsion of nature. In fine weather this remarkable rock offers to the eye of the spectator at Douglas t., 15 leagues off, the appearance of a ship doubling the cape with a fair wind : this appearance is ren- dered still more striking by the reflection on the rock, on which appear shades of coloura that look like the flags of a ship streaming in the air. — Se- veral rivers empty themselves into Gasp fondeur et limite de la dite Seigneurie de 7*1%; tenant d'un cAt^ H la Seigneurie de Lauzon, et d'autre i celle ac- cord^e a DemoiKelle Legardeur Ha soeur, ihu" concession du 4mu Janvier, I7.'i7, ct par derrijrc aux terres non-con- cHiQt."—HiiiUtre d'lntcndance. No. 9,Jbllo I. Gatinkau, river, rises in some large lakes far in the interior of the country, between the rear of the T. of Hull and Hudson's Bay: these lukcM have been visited by the Indians only. It enters Hull at lot 23 of the 16th range and traversea the T. diagonally, varying in width from 10 to 20 chains, and finally diser-.bogues into the Ottawa in the t. of Templeton, about half a mile below the B. outline of Hull. — Steam-boats have ascended this R. for 4 miles, and it is navigable for the heaviest bateaux and other small vessels for ft miles from the Ottawa : then it becomes rapid for about 15 miles and turns two mills. It is navi- o2 7 ' 1 r ,! j^ ' j • I 1 . ' 1 1 1 \ ■ r t 1 f ' , \ f ' 4 : ! ' 1 i ni M '!■ OAT gaUe' for canoM, it is said, for above 300 miles; and the Indiana aioend this b. when they go into the back country for the purposes of trade. It is a large, wild and rapid stream, and above 5 miles from its movith in so obstructed by falls and rapids that timber cannot be brought down it— at least the experiment, it is believed, has never been tried. It abounds in views of the wildest and most ro- mantic scenery. At its confluence with the Ot- tawa in lot 37 of the front range of Templeton, this a. is nearly 20 chains wide. It is well stocked with fish and the usual sorts are bass, pike, pickerel, maskinong6, cat-iish, sturgeon, eels, &C. On the B. bank is a hill which may become an object of notice in a military point of view from its shape and commanding position. Ascending the B. beyond this point, cascades and rapids are not unfrequently to be met with, some of which are remarkable for their beauty and variety, environed as they are by a rather picturesque scenery, par- ticularly in the 7th range of Hull where a small saw-mill, situated at the foot of a rapid, breaks into view. The agitated waters, flowing fast be- tween a small island and the main bank, which, on this side as on the other, is much elevated above the bed of the river, produce a fine efiect. This river, though well worthy of research, is remark- ably little know i. It is the largest of the Ottawa's tributaries anil Joins it 3 miles below the Chau- diere Falls, nearly opposite the Rideuu, discharg- ing at least five times as much water as that river. Our ignorance of it is partly explained by the common report of its course ; because, for up- wards of 100 miles before it joins the Ottawa, it flows parallel with and but a short distance from it, so that no Indian traders have found it worth their while to make establishments on it. This river has been wholly unfrequented by the lumber-dealer on account of the great rapids and fulls near its mouth, at one spot said to be 100 feet perpendicular. It is supposed that the Oatineau will present one of the finest pieces of river navigation in Canada, after passing the heights fWnn which it descends near its mouth. The variety of minerals known to lie on the banks of this R- renders it an object of still higher interest. Oatinrau and Augmentation, seigniory, in the CO. of St. Maurice, is bounded w. by Orosbois; k. by Pointe du Lac ; in tlie rear by the t. of Caxton O A U and in front by Uie St. Lawrence.—} 1. in front fay Ij L in depth. Granted, Nov. S, 1673, to Bieur Boucher, junior. The augmentation, of a similar breadth and 4 1. deep, was granted, Oct. 81, 17S0, to Oemoiaelle Marie Josephe Oatineau Duplessis. — The land is of rather a lighter soil than that of the adjoining grants, but it is equally fertile and under nearly the sbme mode of culture. — Watered by the two rivers Machiche, whose banks for a considerable distance upwards display some good and thriving settlements, which are connected by many good roads besides the public road that crosses them. Title.:—^* Concession du 3me Novembre, 1672, foite par Jeau TaloH, Iiiteiidant, au Sieur Boucher, fiU, de trois quartii de lieues de terre de front sur une lieue de pro- londeur, a prendre sur le Lac St. Pierre, depuis la conces- non du Sieur Boucher son p^re, jusqu'aux terres non.con. cidiee."-HigUtre di'IuUuiance, Jfo. I,/odnq arpens de front sur quatre lieues dc profundeur; tenant du c6te du Nord-ost HU fief dc Sillery, appartcnant aux r/'V^Tcnd» ]\im Ji'«iiite§, et du cAli du Sud-oueit au iief de Detmaure, ap|)urtenant Bu Sieur Hubert.— Ceite concession a pour date It 8 de Fevricr, 1C.W, ct fut accord^e ru Jjouis de Luukom, Sicur de la Citi«re."— AVe Cahier$ dlHtendance, No. 10 a 17, folio 63U. Oauthibb, river, rises in the lakes of the T. of Ahercromby and falls into Riviere du Nord. Gayhurbt, a projected township in the cos. of Megantic and Sherbrooke, lies between the T. of Winslow and the b. Chaudiere and is bounded N. E. by the t. of Dorset. The b. b. angle of this tract is watered by the b. Eugenie and by another B. whose precise course is unknown : both rise in the w. angle of Dorset. Gentilly, river, rises in Lake St. Louis and several other sources in the t. of Blandford. It runs w. into the T. of Maddington, where it has many branches. Below the saw-mill in Blandford it is navigable for canoes and rafts. From Mad- dington it runs in a serpentine course through the S. of Gentilly from a. to n. and falls into the St. Lawrence about a mile N. K. of the church. Gentilly, seigniory, in the co. of Nicolet, fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded n. e. by Livrard ; b. w. by Coumoyer ; in the rear by Maddington and Blandford. — 2V 1. in front by 2 in depth. Granted, Aug. 14th, 1070> to Michel Pclletier, Sieur de la Perade, and now the property of Messrs. de Lery. — For a great distance the h. bank of the St. Lawrence is low, in many places but little above the water's level ; it here assumes a different character, rising high and steep, wlience there is a gradual descent towards the rear. The soil in front is a sandy loam and good clay, but further back it changes to a strong black mould very favourable to agriculture. The first and se- cond ranges of concessions near the St. Lawrence, and on the river Gentilly, exhibit Judicious ma- nagement: the land in cultivation amounts to about j of the S.— 4 ranges are conceded, 3 of 4 := I ' m <}t9 re .../rs. G E N T I L L Y. which are in a great degree inhabited : the grantees of the 4th labour industriously, each on his re- spective farm. The farms in the 1st concession, via. those that front the river St. Lawrence, ex- tend 40 arpents in depth ; those of the other ranges extend to only 30. — There are no roads across the non-conceded lands, nor arc they surveyed. The seignior lays out a range, and, when all the lands or farms of this range are conceded, he lays out another, and as soon as possible the grantees apply to the grand-voyer to open the necessary roads.— The lands conceded before 175!) were granted in lots or farms of ^ or ^ league in front, 40 arpents in depth, and oftentimes the depth was only li- mited by the extent of the seigniory: since that pe- riod, an arrangement being made with the grantees, such lands have been reduced to 40 or 30 arpents in depth, and were charged by the seigniors with very moderate rents, which have not been in- creased. — The youths are in general desirous of making new settlements. The fathers take in con- cession as much land as they are able, in order to provide for their childrto who settle as near as pos- sible to their relatives and friends. There are still about 2 ranges of 30 arpents in depth unconceded. Among these there are, as in every other part of the S., good and bad lands : the latter are generally taken by the grantees for wood. — Nothing in this S. retards the establishment of new settlements, which are increasing fast, and the seignior de- mands moderate rent only. — The timber on the banks of the Gentilly is of the best kind and qua- lity, but that in other parts is only fit for fire- wood, and, for that purpose, large quantities are cut and rafted down to Quebec. — This property is watered by the river Gentilly and two or three smaller streams, which work one com and one saw-mill. Road from the S. of Genlilli) to the R. Becan- rour. This important road has been commenced by commissioners chosen for the purpose by the pro- vincial assembly, as its general utility to the town- ships on the Bi'cancour is most obvious, particu- larly to Blandford, Maddington, Bulstrode and Stundon, which will thereby be connected with the old settlements on the St. Lawrence : it will also become in a short time, if it be continued to Somerset and Nelson, ptrt of the line of com- munication between the St. Lawrence and Craig's Road. Notwithstanding the care and attention to economy evinced by the superiutendant, the commissioners have been unable to make this road but in a very imperfect manner, on account of the nature of the ground over which the rood passes. From the St. Lawrence, as far as the rear of the S. of Gentilly, the ground is tolerably favourable to the opening and making of a road; but from the point last named to the river B6cancour the land is for the most part low, wet and difficult to drain, unless some labour be spent in clearing and opening the rivers and water-courses which cross the road. The timber on almost the whole of this ground is of large size and consists of cedar, hem- lock, ash, larch, &c. — an evident proof of the fer- tility of the soil, as well as of the difficulty of clearing the road and freeing it from stumps and roots, which must nevertheless be taken out before the work can be made durable. These difficulties inevitably made the performance of the work now done on the road tedious and expensive, at the same time that they convinced the commissioners that when once well made the road in question would yield to none in the province in facility of repair or in goodness. The commissioners caused the part of the road first commenced to be cause- wayed and ditched. Perceiving in a short time that the funds placed at their disposal were insuf- ficient, they thought it their duty to open this communication from one end to the other, even in an imperfect manner, rather than complete a part and leave the remainder unopened. They were, however, able to do no more than to cause the timber to be cut down, the roots and stumps to be taken out, and 18 ft. in the middle of the road to be levelled, leaving uncausewayed and without ditches a multitude of places which it becomes every day more and more difficult to pass with safety. The last-mentioned inconvenience has been in part diminished by the work done on the road by the owners of lands in the t. of Bland- ford, by the causeways they have made, and by their clearing out the river Gentilly and two of the principal water-courses. — Of the sum appro- priated (,£-170 currency) there remains in the hands of the commissioners £'24. \s.2^d. To pre- vent the total loss of the money already expended, it would be necessary that a further sum should be appropriated for the completion of the work already commenced, and for making the necessary ditches, bridges, causeways and clearings. Inde- pendently of the work which remains to be done in order to complete this road to Blandford, it w- bv of GOD would be desirable that the legislature should grant to the persons, to whom lands have been conceded in the back concessions of the S. of Gentilly, an aid to enable them to finish more promptly a road which was verbalized in 1828 and in great part opened bj them, ill 75 currency would be suf- ficient to finish this road together with that to Blandford, and thus an easy and uninterrupted communication would be established between the new settlements on the river Becancour, in the townships above mentioned, and the settlements on the St. Lawrence from which they are distant about 17 miles. TUU. — " Concession du Ume AoAt, IG7G, faite par Jacquet Ducheneau, Iiitcndant, a Mic/u-l PiUetier, Sieiir lie la Perade, de la Scif^neurie de GenlUhi. contenant deux lieues et deiiiie de front sur le Heuve St, Laurent, a prendre aux terrcs du Sieur Hertel en descendant, et deux lieues de profondeur.*— il^^Wre d'lHtendance, Ifo. 2, folio II. Gkoroetown, v. Bbauhabnois, S. GeOBOEVILLE (V.), V. NOYAN, S. Glaises, aux, river, in the S. of Pointe du Lac, falls into Lake St. Peter between the rivers St. Charles and aux Loutres. GoDBRET, river, in the co. of Saguenay, falls into the mouth of the St. Lawrence between Cap St. Nicholas and Cap des Monts Peles. GoDEFBOi, river, rises in Lake St. Paul, of which it is the main outlet into the St. Lawrence. Its whole course is short, not above 2 m., and fonns the division line between Becancour and Gentilly. GoDEFROi, river, rises near the front of the S. of Roquetaillade and running n. e. traverses Godefroi, and near the n. e. angle of that S. falls into the St. Lawrence. Godefroi, seigniory, in the co. of Nicolet, is bounded n. e. by Becancour and the most n. ex- tremity of the T. of Aston ; s. w. by Roquetaillade ; in the rear by Aston and its aug., and in front by the St. Lawrence. — 1 1, in front by 3 1. in depth. Granted, Aug. 31, 1(S38, to Sieur Godefroi and is now the property of Etienne Le Blanc, Esq. and Slons. Loiseau. — Estimated generally, the land is valuable ; in the front, indeed, it is rather light and sandy, but it soon loses that character and towards the interior improves into a fine black mould ; in the rear it lies low and has one or two small swamps and, perhaps, as many bruUs: a little draining would, in a short time, convert the first into fine meadows, and the latter might be as GOD easily improved into good arable land. — Wood it plentiful, although there is little of first-rate qua- lity. — The rivers Ste. Marguerite and Godefroi, with many small rivulets, wind through this S. and water it completely. — About two-thirds are settled and partly in a state of superior cultiva- tion, particularly on the road or Chemin du Village, as it is called, that goes from Becancour to Nicolet, the CAteaux Vuide Poche, Beaus^jour, St. Charles and COte du Brule. Between the different ranges there are roads leading to the Route de St. Gre- goire, which communicates with the main road near the ferry across the St. Lawrence. The church of St. Gregoire, surrounded by a few well- built houses, is situated on the east side of the route near the Chemin du Village. The e. boundary of Godefroi is supposed to pass down the middle of the river Godefroi from Lake St. Paul. Title.—" Concession du 31me AnAt, 1G38, faite par Charlet Iluol de MontmagH;/, au Sieur Godefroi, de trois quarts de lieues de terre le luni; du ileuve St. Laurent, sur trois lieues de profondeur "lans les terres; et sunt les dites terres bomees du c6t^ di Sud-ouest d'unc ligne ,200 Barley . 1,000 Potatoes 33,700 G088ELIN, river. The RuiMeau GosBelin rises in the rear part of the S. of Oasp£, in the co. of Lotbini^re, and running into the S. of Lauzon is joined by the Riviere Noire and falls into the r. Beaurivage. GouFFRE, Du, or St. Paul's Bay River, in the CO. of Saguenay, rises partly in several streams running s. from the rocky hills called Mont des Roches and partly from others that run n. from the centre of the t. of Settrington. These streams unite in the waste lands n. of Settrington and form the Gouffre, which winding s. divides the p. of St. Urbain, in Cote de Beauprc, from Racour- cie, and descending towards the St. Lawrence receives the waters of several rivers, particularly from the n. w., and enters that R. nearly oppositp Isle aux Coudres. This river may be considered ns one continued rapid, though of moderate vio- lence : the only obstacles to its free navigation arise from an accumulation of boulders in several parts of its channel, over which it is difficult for a canoe to pass without striking. It is in most places shallow, but its shallowest places might be easily rendered navigable, and without doubt for bateaux by removing only such of the boulders as are most in the way of the channel. To drown these boulders would not be easy and would occa- sion a great loss of excellent land, unless ex- pensive banks were formed to retain the waters. This river is surprisingly circuitous, considering the rapidity of its current, and is perhaps one-third longer than the road between St. Urbain's parish and the bay. Although the R. is not easily ascended, being full of rapids, the excellent road on its right bank renders this inconvenience lighter. — In the parish of St. Urbain and in Racourcie, on both banks of the river, are mines of ore ex- tending from 100 yards to 2 miles ; the ore is of that excellent quality called by mineralogists mag- netic oxide of iron and by miners rock ore. There is also bog ore in the low grounds adjacent to this R., in the beautiful valley through which it cir- cuitously takes its course. The valley commences in the parish of St. Urbain and continues 6 or 7 leagues to the St. Lawrence, and is perhaps half a league wide. There is also a cross valley on the left bank of the B., which is said to communi- cate with the volley of the Molbay river. These valleys are exposed to injurious frosts on account of the north winds that rush down them early in the fall. — It appears that the river is rapidly gaining on the w. bank and receding from the eastern, owing to the alluvial section that the former presents in many places, while the latter forms in general a gradual slope to the foot of the mountains, which on the eastern side is much nearer the river than on the western. The spring torrents rush with such impetuosity as to tear away a portion of the feeble borricr op- posed to them, particularly at the sudden bends of the river where their effect is greatest. These torrents by undermining the bank soon make it top-heavy, and the superincumbent mass falling is gradually removed to the bay, where a species of delta is forming. The height of the Iranks on each side of this r. varies from 1 to 50 ft., and near its entrance into the boy one small limestone rock lifts its head above water in mid-channel. The sandy nature of the soil at the mouth opposes little resistance to the action of the current, which when strongest steals upon the shore contiguous, leaving a proportionable space dry on the opposite side, and in this way one proprietor of lands finds himself possessed of the property of his neigh- bour. When property in this place becomes more valuable, and this natural encroachment more aggravated, it will probably become a subject of litigation. The estuary of this river, with the exception of its bed, is almost dry at low water, but it affords a convenient strand for river-craft and boats. Gouffre, du, river. Brag du Nord-nuest, in the S. of Cdte de Beaupr^, rises in a lake in the p. of La Petite Riviere and takes a n. k. course until it reaches the concession St. Gabriel, when it turns to the 8. E. and soon enters the R. du Gouffre, about 1 m. above the ferry that lies near the mouth of that R. Gouffre, le, seigniory, in the co. of Saguenay, fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded w. by the r. du Gouffre; k. by the 8. of Les Eboulemens, and in the rear by waste crown lands. — It is about ^ 1. in front by 4 1. in depth along the r. du U m ' I (!!: n O R A Goufiie. Granted, Dec. 90lh, 1682, to Pierre Dupr^l and ii now the propertj of Madame Dra« peau. — This 8., on the k. tide of the river, is nearly the counterpart of the opposite settlement in C6te du Beaupr^, possessing almost the same kind of soil and cultivated in a similar manner. — The capes Ckirbeau and LaBaie, projecting into the St. Lawrence, are of great height and rise abruptly from the water's edge : they are connected with the chain of mountains that ranges along the r. du GouiTre far into the interior; diverging at tint a short distance from it, leaving an intermediate tract of good land, but afterwards drawing quite close upon its bank.— The first concession, border- ing upon St. Paul's Bay and coasting the river, shows a range of settlements where agriculture has obtained no small degree of improvement : some trifling degree of amelioration has also been obtained in the rear of this range. From the capes, that form the exterior points of the bay on either side, the ridges of high lands describe a cir- cuit before they close upon the river: their lofty and craggy summits form a grand amphitheatric back-ground to the picturesque and highly ro- mantic situation generally known as the St. Paul's Bay Settlement. — There are several routes or concession roods that lead into the interior to the concessions of St. Ours, St. Croix and the village of St. George. Title.—" ConcesMon du aOme Dfeembre, 1C88, fute par Lefebre de la Barre, Oouverneur, et De MeuUet, In- tendant, h Pierre Dupti., d'une demie lieue de terre de front surquatre lieiies de profondeur, joignaiit douze arpens de terre qui sont .depiiis la borne dc .Uuiwcigiieur I'Ev^que de Qitihcc, en descendant vers le cap aux Oiei; le tout concMe a litre de tief et Seigneurie, avec le droit de chasse et de |.eube ; pour la dite concession et les douse arpens plus haut mentionn^s (4 lui concMr Madrid, lelKniory, in the co.' of St. Maurice, i» w the n. side of Lak« Bt. Peter, between the Aug. to Kivirre du Loup and the HH, of Orotbois and Dumontier.— One league in front by 3 in depth. Granted, July 30, 1695, to Pierre Boucher, Sieur de Oraadpre and now belongs to the Hon. Louid Ougy. — This seigniory is singu- larly overlaid by that of Rivi^ du Loup, which, from being a prior concession and the term of the grant expressing half a league on each side of the river, leaves but a small irregular frontage on the lake for Grandpr^. This tract, in soil and tim- ber, strongly resembles that of Riviere du Loup, but it is by no means so well settled; there is, however, every probability of its becoming, in a few years, an estate of considerable value. Title—" Concession du 30nie Juiilet, 1695, faite par Louit de Buade, Oouvemeur, et JtuH Bocliari, Intendant, i Pierre Boucher, Sieur de Grandpri, d'une licue de terre de front dans le Lac St. Pierre, tenant d'un c6tr aux terres concM^es de la riviire Yamachiche, et de I'autre k celles de la Riviere du Loup; ensemble lea isles, islets et battures adjacentes."— AiJlg'Mrc d'Intcndance, No. it, folio 18. Grande Riviere or Quiadksquaok, rises near the Portage of Wagansis and the extreme point of the co. of Bonaventure, near the first waters of the Ristigouche ; it runs 8. w. into the B. St. John about 5 m. above the Great Falls. This river would be navigable for canoes if cleared of trees. The greatest part of its borders is covered with maple, building wood and mixed wood. The land through which it runs appears fit for culture, for its whole course, 8 leagues, is through good land, and the people on the Madawaska settle* ment have commenced other settlements near the mouth of this r. which promise well. The navi- gation is in many places obstructed by jambs of drift-wood, torn away by the floods in the spring which form dams across the R. and which, gradually filling up with soil, sometimes divert the course of the river into new channels. Grande Riviere, seigniory, in the co. of Gaspe, lies in the Bay of Chaleurs and extends 1^ 1. in front by 2 1. in depth. It is between the S. of Grand Pabos and Cap D'Espoir towards Isle Population O R A SMutiei. 118 I Kcrl-boals W OaU Uorsca Oxen Aanuat Agricaltural Produce. Biulwta. I Buihtli. I ■wkeh. IM I Potatoea lt,m) \ Iiulian com (iH Uv* Stock. 8 1 Cows . SSiSwine . Oa . Xi I Sheep . 101 I TUk.—" Conces«ion du SloM* Mai, 1697, faite par l.oiiii de Buade, Gouverneur, et Jean BiKharl, Intendant, au Sii'iir Jaci/net Cochu, de la Grande RivUrr, silute dans la Bale det Chalfiiri, avec une lieue et demie de terre de front sur deux lieues de profondcur, a prendre de|Miis la Seigneurie du Grand Pabot, appartenant au Siviir Hfn^ Hubert, en tirant du cult du Cap Ktpolr, vers I'isle Perctt." — Regittre d'Jntendance, Ko. b,fiilio lH. Grand Ruisbeau rises near the s. w. boundary line of Lauzon, and running N. e. falls into the R. Chaudi^re about 2 m. from its mouth. Grand Ruisbeau, river, rises in two small streams in the S. of Riviere Quelle. These little streams, at whose confluence and between the forks are some settlements, unite near the boundary line of Ste. Anne, and in that S. run a short course into the St. Lawrence. Grande Vallee des Montb, seigniory, in the CO. of Gasp^, lies between Anse de I'Etang and Magdalen, on the a. side of the St. Lawrence. — 2 1. in front and 3 I. in depth. Granted to Sieur Francois Hazaeur, Mar. 23, 1691 . — It is 2 1. from the R. Magdelaine and 4 1. from L'Etang. — A river of the same name divides this S. into two nearly equal parts. — This S. also includes the isles and islets in front and in the R. Grande Vallee des Monts. Title — " Concession du 23me Mars, I69I, faite par Louit de Buade, Gouverneur, et Jean Bochart, Intendant, au Sieur Franfoit Hazxeur, d'une itrndue de terre de deux lieues de front, au lieu appclr la Grande I'allie dei Montt Notre Dame, dans le tieuve St. Laurent, du rot^ du Sud, i deux lieues de la riviere Magdebtine, et quatre lieues de VEtang, en descendant vers Gaipi, avec la riviere qui sv rencontre i la dite Valtie drt Montt, <|ni sere dans le milieu des dites deux lieues de front sur truis lieues de profondeur dans les terres, avec les isles et islets cjui pour- ront se trouvcr sur la devanture des dites deux lieues, et dans la dite riviire sur la profondeur des dites trois lieues. " — RigiHrc d'lntendauce, No. i,Jblio 3. Grand Village, v. Lauzon, S. Granovillk, seigniory, in the co. of Kamou- raska, is bounded n. k. by the S. of Islet du Portage ; a. w. by the S. of Kamouraska; in front by the St. Lawrence ; in the rear by the unsur- veyed t. of Bungay. — | league in breadth by 4 1. in depth. Granted, Oct. 5, 1707, to Marie Anne de GrandviUe, widow of Sieur de Soulange. pa li ! ll m ' 's'^^^ft^K ' ' • I I .!p 1 4%t O R A O R A III '\ V n One half now belongs to Mr. Toche and the other half to Mr. Joseph Fnuer. — 4 ranges are con- ceded and subdivided into 126 lots or farms. One quarter of the S. is unfit for agricultural purposes. The parts under cultivation are, all the two front concessions, three-fourths of the 3rd and the front road of the 4th. — In this S. are pineries. Tillr — " Concroiiion du 5mc Octobre, 1707, fiiite i Dainu AfarU Anne dc GrimdvilU, veuve du Sieur de Soii- langf, d'une lieuc ou environ dc front »ur In fluuvc St. iMurenl, 4 comnieiicer joigUHnt le Sicur dc Foitlon, dont la cunve88iun cumnicnce a deux lieues audessus de la rivii)rc de Kamouratka et fiiiit unc licue audcHsoiis, et en descendant au Nord-est, joixnant son aiicienne concession, Hvec les isles et islets, bancs et battures qui se trouveront vis.a-vis ici'lUV luquvlle sera incorporre ct jointo avcc la ditc iinciennc coni-cssion, pour desdeux n'en I'aire f|u'une." —Rigiiire det Foi el llommnge. No. 107, fiilio 107, 2me .Inul, 1781. Cu/tkrs d'lHlaiduHce, 10 d 17,/)/iu jSk GiiANUViLLE and Lachknayb, seigniory, in the CO. of Kamouruska, fronts the St. Lawrence : it is bounded s. w. by Islet du Portage and the unsurveycd lands of Bungay ; n. e. by the S. of Terrebois ; in the rear by the i. of Bunguy and waste lands. — 2 leagues in breadth by 3 in depth. Granted, June 2nd, l(il)0, to Sieur dc Grundville and de la Lachcnaye. — There are isome very fer- tile patches of land ; a small portion of the 8. is cultivated, but it is not at present in a very Huurislniig condition. Tiie best farms are near the main road that passes close to the river. — Timber is sufiiciently plentiful and some is of the best kinds. — This S. is but sparingly watered by a few small streams that descend into the St. Lawrence, and possesses nothing worth notice: there are indeed ranges of concessions marked out which bear the names of St. Andre, Bouchette- villc, Marie Louise Adelaide, Ste. llachel and St. Theoear that any of the con- cessions were grunted previously to I'Jit'i); it is ditheult to discover why some farms extend •!() arpents in depth while others extend to DO only, and why 40 sols were at lirst exacted per ariH'Ut and tliu rent afterward'' increased with the addi- tion, in many instances, of a sugar rent, sugar being very often the only return made from the new lands. A considerable number of persons are both willing and able to make new settlements ; and a great number of farms remain unoccupied in the neighbourhood, some of which are of very good quality. The principal obstacle that retards the settlement of these lands is the want of roads across them. The church is seen to emerge very prettily behind two or three hills, and, combined with the Pilgrim isles to the northward, forms an interesting subject for a sketch. Mr. Marquis, a very respectable landholder at this place, is the first who has yet tried the use of embankment of low land in this province to prevent its being in- undated; he has found the principle to answer perfectly, and means to extend his labours to other inundated parts of his estate. Two leagues be- low St. Andre is the entrance to the Temiscouata Portage, and alx)tit 14 acres west of it stands a comfortable inn kept by Madame Pirron. Statistics of the Parish of' St. Andre. Population ino.'i riiiirrlios, R. C. I Currs . . 1 I'resbyforics 1 Corn-mills . Saw-niills Sliopki'opcrs Taverns Artisans Kiver-iraft Tonnage Keel-boats 12 185 2 Annual AgriiuUiirul Prndiicc. Wlicnt Oiits Uarlcy IIi)rsi's Oxen Biishcli. , ll,.'i7l llutheli. I Buihcli. Potatoes •i7,m) fiidian corn 5»,000 Peas . (MN)! Maple su);ar, Hyc . 300 1 cwts. 134 Live .Slock: KiOr Covv« 230 1 Sheep 920 1 Swine MUX) I m) Tilt::—" Concession du iinu- Jiiin, IfiOO, faite piir I.nuU lie lluiidc Coiiite do I'nmlrtmc, (iouvcriicur, et Jnin lliuliiirt, Iiiteliilant, au Sieur ile (Irundvlllc ct dc /,j\ii'H> I. GiiANTii AM, township, in the co. of Drummond, fnmfs the w. side of the n. St. Francis : it is Ixiuiuled H. by Wiekham ; n. and w. by I'pton. On the St. Franci-i the gniimd is high and broken by several deep ruvines. — Much iron ore is found in the neifjliliourhooil. — Larfje extents pnKliice line luxuriant iialiirul (ira.ss, wliiih, after eonn'nj; to ma- turity, dries upon the gn)und and is little interior GRANTHAM. to good meadow hay. — The prindpal pioprieton are the hein of the original grantee, the late William Grant, Esq. About one half of the clergy rewrvea are leased and have been rapidly improving since the terms have been rendered more favourable. The front ranges are the most settled, some as far as the Uth range. The chief proprietors in the township of Grantham are the Hon. John Richardson of Montreal, Lieut.-Col. Heriot of Drummondville, Major Ployart, Capt. Steigar and the heirs of the late Col. De Cham- bault. Mr. Richui-dson has about 30 Canadian fa- milies improving land for themselves which they have purchased from him at Cts. per acre upon credit. Col. Heriot has built a large house, round which he has cleared about 20() acres of lund. A corn and saw-mill are now in operation, and a stone corn-mill is erected at the Drummondville Falls. That gentleman has likewise several lots of land with clearings which arc cultivated by others on shares, i. e., he receiving one half of the produce in lieu of rent. There are two bridges of note in this T.; the Prevost Bridge over the Prevost river near its mouth, on the high road from Three Rivers, where Col. Heriot has mMls ; and Richardson Bridge, two miles ubovc, upon the Yania.sku road lending to S^trcl. — The average produce per acre is from 16 to 2() bushels of wheat, and every kind of gniin is raised. The cattle is of the American breed, and good breeds of sheep and swine have been introduced by Col. Heriot. The price of agricultural lalwur is, with board, .i2 u month during harvest and 'Mh. at other times ; young men will lie rc<|iiisite to complete the roud in a ninnner which will enalile the biu'k settlers, who are |KM)r and few In number, to keep it in rcpuir. The coninii.sNioncr hai cleared the road of trees, undcrwiHNl and windfalls aJMUt Mi feet wide, and has in geiicnd t'cllcd all the leaning trees and most of the dry trees close to the road: he has erected two large bridge! and MTenl smaller with squared timber coverings ; he has also made several new causeways and repaired the old, cover- ing thei.i with earth although not deep enough : he has also made several ditches on each side of the road in the wettest places, and has cleared of stumps and roots about one-third of the breadth. The face of the country through which tlie road passes is, in general, flat and sandy, very tit for a road but not for cultivation, except a few lots on the last 2 m., where the land becomes good and is settled. The continuation of the rood through Durham, Melbtmmc and the townshiits on the side of the St. Francis to the province line, is well settled and traverses good land, capable of maintaining an immense population. — The road from Drummondville to the 8. of Deguir has also experienced the enlightened liberality of the pro- vincial legislature. The sum of i;!90(> has been voted towards its improvement and 1827 Uio. 3ad are unquestionable, no doubt can be entertained rtf the liberality of the provincial assembly, more esiiecially as without this additional grant the money exiiended will be entirely lost. Had the stiil over which thi:< rouil runs been any other than whut it is, the sum voted for the puqMKie would have been suflicient ; but the country being very low and flat, and the soil u deep black earth intersected by many swamps of greater or less extent, the waters having nu outlet spreiul over a great part of it and the ground adjacent, which created a vast deal of additional ex[H-nse and labour. The road being at first made only 'X\ ft. wide was liable to be blocked up by trees blown aiTuss it, whenever the wind was high, as well as to other accidents; it has therefore been ojM'ned throughout its whole length to the breadth of from lIMt to 110 feet, leaving ttbtmt a(> feet clear of every obstacle that might impede the traveller. A bridge across the river Prevost, which crosses the road near the village of Drummondville, has been built in a more hiiIi- stuntial manner with the heaviest uiul most diintlile wo(hI of the neigblxiurhiHHl : it cimt .i'4.'t IH.v. Tlie length of the road is Hi\ miles. I'ntil this roud is completed, the inhabitants of Drumnnrndville are obliged to transport their pnKluce ti> Mi>rel cither by the n. .St. Francis or by the present cir- cuitous route, a distance of no less than 17 I-a I * 'i in' '. i n 1'^ i'.i 1 G R A while Drummondville ii only 9 1. distant from Sorel in a straight line and across a fine level country, most suitable for a road, having no hills and but one river to impede the progress of any carriage, while the present mode of conveyance is attended with innumerable inconveniences &om the unevenness of the road, ferries, &c. if the goods are sent by land, and by many rapids, portages, &c. if conveyed by water, together with the great distance of the journey, which consi- derably increases the expenses of transportation. — The Parish of Drummondvilk extends over the township of Wickham as well as Grantham and contains two churches, both situated in the village of Drummondville : one is attended by members of the Church of England and the other by Roman Catholics. The village is on the R. St. Francis and was built under the direction of Lieut.-Col. Heriot, C. B. for the accommodation of disbanded veterans. It was destroyed by fire June 22, 1826. Its chief trade is in grain and pot and pearl ashes ; it carries on an extensive traific with Sorel as well as with the neighbouriug townships and those more in the interior to the south. It contains 2 schools, one public and the other private, in each of which 20 scholars are instructed. The settlement of Drummondville was commenced in 1816, during the administration of Sir George Drummond. It is particularly indebted to Col. Heriot, member of the provincial parliament for the co. of Drum- mond, for its original establishment and progressive advancement. That gentleman has been at con- siderable expense in building several com and saw- mills : his house and establishment, erected on an eminence at the n. w. extremity of the village, add materially to the beauty of the scenery when viewed from the opposite bank of the St. Francis. — Vngranted and unlocaled, 13,315 acres. Statistics of the Parish of Drummondville. Po|iiilnti()n 380 Cliiinlies, RC, « Cur^a . I Schools . )i N'illiiges , I Corn-millg , ('ardiiiK-inilU Kulling.nnlls Siiw-inilU . Tanneries Potaihcries . PpBrlaslieries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans 4 10 Annual Agricultural Produce, Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Duthelk ■l.ooo 5iK> Buihrli Potatoes j,j(H) i'eas . JIO Duihclt. Rye . «X) Indian corn 6()0 the Slock. 175: Cows •iV) I Sheep .3101 S^Wne 4«Ul 300 ORE Obbbn Island, v. Isls Vertk, S. Gbbkn Point, v. Odiatobouan, b. Gbbbn Rivbb discharges into the B. St. John, 6 leagues below the church in the settlements of Aladawaska. Grekn Rivbb or Quahqubrticook, in the CO. of Rimouski, rises n. e. of Middle Lake, and, running a. through the country, receives the waters of several smaller streams; it passes w. of the Quamquerticook mountains and joins the B. St. John about 3 m. below the church belonging to the Madawaska settlements. Orbnvillb, township, in the co. oS Two Mountains, with its augmentation, is bounded in front by the Ottawa; e. by Chatham; in the rear by the waste lands of the crown and by La Petite Nation. It possesses many local ad- vantages besides the Military Cannl. The front was surveyed and subdivided in 1788, in 1807 the a. E. section was laid out and subdivided, and in 1821 and 2 the survey was extended to the 7th range. The lands thus surveyed are not of a very favourable description, being bold, abrupt and mountainous, in many parts divested of soil yet offering at the foot of frequent mountains rich, fertile and in some places extensive intervals, composed of a siliceous earth very fit for cultiva- tion. The hills and cliffs are chiefly of a condensed granite of various colours. The most conspicuous ridge of highlands rises not far from the St. Law- rence at the B. w, angle of the T., and, extending n. e., traverses it obliquely as far as the 6th range, where it enters Chatham. The meadow-land, which lies at the base of these hills in the front, is over- flowed in the spring of the year by the Ottawa, from lot No. 8 to the w. line of the t. This part and the remainder, comprehended between those highlands and the St. Lawrence, form a trian- gular ^ace of fine level and well irrigated soil, which was at the time of making the old grants considered by the grantees as the only cul- turable section of the t. Proceeding northward, from the Orenvillc heights to the 7th range, the face of the country presents only a succession of ascents and descents, abrupt hills and stupendous mountains, interspersed, nevertheless, with rich vales whose fertility is almost an adequate com- pensation for the many sterile and unarable parts of the T. On the banks of the Calumet lime- stone of a superior species is to be found in abundance, also stone of various colours with M />?-1>'- ,1 ORENVILLE. n ?r n which mantdiMcei have been made ; and in Na 10 at the 5th range a biack4ead mine if worked. The surface of thii t. ii in general mountainoiu with manf imall valleyi of excellent soil, and some of the hills afford good land for tillage. The soil varies from the richest clay loam to the poorest fox-land, and in many places would produce hemp and flax. The mountains in the t. are more pro> minent about the centre, drawing towards River Rouge, but in the aug. they prevail moat on the B. side towards the b. of Petite Nation, rising to great heights in cliffs and broken surface, ap- proaching a great lake in the 10th range, then stretching s. crossing the line to the a. Rouge. An extensive valley embraces the r. part of the augmentation firom about the 4th range, and spreading along the Denver Meadow Creek from the R. Rouge on the e., and embracing variously from No. 1 to 3 in the augmentation until it reaches the base of the mountains in the 9th range, still bounded by the R. Rouge, from which there is an easy and gradual ascent, generally, throughout the whole extent. The soil in that valley is chiefly argillaceous, sometimes becoming a surface of strong yellow loom mixed occasionally with a siliceous rock, timbered with elm, maple, birch, tamarack, some cedar and ash, pine and hemlock, and is particularly watered by large rivers and their tributary waters flowing to the Rouge. The numerous valleys, particularly the one just mentioned, offer the best situations for settlers in the township and its augmentation. — This T. is abundantly watered by many rivers, rivulets, small lakes and ponds, which traverse it in every direction. The principal rivers are the Kingham, the Calumet and the river Rouge. Many o'' the lakes are well stored with trout. West of the river Rouge, and in the 3rd and -Ith ranges, are five small lakes, into which flow many rivulets and inferior streams that rise in the upper part of the t. ; the waters of the lakes, issuing by several small channels, meet and are discharged into the Ottawa between the front lots Noti. S24 and 35. On the Kingham is the only saw-mill in this T. ; it belongs to Mr. Kainc. — The south and only surveyed half of this townsltip is tra- versed by several roods, the principal uf which being that opened at tlic cx|]ense of the province, which runs almost parallel to the n. bank uf the Ottawa, entering Urcnvilic at lot No. 1, above the cimul ; passing through the military dc]Kit ut the basin, it crosses the Kingham over which there u a good bridge, and thence continues w. to the B. boundary of La Petite Nation. This road appears to have been marked out with little judg^ ment, as a comparatively trifling deviation from the existing line might, in more than one place, have rendered it. much better, and the necessity of so many bridges and causeways would have been avoided. This high-road is good as for as the 7th lot, after which it becomes impassable. Along the Kingham there is a tolerably good road, leading to Mr. Koine's residence and saw-mill. The rivers generally in this t. present numerous mill- sites which must ultimately prove highly advan- tageous. Westward towards the river Calumet, over which there is a bridge, the road is tole- rably good and has many new settlements with some well cultivated and prosperous fields; but the habitations and bams arc by no means cal- culated to impress the traveller with un idea of ease and comfort. A few such settlements arc scattered along the remainder of the road to the division line, between the S. and the augmenta- tion of Urenville. Along the road w. of the Ca- lumet bridge to the lofty ridge of highlands nre excellent patches of good land clothed with hard timber, which are, however, by no racuus so ex- tensive as to make up for the stony and uncnl- turable parts of the T. This road continues, though very bad, along the k. branch of the Ca- lumet, and, passing occasionally by the door of a solitary settler, terminates in the 7th range. It should be observed, in justice to the inhabitants of these parts, that they have surmounted, with the most industrious and praiseworthy persever- ance, the various obstacles presenting themselves in regions so hilly and forbidding, and have suc- ceeded in the attainment of a degree of rustic en- joymeut beyond what might have been reasonably antici)Hited to exist in the 4th, 5th and (ith ranges uf Grenville at so curly a period of its settlement. Several other by-roads comnumicatc with the in- terior settlements and are more ur less of the same description. The best si'ttlenients arc in the east section, most of which is gnuited under letters patent. — This t. ap|M:ars to Ix; jiurticulurly luluptid to the breeding uf cattle of all kinds, fur ull that have been introduced have thrived amaiingly. The extent of land under cultivation is U'O arres and UK) of pasture. The average proiliiie jior acre is, wheat 10 bushelt, Indian cum 15, and I' I I r m I I < I I tl V <\ ORE Oats 20. Wages vary from 8 to 10 dollan a month.— The village contains 60 inhabitants and is biiilt in No. 7 of the 2nd range, and in 1788 one squat'e mile was set aside for the purpose, and 400 acres allotted to the church and other public insti- tutions. In 1821 the s. half of lot 7 was surveyed and laid out in streets and in two-acre lots of 4 chains in breadth by 5 in depth. Not more than 6 or 8 houses have been erected, and these with- out the least regard to regularity. Locations are made to those who are desirous of settling here, and will contract to clear their lot and buUd a house within one year from the date of their location ticket. In the village is one school at- tended by 40 scholars. — The Military Establish- ment cliiefly consists of the staff corps. The dwell- ings of some of the soldiers and labourers are scat- tered on each side of the Grenville Canal, and others live in tents. The houses of the officers are new, neat and comfortable. This important canal has been chiefly cut, blasted and excavated through solid rock : it is nearly completed, and tl i work is solid and durable. (For farther particulars of this canal see " Canals" and vol. i. page 1.55.) — The principal landholders in this t. are Archi- bald M'Millan, Esq., the heirs of the late Col. Taylor, Major Ritter, and Capt. John M'Oil- livray, besides several others who hold grants to an inferior extent. Air. M'Millan obtained in 1808, for himself and others, 1230 acres under letters patent and subsequently a grant of lot No. 8, in the 2nd range, which it is to be regretted was not reserved for the use and disposal of the Crown on account of its contiguity to the village. — Ungranted and unlocated, in the t. 10,200 aires, in the aug. 10,130. Population ScnooU VillHgl'B ('orii-nulU 1,87J I Statistics. SHU'-miUa I'ottcriefi . I'otHslieries . Medical men Notaries Sliopkeepers Taverns Artisans 1 3 3 3U Annual Agricultural Produce, Whoat Oats Homes Uxen DilKltell. "J,«)7 nuihtii. IJariey IM Potatoes ]5,UU0 Buaheli. Peas . lOU Indian com 2,UU0 Live Slock. 59 I ( 'own (U I !)liepp am I Swine 373 Orby Pink, river, runs into the Grande De- charge that connects the Sag. r. with L. St. John. O R O It is 1^ chain wide and in places very rapid; the banks are low and the soil on each side sandy but very level. It appears to run nearly parallel to the river Terres-Rompues. At 3{ m. from its mouth there is a fine little cove on the left, and, a few chains higher up, another on the right. One mile from this is a portage, 2 miles long, that runs towards the n. b., leading to lake Patisphcasmetche, which is altogether irregular, and round which are first seen small and very low rocks, extend- ing but a small distance from the banks. Having passed these, the land becomes level and sandy. Griffin's Cove, in the co. of Oaspt', lies n. of Gasp^ Bay, between Great Fox river and Cap Rosier. Statistics. Population . 63 | Keel-boats . 4 Annual AgricuUurul Produce. Potatoes . . 300 bush. Live Stock. Horses Oxen 1 17 Cows Sheep 21 I Swine 5| Grondines, les, seigniory, in the co. of Port- neuf, is bounded s. w. by the 8. of Ste. Anne and its augmentation; n. e. by La Tesserie; in the rear by the projected t. of Alton and waste lands of the crown; in front by the St. Law- rence. — Granted in three parts, viz. the w. part, one league in front by ten in depth, 20th Mar., 1638, to the Duchess d'Aiguillon for Les Dames Hospitalieres of the Hotel Dieu of Quebec ; the K. part, { 1. in front by .3 1. in depth, 3rd Nov., 1672, to the poor of that hospital; the aug. to the B. part, 2 1. in depth by ^ 1. in front, 2oth Apr., 171 1> to Louis Hamelin: the whole is now the property of Mr. Charret.— Through- out the greater part of these grants the soil is in- different ; a thin layer of poor earth upon a solid bed of stone : here and there a few patches of better quality may Ix: found, and all the known lands on the Grondines' side of the rapid of the r. Ste. Anne urp of good quality. — Five conces- sions have been conceded and part of another ; the first 4 are cultivated and the first 3 settled. — A small ridge extends across the S. near the front, between which and the St. Lawrence there is very good meadow land. — The timber is of inferior qua- lity. — The principal settlements lie on the main road just beneath the ridge and on the r. Ste. 6 RO Anne. The soil and timber in general are barely above mediocrity, yet there are some well cul- tivated farms, owing to the industry of the oc- cupiers rather than to the fertility of the soil. Somewhat more than a fourth part is under cul- ture. — This S. is very well watered by the Ste. Anne, the Blanche, and the Batiscan which tra- verses its N. extremity, also by u small river in the front that falls into the St. Lawrence ; the last turns a com and a saw-mill. — This S. has a church and a parsonage-house, but the service is performed by the cure of a neighbouring parish. — The main road crosses the S. near its front : a road ascends the Ste. Anne on each side and another leads to the back concessions. In the St. Lawrence the extensive shoal, called Les Battures des Gron- dines, stretches along the front. There are two small iiefs in this S. called Francheville, which, by default of inheritance, have reverted to the crown. TUle.—Partle Ouett " Concssion du 20me Mars, 1038, faite par la Compagnie, a Dunie Dnchmc tVAguil- lon, pour les Dames Hospitalii'res de I'Hotel-Uieu de Qitibec, de la Seigneurie des Gromlinet, coiitenant unv lieue de terre en lap^eur sur It- grand fleuve St. Laurent, ■urdix lieues deprofoirdeur; savoir: est, dopuis In pointe de I'ance des GroudiHey, du cut^ du Nord-Est, un quurt de lieue audessous de la dite pointe, en tirant vers le Cap de Luuzon, bornr par une route qui court Sud-Est et Nord-Ouest ou environ; et d'autre cut^ au Sud- Guest trois quarts de lieue, bomr aussi par une route (|ui court Sud-Est et Kord-Ouest, d'un Imut au Nord-Otii-iit par une route qui court Sud-Ouest et Nord-Est."— W^'iifrr iet Foi et Ilommagc, Jblio 47. Aussi Reg. d'lntctidance, et CaMeri d'lnlmdancc, Partie Eit.—" Concession du 3me Novcmbre, 1673, faite jMiJetm Talon, Intendant, aux Pauvres dcl'Hopital, de trois quarts de lieues dc terre sur trois lieues de pro- Ibndeur, k prendre sur le fleuve St. Laurent, au lieu dit les Grondinei, tenant d'un c(Ai a lu Conression appar> tenante aux religieuses du dit Hopital, de I'autre aux tor- res non-conc^dies ; tirant eu detteendant le rieuve \ers Chavigni/.'^K^gitlre dtlnlrndanee, A'o. \, folio 34>. Augmentation. — A la Partie Ett — " Conecssion du 25me Avril, 1711, faite par Baudot, Gouverneur, et PauJreuil, Intendant, h Louit Hamtlin, de la continuation de deux lieues de profondeur sur le front de trois quarts de lieue non-concM^, iVmt au bout des trois quarts de lieue de front sur la profondeur de trois lieues, en quoi consiste r^tendue de la dite Seigneurie des Grondiiirs ; born/- d'un cAt* aux terres du Sieur de lu Vhcvrotiirf et d'un ciite a celles du dit Sieur Luiti* Hamctiti." — Mgiitrc rfci Foi rt JHommagt, folio i7. Orobboir or Machiche, seijniiory. in the co. of St. Maurice, on the n. side of Luke St. Peter, is bounded n. k. by Pointe du Lac and Oatinenu ; 8. w. by Rivit're du Loup and Orandprc and in the rear by Oumonticr. — 1\ 1. in front by 2 1. in depth. Granted Nov. .% \i\'2, to Sieur Boucher and is now the property of the Hon. Louis Gugy, Mr. Johnstone and Mr. Dumoulin.— Thiit S. is G P O rather low towards the front, but retiring from the lake there are some few rising grounds. The soil and timber are very similar to those of lUvicre du Loup and Grandpre. — Watered by the r. du Loup and the great and little rivers Machiche, over which, where they are intersected by the main roads, are bridges substantially built of tim- ber and possessing a light and plea.sing appear- ance. About ^ths of the S. are conceded and the settlements, in front and on the banks of the ri- vers, are very flourishing ; the houses and farm buildings, well constructed, prove their proprietors to be very industrious and in cosy circumstances. On the east side of the main or Quclicr road, that here resumes its course close to the r. St. Lawrence, are the church and presbytery of Ma- chiche with a cluster of houses, forming a small neat village. — The interior is traversed by many roads leading to the seigniories in the rear, as well as to those on each side.— On the different streams are some good com and saw-mills. The Parish of Ste. Anne de Yamacfiichv com- prehends Gatincau, Pointe du Lac and tlie front part of Grosbois or Alachiche. Sonic lunds in the P. are still unconceded, and, although not of a rich quality, they are susceptible of cultiva- tion. About one-third of the conces-sions in thi.s p. were granted before 1759 and gcntruUy mea- sured 3 ari)ent8 by 40 and were let at low rents, via. 2 or 3 capons and a crown in money. — All the young persons ore desirous of settling either at home or abroad, but would universally prefer settling near their relations, particularly as it would be the least expensive. — Here arc two schools, one for boys and the other for girls, both supported by the parish ; the numl^r of scholars is 28 boys and 30 girls, who are instructed in English and French. — The p. contains 2 villages, one near the church on the B. Petite Machiche, the other on the Grande Machiche ; each con- tains about 30 houses. — The church is 120 ft. by 4(*, besides which there is a chapel. — There are 3 corn-mills ; 2 of them on the Grande Machiche, which arc built of stone and are 2 stories liigli, the other is on the n. du Loup.- O:io-fuurth of the grain grown in the parish, in gooti seasons, is sohl in meal or flour and much provision is sent to the Quebec market. The PnrM o/St. Leon comprehends the rear part of Grostmis and Maciiichc and tlie whole of Dumontier and Grandpre. In this p. are (i coui E'l I .1; ;' ' t r I i I O U E cesrioni and 400 fanns ; the 2nd concession w. of the R. du Loup is the most inhabited. This p. is watered by the Ruisseau Chakouna and by the R. du Loup, which is very rapid and in general na- vigable for bateaux. A little village surrounds the church ; the houses are built with wood and the church is 120 ft. by 52. There are several saw-mills, one on the r. du Loup, 2 on the Cha- couna and 2 in the ravines, — In this p. are some non-conceded lands susceptible of cultivation, in different places, amounting altogether to 1 league. our including lands kept for the purpose of wood only. Over these lands there is no road, but the grantees form roads as they are wanted.— The non-con- ceded lands are not surveyed, and no concessions were made, within the precise limits of this p., before 17^9. — The number of persons desirous and able to make new settlements would be con- siderable if they could procure farms in the non- conceded lands, which would supply 60 farms of a tolerable quality. Statistics of the Parishes of Ste. Anne de Yamachiche and St. Leon. Parislie*. Ste. Anne de > Yamachiche } St. Leon . . .M76j 1 1792' 1 3 1 1 t 8 I 10 25 Parish™. AniuiRl AdrifiiUural Proiiiice, in bu«hell. Live stiiek. | 1 * 1 >. £. i X 1 1 s 1 1 < 1 Ste. Anne dc ) Vamachiche ^ St. Leon . . 19800 l(MOO 23400 32jO 7800 2C0 27080 155(N) 3380 1300 180 50 1300 130 900 U2 850 275 2000 825 4500 2200 1260 550 Title.—" ConcesBion du 3me Novembre, 1672, faite par Jean Talon, Intendant, au Sieuri'rofoiideur, \ |)rendre, savoir, trois quarts de lieue au des. SUB dc la riviOre & Murcht (Machichej et autant audessous de la dite riviere." — Uiglsire d'/iileHdance, No. I, folio 39. Orgs Ruissbau, a rivulet, in the S. of Murray Bay, rises in the concession St. Jean, and running 8., dividing concession Joyeuse from the 2nd con- cession of Terrebonne, it divides the 1st concession of Terrebonne into two nearly equal parts, and then falls into the St. Iiawrence. Orossrs Rochks, des, is a rivulet that runs from the N. e. and joins the Saguenay near Bay St. Etienne ; about 14 m. from the St. Law- rence. OuEHRK, a la, river, iti the township of God- manchester, rises about the middle of the 2nd range, and running n. w. falls into Lake St. Francis. At the upiier forks of this r. is built the V. of Godmanchcstcr. The navigation of this R. and its brunches is of material advantage to the inhubitiiiits of that township. This r. is navi- gable fni canoes fur some little distance above the Forks; but at there is a sand bank or bar at its mouth, with only 18 inches of water, it is there navigable only for flat-bottomed boats. About 30 chains from its mouth are two small farm-houses on the E. bank, opposite to which is a chantier. The depth of the water from the lake to the iirst forks varies from 5 to 8 ft. and thence to the second forks from 3 to 4 ft. GuiLLAUDiERB, fief, in the co, of Vercheres, fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded n. e. by St. Blain ; s. w, by Cap St. Michel and in the rear by the aug. to Beloeil — 30 arpents in front by a league in depth. — Granted, Nov. 3, 1672, to Lau- rent Bomey, Sieur dc Grandmuison, and now be- longs to -^— Hertel, Esq. Title.—" Concefision du 3me Novembre, 1672, f'uite par Jean Talon, Intendant, i. Laurent Bornnj Sieur de Grand- maiton, de trrntc urpenH de front sur une lieue de pro- fondeur, k prendre sur le fleuve St. Laurent, depuia let; terres du Sieur de St. Michel, en deBcciidant vers Ivb terres non.concrd^e8."^/It!^frs Has! v. Saoue- NAY, R. Ha Ha, seigniory, in the co. of Rimouski, is between Trois Pistolles and Bic. It is but thinly settled. Hail Bay, in Commissioners Lake, b. \v. of Lake St. John. Haloiuand, a town in Gasp^ Bay, situated on a tongue of land formed by the estuaries of St. John's River and the e. w. arm of Gasp6 Bay. — This town was named after General Haldimand, who, about the year 1785, was Governor of Ca- nada, which at that time was called the Province of Quebec Halifax, township, in the co. of Megantic, between Chester and Inverness, bounded N. w. by Arthaboska and Somerset, and 8. k. by Wolfcs- town and Ireland.— The soil is generally excellent and would yield abundantly under almost any system of agriculture, and in many places would produce hemp and flax : in the n. e. part, which is low, are a few swamps, which might be easily re- claimed by ditching; in the opposite direction the land is uneven and rises as it inclines towards the 8,— The timber is similar to that of Wolfcstown and Ham. — Watered by some small rivers and streams and the picturesque little Lake Pitt. The s. e. half has been laid out and granted, but none uf it HAM if cultivated : Craig^s Road passing through a part of it may be, perhaps, the means of attracting some settlers. The principal landholders are the heirs of the late Joseph Frobisher, Esq. and Mrs. Scott and family. — Ungranted and unlocated 7900 acres. Statiitkg. Population . 15 , Annual Agricultural Produce, Wheat Oats Biuhelt. 50 A5 Barlejr PoUtoes Buihclfc 15 . 3S0 Live Slock. Hones Oxen . 1 Cows 5 Sheep . 9 Swine . 8 21 Hall'8 Stream rises in the t. of Auckland ; running s. through the n. w. part of Drayton it enters Hereford at the 6th range, and continuing in the s. k. quarter of that t. joins the r. Con- necticut on the boundary line. On this stream are good sites for mills ; but as its course is o)>- structed by falls it is of no other navigable advan- tage than for the transport of logs to the mills. Its middle branch waters the N. R. quarter of Hereford and its n. w. branch circulates about the centre of that t. Ham, township, in the co. of Drucimond, be- tween Wotton and Wolfestown, joins Tingwick and Chester n. w. and Weedon s. e. One half has been granted among several individuals. The land might be brought into cultivation with great advantage, and would produce wheat or other grain, and many parts are dt for flax and hemp. The surface is diversified by many large swells of inconsiderable elevation, covered with wood and some few places in the valleys ore rather swampy. — The timber is maple, beech, basswood, birch, hemlock and cedar. — Watered by part of the river Nicolet, which here has its source in the beautiful lake of the same name, near which the road com- municating with Craig's Road is designed to pass. — Ungranted and unloratcd 18,500 acres. Hamkl Lake, called by the Indians Assini- gaashtets, " a rock that is there," is the largest Inke on the r. Postagoutsic, which runs from Lake Kenwangomi b. e. of Lake St. John. Hamilton, township, in the co. of Bonavcn- ture, lies between Cox and Richmond, and is bounded in front hv Chulcurs Bay and in the rear q2 1*1 (; 1 . ifpBfai '1 \m < I I I: I I'll ^' 1 li H A R by waste lands — The Village of Bonaventure is pleasantly situated on the w. side of the harbour of the same name. The land on each side of the town is level and good and produces great quantities of grass for cattle. The soil is a fine gray earth on a clayey sub-stratum, which appears fit for the cultivation of hemp and flax ; but the season is supposed to be too short for the growth of grain, the frost generally commencing in the beginning of September and continuing to the middle or end of May. This village or town is advantageously placed for the cod-fishery, and is susceptible of great improvement. The bank on which the fish are generally cured is very extensive and is divided into 95 lots, each extending 40 ft. in front and 120 ft. in depth, sufiicient space for curing the fish taken by one shulloup. A vacancy of 10 ft. is left between the lots for the purpose of piling up the fish when cured; and 100 ft. is appropriated, at the point of each beach, fur a public landing-place. In the roadstead there is good anchorage for shipping, and the common tides rise from 7 to 8 ft. The town lot consists of 60 acres ; and 1040 ft. of ground divided into 36 lots, each 240 ft. square, to be subdivided into 8 divisions, each 60 ft. in front by 120 in depth, with 200 acres adjoining for the benefit of the town. This v. is only a small place, contitin- ing about 25 houses and a church : its whole de- pendence is in the fishery. Hampden, a projected township in the co. of Sherbrooke, is an irregular tract of land lying between Marston, Ditton, Lingwick, Stratford, and Onyhurst. Hare Island lies nearly in the middle of the St. Lawrence, and fronts the S. of Riviere du Loup and that of Terrebois : it is nearly 8 m. in length by an average breadth of about half a mile. It is low and flat, extending in a direction nearly parallel to the shores of the St. Lawrence. The soil is good, but wholly uncultivated. At each extremity are long and dangerous shoals stretch- ing from it. On the s. k. side lie the three small islands called the Brandy Pots : on the w. side is placed the telegraph No. 13, the lust in the chain from Quebec. Harrinoton, a projected township in the co. of Two Alountaius, lies between Wentworth ond Pnnsonby and is bounded in front by Grcnville. Its B, w. angle is watered by the R. Rouge. HAT Hastings, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, fronting Lake des Allumets and lying w. of th T. of Esher. Hatley, township, in the co. of Stanstead, is bounded s. by the t. of Stanstead ; n. by Ascot ; B. by Compton ; w. by the Lake Memphramagog, a branch of the river St. Francis, and Lake Sca- swaninepus. The surface is irregular, in some places hilly, and the quality of the land very variable. The soil B. and n. e. is good and most kinds of grain might be grown ; and w. it is rather superior ; the middle very indifferent, rugged and swampy. On the best lands beech, elm, maple and ash grow in abundance ; in the swamps spruce fir, cedar and alder. Towards Ascot and Compton are some extensive settlements, where the houses and out-buildings are substantially constructed, the farms cultivated with industry and much ability and well stocked with cattle. On the border of Lake INIemphramngog is another range of im- proving settlements. — Watered by several lakes besides Lake Tomefobi, which is entirely in this 1'., and by some small rivers and streams, which as they wind through the cultivated lands turn corn and saw-mills. Many roads lead to the ad- jacent townships, and others communicate with main roads leading to the states of Vermont and New Hampshire. One of the most extensive landholders is Henry Cull, Esq., lieut.-col. of the militia ; a gentleman highly esteemed for his public spirit and the industry and good-will with which he encourages every species of improvement. The first settler in the t. was Capt. Eb. Hovey. The Parish of Charleston commences on the line between Stanstead and Hatley, and on the line between the 8th and 9th ranges of Hatley ; thence N. on the same line it crosses Lake Tome- fobi ; thence on the w. shore of the lake n. until it intersects the line between the 4th and 5th ranges; thence n. on the same line to the N. line of Hatley ; thence e. on the same line to the line between the 2nd and 3rd ranges of Compton, and 8. across that t. to the line between the 2nd and 3rd ranges in Barnston, and then w. to the w. line of that t., and then N. to its N. w. corner ; thence w. to the place of beginning. — In this parish stands the Village of Charleston, near the N. £. corner. It is very pleasantly situated on the main road leading from Sherbrooke to Stanstead Plain : it contains about 20 neat houses and 115 n 5th line line and and lew. ■ner; this the the stead 115 HEM inhabitants: it has a protestant episcopal church, a school-house, a breweiy and a distillery. The dte of the v. is in Not. 5 and 6 of the 1st and 2nd ranges. — Robt. Vincent, Esq. was the first inhabitant and settled here about 20 yean rince. —Ungranted and unlocated 12,641 acres. Stat'utics. Population 1,573 Churches . I Curates . i SchooU . 8 VUlages . 1 Corn-mills . 7 Carding-mills 3 Fulling-milU 2 Saw-mills . 1 1 Tanneries . 1 Hat-manufact. 1 Potteries . 2 Potasberies . 6 Pearlasheries 5 Distilleries . I Notaries . 1 Shopkeepers 3 Taverns . 2 Artisans . 17 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat . Oats Barley . Buihela. Buiheli. 18,0:J0 Potatoes 29,420 26,5iK) Peas . 4,063 3,865 Rye . Sai Buiheli. Buck wheat GO Indian corn 5,020 Live Stock. Horses . Oxen 760 914 Cows . 1,598 Sheep . 3,169 1 Swine . 830 Hautkville (V.), V. Kamouraska, S. Hayottk (V.), V. Champlain, S. Hblbnstown, v. Beauuarnoib, S. Hbmibon, river and lake : the r. rises in the T. of Buckland and partly in the lake ; taking a 8. w. course, it enters the t. of Frampton and joins the r. Etchemin a little below Papa Isle. Hbmuinoford, township, in the co. of Beau- harnois, is on the boundary line between the pro- vince and the United States, having n. w. the S. of Beuuharnois and N. e. that of La CoUe. This township has been laid out for close settlements, that is, to be granted by single lots to persons, upon condition of immediately taking possession and beginning to improve them ; a large portion of the T. is settled and some of the farms are in a thriving state. There are five complete ranges of 200 acre lots, and the remainder of the t. is divided in a similar manner to Ilinchinbrook ; but a proportion of these reservations has been let under lease. Although the surface is very un- even and several high ridges rise in various di- rections, with many large seams of ilat rock a little below the surface, there are many tracts of superior quality fit for the growth of grain, hemp and flax. On the n. b. and N. w. sides are some swamps covered with cedar, spruce fir, tamarack, &c. On the high lands the timber is beech, maple, elm, birch, &c. : along the 2nd range are some oak and pine of large dimensions and good qua- H E M lity. — This t. is well watered by the B. Montreal dooending to the Richelieu, and by many small streanu that descend from the heights tu the Cha> teauguay— There are many roads, but most of them very indifferent, and practicable only in winter when rendered firm and solid by the frost. —There is only one com and saw-mill in this t. buUt in the 6th range. — The population consists of 150 families, of whom 70 are from Ireland, 24 from the United States, 19 from England, 11 from Scotland, 10 American loyalists and 3 from Germany. Of the population 345 souls arc on the crown reserve without any title. — This t. consists of 58,600 acres ; about 6067 acres are under improvement, of which 4242 are among the granted lands, 1320 on the crown reserves and 505 on the land located by the agent.— Hemtning- ford Mountain or Covey's Hill has about the same perpendicular elevation as the Rouville cone and commands an extensive horizon. This mountain, from its conspicuous height, is worthy of notice. It occupies a space of about 3^ miles in length by 2 in breadth and rises by gradations, almost about 1,100 feet from the level of the St. Lawrence. The ascent on the N. side, though rather abrupt, is notwithstanding easy of access, but on the b. it is more gradual ; on the s. side it rises out of a low swamp in the vicinity of 2 small lakes, and rises nearly 200 feet in a perpendicular cliff. From the top of this mountain can clearly be di- stinguished the mountains of Montreal, Pinacle, Mansfield and Camel's Rump, and a most com- manding view of the surrounding country. Population . 980 Churches, R. C. I Corn-mills . 1 Carding-mills 1 StatisticB. Fulling-milU Saw-milU Potasheries . Pearlasheries Distilleries Shopkeepers Taverns . Artisans I I lU Annual Agricultural Produce, Wheat Oats Barley Buihclt. . 7,(H)0 . 6,000 . 100 Diuheli. PoUtoes 3;i,000 Peas . 4,000 Duihclf. Buckwheat 1,000 Indian com 3,000 Comparative Statement of Increaie. 18V!0 1825 1829 ■i "ss Si ^1 U §5 If A 1 u. Live StiH'k. 1 1 s' i i » 6(167 2550 ^i91 358 616 P80 171 331 187 285 07 273 588 1372 426 I.-JOI) ■m .198 wn ' ■' f. li HER Hkiwinoway Brook joins the r. Connecticut near the most a. point of the t. of Drajton on the boundary line. HrNRTVILLR (V.)> V' NOYAN, S. Hbrbford, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, ia bounded n. by Clifton and Auckland ; w> by Barford ; B. by Drayton and s. by the boundary line. The greater part may be called tolerably good land and generally applicable to any kind of agriculture : the surface is uneven and, approach- ing the river Connecticut, rather mountainous. — The 8. part of the t. is partially settled, 1600 acres being under cultivation : most of the settlers are on the banks of Hall Stream and Leech Stream and the lands between them. — There is only one reserve under lease; it is in No. 7 of the 7th range and belongs to the clergy. — The timber is various and in general good, consisting of maple, beech and birch, mixed with spruce fir and a small proportion of pine and poplar. — In the year 1800 the southern half was granted to James Rankin and others; but a very small progress has been made towards its settlement: a few farms, however, are in a tolerably good condition. — This T. is well watered by several branches of the Connecticut, aided by many small streams de- scending from the high lands. The branches of the Connecticut are called Hall's Stream on which 16 families are settled, and Leech Stream on which 10 families reside, and on both streams are good sites for mills ; it is also watered by Leech's Pond and other small lakes, in which are trout, suc- cors, chub, perch, eels, &c. — There are 4 bridges, two king's highways and 2 or 3 cross-roads : one of the highways extends from line 45 to Eaton through Clifton, the other from line 45 through Barford to Compton. — The Hereford Mountain is in the 5th and 6th ranges and in the N. w. part of the T. — The land under crop averages 180 acres and about 500 acres are annually mowed. Flax of excellent quality is produced, and hemp grows luxuriantly but is liable to the effects of early frosts; wheat is the staple commodity and its produce from new land is from 15 to 20 bushels per acre and other grain in proportion. The an- nual consumption of wheat is about 7^0 bushels and that of other grain 1000 bushels. — This t. is well adapted for grazing and rearing neat stock, horses and sheep, and also for dairy farms. Some of the settlers keep 30 head of neat cattle, besides horses and sheep. Agricultural labour is high; H I N from 1 to 1^ dollar a day without board, with board from 10 to 12 dollars a month, or |ths of a dollar per day in summer and 6 to 8 dollars in winter, or S». 6d. a day.— During hajrmaking wages are 3«. 4(/. a day, at other times from 8 to 12 dollars a month. Mechanics are paid one dollar a day. — The articles of trade or rather traffic con- sist in beef, cattle, butter, cheese, pork, pearlash and grain. — In this t. are two private schools: in each from 12 to 15 scholars are instructed. — Ungranted and utdocated, 16,200 acres. Statwtki. Population . . 160 Corn-mills . . 1 Peailasberies . 1 Saw-mills . . 8 .,.,'. , Annual Agricultural Produce. Buheli. Buihelt. Wheat . 1,500 Potatoes 8,810 Oats . 1,:280 Peaa . 210 Barley . 800 Buiheli. Rye , 4d Indian com 580 Live Stock. Horses . 64 Cows . 1*) Oxen . 70 Sheep . 300 ^mne . 128 Hertel, fief, fronts the St. Lawrence and lies N. K. of Champlain and s. w. of Batiscan. It has one corn-mill on the r. Champlain, which waters it through its whole extent. It belongs to les Chartiers. Hertbl, rivulet, in the S. of Champlain, turns one flour-mill. HiNCHiNBROoK, township, in the co. of Beau- hamoii), is bounded a. by the boundary line ; N. b. by Beauhamois and is separated from Oodman* Chester by the R. Chateauguay. This t. contains 38,000 acres, of which 18,850 have been granted by letters patent: from 11 to 12,(X)0 acres were granted to non-resident persons in 1821, many of whom were then residing in the United States ; soon after these lands were granted some of the grantees died, and some left the country and were never afterwards heard of: on this tract are some few families without titles to the lands they o6i cupy. This t. is divided into 8 mnges and every range into lots of 200 acres each. From the pro- vince line N. are three full ranges, but the re- mainder is more irregularly divided and is appro- priated to crown and clergy reservations, in large portions or blocks as itiey are technically termed. The surface is somewhat uneven but the soil, although rather light and in many places stony, is ii' 1 ' i J H I N good, excepting only ■ rety few nrampy tracti which ore covered with cedar, spruce fir and hem- lock trees. The large knolls, or rising grounds, are thickly clothed with good timber. Towards the Chateauguay, in some places, the surface subsides into valleys and gentle slopes, where there are large breadths of fine meadows well watered by several branches of that R. The settlers are ge- nerally near the river's side and in eligible situ- ations along the frontier, in which direction there are several roads passing into the state of New York. The roads are in many parts bad, but are nevertheless frequented by loaded wag- gons. An immense stock of fine timber still re- mains in this township, although, fur years past, vast quantities have been cut and rafted down the Chateauguay to Montreal and Quebec. — In this T. are 225 families, of which 79 are from Scotland, 78 from IreLind, 22 from the United States, 15 from England, 12 American loyalists and 5 from Germany ; making an aggregate population of 1214 ■ souls. 5549 acres are claimed under orders in council, of which 2595 are under improvement. 16,t325 acres are settled upon under the authority of the agent, of which 3044 are under improve- ment. — The Village of Hinchinbrook, called Hunt- ingdon, is built on each side of the b. Chateau- guay i the portion in Oodmanchester on govern- ment ground and the other side on the property of Wm. Bowron, Esq. acquired by purchase. The village is laid out in 3 rows on lots 1 and 2 in the front range of this t. in extensive village plots of ftt>m 10 to 20 acres each, which have been mostly located ; and those in the 1st and 2nd ranges, bor- dering on the river, are nearly all settled upon or occupied. The village lots Nos. 4 and 5, in the front of the front range, are reserved for public purposes, where the inhabitants are about to erect a schoolhouse. The village of Huntingdon, lying partly in Hinchinbrook and partly in Oodman- chester, is connected by a strong bridge across the river Chateauguay, made of timber and stone, 240 feet in length, which cost the inhabitants £250. This village is inhabited by Irish emi- grants and contains a population of 125 souls ; and although the number is not so great as it was some time ago, yet the present residents appear to succeed in their diiferent occupations and are likely to become permanent settlers : they are composed of small farmers, mechanics, traders, Stc— 'Vacant lands, 19,160 acres. . . .^ . . li ) R Stututia, Population 1,814 1 Carding-miUs 1 1 Village* • I Fulling-mills I I Corn-mills . 8 1 Saw-mills . 7 ' <4ienes uMns . Wheat Oau Bariey Amtual Agriemltural Pndw BiuImIi. Butheli. . 6,885 PoUtoes 30,000 , 5,360 Peas . 8,000 3,000 Kye . 1,050 ■uihtlt. Buck wheat HOU Indian corn 8,UJ0 Comparative Stalement unded E. by Terapleton ; n. by Wakefield ; w. by Eard- ley and s. by the river Ottawa. It contains 82,429 acres, and was surveyed and subdivided in 1801 under a warrant of survey issued in favour of Philemon Wright, Esq., two of his sons and seven associates, who obtained a grant of 12,000 acres under letters patent in 1806. The order of coun- cil was granted Mar. 22, 1800. The grant to Mr. Wright, &c. embraced the whole front of the township and comprehends the ranges 1, 2, 3 and parts of 4, 5, 6, with 2 lots in the 7th range, through which the r. Oatineau runs. The as- sociates in this grant reconveyed, as was the prac- tice at that time, the greater part of the lands to their leader, as an indemnification for expenses in- curred in the survey and for patent fees on the grant, by which means Mr. Wright became the principal and almost sole proprietor of the lands thus granted, upon which it appears he and his sons have made improvements to the considerable extent of 4703 acres in culture, 24 houses, &c. — This T. extends 16 ranges in depth ; each range being subdivided into 28 lots of 26 chains in breadth, by 80 chains 80 links in depth. Such are the authoriied dimensions of the lota of land in river townships throughout the province, ex« cepting, of course, the lots broken and indented by the sinuosities of the river or lake upon which they front, as in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranges of this T. — Hull is 120 miles from Montreal and is in ihc centre of a fertile country, possessing every agricultural advantage in soil and climate. The general features of Hull are mountainous : a range of hills, named by the Indians Perguatina, runs through the middle from r. to w. ; the highest part is not supposed to exceed 900 ft. above the level of the Ottawa : on each side of this range and occasionally upon it are tracts of excellent land and the swamps are comparatively few and of small extent. The front of the t. is, generally, a plane undulated by gradual swells as far back as the highlands in the 6th range, which traverse the T. in a curvilinear direftiun almost parallel with the Ottawa. Beyond these the surface rises into more frequent and abrupt slopes, though by no means unfit for tillage, and becomes a rich pasturing and grazing country, much prized as such by the inhabitants. The soil in the level parts and in the intervals frequent in the hilly sections is excellent, and, when under proper cul- tivation, produces in abundance wheat, rye, bar- ley, oats, potatoes, &c. In the immediate vi- cinity of the Chaudiere or Columbia Falls the soil is poorer, being very rocky and sandy; but at a little distance this inferiority disappears and the soil becomes a strong loam. — This t. is tra- versed by several roads ; the principal begins at the steam-boat landing, passes through Wright's Village and running along the front strikes the Chaudiere Lake between the 2nd and 3rd ranges ; thence it follows the margin of the lake and en- ters Eardley : this road is very good and on it is the greater portion of the most flourishing settle- ments of Hull. This road is called Britannia Road and extends 7 m. Being the first road made in this T., the mode of forming it may be inte- resting 08 well as useful ; Mr. W. first marked it out as far as the lake, then ploughed it on each side and threw the earth to the centre to form it oval; he then levelled the hills and laid the stuff from the top into low places, built bridges and paved the road, where necessary, with broken stones; he also built stores at each end for the deposit of different kinds of goods for the ac- commodation of the upper country.— From Co- ; i form the dges roken the le ac- \ Co- H U L L. lumbia Fann two mods branch oflT in different directions. One, passing along the edge of Co- lumbia Pond, leads to the Oatineau Farm, re- markable as being the spot selected by Mr. Ph. M'right in 1001 for his first and original habita- tion, and as such is not divested of interest, being, as it were, the parent of the actual flourish- ing settlement of Hull. The other road dircct- im: its course w. winds suddenly at lot No. 8, •ii.i rejoins the main front road; meanwhile the Columbia Road continues towards the n. until it meets the River Oatineau in the 7th rang^, where Mr. Christopher Wright's new farm is situated. A road from Chaudirre Lake, cutting at right angles the Britannia Road, leads into the back settlements, where, of course, no good roads can at present be expected : on this road few settlements are to be seen beyond the 4th and 5th ranges, frpm which to the 3rd range the farms progressively increase and towards the Chaudirrc Lake the road passes apparently through an old-settled country. The road communication from Hull to Montreal is bad and in 1821 was impracticable for any horse or team. A road, 16 ft. wide, has been cut by the government commissioners, over 04 miles, to the head of Long Sault and 71 bridges built. There are 4 places where either ferries must be established or large bridges built and the ravines or gullies filled up to enable teams to pass. The remaining 60 miles to Montreal are passable. Mr. Ruggles Wright, the postmaster of this t., in his evidence as to this road, said, that the inhabitants and tra- vellers of every description have suffered great in- convenience for the want of a road, that there have been several mails lost and horses drowned by attempting to transport the mail on the ice early in the fall and late in the spring (there being no land road), and that not a year has passed for the last twenty-five years buck that accidents have not occurred either in the loss of property or men's lives, as there arc about four weeks at these seasons of the year, between the opening and closing of the boat navigation, when the river is not pass- able, owing to the ice at the Chaudiere breaking up 15 days earlier than it does 60 miles below, and that this is the only possible communication they have to and from a market. Mr. Wright has, with some assistance, opened all the roads to make it possible for his people to pass and repass. One stone causeway, in particular, cost him above £ 1000. The total sum expended by htm and some of his neighbours upon these roads, during the 20 years after he first obtained the property, amounted to £2211 17«. Qd. Iwsides .t055 expended by the government commissioners making a total of cC31 acres under cultivation ; his son, Mr. T. Wright, bus two establishments in the 7th and Rth ranges on the k. bank of the Oatineau ; his lands are advantageously situated and in a high state of culture, aflbrding excellent pasture. — The Volumhiii Farm is situated in the 4(h range, alMiut 1 j mile from the Ottawa and w. of Mr. Wright's house. The extent, position, and culture of this farm deserve to be particularly commended. The convenient and judicious sulxlivision and economy exhibited in the management of this farm arc truly meritorioui, and reflect great credit upon the enterprise and judgment of the pniprietor. All kinds of grain are produced in abundance and hemp and flax may be cultivated with great suc- cess. Mr. Wright one year raised a vi^ry con- siderable quantity of hemp and sent a very fine sjiecimen, measuring 14ft. in length, to the Ilemp Committee of Montreal ; he also tent two samples of the se '' with two bundles of the hemp to the Society of Arts at Quebec, and was compli- mented in nitum with a silver medal ; from a certificate which he received from the Hemp Com- mittee it appeared that he raised, that year, 11 parts out of 13 of the total raised in the pro- vince. Although this is a very fine country for the growth of hemp, Mr. Wright was obliged to discontinue growing it on a large scale on account of the expense of preparing it for market, the hemp-peelers charging him one dollar per day, or one bushel of wheat, labourers being very scarce : he saved nearly 100 bushels of seed, which he sold in Montrerd at a fair price, and was obliged to send the hemp to Halifax in Nova Scotia for sale. He now grows only ivaoll quantities for his own use. — The expense and process of clearing and fencing an acre of wild land, its usual pro- duce, and the process of clearing, according to Mr. Wright's evidence before the Committee, are as follow : — The process of clearing consists in three things: cutting down the under brush at 7*. 6t/. per acre ; chopping down the wood in rows, two rods wide, at 25*. per acre ; firing, bunung, and branding fit for the harrow, at 27». 6(/. per acre, after which the work is done. The total ex^iensc of clearing is therefore £ .3 per acre, and the common price of putting in the crop is lOf. per acre. The poorer settlers find themselves oc- casionally wnstraincd to adopt a more imperfect mode of clearing: they first cut out the brush and small trees, leaving the larger trees standing, which shade the land so that they do not get more than half a crop. The produce per acre is from 2 to 400 bush, of potatoes, 25 bush, of oats or wheat, 30 bush, of Indian com, 200 bush, of turnips. — JMr. Wright's constant aim to improve the breeds of cattle has been attended with much success ; he brought over from England, many years past, at great exiiense, some of the best Herefordshire and Devon breeds, by way of ex- periment; these cattle crossed produced u breed justly celebrated, which also, crossed with the Ca- nadian breed, pnxluce excellent cattle. — Wright Village is pleasantly situated at the a. R. angle of the T. iKH-upying the front of lots No. 2, 3 and 4 in the 3rd range ; it contains a handsome church, 6i< ft. by ilR ft.' with a steeple 121 ft. high, it stands on an eminence facing the river, decorated with much taste and surmounted by a neat spire- Nearly in front of the church, close by the high- way, stands a stone house of two stories, where an hotel establishment is carried on, affording comfortable accommodations. Opposite to these. HULL. on the other side of the main road and on the bank of the river, are the corn and saw-mills, a black- smith's forge, stores, &c. and a spacious and con- spicuous stone edifice with a cupola, often mis- taken for a church from its singular construction. The miU-dani projecting out upon tlie reef of rocks, towards the rapid, is remarkable fur its ex- tent and solidity, w. of the mill are the long causeway and bridge, over which the public road is continued. On the first rise of tlie hill, w. of the bridge, is the handsome and comfortable ha- bitation of Philemon Wright, Esq. There is also a pust-oflice. As the present village is exclusively the property of Mr. Wright and his sons, conii)e- tition in trade is not so active as iKrhups the ge- neral interests of the t. rei^uire. It might there- fore be cxi)edicnt to establish a government vil- lage, open to emigrants settling there ; and lot 21, in the 2nd range, appears to be a verj' projiitiuus site for that puqxtse, on account of its contiguity to the Chaudii re Lake, an expansion of the Ot> tawa; lot 14 in the range also aflbrds an advan- tageous site fur a village, which might be built ut the junction of two roads, near wliiih there is a saw-mill and also a tolerably well-cultivated farm. Mr. Wright curries on the timber trade to great extent and bus u large manufactory of ]K)t and pearlushes. His tirst export of timber was to Mont- real, and, in l>t07, he arrived at Quebec with the first timber ever tent there frcnn tlie bunks of the Ottawa. The expense of conveying timber to Quebec being less than to Montreal is the reason why, in 1)123, above 30<> cominun cargoes were sent to Quebec and nut one to Montreal through the some channel : in a few years, without duubt, this (juantity of timber sent to the QueU-c market will be quadrupled, and the exports from this t. uf various other articles, such as tluur, beef, |K>rk, Sue, will be increasixl in the same ratio. — In this -r. are 3 schools attended by about lAO scholars, who are instructed in reading, writing and arithmetic ; they are 8up))orted by voluntary contributions and two of them are under the patronage of the Koyul Institution in Canada. The t. at present con- sists of one (Htrish, in which are a protestant epis- copal church and a methodist episcopal cliu))el, but there is no parsonage-house. — The |Mipulali(in is constantly and rapidly increasing and, with the exception of the rising generation, is almost en- tirely AmericHn. The inhabitants in 11121 were placed under the su|ierintendeiice of iMr. Wright, who has adopted various means to excite the in- dustry and secure the comfort and happiness of all classes of his little colony; and perhaps in no {Hirt of the province will be found more industry and a better understanding among the settlers, for they seem universally to enjoy a degree of case and comfort seldom to be met with in settlements of such recent date : every thing exhibits a degree of afSucnce and social prosiierity not reasonably to be expected in settlements formed within 'M) years ; — neat dwelling-houses, many uf them two stories high, extensive bams, &c., wcU-cultivatcd tields and enchisures, numerous cuttle grazing, lurge ilocks of sheep wandering over u grateful soil and cropping an abundant pasturage, — these objects, happily combining the pleasures and advantages of rural and pastoral lite, not only delight the oc- casional visiter, but are calculated to inspire the emulation and encourage the hopes uf many a de- sponding emigrant. The reader will not fail to ask, " From whom are all these benefits derived ? Whose jH;rsevcring talent and enterprising spirit first pierced the gloom of these forests luid con- verted a wilderness of trees into fields oriorn? Whose industrious hand first threw into tliis na- tural desert the seeds of plenty and prosperity ?"— Tlie answer is, JMr. Philemon Wright, iiii humble American from Wobum in the state of Mussucliu- sets: through hurdships,privatioiis and dangers that would huve appalled an ordinary mind, he pene- trated an almost inaccessible country, and where he found desolation and solitude he introduced civiii- Kutiuii und the useful arts ; by his almost unaided skill and indefatigable industry the savage paths of a dreary wilderness have liccn changed into the cheerful haunts uf man ; the gloomy upland forests have given way to smiling corn-fields; the wet und wild savannas, sinking under stunted spruce and cedar, have been cleared und drained into luxuriant meadows ; the |)erilous wutcrlull, whose hoiirse noise wiu) once the frightful voice of an uwful solitude, is rendered obedient to tlic laws of art, and now converts the majestic tenants of the forest into the habitations of man and grinds his food; tlie rivers und lakes, once fruitful in vuiii, now breed their living pniduce for the use of human beings, and, with deep und rapiil current, traiis]iort on their smiNith and glusny surface the fruits of his industry ; the deep recesses of the earth are made to expose their luincrul treasures, from the Lirtliday of time concealed. In fine, the judicious and persevering industry of imc sue- cetiful adventurer ho* converted all the rude ad> h2 H I Ifl HULL. I'll ml ji ii| 1)1 vantages of primeval nature into the germs of agricultural, manufacturing and commercial pros- perity. Mr. Wright, however, has been amply re- warded for his honourable exertions; his private fortune has been increased in proportion to the good he hag created, and the liberal conduct of the pro- vincial government towards him has been un- bounded: 9,145 acres have been granted to him and his family in Hull and Lochaber, under letters patent ; 7.000 acres in Hull have been reconveyed to him by his associates and not less than 5,000 acres in Templeton, making altogether 21,145 acres. The proceedings of Mr. Wright in form- ing the extensive and important settlements of Hull have been detailed by him, and are highly interesting and useful ; interesting as developing the successful exertions of an enterprising and indefatigable settler, and useful as being well adapted to guide and encourage others in forming settlements in a countiy as remote from civiliza- tion as from assistance. After having visited the o>iionsive tract which was destined to become the theatre of his exertions and the reward of his use- ful enterprise, he returned with his two companions to his native home, Wobum, in the state of Mas- sachuscts, having determined on the measures proper fur him to pursue. After hiring about 25 men and providng himself with mill-irons, axes, scythes, hoes and all other tools thought by him to be the most useful and necessary, together with a number of barrels of clear pork (pork freed from the bones), he commenced his journey with 14 horses, ti oxen, 7 sleighs and 5 families. This emigration took place on the 2nd of Feb. 1800. On the 10th of the same month Mr. Wright ar- rived at Montreal and then proceeded towards Hull, travelling generally among the old settle- ments only 15 m. a day for the first 3 days, be- cause the sleighs were wider than those used in that country and because it was necessary that the horses and oxen sliould go abreast. During these :i nights he stopped with the habitans, and arrived on the Ith day at the foot of the l.ung Sault, which was the extremity of the travelled roads in that part of Lower Canada. From this place he was still 80 miles from his plitce of destination ; and there not being any road und the snow deep, he was obliged to halt and alter the tennis so as to go singly, while a part of his men proceeded for- ward to cut a mad through the snow. After tliesc necessary prcpiurutions he pn)ceeiiiillH Mills for grind- ing bark Tanneries 1830. Win. 703 1000 1 1 3 I Lime-kilns i Luoiiis Urick-kilni) I I'otasherira I l'i'nrlaHlii.>ric's' Hrcwcries Distilleries Postiimiitvni Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans 1820. I82II. 1-^ l.'i •i •d I ■i 1 I. 6 Annual AgricHllHral Produce, in huihelt. % ■■ Wheat , Oats Barley . Potatoes Peas Beanii Hones Oxen . Cows . IH20. IIHU. 0,111 I0,IKI0 6,170 l(»,(»H0 , 1,100 47,.TO 2J,000 i,«m. 5,600 6^1 . IMU. UNH. Hye . aoi9 i,:m Indian rom H,tio 84,000 Map. sug. cwt*. . U3 Hay, tuns :i,237 Flax, lbs. 7H0 Li't Sloct. imn. iim. 4IN mm IMO. tan. Sheep . A* \,m Swine . Mi W.0 I N D HuMouiN, river, in the co. of Rimouski, runs into the 8. w. side of the R. Matai)ediac, about 3 m. below Lake Matapediac. HuNORY Bay, in Lake St. Francis, expands into the w. side of Catherine's Town in the S. of Beauharnois. A canal is projected to extend from this bay to the first waters of the R. St. Louis. Huntkr's Brook, at the s. w. extremity of Drayton t., joins the R. Connecticut between Hall's Stream and Indian Stream. HuNTKRSTOWN, township, in the co. of St. jVIaurice, in the rear of Riviere du Loup, Grand- pre and Dumontier : bounded b. by the projected T. of Caxton; w. by lands claimed by the late Charles Lanaudicre, Esq. as belonging to the S. of Maskinonge ; N. w. by waste crown lands. — A tract of very little value, being a continued stratum of rock lying very near the surface ; to- ward the rear it rises into broken and almost mountainous ridges. Pine and maple are abundant, but redur, spruce and hemlock much more so. — The Rivitre du Loup with some small lakes and little rivulets water it very well. 24,620 ocres were granted in 1800 to Mr. John Jones, the present proprietor. HUNTINOIION (V.), V. HlNCHINBROOK, T. HUNYSBUROH (V.), V. St. ArHAND, S. Huron Village, i;. St. Gabriel, S. HuRONB, des, river, rises in the S. of St. Charles, in the co. of Rouville, and running s. w. traverses the S. of Rouville, where it receives a small stream that rises in a lake on the summit of the Rouville Mountain and then striking into Chambly East it receives the united waters of the rivers Barre and du Rapide : after this increase it runs more to the w. and loses itself in Chambly Basin. The course of this A. is only 20 miles, although it is of con- siderable magnitude: it not only contributes to the fertility of the soil, but by its sinuous mean- ders forms a strong feature of euibellishuient. I. Indian LANbB and Inoian». Adjoining God- manchcster on the wp"* * > space reserved fur the use of the tlomiciliated Indians of St. Regis and commonly known by the name of the Indian Lands: it forms a triangle bounded by Lake St. Francis, Godmanchester and the line of 45" : itx side on the lake is about 10 miles and that on the line 12^ miles. The land is, generally, of supe- ''h INDIAN LANDS AND INDIANS. rior quality and well furnished with fine timber. Of the I7.320 acres of leased lands in this settle- ment, there are upwards of 4000 low and unfit for cultivation, except at a great expense; on these grow black ash, elm, cedar, pine and tama- rack. There are besides about two thousand acres of open marsh, not leased, which grow nothing but coarse grass, bushes of various kinds, wil- lows and alders. — These open marshes were of considerable use to the settlers on their first ar- rival in furnishing winter food fo:- neat cattle, but now that the inhabitants have all got part of their farms sown with tame grass, these marshes are comparatively of little value and are likely to remain so for generations to come, as nothing but the lowering of the Coteau dii Lac rapid can make them fit for cultivation. This, if not done by the hand of man, but left to the gradual ojierations of the stream of the St. Lawrence, will take a longer time than is ensy to be calculated. — The remain- ing part of the leased land consists nf rising grounds of no great elevation, which, if cleared, would look like so many islands in the midst of those swales. Where the ridges are highest the lu.id is rathe stony, but taking the dry lands on an average the soil is good and fit to raise any sort of crops, with respect either to quality or quantity, that will grow on any other part of Lower Canada. The timber growing on these ridges consists of maple, birch, beech, basswood and occasionally some hemlock ; and these ridges once produced considerable quan- tities of white pine and oak. The only stream of consequence in the settlement is Salmon River, which, from its mouth to the province line, a di- stance of four miles and upwards, is navigable for vessels not drawing more than four feet of water : this R. is a great thoroughfare for the admission of American produce. — Among the various obstacles to the improvement of the settlement, the want of roads is not the least. The difticulty and ek- (lense attending the bringing of the Grand Voyer to such a distance has, no doubt, been one of the causes of the want of roads in this place ; and now that part of the difficulty has been surmounted and a road laid out, there remains a still greater, vis. the doing the necessary work. Owing to a great proportion of the St. Regis Indian reserva- tion being low and swampy marshes, it is neces- sary to pave the way over which the line of rood runs with logs, which makes the labour neoe^ sarily so heavy, that unless some legislative aid is obtained, it must be a long time before any road can be in such a state as to render travel- ling comfortable. Although the marshes in this tract are mither few nor small, there is not the slightest vestige of any of the diseases which usually attend such places. In fact there is not a more healthy people on the whole continent of America. StaHsticg, including the Dundee Settlement on pari of the Indian Lands. Land payinf; rent .... I^nd cleared ..... Lund paying rent, but low and unHt fur cultivation Manh meado«', unfit for cultivation and nut rented . . . . . Total population Protestants Tfae others cbiefly Roman Catholics. Acrn. 17.3«) K191 Potash kettles . Pot and pearl asbcries 70 I Houses in Dundee 2 Distilleries Live Slock, exclutlve qftlte Slock of Hit Indiani, Horses Working oxen Milch cows . 132 Young cattle 200 I Sheep 341 i Swine . 1,403 420 147 1 374 1,104 835 The Indians, who were the alx)riginal inha- bitants of the province of Lower Canada, have not been nearly exterminated without leaving materials for melancholy reflection. Even tribes of savages cannot be swept away from the earth without creating a sentiment of regret and a moral derived from the mutability of every thing human. Their extinction having been principally effected by the thirst of dominion and the hunger of ava- rice, assisted by superstition, leaves no enviable trace of the milder virtues of the christians. The few remains of these i)er8ccutcd tribes are scat- tered about the province and peaceably submit to the slow and gradual amelioration of more civilised habits. Their rude principles of unenlightened faith are already supplanted by the doctrines of the Roman Catholic creed, to which they uni- versally subscribe; and if a greater number of schools were established among them, it is pro- bable that in a few years their origin would be only known by their colour.— The names of the iii ' rm. ■i-i i !f I I ( 1 ■11 1 1 ! \ 5 , :|lt.ii I I INDIANS. existing tribes and their places of residence in this province are as follow : Trtbn. Placci or reiidcnce. IroquoiH or Mohawks. Algoiiquins and Nipissin- gues. Abenakis. Huroiis. IMirmacs, MalMtes Anml ('cites, Montagnais. ; Montagnex Lac des Deux Montagnes. Village of St. Fraiigois ; the S. of llecancGur; from the R. St. Fraiiris tu the Chaudi^re; and at the mouths of the Kistigouthe and the Madawaska. Village of Jeune Lorctte. or 5 Towards the Gulf of St I Lawrence. 5 Lake St. John and the I Sugucnay country. Indians of the Algonquin and Tete do Boule na- tions hunt along the h. St. jVIauriee. The fa- milies that occupied the hunting-grounds between the rivers Ste. Anne and St. JMaurice are entirely extinct. The Abenaki Tribe reside in the Indian Village in the cast side of the b. St. Francis, in the S. of St. Fran<;oi8. The village consists of about 40 cabins or houses of wood indifferently built. These converged Indians subsist upon their own lands in that seigniory by raising, in their peculiarly care- less manner, some Indian com and potatoes, and by rearing poultry and pigs : they sometimes in- crease these means by (isliing and sometimes by hunting parties : the latter is but a precarious re- source, as they are compelled to go to an immense distance before they can meet with game to repay their labour ; for as the habitations of civilized men have spread over the province, the animals that were the prior occupants have ilcd for pro- tection to the recesses of more distant forests. This V. contains a church and a parsonage-house, at which the missionary who superintends the re- ligious concerns of the tribe always resides. An interpreter also has a permanent residence among them. Some of this tribe inhabit an Indian v. in the S. of Bi'cancour, which is a little below the V. of Ui'cancour and consists of some houses of wood, ill-built, or rather cabins. The manners and occupations of these Indians are precisely the same as those of the v. of St. Francois. They have also a village in the co. of Riniouski, at the confluence of the rivers Madawaska and St. John ; and another at the mouth of the R. Ristigouchc, in the co. of Bonaventure, called the Indian V^il- lage Mission. — The Abenaki Indians of the v. of St. Francois hold, by letters patent, 8150 acres in the T. of Durham. The Algonquins and Iroquoin Tribes inhabit an Indian village in the S. of the Lake of Two Mountains, which is agreeably seated on a point of land projecting into the lake and consists of about 60 houses, a church and a parsonage-house, where a missionary always resides. The Indians of this village are the descendants of a tribe that inhabited or frequented the lands bordering upon Lake Huron; the few who survived the mas- sacre of that race by the treachery of their ene- mies effected their escape, and their progeny now occupy 2 or 3 small villages in different ports of the province. Those of the village of the Two Mountains are become civilized and have adopted many of the manners and customs of the Canadians and acquired a knowledge of the French language, which they use fluently : they are quiet and inof- fensive and preserve the greatest harmony among themselves and civility towards the other inha- bitants. They place an implicit confidence in the resident minister, whose influence over them is unbounded. Some lands are assisned to ^hem near their village, which they cultivate with wheat, Irdian corn and other grain ; of late years they have also planted potatoes in considerable quan- tities : from these sources, increased by the pro- duce of the chase, which a part of the men follow during the winter season, a subsistence is derived which, apparently, they enjoy with some of the comforts of civilization. The Montagnais or mountaineer nation, called in the Cree language Papinashuah, which means " laughers or sneerers," are descended from the Algonquins and frequent the immense tract of country lying from the mouth of the St. Law- rence northward to the Hudson's Bay territory ; they are generally a harmless people without any fixed habitations, wandering in the limits assigned among themselves us hunting-grounds, their only means of living l)cing by hunting and fishing. In 1804 there were about 1000 of these Indians, women and children included, between the River St. Maurice, King's Posts, Mingan Seigniory and coast of Labrador. In 1809 their number hud dimi- nished to about 800 and in 1824 it amounted to onlv INDIANS. the of iigncd only In dinns, River 'vand dinii- lonlv 700 at most, owing to stan'ation, small-pox, fevers and the inordinate use of spirituous liquors. When they go on board of vessels mm is their principal object, by which they get so much intoxicated that often in getting ashore they upset and many are drowned. When in a state of intoxicatioi they often sleep in damp places, by which chey get their death. During summer they subsist on fish, fowl and eggs, of which they have great plenty ; nnd in winter on beaver, deer, partridges and porcu- pines ; and, when they are near lakes, by cutting holes in the ice, they get trout and white fish : the former they take with hooks, the latter with nets ; but as this is a kind of laborious work, the ice being from 3 to 4 feet thick, they seldom try it except when in a state of starvation. They have u great repugnance to agricultural labour and have no traditions among them besides a faint idea of the order of the Jesuits, who taught them the first principles of religious worship, and, having the greatest influence over them, converted almost all of them to Christianity. When the Jesuits first settled among them, in the reign of Louis XIV., on the borders of Lake St. John, the Montagnais nation was in its greatest prosperity. The num- ber of Indians in the vicinity of l. St. John is now very inconsiderable; there are only 10 fa- milies on the border of the lake, about the same number in the Chicoutimi country, and about 15 families on Lake Chuamouchouan, which is 50 1. w. of Lake St. John ard the last post in the jagucnay country. 1 . eir numbers have also greatly diminished in the wretched country round Lake Alistassinni, which abounds with peltries of various kinds, since the time when the North- West Company held the King's Post, and more particularly of late years, since ardent spirits have been introduced among them. Their number has also been reduced by the small-pox, brought from Europe in the apparel and blankets given to them in exchange for their furs : with this dis- ease from 60 to 100 have died in a day. There arc now only 50 or 60 families who trade at the posts of the company : without these causes of mortality the number would have been at least 500. Their number has also been decreased by starvation, from the want of those animals which were once used for their sustenance and which they first began to destroy in too great profusion many ages ago. The Company of the Indies^ which had an exclusive right to the trade, having greatly enhanced the value of elk-skins, which then abounded in this country, induced the na- tives to destroy that animal merely for the sake of its skin; thus that improvident people destroyed almost totally the species of animal which sup- plied their chief subsistence. From that time their numbers gradually decreased. Whenever one of the members of a Montagnais family dies, a victim to want, he is buried on the spot by the others, who immediately afterwards remove their camp to another place and so on until only one remains, when he abandons the place altogether and rushes heedless through the woods till he him- self drops, the lost victim of despair and starva- tion. — The dress of the females of this tribe is singularly varied in colours, and it usually con- sists in a loose piece of blue cloth trimmed with scarlet for their lower garment and a mantle of printed calico. Their hair is rolled up on each side of the head and twisted round with red tape, or with ribbon, to which they are very partial ; a cap of a conical shape made of red, blue, green and white cloth, is generally worn, from beneath which a long queue of hair, twisted round with red tape, hangs down their back. The women smoke and drink spirits like the men. The usual dress of the men is very slovenly; it consists, gene- rally, in an old blue coat or frock, or calico shirt, with linen trousers. The whole native popula- tion now does not much exceed 300 - in a few years the race will be extinct, fo>- he chase is continually diminishing. — Mr. ' .ler Chasseur, a mineralogist of Quebec, in his communication to a committee of the House of Assembly, speaks of the present condition of these destitute human creatures in the following affecting terms : — " In mentioning White Birch Point I should add, that the tract is of no value to the Company of the Northern Posts, because it can in fact be useful only to those whose intention it is to render the productions of the soil profitable, instead of spe- culating upon the imbecility and ignorance of a tribe which is kept in a state of dependence pro- bably as revolting to humanity as the slave-trade in another hemisphere. The visitant of that wil- derness, which is in our immediate vicinity, can- not fail to experience the most afflicting senti- ments on observing the natives of the soil, whom the weight of years prevents from gratifying the 1; ! K I t : it ■lift'' )pii !■,.,- ri:i I N D I A N S. excessive avidity of a foreign master, contesting for the remains of the most worthless animal which I had stripped of its skin. The slave knows that laws exist which at least protect his existence, but of that our Indian has not the slightest idea. The number of those unfortunate persons who die of hunger and want would be yet more considerable if the humanity of the ser- vants of the Company of the Posts did not fre- quently supply their wants." The Iroquois or Mohawks live in the villages of St. Regis, at the head of Lake St. Francis, and Coghnawaga, in the S. of Sault St. Louis, of which seigniory they are the proprietors, as well as of a tract in the nei^bourhood of St. Regis called Indian Lands. — Coghnawaga is on the banks of the St. Lawrence and consists of a church, a house for the missionary and about 140 other houses, principally built of stone, formed into 2 or 3 rows, something resembling streets, but not remarkable for cleanliness or regularity: their occupants may be about 900, who chiefly derive a subsistence from the produce of their corn-fields and the rearing of some poultry and hogs, some- times assisted by fishing and hunting, which how- ever they do not, as in an uncivilized state, con- sider their principal employment. This tribe, the most numerous of any brought within the \>eXe of Christianity in Canada, has long been settled within a few miles of their present village. That the Aerce and restless spirit of the wandering savage can be, in a great degree, civilized, these Indians are a proof: some of the men of this village and of the village uf the Two Mountains were em- ployed in the British army, and no difficulty was found in bringing them under strict discipline, or in confining their operations within the laws of modern warfare. — The Village of lit. Regis, also inhabited by the Iroquois tribe, is in a rich and beautiful country and well situated at the western extremity of the Indian Lands. The boundary line between Canada and the United States passes through it. About 50 houses or rather hovels, a church, a chapel and a house for the catholic mi- nister, who is a missionary from the seminary of Quebec, compose the village. The habitations are poor, ill-built and more than commonly dirty ; attached to them are small gardens or rather enclosures, where Indian com and potatoes are planted, which, with what they raise on the Petite Isle St. Re^s and some other isles in the St.^Law- rence near the village, all of which are their own property, added to the produce of their fishing and sometimes hunting parties, constitute nearly their whole means of subsistence ; for indolence, mis- taken for the spirit of independence, destroys every idea of improving their condition by the profits of agriculture. — A reservation of land has been made for them by the American government simi- lar to the tract called Indian Lands. Slatistics of the Village of St. Regis. British Indians . 352 I Churches, R.C. American Indians . 369 Shopkeepers . Houses . . 1 10 1 Artisans Annual Agricultural Produce. Buihels. Peas . . 1 t'iiO Indian com . Rye . . 1,000 Potutoes Buiheli. 800 . 4,800 The Hurons, or Yendat Tribe, in industry and a genius fruitful of resources, in bravery and eloquence, always surpassed all the other tribes of this part of the North American continent. Charlevoix accuses them of consummate treachery, and says that they united higher virtues with greater vices than any of the Indian tribes ; his testimony, however, should be viewed with suspi- cion, for the historian of an invading and extermi- nating enemy is not the best evidence to prove a want of good faith in a cheated and ruined race. When the French first settled in Canada, the Yendat nation comprised 40,000 souls and occu- pied the fairest portion of the North Ame- rican 6ontinent. This once powerful tribe were treacherously destroyed by the Iroquois, who, un- der the specious pretence of alliance, obtained the confidence of their opponents, and by an indiscri- minate massacre nearly extirpated the whole race : the few who escaped fled towards the habitations of civilized man and established themselves in the rear of Quebec, many hundreds of miles from their native country on the borders of Lake Huron. In the year 1642 their celebrated chief, Ahatsistari, was baptized and the Yendat war- riors soon followed the example of their favourite chieftain. The melancholy remains of this war- like race are chiefly living in a village in the S. of St. Gabriel called La Jeune Lorette, where they live by the chase and by fishing, drawing no part of their subsistence from the regular pursuits of agriculture. The Indians of this \illagc arc the INDIANS. descendants of the Huron Indians formerly domi- ciliated at Sillery. They are a quiet, pcaceahle, honest, industrious people and loyal subjects ; have always been very faithful and devoted to his ma- jesty's service waen required, although on one occasion their answer to the governor was misre- presented. They are extremely useful both in peace and war, being always ready to go on pub- lic duty. Their number has been so much reduced that it is now become quite inconsiderable; in 1821 the population ofLa Jeune Lorette was 137, including only 32 heads of families, 3 unmarried young men above 21 years of age and 2 unmarried young women above 18; in the preceding 10 years there were 45 baptisms, 8 marriages and 29 burials. Inl824,the priest says, there were 28 or 29 families and about 70 communicants ; by another account it appears the families amounted to about 35 and 20 persons were absent. — Alarch 13, 1651, a grant of 21 1. in the S, of St. Gabriel was made to these Indians, and the settlement at La Jeune Lorette was made in 1697 ; this Indian village is between 8 and 9 m. from the city of Quebec and is seated on the R. side of the R. St. Charles, on an emi- nence commanding a charming view of the river tumbling and foaming over the rocks and ledges to a great depth ; the prospect is also in other re- spects most interesting, varied and extensive, com- prising the beautiful city and environs of Quebec and extending wide and far over the southern shore of the St. Lawrence, terminated by the softened forms of the distant southern mountains. The number of houses in the v. is between 40 and 50, with something like the appearance of neatness in their exterior ; they are chiefly built with wood nnd a few of them with stone. The church was built in 1730 at the expense of the Jesuits, the Indians working at the building and defraying part of the cost in furs : in 1824 the church and parsonage-house were much in decay, but, since the extinction of the order of Jesuits, the Indians have been no longer able, on account of their poverty, to make the necessary repairs. A Huron schoolmaster is supported partly by the government, but chiefly at the expense of the poor inhabitants. The mill was built in 1731 by the Jesuits out of the revenues, as the Indians suppose, of the estate belonging to the Huron nation. When the mill was first erected the Jesuits allowed the Indians a bushel of wheat annually to each family, but this allowance did not continue long ; it was soon reduced to one-half, that is, the Indians paid half-price for it: for the last 46 years they have had none of this allowance ; the schoolmaster however had, till the death of the last of the Jesuits, nn allowance of one bushel of wheat per month ; the commissioners now allow him 5s. a month in commutation. The Indians know not on what account the Jesuits discon- tinued the allowance of wheat, but when it ceased they began to ask the Prre Giroux for their lands at Sillery. The allowances at present made to the Lorette Indians by the military government consist in annual presents in clothes for the war- riors, women and children and eight days' rations ; they are also allowed arms and ammunition aa warriors always ready for military service : these allowances were formerly made by the French to the Indian tribes. Mr. Berthelot, agent to the Jesuits' estates, demanded rents of the Indians, but they refused ; he threatened to prosecute, they wished him to do so, but no prosecutions have taken place. The articles manufactured in the village of Lorette and carried to market, or out of the village for sale, are mocassins, snow-shoes, sashes, baskets, Indian sleighs, fur caps and mittens, collars of porcupine quills, purses, reticules, bows, arro^vs, paddles, small canoes and little figures of Indians. The bows and arrows and mocassins arc very neatly finished by the squaws. For these articles they occasionally find a sale, but at half the price they formerly obtained, and are often obliged to barter them for merchandise. Some of these In- dians are joiners and house-carpenters and others are obliged to work as day labourers, there being much poverty; and four families, consisting of about 20 persons, are reduced to absolute want. The greater number have no land, but merely an emplacement I 40 arpents, however, are allotted to them in common, and some plant a few jiotatoes and sow a little Indian corn and a few oats on some little pieces of land, which they have re- ceived from their parents or purchased. Hunting and fishing, by which they support themselves, are very precarious modes of living. The Huron nation had, formerly, for their hunting and fishing limits the country extending from the R. Chicou- timi as far as the mouth of the r. St. Maurice ; they used also to hunt and fish on the south shore of the St. Lawrence as far as the river St. John. Before that time the Hurons had no limits for hunting and fishing, and were masters of the 82 'i 'm ! ; M f! J- ■In ilfil ' i! INDIANS. country as far as the great lakes ; their ancestors IKsnnitted no one to hunt or fish on their lands, and in former times if a nation came to hunt upon the lands of another nation, their so doing became a cause of war. Nearly 200 years ago the Seven Nations made an alliance with each other, to live in peace and in common, that is to say, that they were to eat with the same spoon, micoine, out of the same porringer ; which signified that they were all to hunt together on the same lands to avoid all disputes with each other. For the last 50 years the Abenakis of the river St. John, the IMicmacs and the Mulecitcs have hunted over the lands of the Hurons and destroyed all their chase. When the Hurons had their chase entirely to themselves, it was a law among them to kill full-grown animals only, and to spare the young ones. Beaver they did not kill from June to August, because neither the fur nor the flesh was good for any thing at that season ; the infringement of this law was considered murder; nor did they kill partridges during that season, because they were sitting. The other nations, who came to hunt on their lands, were not so considerate ; those foreign In- dians killed both the full-grown animals and the young, and especially the beaver which always re- sides in the same place. In consequence of this lawless conduct the chase has been destroyed and the Hurons reduced to want ; for they cannot, as their ancestors did, kill the strangers who intrude on their lands. The Hurons complain that even the Canadian peasantry take upon themselves to hunt and fish and destroy every thing, spreading snares for wild pigeons. The Indians frequently complain of want of means to suppress the dis- orders frequently occasioned by white people re- sorting to their village, and say, that they can easily keep their own people in order, but that they have no authority over the whites. Tiie Lorette Indians now hunt as far as the sources of the Ste. Anne and the Batiscan. They take beaver, otter and martin, though these animals are less nu- merous tlian formerly. Their hunting season begins about the 2uth Alarch and towards the end of May they return. Some hunters begin about ISIicIiaelmos and return when the rivers are frozen. When the Indians meet with ravines, if they are not too wide, they cross them by means of a tree which they fell for the purpose ; %vhen they are too wide to be passed in that manner, they use small rafts. The moose-deer or elk, for- merly very common round Quebec, is now very scarce ; it was once one of the chief sources of the wealth of the numerous savage tribes. It is only in the fine days of spring, when the snow-shoes are easily borne up, or when in the early part of the day, after the usual frost of the night, large tracts of the country can be visited on the hard even substance without this encumbrance; and when the open rapids are the resort of water- fowl, and the lakes afford an ample supply of fish ; that the vast solitudes, in which the moose-deer is found, can be advantageously visited : these soli- tudes are diversified by scenes of the wildest gran- deur. The moose is the largest quadruped of the continent, often standing seven feet high ; its im- mense palmated horns, its downcast head and short body give it a savage aspect, but it is of a timid character. It weighs as much as 10 and 12 cwt. and its flesh is of the most delicate flavour and considered very nutricious. It is not gregarious like the other species of the deer, but generally the male, female and one or two fawns accompany each other. In summer its swiftness makes its pursuit almost hopeless, and it is only in deep snows that it becomes a prey to the hunter. Its hoofs, unlike those of the rein-deer, are much sharper and more stiff, and during the whole sea- son at each step it sinks to the ground. It cannot therefore travel far in the winter, and it early se- lects with its mates a spot for its beat where the bark and tender shoots of the hard wood abound ; the formation of its teeth and its huge powerful upper lip, are well calculated to strip the bark from the trees, which in summer it does to the height of 40 or 50 feet. At each new fall of snow the party tread it carefully down throughout their beat. If surprised by the hunter they will some- times not flee, but with the stupid defiance of the sheep paw the snow and threaten resistance ; if a dog approach them, the male, with a blow from his foreleg which he uses very dexterously, will lay it dead at his feet : in this case they easily fall a victim to the gun. Generally, however, their acute senses of he&ring and smelling apprise them of tiic approach of the hunter, and they run off at great speed, until overpowered by their own timorous efforts they sink. When the hunter ap- l)cars on his snow-shoes he finds them out of breath, floundering in the snow and turning a very piteous look towards him, claiming his kind- ness. They however often again suddenly take if a from will ly fall their them ill off own I N D new life, and turning round several times on the same spot, beat a solid place to give combat ; the gun soon despatches them. If they continue to run the hunter pursues, and coming up cuts with his tomahawk the tendons of the hind legs and soon secures the prize. The skin is made into shoes, and the hair of the mane is dyed and em- ployed in the elegant ornaments of bark work, shoes, &c, : the hair is now so highly prized that ns much as can be held in the hand sells for a dollar. The extension of the settlements and the incursions of otlier Indian tribes upon the hunting grounds of the Lorctte Indians, to prevent which all their applications have failed, have so com- pletely destroyed their chase that it is with the greatest difficulty they contrive to get a bare sub- sistence. Tliese reasons induced them, in 1824, to subscribe a sum sufficient to defiay the expenses of some of their chiefs, who undertook to cross the Atlantic in order to petition the king to redress their grievances. The object of their petition was principally to obtain the possession of the sei- gniory of Sillery, near Quebec, which was granted to their ancestors in 1651 and to which they be- lieve they have a just right. The grand chief, the second chief, the chief of tlicir council and the chief of the warriors arrived in England and were introduced to his majesty George IV. and had the honour of a long conversation with him, each wearing a gold medal which had been presented by the king. They appeared in their grand na- tional dress : their faces were painted and their hair, long ond flowing, was decorated with fea- thers and with the tails of various animals. To their ears were appended large silver rings of rude and fantastical v/orkmanship ; their noses were decorated with similar ornaments and they wore silver plates on their anns. They were armed with tomahawks and scalping knives, which they wore in ornamental belts. The kind reception, condescension and gracious manners of the king tended much to alleviate the severity of their dis- appointment by being referred to the Canadian government, whose duty it was to examine into their claims. The Notes of Jlr. Neilson on the attorney-jeneral's opinion on these cbims, a copy cif which is in the hands of the author, seem to prove much in their favour ; but these Christian Indians are poor and friendless; it appears that Providence alone can help them. — For Statistics of Lorctte, vide St. Gabriel, S. Indian Stream, in ihe t. of Drayton, is IRE formed by 3 branches descending from the t. of Auckland ; the eastern is called the Rapid Branch, the western is named the West Branch ; all of them meet in the 8. angle of that t. and their united streams immediately enter the t. of Dray- ton, where, continuing a s. course, this R. entirely traverses the t. and in its ». w. angle joins the R. Connecticut. On this r. are good sites for mills, but OS it is obstructed by falls, the only navigable advantage it affords is the transport of logs to the different saw-mills. Industry, Village of, v. Aug. to La Val- LIERE. - ' Interior Village, v. Shipton, t. Inverness, township, in the co. of Jlegan- tic, lies between Halifax and Nelson and is bounded n. \v. by Somerset and part of Nelson ; s. E. by Leeds. The land in the s. quarter is of superior quality, and in the other parts generally above mediocrity, except an extent of swamp of about 8000 acres to the northward, which is covered with hemlock, spruce fir and cedar. On the dry lands, timber is in great abundance and of an excellent description. — Watered by Lake Wil- liam, ond several small rivulets. — The s. w. part was granted to the late Joseph Frobishcr, esq. and now belongs to his heirs. — The settlements have been rapidly increasing during the last few years. — Ungranted and unlocated, 15,500 acres. In 1828 there were Under cultivation ( Icarcd but not cultivated < 'ut down but not cleared Acre*. n \:n 1» i'opulation Statistics. 117 Saw-millH Wheat (Jats Uai'ley Hurseii Oxen Amiuat Agrleultnrul Froducc. Uushtli. I Bushcli. j«H Potatoes 700 00 PcaH . 100 . aZO Rye . iO Buck wheat 10 Indian corn -io Hay, tunH 70 Live Stock: + Cows aa I Shevp . .% Swinn ■.i:> Ireland, township, in the co. of Alogantic, joins Halifax and Inverness n. w. ; Wolfcstowii s. w. J Leeds and Thetford n. e. — The n. w. part consists of land of an unexceptionable quality and fit for the growth of grain of all kinds, hemp and flax. The s. e. part is not arable, being only a series of rugged mountains running to a considerable dis- ,-^^ pM 'M i ii!l jl ■A ; ^11! IIP. I' i' I I' I: i I i I • ,|:1 I I . « ■ '!f lit I S L tancc, with many imoll lakes and twamps in thift intervals. The n. w. quarter, the only one thai has been surveyed and granted, now belongs to the heirs of Joseph Frobisher, esq.: this is a fertile spot, and inhabited by a few families, forming what is called Lord's Settlement.-— Beech, maple, birch and many other sorts of timber, are found in great abundance. — Watered by several rivulets and by Trout Lake. — Craig's Road passes through this T. and crosses the Bccancuur at Kemp's Bridge. The com and saw mills arc found of great utility in this interior part of the country. The settle- ments have rapidly increased of late years. — Un- granted and unlocated, 14,014 acres.. Population Corn-miUs Slatislics. 181 I Saw-mills . 1 1 Shop-keepers 2 1 Taverns 2 Artisans Wheat Oats Horses Oien AHnual Agricultural Produce. BuihcU. I Buaheli. 36o Barley . M 3!M) Potatoes 37G Duiheli. Peas . 9*) Indian com 89 Live Stock, 71 85 Cows Sheep 33 80 Swine 87 IsLA Watkr, a stream that rises in Buckland and enters Frumpton where it joins the Etche- min. Isle aux Coudres, seigniory, about 2 ni from the N. shore of the St. Lawrence, nearly op- posite to the Bay of St. Paul, is in the co. of Saguenay. — 5 m. in length by 66 arpents in breadth and x> leagues in circumference. Granted Oct. 29th, 1687, to the ecclesiastics of the semi- nary of Quebec, to whom it still belongs. — Com- pared with the neighbouring mainland, liie island is low, though near the centre are some few rising grounds: the shore in one or two places rises abruptly from the water, and is covered with thick creeping shrubbery, but in general the ascent is gradual and easy. The soil throughout is of a good, prolific quality and nearly all under tillage, producing grain of all kinds fur beyond the con- sumption of the seigniory : there are a few mea- dows and pasture grounds. The farms, 400, are divided into two divisions, called Cote du Cap a lu Branche and C«'ite de la Baleine, which are very little watered by streams of any description j in the former, which is at the w of the island, the soil is light and the farms are 50 arpents by 2 or 3; in the latter or east end the farms are 33 arpents by 2 or 3 ; the centre of the island is a I S L strong black soil, but its general character through- out is light. The hay grown on the beach is rich and abundant, and about 63,00U bundles are made an- nually. The price of oxen is 30 dollars, sheep 6s., pork Is. per lb., turkeys and geese 5s , fowls from is. to Is. 6d. — North of the island there is an- chorage for shipping. — Alex. Tremblay, a miller, has erected a stone mill, 36 ft. by 30, on Rivitre Rouge, which works 2 pairs of stones. A small quantity of wood of very inferior kinds still remains on the high ground, about the middle of the island. — There is one parish, in which ate a church and a parsonage-house, and the inhabitants live in neat well-built houses on each side of a good road that makes a complete tour of the island. — The bat- tures and shoals near its low and sandy shore arc very productive fishing-banks ; the little bays are the rendezvous of numerous small craft, employed in transporting toQuebec the surplus produce of the island and of the opposite seigniories. — The prin- cipal mineral production of this island is the garnet of Cap h I'Aigle which is there found in as great abundance and in as much purity of colour as at any other place in the known world : — This beau- tiful island Charlevoix represents as having been detached from the main land by a violent earth- quake, but it exhibits no other symptoms of such a catastrophe than a whirlpool between it and the opposite shore ; this channel, at low water, is dangerous for boats and canoes, which are liable to be thrown on the limestone rocks to the right of the entrance into St. Paul's Bay. It is, however, more probable that this island, which is formed on a rocky basis and covered with alluvial soil, has obtained its present appearance from the gradual accumulation of alluvial soil brought from the mountains by the r. Gouffre and other streams in their rapid descent into the bay, where the water is turbid and discoloured ; the whirlpool naturally concentrates this constant efflux of soil and forms the island. Population 6.V2 Clmiches, R.C. I Cures . 1 Presbyteries 1 Statistics. Corn-mills Saw-mills Medical men Taverns Artisans River craft Tonnage Keel boats 4. a 49 17 Wicat Oats Horses 0.\cn Annual Agricultural Produce, Bushels. CTC 4,060 Bushels. I , 0,!»0 } Barley TH) Potatoes Bushels. Peas . 208 Map.sug. cwt. a Live Stock. 1G3 I Cows . 400 1 Swine 3-^7 I Sheep . 1,0J0| J50 I SL I 8 L 4. 2 49 17 luahels. 20H vt. ii J50 Titlf.—^* Concedie le 'iOmc Octobre 1667, p«r le Afarquii de Britay, Gouvcmcur, et Jtan Bochart In- tcndant, au StmiHaire de Q»thec, aver lo» Imlturps qui sont autour d'icelle." — RigiHrt d'jHlendancc, A'u. 3, Jbih IsLR Aux Noix is in the river St. Slauricc. The land is of good quality and contrasts strongly with the banks of the river, which discover, par- ticularly on the w. side, nothing but hills and lurrcn cliffs of granite. Isle aux Reaux, in the St. Lawrence, lies off the N. E. end of the Island of Orleans. It is about half a league long and about 8 orpents broad. It was given to the Jesuits, Alar. 20, 1638, by Mr. dc Montmagny. Till,- " Coiiccdc'e le 20mc Mars, 1638, par Air. de JUoiitiiuigiiy, aux reverends pOres Jrsuites." — Vahkri d'Jn- tfiid. 2d 'J, folio 11. Isle Jesus, seigniory, in the co. of Terrebonne, in length 21 m. and 6 at its greatest breadth ; it lies N. w. of the island of Montreal, from which it is separated by the Riviere des Prairies, and from the main land by the Riviere St. Jean or Jesus. — Granted, with the Isles aux Vaches adjacent, 23rd Oct. 1689, to the bishop and ecclesiastics of the seminary of Quebec, by whom it is still possessed. The original name was L'Isle de Montmagny; but soon after its grant the proprietors thought proper to bestow on it the appellative it now bears. — In size this island is second to Montreal. The land is every where level, rich and well cultivated ; on the s. e, bordering the river, are some excellent pastures and very fine meadows ; the other parts produce grain, vegetables and fruits in great per- fection and abundance. Almost every comer being turned to agricultural uses, very little wood re- mains, except what is left for ornament on the different farms. There is one road entirely round the island, and one runs through the middle lengthways ; these are connected by others, that open an easy communication between every part of the island. There are 3 parishes, St. Vincent de Paul, St. Rose and St.. Martin. The houses, mostly built of stone, are dispersed by the sides of the roads ; now and then a few are placed close together, but nowhere in sufficient number to be called a village. Around the island are several com and saw-milli on the two large rivers ; in the interior there is no stream of sufliiient force to work cither. The saw-mill on the Itiviirc des Prairies is never stop])cd for xvant of water, hut sometimes by a superabundance. Atiout niidwny of the Riviere des Prairies is the strung' rnpitl called the Sault au RecoUct. The raftn of timlK.'r that are brought down the Ottawa frum the upper townships descend this river into the 8t. Lawrouiv at the Bout de L'Isle. The communication Ik.-- tween Isle Jesus and the islands of Montreal iiiul Bizard and the main land is kept up by scvenil ferries in convenient situations for miiiiitaining ii continual and sure intercourse.— The farms being all occupied, some persons arc desirous of making new settlements but have been dcttTred by the high rents demanded by the seigniors and by t)u' free and common soccage tenure of the townships. The parish of St.^ Vincent de Paul is in the centre of the s. part of the island, and the farms are conceded, some of them prior to 1 750 ; the rates on which they are held are, 1st. 2 sols for each superficial arpent, and 1 sol as quit rent for each front arpent. — 2nd. 2 sols tournois for each superficial arpent, and 1 sol as quit rent for each front arpent.— r3rd. 1 sol tournois for each super- ficial arpent, half a bushel of wheat for every 20 superficial arpents, and 1 sol as quit rent for each front arpent. The parish of St. Rose is in the n. w. part of the island, and all the farms are conceded. The parish of St. Martin lies in the s. w, part of the island. All the farms arc conceded, some prior to 1759, on the same terms, viz. 2 sols for each superficial arpent or 1 sol tournois for each superficial arpent, and half a bushel of wheat for every 20 superficial arpents, or 2 sols tournois fur each superficial arpent : the quit rent has always been the same, viz. 1 sol for each front arpent. The church, 126 ft. by 40, is 1 J m. from the n. des Prairies. The soil of this p. is not very fer- tile nor is it turned to the best advantage. 3Iany of the inhabitants carry fire-wood to Quebec mar- ket. — (For a farther description of Isle Jesus, vide vol. i. p. 211.) I S L I S L StatisticB of the Seigniory of Isle Jesus. Parithet. 1 1 2711 '■J i 1 1 > 1 1 1 C 1 1 = s i 1 H 1 1 % J L 1 i 1 c < St. Martin . 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 4 •i 20 Ste. Rwe 2470 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 , 1 , 5 5 20 St. Vincent de Paul \ 1690 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 I • • • 1 1 5 14 6 22 6871 3 3 3 ! 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 1 13 62 Parithn. Annual Agricultural produce. l.neMiKk. 1 i 1 1 i 1 1§ It 1 1 i 1 * St. Martin . Ste. Rose St. Vincent ) de Paul . ) 11284 16250 laeoo 14962 18200 9100 1300 4«002 1100 200 300 100 3120 1560 6200 49000! . 500 36000 . 390 508 401 100 100 200 854 1008 684 1200 1108 780 1281 1890 1290 6405 6100 5600 1281 1199 1000 43130 42262 48406 600 9880 85000 500 1299 4flO 2540 i 3088 4161 18lft'j'3570l I i ' I* Title.—" Concession du 23me Octobre, 1680, faite par tledor de Calliere, Gouverncur, et Jean Boc/tarl, Intend- ant, i FEvdiue de Quebec et Messrs. dii Siminaire, de FMe Jiiu; des itlei aux I'aehet et autrcs adjacentvs." — Higlilrc del Foi et Uommage, No. 62, folio 289, /c 19nif Mar,, 1781. leiiE MoRAN, on the s. side of Lake St. Peter, lies at the estuary of the R. Nicolct, dividing its stream into two channels. — Granted, Oct. 29, I672, to Sieur Moran, now the property of Mr. Beaubicn. Title.—" Concession du 29me Octobre, 1072, faite par Jean Talon, Intendunt, nu Sicur Aloran, de I'ible ditu Moran, qui sc trouvc a IVniliouchure de lu riviire Nirohi, au bord du flviive SI. Laurent.— Rrgittre d'/ntendaner, Xo. 1,/o/lu 16. Isle St. Christophrr, about one-eighth of a league from the Cai)e of the Three Rivers, nnd about the same distance from that called Cape dc la Alagdelainc ; it contains about HO superficial urpcnts and was granted to the Jesuits, Oct. 2(1, 1654. Isi.R St. Paul, seigniory, in the St. Lawrence a little above the city of Montreal. — A grant of two-thirds of this island was confirmed to Atr. Ic Ber, April 23, I7OO. The grant of the other third was made July 18, \0^^\, toCluude Rubutcl. Title — ■• Confirmation du 2.')mp Avril, 17011, |>ar le Roi, d'uiip roni'i'ssioii faite k Mr. le Iter, dps deux tiers de I'isle de St. Paul. Plus concession de I'autre tiers fait k Vlaudt Hobutel, Sieur dc SI. Andr4, le Ulnie .luillrt, 1076."— t'(m». Caltieri d Intend. 2 d l», folio 282, rt Rat, (Tint. Com. Sup. LeIIrt li, fblhi \i\.—Vahleri d'lnlend- 2 i V,JbHo 391. Isles and Islets. — Those not included in the following alphabetical list are inserted under their specific names. — Birch Island, in the R. St. Mau- rice and in the t. of Radnor. — Brand;/ Pots, several small islets in the St. Lawrence, lying s. off the N. E. end of Hare Island ; on the largest a Telegraph is erected. — Crane Island or Isle aujc Grties, opiwsitc Cop St. Ignace, S. — Des Cinqs Island, in the R. St. Maurice. — Esquimaux Isles, near the coast of Saguenay in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. — Fox Island, near the n. e. extremity of the Saguenoy coast in the Gulf of St. Law- rence. — Goose Island, in the b. Ottawa, midway between the t. ofTempleton and the opposite shore, aliout 3^ m. below the mouth of the R. Rideau — Another, v. Cup St. Ignace, S. — Grande Isle, V. rivers Batiscan and Saguenay. — Grosse Isle, one of the Kamouraska Islands. — A small island in Lake St. John. — Hamilton Isle, in the R. Ottawa, lies off the t. Luchabcr, about one mile long; near it N. R. is another isle of smaller 8i«e. — Hare Island, lies off the e. end of Mount Murray, S. — Holt's Isle, in Lake Memphra- mugog; this little islet lies within 1| m. of the commencement of the R. Mugog and if in the 14th range of the t. of llatlcy.— Hospital Island, in the R. Richelieu below Ash Island, and between the SS. of Foucault and Lacollc. — Isle H I'Aigle, at the mouth of North Channel, where it enters Lake St. Peter, — Isles t) la Basade, in the St. Lawrence, lie off the n. k. angle of the >. of ! ';i ISLES AND ISLETS. of Trois Pistoles. — I$le au Caitot, in the St. Law- rence, lies N. of Crane Island and is about I^ m. long. — IsleMau Ctrf, in the r. Richelier., between the SS. of St. Charles and Beloeil.— /«fe au Chat, in the mouth of Lake St. Francis, off the 8. w. angle of Grande Isle.— /«/r oh Foin, v. An- taya, S. — Isle au Heron, at the Sault St. Louis, at the mouth of Lake St. Louis, hie au Rai~ son, at the entrance of Lake St. Peter, lies between the isles La Pierre and Du Moine, and is on the s. side of South Channel. — Isle au Sepulcre, v. Chicoutimi R. — Isles avx Basques, in the St. Lawrence, lying off the mouth of the r. Trois Pistoles. — Isle aut Chutes, in the r. du Nord, about one mile from Davis, v. in Chatham. — Isle aux Cochons, in the St. Maurice, lies op- posite the mouth of the R, St. Maurice. — Isle aux Corneilles, one of the Kamouraska Islands. — Isles aux Praises, in the R. St. Maurice, is a fine island near ^ mile long. — Isle aux Gnies, v. Crane Island. — Isle aux llarangs, lies off Cap au Diable in the 8. of Kamouraska. — Isle aux Herons, in the St. Lawrence, n. w. of Crane Island. — Isle aux Noix, in the R. Richelieu, at the mouth of John- son's Creek — Isle aux Oies, v. St Ignace, I. — Isle aux Pommes, lies off the s. of Isle Verte to which it ^jelongs. — Isle aux Raisins, in Lake St. Franci.% -it the mouth of the R. aux Raisins. — Isles aux Sapins, in the R. Chaudi£-re, is in the S. of St. Marie.— /»/«• aux Tetes, v. La CoUe, S.— Isles aux Tourtes, two small islands in the Lake uf Two Mountains, between the b. w. extremity of the Island of Montreal and the S. of Vandrcuil.— /«/« Baraboult, near the estuary of the Stc. Anne, di- vides that R. into two streams. — hie Bellerive, the largest islet in the mouth of the r. St. Maurice. — IsleBic, in the St. Lawrence, lies off the a. of Bic in the co.of Rimounki. — Isle Biquette.m the St. Law- rence, N. of Isle Bic. — hie Bouquet, v. Laprairie, S. — hie BruUe, in the St. Lawrence, lies nearly opposite the mouth of tnc Kamouraska; on this isle aTcIcgmph is stationed. — G i" of the Kamouraska islands.— y.v/r Carillir>i; nt the cntrnncc of the Lake of Two Mountnins, lies off Argentcuii, in which 8. it is included. — hie Vasradvs, in the s. w. chan- nel of Lake St. Louis, lies about midway between Isle Pcrrot and Mary's-town in the 8. of Bcau- harnois. — hie Chareau, v. Isles Communes. — hirs Communes or hies Perries, consist of Isles St. Jo'oph, ik la Commune, Chareau, and two others without names ; this rango of isles extendi along the front of the S. of Boucherrille on the s. side of the St. Lawrence, and are included in the grant of that S. ; the largest is about } m. in breadth ; they are quite flat and level; some of them afford good meadow, and others common pasturage made use of by the inhabitants of the village of Boucherville. — Isles de Contrecmr, on the a. shore of the St. Lawrence, lie off the S. of Contre- coeur to which they belong. — hie de Grace, in the St. Lawrence, lies nearly midway between the S. of St. Thomas and the parish of St. Joachim in the S. of Crite de Beaupr£. — v. St. Ignace Isle. — hie de Gramont, a little islet lying s. w. of the v. of Kamouraska in the S. of that name. — Isle de la Providence, one of the Kamouraska islands. — Isles de la Valtrie, on the n. shore of the St. Lawrence, lie off the S. of La Valtrie to which they belong. — hies des Sables, several islets lying N. E. of Isles aux Oies and at the entrance of Lake St. Peter. — hies Deschaillons, in the R. Richelieu, at the mouth of Ruisseau la Prade in the S. of St. Ours. — Isles des deux Tetes, in the St. Lawrence, N. w. of Crane Island. Isle des Peiras, in the R. Yamaska, about 1 J m. above the mouth of the R. David. — Isles Donhour, 3 small islets lying off the front of the S. of Desmaure, in the St. Lawrence. — hie du Grande Decharge, at the N. k. side of Lake St. John, fronting Grande Isle. — Isle du Lahri, in themouth of the r. St. Maurice. — Isle du Milieux, a small isle in the mouth of the river St. Maurice.— Isle du Moine, at the entrance of Lake St. Peter, lies 8. w. of the mouth of the r. Yamaska. — hie du Portage, lies at the N. r. end of the Island of Alontreal, a little below Isle Ste. Thercse, and is of no value. — hie du Sable, off the n. shore of the St. Lawrence, near the front of iief Dorvillicr in the co. of Champlain. — !sle Fou- quel, V, Laprairie S. — Isle Jatobois, in the R. Ya- maska, a little above Yuinaska church. — hie Joseph, in the R. Yamaska, nearly one m. beluw the mouth of R. David, in the S of Yamaska. — hie la Peche, in the n. St. Maurice, lies at the n. r. ex- tremity of the rear of Batiscan. The Indians and the inhabitants of the post of La Tuque frequently resort to this little island for the purpose of fish- ing, and an abundance of white fish. dor£, carp, boss, pike and eels are caught every year. — hir la Pierre, at the entrance of Lake St. IVter, lying on the N, side of South Channel.- /»fr la Porvitr, in the r. Yamaska, a little below the church of Yamaska.— i*/f Madame, in the St. Lawrence, T 'M M 5i fil 'I ' i ISLES AND ISLETS. Ues B. off the v. a. point of the Island of Orleans^ about 1^ m.b]r ^ m. broad.— v. St. Ignace Isle. — I$le Patience, in the St. Lawrence, lies N. of Isle de Grace. — Isle Percdes, 3 islets in the St. Lawrence, lying off the a. of Riviere du Loup. — v. Isles Communes. — Isle Plate, at the entrance of Lake St. Peter, lies midway between Baie St. Frangois and Maskinong6 Bay. — Isle Randin, in the St. Law- rence, lies between the S. of Berthier and the 8. w. end of Isle Dupas. — Isle Konde, v. Isle St. Ignace. — Isle St. Alexandre, in the R. Etche- min, and in the S. of Jolliet. — Isle St. Barnahe, in the St. Lawrence, lies off the S. of St. Bamab6 opposite to the mouth of the R. Rimouski. — Isle St. Bernard, or Nun's Island, on the s. e. side of Lake St. Louis, lies at the mouth of the Chateau- guay, dividing that R. into two streams. — Isle Ste, Catherine, in the R. Etchemin and in the S. of Jolliet. — Isle St. Elzear, in the R. Etchemin and in the S. of Jolliet. — Isle St. Ignace, the largest isle at the mouth of the R. Ste. Anne, — v. St Ignace Isle. — Isle St. Jean, in the R. Etchemin, and in the s. of Jolliet.— Another, in the S. of Yamaska, is formed by the two branches of the R. Yamaska, one running into Baie St. Francois and the other into the Bay of La Valli^re. — Isle St. Joseph, in the r. St. Francis, near its mouth, lies in the N. angle of the S. of St. Francois. — v. Isles Communes. — Isle Ste. Marguerite, 3 isles in the St. Lawrence, one at the mouth of r. Ste. Anne, another, n. w. of Crane Island, and the 3rd is the smallest islet in the mouth of the r. St. Maurice. — Isle Ste. Marie, in the R. Etchemin and in the S. of Jolliet. — Isle St. Pierre, in the R. Etchemin, and in the S. of Jolliet.— /#/(> Ste, Sttsanne, in the R. Etchemin, and in the S. of Jolliet. — Isle Ste. Therese, in the r. Richelieu, between the four connecting angles of the n. of Longucuil, K. and w. by Chnmbly ond Blenrie. — Another at the lower end of l\rontreal .'slund.— Isle Si. Thomas, in the r. Etchemin, an I in the S. of Jolliet.— /»/e Smidt, in the R. Vamaska, opposite the church of Yamaska. — Isle Vaudrenil, in the Lake ofTwoAIuuntains, lies near the S. of Vaudreuil to which it belongs. — Inle Vrrte, v. Vertc. — Kettle Island, in the R. Ottawa, lies off the T. of Tcmpleton, a little more than 2 m. below the mouth of the R. RlAcnu— Knight's Island, in the Bcauhumois Chunnel, between Grnnde Isle and the N. B. angle of Catherine's Town. — La Croix Isle, v. Cap de la I^iaJaleinc, S.—Long Island, in the co. of Ottawa, is in the R. aux Lievres at the head of Lake Mistake. — Murr Isle, near the coast of Saguenay, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. — Malawin Island, in the n. St. Maurice, is about \ mile in extent and the land is very g(xxl. — lAncer Matawin Island, from this island there is a route by 5 lakes and 4 portages to the great Lake Matawin. — Murr Isles, in St. Lawrence Gulf. — Nun's Island, v. Isle St. Bernard. — Old Fort Isles, near the n. b. extremity of the Saguenay coast in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. — Papa Island, an islet in the R. Etchemin in the t. of Frampton. — Petite Isle, in the R. Yamaska, u little above the a. point of Isle St. Jean. — Pine Island, in the r. St. Francis, between Wickham and Upton. — Prison Island, in the mouth of Lake St. Francis, lies about midway between the w. part of Grande Isle and the estuary of the Riviere de I'lsle. — Pro- vince Island, in Lake Memphromagog, near the province line and between Stanstead and Potton. —Red Island, in the St. Lawrence, lying about 6 m. N. of Green Island. — St. Mari/'s Isles, near the Saguenay coast in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, opposite the mouth of the r. Watoguia. — St. Regis Isle, in front of the mouth of the R. St. Regis, belongs to the Indians of the v. of St. Regis. — Traverse Isles, in the R. Ottawa, lying off the 8. w. line of Lochabcr Gore, arc several small isles between Black Bay and the n. w. angle of the t. of Plantagenet in Upper Ca- nada. — Washmisker Isles, near the Saguenay coast in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. — White Island, in the St. Lawrence, extends down the n. ut the N. B. end of Hare Island : about 5 m. long and ^ m. hroaA.—lVolf Island, near the Saguenay coast, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence near South- aker ledge. IsLBT DU PoRTAOR, suigniory, in the co. of Kamouraska, is bounded n. r. by Lachenaye; 8. w. by Granville ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — One league in front and one in depth. Granted, Oct. 2i), 1073, to Sieur de Granville.— Isle du Portage forms part'of this seigniory. Title— ^^ ConcMiiion du 20m* Octobre, 1072, fsitc pnr Jran Talon, Iritcnd»nt, au Sicur de Granvllli; do I'lule iiointn^'O (III Portage «iir lo tlouvc SI. Laurent., bvpc unn drriii lipiic do tcrrc pii do<,'ik et line uutrc iiii deU de la ditc Isle, Bur iinr lieue do profondcur."— Wr'^'iz/rf (TlnUndaHCC, No. \,jyio u. Isi.KT no PonTAOB, V. Chicoutimi, H. IsLBTTKB AVX JuNBB, f. Lapruin'c, S. J A C IsLK Vbrtk (S), V, Verte. IwASBEOA or TwASHEOA, Hver, runs from the V. w. into the R. Aisuapmoussoin. IxwoBTH, township, in the co. of Kamouraska, is an irregular tract in the rear of the S. of Ste. Anne and the Aug. to the S. of Rivii rette, who consider the lands to an immense di- stance northwards as their hunting-grounds. The general view along the course of the river is va- ried, picturesque and extraordinary, presenting a thousand combinations of unrivalled grandeur, beauty and wild magnificence. In its course through St. Gabriel it approaches within 16 m. of Quebec ; about nine miles before it reaches the St. Lawrence is the highly in: ^i-esting and ro- mantic new bridge of Jacques Cartier. The stream is here precipitated over many large frag- ments of granite that occasion a perpendicular fall of considerable height, the effect of which is greatly increased by the incessant roar of the torrent, as it forces its way through the hollows and excava- tions which it has made in its rocky bed and in the sides of the channel. This bridge is worthy of no- tice for the lightness and solidity of its construc- tion ; the natural high bank of the river on each side is finished with masonry into solid piers, whence the arch, entirely of timber, forms a handsome and lofty segment : near the w. end is a small, well-built cottage, most romantically situated, in which the collector of the bridge-tolls resides. From this bridge the river continues its impe- tuous character until its waters are lost in the current of the St. Lawrence. The river Jacquei Cartier, viewed with a military eye, forms a must powerful natural barrier and may be termed one of the outworks to the city and environs of Que- bec: the velocity of the stream would moke it extremely dangerous to attempt fording it; the height of the bunks renders them inaccessible, ex- cept in a very few places, and those could only be ascended with much difficulty by a small number of persons at a time, which, with the numerous advantageous iNisitions along the whole range of the river for posting a defensive force, would al- together constitute it a complete line of security : the French, after they were expelled from Quebec in 1 759, retired behind this river. Qn the eastern side of the river, at a short distance bcl'orc its con- fluence with the St. Lawrence, where its high bunk, receding considerably from the margin, leaves a rather extensivt flat a little above \m i ■ I 1 1 Hi < H : n i i:i ! II !; m wmi J A C the water's level, are some corn-mills and several stores belonging to the heirs of the late Mr. All- sop of Quebec. They are the remains of a much greater and more valuable establishment. — This highly interesting and romantic river appears to run a course of about 50 miles and to collect its waters from a space of 20 to 30 miles in breadth, comprehending about 1250 square miles. — This celebrated river was formerly the terror and often the grave of travellers. — For some years past it has become the object of public attention ; three bridges have been erected over it, and the citizens of Quebec visit it at proper seasons in parties of pleasure. It abounds with iish, especially salmon, works numerous mills and a distillery, and is particularly remarkable for the sudden swelling of its waters after rain ; almost the least shower produces an instantaneous effect. Many of the more majestic features of the sceneiy on this b. are seen to the greatest advantage in winter, when the severity of the congelation exhibits the banks and the bed of the stream in every variety of fan- tastic appearance, and when its frozen artificial pendants in all the diversity of figure and size re- semble the stalactics of the richest natural grotto. Jacqubs Cartier, seigniory, in the co. of Portneuf, fronts the St. Lawrence and is bounded a. w. by the b. of Portneuf; n. e. by Belair and its aug. and in the rear by waste crown lands. — It is ^ league in breadth by 5 1. in depth. Granted Mar. 29, 1659, to Dame Oognier, widow of Jean Clement de Wauls, Chevalier, and Seigneur de Monceaux. Now the property of Messrs. de Lcry and Mr. Allsop. — Although the surface is very irregular and broken, the land in general is of a moderately good quality j in some places the soil is light and sandy, in others a layer of black ve- getable mould upon a stratum of limestone, and to the rear, where it becomes rather mountainous, a good light loam; each of these different kinds is Buiiiciently fertile and several ningcs of eon- cessions are in an excellent state cf cultivation, containing many productive and valuable farms. The timber is various both in kind and quality ; the maple and birch arc good, and, along the banks of the rivers, are some superior pines : the common sorts are very abundant. — The Rivers 8te. Anne and Portneuf cross this S., but the principal K. by which it is watered is the Jacques Cartier. The main road pusses along the front of J E R the S. and crosses the Jacques Cartier by a ferry about 300 yards broad, where, on account of the violence of the stream, the boats are traversed from side to side by means of hawsers stretched across; the charge for a foot-passenger is 3d., for a horse 6d., a horse and carriage Qd. and Is. 3d. for a carriage and two horses. The road, as it passes in the vicinity of the river and winds up the lofty banks, is exceedingly steep ; but never- theless it is much frequented, althou^ there is another road from Quebec that passes over Jacques Cartier bridge and which is rather shorter and by which almost all the inequalities of the ground are avoided — Less than one-third of this S. is cultivated ; some of the best farms are near the rood that passes along the St. Lawrence, and, on the 8. w. side, near the road leading from the bridge to the barony of Portneuf. —Jocjim's Cartier fief is included in this S. and lies on the s. w. side, extending to the entire depth of the S. It has a frontage of about ^ m. on the r. Jacques Cartier. Tilk.—" Concession du 89me Mara, 1659, faite par la Compagnie, & Dnnie Gagnkr, veuve de fi'U jean Clement de Wauli, Chevulier, Seigneur de Monceaux, d'une demi lieue de large sur le bord du fleuve St. Laurent, nveo cinq lieue» de profondeur de tcrre en tcl endroit qu'il plaira i Mr. D'Alllcbout,(iouveme\XT, — Ennuitede cette concession eat une copie d'un rertiflcat du Sieur Bourdon, du 25nie Oc- tobre, 1669, que la Dame de Monceaux lui ayant remis la concegsion ci-dessux, par ordre de Mr. D'Aillebout, lors Goii- vemeur, pour prendre par la dite Dame possesfiion de la dite deini lieue ; avec demande de lui arcorder la dite concession depuis U rivifre Jaa/uei Carlier, jusqu'n la concurrence de la dite demi lieue, dexrendant en baa, par lequel 'Certiticat il lui donne acte de diligence, comme ellc prenoit le dit lieu pour I'emplacement et le cboix de m dite conc«s!iion." — Papier TerrUr, page 96, lime •/«<», 1781. Ca/ileri d'lntcndance. Jeremib Isles, in the mouth of the St. Law- rence, lie near the Saguenay coast, about 9 m. above Belsiamite n. and Pointe. Near these isles is a north-west post that derives its name from them. Tlie northern shore of the St. Lawrence, here and ut Belsiamite, is not so high us the southern shore op^iositc, which may be distinctly seen from the n. shore. The soil of the Saguenay const, hereabout, is composed of a white and yel- low sand and presents to the view, from the river, a pleasing succession of white cliffs intersected with forest trees. Rehiamite Pointe is a low sandbank extending far into the St. Lawrence and is over- grown with spruce and sapin : on its s. shore are a few Indian wigwams inhabited by some of the ,^|1 JESUIT S' ESTATES. Montagnais tribe, who traffic in seals and fur« skins when ships arrive near the coast and the weather allows them to go on board for that purpose. Jkrbby, a projected township in the co. of Beauce, is a triangular tract lying between the rivers Chaudiere and Du Loup and is bounded s. hy Marlow. A small part in the a. b. angle has been surveyed and granted. — Ungranted and un- located, 33,000 acres. Jksuits, des (F.), r. Lauzon, S. Jesuits' Estates. — The Jesuits, in this pro- vince, were at first only missionaries; they after- wards obtained a patent which enabled them to purchase lands and hold property as in France. The property they afterwards possessed in this country was very considerable and was acquired by grants from the kings of France, by gifts or donations from individuals and by purchase. On the death of Father Casot, the last of the order, in March, 1800, their property became vested in the English crown. — Their very extensive pos- sessions in this province may be inferred from the following description of part of their property. Batiscan.—Qy deed, Mar. 13, 1639, James de la Fert^, abbot of Ste. Mary Aladeleinc of Cha- teaudun and canon of the king's chapel in Paris, gave this seigniory irrevocably, and in the strong, est terms imaginable, to the Fathers of the Com- pany of Jesus settled in New France, and their successors. — The depth of this seigniory seems to have been omitted in the original deed through error, but it was afterwards ascertained to be 20 leagues. — This seigniory was given to the reverend fathers settled in New France for them and their successors, to be held as an absolute fief with the right of holding high, inferior and petty courts of justice and subject to fealty and homage to the said James de la Ferte and his heirs, according to the usage and customs of fief in the provostship of Paris, subject also to the payment of u silver of the value of sixty sols at the end of every twenty years to the same James de la Forte and his heirs, from such time as these lands should tie cultivated, to be possessed by the futlicrs Jesuits, or applied and transferred to savages ur others iMicoming christians, and in such mnniicr as the fathers shall think proper, so that these lands shall not be taken out of their hands while they shall think proper to hold and possess them. — Molivei ami consideration!. — This seigniory was given for the love of Ood. Belair, or Bonhommea Mountain. — By deed of Nov. 24th, 1662, Messrs. Lefevre de la Barre and Demeuilles, governor-general and intendant of New France, granted this seigniory to William Bonhomme, to be held as a fief and seigniory with right of holding high, inferior and petty courts of justice, together with that of hunting and fishing, but subject to fealty and homage. — By deed April 15th, 1684, the above grant was confirmed by the king. — This seigniory was purchased in different parcels by the reverend fathers of the Company of Jesus (with the right of holding high, inferior and petty courts of justice, and that of hunting and fishing within the limits thereof) subject to fealty and homage, from some of the descendants of William Bonhomme, and from other persons who had purchased some parts of his descendants. Cap de la Madeleine, — By deed March 20th, 1651, James de la Ferte, abbot and canon, gave this seigniory as a gift irrevocable to the reverend fathers, together with the right of seigniory and privileg;es that he had and might have in and to the lands so conveyed, which were granted to him by the New France Company; with the re- servation, that all former grants made and signed by him should from that time forward be de- pendent of said seigniory, and held under the same reverend fathers, Jesuits of Canada, in the manner they were before held under the same James de la Ferte, which lands appear to be two arriere fiefs, Marsolet and Hertel. — Motiven and considerations. — This seigniory was given to the reverend fathers in Canada for their colleges and houses, to be by them held in the same man- ner as they were before that time jiossessed l)y the donors, to be enjoyed, done with and disposed of by the fathers, Jesuits, and their successors in New France, as they shall think proper for the benefits of the savages converted to the christian faith, and in order to help towards subsisting the Jesuits in tlie said county ; the whole confbmi- uble and according to the customs and consti- tutions of the Company of Jesus without any civil obligutiun. Isle niu ReaHjc.— By deed Mar. 20, I63JJ, tlie New France Company granted these isliinds to the reverend futberv Jesuits uiid their Mic- M if JESUIT S' ESTATES. oessors as a seigniory. — Motives and comidera' tions This island was given to the religious order of Jesuits and their successors for ever for the purpose of feeding cattle for their houses, in consideration of their exposing their persons to the greatest dangers that can be en- countered among the savages, in endeavouring to bring them to a knowledge of the true Ood and to lead a civilised life, and on this sole condition, that the Jesuits should acknowledge to hold the same under the New France Company and report the state of the culture and improvement of this island at the end of every twenty years. Laprairie de la Madeleine. — By deed April 1st, 1647t Francis de Lauzon, king's councillor in the court of parliament of Bordeaux, gave and granted this seigniory to the religious order of the Com- pany of Jesus. — Motives and considerations. — This seigniory, including the islands of Bouquet and Fouquet and the small islands called Islettes au Jones, was given and granted to the religious order of the Jesuits, on condition that they should send such persons as they might think proper to cultivate the lands, and that the donor should be a partaker of the benefit of their prayers and holy sacrifices, and in consideration of the assist- ance given by that religious order to the inhabit- ants of New France, and of the dangers to which they daily exposed themselves in bringing the savages of that country to a knowledge of the true Ood. Notre Dame des Anges. — By deed. Mar. 10, 1626, Henry de Levis, duke of Ventadour, vice- roy of New France, granted this fief and seigniory to the religious order called Jesuits. By an edict of the French king for the esta- blishment of the New France Company, all gifts and grants made prior thereunto were re- voked. By deed Jan. ir*, 1637, the same lands under the same description given of them in that by the Duke of Vcntaduur, were given by the said com- pany to the said religious order with this excep- tion, " the river of Notre Dame dc Ueauport ex- cluded;" but adding such meadows, lakes, rivers, ponds and quarries as may be found within the said lands." By deed Jan. 17, 1652, John de Lauzon, go- vernor of New France, granted to the said reli- gious order, the same lands specified in the pre- ceding deeds to be held en Franc aleu, with all the seignorial and feudal rights, and with these conditions ; " The right of fishing on the rivers opposite to their said grant, to the exclusion of all other persons, and granting also to them the meadows that were covered and uncovered by the tides." — Motives and considerations. — This seig- niory was granted to the fathers of the Company of Jesus and their successors, to be by them en- joyed for ever as their property en Franc aleu, with all the seignorial and feudal rights, on con- dition, that in appeals from the decision of the judges by them to be established in said seigniory, resort shall be had to the grand senechal of New France, or his lieutenant at Quebec, in considera- tion of the services they rendered as well to the French as to the savage inhabitants of the country. Isle St. Christopher — By deed October 20, 1654, John de Lauzon, governor and lieutenant-general of New France, gave this island to the reverend fathers of the Company of Jesus, in Franc Almoin. — Motires and considerations. — Tliis island was given to the reverend fathers, by them to be held in Franc Almoin for ever as a fief, with power to concede the same or such parts thereof as they may think proper, to tenants subject to cens et rentes, but without being themselves subject to any charge or condition whatever, in consideration of the zeal manifested and the care taken by the said reverend fathers, and the benefit that religion receives from them in the conversion and instruc- tion of the savages, which could not be sufficiently acknowledged. Sf. Gabriel, or the Two Lorettes. — By deed November 2, 1667, Robert Oifibrd and Mary Renouard, his wife, gave to the reverend fa- thers Jesuits the seigniory of St. Gabriel, with the benefits and prerogatives thereunto belong- ing, excepting half a league in front by the whole depth of this seigniory, which they had on the same day given and granted to the hospital of nuns settled in the city of Quebec, and now composes the fief called 8t. Ignatius.— Motives and comideratioiu. — It was given to the reverend fathers, in consideration of the great friendship that subsisted between them and the donors, and in order to reward the suld fathers for the many good and agreeable services they had rendered to the donors. as. — the JESUIT S* ESTATES. SelgiHory of Sillery. — By deed October 23, 1699, Messrs. de Callieres and Bochard, general and intendant, granted this seigniory to the re- verend fathers Jesuits. — Motives and considera- tions. — This seigniory was granted to the re- verend fathers Jesuits, by them to be enjoyed for ever as their property, with the same rights and privileges with which the same lands were given to the savages by deed from the New France Company, bearing date 13th March, 1651, viz. : as u freehold («i Franc aleu) with all the seig- norial rights that the said New France Company had, or pretended to have in them ; together with that of fishing in the river St. Lawrence along the front of the lands so given to them, to the total exclusion of all other persons without their leave and permission ; together with all the mea- dows, herbage, &c. lying along the said river, and those that are covered and uncovered by the tide. In fine, with all the rights and privileges that a seigneur can enjoy ; together with the right of holding high, inferior and petty courts of judi- cature. — Motives and considerations, — In consider- ation of the great spiritual and temporal assistance given by the said reverend fathers to the savages of this country, and the enormous expense they had been at in supporting the missions to the said savages for whom they had purchased lands in several places at a great expense. Three Rivers — Fief Pachingny. — By deed Oct. 23, 1699, Hector de Callieres, governor, and John Bochard, intendant of North France, granted this fief to the fathers Jesuits with the rights and privileges annexed to the seigniory of Sillery, both of which are comprehended in the same deed. — This fief consists of four perches of land in front by eight in depth and twenty toises square added thereto, bounded N. e. by St. Louis-street and B. w. by St. Anthony's-strcet ; in front by the street that divides this fief from the in- closure of the town of Three Rivers and in the rear by Notre Dame-street. — Motives and con- siderations. — This fief was granted to the reverend fathers Jesuits, to be enjoyed by them as their pro- perty for ever, according to the customs of Paris. It was given to them in consideration of the spiritual and temporal assistance they rendered daily to the savages of this country, and of the great care they took and the enormous expense they had incurred in sup|iorting the missions to the said savages.— By deed nf Feb. 15, 1634, the New France Company granted this fief and seigniory to the reverend fathers of the company of Jesus. This deed con- tains a direction to Mr. de Champlain, then com- mandant of the New France Company, to put the said fathers into the possession and enjoyment of the 600 arpents of land so granted to them, at or near the place called the Three Rivers, where the New France Company was then forming a settle- ment ; but Mr. de Champlain having died before this mandamus came to hand, the following was obtained.— By deed, Aug. 26, 1637, M.deMont- magny, the king's lieutenant in New France, by order of a mandamus of the 26th Feb., 1037, to him directed by the said New France Company, put the company of Jesus in New France into the real and actual possession of a tract of land, which he then caused to be bounded and limited in the following manner : 1st. By erecting a wall at the N. B. side, near the said brick manufacture, to serve as a boundary mark, under which he caused coals and bricks to be put, which wall and boundary runs from the s. E. to the N. w. back into the country. On the s. w. side he caused another wall to be erected, running also from s. E. to N. w., from the extremities of which he caused a line to be drawn along the road leading along the river St. Lawrence to serve as a boun- dary line along the front, which measured 190 perches ; that is to say, from the wall or boun- dary at the N. R. and near the brick-kiln to the rivulet called St. Magdalen's, that falls into the river St. Lawrence at the point of the Iroquois, 150 perches; and from that rivulet to the end of the other wall or boundary at the 8. w. side 40 perches. N. B. The depth from the front to the rear is not mentioned in this deed, but it is found to be no more than 25 arpents in depth ; it was therefore erroneously stated in this deed as con- taining 500 square arpents, because 19 urpciits in breadth by 25 in length make only 475. — By deed, Aug. l.j, 1640, the reverend fathers of the company of Jesus gave 1 \ arpent in front by 25 in depth to serve as a common for the inhabitants' cattle, reserving to themselves the right of pasture therein for lit head: aval ity deed, June 9, 1650, the Jesuits transferred for the same puqmsc 14 arpents of land in front by 25 in depth, the almvc arpent and a half included, making 350 square arpents, out of which they reserved 35, the real 1 i-ii til % 1 U'!' '„ il JESUIT S' ESTATES. I amount i« therefore 315 ; 5 arpents in front by 25 in depth, making 125, above and joining the common, 35 square arpents joining the rear of the common, which they reserved. They also made a temporary grant of 16 arpents, which have since been united to the common. They also reserved some land back of the common within the same lines above the hill, which did not belong to this parcel, and does not therefore cause any diminution of the 315 given for the common. — By the same deed Mr. de Montmagny gave to the reverend fathers 14 arpents of land in front, join- ing to the 5 arpents by 25 that remained to them at the 8. w. side of the said 5 arpents in front. By deed Mr. de Mezy, governor, and Francis Delaval, bishop of Quebec, granted to the reverend fathers of the company of Jesus 4 arpents in front by 25 in depth, above the 14 arpents given them in lieu of what they gave to the common and joining to them at one side ; the side lines of which also run 8. E. and -N. w., making 100 square arpents given them as a gratification on account of the lands they gave being of greater value by their contiguousness to the settlement than those they got, which lay at a greater distance. This parcel now consists of 23 arpents in front, running along the river St. Lawrence, by 25 in depth, joining on one side to the common, from which it is di- vided by a line running 8. e. and n. w., and the other side of the second rivulet that runs into the river St. Lawrence in the way to lake St. Peter, making 525 ; and 2f arpents in breadth between the rear of the common and the hill, and thence running along the whole back line of said com- mon, making 35 square arpents, out of which they reserved 5 arpents in front by 25 in depth, making 125 above and joining the common, 35 square ar- pents joining the rear of the common which they reserved. They also reserved, or rather made tem- porary reservations of 16 arpents, which have since been united to the common within the same lines above the hill, which did not belong to this parcel and does not therefore cause any diminution of the 315 given for the common. By the same deed Mr. de Alontmagny gave to the reverend fathers 14 arpents of land in front, joining to the 5 ar- pents by 25 that remained to them at the e. w. side of the said 5 arpents in front. — By deed, Aug. 8, 1664, Mr. de Me«y, governor, and Francis Delaval, bishop of Quebec, granted to these re- verend fathers 4 arpents in front by 25 in depth, above the 14 arpents given them in lieu of what they gave to the common joining to them at one side, the side lines of which run also s. k. and N. w., making 100 square arpents given them as a gratification on account of the lands they gave being of greater value by their contiguousness to the settlement than those they got, which lay at a greater distance. This parcel now consists of 23 arpents in front, running along the river St. Lawrence, by 25 in depth, joining at one side to the common, from which it is divided by a line running 8. K. and M. w., and at the other side of the second rivulet that runs into the river St. Lawrence in the way to lake St. Peter, making 525 square arpents. — By deed, Aug. 26, 1637, Mr. de Montmagny put the reverend fathers into possession of 96 arpents of land at a place called Coteau de la Descente, lying N. w. behind the fort or habitation which he the same day caused to be laid out by John Bourdon, engineer, &c. This parcel consists of 96 square arpents of land joining on one side to the road that runs along the said Coteau de la Descente, bearing e. quarter 8 , and at another side by a wall then erected, under which he put coal and bricks, running w. a quarter n. w. or thereabouts ; at another side by a little hill, which they then named Coteau de St. Louis. — By the same deed and on the same day, Mr. de Montmagny put the fathers into pos- session of 4 arpents and 8 perches, or thereabouts, lying very near the habitation or fort of Three Rivers, on the N. B. side of it, which he then caused to be laid out by the same engineer, by erecting a wall at the part most distant from the fort or habitation, running in a straight lino from 8. e. to N. w. ; and on the opposite side, next the fort or habitation, by erecting another wall run- ning also 8. K. and n. w. The distance between the end of these two walls being 1 1 perches, and the depth of the lot running back from the line of 11 perches, 34 perches from the road that then went along the river St. Lawrence and thence running back into the country. This parcel is erroneously stated in the deed as containing 4 urpents 8 perches, because in describing the boun- daries to be a square of 1 1 perches in front, be- tween two parallel lines running buck 34 perches, it will make the real contents only 3 arpents and 74 perches. J O L K A M Grants made to the Jesuits for religt ous Purposes. Namn of the prlniipal Granlt. f.fiij;uri« in Icnuih aiul breudih. « » i SqMarc k -i arjietitk. ft' 1 Batiscan 2 by -M 40 282,240 ' Bonhoinme 1 by 2 2 14»112; Cap de Itt Madeleine 2 by 20 40 282,2401 Ute aux Reaux , , 360! La Prairie du la Madeleine 2 by 4 H ' 56,448 Notre Dame des Anges I by 4 4 1 28,224 Isle St. Christopher . ! 80| St. Gabriel . ! 104,850 Pacbigny . i 585' La Vuclieric ( Quebec) . 73 St. Nicolas in Lauzon 1,180. Sillery .... 8,!)7!> 1 Tadoussac 6| N. B.— Besides other mil or cranta, and valuable nro-l pcrties in the cities of Quebec and Montreal and'thel town of Three Rivers, 1 Johnson's Creek, river, in the s. angle of the S. of De Lery, runs into the R. Richelieu. JoLLiET, seigniory, in the co. of Beauce, is in the rear of Lauzon, separated from St. Etienne by the Chaudiere, and bounded on its other sides by Frampton, Buckland and the S. of Ste. Marie. — It is of an irregular figure; its greatest length along the rear line of Lauzon is about five leagues, occupying a space of about 1 ^ league in width along the Chaudiere, and is in depth along the E. line of the S. of Ste. Marie about 3 leagues. — Granted, Apr. 30th, 1697> to Sieur Louis Jolliet, and is now the property of the Hon. Thomas Taschereau, one of the judges of the Court of King's Bench at Quebec. — This seigniory, in soil surface and qua- lity of timber, bears a great affinity to the rear part of the adjoining seigniory of Lauzon, being much diversified by hill and dole and in many parts rocky, especially near the borders of the Chaudiere. It is most abundantly watered by numerous rivers and streams which traverse it diagonally, the chief of which is the Etchemin that crosses the S. from rear to front. Along the borders of these rivers are situated flourishing and well cultivated farms with comfortable dwellings. The roads are numerous o.iJ have been judiciously laid out at the suggestion of the seignior, who de- votes much attention to those and other objects (particularly the bridges erected over the various rivers) tending to the comfort of the inhabitants as well us to the general advancement of his S. and other properties which he holds in its vicinity. The road of communication from Quebec to the United States runs through the westeru extremity; a road also traverses the centre to the Etchemin, and many other roads communicate with the ad- joining seigniories. Slulistict of the Parish of Ste. Claire. Population 1,600 Clmrchcs, R. C. I Cures . . I Presbyteries . I Corn-mills . 1 Saw-roills Potteries . . 1 Brick>kilns . I Custoni-liuuscs I 8 Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns . ArtiMHs . 2 4 2 20 Anttual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Potatoes Horses Uxen Buihelt. . 7,800 . 5,:i0o . 3,900 . 21,200 456 368 Buiheli. : Cwti. Peas . 3,801 ! Maple sugar .-il2 Rye . 80 1 Hay, tons . 1,022 Indian com .501 J!blixed Grain 80 1 Live Stock, Cows Sheep . 72S Swine 1,150 Ti'le. — " Concession du 30me Avril, 1697, faite par Louit lie Buade, Gouvenieur, et Jean Boehart, Intendant, au Sieur Loui$ Jolliet, des islets qui sont dans la riviere des Trccliemiiit, au dessus du premier sault, contenant trois quarts de liouc ou environ, avec trois licues de terre de front sur pareille profondeur k prendre detni lieue au dessous des alts islets en montant la dite riviere, tenant d'un c6t^ k la Selgiieurie de Lauzon, et de I'autre aiix terres non-concedees."— Ar^Mrf ifliitendancc, JVb. 5, folio 15. JuGLBRs, River of, runs into the r. St. Mau- rice below the R. Pisnay. Jupiter River, runs into the St. Lawrence and is on the s. side of the Island of Anticosti. K. KaCOUATIHI, KaCUATIIIKUE OrCOMEATHIEV, river, runs into l. St. John. It is the only r. between the grand outlet of that lake and the R. Peribonea. It is of very little consequence and its stream is so much obstructed that its ascent is very difficult if not impracticable. Kacouna, v. Cacona. Kacuatiiieue (R.) v. Kacouatimi. Kamouraska, county, is bounded n. e. by the CO. of Rimouski ; e. w. by the n. e. boundary line of the S. of St. Roch des Aulnets, prolonged to the southern boundary of the province ; n. w. by the St. Lawrence, together with the islands in that river nearest to the county and in whole or in part fronting the same ; s. e. by the southern boundary of the province. This county comprises the seigniories of Terrebois, Granville and La- chenaye, I'lslet du Portage, Granville, Kamou- raska, St. Denis, Riviere Quelle and its aug. and u t V! mill K A M 8te. Anne ; alio the townships of Bungay, Wood- bridge and Ixworth. Its extreme length is 168 m. and its breadth 40 ; it contains 4320 square miles ; its centre is in kt. 47> 3' n. long 600 12 w. : it sends 2 members to the Provincial Parliament and the place of election is at Kainouraska. — The sur- face of this CO. is uneven and mountainous, par- ticularly in the s. e. section. The soil is in many places excellent and such as may be expected in a tract so much diversified with hills and dales. The principal mountains are the Machagos, the Esockominoc, the Bunjauohen, the Ootaquisque- gamook, the Machios, the Upquedopscook and the AUagash. This county is exceedingly well wa- tered by rivers and lakes ; the chief rivers are the Kamouraska and the St. John, which traverses the centre of the county from s. \v. to N. k., present- ing excellent lands for new settlements : farther in the iuterior are the rivers Allagash and Aroo- stook with their various branches. The most re- markable lakes are the Chipitogmisis, the Panta- guongamis and part of Eagle Lakes. — The front of this CO. along the St. Lawrence exhibits hand- some and flourishing settlements. The roads in general are very good, and the scenery is highly diversified and interesting. — It contains 5 parishes and 2 extensive and beautiful villages. Statistics. Population 13,744 1 Corn-mills Churches, R. C. 4 1 Sun'-mills . Cur^s . 4 : CardinK-inills Presbyteries 4 ' Kulliiig-miUs Convents • 1 Tanneries , Colleges • 1 , Potteries Schools . a Hat-nmnufuc. Villages . 'i Medical men Notaries Sliu|)keepers Taverns , Artisans River-craft Ship yards . Tonnage . Keel-boats 3 11 13 95 14 377 ;^1 Annual AgricuUural Produce. Wheat . Oats Barley , Potatoes Horses Oxen Buiheli. 109,191 4I,«)0 .•«,67A 241, OoO Bushels. Peas . 22,840 Rye . 10,275 Uuck wheat 1,200 Indian con. 5,0(30 Bushels. Mixed gr. 12,100 Maple sugar, cwts. 121 1 Hny, tons 32,91 1- Live StMk, 3,058 1 Cows 2,852 1 Sheep 8,955 1 Swine 26,490 I 4,558 Uu Kamouraska, river, is formed by the junction of two considerable branches called the Grand Bras and the Petit Bras, the latter rising in the S. of Rivirre OucUe and the former in the waste lands in the rear of that seigniory : these arms run N. k. and meet in the 4th concession of Kamouraska. The united streams run through the centre of that K A M S. in a very circuitous course and fall into the St. Lawrence opposite to Kamouraska Islands. The seignoriol mill is on this R. nearly 1 mile w. of the church of St. Pascal. Kamouraska, seigniory, in the co. of Kamou- raska, is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence ; N.K. by Granville; s. w. by St. Denis ; in the rear by Woodbridge and part of Bungay. — 3 leagues in depth by 2 in breadth. Granted, July 15, 1074, to Sicur de la Durantaie ; now the property of Pascal Tachi', Esq. — This very valuable and pro- ductive seigniory is remarkable for its salubrious climate, its population, the fertility of its soil and its delightful scenery. In the vicinity of the river the land is rather low, forming an extensive plain broken here and there by a few singular hillocks or rather rocks, crowned with a few dwarf pines and low underwood : it abounds with rich natural meadows and excellent pasturage that sufficiently account for the quantity and quality of the Ka- mouraska butter, so much esteemed in the Quebec market. The soil, in the front part generally, is excellent, being either a rich black mould, a yel- low loam, or a mixture of clay and sand : towards the rear it gradually becomes less fertile and one- fourth of the S. is occupied by ridges of rocks un- fit for cultivation. — Four concessions and part of the 5th are settled, and some of the redundant po- pulation occupy a portion of the waste lands to- wards the rear. The number of farms is 495. — There is not much timber except in the moun- tainous parts, which produce tine beech, birch, maple, basswood and pine. — This S. is watered by the R. Kamouraska, which runs from the rear through the centre to the St. Lawrence, and also by some small streams. — Several roads lead into the adjoining grants and many others open a communication with the different concessions, on which are numerous farm-houses in the midst of fields of most luxuriant fertility : the road leading from the church in the 3rd concession is particularly fine and beautiful, skirted by houses and agricultural buildings kept in the best order. — About one half of the S. is under cultivation and agriculture has made great progress : wheat and all kinds of grain seldom fail of abundant harvests; but these are not the only dependence of the farmer, for here are some of the best dairies in the province. — 19,000 bushels of wheat are sold out of the S. in grain and flour. Poultry is scarce. There is one corn-mill that drives 4 sets of stones ; it is built If! K A M () U R A S K A. half has gruin are here of stone, 2 stories high, and stands on the h. Kamouraska, in the 3rd range. The rent in ranges 1, 2 and 3 is 1^. 8d. per front arpent, and 2s. 6d. in the 4th range — The Parish of Kamoxraska includes the whole of this 8, and half of the iS. of Granville. There is no place in the county where flax is more cultivated than in this and the adja- cent parish — so much so that the inhabitants, above 20,000, make sufficient linen cloth for their use. The site for the new church of St. Pascal is 10 ar- pents in superficial extent, of which 4were liberally given for the purpose by Mr. Robertaille and (i were sold by that gentleman for £60, much under the value. — The Village oJ'Kamouraskais in a pleasant situation on the main road near the St. Lawrence. It consists of a church, a presbytery and about 60 houses, mostly uf wood, but a few arc built with stone in a style much superior to the others. Some families of great respectability have fixed their residence here, also some very reputable shopkeepers and artisans; it can likewise boast of one or two inns, where travellers may be well entertained. During the summer this village is enlivened by numerous visitors, who come hither to recruit their health, as it has the reputation of being one of the healthiest spots in the province ; it is also the watering-place, where many people resort for the benefit of sea-bathing. The manor- house, which is the residence of Air. Tach^'-, is eli- gibly situated near the river, at a short distance from the village. — There are only 2 schools at present in this rich and populous 8. ; one, supported by the Fabrique, is attended by about 30 scholars, including 10 girls ; the other, under the auspices of the Royal Institution, has about 40 scholars, including 10 girls : in the latter the English lan- guage is taught. A petition for the erection of a college in this parish was recommended to the House of Assembly by one of its committees, but without success. Mr. Tache, with his usual li- berality, offered to give a piece of land on which it might have been erected. — This seigniory is not without commercial advantages, besides its pro- ductive fisheries; and the Kamouraska .schooners are well known at Quebec for the large quantities of provisions they are laden with, such as grain, live stock, poultry, butter, maple sugar, &c., be- sides considerable freights of deal planks and other timber. — The Kamouraska Islands, in front of the seigniory, not only embellish the landscape but are highly useful as the sites of the fisheries, which are here carried on to a considerable extent, par- ticularly the herring fishery : they arc appendages to the S. and are almost bare rocks, of great utility as they aflbrd a safe shelter to small vessels, of which great numbers arc always passing to and from the numerous coves in the vicinity. The names of these small islands are Isle Brulc'e, on which stands a telegraph, Urossc Isle, I. au Patin, I. de la Providence, I. la Plaudre, I. auxComeilles. There are 6 fisheries, viz. 2 at I. mix Coriifilli-fi I lit I. aiix lluraiiirfi 1 near (Juj) uii Diable. 1 at I. ail I'ntin. I at I. UruKe. The fish caught are herring, shad, salmon, sardine, flounders and smelts, and the average annual pro- duce, besides what is consumed by the inhabitants, Darnli. Burreli. Herrings, about . 370 Sardine, about . aoo Shad . 150 Salmon . 150 The prices at which these fish are generally sold are — r barrel. Herrings, at from I3<. 6d. to 17f. dd. per barr Shad . . 20«. to 2m. ditto. Salmon . 10 to 1 2 dollars ditto, containing from 26 to 30. Sardine • 2'W. ditto, containing 8 tinettes. The fishing-seasons are during the months of May and June, and from the 15th of Aug. to the 15th of Oct. ; the best fish are caught in the autumnal season. Statistics. Population 5,495 Carding.mills Churches, R. C. 1 Fulling-niills CuTts . 1 Saw-mills . Presbyteries 1 Uat-manufact. Schools . 2 Medical men Villages . 1 Notaries Corn-mills 1 Shopkeepers Tavcnis Artisans River-craft . Tonnage Keel-boats . 6 4 39 8 »n 10 Annual AgricuUural Produce, Wheat Oats Bailey Horses Oxen Duihela, 3{),000 18,2(10 15,G00 Buiheli. Potatoes 1I0,(KI0 Peas . 9,100 Buiheli. Rye . 5,000 Mixed grain 5,000 Live Slock. l,f.50|Co'vs l,()5o{sbeep 2,5501 Swine 6,650 1 1,598 Title. — " Concession du 15me Jiiillet, 1674, faite par le Comtc dc Frontenac, Gouvemeur, au Sieur de la Duran- laif, qui contient trois iieues de terre de front, sur le Ceiive St. Laurent, savoir deux Iieues au dessus de la rivifre appeli'e Kanwuratka et une lieue au dessoua, icelle comprise, aver deux Iieues de profondeur dans les terres; ensemble les isles (taut au devunt des dites trois Iieues,"^ Ue^i$tre d'Intendance, Let. B. folio 30 el 31. u2 J in f *( '■iili; lili I :,' i! i K I G KANAfUROOMicHR, Uke, IS oit the N. K. side of the R. Ht. Maurice, into which its waters run. It lies at the s. w. end of the Iroquois portage, which leikds from it to the upper port of the R. Windigo. » Kaoihsa, river, rises in v. Wiscouamatche and runs into l. St. John ; it is 1 {, chain wide and runs from k. to n. ; the stream is very rapid and ii bounded on each side by high rocks. Kawatikouck (R.), v. Coaticook. Kkmpt Road, v. Roads. Kknnrbkc Road, t>. Roadh. Kknt and Stratiikrn (V.), v. Teuiscouata P«)nTAGK. KkNUAOOMI (L.), t'. KlOUAOOMI. Krnuagohisiiish (L.), v. Kiouaoomisbish. Kknwangomi (L.), v. Kiguagomi. Krnmvanoomisiiihii (L.),t). Kiouaoomisiiish. Kesikau, river, fulls into the St. Maurice above Mont au Cht^nc, about 300 m. above Three Rivers. The head of this tt. is connected by port- ages nnd lulccs with the r. Assuapnioussoin. Kktti.g Lake, v. Ciiaudierg, l. KicKANDATCH, river and lake. The R. runs through waste lands from the north into the head of the lake, which is the last of the chain of lakes that supply the first waters of the St. Klaurice. KiGUAOoMi, or Long Lake, called also Ke- Huagumi, Kemvangomi, K'mogami, Chinouagomi, Tsiamagomi and Tshnuagami, This beautiful lake lies on the left of the Chicoutimi and 7 leagues up that river. Its length is variously represented by travellers as from 5 to 9 leagues long and from half a mile to two miles in width, with an average breadth of nearly a mile. It is navigable for vessels of (JO or 80 tons, and by some accounts for vessels of at least 100 tons. An explorer, who states its length as only 5 or G leagues, says that it is so narrow that it resembles a river more than a lake. It is separated from another lake called Kigua- gomishish by a species of dividing ridge, about a mile or 1 \ mile long and half a mile wide, which separates tlic waters flowing southward directly into the Saguenay from those which, by pursuing a northernly course, first enter Lake St. John, a to{)ogruphic'al feature of rather unusual occurrence ; but it is said that this is not, strictly speaking, the case, because a small stream falls from Lake Kiguugomishish into Lake Kiguagomi. Although unusual, this is not a physical impossibility, with- out, indeed, as has been asserted, the waters of the K I G latter are higher than those of the former.— Sur- rounded by high rocky hills, some of which have barren cliffs about 200 ft. high. The southern borders rise into hills of about 300 feet high, timlwred with spruce, white birch and aspen ; the land is so rocky, and the cliffs appear in so many places, that this side of the lake is quite unfit for culture. The northern side, although not so mountainous, frequently rises in perpendicular cliffs of granite, whose base is bathed by the waters of the lake: their summits are clothed with cypress and a stinted description of pine, sometimes called Norway pine. The prevailing timber is white birch and there is neither ash nor elm — Po'mte au Sable, or Sandi/ Point, is a low bank of alluvial soil stretching into the lake from the northern shore. It lies at the entrance of a river and would be an excellent situation for a village. Opposite to it on the south side a small stream falls into the lake from between the high mountains which form its bed, and the cascade at its entrance afibnls a good site for a mill and similar establishments. About 4 miles from Pointe au Sable is a dry green bay, which appears to enter deep into the northern shore and to be free from mountains and rocky pre- cipices for some distance. It is the only place between Portage de I'Enfant, on the R. Chicou- timi, and the portage of Kiguagomi, where land fit for farming might be ex])ected to occur in any considerable extent. — Little can be said of Lake Kiguagomi in an agricultural point of view, but its sublime and beautiful scenery is highly extolled. Its length, its numerous rocky capes and bays, and its precipitous shores, cause it to resemble the Sa- guenay, hut its mountains are neither so high nor so barren. — The Portage Kiguagomi, also called In- sula Formosa or Belle Isle, is 96 chains in length and lies on the height of land which separates Lake Wiqui from Lake Kiguagomishish. KiGUAOoMisHisH, or Little Lake, called also KeiiuagomiKhish, Ketiivangomisfiish, Kinogumishish, Chinouagomin/iicfie, Tsiamagomishish and Tshmm- gamkshish. This lake, though 9 miles long if fol- lowed in its windings, is only 3 miles in a straight line, and varies in width from 220 yards to one mile. It is navigable for vessels of 30 or 40 tons. The narrow outlet that connects it with Belle Riviere, by which its waters are conveyed to Lake St. John, winds through alders and is called Riviere des Aulnais, This lake is about half a ' I K I L K I N league from Lake Kiguagomi, with which it ii suppiwed to be connected by the R. Baddcly. Its shores are low, interspersed with elm and ash and fit for cultivation, particularly the northern side. Although the immediate shore on its s. side is low, on retiring back from it the lands become ultimately as elevated as those on the northern shore of Lake Kiguagomi, of which they are pro- bably a continuation. Kii.DARK, township, in the co. of Derthier, lies in the rear of the aug. to La Valtrie and is bounded N. B. by D'Aillebout, D'Argenteuil and the aug. to Lunoraye and Dautraye; 8. w. by Rawdon and St. Sulpice ; in the rear by waste lands. — This tract is less than the half of a full inland township and was divided into 12 mnfres, eaii: of which is subdivided into ]2j^ lots. 11, OC''' acres were originally granted, under letters patent, to the late Mons. de la Valtrie, and recently a tract of 3,600 acres was granted to the Pasturus' family, leaving consequently, after deductin^^ iron, the whole extent of the township 2-7th8 as the reservations for the crown and the clergy, v.-hnli are laid out in blocks, but a small qMit-ntity of land for the military locations, still reduu:ci b. Major Colclough's grant of 1,800 acres, at present under letters patent. This t. is most eligi'.'iy situated and contains excellent lands, which arc as far as the 9th range generally level ; beyord this it assumes an uneven and mountainous ap- pearance. Most of the lands are susceptible i>^ cultivation ; there are some rocks, and the soil is a gray earth and clay covered with black mould ; some parts are yellow and sandy but fit for agri- culture. The portion granted to the late Mr. Vondenvelden has been about 20 years settled. The timber is chiefly hard wood, and the t. is watered by the rivere L'Assomption, Rouge, iind Blanche. — The road traversing this t., Ix"' .en the 5th and 6th ranges, is in high order ari vv.-ii settled on both sides by Canadians ; it is the Ici^ti- ing road into Rawdon. The Canadian settle- ments in the 4th, 5th and 6th ranges, p»-» cularly the 5th and 6th, are in a flourir^liir :; conditio^. The new emigrant settlementf, f' ^.od under the care of Major Colclongh m J8il, have made much progress; and onntain a neat vilkge built near the n. e. line ; it is approached by a fine road that traverses the greater pnrt of the t. between the 7th and 8th ranges, having good bridges and from the village it leads into Berlhier. All the Canadian settlements are worthy of partic^ilar notice, in consequence uf the domestic happiness and rural comforts of the inhabitants and the good state of their roods and bridges. — The lands arc conceded on terms similar to those of the seignio- ries. — In this T. is a great natural curiosity, a cavern discovered by two young Canadian pea- sants while hunting the wild cat. — I'ltgraHted and unlncaled, 874 acres. KiLKBNNT, township, in the co. of Lachenaye, is bounded n. r. by Rawdon ; !<. w. by Aber- cromby; in front by the S. of Lachenaye and the aug. to Terrebonne ; in the rear by waste lands. Although it has the usual breadth of an inland to'vntihip, it (Yintains a loss than usual superficial extent on i»>\o'jc'f el' the obliquity of the rear lin- .1 of ihfj s«;ig»ior!"s in its front. The general leaUiTts <>r ti\r. x. 's mountainous and uneven ; ar\r^ ).a siAine vUce^ it rises in grradual swells, in ot'.K.'T pv.vU til'? surface is broken and rocky. The Tjiotit mouniji.nDUS |)art seems to traverse the 0th and 10th Yi.ngei; the"?- n. iin ImuI descends '^y ciisy filopfjs beyond tho • nr oatlinuandforiris . vulley ihrnu;;;!! \v.»ich it '« "jj-jiospd Ncr*h Riv( r .lows, Vei:iilii.'irig the Ipnd. on each side- ivh 'ch are r-puted to be ex:' ;knt. Notwithstanf^i . ?'ie unevenn; ■' ard ir"',-iii\iluKity of the surfatt, the soil generally is by vio means unfi' lof the plough, thctigli ^'n- ferju- to th'^t of JRawdun and Kil^hre.— ii> (. i» nbundantly watered by rivers and numcr.'■ stjd near the rear boundary line; the w. bTunrii t i the r. Petit Esprit also risr . in the N. K. part of this t. The principal mkcs are called Killamey ; t?iBy lie in the :;. w. t.ngle ; the largest is studded with ):ilaniis and extends 6 m. in length and its extreme width is 1^ ni.— There arc no roads, not even one to the settlement of New Glasgow, lyins less than 1} m. from the s. e. hoiindary. — Tho Rev. Mr. Burton, who resides in Kawdon, I.as the agency of this township, but from its having l)een only recently surveyed, little or no progress has been made in respect of settle- ments, except by a few Irish emigrants, who have without any legal authority settled, promiscuously, in various parts of the t. KiNGiiAN, river, rises in 2 small lakes in the 6th range of Grenville, and winds to the s. w. to its junction with the Ottawa at the basin, about 8 chains above the w. extremity of the cunal. This river is not of great magnitude, bi:' it is ex- tremely rapid down to ihe 2nd range. ■i s ) )l . ! ! V I 31 ill II ! KIN KiNOSEY, township, in the co. of Druniinond, lies on the e. bank of the b. St. Francis and is bounded N. w. by Simpson; b. k. by Shipton and in the rear by Warwick. A line drawn from w. to E. would nearly separate the two qualities of land that compose this t. The front and the side next to Shipton arc of the best quality, and produce beech, birch, maple, butternut, bass- wood and oak timber. The parts adjoining Warwick and Simpson are low and swampy, covered with cedar, spruce fir and similar woods. — Several branches of the Nicolet water it advan- tageously enough ; on the banks of these streams a few settlers have established themselves, but the greatest appearance of cultivation is in front, on the St. Francis, where some industrious farmers have made great progress ; their successful ex- ample will be likely to attract other settlers of .similar habits, and in a few years, from the na- tural fertility of the soil, aided by their exertions, this in all probability will become a popukns and thriving township. The principal proprietors are the heirs of the late Major Sam. Holland, late sur- veyor-general, and the heirs of the late Dr. Geo. Longmore: » small proportion is held by the family of Donald Maclean. — Ungruntcd and un- located, 12,100 acres. Statklks, Pupulutiuii . 30(i AiiHiiiil Agricultural Produer. Wheat Oatx IJarley UushelB. . .t,7 v. Lakb op Two Mountains. Lacuenaye, county, in the district of Mont- real, is bounded n. k. by the co. of L'Assomp- tion ; 8. w. by the co. of Terrebonne ; in the rear by the province line; in front by the St. Law- rence. It comprehends the parishes of Lachenaye^ St. Henry de Mascouche and St. Roch, and the townships of Kilkenny andWexford. Itsextremc length is 39 miles and its brendth 13, containing 299 square miles ; its centre is in lat. 45° 43' n. long, 73" 30* w. It sends two members to the Provincial Parliament and the place of election is at St Roch. The principal rivers are the Achi- gan, Mascouche and St. Esprit, and it contains the Killarney and several minor lakes. The sur- face, generally, is level, except in the township of Kilkenny, where there are a few rising grounds. Statistics. Populntion I4,H7.5 j Com-mills . Churches R.C. 4{Saw-inillH . Churches, Pro. I . Carding-milU Cur** . \ Fiilliiif^-niills Presbyteries ■!■ : Potanlierics . Schools >'illagcg Peurlu^lieries .Inst, of Peace .Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans .1 18 lUO Annual AgiicuUural Produce. Huihelf. 48,100 4.'l,i»jO (i,l.'«) Potatoes 2UI,57U Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen MLilCoH-s ,'i,580|Sheep Buihrli. Peus . 2I,58H Hyo . 3,(tl0 Uiii'k wheat 7(10 Indian <-oni 9,UU0 Live Slock. 8,2.WI Swine 20,.)*KJ| Buihrlt. .Mixed grain l,!K)0 Maple sugar, cw t». 401 Hay, tons .•J.I.IOO 8,jjO Lachrnaye, seigniory, in the co. of Lache- naye, is bounded n. e. by L'Assoniption ; ». w. by Terrebonne, Desplaincs and the augmentation to Terrelxmne; in the rear by the t. of Kilkenny ; in front by the ii, St. Jean or Jesus. — The originnl extent included the fief L'Asaomption, and was granted April 1(J, 1047, to Pierre Lcgardcur, Sicur de Ilepcntigny, and contained 4 le»giies in front by (i in dcptli : this tract wiis afterwards equally divided into the present seigniory and f'lcf, and the former is the property of Peter Panginan, Es9 arc the same as those charged at that time for the lands in the parish of St. Ilenry. Iiic8 the |ul linvc grunted jut thut ry- LA ^ ^ Statistics of the Parishes of St. Henri/ de Mascouche and Larhenaye. Pariihef. St. HcnrydcMagcoucbe Lachenaye . . . 2357 1249 ;j60f> £ 1 ! .... 1 1 1 : I E I I 1 1 1 5 8 1 I I 1 50 ParUhra. XdiiuaI \iiTicullurnl Pritdure. in tmstit'U. J Live Stock. i is i 1 1 ! 1 f St. Ileiirj'deAIuscoiiche Lacbenaye . ■ . . laioo 7000 10400 3jOO 2fi00 2J0 7800 1,>88 'JoHH 15.J0 720 l!)jO .•«ioo lOOJ 4«»(»j 6000 . 2500 ;«K)o 1 mxt ■^(»i(x» 1 lanoo 'JHiO 2iJjO ' 27j(> yj/Zf. — •' Confession en date Au IGmc Avril, Iftl7, fiiito par la Coinnugriie, a I'krre Lrgardiiir, Siciirrff rtc/iciifi^'fii/. de (iimtre liiues de ttrre d prendre 1,' lon^ dii Heuve SI. Laiinnt, du eoti; du Nord, tenant d'une jmrt mix terres ei- devaiit foni'^ilees aux Sieiirs Cherrkr et Lrrni/cr, en nioii- tnnt Ic long dii dit lle\ive St. Liiiirriit, depiiis la ho.-ne <|ui sera niise eiitre Ics dites terres de° Sieurs Clurrlrr et l.c- royer et cdlen-ri a present eone^dees, jnMni'aii dit espaec de quatre lieues, au(|uel endroit sera niise nne mitre borne ; la dite rtendue de qiiutrc lIciieB sur six lieues de profoiu deur dap« Ics terres." — Cahkrs d'Inlcnd. Xo. 10 .')2, to IM. Chavigny de hi Chevrotit re ; it is now possessed by Ikl. de la Chevrotit re, a lineal descendant of the I)enon who first received the grant. — The soil generally possesses considerable fertility, and is well suited to the produce of wheat and other grain, though not more than one third of it is under tillage. The surface is uneven. The banks of the St. Lawrence in this S. arc high, the beach rocky and irregular, and the batturcs or shoals run out to a considerable distance. — Beech, maple, and some excellent pine timber arc found close to the river. — The S. is watered by many small streams besides the river Stc. Anne, that crosses it near its rear limit, and the Chevrotiere, that winds along the middle about (i m. ; this little river rolls its slender stream between two lunks of con- siderable elevation, and, after crossing the ridge in front, descends into the St. Lawrence through a valley, in which by the side of the main road are a dwelling-house, a corn and a saw-mill, most delightfully situated. On the west bank of this river the road is rather difficult, from its steep- ness and circuitous course ; but, on the opposite side, the rise is gradual and easy of ascent to the top of the eminence along which it passes onwards to Quebec: Ix'-sides thi.s main road, there are several others running in diil'erent directions. On the siiminit of the elevation, and on each side of the iiighway, are many handsome farms, in a gootl state of improvement. — Many of the inhabitants are cither sailors or shipwrights, and l\ or 4 sduKaiers. and sometimes a brig of 200 tons, are built within the year. Tillf " Oil n'u pii Ini'ivir le litre de I'elte roiiees>.ii)ii nil Itiireuii (111 Si'iretaire, iii duns le icuutis, k li'ilu au priipiii- i'l; If I 4 |«!|^f)1 L A (aire de Deichambaull, i laquelle elle est restre reiinie M)ug le nom de cette demiere. Suivant les arpentaf^es que nous avons de cette partie, ce« deux concessions r^unies occu- pent deux Ueues de front sur trois lieues dc profondeur." Lachine Canal, v. Canals. Lachink (V. and P.), v. Montreal, S. Lac MiTia (S.)> v. Mitis. La Colle or Beaujeu, seigniory, in the co. of Acadie, is bounded N. by Ue Lery, s. by the state of Vermont, in the rear by Hemmingford, in front by the r. Richelieu. — 2 leagues in breadth by 3 in depth. Granted March 22, 1743, to Sieur de Beaujeu, and is now the property of General Christie Burton. — Towards the front the land is rather low, with some few swampy patches, which excepted, the soil is in general good and very well timbered : in the rear the land is much higher, and, although partially intersected by strata of rocks and veins of slone, lying a little below the surface, the soil is rich and perhaps superior to the lower lands. On these upper grounds there is much beech, maple and elm timber ; the wet places afford abundance of cedar, tamarack, spruce fir and hemlock. Although the greatest part of this S. is very eligible for the purposes of cul- tivation, and would produce all sorts of grain abundantly, besides being peculiarly well suited to the growth of hemp and flax, there is not more than one third settled. — The river La Colle, winding a very sinuous course from west to east, intersects it and falls into the Richelieu. — A number of houses, situated on each side of the road tliat runs along the ridge from the state of New York, about '2\ miles towards La Colle, have obtained the nome of Odell Town from Cap- tain Odell, who was one of the first and most active settlers in this part : he is an American by birth, and so are the greatest part of the other inhabitants, but they are now in allegiance to the Englinh go- ^rnment. The effect of the activity and good husbandry, natural to American farmers, is much to be admired in this small but rising settlement: the fields are well tilled and judi- ciously cropix'd, the gardens planted witli economy and the orchards in full bearing; above all, the good roads in almost every direction, but par- ticularly towards the town of Champlain, attest their industry ; and it is likely, from its vicinity to the thickly inhabited townships on the American side of the boundary, the small distance from Champlain, Plattsburgh and Burlington, the easy L A access to the Richelieu for expeditious water car- riage, and especially from the persevering labour of its population, that Odell Town will advance in agricultural improvement and become wealthy and flourishing. — This S. is divided into 9 con- cessions, which are all settled. — The village of Burtonville is one mile s. w. of the road leading from Montreal to Champlain. — Lacolle Parish includes all the seigniory only, and the church is on the Montreal road 2 miles from the province line. — Near the mouth of the river La Colle is Isle aux Tetes, or Ash Island, on which there is a redoubt commanding the whole breadth of the Richelieu. This little spot and the flotilla moored between it and La Colle, in July 1814, formed the advanced naval position towards Lake Cham- plain, at which period the American flotilla was stationed at Pointe au Fer and Isle a la ^lotte, about ten miles distant. Statistics. Population 1,081 : Hat-manufuct. I Corn-mills . 1 | I'otterics . 1 I I Putiisherios . 3 1 I Pearlusberies 'i 4 I Distilleries . 1 I Just, of Peace 1 Corn-mills C Harding-mills Fulling-mills 8iiw.mil Is Tanneries Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Tiivcrns Arlisuns KecUliouts 1 I 7 e 28 :i .Itiiiiiiil .tj;i\ciiUural I'lViliice. Wheat Oats Barley Hordes Oxen llusheU. Buihett. 19,(KH)! Potatoes :^J,000 1G,0(K) ; Peas . -^.(lao .i,0«H) Hve . 280 UuiheU. Indian corn 2,3(H) Lite Stock. OfKII Cows 1,0001 Sheep 1,560 1 Swine i,goo| 1,080 Tilli:—^' Concession du 8me Avril, 173.'J, faite par Charhi Marquii de Bcniiharmih, Uouverneur, ct Gtlle-i lloequart, luteiidant, au Sieur Louit Dciiit de la Monde, de deux lieues dc terru de front sur trois lieues de profon- deur, bornei- du cot^ du Nord par la Seigneurie nouvelle- nient concedee au Sieur Clmunreroi de Leru, et sur la meme llgne ; et au Sud par une llgtie tir/e Est ct Ouest du niondc ; sur le (levant ])ar In riviere Chamhiy, et sur le derriire a trois lieues joignant aux tcrres non.conetdics, et en outre lu petite isle <|ui est audcssus de I'isle aux Tilet. — Cette concession est iiccordtc de noiiveau au Sieur Daiiirl LUiiard de Beuujeu, par litre date 22me Mars, 174«J. Vo)e» Reg. d' Intend. Xo 0, folio 10."— Hdghtrc d'Jiilend. (HUT, Xo. 7,J'(i!iii Hi. La Colle, ri\'er, in the >S. of La Colle, winds a very Kinucnis course from w. to k. and fulls into the R. Richelieu ()pix)sitc to Ash island. It i.s not navignMe even fur canoes. Odell Town is built near its southern source, and La Colle mill is erected about one mile from its mouth. At the numerous rapids on this r. are many excellent situations fur mills. LA Lac Ouabbau, v. Ouareau. Lac Vkrt, near Lake St. John, is called by the Indians KatushikSomi, the " lake of clear water," a name very well applied, as the waters are so ''lear, that the bottom of the lake can be discovered at the depth of several fathoms ; possessing, at the same time, a green tinge that has given it the French name: the waters of this l. contrast most singularly with those of Lake Tsiamago- mishish, which are of a whitish colour, not pos- sessing any degree of transparency. Lac Vert is about 1| m. long and almut f m. brond, exhibit- ing on its borders a boldness of scenery peculiarly attractive. A succession of high mountains ranges from the west along the south borders of the lake, leaving but a very narrow strip of culturahle ground between it and the foot of the monntiuns, which are clothed with spruce, fir and pine. On the north side there is but a narrow tongue of land, which divides Lac Vert from l. Tsiamago- mishish, on which is some tolerably good red pine, some white pine, spruce and white birch. The west end of the lake is low and level for some considerable distance, the land is of good quality and well timbered with spruce, birch, cedar, fir and some pine. In the channel between the two lakes, during a late survey, a piece of bark folded, and set in a particular direction on a pole, was seen, on which was delineated by some Indian hunters the course that they had taken up some particular river, and which had most probably been leCt there ns an information for some other Indian hunters who were about to join them. This is a mode of rendezvous used by the Abenaquis and Algonquin nations, who very likely harl visited this place, and were then returning towards their own grounds, as appeareil by the direction of the rivers. La Durantaie, seigniory, and augmentation, in the co. of Bellcchnsise, front the St. Lawrence. Bounded k. \v. by Beaumont ; N. k. by Ber- thicr ; in the rear by the t. of Armagh and the 8. of St. Oervais. — 2 leagues in breadth by 2 in depth. Granted Oct. 20th, 1672, to Sieur de la Durantaie : the augmentation, of the same dimen- sions, was granted to Sicur do la Durantaie, May 1st, l(ti>3 — The grant and augmentation arc now divided in equal proportions into the two seigniories of St Michel and St. Vallier, to which the reader is referred. L A K TUIe.—" Concenion du 29ine Ortohre, 1672, faite par Jean Talon, Iiitenilant, au S'?>.;r de h Durantaie de d«ux lieues de terre df front Kiir autaiit de prcfundvur, a prendre sur le rieiive SI. Laurent, tenant d'un 'cott k demi arpent au deli du Sault qui est sur la terre du Sieur Dctitleti, et dc I'autre le raiial Brllechaitr, icrlui lion romprix, par- devunt le fleiivc St. iMurent, et piir drrrif re les terrea non- conc^di'es.— Le canal dc BcUechaiK etoit si pcu ronnu au terns de cettc conression, que les parties y int<'res!i<'es ne })ouvant convenir de Icurs burnes, des experts iionimt's par a Cour detcrmindrent que la pointe de Bclkchatte stpare- roit les deux Seigneiiries de la Durantaie ct de Berlhicr.'^ —Rigiitre d'lntendance. No. I, folio J. Aiigmentalion. — " roncession du Jer IVIdi, 1603, faite au Sieur de la Durantaie, par Loui' ae Buadc et Jean Boc- hart, Intendunt, de deux lieues "c terre de profondeur a prendre uu bout et oil se terinine la profondcui de son fief de la Duranlttic, sur pareille largcur du dit lief, qui a en- viron trois lieues de front, borne d'un c<"it£ au Siid-onest Riix terres do Beaumont et au Noid-est aiix relies de Ber. tliier. — La Dnraiilmc diSere, i|uant au front dc celui de I'auginentation : ce front, est sur le tcrrein de deux lieuee eiiiqiiante arpeiis. Par ordre de la four rctte Seigncurie avvc son iiiipneiitatioii a ctediviscc en deux parties I'-gales I'diinui's iiujdiird'hui, savoir, eelle du Sud-oiirst sous le iioni de St. Michel, et eelle du Nord-est sous celui dc St, Valirr."— Uigi$tre d'lntendance, Let. I), /olio 13. La Frksnay, fief, in the co. of L'Islet, was granted, Nov. 3, 1672, to Sieurs Gamache and Bclleavance. f league in front by 1 league in depth along the St. Lawrence, between a conces- si(m granted to Demoiselle Amiot and that of Sicur Fournier. Title. — " f'oncession du 3me Novenibre, 1672, faite par Jian Talon, Intendant, aux Sieurs Camache et Billravance, d'uiie deini lieue de terre sur line lieiie de profondeur. i prendre sur le lleiive St. Laurent, deiiuis lu concession de la Ueinoiselle Amiot, tirant vers eiile du Sieur Four- iiler."^Kigistrc d'liitenilancc, \o. i,J'olio !i6. Lait, au, a small stream that falls into the s. w. side of the n. St. Maurice, above the N. Bastonais, r. Lake Temiscouata (S.), t^, Madawaska. Lake ok Two Mountainh, seigniory and aug- mentation, are bounded w. by Argenteuil and Chatham Gore; e. by Biviere du Chi'ne; in the rear by aug. to M illes Isles and waste lands ; in the front by the lake of Two Mountains — This S. and its augmentations were granted at three scpnrnte periods ; the S. was granted Oct. 1 7) 1 7' 7. and contains, ae by title, 3 J leagues in front by 3 in depth. The Ist augmentation was granted Sept. 26, 17-^i and contains about 2 leagues in front of the lake. The 2nd augmentation was gnmted Mar. 1, 173<'>, containing 3 leagues in depth and in the rear of the former grant. The entire property was granted to the ecclesiastics of the seminary at Montreal, from whom it has never been alienated. — The soil is very favmirutile, in x2 (,! I 11' ~ i.!l> 7 i:- a" t > 1 ^ 'i ■' 1 '^ 1^ 1 ■ • 1 1 , LAKE OF TWO MOUNTAINS. many parts consisting of a fine strong loam with a mixture of rich black earth. The surface is uneven but never varies into prejudicial extremes ; bordering on the lake, in the vicinity of the Indian village, it is of a moderate elevation, thence w. to the Ebotdis it gradually sinks into a flat, from which it rises again near the boundary of Argcn- teuil : E. of the village, nearly to the S. of Riviirc du Ch^e, runs a low heath having a large bay on one side of it. At a short distance from the front are the two conspicuous mountains tliut give the name to both seigniory and lake ; one of them is called Mount Culvaire, on whose summit are the remains of some buildings which have long borne the appellation of the Seven Chapels. To- wards the interior the gi'ound declines below the level of the front ; further to the rear are some ranges of heights that assume rather a moun- tainous character, but in the spaces between them are many excellent situations for settlements. — This S. is very well watered by the Grande and Petite Riviere du Chrne, the Riviere du Nord and the Riviere au Prince, which in their course work several corn and saw-mills. — Tiie influence of the reverend proprietors in promoting industry and directing it towards useful labours is strongly exemplilicd in the flourishing state of their pro- perty, as upwards of three-fourths of it is divided into 6(il lots or concessions, by much the greater number of them settled upon and well ci'ltivated, producinir grain of all sorts, pulse and other crops, with a suHicient ((uantity of good meadow and p..sture land. Alwut KKJ farms are unconcedcd, of which about ITjO are on the mountains and are generally considered unfit for eultiv.ition; there are no roads over these londs and they are not yet surveyed. No farms were conceded prior to \1>>9, the first concession being made in \'Ki. — The rivers are small and are called La (irar.-v.- ^iuie, which never wants water for the mill, Le Ruis- seau Glaise and Le Ruisscau dcs Nigres, ull well adapted for mills. The augmmtitiou in the rear is traversed by the llivirre du Nord. — Some ouk and pine tinilierare found in some places, hut beech, maple, birch and other inferior kinds are plentiful in the woods. — In this S. are two Indian villages, one inhaliited l)y the Algonquins, the other by the Iroijuois. The former contains 7<' houses, the latter Tili ; U leagues are reserved for the use of the Indians and the whole i* fit for culture, ex- cept the summit of the mountains, which is in pinery and contains perhaps half a league square. Besides the grounds where they cut beech hay, the Indians have grazing land, extending ^ a league in front by 15 arpents in depth, from the mission farms. — The Indian population amounts to 887, viz. : — Missionary establis^bment!) ]l'U({ll0iH AlguiiquiiH Chiefs of Iroquois Cliic'fs of Algonquins AVoineri Boys Girls 250 282 887 .3 4. 383 \n 123 The village of the Algonquins is a liule lower down than that of the Iroquois. Of the two tribes the Iroquois are the more agricultural and industrious ; but the Algonquins, though more indolent, are more addicted to hunting. They cultivate patches of land in ditferent parts of the S., selecting other places for tillage after culti- vating those for a few years. There are 132 con- stantly resident, each of whom may be said to cul- tivate 3 acres, which are cropped with Indian corn, peas and potatoes and a iew oats. The priests are entitled to tithes of the Indian corn. — This mission was originally placed on the moun- tains of Montreal, ui'terwards transferred to Sault Ics RecoUets, and lastly to this place. The mis- sion consists of ;i priests and 2 sisters of the con- gregation ; the latter are occupied in imparting religious instruction to the Indian children : the priests are a superior and 2 missionary priests, one for each tribe. There is one chapel in each vil- lage, and U houses, including the seminary and nunnery, are built of stone. The Calvaire con- sists in 7 chapels ))laccd on the suuunit of the mountains; they are built of stone, about ar- pents from each other except the lust tiiree, which are together : the principal chapel, where the Cal- vaire is, may lie about 2'> ft. by lo, the others alxjut 12 ft. by lo. Tliere are mis.sion farms, which are very productive, all at the foot of the Calvaire, or Seven Ch.ipels ; some of them are 22 arpents in front by •{(( in depth, otliers It aqicnts iii front by 25 in depth. They are all in high cultivation, and -rds of the total are under crops and ]rd in good meadows along the moun- LAKES. tains. The priests have a corn-mill on the river 2 farms are attached to it, each 3 arpents in front of the Great Buy, about 2 m. from the village, and hj 15 in depth. Slatulics of the Parishes of St. Benoil and St, Scholastique. Pariihef. St. Benoit St. Scholastique I 3 B. 301-2 7706 .5 3 I >: i 30 Parishci. Anmial AKruullural Hi<«lut'e, in l)U»hil«. l.l\e.M(K'k 1 i is 1 i E £ 1 8 -: 1 1 1 1 1 St. Benoit . St. Scholastique 20800 11700 23400 14300 520 9100 200 5200 I3(KJ 6,"j0 910 I5()0 1200 (K)0 1800 1000 800 luou 800 244)() 4000 1200 1200 800 32500 37700 780 14300 1950 24(K) 52(«» 2000 te par Philippe de Jiigaud, Gouvcnieur, et Michel Btgon, In. tcndant, aux Eccle-iiastiqiies du Srininaire de SI. Sulpiir, I'tabli a Monlrial, d'un tcrreiti de truis licues et deinie de front, a commencer au ruisseau qui tonibe dans la gninde bale du Lac dei Deux Mtnitagnri, et en remontant le long du dit Lac dei Deux Monlagitet et du lleuve St. Laiirenl, sur trois lieues de profondeur." — Rigiiire it Iiitendance, Xo. a, folio 9. — Cahiert d'liiteud. Rat. de la Conceitimi. " Vn brevet de ratification de I'octroi immrdiatcment suivant, en date du ler Mars, 1735, acrordc une auginen. tation de trois lieues dans les terres faisant ensemble six lieues de profondeur pour cette Seigncurie." Autre Augvientation au Lac dei Deux Montagiiet. " Concession du 26me Sejpte-.iibre, 173.'J, faite par Cliarlm Marquii de Beauhnrnoit, Oouverneur, et Gillct llocquart, Intendant, aux EccU'siastiques du Si-minaire de St. SuU pkt, de Parit, d'une rtendue de terre non concedi'e, entre la ligne de la Seigneurie a])partenante aux representans Ics feus Sieurs de Langluiurie et Pelit, et cclle de la Sei- gncurie du Lac dct Deux Afunlagnet, ajipartenante au dit S^minaire sur le front d'environ deux lieues sur le I.ac del Deux Mmitagnei, le dit luc aboutissant a un angle forme par les deux ligncs ci-dessua, dunt Ics rumbs de vent ont M r^lfs savoir, celle de la Selgneurie du Lac del Deux Moutiignct, Sud quart de Sud-uue!>t ct Nord c)uurt de Nord-cst par arret du (Jonscil Snprritur du 5me Oetobre, 1722; et celle des Sieurs Langloitrrie ct Pilit, Sud-oufht et Nord-ouest qui est le runib de vent regie pour toutes les Seigncnrics situt'es sur Ic Heuve St. Laurent, par reglcmont du dit Conscil du 2(imc Alai, 1070, Art. 28; avec les isles et islets nun conttdi'-s et batturcs udjiiccntcs a la dit rtendue de terre,"— H^giitre d'lntcndancr, No. 7, folio H. Lakks. — Those not indmhd in the futlou-hig alphubetkal list are desci ilird under t/idr ajmijic names. — L. Burnston, in the t. of Burnston, near the rciir line, is the expansion of a considerable stream that runs into Lake Tonicfubi. — L, Benoit lies on the n v.. side of the n. Siiguenay and dis- charges its waters by a small stream into that li. nearly opposite Ha Ila Bay. — L. Bewildered, w. of the n. St. Alaurice and on the route towurils Great Goldfinch Lake. — Black Lake, in the ."Jth range of the t. of Ireland, a small part of it lying in the waste lands between tliat t. and Culeraine. Its waters are supplied by many small streams from Thctford and by several lakes in Coleraino and the intermediate waste lands. It gives rise to Black Stream, which runs into Trout Lake. — L. Bon/iomme, in the S. of Fauscmbault. — /.. a f '«- poc/ie, in the S. of St. Vallier, is one of the sources of a small stream that runs into the N. k. side of the R. du Sud. — L. of Clear Water lies near tlic N. K. end of L. Oskelanaio. — L, la Cnlullr, in shape something like the article of dress from which it appears to t)c named, is part of the chain of lakes that supply the first waters of the n. aux Lievrcs. — L. i'ulintcndi, v. Aux Pins, n. — L. D'ahaouilo, v. Noii-oui-LOO.— L. Eqiierre, in the T. of Buckland, is one of the sources ot the Riviere des Abenaquis. — L. a Gendron, in the concession Ste. Marguerite, in the S. of St V'allicr; the source of a small stream that runs into the n. n. side of the b. du Sud. L. Goldfinch, the first of the chain of lakes that supply the N. E. branch of the H. aux Lievrcs. — Grand Lac, v. Lac St. Joachim. — L, of the Graves, in the waste lands of the CO. of Bcrthier, lies near the district line and ». of Lake Kempt, into which it empties itself — 1 ' ;M i i^ i . ! , i Hli U!: ) 1 ( III 'I III LAKES. L. dea Hurons, in the 8. of St. Vallier, gives rise to the N. branch of a small stream that falls into the N. E. side of R. du Sud. — Indian Grave Lake, in the CO. of St. Maurice, near the head waters of the R. Matawin. — L. Irion, nearly in the centre of the T. of Clarendon, divides the division line between the 8th and 9th ranges. — L. John, near the 8. w. angle of the aug. to Monnoir, is the source of South- West River : on the front line of Chatham Gore it discharges its waters into Davis River. — L. Kajouula ng, v. North Bastonais, r. — L. Kasnshikiomi„v. ^ . Verte — L.Kawashganish, near the s. w. bank of the St. Sfaurice, into which its waters run, a little below Rat River. — L. Kempt, a large lake with numerous islands, be- tween the head waters of the r. aux Lievres and Matawin r. and lake. — L. Kenuagomi, v. Ki- OUAOOMI. — L. Kenuagomishish, v, Kiouaoomi- »Hi»n. -Kettle Lake, v. Chauoiere, l. — L. Ki- larnei/, v. K i lkenn Y, t. — L. of the Lievres, a chain of lakes running from n. to s., forming the com- mencement of the N. w. branch of the r. omk Lievres. — Little Lake, in the S. of Madnwoska, empties itself into Lake Temiscouata by a small stream that crosses the Portage. — Little l. Ste. Marie, towards the rear of the S. of Malhay ; it empties itself by a stream into the R. Malbay. — L. Lomond, in the 8. w. part of the t. of Inverness, is fed by the waters of several streams and lakes descending from Halifax, and discharges itself into the R. Clyde. — Long Lake, s. w. of the S. of Ma- dawaska, is about 16 m. long and its average width about a mile. It is the source of the R. Cabineau. v. Kiguaoomi. v. Bastonais, r. — L. Macanamack, in the t. of Woburn, is of a very irregular shape ; it discharges itself into L. Me- gantic. — L. Mantalagoose, near the head waters of Ribbon River: its shape is singularly irrc- gtilar. — L. a Maria, in the S. of St. Vallier, dis- charges itself into the Riviere Noire. — L- Matawin, between lakes Kempt and Shasawataisi, gives rise to a short river of the same name. — L. a Michel, in the rear part of the S. of Berthier ; one of the sources of the Riviere Noire. — Middle Lake, v. Necsiwackiha. — L. Mistake, an expansion of the R. aux LitWres just below Long Island — L. Morin, in the concession St. Louis, in the S. of St. Vallier, discharges its waters into the N. E. side of the r. du Sud. — L. Naime, of a circular form, cuts the rear of the S. of Murray Bay : it receives the waters of h, Anthony and empties itself by a stream that runs into the R. Malbay. — L. Necouta, v. Assuaphoussoin, l.— L. Necsiwackiha or Middle l., one of the sources of the R. Toledo. — L. det NJiges, the source of the R. Montmorenci. — L. Nekoaba, v, Askatiche, r. — L. Nemicachinqni, a long lake extending n. and s. containing several small islets, between lakes Cu- lotte and Goldfinch, forms part of the chain of lakes at the n. b. source of the R. aux Lit-vres. — — Nesse Lake, in Chatham Gore. — L. Nixon, 30 chains from the R. Baddely on the same side of L. Kiguagomishish ; 36 chains long and 10 wide : its banks do not exceed 25 ft. in height ; the land is of a strong and superior quality. — L. Noh- oui-loo, V. Pkribonka, r. — L. O'Cananshing, in the T. of Caxton; its n. w. end penetrates the county division-line separating Champlain from St. Maurice. It empties itself into the r. Sha- wenegan. — L, Ontaritzi or St. Joseph, in the S. of Fausembault, receives the little r. aux Pins and discharges itself into the R. Jacques Cartier. — fj. Orsale Wallayamuch, v. Abawsisquash. — L. Oskelanaio, the source of the R. St. Maurice, is 27 m. long from n. r. to s. e. and 4 m. wide L. Papineau, is a large lake lying partly in the aug. to Grenville and partly in the S. of La Petite Nation. It gives rise to the main branch of the R. Petite Nation. — L, Patitaouaganiche, v. Aska- tiche, R. — L. Peakquagomi or Peakuagami, the Indian name for Lake St. John. — L. des Per- chaudes forms the s. w. comer of the t. of Cax- ton; it is about 1 m. nearly square. — L. Pitt, in the t, of Halifax, about 5 m. long and ^ m. wide, extends nearly from the 6th to the 10th range and communicates by a small channel with l. William, whence the waters discharge into the r. Clyde. — L. Pothier, one of the lakes that supply the N. E. branch of the R. aux Lievres. — L. Pre- vast is near the n. k. angle of the S. of Kboule- mens ; its waters supply a small stream that runs into the Little R. Molbay. — Pyke's Lake is a small lake on Pyke's Settlement, in the t. of Frampton. — L. Quaquagamack and l. Quaquaga- macksis, v. Ouiatchouan, b. — Red Pine Lake, one of the sources of the middle branches of the h. aux Lievres. —L. Rocheblanc lies between lakes Po- thier and la Roque, both of which are among the first sources of r. aux Lievres. — L. des Roches, in the S. of Beauport. — L. la Roque, the head of one of the smaller branches that supply the first waters of the r. aux Lievres. — Round Pond, near the s. LAM LAN boundary of Emberton, empties itielf into Con« necticut i.. — L, de$ Sables, an expansion of the B. aux Li^vres ; near its lower end the Hudson's Bay Company have a post. — L. St. Eutlache, in the T. of Blandford, is about 100 acres in super- ficial extent and discharges itself into the b. aux Originaux. — L. St. Joachim or Grand Lac, in the S. of Cote de Beaupr^, discharges itself into the R. Ste. Anne. v. Ontaritzi. — L. St. Louis, in the T. of Blandford, about 100 acres in superficial ex- tent, forms one of the sources of the B. Gentilly. — L. St. Pierre, a narrow lake about H m. in the S. of Riviere Quelle. — L. Scaswaninejms, in Orford and Hatley, is a large expansion of the R. Alagog, about 5 m. long and from ^ m. to a mile broad. — L. Sebastian, in the S. of Notre Dame des Anges, is an expansion of a small stream that joins with the R. Jeaune in its way to the n. St. Charles. — L. Segamite, in the S. of Notre Dame des Anges, is an expansion of the r. Jeaune, which runs into the R. St. Charles. — L. des Sept Isles, in the S. of Fausembault. — L. Shapaigan, in the highlands above the source of the St. Maurice. — L. Sliasa- Kataisi, of a long and very irregular shape, col- lects the waters of the Matawin and other lakes and discharges them by a connecting stream to the St. Maurice near the mk... KiBH, to Sicur de la Noraye. Dautr£ was granted in two portions ; the w. part, ^ league broad by two leagues deep, to Sieur Jean Bourdon, Dec. 1st, 1637; the e. part, of the same size, Apr. 16, 1647, to Sieur Jean Bourdon also. The aug- mentation, under the title of Derriere Dautre and Lanoraye, being the breadth of the two former (three leagues) and extending to the Ri- viere L'Assomption, about 4 leagues, was granted, 4th July, 1739, to Sieur Jean Baptiste Neveu. The whole is now the property of the Hon. Ross Cuthbert. — The extensive tract included in these grants contains a vast quantity of excellent arable land, that lies in general pretty level. The soil is various, in the front a light reddish earth with some clay, and towards the rear it grows stronger by the mixture of different loams and becomes a strong, rich, black earth. — The timber embraces almost every variety, with much of n superior quality and some very good oak and pine. — It is conveniently watered on the s. w. side by the rivers St. Joseph, St. John, and the little Lake Cromer ; a little westward of the St. John is an- other small lake connected with that river by u short canal that always ensures to it a permanent stream. The rivers La Chaloupe and Bayunnu cross the n. e. side into Berthier, and turn several ! '1' * : 1 LAP good com and saw mills. — In thu rear, towards the R. L'Assomption, is an eminence called Castle Hill, commanding a diversified and beautiful pro- spect over the surrounding country. — In this S. cultivation is in a very advanced state, about two- thirds being thickly settled, of which the parish of St. Elizabeth in the rear, the bunks of the St. Lawrence, the ct^teau St. Alartin and that of Ste. Emily are perhaps the most flourishing. There is no village ; but good houses, with substantial and extensive farm-buildings, are dispersed over it in all LAP parts.— Some of the concessions were granted prior to 17&0f on the usual selgnorial terms. — Some of the unconceded lands are good, but the greater part are of bad quality, and there is no road leading to them. — In this S. are many persons desirous of making new settlements. — In the Parish ttfSte. Elizabeth the extent of ungrantcd lands is sup- posed to be equal to 50 farms, without a road and unsurveyed. The lands granted under French tenure are held at 4 livrcs per arpent. Stalistics of the parishes of St. Joseph and Sle, Elizabeth. Pariihes. i 3 '•J 1 i. 3 1 i 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 i E 1 3 1 3 i .Annual VKrHMilliirul l'r. In buahcU. Live Mock. | i i 1 1 i i. i i o X 750 1751 i iO<' 52( Si 1 n 1 St. Joseph St. Elizabetli «7I 1 1 23900 aaooo l50(t22J(K(a0C0 .•jOOl :j2000fi005 200310 I00U15 800 3200 2600 9600 750 2400 MZi i 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 J .U'JOO 48600 4o01 54500 9005 300925 2501 62( >00J 12200 315()| Tula — Part'ir oiictl lie Dniilii " (Concession (hi ler Di'ceinbrc, 16.'(7, faitc piir la C'onipaf^nie, au Sieiir Jean Bourdon, du (ief Dautri, contenaiit line demi lieue »i^)/ion, et dans lanieme etciidue en largeur Uuest par la ligiie ipii ^t;; or Laprairie, formerly called Fort de la Prairie, from having once had a rude defence, honoured with that name, thrown up tu protect its few inhabitants from the surprises or open attacks of the five native tribes of Iroquois, who possessed the country in its vicinity. Such posts were established at many places in the early periods of the colony, while the Indians remained sufficiently powerful to resist and often repel the encroachments of the settlers, although at present none of them retain a vestige of their ancient form, and very few even the name by which they were originally known. Laprairie is now a flourishing handsome village of 200 well-built houses; some of them are two stories high and built with stone, in a very good style and covered with tin, giving an air of neatness and respect- ability to the whole. This village has the ad- vantage of any other in the province in trade and population; its streets are more defined and its buildings more contiguous. Tradesmen of every order, mechanics and shopkeepers are to be seen in every direction, and all appear to be thriving. The constant arrival and departure of steam-boats and stages contribute to enliven the place and produce an almost ceaseless bustle and novelty of scene. Here is a catholic church and also a con- vent of the sisters of Notre Dame, missionaries from the community formerly founded at Mont- real by Madame Bourgeois, where all the ne- cessary and some ornamental branches of female education are conducted upon a very good system with a success highly creditable. This village is the principal thoroughfare between Montreal and St. John's and the landing-place for the northern trade of Lake Champlain. Its population is about 1800, including about 30 artisans, 2 notaries, 4 merchants and 4 justices of peace. This v. is distant from The churches of Blairfindie and Ohamlily The presbytery of St. Luc, and the littlo hill des Hetres .... The churchts of LonKuouil and Sauk St Louis The churches of Sf. Phillip and St. Constant Montreal . . . . • —Isles Fouquet and Bouquet %vith Islettes aux Jones, lying in the St. Lawrence opposite, were given to the Jesuits along with this seigniory, April 1, 1647. Leogun. d 4 3 2 2S iM, •. IS L A I. A Stallslic*. I'ariihet. Lapruiiiu . St. I'liilip M>7, 7II,{ •i I 2 A i I I £ 'ri - I 5 1 I 2 I J_2] • 1 i I I 4 ' 1 TT r i t. t 1 1 1 i £ X '■ 1 ^ J 8 X a. £ a * 1 \ 2 I 2 I 1 1 1 3 2 1 "7 10 <\.i 10 It I U> ' 2 Patinhci. Annu.il Auricultural imKluii'. I,i*p st(ick. j 3 ' 1 1 = s 1000 1750 700 22(KI * b 1665 3268 49;« 1 3996 9010 l.'JOOO i * 999 2800 .1799 Laprairie . St. Philip 20f«(X) 3i;oo 168(X) 2IHMI .-niKX) U(iO 1 l*)t) I'JHOO t(«H) GO 100 19000 , 80(X) 2010 j 5900 55000 36000 6000 67 KM) 123100 ■ 8100 ' 7910 27.y) 2n(K) Title. — " Conrcfision du ler Avril, 10+7, fiiite pm' le Sieur de Laiizon hiix roveronds pins Jr.sidtos, tic deux lieuca de terre le lung du Heuve SI. Laurent, du cotr du Sud, a eommeiicer dcpuis 1'is.le Ste. llilhie jiiscpi'ii uii quart de lieue uu dulii d'unc pniirie dite de hi Atadilahir, vis-a-ns des isles qui sont iirochex du Suult de Tisle de Afoiilrail, espcc qui roiitient environ deux lieucs le long de 1b dite riviirc St. Laurent, sur quatre lieucs de pro- foiideur dnns les terres, tirant vers le Sud." — Rightrc d'lnloidanee, No. 2 ">0, to Jean Baptiste Le Ber de Senne- ville, and is now the property of Ambroise San- guinet, esq. — Very little difference is perceptible between this S. and that of Chateauguay and the lower part of Sault St. Louis, with respect to the quality of the land. The river Ln Tortue, La Petite Riviere and Rui.sseau St. Jacques run through both divisions of the S. — The road called the Black Cattle Road is only a winter road for timbcr-carriiiges, and it is impossible for any wheel carriage to pass on it in the spring, not even over that part which lies in this S. If this road was put into proper repair, it would not only materially benefit the adjacent farms, but prove generally useful. — The church of the Parish of St. Constant is near the n. La Tortue in the N. E. division of this S. At least one-half of the lands of this parish were conceded before 1759 on the following terms, viz. each farm, measuring 3 arpents by 30 or thereabouts, was rented at 1, IJ or at most 2 bushels of wheat, with 40, 50, 60, or 80 sols tournoh, according to the length, breadth or even the situation of the conceded lands. jNIany inhabitants of the parish are de- sirous and able to erect new settlements, provided they could obtain lands near their relatives and friends or not far distant from them ; the greater part of these young persons, instead of travelling in the spring to other countries, and living during the winter like vagabonds, spending the prr.'uice of their travels at public-houses in default of better occupation, would prefer taking farms in the seigniories and would zealously attach them- selves to the cultivation of their lands ; and there are certainly excellent lands fit for the purpose in the vicinity, for the S. of Beauhamois and the townships of Godmanchester, Ilinchinbrooke, Hemmingford and Sherrington do not yield in quality of .soil to any other places in the district. More than 100 families belonging to this parish have settled in the t. of Sherrington, y2 m m m I '' U till ^ V \ ' irM 'i L' A S holding lands on conditions similar to seignorial tenure. Title.—" Concession dii SOme Avril, 1750, faite par le Marquis de la Jonquiere, Gouverneur, et FranpiU Bigot, Intendant, au Sieur Jean BaptUtc Lc Her dc Senneville, d'un terrein non conr^d^, situ6 nu bout des prot'ori- deurs des Seigneuries du Sault St. Louii et CliatmMeuai/, et qui se trouve rnclav6 entre la Seigneiirie de Villc- chauve et ee.le dc la Prairie du la JUadeluiiir, sur uiie lit'ue et demie de profondeur."— 7?(?^i*/;e d'lntendaiice. No. % folio ^. L'AsBOMPTiON, county, in the district of Montreal, is bounded n. e. by the co. of Ber- thier; s. w. by the co, of Lachenaye; in the rear by the province line; in front by the St. Lawrence. It comprehends the parishes of Saint Sulpiue, comprising Isle Bouchard, Repcntigny, L'Assomption, and St. Jacques a'^d the townships of Rawdon and Chertsey. Its extreme length is 30 miles and its breadth 11, containing 208 square miles; its centre on the St. Lawrence is in lat. 45" 47 N. long. 73° 23 w. It sends two mem- bers to the provincial parliament and the place of election is at St. Pierre dc L'Assomption. This county is abundantly watered by the River L'As- somption and its numerous branches. The surface is level except in the township of Hawdon. Statistics. Population lO.lM Churches. R. C. 3 Cures 3 Presbyteries . 3 Sehoo s . 7 Villages . 2 Cum-mills . 4 Saw.mills . d Carding-inills 4 Fulling-mills 2 Tanneries . 1 I'otteries . 1 Potaslieries lA Peariasheries 7 [ Breweries . 1 Distilleries . 1 i .Tust. of Peace 2 Medii-al rien 8 Notaries . 2 Shopkeepers 13 Taverns . 21 Artisans . 54 Keel-boats . 3 /Inniial Agricultural I'todiice. Wheat . OatH Uurley I'otatWK Iluihcli. .yi,7h;! 1,117 Kil.lXX) Uuihfli. P.ns . lJ,3,J.j Hye . :um liut'k wheat .j(NI Indian corn 3,(iU() Buihelt. Mixed grain 5,2U0 Maple sugar, c«tR. ;«i2 ilay.tons, 25,U00 Live Stock. Hcimcs Uxeii 4,I(K) Cows , 7,n«il «lieep . 22,lHi Swine . 9,7,'W L'AsROitiPTiDN, river, is supposed to rise in a large lake in the unconi-edcd lands far beyond any actual settlement and 200 miles from its mouth ; it may be railed a large river, and aAer Imund- ing the augmcntiition to Lanoraye and intersect- ing the augmentation to Lavaltrie, where it is broad and shiillow, it traverses the parish of St. Pierre in the S. of St. Sulpice in a scq)entine direction nearly from n. to s., and after severing LAS an angle of the S. of L'Assomption, discharges itself into the St. Lawrence above the village of Repcntigny, and where the united waters of the rivers Jesus and Des Prairies enter the St. Law- rence. The R. L'Assomption runs through much rough and mountainous country, and is navigable for l)ateaux to a considerable distance, and much timber is sent down it to the Quebec market in the spring. Its breadth at the village of L'As- somption is about 500 ft. and it is so far navigable for crafts at certain periods ; but as its current is obstructed by many battures, the navigation is dif- ficult. This R. abounds with fish. L'A8soMPTioN,seigiiiory,in the CO. of Lachenaye, is bounded k. e. by St. Sulpice; s. w. by the S. of Lachenaye ; in the roar by Kilkenny and Raw- don ; in front by the St. Lawrence. It formerly formed part of the land grant^'d, 16th April, 1647, to Pierre Legardeur {vide the Title of Lachenaye) ; it now belongs to the heirs of the late P. R. de St. Ours, Esq., except a small portion which is the property of General Christie Burton. This fief possesses many local advantages, and a variety of soil favourable to cultivation. In the rear the land is higher than in the front, con- sisting chiefly of a yellow Iram, mixed in some pLices with sand, which when tilled is very fer- tile, but still perhaps something inferior to the lower parts, where there are many exceedingly fine tracts. Very few grants exceed this property in the proiiortion of cultivated land, four- fifths being cleared and well settled ; the number of farms conceded is 020, equal to 4173 arpents; 300 lots are in woodland. The must improved settle- ments are those situated on the banks of the two large rivers. On the uplands, birch, beech and maple are found in great perfection, with some pine of a good growth; but in the valleys th" wood is inferior — The principal rivers by which this S. is abundantly watered are the L'Assomp- tion, the Achigan and the St. Esprit ; the upper part is intersected by some smaller streams that contribute greatly to its fertility, and are no less oniamental. The L'Assomption and Achigan may be called large rivers, but neither of them is na- vigable, al' hough both are made use of to convey the timl)cr felled in the upper parts of the ad- jacent seigniories and townships. The Achigan turns 2 corn-mills and 1 saw-mill. — The t'uritfi of SI. Knpril is in the rear of the fiel. The first settlement is on the n. branch of the R. St. Esprit L' A and encroaches on the patented lands in the neighbouring township; it is about one league N< of the church, with which it communicates by an excellent road. The second settlement is on the N. w. branch of the same river and also encroaches upon the t. of Rawdon, particularly on the crown reserve, No. 2 in the Ist range: the settlers are Canadians who have possessed this tract for many years. — The Paritk of St. Roch occupies the centre of the fief; its handsome church and a few well- built houses round it are seated on a beautiful and well-chosen spot in a bend of the h. Auhigun ; this small village contains a good public school, for the establishment of v»hich M. Kaizennc, the cure, expended 500/. in the space of 10 years, endeavouring, not without success, to prove to his parish'oners the advantages of education. Nearly half the lands in this p. are of indifferent quality. There is a mineral water, on the farm of L(;vy Martel, which has been known for more than L A half a century as only a saline spring ; the salt extracted from it is as pure as that of Liverpool ; it is said to be medicinal, and many respectable persons, who pretend to have tasted the waters of Saratoga and who have also drank of this spring, declare that there is no difference in the taste : it still increases in reputation. — The Parish of RejKntigny or Sotre Dame de tAssomptioH is nearly in the shape of a Presq' Isle in the front of the fief ; it extends to the b. w. limit of St. Sul- pice, und is otherwise bounded by the rivers L'As- sumption and St. Lawrence, including the settlers on the N. bank of the former river and Isle Bourdon at its mouth. All the lan.'.s in this p. are conceded; those granted before 17^0 are charged with the payment of a pint of wheat and 1 sol argent tournois per superficial orpeni ; the front lands are also charged with the payment of a capon for every 20 arpeuts. Slatisticf. \ i PuUlM. 1 1 i. a o 1 M i > i i 1 1 i li •2 i 1 t 1 J 1 t 1 7 i i 't 1 i n 6 < St. Roch 403(i 1 1 1 2 1 1 j! a 2 1 1 1 1 4. U 2j St. Oursdii Grand ) St. EHprit . S «t70 1 1 1 1 1 1 • . 2 1 1 • a J 15 Re|>entigny IG3^ Hi.* 3 1 1 T a •2 V 5} T 2 T T • 1 12 10 .'jO TnUli. » :i T 1 iigan 'arUit first Isprit rari>hn. \|I1I(1H| \|/IM'lllU>r:|l I'dhtllf-i'. IX lillnh. l.npsiiM'k. 1 i M* i 2tt7.yt aiKi *i,j») .•«)7 i IKK) 1705 1H7(J i * % f •J. i * 2l)tN) 2(lj() 20.J0 (1700 St. Koch 8t. OiirH dii Grand ) St. Ksprit . J Ki>|iciiti)rny VMTks IjtNIO KJOO 5.KM) «(M)0 l!X)5 lUN) 2 KM) 21.j 1771 VVM U.>5(l 2I7I4I La Tkhskrik, fief, in the co. of I'ortncuf. is bounded 8. w. by Grondincs ; n. k. by L« t'lii- vrotiiTc or Thavigny ; in front by the St. Liiw- renoe. — Haifa league in breuiltli by \\ leagues in depth, (iranted, Nov. W, l(i72, to Diiiioiselli' dc l.t Tcsseric. — The land greatly resenibics that of (irundines, although, pcrhups, a little l)etter in quality. Tiirte concession ure settled und u fourth conceded, — The rear part is iruvcrtcd by the 11. Ste. Anne, und on the «. Chevroti< re or Tcs- K'tic is a corn-inill, 'J stories high, built of utone, having .'t sets of stones ; but one puir only can work when the water in slack : the mill is prettily situated in a pictureMqiie valley formed liy the cniirse of the river. Captain Curinpi lives mi the w. bank below the mill und schooners come up nearly to his door — This lief is in the parish "f Ucsi'hambault. iv «. ' i::' \t % LAV Titk.—" ConccHiiion dii 3me Novetnbre, 1672, faite (lar Jean Talon, Intemlunt, i DvinoiHi'lle de la Tmcrie, de 1b qiiaii-!^^ dc terrc qui se trouvera entre la concoRsion faite aiix pauvres dc I'HOpital de Q/ieirr, iusqu'a celle de C/ih«. i 1 u S U i i T s 1 'l 1 1 2 2 i 1 1 2 B k j 1 1 I 1 A :s B s •f: 2 3 1 H •i 2 ■g 2 2 1 1 2 2 i 2 ■3 2 2 1 1 i s .'J !) < 70 11 HI St. Paul . . St. Antoine ami Km 1 I ;ij9fi 2 I 1 2 2 TarUliM. St. Paul . St. Antuine Annual Agncultuial l*rffliu><>, in IniihetH, U292 LMUO 29fi!)2 14012 IUI4lt^ 2W20 1780 4000 .■)7H0 KNI l!»o 2(K» 700 MM) I 2()INN) *i!KH) I'KKHi lino: l.'I'KHHi! \ i n i i c t. w 'I. % -r. 1150 \H\ l.'iHO MiOO l:0 IKV. i».Vj .Jl.iOhHtH) 2i.'iO fl I Ti(/c. — " rriicchsiondii29me Octoliro, 1072; f'aite par ,ttan TuloH, Iiitondi .it. an Sioiir ile Lavnilricdunv lii'iic ot dviiiio lU'ti'iTf (le IVunt siir iiureillo iirutondfiir; h iircndrc 8iir Ic tliMiVf Si. Lmirrnl, IwriW't' d'lin I'l'ito par ii-s terrcR appiirti'iiiiiiti-s uii Scmiimirc de Afoiili^al, et di' I'aiitrf pur ovIlcN noii-L'oiK't'dfcK ; par dovatit par le dit fli'iivi' ct par dcrriiro piir tcrros iiun>('Oiirtdi''('ii, iivec Irs dciix inliti i|ui soiit dovHiit la ditc i|imiitit<'' de terre. et la riviirc SI. Jean coiiiprise." — llif^iilir il' I nti nilaiiri; A'u. l,/o/i(> (i. Aiigiiiciildlidii. " ( 'ofircs-ion dii 'iline Avril, I7.'U, tuile par Vlmrltn. Mniqiilt ilr niiiiihanidi/i, (ioiiviTiuiir, et (Ullii //ii(i/«iji7, liilciidiiiit, all Sii'iir Moigiiiiiir dr l.tvul- Iric, d'line lii'ur it di'Miie de Icrrc de Irdiit Mir (Iciix liciii « et deiiiie de prol'iiMdeiir, I'l prendre li' dit tVont an Ixint de la prol'ondunr et liinite de la lleiie et deniie de pridoiideur dn tiel de l.inulItU- ; p(>nr etre la dile |ili(in rii prufundenr unie et jointe au fief ile l.initllr\r. et ne fair • qii'une nii-ine Selnnenrie, l«i|nelle, par ee nioyeii, se Inm- veru elre d'nne liene et deniie de tront snr ipiiit'e lii'ins de protondenr." — lirfiitlrc il'Inlniildiin; yv. T^/oIId 24. Lai'Kon, seigniory, forming the co. of Dorches- ter, is lioiindi'd n. k. by La Aliirtinierc ; », w. by Tilly, (Jnsp ■ and St. (Jilcs ; in the rcir by Ht. Kticnne uiid Jullict. — () 1. in brcudtli by U in di pth. Granted Jan. Ifith, 1(130, to M. Ninion Lcmaitrc — The soil throughout this extensive property, which contains the whole co. of IJorcbcster, is generally of a superior description ; it ineliules almost every variety, Imt a rich liglitisii loam ))rc- dominatcs, and, in situations lying ratlier low, u fine dark mtnild. In the inmt but little tinilMr remains; in the interior and towards the rear simie oak and la'ceh, pui]ile, birch ami |>iiu' in grcnt plenty ; of tlie inferior sorts, cedar, l.cmloek and sjiruce are ver>' abundant —It is watered by the rivers C'hiuidii're, H.nurivage, Ktelicinin, Iloyir, and liy several oilier inferior rivers and strcanl^. The Chandiire and Ktcheinin troverse the M. h.k. and the Ik-auiiviige n. w. N'citiier is navigable for l)oats or even cunoi's to any distance, on account of the great nunil)cr of falls and rapids: their bsinks, lint most pnrti<'ulurly those of the Cliaiidii re, are lofty and steep, presenting in niuny phucs almost 'I Pi Pi L A U Z O N. perpendicular rocky cliffs. The banks of the St. Lawrence are also high and steep, covered with trees of small growth in some places, hut cleared and cultivated in othereing generally flat rock with only a shal- low covering of soil. Aliijjst all the ranges are intersected by roads, and the main roads arc very good and kept in excellent repair. Nearly op- posite to Quel)ec, and on a little river which dis- charges itself into the St. Lawrence, are the ex- tensive and valuable premises called the Fointe Liv'i Mills, and farther w., at the mouth of the Etchcnin, tlie no less important establishment called the Elthemiii Mills, from Iwth nf which large exportatioiis of flour arc annually made. From Pointe des Peres to the n. l-baudicre, the beach is almost wholly occupied ns timlier grounds. From Pointe des Peres and other places, in fnmt of the S,, arc ferries to tjuebcc. — This S. is very p(Nit K de Luiuon. coiiteiiiirit I'l'ti'iidm' de trrrc iiiiihi (in'il suit siivoir; lu riviOre UniyniU, ( C/iiii(tlleri) >iliu'i' nil pays dc In jVim. : Ih f'fiyici: .wf nix liiiii's df priiCiindiiir diiim l(■^ imts rt troii. Iiciuii il iliHipu- :>i[t de In cliti- rivid'-t'." — Hig'uln- iVlnleniUincf, A'». 'i,Jiillii ',i7. Lekcii Pond", v. Bastonaih (R.) I^RKCIIKH PoM) ANO SiMKASt, in the T. of Horeford. Tiiis snuill strtmm kises in Walls Pond imd is obstructed by falls, making jpnid sites for mills ; its only advantage of transport is the running of logs. The pond, in the 8. w. angle of the r., luljoiiis the province line ; it is nearly 2 miles long, and alH)vi- half a niili- broad. Lkkuk, township, in the co. of Megantic, is bounded n. k. by Ht. Giles ; h, w. by Ireland ; N. »'. by Inverness, Nelson, and Ste. Cwix ; n. k by Thetford and nroughton. — Except in the n. w. quarter, where the land is poor and very stony, z L E P L E P it' 1 *M pjjf.d; '' ' 't'l the soil if generally of excellent quality, fit for the growth of all kinds of grain, flax, hemp, &c.— This T. is well stocked with various timber, as beech, birch, maple, basswood, elm, ash, ironwood, spruce fir and hemlock. — It is very well watered by the Becancour, which divides itself into several branches, and by many small streams. — In the last few years cultivation has made considerable progress, and the settlements have increased, par- ticularly along Craig's Road and in its vicinity. One quarter of the t. was originally granted to Mr. Isaac Tudd, but at present that tract belonf^ to the heirs of Joseph Frobisher, Esq. Several individuals have obtained grants, and George Hamilton, Esq., of Quebec, holds 8000 acres by purcha.se from government, as lands were sold for the purpose of defraying some of the expenses in- curred in constructing Craig's Road. — Uagranted and unlorated 5,225 acres. Population Sintislics. 1 73 I Saw-mills Wheat Oats Horses Oxen Annual Agricultural Produce. tlimhcli.l Bushelt. I Pushcli. . l,0.i(i I Bail-.y . . 1(H) I Peas . . JO ■too ! PoUitoos . 0,400 1 IiHiaii corn -R) I.hc Stuck. H I Cows .'JO I Sheep WiSwinc 3(1 1 32 Le Gouffhk (S ), t;. Gouffhu. Lknnoxvillm (V.), V. AsCOT; T, Lkpaok and Tibikhgk, seigniory, in the co. of Riniouski, is lx)'jndcd N. e. by Pachot ; 8. \r. by Lcssard ; in front by the St. La\"rence. — This S. and its augmentation tippcur to have been granted at two different times, with an interval of a few mouths only: the S was grunted Nov. 14, ICDO, and the augmentation on the 7th of May foll,)w- ing. The gnintcos were the same in both in- stances, vi«. the Siei.irs Louis Lepage and Gabriel Tibierge. The title to the first grant represents it to extend from Pachot to Lessard, with a depth of one league ; the grant o^ augmentation was for 2 lci\guo8 in depth, adjoining the rear of the first grant otid extending, on one side, to the grant of Sieur Pachot and on the other to the grant of Sieur Lcmnml, comprising the breadth of both, wilh tlw ig/en tuid inlets, in that extent As there can be iio ititii and itleU in the augmentation, pro- bably it was granted in Ueu of the original con- cession, particularly as the dates are so nearly coeval. If this idea be correct, the ambiguity will cease and the depta of the S. be easily proved to be 2 leagues from the St. Lawrence and not from the original grant, and its width. In front, from Pa- chot to Lessard, and in the rear from the N. e. line of the former to the s. w . line of the latter. Thus the rear line will run as far back us the first lake in the b. Mitis. Title. " Coneession dii Itrne Novembre, 1G90, faite aux Sieurs Lonli Lrpa/jr et Oiilir'nl Tiii\cr/;r, d'nn terrein qui ^e trouve entre la concession tin Sieur Pachot, et celle fill Sieur Lctsard, sitner an lieu (lit R'wmusliij, sur le fleus-e St. I,;npuric di- Jean dc Paris et celle de la tivii're du Sud, prrs de QiiHice, lequel terrein se ferminr«)s dc la ville de QiiiUc, sur In riviOre St. Charlctj sur quatre lieues de prutbnduur."— Papier Terrier, Ku. l-5,./('/i» 7j, .'J /Verier, I7H1. — " This liet is miid to coiitiiiii hut one quiirtcr of a leHgiie in front upon four in di"|)tli, by u ccrtilii-iite of cxaniinutioM ot tlic title of Coneossioi! j as also by nieiilioii in the act of donu- tionofthis (iefiii niarfiaije with Demoiselle Cliavipny to Sieur de I'Epinay. N. B. 'I'liis lief, by aetual nieiisure- nient, only eleven arpents in front." — Cuhiirs J'liitiiul. !(• d \T,f(iliu j77. Lessaru, seigniory, in the co. of L'Islet, h bounded n. k. by the augmentation to Ashford ; s. w. and in the rear by wa.ste lands; in lont by the S. of L'Islet. — One leagac square. Granted, June 30, 16i)fl, to Pierre Lessard, and now be- longs to Andrew Stuart, Escj. — This small tract is valuable- though uncultivated, and lies on the brow of the ridge of rising grounds extending more or less along the rear of the seigniories front- ing the St. Lawrence. Although the surface is broken and uneven, the soil and timber are unex- eeptionably good; the timlx;r is maple, beech, birch, ash, pine, &c. — It is well watered by a branch of the n. du Sud called Bras St. Xicolas and by minor streams running into it from several small lakes in the S. — Should the road from L'Islet to St. John's bo opened it would ma- terially encourage the making of new settlements here and in the adjacent country. Title.—" roncession dn .'iOnne Juin, 1098, faite par /.(>»(/ dr Buiide. Comtc do Froiifemic, liouvemeur, et Jean BikIioiI, Inteiidant, li /".I'rrc l.eitard, d'uiie lieuc de tirn de front, snr imreille profondenr, silui'e sur le fleuve .ft. l.tturnit, proehe I'JKlet .S7. Jean, an lerriOre de la Seiijneurie de Mademoiselle Hulartre ; tenant d'un cdtrf' ■ hi ttrre dn Siuir de In Clieniiie, et de I'autre a eelle de Fraiifdii Helluiigrr; d'un bout » la SiiKnenrie de dite Demoiselle JJnlarire, et de I'uutre aux terres noii-coii- eedfes." — Mgiilrc d'luleiidanee, No, .'>,Jiiliv ^. Lrrrard, sei^iory, in the co, of Rimouski, is liounded n. k. by Lepage ; s. w. by St. Bamab6 ; in front by the St. Luwrencc. — 1} league in front by 2 leagues in depth. Granted, Mar. 8, 1696, to Pierre Lessard. — At Fa'.ier Point, at the n. w. angle of this S., the St. Lawrence pilots reside, in the enjoyment of a competent degree of ease as a reward for the perils they encounter and the responsibility for which they are held. Title.—" Coneession du Hnie Miirs, 16f)6, faite par Louis de BiiaJe, (iouverneur, et Jean Bmliarl, Intendunt, ii Pierre Lettard, d'nne lieue et ileniie de terre de front sur deux lieiies de profondeur, sitnee au lieu dit le Bie, le dit front i prendre depuis la pointe aux Perf$, appur- tenant au Sieur Hini Lrpiigc, u euuse d'un ^eliange fait avee le Siirnr de la C(irdi»iii.r, et eonlinue le dit front au Nord-est en allant le lont? du tleuve St. Laurent, tant que la dite liene et deinie pourru s'^tendre." HigUtrc din- tciidaiiee, A'o. ♦, fuliu liH. Levhard or St. Pikrrb i,ks Becqukts, seigniory, in the co. of Xicolet, is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence ; n. k. by the district line between Quebec and Three Rivers; s. w. by the S. of Gentilly : fu the rear by the t. of Bland- ford. — 2 leagues in front by 4 in depth. Granted, together witli Isle Mudunie below the Island of Orleans, Apr. 27, KiliJl, to Sieur Lovrurd, and is nov the property of A. Lanaudit re, Escj. and the Honourable F. Baby. — This seigniory is but very little settled, although the soil in fertile and yields good crops of grain. The soil is generally a fine clay mixed with a rich black mould. This S. is plentifuUj stocked with timber, some of which is of the best description, but much the greater pro- portion is cut for firewood, which is sent in large (juantitics to Quebec. It is watered by part of the Kivit're du Chine ai^d .some small streams. In the first and setuiul ranges of concessions are a few farms in a very improved state. The church of St. Pierre, tiie parsonage and a chnpel are situated on the bank of the St. Lawrence, along which the main road passes. Slalislics. Population I ,()j3 1 Presbyteries t'huri'hes, K.C. I Corn-niills ('ur*t . .1 Saw-inilli ArlisiinH Wheat Oats Horsek Oxen Annual Agrirullural Produet. RuihcU. Buihela. HOJO Potatoes <>,(KIO ♦,WX) Peas . Ji.tKX) Ruihrli. Rye . . Kill Indian com 15 Live Stock. WiO.Cows 3U0lSliccp l.3/A)| Swine .'ViUOl (iM) Titlf — " t onression du !«7ine Avril, \m i, faite par Iw Sieurs Lefclvre de la Barrt, (iouverneur, et de MeuUt; Intendant. au Sieur Leirurd, dune itendne de terre de z2 ur '•H • '<^ ;||f| 'I It I I j 1 '. h II ' n L I E ileux lieues ou environ de front sur le fleiive St. ' -^rent, du cdt^ du Sud, ot grn^ralement tout ce qui se rencontre untri' la Scigneurie de GrntUly et celle de Detchaillont, avec lea isles et batures qui eont dans 1c dit fleuve, au- devant du dit espace ; aussi I'isle appeKe Madame siture au Sud de I'isle et comte dc St. Laurent, d'une lieue de tour ou environ." — B^gUtre Slntendance, Let. B,/blio 38. — " Acte du premier Avril, 1751, fixe la proi'ondcui ie la Scigneurie qui sc trouve entre Gcniilhj ct ■JeiclmiUn,:^ {Lcvrard) k quatre lieues." — Mgiitre d'lntcidaiice, No. 9, fnlh 78. LiEVRRs, aux, river, rises in numerous lakes lying far in the waste lands in the rear of Buck- ingham and Portland. It !s a large, wild and rapid stream, remarkable fur the peculiar sin- gularity of its bends and the varieties of its width. Its source is near that of the Gatineau, with which it runs parallel for a considerable space. It tra- verses Buckingham in a general course from n. to s., winding variously and forming, at intervals, several buys and spacious basins, until it reaches the middle of the first range, where it divides into two principal channeb, that of the s. e. running towards the Ottawa, while the other running 8. w. disembogues into an extensive pond lying parallel to the Ottawa and extending from lot No. 15 to 22. This pond communicates with the Ottawa through the entrance of the Licvres, whose width at its juncture with the former is about 5 chains. About 2 miles up the river, and upon the division line between the 1st and 2nd ranges, is a basin nearly circular perfectly accessible by the steam-boat, which plies between Grenville and Hull : for about 4 m. above the basin the rapids impede all navigation, after which, for 30 m., it is navigable for bateaux and the water is very smooth : about 90 m. up this r. is Lake des Sa- bles, at the head of which this it. is still navigable for a great distance to other lakes. The Indians who trade in the back country ascend this n. in canoes. Along the first thirty miles of the nux Lidvres, as far as the Falls de iVIontagne, there appear to be considerable tracts fit for settlement, but after ascending the ridge which occasions these falls and following the northern waters of the r. upwards of 150 miles, or perhaps about iiO miles in a direct line, it appears to he almost entirely what is called a good hunting country, which may be interpreted i» very bad settling country, being rocky, swampy and hilly, with but little good soil which is confined to the valleys here and there. The hills frequently rise abruptly to a height of L I S 400 or 500 feet above the general level, and there are abundance of small lakes well stocked with the finest trout. — The banks of this R. are elevated and afford many very excellent mill-sites, besides those in the 4th range of Buckingham, where the mills of Mr. Beaumont and Mr. Bigalow are erected. — This r. is well stocked with fish. LiNowicK, township, in the co. of Megantic, is bounded N. e. and in front by the unsurveyed townships of Stratford and Hampden ; s. w. and in the rear by Bury and Weedon. — This tract is very similar in quality to the level district of Dudswell : the timber is also of nearly the same de- scription. — Watered by several streams of tolerable size that run into the St. Francis. The w. half has been surveyed and granted to divers individuals. LlNCTOT (F.), V. DUTORD, F. L'IsLE, de, river, rises in the t. of Roxborough, in Upper Canada, and, traversing the t. of Ken- yon, enters the lower province at the s. w. angle of the T. of Newton, and running for some distance near its s. boundary traverses the location of Lt.- col. de Longucuil ; then intersecting the N. angle of New Longueuil it enters the S. of Soulange and falls into the St. Lawrence at Coteau du Lac a little below Lake St. Peter. L'IsLE DE hA FoURCHE, V. NiCOLET, S. L'IsLET, county, in the district of Quebec, is bounded n. e. by the co. of Kamouraska; h. w. by a line parallel thereto running from the w. angle of the S. of the river du Sud, prolonged to tlie 8. boundary of the province ; n. w. by the St. Lawrence, together with all the islands in the St. Lawrence nearest to the county, and in the whole or in part fronting it ; and a. e. by the a. boundary of the pro...ii;e. — It comprises the seigniories of Sc. Roch des Aulnets, Rcaume, St. Jean Port Joli, Islet, Lessard, Bonsecours, Vincelot and its aug,. Cap St. Ignace, Gagnier, Ste. Cluire, Ri- vit're du Sud and Lcpinuy. — Its extreme length is 82 miles and its breadth 37^, containing 3034 square miles j its centre is in lat. 46° 40* 30" n. long. 69° 52' w. It sends two members to the pro- vincial parliament and the place of election is at L'Islet. — The surface of this county is uneven and mountainous, being traversed by detached rocky ridges which appear i'rom the St. Lawrence like a continued range of mountains, presenting a back- ground to hoi ';:ome and flourishing settlements. The scenery in many places is varied and inte- L I S resting. The county is abundantly watered by rivers and several beautiful lakes; the principal rivers are the Riviere du Sud and its various branches, the Trois Saumons, Port Joli and Ri- viere Ferre, all of which descend to the St. Law- rence. In the rear it is most beautifully watered by the R. St. John and its large and wide spread- ing branches : this river runs an average course of about 50 miles from the St. Lawrence in a pa- rallel direction towards the n. e. ; the land on its borders and in its vicinity is of good quality and fit for settlement. Although this county appears mountainous it presents many tracts of good arable land. The houses and cultivated farms in the front grants, particularly on the shore of the St. Lawrence, are remarkable for handsome villages and churches, which consider- ably heighten the beauty of the scenery : the most conspicuous is the village of St. Thomas in the S. of Riviere du Sud, which, from its size, the elegance and magnitude of its conspicuously situated church, its handsome houses and edi- fices, and the bridges, called the Regent and the Prevost, over the du Sud and the Bras St. Ni- colas, deserves the particular admiration of the traveller. The population consists of French Ca- nadians. Populiition 12,777 Churches, K.C. Curts Presbyteries Schools Villages Corn-mills . Statislks. Saw-mills . (Harding-mills Fulli:ig-mill8 Tanneries Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Tuvcms Artisans Ship yards . River craft Toininge Keel boats 2J 107 12 193 :iO Amwal Agrknllural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Peas Rye Horses Oxen Buihela. 93,806 73,600 6,714 lj,824 8,669 Bushels. Indian corn l,dM Mixed grain 6,.jf)8 Buck wheat a, lot) Potatoes at7,I37 I'wts. >raple sugar Ub2 Klax . :A:i Butter . .3,9(ij Hay, tons 11,033 Live Slock. 3,201 1 Cows 2,!)10 1 Sheep 7,R'w| .30,80j Swine 9,090 L'IsLRT, seigniory, in the co. of L'Islet, is bounded by the St. Lawrence in front ; by Lessard in the rear, and lies between Bonsecours and St. Jean Port Joli. — One league in breadth by two in depth ; granted May 17th, 1(577. to Demoiselle Genevieve Couillard. — The front is low, but re- ceding from the river towards the mountains the land rises gradually ; the soil in general is good, producing grain of uU kinds ; in the rear it is a L I V light-coloured loam that continues up to the high lands. Aboiit one-third is under occupation and is tolerably managed and thickly inhabited. — Wa- tered by a continuation of the Bros St. Nicholas and by several small runs of water. — Beech, birch and maple are the prevailing knids of timber, but there is likewise some pine of very gooil growth. — The church and parsonage-house are close to the St. Lawrence, near a point of land on which is placed the telegTuph station. No 7- At high water this point is completely insulated, from which circumstance it derives its name of Islet de St. Jean. — This S. is divided into 4 ranges of concessions ; the 1 st and 2nd are settled, and tlie 3rd and part of the 4th are fit for settlement. Almost all the land in the 3fd and 4th ranges belongs to proprietors of land along the St. Law- rence, who thence derive their tire-wood, which circumstance in some degree prevents the settle- uient of those ranges. In consequence of there being no other lands to concede, many of the youths desirous of settling quit the seigniory. Ti//c. —" Concession du I'inc Mai, lfi77, 'a'''' l""" f.diiis lie HihiiIi; Comte dc Frontiiiac, (iouvenieur, 4 Ik'juoiselle (iiiievirve Cviiillaril, d'unc lieuc dc terrc dc front Ic long dn llcuvc .S7. iMiirenl, du cotr du Sud, a coniuiencer depuis Ics deux lieucs |)roniises n A'«t.7 Laiiglvii, en reinuutaut le dit Heuve, \ crs celle qui appar- tioiit a la Demoiselle Aiiiiol, iiVf<' deux licues dc pro- fiindcur, (iiseinlile un islet t'tanl dans le lleuvc, an dcvimt dc la dite liene de front, eonteuant <|uatrc i cinq arpcns ou environ." — Inshiiuit'wns ilii (uii.'Cil Siqiiiiciir, l.rt. H. Jblw 39. L'Islet, Notre Dame de (V.), v. Bonse- cours, S. L'Islkttk, rivulet, runs into the n. Saguenay above Ila Ha bay. LiTciiKiKLD is a projected township in the cu, of Ottawa ; it is a triangular tract bounded w. by the R. Ottawa where it forms the island of Grand Calumet. This t. will become a subject of con.siderable interest on account of the Falls of the Grand Calumet which are in its front. Little Rivkii, in the co. of Bonaventure, fulls into the mouth of the Ristigouchc. n. v.. of this K. and at the head of Ristigouche Imy is un Indian village mission, which has a churrli and is a small fief. Little \'i llaoe, v. Notre Dame dcs Anges, S. LivAuoiERE or Dksciiknau.x, in the cu. of Bellechassc, is bounded in front by Vinccnnes ; N. K. by the augmentation to Beaumont ; s. w. by Jlont-u- Peine; in the rear by .St Gcrvais. — I i! I r n ■ ! 11 :*i| ] iigl 'I m^ . 'if :> L I V About ] of a league in front by 3 leagues in depth. Granted, Sept. 20, \T.i4, to Sicur Pcan de Livaudierc. — Upwards of one-tliird of this tract M in a very high state of cultivation. The soil, rich and fertile, produces large crops of grain, &c. ; the surface is somewhat uneven, but not to such a degree as to cause serious impediments to agriculture, except near the rear boundaries where the elevation is abrupt. Tlierc is a great quan- tity of beech, birch and maple; fn m the latter, considerable quantities of sugar arc made every year. — All the lands are conceded and the farms are 4 arpents in front, but the grantees pay for only 3 because they are not 40 arpents in depth, and the rent is 40 sols per front arpent and 1 sol for quit-rent. This S. is well watered by theriver Boy er, each side of which presents some of the best cul- tivated land in the different concessions : towards A'incennes are also many specimens of very good husbandry. Roads, generally kept in thorough repair, pass through the S. to the main road on the river Etchemin. — The Parish of St. Charles is Jwunded by the 2nd concession of Beaumont ; s. e. byanarmofthcB.duSud; n. K.by St. Michel; s.w. by Lauzon. All the lands are under cultivation, and those parts that lie in Beaumont, Livaudiere and Alartinir^re are supposed to have been conceded, at least the greater part, before 1 759. The extent of each farm is 3 arpents in front by 40 in depth, pay- ing 1 ,sol qi;it-renl and the annual rent of 2 or 3 livres, argtnl lournois, for each arpent, with an obligation of grinding their corn at the seignorial mill, and a reservation of timber materials for works of public utility, such as ?hurches, presby- teries, and manor-house, also the right of retraite and the obligation de lenirfeu et lieu dans I' an ct jour; a breach of covenant occasions the forfeiture of the land. The church and parsonage are on the N. w. bank of the Boyer. StalUlics of the Parish of St. Charles. Population Whcnt Oats Barley Horses Oxun 2,' 80 1 Churches, R. C. Annual Agricultural Produce, Bushcli, I Buihcli. 1 1,4. LocuABER and Guhi: oi augmentation, some- times called Suffolk, in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded N. e. by La Petite Nation ; s. w. by Buckingham; in the rear by waste lands; in front by the R. Ottawa. — This t. is equal if not superior in fertility of soil to Hull, Templeton, or Buckingham, and is well timbered. 13,261 acres were grunted in 1807, to Archibald M'Millan and others, emigrants from Scotland ; of this portion very little has been cultivated. Along the front, the river forms several deep bays, in which direc- tion the land is so low that it is frequently over- flowed ; but if the settlements .should become more numerous, embankments might be raised to repress the incursion of the waters ; this part would then become good meadow, and, at a short distance towards the interior, much of it would be good arable, Proceeding to the rear, the land is broken and rugged up to the ridge of moun- tains, beyond whicli there is no part improvable, at least in their vicinity. Aluch of the timber, both oak and pine, is fit for naval purposes. Se- veral rivers and streams wind througli the town- ship, but neither of them is navigable for boats, though timber may be floated down them to the Ottawa, which here expands greatly in breadth, and has several islands all well covered with wood; the largest is a mile long, and about a quarter of a mile broad. The Blanche, which is the principal river, spreads into 3 branches, rather more than a mile from its junction with the Ottawa into which it falls near the centre of the front of the t. — Black Buy which lies in front of Lochaber Gore is about 41 m. long and its ex- treme width is 1| mile. — Vngr anted and unlocaled in the t. 17,600, in the Gore 3,388 acres. Population Saw-mills Statistics. 148 I Potasherics . 1 1 Pearlasherics Shopkeepers Taverns 1 3 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Horses Oxen Butheb. 4iX> r aoo Bushels. I Buiheta. Potatoes 1,8!J0 1 Indian corn 930 Rye 2J0|Hay, tons . 126 Live Stock. 19 I Cows 37 I Swine 43 79 I ; L O N LoMBRRTTB, river, in C6tc de Beaupn'<, riaes in the s. w. extremity of the parish of La Petite Riviere, and traversing the p. of St. Joachim, crosses the road to St. Paul's Bay and joins the r. Ste. Anne. LoNGUEUiL, seigniory and barony, in the co. of Chambly. — The seignior if is bounded n. k. by Tremblay and Montarville ; 8. w. by La Prai- rie ; in front by the St. Lawrence ; in the rear by the barony and West Chambly. — 2 leagues in breadth by 3 in depth. Granted, January 26, 1700, to Sieur Lcmoine de Longucuil and is now the property of Madame Grant, baroness of Longucuil. — This tract from front to rear is quite level, the soil generally a fine black mould, very congenial to the growth of grain and most other agricultural produce; towards the middle is a swampy patch, called I-a Grande Savanne, and at a little distance from the front is another, called La Petite Savanne; but a good system of drainage has proved so beneficial, that they arc both nearly converted into good fertile land. Almost the whole of the S. is conceded, and full two-thirds arc in a good state of cultivation ; it is more sparingly watered than, perhaps, any other seigniory on the banks of the St. Lawrence, as the little rivulet St. Antoine near its front, and another equally insignificant that cro.sscs the lower comer into the n. Jlontreal, are the only streams. Many good roads cross it nearly in all directions ; but the most public are, one leading from the village of Longucuil to Fort Chambly and Fort St. John's; the middle road of Cote Noir to Longueuil ferry ; and the upper road from Laprairie to the same place. One-third of the annual produce, except peas and potatoes, is generally sold. The S. is divided into oeven concessions, which are settled as follows : 1. Rangdii Fleuve 2. Coti-HU Range and Riiisseau St Charles 3. Tromhlre and Savanne •li. Gcntilly .... 5- (iraiid Ligiiy, or Cote Noir 6. Cliciniii d« Cliaiiibly 7. Isle Stc. Marguerite . (it) 2* . 38 . 20 . (il . 114 3 329 The Village of Longueuil is on the shore of the St. Lawrence and near the rivulet St. Antoine; it contains 65 houses including a parsonage and 2 schools, at each of which 16 scholars are in- structed. Near the village was the ancient fort L O N of Longueuil, one of the many ft)nnerly raised an harriers against the Iroquois nation ; but its site is now covered by a very handsome well-built church, 130 ft. by 55, which stands on the west side of the road to Chambly. The situation of this little place and its vicinity is so pleasant, that many persons of the first respectability reside hereabout; it was long the favourite retreat of the late catholic bishop of Quebec, RI. Deneaux, who when raised to that dignity would not for- sake the spot he so much admired. The Isle Stc. H^lcne, which belongs to government, lying nearly in front of Montreal, Isle Ronde with several of smaller size, and Isle uu Heron, arc appendages to this S. St. Ili'li'ne, being rather high, commands a view of the city of Quebec in its most favourable point ; it is very fertik', ex- ceedingly well cultivated and embellished by sonic very fine timber. On this island are the exten- sive mills called Grant's Mills. The Baronii of Longucuil is lK)unded N. v.. by Chambly; s. w. by Luprairic and De I.<<;ry ; in front by the Richelieu ; in the rear liy the seigniori/. — 3 leagues in front. Granted July 8, IJH', to the Baron de Longueuil and is now the property of Madame Grant, baroness of Longueuil. — This is a very level and exceedingly fertile tract, well set- tled and cultivated ; it is traversed by the great southern road and by several other roads. — The concessions made prior to 175!) were gi-antcd on the terms which the grantees now pay, viz., 4 livres 10 sols and 2| bushels of wheat for each farm of 3 arpents in front by HO in depth. — This barony is watered by the Richelieu, and is con- veniently situated for water-carriage. It contain.s the town of Dorchester and Fort St. John. Dor- chester scarcely merits the name of a town, but will probably in a few years rise to some import- ance, from being so favourably situated as to iie- come an entrepTit for merchandise in its transit, either by land or water, between this province .ind America, both in summer and winter : during the latter season a very brisk intercourse takes place by means of sleighs travelling upon tlu; frozen surface of the lakes and rivers. Before the last war the timber trade was carried on here to a great extent. A large proportion of the in- habitants are American emigrants, who have sworn allegiance to the British government ; some of them keep the best inns in the place, and are pro- prietors of tlie stage coaches that travel rcguhirly U*' iU 1! II; if ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 £1^ Bi M» m 12.2 £ |£& 12.0 1.1 IL25 lu 11.6 I^^^^^^^^B mVI^H^^^^B ^^R^^^^HB f^ in. Hiotographic Sdenoes Carporation II wht mam itint WIUTM,N.V. MSaO (7U)t79-4S03 ? ;\ \ s.,-6^ »' L O N to Lapnirie and to the itates of Vermont and New York.— For/ St. John, on the w. bank of the Richelieu, ii of an irregular figure, and ia an old frontier peat ; but little can be laid in favour of iu construction, or of the defences that lurround it, as they are merely field works strengthened by palisades and picketings ; within the fort are 20 L O N houses, including puUic storehouses, magaxines, &c. The British naval force employed on Lake Champlain has its principal station and arsenal here, where vessels mounting from 90 to 32 guns have been built. — The seigniory and barony are within the limits of the parishes of St. Antoine, St. Luc and Blairfindie. Statittict of the Paruhct of Blairfindie, St. Antoine aid St. Lue. Puldm. Blairfindie St. Antoine St. Luc I 1 I M70 340ft 3484 I282ff 1 ■ 1 ! 1 s"! a" 1 13 3 i 4 IS 34 SO I'artahet. BlnirfindiR St. Antoine St. LuR Annual Agrn'ttUurai i'ro«iuf». inbmhfh. 48000 39384 31200 112ftB4 i 3 28000 10100 30S00 72600 SOOO 2100 3010 1 1010 £ aoooo 3200 30S00 21700 0800 18S00 ll8700lS0080 h 10000 180 2000 12180 1 7S00 2300 40S0 i:i8sn 23S0 104S 920 03IS006S 3SS2 1308 1811 vm 1008 14S0 1270 6138 SlOO 80S3ll408l«l30! 3300' 177«^ lOUO, Tillii t:> irlgmonj and Iiarimy.—" Lettres du SCme Jaiivit-r, 1700, faite par w Majnt^ i Mr. Lemoine de LoHgiMuU, ^riK^ant en Uaronie la SviKneurie de Longueuit, *ituh' dans le diNtrict de Mmlrial eontonsnt dviix liciie!* oil environ de front mir le fleiive SI. l^urtnl, Riir trois lieuea et demie de prul'oiideiir. Autre roncemiioa du 8ine .luillft, 1710, fHltu |Mii- Mr. (/c Vatiriniiil, Gouverneiir, ft Hauilot, IntcnHant, au Baron de LrmgnruU, de truia lieuea de trout, ayaiit proluiideur juiiqu'it la rivii're Chambly, Muvuir, Iu cuiitiniiatidii d'uiie lieuo et demie de front au bout de la profondeur de i» Uaronie de LimgHehll, devant iiW'Cendre jusqu'a la dite rivii!re CHambly uwc une autie lieui' It dcniie de iiiAinu front au Sud-oucst de la pre- iniCre, •'MendHiit pareillement junqu'll la riviere Chambly, aiir le ruinb de vent de» uutren SeiKneurics du [lays ; /■tant lc» diton ponecnnionii en Hiigmeiitatiun de la Baronir rfc LoHfaiHU."— HfgMn driFoi rt llommagt, Ifo. M,JiJloiX —liiiiHualUnii du Ctmirtl SHpfrlfur, letlre B. folio 131. — t'liAiiri dInlfHd. No. 8 d l>,/i/lo 81U. LuNOUKUii., Nkw, seigniory, in the co. of \'uudrcuil, is scpuratetl from Upper Canada by the province line which forms its s. w. boundary ; ex- tending along the n. shore of Lake St. Francis it 18 Uiunded N. a. by Soulange, and is separated on the N. from the t. of Newton by the location of KKMl acres granted to the late Lieut. Col. de Lonjfiicuil.— 2 leagues in front by 3 in depth. Granted to the Chevalier de Longueuil, April 12, 1734, and now belongs to Saveuse de Beaujeu, Esq.— This tract lies rather low ; on the n. r. side part of ft great swamp spreads over a large space covered with cedar, spruce, fir and hemlock, the usual tenanu of such a soil, but which re- quires only draining to become good and profit- able land. To the a. w. the ground rises much above the level of the opposite side, and abounds with man/ spots suitable to the production of grain, henp and flax. — The woods aiTord abund- ance of fine trees, but beech and maple most pre- dominate. — The rivers Delisle and Baudet, on which are 2 bridges, a corn-mill and two saw-mills, water this S. very conveniently : the first crosses it diagonally from Upper Canada, where it has its source, into the S. of Soulange ; and the latter, at the 8. w. angle, descends from the upper part of the T. of Lancaster to Pointe au Baudet : neither is navigable, though on the latter, whose banks are much higher and current stronger, large quan- tities of staves and timber felled in its vicinity are ^i W LO N floated down to the St. Lawnnoe in the qwing, when the itream if swelled bjr the melted mow ud ice; thejr both turn lome good cam and nw- mQla. — The front of the Kigniory, along the St. Lawrence, between Ante aux Bateaux and Pointe an Baudet, ii rerjr low, and overflowed lo fre- quently ai to make it impracticable to maintain a pnqper road; but in winter, the route upon the ice along thii part, and on the north side of the lake into Upper Canada is preferred, ai being shorter than the road leading by the side of the river Delisle: this road is, however, called the prin- cipal one between the two provinces, but it will require much amendment to render it so con- venient as it ought to be for the increasing inter- course between these parts. — The grentest part of the concessions are near Anse aux Bateaux and Pointe au Baudet; on each side of the river Delisle ; and still farther to the rear in the Cdtes St. George and St. Andr6, where a number of Scotch families are settled, whose industry has so far benefited their lauds, that they are now among the best parts of the seigniory, although the other conceded lots are in a very fair state of agricul- tural improvement. The mole inhabitants are moltly voyageurt, a name given to the persons em- ployed in the n. v. (m trade, whose wandering mode of life, toilsome and laborious in the ex- treme, has more charms for them than the more regular*and profitable pursuits of husbandry.^ All this 8. is tit for cultivation, and it is supposed there are about 200 farms unconceded which would be soon taken if they were surveyed and the terms not too severe; these non-conceded lands, which for the most port are behind at the ends of the farms of 20 arpents, would be pre- ferred by the inhabitants provided their lands were thereby increased to 40 arpents. There ia no rood across the non-conceded lands, and all the lands on the COtc north of the r. De- lisle have been conceded, which extend only 20 arpents, but at the end of these 20 aqM.-nts the lands have neith^ been conceded nor surveyed ; these lands the grantees ardently desire to have in concession, in order to lengthen their farms, although all the wood has been cut down and removed. — No lands were conceded previous to 1769. — The Par'uk of St. Poly carp is co-exten- sive with the 8., and contains a chapel and about 500 families; although there is no village, this r. contains blacksmiths, Joiners, carpenten and LOT tannen.— There are 6 small islet in front which are appendages to the 8. Population S,7M Chapela I Cur^ . 1 Com-milU I Sttttutkt. CMding-mills FulUnK-miUt 8«w-niUa Potsshcrics Pcarlatberics 3 8hopkceperi 3 Tavern* 9 Artiwni 19 Wheat Oats Ammal jlgrkuUmral Produce. Budwb. Barley l&,900 11,300 Potatoes Builwb. 950 78,6U0 Live Stock. Honei . 7MI Cowi . I,I76| Swine . 1,190 Oxen 700 1 Sheep . 8,001 1 Title.—" Conceuion du 8lnie Avril, I73t, fsite par Charlft Marquh ie BeatiharnoU, Ooiivemrur, et Gillfi Uocquart, Intendant, k Joiepit Umuim, Cbevslier de LongueuU, de IVtendue de tcrre qui »e trou»e »ur le bord du fleuve St. Laurent, au lieu ippeli let Cateadei, depuin Is borne de Is Seigneurie de SotiUmge jusqu'it la Poinit d» Baudet incluoivement ; faiunt environ deux lieues dc front sur trt)ig licues de profondeur; Hvec ie* i«les ixletn ot Iwtures y adjscentes."— J7rf Jttr« i' Intcndunee, No. 7, fvlio iii, LoNOVK Points, la (P.), v. Montreal, S. LoRBTTR (V.), V. St. Gabriel, 8. LoRMiBRR, river, rises in the rear part of Carufel, and after intersecting the a. w. angle of Maskinong^ joins the Ruisseau du Bois Blanc, and their united waters fall into Lake St. Peter a little B. w. of the mouth of the R. RIaskinonge. LoTBiNiBRB, county, in the district of Quebec. is bounded n. b. by the 8. w. boundary line of the seigniories of Lauson, St. Etienne, and Ste. Marie, to tl406 81. Aniolne . 90II9 44M S 8 8 8 4 1 I 5 I 1 I Annual AxrlniHural PMducf , In buihcl*. 18400 I IMKI STOOff 80406 I 100^040 1001 H»0 SS()8000 ft7(w inoo jaooioaoo 18400 LIvr KliMk. m 800 too im lAmiwii Ml 700 4111 IflOO I7A0 I Aoiin 4U4U I0B40 1900 1900; moo! I '' i '^ IBOO 10001 MMOlMOOi L U 8 TUk.—Pnmkr* Ptrtk.^"' CoMewioa du 3b« Ne> vembre, 1678, bite par Jean Tabm, Intendant, au Sieur Mar$olit d*uiie demi lieue de front lur unc Heue et demi de profondeur, i prendre lur U flcuve St. Lmirtul, depuit la graiide riviere dm CMm, jiuqu'auz term non concM^ca, tirant Tcra lea terrea de St. Ctnix.'—CMert J'lmUnd. Ko. StecomJe Parlle.—*' Conceeaion du Sine NoTembrr. 1679, fitite par Jcaa Takm, Intendant, au Sieur tie LMUntirt, «fe ritendue de terre qui se trouve sur le tieuve SI. Laurent, depuia la conceaiion du Sieur Martolel juiqu'i cclle dei Religieuiea Urauliiiea (Sle. Croix), sur deux lieuea de profondeur."— CoAier* ttlnlend. JVo. 10 d 17,/o eur du fief de Lotbtnfere, et celui appeK' la putite riviere du Chine (les trois concessions pr^^deiites a lui apparte- nante) ensemble tons les boiit, pr^, isles, rivitres et lacs qui s'y trouvent"— CaAi«r« d^lntendance. No. 9, 10, d 17, flHoiW. Loirp, DU (R.), in the S. of Riv. du Loup, v. Ou Loup. Loup, av, (S.), v. Riviuns du Loup. LouTRKs, aux, river, rises in the s. w. part of the fi^f St. Etienne, and traversing the 8. of Pointe du Lao runs into the N. side of Lake St. Peter. LuBSAUOisBB, seigniory, in the co. of Yamaska, is bounded n. b. by Baie St. Antoine ; s. w. by 8t. Francois ; in the r-ar by Pierreville ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — One league square. Con< eeded Oct. 22, 1672, to Sieur de ia Lussaudiere, and after it had lapsed to the French crown it was granted, July 26, 1603, to Sieur de Lamotte de Luci^re. — The land is generally of a better quality than that in the adjoining seigniory of Yamaska, with less of a sandy description : the front is so low as to be overflowed in the spring by Lake St. Peter, and consists of very tine meadow and good pasturage: towards the rear the ground rises gradually, with some patches of fair arable land. The timber is not of the best kinds, particularly ia firont. About one-third of the seigniory is cul> tivated, and the most improved settlements are contiguous to the main road on either side, where some of the lots and farms denote a favourable state of husbandry. . MAD rufa.— " Conccaaion du a6m« Juillct, 1663^ fcite par Messrs. Lefelwn de la Barre, OouTemeur, ct d* Meulltt, Intendant, au Siour dt Lamotte dt LmeUrt. de la terre ct seigneurie de la Luamudlere, rooeUim par Mr. Talom, In. tendant. le tiMme Octobre, I67t, au 8ieur de la Lutiau dk r t, et r^unie au domaine de ta M^jesti par rOrdonnance du 86me Mai, 1063, eonaistaat en une beue da fhmt aur ma de profondeur, a prendre depuis lea terrci du Sieur Cr*' w(er, en descendant vera la riviere Nkolel, le chenail Urdif y comprii."— CaAier* dintendanei, No. i m9, JbHo SOt. Jmimualiont du ConuU Sufdriettr, leUre U. fiUo 136. M- gittte d'intendauee. No, itJbUo 22. LuseoN, seigniory, in the co. of Saguenay, lies along the St. Lawrence and extends 1 league in front, and is i league a. w. of the little river be« twcen Echaffaud au Basque and the k. Saguenay. Granted Nov. 7, 1672, to Sieur de St. Lusson. Title " Concession du 7me Novrmbre, 1678, (kite par Jean Talon, Intendant, au Sieur de St. Lnimm, dHine lieue de terre de front sur (en hUmc^ de profondeur, k prendre sur le fleuve St. Laurent, savoir, une demie lieue en dcfa de la petite riviire qui est entre I'K^aJaud au Batqae, et le Saguenap, et une demie lieue au deU ; ensemble lisle nomm^e I'lsle au Sieur.'— lUgitlrt SIntendance, No. \, folio 46. M. Machichk, rivers, in the co. of St. Maurice. The Grande Rivi^e Machiche, or Riviere li Max- cin, rises in a large lake near the n. w. extremity of the rear boundary line of Caxton, and running B. tlirough that t. traverses the rear part of Oa- tineau and enters Dumontier ; where, meandering on the boundary line of those seigniories, it pene- trates the N. E. angle of Orosbois or Machiche, and in that S. taking a sudden turn to the a. w. falls into Lake St. Peter. — The Petite Rivit^re Ma- chiche rises in several small lakes in the t. of Caxton also, and, running a. through the lands belonging to the Forges of St. Maurice and part of fief St. Etienne, intersects the n. w. angle of Pointe du Lav and traverses the front of Gatinoau ; it then enters Grosbois and soon after falls into Lake St. Peter one mile m. of the rhuruh. — These two small rivers are about 18 m. from the n. St. Maurice and are of sufficient force to drive mills but are not navigable, the Greater Machiche being capable of carrying bottatix > vince of New Brunswick, which cost 300/. and extends S8 miles and is 12 ft. wide— Every part of both sides of this r. would be without doubt soon settled if good roads were made. Maddinoton, township, in the co. of Nicolet, is bounded n. b. by Blandford ; n. and n. w. by the seigniories of Gentilly, Coumoyer, Dutort and Becancour ; it fronts b. and 8. w. on the r. Becancour, which separates it from the townships of Bulstrode and Aston. — The land is level in the interior and towards the s., but more elevated to- wards the w. and a. w. in the direction of the r. Becancour. There are many savannas and the soil in general is tolerably good; in some places of a su- perior quality, in others rocky and very inferior. Some parts would produce hemp and flax. In the surveyed parts, lying contiguous to the river, the land is of the same nature and quality as that of Aston, and equally capable of being turned to good account in the hands of able farmers. On the higher grounds some excellent timber may be found, but on the lower parts only the indiiferent assortment of cedar, hemlock, and similar kinds. This T. is watered by the Oentilly and the Be- cancour, and the latter, which winds in a circular direction ft^mi the a. b. to the n. w. angle, presents several very eligible situations for the erection of mills, — The principal proprietors are Mr. Allsop and the heirs of the Hon. Jenkin Williams. — A winter road traverses this t. and communicates from the village St. Antoine, in Becancour, to the river of that name, about 13 m. in length.— There is only one settlement near the river Becancour, on the side of Blandford, on which are 12 persons. Slatistk: Population 90 Ammal AgrituUunI Prtiaet. BuduU. I BiHlMlt. I BatlMlt. Whemt . 30 Pototoet . M Indian com *> Oati . . 40 Peas • . l»l Lhie Slock. Hones Oxen 8 1 Cows 3 1 Sheep i I Swine Madrid (F.), v. ORANDrai. Maodrlainr, fief, in the co. of Gasp^, is bounded r. by the S. of Grande Vallte des Monts ; w. and 8. by waste lands ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — One league in breadth by 2 leagues in depth. Granted to Sieur Rirerin, March 28. 1680.— This p. is traversed by the R. Magdehune. Title " Conresuon du 88nie Mars, 1689, faite par Jaeauet de Britay, Oouverneur, et Jean Bofharl, Intendant, ■u Sieur Riverin, de U rivi«re de la Maedelaine, rCant su desRUS des monts Notre Damr, du cot^ du Sud, eniemble demi lieue au desaus et demi lleue au desaous de la dite rivifre, le long du tieuve St. Laurent, avec deux lienes de profondeur."— fl^^iJre d^Inttndanct, Xo, 3,/Wio 1J6. Maodrlainb, river, rises in waste lands in the CO. of Gasp^, and traversing the S. of Magdelainc falls into the St. Lawrence. Maodalrn Islands are in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between the parallels of lat. 4?* 30' and 47° 38! n. and the degrees of Ion 61o 37 and 62° w. from the meridian of Greenwich. — These small islands are in a cluster and are 1 1 in num- ber, and are included in the co. of Gasp<>. Five of them are inhabited. They are called Magdalen lalund, IsleRoyalc, or Coffin's Island Orion, or Cross Island Bird Isles, two Sbug Isle Saniidf'r's Isle Wolfe's Isle Entry Isle Deadman's Isle Amherst Isle- Magdalen Itland (n. b. point) is in lat. 47° 37' 37' N. and in Ion. 61° 26 51 ' w., the variation of the compass being 22° 26 w. This island, which is also called Isle Royale and Coffin's Island, is in general barren and mountainous. It contains some settlements and is 17 leagues in length ; in some places it is about 1 league wide, while in other places it is only one arpent wide. In the lower parts the land is sandy and soft, com- prising a number of quicksands, occasioned by several small channels that originally had a com- munication with the sea, but which have since been filled up by the violence of the winds. It is uni- •^ rfi t 1 3 ■■ , 1 -I [■ I MAGDALEN ISLANDS. :t! ?p vemlljr declared by the old inhabitant* that into the largest lake, which ii near the k. point, they have seen ships of 3 masts and tolerable burthen go in and out with safety, though the entrance is at present dry at low water. BrioH Itlani, containing about 60 or 70 square arpents, bears n. by the compass and is about 10 miles from Magdalen Island. It is nearly sur- rounded with high capes, and on the n. side is some dear land of tolerably good quality. Its lat. (N. B. point) is 470 48* 8' w. Bird hltmda, northernmost, in lat 47° 50^ 28" and in Ion. dP 12* 33" w., are two in number and contain about 4 square arpents each and consist of two rocks, elevated above the water upwards of 100 feet ; their flattened summits, each not ex- ceeding in circumference 300 paces, exhibit a re- splendent whiteness produced by the quantities of ordure with which they are covered from im- mense flocks of birds, which, in summer, take possession of the apertures in the perpendicular difis, where they form their nests and produce their young; when alarmed they hover above the rocks and overshadow their tops by their numbers. The abundance of their eggs affords to the in- habitants of the neighbouring coast a material supply of food. Entry Isle contains nearly 100 square arpents. —The population of these islands, although it does not exceed 1000, has considerably increased nnce 1703, when, it is said, there were only 10 families. In \^^\ there were 13 heads of fami- lies; in 1707 the population amounted to 500; in I7O8, when Sir Isaac Coffin took possession of these islands by virtue of a grant from the British crown, there were 100 families, the descendants of Acadians or Canadians ; in 1821 the number of fiunilies had increased to 133, and now amounts to 163, the present population being about 1000, chiefly French Acadians, among whom there are 5 Irish families and 11 English women. They are all catholics, except 4 or 5 families. The in- habitants, who derive their subsistence chiefly from the fisheries, are in general remarkably hale and healthy, with light complexions and flaxen hair. They are cheerful in character, and the females remarkably modest and ingenuous. Xka inhabit- ants suffer great inconvenience fro^^he ship- wrecks which frequently happen on these islands^ when each family is sometimes obliged to support '3 or 4 persons, who would perish without such succour; this indiqiensable charity, added to their remoteness from any provision market, frequently creates a suardty of provisions, more especially as, for 6 or 7 months in the winter, their cmnmuni- cation with every other part of the world is cut off. So frequent have shipwrecks been on these islands that Capt. Fougire, for 10 successive years, brought off these islands annually about 200 ship- wrecked persons, who, without the chaiitafale assistance of the poor native inhabitants, would have perished. — The houses are built with timber only, and are in siie from 26 to 30 ft. by 18 to 20 feet wide ; the chimneys are built of clay or earth of a iicd<1iili odour.— There are but few roads in these islands, and to pass through the woods on the high capes is very difficult. — The quality of the wood is very inferior and chiefly consists of sapin, red and white epinette, and birch. — There are no minerals of any consequence in these islands, although in some places are found plaster of Paris and ochre of various colours, red, yellow, white and some bordering on sky-blue, and Entry Isle produces fine red. — These islands are totally unfit for the general purposes of agri- culture, or, at least, that means of subsistence ia wholly neglected, the inhabitants relying entirely on the profits of their fisheries ; potatoes, which however generally fail, are the only produce of the soil, with the exception of forage grown on the natural meadows and pastures, with which a tolerable proportion of live stock are sustained. Some fowls an bred but no geese, and bustards are to be met with in spring and autumn. That agriculture ought not to be so entirely neglected may be reasonably inferred from the fact, that every season produces a great quantity of juniper berries, strawberries, raspberries, &c. — No reptiles of any kind are to be found in these islands, and the only wild animals are rabbits and a great number of foxes of a silver or gray colour.— There are two churches and a presbytery for the resident missionary ; one church is 60 (t. by 30, the other 65 ft. by 33 ; the presbytery, which is built of wood, is 36 feet by 26 and has the convenience of a stable and garden. The tithes payable to the missionary consist in half a quintal of fish frtmi each fiimily, which is generally sold at 10«. per quintal. — The fisheries constitute the only wealth of these islands and the sole means of subsistence for the inhabitants. The fisheries an chiefly for seal, herring and cod; ceb are cau^t !i .1 ur. — for ft. by hich the tithes int«l Bold the nsof M am BUght MAO with the harpoon, fine trout* are also harpooned in the rireia at the flambeau ; and flattana, a fish measuring about 3| ft. long hy T at 8 inches, are caught and also macrow lofasten, which are oon« sumed by the inhabitants. Codfish, valued at 14». per quintal, is exchanged for pork valued at JL per barrel, and when it is sold for cash it brings 10s. per quintal. 900 quintals of codfish and 3000 seals are caught annually, and each seal generally produces 7 gallons of oil. Some of the fisheries are conducted on shares, which are divided among 5, 6 or 7 men, who are employed in one vessel; the fish caught are divided among them equally after reserving one share for the owner of the vessel. The fisheries were described, in 1821, to have been reduced to one-third of what they were 15 or 16 years before that ]ieriod. The inhabitants earn their living chiefly by the cod fishery, and in the spring some of them go in pursuit of seals. Formerly the sea-cow abounded here and a considerable trade was carried on in the sale of that animal ; but it is no longer found and the trade has ceased for nearly 40 years. The sea-cow is an unwieldy amphibious animal, resembling in figure and colour the toad, with a he»d bearing some resemblance to that of the ox. The sea-cow fishery has ceased to be prac- tised in the Magdalen Islands, very probably on account of their being frightened away by unskil- ful fishermen, the too frequent approach of boats, or an indiscreet use of fire-arms in shooting them in their echouages or strands, where they were formerly taken by 300 or 400 together. The sea-cow fishing was an object of considerable in- terest from its immense produce, and it is much to be lamented that so valuable a branch of the St. Lawrence fisheries should have been thus dis- continued. In order to protect the fisheries, French vessels are not permitted to approach these islands nearer than 3 leagues. The Americans, however, fish there and anchor in the harbours, and about 20 vessels come every year and sometimes all of them arrive in the space of 8 days, viz. between the 8th and 16th of May. — There are about four harbours on the Magdalens, vis. that of Jupiter, Amherst, Basque and Haywood. The harbour of Jupiter has most water upon the bar. At Amherst harbour, which is esteemed the second best, the proprietors have their house and carry on the cod fishery ; the harbour of Haywood has only 6 feet at low water upon the bar. Three of M A L these are very safe fat such vessels u can enter them. Basque harbour was fotmerly very good, having had three channels into it and a great depth of water ; hut at present it is so choked up with sand, which the sea has thrown up, that there is not above 3 or 4 feet of water at the en« trance, and it is, eonsequently, impracticable for any thing but shallops or boats. — The Magdalen Islands were granted to Sir Isaac Coffin as a re- ward for his naval services. — The inhabitants are very dissatisfied and have required by petition the repossession of their fishing-grounds; and say, that, instead of being discouraged by annual rents, they ought rather to receive encouragement to remain, and that stores ought to be established in the islands on account of the shipwrecks which annually occur, these islands pnKlucing absolutely nothing. — There are no crown reservations in these islands, although there are clergy reservations. StotUticB, Horses Cows Uxen Population . too . 316 . 140 Home-made cloth 1000 Sheep . . iSa Swine . . SCO Some fowls and buttsrds. 1875 yards. Shallops Fishing-boats 30 from 86 to 30 tons each. loa Magog, river, in the cos. of Stanstead and Sherbnxike, rises in Lake Memphramagog, from the N. E. extremity of which in the t. of Hatley it issues, and running through Lake Scaswani- nepus forms the boundary line between Ascot and Orford, and falk into the b. St. Francis at the village of Sh** i rtmke, where it constitutes the Forks of Ascoi -i ^amonly called the Lower Locks. — It runs aboui 14 miles from the Lake Scaswaninepus. Mauku, river, rises near the centre of the island of Orleans, and running s. falls into the St. Lawrence. It drives a mill near its mouth. Mailloux, river, in the S. of Murray Bay, rises in the concession of Lisle, and running 8. k. traverses the concession of St. Charles, and falls into the St. Lawrence. It drives a saw and a corn-mill near its mouth. Malbay, river, rises in the Montagnes des Roches in the co. of Saguenay. It runs a. to the St. Lawrence between the seigniories of Murray Bay and Mount Murray. Malbat (S.), i;. Murray Bay. '' • *! tr! !-' 'S MAR MAR I'l . I I f I' ^u * Mal Bat, in the co. of Oaip^, lies b.w. of Oaip^ Bay. It ii about 6 milet deep and 6 milei wide at iti entrance. Very near its loutliwardly point u a remarlutUe rock rinng about 300 feet out of the water and of about 1300 feet in length, in which there are three arches completely wrought by nature ; the centre one it sufficiently large to admit a boat under sail to pass through it with ease: from this rock, round Malbay to Point Peter, there is an excellent beach for fishing, part of which is named La Belle Anse, or Lobster Beach : close to this place is the house of the late Governor Coxe. — Mal Bay River empties itself at the head of the bay; its estuary, with the ex- ception of the bed of the river, is almost dry at low water and affords a convenient strand for river craft and boats. Manicouaoan or Black River, rises in the territory of Labrador and entering into the n. b. part of the co. of Saguenay falls into the St. Lawrence. It is a considerable stream. The Manicouagan Shoal advances from the n. shore of the St. Lawrence upwards of 2 leagues, and de- rives its name from the river. Manioousito (R.), v. Shawenegan. Mansfield, a projected township fronting the N. channel of the Otlawa, which divides the t. from the Island of Grand Callumet. Midway of the frontage of this t. are the Little Falls of the Ghrand Callumet. The n. w. angle is watered by the B. Coulonge. Mabaib, des, a small river running into the B. Saguenay. Mabanda, fief, in the co. of Lotbiniere, fronts the St. Lawrence for three quarters of a league, lying between the seigniories of Tilly and Bon- secours. It was granted in equal moieties to the Sieurs Duquet, father and son, Nov. 3rd, 1673. — This fief is watered by the b. Vilieu. Tilk.—Partte nord-eit. — " Concpssion faite au Sieur Duquet, Pire, le Sine Nuvembre, 1672< por Jto* Tahm, lotendant, de trrnte arpviis de terre de trout 8ur vinquante de profondeur, il prendre siir Ic fleuve St. Laurent, depuia U conceMion du Sieur Duquet son fils, juaqu'aux terrea non-conotd^."— R^l^'red'/Ntenddiire, No. \,Jblio1A. Partit lud-oueit, — *' Concesaion faite an Sieur Duquet, fila, le Sme Novembre, 1672, par ./<.-«» TaUm, Intendant, de trente arpena de terre de fVont aur cinquante de pro> fondeur, sur le fleuve St. Laurent, depuis la riviere Vilieu juaqu'aux terrea wm^ottctdte».''—Mgiitre (Tlntendanee, JV(>. l,/l)Ho36. Mabanion (F.), v. Lavzon. Mabeb, des, river, in the S. of C6te de Beau* pr^, rises in the rear of ^he concession St. Gabriel which it travenet, and, in the concession of Mare i la Trinity, it runs into the B. du Ooufire. Near its mouth it turns a saw-milL Mabia, township, in the co. of Bona venture, fronts the Bay of Chaleurs and is bounded x. by Richmond, w. by Carleton, and in the rear by waste lands. The front of this t. forms the w. side of an open bay called Cascapebiac, where the anchorage, even for vessels of the smallest bur- den, is a mile from the shore, on account of the shoals at low water. In this t. are lofly moun- tains. Population Shopkeepera Slotislks. SS2 1 River-craft 8 1 Tonnage 3 1 Keel-boaU 22a| 18 Wheat OaU Horses Oxen Annual Agricultural Produce. ButhcU. I 1,760 Potatoes 8,680 Live Slock. 70 146 Cows Sheep 181 1 Swine 618 1 Butheb. 15^800 878 Mabib Annb (F.), v. Carufel, S. Mabienequataoook, or " The beautiful land turtle," river, in the co. of Rimouski, rises in two lakes, one n. a. and the other b. of Long Lake, with which they are connected by portages. It runs B. B. into the b. St. John. Mabioban, river, in fief Lepinay in the co. of Quebec. Mablow, township, in the co. of Beauce, ex- tends N. R. and s. w. from the b. du Loup to the B. Chaudiire, and is bounded on the other sides by Jersey and Risborough. Mabbolbt, fief, in the S. of Cap de la Made- leine, is half a league in front on the St. Law- rence and 3 leagues in depth. Mabsolbttb, river, in the p. of St. Joachim in Cdte de Beaupr^, falls into the St. Lawrence opposite the n. a. point of the Island of Orleans. Mabbton, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is bounded b. by Clinton and Chesham, n. by Hampden, and fronts the w. side of Lake Me- gantic. The whole of this t. has been surveyed, but only one quarter of it granted and no part settled. The land is irregular, hilly and fre- quently very stony, but mostly of a moderately good soil, and many spots present eligible situa- tions for the culture of hemp and flax. The nut kit, '.\ r ill iel ■re ear lie, by by I w. the bur- ' the Dun< . IB lutheb. 15,800 272 illand in two ;Lake, ei. It CO. of ex- to the lidesby Made- Law- 'oachim wrence eans. brooke, N. by ke Me- irveyed, no part id fre- derately utua- The MAS timber forms but an indifferent mixture of maple, fir, hemlock, cedar and spruce. — Watered by several streams and small lakes, besides Lake Me- gantic, near which are some very excellent mea- dows. The scenery in the vicinity of the lake is beautifully picturesque, as the lund rises gradually from its borders clothed with a rich verdure, and embellished by large groups of stately trees rang- ing above each other until they crest the summit, and exhibit a most enchanting variety of foliage. The waters abound with excellent fish, and the country around this sequestered and romantic spot is the resort of almost every species of game. — Ungranled and unlocated, 43,996 acres. Martel, fief, is in the S. of L'Assomption ; its centre is about 4 m. from the R. L'Assomption. In this small fief rises the Ruisseau de la Cabunne Rondc, which runs into the r. Mascouche. Marystown, v. Beauhamois, S. Mascouche (R.), v. Ste. Anne, r. in the S. of Lachenaye. Mascouiaxe Lake is connected with Lake Wiscouamatche by a short portage. It is 1 >, m. wide and about 4 m. long ; it is very deep and abounds with excellent fish. There are several islands in this lake on the east side, and on that side the mountains rise to an extraordinary height. Maskinonob, river and lake. — The river rises in the lake which lies in the n. angle of the t. of Brandon. It runs through much rough and mountainous country, and 200 miles from its source falls into the St. Lawrence. After leaving the lake, this r. directs its course s. e. and then s. passing through the S.of Lanaudirre, then through fief Carufel, and lastly through the S. of Mas- kinonge, where it foils into the bay of that name and loses its waters in the St. Lawrence. About 8 miles from its mouth it is navigable for boats and canoes as far as the Great Rapids, where there is a great, fall of more than 300 ft. The banks of this r. are from 10 to 18 ft. high, and over it a new bridge has been erected near a small village that contains a church, a few taverns and some shopkeepers. — Along this r. are many mill-sites, particularly at its mouth, where there are, for about 12 arpents, cascades and rapids which offer successively the most advantageous situations for the erection of mills. In the vicinity of its fall is a number of iron mines, where forges might be established at little expense. — Mas- k'lnonge Lake is about 4 miles long, \\ m. broad MAS and m. in circumference. It is well stocked with various kinds of excellent fish, particularly that called Maskinong^, and around it is a consi- derable extent of marshy ground producing wild hay. The surrounding scenery possesses many na- tural beauties of a wild and sublime description, presenting an amphitheatre of rising grounds and lofty hills, backed by the magnificent ridge of mountains running westwardly from Quebec, and many other bold features of a romantic country. Maskinonob or Lanaudierk, seigniory, in the CO of St. Maurice, lies in the rear of Carufel. It is 2 leagues in front and extends in depth so far as to comprehend Lake Maskinong^. Granted, Mar. 1, 1750, to C. F. T. de Lanaudi^re, and is now the property of the Hon. T. Pothier, — This seigniory includes Lake Maskinongt', by which it is watered as well as by some small lakes, but principally by the river Maskinongt. — No part of this S., except the fief Marie-Anne, is conceded, and there is no road across the non-fltnceded lands, which were partly surveyed in 1804. The number of concessions is, therefore, small in pro- portion to the extent of the S. Statiglici. Population 109 1 Saw-milU . .1 Annual Agricultural Produce. ■VVhcBt Oats . ButheU. . .380 . 500 BuihcU. Budicb, Potatoes 3,000 Indian com 100 Peas 800 Live Slock. florscg Oxen 39 1» Cou-8 . 78 Swine . OU Sheep . 50 Tilk: — " Concession du premier Mars, 17u0, faite pw le MarquU de la Jonquiere, Gouvernenr, ct Franfoli Bigot, Intendant. au Sieur Churlei Fraufoit Taricu de LunaudSre, de deux lieues ou environ de front, it prendre au bout du lief Carufel, sur la profondeur qui se truuve jusqu'au lac Ma$kinimgi, le dit lac compris dang toute son ^tendue, avec les isles, islets et batures qui se trouveront en icelui." —lUgistrc ittntendiince, \o. 9, folio 48. Maskinonge, seigniory, in the co. of St. Mau- rice, is bounded n. k. by the S. of Riviere du Loup; s. w. by Berthier; in the rear by Dusabk- and Carufel; in front by Lake St. Peter. It contains two separate grants: that of the N. B. part, 1^ league in front by the same depth, was made, Nov. 1672, to Peter and John Baptiste Legardeur, Sieurs de St. Michel ; and the s. w. part, a league in front by a league in depth, on the same day to Sieur John Baptiste Legardeur. The soil is rich, and in some places would be ex- , >! ih 'Hi 1 H ; r i 'i;|. v.i ill ':■ !■■ il 1!', ■ *.- i! [1 ' „ , ■:iR^' ; .1' ,' '■ 1 '.r J i _] '■ l' 1^ ' 1 < u MAS cellent for kemp and flax. The land in general il rather flat, and towanU the front U lo low as to be lometime* overflowed in the spring; but this only serves to enrich the fine meadows and good pasture-grounds that border the river. The timber has been very much thinned. This 8. is very well watered by some small streams and the large river Maikinongti, which winds through the centre and is navigable for boats and canoes for several miles up.— About two-thirds are in cultivation. Thebestsettlementsare on the borders of Chenaildu Nord, on both sides of the road leading to Quebec, and on the east bank of the Maskinong^, over which there is a bridge. There is no village in the seigniory, but it has a church and parsonage- house, one corn-mill and one saw-milL At the entrance of the Maskinong6 there are two or three large islands, forming difierent channels into it; they are all flat and low, but covered with various sorts of inferior wood. Timber from Carufel, &c, and the townships in the rear, is brought down the Maskinong^ into the St. Law- rence. — The fief Petit Bruno lies at the a. w. angle of this S. ; it is nearly square, and fronts the North Channel, which separates it from Isle Dupas. — The Parish of Matkinongi, by an Order in Council, dated Mar. 3, 1722, extends 2} leagues in front, viz. 1^ league square N. k. and 1 league square s. w., including Carufel. Many farms in this p. near the river Maskinong6 were conceded before 1 759 and measured 4 arpents by about 90 in breadth, each paying to the seignior an annual rent of one pistole. Statistics. Population 3,770 1 Pulling-mills Churches, R. C. 1 Saw-miUs . Cur^s Prcsbvteries Schools Villages . Corn-millR Carding-mills Tanneries Potasberics Pearlasheries Distilleries . Just, of peace Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns . Artisans River^raft Tonnage KeeUboats 1 6 6 18 1 2j Annual AgricHUiiral Produce, ^Vheat Oats Barley Hones Oxen Buthcb. 20,fl()0 87,800 3,900 Biuhclt. I Buiheli. Potatoes 29,200 Rye . 800 Peas . 4,000 Indian corn 75 Live Slock. 750 1 Cows 805 1 Sheep 1,8001 5,(X)0| Swine 1,400 Title. — Parlie nord'Cst. — " Concession du 3mt Novem- bre, 1071, faite par Jean Talon, Intendant, k Pierre et Bf A 8 Jean Baplltle LegarJenr, Sieurs de St. Michel, d'une licue et demi de lerre de front sur pareille profondeur; i pren> dri- sur Ic Chenail du Nord du fleuve St. Laurent, savoir: trois quarts da lleue au dessous de la riviere Matkinongi, et BUtant au dessus ; la ditc riviire comprise."— ff^^Mrr tlnlendanct, No. I, folio 84. Parlie tuj oueit.—" Concession du Sme Novembre, 1678, fiiitc par Jean Tahm, Intendant, au Sieur Jean Baptitle Lrgardeur, d'une licue de terre de front sur une licue de profuiideur, k prendre sur le fleuve SI. Laurent, depuis les trois quarts de lieues act^ord^s au Sieur Le- gardeiir de St. Michel, sur trois audessus de la rivliTe dc Matkinongi."— Mgiftre d" Inlendance, No. I, folio 3^. Massiwippi, lake, in the co. of Stanstead. CommiiisionerB were appointed in 1829 by the House of Assembly to superintend the making and repairing the road from Lake Massiwippi to Yamaska Alountain in the S. of St. Hyacinthe, and the sum of .£1,500 was voted to carry the necessary measures into efiect. As this road is the grand thoroughfare to Slontreal for the town- ships of Hatley, Bamston, Stanstead, Ascott, Or- ford, Eaton, Newport, Compton, Hereford and the country east of Lake Memphramagog, it must be regretted that the sum appropriated is not ade- quate, according to the report of the commission- ers, to meet the expense any farther than Stuke- ley line, which leaves ShefTord and Stukeley without any assistance, a distance of more than 20 miles. The mode in which this sum of ^1,500 has been expended is as follows : On the 7t miles of wilderness from Lake^ Massiwippi to the outlet of Lake Mem- > phramagog . . ,3 55 rods w. of Orford Mountain 00 rods round the base of Orford Mountain 600 rods in the t. of Gninhy £ t. d. 603 10 85 187 10 175 Expended in day labour on the road from the outlet of l. Memphramagog to Stukeley line } 1,081 419 1,500 The sum already granted appears to be very in- adequate to the end proposed, especially as more than usual difficulties occur in ShefTord on account of the disproportionate extent of crown and clergy reservations in that township. The commissioners report thut an additional sum of at least £2,000 will be required to effect the object in view. Massiwippi, river, rises in Lake Tumefobi in the T. of Hatley, and afler traversing the Ist, 2nd and 3rd ranges runs through the n, w. angle of Compton to Ascot, where it joins the Coaticook at the 8. extremity of the 7th and 8th ranges. The junction of these rivers is remarkable for MAT MAT having been the site of the fint lettlements fonned bjr Mr. Hyatt. Matane, rirer, rises in the rear of the Papa of Matane in the T. of St. Dennis, and taking a cir- cuitous course enters the S. of Matane at the a. w. comer, and in the middle of the front of that S. falls into the St. Lawrence. — A sand-bar across the muuth of the river obstructs its navigation at low water, but schooners ascend about 40 or 50 yards up to the manor-house at high tide. Far- ther up are the rapids, which offer a propitious situation for a mill, and also contribute to the embellishment of the scenery, which is by no means uninteresting. These rapids are stated by Indians to be the only impediment to the naviga- tion of the river, for above them the course of the B. is uninterrupted. AIatank, seigniory, in the co. of Rimouski, is bounded n. b. and in the rear by the t. of St. Dennis; s. w. by the t. of Matane ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — This S. with its augmentation is, according to title, 2^ leagues square; and was originally granted to Sieur Damour, June 26, 1677' — The soil is excellent and consists, gene- rally, of a thin stratum of sand on a rich sub- stratum of marl. The principal settlements occupy both banks of the B. Matane, and extend about a mile above its mouth ; they cover a super- ficial extent not exceeding 600 acres of cultivated land, and their population is about 300. A church built of wood stands a few perches k. of the manor-house, and, at some distance below it, is built the seignorial mill on a little creek too small to work it effectually. These settlements are but partially seen from the St. Lawrence, being in- land and, in some degree, concealed by the bluff point or mound, that rises singularly abrupt and isolated w. of the mouth of the h. Matane.— The Parith of Matane lies about 30 miles below Mitis. The intermediate distance being a total wilderness, without a road of communication traversing it ; the intercourse between these places is kept up by water, and, sometimes, with difficulty, by the beach; which, being a beau- tiful firm sand, is used as the high way at low water; the accumulation of drifted timber and rubbish above high water mark render- ing the communication by land impracticable at any other time — A few wretched habitations are scattered along the beach to the eastern extremity of the seigniory. The fisheries in this 8. and its vicinity are worthy of enoouragement, and might produce very considerable advantages to the in- habitants. The cod fishery, which is the principal, may be said to commence at Matane. The seasons vary consideraUy in their productiveness, and it is not at all times that the fishing boats can be sent out on account of stormy weather, and even in a productive season the result is but casuaL The produce of the Matane cod fishery is salted and dried, and disposed of on the spot to the inhabitants of the neighbouring parishes and settlements, and for home consumption. No fish is taken to Quebec, though much might be sent, owing to the want of encouragement in the Quebec markets. From 9*. to 10s. is the price offered for it there, per cwt., which does not reward the curer for his labour and expense. He would not be satisfied under 12«. 6d. to 15<. The fisheries of Cape Chat and Ste Anne, particularly that of Cape Chat, are considerably more productive in cod fish than the Matane fishery. — The produce of those fisheries, like that of Matane, is generally sold in parishes above them, after being bartered fur dry goods and liquors. There are salmon fisheries at all these places, which, with encourage- ment, might be rendered much more productive than they are : only about 6 to 8 tierces are taken to market from Ste. Anne's, and as many from Cape Chat ; from Matane about 10 tierces. The average price of salmon per tierce is 4/. The river Matane abounds with trout of from 4 to 7 lbs. weight, which is an excellent fish when pro- perly cured, but it is an article not much attended to from the little sale it meets with. With judicious encouragement all these fisheries might be made much mure productive, and prove a source of advantage both to the seller and buyer. Statistics, Population ZiS f Presbyteries . 1 CburcLe»,R.C. llCom-miUs . 1 Saw-miils Annual AgrkuUural Produce. Bushels. Wheat . 780 UhU . 1,010 JJurley . MO Potatoes 10,000 Buihek. Peas . 400 Rye . 50 ludian com 60 Mixed grain 50 Cwt. Maple sugar lH Tom. 118 Hsy Live Stock. Horses Oxen 57 I Cows 50 I Sheep 98 I Swine 320 108 Tille. — " Cunccssion du 26me Juin, 1677, frits par JaejHA Duchemcau, Intendunt au Sieur Damour, d'une lieue et denie de terre de front, sur une lieue de pitrfon. bb2 A ),' MAT MAT ^ii m> If M ilcur, (avoir, ime demi lieue au de^a et une deoii lieue «u fIcU de la riviere Matane, ct jiar augmrntatioii uiic mitre lieue de terrp de front, aiisai aur une lieue et deinic de profondeur, y joiKiuint, ■ prendre du e6t« de la riviere Mith.' — iHtimmHom du ConteU Sipericur, Let. D. folio 9. Matanb, township, in the co. of Rimouski, is bounded n. k. by the S. of Matane ; s. w. and in the rear by waste lands; in front by the St. Lawrence. It is about 9 m. in breadth, 1 1 miles in depth, and is well watered. The principal rivers are the Grande Rivi( re Blanche and the Matane. At the mouth of the Blanche is an ex- cellent mill site. — Vngranted and unlocattd 55,556 acres Matapkoiac Lakk lies in the co. of Rimouski, and in the rear of the crown lands lietween the t. of Matane and the S. of Mitis. This spacious lake is in the high lands that separate the waters running into the St. Lawrence from those that run to the bay of Chaleurs. — A grant of this lake, and one league of land round it, was made May 26, 1694, to Sieur N J. Daraour : it now belongs to Grant, Esq. and others The lake is tmta 15 to 16 miles long, and not above one league in its greatest breadth ; it is about 31 m. from the St. Lawrence, and lies s. s. b. of the S. of Mitis. The surrounding lands form a valuable tract of country, and would doubtless become by due encouragement to settlers a flourishing part of Canada, as the lake, with other advantages, possesses abundHnce of salmon, trout and white fish, and is na.igable for rafts of all kinds of timber, with which the batiks of the noble river Matai)ediac are in vnrious parts thickly covered. — Lake Matapediac piesents a charming combina- tion of .scenery ; the face of the country is elevated and bold, composed of a succession of hills, rising from the waters itnd terminating in distant ridges to the northward : the centre of the lake is (iiversifled by a cluster of islands, which, with the extensive surfaee of water, the projecting points of the lake, ond the grandeur of the surrounding scenery, attracts the attention of the traveller. The land on both sides of the lake is covere 1 iiti m 1 1 1 |i f! M E O then eastcrnly along the N. w. bounds of the town- ship of Arthafaoska to its intersection with the N. w. outline of the township of Halifax, thence b. w. along the n. w. bounds of Halifax to the n. angle of Chester, thence s. k. along the n. e. bounds of the townships of Chester to the most eastemly angle of that township thence n. k. along the N. w. outline of the township of Wolfstown to the most northemly angle of the said township, thence s. k. along the M. b. boundary line of that township to its eastemly angle, thence s. b. to the river Chaudicre or Lake Megantick. This co. comprehends the townships of Somerset, Nelson, Halifax, Inverness, Ireland, Wolfstown, Leeds, Thetford, Broughton, Coleraine, Tring, Shenley, Oulney, Winslow, Dorset, and Oayhurst. Its extreme length is G5^ miles and its breadth 28, containing 14()5 sq miles. Its centre is in lat. 400 5 30" north . long. Jl" 12* 5 ' west. It sends one member to the provincial parliament, and the place of election is at Leeds. The surface of this CO. is mountainous and broken, presenting, however, large swells of excellent land and mea- dows, uiid, notwithstanding the irregularity of its surface, it possesses considerable advantages in its soil and timber. It is most conveniently watered by numerous rivers, streams and lakes. The R. Bccancuur spreads its large and nu- merous branches over the N. w. section of the county; and the 8. k. section is traversed by a number of rivers that wind from the interior in various directions, and fall into the Chaudicre, the chief of which are the Bras Grand Coude, Muctavish, Eugtnu, &c. There are also many lakes, and those in Thetford, Coleraine and Dorset, arc most worthy of notice. Lnke Alcgnntick, by part of which this co. is bounded, is remarkable for its sise and its beautiful scenery, and for its giving name to the county. It is traversed by Craig's Road, on which, und in its vicinity, are the chief settle- ments, and which ure principally in Leeds, In- verness and Ireland, where the timber is unex- ceptionable. The township of Broughton, which is well settletl, communicates by roads leading to St. Joseph on the Chaudirre and to Leeds. There are no seignorial grants in this co., and the popu- lation is therefore English, Irish, Scotch and American, without any native Canadians, Population Corn-mills Saw-mills 626 . 8 . 6 MEL Stathtict. Shopkeepers Tavemi ArtiMns River-craft Tonnage Keel-boats S 87 8 Annual Agrieullural Produte, Wheat OaU Barley Potatoes Horses Oxen Buihcli. . 3,066 1,676 . 506 8,117 611 110 Buiheli. 1 Peas 840 Rye U40 Buck wheat 618 Ind. com . 188 Buihcli* Mxd grain 1,800 Maple (Ugar, cwts. 176 Hay, tons ■ 870 Lhie Stock. Cows Sheep 186 lOG Swine 866 Mboantick Lakb, separates the townships of Wobum and Ditchiield from Marston, in the cos. of Beauce and Sherbrooke. It is 9 miles long and averages 2 miles in breadth and forms several bays in the t. of Marston. Around it, generally, are excellent meadows.— This lake still retains its Indian name. Mrlbournb, township, in the co. of Sher- brooke, is bounded n. r. by the r. St. Francis ; N. w. by Durham ; s. w. by Ely and part of Brompton; s. by Brompton. This t. is well furnished with good maple, beech, elm, pine and oak timber. Several rivers and streams spread over it in every direction and fall into the St. Francis. Large settlements have been made, and considering them as lands but newly redeemed from a state of nature, great advances in cultiva- tion are perceptible. The soil is so good that it requires but little aid to become uncommonly fer- tile, and in several parts flax and hemp could be raised in great quantities. Pot and pearl-ash are made here, and with wheat form a principal part of the traffic carried on ; there are, however, se- veral saw-mills in almost constant work. A com- munication by roads in various directions has been opened with the adjacent townships. In the b. St. Francis there are several small islands along tlie front of this tract, and, although they are rather obstructive to>the navigation, their l)eauty and the picturesque variety, exhibit(.>d by the fo- liage of the different species of trcen with which they are covered to the water's edge, almost utone for that inconvenience. A large extent of this valuable land is the property of the Hon. John Caldwell. Considerable progress has been made in forming that }>art of the Drummondvillc and Brompton Hoad which lies in this t. The MET MIL entire line, with the exception of one bridge, ia now pasted with sleighs, although there is but one mile as yet completed of the requisite width. Ditches on both sides of the road have for short distances been made, but generally only on one side. Seven bridges have been erected, two of which are eleven perches each, with about 70 or 80 rods of causeway. The land bordering on the road is favourable for settlement, and, with the exception of four or five lots, is actually settled. Many of the rear lots in the north half of the township are also actually occupied. Nearly all the south half, originally granted to the late Hon. Henry Caldwell, is in a state uf wilderness ; but, being susceptible of extensive settlements, they would, if this road should be properly finished, be immediately settled. In order to complete the road throughout the entire breadth of this township, 10 miles, and to render it such a road as the eastern townships require along the River St. Francis to William Henry and Three Rivers, a further sum of at least £400 currency will be required to be judiciously expended. Slatulks. « Population . . 586 ^ ■ '">.'. Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheut OaU Barley Buthtli. . 9,800 . 8,400 . 300 Buiheli. ; Buihdi. Potatoes 10,600 ; Buck wheat JOG Peat . 1,810, Indian com 8,000 Rye . 100 1 Live Stock. Hortes Oxen . 484. 4C0 Cowi . 603 {Swine . 518 Sboep . 1,01 li Mbltallabetinb, river, near the source of the St. Maurice. Mkhphkamaooo, lake, is in the co. of Stan- stead, stretching its southern extremity into the state of Vermont. It separates the townships of Stanstcod and Hatley from those of Potton and Bolton. It is of a semicircular shape, 20 miles long and very narrow. It empties iticlf into the R. St. Francis by means of the n. Mugog, wiiich runs through Lake Scaswanincpus. — In this lake ore several kinds of flsh, particularly salmon-trout. Mbtabbtshuank Pobt, v. King's Posts. Mbtabrtohouan or Mbtabitshuan, river, enters the s. side of Lake St. John near the King's Post. The Metabitchouan or " The place where the course uf tlie water ends," is in lat. 40" 23' 12" and is a fine broad stream, deep at its mouth as far as a large basin, spreading to the foot of the rapids, where the surveyors who explored this part of the Saguenay country landed and ascended the summit of the hills that lie about 3 miles from the post. The land was found to be of a tolerably good quality, being chiefly a red loam mixed with very small gravel, and clay not far from the sur- face. The prevalent timber is spruce, black and yellow birch, bosawood, fir, pine, poplar and some maple. On the bank of this r. at the post are a variety of marine shells and other organic remains, many valuable specimens of which were collected by Mr. Davis and Mr. Baddeley, the companions of the deputy surveyor-general who explored Lake St. John, &c. Mr. Baddeley, an officer of the Royal Engineers, volunteered his services on that occasion in pursuit of his favourite science, geology. — The B. bank, as far as the rapids, forms an al- luvial ridge from 50 to KG ft. high ; the w. side of the R. is low. — This r. is navigable for many leagues for bateaux and farther up for bark canoes. Metabithhuan, t. Metabrtshovan. Mrtgermettb, river, rises in the Metger- mette mountains, on the boundary line, in the co. of Beauce : after it receives its n. w. branch it crosses the Kennebec road and joins the r. du Loup, by which its waters are carried to the r. Chauditre. Mktinac, river, runs into the r. bank of the St. Maurice, about 11 miles from the Grand Pilles. It communicates by portages and lakes with the post of La Tuque. Metis, v. Mitib. MiOKiNACK, river, falls into the St. Maurice on the east side, about 19 leagues from Three Rivers. — It is navigable for canoes. MioBON, river, runs through Quebec suburbs near the t. of Montreal into the St. Lawrence. MiLiNcii KiLooK, river, rises in waste lands and runs n. b. into the u. Matnpcdiac above the FaUi». Mill Brook runs into the s. side of Lake Kiguugomi, nearly opiiosite Ptc. au Sable. MiLtR Isles and Augmentation, in the co. of Two Mountains and Terrebonne, lie on the N. side of the river St. Jean or Jesus, The original grant was 4} leagues in front by 3 in depth. Bounded s. w. by the S. of the Lake of "Two Mountains; n. b. by Terrebonne and in the rear by the t. of Aliercromby : grunted, May A, 1714, to Sieun Langloiscrie and Petit. 1. I' 1 M I L L E ISLES. i i !■ \ H ilil The Augmentation is bounded in front bjr the original grant ; in the rear by the T. of Aber> cromby ; w. hy the augmentation to Lake of Two Mountains ; n. e by Terrebonne. Granted, Jan. 20, 17^2, to Eustache Lambert, Sieur Dumont, and is now the property of Eustache Nicolas Lambert Dumont, Esq. and the heirs of Antoine Lefebvre de Bellefeuille, Esq., represented by Eustache Antoine Lefebvre de Bellefeuille, Esq., both of them descendants in u direct line from the grantee. — The title of concession gives the same extent of front to the augmentation as to the original grant, viz. 4^ leagues in front by 3 leagues in depth ; but, as the grant of M. M. de St. Sul- pice of their augmentation to the Lake of Two Mountains was anterior to this grant, they, in taking their grant, cut through this seigniory dia- gonally and reduced its front nearly 2 leagues. Messrs. Bellefeuille and Dumont pretend that they ought not to be restricted by the precise words of the title of concession as to the extents of front and depth, but to the superficial extent which the King intended to grant, and this prin- ciple has been frequently recognised by the courts of justice in this province; consequently they de- mand an indemnity in depth for their loss in front. This question is now pending in the superior court of King's Bench for the district of Montreal. — These grants are well watered by an innumerable number of rivulets and springs, and especially by tlie river Du Nord or Ste. Marie: the rivers Gautbicr and Gagnon also contribute to the suc- cess of the establishments. The surface in general is much intersected by mountain8,hills and ravines; the soil, being always kept in • certain degree of humidity by the numerous springs that descend from the little mountains, is very fertile, and this property cannot fail to become very important. It is covered with every description of wood that grows in the province, especially cedar and pine ; it also abounds with natural meadows, first made by the lieavers, that have left marks of industry worthy of the imitation of those who settle on undenrcd lands. The lakes, particularly thos. in the rear of the seigniory, contain superb salmon- trouts from 6 to 20 ft in length, and otlier kinds of fish ; there are also bustards, wild ducks and huardt in abundance, and the gray eagle inhabits the mountains in the vicinity of the lakes, on whose surface are seen some beautiful swans. Tliesv mountains are pregnant with mines and minerals. The proprietors possess, mi the river du Nord, an excellent corn-mill with 3 sets of French stones and a good saw-mill. Mr. de Bellefeuille, who has for a great number of years rented the part belonging to Mr. Dumont, has built a carding and fuUing-mill and has also esta- blished a stocking-manufactory. Besides the very extensive domain belonging to the proprietors, on which a church and a presbytery have been built, Mr. de Bellefeuille possesses, opposite the mills, some valuable lands, on which may be seen beau- tiful deserts and meadows as well as the best kinds of cattle. The money he has expended on this establishment, which he has had in his pos- session only a few years, and the roads which he has opened at his own cost, have been very bene- ficial to the industrious poor and to the neighbour- ing establishments, while the example which he has given, by following the most approved systems of husbandry, cannot fail to be extensively u.seful to agriculture, the knowledge of which is so uni- versally useful and necessary. The original grant and augmentation are now divided into 2 distinct seigniories, which lie in the 3 parishes of St. Eu- stache de la Riviere du ChCne, Ste. Therese de Blainville and Ste. Anne de Mascouche. l)u Chine, the first division, is in the co. of Two Mountains and belongs to Eustache Nicolas Lambert Dumont, Esq. and to the heirs of the late Antoine Lefebvre de Bellefeuille, Esq. This seigniory joins the S. of the Lake of Two Moun- tains and is 2^ leagues in front by 3 in depth. The land is good and in general fertile, and the soil being of a various nature is proper for the cultivation of all kinds of grain, flax and hemp, and fur artificial meadows. It is extremely well watered by the rivers Du Chene and Chicot and by an infinity of smaller streams and rivulets that in fertilicing the londs and favouring the farmer, in a thousand ways enrich the proprietors. These rivers and streams turn corn-mills with 1 1 sets of stones, 5 saw-miUs, a carding-mill and a fulling- mill, which belong to the proprietors, who are the lineal descendants of the original grantee, Mr. Petit. This property, all of which is conceded, supplies the inhabitants with beech, spruce, pine, ash, elm, oak, maple and the wild cherry-tree. It is divided into 23 ranges or concessions and contains a population of about 6,000 souls, equi- valent to one soul to every 10 arpents. Three- fourths of the proprietors and farmers are in easy I i AI I L L E ISLES. circumstance! and pay a connderable amount of tithei to the cur^. At the mouth of the river Du Chftne is the Tillage of St. Eustachb, one of the handsomeit and most populous in the province, as well aa one of the most salubrious. It contains a large, handsome church, a spacious presbyterian chapel and about 150 houses, some of which are remarkable for situation, sise and elegance. This village, seated on an elevated spot fronting the grand domains of the seigneurs, presents a thousand charming prospects: the fine, y/eU- stocked settlements on Isle Jesus, the superb basin terminated by the rapid SpSnard at the dis- charge of the Lake of Two Mountains, the nu- merous and well-diversified isles with which the river is studded and the magnificent curtain of the distant forests, present altogether one of the hap- {Mest specimens of the picturesque. At each ex- tremity of the village is a bridge over the river Du Chene that does honour to the inhabitants of the parish. The population of the village amounts to about 1,000 souls, among whom are many mer- chants carrying on a lucrative commerce, a brewery, a potash-work, a pottery, two tanneries, a manu- factory for cigars and tobacco in great repute, one for 4iats and another for chairs, all enjoying con- siderable reputation. Joiners, turners, blacksmiths and other artisans, amounting in number to 25, enjoy an easy and honest livelihood. Mr. Dumont, having obtained the consent of the Assembly, is now building a superb bridge with 4 arches, 60 fit. each, over the river Jesus in front of the village, to which it will prove an ornament and of great utility to persons travelling to the settlements on the Ottawa and who do not wish to go by water. : Blainville, the 2nd division of Mille Isles, extends 2\ leagues in front by 3 in depth and is subdivided into two equal parts, belonging to Donteuil Lacroix, Esq. and to the heirs of the late Hon. William Claus. This seigniory differs much from that of Du Chi-ne in soil, local varieties and in timber ; it contains more hills and less low land than the S. Du Chene ; it is less covered with bois franc, but produces a larger quantity of pine and red tpinette, which are of great utility to the inhabitants for building. Nearly all this seigniory is conceded in lots of the usual extent, 3 arpents by 20 or 30, in 10 ranges or conces- sions ; and all the land is under cultivation, ex- cept one-third which is retained in woodland, and which is of too bad a quality for cultivation and is under water nearly all the year. Although in many parts of this S. the land is light and sandy, it can be rendered very fertile by means of the marl which is found in many places. In this S. is Stt. Therete, 21 miles from Montreal ; it is a consi- derable village of 00 houses and enjoys an ex> tensive commerce. A whisky distillery, a strong beer brewery on a large scale belonging to James Porteus, Esq., and a little distillery established by Dr. Buchanan, bring hither a great number of farmers from the adjacent seigniories, where they find an excellent market for the sale of their barley and rye, and can purchase various articles necessary for the use of their families. This village also contains 4 stores, an extensive potash work, a pretty church 120 ft. by 48, a handsome presbytery advantageously situated on an eminence, and a large school-house, all built with stone ; the resident cur6, the Rev. Mr. Du- charure, has in a great degree contributed to the erection of the last two edifices ; he supports the school at his own expense, and shows for the ad- vancement of education and the amelioration of the manners of his parishioners a seal which does him much honour, and which must be productive of the greatest good. Besides the edifices built for the Roman catholic worship there is a pretty chapel for protcstants, which is attended by a mi- nister of the Scotch church. The protestants, who are almost all cultivators, cannot but be ad- vantageous to the improvement of agriculture, fur the system they practise is so good that their Canadian neighbours cannot long delay to adopt it, at least in part. There are also in this village two potash works, tanneries, and good artisans whose industry is recompensed by an easy and honest subsistence. At some distance from the village and seated on a well-chosen spot is the country-house of Mr. Lacroix, one of the pro- prietors, who, frequently during the year, resides there with his family. The gardens, the inclosures and the plantations, which surround this pretty residence, arc so many specimens of the good taste of the owner, while the money he expends in im- provements proves a strong incentive to industry and is of great assistance to the labourers and artisans. — This seigniory is watered by branches of the river Mascouche, tln' river aux Chiens, and also by the small stream Ste. Marie or n. Cochde, which drive one corn-mill and 6 saw-mills belonging to the proprietors and other individuals. c l^ , !. .1 i Titc."—Mgiitre d'lntcndance, Xo. \0,Jblto I. Mills Vachrb, leigniory, in the co. of Sa- gucnay, in near the river Po.tneuf, 10 leagues below the Saguenay ; it extendi 3 leagues along the St. Lawrence by 4 leagues in depth. Granted Not. Ifith, 1653, to Robert Oiffard, Esq. Statistics. Population . 80 ^■ifHal Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats BuiheU. Buihrli. 84 Barley . 300 Peas . 100 Potatoes . 700lMap.sug. Live Stock. BuiheU. . 150 cwts. 9 Horses Oxen 30 Cows . 51 i Swine 38 Sheep . 50ol . 360 7'«M— "Concession du 16me Novembre, 1663, faite par Jean de Lauxon, Gouvemeur pour la Coni|Mignie, it Robert Giffard, Ecuyer, Seif^eur de Beaufort, de trois lieues de front sur le lleuve St. Laurent, du ctAi du Nord, audes- sous de Tadouuac, et de graiides et petites Bergeronnet, au lieu dit Mille Vache; avec quatre lieues de profondcur, tenant par devant au dit tieuvc et des trois autres cMt^ aux terres non-concM^s." — Hrgitire det Foi el Hommage, \o. m, folio 31 — Catiieri tFIntendance, No. 10 i 17,,/iiH(> 771. Mill River, runs into the R. Saguenay be- tween Ha Ha Bay and Chicoutimi. It forms n good harbour and the timber on it8 banks is of various kinds. Milton, township, in the co. of Shcfford, is bounded n. k. by Roxton ; h. w. by St. Hya< cinthc ; in front by Granby ; in the rear by Upton. The soil is not bo good as that of Granby, as it cca !l hi i 'if. j.1 lli 1 1 , ! 1 .1 ■'' li''' 11 yuMjjJi ill MIS lies lower and in many places rans into swamps, which would require much perseverance in a good system of draining to be rendered of any utility ; but while there remain so many thousands of acres to be granted, not needing this operation, it is not probable that it will be undertaken. There is however abundance of very fine grass-land. The timber is a mixture of beech, pine, cedar and tamarack. The parts laid out were granted, in 17B5, to officers and privates of the British mi- litia, who served during the blockade of Quebec by the Americans, in 177^ — ^• MiNOAN or Tbrba Firma db Minoan, seig- niory, extends from Cape Cormorant, along the northern shore of the Labrador channel, to the b. Ooynish. Granted Feb. 25th, 1661, toSieur Fran- <;oi8 Bissot. From Cape Cormorant to Anse Sablon is the only part now contained in the province of Lower Canada and is in the oo, of Saguenay. The land is very indifferent and wholly uncultivated, indeed unfit for agriculture. The group of islands lying off the shore, called the Mingan Islands, are advantageously situated for carrying on the fisheries and were conceded. Mar. 10, 1677^ to Messrs. Lalande, jun. and Louis Jolliet. — This is one of the king's posts, and is let for 600/. per annum. Stalistics, Dwelling-houses . Storea, &c. . . I Bake.houRei . 1 . 3 Snbounera from M to Foigeg . 1 60 tons. . . . 8 Cooperaget . 1 Keel-boaU . . .10 TUk.— Terra Firma de Mingan — <• Concession du 25me Fivrier, 1661, faite par la Compagnie au Sieur Franfoit Biitot de la Ritiire de la tcrre ferme de Mingan ; k prendre depuis le Cap dri Cormorant i la c6t^ du Nord, iusqu'i lagrande ance vcrn leo Esquimaux, oil les Espagnols font ordinairement la |>eche, sur deux licues de profon. deuT."—H(gitlre da Foi et Hommagt, No. l^filio 355. Itlet et Itkti de Mingan. — " Coni-Mes le lOme Mar», 1677, i Messrs. de Lalande Jilt et Louii Jolliet."— R4. gUtret det Foi et Hommagt, tfo. 78, folio 365, k S6me Mai, 1781. MisKAHOUSKA, lake and river, discharge their waters into Lake Assuapmoussoin. MlBBIQUINIPI, TbBBBS RoMPUBS Or RiVBB OP Broken Lands, is in the co. of Saguenay. The lake of that name empties itself by an outlet into the Grande Dicharge. The R. rises in a lake in the interior and runs into the Saguenay nearly opposite Chicoutimi and is of inconsiderable ex- tent, being similar to the St. Charles near Quebec. MiSBisKOUi Bay, between the seigniories of St. Armand and Foucault, is at the extremities of the cos, of Rouville and Missiskoui, on the pro- M I S vince line. It is an arm of Lake Champlain and bounds Foucault on the ■.; it is 15 miles long and on an average 3 m. broad. It is navigable in every part for vessels that sail the lake, and abounds with fish of delicious flavour, vis. pike, pickerel, Maskinongd, bass, white fish, perch and various kinds of the sucker. — In this bay, or near it, some mineral waters have been discovered, which have been highly extolled. Missiskoui, Missibquoi or Missibqui, county, in the district of Montreal, is bounded n. and N. R. by the co. of Shefford ; e. b. by Stanstead ; 8. w. by Rouville ; a. by the boundary line. It contains the townships of Sutton, the seigniory of Saint Armand, and the townships of Dunham and Stanbridge, together with all the gores and augmentations of those townships. — Its extreme length is 30 miles and its breadth 14J, containing 360 sq. miles. Its centre is in lat. 45° 6' 30'' n., long. 72° 43' 15'' w. It sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the places of elec- tion are at Dunham and Frelitzburg. The prin- cipal rivers are the Pyke and Missisqui. The surface of this county towards the province line is broken and mountainous, and the most conspicuous mountain is the Pinnacle Mountain in the S. of St. Armand : towards the n. w. it becomes more level and the soil is very luxuriant, being generally composed of a rich black mould with here and there a mixture of sand. This county yields all sorts of groin in abundance. The prevailing timber is maple, beech, birch, elm, butternut, iron-wood, white and black ash, also good oak and pine. It contains 7 villages, the chief of which are the villages of Phillipsburg, Dunham and Fre- litaburg, It is traversed by many roads present- ing numerous and very flourishing settlements. Population 7,666 Churches, Pro. 6 Curates Presbvteries Srhools Villages C., the side the mill stands upon. The dams appear to be solidly and judiciously constructed ; the deals are thrown into an aqueduct, which conveys them over the point to the gentle current below the rapids, along which they are conveyed to the booms at the mouth of the river, where about 10 or 12 men receive them, saw their ends and pile them up ready for loading. The wages average from 3s. to 4s. per day, besides board and lodging. — 40 families were settled here in 1823, consist- ing of English, Scotch and Canadians, but prin- cipally Scotch ; the settlement commenced in 1818. The first settlers were without capital, and were provided with provisions, &c., for the first two years by Mr.M'Nider, the proprietor; after which the produce of the soil fully supported them, and the more industrious produced a surplus for sale ; many of these settlers (the most industrious) re- fused assistance after the first year. The assistance rendered by Mr. M'Nider was as follows : — Each family of five persons had 1^ barrel of pork, 6 quintals of flour, 2 quintals of biscuit, 10 bushels of potatoes, 10 lbs. of butter, 1 lb. of green tea, 6 lbs. of sugar, 1 cwt. of dried cod-fish, and 1 carron stove and pipe; also each man had one axe, one hoe and one spade, and one grindstone was allowed to each four families ; also 3 pair of blankets, one counterpane and 2 pair of mocassins to each family : necessary coarse clothing was provided, and paid for in labour. The expenses of each family, including the clothing, were from 15/. to 20/. ; and a number of Canadians were willing, in 1823, to settle in this seigniory, pro- vided the proprietor would advance 10/. per annum to each fur two years. The first two years the settlers pay no rent, after which a money rent of 12s. 6d. for each lot of 140 to 200 acres. In 1823 Mr. M'Nider gave the following account of his improvements : — " I held two farms in my own hands, of which I cleared about 70 acres : I built 2 dwelling-houses, 2 bams, 2 stables, a cooperage, a salt-house, a large cooking-house for the fisheries, a corn-mill, and a saw-mill. The labourers em- ployed in these works were paid half in money and half in goods, at the rate of 3«. a day. Cutting I ! M I T I S. and burning oott 3 doUan per acre, and rooting and preparing the land for t&e plough 12 dollan per acre. The building! oott about 1200/., at the rate of 300/. per annum. The goods were fur- niahed to the Mttlers at 5 per cent, commimion upon lelling-pricea, provirions at first cost and without commission." — Many of the pilots remain in Mitis Bay to watch the vessels coming up the River St. Lawrence, and it sometimes occurs that tempestuous weather prevents their venturing nut to the vessel putting out signals for a pilot, whereas if the vessel were to come in the way the pilots would easily get on board, and many a vessel might thus be saved from shipwreck. The N. easternmost point of the Mitis reef of rocks presents an important and convenient post for a lighthouse ; and another beacon being lighted on the Ball, an island so called towards the depth of the buy, the outlines of the harbour would be so distinctly marked out that at all hours vessels might put into it. The anchoring-ground is a mixture of sand and clay, uniformly uninterrupted by rocks. It u the opinion of experienced pilots that any ship may ride with safety in this bay, and they would fearlessly pilot them if authorized by the Trinity House. — At Anse aux Snelles, although much exposed, the anchoring-ground is very good, and vessels may ride there with tolerable safety. From the distance, however, that vessels must lie out from the shore, much in- convenience is suffered in loading, which is effected by means of a flat-bottomed schooner built for that purpose. Anse des Morts is a deep cove about 4 m. in circuit. There is a fishing-ground about a mile from the shore for cod, halibut and ling; and an extensive salmon and herring fishery is set up in the bay, on the s. b. ride of the point, which at proper seasons yields abundance of both articles, which are cured, salted or pickled after the Scotch manner, and brought to Quebec, where they are generally preferred as being more saleable in the West India market. It is stated by Mr. Hay, that with a sufficient number of men to cure the herring taken in his fishery, 1500 barrels could be packed in one season ; but it frequently occurs that large quantities are damaged and lost on the beach from the inadequacy of the establishment to take advantage of the immense produce of the fishery: halibut and cod-fish are also taken off and in the bay, where seals are to be seen in great quantities at ebb tide, faaaking oa rocks in all directirat. The foUowing statement will show the im- portance of the fishing-establishment at this place, conducted by Mr. Hay ; it was drawn up for the year 1838, and the profit is rather underrated. — d. Da. Four men from Ut May to lit I)ccenber,«t 60j. per month each Ditto ditto board for ditto, >t 30*. per month Kight men at herring, lice. 4 montns, at fiOt. per month each .... Ditto ditto board 4 months, st 20<. per month Extra hands employed, and board Three coopers for 6 months, at 70«. per month each . . . . . Six months board, at SO*, per month each 1000 bushels ialt . . . . 1000 barrels, &c. . . . . Extra expenses, tte. . . Two boats complete . . • . Mr. Hay's salary Mrs. Hay's salary . , . Captain M'Cawan's salary . Archie M'Cawan's salary Housekeeping . . . . Clerk's wages ... • . Ca. HetHrn of tttefiMngfbr 1828, to U paiitd to the credit of the Potti when ditpoted of at Quebec. 70 4'JI 80 32 80 63 18 60 40 M 70 60 15 SO 30 100 30 £820 Little and Onuid Mitis will make up 1000 barrels of herrings at IS*. , . 7S0 Sixteen trips by the boats (two monthly), for six months, at 2ft/. , . 400 Kitted salmon . , 60 Maple and birch Fal fishing , . 100 . 100 Profit and loss on goods sold . 100 •-■ ■- • £1510 Nett profiU £600 (I Some interesting information relative to the waste lands in the vicinity of this seigniory has been derived from a surveyor employed to trace a road from it to Lake Matapediac. He traced a road from the bay of Little Mitis on a b. ». k. course to Craig's Mountain 3 miles, and found fine land and timber, and continued on that course 4 miles more through hard wood land, and thence directed his course s. two miles, then s. four miles through fine timber and excellent land ; thence 8. B. E. two miles to the r. Tartigo ; then w. for two miles to a small beaver lake, the apparent source of the Tartigo, at the head of which discharges a little stream ; thence a. by ■. over a fine country covered with oak timber; thence b. s. e. four I 'fl I i 1 ; '.;.-* ; :i ■U I ■ MIT M O N II' ■ Site milei near the Rirer Blanche ; — here from the top of Kveral mountain! a few icattered hills of no material consequence were leen on each side of the RiTcr Blanche, and also an abundance of black and yellow birch in the vicinity ; — then two mUes 8. B. K. over the river, where a mountain, called Blue Mountain, is on the right, from which the country appears to be favourable for the opening of a good road, and the lands in every respect fit for settlement. The surveyor then returned to his camp, and afterwards set out on a 8. B. course 6 miles, and met with fine land and a level country ; thence he continued s. by n. six miles, and came to the borders of Lake Matapediac, at the head of which is a swamp producing cedar of an extraordinary large size ; its southern bank presents the finest place for settlement, and on the N. w. are some hills, between which and the R. Blanche are extensive valleys of fine land : he found all the country lying between these moun- tains and the St. Lawrence in every respect fit for cultivation ; and this tract, and even as far as the R. Ristigouche, consists of good and valuuble lands, well watered by numerous lakes and rivers, and fit for settlements. The timber is, generally, sapin, cedar, poplar and bastard maple in the front up to the mills ; then the timber is found to be elm, ash, maple, black birch, yellow birch, and pine; and this fine hard timbered land is inter- mixed here and there with small swamps, which are, however, of little consequence : this descrip- tion of land and timber extends to the Tartigo River, 2 leagues west of River Blanche. The third concession of the S. of Mitis affords, gene- rally, a correct specimen of the land and timber of this tract. — The quality of the land and timber between Mitis and the S. of Matane is generally like that of Mitis, and both, especially in Sandy Bay, may be said to be rather superior, and the whole fit for settlement. From Mitis line, in Sandy Bay, to Tartigo river, 5 leagues, the lands are fit for settlement ; farther in the interior the lands are even better, and are all maple land ; 3 miles still farther is a ridge of hardwood land, that extends from Grand Mitis all the way down to Tartigo r., and still more in the interior there is supposed to be better land. All the rivers and brooks in this tract afford fish; small trout and considerable quantities of salmon ore in the rivers Tartigo and Blanche. ■ y ,, Population Corn-mills 8aw>inillt 110 ! II Sttttitlkt. Sbip-jrud* Shopkeepers iXrtiMiM River craft Tonnage Keel-lMaU I jlHHHttl AgrieuUitral Produce. Wheat Oat* Hones Oxen Biuhck. . I,1W(> 1,800 Barley Potatoei BiuhtU. 300 4,060 R]re Uv€ Slock. l9|Cowi 26 1 Sheep &i I Swine 971 Biuhcli. . 300 &S Tilk. — '• Concenion du Ome Mai, 167S, faite par le Comte de Froittenac, Uouvemeur, au Sieiir de Peirat, dc deux licues de front le long du fleuve SI. Laurenl du cdte du Sud, i prendre du milieu de U Urgeur de la riviere appclee MlUt et qui g'appellera dorinavant la rivi^re^— en descendant le dit ilcuve, et deux lieuea de profondeur, ensemble leR trois iales et iitets appelees St. BarHoU."— Hrgiilre d'lntenduHce, No. 2 4 9,foUo 370. In: Cm. Sup. B. folio 3. Moisi or Moose, river, in the co. of Saguenay, runs into the St. Lawrence nearly opposite the Seven Islands. MoNNoiR,seigniory,and its augmentation, in the CO. of Rouville, are bounded n. e. by Rouville and St. Hyacinthe ; s. w. by Bleurie ; in the front and rear by East Chambly and the t. of Famham. — Two leagues in front by 3 in depth. Granted, Mar. 25, 1708, to Sieur de Ramzay: the aug- mentation, equal in extent to the seigniory, was granted, June 12, 1739, to Sieur J. B. N. Roc de Ramsay : the whole is now the property of judge Jean Roche Roland, Esq. — Throughout this tract the land, though various in its nature, is of a moderately good quality, and where it is under management produces very good crops of grain ; many parts, not yet broken up, would prove very favourable to the growth of flax : the upper di- vision, adjoining Chambly, is nearly all cultivated, as well as an extensive range on the left bank of the Yamaska and on both sides of a rivulet near the T. of Famham ; towards the w. boundary it is somewhat low and rather inclining to swamp : the land in the interior is generally level and superior to that in the front. The upper part is watered by several streams descending from the interior of the S. to the r. des Hurons. On the uncleared land is a tolerable abundance of wood, mostly of the inferior sorts, with here and there some good timber of large dimensions. The Parish of Ste. Marie is at present the only I' ' M O N N O I R. 1 80 4 a one In this S., but it ii neeemry to diride it into two, and the most proper site fur u new church would be the Mountain of Ste. Theme, lately called Mount Johnson, for the accommodatimi of the southern side of the seigniory, whose inha- bitants are too distant from the present church, which is on the rivulet St. Luui« nearly a league from Cordon de Rouville. A new c hiirch on the south of the mountain, at the place above de- scribed, would be at a similar distance from Cur- don de Sabrevois, and that part to the a. w. is already inhabited, with the exception of a small number of lands, which will also, without doubt, be inhabited in a few years. On the Rividre du Sud-Ouest, or South- West River, there is a con- siderable settlement, consisting, chiefly, of Irish catholics, who could be for many years under the care of the cur£ of this new parish ; and all the southern part of the seigniory, comprising the Riviere du Sud-Ouest, would be at present capable of providing for a cur6, whose parish would extend 1^ league along the Cordon du Chambly to the rear of the seigniory. The cli- mate of the southern side of the mountain is de< lightful, and a viUoge would in a little time be built there, for it is the way by which the in- habitants of the townships pass, and a mill is already erected. In the first range of concessions, in the western half of the seigniory, are 618 lots conceded, known by as many numbers; the other half of the sei- gniory comprehends 491 lots, of which two-thirds are inhabited, and the remainder are conceded and the clearing proceeds rapidly. There is a lake called Lake John, surrounded by a savanna or low ground, which admitting of an easy drainage has been lately conceded. It is of an oval shape and is supposed to cover at least 800 arpents, being not less than a mile across in its narrowest part. The lake supplies a considerable current of water that forms the Riviere du Sud-Ouest. — The num- ber of forms or inhabited lands may be computed at two-thirds of the whole, that is to say, between 6 and 700. The finest ranges are on the rivulets Ruisseau Barr6, Ruisseau St. Louis, la Branche du Pin Rouge, la Branche du Rapide, le Rang double du Grand Bois, without omitting the two sides of the Riviere du Sud-Ouest, which, in the sequel, will be one of the finest places in the coun- try. The lands are fertile and, generally speak- ing, there is but little sterile land in the whole seigniory. From the Cordon du Chambly to the north of the mountain there is a strip of strong land, about a league broad, extending from cast tn west across the seigniory, which is not excelled in any part of the province for the growth of com. Three-eighths of the seigniory are sup- posed to be under cultivation, and the remainder in wood, which is, in general, pine, spruce, birch, ash and cedar. — The Riviere des Hurons runs across the n. w. part of the seigniory, and in con- sequence of receiving a great number of runs of water that issue from the Lac de la Muntugne de Rouville and from their natural springs, it is well supplied with water, espedally in the spring and during rains. On this river is a corn-mill which, if rebuilt, would be highly useful. The r. des Hurons runs at this place, and even to its mouth in the basin of Chambly, over a rooky bed with many falls and a sufficient degree of rapidity ; it is never dry, even in the greatest drought, and swells considerably after every fall of rain. On the Rivit^re du Sud-Ouest, not far from the Cor- don de Debartach, is a fine saw-mill, which, by means of a dam made to keep up the water, is ca- pable of being worked all the year round. A corn-mill might be built here with advantage, especially by conducting, by means of a drain 15 or 20 arpents long, the water of a considerable rivulet known by the name of la Petite Riviere du Sud-Ouest, which runs from the east ; the site of this mill being in the midst of roads that tra- verse it would give rise to an establishment as im- portant as a village, and a spot of land is already reserved for the purpose. — In this seigniory there is only one fief called /ie/St. Joseph, containing 3 concessions, each 3 arpents by 40 and in the possession of fanners. — The number of houses is supposed to be about 1000, including the settle- ments. At present there are only 3 schools, one of which is a royal foundation, but many others are in contemplation. There is only one village, which is rather considerable ; it is near the church and contains only one inn, but five others are scattered about the seigniory. There is only one church, one water corn-mill and one windmill, newly built, fur grinding com. The water-mill is on the Riviere des Hurons. The wind-mill is near Mount Johnson. 'Inhere are potash works in different parts of the seigniory. — The roads throughout may be said to be in a good state; even those that cross the lands lately cleared are DO (' \ in \:V. 1. 1 \ i\ 1 i ' -! 5' w (1 !■? I 'K 1 1 M O N generally good. The road that extends from the mountain Ste. Therese, in an angular direction, to the line of road that divides the seigniory into two parts and thence for 2 leagues in a straight line to the T. of Famham, crossing a savanna, is much frequented and promises to be of considerable utility. — The mountain called Mount Johnson co- vers about 500 arpcnts ; it is not much wooded at the summit, which is nearly all rock, but it is surrounded with a wood of lofty forest-trees, and the land in its environs is fertile: it is high enough to be conspicuous for many miles round ; it is however not so remarkable us several others of the same isolated nature in some of the adjoin- ing seigniories. — Munnoir contains (14,000 super- ficial arpents, of which (i/),000 arc conceded ; the remainder, over which there is one road, is fit for cultivation, but not surveyed. — No concessions were granted prior to 1759. — There are persons in this S. willing and able to make new settle- ments on lands of good quality and susceptible of cultivation. Population 4>.')00 Cliurrhcs, R. (J. 1 Cur^s . I Pri'iibvtvrivR I Schouln . .'< Villsgci Wheat PcM Hones Oxen 1 Statistics. Com-milU , Sa>v-inillB . Tanneries . Pottfrii'g Potashi'rics I'curlashrricB 2 Artisans JnHt. of peace .Mt'ilicul nu'ii Notaries Shopkeopern 'raverns 1 1 1 5 6 ao Annual AgrieultHral froiuce. Buihcli. I 7U,U0O Oatn I3,a00lUarle]r Buihelt.! nuihcli. Si6,U0U Potatoes tHI,(NX) 6,000 Linseed . 1,000 Live Stock. 7H0| Cows 1,(100 1 Sheep I.BflOiSwine 0,000 1 1,050 TUk.—" Conceiston du Vtme Mars, I7(1N. faiic par Messieurs de Higaud, Gouvernrtir, et RnmUti. Iiitindant, au SiiMir de Ramsay, de deux lieues de I'rom Mir trois lieues de profoiiduur de terrcs non>eone<'d^'e!i, le loii^ de la riviiire des llurnni, juignant d'uii cM(' la SeiKiieurie de Chamhhi, et dc l''Mitre ei">t* aux terres non-eonei'ilZ-eK, eon- rnnt du Nord-est au Sud-oue«t, avee les inles et i«lets (lui pourroient se trouver dans la ditc rivii're, vis-i-tin la ditc roneeanion, la ditc conressiion portunt le non\ de Mon- HOtrr—Hfgittrf d'lHlriidamr. No. « d 9, /.'./I.. XtTi. AugmiHtittion.—" t'uiieessiun du Itjnie.hiin, IT.'iO, faite par le Munpiis dc Beaiihiirm>h, (iouverneur, et till/ft Hocqmirt, intvndant, au Sieur Jean Biiplhtc Nimlut Hoc de Ratiutiy, de ileux lieues de front sur troiH lieueH de pro. ftmdeur, an bout de la SeiKiieuiic de Monnnir, nineidi'-o |p 8dme Mars, I70H, situ/'e prt^s Cliamhli/ le Ioiik de la ri- viere des llurmit, e» counint Nord-ei>t et Suil-uueKt le long de In euiitiiiuation de la Seigiieurie de llomUli; joigiiant la dite Neigneurie au NuKl.eiit et eelle de .Suhre. tvit au Sud-uuest." — HigMre4'lntend«Hcr, No, H,joliu'M. »I O N MoNT-A-PsiNB, fief, in the co. of Bellechasie, is bounded N. s. by Vincennes and Livaudiere ; 8. w. by La Martini^re ; in the rear by Buckland ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — Granted in two parts; the first, 10 arpents broad by 40 deep, to Mr. C. Dennis, Sieur de Vitre, on the 24th Sep., 1683 ; the augmentation, of the same breadth, and completing the depth of the whole to 6 leagues, was granted, June 18th, 1749, to Claude Antoine de Bcnucnt, Seigneur de la Martiniere ; it is now the property of Feri-ol Roy, Esq. This fief pos- sesses a soil nearly similar to the S. of Lauion and is in a forward state of cultivation, two-thirds being occupied. The most flourishing settlements are near the St. Lawrence and on each side of the river Beyer. The timber is various, but that of an inferior kind is most prevalent. It is well watered by the Boyer and some inferior runs of water. TUle.~" (.'oneession du Ume Scptcmbre, 1 683, faite i Mr. Charlci Dnikt, Sieur de Vitri, do dix arpens de tcrrc de front, Kur quarante de profundeur, pour en juuir, lui ses liuirs et ayanii-eausc a tilre dc tief et Seigneuric a toujours. N. li. Cet extrait ne mentionne nullemenf la situation de ce fief ({ui n'est connu que par son :iugnienta- tion et la ronecssion ^xtvtAenXe.'—HigUtre dei Foi et Hommage, No. 4ii, fulio S07, 27»»iinillii Wbest Statutic$. aOSlCM^ing.mills i I FuUing-niilU 1 1 SaW'inilU ll Annual Agricultural Product. Oats BuiheU. 13,5001 Buthfb. 10,000 Title — " Conceaaion du 17me Octobre, 1710, faiCe par Me««r». de VaudrruU, Oouvemeur, et Haudat, Intcndant, •u Sieur Boucher, d'une licue I't trente arpcim du (vrrt! de front 8iir une lieue et deniie de profundour, a prendre duns lea profondciira entre leH Seignciirifn de BouchervUle ct dc Chamblu ; joignant au Nord-eat la Srigneurie de Varenne; et au Sud-oueat la Seigneurie dc Tremblatj." — HegUtre flHlendance, Xoii 9,/iUo 109. Mont Louib, river, in the co. of Oasp^', runs into the St. Lawrence about 8 miles w. of fief Mogdeicine. MoNTMOBRNOi, county, in the district of Que- bec, is bounded s. w. by the co. of Quebec ; n. k. by a line run from Cap de I'Abatis on the St. Lawrence on a course n. w. parallel to the boun- dary line of Beauport to the n. boundary of the province ; n. w. by the tt. boundary of the pro- vince; fl. K. by the St. Lawrence. — It compre- hends the parishes of St. Fir^-ol, St. Joachim, Stu. Anne, ChiitcBU Richer uml I'Angc Uardien — Its extreme length is 240 miles and its breadth 33^, containing 7.306 square miles. Its centre on the St. Lawrence is in lat. 47" 10' n., Ion. 70" 57 10" w. It sends one member t» the pro- vincial parliament and the place of election is at Ste. Anne. The principal rivers arc the Ste. Anne and Lombrette. The surface of this ro. is extremely mountainous and rocky, particularly along the coast of the St. Lawrence. The most settled parts extend from St. Joachim, westward, M O N exhibiting a range of thick and flourishing set- tlements, and along the banks of the St. Lawrence is a good front rood. — For a farther description of this CO. vide Ci'ite de Beaupre. Slalulici. ropulation 3,038 1 Saw-milU . 8 1 Shopkeepers . 4 C^orn-milU 1 1 1'arding-mUU 1 1 Arnaani . 80 ! I AitHual Agricultural Produce. Wheat . Oata Barley , Potatoes Iloraei Oxen BuiheU. IVJHi 1,IJ6 8I,.'«0 Buthel*. PeM 8,.)Mi Kyc . ],»X) Indian com &,H0O Buthtli. Mixed grain 1,000 Map.kug.ovta.l87 Hay, tons lH,tt30 Lire Stock. 1,8381 Cows 3,033 1 Sheep 4,8751 Swine 4,S3t MoNTHORKNci river, in the co. of Mont- morenci, rises in Lac de$ Neigts and, traversing the 8. w. side of the S. of Cote de Bcaupr6, enter!) the S. of Beauport and falls into the St. Law- rence, 8 miles n. k. of the city of Quebec. This river was named after a marcchal of that name, who was a viceroy of New France previous to the conquest. Its course from the n. b. is of con- siderable extent, and the first settlement through which it passes is called La Matte, situated on the northern extremity of a sloping ground, which gradually descends from the mountains to the northern shore of the Si. Lawrence. This river is said to be a torrent from its source to its mouth, and is ascertained to be so for many miles from the St. Lawrence. In its earlier course llmiugh an olmost continued forest its stream is of trifling consequence, unless when swelled by melting snow in spring or by uutumnul ruins; it runs over uii irregularly broken rocky bed until it arrives ut the celebrated cataract culled the Fulls of Mont- morenci, where its breadth is frnni 10 to 20 yards. A little declination of the lied before it reaches this {mint gives a great velocity to the stream, which, being impelled over the brink of a per- pendicular rock, fulls in an extended sheet of water, of a whitinras and fleecy uppearunre nearly resembling snow, into u chasm among the rocks. An immense spray rises from the liottoiu in curl- ing voluines, which when the sunshine displays its bright prismatic colours produce an rilect in- conceivably beautiful. At the bottom of the fall the water is restrained within a basin formed by DU 2 . .1 ! ? I ■!^1 M t-, ', I , < i *.' M; M O N the rocki, whence, after iu impetuority is sub- dued, it flows in a gentle stream into the St. Law- rence, a distance of about 300 yards. These justly celebrated Falls are visited by all travellers, who arrive at Quebec with the means and the leisure to gratify their inclination for the beauties of nature. When the St. Lawrence is at full tide, these Falls constitute the most magniflcent object in the province. Close to the falls stands a house which was the residence of his late Royal High- ness the Duke of Kent, but now in the possession of J. Patterson, Esq., who is the proprietor of the extensive saw-mills at the foot of the Falk; it was near this place that General Wolfe made his first attempt and was repulsed with the loss of 700 Hessians. From the opposite bank of this gentleman's house is the best view of the Falls, as it embraces the village of Beauport and the City of Quebec. The road to it is over a wooden bridge thrown across the river Montmorenci, which here rushes down with considerable im- petuosity; on the opposite side of this bridge, and at the foot of a hill, stands in a romantic situation a house for the reception of travellers. Another good view of the Falls may be taken from the top of the aqueduct. These celebrated Falls are nearly 250 ft. high, being 100 ft. higher than the Falb of Niagara. The next place worthy of attention is the extraordinary appearance of the bed of the R. Montmorenci, which is there formed on a considerable angle of depression, having on either side banks of stratum presenting the form of natural steps and surmounted by woods. MONTBBAI. OlBTRICT, V. DiBTRIOTS, AIoNTRKAL, island, seigniory and county. — For a descriplioH of' the city, toil, climate, Stc. See, vide Vol. I. p. 312. — Montreal is the most con- siderable island in the province, and its superior fertility has acquired for it the distinguished ap- )«ellation of the Garden of Canada. This island is divided into 9 parishes besides that of the town of Montreal. Its extreme length is 32 miles and its breadth lOJ, containing 11)4 square miles. Its centre is in lat. 45 31 n., long. 73° 40' w. — The county comprises the whole of the Island of Mont- real, together with all the nearest islands which, in the whole or in part, lie in front of it. It is divided into several seigniories which are in the following parishes: Montreal, 8te. Anne, 8te. Gcnt-vieve, Pointe Claire, Lachine, Sault des RccoUets, St. Laurent, Riviere des Prairies, Pointe M O S au Trembles and Longue Pointe. It sends 6 mem- hers to tbri provincial parliament, and the places of election are, at St. Laurent for the county which sends 2 members, and at Montreal which sends 4 members for the city. The Parish of the Tow* of Montreal, by a re- gulation made Sept 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, comprehends the following cOtes: de la Visitation, St. Joseph, Notre Dame des Nciges and St. Pierre; also parts of St. Paul and Ste. Catherine, together with Isle St. Paul, at the mouth of the R. St. Pierre, and Isle au Heron lying off CAte des Argoulets. — The road through Cote des Neiges is well settled, and many of the buildings present the appearance of an American village : a chapel is erected n. of the road. The Pariah of St. Laurent by a regulation made Sept. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, contains the cOtes St. Michel and St. Laurent, with one half of two ranges of Notre Dame des Vertus. At some dis- tance from Cote des Neiges is the pretty village of St. Laurent, containing a neat parish church with two spires, and seated on the east side of the road. The Pariah of Ste. Genevihe is situated at the N. w. extremity of the island, opposite to Isle Biiard. All the lands were conceded prior to 1 759, and the farms measured 3 arpents by 30 to 40, and pay annually 2| bushels of wheat and 2 livres 5 sols, ancient currency. No land remains to be conceded unless it be the domain of the seig- nior of Isle Bisard, which is 60 superficial arpents in extent. The Pariah of Sault au Recollet is handsomely situated on the borders of the Rivirre des Prairies; it contains a small village, a fine church and pres- bytery, and valuable com and saw-mills. In front of the village of Sault au Recollet are several small islands which add to its picturesque scenery. — There are no unconceded lands in this p. and the domain is of very small extent. The greater |)art of the lands was conceded previously to 1759, and the farms measure 3 arpents in front by 30 or 40 and some 20 in depth, each paying one bushel of wheat and a livre for every 20 arpents : the greatest extent held by any one tenant is 281 arpents. The Pariah of Pointe Claire, by a regulation made :! and consist of 8226 su- perficial arpents. In 1821 there were 108 houses. 6f which 92 were inhabited by farmers and 16 by occupiers of small plots of ground, called emplace- mens. The greatest extent occupied by any one person is 320 superficial arpents. The Parish of Ste. A*ne, by a regulation made Feb. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, was erected at the upper end of the island, and contains the extent between the R. de rOrme n. and the Cote de Pointe Claire a., and also the upper part of Isle Perrot. The greatest extent of land possessed by one person is 360 arpents. All the p. is conceded, and the greater part previous to 1759, and the portion conceded since, in farms of 3 arpents by 30, pay the same rent, vie. one sol per front arpent and half a bushel of wheat for every 20 superficial arpents. With the exception of the mountain, which rises to the north- '.vest on the skirts of the city, the ge- neral surface of the island is level, notwithstand- ing the existence of gentle ridges called loteaux by which the complete uniformity of the level is not unfrequently and agreeably varied. The mountain itself is a very conspicuous object, independently of its altitude above the surrounding country. It consists of two distinct hills, one of which to the eastward is called the greater and the other the lesser mountain, between both of which pasicf one of the leading avenues into the city, which communicates with roads by which the circuit of either mountain may be made, and this, indeed, from the many charms of its scenery, is a very favourite drive. The slopes of the mountain are wooded nearly from their base to the summit, but towards the base the forest-trees have been suc- ceeded by orchards that produce apples, pears, peaches and plums of the choicest flavour ; and it is worthy of remark, that although the fruit of the island i» i nrment la concession dc la Seigneurie de I'isle da Mont- real, iaies Courci'llti et d^pendancea, k litres on^reux d'amortiaaement dea ditea terrea. accordfea \ Messieurs du Sf minaire de SI, Sulpice, par lettres patentes du mois de Mai, 1677, avcc Ics droits dV-changp," — Rfgiilrc det Foi et Homntttge, No. 17, folio 81, feStne Fevrier, 1781.— Caliiert iTIntcnd. No. 10 a 17,/a/io &3j. MoNTRBAL, river, rises near the boundnry line in the t. of Hemmingford, and striking through the s. angle of Sherrington enters the S. of De L^ry which it traverses n. r., und watering the w. angle of the a of Longiieuil and the k. angle of Laprairie, runs to West Chambly and fulls into the Richelieu a little below Chambly Basin. MoOBK RiVKR, rises in the n. b. section of Barford, and traversing the t. of Compton, joins the R. Coaticook above Pennoyer's mills. Moulin, au, river, runs into the R. Sagucnay about 2 miles below Chicoutimi Posts. Moulin, du, river, a small stream that rises in the rear part of the S. of Matane, and running to the front falls into the St. Lawrence. Moulin, du, rivulet, in the S. of Eboulemens, runs through COte St. Joseph into the St. Law- rence, opposite the n. b. end of Isle aux Coudres. It forms a beautiful cascade near the manor and is seen as the traveller descends towards the St. Law> rence ; it falls into a basin extending across the lands and rocks, and is in some places from 4 to fiOO ft. deep. It turns a corn-mill and two saw- mills, besides the seignorial or banal mill. Moulin Bauub, in the co. of Saguenay, is a little river at the bottom of a small bay, and enters the St. Lawrence about 4 miles below the post of Tadoussac. This place is remarkable for a quarry of statuary marble of excellent quality and in considerable quantity ; it is said not to be inferior to the marble extracted from the mines on the Hudson and Lake Champlain. The marble is in a rent of about six to eight feet in breadth ; the rent rises almost vertically to the top of the bank, 150 feet high. Thp marble is therefore abundant. It is, generally speaking, solid, and masses suf- ficiently large to form the pillars of a fine public M O U building might be quarried at a trifling expense. The parts which have not been exposed to the action of the air will probably take a good polish, and as chimney-pieces, tables, &c. would make beautiful ornaments. The rent is washed by the tide, and a vessel of sixty tons might strike it with her keel. The rivulet that runs over the bed of this quarry is suflSciently copious to turn a mill for sawing and cutting the marble in the quarry itself. The marble is of the purest white, and Mr. P. Chasseur has a lamp made of it, which may be seen in his museum at Quebec. The muddy bay, into which this small river runs from the quarry, is dry at low water, and, affording a protected har- bour, admits at high water vessels drawing six or eight feet. A vessel of the former draught might indeed touch the bed itself with its keel. The entrance from the St. Lawrence is not difficult ; and it is not more than 48 hours' sail from Quebec with a light fair wind. Moulin, du, river, runs through C6te du Mou- lin in the S. of Cdte de Beaupre into the St. Lawrence, a little above the r. du Oouffre. It turns a corn-mill near its mouth. Moulin, du, river, in the S. of le Oouffre, runs into the r. du Oouffre and turns a com*mill near its mouth. Moulin, du, river, waters the n. e. section of the S. of Lotbinicre and runs into the St. Law- rence. Mount Johnson, v. Monnoir, S. Mount Murray, is a British grant en fie/ ct seigneurie, in the co. of Saguenay ; it reaches from the north side of the R. Malbay, along the bank of the St. Lawrence, as far as the River Noire or Black River, and is 3 leagues in depth. Oranted Apr. 27th, 1 7 and the non-con- ceded lands are not surveyed, and have no road through them. 9^ arpents is the largest quantity of land possessed by one individual, and 12 persons hold lands of the seignior of 6 arpents and above : 96 possess lands of less than 3 arpents, an exact classification of which would be very difficult; these lands being very high, are for the most part diy and of middling quality. — The valleys in this S. on account of the north winds that rush down them early in the autumn, are exposed to in- jurious frosts. — The Bay enters deep into the north shore, and the greater proportion becomes dry at low water. The land which encloses the bay is rather elevated and rocky, but, between it and the high water-mark on the western side, there is a flat or gently undulated alluvial soil, most of which is sandy. — This S. and its neighbourhood have long been remarkable for the frequency of earth- quakes. Shocks are most frequent in January and February ; their direction appears to be n. v. ; the duration of the movement is about one minute, and notice of the coming motion is generally given by a noise like a chimney on fire, sometimes accompanied by two distinct blows. The weather is sometimes sultry, previously at other times cold; in the former case, the weather becomes cold after the shock, and in the latter, mild : in short, a shock is always accompanied by a change of weather. Shocks occur about nine or ten times a year, and are more generally observed in the night than in the day. When they happen in foggy weather it clears up subsequently. About 37 years ago the shocks were much more violent. Slalutics. Populatiun 1,875 ChiiKheH, R. C. 1 Com-milla . 8 CarHing-milli 1 Saw-milli . 1$ Fulling.inilli 8 Annual Agricultural Produce, Buiheli. WhPHt . I«,188 Ost8 . 3,HU) Harlpy . 500 Builieli. Potatoes 15,.^)<) Mnple miRar, Peaa . 750 cwta 4.V Rye . 200 Live Stock, Honci . 469 Uxen . 9i^ '^ov,'* . 1,258 Swine . 1,585 Sheep . 5,200 N E L r»fe.— " Grant of the 87th day of April, 1768; by the Honourable Jamei Murray, Emj. Governor of Quebec, to John Nairn, Captain of bin Majesty's 78tb Regiment of Foot, of all that extent of land lying on the North shore of the River Si, Lawrence, from Gooie-Cape, boundary of the Seigneurie of Eboulemrnt, to the River Malbag, and fnr thn><> Ininies back, to he known hereafter, at the special request of the laid Captain John Nairn, by the name of Murray Bay, together with the woods and rivers or other anpurtenances within the said extent, right of fishing and fowling on the same therein included. All kinds of traffic with the Indians of the back country are hereby specially excepted."— fn^fiM Hegitter, Letter E, page 700. Mt;8K Rat, river, is a branch of the b. Peri- bonea which runs into Lake St John. It derives its name from the number of musk rats with which it abounds. It is said to form a good har- bour for small vessels. Nahjahscutcook, or Nahoavskutksck, river, in the co. of Rimouski, runs out of Long Lake into l. Temiscouata and is about two chains wide ; its current is gentle, and said to be navi- gable for boats and canoes. — This r. is the same as the Cabineau, which vide, Namoahbkutbbck, v. Namjambcdtoook. Nativitk de la Str. Vieroe and Dk St. Pierre (P ), v. Bbcancuub, S. Nekoaba (R.), v. Abkatichb, l. Nelson's Bay, in the front of the t. of Oren- ville. This bay, with the exception of a shoal about 1 mile long and a \ mile in average breadth, part of which is dry in summer, offers a safe harbour and good anchorage for the steam -boat or other vessels. These vessels when in the bay are shel- tered by the high lands that extend n. and n. w. jf the basin and descend almost to the margin of the river Ottawa, except near the river Calumet, where the hilk rise from a small but beautiful meadow. Nklbon River, rises in a small lake on the a. w. boundary line of St. Ignace, aud, winding in the S. of St. Gabriel in nearly a semi-circular course, joins the r. St. Charles about 1 mile above the V. of Jeune Lorette. Nelson, township, in the co. of Megantick, is bounded n. b. by Ste. Croix ; s. w. by Somerset ; in the rear by Inverness and Leeds ; in front by the augmentation to Lotbini^re. It wai> ^.nui d in April, 1804, to officers and privates ot the Canadian militia. — The land is rather low, but of NEUVILLE. tdlenUy good quality and fit for the production of matt tdndi of grain. Towards the ■■<. b. end are nme rinng grounda, much superior to the part which adjoins Lotbini^re. The timber is chieflj beech, maple, birch and pine ; on the low and moist ground, basswood, cedar, spruce and hemlock abound. — This t. is well watered by the rivers Becancour and Du Chcne, and by many small streams falling into those rivers. — ^No part is under cultivation. Nkuvillb, or Points avx Trehblbs, seigniory, in the co of Portneuf, is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence ; s. w. by Belair and its augmentation ; n. b. by Desmaure and Fau- sembault ; in the rear by Bourglouis. — 2} leagues in front by 4 leagues in depth. Granted Dec. 16, 1653, to Jean Bourdon, and is now the property of the Rev. Mr. Descheneaux, Grand Vicar. — This seigniory is of great value. The lands are all con- ceded, and many were granted previous to 1759, and those granted since are held on the same terms. Above two*thirds of the S. are under cultivation and very productive. The surface, as is the cose almost invariably within several leagues of Quebec, is very uneven, riMing from the St. Lawrence in a series of irregular ridges to the elevated banks of the Jacques Cartier: beyond which it is mountainous and abrupt. The soil in front is a lightish mixture of sand and black friable earth, but towards the n. w. it becomes much stronger, and soon changes to a fine loam, in some places rather thickly strewed with stones : large masses of granite lie about in different directions as if rolled down from the heights, although there is scarcely any trace of rock south of the R. Jacques Cartier. The timber is, generally, very good ; but between the rivers Jacques Car< tier and Aux Pommes not in great plenty, as the whole of that space is laid out in fruitful settle- ments; farther back, beech, maple, pine, ash and birch are found in abundance. — This S. is watered by several branches of the r. Portneuf, by the Riviere aux Pommes in a beautiful, meandering course, and by the impetuous Jacques Cartier, besides many rivulets descending from the sides of the different ridges, the whole amply providing for the irrigation, particularly of the settled parts. — Of the many roods that intersect the S., the one in front of the St. Lawrence, one in the direct line from Quebec by the village of Cap^a to Jacques Cartier bridge, and another striking firom the St. Lawrence, about midway between the village <^ Pointe aux Trembles and Belair, to the same place, are the principal ; the othen open a convenient communication between the different concessions.— The commissioners, acting under the authority of the provincial parliament, during last year (1830) made two roods from this 8. to Bourg Louis. One commences at the free bridge over the r. Jacques Cartier, (commonly called Graves' Bridge), and ending at the commence* ment of the seigniory of Bourg Louis, of which about 50 acres are finished. This part of the road passes through the Grand Brule, and finishes as the law directs. The remaining part of this road, being about 116 acres, has been rendered passable for loaded carts. The latter part of this road is only half the breadth required by law, and is only drained by ditches where it was found absolutely necessary, and where they could not be dispensed with. About 18 acres of the road nearest to Bourg Louis remains un> finished, the wood only being cleared on the line of the road. In the line of this road a long bridge, 70 ft. in length by 20 ft wide, has been thrown over un arm of the r. Portneuf; it is covered with 3 inch plank, and has a strong hand rail on each side substantially drawn together with ties. The other road commences at Route des Com* missaires, leading to the concession St. Jacques to the River Portneuf, about 70 acres of which is completed according to law, having in this dis* tance six bridges placed over ditches for draining the road. At this point of the road is a very steep hill of about three acres long, at the bottom of which is the River Portneuf, over which is erected a bridge 60 feet long, built with cedar and covered with three inch plank, having a strong hand-rail on either side, the whole very substantially built, and drawn together with suf« ficient ties. After passing this bridge the road ascends by a hill two acres long, and is only half mode for about 55 acres, with ditches whenever they were positively required ; but the whole of this distance? is passable for loaded rarts, leaving a space of about 38 acres to be made nearest to and adjoining Bourg Louis, which could not be performed for the want of means. Near the h. Jacques Cartier is a deep ravine about 14 feet wide, over which a bridge is ccmstructed. The distance between the rivers Portneuf and the Jacques Cartier is about 32 acres; the latt<;r B K .1 N E U NEW ' U ia approached by a hill about three acres long ; the breadth of the river is about 10 feet, over which is constructed a bridge. The road then ascends a hill of about 2 acres, and from the river Portneuf to the end of the road, which is about half finished, 9 small bridges have been constructed over rivers and brooks. The land on this road is generally good ; the latter part of it which remains to be commenced, will be more expensive and more difficult to tinish than the part that has already been done, in consequence of there being several lulls to pass, and a small river which meanders through the intended line of the road 3 or 4 times, over which bridges must be thrown, and to finish this road properly from the river Portneuf to Bourg Louis will require at least 150/. On the line of these two roads partial settlements were formerly made ; but now the lots are nearly all taken up since the roads have been made, and several of the settlers are now getting materials and building houses, now that the means of communication are afforded ; building materials are very easy to be obtained, there being good building stone in the vicinity, also a com and saw- mill about 3 miles from the concessions St. Jean and Ste. Marie, and about 4 miles from that of St. Charles. These two roads form the com- munication to the church, milk and town, for the few settlers now in Bourg Louis. By the accounts rendered to the inspector-general of public ac- counts, the sum voted for the service was 200/., out of which no balance remains. With this sum the commissioners have mode 9 miles and 4 acres of new road through a new country, bridges, &c., and paid 25/. to the grand voyer, and ten pound.^ for the commissioners' fees. On the east side of the concession St. Charles, separated by the River Portneuf, there is a fine tract of land, commonly colled Ste. Modaleine, which is of the best quality ; timbered with every description of wood, with fine sugaries : a road to it is highly recom- mended by the commissioners ; it would cost about 100/. — The distance from the end of the two above-mentioned roads to waste lands of the crown is exactly nine miles, through a very good country for settling. The lands on the boundaries of the river Ste. Ann arc also good. The north branch of the river Ste. Ann descends from the crown lands into the main river at the point where the two roads would reach thut rivt. If the road from the free bridge should be continued to the river Ste. Ann, for the purpose of reaching the waste lands of the crown, it would be of great utility to new settlements ; this road would cost 360/., and it would be a great encouragement to the settling of the waste lands of the crown. —The Village of Pointe aiue Trembles is exceed- ingly well seated on a projecting point of the same name, rising but a few yards above the level of the St. Lawrence; it is backed by an amphi- theatre of gently rising hills, cultivated to their very summits and embellished with farm-houses, mostly built with stone, which are surrounded by gardens and extensive orchards, affording in every direction, but from the St. Lawrence particularly, a rich, variegated and pleasing coup (tail. This village contains thirty-seven houses, a neat church, 100 ft. by 50, a chapel, a parsonage house, and what is called a convent, where from 40 to 50 scholars are instructed ; also a French school, supported by the inhabitants. Many of the houses are of stone, and their in- habitants are industrious and wealthy, which is also the case with most of the hahitans of this seigniory. The convent is an establishment for female education, conducted by two sisters of the congregation of Quebec, who reside in it as missionaries for disseminating religious and useful knowledge. — Oxen are generally used in agricultural labour, and English carts by many. The inhabitants are clothed in stuffs of home manufacture. — From the point, reaching nearly down to the S. of Desmaure, runs a shoal, called La Batture de la Pointe aux Trembles, thickly beset with rocks, that are uncovered at low water. Statistics. Population 1,521 j Schools C;hurclies,Il.C. Cmt* . . Presbyteries Convents ViUages Corn-mills Saw-mills . Notaries . . 3 Shopkeepers . 3 Taverns . . 7 Artisans . . i.2 Buiheli. . 2,60U 905 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buiheli. I Buihela. I Wheat . 11,910 Barley . . 75 Peas Oats . 10,400 1 I Live Stock. Horses . C02|Cows . l,415lSwine Oxen . 850 1 Sheep . 3,500 1 71/tr.— " Concession du 16me D^cembre, 1053, faite par lu Compagnie, i Jean Bourdon, cuiiteimnt deux lieues trois quarts ou environ de front, sur quatre lieues de pro- fondeur, tenant du c6t^ du Nord-est au iief de Detmure et du cot^ du Sud-Ouest au flef de Bilaire; par devant le fleuve iS<. LaurcntM par derri^re lea terres non-conc^d^es." —MgUtre d'tntendance, Xo, 10 a 17,/o/Ja GOU New Bristol Rivbr rises in the t, of St. li' ( NEW N I C 3 3 7 . 22 005 Dennis, and, tniTening through the centre of the S. of Matane, runs into the St. Lawrence. New Olaboow, about 1 mile from the b. w. comer of the t. of Kilkenny. This settlement was established in 1820; and, considering the numerous impediments, deficiency of mills, want of practicable roads, &c., much progress has been made by the industry and perseverance of this little colony. Newport, township, in the co. of Sherbrouke, is between Eaton and Ditlon, and is bounded in the rear by Auckland, in front by Bury. Although the land in many parts is uneven, the general tendency of the soil is good, and the swampy land is fit for culture. Beech, maple, birch, spruce, basswood and fir are the prevalent sorts of timber. The North River runs nearly through the middle of the t., and the land rises gradually from it in a series of gentle swells to the n. and s. Numerous small streams, after traversing this T., find their way to the North River and New- port River in the a. w. comer. The extreme parts of the a. w. and 8. R. comers are more hilly, particularly in the a. b., where the hills attain a considerable altitude. None of the rivers are navigable. Several roads, generally in a bad state, passing to the adjacent settlements intersect it, as does the intended new one from Craig's road. — From 900 to 1000 acres cleared, and this t. re- sembles Eaton in its agricultural produce, the state of the mechanics, price of labour and descrip- tion of cattle.^Oood flax is produced for domestic use, but as yet no hemp. — Black lead ore has been found in this t., and slate for roofing is pro- duced in abundance. — Ungranted and wtlocated, 15,000 acres. Statistic!. Population . 04 Coni-inillg . 1 Saw-mills , 1 Potasheries . 1 Pearlasheries . 1 Artisans . 1 1 Annual Agricultural Produce. buihrli. Whect . 1,018 Oats . 1,140 Barley . 105 Busheli. Potatoes 1,330 Peas . 200 Rye . 1,100 Butheli. Indian corn 410 Live Stock. llomei . . . 6'l Oxen ... 67 Cows . . 05 Sheep . .102 Swine. . . 03 Newton, township, in the co. of Vaudreuil, and its augmentation, between the seigniories of Rigaud, Soulange, and New LongueuU, is of an irregular figure and very advantageously situated, contiguous to the settlements in the Upper Pro- vince. On the w. side the land is of a very superior quality, and will produce all sorts of grain; many parts also might be employed to great advantage in growing hemp and flax. The E. side is much lower, inclining here and there, for short distances, to be marshy : there is, how- ever, no actual swamp ; and if the low grounds, that are rather wet, were carefully ditched and drained, they would prove most excellent land, and furnish luxuriant meadow and pasture as well as good arable land. On the most elevated parts, the principal timber is maple, beech and birch ; on other parts, cedar, red spruce, alder, and hemlock. As the grants arc all recent, only a few of the lots are yet cultivated, but the good- ness of the situation and other local advantages are likely soon to induce settlers in much greater numbers. In that part which is in the p. of St. Polycarpe are 48 souls. The greatest landholders are the heirs of the late Hon. A. C. de Lotbini^re, Saveuse de Beaujeu, Esq., Mr. John M'Nider, and others. Nixon Lake, in the peninsula near Lake St. John, is a small lake n. of l. Kiguagomishish, with which it is connected by a small channel of about three chains in length, and about one chain in width. There is deep black land covered with alder all around this lake, and upon the banks, about 25 ft. above the water, to the distance of at least a mile, the land is unbroken and level, and the soil an excellent loam; the timber is sapin, black birch, spruce and some white birch. The lake is 36 chains long, lying s. w. and n. e., and about ten chains wide. — Named after Mr. Nixon, a late explorer of Lake St. John. NicoLET, county, in the district of Three Rivers, is bounded e. by the co, of Lotbiniere ; w. by the seignorial line between the seigniory of Nicolet and the seigniories La Bale du Febvrc and Courval; towards the n. by the River St. Lawrence ; s. by the River Becancour, being the boundary of the S. of Blandford and Maddington, by the rear line of the seigniory of Becancour ; w. of that river by the division lines between the township of Aston and its augmentation, and the seigniory of Godefroy, Roquetaillade and the- augmentation of Nicolet ; and lastly by the rear line of the augmentation of Nicolet. It compre- hends the seigniories of Nicolet and its augmenta- tion, Roquetaillade, Oodefroy, Becancour, Cour- E e2 ! i N I C O L E T. nojrer, Oentilljr, Livrard, Fief Dutard, and the townships of Maddington and BUndford. It con« tains five parishes, vis. — Nicolet, St Oregoire, Becancour, Oentilly and St. Pierre ; and also the Tillages of Nicolet and St. Oregoire.— Its breadth, or front, on the St. Lawrence is 32^ miles, and its depth 20, containing 475 square miles ; its centre is in lat. 46° 20' n., long. 72<> 1? 30" w. It sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the places of election are Oentilly and St. Gregoire. — Tb? surface of this co. is level and cbmposed of b'ght soil, sandy in many places, especially along the banks of the rivers, but in the interior the soil is stronger and more productive. It is tolerably well watered by rivers and streams, and by Lake St. Paul. The chief rivers are the Nicolet, Be- cancour and Oentilly, with their branches. The flourishing state of the settlements is evinced by its population and produce : the chief settlements are to be seen along the rivers St. Lawrence, Nicolet, Becancour und Oentilly. — It is tniversed by a number of concession roads, besides those along the borders of the chief rivers. Two roads pass through this co., leading from the ferry op- posite to Three Rivers to the southern townships, the Aston road, and that through Nicolet to Bale St. Antoine : new roads are also opened leading from Oentilly and St. Pierre to Blandford, and up to the new settlements on the Becancour. — In many parts there are highly cultivated farms and good dwelling-houses. Population \2,S93 Chiut-heg, R,C. 5 Cburcbes, Pro. Cur^s Presbyteries College!) Villages Statistics. Com-millB , Saw-mills . Carding-mills Fulling-mills Tanneries Potteries Just, of peace Medical men Notaries . Sbopkeepers Taverns . Artisans . 2 3 8 6 90 Maple sugar, GwtR. 936 Hay, tons 38,100 Annual Agricultural Produce. BuiheU. Buiheli. Wheat . 76,350 1 Peas . 17,6)J0 Oats . 47,100 Rye . 4,883 Barley . 3,200 Indian com 310 Potatoes 66,080 1 Mixedgiain 3,500 Lite Stock, Horses . 5,850 1 Cows ■ 7,490 1 Swine. . 7,1&5 Oxen . 8,6«S|Sbeep • 85,500 1 NicoiiBT, lake and river, in the cos. of Drum- mond and Nicolet. The Lake is in the s. k. comer of the t. of Ham and gives rise to the river. This beautiful sheet of water, about 2^ m. long and one broad, contains several small islands, which are the resort of vast numbers of wild-fowl. The surrounding country possesses every trait of wild romantic beauty. The lake is environed by rising grounds clothed with trees, in some places thickly clusteted together, and in others irregularly dispersed over the acclivities; beyond the first heights are seen in the distance the softened and fantastic forms of a much more elevated chain. — The River, which rises in the lake, consists of two principal branches, distinguished by the names of eastern and western. The distance in a straight line, from the source to the mouth, seems to be about 60 miles; and the breadth of the space which it waters about 12. It collects therefore the waters of about 720 square miles. It tra- verses the townships of Ham, Chester, Artha- baska, Warwick and Horton, where it meets its eastern branch that rises in Wolfstown and de- scends through parts of Chester, Halifax, Stans- fold and Bulstrode; their united waters divide Wendover from Aston, and traversing the aug. to Nicolet enters that seigniory, and a little above the village receives the waters of thewestem branch which rises in Weedon; this branch, traversing through thecentre of Wotton, partially watersTing' wick and Shipton, then running through Kingsey, Simpson and Wendover, it enters the S. of Courval, whence it hastens through the s. w. section of the S. of Nicolet and joins the main branch at what is called the second forks. The Nicolet having thus received its accumulat .'1 waten runs near the s. w. side of the village anil soon after empties itself into Lake St. Peter, where, at its mouth, it divides into two streams and forms Isle Moran. The banks, in the interior townships, are high and generally covered with woods down to the water ; but in the lower part of its course the banks diminish very much and are less woody : from the village downward are several small islands covered with trees that form very pleasing groups. In the upper part of the river there are rapids with fre- quent intervals of gentle current ; these rapids the Indians frequently ascend and descend in canoes. In the spring, when the stream is in- creased by the freshes, small decked vessels can sometimes get up from the St. Lawrence as high as the village; but this cannot be dependetl upon, as the entrance is obstructed by a sand-bar, upon which craft drawing 2 ft. water frequently strike . in the summer or dry season : this bar is called the Batture aux Sables. The scenery on both N I C O L E T. huaJu of the main rirer U varied and beautiful in many plucei, but on the K. ■. ride it is particularly interesting. In the S. of Nicolet thii river adds oonrideraUy to the beauty of the scenery and the fertility of the lands. The banks of the main branch are cut by frequent ravines of conrider- aUe rise. Both rides of this river for about 4 leagues from its mouth are embellished by settle- ments. XicoLKT, seigniory and augmentation, in the CO. of Nicolet, is bounded n. e. by Roquetaillade ; 8. w. by Bale St. Antoine ; in the rear by the t. of Wendover ; in front by Lake St. Peter. — The original grant is 2 leagues in front by 2 in depth. Granted Oct. 2gth,^^672, to Sieur deLaubia: the augmentation, 3 leagues in breadth by 3 in depth, with Isle de la Fourche, was granted Nov. 4th, 1680, to Sieur de Cresse. Both are now the property of Kenelm Connnr Chandler, Esq.— The soil is not remarkably good, but industry has in some degree counteracted its natural defects. Towards the lake the land is poor, of a light sandy nature, but more in the interior it is stronger and better; it lies rather low and in general level; near the village the soil, though not of the best description, is calculated to repay its industrious occupants; more towards the rear it improves greatly and in some places, particularly on the banks of the rivers, it is equal in fertility to any in the province. Three-iifths of the S. are under cultivation and the remainder in woodland and unconceded, of which not more than 300 farms could be formed on account of the large circuits made by the R. Nicolet and its 8. w. branch, the main river traversing the entire seigniory lengthwise; these circuits form excavations and enormous ravines, which deprive the fanner of much land. There are 1 1 ranges of concessions containing 860 farms, 400 of which are well peo- pled. Some of the concessions were granted as fur back as I7I6, and were in thefront range; each farm measuring 12 to 15 arpents by 30 in depth, was conceded at a moderate rent. The subsequent concesrions, prior to 1759, were rented, for 3 ar- pents in front by 25, 30 or 40 in depth, ut 1 or 2 sols toumois per arpent and 1 or 2 capons for each farm. The concessions opened during the 30 years previous to 1821, were rented at a quart of wheat and 2 sols per arpent — It appears that the want of roads, the augmentation of rents, and the ex- penses of drainage necessary to make the non- conceded lands convertible, have been th jirinrt|Ml obstacles to the establishment of new settlements ; and in this S. the settlements were retarded, pre- vious to 1R21, by unfortunate speculations ii wood, which were disa-^trous to many of the in- habitants by draining them of their ready money, and to others they proved utter ruin. — The tim- ber is not remarkable for superior quality or growth ; on the borders of the lake it is generally ho'u franc and on the banks of the 8. w. branch of the R. Nicolet it is spruce and sapin with many conriderable pineries. — The roads are very good, with the exception of that which runs along the main branch of the river into the interior ; the main road to William Henry passes through the village and crosses the river at a ferry where the toll is 3(/. for each person, 9rf. for a horse, and \s. 3d for a horse and carriage ; several other roads intersect the S, in ditferent directions. There is no road over the unconceded lands although they have been surveyed. — This S. is well watered by the R. Nicolet and its s. w. branch ; on both are built com and saw-mills. The corn-mills have three sets of stones each, abundantly supplied with water all the year round, and are of great advantage, not only to the inhabitants of this S. but to those of the neighbouring parishes. A carding-mill is attached to the corn-mill on the N. E. or main branch of the river, and also another to the corn-mill on the s. w. branch. Salmon abounds in the river and large quantities of fish in the lake. — One-third of the groin pro- duced is generally sold, and the wheat is of such excellent quality that it is generally sold for seed to other parishes. The time of sowing is later than at Montreal, but rather sooner than at Quebec. An abundance of hay is grown on the borders of the lake and the St. Lawrence. The breed of horses is Canadian, and though small they are good. — The inhabitants are chiefly catholics, for out of a population of 4000 only 500 are pro- testants. — The Village 0/ Nicolet is pleasantly situ- ated on the banks of the river, about a mile from its mouth ; its appearance, whether approached by the river or by cither of the roads, is calculated to at- tract the notice of a traveller, and ofTers inducements forviriting it sufficient to repay an ordinaryjoumey to the admirers of nature's favoured spots. — This village, containing about 90 houses with a church in the centre, is remarkable for its lieautiful situ- ation on the side of a gentle acclivity, covered i id 7'' !■; ! " '<] ( I I !»(: f I N I C with some majestic oaks (the best timber in the seigniory) and crested with a tuft of lofty pines. Besides the Roman catholic church, 140 ft. by 50 ft., decorated with some valuable paintings, there is a neat well-built protestant episcopal chapel, 50 ft. by 25 to 30 ft. In this viUage, about the begin- ning of the present century, a college for the edu- cation of youth was founded under the auspices of the then catholic bishop of Quebec. It stands on a spot well calculated by the natural beauties of its situation to assist the views of so excellent an establishment. The building is on a simple, unostentatious, but convenient plan, possessing all requisite accommodation for the director, masters, and seventy pensioners. The success and reputa- tion of this institution obtained for it a royal char- ter in the reign of George the Third. The ori- ginal building having been found inadequate to the accommodation of the increased number of students, a new edifice of considerably enlarged dimensions was commenced in 1827 and is now far advanced towards completion. It is calculated to accommodate 200 students. In the beauty and salubrity of its situation the College of Nicolet cannot be surpassed and is perhaps altogether un- equalled. The establishment is endowed with lands and is managed by a body corporate. The scholars wear an appropriate dress and the terms are made suitable to its general utility, being about 20/. per annum for board and instruction in the usual branches of education. This vil- lage has also the advantage of a market twice a week. — Mr. Chandler the seignior has mode valuable improvements in this seigniory, parti- cularly in mills, in opening new roads, in the importation of improved breeds of animals and in the introduction of agricultural implements. — There is perhaps no place where an English emi- grant of moderate capital or income might fix his residence with more advantage and comfort than in the S. of Nicolet, for many of the old settlers will sell their farms on moderate terms in order to make new clearances, which they of course can do with less difficulty and expense than a foreigner. Thus would the emigrant avoid the real difficulties of forming a settlement in distant uncleared wood- land and be surrounded by at least a portion of his countrymen and accommodated with house and outbuildings suited to the climate. — From Lake St. Peter and its entrance into the St. Law- rence the front of the seigniory presents a prospect N O I peculiarly pleasing, for bordering on that river the wood is tolerably thick, with several clear in- tervals through which the settlements and the village are seen in different points of view to the greatest advantage. The views in the S. are in general truly pleasing and beautiful and impres- sively convey a sense of the peace and happiness of an industrious rural life. — Jsle d la Fourche forms a part of this S. Population 4,000 Churches, R. C. Cur^s PreRbyteries CoUfges Villuges Statistics. Corn-mills . Carding-mills FuUiiig-mills Saw-mills Tanneries Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans 2 3 4 3 27 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Buahela. 20,100 14.JXX) 1,600 Potatoes Peas Buihelt. 2% 1 20 3,120 Busheli. Rye . . 550 Indian com 25 £iv« Slock, 1,1001 Cows 1,000 1 Sheep 2,0001 Swine 8,000 1 1,200 Title " Concession du 29me Octohre, 1672, faite par Jean Talon, Inteiidant, au Sieur de Laubia, de deux lieues de front sur autant de profondcur, a prendre sur le lac St. Pierre, savoir ; une lieue au dessus et une lieue an dessous de la riviere Nicolet, icelle comprise."— Jl^g^Wre d^Intendance, No. I, folio 15. Augmentation — " Concession du 4me Novembre, 1680, par le Comte dc Fronlenac, Gouverneur, et Duchctneau, Intendant, au Sieur Creiti, de I'isle de la Fourche, itant dans la riviire Cretii, ensemble les isles et islets qui sont dans la dite ririere, jusqu'au bout de la dite isle ; avec trois lieues d'augroentation duns la profondeur des terres qui sont au bout de toute la largeur de sa Seigneurie." — Ri- gistre irittlendance, No. 'i, folio 21. NoB-oui-LOo, Na-d'haoui-lo or D'araodilo, lake, forms part of the R. Peribonea which runs into Lake St. John. It is about 4 miles long and 1 wide. There are many islands at its entrance and beautiful points of flat land on the s. k. side. It is about 19 miles from the mouth of the river. NoiBK, two rivers in the co. of L'Islet. The Grande Riviire Noire is commonly called Lake Ktacast/ River or outlet. It is about 25 yards wide and about 18 inches deep. It runs rather rapidly over a fine smooth bed of black stones. The banks are level and unbroken and the river contains several small islands. It runs near five small mountains called the Sugar Loaves. — The Petite Riviire Noire, Mr. Gamache, who in 1829 surveyed part of the waste lands in the rear of the S. of L'Islet, towards the R. St. John, struck NOR upon this river and found its north bank to be about 20 ft perpendicular and formed of sandy earth and leTel on its south side : the bed of the B. is strewed with black stones. Ascending a tree on the N. bank, he discovered nothing but a ilat country covered with mixed timber. NoiRK, river, in the co. of Saguenay, is the boundary line betwwn the S. of Mount Murray and the King's Po8t«. It is supposed that on the bank of this r., i ing within the King's Posts domains, there is a very considerable extent of good land, and that a tract equally good extends across the country to Chicoutimi, a distance of two days' journey, or 40 to 50 miles. The tim> ber on this R. is very well adapted for sawing into deals, and a powerful saw-mill has lately been erected near the outlet of the river at Port au Persil by Messieurs M'Leod and Duberges. There is a footpath from Malbay across the country, but it would be difficult to make a road for car- riages. Noire, la Riviere, rises in the rear part of the S. of Oaspc, in the co. of Lotbini^re, and passing through the s. w. boundary line of the S. of Lau- zon it is joined by the Ruisseau Gosselin and soon after foils into the s. w. branch of the R. Chaudiore. NOIRB, LA RiVIBRB, V. PrEVOBT, R. NoRD-OuEST, bras du, river, in the S. of Cdte de Beaupre. This stream is thus named becai'se it is the N. w. branch of the R. du Oouffre. it rises in a small lake in the p. of La Petite Riviere and taking a N. E. course enters the p. of Baie de St. Paul, where it joins the r. du Gouffre about one mile from its mouth. North Channel, one of the connecting branches of the St. Lawrence that conducts its waters into Lake St. Peter. It extends from Isle au Foin, opposite Fief Dorvillier to Isle a I'Aigle, near Maskinonge Bay. North River, in the co. of Sherbrooke, rises in various springs in the townships of Ditton and Emberton and traversing Newport it enters Eaton wherp it joins Eaton River. North River or Riviere du Nord, in the COS. of Terrebonne and Two Mountains, rises in waste lands n. w. of Abercromby, and entering that T. at lot 6 in the 11th range, traverses it and enters the aug. to MiUe Isles, where turning to the 8. w. it crosses the aug. of Lac des Deux Montagnes and Argenteuil to the forks at Chute Mills, where it receives the West River, and after NOT watering the lower part of the N. ■. section of Chatham it winds over the e. w. angle of Argen- teuil, where it turns a paper-mill near the village and soon after falls into the Ottawa at the head of the Lake of Two Mountains. Its mouth is divided by an islet into two channels and the width of the river up to the bridge at the village of St. Andrews may be from 6 to 8 chains. Boats and river craft ascend to the village notwithstand- ing the rapids and rocks that impede its naviga- tion, which might be improved so as to admit of the ascent of steam -boats calculated to draw but little water. Above the bridge there is a rapid near which stands the old mill: thence to the chute (or falls) the river averages from 5 to fi chains wide and is in that interval obstructed by 6 or 7 rapids, including the waterfall of La ChAtc, whnre Major Johnson's seignorial corn and saw- mills are situated. From this place this beautiful river is navigable for boats and crai^ almost to Abercromby, a distance of twenty-five or thirty miles, and may be found to admit of being na- vigated much farther, thereby presenting as it were a second navigable front, offering important facilities to the internal settlements of that section ' of the country. Ascending this river and viewing on either side the neat habitations of the farmer, his extensive improvements and well cultivated fields, a stranger might easily fancy himself tra- velling in the old settled parts of the province. — The farms and estates entitled to particular no- tice are those of Captain Barron, J. M. Perkins, Esq., Mr. Gatton and Mr. Hutchinson, who have considerably forwarded these settlements. — The course of this r. is about lOd- miles over an un- equal bed, making many beautiful falls. It is well stocked with fish and the water is of a very yellow colour, indicative of the soil through which it runs. Notre Dame (R.), v. Cap St. Michel, S. Notre Dame oe Liesse (P.), v. Riviere OUELLE, S. Notre Dame de Mibbricorde (P.), v. Beau- pobt, S. Notre Dame des Anoes, seigniory, in the CO. of Quebec, is between D'Orsanville and Beau- port, bounded in front by the rivers St. Charles and St. Lawrence and in the rear by the t. of Stoneham. — One league broad and four deep. Granted, 10th Mar., 1626, to the Order of Jesuits, and, like their other properties, now reverted to i ! ' i NOTRE DAME DES ANOES. ■ m the crown. — The Und is generally extremely fer« tile and in the front is a good rich earth mixed with clay or sund; more in the interior a fine black mould, much drier and more friable than the former; in the rear a good loam prevails. The surface is uneven, and, from a fine flat near the river, rises into ridges by easy gradations to the rear boundary, and there becomes broken, rough, and mountainous. About two-thirds of the whole are in the best state of cultivation and exceedingly well inhabited. The flat space near the St. Lawrence is called la Canardifre, and is wholly in meadow and pasture and produces abundant crops of hay of superior quality. The arable lands are very fruitful in grain of all kinds and a considerable extent is in garden ground, where vegetables of every description and of great excellence are raised for the supply of the capital. The most cultivated parts are sparingly timbered, presenting only occasionally reserves of wood, where the trees are of inferior dimension and of little value, but they embellish the country agreeably enough ; in the rear wood is abundant and the land is conceded to the i ihctiituiits in small por- tions for the purposes of fuel and other domestic uses, of which, exclusive of their own consump- tion, they continually supply large quantities for the use of Quebec. The beach of the St. Law- rence in front of the seigniory is occupied as tim- ber-ground and furnished with extensive booms and every necessary means of securing the timber. The Village of Charlesbourg is pleasantly and con- spicuously situated on u rising ground of consider- able eminence about 4 miles n. of Quebec, and consists of aljout 70 houses, well built and mostly of a respectable appearance, to each of which a good garden and small orchard urc attached. This village is one of the oldest and most interesting settlements in Canada. It has two churches, one lately built, the other, though smaller and less commodious, is far more interesting, having be- come the centre of the surrounding farms, whence they all radiate. — The reason of this singular cha- racter in the surrounding allotments arose from the absolute necessity to create a neighbourhood, for which purpose each farm was permitted to •Kcupy tmly u space of three acres in front by thirty in depth. This contiguous and continuous neighbourhood liad its peculiar udvantugcs. Po- pulation was scanty and labour diflicult to be pro- cured ; by this umtngeuient the facility to keep up a road in front of each farm (which it was the duty of every proprietor to preserve) was ren« dered more easy. — The other advantage and not the least which this singular position afforded, was the proximity to the church, which became the signal of alarm whenever hostile attempts were made by the Indians, and was the centre of defence around which the inhabitants all rallied whenever the bell sounded the alarm to defend their possessions. Here the elections of the mem- bers of parliament for the county are always held. ^A little below the village of Charlesbourg, on the skirts of a small rising ground on the north side of a concession or cross-road, stands a small group of handsome houses, usually called the Little Village, which does not yield in beauty of situation to Charlesbourg. — Of two roads leading from Dorchester-bridge, one on the left is called Le Chemin de Charlesbourg and the other La Canardifre or Le Chemin de Beauport ; on the latter is a succession of good houses, excellent gardens and farms in a high state of cultivation. Two houses of superior elegance, one belonging to the heirs of the late Doctor Stewart and the other to the heirs of the late John Jones, Esq., usually attract notice for their good style of architecture, excellence of situation, beautiful gardens, and sur- rounding shrubberies and plantations. There is also a very spacious house belonging to the eccle- siastics of the seminary of Quebec, generally di- stinguished by the appellation of La Maison des Prftres ; it is retained in their own hands as a farm and also serves as a place of recreation for all the memliers of the establishment once a week. — Part of this seigniory is in the parish of Notre Dame des Angcs and \viH in that of Charlesbourg. The Parish of Notre Dame des Anges is very small and contains from 50 to 55 houses and an hospital with very few inhabitants, who are all artisans or labourers. — The Parish of Charlesbourg or AY. Charles Boromie, by a regulation confirmed by a royal decree. Mar. 3, 1732, extends 3 leagues and IH arpents in front and comprises the Little \'iL. lage, the Oros Pin, St. Jerome called Lavergne, Bourg Royal, Bourg la Reine, Charlesbourg, St. Claude, St. Pierre, St. Joseph, St. Bonavcnture, St. Bernard, St. Remain, St. Gabriel, St. Jacques, Pincourt, le Petit St. Antoine, and le Grand St. Antoine. In this parish are the highlands called the Charlesbourg Mountains, situated in the rear of the villages uf Charlesbourg and Bourg Royal. t! spital N O Y Statistics. PopulHtion l,.'>06 Churchctt R. C. 1 Clirrs . . 1 Presbyteries . Schools . . 1 Villages . . 1 Houses in do. M Corn-mills . 1 Saw-mills . . 3 Shopkeepers 1 Artisans . . 10 jHiiual Agricultural Produce. Buiheli. Wheat . 1H,2(I0 Oats . 30,060 Barley . 2,000 Duaheli. Buihelt. Potatoes 60,200 Bye . . 201 Peas . i,Mli Indian corn -kiO ill* Stock. Horses . 602 Oxen . 010 Cows . 1,202 Sheep . 3,612 Swine . 903 Title. " Concession du lOine Mars, 1026, faite par la Comiiagnie aux ri'v^rends pcres Ji'suites ; de lu Seigncuric de Notrr Dame vhich are several small lukes, one of which is distinguished by the appellation of Long Lake, and is used as u reservoir for timber, through which, also, boats and canoes iiass, and are carried over from its western extremity into Lac des Chats. This t. is traversed by many streams, and well watered by small lakes ; but the generality of the lands arc not, as far lu the surveys have extended, esteemed of a quality likely to induce emigration in that quarter. This t. has no regular O R F mads, and is but thinly settled in front. There was only one settler in 1820. — At the w. end or comer is Black Bay, and also one of the many rapids of the Ottawa, called Rapide des Chats. — Ungranted and unlocated 31,400 acres. Population Statistics, 31 I Saw-mills I AutiuttI Agrieullural Produce. Buiheli.! Busheli. I Buiheli. Oats 40 1 Potatoes . 430 'Indian com 280 Horses Oxen Live Slock. 2 I Cows 2 Swine Ontarietsi Lake or Lac St. Josbph, in the S. of Fausembault, is about 5 miles long. It receives the little river Aux Pins, and dis- charges itself into the n. Jaques Cartier. Orford, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is bounded e. by Aecot and the R. Magog ; s. by Hatley : w. by Stukeley ; n. by Brompton. — But little can be said of this township, and that little not very favourable. It is mountainous, rough, and almost unfit for tillage, but it contains some good timber and some large lakes, one of which, about 4 miles long and ^ of a mile broad, stretches into Brompton. Part of the village of Sherbrooke stands on the 8th lot of the first range of this T — North of Orford Mountain, where a road is now being made, there is a high chain of mountains, stretching to tb-^ n. for ten r>.'les; thence almost to the river St. Francis, it is in- terspersed with small lakes and swamps and unfit for cultivation : on the h. and s. k. of this chain lie other mountains and the whole body of Lake Memphramagog, which is impassable for two to three weeks every spring and fall. The road, which the commissioners are empowered to make near this mountain, must ever be the grand thoroughfare for the settlements cast of Lake Memphramagog — Ungranted and unlocated 29,403 acres. Statistics, Pupulatiori Ui Annual Agricullural Produce. Wheat OaU Horse* Oxen Buihrli. (MKI Uuihfli. I Buihrln. Potatoes 2,4(i« Ryp . . KK) Peas 40 1 Indian com 40U Lilt Slock, ♦7 Cows 53 1 Sheep nfl' Swine 800 O R L Orleans Island or Isle St. Laitrknt, about 4 miles n. e. of Quebec, divides the River St. Lawrence into two channels — 19 miles long and 5^ broad, containing 69 sq. miles ; its centre is in lat. 4fi" 5»i n , long. 70" f)? 30' w. It sends 2 members to the provincial parliament, and the place of election is at St. Jean. — Granted as a seigniory 15th Jan., 1636, to the Sieur Castellon. — It is at present divided into three distinct properties, be- longing to Madame Drapeau, Monrs. Poulain, and Monsr. Le Comte Dupr^. It is also a county of itself, and lies in the district of Quebec, and com- prehends all the islands nearest to it, and which in whole or in part front it. It contains the parishes of Saint Pierre, Saint Jean, Sainte Fa- mille. Saint Laurent, and Saint Francois, and the Islands of Madame and Reaux. — This island is next in size to that of Montreal, and approaches it in fertility and richness of soil more nearly than any other part of the district of Quebec : its western extremity is only 4 miles from Cape Dia- mond. The shores incline gradually to the beach, and in some places are a few rocky cliffs, but not of great extent or elevation : from the foot of the slopes are large spaces of low meadow, sometimes intersected by patches of excellent arable land. Bordering the North Channel the Ijcach is flat and muddy, with reefs of rocks running along it ; but on the southern side it is a fine sand, with only a few pointed rocks sticking up here and there. The highest part of the island is by the church of St. Pierre, about four miles from the western extremity, and almost fronting the falls of Montmorenci ; and also just above Patrick's Hole, nearly abreast of St. Pierre, on the soutli side, on which is placed the second telegraph of the chain from Quebec to Green Island. The centre part is thickly wooded, but without pro- ducing any timber of superior growth. The soil is highly fertile in almost every part ; on the high lands it is generally a light good earth, cither mixed with sand, or sand and clay ; in less elevated situations there is a fine black mould, which, as it nears the shores, is likewise blended with sand. This delightful spot is but scantily watered by the little river Dauphin, the rivulet Maheu, and a few other trifling streams, all of which in summer-time fail of a Hutficient supply to work the ■ ily two mills that arc built upon them . The parishes of St. Pierre and Stc. Famille on the north, .St. Laurent, St. Jean, and St. Fnufoii un the south, each of V r 2 \/i i I ORLEANS ISLAND. :ii HI which has iti church and panonage-house, embrace the whole circuit of the island : St. Jean and Ste. Famille are more populous than the others, and their inhabitants are wealthy and substantial fanners. Four curates perform the clerical duties of the five parishes, the incumbent of Ste. Fa* mille serving St. Francois. A good road encom- passes the whole island, and several others cross it. The churches of St. Laurent and St. Jean are situated close upon the southern shore: the distance between them is six miles over excellent and well cultivated lands, richly diversified with orchards and gardens ; the ground rising with an easy slope from the road displays the industry of the farmers to very great advantage. Along the road side are houses at short intervals from each other throughout the whole distance. Patrick's Hole, a little westwarcl of St. Laurent, is a safe and well-sheltered cove, where vessels outward- bound usually anchor, and wait their final in- structions for sailing. At Anse au Maraud was launched the immense ship called the Columbus of 3700 tons register admeasurement, 301^ ft. in length, 50 ft. 7 in breadth, and 29 ft. 4 in. in depth ; she was built at the expense of a Scotch company by a Mr. Wood from Glasgow, and carried four masts. On the western point is a group of very neat houses; at several of which the inhabitants furnish accommodations to the numerous persons who visit the island for amuse- ment or curiosity, both in summer and winter. The fertility of this spot is so great, and the habitans such good cultivators, that large quan- tities of grain, and most sorts of provisions, arc continually furnished for the consumption of Quebec; among the fruits, apples and plums attain a much greater degree of perfection than in any other place in the lower district ; but they do not equal the productions of Montreal. In Ste. Famille there is a large stone building, where several nuns reside and keep u seminary for the education of females. — Tliis island contains 5 parishes. The parish of Ste. Famille, by a regulation of Sept. 'M, ]72l, confirmed by an order in council, March 3, 1722, extends 2 J leagues along the North (^Imimel, from the house of Louis Ouerard, which separates it from the parish of St. Pierre, to the rivulet named Pot du Beurre. The farms range along the north channel of the St. Law- rence, and extend in depth one league to the middle of the island, and abut on the farms of the parish of St. Jean. One farm, only, belongs to the nuns, including which there are 67 farms in this p., and all are under tenure and inhabited, besides which there are 12 emplacements. The size of all the farms, excepting four, is from 2 to 2f front arpents ; one is 7 front arpents, and three others are 6 arpents in from. The quality of the soil is but middling. There are more of the maple and cherry than of other trees. Here is a convent but o other school, for, the girls who are in- structed in the convent, amounting sometimes to 60, are generally employed when at home in in- structing others of the family, by which means all are educated without the necessity of erecting schools. In this p. there is neither village, inn, nor house, deserving of much notice, although almost all the houses are built with stone. Be- sides wheat, oats and peas, very little grain is grown. The breed of swine is worthy of remark, but that of other animals is much the same as in other parts of the province where no particular attention has been paid to it. There is only one road, but that is a very good one. About 50 ells of linen, and the same quantity of etoffes du pay*, are made annually on an average by each family. Oxen as well as horses are used in agricultural labour. — All the farms have been conceded, for more than a century, on the terms usual at the time, and all of them have been frequently sur- veyed. When there are too many individuals in a family, some of them leave the parish for the purpose of learning trades or taking farms. The Parish of St. Francois de Salles, by a re- gulation of Sept. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1 722, situated in fief Argen- tenay, is 3 leagues in extent, 1 J league along the South Channel, beginning at and including the house of Louis Gaulin descending to tlie lower end of the island, and 1^ league along the North Channel ascending from the n. k. end of the island to the house of Charles Guirard, including all the intervening lands. — This parish is the pro- IK-rty of Mr. Dupn'. The size of the furnis is nearly the same with two exceptions ; one indi- vidual possesses a farm of 10 front uqients, that of another is about 6 arpents, all the others amounting to 52 are between 2 and 3 arpents. All the farms have been conceded lung ago ; they are all susceptible of cultivation and have been accurately surveyed. The inhabitants wliu quit ?!!|i »v- O R L the parish, leave it for the purpose of following some trade, which appears to be their only wish. The Parith of St. Jean Baptiste, by n regulation of Sept. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, is 2^ k-agues along the South Channel, extending from and including the house of Andre Terrein to Riviere Alahcu, com- prehending all the lands in this space to the middle of the island. — In this parish are farms of various sues, from 3 front arpents down to half an arpent, but none so large as six front arpents by 30 in depth. All the lands were conceded be- fore \'t5fd, and there being none unoccupied, many persons, who are desirous of making new settle- ments, are prevented from doing so near their re- latives and friends, and would therefore settle else- where if they hud the means. Not a single pa- rishioner has migrated to the townships, for the mode of concession there practised is not agreeable to them. The old farms are too much divided, and the number of small emplacemens on barren soils are ronticually increasing ; and their occu- piers curry on trades without a knowledge of scarcely the first elements ; they bring up families of wretched beings destined to increase the num- ber of mendicants. The Pariah of Si. Laurent, by a regulation, Sept. 20, 1741, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, is 2^ leagues from the river Slaheu, along the South Channel to the house of Pierre Gossclin, including all the lands within these limits to the centre of the island. — The ob- servations made relative to the parish of St. Jean apply equally to the parish of St. Laurent. The Parish of St. Pierre and St. Paul, by a regulation, Sept. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, is 2\ leagues along the North Channel, from the river Pot du Beurre to the 8. w. extremity of the island, including all the lands within those limits us described in the contracts of concession ; but should any of the inhabitants, whose grunts extend entirely across the island, choose to reside on the opposite or south side, then they are to become parishioners i)f St. Laurent, and puy tithes to the cun' of thut parish accordingly. — All the lunds were conceded prior to IJHii, und are now, as much us (wssible, under cultivation. About half the farms extend rather more than two arpents in front, the others are of less extent. Population ■1,078 Churches . I 5 Curfs ... * Presbyteries . 5 Convents O T T Statitlici. rom-mills . Saw-mills Ship-}'ards Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns H Artisans i7 River-cmft i Tunnaire «* KeeUboats . 13 Annual Agricultural Product. BuiheU. I BuiheU. Buihcla. Wheat 3I,!W4 Peas . Ift.'iOO Mixed Rf«in 2,105 Oats . 20,89« Kye . 3,165 Maple su(?»r, Barley . ^(iU5 Buck wheat ii.oOO 1 cwts. Kitt Potatoes l(Mt,0(M I Indian com 3161 Hay, tons 111,122 Live Stock, Horses . 1,014 1 Cows . 2,()98|Swi»e . *,810 Oxen . l,C!N)|Sheep . 6,905 1 Tille.—" Lettres d'affranchissement et de rcglement de la Seigneurie de Bcaupri et de Vlile d'Orlt'am, du 2Hme Mars, 1674, rapportaiit une concession du I5me Janvier, 1636, de I'Isle d'0'7<^an*, BU Sieur CartWon."—ltigiatr( deiFoi ft Hommage, Xo. 100. /oHo 80, le lameJuin, 1781. —Calihi id; Intend. 10 d 17,/«/io758, 759. Ormb-town, t'. Beauharnoib, S. Oroquois, river, runs into the R. Madawaska near the Madawaska settlement. OssoooD, river, rises in the t. of Thetford, whence it runs N. w. into the t. of Leeds, where it joins Su^flay River and soon after falls into the R. Becancour. Ottawa, county, in the district of Montreal, is bounded 9. r. by the 8. r. boundary line of the S. of La Petite Nation, running n. along that line, from the Ottawa Kiver, to the depth of the sei- gniory, and thence the same course continued to the N. boundary of the province ; on the west by the N. and w. bounds and limits of the province ; and on the south-west by the Grand or Ottawa River, in its whole extent to Luke Temiscaming, and from the head of that lake, by a line due north to the boundar}' line of the Hudson Buy territory. It includes all the islands in the Grand or Ottawa River and in Lake Temiscaming, nearest to the county and in the whole or in part fronting it. This county so bounded comprises the seigniory of La Petite Nation, and the following townships on the R. Ottawa: Lochaber and its augmentation, Buckingham, Templeton, Hull, Eardly, Onslow, and all the townships in the above-described limits, on the north of the Ottawa River. — This extensive county is situated l)etwecn the parallcN of Int. 46" 34' JW" and 4?' i".* n., and l)etweeu the degrees of longitude 74" 47' 30" and »0" «' 10' w., from the meridian of Greenwich. Its length is 21)0 miles und breadth 129, containing 34,tone. The P A C land near its mouth, as seen from the lake, into which it descends as a rapid, appears to be good and level. OuiOUATSROVAN, V. OuiATCHOUAN. OUIQUI (L.), V. WlQUI. OuLNBY, a projected township in the co. of Megantic, stretches from the n. w. comer of Dorset to the s. angle of Tring. Ours, a 1', river, runs into the r. Chuamou- shuane. It produces salmon. OuTARDBB, lake, in the S. of Becancour, con- nects with Lake St. Paul and participates in the general amenity of the situation ; it derives its name from the immense quantities of birds of that species (bustards) that formerly frequented its borders, although now one of them is rarely seen, the increase of settlements having long since driven them to more solitary situations. OuTARDEs, Riviere aux, falls into the Sague- nay about midway between Ha-Ha Bay and Chi- coutimi, on the opposite side. Its banks are in meadow for 15 arpents upwards and perhaps farther. It is an inconsiderable stream and nearly similar to the St. Charles near Quebec, *. Pabos, at the entrance of the Bay of Chaleurs, and in the co. of Gas^it'. The bays of Great and Little Pabos, about 5 miles from each other, lie about midway between Cap D'Espoir and Point Macquereau. On the w. side of Great Pabos Bay is a small village, and on the B. side, on a projecting point, stand the summer habitations of the fishermen, as they are usually termed: several streams descend into this bay from a numerous chain of small lakes to the north-westward. Pachot, seigniory, in the co. of Rimouski, is between Mitis and Le Page, and bounded in front by the St. Lawrence, It is, by the title, one league in breadth and one league in depth, and extends half a league on each side of the R. Mitis, Granted, Jan. 7> 1689, to Sieur Pachot. — The surface of this small tract is generally mountainous and broken along the front, and affords but little good land for agricultural pur- poses. Tillr " ronresi'ion du 7me Janvier, 1689, fiiitc pur Jacqiiei de Briiiiy, Gouvvrneur, et Jean Bocharl, liiterid- oo i I ':! , m I '■■ ; f i ■>■ j pl';:i .r J ' PEL ant, au Sieur Pachot, de la riviere de MUii, dan* la de- vanturp, Hur le fleiive St. Laurent, }u»nn'k une lieue de profondeur et une iieue de terre aur le tieuve St. Laurent, moiti^ audessus et nioiti(' audcsnoiig de la dite rivi£re sur semblable profondeur d'une tieuc'—SSgUtre d'lntendaace, A'o.3,/o/ and its course is from the E. N. E. ; it is about 45 chains wide and the cur- rent is moderate as far as the falls, which are about nine miles from its mouth. These fulls are three in number and above them is the Lake D'Ahaouiloo or Na-d'haoui-lo, about 4 miles long and one wide. — This river may be said to be the most beautiful, and that which offers the most ad- vantageous site for n settlement, of all the rivers in that part of the country. Its banks are level and wooded with a mixture of aspen, white Wrch, red and white spruce, sapins and scattered red and white pine, with cypress. The higher this R. is ascended, the better the land appears to be. Perrot, island and seigniory, lies off the a. w. end of the Island of Montreal and is included in the CO. of Vaudreuil. It was named after the first governor of Montreal, to whom it was granted Oct. 29, 1672.— The seigniory of Isle Perrot oo2 : il :i ■||;|1' I. i ii '4< '. PER also includes the Isles de la Pais, that lie in front of Chateauguay and Beauharnois. — Granted to Sieur Perrot Oct. 29, 1672, and is now the pro- perty of Amable Dt-atry, Esq. — Isle Perrot is about 7 m. in length and nearly 3 in breadth at its widest part : it contains 143 farms, of which rather more than one half arc settled and tolerably well cultivated; the soil is generally light and sandy ; in some places an uneven surface of rock. The wood is not yet entirely cleared, and of what remains beech and maple constitute the chief part. The houses are scattered near the roads, but there is no village ; there is one church and only one windmill. Two fiefs are in this S. : one, called Fief Brucy, 10 acres in front by 3U in depth, is the property of the representatives of Ignace Che- nier; the other, named La Framboise, is of an irregular figure, containing 180 superficial acres, and belongs to Franf^ois Freinch. There are four ferries from Isle Perrot : the first to Ste. Anne, in the Island of Montreal, for which the charge is two shillings; one to the main land above the rapid of Vaudreuil, and another to the foot of the same, one shilling and eightpence each ; the fourth is to the canal at Pointe des Cascades, for which the demand is three shillings and fourpence each person. The Isles de la Poix serve for pasturage only. (Vide vol. I. p. 212.) Population 8d3 Churches, R.C. 1 Ciu'fs . 1 Presbyteries . 1 Statistics, Corn-mills . Saw-mills . Just, of peace Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Horses Oxen Buihelt. , 7,800 , 5,200 BuiheU. Barley . 100 Potatoes 18,000 Peas Live Stock. 2971 Cows 2801 Sheep 506 1 Swine 1,200 Buihelt. 3,960 395 Title. — " Concession du 29nie Octobre, 1672, faite par Jean Taloi^ Intendant, de I'isle Perrot et autres adjacentes, comprises T'Islede la Paijr, I'lsle aux Pini, I'Isle Sic. Gc- B«iiJtue et I'Isle St. Gillei." — Rigittre d'lntendance, Xo. 1, folio 5. Perry's Strbah, rises in the t. of Emberton and running a. traverses the t. of Drayton, and piercing the province line enters the R. Connecti- cut a little above the Great Falls. Perthuis, seigniory, in the co. of Portneuf, is PET bounded in front by the bomny of Portneuf and on the other sides by waste lands. — Ij league in breadth and nine leagues in depth. — Granted, Oct. 11, 1753, to .Sieur Perthuis. From the boundary of Portneuf the land rises in a broken and irregular series of heights towards the rear, where it falls in with the N. w. ridge of moun- tains : the soil for a league or two in the interior is a light loam or clay, sometimes covered with a thick layer of fine black mould; these spots, if brought under cultivation, would no doubt prove very productive : of the quality more to the rear nothing has yet been ascertained. No part of the grant is appropriated to agriculture. The timber is in general very good and abundant, consisting of the best kinds found upon a dry good soil, as maple, beech, ash, birch and pine. The lower portion of the S. is watered by the n. Ste. Anne, which runs across it, but in the other ports there ore only a few small streams that break from the sides of the mountains. Title " Concession du 1 1 me Octobre, 1753, faite par le lUarijuis Dugiicinc, Oouvtrneur, tt Francoit jiigul. In- tendanc, an Sieur Perthuii, d'une lieup et demie de front, sur neuf lieues du profbiidcur, ii prendre uu bout des truis lieues de profondeurde Portneuf." Jiegiitre d'lntendance, iVo. 10,/oHo 17. Peshikaouinamibuushiiii (R.), t>. R. Deb AULNAIS. Pesquiaman, river, in the co. of Bonaventure, runs into the s. w. side of the R. Matapediac about 9 miles from its mouth. Petite Fbrub, river, in the parish of St. Joachim, in the S. of C(^te de Beaupre, runs through the Domaine into the St. Lawrence. Petitk Isle, v. l. St. John. Petite Nation, river, winds through and traverses the S. of the same name from m. b. to s. w. and running through a mountainous country finally discharges its waters into the Ottawa w. of the neck of land that unites the peninsula with the main land near the head of an arm of the Ottawa. It is about 3 chains wide and is na- vigable for bateaux nearly the whole year us far as the mills, 5 miles from its mouth ; above this the R. is rough and rapid. It issues from a num- ber of lakes about 100 miles in the interior well stocked with fish, one of which is named Lake Papineau. Petitb Nation, seigniory, in the co. of Ot- tawa, is bounded n. e. by Grenville ; s. w. by i; If i^ DE8 of Ot- .w. by PET Lochaber Gore ; in the rear by waste lands ; in front by the h. Ottawa. — 5 leagues in front by 5 in depth. Granted, May Kith, 1074, to Mes- sire Francois de Laval, Bishop of Pctr^e, the first Biiihop of Quebec. It is now the property of the lion. L. I. PapineHU, the Speaker of the House of Assembly. The Ottawa indents the front with licveral bays and large ponds, towards which the land is low but of excellent quality. The land, to a great distance in the interior, is iit for the cultivation of every species of grain, hemp, flax and grasses of all descriptions. On the mar- gin of the rivers large tracts of fine natural mea- dows and pastures at present enrich only the earth with their exuberant plenty. The inlets and ponds abound with fish in great variety and the neigh- bouring grounds with game, duck, teal and other wild fowl in great quantities. Penetrating deeper into the seigniory, the land has a gradual ascent and is clothed with timber of the best kinds ; the oak is of superior quality and of the largest di- mensions fit for ship-building. The main ridge of mountains, that takes a westemly course from Quebec until it falls upon the Ottawa, crosses La Petite Nation about the middle ; beyond this intersection the remainder of the grant has been only partially explored and the quality appears to be much inferior to that of the south, although the various sorts of timber seem to retain their su- periority, or are at any rate but very little inferior. From the range of heights and the upper lands several small streams have their sources, whence in various directions they water the valleys in their way to the Ottawa, but they are too incon- siderable for other purposes than irrigation and working of mills. — About one-tenth of the sei- gniory is conceded, and the first contracts of con- cession, 8 or 9, were made in 1810. All the lands in the front are conceded^ and 3 new con- cessions, called St. Fran9ois, St. Charles and St. Amedee, extending backward to the R. La Petite Nation, are made, and only one-tenth part of each is as yet under occupation. The farms arc un- usually large for French grants, being 5 arpents by 40, each of which pays 4 bushels of wheat and 2 French crowns annually. — The road opened by the commissioners for internal communications runs across the front of the S., having settlers on each side who keep it in constant repair. The sum of 3,000/. was voted by the provincial legislature in 1827 for the improvement of this important PET route, which connects the new settlement* on the Ottawa with the more settled parts of the district of Montreal. — A small river runs through the middle of the first front concession and drives a corn-mill with 2 sets of stones and also a saw- mill having only 4 saws. These arc sufficient for the wants of the seigniory. At the falls of the R. La Petite Nation is a saw-mill which annually cuts for exportation from 45 to 50,000 thick planks and deals, besides which a great quantity of shingles are made. The sawn tim- ber, as soon as cut, is put into a canal made of wood extending 2,400 ft. from the mill to the bottom of the falls, where it is immediately rafted for the Quebec market. — The population now amounts to 800, which constitute above 140 fa- milies, of which more than 80 are catholic : al- most oil the inhabitants reside on the first con- cession in front. Although the improvements are progressive and will become more rapid from year to year, the settlers are as yet too poor to eiiect much without the assistance of the seignior, who, encouraged by the last act of the legislature in favour of education, intended last year to build a school-house with stone ; and about 9 years ago a church, 90 ft. long, was built with wood. Title.—" Concession par la Compagnie des Indcs du )6nie Mni, 1674, a Mesiiirc Fraiifoit de Laval, Kveque de Pitree, et premier Eveque de Qiiibec, de cinq liciies de terre de front sur cinq iieues de prutondcur, sur le Heuve St. Laurent dans la Nouvclle France, enWron quarunte deux Iieues au dessus de Montreal; i prendre depuis le Suult de la Cbaudiere, vulgairement appel£ La Petite Na- tion en descendant le fleuve sur le chemin des Outawat." —Ciihieri iP lutendance, 10 d M.fnfin 682 Rigittre del Foi ct Hommage, No. 142, page 238. P£TiTK Riviere, in the S. of La Salle, runs N. within half a mile of the church of St. Con- stant into the R. La Tortue. Petite Riviere (P.), v. Cote de Beaupre. Petit Lac, le, in the S. of Cote de Beaupre, has two discharges, one by the Riviere de la Fri- ponne, the other by a little rivulet called Decharge du Lac, K. of Cap Tourmente, which is diy in summer except after rains. Petit-Pre, du, river, in the S. of CAte de Beaupre, separates the parishes of Ange Gardien and Chateau Richer. It was formerly called Ri- viere Laval. There are two handsome mills on this R., one for grinding com and the other for sawing. This R. has been considerably increased by the junction of another r. which formerly dis- 1 v i i :a. ,11 ^ PI L POM ■fc !?' charged iUelf into the R. Montmorenci. The Ri- vt^ du Petit«Prt falli into the St. Lawience oppodte the oentie of the Idand of Orleana. Petit Villaoh, v. Rivibbb ov Loup, S. — V. KaM OUBASKA, S. Phillipsbubob (V.), v. St. Abiiano. PlCKOtTAOAXIB, V. ASSUAPMOUBSOIN, B. Pibbbbvillb, seigniory, in the co. of Ya- maska, ii in the rear of St. Francois and is bounded s. and a. w. by De Ouir. — 1^ league in front by one league iu depth. Granted, Aug. 3, 1683, to Sieur Laurent Phillippe and is now the property of Mr. dc Montenac— A tolerably good soil is the general characteristic of the grant, which in some parts lies low, but there are no swamps. The best land is on each side of the St. Francis, where are the principal settle- ments and the best cultivation; the quantity under hand amounts to one-third of the whole or a little more. The river St. Francis runs through the S., dividing it nearly into two parts, and af- fords the advantages of easy and expeditious con- veyance, as its current hereabouts and towards the St. Lawrence is very rapid. An inferior descrip- tion of timber prevails ; enough, however, of the better sorts is found to supply the wants of the inhabitants. The river turns a corn and a saw mill, and forms two or three small islands covered with trees of no real value, although exceedingly decorative. Tilk. — ■• ConcesHion du 3me Aotit, IGH3, fnlte par Lefbvrc, (roiivenieiir, et Dc AfcuUrt, Inti'ndaiit, uu Sieur Laurent PhUlippe, d'une lieiie et demie de terre de front Nur uiic liciic de profundeur, joiRiiant du cot^ du Sud- uucHt lex tcrres iioii-funL'(d('rs, d'autre coib au Nord-ouest, d'uii bout our lii SciKncuric du Sieur Vrcviirc, d'autre uux terres non-ounr/'dt'eH, aver lea ikIoh et islets qui He reiieuntrcroiit dans la dite prui'oiideur, la rivii'ru .V(. Fran- (oiV I'liiiipriite daiiH icelle profundeur, eiisorte (|uVlle fut uu milieu de la dite profoiideur."— t'li/iiciJ iVIulendamv, No. i a 9,./i(Ho iWl — /.If. Con. Sup. hitrc U.folh l«>. Pibrhkvillb, a village in the S. of Berthier, in the co. of Berthier. It ccmtnins 25 houses, in- cluding one inn. PiKHHisii, Old, river, runs into the n. r. bank uf the 8t. Maurice below the R. Windigu. PiLOHiUH, four islands lying about 1 J mile off the S. of Granville and Luclicnaye, stretching nearly its whole breadth ; they ore only piles of rock covered with low brushwiHNl and a few small trees : the westcmly one is tlie station of the tele* graph No. 13. Pillbs, v. St. Maubiob, b. Pins, aux, river, rises in Lake Cutiatendi, in the mountains of Fausembault, near the S. of St. Ghtbriel, and taking a 8. course empties itself into Lake Ontarietsi or St. Joseph. The average breadth of this small river is about one perch and its course ii leagues. PiscAMiNBAU, river, runs into the b. Mata- pediac; it turns a saw-mill, and the adjacent country affords immense quantities of pine, which can be floated down to the mills with facility for many miles in the interior of the country. PiBNAY, river, runs b. w. into the b. St. Mau- rice between the rivers Kisikan and Juglers. Pibbaoutiohb, river, runs into the Saguenay and is an inconsiderable stream resembling the B. St. Charles near Quebec. Plantr, la, river. Ruisseau la Plante tra- verses the S. of St. Ours b. w. and runs into the Richelieu. Pocatairb, Pooadikbe, or Pocatirrb, v. Stb. Anne, S. in the co. of Kamouraska. Points aux Boulbaux, v. Saouenay, r. Points aux Tbehbles, v. Montreal. Points aux Tremblbb, v. Neuville, S. Points aux Vachbb, on the n. shore of the St. Lawrence, between the rivers Saguenay and Bergeronne : this is the only spot where persons might at present be induced to settle. It derives its name from the walrus, an animal once common in the Saguenay country. PoiNTE Clairb, v. Montreal. Points du Cuene (R.), v. Uu Cuenb. Points du Lac (S.), v. Tonnancour. Pointe Levi, v. Lauzon, S. Point St. Pktbr, fief, in the co. of Gaspe, juts out from the main land and separates Gaspe Buy from Mai Buy. Population Slatitlici. 148 I KecUbosU Hi .liinual Agricultural Produce. Iluihelt. I Uuihtli. I UuilitU. Wheat OU Oats WWO I'otaliMH . UO IJic SliH-k. Horses Oxen 3 1 Cowi IH I Sheep W I Swine 63 PoMUBs, aux, river, in the S. of Neuville, niiin a beautiful and meandering course, and is lower down the 8. than the R. Jacques (Jartier. P O R P0N8ONBV, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, bounded B. bv Harrington ; w. bjr Rip- pon ; in front by La Petite Nation ; in the rear by Amherst. Portage, du, river, descends from the parish of St. Constant, in the S. of Sault St. Louis, where it takes the name of Rividre de St. Pierre, and runs before the church of that parish. It dis- charges itself into the St. Lawrence in the C6te Ste. Catherine, 5 miles from the village of La- prairie. The Riviere du Portage is partly dry in summer and never navigable. Portage, du, river, one of the early tributi^ rics of the R. Batiscon. Port Daniel, sefgniory, in the co. of Gaspe, lies a little w. of Pabos, in the Bay of Chalcurs. — Sj- leagues in front, beginning half n league B. of the cape formed by one of the sides of a bay called Port Daniel and extending westward, by one league in depth. Granted, Dec. 12, 1696, to Sieur Rene d'Eneau. — The bay forms a snug inlet. Tille. — "Concession du 13ine D^mbrc, IGOff, fuite par tA>uu tie Buade, (iuuvtriiviir, et Jean Bochart, Intcndant, au Sieur Rtne d'Eneau, de trois lieura et demie de terrc de front, au lieu dit Ic Port Daniel, dans la Bait dei C/ia. leurt, Ic dit front k commenirr denii Ucue a TExt du can qui fait un deo cot^ii de I'Ancc du dit Port Daniel, A eontl- nucr lc8 diti's troiH lieues et demie i I'Oueat, aur une lieue de prufondeur; avcc lea niisieaux, rivieres et rtanga, si aucuns se trouvent dans la dite ^tendue."— /{r^ittrc d'In- teHdancc, JVo. i, folio i^ Port Joli, river, rises near the rear line of St. Roch des Annais, and running n. w. traverses the S. of Rcaumc, and through the S. of St. Jean Port Joli it reaches the St. Lawrence. Portland, township, in the co. of Ottawa, and in the rear of Tcmpleton and Buckingham. The eastern quarter was surveyed and suklividcd in 1805. It is watered by the River Blanche, and is reported to be mountainous and rocky, but perhaps a more accurate survey would lead to a more fnvourable report. PoRTNKur, barony, in the co, of Portneuf, is hounded n.e. by the S. of Jacques Carticr; b. w. by DcKchambault ; in the rear by Fiirthuis ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — 1 j league in breadth by 3 in depth. Granted, April 16th, 1647, to Sieur de Croisille ; it now belongs to the convent of the II/itel-Dicu at Quebec, but is let un a long lease to Messrs. Cdtmnn and Co.— This is a fine and valuable estate, the land fertile, and the put under P O R tillage in a good state of cultivation : the soil is a light sandy earth mixed with clay, and in many places a good black mould upon a bed of clay. — The timber in the rear is a mixture of the middling sortti, but along the banks of the River Portneuf some very good pine may be collected. This river and several small streams water the property. At a small distance up the r. Portneuf, on the w. side, arc the valuable com and saw mills of Ed- ward Hale, Esq., most conveniently and agreeably seated near the main road, whence the ground rises almost in the form of an amphitheatre ; on the gentle acclivities arc several fine settlements and many good houses, which greatly enliven a prospect naturally bcautiAiI. From the mills the exportation of flour is very great, and, with the almost constant shipments of timber, create a bustling scene of business. So much trade in these articles is here carried on by the proprietors, that almost a small fleet of vessels is sometimes seen lying at anchor off the mouth of the R. re- ceiving their freights on board, besides those that usually anchor here in their passage up or down the river, on account of the Richelieu rapid. Pro- ceeding eastward from the mills, the bank of the St. Lawrence takes a gradual rise as far as the church at Cap Sant^-, and thence it almost imme- diately rises to more than 150 feet above the level of the river by a very steep ascent up what is called the CAte du Cap Sante. From the front to the rear of this tract there are many rising grounds, generally of a very good soil, between which the hollows are in tome places swampy and covered with cedar and hemlock. The lands within I of a league of the River Ste. Anne are remarkably fine, and considered by Edward Hale, Esq., to be superior to any of the old conceded lands in the Ixmmy.— The Parish of Cap Sanli' comprehends tlie S. of Portneuf, the S. of D'Au- teuil, and parts of Jacques Cartier and Neuville. In this purish are 6 ranges of concessions in dif- ferent directions. With the exception of Ansc de Portneuf, the land of which is excellent, the soil of this parish is of indifferent quality. The roads are in general good. Horses chiefly ure used in agriculture. There ore 3 schools, 3 public and 1 private, each having from 30 to 30 children. — > The small Villagr 0/ Cap Sant^ is built at the foot of a hill on the shore of the St. Lawrence ; it containsahout35 houses, and the church, standing nearly on the point of the cape, is a handsome !/•! v> i; \h ' r P O R building, uauallf attracting a stranger's notice by its exterior ornaments as well as interior decora- tion. To vessels coming down the river the clump of trees on Point Deschambault and this church serve as sailing-marks ; the latter, by its three spires, is distinguishable at a great distance. Near the church is the parsonage-house and a group of other houses surrounding it, forming almost a tolerably- sised village. Along each side of the Quebec rood the houses are numerous, and being sur- rounded by neat gardens and extensive orchards afford, particularly during the spring, a most en- chanting appearance. — In this parish there is no want of young persons who would be proper for making new settlements, but some have not the means and others have not the inclination. To facilitate the settlement of the ungrunted lands, through which there is no road, it would be re- quisite for the seigniors to give as many facilities as possible for the new settlements, and that roads should be opened in the new concessions; and, moreover, the lands should be conceded according to ancient usage, paying a moderate seignorial rent. — From Cap Santti the large shoal called Batture du Cap SaulS stretches almost down to the entrance of Jacques Cartier River; it is thickly beset with rocks that are uncovered at low water. Population 8,829 Churches, R.C. I Cur^s . . I PresbvterieR . I SchooU . . 3 Slatistics. Vilkigeg . • Corn-mills . Saw.milU . Just, of peace Shopkeeper* Tavenm Artisan!) River-craft Tonnage Keel-boats 10 18 IB I Annual /igricullural Produce. Wheat OaU Horses Oxen BuahcU. 10,IU9 2,000 BuihcU. Barley . -im PoUtoes 2d,lUU Peas Hvt Stock. 1,080 1 Cows m) I Sheep 8,040 1 Swine 5, 100 1 Butheli. . 0,000 1,600 Title.—" Concesf.on Hu I6me Avril, 16+7, fnite par la Compafpne au Sieiir rfr CroitUIr, nituie au boni du Heuve St. taHreiil, du ci'itt' du Nord, roiiKiiaiit unc lieue et demie dp front our trois liriieK de profondeur ; |p I'ront joignant au Nord-Ust au Het de Monceau, et du c Rye . 4,500 Uuck wheat 4,000 Indian corn 2,730 Buiheli. Mixt-d (frain 3,150 Maple suKar, cwts. 1,053 Hay, tons 42,205 Live Stock. Horse* . 5,010 Oxen . 5,354 Cows . 11,425 Sheep . 23,031 Swine . 7,373 PoBTNEUF and Millbb Vachbs, in the co. of Saguenay, lie 10 leagues below Tadoussac. These two contiguous seigniories front the St. Lawrence, and form together 6 leagues in front by 4 in depth. The S. of Portneuf belongs to the heirs of Messrs. Dunn, Stuart and Blackwood. — In both these seigniories the lands are excellent ; and hay might be cut in Milles Vaches for at least 1,000 heads of cattle, which would be very advantageous to settlers as fodder, particularly at tlieir first commencement: the land, in fact, is cl'>i -* naturally all around the bay and the tim- good growth, consisting of white pine .->., . .ae. The country on the east side of the bay is level for a considerable distance, at least 9 leagues, and there is a stream of water in the bottom of the bay that will admit of building a mill of 6 saws and also a corn-mill. The bay is very accessible to small craft. Portneuf Post has an excellent harbour, but it is only to be entered at high water by small craft. The soil is as good as that of Alilles Vaches, but it is on higher ground and the timber inferior. There is a river running close by the house forming the harbour, and it is sheltered to the southward by a high bank of sand which is not covered at high water. The small settlement at Portneuf consists of a church, 70 feet by 30, a wood-built chapel, the agent's house, stores, &c. and 2 or 3 other habita- tions. Its aspect from the r. is extremely pleasing in bright weather its contrasted with the deserted state of the adjacent luuntry. Potatoes and oats are the chief prochicts of the land ; wheat, on account of the coldness of the climate, will not arrive at perfection. PoRTNBUF, river, rises in a small lake in the POT S. of Fauaembault, and passing through Bourg. Louis, NeuviUe, the aug. to Belair, and Jacques Cartier, falls into the St. Lawrence near the s. w. comer of the S. of Portneuf. This river is not navigable for either boats or canoes. The banks on each side are high and very well wooded ; its stream is precipitated through so many rapids and along a broken rocky bed with such violence as to render it impassable for any sort of boat, how- ever light. At the mouth of this river the land, for a short space, is low, and extremely well cul- tivated on each side ; and schooners or river-craft ascend as far as the main road. Pot a(] Brurrk, river. There are 3 of this name in the S. of Sorel and all fall into the 8. shore of Yamaska Bay. Pot au Beurrb, river, in the Island of Or- leans, rises about the centre of the island, and runs into the north channel of the St. Law- rence. PoTTON, township, in the co. of Stanstead, joins the eastern boundary of Sutton, and extends along the province line as far as Lake Memphra- magog. Though the surface is mostly hilly and un- even and the land in general indifferent, there are good situations for raising all sorts of grain, as well as most other productions. — Watered by the river Missiskoui.and a great number of tributary streams running from the hills in almost every direction, and by many others that fall into the lake. — The timber consists of elm, beech and maple, with all the common sorts. — There are some thriving set- tlements on the banks of the R. Missiskoui and the margin of the lake, where the land is par- ticularly good. In this t. bog and mountain iron ores are found. A few roads lead into the neigh- bouring townships, but they arc not very good. Population Corn-mills CurdiiiK-inills KuUing-inillK Saw-mills Slatitlics. 804 1 Tanneries . Potteries Potanheries Pi-urlasheries Urvwerieit nistillprie B. angle of the township, thence N. along the M. B. boundary or lateral line of that township to its depth, and thence by the prolongation of the said line a. w. by the county of Portneuf ; n. w. by the northern boundary of the province ; and 8. B. by the river St. Lawrence. — It comprises the seigniories of Beauport, Notre Dame des Anges, D'Orsttinville, Lepinay, Fief St. Ignace, Fief Hu- bert, the seigniories of Sillery and St. Oabriel, the townships of Stoneham and Tewkesbury, the parishes of Beauport, Charlesbourg, St. Am- broise, Jeune Lorette, part of Ancienne Lorette and Ste. Foi, and the parish, city and suburbs of Quebec, and all other parishes in the whole or in part comprehended within the above-described limits. — Its breadth in front is Ilf miles, in the rear 100, and its depth is about 240, containing about 13,200 sq. miles. Its southern extremity is in latitude 4&> A& 30" n., longitude 71° 18' w. Although its surface is mountainous and broken and traversed by several ridges of high land, yet many parts are fit for cultivation, and large patches of rich natural meadows are found on the borders of the numerous rivers, streams and lakes, which most abundantly water the co The chief rivers are the St. Charles, Jacques Cartier, Ste. Anne, Batiscan, Bastonais, Schecoubish and a part of the Montmorenci, with their various branches. The principal lakes are called Commissioners, Kajoualwang, Bouchette, Quaquagnmack, Sche- coubish, Assuapmoussoin, St. Charles: there are also many others not distinguished by names. The scenery about several of these lakes is beau- tiful and picturesque. — This co., in population, ranks the 2nd in the province and comprehends within its limits the City of Quebec, the capital of Lower Canada, from which it takes its name. It contains a population of about 36,000 souls, 28,000 of whom may be said to compose the City and Banlieus of Quebec. It is singular that this dense population is contained in a space not ex- ceeding 180 square miles, and of the cultivated parts only 160. Beyond Lake St. Charles (noted for its beautiful scenery and as a place of recrea- tion and resort for the inhabitants of the city\ there are only a few scattered settlements. The great valley of the St. Charles and the Canar- diere present a most luxuriant field of culti- vated lands and meadows, and thence to the n. w. the land rises gradually presenting a well settled and cultivated country with villages, which at- tract notice and are relieved by a handsome back- ground presented by the Charlesbourg Mountains and the more distant heights. From Dorchester Bridge over the St. Charles to Montmorenci, is seen a thick range of settlements and well culti- vated farms, several gentlemen's country-seats, neat and handsomely constructed: on one side of the road are seen the village and settlements of Beauport and the celebrated falls of Mont- morenci, adding to the highly interesting pano- ramic view of the Basin of Quebec; the villages of Charlesbourg and Jeune Lorette tend to en- hance the beauty of the scenery, whether viewed from the Basin or the City of Quebec. — This co. sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the place of election is at Charlesbourg, Population 30,95^1 ('liiireheK, Pro. 3 Wesleyan chB]). I Churches, K.C. 11 Curfi Preabyteries Convents . ('ollcges Schools Court-houses Gaols Slalistict. Towns Villages Corn-mills . Saw-mills . Carding-mills Fulling-mills Tanneries Hat-munufact. Potteries Breweries Distilleries Ship-yards Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans I Kiver-rrail I Tonnage 1 3 7 15 4 3 1 2 4 1 Keel-bouts I . 2 . 7 31 US 2l(i 170 Mt . M Annual Agricullural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley , Potatoes Horses Oxen Buiheli. 69,214 152,615 14,240 331,627 BuiheU. Peas , 25,775 Rye 4,851 Buck-wheat 2,45U Indiuncurn 3,I9M Diiihrli. Mixed grain 2,465 Maple Kugar, cwts, '{t>4 Uay, tons 34,ft»H Live Stock. 4,941 1 Cows 3,291 1 Sheep 7,513 1 Swine 19,7U0| .'i,27« QuBBRcCiTY. For description, t^i'rfe vol. i.pSMK It may, however, be stated here that Quebec is the capital not only of the province of Lower Canada, but of the whole of the British dominions in North America, and as such it is the place of re- sidence for the governor in chief and commander of the forces in those colonies. Its natural po- sition, strongly fortified by regular works, rcndi rs v ! i h n\''-i RAM it almost impregnable ; and its citadel is not un- usually mentioned as a parallel in strength with the fortress of Gibraltar. The population of the city now exceeds 30,000 souls ; but the following tabular exhibit will best show its statistics as taken in the year 1825. Quebec is also the most important seaport of British America, except- ing, probably, Halifax. Its harbour, situated up- wards of 400 miles from the sea, in the gulf, is perfectly safe and calculated to receive the largest RAN fleet. The average of British shipping seen an- nually in port exceeds 500 sail, and indeed more than 600 sea-going vessek have been known to be entered inwards in the course of one year. There are an archdeacon and curate for the church of England and one curate for that of Scotland. Among the number of convents one only is a nunnery-school, in the lower town. In the total number of schools as stated in the table the prin* cipal only are included. Statiitks, 1825 • Cityofguelicc. j I W •1 1 i I 1 i s 1 t i II 1 1 1 1 1 Upper Town 1710, to Sieur de Ramiay, and now belongs to Alartigny, junior, esq. — There are 4 concessions running from s. w. to n. b. which h: 'e the usual parallel roads, besides which., two ro .s extend from N. w. to 8. B. Population 386 Churches, Pro. 1 Curates . 1 Statistic^ Corn-mills . I Saw-mills . I Medical men Notaries Taverns Artisans Title.—** Concession du 17me Octobre, 1710, faite au Sieur de Ramzay, de 1' ^tendue de trois lieues dc terre de front sur troisi lieues de profondeur, savoir, une lieue et demie audessous de la riviere Scibouet, qui tombe dans la riviere Vamaika, et ime lieue et demie au dessus, counnt du Nord-est au Sud-ouest. avec les isles et islets qui se trouverout dans la dite rivifre, vis-i-vis de la dite con- cession : et donnant \ la dite concession le nom de Ham- say."—Rigiitre det Foi et Hommage, No. 96, folio 68, I* 8me Janvier, Yt^l.—Cahiert d'Intendance, No. 2 a 9, folio 858. Rahzay, Louibb db, in the county of Riche- lieu, is a small piece of land, about 1^ league superficial, lying in the rear of the S. of Sorel and between those of St. Ours, Bourchemin, and Bonsecours. Granted, June 18, 1739, to the De- moiselles Angelique, Louise, and Elisabeth de Ramzay. Randin, fief, in the S. of Berthier, in the oo. of Berthier, extends from Antaya or Dorvillier fief, one league in front of the seigniory by half I i. a 4. 221 RAW a league in depth. Onmted, Nov. 3, 1672, to Sieur RancUn. This giut includes Itle Rundin, which lies opposite to it, and it seems, by the title, to have been increased by a grant made, Apr. 27, 1674, to Sieur Berthier, which is half a league in front by one league in depth and lies adjoining the rear of the original grant. TUIe,—*' Concetrion (kite au Sieur Randin, le 3me Novembre, 1672, par Jean Talon, Intendant, d'une lieue de front aur In fleuve St. Laurent, aur une demi lieue de profondeur, k prendre depuis le Sieur de Comporti, jus. qu'auz terres non^conctd^; avcc I'isl? noinm^e de son nom de Bandin — N. B. Dans le H^gistre du Secretariat le mot une a M sustitui i la place du mot demi qui a M Ta.y6."—IUgutre d^Intendanee, No. I, folio 21. AttgmetUation.—" Concession fiute au Sieur Berthier, le 27me Avril, 1674, d'une demi lieue de terre de front aur une lieue de profondeur, 4 prendre derriere et joignant la concession du Sipur Bandin, du 3me Novembre, 1672." — Rigiitre dee Foi et Hommage, folio 3S, le 2time Janvier, 1781. Rapiob, du, river, in the S. of Monnoir, joins the Ruisseau Barre and runs into the B. des Hurons. Raqubttb, a la, river, rises in the b. side of the S. of Rigaud, and, after making a short dilour into the S. of Vaudreuil, returns through the fief Choisy; and, passing through NouvelleLotbiniere at the N. B. angle of Rigaud, falls into the Lake of Two MountainSk This stream is not navigable. R&TS, aux, or Rat River, falls into the w. side of the St. Maurice about 81 miles above Three Rivers. It is a broad stream, between which and the Little Rat River, on an alluvial flat formed by those rivers at the foot of the high mountains, is situated a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany ; it consists of a store, two dwelling-houses and a very good garden which furnishes the Post with the necessary vegetables: a dwelling-house is building for the resident agent. Rawdon, township, in the co. of L'Assomption, is bounded n. b. by Kildure ; a. w. by Kilkenny ; in the rear by waste lands ; in front by the seig- niories of St. Sulpice and L'Assomption. It is singular that, notwithstanding the limits uetween these seigniories and Rawdon have been established and marked in the field by actual survey, the seignior of L'Assomption has considerably en- croached upon the first range of Rawdon, where he has placed censitaires under seignorial titles : these encroachments extend to the crown and clergy reservations in that range, as well as to the RAW tnct granted under letters patent to the Bru- v^res. — This t. has been divided into II ranges, and each range into 28 lots of 200 acres. The new system of laying out the crown and clergy reserves in blocks has been extended to this t., except in the first range and a part of the second, which were previously granted under patent and the reserves appropriated. The face of this town- ship is uneven, and in many parts mountainous, from the 4th range northward. The soil gene- rally is fit for the cultivation of grain, and in various places for the growth of hemp and flax. The population is chiefly composed of emigrants from Ireland, and the settlements are in a state of tolerable advancement. The inhabitants derive mudi advantage from Mr. DugaS's excellent com and saw-mills in lot 24 in the first range, whence the road winds into and traverses the interior of the township up to the 7th range. From the Manchester mills one mile s. of Dugas's mills, the road leading to Kildare is circuitous and to the emigrant settlement 20 miles long, while, by traversing that township and part of Rawdon, the distance is about 8 miles, of which one-third is a footpath Few townships are so well wa- tered as this, which has no less than 4 rivers besides smaller streams. The rivers ore the Oua- reau, the Rouge, the Blanche, and a branch of the St. Esprit. In all these rivers there is good trout-fishing, but they are so obstructed by falls and rapids that they are not navigable for craft of any kind. The lakes are as numerous as the streams, and vast quantities of trout arc taken in them by Canadians from St. Jacques and St. Esprit during the winter, and some of them weigh upwards of 20 lbs. each. Every river is crossed by one or more bridges, all free from toll: the largest, over the Ouarcau, cost 9*. 6rf. on every 100 acres. There are 5 bridges in all, which were built by the settlers. There is a strong chalybeate spring in the N. e. side of the 4th range near the R. Blanche, which is resorted to for almost all kinds of disease ; there is also a spring of a different kind near the Ouarcau bridge on the property of Mr. Jefieries, being u cure for bowel complaints. — On the uplands, the greater part of the timber is maple, beech and birch ; in the lower parts, cedar and spruce fir abound. — The Grand Voyer has laid out several roads from the front to the rear of the township. . i I t * /' '/' il t . 1 H M i^ !ii' % R E A all of which are at present passable for carts; the line roads are likewise cleared of timber, but from the nature of the country it will take some time before they are all made passable. A road is opened from this t. to Berthier, through the Grand Rousseau Kildare : it passes through the second range to lot 24 ; thence through the same number of the first range to the parish of St. Jacques: from the level nature of the country through which this road leads, and the advantage it gives to persons travelling to the west, there is no doubt of its soon becoming a general road to the Ottawa section of Upper Canada : persons going to that quarter will at least save 30 to 40 miles by it, and the country through which it passes is as thickly inhabited as any other part of Lower Canada. — Considerable quantities of maple sugar are produced in this T. and flax has been culti- vated with some success. The neat cattle are, generally, of the small Canadian breed. Agri- cultural wages, without board, 2«. fid. per day. There are several com and saw-mills, at intervals of one and two leagues, on the road to the Emi- grant Settlement in Kildare. — Lead ore is found in the 3rd range. — In this t. is one public school, and a village has been laid out. The best mode of efiecting connected settlements in this t. would be the establishment of settlers on the borders of the river Lac Ouareau, which presents many advan- tages; viz. the excellent quality of the soil; many natural meadows which are of primary necessity in new settlements ; the navigation between its falls, which is perfectly suitable for boats of the largest dimensions ; and the vicinity of Manchester Rond, which is practicable for carts and waggons. Lots, 100 acres each, should be laid out fronting the river and proper allowances made for its sinuosities. — The principal proprietors are Dr. Selby, Rev. J. E. Burton, and Mr. John Jefferies. — Ungranled and unlocated, 10,400 acres. Statistics. Population Corn-mills 860 3 Saw-mills Potasheries Ray, la, a little river crossing the road to Charlesbourg from Quebec. In 1829 a new bridge was built over this stream and cost 273/. I6s. 3d. currency, of which sum 20/. was raised by sub- scription and 40/. received from the magistrates. Rkaume, fief, in the co. of L'Islet, is a small RIO strip of land between St. Jean Port Joli and St. Roch des Aulnais. — Half a league broad by two leagues deep. Granted, March 16th, 1677> to Demoiselle de Lacombe. — The soil and timber are similar to those of St. Jean Port Joli, and about one-third of the fief is well cultivated and thickly inhabited. A few trifling rivulets supply a very scanty irrigation. The main road crosses it, besides which there are some concession roads. 7"ilh. — "Coneemon du 16me Man, 16T7, faite par Jncquei Diiclietneau, Intendant, ii Demoiselle de Lacombe, d'une demi lieue de teire de front le long du fleuve St. Laurent, a prendre depuis celles qui appartiennent au Sieur de St. Denii, son pere, en remontant le dit fleuve, avKc deux lieues de profondeur."— /iiriniia«o)u du ConuU Supirieur, Ultre B, folio 16. Rbcollbtb, au:^ a village in the Island of Montreal. Red Cabp (R.), v. Abhratsi, l. Rkd Riveb, runs into Commissioners Lake n. of Blueberry Hills. Reuib, river, in Cote de Bcaupre, runs through the concessions St. Jerome and St. Lazare. It turns several mills in its way to the B. du Goufire. Repentiont, v. L'Assomption, S. Ribbon River, runs into the b. St. Maurice. Richard Rioux, seigniory, in the co. of Ri- mouski, is bounded n. b. by Bic ; s. w. by Trois Pistoles; in front by the St. Lawrence; in the rear by waste lands. — 3 leagues in front by 4 in depth. Granted, Apr. 6, 17^1, to Sieur Nicholas Rioux. The great north-eastemly ridge here ranges so close to the St. Lawrence as to leave only a narrow slip between it and the shore. This space possesses a moderately good soil, upon which there are a few settlements under a respectable state of husbandry ; there are also several patches of good land more in the interior, lying in the hollows between the ridges. Close by the river side is a very good road. This S. is very scantily watered, but very well covered with timber of various kinds and good growth. — Rimouski or Kine Leagues Portage was so called from its being but par- tially settled, and the rugged aspect of the rocky ridge to the north and south of it, which forms a valley whose breadth at its western entrance may be nearly 2 miles and at its eastern extremity not more than about 3 furlongs. It is 27 miles in length and runs over the bold and broken moun- tains of Bic, where it is excessively hilly, the view presenting few other objects besides abrupt clifTs '■\'i 11 ■' R I C and craggy hQk, well calculated to inspire awe but not pleasure. Slatistict. Population 100 Annual Agricultural Produce. Vfheat Oats Horses Oxen Buiheli. I . 3, 1 )») I Barley 07 I rotatocs Buthcli. I Buiheli. i>2A Peas . ^TT? 410 ! Mixed grain 299 Live Slorlt. 29|Co\v« 30 1 Sheep 53 1 Swine II8I 67 Title " Concession dii 6me Avril, I7jl, faitc par le Marquis de la Jnnqnifrc. (lOuvcmeiir, et F raiif oi$ iiigi't, Intendant, au Sicur Xidinltit Rioux, dii tcrrein (|tii se troiive nnn-conc£d£ entre la Seiffneurie de Troii Pittolkt et les terres appartenantes aux representans de feu Mr. de Lacheiiaie, ce qui peut faire environ trois lieues de front sur quatre lieues de profondcur, avee les isles, islets et batturps qui se trouvent au devant du dit tcrrein." — M- giftre d' I iitendance, JVo. 9,/o/(o81. RiCHE, river. The Bras Riche is in Bonse- bours, in the co. of L'Islet. Richelieu, county, in the district of Mont- real, is bounded by the n. e. line of the St. of Contrecceur as far as the r. Richelieu orChambly, thence by that river to the 8. w. line of the S. of St. Charles, thence by that s. w. line as far as the line of the depth of that seigniory, thence by the said depth line as far as the n. e. line of the said S. of St. Charles, thence by the said n. e. line as far as the depth line of the S. of St. Denis, thence by the said depth line as far us the line between the seigniories of St. Hyacinthe und St. Ours, thence by the aforesaid line as far as the river Yamaska, thence by that river as far as the place where the continuation of the rear line of the S. of St. Charles d' Yamaska would terminate at the said river, thence by the said depth line as far as the n. e. line of the said S. of St. Charles, thence by the said n. e. line of St. Charles as far as the river Yamaska, thence by part of that river which is between the said n. e. line of St. Charles and the N. e. line of the S. of Bonsecnurs, thence by the said n. e. line of the S. of Bonsecours as far as the Baie de la \'^allirre, thence by a line through the middle of the said bay as far as its outlet into the river St. Lawrence, and thence up that river as far as the n.e. line of the S. of Con- trecceur. — It comprehends the seigniories of St. Ours and its augmentation, St. Denis, St. Charles on the river Richelieu, Sorel, Bourchcmin and Bourgmarie west of the river Yamaska, and R I C Bonsecours and St. Charles on the same river ; comprehending also the following isles in the St. Lawrence, vis. Cochon, Madame, Ronde, De Grace, Aux Ours, the isles commonly called Bat- tures i) la Carpe, also isles du Sable, du Moine, and du Basque, and also the isles in the R. Richelieu or Chambly nearest the county, and lieing in the whole or in part fronting it. — Its extreme length is 25 miles and its breadth 20, containing 367 square miles. Its centre is in lat. 45" SO* 15" n., long. 72° 58' w. It sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the place of election is at St. Ours. The principal rivers are the Ya- maska and the Richelieu. — The surface of this county is invariably level and the soil in many parts is of an inferior quality. The timber is very abundant, but little can be said of its su- periority. The roads, which are very numerous, are principally along the borders of the rivers, and concession-roads also communicate with the adjoining seigniories. Along these roads are dis- persed numerous well cultivated farms, and dwell- ing-houses, which are generally neat and com- modious. Within the limits of this county are five parishes and the borough of William Henry; the principal parish is that of St. Ours which has a handsome village. Population 16,967 Cliurehcs, Pro. I Parsonage-bouse 1 '■ Churches, R. C. 5 ('ur^s Presbyteries Schools Villager Court-houses Gaols Statistics. Com-mills Saw-mills . Cardiiig-mills Fidliiig-millg Tanneries . Hat-manufact. Potteries Potasheriijs Pearlashcries Just, of peace Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans River-craft . Tonnage Keel-bKoats . 7 6 27 22 JS 3 50 4 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley BuihcU. 92,;j00 KJ,4.19 4,341 Potatoes 1 06,790 Buiheli. Peas . 24,600 Rye . 5,490 Buck-wheat 3,000 Ind. corn 3,2G0 Buiheli. Mixed gniin 5,800 Maple sugar, cwts. 554 Hay, tons 43,200 Live Stock. Horses Oxen 5,3631 Cows 4^521 1 Sheep 9,7.% I Swine 34^410 1 7,899 RicBELiEU, river, also called Chamblif, St. Louis, and St. John, rises in the United States and enters the province between the seigniories of La CoUe and Foucault, and descending to the St. Lawrence divides the counties of Acadie, Chambly and V^crchcres from those of Rouville I I 1 1 ■' 1 ■ ! I .' RICHELIEU. and Richelieu, where it falls into the St. Law- rence at the town of William Henry in the '' the S, .ne/ile, ash, eb:, ind poplar, with ?*.«>..■ white oak and white v."e. — • 'n Rigaid Movnlain, supposed to be :'.bout'<00ftr high, isti singular col- lection of slrnes and rocks. •^jntTaUy called by the inhabitants La P't^.ce //'•*• Guereis, from its re- semblance to ploughed land ; its extent is about 12 acres by ti. The stones are no. similar in quality to she rocJ; , ..A are heaped tocrether without the ieast aduiixlurc of earth. — T'lC rocd from the village of Rigaud over the mountain to C6te double de la Madeleine, is exvremely rough and bad; after which for about 2 leagues it is tolerably good and level ; it then brunchrs oilf into the T, of Newton. — The traverse, or ferry, frjm St. A..i: c'^'s, in Argnntcui!, i% one league above the v»2'i.ip" of R'^iiud. — Rigaud Parish is of late erection, and is already very extensive, but capable ot" gre-.\t augmentation ; it extends to Schniders, "* ' league in thu S. of Vaudreuil. It contains ii ouses bui. c of stone. The village consists of 17 houses, a church and a spacious presbytery. The men are chiefly voyageurs, active, resolute and enterprising : those who follow agricultural pur- suits are comparatively few. One-third of the produce of the S. is consumed by the inhabitants, the other parts are sold. I e2 \ if) 'f 1' ; .; t 'Kl [V *i'] ■'ir ■ * 1 Population 3,881 Churchei, R.C. 1 Currg . I Presbyteriei . 1 ViUages . . I R I M Statiitict. Com-mills . Saw-millt Potasbvries . Pearlaiiherie* Just, of iHwce Medical men . 1 Sboplceepera 5 Taverns . . 11 Artiung . . 87 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buiheli. Wheat . 10,400 UaU . 0,600 Buiheli. I Barley . 8,000 j Peas Potatoes 90,000 1 Live Slock. Horses . . 532 [Cows . . 1,0(14 1 Swine Oxen 1,0641 Sheep 8,188 1 Buihcli. . 0,500 1,330 Tille. — "Concession du 8»me Octobre, 1738, faite par Charlei, MarquU de Beauharnoi; Uoiivemeur, et GUlet Ilocquart, liitendant, aux Sieurs de Cnvagnal et Higaud, frOres, d'un tenein le long du fleuve apjivl^ Ln Grunde Riviere, en tirant vers Ic Long-tault, de trois lieues de front sur trois lieues de profondeur, avec les isles, islets et battures adjarentes : Ic dit tcrrein, joignant la Seigneurie qui leur est /M;hue par surrossion do fl;u le Marquis de Vaiidreuil, siture au lieu dit La Pointe aux Tourtcs." — M- giilre d'lnlendance, No. 7, folio !i. RiMODBKi, county, in the district of Quebec, is bounded e. by the inferior district of Gusp^; S. by the b. w. boundary line of the seigniory of Rivic-re du Loup prolonged to the s. bounds of the province ; n. w. by the Saint Lawrence, in- cluding all the islands in that river in front of the county and in whole or in part nearest it. This co. comprises the seigniories of Rivivre du Loup, Isle Verte, d'Artigny, Trois Pistoles, Rioux des Trois Pistoles, Bic, Rimouski, Burnab(>, Lepage, Ti- viergc, Mitis, and Afatune, and all other sei- gniories and lands comprised within the above limits. — Its extreme length is 152 miles, and its breadth 110, containing [],KH} square miles. Its lat. at the n. w. angle of the co. of Bonaventure is 48" 1' N., long. 67" .11' 3a' w. It sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the places of electirm are at Rimouski and Isle Verte. The principal rivers are the iNIatupediac, the Ma- dawaska and the Kt. John. There are numerous lakes, the chief of which are the Temiscouata, Matapcdiac, Long Lake, and Eagle Lakes. The genenil character of this co. is mountainous and abrupt, being traversed by a succession of moun- tains, rising grounds and rocky ridges, notwith- standing which the soil is, in many parts, tolerably good and productive. The prevailing timber is maple, l)eech, birch and pine.—This co. contains the great Temiscouata Communication and that from Mills to the Hiver Ristigouchc, ciklled the Kempt Road Communication. The roads na- chiefly in front along the borders of the 8t. Law- R I M rence, which are but partially settled: this county contains five parishes. Population 7,935 Churches, R.C. 6 Cur^g . 3 Presbyteries 6 Schoolg . I Villages . 4 Stalistict. Com-mills . Saw-millg . Ship.yards . Just, of peace Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisang River>craft . Tonnage Keel-boats . 6 87 9 313 41 Annual Agricultural Produce, Butheli. Wheat . ;i4,.588 Oats . 14,44)0 Barley . 10,79.'^ Poutoeg 19,4(iO Busheli. Peas . 6,07.J Kye . 0,110 Buck-wheat 1,000 Indian com 60 Butheli. 15,864 Mixed gr. ._, Aflaple tiugar, cwts. 786 Hay, tons 16,457 Horses Oxen Live Stock. 8,601 1 Cows . 4,655 Swine 8,098! Sheep . 18,187| 3,751 Rimouski, river, rises in two considerable branches descending from the waste lands in the rear of the S. of Rimouski and St. Barnab6. It runs through Ilimouski, and falls into the St. Lawrence in Fief Pachot. — Navigable for small craft as far .;s Mr. Trudel's ; and at its mouth, which is 30 arpents wide, it can carry vessels of 80 to 100 tons, and craft of 30 and 40 daily go in and out. RiHouBKi, seigniory, in the co. of Rimouski, is bounded N. e. by St. Baniabe; s. w. by Bic; in the rear by waste lands ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — 2 leagues in front by 2 in depth. Granted, April 24, 1 (>88, to Sieur de la CordonicTe. — The settlements, well dispersed, arc clTectually sheltered from n. winds by the extensive island St. Barnabt', which is in front, opposite the k. Rimouski, and is included in the grant of this seigniory. — There are 8 fisheries in this S. — The salt marshes extend from the church to Pointe aux Peres, where many of the farmers manure their potatoe-fields with sea-weed. Population 8.(HM Churi'hesH.C. I Curt'K . . . 1 Prrkbyteries . I Slatidlics. Corn-mills . iSavv-niilU . Nutarica Shopkeepers . I Taverns I Artisang 1 10 1 Wheat Oat* Barley Homes Oien Annual Agricultural Produce, Buahtli. Buihfli. 410 PotatucK , 100 . 80 I Van . 9.j , . 80 Hye . ;ioo Maple sugar, cwtc 619 /Jit Slock. 31,'j)Cow» . I.OMOlSwine 4001 Sheep . I,5MI 605 1(11:, t, R I S Title.— *^ ConecMion du 34nie ATril. 1688, fiute par Jwque$ HhU it BHMy, Oouverneur, au Sieur de la Car- ionlire, d'une ttendue de deux lieue* de trrre, pr^i et boii, de front, lur le fleuve SU Laurent ; k prendre joignuit ct attenant la conceiBion du Hie, appartenant au Sirur de VUri, en descendant le dit fleuve. et de deux lieues de pro> fondeurdaniiles terre«, ensemble la riviere ditede Rimimtki et autres riviirei et ruioiieaux, si aucuns se truuvent dang la dite ^tendue, avec I'lile de .SY. Barnabi et Ie« batturea, iRlea et isleti qui oe pourront rencontrer entre lea dites terres et la ditu isle." — Rigittrt d'lnleitdance, No. 2, U, Jblio 2i. RippoN, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded N. b. by Ponsrnby ; b. and 8. B. by La Petite Nation; s. by Lochaber; w. by Derry ; n. and n. w. by waste lands. RisBOROUOH, a projected township in the co. of Beauce, between Marlow and Spalding. RisTiooucHE, river, divides about half the co. of Bonaventurc from the province of New Bruns- wick. It rises in many sources in the co. of Rimouski, and falls into the Bay uf Chaleurs, forming at its mouth a considerable expansion called Ristigouche Bay. The Indian village, called New Mission Point, is about 5 leagues up this river, at the head of the ship navigation, to which schooners and even larger vessels can ascend. From the Indian village the river is much interrupted by shoals during the dry season of the year to Mr. Adams's, a neat establishment and the last settlement in the district. The river forms between those two points a deep bay, along which are settled from six to eight families, much on the same system as that of the Canadian farmers. At Mr. Adams's the river is divided into numerous channels by islands, some of which are one to three miles long ; the southern channel is however the most navigable at all seasons. On the New Brunswick side flourishing settlements arc to I)c seen, which, with the small church of the Mission in the distant perspective, and the prominent mountains to the south-east, combine to enhance the beauty of the landscape. Proceeding upwards in a west by south course from Mr. Adamn's Ix;- twccn several islands, which contract the channel about the distance of one mile and a quarter, the river is interrupted by a considerable rapid, which is however easily surmounted by the surprising skill of the Indian in the management of his canoe, so peculiar to the Micnac trilie which inhabits this part of the country. At this place, on the south shore, there is a gootl road that runs along the Bay of Kistigouche, on which are settled, upon lots of two hundred acres each, about forty funiilics. R I S The land, which aMumes a highland appearance, descends in a gentle slope to the river, and is thus rendered more practicable for a rood and eligible for settlera. From this place the river takes a western course to the mouth of the MaUpediac, interspersed with several small islands : its banks are clothed with mixed timber, amongst which, however, quantities of pine may be clearly di- stinguished. The country on this r. is generally mountainous, from the Indian village to near the portage on the Wagansis, and with little exception the hills advance to the edge of the water, appear- ing for the most part unlit for the pur]Ki8es of agriculture, being in general stupendously high and steep, and in some places almost precipitous : there are, however, small intervals of alluvial land in some places; but they are not very frequent, nor sufficiently extensive for any considerable set- tlements. The face of the country near the K. \V:\. gansis, and on the Kistigouche fur some distance below it, is more level than in the lower parts of the latter river ; but a settlement herealiout would labour under mony disadvantages, arising from ihu distance of other settlements and the difficulty of approaching it. The borders of the river Hisii- gouchc are covered with very fine timber for building, u great deal of which is taken for pur- poses of idiiinerce. This river is remarkable for its salmon (ishcry, which formerly amounted to ."WKJO Imrnls; at present the whole amount of the salmon lishcry in the district of Ga.9 Swine • 128 . 134 RivBR OF BnoKRN Lano8, V. Tbrrbs Rom- PUE8, R. RivBR Oty (S.), v. Oty, S. RiVIBRB DR SaBLB (R.), V. M18TA88INI, R. RiVIBRB OBB PraIRIRH (P.), V. MoNTRBAL. RiviBRB DBS Savannkh, i;. Yamaska, R. RiVIBRB BV ChkNB (S.), t;. M1M.B IbLB8. RiVIBRB DU Loup (R.), rises in the rear of Hunter's Town, through which it descends into Dumontier and thence into Orosbois, then, taking a sudden turn to the s. w., it winds through the seigniory of Rivit're du Loup and falls into Lake St. Peter. The Great Full, in the parish of St. Leon, is from 80 to ICN) ft. This r. is navigable for a few miles for boats, and early in the spring for river-craft. RiVIBRB DU Loup (R.), in Kamouraska and Rimouski (v. Du Loup, nj. This is the largest river which crosses the Tcmiscouata Portage. Its breadth at the bridge is almut (U) ur IH) yards, and it is so very shallow that it is Karcely navigable for a bark canoe ; the bridge is flat and built with wood, and ii apparently well constructed and in good repair. The banks on both sides of this river are high and steep until within about f of a mile R I V of its mouth, where they become low and flat. Vessels of 25 tons may ascend it a little more than half a mile. Fraser Lodge, the residence of the seignior, is situated on the N. side of its mouth. — The little Rivii-re du Loup runs in a southerly direction and is about 12 or 14 feet wide; it is very shallow and is merely a branch of the great Riviere du Loup into which it falls above a bridge. RiviKRE DU Loup, seigniory, in the co. of Ri- mouski, is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence; s. w. by Granville ; n. K. by the S. of Isle Vcrte ; in the rear by waste lands of the crown. Nearly 5 leagues in breadth by 2 in depth. Granted April 5th, 1689, to the Sieur Villerai for Sieurs d'Artigny and Lachenaye : Alexander Fraser, Esq. is now the proprietor. — The general appearance of this S. is uneven and mountainous, but it con- tains some extensive patches of good arable and very fine meadow land, which are divided into several ranges of concessions, bearing the namos of St. Andre Riviere du Loup, St. Patrick Riviere du Loup, Fraserville, Nouvelle Ecosse, St. George or Cacona, St. Anthony, St. Andrew, and St. Jacques : the first, a great part of the second, and a little of the third, are in u very good state of cultivation and well inhabited.— The whole seig- niory is abundanily timbered with beech, maple, birch, and large quantities of pine. — It is watered by several streams, but the principal is Riviere du Loup. — The roods are level and are nl 1 fine winter roads. The main road passes close to the River St. Lawrence, except near the church of St. Patrick, where it makes a detourhy a risingground, up to the bridge over Riviere du Loup, and after- wards descends again to the bank of the St. Law- rence, and so continues through the remainder of the grant. By the side of this road are many ranges of well cultivated fields, that yield abundant crops of all kinds of grain, numerous farm-houses with large and substantial outbuild- ings, also a great many dwelling-houses. Every farmer, on an average, makes 300 lbs. of butter, two-thirds of which are sent to market. — Through the whole of this extensive property there is but one church : in the concession of St. George, near Cacona, is a chapel for those to whom distance denies a regular attendnncr* at the church. Cacona is almost un istlund, being separatetl from the main land by a salt marsh, which in the spring always presents a luxuriant pasturage : on the point of !, near stance /acona 'main Iwayi tint uf RIVIERE DU LOUP. Cacona are several inhabitants. — The timber con- cern established at Riviere du Loup i» woixhy of note, from the extent to which it is carried on, as well as for the sums that appear to have been laid out in the establishment. The saw-mill is built on the r. du Loup, about 1-^ mile from its estuary, whither the deals are conveyed from the mill by means of a dalle, remarkable for its length and solidity, and it is in some places at an elevaticn from the ground exceeding 30 feet. Several vessels have been loaded there with timber for the British market, but the loading is attended with much inconvenience, and the vessels are not in a very secure anchorage. The vicinity of the bridge is very picturesque, and exhibits that busy life which attends on commerce and particularly the timber trade. — All the lands (it for cultivation are conceded and surveyed and have the advantage of roads of communication. Port of the concessions were granted prior to 1 Tu9, and generally at the rent of 1 sol per superficial arpent, and occusiunally a capon on each concession. — The inhabitants of this S. are wealthy. - ' ■ ■ V Statistics. Population 1,371 Churches, R. C. 1 Cur*8 . . 1 Presbyteries . 1 Schools . . 1 Villugeb . . 1 Corn-mills . 1 Saw. Mills . 2 Ship-yards . 1 Medical men . 1 Notaries . 1 Shopkeepers 3 Tavenis . . 3 Artisans . . 25 River-craft . 5 Tonnage . 203 Kcel-buats . 7 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat . Oats Barley , Buiheli. 9,100 3,(>M) (>,6U0 Buiheli. Peas . 2,;H<) Rye . 4,11)0 Mixed grain 3,(X)j Butter, cwts 68,700 Live Stock. Horses . Oxen (530 Cows . i.oon Sheep . 3,200 Swine . 775 Title of Hiviire du Loup and Iilc rcrte.—." Concession du 6me Avril, 1009, faite par Jmquei dc Hrihiii, (touver. neur, et Jean Bocharl, Intcndant, uu Sicur Villcrai, |iour le Sicur d'ArtigHy, et au Sieur Lacliniaic, de I'l'tcnduc do terre >|ui pcut se rcncontrer cntre Icurs coiiceHsions, iivcc deux hours dc profoiideur; de liwiuelle iU joutruiit niuiti/' par niuiti^, ct des isles ct baturcs iiui hc peuvcnt rcnciinlrer vis-^vis la dilc ttcndue, a ciiune dc la Krundc quaiitilr dc tcrres iidiabitHblcs qui sc rcncuiitrciil stir Ics ((iiiccssions i rux ci-devant I'aitcs, suvoir, au Sicur dc Villcrui pour le dil Sicur d'Artigny., deiiuis la riviirr Vrrtc jusqu'i't de\ix lieues en descendant Ic ncuvc St. Laurent ; ct au Sicur dc iMchenaie, savuir trois lieues ct dcniie, savoir, unc licuc uti desHUs de la rintTc du Lmip.vt deux lieues uu ileKKoiiH de la dite n\\iw."—Hlgittrc d'hitendume, \o. 3,_/i>/iii 27. RiviKRK itu Loup, seigniory, in the co. of St. Maurice, is bounded s. w. by Fief St. Jean and in front by Lake St. Peter. — One kugue in front, vi*. half a league above and below the river Du Loup, by 4 leagues in depth. Granted, April 20, 1633, to Sieur Lechasseur. It now belongs to the Ur- Buline ^uns, at Three Rivers. — This seigniory surpasses in value, perhaps, every property of similar extent in the province ; its soil is generally a light reddish earth, a little sandy, sometimes mixed with clay ; and in many places it is a fine yellow fertile loam, producing abundant crops of groin, and some parts are particularly eligible for raising hemp and flax. It is generally level, but towards the margin uf Lake St. Peter it is flat and low, consisting chiefly of excellent meadow and grazing land. About the front there is no timber of superior growth remaining, and indeed not much of any other ; but towards the rear are many spots where some pine and oak of the largest size are to be found. — The Grande and Petite Rivii'res du Loup, on wliich are 3 com-niills and 2 saw-mills, and some inferior streams water this S. extremely well ; the fromcr crosses it diagonally and by its serpentine course greatly heightens the other natural attractions of the place. — A variuty of good roads lead in every direction. The Quclwc road is embellished on each side by many good houses and farms in a very improved state. Nu- merous settlements and roads extend on each side of the two Rividrcs du Loup, whoxe bunks for several miles upwards are lofty and agreeably varied with woodland and landscape .scenery, which, combining with the luxuriance of the well cultivated fields, leaves very little to \k desired with respect to prospect. On the w. side of the greater river is the fillnge du Loup, containing about 40 houses only, but the settlements on cacli side of the roud are so thickly inhabited that they may almost be considered an extension of it to a great distance. In the village, fronting the road, is a new church, 130 ft. by /i2, remarkable for its size and the good taste of its interior decoration ; of 3 steeples that surmount it, the 2 in front arc covered with tin, which renders them conspicuous objects at a considerable distance ; it also contains 4 inns ami 2 schools, one English and the other French, supported by the jmrish. Near the village the Grande Kivicre du Loiip is crossed by a very fine bridge, handsomely and solidly constructed of tinilK>r. The |H)pulati()n and wealth of this place are considerable ; many trades are curried (m, and niuny shops kept open for the sale of ail kinds of manufactured giKxli and produce ; large quantities 6 '(i 'm-i W* if . ! is' ' '', 1646, to Siuur de Montmagny. — The original dimensions of this seigniory have been the subject of much litigation and were, ut length, fixed by an order fnmi the Court of King's Jench of the province, according to the line of boundary traced upon the topogniphiral map,givingan averagedepth of about aleaguc and a half: it is now the property of Mcnsr. Couillard. — In proportion to its extent, this is one of the most valuable ])osscssions in the whole pro- vince ; it lies generally low, with the exception of a small ridge or two that separate the settle- ments on the St. Lawrence from those on the n. du Sud. The soil is so rich and highly productive. R I V particularly in grain, as to obtain for it the di- stinguishing epithet of the granary of the Lower District. No part of it is neglected, and the whole is in a state of excellent cultivation. Very little timber remains. It is advantageously watered by the R. du Sud, its large branch called Bras St. Nicholas, the Riviere a la Caille and by many rivulets. In every part of the S., particularly near the St. Lawrence and on each side of the R. du Sud, are many good houses, in the midst of fertile well-stocked farms, surrounded by fine gardens and good orchards, which convey an im- posing idea of the affluent circumstances of their owners. — Commissioners have been appointed by the provincial legislature to open and form a road from the neighbourhood of Rocher de la Chapelle, in the parish of St. Thomas, to the waste lands of the crown. The St. Thomas Road begins at a line dividing the lands of the first concession from those of the second, b. of the r. du Sud, and extends with a few windings as far as the south bank of that river, where it is generally believed that the waste lands of the crown begin ; it is 1 1 miles and 18 acres in length. In that extent are 15 hills of a remarkable height, of which seven only are to be ascended or descended. There are also eight bridges to be constructed, viz. : — two of thirty-six feet, three of twenty-five feet, one of fifteen and two of ten feet or thereabouts. There is also a small bog, of ISTi to 145 ft , which it will be necessary to pave with logs. The lands, on each side to a considerable distance, are generally destitute of soil. Of this road, 3 miles and about 7 acres are completed, with the exception of a few large rocks and some small chains of rock which still remain to be undennined and levelled. The first eight hills, which are the most elevated, are also finished, and can be ascended with the heaviest loads. Two of the bridges of 25 feet and one of 10 feet are also completed and solidly constructed. The bog is also solidly paved. The St. Pierre Road, which begins about 24 acres from the division line between the lands of the first and second concessions, to the south of the R. du Sud, also extends as far as that river, where it is believed that the waste lands of the crown begin, and is 1 1 miles and about 7 acres in length. There are in that extent 12 hills; the first is of considerable height and length, the others are small hills with a gentle acclivity. There are ten bridges to be constructed, one of eighty feet. RIVER DU SUD. two of fifty feet, and the other 7 to 15 feet. The 'greater part of a bog of about three acres requires B causeway. The lands adjacent to, as well as those at a great distance from each side of this road, are generally destitute of soU; and fine wood and lands fit to be cleared are to be found only by advancing through the crown lands. Of this road five Sf.ics only are completed, but at one of the most rugged parts, called Les Cotes, where there was a great deal of undermining to be done, are 35 acres on which the trees are rooted out and the stones broken. The frames of the bridge of 80 feet are also begun, and the timber is squared and carried to the spot. Both roads run almost in their whole length over ground very uneven, paved with rocks and large stones, which in great part require to be undermined, broken and levelled. The sum of 1000/. was voted for the forming of these roads, and it is stated that an additional grant of 350/. will be required. — The seigniory contains two parishes, St. Thomas and St. Pierre. The Parish of St. Thomas is 3 leagues in front, and is bounded 8. w. by Berthier ; n. e. by Lepinay ; s. by the depth of the first range for about one league, being e. of St. Pierre church half a league below it ; the rear of the p. is only 2 leagues broad. Almost the whole of this p. is settled, particularly 3 ranges of concessions, and the ■oil is generally stony. As there is no corn-mill in the p. the inhabitants go to St. Francois mill in Ber- thier. The Village of St. Thomas contains about 90 houses, exclusive of store-houses and granaries; it is most delightfully situated at the confluence of the R. du Sud with the St. Lawrence. The houses are nearly all built of wood, generally whitewashed, and disposed into streets with something like regularity ; most of them have gardens and or- chards attached, and in many instances form de- sirable residences. There are several shopkeepers and artisans, with some inns as they are called, though they have no great claim to distinction for the good accommodation they afibrd to travellers. A few highly respectable families have fixed their habitations here, and form among themselves a select and pleasant society. When viewed from Chapel Hill, which lies about 3 miles to the s. w,, this village has very much the appearance of a small town, and gives additional interest to a prospect in every respect beautiful. The church is 175 ft. by 78, and the wall 40 ft. high. It was built in 14 months, ending Oct. 1822. It is superior in magnitude and elegance to any in the province, excepting the cathedral churches uf Que- bec and Montreal ; its length is 178 feet, its width 78 feet, and its height of wall 40 feet ; the steeple and spire, 1 1 6 feet. — Crane Island and Goose Island were originally appendages to the seigniory of Riviire du Sud, being granted with it on the 5th May, 1646; but they have since been dismem- bered from it and are now the property of Mr. M'Pherson. They are connected with each other by a marsh, and altogether make four leagues in length : they are inhabited by about forty families, and well cultivated, producing wheat much beyond their own consumption. The marshes are peculiar for the abundance of fine buy they produce, and their pastures are sufficient for three thousand head of cattle. Statistics of the Parishes of St. Pierre and St. T^onuu. Parlihn. St. Pierre St. Tliomiu linn »I7!2 4»7I Annual Ai^riciillural Produce, In butheU. lltOOft, 7mNl|lA(iOI.'ilHIOlr)20 1(10 IRSnO ia4(HI 1040 I'^UOj' A203(IU0 313(10 232(Hi 2(iO() 27005 204o'3l(N) lUO 10(1 Tib 3 I Live Min'li, 1000 :iooO: 5600 100030005500 375 1050 3Mi 70< 1425 10541 1050 JOOO 3(» :ui5olll75ii twn 27(H> TUk. Avtc Iff lilrt aur Gruel et aui Olc». — " (Jon- CMMon dii 5inv Mni, I(i4(ti faite par laCrnnpugiiie, hu Sietir Je Monlniagnf, de la riviere appeli-e du Sud, k I'eiiriroit uit ellc se di'dmrtji' HanB le rtcuvc Sl.l.aiimt, avec line lieiie de terre Ic lon^ du dil Hriive .SV. I.uurnil, vn montiint do la dite riviOre van Quibrc, vt denii lit'Ue Ic lung du dit Hoiivo, en dewendaiit vere le golfe; le tout aur la prol'ondeur de quatra lieuet en avant daiii les terret, en cotoyant la dite riviere de part et d'nutre. et irelle comprine daim la dite ^tendue ; el de plus leu deux iKlm ailueea daim Ic Ht-iive St. iMurrnl. priH'he du dit lieu, en dexi-ciidant le dit llcuve, Tune uppt'W'e I'ixle uiix (Hti, et I'autre appelrv I'IkU' aii.r Gruri, avee leH Iwturea qui iiont entre leu deux, le (nut conteiiaiit (pialre lieiir* ou environ de longueur !>ur If dit deuve."- Higiitn ^InUndana, A'o. 10 d 17, folio 072. XK fc 'h ill I t ( ^-il f RIVER QUELLE. 1 I RiTiBM Oircs.ui or BaoTKULMiK $ni aug- mentatioB, leigniary, in the co. of Kamouradca, is bounded v. B. by St. Denii; t. w. by Ste. Anne ; in the rear bjr Ixworth ; in firont by the St. Law- rence. — 2 leagoM in bfeadth by I ^ in depth. Granted, Oct. SOtk, 1673, to Sieur de la Bou« teillerie. The augmentation, 2 leagues in front by 2 in depth, was granted, Oct. 20th, 1750, to Dame O^n^vievc de Ramaay, widow of Sieur de Boishebert : they are now the property of Casgrin, Esq. — f of this S. are under cultivation and ^ in a state of nature; ^ is rendered unfit for cultivation by mountains and ridges of rocks. The soil, s. of the rivet Quelle, is in general a yel- lowish loam mixed with sand, and in the front it is alluvial except the ridges which are sandy: most of the lands under cultivation are of a su- perior quality. Hie lands in the rear are tra- versed by a small ridge and in the 5th range is a large cedar swamp ; the soil and timber, however, improve towards the fief St. Denis. — There are 7 ranges of concessions in the S. and the whole HS far as the .'ith range is conceded and nearly the 8. w. half of the 6th. The chief settlements are on both sides of the river Quelle, as far as the 4th range inclusive, and along the main road near the St. Lawrence. The rents are, for the 1st range and the greater part of the 2nd, Is. 3rf. per ar- pent, for the .3rd range about Is. 6d. per arpent, the 4th range 3s. 4d., and 5«. per arpent for the new concessions. The greater part of the land bespeaks a superior state of husbandry ; the arable yields grain of good quality in abundance, the meadow and pasture lands are very luxuriant, and the produce of the dairies forms no incon- siderable portion of the farmer's wealth. The farmhouses and other dwellings are generally ac- companied by well stocked gardens and good orchards, their inhabitants enjoying, from all ap- pearance, every comfort that industry can procure among a people wholly cultivators. In the front part of the seigniory there is but little timber; in tlic rear, however, there is a profuse variety of tlic 1)cst kinds, but cliiefly white pine, some black bircli, nuiplc, spruce, hemlock, &c. and cedar in the swamps — This S. is admirably watered by the li. Oiicllu, many small streams, and by Lake St. Pierre. The tide flows up this R. three leagues over u muddy l)ar at its mouth, where the water is 10 to 12 ft. deep at liigh tide, 4 to 5 ft. at low tide, and during spring tides from 14 to 16 ft. Schoonen might aaoend 2 mflea above the faridga In this R. salmon and bus are nther plentiful.— la this S. there are two fisheries hi the St. Law- rence, one for porpraies, the other for herrings. The porpoise fishery is deserving of a short de- scription, on account of the facility with which that unwieldy inhabitant of the deep is taken. It consists in a line of bougVs and small poplar trees, stuck in the mud at low water 2 or 3 ft. asunder and extending several hundreds of yards into the stream, forming at its farthest ex> tremity a ^ circular crescent. The porpoises de- scending the river with ebb-tide, alarmed at the agitation of the boughs and trees, which are shaken by the current or the wind, dare not venture through the line they might so easily destroy, and therefore unwarily remain within the crescent, where they are harpooned and brought to shore. They often measure 10 ft. in length and 6 ft. in circumference and many of larger sice are taken. —The Parish of Notre Dame de Liesse, by an Order of Council, Mar. 3, 1722, extends 2^ L along the St. Lawrence, including the fief St. Denis one league to fief la Pocataire called la Grande Anse, 1^ league. In this parish 201 heads of families, landowners, derive their sub- sistence chiefly from their farms; 142 heads of families possess small portions of land; others hold building plots under the tenants, from which they raise a little emu ; others live by trade or daily labour, and many by mendicity, particularly in winter. The number of hired agricultural la- bourers residing with the farmers scarcely amounts to 60 or 70; the holders of lands having, for the most part, numerous families, make use of their children from the age of 9 or 10 in various em- ployments on the farm. They nevertheless em- ploy those who have only building plots or por- tions of land, too small to support them, in all the more laborious duties and in harvest, time. — In 1792 there were 25,896 superficial arpents in concession, and many proprietors possessed from 350 to 500 superficial arpents half cleored and half covered with standing wood. Since that period the lands have been divided umimg children and part of them sold, so that there are now about 60 persons only who possess farms of 4 arpents in front by 30 in depth, or 3 arpents by 40 ; the others do not possess more than 2 urpents or 1 j by 30, 36, or 40 in depth. There remain but very few lands to concede in this parish, which RIVER QUELLE. it oompoMd rf Bouteillerie and St. Denis ; but the lands last conceded have aot been turned to a profitable account, the rocks and mountains and ■n indifferent soil rendering tbem unfavourable to cultivation ; they, however, supply wood for fuel, which in a few years the inhabitants will have to seek for in the townships, and those of the first range are now obliged to seek for it as far as the 5th and even to the 6th range, which is the most distant. There is nevertheless between the first and second ranges of Bouteillerie, on the seigno- rial line and to the n. b., a plain of about one square league, which, with much labour, might in the sequel become culturable ; but it seems that the seignior has no desire to concede these lands. A road has been opened by the mountains to ex- tend to the 5th and 6th ranges of Bouteillerie, which have been conceded by Pierre Casgrain, Esq. since he became the seignior, but this road is not yet finished as far as the end of the 6th range. No road has yet been opened to the last concession of St. Denis. The few lands which remain to be conceded are, for the most part, sur- veyed. The ranges 1, 2, 3, and 4 in both sei- gniories were granted before 1759, and since that time there have been but few lands to concede, except those which had been before conceded and reunited to the seignior's domain, with the excep- tion of the 5th and 6th ranges in both seigniories, which were granted some years past. In St. Denis the farms in the first range are from 2 to 3 arpents by 40 in depth. In the 2ndj 3rd, 4th, &c. only 30 arpents in depth. In Bouteil- lerie the first concession is partly 30 and partly 35 in depth, the irregularity being caused by the course of the river Quelle that bounds it; the 3nd is still more irregular, on account of the con- tinual windings of the river ; and the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th concessions are generally from 2 or 3 arpents in front by 40 and 42 in depth. Before 1759 the ordinary rate at which the lands were conceded did not exceed one sol tourmis for every superficial arpent, a quit-rent of a s il und a capon for every front arpent, the fines on alienation, re- trait and bannalilS. Since the conquest of the country by the English the rates, at which new concessions have been granted in this p., have increased to a crown tourmis, and even to 6 francs per front arpent by 10 and even 30 in depth. In St. Denis the seignior has obliged those who take new concessions io p>-y, moreover, the 10th pound of sugar out of the quantity they may make. It would not be difficult to find in this parish 150 to 300 young persons of 18 years and up- wards who would, by their own means or by the assistance of their relations, take lands in conces- sion, provided farms fit for cultivation could be found near or even at the distance of a few leagues. A great many fathers in this parish, caiwblc of providing their children with live stock and pro- visions, have settled them from 20 to 30 leagues hence, at Riviere du Loup, at Cacona, at Trois Pistoles and even at Rimouski. During the last 30 years a great number have been settled on lands favourable to agricultural purposes. Those, who were unable to furnish their children with the means of settling so for off, have divid d their farms with them. Qthers have been settled on building plots, and have increased the number of poor families. None of the inhabitants take lands in the townships erected in the rear of the seigniories that compose this parish, b<;cause the rear lands are not yet cultivated, and, there being no good road, the inhabitants have not applied for any of those lands, but they must, in a few years, resort to them for fuel. Population 3,672 Churches, R. C. 1 Curi'8 . . 1 Presbyteries . 1 Convents . I Schools . . 1 Statistics. Villoges Cum-mills CardiriK-iuilU Fulling-mills Suw-milU Tanneries Potteries Medictil men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans I a 1 4 3 20 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen BuaheU. I 29,900 i Potatoes l.'J,(»0O Peas . 7,8001 Duiholi. { Butheli. lOidO*) Rye . . 1,813 1 ,M» Mixed grain 3,000 Live Slock. 1,215 1 Cows Mi I Sheep 2,0101 Swine 4,2001 1,106 ri,(^QQQ In 1829 the sum of 35,270/. was voted by the legislature for these purposes, and, as a sum* mary of the appropriations and a brief abstract of the act may be generally useful, the author here inserts them. Appropriation of 35,2701. for Internal Communica- tions, voted 1829. 47(W.— To open a road from the Seigniory of Gentilly to the River Bevancour. 400/. — Do. from Yamachiche to the Township of Caxton. 470/. — To assist in owning the road from St. FraiKois Nouvelle iJeauce, to the West Arm, and from thence to open a road to the middle unconceded Crown Lands at the head of Lake St. Francis to the Dudswell road. 600/. — To open two roads, one from the last settlement to Lake Etuhemin to the eastward of the River Cbaudiire, and the other from the last settle- ments to the east of the River Etchemin. 3000L— Above the sum already granted to open a road from Mitis to the Alission of Ristigouche. 800/— To repair the Timiscouata Road and Bridges thereon. tow.— To open a road between the parish of Kamouraska and River Quelle. SOO/i — To open a front road from the third range in the Seigniory of Bonsecours to the west of I'islet Church. 600/.— To open a road from Rocher de la Chapelle to the unconceded Crown Lands. 600/.— To open a road between the last settlements at St. Pierre, Riviere du Sud, across the High Lands. 1500/.— To repair and complete the road from the head of . Lake Massiwipie toStukelyand Granby, lead- ing to Ynmaska Mountain. lOOOA — To complete the road from Shipton to Leeds. OUOiL— To improve the road already commenced from Drummondvitle to the Seigniory of Dtguire. 000/_To improve the road from Drummondme to Brampton. \WM, — For a road between Shipton and St. Grtooire. 600/.— Above the oum already granted to open the Ken- nebec Road. 1000/:— To onen a road from Dudswell in the District of 'rbree Rivers, to meet the road already opened _ on the line in the District of Quebec. 300/.— To open h road from Tring to Leeds, through Broughton. 3O0O/.— For a road from Hull to Orenville. fiOO/.— To explore the country between the rivers St Maurice and Ottawa. 300A To open a road from Beloeil to Varennei. 300/. To open a road from the last settlements of Ber> tbier, in the District of Montreal, to Brandon. 2000JL— For the road between St. John and Laprairie. 1000/.— For the Coughnawags road, and the road between Beauharnois and St. Regis. 800/1.— To open two roads from the new free bridge on the river Jacques Cartier, across the lands in Neuville to Bourglouis, and to build two bridges over the river Portnteuf. 1000/.— To improve the road from I'Anse des Mires, in the Lower- Town to Sillery. 3000/.— For the Ste. Foi, Lorette, Cbariesbourg and Beauport roads. 1000/.— To improve the roads which lead from the village of Longueuil to Chambly. 200/.— To assist in opening a water course in the Bou. cberville swamp across the Seigniory of Mon- tarville, in the Parish of Boucherville only. 2000/.— For the roads in the vicinity of Montreal. 1000/.— To assist in draining off the water of the little river which divides the town of Montreal from the St. Lawrence suburbs. eOOi To improve the road from Three Rivers to Pointe du Lac. 900/.— To open a road from Stoneham to Charle.ibourg. 260/.— To open a road from Valcartier to Ljike St. Charles. 300/.- To improve the St. Claire and Mitire roads, in the Parish of Cbariesbourg and St. Ambroise. 200/.— To indemnify A. G. Douglass for advances made by him on the road from St. Gregoire to Long Point. 260/. To assist the inhabitants of Frampton to build a public bridge over the river Etchemin, in the said township. 1200A— To complete the SL Paul's Bay road. 360/.— To open a road from Doughts Town to Point St. Peter (Gaspe). 160L— To assist in improving the road from the bead of the Basin of Gaspe to Douglas Town, through Haldimand. 330/. — To open a road between New Port and Port Daniel in the Bay of Chaleurs. 160/. To improve tbe road between Port Daniel and La Riviere Nouvelle in the Buy of Chaleurs. 160/.— To assist in improving tbe road between Borau venture and New Richmond in tbe Bay of Cha- leurs. 600/1.^ To complete the exploring of tbe lands between the rivers Saguenay and St. Maurice, and to pay the balance due on what has already been explored. £36,270 ■ ' Abstract of "An Act to make more effectual provision for the improvement of the Internal Communications," passed in 1829. L — The Governor to appoint Commissioners. II«_-CommisBioners to require the Grand Voyers to examine places where tbe voluntary consent of proprietors cannot be obtained for laying out roads. IIL— Commissioners to report to the Governor their proceedings and to have his approbation before applying the money. IV.— After approbation ot the Governor is obtained. Commissioners to proceed. V,— Governor to advance the money necessary to pay labourers, and superintendents their wages. ROADS. til U VI.— CommiMioncn to render an account of the money expended. V 1 1.— Comniisnionen allowed a certain lum for managing and superintending the work. VIIL— Two yean after the paiaing of this Act no con< tract for work to be entered into. IX.— Commiuionera to report to the Legislature the improvements made under thii Act. X I L— Application of the money to be accounted for to Hia Majesty. No account of the following Foadii being in- lerted in any of the geigniories or townships through which they pass, a description of them is here given. The roads of minor extent are de- scribed in the respective seigniories, &c. to which they belong. Craig's Road extends from the bank of the St. Lawrence, through the S. of St. Giles, to the t. of Shipton, whence a road had previously been made to the river St. Francis, and thence to the boundary line. This road completed would open a flourishing country to its natural market, and cause a large influx of settlers on good lands which are now lying waste. The lands are good along this road, and it is perLaps the most favourable place for settlement of any in British America, but the inhabitants and settlers must labour under many difficulties until an effectual road law is made, and enforced ; for the present road laws as they affect the townships are easily avoided, and the dif- ficulty of enforcing them prevents their being obeyed. This road was originally devised to open a direct communication between Quebec, the town- ships on the frontiers, and the adjacent American States ; but its completion has been retarded by many difficulties, more apparently originating in a want of determined enterprise, than in any natural impediments. It was originally traced out by Mr. Joseph Kilbome, Dep. Prov. Surveyor, in 1800, at the expense of Joseph Frobisher, Esq., and other landholders in the townships through which it passes. In 1B05, Mr. Wm. Hall, of Quebec, advanced 130/. to assist in opening this road. In 1809, Sir James Craig made a farther opening as far as the river St. Francis ; afterwards the commissioners for internal communications for the district of Three Rivers spent a considerable sum on this road, and opened it as far as the back part of Shipton. The commissioners for the county of Dorchester made this road to the district line of Three Rivers on two points, got the same ver- balized by the grand voyer, and requested the com- missioners for the district of Three Rivers to meet that road on one or both points, so that the people in the eastern townships might have a direct com- munication with Quebec. During the administra- tion of Sir James Craig, detachments of troops were employed in clearing and making the road, and in erecting bridges of timber over the rivers wherever they were found necessary. The object in view was so far obtained as to enable a stage to travel with tolerable despatch, though not without inconvenience to the passengers from the want of proper places to stop at, and houses for refresh- ment ; as there is no accommodation of that kind from the last settlement on the r. Bcaurivage to Shipton, about 60 miles. At Kempt's Bridge, Palmer's inn was at one time opened; but it neither answered the expectations of the public, nor produced benefit to the proprietor. Notwith- standing inducements were held out to encourage settlers, by granting them a patent for any lots they might occupy, on condition of clearing a cer- tain portion of land, and building a house (of timber) of given dimensions contiguous to the road ; these terms were accepted only in two or three instances, and even these were of no utility in advancing the work, or of advantage to the in- dividuals who undertook them. At the com- mencement of the late war very little progress had been mode, but considerable improvements have been since effected. The several bridges over the riverb are named after the military officers who commanded the detachments employed on this service, and these officers obtained lands adjacent to the road ; but military men have seldom the leisure or the means of becoming permanent cultivators. Kempt Bridge, about 150 ft.; the Grenadier's Bridge, about 100 ft.; Miller's Bridge, also about 100 ft., and 40 other bridges of inferior sizes, and causeways, built about 1809, had never been repaired up to 1823, except iwme little temporary repairs which the few inhabitants performed; their bad state was therefore complained of to the House of Assembly, in a memorial from the landholders of Ireland, Inverness and Leeds. The legislature two or three years since voted 400/. for completing this road, but the smallness of the sum, and the impediments which are thrown in the way by the act itself, have prevented that sum from being laid out. As the road is to be ditched for 30 miles, and as fourteen bridges, each above 20 feet long, and three bridges above 80 feet long, besides causeways, arc to be erected, 2000/. at least will be necessary \P- \ \ ■ W I ROADS. to make that 30 miles a panaUe carriage road ; and ai the road from the township of Ireland to Mrs. Stockings, a distance of 30 miles, would re- quire 1000/. more ; it will be seen that to com- plete Craig's road to Shipton would require at least 3000/. On Craig's Road, Ireland, Leeds and Inverness are the most populous and improved townships; and on the St. Francis Road, Shipton, Melbourne, Wickham, Orantham and Upton. The main and only roads leading from the heart of these townships to the older settlements are, Craig's Road, which, from its intersection of the St. Francis in Shipton, is open to the settlements of St. Giles ; and the East and West River Roods of the St. Francis, leading from Sherbrooke to the Baie St. Antoine on Lake St. Peter: the road through Hatley, Stanstead, Bolton, Sutton, St. Armand, Dunham and Stanbridge, to the settle- ments of the R. Richelieu has previously opened several entries into the State of Vermont, with which constant intercourse is kept. Craig's Road is very little frequented on account of the obstacles whichnumerous swamps and windfalls throw in the way of travellers, particularly in the distance be- tween the settlements of Leeds and Shipton. Of the road along the St. Francis, that on the eastern hank is best and most generally used in summer, the other is practised preferably in winter. The worst parts of the summer road are between Cour- val and Spicers, 6 miles. Of these, four are called the savanne, which in the wet seasons is dangerous, and frequently impracticable. The bogs in the southern quarter of Simpson are another impediment to the traveller's progress for about half a league, but it is ascertained not to be perilous from the firmness of the substratum of the swamp ; of the last road, that part traversing Potton and Sutton is the most rugged, broken and bad. The minor public roads, connecting the settlements of the townships circumjacent to Ascot, are numerous and generally much better, having the advantage of receiving more frequent repairs from the settlers to be found in greater numbers in this quarter of the tract than in any of the lands in Shipton. Temiscouata Portage Road. — About 4* miles e. of the Rivici-e des Caps this important com- munication commences, which, being the only route by land from Quebec to Halifax, 627 miles, is of great importance. It was first opened, in the year 1783, by General Haldimand, at that time governor of the province : the British mail is always conveyed by it, when landed from the packet at Halifax. From the main rood of the St. Lawrence, where the portage road branches off, to Long's Farm on the bank of Lake Temis- couata, the distance is 36 miles 16 acres: the direction of the road is generally eastward, but it has numerous turns and windings to avoid several very lofty and rugged hills, or deep swamps ; as it is, about 24 miles of the distance is over a suc- cession of mountains, many of them rough and very steep : thiii road might be rendered as good and con- venient for travelling as can be reasonably expected in a wild and unsettled country. From the bank of the St. Lawrence, up to Cote's Ferry, on the b. du Loup, about five miles, the road is as good as can be desired, and by which carriages of burthen may proceed to the ferry, or to Ballentine's Mills, a little to the left : the remainder of the way to Lake Temiscouata has been much improved: several soldiers, with their families, were settled in 1814 upon lands allotted to them at convenient intervals, under the personal direction of the sur- veyor-general of the province. These few settlers are not, however, sufficient wholly to answer the intended purpose, and most probably others will hereafter be placed on proper places, of which many may be found, where there are large portions of good land and some extensive hrulis, which might very speedily be brought into a state of moderate fertility. This portage abounds with the necessary materials (it for the making of roads, either upon the old plan of the country or accord- ing to the system of M'Adam, and has now been much improved by the grant of money made by the Legislature. The usual mode of passing the road in summer was by shafts only. The present improvements have enabled nine wheel carriages to pass the whole length ; and although a hilly road, a box of window glass in one of the carts was found without one single pane broken. There is no doubt, however, that the permanent repair of the Temiscouata portage, and the opening of the continuation of the post route to I ft. by 20, was repaired, as well as the bridge ovor the R. Little du Loup ; the former, when first built, cost about 1,800/., a third part of which was expended needlessly. Much labour was expended in repair- ing the road between R. du Loup and R. Verte, 5 miles. The bridge over n. Verte, 70 feet in length, and the causeway, were repaired. The road between Riviere Verte and Ruisseau Mor- neau, being in a very bad condition, was repaired ; the causeways were decayed, broken down, and in some places carried away by the waters which caused deep ruts in the road. Several large rocks that obstructed the rood were removed by making fires upon them and breaking them to pieces (water throum on the healed rocks would have saved this labour) ; in other places, where the position of the rocks required it, the ground was levelled up around them with earth and fragments of rocks. The bridge over Ruisseau Alomeau and la Savane des Roches being also in bad condition was repaired. On the Savane des Roches the repairs made in 1826 were extended by making fires upon the rocks, and breaking them in pieces, levelling the road with their fragments and covering it (to the width of a cart) with earth and gravel. The bridge beyond la Savane des Roches, over the Ruisseau des Savancs, being decayed, it was re- paired r. ith tamarac, no cedar being to be had in that neighbourhood. There was a bad causeway close to the bridge over the R. St. Francis, which was also repaired. The bridge over the n. St. Francis, being very weak and decayed, was re- paired, and a new Oarde-de-Corps on each side of the bridge constructed. On the n. w. side of the St. Francis Mountain the waiter, having worn a deep channel, was running down the middle of the road ; here ditches on each side were made, I i lii^^ IP :^ V R O ADS. 1 I fell l! fl \ and an outlet cut into the woodf 3 acres in length, the channel which the water had made being filled up. In 2 places a new road was made on one side to the extent of 2 acres ; several large rocks were removed. The causeways also between the St. Francis and Grande Fourche, being in the same bad state as the others, were repaired, ditches and outlets made and the earth thrown upon the causeways. The N. w. end of the Grande Fourche Bridge having given way, it was raised and repaired; thence to the foot of the mountain, new causeways were laid and ditches and outlets made to draw off the water from the road ; and as the whole of that part appeared to be constantly inundated, gravel with earth was used to raise the centre, and this labour was re- quired throughout the whole part of the road thence to la Petite Fourche. As the bridge over La Petite Fourche was in a very dangerous situation it was repaired ; the road at the N. e. end of the bridge, which was very deep with mud, was also repaired. The part of the road commencing about ^ mile beyond La Petite Fourche, being very bad on ac- count of the great number of springs and the na- ture of the land not admitting water to pass, was thoroughly repaired by laying causeways and digging ditches and outlets. — The bridge over Mare Sangsue having been destroyed by the spring flood was repaired; between this place and the foot of the Buade Mountain is a causewey -i mile in length, part of which was floating ; here drains were opened, outlets made and the causeways covered with earth, and the road was widened to 12 feet. The bridge at the bottom of Buade Mountain was repaired. — Mr. Wolf, at the end of his report, observes, " That this road is so long and the nature of the ground so very unfavour- able, that, although a few hundred pounds be laid out to the greatest advantage in repairing it, there still remains ample scope for further improve- ments ; moreover, as long as there are no persons living on the road to clear the ditches and attend to other necessary particulars, the most judicious repairs most rapidly fall into a state of decay. Colonel Froser was informed that a better road could be found out, in which scarcely any hill would be met with and which would require but one bridge ; consequently, if this road was under- taken it would prove, in every respect, preferable to the present, for only six leagues bush would be traversed, and if it were once opened it would re- quire but a small annual expense for maintenance and improvements, whereas the present, without an immense sum being expended thereon, will never prove a good road." In consequence of these ob- servations, Mr. Wolf was instructed to explore the proposed line of road. He entered it at the Ha- Ha, one league distant from Lake Temis- couata, proceeded in a N. k. course for one league, lei 'ing the Ha-Ha Mountain on the left, then k.1 oflged his course and proceeded n. n. r. for about two miles through a fine valley, good land, wood, elm, cedar and spruce ; arrived at a small river about 15 feet wide and 3 deep, after cross- ing which he changed his course to the north and proceeded for about 3 miles; good land, hard wood, a small stream about 2 feet deep and 10 in breadth, level land with hard timber. The whole of the distance above referred to is surrounded by small mountains ; this course he followed for two miles farther and found a small lake, about half a mile on his left, 18 acres in length and 2 broad. The second day he continued his course north (to avoid falling on the Grande Fourche Lake, which is about 2^ leagues in length and 15 acres broad), when, having proceeded about six miles, he found another small lake at the distance of four acres on his left, which lake is about six acres long and one broad; he then reached a rising ground with a gradual ascent and descent, about 1^ mile in length ; thence he arrived at the R. Little Fourche, in breadth at that place 12 ft. and 3 deep ; the land all that distance generally covered with hard timber ; he then changed course to the N. N. w. and came to another rising ground covered with a fine sugary, ascent and descent gradual; thence he arrived at the discharge of La Grande Fourche, which forms here a rapid river 20 ft. broad and 6 deep. The third day he changed course to the N. w. in a direct line to the A iliuge de la Pluine, one mile below the saw-mill on the Green River. (Two or three small lakes and some high mountains were seer. t;t;t;ween the R. Grande Fourche and this place, all at some distance from the line on the left, none of which interfere with the proposed line of road.) He then came to a circular mountain covered with a sugary and desired his guide to ascend a high tree, to ascertain whether it might not be avoided ; the guide said that he observed a valley round it, and that it was not of such a nature but that the road might be laid over it in a zig-zag way, and it would ROADS. have an easf ascent and descent. After leaving this mountain he found a lake on the lef^, about ^ mile (called Lake Ibert), of the same siic as that of Grande Fourchc ; at a farther distance of about two miles he found another called Pouillac, six acres in length and two broad, on the same side ; he then met a swamp of about one acre in length which would require paving. The land in general is good and fit for cultivation ; there are a few inctmsiderable Iiills, but so situated as to prove no obstacle to the road should it be undertaken. The fourth day he proceeded the same course (n. w.) and found the land level and the timber good ; at five o'clock p. u. he arrived at the Sf.. Lawrence, in front of the Village de la Plaine, in the fourth concession of Cacona, to which place from the point he set out from is reckoned 9 leagues, and in that distance only 4 bridges would be required. After having made this survey, Mr. Wolf arrived at the following conclusion : That a good road could be made, in every respect preferable to the present one, at the expense of about £3,000 currency, and that the country through which it would pass is of good quality and fit for settle- ment. The present Portage Road is 36 miles, and the intended road, from Cacona to the lake, 30 miles, but following the main road from St. Andrew to the Village de la Plaine, about 12 miles more, it would be six miles longer from Quebec to the lake ; but the advantages which the intended road would possess over the present would far outweigh this consideration. In Mr. Wolf's opinion the advantages of this road over the present would be very great, as from the nature of its soil and timber it is certain that it would be soon settled, and would not require so much labour and expense to keep it in repair. Mr. Wolf seems to be decidedly of opinion that tlie proposed road would be more advantageous in every respect than the present ; and after enu- merating the diiiiculties and inconveniences of the Jatter, he concludes by saying that " it may be fairly divided as follows ; one-third mountains, another bridges and causeways, and the last con- sisting of nothing but rocks of different dimensions, which occupy such a breadth as to render it im- possible to avoid them." Kennebec Road. — In 1830 the extent of this road to be made was 28 miles from the seignorial line of St. Charles Belle Alliance to the province line. Of this road 8 miles and 7 acres were in that year made a good wheel-carriage road, 18 feet wide, with diti'hcs nt he sides uf sufficient depth and breadth. Tht tiuntry through which that part of the road |>.i.vH.-g is rather hilly, but fit for cultivation and tioitlcd in difierent places; there are nine stiH>|< liilN which were cut in those places where the ruad was necessarily carried. Tlie countiy through which the remainder of the road, then unmade, was carried and opened as a path road to the province line, is more level and in general of a better soil, on which five consider- able bridges were made, steep hills cut and 3 milwts of it cleared of windfalls. The lands on each side of the road were surveyed and are of a de- scription to encourage a quick settlement : £1,600 would be required to make this part of the road, being 10 miles and 21 acres. The commissioners were convinced that, if the Kennebec Road was perfectly opened as well as it is now made on the American side up to the lines, a line of diligence or post might be established from Pointc-Levi to Portland, the nearest sea-port from Quebec, or to Boston. The Quebec market would be provided with cheaper provisions ; the public revenue raised considerably, especially if dudes were drawn from live stock; and the American settlers near the lines would take produce in exchange instead of specie. The Kennebec Road is now opened, owing to the indefatigable exertions of Charles Taschereau, Esq., one of the commissioners. Se- veral American gentlemen from Boston and dif- ferent parts of Maine have come through with their waggons and gigs on a pleasure excursion to the 8. of Ste. Marie, where they remained a few days, delighted with the romantic appearance of that part of the country. For several years Ame- rican produce has been sent through Kennebec, viz. cattle of every description, fish, poultry, honey, &c. The distance from Pointe-Levi to the province line by this road is 31 leagues. The mail ought to be sent through this route to the United States, being the most direct communi- cation. Kempt Road is a new communication recently surveyed and opened. It commences from the St. Lawrence, near the mouth of the river Grand Mitis, and is carried s. k. to the head of Lake Alatapediac, about 30 miles ; it then runs along the K. bank of that lake and follows the river Matapediac to its confluence with the river Risti- gouche, more than 50 miles; at this place it L t t'f ■ft , I. 11 R O A meets the Ristigouche Rood that leads to the In- dian mission at the head of RistigouLoe Bay. This important line of communication is produc- tive of two great advantages. 1st. It connects the settlements on Chaleurs Bay with those on the 8. shore of the St. Lawrence, and forms a useful means of communication with the county of Gaspi; and the province of New Brunswick. 2nd. It presents a large field for emigrant settlements, as it passes through extensive tracts of land gene- rally susceptible of cultivation, although in many places uneven and mountainous. The suui of .^3,000 has been voted by the provincial legis- lature for the puriKise of opening this road. — The following information relative to the best and cheapest mode of opening a road through wild lands is supported by the testimony of John Neilson, Esq.— Employ 3 trusty Indians, or others accustomed to the woods and country work, by the day, to explore and mark out the easiest and nearest place for a road, avoiding steep hills and morasses, by which a common horse and cart might transport a burthen of 5 cwts. without un- loading. The road should be cut 12 French feet wide and the whole width cleared off; the stumps taken out and cut 'jelow the level of the roud and the black earth, or six inches below the general surface ; the high places to be levelled down and the hollows filled up, so that a common horse could travel it in 'he wettest seasons with a cart loaded with five cwts., at least, without unloading. Logging, paving with logs, and draining where necessary, are of course included in the contract ; the price to be so much per ariient, advance of one-third on furnishing two good securities and commencing the work, one-third when completed, and one-third on report of approval by experts ; the time at which the work will be ready for de- livery to be stated. It might be proper, perhaps, to divide the whole into numbered lots of 30 ar- pcnts, each commencing from the opening of the roud, receiving proimsals for either of the num- bers. The manner in which the road is to be made to U^ carefully expressed in the advertise- ments to contractors, for the price dc]>cnds upon the manner in which the work is to lie done as Well as the decision of tlie cx|K. St. Hyacintiik, S. RounR Rivkr, in the co. of Ottawa, rises in some lakes north of the t. of Grcnville, about 40 or 50 miles from its mouth. It traverses Grcn- ville to its front range, where, at lot 22, it falls into the R. Ottawa alxiiit 1 \ mile above the R. Calumet. Its IkmI lies uiiiid^t al)nipt mountains and rocky cliffs, and its waters consequently rush down with tumultuous rapidity. It is about 4 chains wide and not navigable except for the ca- noes of the Indians, who go into the Imck country for the purposi.-!) of trade. It is well stocked with fish. R O U RoooB, river, ia the S. of Lauson, rises in the 8. of Oasp6, and runs into Lauion, where it enters the Beaurivage in the concession called Ste. Elisa- beth. RouoB or Rbo Rivrr, rises in the rear part of Rawdon, and in the front of that t. is joined by the r. Blanche descending from the t. of Kil- dare ; it then turns Dugat's mills ; after which it takes a small circuit in Kildare and enters the aug. to Lavaltrie, where it falls into the R.L'Assomption a little above the r. Lac Ouareau, from which it is not separated above one mile for 18 miles above its mouth. On this r. is a place called Les Dalleg, from a singular contraction of the river, whose banksi for some distance on each side, are perpen- dicular rock .30 to 40 ft. in height. The current necessarily glides through these narrows with un- usual rapidity and is much increased, in the spring and fall of the year, by the additional volume of water which passes down, with the precipitancy of a cataract, until it bursts from its fetters at the foot of the Dalles and meanders along its more natural bed. RouviLLB, county, in the district of Montreal, b bounded n. w. ly the river Richelieu or Cham- Uy, together with all the islands in that river nearest to the county; r. and n.e. by the coun- ties of Missiskoui and Richelieu ; and b. by the 8. boundary of the province. It comprises the seigniories of Rouville, Chunibly East, Monnoir and its augmentation, Dleury, Sabrcvois, Noyun and Foucault. — Its extreme length is 42 miles and its breadth 0, containing 384 square miles. Its lat. on the river Richelieu is 45° 18' 30" N. Ion. 73^ 15' w. It sends 3 members to the pro- vincial parliament and the place of election is at Ste. Marie de Monnoir. — This county, in soil and surface, resembles the county of Chambly and is generally level, with the exception of the two conspicuous mountains of Rouville or Mount Belocil and Mount Johnson.— This co. is chiefly watered by the r. Chumbly, which forms its w. boundary, and by the Riviere dcs Ilurons, Ruisseau Bam Riviire du Rupidc, and South River. — It is traversed by numerous roads presenting handsome and ilourishing settlements, especially along the banks of the riven. The roost worthy of notice arc Kempt Road, leading from St. John's to St. Armand, and another road that leads through Philipsburg into the United States. — This co. has R O U many com and iaw>mill estaUishments and is highly productive in grain of every kind. The northern section is peopled by Canadians and its southern is chiefly inhabited by Americans, Scotch and Irish. It contains the parishes of St. Hilaire, Pointe Olivier, St Jean Baptiste, Henryville, Oeorgeville, and St. Thomas. PopiiUtion 10,159 ChurrhesPro. i PanoiiaK581 1 Sheep 9,7.% I Swine 34,410 1 7,890 RouTiLLB, seigniory, in the co. of Rouville, is bounded n. r. and k. by St. Charles and St. Hya- cinthe ; 8. w. by East Chambly ; in front by the R. Richelieu. — 2 leagues in front by 1^ in depth. Granted, Jan. I8th, 1({U4, to Jean Baptiste Ilertel, Sicur dc Rouville and is now the property of J. B. M. II. de Rouville, Esq. — This tract contains land of so good a quality that nearly the whole of it is in a very advanced state of improvement, prin>?i> pally in tillage. The concessions are divided into 8 ranges, all running nearly parallel to the r. : they are watered by several small streams, be- sides the Riviire dcs Ilurons, which is one of Lonsiderable nmgnitude: thc»c ranges are sub- divided into 1180 farms. Some parts of the S. wxv favourable to the gn)wth of hemp. All the lands are conceded with the exception of certain pieces situated in the rear of the conceded lands, and of sufficient extent to increase the depth of those lands 30 arijcnts, and the proprietors have the liberty of purchasing them, but thi-y are not calculated for new settlements. No concession was granted previous to 17>''0. — The principal rivers are the Richelieu, the Rivirrc dcs liurons and the Ruisseau de la Montague, on which the ll2 ROUVILLE. M ^BM mills are built ; there are also many small streams, one of which is so rapid as never to be frosen in winter. Col. de Rnuvil'f^'s mills on the slope of the Rouville Mountain a^e of much use to several of the neighbouring parishes. There are 3 ferry- boats over the Richelieu and 8 soLs are charged for every description of carriage — The roads along the bank of the Richelieu and on both sides of the R. des Hurons are good ; there are also two that take a southcrnly direction and open a direct communication with the river Yamaska. The cattle is of the Canadian breed, and agri- cultural labour is performed with oxen as well as horses. — Mount Rouville, sometimes called St. Hi- laire, Cham'oly or Beloeil Mountain, is between tlie 2nd and 3rd ranges and is well worthy of re- mark on account of its height, its form, its extent, and the points of view aiibrded from its summit. It is composed of seven mountains and extends over nearly 2\ leagues square. On the south side the acclivity is gentle, but in the opposite direction it is very steep and abrupt. On the summit of this mountain there is a beautiful little lake of fine clear water about one league in cir- cumference, from which a rivulet flows in a pretty winding stream into the Rivii're de.i Hurons. The slopes of the Mount are in many places broken by woods that greatly increase its picturesque beauty. The table rock at the summit of the cone has been ascertained to be 1,100 feet above the level of the river. Its access is extremely tedious and difficult, but none will look back to their fatigues with regret when they behold, from this exalted point, the most extensive scope of country that can be embraced at one view from any spot in Lower Canada; soaring as it were above the magnificent valley, from which the mountain rises, the tourist catches at a glance all its numerous beauties, traces the Richelieu from its outlet from Lake Champlain to its confluence with the St. Lawrence, which is also discerned at various points, till its (urface is distinctly seen before Montreal. The city and the mountain could almost be sketched, so clearly are they vi- sible from the cone. To the eastward the pro- spect is partially intercepted by one of the hills forming the group. It is said that in very clear weather, with the aid of a telescope, the tovm of Three Rivers can be discovered to the N. k., and to the 8. the settlements of Burlington, on Lake Champlain, in the State of Vermont. — This S. is divided into two parishes ; the Parhk of St. Hilaire belongs to Mr. Rouville, and the church stands in front of Mount Rouville. — The Parish of St. Jean de Baptiste is 8. of the Mount and its church is nearly in the rear of it. It has a village containing 25 houses. This parish is more numerously settled than that of St. Hilaire. Statittics. PihihM. 1 3 1 i ■i a i i I i i 1 i 1 ■ i 1 1 u, 1 1 L i .3 < 8t. Jnn UaptiiM St Hilaire 2(MtB lOllIi 1 1 1 I 6 1 I 1 3 n 15 lA .113(1 : 'i 'i I I'irlihn, MMlMNiiltuiill ITiiriun-, in l>u»hrl«. l.lv* Slock. 1 1 * ® t i ■I i i i i c z IO.-IO ItflO i 11140 i 1 i * J. I40A 8u .loaii lUpltiitv 8i. HiUire aofloo 7H0» 7B0« 2(ic lieue et demie de pro- fundeur, joignant d'un cote la terre de la Sei)^eiirie de Chantbhj, en descendant la riviere Riehclifui de I'uutre -cote lea terrcR non-concMres du coti du Sud de lu dite rivivre Richelieu." — Rigittre iPIntendance, Xo. 4^ folio I j. Roteb's Water, a stream in the t. of Stan- don. It runs into M'Carthy's River. RoxTON, township, in the co. of Shefford, lies between 3Iilt«n and Ely and is bounded in the rear by Acton and in front by Shefford. — The 'cd of Mr. Wright, aI/iu7a. SAni'KNAV, county, in the district of Quebec, is iNHiiuUd s. w. by the co. of Montmorency; n. E. by tiic n. k. Ijoundury of the province ; «. e. by the St. Lawrence, includin;^ all the islands in that river nearest to the co.inty and in whole or in jmrt frontin}{ it ; n. w. by the nortliern boundary of the province. It comprises part of the S. of l# 'm\ mr'- ml i SAG Beaupr^t the seigniories of Oouffre, Eboulemens, Murray Bay and Mount Murray and the town- ship of Hettrington. — Its extreme length ia 547 mileii and its depth 240, containing 7^,700 square miles. Its western extremity at Cap L'Afaatis is in lat. 470 12' 30", Ion. 70» 24' 30" w. and its eastern extremity is in lat. 51° 30' 0" N., Ion. 55" 20' " w. — It sends two members to the pro- vincial parliament and the places of election are at Bay St. Paul and Murray Bay. This county, in territorial extent, ranks the first in theproTince, but only the 33rd iu agricultural importance and the 26th in population. It embraces a vast space of country traversed by numerous rivers and lakes. — The chief rivers are the Saguenay and its nu- merous tributary streams, the Grand Decharge, the Chicoutimi, Belle Riviere, Peribonea, Goufire, Mai Bay, Black River, Portneuf, Belsiamitis, Bustard and Manicouagan. Of the numerous lakes those most worthy of notice arc Lake St. John, Kiguagomi and the Kiguagomishish, which are separated by short portages and which, with the rivers Chicoutimi and Belle Riviere, form the communication from Chicoutimi to Lake St. John. An incredible number of other lakes spread over the surface of this co., which are known only to traders and Indians. — The face of the country is uneven and mountainous and the land inferior in quality; yet explorations in 1828-9 have esta- blished the existence of arable tracts, anu some valuable timber in the vicinity of Lake St. John, the peninsula, &c. — This county contains nu- merous trading and lishing posts and stations on the St. Lawrence. It comprises within its limits the Island of Anticosti as being in front and nearest thereto. — Vide vol. I, Population 8,'K>() (.IhurchcH, 11, C. (> • ■ur/'H . . + Presbytt'rii'K . Villaf^os . ,'i l^cbools . I Statistics. Corn-mills . Sttw-niills . ('arding-mills P'uUiiiK-niills Shopki't-pern TiivoniK Artinanii Ship yards River craft ToiuiMKe Kfi>l boats 59 2 21 GIM) M Arniunl .igrkuUural Pioducr. Wheat . OhU . Barley . Potatoei HorMR Omii Buahali. Iluihrlt. M,7M Pi-as . 1.,1,'li 1(I,7.V> Rye . .i.Wd 6,3J(J Ruck whvat ^.UN) 62,730 Indian ■■orn :i,207 lluitheli. Mixed ifniir .'i,2ecul;ition, particularly if ■ ndcrtakeii on a large scale, for th ■ immediate settle. ...m oi the Sa- guenay can be undertaken unl) liy government or by indiviiliiuls of colossal fortunes, fur. without con- siderable advances, such pcrsuDS us those by whom SAGUENAY. 'ji^ '!; .!;U:i:; < 1 :iP'l| new settlementR are generally formed could not plant themselves there, notwithstanding the ad- vantages which the territory oiTers. The eventual settlement of this section of the province will, however, be effected, even without the aid of go- vernment or companies, although its prugress must be very gradual and slow, for since rival trading companies have got to be neighbours, the trade is of little value to any one except the Indian, per- haps, who in consequence receives less harsh treat- ment and often a higher price for his furs from the party most anxious to traffic with him. The whole Indian population will soon be extinct, and the trader finding no occupation will be forced to take to the plough in order to raise corn enough for his support, a change which is already visible at several of the posts. — The cli- mate of the Saguenay is good and similar, if not better, than that of Quebec, although the au- tumnal frosts are felt there earlier: the climate is, however, inferior to that of Lake St. John, where the frost is said to commence from 15 to 20 days later. At Chicoutimi the land is fit for tillage in May, and strawlierries have been eaten there on the IJth of June. — The soil in the im- mediate vicinity of the Saguenay is various, and the banks, which rise in many places perpen- dicular with the surface of the river, are fre- quently very rocky and immensely high, being from 1 70 to 340 yards above the stream. From Tadoussac to Ha-Ha Bay a continuous chain of high mountains incloses the river on both sides, occasionally presenting capes and proniuntorics projecting into the river. The n. shore of the Saguenay seems to afford but little land sus- ceptible of culture. From Tadoussac to la Boule, about 2 leagues, the land is high, rocky, borren, and the bunks nearly perpendicular. From Half- way Bay to 4 leagues ahove Cap ii I'Est is an iron-bound shore embanked by a succession of rocky barren hills, exhibiting *ractures ''oldoni equalled for boldness and eiKct, which create «!onstant apprehension of danger, even in a calm. The lands decline in height and arc level and of the l)est quality from Roiky Point, tlirce leagues below Chicoutimi, ns far aa the Point of Broken Lands ubout two leagues higher up. The lands in the rear are level icr the distance of lie land is level ami of the best quality. From Rix-ky Point as far as the Point of Broken Lands there are five leagues of beach bordered by considerable meadows called Les Prairies, where the inhabitants of Chicoutimi cut their hay : here the soil is chiefly clay, but on ap- preaching the hills, which are rocky and unfit for settlement, there is a rich vegetable mould. The extent occupied by the inhabitants of the Post is about 15 or 1600 acres, on which there is very little timber, and at least 20,000 bundles of hay might be annually made. — The southern shore is more fit for agricultural purposes than the northern side. From Trinity Bay to the Petite Saguenay, 15 miles, and thence to Ha-Ha Bay, the hills are abrupt and barren, but not so ele- vated as those on the opposite shore. The two most promising places of settlement, however, are Chicoutimi, which is described in its proper place, and Ha-Ha Bay : the latter appears to be destined by nature as the principal seat of the commerce, trade and agriculture of all the Saguenay country, for the following reasons: Ist. For the extensive tract of level land, that lies about it and extends to Lake Kiguagomi and Chicoutimi. 2dly. For the harbour it affords for the largest vessels of the line, which can sail directly into the bay with nearly the same wind by which they ascend the Saguenay, and anchor in the second bay, which is in the shape of a basin and which would be a fit site for a mart of trade. 3dly. The facility that is afforded of opening a road to Chicoutimi or direct to the head of l. Kiguagomi ; and the easy practicability of a water-communication between it and that lake, which would render unnecessary the intricate and circuitous route of the Chicou- timi River, the difierence of level not exceeding 250 feet in r. distance of 4^ to 5 leagues through the level tract that lies between these places. It is protected by Cap ;1 I'Est and tlie prominent hills that fonn its entrance, while the former, rising to about 500 feet in height, commands a view of about 12 miles down the river, and guards, with West Cajw, the entrance into the upper part of the Saguenay, The en' -'ons of Ha-Ha Buy are lower and more level i': n the (■uiight to Ta- doussac. For many years after tliu discovery of this country the walrus wus common about the Saguenay, but it is not now to Ikj seen in the gulf or river : from this animal the Pointe aux Vaches, about a mile from Tadoussac, takes its name. Birds. — The land birds are rare ; a variety or two, not common at Quebec, have been seen. The perdrix blanche (the /itarmigan) , which changes its colour like the Canadian hare, is oc- casionally met with on the hilla. Water-fowls are extremely numerous, particularly those of the diver kinds ; among them is the Petit Bonhoramc, a beautifully shaped duck not much larger than the snipe. The Batture aux Allouettes is the re- sort of large flocks of the diil'erent species of oxbii ds. Fish. — The fish in the Saguenay are the giburd, porpoise, sturgeon, seal, salmon, salmon-trout, piko, white fish, pickerel, trout, cod, several kinds of herring, smelt, &c. 'I'he gibord or bot- tle-nosed whale of a small size never ascends above Cap a I'Est; it generally sw'ms within a few rods of the Post of Tadoussac, and some of the larger species are sometimes harpooned of- posite, but the occupation of taking them is nearly abandoned, and only two or three schooners have visited the river for the purpose in as many year.: A considerable number of porpoises ascend the river as high up as Pointe aux Roches. The seal is still frequently seen, but it has much diminished in numbers and has become wild ; about 200 were killed by the Indians of the Post of Tuduiissac in the winter of 1U20: there are six or seven va- rieties of these amphibia on the coast ; one is said to grow to the enormous length of 14 feet. The number of salmon taken is much less than for- merly; only 3,u des Foins, a little below the Post of Tadoussac, is a natural meadow of several acres, lying at the base of the mountains which here re- cede for a short distance from the river. The soil is a clayey alluvium and, as its name indicates, wild hay grows upon it, which is annually cut. — Bate des Rochers. A considerable shoal and reef of rocks ren- der its entrance dangerous at low tide ; a small stream enters it from between the mountains. — Baie du Rude, a very good harbour. — Big Rock Cove, opposite St. Stephen's Cove, is a good har- bour for vessels, &c. — Descenle des Femmes is a bay on the N. K. side of the river, at the head of which is a smell rivulet. It forms a good, harbour for ships and lies about 42 miles from Tadoussac. It derives its name from the melancholy adventure of some Indian hunters, who, being reduced to the last extremity by hunger, sent their squaws in search of assistance and the women issued from the woods at this place. It lies in lat. 48° 22' 9' and Ion. 70' 11', and the tide rises about 17 feet. — Ha-Ha Bay or Baie des Has, called by the In- dians Heskuewaska, is on the 8. side of the river and so perfect in its resemblance to the main channel of the Saguenay, that voyagers are often misled by its appearance. There are various opinions as to the origin of its name, but the most prevalent opinion is, that it is thus called on ac- count of the sudden bend here formed by the river ; this unexpected detour induces the voyager to exclaim Hu-IIa ! being struck with surprise at seeing the opening of a new prospect. This bay, the point being doubled, is about 7 leagues from Chicoutimi, from which it is separated by a tongue of land 15 miles in breadth ; it is 19 leagues from the mouth "f the river. The outlines of this bay form a basin 2 J leagues in width and about 7, or as some assert 9, miles inland. The anchorage, which is very gowl, varies from lit to 35 fathoms, and the bay forms a harbour in which vessels of any she would find complete shelter from all winds. The land in its vicinity is good and fit for culti- vation, and the buy is Iwrdcrcd by prairies of con- sidcniblc extent. Into the head of the buy the rivers Wipuscoul and VuNigaiuenko run from the north. In the middle of the bay is a small rock which forms a little promontory on the north side. Ha-Ha Bay is supposed to be destined to become, in course of time, the entrepot of the Saguenay. —Hay Cove, or ^nse aux Foins, a little above Ot« tapeminche Cove, is a good harbour for schooners. — Ottf.psmnche Cove, a little above Big Rock Cove, is a gjoA harbour for boats. — Paddle Cove, on the s. side of the river, lies opposite the Tri- nity and is a good harbour. A league higher up on the same side is Little Paddle Cove, a good harbour for canoes. — Passi Pierre, about 3 leagues from Tadoussac, is a good harbour for schooners, shel- tered from the N. w. and s. w. and is a good fish- ing station ; nearly opposite are some small islands. — Pelletier's Bay, at a place called The Portage, the Saguenay is here 2 miles wide. In the w. part of this bay are 2 small islands, and on the n. b. side is the mouth of the R. Pelletier. It is a good harbour for vessels. — Ste. Catherine's Cove, in the mouth of the river and on the s. shore, would hold 50 vessels, which would be sheltered from all winds except the west. — St. John's Bay, on the s. side of the river, is 9 miles from the R. Ste. Mar- guerite and 21 from Tadoussac. It is about 3 miles wide at its mouth and extends 2 miles in- land ; its width at its head is very little less than one mile. In the w. part of it is a small island, and in the w. part of the head of this bay the an- chorage is very good and there is good shelter from all winds; there are also several battures on which G or 700 bundles of hay might be cut. The land here r.ppears susceptible of some cul- tivation, and the environs produce hay. There moy, on its banks, be about a league in depth of culturablc land (the slope of which is sufficiently gradual) lying between the b.iy and the highest part of the mountains. The soil consists in great part of blue and gray marl. About IG or lit miles in the interior there are considerable tracts of maple land, and the land appears very fit for cul- tivation and sufficiently level. A river from 2 to 3 chains wide falls into the k. side of this Bay; it is very rapid and runs in a rocky channel, wind- ing through a valley of about one mile wide, lying between two rocky banks, nearly parallel to each other. The soil in this valley is very good. The general course of this small river is from the 8. w. In this bay is a fishing station. — Hie. Marguerite Pai/ is on the n. side of the ri\ ; , n reef of rocks is seen to stretch auross its mouth at low water : SAOUENAY. at high water it is a safe harbour for schooners. There is but a small space of culturable land on the N. side of the bay, part of which crumbles down upon the beach and forms long balhires offend. Leaving the bay the river contracts to less than a mile. — St. Stephen's Cove, about 2 leagues from La Boule and 3 from Tadoussac, is a good harbour, sheltered from the n. w. It is about 1^ mile wide. The lessee of the posts has established a salmon fishery here. About 20 families might find means of subsistence in the neighbourhood of the cove. The sun-shine glistens on the surface of the rocks which surround it — Tadoussac Harbour is on the N. E. side of the mouth of the river ; it is shel- tered from almost every wind and is very deep. It is situated in Ion. 69° 13' w. and lat. 48° 6 44." The capaciousness of this harbour is variously re- presented ; some persons think that it could not contain above 5 or 6 vessels and even these would be under the necessity of carrying anchors ashore ; while others assert that it is capable of affording shelter and anchorage for a number of vessels of a large size, and that 25 ships of war might ride in safety. The highest tide rises 21 feet. The company holding the King's Posts have a post here for carrying on their trade with the Indians ; it comprehends nine buildings employed as stores, shops, &c. besides the post-house, which is 60 feet by 20, and a chapel of 25 feet by 20. A mis- sionary visits this post every year and passes some time. The only place of residence here is erected on a bank of sandy alluvium, elevated about 50 feet above the river, forming a flat terrace at the base of the mountain which suddenly emerges at a short distance behind. This residence is a neat one-story building of commodious size, having a very tolerable garden, which, with other culti- vated spots about the place, produces the vegetables for the inhabitants of the post. The scenery of the post, OS viewed from the river in coming up the harbour or doubling the point of L'Islet, is particularly pleasing. The traveller beholds with pleasure the red roof and spire of the chapel with the surrounding buildings, and the range of small field-pieces on the edge of the plain which extends to the foot of the mountains that rise to a considerable height, in many places discovering the naked rocks, or exhibiting the destructive effects of the fire that has thinned the woods which clothed their summits, leaving occasionally the tall pine clipped of its branches soaring above the dwarf growth of spruce and birch that has iuc« ceeded to the loftier timber. He likewise sees the beautiful growth of fir trees rising in as many cones upon the terrace, which was once the scat of the fortifications of the French, situated on the west side of the creek which runs down from the hills, whose craggy summits contrast with pe- culiar effect with the firs below. The harbour is formed by the peninsula or L'Islet, which sepa- rates it from the Saguenay on the s. w. and the main shore on the N. K., about a third of a mile across and near half a mile in depth at low woter, which rises 21 feet perpendicular in 5^ hours tide. The beach, on which there are extensive salmon fisheries, extends out a considerable distance, ma- terially contracting the dimensions of the harbour ; it is, however, secure and under shelter by the surrounding hills from most winds generally pre- valent in the St. Lawrence, except the southemly gales which may affect vessels at flood tide, as the small White Island and Battureaux-Allouettes are then covered and which shelter them at ebb tide. The entrance of the channel to the harbour of Tadoussac, or to the Saguenay, is intricate at the ebbing tide and for vessels descending the St. Lawrence, which must come almost abreast of the light-house on Green Island, bearing b. b. from the harbour, and then pass to the north of White Island at the extremity of the Shoal-aux- Allouettes and clear at the same time the shoal which sets out some distance from the N. e. point of the harbour : it is far less intricate fur vessels coming up from below. A light-house placed upon Red Island would very essentially facilitate the entrance into the harbour of Tadoussac, and would at the same time indicate the course to make the north channel of the St. Lawrence. The harbour is open for vessels and free from ice from May until the middle of December. At Tadoussac there is nothing calculated to arrest the eye of the agriculturist. Previous to the esta- blishment of a colony in Canada, this place was frequented for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade. The ice forms here much later than at Quebec and disappears much earlier, which is occasionetl by the extreme depth of the waters which are much more ^ tU than to the southwards, and by the prevalence of n. w. winds in spring and fall, which drive to the southwards all the broken ice which is formed at the mouths of the fresh water rivers. Vide Vol, I. p. 291 . — Trinity M M 2 i 1 i: ^ /i^ 1 ! t m SAGUENAY. |B,,i*,?- IW-'iv'v;! Il!i,i 'tliiu PI, :■.,:* Bay, 14 miles below Cap i I'Est, extends 1| mile inland and is about one mile wide at its mouth and * mile wide at its head ; it is bounded w. by veiy high rocks and e. by rocks of less elevation. This bay is a safe harbour in all winds and the anchorage is very good ; the depth of water varies from 10 to 30 fathoms. Near it is some cul- turable land, the hills sloping gradually to its margin. At its entrance Cap la Trinite rises to an elevation of not less than 800 feet, and part of it is cut perpendicularly with the surface of the Sa- guenay and its summit juts considerably over its base. Here the tide rises 21 feet perpendicular. Capes. — Cap a I' Est or East Cupe, is about 18 miles below Chicoutimi. Its base in some places presents the abrupt face of the cliff, and at others the broken masses of granite rock that crumble from the summit and are irregularly heaped to- gether, among which a few dwarf spruce and white birch attain a stunted growth. — Cap a V Quest or West Cape, is opposite Cap u I'Est ; here the width of the river is contracted to 48 chains. — Cap de la Triniti, 3 miles above St. John's Bay, is so called from 3 small peaks on its summit. It is at least 700, and Mr. Laterierc says 180U, feet high and its top very much over- hangs its base, and few travellers can pass under its impending dome without feeling the insig- nificance of man when compared v/ith such enor- mous masses poised on a just equilibrium by a power that forcibly awakens the idea of a divinity. Between this cape and another to the s. is a pi'etty little bay, into which runs a river one arpent wide, where the proprietor of the Posts has a salmon fishery, but where the culturable land is not: sufficiently extensive to induce the laborious agri- culturist to settle. — Cap Diamant or Diamond Cape; is nearly opposite St. John's Bay. — Cap St. Fru.i:,ois is a good harbour 1^ mile from the mouth of the b. Caribou. — Cap St. Joseph is 2^ miles from Cap St. Frangois and is a good har- Iiour. Islands. — Barlhelenit/ Isle, also called Cocquert Isle, in honour of tlie missionary whose tombstone is siill in the church at C^liicuutimi, is half a league above the mouth of the Little Saguenay river and forms a good harbour — I.ile St. Louis, half a league above tho it. Stc Marguerite and about 7 leagues from Tadoussac, is on the 8. side of the river. It is a large oblong mountain with no tJaees of vegetation, except moss anil snmll trees that grow in the crevices. It is about one league long and about a quarter of a league wide. It is said to be the first place that affords an- chorage from Tadoussac, aflbrding a safe harbour under shelter of the hill, where vessels may be moored in perfect securiiy. Half a league, io the N. w. is another circular rock surrounded by the waters of the Saguenay, also called Isle St. Louis, or which there is not a single tree. Some yicT- suns assert that there are 3 islands of this name, all lying together, and say that the one nearest to the mouth of the Saguenay is the largest and is about half a mile in length, on the s. side of the river, and that its s. k. end is about 13} miles from the mouth of the river ; and that the two others are niuv'h smal'er and lie near the n. shore. The Saguenay is here about 1 -| mile wide. Points. — Pointe aiuc Bouleaux or White Birch Point, lies on the s. w. side of the river, about 4 or 5 miles from Tadoussac. It is a piece of low, level and exceedingly rich land, forming the w. bank of the Saguenay at its junction with the St. Lawrence. It is bounded n. w. by the little ri- ver aux Canards or Duck River, on which mills might easily be erected, and a brook empties itself N. E. into St. Catherine's Cove ; this tract is other- wise well watered, and a small lake fed by a spring lies a few arpents from the St. Lawrence. The point forms an irregular square, extending -T of a league in front by one in depth, where it is bounded by the most desolate and arid mountains. The interior of this point is marshy and the tim- ber, with the exception of its borders, is nothing but small gray spruce ; on the border's are white birch, from which the point derives its name, also sapin, cedar and ash of tolerable siae. This spot certainly oilers very strong inducements to the settler, such us would instantly secure its occu- pation if granted. The principal plot of culturable ground may be said to be about 9 miles in super- ficies, on which 60 or 70 families or 400 souls might find subsistence and comfort. In its pre- sent condition an Indian family of 4 or u persons forced to stay upon it for three months succes- sively, at any season of the year, would most cer- tainly starve. The soil overlies a bed of clay and is composed of the usual vegetable mould, a rich loam and sometimes of a bed of sand, which to- gether give on average depth of soil of 12 or 15 inches. This place is remarkable for the quality of its clay aiul its iroa ore, chiefly magnetic iron .■ (: SAO ore. Tlie clay at Pointc aux Boulcaux and Pninte •ux Vaches, the two outermost tongues of the banks of the Saguenay at its mouth, occurs in immense beds, of which that at the first place is about 30 or 40 feet in thickness above ground, and that at the last place probably 200 feet ; both together extend- ing in superficies apparently 10 or 12 miles. This clay is extremely fine in its texture, and contains a good deal of lime and some iron. It has the pro- perty of crumbling when water is thrown upon it, as unslacked lime does, and might, by merely being spread out and exposed to the falls of rain, be- come an excellent manure for a soil having an ex- cess of acids, such as that of swamps, &c. &c. It is very probable that this clay will be successfully used in the manufacture of crockery and earthen- ware, and the abundance of it, the vicinity of fuel, and the advantages of good harbours for ex- port at the door of the manufacturer, would make it extremely valuable. The reef of rocks that projects from Pointe aux Bouleau runs about two miles out and forms a kind of half moon open to the eastward. In spring tides these rocks are entirely covered, but there is always a surf about them. At the end of these rocks there is a small sandy island never covered by water; this and the rocks are called Pointe et Batlvres aux Allou- ettes. The Batturesare the resort of large flocks of the different varieties of ox-birds. Fish abounds, particularly salmon. — French Point is a good har- bour for boats, &c. and is sheltered from the n. w. -^Greal Point is a good harbour. — Lonj Point is a little below Rocky Point. — Pointe aux Roches is 3 leagues below Chicoutimi. — Rockj Point is a good harbour for canoes. Rocks. — La Boule or The P.all, a large rock or mountain, is so called from its shape and remark- able for its height and form. It is 3 miles N. k. of the mouth of the Saguenay and about 6 miles from Tadoussac. It forms a good harbour for vessels against the N. \v. winds, and projecting much into the river its gigantic base straitens it and causes, when the tide ebbs, a strong cur- rent and counter eddy. The tide rises 18 feet perpendicular and the lowest waters never leave the foot of these natural ramparts, where the depth of the water is so great that there is no an- chorage. The banks of the river are here steep, and Jlr. Laterrii're snys from 15 to 1800 ft. high and are of primitive granite — Pictures, 4 leagues bjlow Ha-IIa Bay, are so called because the sur- S T face of the rocks is smooth and, at a distance, these rocks look like pictures. From the mouth of the Saguenay to 1^ mile above Barthelemy or Cocquert Isle, the banks of the Saguenay ore formed of high and steep rocks, almost all of which are of a round shape. Vide Vol. I. Saournay, Pktitb, river, empties itself into the 8. side of the Saguenay, about 4 miles below St. John's Bay. Though the Petite Saguenay is an inconsiderable stream, similar to the St. Charles near Queljoc, it forms a good harbour at its mouth, well sheltered from all winds ; the anchorage, however, is very dangerous on account of large stones scattered here and there. In the western part of the bay or harliour are two small islands, and a river which runs between two high rocks and falls into the bottom of the bay. Here is a fishing station. St. Ahbroise (V. and P.), v. St. Gabriel, S. St. Andre (V. and P.), v. Rivikrb ov Loup, S. St. Andrews, a village in the seigniory of Argenteuil (vide Arcjenteuil, S.), is allowed by all travellers to be beautifully situated and requiring only a few touches from the hand of art to render it truly delightful. It is seated on the North River that flows through it and is navigable for steam-boats as far as the village, which is already become extensive and contains 2 churches, and the erection of another for Roman catholics is in contemplation. There are several schools, a com- missioner's court, numerous tradesmen and me- chanics of every description, several well-stocked stores and commodious inns. The natural advan- tages which this village possesses, with the beauty of its situation, conspire to make it a place of great promise ; and as the country in general in- creases in prosperity it will, without doubt, rise in riches and consequence. Nine public n>nds centre in this village, four of which lead direct to Jlontrcal, viz. the 8t. Pennit, the Riviere Rcvje, the C6:e St. Pierre, the Rlrjaud, and Brown's Vol- ley ; two roads lead to the Ottawa ; and the Ucach Ridycs and Cliule roads communicate witii the settlements on the North River. All these roads jwint to the village of .St. Andrews as the most central place of that part of the county. This village is also remarkable for (mssessing tlie first paper mill built in the British provinces of Nortli America; it was commenced by a joint-stock company iu 1804, and in the following year busi- (^. I ; a ,, ^: IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ tii ^S ^^ §22 II 1 1 ? 1^ y£ 11-25 HI U ^ Fholographjc Sdences Corporation ^ 4^ 4^ O ^. ^. 23 WIST MAIN ITRHT WntTIR.N.V. I4SM (7U)l7-i-4S03 \ 8 T E nesi wai oomineneed with very little prospect of tUGceM : a few yean afterwuda the pment pro- prietor, James Brown, Esq. of Montreal, took the concern upon himself and with difficulty main- tained it. The principal building is about 80 ft. long and is beautifully situated on a platform op- posite the bridge which joins the two parts of the Tillage and the mail road leading to the settle- ments on the Ottawa. St. Anob Oardibn (P.), v. Cote oe Bbau- PRE, S. Ste. Anme (P.), V. Cote db Beauprb, 8. Stb. Anne (P.), v. Montreal. Ste. Anne (P.), v. Varenneb, S. Stb. Anne Desplainbb (P.), v. Mille Isles. Ste. Anne de Yamachichb (P.), v. Oros- BOIS, S. 8te. Anne, river, in the counties of Portneuf and Charoplain, rises in the rear of Stonebam, in the co. of Quebec, and forms in the first part of its course the river Talayorle. It descends s. across the rear part of the S. of Fausembault ; it then traverse*! Bourglouis, receiving there a con- siderable increase from a stream that descends in a parallel direction from fief Hubert; it then tra- verses across D'Auteuil and Jacques Cartier and, cutting off the a. e. angle of Perthuis, it waters the rear portions of Deschambault and Lu Chc- vroti^re to La Tesserie, where it receives the Ri- vidrc Noire, which descends from a lake abounding with fish called uong Lake. The Ste. Anne then runs diagonally across Orondines and enters the 8. of Ste. Anne, where it falls into the St. Law- rence, forming several islands at its mouth. Its course being about 70 miles and the extension of its branches about 25 miles, the river Ste, Anne may be said to drain about 1750 square miles. The course of this river is rapid and through a very mountainous country. The land near the banks of the river, following its windings and not in a straight line, is susceptible of cul- ture for about 7 or 8 leagues ; but the timber is not very good, except at some points of the river where there are some elms. — In a little isle, on which is the boundary of the fief (}orgendi6re in the S. of Deschambault, and at the foot of a cataract about 38 or 30 ft. high a prodigious number of trout, of astonishing voracity, are caught with the hook and sometimes with the dart. Salmon fishing in the Ste. Anne is also very con- sideniUe and might be improved to great profit : STE this fish is caught with a dart by fhe light of a torch placed on the prow of the boat, but as it is principally found above the rapids the fishing is dangerous.— At the mouth of this river, in flood tide, the water is about 400 yard; wide and 10 or 12 fk. deep and easily admits boats and schooners to load and unload ; these craft are there protected from the ice during winter. Higher up, this r. is interrupted by many falls and rapids, by which and the shallowness of the water it is rendered unnavigable. The banks are low near its mouth* but farther up they are much higher and in some places rocky, but generally covered with fine timber. Ste. Anne, river, in the co. of Kamouraska, rises in the t. of Ashford and intersecting the s. angle of St. Roch des Aulnais enters Ste. Anne ; then running to the middle of the rear line it traverses the centre of that seigniory circuitously and falls into the St. Lawrence. Stb. Anne, river, in Cdte de Beauprb, rises and runs through unexplored waste lands into that seigniory, where being joined by the r. Lom- brette it divides the parishes of St. Joachim and St. Fereol and falls into the St. Lawrence at the E. comer of the parish of Ste. Anne. A bridge has lately been erected over this river. The Rapids of Ste. Anne are swift and shallow, and offer se- rious impediments in ascending the river. There are several fulls in the river, but the most cele- brated are 2 miles above the village of Ste. Anne. As the traveller proceeds to visit these interesting falls, and us the road ascends a part of the way up the mountain, there are seen splendid prospects of Quebec and the adjacent country ; but without a glass, from the distance, the scenery in the back ground is rather indistinct. Having attained the level, a rough path for nearly I| mile conducts the visitor, after a sudden descent, into a most solitary vale of nicks and trees, almost a natural grotto, through the centre of which the stream rushes until it escapes by a narrow channel be- tween the rocks, and continues roaring and tum- bling with augmenting velocity. From below there is a striking view of the cataract, which combined with the natural wildneas and extra- ordinary features of the scenery defies description ; the painter alone could convey to the mind the representation with effect. Stb. Annb or Mabcovcrx, river, in the cos. of Ttrrcbonne and Lachenaye, rises near the par- t T E. ANNE. tition line «>f BlainviUe and Riviere du Ch^e. It ruiu through a part of Deaplaines and Ter- rebonne and travenes the S. of Lachenaye to L'Auomption, where it makes an immediate and sharp turning backward* and re-enters Lachenaye, where it waters the village of St. Henry, and after a very meandering course in that S. falls into the B. St. Jean, or Jesus, at the N. k. comer of the S. of Terrebonne. Ste. Anns, seigniory, in the co. of Chaai- plain, with Its 3 augmentations, is bounded n. h. by Les Orondines; a. w. by Ste. Marie and Ba- tiican ; in the rear by waste lands and in front by the St. Lawrence.— This property was granted as follows : SK. Annr, 8, BreaJlh and depth. DaleorgMnt. To whom Rtintci, Cnnlenlii in i^uarr Originil Onuit . I»t Augmentatioii 2nd Ditto 3rd Ditto lA lei«uei by 1 2 Ditto 3 2 Ditto U 2 Ditto 3 Oct. 29, l«72 Mtr. 4, I0U7 Oct. 30, 170(» Apr. 20, I7:«a Sieuts Sueur and Lanaudiere Mart^eritc Dcnii, widow of Lanaudi^ Thoma* Tarleu, Sieur de la Pcrade Thoinaa Tarieu, Sieur de la Perade 3 « u^i The original grant extends in front from Les Orondines to the mouth of the river Ste. Anne ; the augmentations extend in breadth from Les Orondines to Batiscan, equal to the breadth of the original grant and that of the S. of Ste. Marie. This property now belongs to the Hon. John Hall. The front of this seigniory is so low as to be inundated in the spring by the rising of the St. Lawrence, but this temporary inconvenience con- tributes greatly to the luxuriance of the fine mea- dows that border the river. The soil is sufficiently fertile, and consists of a light stndy earth on a reddish clay about the front, but towards the rear it is a mixture of yellow loam and black mould ; altogether it is very productive in grain of all kinds, and most other articles of general growth. The quantity of land under cultivation amounts to nearly SOU lots or farms, somewhat irregularly dispersed along the r. iStc. Anne and at the descent of it small ridge, that stretches across theS. a short distance from the front. Very little of the augmentations is cultivated ; they are almost entirely in woodland, producing timber of all kinds and some of excellent growth and great value: the quality of the land, as indicated by the various kinds of wood growing ujmh it, is very good. — Watered by the rivers Batisran and Hte. Anne, with a few other streams of not much conse- quence ; both these rivers arc large but scarcely at all navigable. On the east side of the R. Ste. Anne and near the St. Lawrence is the VUlage nf Sle. Anite, containing about 40 houses, a neat chunih 140 ft. by (JU, a parsonage-house and a chapel ; here are also a few shopkeepers and an ini with good accommodations, where the stage- coaches put up, and also a post-house. At the village is a ferry, where canoes and scows are always to be had for transporting travellers, car- riages, &c. the river is here so shallow that large boats are shoved across with poles : the charge for each person is three-pence and one shilling for u horse and carriage. The property of this ferry was granted in perpetuity by letters patent to the late Hon. C. de Lanaudi^re, his heirs, &c. Owing to the inundation during the spring, the main road from Quebec is farther retired from the bank of the St. Lawrence at this place than at most others; it pusses along the ridge or eminence until it arrives near the village, where it resumes its usual direction. On both sides of the river Ste. Anne there are roads that follow its course through several seigniories to the north-cast. The manor- house, agreeably situated near the {Mtint formed by the Ste. Anne and the St. Lawrence, is sur- rounded by excellent gardens and many fine groups of beautiful trees. — There is one stone-built corn- mill which drives 2 sets of stones. — The I'arith of Ste. Ahm, by an order in council of Mar. 3, 173* which confirms the regulations of Feb. 20, 1721, extends 2^ leagues fronting the St. Lawrence, in- cluding the S. of Ste. Anne, 1 ^ league, and ^ league of the S. of Hte. Marie, from which it extends in a straight line to the S. of Batiscan. — There is no road arrtHM the non-conceded lands in this H., nor are they surveyed. The ctmrcMions grunted before 17fiU were generally ranted in com and mooey. S T E S T E I '\ and the amounts raried. — At tlie mouth of the Ste. Anne lie the ides, St. Ignace, Ste. Margue- rite, du Large, and du Sable, which belong to the 8. ; they are low but yield fine pasture and some good meadow land ; being well clothed with wood they afford several very pleasing prospects. Statittici. PopuUtion 8,436 Churcht'*, R. C. 1 Cur^i . . 1 Villaget . ■ 1 Corn-miU* . ] Cardin^-mills 1 Saw.millii . 5 Potuherie* . 8 Medical men 8 Notariei . 3 Shopkcoprri 5 Tavemi . 8 Artiians . 85 jHmual AgHeuHurttl Produce. BiuhcU. 1 BuiheU. Wheat . 15,380 1 PoUtoes 80,000 UhU . 19,500 iPeai . 8,100 Barley . 800, Buihcli. Buck.wheat 1,560 Indian corn 580 Live Slock. Hones . 600 Oxen . 878 CowH . 8,100 Sheep . 4,360 Swine . 1,800 TUk.—" Conceiaion du 80nie Ortobre, 1078, faite par JeaH Talim, Intendant, aux Sieura Sueur ct tntiaudirre, de I'^trnduc de la terre qui se truuve sur le AeuveSf. Laurent, au lieu dit dei Gnmdtnei, depuis eelle appartenante aux Keligieuiei de I'HApitalde Qnihec, jusqu'a la Riviere Ste. Anne, icelle comprise, liur unt- licuc de profondcur, avec Ja quantity de terre quIli ont acquis du Sieur Ilamelln." —Mgitire d'lMteHdaHce, \o. \, folio 15. Augmentation *• Concessiuii du 4me Man, 1607, par Loui4 de Buade, Gouvemeur, et Jean Boeharl, Intuiidaiit, faite i Marguerite Denit, veuve du Siour de Lunaudiire, de troia licuei de terre de profondeur derriCre la terre et SeiKiieurie de Ste. Anne, aur toute la largeur d'ieelle, et eelle des Sieun de Sueur et IlamcHn, avec les iaiea, islets et baturea non-conctd^s qui ac trouvent dniis la ditc Ctendue; la dite profondeur tenant d'un car le Marquit de Bfauhamuit, Uoiivenirur, et GUlet Hocauart, Intendant, i Mr. Thomat Tariru, Sieur de la Perade,d'une ^tendue de terre de trois lieues de pro- fondeur, il prendre derri^re ct sur la mime largeur de la Concession du ;jOme Octobre, 1700." — ttigittre d" Intend- met. No. T folio, 31. Ste. Annr, seigniory, in the co. of Oasp£, ad- joins the N. K. angle of Cape Chat. It is half a league in front on the St. Lawrence by one league in depth, extending a quarter of a league above and below the R. Ste. Anne. It was granted, Nov. 38, 1688, to Sieur Riverin. attttittieB. Population . . 43| Keel boats . . 4 Annual Agricultural Produce, Bushels. Biubela. Cat! . . . 80fPoUtoci . . 150 Live Stock. Cowa . . .9 TUle.—" Concession du 88me Novembrc, 1688, faite par Jacquei de Britny, Gouvemeur, et Jean Bochart, In> tendant, au Sieur Bivefin, de la riviere Ste. Anne, situ^e aux monts Notre Dame, dann le deuve St. Laurent, avrc une demi lieue de front sur le dit fleuve, moiti^ audessua et I'autre moitii audessous de la dite riviere, icelle non comprise dans la dite etendue, sur une lieue de profondeur dam les terrea."_il conciiUes."— if/f^ffre tTlnltudaHcr, Ko, l,Jblio 0. 8r. Antoinb, parish, in the 8. of Contrecsur, extendi 2 leagues in fhmt and 100 arpents in depth. It contains 3 eonoessions entirely settled. The village consists of 22 houses, including an inn ; and there is one school, which is supported by the inhabitants. The church is 100 ft- by 40. All the mills are turned by wind, and there are 6 for grinding com, 4 of them in the front con- cession and 2 in the second ; there are also two saw-mills. The cattle is of the Canadian breed, and agricultural labour is chiefly performed with horses, and the English cart is used. One third of the grain produced is sold, and also some manu- factured stuffs, the inhabitants making more thun sufficient for their use. The land and the rouds are generally good. PopiilHlion 1,070 CbiirvlieB H. C. 1 Curfs . . I SchooU . . 1 Statulic$. Vill»KPR . . 1 Curii-iniiU . (i Saw-millB . . i Shojikri'pers 3 Tavtrnit . . i ArtiBuns . .14 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buihcli. Wheat . 13,(K)r> OatB . lO.SIX) IJarlcy . l;» PotatocB da,Xfa BuihtU. 1 Buiheli. Peas . )./J(N) ! Mixed grain . WK) Rye 000 Maple lUffar, Indian com :jOO IbH. 3,000 Live Slock. Howes . 700 Oxen . 400 CowB . 1,000 Sheep . 4^000 Swine . . 600 St. Antoinx (P.), v. Lavaltrir, S. St. Antoinb (P.), i;. Lotbinirrr, 8. St. Antoinr (V. and P.), v. Rivirrr dv Loup, S. St. Antoinr (S. V. and P.), v. Tilly, S. St. Antoinb' db Pbbadb (P.), v. Lon- ouruil, B. St. Armand, seigniory, in the co. of Missiskoui, is bounded r. by Sutton ; w. by Missiskoui Bay ; N. by Stanbridge and Durham ; s. by the province line. — Granted, Sept., 1 748, to Sicur Nicolas Rind Levasscur, and is now the property of the heirs of the late Hon, Thomas Dunn. According tu the terms of the original grant, this seigniory ought to have an extent of 6 leagues in front by 3 in depth ; but as the boundary line of the United States in- tersects it, there is not now more than 1 j league of it in that direction within the British territor}'. The greater part of the land is of a superior qua- lity, affording good situations and choice of soil for every species of cultivation ; the surface is irregular, and in some places, particularly towards N N ( j <] \l ST. A R M A N D. Suttoo, ridget rite to • ooniidenbk height and mmy large nrellt appratch alraoet to mountaiiM, covered with beech, birch, maple and pine tim- ber. The ihores of the ba^ aeuth of the village arc rather hi^, with a gcBtlc dope down to the water's edge ; but they lubride to the general level on advandng towards the head of the bay. As the soil near the bay is generally considered better adapted to com than pasture, wheat is there par- ticularly cultivated. Here are several fine ap^e orchards from which cider is made, aad it may be useful to remark, that young apple-trees are planted on the farms in general in the eastern townships. — This property is well situated for im- provement, as it adjoins the state of Vermont, with good roods in every direction, besides the main road that runs through Philipsburg to Albany by Burlington and Vcrgcnnes, and which is the most direct line of communication with New York. The high roads leading to the United States, and even the cross-roads, are all good: on the county-road, leading from Fre- lightsburg to St. John's, called Kempt Road, i220OO have been expended by the commissioners ; 10 miles of it leads over a bad swamp, and on the road various bridges are erected. — The first settle- ment was made in 1 785 by some Dutch loyalists. — This seigniory is not well timbered with pine and oak, but other kinds are plentiful. — The principal stream is Pyke River, on which and other minor streams are many com and saw-miUs. — There are 4 villages in St. Armand, Frelightsburg, Phi- lipsburg, Huntsburg, and Martin Village. Fre- lighuburg stands in the 13th range, on the b. side of Pyke River, delightfully situated at a short distance v. from the base uf St. Armand's Mountain, in a picturesque valley. It consists of a church and fiO dwelling-houses, one quarter of which are brick, and as many two stories high. The viUage and the mountain embellish each other reciprocally, the view from the pinnacle borrowing much interest from the gay settle- ments below it, and this village is beautifully set olF by the lofty hill that rises magnificently from it. From the wmmit of Pinnacle Mountain the prospect a. is peculiarly remarkable, whence the Vermmit HUls and settlements are traced to their union with the moantaiBs and settlements of Lower Caaada, with whjdi they are blended, as it were, under the eye of the observer, being merely divided by an imaginary line ef latitude that defines the dominions of the respective powers. The sitaation of this village, being the centrical point from which no leu than 6 im- portant public roads diverge, marks it out as the prq>er place where a court-house and gaol should be erected. Frelightsburg being so near the pro- vince line u much resorted to by insidvent debtors. Its name is derived from its original founder, Mr. Frelight, who established it in 1800, and whose family hdd the com and saw-mills and also the curding and fulling machine, which are situated in the centre of the village, on Pyke River. Two annual fairs are held in this village, one on the first Wednesday in March and the other on the last Wednesday in September. — The Village of Philipsburg is conveniently situated on the edge of the bay, about one mile from the province line ; it is a handsome place, containing about 30 houses exceedingly well built with wood, many of them in the peculiar style of neatness common to the Dutch and the others more in the fashion of the American than the Canadian villages : some regard has been paid to regularity in the formation of the principal street, which has a lively and agreeable appear- ance ; between this street and the bay are many storehouses, with wharfs for landing goods at a short distance from them. Afany of the inha- bitants are employed in trade and mercantile pur- suits, besides artisans, and perhaps more than a due proportion of tavern-keepers. On the south side of the road, leading from the village to the eastern part of the seigniory, is a handsome church built with wood and a good parsonage-house; there are also two baptist meeting-houses, a pub- lic free-school, and several private schools ; from the wharfs there is n ferry to the opposite side of the bay, about 4 miles. ST ST StatiitiaU meetmKt cftke Vitttfti of Frtlight$bwg and PUIiptburg. ViUat» Frelighuburg PhilipibuTg I 280 840 520 Isoliio 80 9 4 4 84^ 1.12 i« 3 i 1 411 1 i ii i ( Martin Village is 7 miles east of Philipsburg, and Huntsburg is almost on tbe province line. — The Pinnacle Mountain covers about 600 acres and rises in a conical shape to a considerable height; it is seen at a great distance in the surrounding country. Between Philipsburg and the boundary- line is a high ridge of land, on which General Mttcombe encamped in March, 1813, when he made an incundon into the province and held possession of the village for some time. — Among the inconveniences, under which this prosperous part of the province labours, may be enumerated the want of courts of justice, the want of a direct road to Montreal, its vicinity to the province line, with no means of bringing offenders to immediate justice, and, lastly, the inadequate remuneration allowed to those who endeavour to convey of- fenders to Montreal, in consequence of which many escape. Stathtics. Population 2,919 [ Fulling-mills Churches, R. C. 3 ; Saw.mills Cur#» Schools Villages Com>miltR . Cardiiig-mills 2 1 Tanneries . 4 1 Hat-manufact. 3 ' Potteries . 6 I Potasheries 2 ! Pearlasheries 2 Breweries . 2 8 Distilleries . 3 2 Medical men 2 1 Notaries 2 2 Shopkeepers 15 4 Taverns U 4 Artisans 45 Wheat . Oats Barley Potatoes Horses Oxen Annual AgricHUiiral Produce. Buihrli. I Buihdi. I Bu.hel«. 41,970 Peas . 11,000 i Ind. com 18,000 45,000 Rye . 500 .Maple sugar, . 6,000 1 Buck wht 10,000 cwts. 2,000 90^0001 1,502 I Cows 1,906 I Sheep Live Stock, 42001 Swine 8,0051 1,700 Tille.—" Concession du 23me Septembre, 1748, fuite par Rottand Michel Barrin, GoHvemeur, et Franfoit Bigot, Intendant, au Sieur Xicolat Riui Levaiicur, de six lieues de terre de front sur trois lieues de profondcur le long de la riviire de Mlniikoui, dans le lac Champlain, les ditcs six lieues k prendre k huit arpens au dessous de la pre- miere chute qui se trouve 4 trois lieues de profondeur de la dite rivi*re, en remontant la susdite riviere de Miiiii- kouV—Rigittre d'lnlendttnce, ^o. 9,/uHo 35. St. Auoustin (S. P. and V.), v. Dxbiiaubr, S. St. Aulnes, river, crosses Montapeine and Martiniere and runs into Lauzon. St. Barbk (P.), t;. Lakk of Two Moun- tains, S. St. Barbe (P.), in the F. of Aubert deL'IsIc. St. Barnabe, seigniory, in the co. of Rimouski, is bounded N. e. by Lessard ; a. w. by Rimouski ; in the rear by waste lands ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — 1{ league in front by 2 leagues in depth. Granted, Mar. 11, 1751, to Sieur Le- page de St. Baniatx'. — This grant includes Pointe aux Peres or Father's Point, with the isles and islets in front of it, excepting the island of St. Bamab^, which belongs to the S. of Rimouski. In this S. are some settlements in as favourable condition as the soil and climate will admit. The Rimouski Portage road runs along the front. Tim- ber of good quality is abundant. Title. — " Concession du lime Mara, 1751, faite par le Marquis de /« Joiti/uUrr, Gouvemeur, et Franfoii Btgut, Intendant, au Sieur Lcpiige de St. Banmbf, de cinij quarts de lieue de terre de front, sur deux lieues de profundcur, avec les rivieres, isles et islets qui se trouveront au devaiit du dit terrein, k prendre depuis la concession accordee au feu Sieur Roucr de la Cardoniire, en descendant au Nord- est, jusques et compris la pointe de L'lsle aux Pirei, de mani^re qu'il se trouvera avoir trois lieues et un quart de front, sur deux lieues de profondcur, qui seront bom/>es en total a la concession des reprrsentans de feu Sieur dc Vitri au Sud-ouest, et au Nord-est a la pointe de L'IsIc aux Pire:"—Rigi»tre d'lntendance, No. ft,filio 77. St. Benoit (P.), V. Lake of Two Moun- tains, S. St. Blain, fief, is a dismembered part of the S. of Vercheres, and is 23 arpents in front by 2 leagues in depth. Divided from Vercheres by an act of partition, Sept. 1686. It now belongs to Madame de Boucherville. The soil is generally a blackish friable mould, which, moderately well managed, is productive. About ^ of this f. is under tillage. Title — " Ce fief est une partie demembrfe dc la Sel- gneurie de Verchirt$, comme il paroit par un acte de Koi N N 2 i H. ^w 'f il ■ ni 8 T et Hommage icndu devwit Mr. Begim, alon Intendant,!* ISme Fivner, 1783, fondi sur un wste de partage du I5nie Septembra, lGH6,.«uivaiit lecjuel le front de ce fief com- mence it la ligne de liparatton entre !«• Seigneuriea de Verchirei et de SI. Mickel, et contient vingt-tnii> arpem de front lur deux lieue* de profondeur, sur le rumo de vent ordinaire des conceision* de la Seigneiuie de Ver- thire." — RigUtre dei Foi et Hommage, Mio 3, datie 30me Janvier, 1723. Ste. Cathbbink (P.), V. Faubbhbault, S. Stb. Cathkrine's Bay, v. Saousnay, R. St. Cesaire (P.), v. St. Hvacinthb, S. St. Charles (P.), v. Livaudibre, S. St. Charles Boroubb (P.), v. Notre Dame DES AnOES, S. St. Charles B&onK. ii the 8: of Lanonye, is a small stream that rises in Lavaltrie and running n. k. joins the Little Chaloupe. Sr. Charles, river, in the S. of Pointe du Luc, is a small stream running into Lake St. Peter. St. Charles (R. and L.) The river, called by the Indians Cabi, Coubai on account of its windings and raeanderings, is formed by the union of several streams that rise in the s. section of the t. of Stone- ham, in the co of Quebec. It then descends into the fief St. Ignace, where it expands into a beautiful lake, to which it lends its name. Soon after it has issused from this lake it receives the united waters of two small streams that run from lakes Segamite and Sebastian, with this addition it bends suddenly to the a. and takes in the tributary stream of Nelson River. It then passes the In> dian Village and rolls over a steep and irregular rock 30 ft. high, forming a beautiful and romantic cataract. In passing a mill which is under the fall the current becomes extremely narrow, and for the space of 3 miles is bounded by woody banks, on which are frequent openings cut through the trees, disclosing the rushing waters. The ra- pidity of the stream opposed by rocks produces a quantity of white foam upon its gloomy surface, accompanied by murmuring sounds. The water- fall with the smaller cascades above it, the mill, the bridge, the village and the distant hills form an agreeable landscape. From this cataract the river descends in numerous and graceful curva- tures to the St Lawrence, into v.hich it fulls a little above the City of Quebec, forming an estuory which is almost dry at low water, witli the ex- ception of the bed of the river, and offers a con- venient strand for river craft and boats. — Lake St. (Jharh's, about 13 miles from the City of Quebec, 8 T and nearly 6 miles from Lorette, is a sweetly re- tired spot and an enchanting picture, and, though lying in a low flat country, is surrounded by mountainous forests highly picturesque and ro- mantic; as it abounds in fish it is doubly in- viting. Its outline is very irregular ; its length rather more than 4 miles and its greatest breadth does not exceed one mile: a narrow strait pro- jects nearly across, dividing its waters into almost equal parts. This lake affords one of the most exquisitely picturesque scenes in the province. The margin presents an appearance at once wild, romantic, and delightful; the devious course of the low banks forms numerous little bays and headlands, where the trees to the water's edge complete, by the variety of their foliage and gra- dation of size as they rise upon the different slopes, one of the richest views that can delight an admirer who prefers a prospect adorned only by the hand of nature. This charming panorama, during the spring and summer, is frequently visited on account of its arcadian beauty : the road lead- ing to it from Quebec passes all the way by the side of the river St. Charles, and by its embellish- ments greatly heightens; the satisfaction of those who make the excursion, and whence no one re- turns without ample gratification. St. Charles, seigniory, in the co. of Richelieu, is bounded N. e. by St. Denis ; 8. w. by Rouville ; in the rear by St. Hyucinthe ; in front by the river Richelieu. It contuins 2 square leagues and was granted. Mar. I, 1695, to Sieur Hertel de la Fresniire; it is now the property of the Hon. P. D. Debartach — The land, generally, is not surpassed in fertility by any thut surrounds it : the soil most prevulent is a tine strong loam ; in some places there is a rich vegetable mould upon a stratum of clay, and in others a mixture of clay and sand: an inconsiderable proportion remains uncultivated. The mode of husbandry is very fair, and is generally rewarded with abundant harvests. The populution of the settled parts is somewhat above the numerical rutio in proportion to their extent. — The lower part of the seigniory is watered by the Kiviire des Hurons, and the north-east or upper angle is crossed by the little river Miot. — The houses are scattered about the concessions, but there is no village, although there are a few houses round the church, which is de- dicated to St. Charles, which, with the parsonage- house, stand on the bank of the Richelieu, about St midwaj between the lateral boundaries ; and near the Hune ipot is a handaome nunor-house, where the proprietor resides. At the western extremity of the front the Richelieu, by a sudden turn, spreads to a breadth of more than half a mile, in which ex- pansion there are two small islands, calles les Isles aux Cerfs, which form part of the seignorial property . All the lands are disposed of except 5 concessions, of which two extend 3 arpents by 40 each, two, 3 arpents by 30 each, and the 5th measures from 10 to 12 arpents in depth ; each of these concessions has its road excepting the end of the 5th. The rent of the old-conceded lands is 1 sol per super- ficial arpent, and the rent of the more recent con- cessions is one quart of wheat per superficial ar- pent. The obstacles that retard the settlement of non-conceded lands in this S. are stated to be the expensive process necessary to make water-courses, the difficulty of conveying the necessary materials on account of the badness of the roads, and the want of money. Population 1,681 Churches, R.C. 1 Currs . . 1 Presbyteries . 1 Schools . 1 Statistics. Com-mills . Hut manufact. Potasheries . Pearlasheries Just of peace Medical men Notaries Shoplceepers Taverns Artisans . . 1 1 4 2 10 Aiitiual Agricultural Produce. ^Vheat Oats Bailey Horses Oxen Buiheli. I Buiheli. BuiheU. 15,600' Potatoes 26,000 Rye . . 90 6,500 ' Peas . 2,000 : Indian com 350 2,600 1 I Live Stock. eji I Cows 680 1 Sheep 1,210 I Smne 3,400 1 950 Title.—" Concession du ler Mars, 1G95, faite par Louit dc Buadr, Gouvemeur, ct .' ^t Bochart, Intendant, au Sieur Hertel de la Fretniei.. o" (Icux lieues de terre de front 8ur autaiit de profondeii V cummeiirer du cote du sud de la riviire JRichiiieu aux tii res du Sii'ur Roiivillf, les ditcs deux lieues de front suivant et cotoyant la dite ri> vifre, en descendant du c6t^ de Snrel, et les dites deux lieues de profondeur courant du c6t* du i\xA."—liigirtre d'lntetidance, Ifo. i, folio 80. St. Charles d'Yamaska, seigniory, in the CO. of Richelieu, is bounded N. s. by Bourgmariu East ; 8. w. by St. Ours ; in the rear by De Ram- say; in front by the Yamaska, coivprising the isles, islets and battures in front of the S. in that river. Granted, Aug. 14, 1701, to Sieur Rcn6 Fesiret, and is now the property of Mrs. Bar- row. The best and only cultivated part lies along the bank of the river, and extends only a short 8 T E distance from it, producing -grain in moderate abundance. With the exception of this tract the 8. is nearly all woodland, in some places bearing the appearance of a soil that might be made pro- fitaUe if cultivated with industry and a little ■kill Title.—" Concession du Hme AoAt, 1701, faite par Hector de CalMre, Oouvemeur, et Jean Bochart, In- tendant, au Sieur Bini FUiret, d'une lieue et deinie de tern en superficie dans la riviere de Yamatka, icelle com- prise, i prendre du cAt^ du sud de la dite riviere, tirant sud-est, tenant d'un bout k la Concession du feu Sieur Bourchemin, et de Itiutrc aux terres non-concMees, avec in isles, isleta, prairies et battures adjacentes." — KSgietre tTImtendance, ATo. i,/blio 33. Str. Claire, seignioiy, in the co. of L'Islet, is bounded n. b. by the aug. to Vincelot ; s.w. by Foumier and waste lands ; in the rear by waste lands ; in front by Oagn6 and Cap St. Ignace. — About 1 league in breadth by 2 in depth. Granted, Mar. 17> 1603, to Rene Lepage. The land is very uneven, but moderately good; the timber is of great variety and superior quality. Population, 1300. Title.—" Concession du I7me Mars, 1693, faite par Lot,it tie Buade, Gouverneur, et Jean Buchart. Intvnduiit, i Rinl Lepage, d'une lieue de terre de front i prendre i une ligne qui sera tir^ au Nord-est et Sud-ouest, pour terminer lu profondeur de la concession du Sieur CouUlard de FEplnatf, situie \ la riviere du Sud, avec deux lieues de profondeur, joignant d'un cbtt au Nord-est la prolonga- tion de la ligne qui fuit la separation des terres du dit Sieur de CEpinat/y d'avec celle du Sieur Amiot de Vince- lot ; d'autre cote, au Sud-ouest, les terres non-conc^dees ; d'un bout, au Nord-ouest, la dite ligne qui termine la pro- fondeur de la terre du dit Sieur de I'Epinay, et d'autre bout au Sud-est une autre ligne paralUle qui terminera les dites deux lieues de profondeur."— A^fMre d' Intend- ance, Lettre D. No. *, folio 12. St. Cloud, river, is a small stream that rises in the s. w. part of the S. of Laprairie, and run- ning N. crosses the road from St. John and soon after joins the r. St. Lambert. St. Constant (P.), v. La Salle, S. Ste.Cruix, river, in the S.ofGuuflre, rises in the concession St. Cruix and runs into the R. du Oouffre. It turns u suw-mill. Stk. Croix, seigniory, in the co. of Lotbini^re, is bounded n. b. by Bonsecours, Despluines, and St. Giles ; s. w. by the S. of LotbiniOre and its aug. and the t. of Nelson ; in the rear by the t. of Leeds ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — Theoriginal title of this concession has not been found; but it appears, from the registers of fealty and homage, that a declaration, exhibited by a notary, proved that the Dames Rcligieuses Ursulines possessed I It ST 8T ^fll|ii the wignioiy of Ste. CSfoix, eontaining one letgoe in front by ten in depth, which was greated to them 16th Jan., 1637, and oonfinned by M. I«u. ■on, the governor, 6th Mar^ 1652: it itill n- mains the property of the mnrmt i On the hi|^ and steep bank of the St. Lawrence the soil is a light-coloured loam, greatly improved by a very superior style of cultivation. Receding thenoe, the land decreases in height and the soil dianges to a rich dark mould, which continues for some miles and then declines into extensive swamps, covered with cedar, hemlock, black ash and spruce iir : with the exception of the wet lands, the whole seigniory is abundantly clothed with fine timber of all sorts. Xo stream of magnitude is to be met with throughout the whole tract. The extent of non- conceded lands susceptible of cultivation isSleagues hy 7^. There is no road across these lands, nor have they been surveyed. The farms granted before 1 759 were 2 or 3 arpents in front by 30 or 40 in depth, paying one sol for quit-rent, with fines on aliena- tion, according to the custom of Paris, besides 20 sols and a capon for each front arpent. — A con- siderable number of persons arc in a state to make new settlements in this S., and the quality of the lands is in general excellent. It is thought that the lumber trade retards the settlement of land in this S. No one goes to settle in the townships, there being at present an abundance of uncon- ceded lands in the S. Population 1,556 Churches, R.C. 1 Curps . . . 1 Statistics. Com-milU . Saw-mills . Notaries Shopkeepers . 2 Taverns . . 1 Artisans . 18 Annual Agricultural Produce. ^Vheat Oats Barley Hones Oxen Busheli. 9,200 5,650 490 Potatoes Peas Busheli. 5,800 1,500 Buiheli. Rye . 200 Indian com . 50 Live Slock. 560 1 Cows 2891 Sheep 1,160 1 3,640 Swine 1,400 Title, — " Le titre de cctte concession n'a pas M trouv^ BU Secretariat; il paroit seulement par le R^gistre des Foi et Honimage une dtelaration faite par Pierre Duguet, Kotaire Royal, au nom des Dames Religieuses Ursulines de Quebec, propriitalres de la Seigneurie de Ste. Croix et •utres licux, devant Mr. Duchetneau, Intendant, qui dit, lue les dites Dames possrdent un fief et seigneurie au leu nommi Plalon Ste. Crol.r, contenant une lieue de front sur le ileuve St. Laurent, sur dix lieues de pro- fondeur, borne d'un c(ttt au Sieur de Lotbiniire et d'autre 2; •us terns non eacors 'hMxt—, auB dites OUms Bcii. gieuaes appartenant pnr titre de I'anciennc Comaagnie, en date du 16me Janvier, 1437. et eonBniii par Mr. it Lmtm, OouveiMur, le toe Abn, l6SSL''^Ritiitre du Foi et Hommage, No. e»,flUo 31S, k^Ume Avril, 1781- St. Cvtbbert (P. and V.}, v. Bbbthixb, 8b in BSBTHIKR, CO. St. Cuthbbrt, river, in the co. of Berthier, rises in small lakes behind the seigniories of Ber- thier and DusaU^. It is deep and navigable for loaded boats for 4 or 5 miles, higher up it breaks into rapids and falls. St. Damas (P.), V. St. Hyacinths, 8. St. David, river, in the co. of Yamaska, rises in the t. of Upton, and running w. through the 8. angle of the S. of De Guir is joined by the Ruisseau des Chunes ; it then enters Bourgmarie East, where it turns the corn-mill of J. Wurtell, Esq , and running into the S. of Yamaska falls into the R. Yamaska about one mile above Isle Joseph. St. Denis, seigniory, in the co. of Kamou- raska, is bounded n. e. by the S. of Kamouraska; B. w. by the S. of Riviere Quelle ; in the rear by the unsurveyed t. of Woodbridge; in front by the St. Lawrence. — ^About 1 league in breadth by 4 in depth. Granted May 12th, 1679, to Sieur de St. Denis, for, and in the name of Jo- seph Juchereau, his son, and now belongs to the heirs of Dr. Blanchette. — The soil is not much inferior to that of Riviere Quelle, but the surface is more overspread with small detached ridges, and it is crossed by the high chain of mountains near the middle of its depth. About a quarter of the grant is under culture and produces good wheat and other grain. The timber is excellent and plentiful, among which is pine of fine growth. — The principal streams are the Discharge of Lac St. Pierre and two arms of the R. Kamouraska. — The best cultivated lands are by the sides of the roads that cross the seigniory. Qn a rising ground, close by a little inlet called St. Denis Cove, is the telegraph station No. 10. — In the 9th year of Geo. IV. the provincial legislature enacted that £500 currency should be applied to the making of a road between Kamouraska and Riviere Quelle to the waste lands of the crown. This road was commenced in 1830, at the uncultivated lands in the fourth range of St. Denis, at about 24 arpents from the road of La C6te de Beaubien, and continued through the waste lands of the ll M ST. DENIS. bejond St. Denia, apwardf of 4 miles. Thif rood ia opened in length IGmilet from north to south, its width 15 feet; it is passaMe for wheel carriages, and is cleared 15 feet on each side ; it crosses several brooks and five rivers of » good sise. On each of those rivers good and sub- stantial bridges have been constructed, the lengths of which are as follow : — 1. Ditcbarge of Lake St. Peter . 8ft feet 2. Petit Bru (with a piUar iii the imd-lt is 2 leagues fai breadth aad depth, and it indades the isles and* islets in the a. Richelieu as far ai the S. extends np that liver. Oianted Sept. 30, 1094, to Louis de Oanne, Slenr de Falaisc. It now bdongs to Madame Fleury Deschambault. — The lands are fertile aad the whole of the S. is conceded and peopled. There are 5 ranges of concessions, con- taining 250 6amt, all under cultivation. Flax is raised generally and the soil is in many places fit for hemp. The lands for many leagues in this neighbourhood are considered the most productive in the district of Montroal. The sterile lands in this S. have been left covered with standing wood, and the parts that have been cleared have been abandoned. Timber has beenreserved on good lands, but not in sufficient quantities, which has obliged many to procure lands in the adjoining parishes of La Presentation, St. Ours, &c. which they keep covered with standing wood. All the lands arc conceded en roture. The two ranges of conces- sions nearest the river were granted prior to 1 7.'>9, at 6 livres and 1 sol quit rent for each 90 arpents ; the rents of the concessions subsequently granted are from 15 to 20 livres. It is said that none of the proprietors ever saw their contracts of con- cession. — On the B. bank of the Richelieu is the Village of St. Denis, containing from 90 to 100 houses and a very fine church, 130 ft. by 50, the whole tolerably well built in an agreeable and pleasant situation, which, when seen from the opposite side of the river, where some of the best houses and the church, with \iu three handsome spires, present a front view, exhibit a favourable specimen of picturesque beauty : between the main street and the river are some capacious store- houses, chiefly used as granaries, in which large quantities of com are collected from the adjacent seigniories for exportation. Many of the houses are built with stone, and the largest is the residence of M. de St. Oennain. At a school, conducted by two sisters of the congregation, 25 scholars are instructed; and there is one French school for boys supported by the cur6, where there are 40 scholars. There is also another school. In the river, nearly frondng the village, is the Isle de Madere and a smaller one ; from this place there is a seignorial ferry to the opposite seigniory of ! S \ . i ^il i r BT 8 T if' I' Contrecoeur; 16 Mh an charged for a carriage. It if remarkable that there are neither law nor com-milli on either of the streajiiis ; there are, however, 9 wind-milli for grinding com, 6 of Vrhich are in the front range, 1 in the lecond and 3 in the third. — The cattle are of the Cana- dian breed and though small are itrong. — Much poultry is reared. — . < e timber is chiefly maple, cherry and epinette.— In proportion to the super- ficies of this seigniory it is very well inhabited.— The public roads in all directions are numerous and generally good ; the principal are those by which the communication between the rivers St. Lawrence and Yamaska is kept up. — ThiS'^. is watered by the Richelieu, which runs across the front, and by the little river, or rather rivulet, named Le Miot or L'Amiot, which rises in the 4th concession and, running diagonally across the 2nd and 3rd, discharges itself into the Richelieu in the S. of St. Charles. — There is a considerable number of persons willing and able to form new settlements, even at some distance from their re- latives ; and there is, beyond the S. of St. Hya- cinthe, a large extent of fertile land, at least fer- tile in appearance, on which these persons would settle with alacrity and joy, if it was conceded on terms similar to those of this seigniory. Scarcely any one leaves this p. to settle in the townships. — Fief Cascarinette is in the lower part of the S. ; it is 16 arpents in breadth and extends the whole depth of the S, ; it now belongs to the seignior. Statistics. Population 3,100| Churches, K. C. Cur£g . Presbyteries . Convents . Villages Corn-mills . Tanneries . 2 Hat manufact. 1 Potteries 12 Potasheries . 1 Pearlasheries 1 Just, of Peace Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns Artisans Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Biuheli. , 7,800 260 Buiheli. Potatoes 30,000 Peas . 5,200 Buihelt. Rye . 200 Indian com 610 Live Slock. 1,1501 Cows 1, 200 1 Sheep 1,300 1 Swine 6,5001 1,750 ¥Vi Title.—" Concession du 20me Septembre, 1694, faite par Louit du Buade, Gouvemeur, et Jean Bochart, In> tendunt, a Loui» de Ganne, Sieur de Falaiie, de deux lieues de terre de profondeur derriere la terre et Seigneurie de Contrecoeur, sur toute la largeur d'icelle, qui est de deux lieues, laquelle profondeur passera en partie au deli de la rivifre Chamhiy, et courra les nirmes rumbs de vent que la dite teire d« Ctmtrtcmur; fevee let isles et islets qid ■* troureront dans la dite riviAte CAamNy par le tnven de la dite profondeur.'— W^r« iTIntenJmice, JVa 4, JUio 17. — A^rMrr flnttntUnee, 9,JUio 61. St. Dbnnib, township, in the co. of Rimouski, is bounded n, b. and a. B. by waste lands ; e. w. by the t. of Matane ; m. and n. w. partly by the St. Lawrence and partly by the S. of Matane. The hills, called the Paps of Matane, are in this township, which is wdl watered in front by various small streams, and in the rear by the r. Matane. — Ungranted and vidocatcd, 40,000 acres. Ste. Elizabeth (P.), t;. Lanoraye, S. St. Esprit (P.), v. L'Assouption, S. St. Esprit, river, is formed by two branches that rise in Rawdon and Kilkenny and meet a little within the rear line of L'Assomption, which S. the Riviere St. Esprit partly traverses in its course to the S. of St. Sulpice, where it joins the R. L'Assomption. St. Etienme (P.), t;. Beaumont, S. St. Etienne, river, discharges itself into the Saguenay on the w. side, about a mile below the Ruisseau des Grosses Roches. St. Etibnne, seigniory, in the co. of Beauce, joins the s. angle of the rear line of Lauzon and is bounded n. b. by the r. Chaudi^re ; s. w. by St. Giles; s. and R. by Ste. Marie. It is 3 leagues by 2. Granted, Oct. 7> 1737> to Frangois Etienne Cugnet, and is now the property of Pozer, Esq. — In soil and timber this seigniory is very similar to the rear part of Lauzon. — At a little distance from the Chaudirre are some ranges of settlements tolerably fertile and apparently well managed. 2'«fc. — "Concession du 7me Octobre, 1737, faite par le Atarqnit de Beauharnols, Uouverneur, et Gillct Hoc- quart, jntendant, au Sieur Fran^oit Etienne Cugnet, d'un terrain restant k convider vis-a-vis la Seigneurie apparte> nante aiix h^ritiers Jolliet, sur la riviere du Sault de la Chaudiire, du rot^ du Sud-ouest, depuis le bout de la pro- fondeur de la Seigneurie de Lauzon jusqu'a celle nouvelle- mcnt cone^dre au Sieur Taschereau, contenaiit environ trois lieues de front sur la dite riviere du Sault de la Chaudiire, au Sud-ouest de la dite riviere, sur deux lieues de profondeur, ensemble les isles et islets qui se trouve- ront dans la dite ririire dans I'espace du dit terrein du cdte du Sud-ouest, suivant qu'elles se trouveront situ^s au devant du dit terrein, et les lacs qui se trouveront situ^s sur les dites tevces."—Regittre d'lutcndance. No. 8, /o/io 20. St. Etienne, fief, in the co. of St. Maurice. Granted, Apr. 13, 1740, to the Company of the Forges at St. Maurice. 3 leagues deep by 2 broad. It belongs to the crown, and is let, with other pre- Maurice. my of the by 2 broad. other pre- 8T pertjr, to Me«n. Munio and Bell. It ii but little cultirated, although it ha* a mixture of marl and in many placet a rich Uack yegetafale earth ; the ground it irregular, u in the S. of St. Maurice, but riling into ititmger ridges on the north*weit. This fief has several divisions or oAt^ called Rouge, de Grand Pont, Croche, Turcotte, de 14 Arpens, and St. Jean. The upper lands are well covered with maple, birch, beech, and ash ; but on the low grounds, which are wet in some places, there are only the usual inferior kinds, but these in great abundance. In this grant are several pineries which produce trees of a superior growth, par- ticularly the one a little below and on Pigeon Island. — Iron ore, which at one time was found plentifully in several parts of this fief, is now only met with in the rear. Quarries of lime- stone, a good gray stone, and some other hard species fit for building are opened on the bonlcs of the St. Maurice, near the falls of ^ros and those of Oabelle a little below — Wood for the purposes of the forges is produced in abundance ; great quantities of it are felled and carried by sleighs every winter to the furnaces, where it is made into charcoal for the use of the smelting- houses: it was in consequence of the great de- mand, from the continual consumption of this article, that the additional tract of crown land was granted on the renewal of the lease. — The foundery of St. Maurice is situated in this fief, in a beautiful valley, at the confluence of a small stream with the St. Maurice, about eight miles above the town of Three Rivers; here the high banks of the river, embellished with every va- riety of fine trees in groups on each side, the dark hue of the large pineries and immense surrounding forests, and the more distant and softened shades of the lofty mountains that bound the view, form together a bold and magnificent prospect when viewed from the place where the road ascends the brow of the ridge that over- looks the valley. The foundery itself is replete with conveniences for carrying on an extensive concern; furnaces, forges, casting-houses, work- shops, &c with the dwelling-houses and other buildings, have altogether the appearance of a to- lerably large village. The articles manufactured here consist of stoves of all descriptions that are used throughout the provinces, large caldrons or kettles for making potashes, machinery for mills. ST with cast and wrought inn worik of all denomt* nations ; large quantitica of pig and bar iron an exported: the number of men employed is from 950 to 900; the principal foramen and persona engaged in making models, &c. an either En< glish or Scotch ; the workmen an generally Ca- nadians. In the early establishment of this fbun- dery, about 1737, the on was found in great abundance near the surftce, of a quality not in- ferior to many of the best mines of Europe for pliability. At first the mode of working the dif- ferent veins was managed with very little skill, but in 1739 an artisan was brought from France who combined a knowledge of the diffennt branches of manufacturing wrought and cast iron with » competent skill in working the mines ; from this acquisition great improvements took place, which have progressively increased, and the establishment is now carried on with almost as much ability, and on the same prindfle, as similar concerns in Eng- land and Scotland. It is singular that neither of the provinces pnduoet sand proper for the pur^ poses of casting iron; the proprietors of these works, therefore, import from England all they use in that operation. Since the year 1806 Messrs. Munro and Bell have occupied these valuable pro- mises; previous to that period the annual rent was iESOO: on the termination of their former lease they were very reasonably entitled to the consideration of the government in reletting them, and therefore their rent was reduced 50 per cent. St. Ecstachb, lake, in the t. of Blandford, discharges itself into the b. Origuaux. It is about 100 acres in superficial extent and contains fish. St. Eustache (P. and V.), v. Rivibrr du Chenk in Mills Islbb. Stb. Fahillb (P.), V. Orleans Island. St. Ferkol (P.), V. Cute de Bbaupre, S. St. Francis, Inferior District of, v. Districts. St. Francis, lake, in the townships of Oarthby and Coleraine, is of considerable size, and being divided into two parts forms two sheets of water, which are connected by a short river or channel. One of these parts is 12 or 14 miles in length and very irregular in breadth ; the other is about half that length. The lake is surrounded in every di- rection by lofty wood-covered mountains, approach- ing each other so close on either side of the little river as almost to cut oflfthe communication of the 00 i'i ■1- ; t ST. F R A N C I |i m^::,. A ilraten between the two pwta of the kke: tbcw mountaini contain iron ore in many plmcea. St. Francis, river, in the co. of Be&uoe, it m ■mall stream in the 8. of Vaudreuil ; it turns a corn-null and runs into the a. Chaudiire near the church. St. Francis, river, in the cos. of Rimouiki and Kamouraaka, rises in a small l. of the same name in the highlands and falls into the a. St. John in a s. B. direction. This is the only river on the Temiscouata Portage that runs coiutantly in a south direction. St. Francis, river, in the cos. of Shcrbrooke, Drummond, and Yamaska, rises in l. St. Francis and in several streams descending from the southern townships. From Lake St. Francis in Gurthby and Coleraine this river runs about 30 miles in ■ S. w. direction to the t. of Ascot, and then taking a course nearly n. w. it runs about 70 mi'.es and discharges itself into Lake St. Peter. The whole length of this river cannot be less than 100 miles. The <*ountry from which it collects its waters is of a triangular shape, each side being about 60 miles, the vertex being at the embouchure into Lake St. Peter and the base a line extending from the south point of Memphramagog to the easterly point of Lake St. Francis. The area will there- fore be about 1500 square miles, or equal to 15 ordinary townships. In the north its shape is very narrow. From Lake St. Francis it traverses the T. of Weedon, where it makes an expansion called Lake Weedon ; it then waters the s. angle of DudswcU and the w. angle of Bury, after which it divides the triangular t, of Wcstbury into two nearly equal parts and enters the t. of As- cot, where it takes a sudden turn to the n. w., and passes the villages of Lcnnoxville and Sherbruoke, at each of which places it receives a great acces- sion of waters that originally come from the United States, descending by the rivers Cooticook and Magog. The confluence of the united waters of the rivers Massiwippi, Coaticook, and Salmon Ri- ver, with the R. St. Francis, near Lennoxvillo, is called the Upper Lovk»; and the junrtion of the R. Alogog with the St. Francis at Shcrbrooke Vil- lage is called the Lower Lncks. A little below Hyatt's Mills there is a very singular high rock in the river, on the pinnacle of which stands one solitary pine-tree of large dimensions ; the rock and the tree form an object extraordinarily unique. From Ascot the r. St. Francis becomes the boun- daiy line of 13 townships, separating Bromptoo, Melbourne, Durham, Wickham, and Grantham, on the west bonk, from Stoke, Windsor, Shipton, Kingsey, Simpson, and Wendover, on the east hank : after this it divides Upton from the S. of Courval and becomes the n. k. boundary of De Guir; it then divides Pierrcville into two parts and enters the S. of St. Francois, where it washes the Indian Village, and dividing into several branches, which form various islands, loses itself in the waters of Lake St. Peter. — The River St. Francis is one of the communications by which a considerable and increasing traffic is carried on between the S. of St. Frangois and the southern townships, and also the United States. The na- vigation is difficult and exceedingly laborious, owing to the great number of rupids and falls ; but as the river presents a direct route for send- ing the produce of these districts to a certain market, these obstacles are resolutely overcome by the industrious settlers on each side of the boundaries, and large quantities of pot and pearl ashes, and various other commodities, urc every summer brought down by it into the St. Law- rence for Quebec. Great quantities of British manufactured goods are also i«nt upwards to the United States. The navigation from Lake Mem- phramagog to the St. Lawrence is opposed by many and powerful natural obstructions. From the outlet of the lake to the place where the stream joins the St. Francis is about 10 miles, in which distance there is a singular alternation of violent rapids and still water where the current is most tediously slow ; about f of a mile before it enters the river there is what is termed a/a// — not indeed from a peqiendicular height, but the bed of the river being very much contracted, and the current broken by high ledges of rock, it is imitossible for boats to pass it ; even single sticks of timber are seldom sent down it, us experience has proved that they never escape without being much bruised, if not ulwolutcly shivered to pieces : in this short distance the whole descent is from 170 to I HO feet. At this place the scows and boats are unloaded, their contents rnrried to the end of the fall, and there re-cmbtirkcd in other craft ready to rrci-ivc them ; hence they are borne down by a gentle rtirrcnt about six miles to the Great Bromptun Fulls, about two miles in length : S T as empty boats can run down them on the west side only, the cargoes are again taken out and con- veyed to the foot of the falls, where the boats are leladen and proceed about seven miles farther to the Little Brompton Falls; a repetition of the former labours must again tukc place, as they can be passed by nothing but Ught craft : at this point the portage is no more than 250 yards. A mile or two further on is Dutthman's Shoot, where the river is narrowed by a ledge of rocks and two small islands forming a rapid, through which, with much care and some difficulty, loaded boats can pass. After this u current, rapid and slow in succession, continues, without impediment, for 15 miles to Kingscy Portage ; this is a confined part of the river, with a large rock in the middle of it, which is covered when the water is very high, and at which time only the loaded boats are able to pass it ; the current rushes through the channel with great impetuosity and retains its violence for more than a mile beyond it. Hence no ma- terial obstacles present themselves until arriving at Menue Falls, about 20 miles ; these are ^ of a mile long and only practicable for empty boats. Lord's Falls, about 2 miles farther down, and about the same length as those of Menue, arc subject to the same inconvenience or even greater, for unless the water be very high they cannot be passed by the light boats. At 6 miles below this fall is the commencement of a very rapid current that continues for 15 miles, and when passed all difficulties arc overcome and the river is free into Lake St. Peter. From the upper part to the lower part of the a. it varies in breadth from 100 yards to nearly a mile, and about 16 miles from its mouth it is only about 30 ft. wide and very shallow. Notwithstanding this troublesome med- ley of land and water carriage, the trade now car- ried on is very considerable, as more than 1500 barrels of ashes only have been brought down in one summer. — In Wickham and Grantham the St. Francis abounds with bass, salmon, pickerel, sturgeon, and pike. St. Francoir (P.), v. Batiscan, 8. St. FnANfois (P.), v. Bkrtiiirr, S.,in Belle- chassc, CO. St. Francoib (S.), v. Orlkans Inland. St. Francoib, seigniory, in the co. of Ya- masku, is bounded n. k. by Lussuudicre ; s. w. by Yamaska ; in the reai' by De Ouir ; in front by ffT Lake St. Peter. — \\ league in front by ncariy 9 in depth. Granted, Oct. 8, 1678, to Sieur Cre* vier, and is now the property of M. Le Gendre and some families of the Abenaqui Indians. This S. is low towards Lake St. Peter. The Bay of St. Francois and some others indent it rather deeply and occasion large tracts of marsh land along their shores ; at a short distance from them are some very fine meadows, and farther to the interior the soil is good, in most parts rather light and sandy. The timber is but of indifferent qua- lity, and chiefly consists of spruce fir, hemlock, and cedar; on the driest land there is a little maple and beech. The river St. Francis, with a few smaller streams, water it very well. — About one half of this grant is in a state of cultivation ; the best settled and most improved parts lie on each side of the St. Francis. At the descent of this river into the St. Lawrence are several islands attached to the grant ; the largest is nearly four miles long, and is partly cultivated and very well settled; the church and parsonage-house belonging to the seigniory stand on this island, where canoes are always in readiness to convey travellers to William Henry at the rate of five shillings each person, although there is not an established ferry : this passage is generally pre- ferred in summer to the post roads. The other islands are low, some affording a little meadow land, but they are principally covered with wood. — There are several roads ; the main road, from the eastward to William Henry, crosses the river at a ferry near the Abenaqui village, where 3d. is paid for each person and Is. for a horse and carriage. By the river St. Francis a consider- able and increasing traffic is carried on with the southern townships, and also with the United States. — The Parish of St. JFruHfoh /avier, by the regulation of Sept. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722, extends from Baie St. Antuinc to Yamaska, and includes Kus- sodicre or Lussaudiire, Picrreville, and St. Fran- cois, with the exception of that part which Iw- longs to the Indian Mission. — All the lands in this parish are conceded, and many of the con- cessions were granted before 1751* at a "^ cry low price, via. at half a sol or one sol per arpent, each land or farm extending from 2 to 3 arpcnts in front to 30 or 40 in depth ; the concessions made subsequently to 1750 were granted on ncariy the ooa ?-:l i ■-;■) 'I flit I; iP I ; 8T nme conditioni. — For m accwuU of Ihe Abenaqui Village, l(C. vide Indiami. Stat'uticM. PopuliUion 8,080 Churches, R. C. 1 Cur«s 1 Villi«e« . 1 Corn-mills . 1 Saw-mills . 8 Notaries . 1 Shopkeepers 8 Taverns . I AiUsaiis . 14 Annual AgrUidlural Produce. Wheirt . Of Barley . Buahcb. )8,aoo 14,000 1,000 BuihcU. Potatoes 11,000 Peas . 5)000 BuiheU. Rye . . 815 Indiaa com 850 Live Stock. Horses Oxen . 005 . 750 C!ow« . 1,800 Sheep . 5,500 Swine . 8,001 Titk.—" Concession du Sine Octobre, 1678, faite par Louiide Buade, Gouverneur, au Sieur CrevUr, de la Sei- gneurie de SI. FranfoU, contenant line lieue de profondeur en montant dans la riviere de St. Franfoit; ensemble les isles et islets qui sont dans hi dite profondeur, et une lieue de large d'un c6ti de la dite riviere au Nord, k prendre au bout die la terre et Sei^eurie du Sieur de la Lunaudiere, ensemble les terres qui se trouveront de I'autre c6ti de la dite riviCre au Sud ; k cominencer au bout de la terre et Seigneurie de SI. FranfoU et jusqu'uiix bomes du Sieur de LavaUere."—Rigiilre dlntendance. No. 2i9,/oHo 146. St. Francois oss Salles (P.), v. Orleans Island. St. Francois Zavibr (P.), t;. St. Francois, in Yamasktt, co. St. Oabribl, seigniory, in the co. of Quebec, is bounded n. b. by St. Iguace ; a. w. by Gau- darville, Faussembault and waste lands ; in front by Sillery ; in the rear by fief Hubert and waste lands. — 2 leagues in front, but as the lateral boundaries do not run parallel, its breadth in the rear is more than four leagues ; its depth is ten leagues. Granted, Apr. 16th, lti47, to Sieur Giffard, and is now the property of the crown. — Of this tract, 2^ leagues were granted. Mar. 13th, 1661, to the Hurons inhabiting the village of La Jeunc Lorette, and the remainder transferred by donation, Nov. 2, 1667, to the Order of Je- suits, by Sieur Gifiiird.— The lower part of this seigniory is good fertile land, the soil in general u fine black mould ; near the first mountains, and in the vicinity of Lake St. Charles, it is a light loam ; the remainder, and much the largest por- lion of the grant, is so extremely rough and mountainous, as to be wholly unfit for agricul- tural purposes. The lands on the farther side of the R. Jucq. Cortier, in this S., are mountainous ; 8 T some settlements might nerertheleis be made in the neighbourhood of Lake Tsonnontonan, where there is good hard wood. — ^Timber about the front is rather scarce, of inferior sixe and little value ; but on the sides of the rising grounds, and in the interior, beech, maple, and birch are abundant and there is some pine, and in some places a little good oak may be found. — The river St. Charles bends a most picturesque course from n. w. to s. b. for nearly two leagues along the lower part of the seigniory, and receives the waters of several small tributary streams that completely answer the pur- poses of irrigation. The rivers Jacques Cartier, St. Anne, and Batiscan cross it at different points between the mountains. — As far as about six miles from the front, all the land is in a flourishing state of cultivation, every where interspersed with well-built houses, good gardens and well-stocked farms : beyond this, a wilderness spreads on every side, dreary and untrodden by human beings, except by the Indians in their hunting-excur* sions. — The church and parsonage of St. Am- broise, the church of La Vielle Lorette, the church and village of La Jeune Loi-ette, are all within this grant. Roads i.-. every direction com- municate with Quebec and the surrounding seig- niories. A road might be made through the gorges of Mount Tsonnontonan, to the river Aux Pins, but it would be necessary to re- move a large quantity of stone. — The church of La Vielle Lorette is pleasantly situated on the vr. side of a little branch of the river St. Charles, on a rising ground, and nearly surrounded by a gmve of small but handsome pine trees. The parsonage- house is the residence of Mr. Deschenaux, the grand vicar and cure of the parish : this gentle- man, who is well known and highly esteemed, has exerted his good taste to great advantage upon the gardens and other embellishments of the place. The mountain called Tiounonthouan is on the N. bank of the R. Jacques Cartier, and is about 24 miles N. w. of Quebec. It forms the most southern angle of the vast body of granitic moun- tains, which extends from the coasts of Labrador along the north shore of the river St. Lawrence to Quebec, and thence to the Ottawa, the northern banks of Lakes Huron and Superior, and cover nearly the whole country to the north, with the exception of the valley of the Saguenay, to Hud- son's Day. Its elevation is about 2,000 feet ST. GABRIEL. ilf tic nioun- Labrador Lawrence northern nd cover with the to Hud- 000 feet abore the Icrel of the St. Lawrence. It is di- vided into two parts forming two distinct sum- mits, and is remarkable for presenting, on all sides, an appearance nearly similar, and for the extent of space which it covers, which has en- titled it to the name given to it by the Indians, and which means the " Great Mountain." — Al- though the distance from Quebec is so incon- siderable, it is only within the last eight years that there have been any settlements nearer to this mountain than twelve miles; the whole valley of the river Jacques Cartier, above the bridge for about 30 miles in length, and varying in breadth from 10 to 20 miles, having remained entirely unsettled, owing to the expensiveness of forming roads over the swampy grounds in the rear of the old settlements and the difficulty of obtaining grants. This mountain until lately was perhaps never ascended by any persons except Indians. In 1836, five inhabitants of Valcartier visited the summit of this mountain for the first time. After leaving the settlement on Dr. Blan- chet's grant, and after ascending for some time, they arrived at a level along the bank of the tor- rent which divides the mountain on the s. e. side, and in half an hour they reached an old Indian cabin on the western bank of the same torrent. Quebec and the surrounding country were occa- sionally visible through the trees, of liigh growth, which cover the mountain. On leanng the tor- rent the ascent became very rugged and steep ; in about ten minutes the party reached a beautiful spring issuing from under a rack, which they de- nominated the Holy Well; in fifteen minutes they were stopped by immense masses of granite forming insurmountable walls, but found to the left a nairow regular passage between two per- pendicular masses, which they called Hope Gate ; at a quarter past eleven, after passing several caverns and rents in the rock of great apparent extent and depth, they reached the summit of the south-eastern angle of the w. top of the mountain, and selected, for a station at this point, a large mass of granite elevated about five feet from the general level of the ground, with an even and nearly circular surface of between 20 ond 30 feet in diameter. On the n. of this rock tliey erected a British flag, on the top of a high spruce tree, and deposited in the ground, in a glass bottle, a piece of the copper coin of his late Majesty. Some trees were felled at this station to open the view of the country to the 8. ■. of the moun* tain. The party then proceeded to explore the 8. side of the summit of the mountain. It is level and of great extent, covered with a deep soil of light loam, over which there are several inches of the white soft sand, so frequently met with throughout the country in virgin ground beneath the black mould of decomposed leaves. The timber is white birch of large growth, of the sort of which the bark is used by the Indians for bark works. In the centre of this point of the mountain is a hollow, partaking something of the nature of a swamp. Generally, the earth and vegetable growth indicate a more moist atmosphere than on the low grounds. To the south of the station there is a vast square block of granite, under which there is a well of living water. More to the w., the top of the mountain offers the most interesting appearance. At the summit the descent commences by a semicircular wall of granite, of great extent, about 30 feet in height ; below this there is an extensive semicircular and level terrace, about 150 feet wide, at the outer edge of which the descent continues by a perpen- dicular wall of solid granite, uf about 100 feet in height. To these parts of the mountain, paths were marked out. The view from this top of the mountain is extensive and grand beyond concep- tion, no other country perhaps affording equal advantages in this respect to the valley of the St. Lawrence at this particular part of it, where it begins to open out into the level country on both banks, which is included within the ranges of the northern mountains, and the southern chains, extending from the mouth of the St. Law- rence to the White mountains in n. Hampshire, and the Green mountains in Vermont. The ob- jects comprised in the view from the h. k. angle of the w. summit of Tsounonthouan, extend over a space of about 3,600 superficial miles, of which the surface of the St. Lawrence alone occupies about 200 miles, it being visible in its length, at intervals, upwards of 90 miles. Looking towards the K. the most distant view includes about 40 miles in depth of the mountains in the rear of Cape Torment, and extends to the sources of the Jacques Cartier and the mountains on the w. waters of the Saguenay ; over the Charlesbourg Mountains, the mountains on the a. shore tiehind the river Ouelle are distinctly visible, and are followed by the eye without interruption to the i ST. GABRIEL. 'I' I ;■ Highlandf, between tbe aourcei of the riven St. John, Penobacot, Kennebec, Connecticut, Etche- min, Chaudiere, Becancour, and Nicolet : on the M. shore the southern edges of the northern moun- tains begin to be visible at the St. Maurice, and thence Hm; gradually to the mountains of the Lake of the Seven Islands and the sources of the Port- neuf ; in the middle ground the St. Lawrence is visible from St. Vallier to the Point of Cham- plain, although occasionally concealed by the high grounds of Quebec, St. Augustin, Jacques Cartier, and Grondines, close to the northern bank. Que- bec, and the whole of the open and settled country on both banks, from Beaumont to Grondines, are distinctly seen. In the foreground, and as it were under the feet of the spectator, lies the whole valley of the Cartier, from the Nuns' Hill to the bridge, with its lakes, swamps and patches of opening settlements, the river, its islands and falls, at intervals, opening from behind the natural forest, which yet covers nearly the whole of its banks ; to the left. Lake St. Charles is visible, and to the right, Ontarietsi, or Lake St. Joseph, shows its broad expanse partially concealed by the skirt of the Great Mountain. Time did not admit of a view from the northern side of the mountain, over the valley of Pine River and Lake TantarS, It is known to be one uninterrupted continua- tion of mountains, to the valley of the Sagucnay. From the general clearness of the atmosphere in North America, and the facility of perceiving objects relieved by the sky, it is probable that, with the aid of good glasses, signals at this moun- tain would communicate with Chambly Moun- tain by only one intervening station on the a. shore ; one or two intervening stations would also communicate with the White Mountains, wliich are visible from the Atlantic ; four or five inter- vening stations from Chambly would probably communicate with New York, making only six or seven stations between Quebec and New York, through which intelligence might be communi- catee in a few minutes, and at a very small ex- pense. The sittlemtttt of Vakart'ur wu commenced in August, 1816; the first clearings were two leagues from the last Canadian settlements. Pre> vious to the commencement of this settlement there was no road passable for a cart, or even for a single horse, in the interval between the last Canadian settlements and the new establishment. This tract, two leagues wide, was rendered im- passable in summer by morasses and small streams, which, however, being froxen in winter, the Canadian settlers were enabled to go a distance of l-l league for the purpose of procuring wood. — A road, two-thirds of a league, was made by the grantees. — All the persons settled in the 5th con- cession, excepting one Canadian, are emigrants from Scotland and Ireland, 5 of them are Irish and 4 Scotch; most of them arrived in 1818. With industry and honesty they have a fair prospect of becoming landholders and capable of supporting their families with the produce of their farms. — The following table will show the pro- gressive increase of thu settlement. Population Children . 1821 1824 1828 1«2 312 338 83 . . HcrvMitt 27 . , HOIKI 10 33 »9 Oiea 28 14 00 Cowi 65 118 \S0 Swine 68 73 103 In the Parish of St. Ambro'ue, all the lands fit for culture are conceded, and even those not fit for agricultural purposes are conceded but not sur- veyed. The want of means prevents the youths of this F. from making new settlements ; if they were furnished for one or two years with pro* visions, utensils, and the necessary live stock, there would not be so many living on emplacemetu where they exist miserably. — For an accoMHt of the Hurons, Sfc. vide Indians. ( ■•■ ■' 1 \ 'M ". : ! ST ST PkUm*. Ancienne Lorctte Jeune Lorette St. AmbroiM ValcHtier ToUli. 741 166 1613 338 8837 Statistics. i I J to Parlthct. Annual Auriruliural Hrmlucc, in humicu. Live Mock. 1 1 it 1 i i 1 1 a G * i a 1 \ X 1 * 1 1 Andenne Lorette Jeunv Lorette St. Ambmiie Valcnrtier 8667 11700 402 18410 15 86500 4000 1000 80i)0 500 »S08300 18 10003500 10UI800 86800 70 60100 15600 500 »!7 150 100 748 16 . 1887 800 147 890 8 614 59 1007 3(» 16 659 60 508 15 1850 130 1740 8500 570 444 45 1050 103 Totali. J07G943885{3.'i00 2050 7618 101970 977 300 boa lo:)5 1987 I08I0 1738 7«/c.— " ConccRMoii du 16ine Avril, 1647, foite par la Compagnie au Sieur Gifard, de la Seigneurie de St. Gabrirl, i prendre au mfime endroit que sa prt'sente con- ceMion, (Btauport) ran^ant icelle dc proche en procbc, autaiit qu'il se pourra faire, mir dix licuea de proiondcur dani Im terrea vers le Nord-Ouent. Par Ic papier Terrier, Tome 8e, Folio 655, le siiidit fief avoit originairemcnt deux lieuea de front. Cette concoifilon ne joint pas Bemport, psrce que la concession de Nctre Dame des Angti, qui est entre lea doux est plus •ncienne."— C2, to Sieur Michel Jean Ilugues Pran dc Livaudii're. — ()n account of the irregularity and mountainous na- ture of its surface, one half of the S. is unfit for cultivation, although the soil itself is not bad, being principally a light-coloured loam. It abounds in timber of the best species, and is wa- tered by the rivers du Sud, le Bras, Ruisseau du Moulin, &c. besides 4 lakes and sheets of water of minor size. — One of the principal occupations of the inhabitants during the spring is the manu- facture of maple-sugar, of which they contrive to send considerable quantities to market. — There are 8 ranges of concessions, 7 "f which are con- ceded ; the first which contains the church is the most settled, and three-fourths of the first and se- cond concessions arc under cultivation ; about half of the third and fourth, and one- fifth of the fifth concession are cultivated. — The village contains 30 houses — Some veins of stone arc found in tho first range. — The apparel of two-thirds of the inhabitants is made of Canadian cloth, neverthe- less, more of English manufacture is used here than in any of the seigniories lower down the St. Lowrence.— The Parish of St. Gervaht extends leagues in front, from St. Vallier to the concession east of the B. Etchemin, comprehending the whole of the S. of St. Oervais, part of Lauzon, and the fief belonging to Mrs. Reid. In this parish few or no lands remain unconccded, though in some parts there arc no roods, none even surveyed. — Many young men in this p. arc desirous of set- tling on htnds near their parents und friends; their only opportunity is in the 8. of Jollict, S T 8 T where the number of landi ia iniuffident. No one leaves the pariah to lettle in the townshipt or in the neighbouring crown lands. Statittiet of the Parish of St. Gervoit. Population 1,147 Annual AgrieuHural Produce. Wheat . Oats Barley , Potatoes Horses Oxen Biuhcb. 6,aoo 6,700 1,000 lofm Biuhdi. Peas . 4,000 Rye . 88 Buck'Wbeat 50 Indian corn 210 Buiheli. Mixed grain , SO Maple Btigar, cwts. 357 Hay, tons . 828 Livt Stock. 3801 Cows . 700 1 Swine . 650 400 1 Sheep . 2,300 1 TUU.—^ Concession du 20nie Septembre, 1752, faite au Sieur Michel Jean Hugum Pian de LivandUre d'un terrein non-concMi derriire la Seigneurie de Beaumont, et qui se trouve enclave entre les lignes des Seigneuries de St. Mirhel au Nord-est et de Livaudiert, au Sud-ouest, ce qui compose deux lieues de front sur une lieue seule- ment dc profondeur, laquelle lirue de profondeur joint la ligne du trait-quarri des profondeurs dee dites Seigneuries de St. Michel et de Livaudiere, et en outre quatre lieues et un quart de front ou environ (ce qui est mppeli St. Gervait sur la Carte) sur trois lieues de profondeur, k Erendre au bout des profondeurs de SI. MMel des deux eues ci-dessus concraies et de la Seigneurie de Livau- diere, laquelle ^tendue de terrein de quatre lieues et un quart de front, ou environ, sera bomfe par devant au tnit>quarr£ des lignes de profondeurs ae St. Michfl, des deux lieues ci-dessus concMies, et de Livau. diere ; par derriire par une ligne droite et paralUle joig> nant aux terres non-concMees ; au Nord-est par la con- tinuation de la ligne de si|Muration des dites Seigneuries de St, Valier et de SU Midttl, et au Sud'Ouest tgaTement par continuation de la ligne de separation de la dite Seigneurie de Lixuiudiere, a celfe nouveliement conctdte i Mr. de la Marlinitre ; lesquels terreins de deux lieues de front sur une lieue de profondeur et de quatre lieues et un quart de front ou envuvn sur trois lieues de profondeur ci-dessus dtsignds ne feront avec les Seigneuries de St. Michel et de Livaudiere, a|>partenant itji au Sieur Pean qu'une seule 6i liiCirs Seigneurie."— A^^f(r« d^Intendance, No. 10, Jblio9. St. Oilrs, seigniory, in the co. of Lotbini^re, is bounded n. k. by Lauion, St. Etienne, and Ste. Marie ; s. w. by Ste. Croix and the t. of Leeds ; in the rear by Leeds and the N. angle of Broughton ; in front by the seigniories of Oasp^ and Desplaines. — 2^ leagues broad by 6 deep. Granted Apr. 1, 1738, to Rageot de ; the preMnt proprietors are the heirs of the late Judge Davison. — This seigniory is of very irregular form, the greatest length lieing about 18 miles and breadth 8. It contains about 100,000 acres, and is watered through its whole length by the Beau- rivage, which is swelled by the accession of nu- merous smaller streams. Craig's road runs along the banks of this river for 12 miles. The number of concessions is 22, containing 524 lots. — No palish has been formed in this seigniory. It is considered as a part of St. Nicholas, the cure of which occasionally says mass within the limits of St. Giles. — The most populous and best settled parts are those which lie upon Craig's road, and that which leads from this road to Ste. Marie. The other parts are but partially settled, but fresh lots are in daily demand. — Two of the most northemly concessions lying on the river Noire and west of the Beaurivage are low, flat land, with some swamps and some patches of hard wood consisting of birch and maple. The other kinds of timlier are chiefly cedar, ash, elm, spruce and red epinette — The next four concessions lying along the river Beaurivage, principally on the east side but partly on the west, are in general sandy ; with the exception of the points, as they are called, of alluvial soil lying next to the river and on a lower level than the rest of the land. Each lot has some point land, more or less, from 2 to 30 arpents. The timl)er on the points ccm- sists of elm, ash, maple and butternut. The re- mainder of these concessions contain spruce, red epinette and black birch, with some pine and a little maple and cedar; in some places there are considerable swamps. — The south-eastern part, lying between the Beaurivage and the branch called the Fourchet, is named the Mountains. There are 12 or 14 concessions in this part. The soil is here much better than in the low parts of the seigniory. Almost all the new settlers prefer it ; and many of the inhabitants of the lower parts, finding the lands there poor, have left them and gone to the mountains. The soil here is sandy, but produces very good crops. The wood on the hills consists of maj^, beech, hemlock, basswood, elm and spruce ; and in the hollows between the hills it consists of spruce, sapin, hemlock, cedar and some ash. The banks of the rivers are in general steep, with little point land. The land is for the most part stony. — The cleared land in the whole seigniory may be estimated about 10,000 acres, the uncleared about 150,000. Perhaps one-eighth of the whole consists of swamps, one-half of flat land, and the remainder hilly and rocky. — The timber, both of the hard and soft kinds, is very good : there is, however, but little good pine. Mr. Caldwell has, for the lost 6 or 7 years, bought annually about 30,000 spruce saw logs fur his "I ■ S T mills at St. Nicholag. The trees in general are aot very large, but the wood is of excellent qua- lity. There has been a good deal of very fine red epinette, and there yet remains some hard wood, of which the birch and maple are the best. — With respect to the waters of this seigniory, every brook is believed to run either into the Beauri vage or into lome branch of it. Except this river, there is none of any importance, and its source as well as that of the Fourchet is unknown. The general opinion .among the inhabitants is, that they arc outlets of lakes in the township of Broughton. The branch called Le Bras is believed to have its rise in a small lake in Lauson. The Black River runs out of a large swamp in the rear of the most northemly concession. The Beaurivage is nowhere navigable; the rapidity of its descent is very con- siderable, and in the spring and fall the stream is very powerful. In the heat of summer the waters are very low, and sometimes insufficient to turn a grist-mill of one pair of stones. In the upper part of the seigniory the bed of the river is prin- cipally solid rock and the descent rapid. — With re- gard to the population, it appears there are about 12 men above 60 years of age, 270 between 16 and 60, 170 women and 280 children. Three persons have received licences to keep taverns. — Education here is in a very low state, there being no school of any kind in the seigniory. There is one school- house, however, nearly finished, and another ■partly subscribed for ; but the people, though very anxious to have schools, are as yet too poor to be capable of supporting them. In so great an ex- tent less than three schools would be insufficient, -and that number could not at present be main- tained without assistance. — There is at present one church or chapel, and another is to be com- menced on the St. Mary's road.— Of cattle there are some fine oxen and the Americans have good cows, but much attention does not appear to be yet paid to the choice of cattle for breeding. There are many horses, but few of them are good. Of domestic animals homed cattle are the most nu- merous and thriving. At present there are very few sheep, yet the mountain lands are well adapted for feeding that animal, and in a few years may be expected to be well stocked with it. There are some good pigs, and the inhabitants begin to find out the value of the different breeds. — All the grain raised in the settlement has hitherto 8 T been consumed within it, the constant arrival of new settlers creating a demand for the surplus raised by the old ones. A great quantity of po- tatoes are raised on the mountains; these and wheat form the principal crops, though grain of every kind is grown.— Most of the Canadian farmers raise a little flax for their own use ; but neither the European settlers, nor those from the United States, attempt it; it seems to answer very well on moist lands, but only a very small proportion of the land in this neighbourhood is fit for it. — The only roads that deserve to be men- tioned here are Craig's Road and that of St. Mary's; the former is good through the whole settlement, the latter for one-half. The other roads in the seigniory are barely passable. — There are no lakes nor waterfalls, nor any mountains that deserve the name. Limestone is found, but not in great quantities. No mines have yet been discovered, nor any indications of them observed. — Salt is made in this S. — There is only one fief called Beaurivage, which was reserved at the time the S. was sold, and is still possessed by one of the family of the original proprietor. Population Chapels Schools 732 1 1 Statislics. Com-mills . Saw-mills . Taverns Artisans 3 21 Annnal Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen BuiheU . 7,800 . 9,400 500 4801 305 Potatoes Peas Buihcli. 8,400 2,j00 Btttheli. Rye 200 Indian corn 1,590 Live Stock. Cows Sheep 650 1 Swine 1,400 1 700 St. Greooihb (P.), v. Godefroi, S. St. Greooire (V.), v. Nicolbt, S. St. Helen's Island, in the St. Lawrence, lies ofl' the city of Montreal, formerly the pro- perty of the Barons of Longucuil it now be- longs to the crown. Fortifications and stores have been erected on this island and a military garrison is there stationed. St. Henry (P.), r. Lauzon, S. St. Henry (V.), v. Lachknayr, 8. St. Henry dk Mascoucmb (P.), v. Lache- naye, S. pp 1^' V ■■ *v I St S T lh>. Hit.Ai«B (P.), V. RomrfLDit, 8. St. Hvaointkii, county, in tbe district of Montreal, is bounded by the depth line of the S. of fit. Charles on the liver Yaiaaihi, beginning at the eastern angle of that S. prolonged until it naohes the river Yamaska, thence by that river as far as the s. w. line of the aug. of the S. of St. Ours, thence by the said line as far as the depth line of the S. of St. Denis, thence by the said depth line as far as the n. b. line of the S. of St. Charles on the river Richelieu, thence by the said N. B. line of St. Charles as far as the depth line of the said seigniory, thence by the said depth line as far as the n. b. line of the S. of Rouville, thence by the said v. B. line as ftr as the depth line of that seigniory, thence by the said depth yne as far as the line between St. Hyacinthe and the aug. of the S. of Monnoir, thence by the aforesaid line as far as the a. an^e of the S. otf St. Hyacinthe, thence by the western line of part of the T. of Fambam to the s. angle of the S. <^ fk. Hyacinthe, thence eastemly by thew. outlines of part of Pamham and then by the «>wns of Granby and Milton, as fur as the n. w. angle of Milton, thence by the N. line of Milton as far as the w. line of the t. of Upton, thence by the said w. line of Upton as far as the a. w. line of part of Upton, and thence by the said s. w. line of Upton as far as the eastern angle of the S. of St. Charles on the river Yamasfca. It comprehends the sei- gniories of De Ramsay, Bourchemin east of the river Yamaska, and St. Hyacinthe. — Its extreme length is 41 miles and its breadth 19, containing 477 square miles. Its centre is in lat. 45° 32' 45" n. hm. 72° 54' w. — It sends two members to the pro- vincial parliament and the place of election is at St. Hyacinthe. — The principal river is the Ya- maska. — With the exception of two large and conspicuous mountains, Rougemont and Yamaska, the face of this county throughout is level. It is traversed by numerous roads, and well settled. It ranks the 17th in population and the 9th in agricultural produce. As the seigniory of St. Hyacinthe comprises by far the greater part of this interesting county, the reader is referred to the description given of that seigniory, from which Ho may infer the general character of the county, the principal features of the other parts of the county being similar to those of that seigniory. Population \9JMA Cburche*, Pra 1 Churches, R.C. Curii Presbyteriss . Cwivents Colleges . Statutiet. Villages . . Schools • . Corn-mills . Sawiinills CMtUng-nill* Fulling-mills Tsimeries . I Potasheries . 3 Pearliisheries 3 ShopkeepcfB . II Taverns . . IS Artisans . . SO Annual AgrieuUural Produce. Wheat . Ottts Barky . Potatoes Hones Oxen BUihtli. 114,771 93,400 13,706 60,110 Buthelf. Peas . 17.072 Rye . 3,890 Indian com 1,844 Buck-wheat 5,107 BluhtISi Mfated grain 5,8W Mapk sugar, cwts. 610 Hay, tons 50,000 Live Stock. 7,04S I Cows 6,215 1 Sheep 10,1351 Swine 32,8281 7.351 St. Htacinthb, seigniory, in the co. of St. Hyacinthe, is bounded n. b. by St. Ours, Bouiw cfaemin and De Ramsay ; s. w. by the aug. to Monnoir and the t. of Famham ; n. w. by Rou- ville, St. Charles, and St. Denis; s. b. by Milton and Granby. — 6 leagues in front by 6 in depth, being 3 leagues on each side of the r. Yamaska. Granted Sept. 93, 1748, to Sieur F. Rigaud, sd- gnear de Vaudreuil, and now belongs to Mens. Desolles and the Hon. P. D. Debartsch — The local rituation of this extennve grant renders it a most valuable and highly improvable property. So great an extent naturally embraces many v»> rieties of soil, but the best kinds predominate, and the proporHon below mediocrity is very trifling. The least improvable is towards the m. and m. b. sides, where the land is low atnd in some j^aces swampy ; approaching Granby it rises and pre> sents a valuable tract of rich dry soil. In many parts are lands admirably well adi^ted to the pro* duction of hemp and -flax in large quantities; and to the growth of all the grains peculiar to the country no part of the district is more congenial. The banks of the Yamaska and other streams afford plenty of good meadow land ; in fact, the difivrent classes of arable, meadow and pasture ore nearly all of first-rate quality. — There is much iine beech, nraple and faasswood timber; cedar and spruce-fir are abundant on the low wet lands ; oak and jrine ore ibund in tolerable quantities and of large srontling towards Granby and Famham. The part on the v. w. side of the Yamaska is nearly all employed in agricubure ; the opposite bank and the parts towards the e. b. extremity also present many wide ranges of cultivated '■* ST. HYACINTH E. 1 S 3 II 15 60 grounds. — The Yamaska running along the middle of this spacious property, being navigable for large boats and rafts, affords ample means of speedy conveyance for the produce of the field and the growths of the forests. A branch of this liver, diverging to the eastward into the new townships, •ad which receives several minor streams, plen- tifully waters that division ; while the river Sal- vayle, that has its rise near the boundary of St. Charles, witL some of less note, completely an- swer the purpose of irrigation for the western part. — The roads are well kept and are in almost every direction ; those on each side of the Ya- maska are the principal, by which the communi- cation between Three Rivers, Quebec and the state of Vermont is directly maintained ; and, in consequence of the importance (^this route, every attention is paid by the proper officers of the dif- ferent districts to preserve it in the best possible state. From these roads others of no less general utility strike off into the new townships, and thence in several ramifications to the state of New Hampshire, &c. ; altogether forming the means of intercourse invaluable to this part of the province.— There are 5 parishes, St. Hya- cinthe, St. Cetahre, St. Datnaa, La Presentation and St. Pie. Although these parishes are tole- rably well inhabited, there is only one village, called St. Hyacinthe, which is most conveniently situated on an angle, formed in the n. x. part by a large bend of the Yamaska; it contains nearly 200 houses, many of them built with ston^or brick in a superior style, a large handsome church, a good parsonage-house, and a college or rather public school Being in the main rood, there is a continual influx of strangers travelling to and from the frontiers, for whose reception there are one or two respectable inns. The environs are most agreeably diversified with flourishing or- chards, gardens, meadows, pastures and inclo- sures. A market is hdd twice a week. — 5 miles firom the v. ore the com, saw and caiding-mills of Moos. St. Ours. — Near the boundary line of Rou- viUe is a i»M»itn«»ip called Rougenont, which is sip milar tothat of Beloeil though inferiiMr in elevation and extent ; it is adorned nearly to the summit with beautiful woods containing some fine timber. On tlie otlier side of the river, near the boundary line of Milton and Oranby, is the Yamaska moun- tain, almost of the same form and magnitude, clothed with woods, in wliich there is some ex- cdlent timber. — The increase of settlements in diis S. is retarded by the poverty of the grantees and the diilculty of making water-courses. Some of the inhabitants settle in the townships, although the neighlwuring seigniories are not entirely con- ceded—No lands were conceded prior to 1759, and the last concessions were granted on higher conditions tlum the preceding. ^ 11 Stati$tic9. Puiiha. St. Hyadnthe . SuCcwin 8t. Daoias La PicMntotion 7030 1604 1818 1824 13476 to 4 ! 13 ; 30 2 2 10 3 I 12 10 01 Annual A^tricuUural Prwtm'e, in buithtrlt. PnithM. Bt Hyacinthe . St. CcMUre St. Damu L» PiMentstion I * 60000 14200 16000 15000 S6740 7020 KWOO 6200 lOASOOi 80700 7M0 20M 1006 2100 13666 I 70360 23160 13000 100600 1687 7400 6630 1260 16B67 1000 2200 100 100 790 430 10 366 3671 764 726 720 3490 1376 7B2 602 6146 1622 1600 1360 laiuo 3700 :uoo 1 408 1U60 340011506 67 84|63.'W 10720 31300 |0 H»8 ppa S T 8 T wih'-n TWe^-" ConccMion du SSme Septembre, 1746, faite par F Hand Michel Barrin, Gouvemeur, et Franfoit Bigot, Intcndant, au Sieur Franfoh lUgaad, Seigneur de yaw. dreiiil, de lix lieue* de front, le long dc la riviire Va- matkOf lur troia lieuei de profondeur de chaque cott dScelle; les ditei lix lieuei de front, i prendre i lept lieuea de Tembouchure de la dite rivi£re, qui lunt les der- nijrea terres cor)eii6w,''—Mgiitre dJnttndanee, No. 9, folio m. St, Ionacb Isle, in the St. Lawrence, at the head of Lake St. Peter, lies a little s. of Isle Du- pas. This and other isles near it consist princi- pally of meadows and grazing land. Isle St. Ig- nace. Isle Madame, Isle aux Oies, Isle Ronde, and Isle de Grace belong to government. These and some other isles to the eastward are very low, with marshy strands, but clothed with good tim- ber. They abound with all sorts of wild fowl, as do the intervals between them with excellent fish of various kinds. Isle Madame is one league in length and half a league iu width. St. Ionace (P. and S.), v. Cap St. Ignace. St. Ionace, seigniory, in the co. of Quebec, is bounded n. e. by L'Epinay and the t. of Stone- ham; 8. w. by Sillery and by St. Gabriel of which it formerly formed a part ; in the rear by Fief Hubert ; in front by the R. St. Charles. It is half a league in front by ten leagues in depth. Granted, Aug. 20th, 1652, to the community of the Hotel Dieu to whom it still belongs. — In the quality of the land and the peculiarities of the soil there is a strong affinity between this and the S. of St. Gabriel; the lower part is rich, fertile, and well cultivated for more than two leagues towards Lake St. Charles, in which tract many farms are extremely productive in grain of all kinds. On some of the farms flax is cultivated with great success, and on the r, St. Charles the pastures and meadows are so fine as scarcely to be rivalled by any in the province : beyond the lake the country assumes a mountainous and barren character, affording no land upon which agricultural industry could be exerted with any hopes of success. On the lower part of the S. the little timber that remains is of inferior dimen- sions and confined to small woods and patches here and there ; but in the vicinity of Lake St. Charles and farther rearward a great abundance of the finest sort is produced. The rivers Jacques Cartier, Ste. Anne, and Batiscan cross it in the intervals between the different ranges of moun- tains, while the cultivated part is exceedingly well watered by the river St. Charles and Lake St. Charles aided by many small streams. rufe.— " Concession du SOme Aodt, 1658, faite par Monsieur dt Laugon, Gouverneur, aux Dames de I'Hdtel Dieu, d'une demi lieue de terre de front sur la riviere St. CharkM, sur dix lieues de profondeur; d^membree du fief Su Gabt iel, par donation du Sieur Bobert G\giird, Seigneur de Siauporl, aux dite* Dames; k prendre d'uncdt^ aux terres concidtea sur la riviere St. Charta, au Sieur CM- hume CouiUard, d'autre part i la ligne qui fait la ( tion des terres depuis peu accordtes aux sauvages, d'autre bout par derrijre aux terres non-conc^d^es, et par devant a la riviere St. CharUt.'— Papier Terrier, No. 6^ folio 896^ lOffM Man, 1781. St. Jacques, river, in the S. of St. OabrieL This small stream runs into the R. St. Charles about 2 miles below Jeune Lorette. St. Jacques, (R.), t;. St. Lambert, r. St. Jacques (V.), v. Isle Vbhte, S. St. Jean, fief, in the co. of St. Maurice, lies between the seigniories of Riviere du Loup, Mas- kinonge, and Carufel. It is f of a league in front by 2 leagues in depth. Granted, Oct. 13, 1701, to the Ursuline nuns of Three Rivers. A con- firmation of the grant with its augmentation. Mar. 27, 1 733^ gives it one league more in depth. The Ursulines still retain the property. The land is good and productive, and nearly the whole of the fief is cultivated, but very little of the augmenta- tion. It has some fine timber. Title.—" Concession du 13me Octobre, 1701, faite par Hector de Calliere, Gouvemeur, etjean Bochart, Intendant, aux Dames Beligieiiiei UriuUnei, des Troii Biviiret, de Tespace de terre conc^d^e, qui se trouve dans le lac St. Pierre au fleuve St. Laurent, du c6t£ du Nord ; conEistant d'environ trois quarts de lieues de front entre le Sieur Joteph Petit dit Bruno, Seigneur de Maildnoagi, et le Sieur Trotier de Beauhien, Seigneur de la Biviire du Loup, sur la profondeur de deM lieues.''_il^j'ijrf re d'Intendance, No. b, folio ;J4. Angmenlation.-—" Confirmation du 27me Mars, 1733, par sa Majex'f, d'une concession faite le lOme Dteembre, 1727, aux Dames Unulinei dca Trois BivUrei, d'un ter- rein joignant du cot^ du Nord-Est au fief de la RMire du Loiip, appartenant aux ditcs Religieuses, et du cute du Sud-Ouest au fief du Sieur Sicard, ayant environ trois quarts de lieue de front sur trois lieues de profondeur."— Intittuationt du Conieil Superleur, Bigirtre Q, folio 42. St. Jean, river, runs from the w. into a bay opposite Cap Dimond on the R. Saguenay. St. Jean, river, in the S. of Ste. Anne, in the CO. of Kamouraska. This small stream rises s. w. of Alount St. Barbe, and running n. w. joins the n. Ste. Anne near the line that divides the Ist and 2nd ranges of the S. St. Jean bb Baptiste (V. and P.), t;. Or- leans Island. t V On- 8 T St. Jban db Baptists (P.), v. Ecobboil*, 8. St. Jban OB Baptists (P.), v. Rouvills, S. St. Juan ob Baptists ( V.), v. St. Michsl, S. St. Jban Obschaillons or Ritibbb oir Cbbnb, seigniory, in the co. of LotUniere. This 8. with its augmentation is bounded N. s. by the 8. of Lotbiiiidre and its augmentation ; s. w. by Levrard and the t. of Blandford ; in the rear by a small triangular piece of waste land that sepa- rates it from the townships of Stanfold and So- merset ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — The ori- ginal grant is 2 leagues square and was made, Apr. 25, 1674, to Sieur St. Ours; the augmenta- tion is 2 leagues fronting the rear of the S. and 4^ leagues in depth, and was granted, Jan. 25, 1752, to Roc de St. Ours, Sieur Deschaillons: they are now the property of Charles de St. Ours, Esq. — The soil in general is of a favourable qua- lity, being either a good yellow loam or a fine black mould ; but, notwithstanding these advan- tages, cultivation has made but an indifferent progress. On the bank of the St. Lawrence there are two ranges of concessions containing about 150 farm lots, the majority of which appear to be under respectable management. Both the original grant and the augmentation are thickly clothed with wood of various species, better cal- culated for firewood than for any other purpose, and great quantities are supplied to the garrison and city of Quebec. — The Petite Riviere du Chine, which crosses the original grant diagonally and falls into the St. Lawrence a little below Cap k la Roche, is the only stream that waters this tract ; and it is not navigable at any season for any thing larger than a canoe : about half a mile above its mouth there is a good corn-mill. On each side of this river are settlements with roads, which traverse the seigniory and communicate with those of St. Pierre les Bequets, and finally reach the road, recently opened, leading into the t. of Bland- ford up to the Canadian settlement of Messrs. La- gueu, Langevin, and others, situated on the R. Becancour. The aug. has scarcely any means of irrigation. — A little distance upwards from Cap a la Roche a very neat church is seated on the bank of the St. Lawrence, which, along the whole front, is a good deal elevated. The houses of the tenantry are dispersed among the concessions by the side of the main road that passes close to the river ; they are mostly built with wood and have a very neat appearance. 8 T Statutk§. Population 658 Pmbyterin Churche*, R. C. 1 j Com>miUs . Cur^ . • IlSaw-miUr . Shopkeepen Artiuos I II Annual AgricuUural Prodnrt. Wheat OaU HOTMS Oxen Binh»l>. I Boahcl* . 5,^00 Potatoes a,»10 . heU. Rye . . 9!UU Indian corn H5 Live Stock. S62 1 Cows 110 1 Sheep 524 1 Swine 1,578 1 655 Title. — << Conceuion du 85nie Avril, 1671, au Sieur de St. Ouri, de deux lieues de terre de front le long du fleuve St. Laurent, k commencer qustre arpens audeiious de la Rivi£re du Chine en montant le dit lleuvc, avec deux lieues de profondeur dans lea dites terrei, nommie la Seigneurie DetchaUloHt."—Rfgiitre ici Fol ct Uommage, fblio 67. Ciiltieri SIntcndance, a a 9, folio iVi. Augmentation. — " Concession du 2oinc Janvier, 175!?, faite par le Marquis de La Jonquiire, Gouvemeur, et Franfoii Bigot, Intendant, k Hoc de St. Ouri, Sieur Dei' chailloHt, dans la profondeur de la riviere du Chine sur le meme front de la Seigneurie de la rividrc du Chine a lui d^ja conc4d£e, avec quatre lieues et demie de profondeur i prendre au bout des deux lieues que contient sa dite Seigneurie." — lUgittre d'Jntaidance, No. 10, folio 28.— fiy this concession of augmentation, and by the ratilica. tion of it, the first concession is said to contain only one league and a half, as per the Higiitre, No. Hi, folio 2, rt Int. Con. Sup. Letter K, folio 7. St. Jean Pobt Joli, seigniory, in the co. of L'Islet, is bounded n. e. by Reaume ; s. w. by the S. of L'Islet ; in the rear by the augmentation to the T. of Ashford ; in front by the St. Law- rence. — 2 leagues in front and depth. Granted, May 25, 1677> to Noel L'Anglois, and now be- longs to — Oaspe, Esq. — The land in front is rather low, but the uniformity is varied by a tri- fling ridge and a few rising grounds: towards the rear it is mountainous a id rugged. The soil is a mixture of light sandy earth and clay ; about the high lands it is poor and indifferent. About one- third of the tract is in a moderate state of cultiva- tion, and the settlements, generally speaking, have been brought by industry into a very respectable condition. — All the lands are conceded and sur- veyed. i\Iany farms were conceded before 1759, at the rate of 40 sols for each front urpent by 40 in depth ; the farms conceded since that period were granted on the same terms, with the exception of some, the rent of which does not exceed 3 livres per arpent. There are 4 ranges of concessions : 2 are settled, and 25 inhabitants are in the 3rd. The Ist is most settled and the soil is dry and sandy, except in the higher and lower ports, where the i III. lf I u 1 1 8 r ■oil is strong with a clay bottom. The 2nd con> cession is all strong soil upon clay. On the 3rd are maple and other hard wood, epinette, spruce, and black birch, but not much cedar. The 4th range is traversed by the mountain. The church, 120 ft. by 40, has two steeples and is surrounded by 15 houses, including the parsonage-house; it is close to the St. Lawrence, near which the main road passes ; there are also several other roads to the adjacent grants on each side. At the mouth of the B. Trois Saumons the valuable mills and di- stillery belonging to Mr. Harrower are very eli- gibly placed : the latter is an establishment of considerable magnitude, with every convenience for carrying on an extensive business; at high water decked vessels of twenty tons may come up to the premises. Over the river there is a good bridge. The beach at the mouth of the Trois Saumons is flat and thickly covered with detached rocks that run a good way out. From the St. Lawrence the view of the mills and surrounding objects, heightened by the pleasing natural scenery of the environs, is very agreeable. — At the mouth of the R. Port Joli vessels of 60 tons burden can enter, although the port is not so advantageous as that at the mouth of the Salmon River. — Beech, birch, maple, and pine timber are in great plenty, as well as most of the inferior kinds. The rivers Trois Saumons and Port Jol' have their sources in the mountains at the back of the sei- gniory, and, descending in a westemly Erection, water the S. very well : there are a few other streams of inconsiderable ttote.->A great number of persons in this parish have the means and are willing to make new settlements in the place of their birth and near their relatives, but there is no land for them, all being already occupied. Population 3,452 Churches, R.C. 1 Presbyteries . 1 Chapels . 1 Schools . I Statistics, Corn-mills . Saw-mills Distillery Merchants . 1 1 Tavenis 8 ! Artisans 1 Schooners 6 , Keel boats Annual Agricultural Produce. !i* Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Buihels. 19,700 18,500 1,000 Busheli. Potatoes 23,000 Peak . S,000 Indian com 112 6 25 6 12 Cwts. Maple sugar 178 Hay, tons 9^500 Live Stock. 000 1 Cows 550 1 Sheep 2,400 1 Swine 5,500 1 1,650 8 T rule;— " Concession du 25nM Mai, lfi77, flut* par Louli lie Buade, Comte de Froulenac, Oouvcmeur, et Jean Bochari, Intendant, a JVoft PAngiMn, de la consist- ence de deux lieues d« terre de front, le long du fleuv« St. Laurciil, du cut^ du Sud, k commencer depuis les terres qui appartiennent i la Demoiielle iMcamte, en re- montant le ait fleave, jusqu'i la concctnion de 1« D»4 moiselle Geneviiilio 301. St. Joachim (P.), v. Cote dr Bbaupbe. St. John, lake, in the co. of Saguenay, lies in an immense valley, and is the, reservoir or basin into which numerous largo rivers and streams empty themselves, many of which rise in the high lands that separate the Hudson's Bay territory from Lower Canada. It is situated in lat. 49* 32* 37' N. and between long. 71° 29* and 72° 9' w. It is 57j^ miles from Chicoutimi, about 35 leagues M. of Quebec and 6U leagues w. n. w. of Tadoussac. It covers about 510 square miles and is 90 miles in circumference ; in the widest part, from the mouth of the Metabetshuan to that of the Peribonea, it is about 30 miles, and in the narrowest part, from St. David's Point to Pointe Bleu, about IB miles. Lake St. John, called by the Indians Peaguagomi which means Flat Lake, is nearly circular and is remarkably shallow. This lake has two outlets, called the Grande Dicharge and the Petite DScharge, which issue from the n. b. side of the lake, about 2 miles from which they fwm a confluence and take the name of Saguenay River. Besides the communication with the St. Lawrence by means of the B. Saguenay, from Lake St. John a water communication, with portages, may be had through Lake Mistassinis and Rupert's River with James' Bay. A communication with the St. Lawrence may also be had through the Batiscan River, and another through the river St. Maurice or the Black River. A water communication with the Ottawa or Great River is also had through various streams and lakes emptying themselves into Lake St. John and the Saguenay, until the sources of the Ga- tineau are reached, which is navigable for canoes a distance of 300 miles. Such are the astonishing facilities of internal water communication afforded by the streams emptying themselves into Lake St. John, that there is no portion of Lower or Upper Canada to the successful defence or attack of which the possession of that lake might not be conducive: and this part of the province seems to be most important in a military point of view, for the 'it : HI 1 1' 8 T. JOHN. great vallcjr of Lake St. John could not be at- tacked bjr land, fiir no enemy could march over the mountain! by which it if on every tide surrounded. The Navigation of Lake St. John it subject to some difficulties; schooners of 30 or 40 tons may sail on the lake, but not very near its borders, which can only be iqpproacbed by flat-bottomed hM(« or berk canoes on account of shoals, par- ticularly near the entrance of the rivers; its depth varies from to 40 fathoms from one to two mUes from, the shore it in generally only 3 ft. deep, and this extreme shallowneM w common to the lake (th« depth of which in no part bears any proportion to its extent), and is the cause of the sea-like turbulence its surface assumes after the least wind, occanioning a violent ground swell and lofty breaker!), to which, at a diKtancc from the shore, the hardieHt voyageur is frequently unwill- Sng to expose himself. \J\yon placing the hand in the water on these occasions it feels very de- cidedly tepid. This shallowness and unusual tem- perature, by occaBioning a more rapid evaporation, may account for a fact which might otherwise be difficult, viz. six tolerably large rivers and several smaller ones fall into Luke St. John, while only one of moderate dimensions runs out of it. With the least wind from the north-west the waves run prodigiously high, which renders canoe na- vigation very dangerous here. The waters also rise very nipidly in time of rain and fall almost as suddenly, particularly when the wind is n. w., to which and the s. w. winds the lake is much exposed when a heavy swell runs to the opposite shore. In the autumn it is sometimes almost im- possible to cross it on account of the broken swells. Under the lee of the land there is no seu for some distance off the shore, but it has been seen to be one sheet of foam. The ice of the lake is not passable in safety before the lUth of January ; the first appearance of its forming on the lake is about the lUtli of November, and it begins to form all over about the beginning of January, but in consequence of the prevalcntwindsit isnot passable at that time. The lake is navigable all round but not in the centre about the latter end of April, and all over by the Rth or 12th of May. The Climate of Lake St. John is as mild oPi- milder than that of Montreal. Tliere is a differ- ence of 15 or 20 days between the vegetation at the Post and Chicoutimi, for at the latter place potatoe stocks, cabbages, and onions have been froat-bitten about the 33rd of Sept., while the potatoes at the Post on the hdce remained in flower and uninjured till about the 12tb of Oct. when they were dug up. This great difference in so small a distance is supposed by Mr. Nixon to arise from the low situation of the ground and the vicinity to salt water at Chicoutimi. Every thing that grows in the neighbourhood of Quebec and even melons can be produced on the borders of the lake, and the nights are less cold than in the surrounding country. In 1828, when, on ac- count of tn^Ii^sw, the crops almost entirely failed in the district of Montreal, and generally through- out Upper Canada, the little corn that was grown at Lake St. John was of vcrv good quality. The lake is frozen over about the middle of November and is clear of ice by the end of May; the interval of vegetation is therefore short but is proportion- ably more rapid. The ground will be in a state fit for cultivation before the lake is clear from ice, and will be free from frost, at least one foot deep, on or before tbu 1st of May, at which period 10 gallons of peas have been sown whicli proiluccd more than lO Lusbcb, although from the wetncMS of the season about one third of the crop was lost. These peas were harvested on the Ist of Sept. and among them were found nearly half a pint of wheat, which, as an experiment, were sown about the 7th of May, and when harvested on the 8th of Sept. produced full half of a Winchester bushel ; two of the ears, without selection, were examined and found to contain, one 41, the other 46 grains of com : the straw grew about 4 ft. in height. Ou the 3rd or 4th of May half a bushel of barley was sown, and produced, Aug. 5, from 5 to 6 bushels. A pint of Indian com, sown May 10th, produced at least 10 gallons, although much was destroyed by worms. Not quite 8 bushels of potatoes, planted in heaps, produced 300 bushels. These experi- ments were made without manure. Soil. — The shores of L.St. John abound within- exhaustible quarries of limestone and cxtensivebcds of fine marl. The s. shore, from Pointe Bleue to within about a league from the n. Metabetshouan, is composed of clay, slate, and carlxmiferous lime- stone. The N. shore, from the Assuapmoissoin to the Peribonea, is a sandy alluvium on a marly cluy ; from the Peribonea to the Kacouatimi it is a sandy swamp, and from the Kacouatimi to the Grande Decharge it is formed of syenite com- posed almost entirely of a brilliant felspar. The ST. s 6ns. 4 r f i W: • HiviT r«i HiiKiuMiiiy f'rt>tii Chiroiitiini 1 (j \ to Tfrrt'i KonipiU'* hlandf, tfc. — Po'mte Bltuc, about Q\ miles N. by B. from the R. Ouiatchouan, is a point of rock covered with moss and a small growth of cedar, from which the lake borders run w.n.w., describing a very wide bay around which the land appears of good quality, being timbered with ash, fir, balsam, spruce and cedar, and it is level to a considerable extent. Numerous small alder islands lie in the bay. — Isle aux Couleuvrts or Snake Island, called by the Iniitma Manitou-Mtnistottki, "the Evil Spirit's Island," lies nearly opposite the mouth of the Ouiatchouanish. Some voyagers have had the greatest disinclination to visit this island on ac- count of the number of snakes which were re- ported to exist there, and many wonderful stories of their forming festoons, knots, and lying toge- ther like a string of sausages, were told; but after traversing the whole island one shriveUed skin only has been seen. Pears too (probably un- der the guardianship of the snakes) were said to be abundant with equal foundation. — Grosse Isle is 1^ mile from Pointe a la Traverse ; it is about three-fourths of a league long and about 650 ft. wide, and is said to belong to the Ursulines. It is almost entirely a barren rock, but there is one farm on it of 90 acres which is under cultivation and the land is good ; the timber consists of spruce, elm, pine and ash. On this isle are blocks of granite. — Petite Isle lies at a little distance N. w. of Orosse Isle. — Dalhousie Islands lie oppo- site the outlets called Grande and Petite De- charge. — Prcsq'ile or The Peninsula is formed by the grand outlet on one side, and by the river Chicoutimi, and lakes Kiguagomi, Kiguagomi- shish. Alder River, Belle Riviere, the Kushpa- higan and part of Lake St. John, on the other sides ; it lies between 70° 34' and 71" 29' west longitude from Greenwich, and 4B° 14 38" and 48° 34' north latitude. The soil, which is a loam, is in general well adapted for settlement. The timber is red pine, cypress, white birch, sapin, white spruce, black birch, &c., all of moderate siic, except tiic pines, which are scattered here and there and are very large, but appear to be gencrully of bad quality. The land l)eyond the bank is level ; and if settlements were formed hcfp, ')oi?inning at Chicoutimi, which should al- ways Ik.' the central point, u road might by de- greoii be opened, communicating with Lake St. John ; this would be the more cany to make, us there in but one river to cross, and which (except during floods) may be forded. The Peninsula con- ST. JOHN. tains alwut 245,000 acres, and would consequently hold 2,450 inhabitants, allowing 100 acres to each. The climate is at least as mild as that of the neighbourhood of Quebec, but the spring is about 15 days later than at the post at the River Me- tabetshouan, on Lake St. John. This beautiful Peninsula is joined to the continent by an isthmus or portage of only one mile in length. Through the lakes and rivers, that bound the s. side of the Peninsula, a communication is kept up between Lake St. John and Chicoutimi, which is more particularly explained by the following table. Table of Distances from Lake St. John to Chicoutimi, bet/inning at the Mouth of Kuahpahigan or Belle Rivihre. 6 •Of IG) 171 Portifte of BeUtf RiTiire, 500 ystds. Mouth of Riviere des Aulnais. Falls of RiviOre des Aulnaia and Portage, 700 yards. Head of Lake Kiguagomishish or Portage of Kiguagomi. LakeOuiqui half a mile, Kiguagomi. 371 lOj m 31: 40) 34j 4->^ .301 60^ 44j SOi 62i b^ Mi 44J 4tlj *^ 4»i 2 i»i 33 34 4:ti 44 i 4(ij 6 26i 30 33 30i 30j 411 42J 44) 1 20^ 24 20 331 33) 351 361 311) '•i 23 26 .121 32) 341 351 3-J 3J Portage dcs Roches, 200 yards. Portage de I'lslct, 440 yards. Beau Poitage, 250 yards. Portage dc TEnfant, 200 yards. Portage du Chien, 210 yards. 1)1 Portage Ka Ka, 200 yards. 13 16 10 31 3* HI 121 IB^ 14) 91 H 01 12) 2) Portage of Chicoutimi. Chicoutimi. 2) Making a total distance of 55| miles from Lake St. John to Chicoutimi, exclusive of minor port- ages amounting to 2 miles. Fish. — Lake St. John abounds with many kinds of fish, particularly pike, carp, dor^', white-fish, awenanish, chub, and a fish called la munie which resembles the eel in colour, the dog-fish in shape, and the cod-fish in the head but much flatter ; its average length is 2[ ft. : the Indians arc very fond of it boiled, but the white people make no use of it except the liver, which is considered u delicacy ; it is also used for bait during the winter ■eason. The awenanish is siiid to be the most delicious fresh water fish in the world. Great quantities of fish arc taken at the mouth of the Ouiatchouan, which apiwars the most favourable place for setting the nets, and where the fish is found more abundant than in any other part of the lake ; it is salted and put into barrels for the use of the traders. The fish abounding between Chicoutimi and the Kushpahigan are red trout, watouche or chub-pike, carp and dorl' ; the last two are to be found only as far as the falls of the Belle Riviere: the red trout is only to be met with in Lake Kiguagomi and at the Portage de rislet, except a few in lakes Ouiqui and Kiguago- mishish, in which there are chub and carp in great abundance. There arc smelts in Lac Vert. —For other particulars relative to Lake St. John and the Peninsula, vide Vol. I., pp. 285—289, and also King's Posts. St. John (r.), t;. RicHFi.iRu, B. St. John, river,in the southern |)arts of tlic cos. of Bcllechassc, L'Iglet,KaraouruDka,and Rimouski, rises in three large branches called the South Branch, the Main Branch, and the West Branch which is also called the River Daaciuam. The South Branch rises in a lake near one of the sources of the Ameriian river Penobscot ; the Alain Branch issues from a small lake called the Ahpmoojeene- Oamook, in an extensive swamp near the province line, and on waste lands in the rear of the t. of Watford ; the West Branih or l)aai{uam has its head waters from the boundary line between 4e said to be gi'iierully deep, smooth and navigikblc from its remotest sources, and running through a country possi'Siiing every advantage of soil, climate and water-communication. The fine and extensive V S T valley of the St. John is every where worthy of attention. In this fine river, nature has provided a grand canal, traversing the richest portion of the province and affording an inland water-communi- cation of several hundred miles in extent. — The country on this b., above the Madawaska settle- ment, is rich and in every way suited to agricul- ture. From the entrance of the Madawaska the river St. John is settled on both sides down to the Great Falls, about 40 miles, and exhibits flourish- ing settlements. For the first 4 miles of the Ma- dawaska settlement on this river, there is every appearance of comfort, and the lands bordering on the river are remarkably fine, and in the high- est stbte of cultivation ; and the farms join each other the same as those on the old settlements on the banks of the St. Lawrence. The whole way on both sides as far as the Great Fall is well settled by a colony of .Acadians, who appear to be ia good circumstances, and the land is a rich loamy sol', in general. The river in the spring overflows its banks and leaves a deposit which fertilizes the ground to an astonishing degree. On cither side of the river, the platins or flat grounds extending inland for some distance, pro- duce abundance of hay and pasturage, and enable the inhabitants to keep numerous flocks and herds, and these would, if they had any means of getting them to market, be a source of great wealth to the settlement ; but they have unfortunately no main road, and use the river as such by means o( pirogues or small wooden canoes, and this even from house to house. Their communication with the St. Lawrence is extremely difficult, and has never been attempted with any produce or stock; and the people feel the disadvantages under which in this respect they are placed. They have, in going to the St. Lawrence, lif'teen leagues of water-carriage to perform up the River Madawaska and Luke Temiscouata, before they get to the portage, which is twelve leagues and entirely impracticable for carriages. They are distant from Fredcrickton in New Brunswick upwards of fifty leagues, and the interruption of the Great Falls as well as a want of roads in that direction also precludes them from that market. — The only description of commerce hitherto attempted on this river is the lumlicr trade to the Bay of Fundy, and this trade might be carried on most extensively. St. John, river, in the co. of Sagncnay, runs into the o. w. side of the h. Saguenuy. It is said S T that there is good anchorage at its mouth for all sorts of vessels. On its banks and near its mouth, is about a square mile of culturable land, which is in Ion. 690 42' , lat. 48" 13' 15". St. Joseph (F.), t>. Monnoir, S. St. Joseph (L.), v. Ontarietsi. St. Joseph (P.), ti. Lanoravk, S. St. Joseph, seigniory, in the co. of Bcauce, is bounded N. e. by Frampton ; r. w. by Broughton ; in the rear by Vaudreuil ; in front by Ste. Marie. — 3 leagues in breadth by 4 in depth. Granted, Sept. 23, 1736, to Sieur Rigaud de Vaudreuil : and is now the property of the Hon. P. E. Taschereau. The w. section belongs to Fleury Delagorgondicre and the widow of the Hon. A. L. Duchesnaye. The surface is uneven and rocky in several places ; yet the land is tolerably good, and in general very productive where it is under culture. Timber of almost every descrip- tion is found in great plenty. The Kiver Chau- diere passes through the centre, dividing the S. nearly in equal proportions. Vn each side the r. are settlements at a little distance from the bank, where agriculture has been carried on with good success. Besides these tracts, there are, in dif- ferent parts of the interior, a few concessions that have also made considerable progress. The farm- houses by the road side, on each bank of the river, are numerous, neat and substantial, denoting the ease and comfort of their occupants. Here is scarcely any stream except the main river. — The S. has a church and parsonage-house, and at the lower part are valuable com and saw-mills. Sttttittks. Population 1,930 Churches, R, C. 1 Cur^s . . I Preabyterics . I Schools Wheat . OlltM . Harlry . I'utatofN H<)r«e« Oxen Cum-milU . CardinK-millH Fullinft-inills Saw'-millH . 8 1 Notaries I I Shopkeepers I I TavvniN (i ArtiHans . I 3 it Annual Agricullnral Produce. Buthrli. I DiiihrU, l.'i,<)(N) Vvm . 3,MN( 7,!N)I) Kye . \m <),»IU Uuck wheat 0(1(1 8(),(J()U Indian com 44)() Maple RUftar, cwtii. 473 Hay, ton* 1,103 I Ave Stock. :m I Cows 370 1 Sheep HW I Swine . 3,744)1 I.IJO TMe.—" ConecMion An JJ3nie Septembre, 1730, i'aite par Charln Alarquit de Btauharnoii, Oouvemeur, et (iillci Ilmquart, Intendant, au Sieur Higaud de VuudreuH, do troin lieucK de terre de front et deux lieuen do pro- fondeur, den deux rc'itin de la riviere du Sault dr la Chau. diire, eti remontant, ennemble tuUH len laeH, inleii et inlets (|ui a'y truuvent, • conimencet li la fin d* la roneenion 443 I J )F ¥ V i .'. ' 'i .i ST nroonK'e uijourd'hui bu Steur Taichereau."—Rfgiitre iflnUndanct, No. S, folio 8. St. Joseph (V.), v. Lauzon, S. St. Jomrph (V.), v. St. Michel, S. St. Joseph (V.), v. Soulanob, S. St. Lambert, river, is a continuation of the Ruisscau St. Jacques, which rises in the n. e. extremity of the t. of Sherrington and runs n. near to the church of St. Philip in the S. of Laprairie, where it takes the name of St. Lam- bert; it then descends towards the v. of La- prairie, 20 arpents below which it falls into the St. Lawrence, after having received the waters of the little river St. Cloud. It traverses the com- mon s. of the village and within ^ of a league of it crosses the road from St. John. It is navigable alxiut half a league from its mouth, but only in the spring. St. Lawrence (I.), v. Orleans, I. St. La "rence, river, also called the Iroquois and the Cataraqui. This noble river has been so amply described in tlie first volume fvide paije I. "id et seq.J, that it is only necessary to insert here some interesting information relative to its navi- gation, which, although highly useful to those who navigate it, was thought of too dry a nature to interest the general reader, and was therefore omitted in the first volume. Abstract of the " Report and Evidence on the Chan- neh of the St. Lawrence, printed by order of the House of Assembly, 182!)." Pierre Ilonneav. — I am a liceniicd pilot ; there is a passage between the KOiitli sliore of the lie hux L'oudrc.i ui.d 8i'al Shoal which Inrge vessels may ascend at li't;!) tidt'; the bottom of the channel is sandy, anil over it a few s:onc» iiru scattered ; it must be well known to proceed that way ; few piloiB are acquainted with it, and seven ves.sels having run foul of each other in a fog, the inhabitants of lie sux (Joudrca conducted ihcni to Quebec by the noith ; two of them ran aground, and if the weather had bein worse i!!id n culm had not come on, tluy would have been hhipwrecUed. — Amonj< the aliipwrei'ks which have occurred in that passage, I recol- lect tlial of a large vessel conducted liy one (iodcbout; that shipwreck would not have taken place hud he been ucipiulnted with that pa!itn, whidi was cast on shore on He l(oU|.'e and had sustained much ii^jury, was conducted under my direction lo the lie aux Coudres to l>e careened. A vessel sustaining damage on descending nii:'lit be tvpuired at lie aux Coudr>H and pursue her voyage, whereas if obliged lo go back In Quebec she would be lorced to winter there; vtssils wliich du not Mtil until late in the autumn mal.c uiucli buttt.r puss- S T ■gcs by the north channel, for by that coune they ttroid the ice which collects in larger quantities in the louth channel ; and were I free to choose for myself between those two chan- nels, having a vessel to conduct in the autumn, I should pre- fer the north channel ; from the Brandy Pots to Crane Ituuid there is no securer harbour, sheltered against strong winds, than \m Prairie at lie aux Coudres, and all B^ols ought to know it. Liciit.-Col. BoucUetIc, surveyor-general.— From obserrB- tions of the north channel, made in the summer of 18:27) I sni of opinion that this channel is not only practicable, but of the greatest service to tlie navigation of tnat part of the river, and this opinion agrees perfectly with that of Capt. Bayfield of the roynl navy. I cannot account for this channel being abandoned and neglected after it hod been practised by the French previous to I7SU, and at that period also adopted by the British fleet. I am fully of opinion that a perfect know- ledge acquired of that channel would be of great utility for the purpose of navigation. — As fat a relates to the sound- ings, bearings, position of shoals and general coune of the south channel, I believe the maritime chart of Mr. John Lambly to be correct, but not us to the configuration of the land on both sides of the St. Lawrence and shape of the islands. Frutifoh Cloiiticr, of the parish of Sle. Anne, Innkeeper. —I know the channel between the Cote de Beaupre and the Island of Orleans ; I believe some benefit would result from its being better known to the pilots, particularly with respect to the ice in the autumn ; I know of no otiier reason why it should not be generally frequented than that it is compara- tively narrow in some places, and that there are shoals which cioss each other. A little below the upper end of the Island of Orleans there is n sand bank, which runs about half a league from Beaupr^', leaving only a channel of about In acres wide ; there is another shoid, which runs Ooin the Island of Orleans and stretches about half a league immediately below the river Alontmorenci ; these two shoals cross each other about 12 or 1>> acres; at the end of this shoal, which is gene, rally called the Batturedu Pavilion, the channel is only about Ti acres wide for about 10 or 12 acres ; thence the channel is pretty regular as far as the Islets du Chateau Rich^'. These islets divide tlic channel into two ; that on the north is almost impassable, that on the FOuth is good and is about 12 acres wide ; the least depth of water when the tide is out is about 5 fathoms. — ThcSainteFamillc shoal stretches about a quar- ter of a Ie!iguu fVoni the shore, whence the channel is good as far down as the church of tiuinte Anne, where there is a shoal which runs about :U! aTpinta. leaving also a good channel on the north ; thence as fur as the river iSte. Anne there is only about five fathoms of water, and afterwards below the lower end of tl'.e island tlic currents form a sand bank, which stretches abci.t a league and a quarter, leaving in the north channel about six or ci((ht tathoms of water : this channel can only be occasionally used, for in some parts it is so narrow that it would be impossible to lack a ship in it. Last spring I took up a ship drawing l<'> feet water by this channel, and having a leadi.ig wind 1 ixperienced no difficulty; the an. clioruge is every where goml. Hciinj Hiii/Jidil, Ks(|,, commander in his Majesty's navy. — During last summer I surveyed and sounded that part of the river wliiili is ineludcd between the city of Quebec and lie aux Coudres. The north iiiid south channels of the St. Laurence have e.idi tlu ir advantages and disadvantages. The princinal advantuge wliich the south channel possesses is that the tides are not strong «s in the north channel, excepting in and near the Uaverse, so great advantage in having; two channels instead of one, and therefore there cannot be a doubt that it would tind to im- prove the navigation of the river if the pilots wire by law bound to make tlien^aelves equally acipiainted with buih chan- nels, and indeed with every part of the river, as is the case in other countries.— In the course of our researches last summer we iliscovered a third channel which has never been before noticed. It is not so good as cither of the others, but ought to be well known. The western entrances of this channel arc between the islanils to tlie westwatti of < rune Island ; the Iirineipul entrance boiiie between He aux Ueaiix and (irossu le, the whole of which have bidi represented as iinpussahle iVom shoal water in the most reienlly publlshid chart of the riven passing to the northward of Crane niid (iiMise l^lunds, &c. this channel is divided into two branches liy S™l shoals, the one brai.ch passing to the soutliwiird of tho>.e ."lio.ils, and between them and the I'illars, ji ins the south elmnnel. pass- ing, like it, thrmij;h and nut between the buoys of the tra- verse. — This cliiiiiliel, lHtwei.n the I'illars and Seal Shiiuls, is Hiirrnw and d.iiigermis, 1 ut the other branch, wliieh passes to the northward ol Seal .^houls, and between tliim and lie aux Coudres, is a wide cliannel, and has the advantage of avoid- ing the traverse entirely; but, on tlie other hand, I di not think that it has more than three fathoms of water at low water during spring tides ; in one part, and for a short di- stance between the ■'^eal Shoals (la Uutture aux I.onps ^Ih- rins) and He aux Coudres, the bottom in this chanticl is good for anchoring and the tides not so strong as In the other channels, but it po sses ses no good roailsted, and there are many shoals. As the north and south channels are sufHrior to this middle channel, I do not recommend it for genenil use, but as vessels have, in north-easterly gales and thick weather, been frequently driven up between the Seal Shoals and the Pillars, and also between the Seal Shoals and ('ou- drea, and in all probability will frequently be so again, I am decidedly of opinion that the pilots should become acquainted with this channel also, in order that they may be able to ex- tricate a vessel so situated.— I think the dangers of the north and south channels about equal. The anchorage at He aux (.'nudres is a great advantage to the north channel The short distance to which the shoal water extends olf the north coast is also an advantage, and so may be also the height of tliat coast in some respects, but on the other hand its moun- tainous character causes heavy squalls in north-west winds, which however occur very sehloni during the months of .Sep- tember and Octob:r, in which we were there, and in which also that wind is most frequent : the wind, in nine days out of ten, is neither directly up or down the river. — In the chan- nel Iwlween He aux Coudres and the north coast the water is too deep and the tide too rapid for vessels conveniently to anchor, but there is a small bay at Laprairie, on the r.oith side of He aux (Coudres, where vessels may safely anchor in all winds, out of the strength of the tide and in a moderate depth of water. They must anchor near the shore, but the ground is excellent, and there is seldom or never any sea which can affect a vessel. I am of opinion, if a pier were constructed here, that this place would form an excellent situation as a depot for caulking, repairing, and loading ves- sels, particularly late in the autumn, and that vessels might sail with greater safety and later in the season from this phice than from Quebec, as they wnuld by so doing have fifty miles less of the most dangerous part of the river to pass through than thiise from tile latter place. — Laprairie liay, on the north side of ('(imiri'f, is the best sheltered of any roadslcd Iwlweeii Quebec and Mare Island, but the space in which large ves- sels Can anchor is small ; 1 think that not more than ten large vessels could ride at anchor there at the same time, but until our charts arc constructed I cannot speak positively o.^ to the exact number.--! am of opinion that vessels might in general sail later in this sca.son by taking the north cliunnel insieail of the south, because the testimony of many of the inhabit- ants, whom 1 have iiuestioned, wiiit to assure me tl.at the north channel remains for weeks in the autumn clear of ice lifter the south channel bos been contpletely tilled by it. That tliis r,.'pnrt of the inhabitanui is correct 1 have no doiibt, as the si'.oals, on uhich Ice is fiist formed, are hss extensive in tlie north than in the south channel, and at tlie season uf ice northerly winds prevail much more than those from the . are under good cultivation. The concessions, luade before 17^9, extended 3 arpents in front by 40 in depth, at the moderate rent of livres 18 sols and subject to all the usual seignorial rights and dues. — The timber is abundant and consists of maple, wild cherry, beech, whitewood, fir, cedar, sapin and spruce. — This S. is watered by the Chaudiere, du Domaine, Le Bras, Noire, Dur- bois, Belaire, Labbee and Lessard. — A road ex- tends 2 leagues on each side of the Chaudiere, and there is a road in front of each concession. — In the parish of Ste. Marie are 43,020 arpents of land unconceded and fit for cultivation ; over this extent roads have been marked out and opened, and a .great part has been surveyed and allotted as is us'ial in the seigniories. — The Village of Ste. Marie is the largest and most flourishing on the Chaudiere; it consists of 39 houses, including the manor-house, two seignorial houses, a cus- tom-house and two good inns; there is also a church with a parsonage-house. At the convent, a well-built stone edifice of 2 stories, 2U to 25 girls are instructed. Tliere are two annual fairs, one held in Alarch and the other in Sept. — In this S. there are nearly 900 families. The num- ber of persons both willing and able to make new settlements is not considerable, us may be inferred from the fact, that all those young persons who have lately taken lands have not as yet erected any buildings; the lands taken and those not 8 T •« f taken are all of good quality. This S. li uttiated on the public road from Quebec to Boston, by the Kennebec road. a. Population 4,600 Cburcbes, R. C. 1 Curfs . . 1 Convents . . 1 Schools . . 1 Villages . . 1 Corn-mills . 1 SlalUtics. Carding-mills Fulling-mills Saw-mills . Tanneries . Potterie8 Potasheries Pearlashcries Medical men Notaries Sho|)keppcrs Taverns . . Artisans . . 1 1 1 (i 4 31 Wheat . Oats Bariey . Potatoes Annual Agricultural Produce, Buihelt. Buhheli. 20,800 Peas . 10,400 Indian corn 1,000 Mixed grain 800 12,500 9,100 42,000 Maple sugar, cwts. 759 Hay, tons 3,500 Horses Oxen the Stock: 1,495 I Cows . 2,4181 Swire . 2,550 868 I Sheep . 8,900 1 Title. — " Concession dii 23mc Septembrc, 1736, faite par la Marquis de Beauharmtis, Gouvcmcur, et Gillet Him-- quart., Iiitendiuit, au Sicur Taic/icrcau, de trois lieiies de terre de front xur deux lienes de profondciir, des e^tes de la rivitrc dite S:iult de la Cliaudiire, en remojitant, en com- men(;ant u I'endroit V/slct au Sapiu, iceltii compris, en- semble les lacs isles et islets sc qui troiiveront dans la dite riviere dans la dite etendue de trois licucs." — Rigittre d'Intcndunce, No. B, folio IS. Ste. Marie, seigniory, in the co. of Cham- plain, is bounded n. e. by the n. Ste. Anne;. 8. w. by the S. of Batiscan ; in the rear by the first aug. to the S. of Ste. Anne ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — •] league broad and ^ league deep. Granted Nov. 3, 1672, to Sieur Lemoine and is now the property of M. Boisvert. The front is inundated by the St. Lawrence in the spring. Nearly two-thirds are under cultivation on the river Ste. Anne. This grant is watered by the rivers Batiscan and Ste. Anne, and pos- sesses a corn and a saw-mill. — The manor-house is agreeably situated near the mouth of the river Ste. Anne. Title. — " Concession du 3nie Novenibre, IG72, faite ))ar Jean Talon, Inteml;int, nu Sieur Lemoine, de trois quarts de lieue de terre sur doini lieue do jirofoiideur, d iirentlre sur le fli'uve St. Laurent, depuis Ihiibitatioii des jiOres Jl;. suites, iu>'(|u'a, la rivitre Ste. Anne, suppost que eette quantite y ioit " — Heghtrc d'lutcndancc, No. I, folio 3i. St. Martin (P.), r. Isle Jksus. St. Maurice, county, in the district of Three Rivers, is bounded n.e. by the co. of Champlain ; s. w. by the N. E. boundary of the fief Dusabli- or York, to the depth of that fief, and thence by a line on the same course prolonged to the n. boundary of the province ; n. w. by the n. boundary of the province ; s, k, by the St. Lawrence, together with islands i 4t river i. reat to the county, HI the wK or in put fronting the same, oompriscf t Seigniories of Ste. Marguerite, be- Maurice, lf^unt du I,iac, Oatincau, Orosbois or Yaniachiche, Hivii re du Loup, Grand Pr6, Pief St. Jean and ita augmentation, Slaskinonge, Ca- rufel, and part of Lanaudiere. Its extreme length is 240 miles and its breadth 28^, containing 0810 square miles. Its latitude on Lake St. Peter is 4e» 1 7 30" N. long. 72° 42' 30" w. It sends two members to the provincial parliament and the place of election is at Yamachiche. The prin- cipal rivers are the St. Maurice, Maskinong^, du Loup, Grande Alachiche and Petite Machiche; the principal lakes are the Kempt, Matawin, and Shasawataisi. The face of the country, along the St. Lawrence and for several leagues in depth, is generally level, and is composed of a light sandy soil and clay ; in the interior the land is uneven, and traversed by ridges of high lands. The prin- cipal settlements are chiefly along and in the vici- nity of the St. Lawrence ; and on each side of the several rivers above named, ranges of fine cul- tivated farms and handsome houses are to be seen almost all along the whole rotite or post road, from Three Rivers westward, leading through several flourishing villages, the chief of which are Ri- viere du Loup, Machiche, and Point du Lac; in these villages are handsome churches, schools, taverns, &c. The t. of Three Rivers is situated within this co. at the entrance of the St. Maurice, and there is a good road leading from it to the forges of St. JMauricc, about 9 miles n. vr, of the town. Of the numerous roads that traverse this CO. in every direction, many require considerable improvement. Slalistics. Population I j,'^89 Churelii's, I'ro. i Cliurelies,ll.C ( Uiri's Presbyteries Convents Towns Court-houses (iiiols X'illages Corn-mills . Saw-mills . Curdiiifr-mills l''ulling-niills Distilleries . llreweries I'ouiideries . Tanneries Potteries Potaslieries I'earlaslieries Sliopkn'jiers Taverns Artisans Ship.yards . Hiver-traft Tonnage . Keel-bouts . 3 3 4) :n) 119 3 6 203 7 Annual Agricultural Produce. Busliela. Diishpln, Bushels Wheat . WMiUO Peas . 14,610 Mixed grain 4,280 Oats . 8,i,!»(M) Hye . 3,l.i0 "' Barlev . 1.%0HI) Uiick-wlicat2,5(M) Potatoes 129,880 Indian corn 330 Live Stock. Horses . 4.401 i Cows . 7,565 1 Swine Oxen . 4,550 1 Sheep . 20,5801 R r2 Mu|)le sugar, ewts. 61-8 Hay, tons 32 6(J0 6,720 h','1 I'; ST. MAURICE RIVER. ! 4 :':;S1 :ii] St. Maurice Rivrr, in the counties of Port- neuf, Cbuinplaiii, and 8t. Maurice, is one of the largest rivers that puur their waters into the St. Lawrence, although its depth is inconsiderable; it is inferior only to the Ottawa and the Sague- nay. It drains an extent of country more than 140 miles in length and from 20 to 100 miles in breadth, equivalent to about 8400 square miles. It rises far in the interior of the country, near the skirts of the n. w. ridge of mountains, in a large lake called Oskelanaio. Its course is, gene- rally, from N. to B. inclining a little to the K. Its tributary hikes and streams are very numerous, besides rivers of a large size capable of carrying canoes. Among the latter may be enumerated the Kasikan North Bastonais Pisiiay Bastonais Kibboii Aux Rats Windieo Vermilion Alattouin Shawenegaii. After passing the Falls of Shawenegan, the St. Maurice turns again to the s., having run for some distance w., and becomes the boundary line between the S. of Cap de la Madeleine and the lands belonging to the Forges of St. Maurice. It soon after forms the n. e. boundary of the S. of Ste. Alarguerite, and falls into the St. Lawrence below the town of Three Rivers, forming several islands at its mouth. — The navigation of the St. Maurice, whose banks are generally high and co- vered with large groups of fine majestic trees, is practicable for boats as for as La Tuque, with the exception of 7 portages utthc following places, the shortest of which extends about two acres and the longest about nine. From Tlirce Rivers to Portagii GabcUe From Gnbelle to Portage aux Grais From aiix Grais to Portage ShawenegHii From SliBwoiiegaii to mix Hi-trcs From aux Hctres to Grand iVlere From Grand Mere to Petit Pille From Petit Pille to Grand Pille From Grand Pille to the Portage of La Tuque LeaguM. a Oh H \i \' 26 38 From Grand Pille to La Tuque the current of the river is gentle and navigable for bateaux, with the exception of a few small rapids. Above the Post of La Tuque the B. is about half a mile broad, and in the spring the waters rise near the post to an extraordinary height, as evinced by the roots of trees found on the top branches of large trees in the meadows, &c. Near the mouth of the n. Vermilion the St. Maurice becomM very much interrupted by rapidi, so much so that it is usual with the traders to ascend the Vermilion and then through a chain of small lakes with portages to re-enter the St. Maurice. At Wemontichinque the St. Maurice is divided into three branches: at this place, situated in 47° SO" n., the Hud- son's Bay and King's Post Company have trading stations. Up one of these branches which runs from the w. is a most extraordinary chain of lakes and navigable waters which probably has not its parallel in Canada or any other country. The number of these lakes is stated at 23, varying in si/e and depth, the greatest of which is called Kempt Lake, after his excellency the late admi- nistrator. In many places here the water is found upwards of 40 fathoms. Soil. — From the mouth of the river the soil, particularly on the west bank, is very sandy and clothed with white pine, spruce, and white birch, and occasionally the sameness is diversified with a few spots of rich foliage. Nearer the Forges, which are about 9 miles above Three Rivers, the banks rise more boldly and to a considerable height. From Pointe a la Hache to the Falls of Oabelle, about 6 miles, the land varies much in its quality ; where the sandy loam prevails it is timbered with pine, fir, aspin, spruce, and white birch; where it is clayey the maple, beech, basswood, and yel- low or black birch is generally interspersed. In one place there is a white spruce or tamarac swamp, a description of bog shaking earth, in which are generally found the ores used at the Forges. The Falls of La Gabelle are interesting to the geolo- gist, for besides the limestone that abounds there, much sandstone and other minerals are to be found in the vicinity ; the land about the falls is of arable quality, containing, however, much gravel inter- mixed with the loam beneath the vegetable mould. At the Falls of La Grais the land exhibits very favourable appearances for settlement to a con- siderable extent. Beyond the Grais the land im- proves and the banks of the r. present an ex- cellent tract of country as is evinced by the rich verdure of the foliage, particularly on approach- ing Pigeon Island which partakes of the alluvial; the elm, basswood, beech and birch are intermixed with the spruce, balsam, pine and cedar. From the R. Shawenegan to Snake Point, nearly 4 m. from Portage des Hctres, the banks slope gently to the river and present eligible seats for settle- ST. MAURICE RIVER. the rich approach- ! alluvial ; Intermixed kr. From learly 4 m. [)pe gently for settle- ' ment : the xnl ii generally a loam with a clay faottom and ii timbered with upruce, tir, cedar, birch and pine, with occasionally some elm. In the Portage des Hi-tres the land, which is in some places indiflerent and somewhat stony, is timbered with beech, fir, maple, pine, and hemlock, with some birch and cedar. From this portage the banks assume a bolder aspect and the right bank is much broken and the soil is a light sandy loam generally timbered with spruce, pine, birch, some cedar, and balsam. The soil over the portage at the Falls of Grande Alcre is of indifferent quality and is timbered with spruce, fir, white birch, and pine. At the Petites Pilles the soil and timber are similar to those below the Forges. At the Grosses Pilles, about 4^ miles higher up, the land becomes quite rugged and broken and the soil sandy and unfit for the purposes of agriculture, producing only, particularly on the e. side, a stinted growth of birch and fir. From Isle aux Fraises the land on each side assumes a moun- tainous aspect and oifers no fitness for agricultural purposes or for settlement. From the R. iVIetinac to the Rivieres des Cinqs the banks of the St. Mau- rice, with few exceptions, are broken and moun- tainous and unfit for settlement ; the only timber is white birch, spruce, tamarac, small red pine, some cedar and hemlock. In many places the shores are iron-bound and the stream very rapid. Opposite the mouth of the r. Batiscan the western bank is particularly bold and abrupt and rises into prominent capes about 200 feet high. About a mile beyond the Trading Post of the Hudson's Bay Company, which is between the two rivers aux Rats, the hills rise to 300 feet, discovering fre- quent clifis which dip generally to the N e. The land below the mouth of the Bastonais is of a better description, although the opposite bank is still hilly and unculturable ; from the Bastonais to La Tuque the banks, although hilly, are not so broken and rugged as they are below that river : the Portage of La Tuque is over a very sandy soil, producing abundance of blue berries, and the timber is red pine, spruce, and cypress. Above the Post of La Tuque the land in the distance pre- serves the same mountainous character as below La Tuque, and appears in every respect unfit for settlement. — By the preceding nccountof the soil in difierent places on the St. Maurice, abstracted from the Report of the Deputy Surveyor-General, the following general description of the soil is sup- ported. The lands, from the Forges of Ht. Mau- rice for 15 leagues on each side of the r., arc con- sidered susceptible of cultivatinn ; thence the coun- try becomes rough and mountainous. Higher up. beyond the Ifi leagues, there are many spots sus- ceptible of cultivation, but are too small to admit of any considerable settlement. In the first I;*i leagues the timber is maple, beech, elm, ash, but- ternut, red pine, white pine, spruce, balsam, white and black birch. The timber above this part of the river and on the more rough and mountainous parts consists, on the mountains, principally of white birch and small red pine; on the more even parts the timber is much the same us on the first-mcntionud 15 leagues. For the first 15 1. the soil is various. On the smoothest and best part of the country it is loam with u thin small coat of black soil, and much the same as that in the eastern townships. The hills are more rocky than the lower lands. Above these 15 leagues the soil, on the small culturable spots, is much the same as below, but the mountains are rocky and hardly culturable. From the river Mnttouin up- wards rocky mountains in many places cxti.>nd to the very shore of the St. Maurice, an'i some of them are lofty. From the appearance of tlic soil on both sides of the river for 1 5 leagues atiove Three Rivers, it may be presumed that there is an extent of land on both sides capable of admit- ting large settlements. Mountains.^pn the eastern bank of the St. Alauricc are two mountains which are spoken of by travellers. The Caribou Mountain rises near 200 feet, showing the face of an abrupt granite cliff, by the foot of which runs a very swift current. About three miles alwve it is tUrd Mountain or L'Oiseau, as it is called, ncorly 250 feet high, and the rocks of which the clitl'is com- posed recede about 40° from the vertical towards the N. E. — The m(X)sc deer, beaver, otter and rab- bits arc so numerous, that Mr. Brownson's party had not the least difficulty in taking as many as they wanted for 20 men. There are ducks also, but they are not numerous. Is/amis. — In the n. St. Maurice are at least 14 small islands from one to 50 acres in extent; about one half of them consist of good land, and the .soil in liie larger islands is better than that of the smaller. Among the principal islands may be numbered Bird Island, Isle du Cinq, la Pcclie, and Pigeon Island. ijl! '■V % T. MAURICE RIVER. (f Fuh- — The St. Maurice abounds with fish, par- ticularly bass, pike, pickerel, trout, and white fish similar to that caught in Lake Ontario, and which is not found in the St. Lawrence ; a species called Ouatassa or Whahatoosee, weighing from 1 to 21bs., is peculiar to the part of the river near the Falls of Grande Mere : most of the fish, particularly the pickerel, are of superior quality and flavour. Fish is so plentiful that Mr. Brownson's party found no difficulty in catching what they wanted for supper while the men removed their effects from the canoes and lighted a fire. The Post of La Tuque is amply supplied with very fine dore, pike, and other fish at the mouth of the B. Bas- tonais and at the island La Pcche. The Falls on the St. Maurice which have more particularly attracted the notice of travellers are chiefly in the lower part of its course. The Fall of the Grais is about ,', u league above the Fall of Ga- belle, and can only be considered as a cascade whose waters are separated into several channels by a few islets clothed with rich foliage, and presenting cflcct from the lower end of the portnge. The Falls of Gubelle are about 25 ft. high uud descend through a partial contraction of the river, piissessiiig little of the picturesque. — Tlu; Fall of the Gro.isis Pilles is merely a cascade of ITi or 20 ft., altho\igh it renders a portage necessary of about 30 yards, from which the right bank of the n. is seen to rise into high perpendicular clifl's of 2.'»0 to HOO feet, one in particular much resembling Cape Dianumd. The rock of whidi the cliff is cimi- posed is chiefly primeval granite, dipping about 45" N. K. A few shrubs grow in the crevices of the rock, and its summit is thinly clothed with fir, spruce, and small white birch. — Tiie Fall of t/ir J'ctilr.i J'illrs can only he considered us a rapid too dangerous for the passage of eancKS, although some voyagers have ventured down at great risk. — The Fulls of Griniile Mhv ore about 2 leagues aliove the Metres \ature, without giving to this fall the suiiliuiity or the height of the Sbiivvene- gan, has collected a pleasing c(mtininitiou of ob- jects to reward the traveller. Two isl.uuls occa- sion three .separate falls in the whole width of the river, which is here about l.'i chains l)ri)itd, each varying from the other. The eastern fall, and the most considerable for the ImhIv of water which fulls )R'rpeiidicularly alniiit MO feet, lies 1m.'- tween the ea.itcrn sliore and the large island which is covered with spruce and fir, aiul is a pretty curtain fall. The centre fall is the most insignificant of the three, and falls down an inclined plane receding about 20° from the ver- tical, which together with the western fall or ca- taract is undermining the second and small island, which is a large mass of rock whose summit is partly covered with spruce, fir and white birch — The Fall of les Hitres is more of a rapid than a cascade, being frequently descended in large ca- noes by expert bowmen, who are well acquainted with the course of the channel, which the voyageurs term fild'eati. — The stuiiendous Falls of the Shawe- negan are about GJ miles lower than the Hctres. Few falls or places indicate the marks of some extraordinary catastrophe or convulsion of nature so much as the Shawenegan : for that its present channel is the effect of some former event, or frac- ture in the vertical strata, may appear almost cer- tain. Above the falls the general course of the St. Alaurice is from the cast towards the upper land- ing, and the di.stance lietween this nnd the lower landing is but 341 yards, forming a peninsula com- posed of calcareous strata, with a thick surface of clay and loam tliat could have been easily pene- trated ; the river thence suddenly bends its course towards the south-east, and, being divided into two channels, precipitates itself near 150 feet per- pendicular, and rushes with terrific violence against the face of the dift' l)elow, where the two chan- nels are again united, and thus this great body of water forces its way through a narrow passage not more than 30 yards wide. It is probable that in the course of time the small ))eninsula will form an ishuid, and that the St. Maurice will pour down its waters near the mouth of the river Shawe- negan. Art could effect a cunal, ut an expense which would lie trifling in comparison with the ad- vantages to Ih! derived front it, in the event of an extensive settlement being made upon the St. Maurice. — The most rcmarkuiile place on the St, iMnurice is the Post of La Tuiiue,about 100 miles from the town of Three Hivers; it is separated from the fulls by a co>'ical hill principally com- ]M)scil of granite rock containing quarts, mica, and feldspar. The post is in 47° IH' ',W n. lat. by observation, and longitude "3° w, by ac- count, variation of the compass 11° w. It is a )iliice of trade for the King's l*ost Company and the Hudson's Hay Company, who have respvCtivcly an establishment here, which couse(|uently excite a spirit of opposition injurious, perhap», to ime or 8 T S T other of the parties, and ultimately so tu the na- tives. The King's Post Company's establishment consists of two dwelling-houses, a store, &c. ; the Hudson's Bay of a dwelling-house only, which is however the best at the post. The winter com- mences here about the end of October and the snow disappears and the river is free from icii about the end of May. The winter is exceed- ingly cold, and in summer, which is excessively hot, the sand-flies and Musquitoes are more nu- merous here than in other places on the St. Mau- rice, which is obcasioned, perhaps, by the extensive low ground and marshes about the post and the extensive meadows on the islands near it. The following table of the distances of the re- markable places on the St. Maurice, between Three Rivers and the Post of La Tuque, is ex- tracted from the Report of the deputy surveyor- general, who lately made nn exploring survey of this tract and ascertained the extent of the portages. 4J 16 Forg »1 71 To Osbelle. 660 yards Pottage. llQrais. 1034 yards do. 211 I2J 7 SI Shawcnegan. 554 yards do. 28} 341 _101 25j 14 121 7 Hetn Es. 610 yards do. 20 181 13 Oraodc Mere. 336 yards do. 371 42 53 Kil 7:«1 704 2Ri 3:t 44 541 70J 23 211 16 9 3 PetitesPUles. 200 yards do. 271 20 201 131 71 41 Grandes PUles. 32 yards do. 3«j 37 311 241 181 151 11 Riviere Metlnac. 4!) 471 42 35 2U 20 211 m Poruges des Cinqs and laland. 0!> 57 52 45 39 30 311 m 10 10 221 321 3(ii I/Oiscau or Bird Mountain. K5 03 S8 51 45 43 371 201 121 •2 2«1 lale au Nolx. 80 77 711 6!)1 041 571 611! ili{ 44 33 01 10 Jl'i Pout of Riviere au Rat «r.j noj «1 79 74 fi7 01 1 58 631 421 Ol|UiviCre Ba»tonal», N. 16 1 41 Post of La Tuque 1(M) 91 S.'il (131 7H1 711 051' "21 68 i 47 For other particulars relative to the river St. Mau- rice, see vol. I. ]). 284. St. KIaurick, seigniory, in the co. of St. Miiu- ricc, is bounded s. w. by Puintc du Lac; a. k. by Stc, Murguuritc ; n. w. by St. Kticnne ; in fiont by the B. St. Maurice. — One league in breadth by 1 h Icngue in depth : the originul grant wits 2 leagues in depth, but as tlii' grant of Pointc du Luc was of a prior date, so griut iiii I'Xtent couhl not Ix.' taken. St. Muurioe was reunited to tiie king's domain, (itli April, 17'1(N and on the 13th of tiie same month granted to tiie Company of the Forges, with an adilitional piece of l:uid, .'t leagues in depth by 2 in breatlth, tailed tlef St. Etienne ; N. w. of St. Kticnne is another tract of the same diincniiitms annexed to the alH)ve grants, as part of the lands belonging tu tite Forges. The whole is tlie projwrty of the crown, but let on lease fur 21 years, together with the forges, &c. to Messrs. Munro and Bell, for the sum of oO()/. per annum only. — The soil is light and sandy, generally on clay or good imtrl ; the surface is u continual alternation of gradual rise and fall ; in the low parts are a few swamps, l>euriiig niuih hemlock and cellar; the acclivities are inontly clothed with a general mixture of tiniU-r, Init thi^ chief sort is pine of a middling growth. A very small part only of this grant is cultivated. A tine road from Three Rivers crosses it, leading mostly tliriiiigh woods to the fouiidery. — The Forges of St. Maurice are in .*St. Kticnne at the cimtluencu of a small river with the h. .St. Aluuricc, uIkjiiI tt miles ulM)ve the town of Three Hivers. The elevated Imnks of the river cml>cllished with a variety of lieautiful trees on all siiles, the deep tints of vast forests of fir, and the more distant and softened shades of the lofty iniiuntuins tliat bound the view, form a bold and tuagniticcnt iK'r- m w li: ti S T ipective, a> oeen from the road that oscenda the summit of the hilly chain that commands the valley. The establishment is furnished with every convenience necessary to an extensive concern ; the fumitrcs, the forges, the foundcries, workshops, &c. with houses and other buildings, present the appcararice of a tolerably sised village. The prin- cipal articles manufactured arc stoves of all kinds used in the province, large potash kettles, ma- chinos for mills, and various kinds of cast and wroiiglit iron ; also a great quantity of pig and liar iron for exiwrtation. The number of men employed is from 2iiO to 3()0 ; the overseers and persons employed in the construction of nuxlcls arc Knglish and Scotch, and the workmen arc ■jcncnilly ('imadians. When this establishment was lirst formed, alH)Mt 17>'*7> the mineral was found in great abuiuUnue near the surface, and for tlcxihility was not inferior to any in Eurojje. At lirst, the veins were worked with very little skill ; l)ut in 1 "■'"•* a Frt'iidi artisan was employed wlio made great imi)rovements, which have progres- sively increased, so that now the establishment is conducted on the same principles a» those of Eng- land and Scotland, and almost with equal ability. It is singular, that neither of the provinces of I'pper and Lower Canada supplies sand fit to be used in casting, therefore, what is used here is imported from Kngland — The following sinnmary (if ilu' speech of Mr. Dumouliu, the representa- tive oftlie town of Three Hivers in the provincial parliament, clearly describes the present inutility of the lauds under lease to the lessee of the Forges. " Here is an extent of land, from tiirec to four leagues broad and five leagues in depth, con- taining with its dependencies from 00 to 80 mpiJire leagues, which is wholly useless for the purposes of cultivation, and by which the settle- ment and town of Tliree Hivers is hemmed in at the bark.— not a single part of it has Ik'cu C(m- ceded to a cultivator, and those persons in the small tract that adjoins Three Hivers, who wish to estal)li>b their children in new settlements in their own neigbbmirbood, are prevented from doing any thing, l)y this unprofitable exclusive privilege granted to the Forgis. The whole of this pro- duces only, to the crown, the trilling sum of !HK)/. rent jR-r annum. He was ready to acknowledge the great utility of the forges, but they had no manner of occasion for this extensive territory, which, if it were granted out in lots to cultivators. S T would be ten times more valuable. If it be sup- posed that the whole of this extent contained mines of iron, and that these ought to belong to the compiuiy who undertook the forges, all that need be done was to reserve, as he believed was usual in most grants, the mines that might be found for the crown or the company, and no grantee would regret a mine lK>ing opened on his lot, since it would double or treble the value of his produce, by the increase of population and consumption it wimld bring. It might be said, that granting lands for cultivation would destroy the supply of wood for fuel for the forges ; but, in the first instance, it would increase it, for the set- tlers would fell all the wood they could, and convey it themselves to the forges, where they wouldget it, under those circumstances, at a eheajKT rate than they do now by sending their own workmen or contractors into the woods to get it. The evils of this monopoly were further illustrated by a pro- clamation the lessees induced Lord Dalhoiisie to issue, prohibiting even the making of maple-sugar on the land in question. This had been an im- memorial source of advantage to the inhabitants around, and, in the seasim, men were seen in all directions with their axes, proceeding to the forests alxjut 7 leagues lieyond Three Rivers, to make sugar, of which they made from 3 to flOOjlKMUbs. a year. Even the pretence of de- struction to the fuel could not l)e made for this, as tapping the trees did not destroy them as wood. — The lease would be out in March 1«{3J." — For other partiridars relative to the Forges, vide St. Etiknnk, v. Titli:—" roiilirinntion da l.'tinc Avril, ITU), piirli' Etoi lie ('lllu■t'l•^illn fititc mix iiih'ri'ssi's dc la ('ciiii|iH^tiii' (Ivk lorjfi's, rtublii* u .SV, Atdiirhr, ilii tii'f do AV. Ulliiiin; ri'iiiii uii Donmiiii' dc hh MujcHt^', |iur ordsv du (iinc Avril pr^ n'di'iit, ct di'» tcrri's ijiii mmt dcpiiin li' dit (icf dc SI, Kliniiif, i\ pri'iidii' Ic Irciiit siir In riviOrc dc« Tniij Hi- vliir.', I'll ivaiiiiitiiiit jiiiii|a'u aiu- lit'iie uiidcN.KA,8. .f Bellc- 8. w. by in front iTi-nce. — IIIVO iKH'n und itK augmentation. About one half of the leigniory of St. Michel, extending along the river, forms the pariah of St. Michel ; the other half, being the N. end of the seigniory, forms a part of the parish of St. Oervais. — This seigniory is divided into 6 ranges of concessions, each of which, almost without exception, is 40 arpents, or nearly half a league in depth ; they extend entirely across the S. ; 5 of them in a rectangular direction, and one, which is the 2d, lieing liounded on the a. by the k. Boyer, is of a triangular shape, and consciiuently is in extent, as compared with the others, only half a concession. In 5 of these ranges are lUa lots of land inhabited and cultivated; the (Sth range, at the northern extremity of the seigniory, being sterile and unproductive, is inhabited by 13 indigent families only, who can scarcely Ik considered cultivators. The first, or river range, possesses the greatest number of inhabitants, on account of the village near the church and many emplacemens. In one part of the 4th range, alxnit 1| mile in extent, there are but few habitations because the land is of bad quality und marshy. The other ranges, with the exception of the 0th above described, are nearly equally inhabited. The soil in the 1st and 2d ranges is, with little exception, light and sandy and, consequently, in- differently productive. The soil in the ."Ird and 4th ranges is alluvial and rich with generally u clayey substratum. The soil in the .'ith range varies in quality, but is generally sufficiently fer- tile. The (Ith range is covered partly witli sand, very fine and deep, and partly by nn extensive chain of enormous rocks. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranges of concessions produce maple, the small cherry-tree, beech, fir and other soft wchmI, but the quantity is inconsiderable und only enough for fuel. The same kinds of wood are abundant in the other ranges, but the pine, so much sougbi after, is scarcely to \k seen in any purt of the seigniory. About fuur-flfths of the lunds in tlie concessions, generally, are under cultivation, und the other one-fifth is covered with forest. Two ■mall rivers run across this seigniory in almost a parallel course ; one, called /c IWok, divides the 6th and fith ranges of concessions ; the other, called la Riviere lioier, runs U-twcen i «• 2nd and 3rd concessions. The population of this sei- gniory, in Jan. 1K27. amounted to 2,(XK2 souls. l,U3(i were males, including 41N> lietwcen the ages of 16 and 60; the females amounted to 976. Here is neither college, convent, nor public school; for 20 years the curate supported pri« vatc schools almost solely at his own expense, but five consecutive years of bad harvests forced him at last to withdraw hi", support, and the schools went to decay. Then: is only one village situated near the church, in which are two inns; it consists of 30 houses, all built of wootl except one behmging to Dr. Maguire, which ii two stories high, built of stone, and is far from being an incle«^.'it building. There is one church only with tw chapels of ease ; there are four saw-mills, worked only in spring and autimin when the waters are more freely supplied by springs and rain, but no other manufacturing esta- blishment. The only corn-mill used by the copy- holders of this seigniory is in the ncighliouring parish of Beaumont. — The agricultural protluce, of course, depends much upon the seasons ; the following account of the annual produce is alN)Ut the average of 6 consecutive bad harvests Iwtween 1R21 and 1K27; before 1821, the average growth of wheat was much greater and that of oats m\irh less. II,()(NMmihIii>Ih of wheat. I'MHH) do. utttH. I,AN) do. iivaii. MK) do. Iwrli-y and rye. A very small ntmibcr of individuals in this seig- niory upply themselves to the improvement of the different breeds of cuttle ; and, in fact, few have the ncccsNury mcuns. The cattle in general ure ill fed in the winter, which is the chief reuscm of their inferiority. The introduction of American horses, into the province, is esteemed in this seig- niory an injury to agriculture. — The com produce is entirely consumed within the seigniory, except, perliups, 2 or 3,000 bushels of outs sold in the markets ; and lietween 4 and >M) hogs, each weighing about 200 lb. are consumed by the in- Imbitunts. — Four greut roads, almost parallel, tra- verse the entire breadth of this seigniory, und one only half its breadth ; these are cut at right angles by another roud, extending from the St. Law- rence to the southern extremity of the seigniory. These rouds arc, generally, in indifferent repair.— There are two bridges built of wood and without tolls, one over Riviire Hoyer, the other over h Brag. — Between the 4th and 5th ranges is a ■ • S T ST Wi 9 i muddy lake, extending into the seigniory of La Valliere, through which the water runs diagonally, and, intersecting the western angle of the S. of Berthier, discharges itself into the St. Law- rence. — The two chains of rocks in this seigniory are of considerable height and might be called mountains ; one chain runs across the extremity of the 4th range, and the other is in the 6th range. — There are no mines, and the soil does not apparently present any natural phenomena ; but the seigniory has not perhaps been sufficiently explored by geologists. — The Parish of St. Mi- chel extends over the half of the seigniory front- ing the St. Lawrence; it is li league in width, and 2 leagues in depth. The farms in this parish are generally 3 arpents in front by 40 in depth. Correctly speaking, there are no large proprietors, for the individuals, who scmetimes acquire the property of their neighbours or other properties in the parish, purchase them for the sake of settling their children and not with a view of farming on a larger scale ; these aniuisitions, there- fore, are never permanent. All the lands are conceded, and about seven-ninths of the parish previously to 1759. These concessions, with few exceptions, were granted on the condition of pay- ing a quit-rent of 2 or 3 sols, fines on alienation, and a perpetual annual rent of one sol for each superficial arpent, and also with a clause com- pelling the grantees to grind at the seignior's mill the com required for his family and for farming puiixises ; the seignior, moreover, reserved to him- self, in the event of a change of property, the right of retrcite and that of taking as much tim- ber off the conceded lauds as might be required, hereafter, for the building of the mill, the seigno- rial manor-house and the parochial church, and also for their perpetual maintenance and repair : there is also a farther stipulation for the annual payment of some capons and a certain tax on all fish caught in the St. Lawrence ; but the two last conditions are commuted for a moderate rent in money. — The Parish of St. Joseph is in the aug- mentation. — Statistics of the Parishes of St. Michel and St. Joseph. Parishu. s s 4i 3 1 I 1 1 1 i 1 i N 4 4 1 s 1 T 1 ••* i i. 1 1 1 2 2 < 23 23 ! s -1. Si 4 St. Michel Su Joticph 2135 360 1 1 1 1 2406 23 4 I>*ri.lies. Annual AKriculluriil PriMlucc, in liuihtN. Live ?^t(H'K. t 1 * 400 40 £ 1 i s i X 565 105 070 * 1780 361 2141 » 4270 850 5120 1260 280 15.30 8t. .Alichel St. Joicph IKHHI 2U00 i:UHN) 1500 isito 1500 1 4(H) 400 |100 17500 AOOO H0.'> 145 lamt 14000 440 1800 1000 500 22500 1040 For title, vide La Durantaie. St. Nicolah, bras, river, v. du Sud, R. St. Nicolas (P.), r. LAuasoN, S. St. Ouhs, seigniory, and its augmentation, in the CO. of Richelieu, are bounded n. b. by Sorel and Bourchemin ; b. w. by Contrecceur, St. Denis, and St. Ilyacinthe; in the rear by the R. Yamoska; in front by the St. Lawrence. — 2 leagues in breadth by H in depth. Granted, 20th Oct. 1072, to Sieur de St. Ours, and is now in the possession of the Hon. Charles de St. Ours. The land in this extensive grant is every where of a good quality, and variously adapted to almost every species of agriculture. — Some concessions were granted prior to 1751^ and they measured 3 aqients by 30 ; the rent was 1 sol per arpent, and r ( / . ST. OURS. half a bushel of wheat for each 20 arpents. Down to 'the year 1821, all persons desirous of taking lands in the seigniory procured them on the original conditions.— Nearly 700 farms are con- ceded, and the concessions on the Richelieu are the most populous and the best. Four-fifths of the S. are under cultivation, and one-fifth is in standing wood near the St. Lawrence ; the soil is sandy halfway to the Richelieu and the rest is strong land ; approaching the Yamaska the soil is lighter but very fertile. — Every part is susceptible of cultivation and the seigniory is remarkable for its evenness of surface. There ore two fiefs, each about 14 arpents in front and extending the whole depth of the S. ; one belongs to the heirs of Laperricre, the other to Roch de St. Ours, Esq — The principal rivers are the St. Lawrence in front, the Richelieu, the Salvayle, and the Yamaska which forms the rear boundary line ; the principal rivers of smaller ■ice are the Ruisseau la Plante and Ruisseau la Pmde. The Richelieu, which traverses the upper part diagonally, is navigable from the St. Law- rence for craft of 150 tons burthen ; the Yamaska, at the rear of the aug., is also navigable, by both of which this S. possesses the advantages of ex- peditious water conveyance in an eminent degree : the other rivers are not navigable. There is a large bridge over the Salvayle at Rochville. — The roads are generally good, and the principal are, the post road along the Richelieu that leads from Sorel to Chambly, and another leading from Sorel to Montreal. The road n. k. of the r. Salvayle, leading to the v. of Grand Maska, does not appear to be much used ; as it approaches the r. Yamaska it becomes excessively bad, scarcely meriting the name of road, running very circuitously through the woods, and barely wide enough for a summer vehicle ; and, in the driest season, it is so wet that horses wade through an average depth of 14 inches of mud and water. — Some timber of the best kind and largest dimensions still remains, and also some of the inferior sorts. Along the r. Yamnskn and the Rousseau Salvayle the timber is maple, cherry, beech, Ate. at other places, pine, spruce, epinette, &c. — Two-thirds of the gniin grown is consumed in the S., the other third is sold, and chiefly without being ground. Hemp is not grown, but every farmer sows about half a bushel of flax seed. In this S. are 3 corn-mills, 2 on the n. bonk of the Richelieu, which arc turned by the rivulets that there discharge themselves, the 3rd is on the Yamaska ; each mill works 2 sets of stones. There are also 3 wind-mills for grinding com, one on the bank of the St. Lawrence, the others on the Richelieu. There are 2 saw-mills, one on the Yamaska, the other turned by ' ' •' Sal- vayle. The farmers in general work with liurses and use the English plough. The horses are of the Canadian breed and though small are strong and good. — A great number of hired labourers, by saving their wages, have been able to take lands and open them by degrees, and are now become excellent inhabitants. — This seigniory contains 2 parishes and part of a 3rd, viz. St. Ours, St. Jude and part of Contrecoeur. — The Parish of St. Jude is lately erected and the church, 7^ ft. by 40, is centrically situated on the a. bank of the r. Sal- vayle, and near it is the v. of Rochville having about 35 houses. All the lands in this parish arc conceded, and all the concessions have been made since 1759, and ore charged 2^ bushels of wheat and 5 livres 4 sols whole currency for 3 arpents by 30. — In the Parish oj St. Ours and in the part of the parish of Contrecoeur lying in this S., all the lands are conceded, and most of them prior to 1759, and were granted on the royal terms — On the right bank of the Richelieu is the village of St. Ours, consisting of about 90 houses, many of them substantially and well constructed with stone; in the centre are a handsome church, 120 ft. by 50, and a parsonage-house, and at a little distance the manor-house: besides traders and artisans, many persons of considerable property reside here, who are corn-dealers and make large purchases of grain of all kinds, produced in abund- ance in this and the adjoining seigniories, which is put on board large river craft in the Richelieu and Yamaska and sent to Quebec for exportation. There are 2 ferries at the v. St. Ours over the Richelieu, wliere from 5 to 12 sols are charged for a carriage. — The Island Desrhaillona, a short distance from the village, is full u mile long and half a mile wide. In front of the seigniory there is a group of islands belonging to it ; the largest of them is called Isle Commune which has some good pasture. — In population, extent, situation, local advantages, quantity of land in cultivation, and state of husbandry, there are few properties in the province superior to this seigniory. ■ •9 mm '4 i m m 1!^ 8 T 8 T Statistics. PuUbm. St. Oun St. Jude [3700 U14 5174 2 I 3 1 1 !l 2 I 6 2 I 6 VuiOm. Annual Aurlcultuiil l>roduce. in buiheU. Livestock. 1 1 1 1 1 1 5200 5200 i S 1 u 1 1 St. Ouni St. Jude 20200 18200 11340 7800 460 200 39000 14300 700 (iJO 1.350 I4;M 5m 1250 566 2560 1132 10200 3160 1650 849 M400 1!)I40 720 535 gittrc d'Inttndancc, iVo i, folio 18. St. Pierre (P. and V.), t;. Orlkans, I. St. Pierre, river, or Little River, in the Island of Montreal, rises in the parish of Lachine and running n. e. falls into the St. Lawrence opposite Isle St. Charles. With the assistance of this stream the Lachine canal is formed. St. Pierre les Becquets, v. Lkvrard, S. St. Regis, river, falls into the St. Lawrence above Lake St. Francis, at the 8. w. extremity of the CO. of Beauhamois. A very small part of this river is in the province of Lower Canada. The Indian village of St. Regis is situated near itp confluence with the St Lawrence, where it is about 3 chains wide. It is navigable for boats to a considerable distance. St. Regis, river, in Sault St. Louis, rises in .two branches, descending from the S. of Cha- teauguay. It runs n. to the St. Lawrence, and near its mouth is increased by a small river that runs past the church of St Pierre. St. Regis (V.), v. Indian Lands. St. Rocb (V. and P.), v. L' Assumption, S. St. Roch des Aulnais, seigniory, in the co. of L'Islet, is bounded N. e. by Ste. Anne ; s. w. by Reaume ; in the rear by the t. of Ashford ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — 3 leagues in breadth by 2 in depth. Granted, April 1, I6.'i7, to Ni- cholas Juchereau de St. Denis, and is now the property of Lieutenant-Col. Duchesnay. — In the vicinity of the river the land is low and intersected by some broken ridges of no great elevation, but S T about the rear boundaries the mountains form a close chain of considerable height. Near the front the soil is excellent, consisting of a fine light earth with a good deal of marl in various part* : on the higher lands a yellow loam u prevalent. — No lands fit for cultivation remain unconceded, and one-fourth part is unfit for the purposes of agriculture. — The entire range of concessions, along the St. Lawrence, was conceded before 1 759; their usual extent was from 2 to 4 front arpents by 42 in depth, paying 30 sols tournoia for each arpent in depth with the usual fines on alienation, of which a part is remitted provided the fines are paid immediately. There are 4 ranges of con- cessions; and the farms in the first are generally cleared ; .? ths in the 2nd, and the 3rd is commenced. — Several small rivers water this S. sufficiently, and work 2 or 3 mills ; the principal rivers are the St. Jean and the Fcr^e. On the land under culture very little timber is left, but the other parts are well stocked with the best kinds, and among them is some pine of a valuable size. — Alany roads branch off in almost every direction through the seigniory, but the one passing close to the river is the main post road : they are kept in good order as well as the different bridges. — Some orchards are rising into perfection, and al- though the apples are of a very inferior quality, the plums are sujierior. 467,.')00 bundles of hay including gorse are annually grown, and the island h>- is considered the best for cattle. There are « or 8 sugaries. — The fisheries are not consider- able ; 'and 3 schooners from 30 to 40 tons each, and 5 keel-boats are employed. — The Village of St. Roch is handsome and well situated at the entrance of the R. Feree, about half a league east of the Point of St. Roch, from which stretch ex- tensive shoals that considerably narrow the deep water channel, and form a traverse difficult to be navigated. In the village, which consists of about 30 neat and comfortable houses, is one school where 3.5 scholars are instructed in French, English, and Latin, supported by the funds left by Mr. Ver- raux, late cure of this parish, who bequeathed his property in equal proportions in favour of his re- lations, charity and education, viz. one-third to his family, one-third to the poor, and one-third to the school. A little westward of the church is the telcgrapli station, No. 8, and river-craft and boats come up to the village. — This S. contains 390 families, of which, 186 only are supposed to live $•.. , iff . I ■. \r I 11 111: ST entirely on the produce of their farms, and 130 families have the means and would willingly cul- tivate new lands if they had the opportunity, particularly if they were not too far distant. Statistics. Population . Churches R. C. 2,624 Presbyt eries . 1 Annual Agricultural Produce. Buiheb. Wheat . 20,800 Oats . 10,000 Barley . 300 Potatoes 24^375 Bushels. Peas ,. 2,600 Rye . 2,600 Indian com 100 Busheb. Maple sugar, cwts. 89 Hay, tons . 2,300 Live Slock. Horses . 723 1 Oxen . 200 1 Cows . 1,950 Sheep . 4,775 Swine . 1,800 Title. — " Concession du ler Avril, 1656, faite par Mr. de Lauzon, Gouvemeur pour la Compaf^nie, i NicholntJu- chereau de St. Denit, de trois lieues de terre de front sur deux lieues de profondeur, avec les i^les et batcures aude- vant de la dite Concession." — Cahieri a'lntendance, No. 10 a n.foHoma. St. Roonaes Hill, v. Buckland, t. Ste. Rose (P.), v. Isle Jesus. St. SCHOLASTIQUE (P.), l>. LaC DE9 DeUX Mountains, S. St. Stanislas (P.), v. Batiscan, S. St. Steven's Cove, v. Saouenay, b. St. Sulpice, seigniory, in the co. of L'As- somption, is bounded n. e. by Lavaltric with its augmentation and the t. of Kildare ; s. w. by the S. of L'Assomption ; in the rear by the t. of Rawdon; in front by the St. Lawrence. — Two leagues in front by six in depth. Granted, 17th Dec, 1640, to Sieurs Cherrier and Leroyer, and is now the property of the seminary of St, Sul- pice at Montreal. — More than three- fourths of this seigniory is well cultivated, and for the good- ness of its soil, the quality of the timber and state of improvement it is not surpassed by any that surround it. The whole seigniory is conceded and contains 7^0 lots of different extents, generally from 3 to 30 or 40 arpents each ; these lots are divided into eleven ranges or ct'ites. More than three-fourths of the lots are built upon and set- tled. The best ranges are those of St. Sulpice, St. Esprit, Bos de la Grande, and a part of Bas du Ruisseau. There is also much good land in Point du Jour, in L'Assomption, and in the con- tinuations. The other ranges are of middling quality and generally sandy; the inhabitants, nevertheless, live pretty well, because they cul- 8 T tivate potatoes to a great extent, also Indian com and rye, which grow abundantly on these sandy soils. There is scarcely a single lot that can be called entirely unproductive. — This S. is parti- cularly well watered by the R. L'Assomption, the Achigan, St. Esprit, Ruisseau St. George, Ruis- seau Vacher, Riviere Rouge, Ruisseau Point de Jour, and the River of Lake Ouareau, most of them running into the R. L'Assomption after a mazy course that in some parts, where the ground is high and clothed with wood, present points of view truly picturesque and beautiful. There are 3 corn-mills ; two on the river Achigan, near the line of L'Assomption, and the third at St. Jacques, on the river Lac Ouareau, two leagues from the church of St. Jacques. At these mills about 40,000 bushels of com are ground annually. There are also a great number of saw-mills, in consequence of there having formerly been a line forest of pines towards the middle of the seigniory; but the great trade carried on in converting the tim- ber into planks, &c. has entirely consumed the timber and left only inferior trees. As this sei- gniory produces much rye and barley, many dis- tilleries have been established. There are two mills for carding wool and milling cloth ; one on the Achigan, the other on the St. Esprit. A third is lately established on the river of Lac Ouareau, at a place called les Dales, because the bed of the river is there confined between two rocks, whence the water escapes as if it flowed through a spout. — Scarcely any timber remains, and even firewood is becoming scarce. — This sei- gniory contains 3 parishes ; St. Sulpice, St. Pierre du Portage and St. Jacques, in which are 3 pa- rochial churches and 3 presbyteries. — The Parish of' St. Jacques includes all the rear parts of the S. and contains the Acadian settlement, the most considerable in the S. The Village of St. Jacques is nearly in the centre of the parish, and is two leagues s. from the t. of Rawdon and four n. from the St. Lawrence. A continuation of the public road from its termination at the line of Rawdon to the second range has been opened hy Mr. Mar- shall, but it is, as yet, impassable for any kind of vehicle. Nine arpents of land only are uncon- eeded, which will not repay the expense of cultiva- tion. This parish has been settled within the last AO years, and no concession was granted pre- viously to 1759. Besides more than 100 families who have no lands there arc 600 youths, above *1 i^' ! ST. S U L P I C E. and under 21, who are desirous of settling but cannot obtain lands, even in the neighbouring townships which would well answer their pur- pose, on account of the number of strangers who settle there. The church is large and handsome. — The Parish of St. Pierre du Portage or LAs- somption, is centrically situated and contains 6 con- cession ranges, viz. Le bas de L'Assomption Le Point du Jour Le Hautde L' Asgomption L'Achigan La Presqu'ile Le St. Esprit The soil is proper for the growth of hemp, and the greatest part of the parish being under culture, there is very little wood and that little only fit for fuel. The river L'Assomption traverses the parish, in a serpentine direction, nearly from N. to 8. and other less considerable streams run into it in this parish, viz. the Achigan, the St. Esprit, the Point du Jour, the Ruisscau St. George and the Ruisseau Vacher, neither of which is navigable. There are 3 toll-bridges neai- the village on the It. L'Assomption, 4 on the Achigan, of which two are free, and there is one free bridge over the St. Esprit ; there are also 2 ferries over the L'Assomption above the village. In this parish are 3 corn-mills, 2 saw-mills one of which is worked by wind, 2 carding machines, one whiskey distillery, one brewery, and many potash works of v/hich 4 are in the village. The cattle are numerous, but gene- rally of an inferior quality. The Village of LAs- somption is built on almost an island formed by the beautiful river of that name ; it is also called the Portage of L'Assomption, because, by travel- ling over the little isthmus at the entrance of the village about 2 or 3 arpents across, a long circuit of about a league is avoided. This village is in a beautiful situation, washed on all sides by the river. It contains about 170 houses, including 12 inns, many of them built with stone two sto- ries high and roofed with tin. The church is quite new, elegant and very large, and as it is built on the most elevated spot in the village, which it commands, the prospect from it is very extensive. The population is between 1000 and 1100 souls. The church is one of the finest in the province. There are 4 schools, 2 for boys and 2 for girls, besides masters for private tuition ; the schools for girls are well attended and the children are instructed in French grammar, geography. history, embroidery, &c. All the roads of the neighbouring parishes centre in this village, and there is no other way to Alontreal. The road from St. Jacques passes the church of L'Assomp- tion to that of St. Roch and 30 arpents farther. This concentration of roads causes the village to be the entrepot of all the parishes behind it, and the only place of entrance and exit for the whole county. This v. has a considerable trade. — The Parish of St. Sulpice occupies the front part of the S. from the p. of St. Pierre to the St. Law- rence, extending 2 leagues along the river from Lavaltrie to Repentigny. It was erected by virtue of the Regulation of Sep. 20, 1721, confirmed by an Order in Council, Mar. 3, 1722. All the farms are conceded and cultivated, with the ex- ception of the portions left for the growth of fire- wood, and the settlements in the 1st concession range are skirted with woods. All the farms arc conceded on permanent conditions and in no case redeemable, paying quit rent, seignorial rent, with all other seignorial rights, according to the cus- tom of Paris ; each concession is charged with the payment of 10 sols and half a bushel of wheat for every 20 superficial arpents. All the concessions, or nearly so, were granted before 1759. The tim- ber consists of maple, cherry, elm, &c. There are 3 windmills ; one for grinding corn is built with stone, the others are for sawing and are built with wood. Agricultural labour is generally per- formed with horses and oxen. One half of the grain grown in this p., on an average, is sold at Mont- real. The roads are good. — The Village of St. Sulpice is built on the road leading to Lavaltrie and running along the verge of the bank of the St. Lawrence ; it includes about 100 dwelling-houses besides numerous stores for the produce of the country, considerable quantities of which are here deposited. One half of the houses are built with stone, and the church, which is very ancient, is 90 ft. by 45. There are two chapels and one is built with stone ; one stands above and the other below the church. There is one school in which 20 boys and girls are instructed, and the French language taught. — Isles Bouchards, which belong to Mr. Pierre Baudez, are included in this p. ; their soil is strong and fertile, and the higher lands only arc inhnbitcd, the lower are not on account of the re- flux of the waters in the spring. Tliere arc 18 families containing 150 souls. S T Statitths. S T Parnhei. St. Jacques L'Auumptlon St. 8ulpice 4344 3862 1464 9670 i \ 1 1 i 21 4 5 I •■ i 3 i \ I 1 1 IS 22 26 I 28 3 16 I \r :i Psrithn. Annu il AKiicultural frndiice, in buaheli. { Live stock. 1 1 1 1 i M s 1900 1644 300 s 1578 1406 200 i 2200 3088 600 1 tii i * St. Jacques L'Auomption St. Sulpice I6U00 13600 13000 2100 20800 7280 620 65(M) 6200 3380 78 7340 7720 1500 2200 2902 300 6402 42100 30180 620 16080 78 3744 3273 5788 16660 ri/fe.— " Concession du 17me Drcembre, 1640, faite par la Compagnie aux Sieurs Cherrier et Leroyer, d'ctne erande partie de I'lsle de Montreal, &c. &c. &c. Plus une etendue de terre de deux lieues de large le long du Iteuve de St. Laurent, sur six lieues de profondeur dans les dites terres, i prendre du c6ti du Nord sur la inenie cot^ ou se djvliarge la riviere de FAiiomption dans le dit ileuve St. Laurent, et 4 commencer 4 une borne qui sera mis sur cette laime cott, h la distance de deux lieues de rem> boucbure de la dite riviere de VAitomption, le reste des dites deux lieues de front 4 prendre en descendant sur le dit ti&nyeSt. Laurent; tout ce qui est de la riviere des Prairiei, jusqu'i la rivi£re de VAtiomption, et depuis la dite riviere de VAiicmption jusqu'i la borne cidessus, r^- servte 1 la dite Compagnie." — Iiii. Con. Sup. — Pout le reste de la dite isle par titre 21 Avril, 1669, voyez le mime Kegistre, et pour les dites litres ratifications amor- tissement, voyez Cahiers d' Intend. Ste. Theresb, isle, lies between Chambly and St. John's ; it is 2 miles long and about half a mile broadj and with the smaller islands adjacent was granted, Nov. 3, 1672, to Sieur Dugu(*. Isle Ste. Therese is flat and low and is partly covered with small timber and brushwood^ but where it is clear there are some good meadows and fine pasturage for cattle. Title. — " Concession du 3me Novembre, 1672, de I'lsle St. TVrJiravec Its isles et islets adiacens, par Jean Talon, i'ntendnnt, au Sieur Dugiii, saiif le droit de Mr' Brprn- tigny poiur celles qull pout legitimemcnt pr<^tendre, et qui seront adjug^es a celui des deux auqiiel il sera cstim^ 4 propos de lei conc4der.''_A^f<« iitaiit luae 1120 S170 I 1 I 2I2 III 1 1 1 i I 111 11 I141S liir .i2ia 1,7 8 :«) Psriihof. f^iinUHl AKrieultural t'roiliice, in buihel». l.ive.>r(H'k. 1 1 ■i. 5 1 1 S ffl n . 1 f li, 1 450 20 8000 2jj() 1 S 5 1 1 100 2K10 Village of Cogbna- > wuga . . ( Parish of St. Con- J atant . . ) 31200 100 2T0OO 8000 4500 80000 1200 16300 200 3k)0 13 1000 36 ;j(K)o 50 9200 31200 271(K) 8OO0I 84500 17700 200 3400 WJO 2.570 lOI.-i .m'jc 9250 25cXt T'xtU.—" ConcesBion du 29ine Mai, 1680, faite par m Majest^ aux r^vt-rends peres Ji-siiites, de la tcrre nominee U Saiill, contenant deux Ileiies de ua'is de front; k corn- mencer ik unc pointe qui eat vifi-il.vin le rapide St. Louit, en montant le long du lac, sur pareille profondeur, avec deux isles, islets et battures qui se trouvent au devant et joignant aux terres de la Prairie de la MagdehliK,"— Re- giitrc d'lHteiiduuce, A^o. 2 a 9,fulio 122. " Augmentation du dit fief d'une licue et dcmic vers la Seigneuriede Chateauguay."-—LemSme Rigiilre,/oliol2i: Saurel, t;. SOREL. . SciBOUET (R.), V. ClIIBOUBT. Skuinac, river, is a small stream that runs into the N. w. side of Ristigouche bay. Settlements. The following information is derived from the evidence' given by John Neilson, Esq. to a committee of the House of Assembly, and is likely to prove beneficial to land companies, and even to individuals who are desirous of knowing the most advantageous mode of exploring tracts of wild lands, with a view of ascertaining the practicability of forming new settlements. — New settlements can only be suc- cessfully formed where there is a certain degree of facility in communicating with the old — the wants of an agricultural population are so exten- sive and the means and support that they require from external sources, before they can derive them from the soil which they occupy, are so consider- able, that no successful agricultural settlement has ever been made in America without such fJBcility of communication. The ocean and navi- gable rivers at first afforded this facility, the settlements made on the sea shore or on the banks of navigable rivers having subsequently furnished the external support to the new settlements in the interior, by means of roads of communication opened in the rear of successive settlements. These are only practicable as a means of communication to a certain distance, and where natural circum- stances are favourable. For the purpose of form- ing agricultural settlements, it was not necessary then to explore u country to any great distance from existing settlements or navigable waters. No new settlement can support itself far from the beforemcntioned aids; to attempt them is u dis- advantageous waste of means which ought to be more usefully employed — It is necessary now to explore a country to a considerable extent be- yond the immediate site of an intended settlement, in order to ascertain whether it possesses those prospects of future prosperity, which in no small degree depend upon its situation in respect to ad- jacent tracts of land. — The inhabitants of a small tract of the most fertile soil are never so thriving as tliose even of an inferior soil, when surniunded by extensive tracts of fertile land, particularly if the roads of communication of the latter to their markets lie through the lesser tract. — The general geographical knowledge of Lower Canada, show- ing the existing settlements and the courses of the rivers towards their mouths, is sufficient to point T T 2 SET S H A 1 - - I ! m '•r( ii '- I n out where exploring parties ought to be employed with a view to the forming of new settlements. The surveys of the townships have given much information, and the topography of the country is well known to its inhabitants, although much of it is in the way of being lost. The Indians, whose knowledge of this sort exceeds that of any other description of people, are disappearing ; and the Voi/ageurtanACoureurs de 6ow, persons formerly employed in trading with the Indians and who traversed the country in every direction, are nearly extinct. There are, however, in every parish many persons employed in agriculture, who make long excursions into the rear of the settlements at certain periods of the year for the purpose of hunting and fishing, from whom much informa- tion might be had of the nature of the country in different directions, which is of great utility in forming a judicious choice of places, and ought to prevent useless exploring parties and fruitless at- tempts. — An exploring party should consist of 6 persons, viz. one intelligent person, well acquainted with the inhabitants and the soil and climate of Lower Canada and able to keep a journal, to act as manager; three Indians who have frequented the tract to be explored, and who are active and sober, and of good character ; one Canadian farmer who has made excursions into the country to be explored; one American farmer who has been accustomed to open new settlements, would be sufficient for exploring any tract adjoining the existing settlements in Lower Canada, that might be thought worth the trouble and expense. The entire cost, provisions included, would be 40«. per diem: vi*. 1 MaiMger 1, in 3 Indians &r. 15 8 Farmen 5$, 10 One month would be sufficient for exploring any tract that it would be desirable to explore at present with a view of opening new settlements, and the expense would be about jO 70,8()() Buihelt. Peas . 8I.(K)8 Uye . t2,MIU Uuik.wheat9,7(M> Indian corn 17,915 Bi ihtli. Mixed grain 2,M0 Maple HUgar, i-wts. .'M Hay, tons UAI6 Live Slock. l,7«4|Cow» <,:/W|shvep 3,010 1 Swine iMi SuirFORii, township, in the co. of Shcflbrd, is bounded R. by Htiikcly; w. by Granby; n. by Roxton; b. by Bn>me, The surface is uneven, and towards the west mountainous; the soil in most places is exceedingly rich, but the uplands and high ridges arc too stony tn l>c of much value. The timber is almost universally of the best spe- cies. — It is watered by several branches of the Ya- maska and by other streams, and it is intersected by many roads communicating with the neighbouring townships. — The 8. k. part is the best and most populous, where some fine settlements present themselves, that are, to the extent of their cul- tivation, in a very flourishing state. The banks of the rivers display many good breadths of meadow and gracing land. This township is particularly unfortunate in having one-seventh more than any other township laid out in crown and clergy reserves, and also in having three large bridgfea to support across different branches of the Ya- maska : the difficulty, and indeed the impossibility, of getting roads made across the reserves, and the lands owned by non-rssident proprietors, must be obvious. — Shefford contains two churches and one resident minister. The village, containing about 25 houses and 120 souls, is situated in the B. i>art of the t. and is called Frost Village, being built on ground belonging to Mr. Frost, to whose exertions the advancement and prosperity of the settlement is chiefly owing. — In the t. are several com and saw-mills — Vngranted and unlocatei, a few hundreds of acres only. Population Churi'hes Curates Schools Villages Ml 8 I 8 I Statistici. Com-inills . Cnrding-mills. Fulling-mills Saw-mills . Potasheries . 8! Pearlasheries 1 Medical men I Shopkeepers 4 'I'avernM i Artitians 3 3 16 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Buthcli. IO,.'i(K) IA.44X) 8,3U0 ButheU. Potatoes I9,(XI0 Peas . 4,U(U Buihcli. Buck-wheat 3.000 Indian com 3,000 Live Stock, 475 1 Cows 590 Sheep 7801 a,uui{ Swine 476 SuRKtlTIMISH, V. ChICOUTIUI, R. Smknlky, in the co. of Megantic, an irre> gular tract lying between Dorset and Tring, is bounded N. k. by the 8. of Aubert Gallion and the river Chaudi^-re, and » \v. by the t. of Oulncy, The surface is irregular, in some places low and swampy, but in others it is u mixleratcly good soil, that would doubtless be sufficiently fertile if brought under the plough. Un the dry lands the timber consists principally of beech, niuple and birch; in other parts there ia scarcely any SHE SHE t'i- • timber except cedur and spruce fir. — It is not very well watered. — One quarter of the township was granted to the late Mr. James Glenny, but no part of that grant is cultivated. — Ungranted and unlooated, 33,000 acres. Shmrbrookb, oountjr, in the district of Three Rivers, is bounded £. bjr Megantic ; w. by Stan- stead and Shefford ; N. by Drummond ; 8. by the province line. It contains the townships of Oarthby, Stafford, Whitton, Marston, Clinton, Chesham, Lingwick, Weedon, Dudswell, Bury, Hampden, Ditton, Emberton, Drayton, Auckland, Newport, Westbury, Stoke, Ascot, Eaton, Here- ford, Compton, Clifton, Windsor, Brompton, Ship- ton, Melbourne, and Orford, together with all gores or augmentations of those townships. Its extreme length is 68 miles and its breadth 571-, containing 2,7H6 square miles. Its latitude on the St. Francis at Westbury township, is 45° 30" 15" N., long. 71° 35' 15". It sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the places of election are Sherbrooke and Richmond. Sher- brooke presents a more extensive surface of town- ship lands than any other county in the province, and it will ultimately be divided into several coun- ties as the population increases : it is abundantly watered by numerous streams and lakes. The principal rivers are the St. Francis, the Magog, the Coaticook, the Salmon, the Connecticut, the Perry, the Indian, Hull, and Leech stream. Be- bidos these, there are several other similar rivers that wind through the county and fall into the St. Francis. The principal lakes are, the Wee- don lakes, the Orford lakes which are part of Lake Connecticut, the Mcpintic, and the Scoswauini- pus. The face of tlie country in the vicinity of Eutun ;«n(I eastward i.s generally level to the ridge of lii!.;hlands towards the bend of the Conneetieut ; to tlie west, in the vicinity of Orford, the land is uneven and broken nnd presents ridges of high- lands. The soil and timber, generally, arc of good quality, and the county in every reiipcct possesses consideralile ndvantuges from its locality and nu- merous roads, ul.ing which are fine and flourishing new settlements; the chief route from the St. Lawrence tf the United States pnsics tlirougii the village of Sherbrooke, leading through Stan- steud. This village may properly be citllod the county town, and is tlie scat of the District Court of St. Francis. Population A,421 ChuFches, Pro. 5 Parsonage-hou8, 2 Churches, R.C. 1 Presbyteries . 1 Villages . . 3 Court-houses 1 SMittWi. OmIs Schoob . . Corn-mills . Saw-mills Cttrding-milli Fulling-milU Distilleries . Tanneries Potasberies . Pearlasheries Shopkeepers . Taverns . . Artisans . . t 11 11 9 9 83 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Butheli. 80,871 62,910 3,61 M Potatoes 103,119 Biuheli. Peas . 1H,280 Rye . l»,0*;j Buck-wheat 2,291 Indian corn 13,260 Bushels. Mi.\ed grain 3»180 Maple NUgar, cwts. 709 Hay, tons 30,500 Live Stock. Horses Oxen 3,161 I Cows 3,872 1 Sheep 5,408 1 Swine 11,8361 4,995 Shbrbbookb (V.), t;. Ascot, t. Sherbington, township, in the co. of Acadie, is an irregular tract, bounded e. by De L6ry; s. by Hemmingford and part of Beauhamois; w. and N. w. by Chateauguay and Sault St. Louis. The soil and timber of this t. are much diversified ; the lands a. w. rise gently in iia., places into considerable eminences and consi- ' wi 'ra> MirtB of soil, but almost the whole ib l ^ .^< mable and plentifully covered with beech, um, maple, basswood and white ash. To the n. b. there are many swamps, some of which are overgrown with black ash, and others with cedar, &c.; those covered with ash might soon be rendered fit for culture and would, by ditching, become very good meadow land. The river La Tortue winds through the township and, with many smaller streams, conveniently waters it ; it is not navi« gable for boats, but rafts are brought down to La Tortue mills The ranges II, 12, 13, and 14, arc settled by Canadians who had their titles originally from Mr. Sangulnet, proprietor of the S. of La Salle, under an erroneous belief that those lands were within his boundary. About the eighth and ninth ranges is a small settlement of English families, who have made great progress and have got their farms into a very thriving state. The rood from La Tortue into Hemming- ford p:is.seB through Sherrington, and there is also another road leading by the Douglas settlement. — The principal land-owners arc Fs. Langucdoc, Esq., holding 11,000 acres from the heirs of tho late Hon. H. Finlay ; the heirs of the lute Bishop Mountain; and the heirs of Mr. M'CuUum and % . 2 11 11 . . 9 . 83 SHI those of the late Hon. F. Baby.— The settlements in this T. are rapidly advancing, and Mr. Lan- guedoc, who has commenced the cultivation of hemp on a liberal scale, has erected a hemp-mill. Statistics. Population . 3,185 Annual AgricHllural Produce. Wheat . OaU Buiheli. 15,000 12,000 Buihela. Potatoes 57,500 Peas . 13,000 Live Slock. Buiheli. Rye . 1,015 Indian corn 5,900 Horses Oxen . 1,050 . 1,250 (;ow9 . 1,875 Sheep . 5,800 Swine . a,"05 SHiRQAaH, V. Troublesome River. Shikutihitsii, a name of the R. Chicoutimi. Shipton, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, is bounded n. e. by Tingwick ; 8. w. by Mel- bourne and part of Durham ; 8. e. by Windsor and N. w. '>y Kingsey. There are no extensive landholders and the t. is therefore divided, chiefly, between owners of detached lots: Elmer Gushing and Wm. Bernard are considered to be the prin- cipal proprietors. — The t. is generally designated as the Back and Front of Shipton as terms of divi- sion. The front contains the space between the B. St. Francis and the flth range ; the back con- tains the first 8 ranges. — This township, equally good in nearly all its parts, is of a very superior quality and is decidedly the best of all the townships within the district : cultivation of every descrip- tion may be carried on with the greatest success. Hemp has not yet been cultivated and flax only for private use ; the wheat is scarcely surpassed iu goodness in any part of the province. Numerous gradual rises are peculiarly (it for such productions as require a rich dry soil. In this t. is good Btone for lime, and in the n. e. comer a low piece of land contains a white soft earth that makes excellent lime. — The timber is beech, oak, maple, birch and pine, intermixed with a great abundance of inferior kinds. — Tiiis t. is exceedingly well watered by a large brunch of the Nicolet, which receives its waters chiefly from the 3nl and 4th ranges, and by several snudl rivulets whicli rise in the uplands and, after winding very sinuous courses, descend into the St. Francis. Tlic Ni- colet is navigable for btuts and scows hence ^o the St. Lawrence and, with the St. Francis, furnishes water conveyance from nearly every part of the township ; by which large quantities of pot and pearl ash, made here, are transported to Quebec. 8H1 Flat-bottomed boaU and kowi, loaded firom this T., descend lx)th these rivers to Three Rivers, but as they are occasionally rapid several portages are made. A small lake in the 10th range empties into the St. Francis, and another in the 3nd range into the Nicolet; each, about one mile in extent, abounds with white fish, trout, pike, pickerel, Ac. A strong free bridge has been built over the Ni- colet, about 150 feet wide. There is an occasional ferry to Melboum over the St. Francis, where the rates are, for a passenger 3d., a horse 7Jd., a carriage lOd.— Agriculture is pursued here with great attention and over a large extent of land : the farms are dispersed on the banks of the St. Francis, the Nicolet and the rivulets, many of them dis- playing an advanced state of improvement. The average produce per acre, under fair cultivation, is. Wheat Oath Indian corn Barley . Potatoes 15 to 25 buohels. 40 40 to 50 . 40 2to:«H) . The cattle are chiefly of the English and American breeds and which, particularly the sheep and the Canadian cattle, thrive well. Here is a good breed of English horses, which are rapidly increasing in number, because the farmers find them protitable as an article of trade. The wages of goo«l agri- cultural labourers are, in summer, from \is. 4rf. to 6.<». aday, from 10 to 12 dollars u month and from 100 to 130 dollars jicr annum ; tradesmen arc paid from r»s. to 7.<. Hd. a day.— Tho roads have re- cently received considerable improvements. On the road from the parish of St. Gregoire to the vil- loge of Richmond, 48 miles, the sum of 7(10/. .'i«. 5rf. has lieen expended in such a manner as to make it easy and fit for travellers. 30 miles of it have been completed in the following nmnner : most of the causeways and all the small !)ridgcs arc nuule, more than half is ditched and the road opened from 40 to fiO feet in width, and the hills arc dug down BO as to nuike the passing easy. This part of the road commences at the parish of St. Gregoire and extends to Long Point on the river St. Francis. From Long Point to Richmond village, estinuitcd at 18 miles, the rood is open to the same width ; stumps and rm)t8 are cleared out, and alK)ut one- third of the ditches, causeways and liridffcs are finished. Tlie tract of iiiuntry from Hicbniond village to Long Point consists ullogethcr of excel- lent land for cultivutiim, and is nlreudy inhuliitcd to some extent. From Long Point to St. Gregoire i I I!, M, E^IJ k \4 tBsi S H I dark timber prevails, and the country is very level and the soil is such as is in repute among old Cana- dian farmers. The whole of this distance will ad- mit of an excellent road and must always command, without any comparison, the greatest conveniences for a general line of communication from the St. Lawrence through the townships to the province line ; on this route there is but one hill, and the di- stance is at least 18 miles nearer than by any other route which is or can be obtained from Three Rivers to Richmond. It will require, above the sum already granted, 700/. currency to complete a good carriage road from the parish of St. Oregoire to the village of Richmond, exclusive of the expense of two bridges over the two Nicolet rivers, which will require a further sum of 1,500/. currency, one of the rivers requiring a bridge of 235 feet in length, and the other a bridge of 324 feet in length. From the rear part of Shipton to Ireland, through Craig's Road, is 27 miles and is a forest of large timber, through which there is no road, although one is absolutely necessary for the people of the eastern townships to bring their produce to market, inasmuch as it saves a distance of about 70 miles. There has been a grant of 400/. to open that road, but nothing has been done from the in- sufficiency of the grant ; it would require, at least, in addition to this grant, 1000/. to make the road passable for carriages ; within these 27 miles the rivers Nicolet and Becancour pass, and make the road much more expensive ; if bridges were built they would cost 500/. The lands are excellent and might be easily settled, being one of the finest parts of the country. A road leads from the rear, intersecting the St. Gregoire road, and also an- other to Kingsey. — This t. contains two villages, and un episcopal church has been erected in the village of Richmond, and the erection of another free church is resolved upon, which is to be built in the ) located, 1,800 acres. Population 917 Cliiirohes Pro. Villages Corn-millB Carding-mills KuUing-inills Statistict. SHW-milU Cloth-mills . Hat manufact. Potasheiies . Pearlasheries Distilleries . Tanneries . Medical men Shopkeepers Taverns , Artisans 3 I 4 3 39 Annual Agricultural Product. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Butheli. I.),2o0 8,iao GOO 360 73W Busheli. Potatoes 18,600 Peas . 4,000 Hvt Slock. Batheli. Rye . . 3,000 Uuck-wbeat 400 Cows Sheep 1,098 1,860 Snine 935 SuooLBRKD, seigniory, in the co. of Bonaven- ture. Part of this S. extends from Megoacha Point, about 16 miles in length and about 1 > mile in breadth, and was granted in fief and sei- niory, 4th July, 1788, to John Shoolbred, Esq. — Although several parts of it claim notice as being well adapted for settling upon, it yet remains without a single individual, because the object of the proprietor is not any partial concesMon, but the disposal of the whole and probably only at a future period. Tille.—" Grant in Fief and Seigniory to Mtn Shoolbr«d, Esquire, made on the4lh July, 1788, by Lord Dorchtrttr. Uovernor General, of the following tracts and iwrcels of land in the Aajyo/TAafeurt, videlicet: — A certain lot or truot of land lying at Bunavenlurr, beginning at the south extremity of the public road which leads from the harbour of Bonavrnture to the settlement on the north bank, thenco running nearly north-east to the extreme point of the said bunk, and bounded by the course of the harbour, thence still iHiunded by the course of the said harbour, nearly nurth-west 'iiH feet, thence south-west parallel to the flrst course to the public road, thence soulh-east ii04 feet to the flrst station : also a lot of land and a s|iace of ground whereon was built a storehouse, situate 444 feet from the north-east point of the said bank, and east of the public road, also an allowance of 16 feet on each side and iH'hind the xpare whereon the said store stood, cuniHiriing .'i,0.'i6 square links. Also the lots of land and space ol ground whereon were built two other storehouses, with 16 Icet on each side, and behind each of the spaces of ground whereon the said storehouses stood, the on« situate 1240 feet from the south end of the bank and 1(H) fei'twi'Ki of the public road, containing ,'i,M{8 square links, and the other situate <20 feet distant Ironi the north-west corner of the last-mentioned ground whereon the said store formerly stood, containing 6,036 square links, tha \ ■■ S I L S I L 3 I 4 3 39 035 sei- at a l»id sevenl loU or puveln of land above menrioned con. taining in the whole 1 acre, 1 rood and 21 perches. Also a certain other tract of land lying at Perce, between the Bay of Chakuri and Ga$pi, adjacent to the Island of Bo. navtnUurt, being the last fishing-post at present settled and established on the nort'i beach, leading to Mount Joli, at Perci aforesaid, bounded on the west by a deep gr^Jie or ditch adjoining to a fresh water brook, thence running east 7 chains of 66 feet each along the bank, thence south 10 chains, thence west 7 chains, thence north parallel to the second course unto the first station, containing? acres. Also a certain other tract of land situate on the western, most extremity of Chalrnri Bay, running up the river BUtigOHche, about 15 ^lile^4 to the iirst point of land be. low iiallity Point, beginning at a boundary line 150 chains east of the bottom of the easternmost hay o( fiouvel Baton, running north, ti degrees east to the mountains, thence bounded by their course at an average depth of 40 chains from high >vater mark to their base, round Nouvel Baton westward to a small cove, 3U0 chains west of the said first- mcntionvd buy, bearing from the northenimost extremity of Mignacha Point, being a sand bank, south 84> degrees north, H4i degrees west, the superficial content of the said last described lands is 2,080 acres. Also a tract of land, beginning at the aforesaid cove, and ruiming the several courses of Point Migoacha, to the western extremity of a salt marsh, distant from a point where the inaccessible coast begins, about 80 chains, thence to the said |)oint, containing 1,600 acres. Alsu a certain tract beginning at the tirst-mcntioned point, below Battery Point, north 19 degrees and a half east, SOchains, thence south 88 degrees east, 89 chains, thence north 3.'i degrees east, 80 cbuins, thence north 83 degrees east, 69 chains, thence north 50 degrees east, 107 chains, thence south 80 degrees east, 23 chains, thence south 50 degrees east, 58 chains, thence south 67 degrees east, 49 chains, thence north 68 degrees east, 88 chains, thence south 66 degrees east, 57 chains, thence south 65 degrees cast, 84 chains, thence south 73 degrees east, 156 chains, thence south 39 degrees east, 95 chains, thence south 12 degrees east, 175 chitins, thence south 1 1 degrees east, 55 chains, thence south 56 degrees west, 40 chains to Yacta Point, containing 6,550 acres, more or leas." — Book of Patents for Landi, f^ol. 1. page 1. Shorn, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded in front by Aldiicld and Hud- dersfteld ; w. by Cawuod, and n. and b. by waste lands of the crown. SiLLEHY, seigniory, in the co. of Quebec, is bounded n. k. by part of St. Ii^nace and several small grants; s. w. by Oaudnrville; in the rear by St. Gabriel ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — One league broad by 1 ^ league in depth. This grant, originally forming part of the concession of St. Oabrii.'l, was ceded to the King in 1664 and granted, October 23rd, 10i)9, to the order of Je* suits: it is now the property of the crown. — The bank of the St. Lawrence here is very high, and is the most elevated part of the seigniory, from which lies a plain, varied with a few rising grounds, reaching to the road of Ste. Foi, northward of which for a short distance is an easy declivity, terminated by a steep descent into a valley that spreads nearly to the boundary of St. Gabriel, where there is another gradual elevation. The soil is very good near the St. Lawrence, consisting of a light rcd« dish sandy earth intermixed with clay, in some places lying upon a bed of clay ; in the vicinity of Ste. Foi there are many ledges of flat rock covered with a coat of excellent mould, but of no great depth ; from the latter place, on the slope already mentioned, is a rich mould mixed with sand, with large quantities of loose stones strewed over the surface, and many massy fragments of granite lying about in various directions. In the valley and on the rising ground towards Vielle Lorette there is some excellent meadow land ; nearly the whole of the seigniory is cultivated, and extremely fertile in almost every variety of the productions of the country. — Very little tim- ber of a superior quality is now remaining, or in. deed much wood of any description, except what is found in Sillery Wood, and a few other patches th)it nppear to have been left in various parts as much for ornament as for use. — Part of the river St. Charles passes through the S., and it is also watered by several small streams that wind along the valley in a very pleasing manner. At the place called Sillery Cove there is a plantation of hops, in a situation finely sheltered from every injurious wind, where the climate is propitious and the soil admirably adapted to their culture, which has been carried on for some years with great success ; the produce is not inferior to what is imported from England. Close by the plantation stand a malt-house, a brewery and a dwelling.housc, be- sides many other appendages, the property of Mr. Hullett, to whom the hop-grounds belong ; the malt-house and brewery are entitled to some re- spect as being the venerable remains of an ancient chapel and some other buildings, erected in 1637 by the Jesuits, for the residence of a mission em- ployed in converting the natives to Christianity. Not far from this spot the nation of the Algon- quins hud a village and in Sillery Woo, K. C. 1 Presbyteries . 1 Corn- mills . 1 Curding-mills 1 Statistics. Fulling-mitU Saw-mills . Ship-yards Taverns . Artisans River-craft Tonnage I Keel-hoats 10 1 80 i Annual Agrieullural Produce. ^Vheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen .3,075 10,200 2,000 Potatoes Peas Kye Buiheli. 29,800 S,000 600 Buihels, Indian corn 710 Hay, tons 982 Live Slock. 358 I Cows 360 I Sheep 716 2,148 Swine 537 Titk.—" Concession du 23me Octobre, 1609, faite par Hector de Callicre, tJouvcrneur, et Jean Bnchart, Intendant, aux r^vrrends peres Jesuitcs, de la Seigneurie de Silkry, d'une liene de large KUr le tleuve SI. Laurent, et d'une licuc et demie on environ de prot'ondeur, jusqu'a la Sei- gneurie de St. GabrM qui la termine par derrifre, coro- meii9ant du c6t^ du Nora- Est 4 la pointe de Puiteaux. et du i' monly interesting, and the glistening rapids of the Coteau du Lac give a lively termination to the scene. — At Pointe des Cascades, where the steam- boat lands passengers, are a few houses and stores and a convenient corn-mill. The canal traverses the point through which boats pass to avoid the Cas- cade Rapids. Here stages are daily in readiness to receive the passengers from the steamers to convey them to the Village of the Cedars. The view from the top of the hill is interesting; the eye beholds a succession of foaming rapids, the settlements of Isle Perrott, and those of Beau- harnois on the opposite shore of the St. !(iawrence. A corn-mill is situated on the point projecting over the Cascade Rapid. Singular as it may ap- pear, here is the traverse over the Cascade Island and to Beauharnois. The road leading to the Cedars is generally very indifferent, being thick clay and mud. The banks of the St. Lawrence are here about 18 or 20 feet in height. — Isle des Cascades and ten other isles and islets, which lie in front, belong to this S., and there are islanuii and a succession of rapids all along the front of Sou- lange to Coteau des Cedres. — For an account of this difficult part of the navigation of the St. Lawrence, vide that river. , 11 8 T A S T A Population 3,014 Churches, R. C. 1 Cur^n . . 1 Presbyteries . 1 Schools . . 2 Villages . i Statistict. ConwmilU Carding-niills Fulling-mills Saw-mills . Tanneries Potasheries , Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Artiiuins . . 5 1 3 18 30 Wheat Oats Horses Oxen AHmal Agricultural Produce. BiuheU. I Biuhcla.! 18,200 Barley . 1,690 Peas 18,2001 Potatoes 93,0001 Live Stock. 1,2001 Cows 1,200 1 Sheep l,800|S»ine coool Biuhtb. 10,400 1,800 Title.—" Concession du 12me Octobre, 1702, faite par Hector de CaUUre, Gouvcmeur, et Jean Bochart, Intend^ ant, i Pierre Jacquet Marie de Joybert, Chevalier de Sou- lange, de la moitie d'une langue de terre sise au lieu dit lei Caecadet, de quatrc lieues de terre de front sur une lieue et demie de profondeur au plus large de la dite langue de terre, et un^^ demi lieue au plus ftroit ; i com- mencer a la Pointe dee Catcadti, en montant; joignant la dite terre celle accordie aux enfans de Mr. de VaudrtuiU" —MgUtre flntendance. No. i, folio Wl. South River, the principal stream in Noyan, rises in the extensive swamps of that seigniory and Sabrevois; its general direction is from east to west, and through a very serpentine course it dis- charges its waters into the Richelieu, one mile below the Isle aiix Noix ; it is rather deep and sluggish, and is unobstructed by rapids six miles from its mouth to Henryville, to which place it is navigable in the spring for batteaux and cribs of timber, and for canoes during most of the season. It there divides into two branches, on each of which is erected a saw-mill. Its principal tri- butary streams below Henryville are Wolf Creek and Mud Creek, which have their sources in Fou- cault. The principal tish are pike, pickerel, and cat-fish. South Wbbt Rivbr, i;. Sud-Oukst, r. Spalding, a projected township, in the co. of Beauce, is bounded n. by Bisborough ; s. by Ditch- field; w. by the r. Chaudiere; k. by the pro- vince line. Squibisk, river, rises near the w. boundary, of the CO. of Bonaventure, and running s. passes near the Quamquerticook mountains in its way to the r. Madawaska into which it falls. Stanbridob, township, in the co. of Missis- koui, lies between the t. of Durham and the S. of Sabrevois and Royan and is bounded n. by Faniham and s. by St. Armand. This t. presents a great variety of knd and timber ; the w. part is low and rather marshy with much cedar, hem- lock, tamarack and some white oak. Near Mis- siskoui Bay and Pyke River the soil is chiefly clay mixed with sand ; to the e. it is higher and better, and composed of rich black and yellow loam with a little sand ; the timber is L-.vaee Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers TavernH ArtiiHiiis , I 1 1 I H 5 8» Annual Agrtculturul Produce. Wheat Oats Barley Horses Oxen Buthdi. 44,100 5,bU0 Buiheli. I Biuheli. Potatoes 5M,0()() Buck-whc. KM) Pi'Bs . 7,dUU I Indian com 1 l,r>00 Rye . 1,06U I Live Slock. 1,450 1 Cows l,!>jO|Sbeep 2,.120 , Swine 2,iS0\ 1,7S0 Stoke, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, lies on the east side of the river St. Francis, and is bounded n. w. by Windsor; N. e. by Uudswell; s. E. by Eaton and Westbury; a. by Ascot. The land is of (irst-rate quality, and fit for all the purposes of agriculture. Beech, basswood, ironwood and maple, are the more prevalent kinds of timber. A few swamps occur, but they are neither extensive nor deep ; in fact, they are scarcely more than common wet-lands, and require only careful ditching to become very good mea- dows, of which there are already, in different parts, many large extents of the most luxuriant kind. This T. is uncommonly well watered by several rivers and streams, which, after winding in all directions, fall into the St. Francis. In the 14th range there is a small lake. On the banks of some of the minor rivulets many good patches for the growth of hemp can be found, and on the parts that lie a little higher is a fine soil for the cul- tivation of flax. Although a part of this t. wa' granted in 1803 and 4, it may be said to have been totally neglected until lately ; but as new settlers are now encouraged to take lands, it is to be expected that this fine tract will soon ex- hibit productive farms and a thriving population, — Ungranled and unhealed 7,000 acres, 8T0NEHAM AND TEWKESBURY. Statutici, Population U ■'li ;* Annual Agricultural Produce, Wheat ()HtS Barley Horses Oxen Buihcb. 4410 I7d Buthtlt. I Buiheli. Poutoes • »l0{Hye . 25 Peas . 1 10 ; Indian com 200 Live Slock. 201 Cows 17 1 Sheep 13 1 Swine 50 % Stonrhabi and Tbwkebbury, townships, in the CO. of Quebec, are bounded n. and n. e. by waste lands; a. w. by St. Ignaee; s. e. by CAte de Beaupre ; s. by Beauport and Notre Dame des Anges. These townships lie contiguous to each other and were surveyed and subdivided many years ago, but they still remain very indifferently settled. They have no line of division between them and are distributed into lots and ranges as if they were one township. — The surface is moun- tainous and rocky, the larger part barren and unfit for cultivation, with the exception of some scanty patches in the vallies that are moderately good and would bear tillage, and the part ex- tending from the front to the river Jacques Car- tier, where the land is chiefly arable and of a yellow loamy nature. — It is watered by the large rivers, St. Anne, Jacques Cartier and Batiscan, running majestically between the lofty ridges of mountains, by several rivers of inferior magni- tude, and by some small lakes. The timber is beech, maple, birch, and pine of good dimen- sions. — The most valuable part was granted to Kenelm Chandler, Esq. and is now the property of Mrs. Brydon. — Many of the following par- ticulars respecting these townships are extracted from the journal of the persons who were lately sent to report on the capabilities of these tracts, and will, it is conceived, prove useful to settlers. This examination was made between the 22d of June and 16th of July, and appears to have been carried on with care and amidst no in- considerable difficulties. — These two townships, which appear to have been always conjoined, are traversed by three separate streams which run in a south-westernly direction. The river Huron appears to issue from Lake u Hibou in the 17th lot of the tith range, which, leaving the township in the 6th lot of the 1st range, falls into Lake St. Cliarles so much noted for its beautiful scenery. The Jacques Cartier river enters the township at the 36th lot of the 2(Hh range, and leaves it at the 1st lot of the 7th range, watering a great extent of excellent land, a great deal of which re- quires only a road to render it fit for immediate settlement. Two branches of the Ste. Anne, in their course to the south-west, cross the t. in its north-western extremity. — The nearest part of the T. ascertained to be tit for cultivation extends from Scott's clearance in lot 8, range 2nd, in a north- emly direction, along the Indian path, by which settlers may trace it as far as Lake a Hibou ; this tract joins, at its northern extremity, another ex- cellent piece of land, lying on the Jacques Cartier ; this section is about 3 or 4 miles in length. An- other piece of land every way fit to be settled, adjacent to the former, begins at Craig's clearance in the 5th lot of the 2nd range, enclosing Lake Durand and extending n. w. to three small lakes in the 5th range. The longest extent of land re- commended in the survey alluded to is found along both banks of the Jacques Cartier, com- mencing at lot 9 in the 7th range, and ending about lot 30 in the 16th range; this portion includes the valley of the Jacques Cartier for 13 miles in length and varying from 2 to 3 in breadth ; it is in general bounded by mountains or by hilly and rocky lands on both sides ; it possesses a rich soil and is covered with elm, ash, black birch and maple. Sugar may be made in abundance. The river Jacques Cartier abounds with fish. The road to this section, from the most 8. part of the t. nearest to Quebec, will be about 6 miles in length and will pass through a part of that country that can be easily opened. — Two small rivers, Cach^ and Epaule, fall into the Jacques Cartier from the east, near the 23rd lot in the 8th range : the banks of the latter consist of excellent land ; and the timber which indicates the best soil is found in abundance, and in addition to the trees men- tioned above there are here very fine cedar and spruce. The Epaule extends to the extremity of the township and every where discovers the same favourable symptoms, except in one place where the mountains shelve down to the river side. To the south of this tract is the other river, Cach^, on which the land is much inferior but abounds in good mill-sites, which in time will doubtless be valuable. — In the 10th and 11th ranges, between the 13th and 21st lots, are situated three lakes, named St. Thomas, St. Vincent and William, 'llie • S T O 8 U D first two lie clue together, the third is about half a mOe from the others. They all communicate with each other, and send a considerable stream into the north-west side of the Jacques Cartier. The land in the vicinity of these lakes, especially on the east side, is well calculated for settlements and the lakes swarm with fish, from which settlers might derive great part of their subsistence. A road of three miles in length, but over a considerable hill, would connect this tract with that mentioned on the Jacques Cartier, which river can here be con- veniently passed by a ferry. The same tract ex- tends to the eastward about 5 miles. — Another tract of land of similar description lies to the east of the Jacques Cartier, from a place in that river called the Forks, along a iiiie trwe:^ by an Indian path and fo thi .listancc of throu jniles. — These appear to L ■ tlo inoat 5'crtalc poW? .s of this town- ship, and it "i th we r.o wtiich seVt). rs ought first to direct thsir je usefvl, but r'.rmct at present U; wftlo* If. .'jiy aJvan',.i;^.j. — Bej ;)id the IJJih i'ou^;e, bttwceit iha iwo > . ^che? of the Stt!. A.»! u- .lad OR both sides 'Jem, the land appcorr to i»e much ipferiov; i, is mouiitii.'' us andiHKiiyr occasional) .:. in the present conspi- cuous exertions that ai'e making for the s^^ttlenient of the country; and it has already been announced that a good road is about.to be opened to supersede the very inconvenient one now in iise. From the general improvement of the internal communica- tions and from our improvcfl knowledge of -hese tow«aii''i..;., ind espedall)' it" a correct survey shall be mail; , ', mu- be expected that the prosperity of Stoneham and Tewkesbury will increase with rspfiV.ty. — The following statistical account was ..xen in 1824, when 77^ arpents were under cul- tivation. Males Females Wheat OhU Peas Potatoes Hones t'owB Staiutiei in 1824. • 41 1 Total population . 8»l /Igritmllural ProJuce. Buahclt. M . 178 *7 . 8180 Turnips Hav, bundles Cttubagm . Butter, lbs, . 70 BiuheU. . 510 . 4000 . 1000 . »to Lhe Stock. Stratford, a projected township in the co. of Shcrbrooke, lies between Winslow, Oarthby, and Lingwick. Stukrlet, township, in the co. of Shcfibrd, is bounded b. by Orford; w. by Shcfibrd; H. by Ely ; 8. by Volton. Although the surface of this tract is generally uneven and broken, the land in some parts is rather above the medium quality. Beech, maple and basswood, with hemlock and cedar in the hollows and moist lands, arc the pre- va!!' ig sorts of timber.^It is watered by streams Mii'jg into the Yamaska, whii.h have their sourres amov^ the hills stretching across it, and ulsc by some sm:r.\ lakes. Statistics. Popiii.iUon , 275 Annual Agricultural Produce, Wncat Oats Barley .'lor>.e» Oxen Bu«heli 9,700 . 3,900 810 ISO I ICO Dutheli. Potatoes 5,300 Peas . 1,710 DuiheU. Biick.whcut 14)0 Indian corn 1,180 Livj Stock. Cows Sheep 210 1 Swine I(i5 Sun, Du, river, in ''.e co. of iJellcchosse, rises in the t. of Standon und runs rapidly between steep mountains to the N. w. ^t then winds round by St. Gervais for 8 Icagur.,, where t leaves the chain of mountains. This beautifully wind- ing stream receives a branch descending from the augmentation to St. JVIichel, and, from the cm- t'uence of this branch with the main stream in the S. of St. Vallier, the river meanders through a fine plain in a north-eastemly direction to the village of St. Thomas, where it forms a large basin before it discharges into the St. Lawrence. Its course is much impeded by shoals and it is not X X S U D 8U T N: ! il; tRI ' ft navigable for any thing but canoes. A little below the village its breadth is 150 yards; the level of its bed is 20 feet above the St. Lawrence, which occasions a fall that from the latter has a very beautiful effect. On each side of it, jus( at the break of the descent, are two saw-mills in situ- ations most advantageously chosen for ensuring a continual supply of water. The basin is spacious and well sheltered ; at high water vessels from 20 to 25 tons may run in for security against a gale, by taking care to avoid a muddy flat at its en- trance: the channel, however, is not difficult. The branch called Bras St. Nicholas has its source in the high lands, in the rear of Bonsecours and L'Islet, and runs parallel to the St. Lawrence, but in an opposite direction, until it falls into the B. du Sud at the village of St. Thomas. At its confluence a handsome bridge, called Prevost Bridge, was erected in 1812 by Jacques Alorrin; it is 120 feet in length. IB in breadth and 15 above the level of the water. Over the Riviere du Sud there is a much handsomer one, called Regent's Bridge, built in 1813, by Francois Fri- chette; it is 300 feet long, 20 in breadth and 15 above the water's level ; it is built with wood and supported by substantial neat piers with a very handsome railing on the top. These bridges are nearly together and almost at right angles, having a very light and pretty appearance. The lands near the source of this river are reported by the hunters to be of the best quality, and the valley through which it runs is a level, rich and fruit- ful plain. The richness of the harvests in this luxuriant valley formerly acquired fur it the re- putation of iieing the granary of Lower Canada, but it is now supposed to yield in fertility to the lands on the river Richelieu ; its scenery, how- ever, is extremely soft and beautiful. SuD-ouKsT or SouTH-wKHT .'iver, in the co, of Rouville. There arc two riv' -s of this name in the augmentation to Munnoi : the Great South- west River rises in Luke J nn and runs into the n. Yamaskit ; near its niou.ii it receives the Little South-west River, which waters the Seotrh settle- ment. — i'ide Moniioir, S. Suu-oi'KNT, Bkas UK, river, in the counties of Megantic and Beuuce, is supplied by small lakes in tlie T. of Tring, from whicii it enters tlie S. of Vuudreuil and discharges itself into the R. C'hau- diire. It is generally passable in canoes but not in Iwats. Suffolk or Lockabbr, township, in the co. of Ottawa, vide Lochaber. — Besides the grant to Mr. M'Millan in 1807, a grant of 1945 acres wa» made to Philemon Wright, Esq. in 1823. Sugar Loaves, in the co. of L'Islet and south of the Grande Riviere Noire, are 5 small moun« tains connected by ridges ; the diameter of their bases is from 1 5 to 20 perches, and the length of their sloping sides from 4 to 5 perches. They are rather stony and end in abrupt rocks covered with mixed timber. Most of them are close to the bank of the river. — V. Grande Rivihre Noire, Sunday Riveh, in the t. of Leeds, joins the Ossgood River. Sutton, township, in the co. of Missiskoui, is bounded k. by Potton ; w. by St. Armand ; s. by the province line; n. by Brome. The land is genera'.Iy very good and every branch of culti- vation might be carried on to advantage, except in some few marshy places which could, however, be easily drained and converted into very good meadow land. The timber is chiefly ash, elm, maple and beech ; on the lower parts are the kinds usually found on wet soils, viz. cedar, spruce, lir, hemlock, &c. — It is watered by the River Mis- siskoui, that crosses the s. k. comer, and by many small rivers. — Several roads have been opened in difl'erent directions towiinis Missiskoui Bay, the other townships and the ittate of V^ermont — Set- tlements to a large extent have been made and agriculture appears to be carried on with spirit. The principal settlements are on each side of the R. Missiskoui and its N. branch. A road has been laid out from Rickford in the Un; ?d States to the T. of Brome. On the streams that inter- sect the cultivated parts are two grist and three saw-mills. In this t. bog and mountain inm-ores are found and an iron forge is established. — About 3,000 acres are under cultivation. l'u|iuliitiun Scliiiiilii t'oni-inili" Statistics. HW.) I Ciir(lin)(-niilU 1 Fiilling.iiiilU I Suw. mills SIlOJlkct'lltTB I TllVlTllS . 1 ArtiiiHiis 15 .tmiiiul AgikuUural Prodiiic, Uuihclt. I Buihi'lt. I Buiheli. Wlii'iit . (i.IMK* f'dtiitiK-g :ij7,(KKl Hiii'k wlu'iit .'MHIO Out- . ((."(Ml I't-u* . (i,(NK) liidiHii corn l.OOO Uurlcy . l.tHHJlKye . I.JUO .M«|). Mig.twtn.U Live Slock, I loTHVf Uxt'ii •,'IO|(:.m« kJU I Shcrp J(»(M Swine 300 T E M T E »I 1 .'jOO T. Tadoubsac, v. Saouknay, r. Talayorle, river, rises in a lake in the rear of Stoneham and running a. w. traverses Fief Hubert, and descending through Fausembault into Bourglouis meets another river that rises in 3 ■mall lakes at the n. w. comer of Fief Hubert. The union of these streams forms the R. Ste. Anne. Tartioo, v. TURTIOOO. Tartiooshichb, v. Turtioowhichb. Tabthkreau Kivrr, in the t. of Buckland, is one of the brunches of the Riviere des Abena- quis which runs into the r. Etchemin. Tbhiccamino Lake, in the co. of Ottawa, about 4U0 mile)) n. w. of Montreal, is a large lake: the country about it is fertile and will make good settlements hereafter. Mr. M'Kay, in the spring of 181K or 19, planted 3ti bushels of potatoes on the borders of this l. and they grew exceedingly well; he also sowed some peas and other seeds with similar success. He likewise purchased in Hull a bull, with some cows and calves, for the use of his farm on this lake. Temiscouata (F.), v. Madawaska, S. Temiscouata Lake, in the co. of Rimouski, is, by the lowest estimate, 22 miles in length, and it varies from half a mile to 2^ miles in breadth, and is sufficiently deep for vessels of cunsiilerable burthen. It is encompassed by lofty mountains gradually descending, and covered with thick wood almost down to its margin. Several large rivers lend the aid of their copious streams to swell the waters of this romantic and secluded expanse: the principal rivers are called the Nuni- jamskutcsck, the Toledo or Riviere au C'unot, and the Ashberusk. On the borders of the lake the soil is, in many places, light, sandy, and gravelly, and extensive pineries arc found in its vicinity and along the rivers that run into it. The scenery is remarkably various, beautiful and pietureM|ue, but the charms of the spring, the summer and the au- tumn can scarcely c(imi)ensatc, in this spot, so far removed from the comforts and the pleasures of society, for the dreary solitude of the winter. This lokc ulxninds with iish of almost every de- scription to be found in fresh water, particularly the toledo, the white Ksh, and the salm(m-trout, which weighs from 10 to 2U lbs., and is frequently speared by the settlers. In 1824 Col. Fraiercom' menced his settlements on this lake ; it then con- sisted of about 4 houses, a saw-mill and from ^0 to 80 acres cleared. Col. Eraser has discovered a bed of excellent lime on the borders of the lake. A small steam-boat on this lake would materially facilitate the intercourse between Canada and New Brunswick. — Vide Madawaska, F. and Temis- couata Portage. Temiscouata Portage, v. Roam. Templbton, township, in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded e. by Buckingham; w. by Hull; in the rear by Portland ; in the front by the R. Ot- tawa. Eight ranges were surveyed in lilOii and the greater part of the lands thus laid out have been found of an excellent quality, abounding with meadows and rising from the front into fer- tile swells, but some parts are stony. The land approaching the Ottawa is mther low, but tlic soil is tolerably good for the production of most sorts of groin and many of the most useful suc- culents ; the back parts are not much inferior to the front in soil and timber. Templcton has the advantage of H ^. Norway white and yellow pine are abundant ; the rear ranges are chiefly timbered with elm, birch, beech, luuple and bass- wood ; and the front with spruce, cedar, basswood and balsam. It is exceedingly well watered by the great and little rivers Blanche, the entrance of the River Gatineau, and by many inferior streams besides several ponds along its front, which overflow in spring and autumn. A long narrow pond extends across Nos. 20, 2o, 24 and 23 of Long Point Range, almost parallel to the shore, and another of the same description stretches ol). liquely across several lots w. of the R. Blanche in the I St range. — The south-westernly quarter of Templcton was laid out pursuant to a warrant of survey issued in the names of Mr. Philemon Wright and associates. The settlements in this township are chiefly in that quarter, and may, like those of Eanlly, lie said to have grown out of those of Hull. The 8. K. quarter, or nilher 13,0t'>0 acres, were granted to Mr. Alexander M'Millan and others, in Mar. 11107; the greater numlier of his associates have reconveycd their lands to him. The road opened by the commissittlcni to keep it in repair it is neglected and has liecomc almost impassable In 1K24 there were loO acres under cultivation and 30 cleared, on X X a T E R T E R m^ ' fi which were 7 houses and 4 haiai.'^Vngrttnted and unlocated, 40,807 acres. ';»)•• J'' Statittics. Population Potasberies . GO Pearlwberies , , 1 ;■ , 1 Annual Agricultural Produce. Uuihelt. Wlieat . 200 Oats . 360 Potatoes 1,190 Buiheli. Peas . aO Rye 80 Indian corn 705 Maple sugar Huy, tons Cwu. 2 270 Livestock. ,; ., Honei ... 20 Cows . . 18 Swine . Oxen ... 28 Sheep . . 15 21 Terra Firha of Mingan, v. Minoan. Tbrrbbois, or Deverbois, seigniory, in the CO. of Kamouroska, is bounded N. b. by the S. of Riviere du Loup ; s. w. by Granville and Lache* naye ; in the rear by waste lands ; in front by the St. Lawrence. Title. — " Cettc conoension ne se trouve ni dans le bureau du Secretaire ni dans le R^'gistre des Foi et Hom- niBge: son front etant incunnu elle occupc sur la carte rvspacc <|ui se trouve entre les eonccHsions de Messrs. de (irundville et de Lachenaie." — This concession was originally granted tu Fran. IMonis Bourgeois, 15 Nov. IU7'i, and was to consist of three leagues by three. — See Cdlilers d'liitcmlaiice, \o. 2 undary line of the 8. of Lacheniiye tu the depth thereof, thence westward along the renr boundary line thereof, thence westward along the rear boundary line of the aug. of Terrebonne to the s. w. boundary of the t. of Kilkenny, thence along the said boundary n, w. to the depth thereof, and thence on the sutne course tu the northern boundary of the province ; 8. w. by the co. of Two Mountains ; n. w. by the N. b«)undary of the province ; ». k. by the Riviere des Prairies, together with the island and seigniory of Isle Jesus, and ull the islands in that river, nearest to the county, and in whole or in part fronting it. It compreiiends the seigniories of Isle Jesus, Terrebonne, Dcs Pluines, aug. of Tcr- relwnnc, Dlainville, part of Mille Isles and its augmentation, and the township of Abcrcmnibie. Its extreme length is2{Ml miles and its breadth 14, containing 3100 sq. miles. Its lut. on the River St. Jean or Jesus is 4.'>'' HO 20 ' north, hm. 'IV 20 west. It sends two nieuibcrs to the provincial parliament and the ploies of election are St. Hok< and Ste. Anne des I'laines. Tite principal rivers are the St. Jean or Jesui, Ste. Anne or Mat* couche. North River, Achigan, and au Chiens. The soil and timber are of various qualities ; but the soil, generally, consists of a mixture of sand and clay. The centre of this county is traversed by a species of dry plains, on which grows only small underwood ; the front, especially below the Grande Coteau, offers excellent land and present! fine cultivated farms, and in the rear is found fine hard-wood. This co. is traversed by numerous roads, on which are the chief settlements present- ing, in many places, well cultivated farms. The chief roads are, those along the front and the R. Mascouche, the Chemin de la Grande Ligne, in Dlainville, and that along the eastern seignorial line of Terrebonne. The principal villages are those of Terrebonne and St. Therese. — This co., like that of Two Mountains, is circumscribed in its limits by the same cause — the difference ex- isting in the bearings of the Ottawa county lines from those on the St. Lawrence running due N.w., therefore its northern limit does not extend to the N.w. boundary of the province, as above stated. Population 10,005 Churches, R.C. 3 Cur^s Presbyteries \'illHges , SchtKjIs Corn-mills . Statistics. Saw.mills . Carding-mills F'ulling-mills Distilleries Breweries , Tanneries . Potasberies . I'earlafcberies Sbo|>keepcrs Taverns . . Artisans Ship-yards . 5 22 23 101 .Iniiual .Agricultural Pioduce. Wlieat . Oats Ciiilcy . Potatoes Horses Oxen Buihelt. 73,704 00,4+2 4,772 .•10,5,702 Buihelt. I Peas . 22,170 Rye . 2,312 1 Buck.wbeat 3,000 j Indian corn 3,284 1 Buihelt. Mixed grain .'1,990 Majile sugar, cwts. 312 Hay, tons 5.3,103 Live Slock. 5,077 1 Cows 5,i«)»| Sheep . 8,947 I Swine . 37,1551 7,370 Tkrrkbonnb, seigniory, in the co. of Terre- Ixinne, is bounded n. k. by Lachenayc ; s. w. by the S. of Riviere du C'luiie and by Dlainville ; in the rear by Abcrcnimbie and Kilkenny ; in the front by the n. St. John or Jesus. — Two leagues in front by 6 in depth. Granted in 3 parts; the 1st part, Dec. 23, 1H73, two leagues in front and depth, to Mr. Dautier Deslandes ; the 2nd part, called Dcsplaines, Apr. 10, 1731, of similar dimensions, to Sieiir Louis Lepage de St. Claire ; the 3rd part, Apr. 12, 17'>3, also of similar dimen- sions, to Sieur Louis de la Corne. This S. is TERREBONNE. \ f a . 5 ies i n 2« 83 lOi 7,370 now t)- property of the heirs of the late Simon M'Tavish, Esq. of Montreal — The soil towards the front is as rich and luxuriant as any in the province, and towards Desplaines it is generally t{ first-rate quality, but the remote parts are mountainous with a rough gravelly or stony soil. The high lands produce abundance of beech, maple, birch and elm timber ; in some few places, that lie low and wet, there are cedars and spruce firs. Pull two-thirds of this property are con- ceded, the greater part of which is under good cultivation and is extremely productive. The front is particularly well settled and exhibits every ap- pearance of comfort and even affluence. — The rivers Achigan and Mascouchc, with 3 or 4 rivulets, water this S. completely; they turn some very good com and saw-mills, and those called the Ter- rebonne mills are celebrated as being the most complete and best constructed in the country. The carding and fulling-mills are also of great use. — The lands in the front of this seigniory are rich and productive, but not so much so in the augmentation to Desplaines, a tract so named on account of its extensive plains of inferior soil co- vered with brushwood : some parts of the aug- mentation, however, are valuable and well settled. —The 3rd augmentation, which presents, gene- rally, rich and fertile land and good timber, is settling fast, and comprises the new settlement of New Glasgow, on the river Achigan. The great number of roads which traverse this sei- gniory and extend along the banks of the several rivers are tolerably good and well settled. The Chemin de la Grande Ligne, leading from the village to New Glasgow, is considered of great use, and offering a communication with the new townships, and may ultimately prove as useful as that which traverses Blainville by St. Theresc. — The Parish of Tfrrrbonne forms scarcely a third part of the seigniory. Three-fourths of it are conceded and the remainder, viz. Le Urund Co- tenu, is in woodland, and Ixiing considered unfit for cultivation has no road across it. Almost all the lands fit for cultivation were conceded previously to l^iiQ. The extent of these cim- cessions was 3 arpcnts by 20, and the condi- tions were 2 sols toumois per arpcnt or one sol and one pint of wheat, and on a whole range 5 sols quit rent. Afterwards continuations were added to the old concessions, but they were ge- nerally of no use except for wood, the soil being nearly a sterile sand; these continuations were for the most part 20 arpents each.— The Village of Terrebonne is pleasantly situated on a project- ing point of land, having several beautiful islands in front, which, by their varied and romantic scenery, greatly contribute to embellish the pro- spect. It contains about 200 well-built houses of wood and stone, besides the church and par- sonage-house; the seignorial-house is a well- constructed mansion; indeed there are several houses built in a very good style in this village, it being a favoured spot where many gentlemen, who have realised large fortunes in the N. w. company fur trade, retire to enjoy the comforts and luxuries of private life. A fair is annually held at this village on the .3rd Tuesday in Sept., and it is also a place of some traffic, occasioned by the continued influx of persons bringing grain to the mills from distant parts, and by the large exports of flour that annually take place ; in con- sequence many of the residents are traders and artisans, whose commercial concerns impose a de- gree of consequence upon the village. In IROil this seigniory was purchased by the late Simon AI'Tavish, Esq., to whose heirs it now belongs, for 25,100/. currency; since that period many large sums have been expended in making nu- merous judicious and beneficial improvements. Population 80M Churches, K. C. 1 Ciirts . . 1 Presbyteries 1 Convents . 1 Schools , 1 Statistics, VillHges ('orn-niills , Carding-mills Kulling-inills Saw-milU TiinnerioR . I'otHsheries . Pearluslieries M<' cours one league, ascending as far as Ste. Croix. Title. — " Concession du 29me Octobre, 1672, faite par Jean Talon, Intendant, au Sieur de Villirii, de IVtenmie de terres qui se trouveront sur le fleuve St. Laurent, de^ puis les bornes de celles de Mr. Lauzon, jusqu'a la petite riviere dit de yilHcu, icelle comprise, sur une lieue et demie de profondeur."— Ae^. Int. Con. Sup, letlre B, folio 20. TiN'owicK, township, in the co. of Drummond; is bounded n. e. by Chester and a. w. by Kingsey. It is watered by numerous streams that empty themselves into the r. Nicolet. — Ungranted and unhealed, 2,270 acres. Statistics. Population . . 01 ' : Annual Agricultural Produce. , ^Vhcat Oats Buihela. | BuiheU. . 9()5 Barlpy . 45 . 1, 000 1 Potatoes 1,260 Butheli. Peas . 300 Indian com 800 Live Stock. Horses Oxen . U Cows . 72 . 54 Sheep . 180 Swine . 80 Toledo or Riviere au Canot, derives its source in a chain of small lakes to the n. b. of Lake Temiscouata, into which it discharges itself; although rapid, it is navigable for canoes. — The Toledo trout is worthy of remark ; it is very like a common-sized cud-fish and is taken in such quantities at a particular season, that the inhabit- ants of L. Temiscouata and others, even from the Madiiwuska settlement, salt them for their use in winter. It is the largest fish taken either in this river or the lake, and is only found near the mouth of the river. It is caught with the line and hook. ToMEFOBi Lake, in the t. of Hatley, extends diagonally from the 4th to the 9th range about 8 miles and its breadth 1 mile. The banks «re beau- tiful and picturesque, with landscape and wood- land scenery as romantic as the most fertile genius of an artist could well imagine. It abounds with excellent fish and, like the other lakes in Hatley, is the resort of innumerable wildfowl of various descriptions. Its outlet unites with 2 or 3 other streams, from Compton and Clifton, and falls into the R. St. Francis in Ascot. Tomisticobish (R), V. Rivierk DBS Vabbs, ToNKANcouR or PuiNTB uv Lao, seigiuory, l-K -'I TON T R E SO in the co. of St. Maurice, is bounded n. b. by St. Marguerite and St. Maurice ; s. w. by Oatineau ; in front by Lake St. Peter and the St. Lawrence. — It contains fiefs Normanville and Souvaget. — l\ leagues in front by 2 in depth. Granted Nov. 3, 1734, to Sieur Rene Oodefroi de Ton- nancour. It now belongs to Madame Montour. — A reddish light soil on clay or marl spreads over the greater part of this seigniory ; the front is sandy, flat and low, but towards the interior it gradually becomes better and higher, rising more abruptly towards the rear: flax flourishes well and the land is congenial to the growth of hemp. —All the grant is conceded in 7 ranges, of which 3 are entirely settled and a fourth in progress. The lands conceded prior to 1 759 were rented sit 24) sols per arpent and a capon. — Tim prevailing timber is maple, beech, ash, birch and some pine. —It is watered by part of the Petite Machiche, by the Hivicre au Sable which turns 2 saw-mills, by the r. St. Charles, on which are erected one saw-mill and a corn-mill, 2 stories high with 4 sets of stones, and by the r. au Olaise which drives a saw-mill and a carding and fulling-mill. Neither of these rivers is navigable, but on their banks are some good settlements, which with those along the front embrace about one-half of the grant — The roads are generally fine and several pass through the interior; the main one crosses the front and runs along the St. Lawrence. — The I'ointe du Lac is a large projection from the front of the seigniory, forming the n. e. ex- tremity of Lake St. Peter : on this promontory are some remains of barracks that were erected for the accommodation of troops during the first American war. On the east side of La Rivitre de la Pointe du Lac stands a good-looking church, a parsonage- house and a chapel ; not fur removed from this spot are Montour's Mills, large, commodious and Well-built, and near to them are some extensive storehouses ond dwellings; on the opposite side of the road, a little above the mills, stands the proprietor's manor-house, a very liundsomc Iniild- ing, finely situated and commanding a pru0 Buiheli. Rye . . 6J0 Indian com 16 Live Stock, MO I Cuws . 600 1 Sheep 1,000 1 Swine 3,000 1 600 Horses Oxen Title. — " ConcesKion du 3me Novembre, 17^ faite par Charkt Marquii de Beauharnoii, Gouvemeiir, ct Gillei Ilocquart, Intendant, au Sieur Hrii^ Gndrfroi de Tonnan- cour, d'une dviiii lieue de terre du front siir une lieue de prof'undeur, i prendre le dit front au lunit de la prot'on- deur et limite du fief ci-devant de Normanville, puur 6tre la dite prolongation en protundeur unie et jointe uu dite ticf de Koimanx'ille pour ne fiiire ennenible avec le fief et Sei- gneurie de Snuvagct qu'une Beule et meine Seigncurie, Bous le nom de ToHiiaiicour, luquelle se trouvera etre d'uiiu lieue et quart de front aur deux lieuca de profondeur: 4e nimb de vent courant pour le front Nord-Est et Sud- Ouest, et pour la profondeur Nord-Ouest et Sud-Est." — Rteiitre. d'Intcndaiice, No. 1, folio "id. ToRTiTB, la, river, rises in Sherrington, and, after a serpentine course in the parish of St. Constant, runs to the upper part of the parish of St. Philip; it turns some mills, but it is navi- gable for a space of 12 arpents only from its mouth. TouFPK DR8 P1N8, river, in the co. of Beaiicc, rises in Aubert de L'Isle and falls into the Chau- dicre, about 3J miles above the church of St. Fran9ois, in the S. of Vaudreuil. TouoH, river, rises in the n. angle of Framp- ton and runs h. w. into the Etchemin]; it turns a mill at its mouth. Tremblay, fic^, in the co. of Chambly, is l)ounded n. b. by Boucherville ; s. w. by Lon- gueuil ; in the rear by Montarville ; in front by the St. Lawrence. — 2« French ar|ients in breadth and one league in depth. Granted, 2i>th Oct., 1072, to Sicur de Varcnnes and is now the pro- perty of J, Dubai, Esq. and the heirs of E. Gray, Esij. — In this small tract the land is of excellent quality and nearly all under cultivation. It is but indilferently watered. Title.— " ( Dneenoion du 2i)ine (Molire, 1072, faite par JrnH Tahm. Intendant, uu Sieur dr I'liremiei, de vintrt.hiiif arpena de Icrre de front sur mw lieue de profomlrur, it prendre >.nr le tleuve .V«. Laorriit, luprn^e d'lin rd'( « li| concsMiou du Sieur St, Michel et /nulre cellc du Sieur T RI T R O ^ It i i ' I* T I-- I '4 I' Boucher; et la quantity de tenre qui se trouvera depu's le Sienr Boucher jusqu'ii la rivUre X'oire Dame, la moitU d'icelle comprise, sur pareille profondeur, avec deux isles 3u'on appelle Perciei, et trois islets qui sont audessou* es isles."— A^^(ii••. ■■!,■, Vacher, Ruisseau Vacher, rises in several springs near the v. of St. Jacques, in the S. of St. Sulpice, and running e. falls into the R. L'As- somption. Valin, a, river, rises in a small lake, and runs into the n. bank of the R. Saguenay, half a league below the R. Caribou. Half a league from its mouth arc falls, that would facilitate the erection of mills. It is an inconsiderable stream, and nearly such as that of the St. Charles, near Quebec. Vallbe, Great and Little, rivers, rise in the waste lands behind the S. of Grande Valine des Monts, in the co. of Gasp& Their courses are parallel, and of similar length, both traversing that seigniory into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Vallke ues Monts, v, Grandb Valleb deb MoNTS. Varennes, seigniory, in the co. of Vercheres, between Boucherville and Cap St Michel or La Triniti', is bounded in the rear by the augm. to Belncil — 28 arpents in front by one league in depth. Granted, 29th Oct., 1072, to Sieur de Varennes, and is at present the property of Paul Lussier, Esq. — The whole of this little grant is good and fertile land, nearly all in cultivation and pleasantly watered by two or three little streams. The church, belonging to this property, surpasses in beauty all those of the surrounding seigniories, and its exterior and interior decorations deserve notice : descending the river its three spires form a conspicuous object, which may be seen from Montreal, a distance of five leagues : a very good parsonuge-housc stands near it. There is also a YY 2 m ¥ V A R neat chapel. — It is watered by the St. Charles and other small streams — Many of the houses of the tenants are well built, and dispersed through every part ; but nowhere in sufficient number to form a village. — All the lands are conceded, and the greater part previous to 1759. — On a farm in this parish is a mineral spring, which, though known to be such for a long time, is not the less neglected, it is said, than that in the neighbour- hood of Three Rivers : the water is saline. The intended road between Varennes and Beloeil has not been commenced on account of the inadequacy of the sum appropriated for that purpose by the commissioners of internal communications; the amount of that sum is 200/. currency, and the expense of the road has been calculated at 500/. The road is to extend 75 arpents, 9 poles, and 2 feet, over 3 concessions : the first nearest Varennes is under culture, with the exception perhaps of one fourth its depth, which is in copse ; the second in timber and copse, and the third in copse and newly cleared land, except about one seventh, which is under culture. In the line of the road arc three ravines and a water-course, which make it necessary to build four bridges. — There is no want of persons desirous of making new settle- ments if they could obtain lands, particularly if they were near their relatives and friends, but there are none. The parish of Ste. Anne, by a regulation of Sept. 20, 1721, coniirmed by an order in council of Mar. 3, 1 722, extends about 2 leagues in front, and comprehends the fief Le Sueur, St. ^lichel. La Trinite and Varennes, in- cluding Isle a I'Aigle, and also Isle Ste. Therese, with the exception of the domain of Langloiserie and the houses of Louis and Urbain Briant, which arc comprcliended in the limits of the parish of Pointe aux Trembles, in the Island of Montreal. Statistics. Po|mliitioii SMU'i Sriiools . J Medical men 1 C'liuicht's, R.C. 1 A'ill«f?es . 1 Notarit'S . 1 Ciin's 1 Corn-mills . 10 Shopkeepers 6 Preshytcries 1 iiuw-mills . 1 T;iverns . 3 Ci)ll('gi.'s 1 Tuiineiies . 3 .Artisans . 23 Aiiiniiil .Igiiciillural Pniduce. Htisltcls. Bushels. 1 Busliels. Wlieat . Kj,WK) Pi'Hs . 5i3,UIO 1 .Mixed grain 1,000 Oats . .'JI.IKHI Hye j-<;o : .Maple sugar, Hiiiluy . 7,H(M) Indian corn 2,()00 cwts. j3 Potutoe.s (i!»,j()0 Lhc Slock: Horses . 1.077 Cows . -^..yK) Swine . I.oOO Oxvri 7jtJ Slieep . 10,000 Title— I'ide Tukmulay, S. V A U Vas^b, des, or Ton isTicoBisa, river, runs into the 8. bank of the Saguenay, between the mouth of the Chicoutimi ftnd Ha Ha Bay : at its mouth a dangerous shoal and reef of rocks project, which are covered at flood tide : some fine specimens of red marble have been found here. Vasioambnkb, river, runs into Ha Ha Bay. It is fed by small rivulets, running through chan- nels formed by gullies of a moderate depth. This R. on an average is about 4^ chains in width ; it is very rapid, and runs over a bed of gravel. The quantity of water it brings down is considerable, and it has changed its bed in many places between its mouth, and a distance of about three miles up. There are banks raised in the middle of it, which are from six to nine chains wide, and frequently a quarter of a mile long. Navigable for canoes to a great distance. Vaudrhui l, county, in the district of Montreal, is bounded n. and e. by the river Ottawa; s. and 8. E. by the St. Lawrence, and s. w. and w. by the boundary line separating that part of Lower Canada and Upper Canada situate between the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa. It includes Isle Perrot and aU the islands in the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence, nearest to the county, and in the whole or in part fronting it. It comprises the seigniories of Vaudreuil, Rigaud, Soulanges and New Longueuil and the township of Newton. Its extreme length is 29 miles, and its breadth 20 ; containing 31 (J square miles. Its centre is in lat. 45" 21' 15' N., long. 74" 16' w. It sends two members to the provincial parliament, and the places of election are Vaudreuil and Village of Cedres. This co. is of a triangular shape and is formed by the tongue of land dividing the waters of the St. Lawrence from those of the Ottawa. Its local situation offers manifold advantages: the opening of new roads, leading from one great river to the other ; and the new settlements in the in- terior which are fast increasing, add consider- ably to its importance. The chief and most flourishing settlements are to be seen on the borders of the St. Lawrence, the Ottawa, and on each side of the rivers, de L'Isle, Quinchien, and La Graisse ; there are several ^ " .ks and canals in this CO., the chief of which are at the cascades, and Coteau du Lac : the latter is a military post and a port of entry. The co. contains the villages of Vaudreuil, Cascades, Cedres and Rigaud. \'i V A U V A U Popuktkm 13,897 Cburcbea, R. C. 5 CurJis . . 5 Prciibjrteries . 5 ViUagei Schools 8lali»tic$. Com-milU . Saw-millii Curding-millH Fulling.fnilli Tanneries Potanheries . PearlMherie* Shopkeepers TBvenis Artisans . . 29 93 Annual AgT\cuU»rttl Produce. Busheli* 60,8UU 5,8;*) Potatoes 836,701 Wheat Oats Barley Buihelt. Peas . 2(),H(iO Buck-wht. 10,(NJ<) Indian corn 6,()UI) Mixed grain o,()08 Maple sugar, cwtH. 679 Uay, tons 3i,3UU Live Stock. Horses Oxen 3,6031 Cows 4,6141 Sheep 6,146 1 Swine 22,910 1 3,995 Vaudreuil, seigniory, in the co. of Beauce, is bounded n. B. by Cranbourne; s. w. by Tring; N. w. by St. Joseph ; s. k. by Aubert de I'lsle and Aubert Gallion. — 3 leagues in front by 4 leagues in depth. Granted, Sep. 23, 1736, to Sieur Fleury de Gorgendiere. It now belongs to Monsieur de L<'ry. — The surface of this property is uneven and broken, and although much en- cumbered with rocks, which in many places are thinly covered, the soil is not of an inferior quality; the cultivated parts lie on each side of the Chau- di6re, and vary, from a quarter to half a mile in depth; they contain about 170 concessions, many in a flourishing state. — The timber consists of a general assortment of the best quality. — Besides the Chaudii're, it is watered by several other streams, of which the Bras de Sud Quest, falling into the Chaudiere, is the largest. The ChauditJre may be crossed at two or three fords ; but these, after two days' rain, are too much swollen to be safe for a carriage. -The parish of Vaudreuil does not include the whole of the seigniory. The un- conceded lands in this part of the S. are not con- siderable, and they are in general thought to be fit for cultivation ; they have no roads across them, nor are they surveyed. More than three-fourths of the lands were conceded prior to the conquest ; and the extent conceded to each individual was 3 arpents in front by 20 in depth, the surplus in some of them are continuations. The conditions on which they were granted are, in general, very moderate. Many persons ate desirous of taking new lands, but there remains not enough for all, and it appears as if the unconceded lands were reserved for the children of the more ancient and well-known families of the parish, who seem to be preferred to strangers. Population 8,405 Churches, K.C. 1 Cures . . . 1 Presbyteries . I Villages . . 2 Coru-mills . 2 SlalUlici. Carriing-mills Fullini^-mllis Saw-mills Tanneries Potasheries Justice of Peace 2 Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers , Taverns . Artisans . . ) a 8 8 28 Wheat . Oats . Horses Oxen Annual Agricultural Produce, BiuhaU. . I(i,(i00 I Bariey . 16,200 I Potatoes . Live Stock. 800 1 Cows 1,280 1 Sheep 1 ,(iOO I Swine .•J,»M)! Duihsls. 1,000 45,100 1,280 Title. — " '^lonci'ssion du 2.'lmc Septembre, 1736, faite piir Charlei Marquit de Biauliarnnit, uouvernour, ct Oillet Uoequart, Inteiidunt, au Sieur Fleury de la Gorgendiere, de trois lieiies de tcrre de front ct dc deux lieucs de pro- fondctir des deux ci.ti's de la rivit'rc du Suult de la Chau- diere, en remontant, k commencer h la fin de la concession accordre aiijourd'hui au Sieur Itigaud de Vaudreuil, en. semble les \s\e», islets ct lacs (|ui se trouvont dans la dite rivi£rc, dans la dite etendue de trois lieues." — Htgirtre d'lMtendaiice, No. 8, folio 9. Vaudhkuil, seigniory, in the co. of Vaudreuil, is bounded n. by the Lake of Two Mountains ; 8. by Soulange ; w. by Rigaud ; B. by the narrow channel that .separates it from Isle Perrot. — 4 leagues in front, and 1 ^ league in the broadest part and half aleagueinits narrowest. Granted, Oct. 12, 1702, to Mr. de Vaudreuil, and now the property of Robert Harwood, Esq. — This seigniory is in a very flourishing state ; two thirds conceded in lots of li acres in front by 2U to 30 in depth, forming six difi'crent ranges, parallel to the Ottawa ; the whole number of lots is 377> and of these 290 are under excellent cultivation. — The soil is good nearly throughout, and in many places of the best quality, producing grain and all the usual crops of the country — Three small rivers, the Quin- chien, Ou Aloulin and another stream, water it ; in spring they are navigable for boats, but after the freshes have subsided even small canoes cannot work upon them. — Maple, elm, ash, birch, beech, whiteand yellow pine of superior quality, are found. — There is an extensive l)od of iron ore in tlie Petite Cftte, near the centre of the S. ; it extends k. w. and 8. about 10 miles. — Cloth, flannel and some linen are manufactured, of fine quality. — There are 20 orchards, and the soil is well adapted for the growth of fruit : the apples are excellent. The inhabitants rear poultry of all descriptions, and sell them in the S. of the Lake of Two fllountains. The butter is principally made liy the English farmers, the habitans making scarcely sufficient for t t V A U their own coniumption. Flax is sown, but no hemp, though the soil is fit for it. The English settlers in Cute 8t. Charles grow the greatest quantity of hay, having extensive meadows. Two- thinls of the grain on an average are sold at the Alontreal market and to merchants of the place- The root, called ginseng, which is crystallized by Mr. J. M. C. Le Denier, a respectable inhabitant of the pariiih, is found in great abundance and ex- jwrted by him. This drug is good for a variety of spasmodic complaints. — On the bank of the river, about six miles from the Pointe des Cascades, is the pleasant village ofVaudrcuil, containing 38 houses, all well built of wood, except one, which is of stone, surrounding the church and parsonagchouse, which are both of stone. There are, however, many stone houses dispersed through the S. The seignoriol, or manor-house, is situated on a well-chosen spot, near a small rapid, about 1 ^ mile from the church ; sur- rounded by some groves of elm, plane and linden trees, which with avenues and other plantations in the English style afibrd many very pleasing pro- spects. At a nttlc distance from the manor-house area corn-mill and a wind-mill. The village o/'Cas- cades, situated on the poiiit jutting out into Lake St. Louis, contains 17 houses, 4 of which, including the guard house, are biiilt with stone ; and it has 3 taverns: 2 of the houses stand in the S. of Soulange. This v. stands on the stage road that connects the two provinces, and, considering its situation as a great thoroughfare, it has not in- creased in any respect so much as might have been expected, particularly as it enjoys the advantages of being at the head of one line of navigation and at the foot of iiiiotl'or : this perhapi may be ac- counted for by the rapid manner in which travellers pass through it, fur »:> soon as they leave the Steam-boat they enter the stage and pass on im- mediately ; and those who arrive by the- stage enter the steam- boat with similar haste : thus all pass through and no oilei stops.' Thiree stages, in general, are constantly on the run up and down from the v. of Coteau, and are frequently full of passengers and luggage ; the fare is os. for each passenger. The canal and locks are in good order, and 5 men who live in the guard-house, under the superintendence of Air. Robins, take care of the works. The rates are 7^- for a bateau, and 14s. for a Durham-boat, through the canal. Split Rock, and the Coteau du Lac. — The major part of the men of this seigniory are voyageurs, like V E R their neighbours, yet agriculture does not languish, nor is there a want of artisans in any of the useful trades : there are also 5 manufactories of pot and pearlash. The ferry-boats from Ste. Anne, on the Island of Montreal, which is the general routti to Upper Canada, land their passengers in this seigniory near the manor-house, and from the number of travellers continually passing much in- terest and variety are conferred upon the neigh- bourhood. — Besides the main road several others pass through Vaudreuil, and are all kept in very good repair as well as the bridges. From Point Cavagnal to the manor-house are several small islands, which are appendages to this S. under the original grant. Statistics of the Village of Vaudrtml, HOURCB Churches . Pri'sl)yterieB Ali'dicnl men Notaries Stutes . 38 1 1 3 Inns . Carpenters, 8tc. Wheelwrights Blacksmiths Chair-makers Statistics of the Seigniory. Population 2,405 Churches R.C. 1 Curi-8 . . 1 Villages . 2 Corn-mills . 2 Cnrding-inills Fulling-mills Saw-mills Tanneries Potasheries . Medical men Notaries Shopkeepers Taverns . 1 Artisans 3 3 i 2 I 1 2 8 6 26 Wheat Uuts Horses Oxen Annual Agricultural Produce. Buiheli . 16,600 I Barley . ICt.m) Potatoes . Live Slock. 1,2001 l,--iO0 Cows Sheep 1,800 6,000 Swine Buihels. , 1,000 . 45,100 1,800 Titli; — " Concession du 12me Octobre, 1702, faite par JliTiiir lie Callii^re, Gourerneur,et Jean Bochart, Intendant, u Mr. lie I'iiudiciiU, pour scs enfans lies et it naitre, de la mi^itii' d'tiiie lungue de terre, situec au lieu dit let Caicndes, asHtvnaiit quatre lieucs de front surune lieueetdemie de pi'ol'onili'ur uu plus large de la dite-langue de terre, et une deiui lii'iie au pins ('troit, a commcncer vis-a-vis I'lslc aiix Toiirtit I joignant icelle pareille Concession accordfe au Sieut dc Soulange." — Rig'uire d'Intendance, No, i, folio 'M. Vauoaoubskibank, river, rises a few miles s. of Bouchette's camp, at the s. comer of the co. of Bonaventure, and runs into the R. St. John. VunciiKREa, county, in the district of Mont- real, is bounded N. w. by the St. Lawrence ; s. k. by the river RicheU^u or Chambly ; s. w. by the seigniories of Boucherville, Montarville and Cham- bly ; N. K. by that part of the s. w. boundary of the seigniory of St. Ours between the St. Law- rence and the Richelieu, comprising all the islands. r. I < .1 . VE '^ V E R in thoie riven in front of, and nearest to, the county, in whole or in part fnmung it. It coni> prehends the seigniont-4 of Cuutrecceur, Bc-llcvue, Verch^res, Saint Rlun, Quillodi^re, Trinitc or Cap Saint Michel, v'arennes, Beloeil and its aug- mentation, Cournuyer and all the islands in the said River St. Lawrence opposite the same. Isle Bouchard excepted. Its extreme length is 13 miles, and its breadth 19, containing 192 square ndles. Its centre is in lat. 45" SS* 30" v., long. 73" 16' 0". It sends two members to the pro- vincial parliament, and the place uf election is at Verchtres. The face of the country is level and low. and the soil generally light, but productive; it M chiefly watered by the St. Lawrence and the Richelieu, by which it is bounded; few streams of any note traverse it. The roads are numerous, and the whole co. exhibits rich and flourishing settlements; — it contains a number of mills all worked by wind, which evinces the deficiency of water-courses. It contains six parishes, and the handsome village of Varennes, besides some minor ones. Population 12,695 Churches, R. C. 6 Cur^s Presbyteries Colleges Villages Scbouls . Statistics, Corn-mills . Saw-mills , Carding-millg Fulling-mills Tanneries . Shopkeepers Taverns . Artisans . Ship-yards Kiver-crat't Tonnage . Keel-boats 11 93 1 1 18 1 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat . Oats Barley . Potatoes Horses Oxen Buihels. 145,o3l 114,600 2:1,290 359,507 Busheli. Peas . 56,400 Rye . 9,020 Buck.wheat 2,500 Indian corn 4>880 Buihela. Mixed grain 5,610 Maple sugar, cwts. 187 Hay, tons 34,950 Live Stock, 5,322 1 Cows 3,2 10 1 Sheep 7, 180 J Swine 30,600 1 5,570 Vercherbs, seigniory, in the co. of Vercheres, on the south side of the St. Lawrence, is bounded N. B. by St. Blain ; 8. w. by Bellevue ; in the rear by Coumoyer ; in front of the St. Lawrence. — One league in front by two in depth. Granted, Oct. 29, 1872, to Sieur de Vercheres, and is now the property of Madame Boucherville. — The land is generally good, with several varieties of soil ; the largest proportion of which is in a creditable state of culture. It is watered by a small river and two or three rivulets, that turn a grist-mill, and some saw-mills. It has a neat church, a parsonage-house, and a chapel, in the ventre of a small village. — In the parith of Verchirrs all the lands are conceded, some as far bock as 1 727 ; and there are roads in all directions. The terms of concession were various; some were charged 2 bushels of wheat and 42 sols for U<> superficial ar- pents; some, one bushel of wheat and 1 piastre for 90 superficial arpents; some, 1 bushel of wheat for 60 superficial arpents ; and others were charged more or less. No one goes hence to settle in the townsliips ; for the fathers of families; Vho have sufficient means, purchase lands fur their children either in the parish or in the seigniories in the rear. ... ... .;>. I Statistics, ■ i 1 15 Annual Agricultural ProJuce, Buiheli. { Butheli. Biithrli. Wheat . 39,000 1 Potatoes 59,000; Indian corn 1, 3 by 40, is built of wood, and the presbytery, 46 ft. by 32, of stone. The S. is divided into many small fiefs. Fishing and hunt- ing being followed as the means of livelihood, tend to retard the settlement of the lands ; which b impeded by most of the tenants holding their lands in fief, possessing farms of 2 or 3 front ar- pents, and even more, by 2 leagues in depth, so that the seignior has no power to concede them ; the advancement of cultivation is also retarded by the inhabitants taking more land than they can cultivate, which deprives the young labourers of the power to obtain lands, although the possessors have more than they cultivate. — Isle Verte or Green Island, which is an appendage to this seig- niory, lies nearly opposite this seigniory, and is an appendage, to its being granted at the same time and to the same proprietor. It is 0> miles in length, and it;! greatest breadth is one mile. The soil is good, and yields fine pasturage for a large number of cattle ; and some of the low grounds are frequently overflown by the salt water during high tides. It also produces tolerable timber. A lighthouse is erected near the n. k. end of the island on a rocky point which juts far into the river, but 13 by no mciuis elevated. This island is inhabited by two fainilics. On the », side Mrs. Fraser, a widow lady, hao about 1^0 acres under cultivation, with a comfortable dwelling-house, a farm-house, and their respective appendages, all pleasantly situated nt the fiKit of u small bunk running along that side of tiie island which is divided from the settlements of Caconu by an arm of the 8t. Lawrence, alniut ^ of a mile in width. This channel is almost dry at low wut^r and otiers to the river-cruft a safe anchorage and shelter in stormy weather. The fishery, which couHists prin- cipally of herrings, has not unfrcquently produced 100 barrels at one tide ; but large quantities arc V I N allowed to escape or are otherwise lost for want of proper means to cure them all. Title.—" Concession du 27ine Avril, 1684, faite par k Febvre dc la Barre, Uouvemciir, et de Uteullei, Intcndant, ■ux Sii'Uri D«rti|my et de U Cardonniei-e, depuis au Sieur Dartigny seul, cuntenant deux lieues de terre, prrs et bois, de front sur Ic flcuve SI. Laurent sur deux lieues de pro- fondcur dan» les terres ; k prendre depuis uue riviere qui est viti-iUviH t'hle Verte, du citti du Sud de la dite isle, irclle rivii-rc comprise, jusqu'a deux lieues en descendant le dit fleuve, ensemble les isles, islets et battures qui se rcnvontrent vis-a-vis les dites deux lieues, jus<|u'a la dite isle Vfrte, icelle meme comprise." — Rigittre d'lntend- mee, Lei. tt. Jblh 22. VlATCHOUAN (R.), V. UcilATCHOUAN. ViELLR Fkumk, a ro'.k, t;. Gaspe Bay. ViEUPONT (F.), in 8te. Marguerite, S. ViBUPONT, fief, in the S. ci" Ste. Marguerite, in the co. of St. Maurice, extends along the St. Lawrence 17 arpents by one league in depth; being the space between two streams called the Third and Fourth Rivers. Granted, Aug. 23, I674, to Mr. Joseph Godefroi, Sieur de Vieu- pont ; and its precise extent of frontage deter- mined by royal ordinance, June 15, 1723.— A small lot of land between Vieupont and Labadie is said to have belonged to Air. Tonnancour. Title. " Concession du 23me AoAt, 1674s faite 4 Mr. .Touph Godefroi Sieur de Vieupont, d'une etendue de ferre sur le fleuve SI. Laurent, du c6tt du Nord, i cummcncer depuis la rivirre appeire la troiilime riviire jusqu'^ eelle appul^e la qimtriime riviire 1 contenant quinzc arpens de I'runt Bvec uue lieue do profondeur. Par une Urdonnance du ]^mv Juin, I7£), ila hi- TlgU que le fief d-dessus auruit dix-sept arpens de front sur une lieue di< ])rot'on. deur." — Cahiers d tnle>idanee, pour ramirmic Concenion. All plan plui haul cite iin lopiii de tcrrc eiitre Vieupont it Labiulle cit ilit apimrlcuir i Mr. Tunnanrour."_7i/- gittrc liciFoi ct nommiigc, No. i)!i,Jblio 78. ViLiKu, a small river in fief Maranda, in the CO. of Lotbiniere. It runs into the St. Law- rence. Vii.LAor, of iNDUsrnY, v. Lavultric, S. ViLLKCiiACVK (S.), t;. Bkauharnois. Vii.i.KiiAY, fief, in the co. of Kimouski. ViNCKLOT, seigniory, and its augmentation, in the CO. of li'lslet, is bounded n. k. by Bnnsecours, B. w. by ('up St. Ignacc and Ste. Claire ; in front by the St. Lawrence ; in the rear by waste lands. — The original grant one league siiuore. The augmentation is one league in breadth by two in depth. The fonner was granted, Nov. 3, Hi72, to the widow .\miot ; the latter, Feb. 1, 161)3, to Sieur de Vincelot. — Towards the river the land is low, the soil a light sandy earth with clay or VI N marl ; in the rear the soil is a light coloured loam as it approaches the mountains ; the greatest part is under cultivation, and it is rather bare of tim- ber. — The Bras St. Nicholas and some small streams water it very well. — The front is in- dented by a large bay, near which is situated the church and parsonage-house, and the telegraph station No. 6. — Several roads by the St. Law- rence, and on the side of the Bras, communicate with the adjoining seigniories. The augmenta- tion is remarkable for neither goodness of soil nor quality of timber; it is mountainous, and wholly uncultivated. . ... Title. — " Concession du.'ime Novembre, 1672, faite par Jean Talon, Intendunt, a Demoiselle Veuve AmM, d'une lieiie de terre sur autant de profondeur, a prendre siir le fleuve St. Laurent, depuis le Cap St. Ignace, iceliii conipris juequ'aiix trrres non^oncvd^-es." — RigMrc d'/HlendaHce, A^o. 1, folio 26. Augmentation. — " Concession du ler F"''vrier, 1693, faite ]iar Loult de Buade, Gouvemeur, et Jean Bochart, Iiitendant, au Sieiit de Vineelot, d'une lieue de terre de front avec deux licues de profondeur, dcrriere ct au bout de son (iet'de Vincelut,i\u Cap St. Ignace, qui a pareillement une lieue de front seulcinent, sur line lieue de profondeur, suivant les allKnemens ^^nrraux de ce pays." Rigiitre d'lnlendancc, No. i,Jbllo 9. ViNCENNKS, seigniory, in the co. of Bellc- chasse, is bounded s. w. by Mont-^-peine ; n. k. by Beaumont ; in front by the St. Lawrence ; in the rear by Livaudiere. — 70 arpents in front, by one league in depth. Granted, Nov. .3, 1672; to Sieur Bissot ; and Fer^ol Roy, Esq., is the present proprietor. — The land lies rather high towards the St. LaMrrence, and is, on the most elevated parts, of a lightish sandy earth ; iii other places a dark mould, on a substratum of rock, is prevalent. The greatest portion h in very respectable culture, and produces fine crops of grain, tic. Tlic tiral)cr has been greatly reduced, and what now remains is but of indifferent quality. Several small streams falling intr) the St. Lawrence provide rather a scanty irrigation ; one of them works a griet-mill seated in a cove under the lofty bank of that river. There arc many good farm-houses and other dwellings along the several roads that in- tersect the seigniory. — It comprises two ranges conceded ; in one are 20 farms, and in the other 23, and they measure 3 arficnts in front by 40 in depth. Two-thirds of the concessions are under cultivatiim. In the first are 31 houses, of which six are built with stone, and the population consists of 5U men and 01 women and ciiildrcu; the 2d WAR contains 21 houses, in eluding one of stone, 34 men and 28 women and children. Title.—" Concession du 3nie Novembre, 167^, faite par Jean Talon, Intendant, au Sieur BItiot, de suixante et dix arpens de terre de front, sur une lieue de profondeur. 4 prendre sur le flcuve St, Laurent, depuis les tcrres up- parteiiantes au Sieur de la CiiUre, jusqu'aux terrcs non- C0BcidtK»."—Regiitrc d' Intendance, A'o. I, folio 'M. Visitation, la, (V.), in Champlain, S. ViVKHi, river, in V^audreuil, in the co. of Vau- dreuil, rises in the second range of ccmccssions and running n., empties itself into the Lake of Two Mountains, about half a mile above the Pointe du Detroit. Vomiting Rivkr, v. Utsissaoamo. W. Wa«ani88I8, (R.), f. Wagansis. Waoansis, or Waganissis, river. There are two rivers of this name, the Great and Little Wagansis, being head branches of tht> R. Risti- gouche, in the co. of Bonaventure. From hence is a portage leading to the Grande Riviere that falls into the St. John, which forms part of tlie in- land communication, extending up the Ristigouche to the Madawoska settlement and Luke Tcmis- couata. The distance of the portage between the two rivers is about nine miles, and the land is divided by a height which is of pretty easy ascent ,- this iwrtage is well fitted for culture and i.s covered in general with hard wood, spruce and other woods. Both rivers, if cleared of tiie trees that obstruct their course, would be navigable for canoes; the land near them is flat and their Ixir- ders arc covered with alders and high trecii. — On the south side of thi.s r. below the Ixink and at the extremity of the portage stands the rros.i erected by the late catholic bishop of Qucliec, J(>kc'])Ii Octave Plessis. At this place, the laitlior, iind Mr. Johnson, in 1817, einlcd their exploring survey, pursuant to instructions of the coiniiiiK- sioners appointed for settling the l)oundarii's l)e- twecn the British provinces and the United .States, under the sith article of the treaty of (ilient. Warr, an unsurvcycit township in the "o. of B'.-llechasse, is bounded n. k. iin.l s. r. by waste lands ; w. and N. w. by Watford, Crunliournc and .Standim. This township is Mtip]M>sed to U' in general very su|Krior to the iidjaccnt townships, both as to soil and climate ; a small part luljiiining z % 11 WEN WES Standon is indifferent, but the s. and w. parts huve a very promising appearance, and are well watered by the river St. John, whose various head-streams traverse almost every part of it, the waters falling into the Chaudirre, and those com- municating with Lake Etchemin. This township is in general a level, flat country, and in this re- spect entirely diiTering from those adjacent. Warwick, township, in the co. of Drummond, is bounded n. e. by Arthabaska ; s. w. by King- sey; 8. B. by Tingwick. — A poor and rather sterile tract, and, excepting the first three ranges, is almost useless, being rough, broken and swampy, —defying all the art and labour of industry. — It is thickly covered with spruce and hemlock. — In the spring it is deeply overflown by several brunches of the R. Nicolet. The s. b. half has been subdivided and granted to various persons. — Ungranted and unlocated, 8,751 acres. Washer, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded n. b. by Wakefield, and s. b. by Eardley. Watford, township, in the co. of Beauce, lies in the rear of Aubert de L'Isle, and a, b. of Cran- boume. It is watered by branches of the r. La Famine. Wbkdon, township, in the co. of Sherbrouke, is bounded n. k. by Garthby ; a. w. by Dudswell; and lies between Ham and Lingwick. — Ungranted and unlocfiied, ,32,700 acres. Wembrook, river, in the 8. w. angle of the co. of Bonavcnturc. One of the sources of the n. Ri.stigouche. Wkndovkh, township, in the co. of Drum- mond, is bounded N. r. by the main branch of the H. Niciilct ; B. H . by the R. St. Francis ; 8. e. by Simpson ; N. w. by Courval, and the augment, to Nicolet. The quality of this tract cannot be highly ])ruiHed : the land near the r. St. Francis is the l)c'8t iind will admit of cultiviiti-m ; but a short distance thence it sinks into low deep swamps, where the soil is chiefly yt'lh)w sand and gr.ivel ; these extend nearly as far iiack as the rear lH)undary, and arc overflowed in the Hpring. On tlio driest situations the Mmber is muplc, birch, Injeih and pine ; in the swamps, hemlock, ike. — Watered by two brunches of the Ninilct and some other streams and traversed by two roads, one along the St. Francis, and another towards the Nicolet, called Bureau's road and leading to Shipton. — I'ngrantcd and unlocated, 11,057 acres. Statutics. Population . 45 Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat OaU Horses Oxen Dutheli. . 46U . 380 Buiheli. I Biuhelf. Potatoes 1,144) Rye . 15 Peas . lul Indian com 190 Live Stock. ]0| Cows 191 Sheep 36 1 Swine 90| 4A Wentworth, township, in the co. of Two Mountains, is bounded N. e. by Chatham Gore ; 8. w. and in the rear by waste lands ; in front by Chatham. The greater part is mountainous and rocky, very inapplicable to arable purposes ; but on the first three ranges, the land is found to be of a tolerably good quality, but no part of it is settled upon. Although there are no very strong inducements to attempt cultivation, this township produces most excellent timber for naval purposes, in great abundance, with the advantage of easy conveyance by the Riviere du Nord or North River, by which it is watered and by several other Btrsams and some small lakes. — Ungranted and un- located, 32,200 acres. Westbury, t. in the co. of Sherbrooke, very small and of a triangular figure, containing no more than 12,262 acres, exclusive of the propor- tionate reserves, and lying between Stoke, Eaton, Dudswell and Bury. It was granted in 1804, to the late Hon. Henry Caldwell, receiver-general of Lower Canada, and is now possessed by his ■on. Sir John Caldwell. — The w. side is favour* able to the encouragement of agriculture in most of its branches ; but the e. side is much inferior, being rough, uneven and swampy. The timber, partaking of the quality of the land, consists, on the first part, of very good beech, maple, pine and bird , inferior kinds only are pro sidcrable note fall into thnt river. A few settlers on the river side have got their farms into a very resiMjctable state. — The population docs not ex- ceed 00, l)ut its good situation is likely to increase the number. W I c W I N 4d Slatiitict. Population . 56 | Cwn-mills . 1 | Saw-milla Annual Agricultural Produce. Wheat Oats Barley ButhcU. . 9f)7 . 76() 19 Bathelt. Potatoes . 763 Peas . 800 Biuheli. Rye . 50 Indian corn 860 Live Slock. Horses Uxen 38 41 Cows , 55 Sheep . l-^O Swine , 55 Wk8t Rivkr, runs through part of the t. of Chntham, and leaving it between lots 6 and 11 of the 7tl» range, enters the S. of Argenteuil and empties itself into North River, about 3 arpents above Chute Mills. About 4 miles from its con- fluence it is divided into 4 branches, where the navigation is impeded by rapids and small cata- racts ; it takes its rise in lakes in the townships in the rear of Chatham ; its average breadth is 120 ft. The fishing in this R. is not much attended to, although some trout, bass, carp, &c. are caught. Wexford, a projected township in the co. of Lachenaye, is bounded n. k. by Chertsey ; a. e. by Kilkenny ; in the rear by waste lands. Whatham, a projected township in the co. of Ottawa, is bounded k. by Alansfield ; w. by Chi- chester ; in the rear by waste lauds ; in front by Lake Coulange, an expansion of the Ottawa. The riv». Coulange waters the 6. e. angle and near its nouth is Fort Coulange. Whitton, a projected township in the co. of Sherbrooke, lies between Adstock, Stratford and Gayhurst. WlATSHUAN (R.), V. OuiATCHOUAN. WicKHAM, in tho CO. of Drummond, lies t)c- tween Grantham and Durham, and is bounded in tlic rear by Acton ; in front by the r. St. Francis. The land is generally level, but the interior and rear are so swampy and thickly covered with cedar, spruce fir, and hemlock, as to be little ca- pable of being converted to any agricultural pur- pose. Near the river, and also towards the town - ships of Grantham and Dunham, the land is more elevated, considerably l)ctter in quality, and might soon be made fit for the prodiii'tion of most sorts of grain and useful for other farming purjwses. The timber generally consists of oak, pine, maple, and Iwech, each of g'XHl dimensions, and along the St. Fnncis there are much pine and spruce with some elm and oak. — In the interior there are but a few very small rivulets ; but it has the advan- tage of being traversed in front by a very beauti- ful and serpentine course of the St. Francis that aS rds complete irrigation to the best lands. — 23,786 acres have been granted to Mr. William Lindsay and others. On the bonk of the St. Francis the soil produces good crops of Indian com, and the rear ranges, though generally low, are tit for the growth of wheat, hemp, and [lar- ticularly flax. — The high road leads through this T. and the mail passes once a week from 'juebec to Boston. — The principal proprietors are the heirs of the late William Lindsay, collector of St. John's, and Col. Hcriot; the former have a large farm and house at Long Point — This t. lies in the p. of Drummondville. — Ungranled and unlocaled, 7326 acres. Statistics. Population 256 | (;orn. mills . 1 | Saw-mills . I Wheat Uats Horses Oxen Ann.,jl Agricultural Produce. Buaheli. BuihelM. . IIIHI Rarley . IbO . ITtK) Potatoes 5500 Buihclt. Peas . ;«) Indian corn I OHO Live Stock; low I Cows I.'i5 I Sheep 2.-15 I Swine 295 205 William Hknrv, v, Sorkl, S. William's-Town, i>. Bkauharnois, S. WiNDioo, river, runs into the R. St. Maurice from the n. e., about 4 miles above the Grand Detour. WiNPBOR, township, in the co. of Sherbrooke, lies between Shiplon and Stoke, and is liounded N. B. by WottoM ; 8. w. by the r. St. Francis. This is a tine truct of land, the soil excellent and so happily varied that almost every kind of agri- cultural proigh which it passes. Its average width is about -100 feet. Yamaska, seigniory, in the co. of Yamaska, is lK)iinded n. k. by St. Fruiiijois ; h. w. I>y Sorcl and Bonsecours ; in the rear by Bourgmarie East ; in front by Luke St. Peter. This i)roporty is de- scribed in tlic title to be only about bull" a league in front, but in reality it is 1 >, league t)y .M leagues in depth. Granted, Sept. 24, KUtJ, to M. de Liivulii re and is now the pnifierty of J. M. de Tonn'uuour, Esq. — Cultivation of a favourable de- Y A M A 8 K A. 4j- 1 >! 1 : icriptioa extends orer neafly one half of the sei* gniory ; the different conceauou, Imrge und mudl, ■mount to upwards of 160, lying on each side of the River Yaniaska, by the Petit Chenail, and in the Cdtes St. Louis and Ste. Catherine. The Bay of La Valliere or Yamaska, extends across the upper part of it into Sorel, and that of St. Francois makes rather a deep incision on its eastern side ; immediately surrounding these hays the land is low and marshy, but a short distance from them are many large tracts of most excellent meadow ; farther to the rear the soil is rich and very pro- ductive, consisting of good yellow loam and a fine clay intermixed with light earth, affording much good arable land and some spots well adapted to the cultivation of flax and hemp. The front is moderately well furnished with timber of a mid- dling and inferior quality, as white fir, spruce fir, hemlock, &c. ; but on the drier grounds in the rear some of a ' ii 1 lieues de protondeur, 4 eommenror iin I'entr^c de Ih riviOre des SavHiines (Vnmiiika.)" — Rrgi$tre dei Foi et llommage. No. 45, filio 197, 3m< Fivrier, 1781. — Ca- hieri d'/itlendance, 2 d i), folio 143. THK KND. LONDON: I'lllNTKII IIV THOMAS HAVISUN, WIIITEFIIIAR!!. \\