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 (From the Canadldii Nahinilisf, Vol. IX. No. (i.) 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 HITTITES IN AMERK^A. 
 
 Ilv .loii.N rA.\ii'i;i:i,i„ .M.A. 
 Profo-s^ur in die I'rosljytuiiiin CnlleKe, .Mdiitrofil. 
 
 Ill a paper ivcoiitly iv.-id bdnic the ('aii-idiaii Institute I .<i't 
 i'ortli tlie radical unity of the P.Tuviaii vocabulary with that oi 
 the Iroquois. This well known North American I'amily niioht 
 naturally be expected to eonneer with tlie Bai^ques, since the 
 Huron uod Tawiscara and the tribi- of the Tuscaroras piuserve 
 the Euskara name.'- The i'ollowinji' table shews how valuable 
 an adjunct to ethnol.ioical ; <earch mytholo^iiical and tribal uau-es 
 are, and how o;reat is tlie \. ality of words even under what are 
 U'enerally supposed to be the most unl'avourable conditions. 
 Judged by the vocabulary, tliere are 'iK^v^ la nuuau'es which exhibit 
 relationship more perfectly than those widely separated tongues, 
 the B.isque and the Irotjuois ; and it must be remembered that 
 their gr;numatical systems, while not agreeing in all points, are 
 far from di.^^cordant, as lii's been proved by that distinu'uished 
 Basque aud Oriental scholar, M. Julien Vinson of Bayonue. 
 
 BaSQUH. \VVAXD()T-lR()(ieoiS. 
 
 ;ill ^'iiciii .-iKwegdiish Mnlmwk. 
 
 ba.<ket otarni atero Ii-oiimhI^. 
 
 below Ijohurni kiini '■ 
 
 biril ehdriii gJtriohii " 
 
 blue iinlinH liniiinhiiiheii /. 
 
 brother annya li.ienynha H>(/)./o/. 
 
 f li'iKl edoya odsaiiah M. 
 
 *Tlif iiernianencf among- uucivilizfd pcopk-s (if tribal aud even oi 
 personal uaiiie.s is u doctrine that ]la^ not reec-ived the support wliiih 
 the evidence in its favour demands. It is well illustrated aniou.u' tln' 
 Hurous, as I huvu learned from •• Historiciil Notes on thi; Environs of 
 Quebec," written liy my esteemed colleague. .). M. LeJIoine, Ek(j. 
 Blany distinguished cliiefs of the I.orctte Hurous. from the time when 
 Europeans lir.st became aequalnted with them, liave l)orne the nam,- 
 Atshstavi or Ahatsistari, tlivfearlci^H mnn : and at the jnesent dav it is 
 the Indian title of M. A. N. Jlontpetit, an honorary chief of the 
 nation. This Ahatsistari is undoubtedly the Hasisadra of the Aeead- 
 ians, the Ashtar of the Khita, and the Haitor of the r>asqucs. The 
 Hittite proper name Ahashtari, whi<li is that of the brother of Zoiiar, 
 father of Ephron, who sold JIachpilali to Abraham, is almost identical 
 in form with tlie Huron Ahatsistari of to-da\. 
 
C'lllJ litZil 
 
 conic etorri 
 
 I'uiiiier iiiiMiiJa 
 
 ilay cgiinii 
 
 ilojr (jfii 
 
 I'hiK'iiri'M 
 ilrink L'dnii 
 
 IMld (indn;! 
 
 liU.-e iiusiiuia 
 
 lather aita 
 
 tipht fiiula 
 
 lire ."ii 
 
 ;>h anaina. 
 
 fle.-li ii(iii(,'lii 
 
 I'lud ijiinia. 
 
 girl l)atsiiya 
 
 good oBUii 
 
 hair iilea 
 
 hand e.--ciia 
 
 head buriia 
 
 hear aditii 
 
 heart bidtza 
 
 heaven cenia 
 
 hot beroa 
 
 husband senarra 
 
 kill il 
 
 leaf orria 
 
 aiake eKiiiii 
 
 man sizun 
 
 UKion illarKuia 
 
 mother aina 
 
 Tuoiintaiu metidia 
 
 nail itzea 
 
 name icena 
 
 night gau 
 
 no ez 
 
 lain eiiria, 
 
 halt patza 
 
 (>ce ikhiiiJ 
 
 ?hoe os'iuea 
 
 sister aizta 
 
 finall tiiiia 
 
 snow eiurra 
 
 speak edas 
 
 stone arri 
 
 sun iguski 
 
 ihizki 
 
 tail atzequia 
 
 thunder curciria 
 
 tongue inina 
 
 tooth hortz 
 
 tree areeha 
 
 white ciuuia 
 
 wind egoa 
 
 aiza 
 
 woman emakumo 
 
 wood egurra, zura 
 
 \V YAM1IIT-Inni;i:(iIS. 
 
 ot(JX(.' < ht'indilijii. 
 
 knro ,1/. 
 
 rawist /. (metiih 
 eghni.sera M, 
 erhar " 
 
 (dieer Xnttuvnii. 
 uttiinote Sfiiffii. 
 eiit.is /. 
 
 iiokah.-ah Tii-^'i/riirti, 
 atii 
 
 kediuioch /. 
 sce.-tii W. 
 runjiiih '/'. 
 Wiiililhloii (hii'uJa. 
 kakh A 
 
 jawc'ct?eutho \V. 
 oDgenerle M. 
 ariifhia W. 
 .shako M. 
 
 anuwara Oioiii/niid. 
 hagatonde /. 
 youtoo.-haw IV'. 
 oiighiiihyai T. 
 oturahaute W. 
 teiiknoodenjo M. 
 kerios /. 
 curata ir. 
 gonu'aha /. 
 aiiuehun //ni/ic/dnn. 
 kchuKiuaw M. 
 ena T- 
 onontah W. 
 ohetta 
 ehiima /. 
 asohe CtniHiin. 
 gwuss T. 
 wara " 
 hoti^liiketa /. 
 wahikoa M. 
 ohtaliquah M. 
 auchtchee 7'. akzia /. 
 diwatsa 7'. 
 ogera Ouoiidni/o. 
 atakea W. 
 ariosta •' 
 kachiiuaw .V. 
 
 garach<iua (}n<indii<ii), kclanquaw M. 
 otahsa /. 
 kawseras - 
 wennasa " 
 honozzia " 
 oughruheh 7'. 
 kearagea M. 
 gao /. 
 izuquas ^V^i 
 yonkwe M. 
 kara /. (forest), geree N. (tree) 
 
As the Eusk;.ni thus maiiifL'st their relationship with the Tiis- 
 caroras and the Wyandot devotees of Tawiscara, so the Seepoh- 
 skah and otlier Dacotah tribes give unmistakable evidence ol' a 
 eonimon ori!:-iii with the Hthapsuch and other ineinbers ol' the 
 Circiissiau family. Althou-h 1 cannot find that the Circassians 
 make use of any words denotin,-;' relation, either as pre po.-^it ions 
 or postpositions, in all otlier respects their grammar agrees with, 
 that iii' the Daeotaiis and Irn(|U()iv The pn.iuiuiis. whether in 
 their lull or construct ,s|,ite. arc prefixed, as the adjective seems 
 to be. The yenitive is formed by pretixinii' the noun possessor 
 to the object ; the accusative precedes its li'overninu' verb; and the 
 order of tlic verb is pronoun, verbal root and temporal index. 
 This i.s thoroujihly Japanese or IVninsuKir, and thus the order 
 of the American languages I have associated with the Peninsular 
 family. 
 
 ClIfOASSIA.N. Dacdtah. 
 
 "" eeziihk hoi.iilicii.-.-io ('i,.s„r,J,;i. 
 
 ■■iriii ell ishto Ihicnhih. 
 
 ^•"' bzMKlijy pc-hiii 0*'/.'/<-. 
 
 boljznslioy kubbcck ('. 
 
 benrd tihagliii e.xhae.shii •> 
 
 t>elly neubey ikpi />. 
 
 •^'•"^k shoodziih ihoUvAx Wiin,nlj,i!i„. 
 
 ^5l"0cl kloh cohree MincUira. 
 
 blue skbiiiituy .shuahoat P. 
 
 I'Kne kiit.^ihii hid,, lluhttsn. 
 
 'J^'y- -^0" f"""! i'liiiKha shinzoshinsii Oninh,,. 
 
 '"■eiiil tshakhu lii>bhazzsa T. 
 
 chief I>sliee bett.^hettdu '• 
 
 clothes .'hoogliooii sheena />. 
 
 f'oii'l washabshey aimhi //. mahi>iya I). 
 
 eolil tt-lieeyeh tasaka " 
 
 come kabkooyeh kuwa " 
 
 corn beinshesh wainiinuyzah *' 
 
 (■lark inezalisho pasa '■ 
 
 d'ly inahijey malipaili .)//„. hainpnh ,sW/„.l,,bfh. 
 
 deatli, die hadoyghd, tla}.'h:i t.«be //. tha />. 
 
 do, make tshah, sogha kagha 
 
 tlrink yeshwey yatkang " 
 
 eagle bzoooosh iphoki //. 
 
 eat teshesht duti " 
 
 enemy yedzeeshu toka />. 
 
 evening tshaha tas.setuo '• 
 
 i'ace ihtshooz estali ,S'. 
 
 father yati, taht ato /). dadai (/m. 
 
 ''n^er ei'khab napchoopai )aii/,io,i. 
 
 ebkhad napsukazu /J. buschie f. 
 
 tire mahzwa niidahe //. 
 
 fish bbzheh poh X. 
 
 five tpoy zapetah iK 
 
 flesh ley arookka U. 
 
 fruit shaghah waskuyeca />. 
 
CriirAHsiA.v. DACdTAii. 
 
 "ii'l — -iiuliM/. siibmihi S. 
 
 « yiiBii zii />. 
 
 >-'<""l ^()U.V-.Vell -llllSU X. 
 
 cllO(»l(;t Wll.-!lt:iy /). 
 
 i-'i'i-'iit ii.-(io(lot ictiii //. 
 
 •'"'I ycohz wiihiioo />. 
 
 •'•'""1 '>y« sh. > Hill 1,1. (nikii ,V. 
 
 hciivon vijUjCoy .iimlii //. 
 
 Iifiivy zjinli'i tckiiy /). 
 
 hoiiso liMilslK'usliisli tsiiu /.//r„„, oliouhiih W. 
 
 1«'" ooikkey uiiiuiiiotah />. 
 
 l<"if"o .■'noneo eusiihtiK 
 
 l''t^ thl:ikiiii;i .-iiu'iitiBh 
 
 '''''-• 'i^'e niv.-li ii,;o iniiic .|.v../////,o/;«'. 
 
 '"^'« .-id.-lui/, kiilo.-lii //. 
 
 "'<"'" iiiiii.tlui iiiiuiiiitiiti'lic (T. 
 
 iiit.ther yiii] inii />. 
 
 iii"iii'tain iiiiiyzeu iii:ih|)i. ['. 
 
 "";"th --^iiuy jiihiiii V""/'/'". 
 
 ""'1 f;<>i.tsli(jii!.'li(ion .-liiikii haiifih Ov. 
 
 inline t.-iih iln/.i //. 
 
 '"^^'el neezabtsoo itadelipii //. cekpa. />. 
 
 iin'jk t'ddue tiihoo /A 
 
 PiUJoiiu'y paliec O/x. 
 
 nife'ht tohaytshoe htuyctii />. 
 
 ""*"'« I'ev |.a /. i.ahoo.V. 
 
 '■"in kcy.-hoh hkaluxish '• 
 
 '■"^1 ilooshou i.^hf^huu .lA(/i. 
 
 i'n-ar. psu iias.-ahah .V. 
 
 kudatrhiiiis wakpa /). 
 
 'Oiid oclK.proo ciintikn J). 
 
 "hoe iiabcMi-h ,n,„li Mh,. huoinpali ,V. 
 
 siistor tshuoyakh itakii //. 
 
 '^kii' *heli cokii />. 
 
 ""I'lll lidiiKlioozoy ^va^hokaIl Ot. 
 
 tsuoKiMxlet tjick ecat I', t-iolieostiti D. 
 
 •"HOW wiioaliseo waliluih W. 
 
 weyfsce inahpai Min. Cdiicaze S. 
 
 *^l"i''l< .-bai-diey bedow 6'. obraka Os. 
 
 "till" oiishaslio likake .v. 
 
 *'f"no imishey n> ;--oo .l///(. imniza IJ. 
 
 'Strung peotay bat>at.s T. 
 
 ti'ee f'lah beerai>!i.'litoet Min. 
 
 wash ahfihce slieeliuf ht yuzaza /). 
 
 water p^cv |)asjiah .V. 
 
 wit'c yeosluihz tnweotshoo />. 
 
 wodd pkha pazii /). 
 
 yellow oglii oshi ,=eliah Ov. 
 
 By similar vocabularies the relation of the Cherokee-Choctaw, 
 Muypca and Cliilcno languages to tlie Basque and Circassian 
 might easily be established; but, as in ;. previous article I con- 
 nected these and kindred tongues with the Peninsular family of 
 Asia, it will simplify matters to make this family the basis of 
 comparison. In the following table accordingly. I have com- 
 
5 
 
 jiarcd Ji limited luunlM'r (if words, Ja|iiUK'So, Loo-Cliuo, Koriak- 
 Tclmktohi. Aiiio, Corcau mid Kaiiitcliatdale, with oorrcspoudini^ 
 luruis in tin; Accad, Bascjuc and (Circassian. Tho i:rfimniar of 
 tlio Circassian, wlucli, lyinu mi the line of Kliita luiyvation, 
 should ropreM'iit t-iio Khiipu.skian in its purest lorni. is virtnully 
 that of the Japanese and its allied lanjiuages. 
 
 riNINSn.AU. AeeAK. llASl^U^; ii CiROASSlAX. 
 
 ii" <iii\vli(il<(i f,n„ t\, iaaiu. tMuv^i) .Inii. kiik .1. ijiu'ia B. eozulik C 
 
 'IXC ina.-iikiii'i .Ar/»(»t<w. Imi/.iMVii //. 
 
 !il">vc WL'o /, ahpsee ('. 
 
 I|ri!01jl|ilisll sllitot'.' ./. sit. .1 
 
 '""< wii.-ii A. liziiBhcy C. 
 
 n-'liiki ./. sii A. giiiztoii /;. 
 
 t>i'skL't rocnici A. /ani ./. utiirra //• /area II. 
 
 '•iti-'o ■/. sil<iiui:i /.'. 
 
 boiir ]i;\<\y Kiiiiilrlnilhn .-ilkll.l. 
 
 •witrd kkoiikiit " iiiw ./. slia^.'lia r. 
 
 bciiiitit'u: iit-'ikiishii .A aulisliny r. 
 
 bed I'lioelia A. A\ii It. 
 
 bee init-iii-hai'hi -A l).<!uiy T. 
 
 boCtiro k(iiiiii;it K<i. liab .1. 
 
 behind atmii ./. nztoiiii II. 
 
 belly stabara,.A -abulia />'. 
 
 nam Korlak ni!<;boy C 
 
 below Stella A. sliita-ni -A utii. cit .1. ayshay V. 
 
 •iiiini ./. bill ^1. beherra U. 
 
 bird tnii " clioria 11. 
 
 black uiiine •(dark) mi .1. 
 
 bliiod aiika '/V//,(/,7t7((', chi A. ./. iis •• 
 
 b(ait tenimii ./, ma •' 
 
 liiini A. penzy A/isit. untzia I!. 
 
 '•aliani .l/'/io. eajak T. tiahii. khassoy (\ 
 
 b'Hly wiitta A. (belly) wetshou?, 
 
 bone kiitsi •• kutsha 
 
 blink somots./. slieemoiitzuo //. siimiik, saiiiak .1. 
 
 b'JW yiinii A. .A bam .1. L'ubia /y. 
 
 ►'oy warrM))e(! A. kdzd, shuiii .A biru •• saztea. -emo B. 
 
 bread . ciiia»heu •• oqiiia /i. 
 
 shokiiinotf^u •/. tsihakliii (\ 
 
 brisht snycni .1. -ar .1. 
 
 brother ani •• anaya li. 
 
 i'ki T. L-u;- .1. 
 
 kt.-liidzshi K<i. i.'-tzshe ('. 
 
 builder d;iikii •/. ihik .1. (build) 
 
 burn akk.i A. yakii .A L.-i 
 
 captain kashira .A ^'1m7,;i,' 
 
 centre mani •• (uiivle) miir •• 
 
 change kiiyoni '• km- ■■ 
 
 child warraboe. X. shoni .A aiirra A*. <oina //. 
 
 chin ootiKiffa A. otORai " dshii P. 
 
 clothes ehouksa Cortn. ishd •• sie .1. j;i;n'i A*, shooshoun ('. 
 
 ehoongay C. sonucoa Ji. 
 
 cloud ktiino .A gan .1. 
 
 cold feeda^ha A. otza //. tsheeyetsha C. 
 
 come itari, kitiiru .A etorri U. 
 
R 
 
 l'i:xi.vHt;i,Ai!. 
 
 ke'i'iiisitcli A'". 
 •••'iiiitry iimka, k<iiiiii ./. 
 
 iiwhleu /,. !iL'iii|ii ./. 
 
 <'i'<|*vn kMiiitmiii, zctdid " 
 
 "lark k"iini .1. (Iihicki 
 
 llilWII Ilki'lidllo ./. 
 
 «lny (Idli Kii.ih. 
 
 Kiiuniik '/'. 
 
 iIlmuoii :ik'i:iia ./. 
 
 ilescenil kn.liini •• 
 
 •icsire !i(i/j'iiiii •■ 
 
 (lie, (loath aiiiitf A. 
 
 t..k..k T. 
 
 • ii^ licjirii ./. 
 
 • ((-'Up I'l kai •• 
 
 • livitlo w.'iri 
 
 • luB kc.-si K". 
 
 (loiT kil'lo ./. 
 
 to '• 
 
 (Iroi. tarashi ./. 
 
 car Qiii C. 
 
 fiirtli luina '/'. 
 
 duro /-. lidknri ,/. (dii.s 
 ttiiti (\ 
 
 oaft lii^jii.<lii ./. 
 
 t-'uf kMiiioiiiiK A. hnmii ./. 
 
 k'l ./. 
 
 c'j?^ kiiyii A. 
 
 flbiiw ociinleo lii^ii (ariiij. 
 
 enclo.'siire kiikuini ./. 
 
 end Iiato 
 
 yiikii L. 
 
 fiH'O skiia A. ttiiu'ii .1. 
 
 (ivi.iagli K<i. kao •■ 
 
 father atta 7'. teti 
 
 fall taore.A 
 
 taw.-hoong A. 
 light, battle. ...iknsa J. 
 
 fill akii •' 
 
 f'nscr j'ubi '• askiiipi I. 
 
 jikdida A'". 
 
 fire aimak '/'. 
 
 hi. yoke .1. 
 
 firmament sora '• 
 
 fi?h ••■ sakkana " 
 
 ikahlik, .'^s'al.juk '/'. 
 kara.-aoki -1. 
 et:<h()o A'". 
 
 floifh shi.slii A. 
 
 thaltal A'.'. 
 
 foot assi .A 
 
 .'hanna L. 
 
 forehead .muki .1. 
 
 forest hayashi '• 
 
 fortress siro " 
 
 toride " 
 
 eegooscoo, gootieeeoo A. 
 fortunate saiwai ■!. 
 
 AccAit, lJA.S(;ir I ('uir*s.s;AS. 
 kaiikooyt'h r. 
 /an .1. iiiiua li. 
 
 Ill) .1. Zl'I'I'Ct '' 
 
 mir, ..iakkad .1. 
 I'll II ,1. 
 kiicii,<o r. 
 iitii .1. 
 
 euima II. 
 \:\'i\»\ .1. 
 til, tiiri ■• 
 .-(.'111 
 kliaii 
 
 liadoyKiio I'. 
 ('li;;ar .1. 
 ko(.k C. 
 bai.l. 
 khali r. 
 vn A. 
 
 iltOil II. t-iiov ','. 
 tal .1. 
 raKll " 
 Ilia " 
 t) /ii'iiia /I. Iiirr.'i II. 
 yattc ('. 
 hali.-lioy r. 
 jail II. 
 cu, kill .1. 
 kangiicy (\ 
 lU'ondoa //. 
 gagunii ,1. 
 sjiulii " 
 oi.sh ('. 
 m .1. 
 
 caca '■ au.<(|iii:: ','. 
 ad •' aita //. taht ' '. 
 eror It. 
 yedec.-lio ('. 
 gii A. ijiida II. 
 sig " 
 
 ct'khab t\ 
 ebkhail •• 
 ne A. 
 m It. 
 gir A. 
 khan •• 
 hal '• 
 araga It. 
 zeyshec, tzey (I 
 
 l\7.U A. 
 
 jiili 6'. giicli.i It. 
 
 iiiSA A . 
 
 ona li. 
 
 becoqiiia II. 
 ba.soa '• 
 car A. 
 durtid " 
 gi.-'gal •• 
 sa ■' 
 
i 
 
 s;an. 
 
 PlXtNSl |,Alt. 
 
 r"wi iv.tii A. 
 
 K'lnloi) jioiio./. 
 
 t'iil tn.'kki A. 
 
 unuuii ■• niyiwhi ■/. 
 
 u>'i|i('.! K'l, 
 
 civo vviit.isii ./. 
 
 Khny. hniiijiro" 
 
 t!" kuiik'i'liiiim A. 
 
 yiikn ./. 
 
 Boat jiitri •• 
 
 K'kI jobisii " 
 
 hiitk.i Ki. Iidtoko ./. 
 
 iiiitixk N'l. 
 K'''hI jukk.i ./. 
 
 hut, I I'. 
 
 POOSO K'K.-ho./. 
 
 Kra!*" 'ii,<SM A. kiisii 7. 
 
 urcMt wotv*.! A. hiikntiii ./. 
 
 Kreon ^uu j, 
 
 Ki'"'"nil tsti.'lii. t-ii.'hil)(!(ii -A 
 
 'I'lir kiicHimiy A'-. 
 
 mi.i.tk 7'. 
 
 hand ki A. 
 
 to ./. 
 -ott'Mj A'". 
 
 IianI k:itiii ./. kiliisliii .1. 
 
 have ta 
 
 head ku.sliko T. s.iki ./. 
 
 tiihu.-ii K<i. (Izii " 
 
 honr ?iti'lii<(iii!; A. 
 
 heaven.. ...... .ohenvoi A'-/, s.ir.i, .A 
 
 liero iroketsii ./. 
 
 hit'h kioiins;, Ku. 
 
 tiik.'i.-.i. tone ./. 
 in,l. 
 
 h"kl tiunotsu ./. 
 
 hole anriii " 
 
 horn kiiku 
 
 hot ati'hoei'iio A. karai J. 
 
 home tiikii J. 
 
 katehi A. iichi ./. 
 
 hunger hidaru ./. 
 
 in.«oot.« sudakii " 
 
 irtai t'lirocanni " 
 
 •iiiat.^lioii A'", tetsii ,). 
 
 knife sisru A. 
 
 know shira J. 
 
 learn kiekii .A 
 
 leave utuhani. lulzurii .A 
 
 life, live inonhi 
 
 lift ajreni 
 
 light fuorod A. kariii •• 
 
 lightning inai/.uniii, hikiiri " 
 
 lip kkovan Ku. ku-hihini .A 
 
 low kariii, sagarii ■/. (luwoi) 
 
 make suru " 
 
 man elm A. quaskoo Ki, 
 
 aino /!• nin. -A 
 hito, otoku '' 
 guru Kii. 
 
 \fa.\!i, ilAMijn: u Cii.pa.ssian. 
 katt'.'y I'. 
 uima I. 
 tiirrak " 
 rioHca //. 
 •jilfha/. ('. 
 yotteii '• 
 irniKir .t. 
 .ioani' //. 
 jai!" (\ 
 -ikka .1. 
 Iiul)i^eua. "• iikhali (', 
 duk •• tkha •• 
 
 uieMti.'ii.a '', 
 
 khiga .1. I'LTiin //, .■:niiy»yoz f. 
 .■^hoddet ('. 
 ka/, 
 sizi .1. 
 i.alisli ('. 
 .«ik .1. 
 
 I'iiMI '• Z<!|>|iet f. 
 
 .shatzoh r. 
 
 muz .1. 
 
 su " e.«oiia //. ia, oyg (.'. 
 
 id 
 
 khid •• 
 
 keytuM n. shal'.; r. 
 
 <U\ A. 
 
 .•<ak •• 
 
 tshkha I'. 
 
 aditii //. 
 
 kharra .1. i'(;riia A'. 
 
 giidhu •• 
 
 ou 
 
 atladiagh ('. 
 an .1. 
 tab •• 
 
 oghan '■', 
 .<ak .1. 
 
 iir '• hero.) A'. 
 ziku •• 
 
 eti.'he /;. htidshoe-^hish C 
 sugar .1. 
 .•^adugucunii ,1. 
 hiirnia, burdina /<. 
 ghwot.-ihey C 
 soozee •' 
 
 ru .1. 
 
 zu .1. iKasi n. ghasja (\ 
 f-'.idat i-''iiru A. 
 niv.^li '•. 
 Hur .1. 
 
 bir '• argiiia li. 
 onaztea. iyurguria B. 
 okonl'aree f\ 
 ear, zicura .1. 
 gar A. 
 
 ka " guizua li. 
 nen, un .1. 
 nit, nitakh " 
 khairu " 
 
8 
 
 I'MMNSir.Ail 
 
 "K'liJ-iin! -hiikii, hnkrri. Ii.h1(,,/. 
 
 iniildic I'hiiiliiii •' 
 
 milk chou I., cliii'lii ■' 
 
 iiiiKuliiut' jiku >• 
 
 "lonth wiutii A. wr.-n •' 
 
 lll'Mlll MIIIII((Ct,1. 
 
 inorninK ku-ii 
 
 iiKitlior iiiiiijiji /<. 
 
 iiHiiiiitiiiri aiil Kn. 
 
 i>i""tli kii/liii A',', ku 'lii ./. 
 
 •ifi'i. r. 
 
 inllcll (|;||<c ./. 
 
 niiil tliiimiici' A. 
 
 kmiiin A'fi. 
 iiMiiiu inci ./. 
 
 ll.UUllrll A'". 
 
 tiiivel tcMi ./. 
 
 iii'ck kiihi /,. kw.'ihi ./, 
 
 Iiitlu Kii. 
 
 news tiiyuri .1, 
 
 no iiy /. III! ./. 
 
 i.-ki AC. (IzM •• 
 
 (iiluiir kii 
 
 •'111 tii^'sijori. riiriii .1. 
 
 tisliiii A. 
 
 "||0ii nkn. hiis.-it .1. 
 
 paint iru A. 
 
 pus.-!, tllrUU(.'ll . .tnlli .,'. 
 
 I'liicu .■^k.itii A. Ij;i>||(i ./. 
 
 I'liiirdut k'lbii.sii .1. 
 
 r'lit okii 
 
 ruin unie 
 
 nuiitsL'liuk 7'. 
 
 t^liiikiitsliiMi A'«. 
 
 '•••lisc iiKliu .1. 
 
 veeil iize •• 
 
 retl akiisMi A. iik.ii •/. 
 
 rii^o Dkiiii .). 
 
 rivor wejim A'-. knwii.J. 
 
 f^alt :^lli(lJ. 
 
 t^ea iiini •• 
 
 I'dshlio /,. )<;ii J. 
 
 i-oo fiiiiit.-liriiiikctsh K<i. 
 
 ."OOd |li;.'h A. 
 
 s'eize t.-^ukaiiui .). 
 
 servant iri A. kerai J. 
 
 fhino terasa J. 
 
 ■'^lice kwutsa" 
 
 saljofk L. 
 
 tihoulder tanutar A'". 
 
 sickness Iioturi J. 
 
 silk Kinno " 
 
 sister zia .1. 
 
 sit zanuru J. 
 
 s*^'" I<a A. kooogii;A'».fkawaJ. 
 
 small kiisa A. chii.=ai J. 
 
 L'kitachtii T. 
 
 f*l>eak nionoju A 
 
 stand tatsi J. 
 
 AicAii, IIasciI'k ii Cn!('\«isuN 
 «a. kha. tfiir. id .1. t-'.-hoKhii '". 
 uiiatj'i I. 
 A\\\\\ r. 
 KII .1, 
 itii. idii .1. 
 liiaatlio i\ 
 «ui/,a //. 
 
 nen .1. nnir //. yan i\ 
 fa! •• 
 
 ka ■' -hoy I'. 
 |ia •' aiilta /.' 
 dUKll '■ 
 
 fal»in " 
 
 K<>(it.>h(i(iKll<iii|i /', 
 
 nni .1. 
 (sail I', 
 
 MLM.'llill.'iil i\ 
 
 Kubiiiii li, 
 
 Oildue >'. 
 
 ricid .1. 
 
 nil 
 
 ez It. 
 
 'inea //. 
 
 zana. lahaiia It. 
 
 zey I'. 
 
 M^Aw.y (\ 
 
 l.ir J. 
 
 tal 
 
 klia^li •■ 
 •-'am 
 
 I'll, kit •• 
 anil " 
 
 inofsi It. 
 
 koyslioli l\ 
 jaike It. {ii>cj -m-a .1. 
 sa .1. 
 Kii.-ci " 
 kliir •• 
 ibaya It. 
 >li()iiK(.o r', 
 al> .1. 
 
 ii'iiasoa It. -linn l\ 
 ikiiii.-i 
 
 niey.«iiey < '. 
 sukh .1. 
 eri •• irliar r, 
 zir 
 
 ct^iiiica It. 
 |iah(Hisili I'. 
 taliineh " 
 tuia .1. 
 ilaiiuu i '. 
 
 aizpa, aizta It. tsiieeyakh 0. 
 
 e.seri II. 
 
 slm.A. shell ('. 
 
 guclii It, 
 
 Kiiti '• tsecKoodot V. 
 
 niintzd '• 
 
 ziitie •• 
 

 
 t.SIAN. 
 
 V. 
 
 Pi'XINSI't.All. 
 
 gtnnn, rook l«hi I., uiyucli v. 
 
 strulKlit inriii, sii«iini ■). 
 
 Htriko tiitaku 
 
 stninK cliie'iirii. .-liikkuri J. 
 
 ■■■trcrmtli riki. yiiriki " 
 
 sun tMii A. tiyo 
 
 •ii'iiifHh A',<. Iiiziishi J 
 
 t'Weiit lU'kkii'li.'oi! A. 
 
 tnil (I .(Ml I,, -.'ii|i|Hi .). 
 
 tiik(3 turn, iirii.«u •• 
 
 tciiiiit!.st :ir«.«lii 
 
 to-morrow in'lm /,. nihiti, •• 
 
 trp(! ki /,..(. 
 
 water ii A',(, 
 
 liool r. 
 
 I'i K'l. wiikhii /. iiifzu 
 
 whito . ."Iiiidi J. .xliuunmsii 
 
 wind kiizc •• 
 
 witiK I'iiimo, liauiii J, 
 
 within.. nakii 
 
 wi'Mnin inniiKi. /,. nit'iinuk'i /. ( 
 
 iiionnokiio.Mi A. nowuni 
 
 tat'kki A. .io ./. 
 
 write sliinishi .1. 
 
 yoUow cliiicrni, /,. kiini.A 
 
 iiloiie tinla ./iij.iiiitui 
 
 biK'k fiiliirii " 
 
 bucket oke •' 
 
 'jiindle tabu, til t.-'umi •• 
 
 bunlun. kiitsuKi *• 
 
 carry niotsii 
 
 destiny lununai 
 
 deviser kuwiidataru •• 
 
 do suru 
 
 droani ynine 
 
 ein|)ty niiinasliii 
 
 enemy kataki 
 
 i'ar tukii '• 
 
 tktbom hiro " 
 
 fealty cbiuei " 
 
 grief urci 
 
 half nakaba " 
 
 iiour jisutsu 
 
 messenger shisha " 
 
 plant uyeki 
 
 plenty takusan " 
 
 power istji 
 
 jiruperty kazu '• 
 
 prosperous sakayo 
 
 pure kirei, kiyoi " 
 
 remember oboyeru " 
 
 rule sadauie '• 
 
 shade kageboshi '• 
 
 shut fusagu " 
 
 throw taosu •' 
 
 year toshi " 
 
 AccAi), UABQif; It Circassian. 
 
 Ul'llll //. 
 
 ziicena /I, 
 
 7Mk .1. 
 
 takh •• 
 
 sur " a/i-arra //. 
 
 silik " 
 
 uil, utui'i .1. toytfha C 
 (sun'." ray.") iuuzki //. 
 
 sshad f. 
 
 at7.e<iuia, opa H. 
 
 artu It. tzeereesiioli >'. 
 
 asMKara .t, 
 
 yaliDusii C, 
 
 Ku, tfis .1. 
 
 a " 
 
 iir //. 
 A. psuo, p.xiio ('. 
 
 chiiria, zuria H. 
 
 e(,'iia, aicoa //. 
 
 pa .1. et'oM •• 
 
 uiL'in .1. 
 iinnaJ. iii, nin, niak .1. 
 7'. niesu ./. eniakuimi //. 
 sak, turrak .1. siz, .xjiooz (\ 
 
 sar A. 
 
 kiiir .1. (green) 
 
 du Avcail. 
 
 guibeloan /tuif/ne. 
 
 sa A. 
 
 (iim, tim .,'1. 
 
 yitslii t'ircdislmi. 
 
 metiushey •' 
 
 tzim .t. 
 
 dadliru .1. 
 
 gar 
 
 amotsa Ii, 
 
 netshey ('. 
 
 yedzoesho " 
 
 tsheohslioy •' 
 
 Kar A. 
 
 gu " 
 
 larria //. 
 
 nouhka ('. 
 
 seesahet " 
 
 sueoal A. 
 
 suk 
 
 tak 
 
 su 
 
 cuda " 
 
 sakh " 
 
 gur " chaai Ii, 
 
 i)ar " 
 
 siten " 
 
 katabsey V, 
 
 pazaeesh " 
 
 dzey 
 
 tlaysee " 
 
 B 
 
10 
 
 ! ! 
 
 In the preceding table it will be seen tlmt the Circassian 
 agrees in many words with the Kumtchatdale, which again has 
 much in common with the Dacotah dialects. The Accad, on the 
 other hand, connects more clearly with the Japanese and Loo 
 Choc, not only in the ordinary vocabulary but in certain terms 
 denoting the transmission of culture, such as sar, shirushi, write, 
 sumuk, shomots, book, car, gisgal, durud, siro, gooseescoo, toride, 
 fortress, bir, iru, paint, and cri, iri, servant. The civilization of 
 Japan, therefore, is to be regarded, neither as indigenous nor as 
 borrowed from China, but a civilization regularly transmitted 
 along the line of Accadian migration, and sufficiently established 
 to be able to reproduce itself in such distant regions as New 
 Granada and Peru. How it passed from Japan to these coun- 
 tries it is hard to Hi\y. Japanese junkt< have been cast on the 
 western .shores of North America, and it may be that navigation 
 had something to do with the transference of the Khita from the 
 one continent to the other. But the other tribes of Hittito origin, 
 the Choctaws, Iroquois and Dacotahs, seem to have entered upon 
 their American home at the far north-west by the stepping stones 
 of the Aleutan chain, and by the same route the semi-civilized 
 Mound Builders must have reached tiie scenes of their long for- 
 saken labours. Were tiiese Mound Builders not part of the 
 Khita migration, and may they not even have been Quichuas and 
 Muyscas on their way to a South- American home, where, under 
 more I'avorable conditions, they rose to higher things and emula- 
 ted the deeds of their ancestors in Japan and Chaldea ? 
 
 There is a branch of the Kliita dispersion which I have merely 
 mentioned, but which deserves fuller attention. It is that which 
 I supposed to liave been driven into Nubia by the conquering 
 Pharaohs of the eighteenth dynasty, the stock commonly known 
 as Nubian or Barabra. I do not build anything upon the Bara- 
 bra name, but simply allow their language to speak for it.self. I 
 am also ignorant of its grammatical forms, but these Dr, Lepsius 
 states bear no likeness either to the Semitic or to the Egyptian. 
 They may. therelbre, be Turanian. The vocabulary is Hittite, 
 if Ba.sque and the other languages I have connected with it be 
 Hittite ; and, on a comparison with these languages, presents 
 some of the most remarkable instances of the vitality of words 
 that philology records. It is worthy of note that the Hittite 
 Shcth or Ashtar was one of the principal divinities of Nubia. 
 
11 
 
 liARABRA. KHITA. 
 
 ^^^ inilli liin-ahrii. maiialli Quirlutn. 
 
 usk I)i>ni>ol(i, su Acciiil, itSL'hiioClrcdiHinv, {ish\k'\ ■/(iii"ii>sr, 
 
 iisitok Kiidiuk, ishia //i'ldtsa _ vvashiih 7Vv- 
 <'"r'ifii, ooyohoo ('/ir/;,/,;c, hudiii Quir/i 10 1. 
 
 "^™ okcra Srhulnm, kokor Kohla,,;, choria linxinw, g:-.ri;:ha fi^.i/wnt, 
 
 kowertag Kenxii, kowerty«a //. t-liiroti Ai/mam. 
 
 ^^"■^ kub /;, kaumvau lro<iu«it, hiiaiupii (Juic/nin, ?a 
 
 banno Loo Olioo. 
 
 °"y *^''" '''■ t"< J<'- toncUi A'o. (Ill .lr,-,(,/. (li)ji .foiHinis,., tennohakh Kodiid-, 
 
 ili^i nitltifxii. doyato Huron, atsatsa C'/hc- 
 o/i'tr, tesuniing t.V//r, chuta Muiiuva, votuui 
 
 *""°^^* kabakka //. shukinnotsii ./a/«ni-.sf, xm^Vosn Kamtchatko, 
 
 waubiiskali ()x(iu>-\ |Mi,<ka diovtuw. okhapin 
 Ado In. ooiKiue AronntK. 
 '^''^'" ''• Piili'ii llox'jiie, laak Kotli,,k, takelygo .l/»v- 
 
 /I'O (/<■(■. 
 
 brother . . . .aninsa /;. anasrea i{o«,,,o; ani ./opows'; ansasu Kudloh, 
 
 soiikakod Dwotidi. h;icnyflia [fnron, 
 imi^KiMicle Chcrokit . 
 
 •^""er tes< A'-., dei'k A'-. tklio ('ircaxsio,,. 
 
 ^^^' »'>■ 1^- ^'"i'll A',. „ll(. Knrod,; angallak A/mto,,. woeneoslaat 
 
 Oiicidd, iftl Afliiraiio, urn Annittni, anoqiial 
 
 /■'tlrilloll. 
 
 ogreska /). ougresk A'-, hirn ./-(;,((//.■«. y"rhiihiih Tii.-<c,irnro, onisrate 
 
 I 'oil II I/O, 
 
 ^'''^ boalA-o. welkA'.. lig. likii Arrod, zabuloa lios./iir, alehaul 
 
 Oiin'do.nele dliero/.'fi; alljo, calatii '/uic/tio, 
 loi'ina Atoroinri, shilakc Fitiviou. 
 niokka. //. raonka //. kykmyk Trhukwhi, inoncv .U„»„/-/)i, mat- 
 
 ihiiga. .l///(f ^nr< , aniikara Ainnnro. 
 
 '^'^^ ukkegayy. okiiga />. r.iw Arrod, r|.ii Corea, ohiulhka K,nHor,, 
 
 ii kithi IliihUufi, ohuchta Onondona, huehko 
 Musko,,,;', aike .Uoroma, ciihiicfi Mui/iro, 
 ya.\y(!.\ke /'iu'lrfif. 
 nilgo A7<. uluk A'.. I.ihoi'koo M;Hrtarr,, haklo C/iocton; gule 
 
 Clifro/.-ei: oalat Ado/ii. 
 
 °'"^*'i arykka D. zifiira .'tccrtd'. (iirikata vl/u«. ahonroch Not- 
 
 ''"'■".'. alawhi r/)t'/v</,vf, urakke .l//HUf>v(. 
 iskitta /i. yatta ^ .'rcaxslon, tjidsi Jaixtiwn; tshukak 
 
 Aluiliiii, oht'tta /roi/uoi,H. 
 
 eye manga Z;. inissigh />. noli f'/,<v,.,.v/„„. ni /;,«; r/too, uianako, moku 
 
 Joiioiicm; iianit Konttrliotkn, moishta C/i- 
 xoroka, inii^hkin Clioituw, nockkoehum 
 Coddo, nahui Quichuo, nagiii Qudcno, 
 niyooo Cniiuhnbii, nge .lmKfV(;i. 
 
 father abogo Zf. ambabk />. .ialu.w I'irro.s.sinn, apav r^rrrf, popo, einpitch 
 
 Kuriok, iiionDomphho Ujmiroka, abishnisha 
 JViitrhr::, pabu Mitv/ica, idabapa Cm/idjohn. 
 
 firo ika Z?. eka Ko. yk A- . ik I>. m lioi<iur, hi. yoke Joixmcxc, tako Axca//, 
 
 ochceah Twcorom, ioak Choctaw, yachtah 
 ?'(•/(<•, yau Worcooii, iche /Icnex, aqiiacakc 
 
 fish karag /i. araga iJos,),',; karasacki Aino, ikahlik 
 
 Tvhv.ktvhi, kullo ChocUiw, agaula Cheroh.; 
 challua Qnicfnio, khalloua ^cfnicroi. 
 
 rtesh arykka /i. araguia /Jom,Hc, gUi Virmt^utn, arookka 
 
 Uihsoruh-a, wahra Iroqwiix, 
 
12 
 
 fnot • . 
 hand. 
 
 Barabua. 
 ■ fcntUKii li. ossontuga D. 
 
 .iddcghi?. 
 
 igh /;. 
 
 head ourka li. I), oar Ko. ork 
 
 knife gnadu Ka. kandyg Ke. 
 
 kandyga li. 
 iiuin ogikh I), ogedj Ke. 
 
 iii:.K — 
 
 itga B. 
 
 kordu K<t. 
 .iddjc B. 
 
 luoon 
 
 morning ■ 
 mother.. 
 
 • noogy /^f. onateja li. 
 ounatcga U. 
 
 norg ' IL 
 
 sch .rappa I). 
 
 • mashanak B. 
 
 .anenga B, indih D. 
 
 mouth akka B. 
 
 IM 
 
 neck. 
 
 aul K<>. agilk Kt. 
 
 chundeka D. 
 .gummurk />'. 
 
 Khita. 
 
 ona, oina. Busqw. onchidasoon Hochelaga, 
 sa'iknutho Chttimncn, noeat Adahi. 
 
 id Accadi tc .iKinnuHf., tsha AUiitan, istinkeh 
 Mnxkoricc, yta Muiixm. 
 
 su Acc(td, oyg (^ifpiixiiitui, escua Bnai/ttc, ki 
 Lno Clioo, aiche Kudink. sake Ducitnh, 
 shako M'llidink. agwooni C/irrokn; uish 
 AftdCfiiifi. siiyi Atncinua, eiie, cuugh Arau- 
 c((», ieskup PuiUlie. 
 
 Kc. pir Aorinl. burua Biisi/ue. ootaurc 7'k«- 
 <jiirorri, aiiuwara ()n<indit(ta, abaracaina, 
 nahuaracaina ( 'iinubidni. 
 
 sooneo drffixxinii. katana ./diiiniar, tshan- 
 gielk Knili'ik, kainatra t'di/iirifi. 
 
 ka Accdd, aga Circitstiaii, guizua Buxque, 
 chii, ickkeega Loo Clioo, oikyo Iiinu, okkai 
 Aino, nika Triiid.tc/ii. sewk K<idi<di\ ugig 
 Aleutiiii, wii'u Uiicololi, (jouquii^h Molmtclc, 
 chauheh .Mutl-o.iec, askay.i Clitroki-c, ay- 
 ciiteh Diriivii'i s-hoeli f'oddi). chh.i Miiimca, 
 hake vl/.'»('ifrt, kosa Quirhuo. hiiataki /<<?«es 
 auca, ohe Aiunfnn, chia Pwlclit. 
 
 tas, iiitakh Arrod, otoko ./.■iii"iii'*n', tsioch 
 A'fiiion. oectoka Ihicotuh. itaatsin Mine- 
 kuxstii; hatak ('/im-tKir, atsooai Cherokee, 
 huataki /t< ii<K.'y,uii\('iiiiubi(hfi, het Fucnian, 
 
 karra AcrmL guru Knrde, kknri (Juichva, 
 eratasi Cinjuhidni. 
 
 shah Cifi'disidii. tji./"/<f'//i y . ittiik Tchuktch, 
 atsi-midi llidntxn. 
 
 maathe Cirrrx-iion, mangets Jupinivse, 
 kounetHon Aiii'/, ininiiatatehe UiixKroka, 
 eghiiid:i MoliKir/,-, Uiinaiigliquaw ('di/usja, 
 nungdohsiiiigiioyee, anantogo Clicro/cee, 
 nachaoat Adalii, iioe-ouisli Caddo, weu- 
 ehaw-niioteph Odnwlxi. anoku Fucnian. 
 
 I'laroo L'lo (Vido, sonrckka Iroi/uoix. 
 
 hahnip-woehah Wiuuil/diin, karakkwa Iro- 
 iiiidii. kovii.-ip A ifelux, shafah Celie 
 
 miymiii'hi ./(»/»/, cw, iiiiaknk K(<diid,; chin- 
 nakjihoa Uiixuroku. 
 
 nen Aecod, yani Cirraxsidu. ama Basque, 
 anak Teliukfelii. anaan Aleutan, anaga 
 Kidlldl-, oiiali DdCdtdfi, aiieheh Huron, 
 ehneh Codlo. nii<ino Arnuiitn, 
 
 ka Aviui, shay Clrcdxxidn. knohi d((j)d)iese, 
 kuzha Kdiiife/idtka, ekigin Tekuktchi, 
 chaiigh Osd-ic, ihah Onid/m, chi<iiie Iroqiioia 
 heelie Xntehcz, cha Chctimdcn, ah I)ic;iinto, 
 gtiyiiii-'a ^fllllxcd. 
 
 agihik Aleut 111, oskawruhwoh Tntcdrom, 
 
 tsiawlir//( 
 
 '•, W!icntcholakyl(/((/a", lakka 
 
 Aiiiiidrd, iapoik /'ui'le/ie. 
 kandak TchuLfchi, kanhka A'ik/iVt/., chaknoh 
 
 Muxkdijee, dunehwatcha Caddo. 
 zeynier CiredxnidH, samoa Bnxque, kubi 
 
 ■JnpuiicHc, yoatnuu Kodiak, sunyarhihghey 
 
 Mohnii'k, ikunia Choctaw, kunka (Juichun, 
 
 coniahi At a en ma. 
 
 
13 
 
 I Iforheloffa, 
 Ida hi, 
 
 ■tan, istinkeh 
 
 a Ilosi/ue, ki 
 ke DdC'itiih, 
 
 ni-okrt; uish 
 
 cuugh Arau- 
 
 intniire Tut- 
 abaraciiina, 
 
 tnuse, tshan- 
 ri. 
 
 zua Bu/iqiiK, 
 Innu, okkai 
 Oidi'ftks iigig 
 ch Mdhawk, 
 'lerokec, ay- 
 hha Mui/sca, 
 lataki Itcnes 
 he. 
 
 iiiexc. tsidch 
 atsin Mine- 
 ai Cherokee, 
 let Fneriinn. 
 ri Qtiichva, 
 
 k Tehuhteh, 
 
 ipiinesc, 
 
 Uii''(i}-<ika, 
 iw Ctiyuyu, 
 Cherokee, 
 iddo, wee- 
 Fiicjiinu. 
 oin. 
 
 ikkwa Iro- 
 Uch< 
 iidh, chin- 
 
 II a flnsqur, 
 an, anaga 
 eh Huron, 
 
 i ■f((ii<n)e8c, 
 'chuktchi, 
 no lro(iHois 
 ih Diciiunn, 
 
 Tuicarora, 
 lithi, lakkn 
 
 k, chaknuh 
 
 <ine, kubi 
 I'arlahghey 
 
 ii Quichtta, 
 
 Barabha. 
 night ■iinalal Ko. 
 
 awaka /?. oiigouk Ke 
 
 nose szurriuga /i, D. 
 
 rain oniorka B. 
 
 anessik Ke. 
 
 aveh K '. 
 
 river scr Ko. 
 
 assig Ke. osfiga D. 
 
 
 amanaia Ii. 
 
 salt .... 
 
 . ..ombotti Ii. 
 
 sheep . . . 
 
 ...egot B. 
 
 ghoe*t. . . 
 
 .. .Ciuaro K</. kijresk K' . 
 
 
 derka B. 
 
 sister . 
 
 .anissega B. i;ni5sega I). 
 
 sit. 
 sea. 
 
 .tiko. B. 
 .essi B. 
 
 speak. 
 
 star. 
 
 .bayn B. 
 
 .wonssik Kc. 
 
 snn . . . 
 
 windjoga /i. ondou Ko. 
 .maschokka B. inashako 
 
 es Ko. 
 
 KlIITA. 
 
 k'>lkwa K'niitchotkii. neillhe Mn-ikofwe, riiiilla 
 
 Qin'rhu'i (moon), 
 uioka /J. <:e Aceod, kayshey Circussian, gau 
 
 Box'ine. amgik Alevton, oche Uimaroka, 
 
 as<iho CoiiWKi, woeoliawa Catan-ba. 
 ar -Irro,/, surra Bn'tuii'-, koiiyoungsahli Cher- 
 
 '//,■(<■, sol Cmldo. 
 niuni A<c<id. ouria Ban'/ite, obiire ./ii]wiiew, 
 
 wara Taicurom, iokeniioros Iroriuow, para 
 
 (Juiehua. 
 aai> .\cfai/, inot.-si Bas<iue, amo .hii.nihae, 
 
 neczhnh Wlnnvhaijo, inaunda.se Huron, 
 
 nn-nayubii- Nutvlux, ganic Adahi, tlinaci 
 
 T<hll!/rhe. 
 
 washghey CireoKiian, ami Lor, Clioo, unipa 
 C/ioetnir, 
 
 arin Ac'tid, kuli Chortmr, hahuiri Ainnora. 
 
 kogawa .hiiKints', kiigh K'lmt'hatko, kuik 
 Tchnktehi, Tehuint:., kwikh Kiidiok, wau- 
 chiscah O^aue. ahesu ?7/w(ro/.'«, azi Hidntm 
 joke Nottoifdi/, hucha Chortmr, kha i^^tc- 
 fH'Jio, eosaugh Cotnn-bn, sie Mui/seo. 
 
 nccshiioi'aig.'ii O^'o, anges Mimtarev, isney- 
 migh Tnsiororo. iriis.*! JVolche^, uiayu 
 
 .iainani Kor'mk, uiashoo A"') '■'//oo, pepum 
 Koiiitehritkn, amnhota Hidatxa, hupi Choc- 
 
 illir, 
 
 \nhi Aecdd, hit.siiji .loiionese, chita Quichun. 
 
 ililhuchik Kidiok, oochekoora Tusearora, 
 ator.nki fro<iHoi>i, shulush Choctmr, dola- 
 iisuluh Cherokee. 
 
 ano. (innakiyiidai .foponeye, oni Loo Choo, 
 any^eon Aliuton. tunksho /lorotoh. aenyaha 
 Huron, iiueksishtlko Choctcar, unggedo 
 CItirokee, nanay QiiiehiiK. 
 
 tizo Circrinsi-ni, tijay Quichua. 
 
 iohasoa Bn>i(/ne, shey Ciicfinxian. oo.shoo Loo 
 ( lioo. kai .hi i.one^r. dkhiittaii Choet<(w. 
 
 sbiiL'hoy Circiiynion, hanasii .l<i iKinexe, bedow 
 Uiixiirokd. owenna Iroijuoiii (speech), gah- 
 wonohah Cherokee, pouinyuy Muskoijee, 
 r\\\,\\r: MiifHfii y'\\\ Arinieon. 
 
 hdshi. t'usi .loiioneae, weeweuthocstin Dacotah 
 wiehchahpee Yankton: ojistok Mohai'-k, 
 \>h<i»tch\kCh ifkomir, i)\i/()hi'.i\keii Hitehilee 
 wahpeeknu Cutoirho, paehota Cheiimnca, 
 f'a.'-nia Mhiihco. 
 
 ilslioslia fireitinidii, ojishnnda Cn<iH<id. 
 
 I), tuiitschak Trhiikfrhi, madzshak A'fc/ta/i', 
 uioii.ikkaii Mdnd((n, niuencajai Onidhn, 
 nungdohegah Cherokee, ncetakhas.seh Ckoo- 
 tdir, neotahusa J/us/,-o(/<'(>, nyatch Cuchon, 
 noteuh Cdtdwhd, nagg Adohi, antaigh 
 
 Ariiiietiii, 
 iirnzki Bosque, hi ./((y/'nievc, ahhiza r/iJsto'o/iV/, 
 kauhquaw iS'eneca, aheeta Nottoway, hushi 
 Choctaw, sako Caddo, sua Muyicu. 
 
f 1' 
 
 Barabra. 
 tooth njta 11- 
 
 gehl Ko. nelky A't . 
 
 tongue nadka D. narka li. 
 
 tree sahloq Ko. saloyg Ke. 
 
 galguola b. 
 goui B. 
 
 water essog 1). 
 
 amanga B. 
 
 wind toiiga 11 . 
 
 woman. 
 
 tourouck Ke. irschu Ko. 
 
 kirguiata 1). 
 .ing A''-, enga D. 
 
 eadon Ko. odinga U. 
 idingga 1). 
 
 year gemga B, 
 
 14 
 
 Khita. 
 
 noontinga Tc/iuf/nz, onotchia Iroqunin, noti 
 Clinctiiir, innotay Mmkoftec. int Natcliez. 
 
 aghalun Alcntnn, onouwelah Cnmuia, olosag 
 Nottoway, kiru Qiiichua, lacaechaca Aii- 
 niiira, 
 
 nutshel Kdnitchnthi. noighjee Minetanc, 
 ennasa froi/wiit, undauchshean Humu, 
 yalinohgah t'lurnkf, uodlo AttucniiK. 
 
 areclia Bnn'iiic, kerllitte Mnhnirk, geroo Nut- 
 toirii)/, yali Atnrinna, knllu Qiticlinn (wood). 
 
 gii AcmL ki .I>i y,nnc>ir, jaga Alrutan, yahak 
 UtKiUcihkan, chaongeonn Ydiiktou, kaeet 
 SfiK-cfi. yah T'/", kasg Attomiiti, yako 
 Ciiddo, guyo Muiitia, hacha Quickua, ccoca 
 Aijmiivii, ichcai Afncamn, 
 
 a Accud, aga CironHwtn, wakha //i*it. sui 
 Jiiiianesc, hochnoak Oiieid<(, uekah Chor- 
 tfiw, okkoe Ifitcliifoi; eau Wocrtidu, ejaii 
 C((tnirhii, akAM(i<'ijJ'(' ko Cliethiuicn, koko 
 Vnddii, aho Oiuhiin, liaaehc Maiiropd, sio 
 Miniicd, yaku Qaichwi, AiDiiiifd, koAxui- 
 c((ii, yagiy Fuei/iioi, 
 
 meze //oo C'/c*'*, niok Tvliuh-tclil, nunak 
 Ti'hn'jdz, minno ViMirnkn, mini Dacutah. 
 oneegha Minckuixnr, oiumaii Chci-oh'ic, 
 hunia AiinKinu niouke Afoucon. 
 
 itcheeshoong Loo Cli'm, ma-thuk Alcuton, 
 tschang Ddi'iitiili, tattasuggy Oinge. 
 
 tekawerakwa frdiiuoix, liotalleyo Mmkoyei 
 
 ni, niin, inak Atcail, eiuakuino B((H(jiie, in- 
 nago LiioChw), mennokoosiyl/xo, raeanaku 
 /»s». onna •/oiiancic, angagonak Ahutan, 
 eenah Ddcofdii, nosahahWuincbai/d, yonk- 
 we Mohdirk, iigGyungChifokec, waunehung 
 Uvid; ehnch Caddo, quochekinok Adnhi, 
 seen Dinuno, seenyack Cuvhun, ami Sdii- 
 {bocituo, nacuna Patdponidn, ianiokanika 
 Tihiilk-hr, ianiokhcnok Pudclir. 
 
 dam Acrad, taekki /<"" Clioo, tawicu Daci- 
 tdh, V'tehkeh Huron, tekchi Choctaic, tah- 
 mahl Ndt'dd-:, tana Itenvn, domo, thamo 
 Araucint. 
 
 niogha C'ircossiuii, ning Loo C/mo. 
 
 The vocabulary of the Barabra, judging by the limited speci- 
 men of which I have bceu able to avail myself, thoroughly 
 coincides with those whose resemblances have already been set 
 forth. Some of the Basque analogies are very striking. Thus 
 we have okera Barabra and choria Basque, bird ; aninga and 
 anagea, brother ; kalg and galoa, bread; arykka and araguia, 
 flesh ; karag and araga, fish (compare the Aino karasacki) ; igh 
 and escua, hand ; oar and burua. head ; ogikh and guizua, man ; 
 ougouk aud gau, night ; szurringa and surra, nose ; omorka, 
 
 1 
 
15 
 
 Iroqnnis, noti 
 int Nutchcx. 
 ^ui/ufia, olosag 
 caecliaca Ai/- 
 
 ee Minetarce, 
 ihean Hurnn, 
 
 IttncriliK, 
 
 '•/,-, geroo iV')/- 
 idi'li ltd (wood). 
 Inttan, yahak 
 (ii/ct'iii, kaeet 
 ti(i'njiii, yako 
 Uilfkua, ccoca 
 
 <ha /iinH, sui 
 uokfth Choc- 
 Vocctun, ejaii 
 ethnacK, koko 
 Mnrirojiii. sio 
 '(•'(, ko^ltKK- 
 
 ■'<-'/(/, niinak 
 
 iiini JJdcotdli, 
 
 ill Clicrokie, 
 
 icini. 
 
 link Alcitton, 
 
 J'O Mimkuyei-. 
 
 Jiimr/iie, in- 
 «", ineanako 
 
 ak ^/eii^nd, 
 ci(((/«, yonk- 
 
 waunehung 
 inok Arldlii, 
 ni, anil ^'";;- 
 iamokanikii 
 e, 
 twicii Biicn- 
 
 octaif, tah- 
 nnio, thanio 
 
 ted speci- 
 loroughly 
 
 been set 
 
 . Thus 
 ioga and 
 
 araguia, 
 ki) ; igh 
 uu, mau ; 
 
 omorka, 
 
 anessik and euria, inotsi, rain ; enga and cmakum, woman ; 
 owi and bi, two; burc and amar, ten. What closer resemblance 
 is possible witliin the domain of comparative philology than that 
 which is presented in the Barabra agilk, chundeka, mouth, on 
 the one hand, and the Alcutan agilak, Tchuktchi kandak, on the 
 other ? Such another example is afforded in a comparison of 
 the Barabra maschekka and the Tchuktchi and Kadiak mats- 
 chak, the Sun. So again the Barabra Kehl is the Aleutan 
 aghalun, tooth, while aly and onial are the Koriak alio and the 
 Aleutan angallak. day. The Aleutan and Kadiak, with the 
 allied Tchuktchi, seen) to have preserved almost intact the old 
 Hittite forms, which the Barabra carried into Nubia nearly four 
 thousand years ago. The Aleutans and Barabra agree in being 
 worshippers of the sun like other Hittitcs, in the manufacture 
 of red waterproof leather, and in their manner of adorning the 
 head, the only difference being that the Aleutans replace with 
 beads the little pellets of yellow clay which the Nubians attach 
 to their flowing locks. Physical ethnology would never have 
 dreamt of uniting white Basques and Circassians, black Nubians, 
 yellow Japanese and red American Indians ; but philology, which 
 knows no colour but that of words and constructions, makes them 
 one. It may be that in the Barabra we shall yet find the purest 
 surviving form of the ancient Hittite language. Some ot its num- 
 erals help to connect those of the Peruvian dialects with other 
 Hittite forms. Such are tosk 3 and kcmsou 4, which the 
 Quichua inverts, taking kiuisa for 3 and tahua for 4 ; iscodon 
 9 is the Quichua iscon, and dimaga 10 the Aymara and Sapi- 
 bocono tunca, while buro. another form of the same number, is 
 the Cayubaba bururuche, and, at the same time, the Dacotah 
 pcrakuk. 
 
 The subject of numerals, however, takes us into central Africu 
 by way of Darfur as far as Haussa. The Furiau and Haussa 
 vocabularies are almost entirely made up of Khitan and Sum- 
 erian words, and the granimar of tJie latter language is virtually 
 that of the Berber. Before I knew that Dr. Hyde Cl'-;rke had 
 placed the Haussa among his Vasco-Kolarian languages, I had 
 been struck with the resemblance of its numerals to those of 
 the Basque, which have long been regarded as unique. Thus the 
 Haussa bu 2 is the Basque bi, biga, bida, the Accad bi, Barabra 
 owi, Corean fupu, Cadno bit, Muysca bosa, Aymara paya, Ata- 
 cama poya, Cayubaba bbeta, Araucanian epu and Peulchc petci. 
 
16 
 
 In the Haussa biet, here 5, we find the Basque host and borzt, 
 the Accad para, the Iroquois wish, tlie Quicliua and Aymara 
 ppisca and the Sapibocono pissica. The Haussa sh'ddah G 
 appears in the Basque sei, the llche chtoo, the Quicliuu and Ay- 
 mara socta and the Sapibocono succuta. For the number 7 the 
 Basque zazpi connects witii the Furian szebbe, and thus with 
 the Dacotah shapua, sliawcoptn^ and the Muysca cuhupqua ; 
 while the Haussa bookqua, buckeree furnish analogies to the 
 Caddo bissickka, the Maricopa pakek, the Adahi pacaness and 
 the Aymara pacalco. Nine m Haussa is farra or turrali, and in 
 these forms wc have tlie elements out of which the Basque bed- 
 eratzi was formed. Ten again is gomar, the Basque hamar and 
 the Araucanian niari. From the Barabra, Furian and Haussa 
 many of the Peruvian forms of the numerals may be recovered 
 and their antiquity established, as well as their relation to the 
 old Khita Sumerian confederacy, v/iiich loft such extensive traces 
 on the African continent as well as those in Europe, Asia and 
 America. 
 
 Peruvian. 
 1. . . .hue, sue Quichvfi. 
 
 (? (Uk Darfnr) 
 raai Aymiira, ,«oina Atucuma, 
 
 2 — ycay, iseay Q. 
 
 raya^. iioya ^/. bbota Cu/i 
 nhabn. 
 
 initia Sui^ibucono. 
 3 — eurapa " 
 quinca Q. 
 
 kimsa Q. A., kimisa C. 
 
 4 — ehalpa At. 
 
 pusi A. .S^ 
 ehadda C 
 
 tahua Q. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 Khita-Sumkriax. 
 
 gi Amid, aki scka Cireaissian., k\\\ •Ifiimnc^c, 
 soiiuo Ulienih'<', sah Uolti:, siha l)ie<jHWt. 
 
 nay.'i Kns/nui, kcinmis Kdmtvlnitkn, unji 
 TiaciiiurK. onje Ihicotuli, uieeacheheo 
 OmnliK, huniinai Muskoncc, hongo Clnti- 
 viiicii hanniek, Att'icrtim, sin Cucluin., hina 
 Diiiivnii, kino Arinienn, 
 
 cas Ai^ciid, au tJurfur, oh ('ircii>,>iuiii, hokko 
 
 Mllllx'HllC. 
 
 bi Ai'ciid, bi, bida, biga /inxf/iic, bu Ilaumn, 
 bin Kiislinii, owi linndirn, wibarVcwwsiVni, 
 t'utatsu JfiiJiiiiiHc, I'upu Coroi, ahwetie 
 A'dfrlifz, bit Ciid(li), hupau Clittimncu, 
 haveka Morifopo, bosa Muiist'o, epu A rmi- 
 oni, potei Puclche. 
 
 mittanoo Kiimtch(dh-<i, niitsii ./iii)iinesc (3). 
 
 raph Aiiio, 
 
 san ./"/»' (i'w, sang Lou Chun, kankas Al'u- 
 tan, aushank [fnrou. 
 
 kemsou, kcmsoga, keinmisk Bcrubni (4), 
 haiuuo(7i«c/(aH, hamoka. Ml iriciiiii I, khamoc 
 Dwiiuno, mica Mui/mn. 
 
 tshopi ll'7jiiit6(',(/o,chapop C'i't7((/ii,ehampapa 
 Miiricoitii, tchapap Uieiiuiio, 
 
 iwiu Hiiuimi, pshi Cirntaiifni, venweh Cmldn. 
 
 huddu Kituhiui, yoteu Jitj^aiicic, tschitaami 
 Tcliupax, ushta nlioctinr. 
 
 tosk, todje /Inriibrii (3), tslmsfiuat Kmnt elm f- 
 /■i(3), thaseha Kamt. (4), toua Otto, towao 
 /owoi/, tsets Attucaiiat tncuche Adufii. 
 
17 
 
 St and borzt, 
 lud Ayniiii'ti 
 I shiddah 6 
 hua and xVy- 
 umbor 7 i\w 
 d thus with 
 cuhupqua ; 
 ou'ies to the 
 )acaness an d 
 irrah, and in 
 
 Basque bod- 
 le hamar and 
 I and Haussa 
 
 be rccoverod 
 bition to tlie 
 tensive traces 
 ipe, Asia and 
 
 KRIAX. 
 
 in. ichi ■III ixoiV'C, 
 I, siha Dieimno. 
 'iimtcliiit/,-11, unji 
 
 '/, moeachcheo 
 hongo Cliiti- 
 
 in (Hiclinn, hina 
 
 rciisiiuin, hokko 
 
 lie, bu IlllWifii, 
 
 wibar'//c((!.siV(ii, 
 
 Cofcii, ahwetie 
 
 ipaii Clictimiico, 
 
 isi'1.1, epu Ari'V- 
 
 m JainnieiiC (3). 
 
 0, kankas Aim ■ 
 
 ;k Biniibvii (4), 
 iv'u'iiliii, khauKH^ 
 
 K7((()i,ehampapa 
 
 lO, 
 
 1, peawehC"c/t/". 
 (Ksc, tschitaami 
 
 squat A'<f»ff'A'/N 
 toua Otto, towac 
 ache^(/((//i. 
 
 I 
 
 Pkruviax. 
 5 ...ppisoa tj.A.. pissioa .S'. 
 
 6 . soota 1^. A' siioi'iita S. 
 
 oarata-rirobo (\ 
 niichalo ,1'. 
 7 — canchis Q. 
 
 pacalco .1. iiaeuhtca .S', 
 
 8 — passac Q. 
 
 curapa-rirdbo (\ 
 
 kimsu-calfio/l. kitnisH- 
 cholama At. 
 9 — iscon Q. 
 
 tekcr, tekarn At. 
 pusioalcoyl. 
 10 — bururuche (\ 
 
 tunc a A. S. 
 
 cbunca Q. 
 such, suchi At. 
 
 KmrA-SCMKRIAN. 
 
 boaha llnutsu, biot Kirihun, bost linn'iU'', 
 itsutsii ./"/""I''", wi.sk .MdIiiiwI:, li-c, \v\ka 
 (tnnnihi'iii. wish ('in/viin, hiskee ('hwnh'-'', 
 poppacan Ad'ilii. dissiokka ('inliln, hussa 
 t'hitiviiicii. liisoa Mui/fi'ii, keehu Ai'iinf"". 
 
 sliiddiih Ifinissii. shawco Diicntuli, sotnlailili 
 Cliiruhce, plitoo r<'hi;. 
 
 gurdjoii Itiiriilirii, roku ,/iiiiiiiiiie. 
 
 ?mitsii ./ii IIIIIIHI-, iiiohiik Miiririiiiii. 
 
 gannh Tutriiynyn, pai'ai)f.«s Adnlii. 
 
 bookqiiii, biickereu Iliniun, kalo-piiKy Mnsl,- 
 iiiirr, paghu ^U<('C"/;(i, i)acaicon ^l'/"/n' (S), 
 bissiokka (^nddi', pakck Miiri'i'niii. passac 
 tjiiirlniii (8). puasa TehnUi'ho (S). pusa 
 I'upli'lir (8). 
 
 t'akoa Kiiiliiiii. f'ati'hce Lon rii'm. t'az ./";"»- 
 fie, piKajung.'i Triiukichi, peel'ali Cclif, 
 upkutopish ^V(/fe/(ej (see 7). 
 
 kraerabaiio Ott<>. kraerapnne fnwin/. ciiinna- 
 bah Mnshiintf. 
 calcu.V. kiiintshiiig .l/»'»r(//i. 
 
 kollemaaien Kndinh (9). 
 
 iiskddk. iskoddii linridirn. kukonntsu ./"/■- 
 iiiirxr, sickinish Aduhi. 
 
 tarra Kniliiin. turrah Hiniisn. chakali Clmr- 
 tiiir. pewesiekka finldn. 
 
 pur Acciiil. bure Iturolivn, ainar Jimi/iir, 
 ffdinar Hnusiii, (lyerili Mihnu-k. periiK 
 Miindim. peeiaga Miurtnvei , perakuk Up- 
 »iirnl,-ii, pahlon Mmho'irr. pocoli I'/mctoii), 
 inari Ai'iiiiriin. 
 
 diiiiaKa. diniega, diimming JJunihrn. teain- 
 iitska fiiiflclu: 
 
 siim .Imiiiui 14 , hasuk. asik Ali'utnn, ausai 
 Huron, uhskohhih fhci-ohee, heisaipu Attn- 
 riiliii, shahdke Minii'iiini. 
 
 The Haussa and Kashna connection of the Sumerians is 
 valuable as aidinjj: to establish the Biblical relations of that 
 ancient stock. In a paper read before the Society of Biblical 
 Archaeology, I endeavoured to connect the Ziniri of Jeremiah 
 XXV. 25 and of the Assyrian inscriptions (Records of the Past, 
 I. 22, V. 34, 41) with the Suuierian people, and these again 
 with Ziuvrau, the eldest sou of xVbrahani by Keturah.^ Zama- 
 
 * I have alluded to the sanu' siilijfc t in an aitielt wliitli appeared in 
 the January part of the '•lUitisli and Foreign Evangelical Keview.' 
 Since that article was in press, however, I have discovered that tin; 
 Sumerian family was in existence prior to the time of Zimran, being 
 tliat of the Yorham mentioned by many Arabian historians. The uni- 
 versal tradition is that the Katoorah, or descendants of Abraham by 
 Keturah, united with the .Jorham, from whom the original Aumri and 
 Zemirai de.scended. As one of their ancestors. Beer, was commemorated 
 
 C 
 
IS 
 
 retii ihw'lt in Anibia in tlie noit^hborhood ornn.i.'alitlnc structures, 
 cunc^M•nin^ one of wiiicii Pal^ravc. rofbrrintr at the same time to 
 Stonelion^c. says : '• There is little difference between the stone 
 wonder of Kasseem and that ol' Wiltshire, except that one is ia 
 Arabia, and the other, more perfect, in Enjiland." According 
 to Pliilostorgius, the Homerita! were the descendants of xVbrahani 
 by Keturah ; and the relation betwecu the Hebrew zimrau a 
 song, and the Erse amhran, having the same meaning, enables 
 us to understand not only the connection nf the fdrnis Ziniri and 
 TTomeritic, but other pairs of win-ds like Sumer and Aymara, 
 and Zinuihr and Amor. The Celtic dialects again, both as 
 regards their grammar and vocabulary, present tuany Semitic 
 features, such as might bo expected to exist in the speech of an 
 Arabian family and the descendants of the patriarch Abraliam. 
 It is worthy of note that the {)eoj)le of Ilonieir or the Honierittv) 
 were notorious for speaking ;•. very corrupted dialect. In the 
 Arabian historians, Homcir appears as a descendant of Kahtan, 
 from who.se son Saba the Kahtanites were called Sabeans; but 
 many old writers, Arabian and others, distingui.-h between Sabean.s 
 and Ilonierita; ; and the conclusion of Dr. Russell, in his Con- 
 nection of Sacred and Profane History, is tliat they were two 
 distinct peoples, distinct yet closely related. Allowing the truth 
 of the statement of Philostorgius that the Homerita; were the 
 descendants of Keturali, a fact rendered probable by tlieir pos- 
 session of the rite of circumcision, the most natural solution of 
 the relation between Homerita) and Kahtanite Sabeans is that 
 the latter were the descendants, not of Joktan, the son of Eber, 
 but of Jokshan, the son of Abraham, and brother of Zimran, 
 who also had a son Sheba, his eldest son, while tin; Sheba of 
 Jokt.'in occupies a very subordinate place in the family of that 
 patriarch. The language of the Hiniyaritic inscriptions confirn)S 
 this, for we find that, like the Aramaean, it often replaces ahia 
 
 inBokliara, it is natural to supi)ose that tlie Zemimi of his lino were 
 the origiuatur.s of the name Samareand. The Ait Amor of Afriea with 
 the Aymaras of Peru would naturally connect with thiis Becherite lino 
 rather than with that of Zimran, through the Aumri. I havo not yet 
 found the precise relation sustained by the posterity of Zimran, repre- 
 sented probably by the Zamareni of Arabia, to the family of Yorham. 
 Yet from the intimate connection of the Zinni with the Matiani of 
 Media as set forth in the Bible and in the Assyrian inscriptions, and 
 of these again with tribes of Jorhamite descent, it would seem that 
 the two stocks had amalgamated. 
 
 I 
 
1(» 
 
 ■structures, 
 
 110 tinif to 
 
 1 the stone 
 
 ono is la 
 
 AcLMtnlitii:; 
 
 ' Al)rahauj 
 
 zimruu a 
 
 'j:, etiables 
 
 Ziiiiri and 
 
 AyuKira, 
 
 1, both ;i,s 
 
 ly Semitic 
 
 ecli of an 
 
 Abraham. 
 
 Ilomerita) 
 
 . In the 
 
 >l' Kahtan, 
 
 eauri; but 
 
 Ml Saboaus 
 
 a liis Cou- 
 
 wore two 
 
 the truth 
 
 were the 
 
 tlieir pos- 
 
 ilution of 
 
 IS is that 
 
 of Ebcr, 
 
 Zimran, 
 
 Sheba of 
 
 y of that 
 
 confirms 
 
 I cos tihiii 
 
 lino wero 
 tVioa with 
 oiito lino 
 •f not yet 
 an, repre- 
 Yorliam. 
 Hatiani of 
 tion.s, and 
 com that 
 
 by t((ii. If A>litar and Ytisha can become Atlitar and Vatha. 
 Jokshaii may certainly be clianued to Joktan. Tiiese Jokshanites 
 seem to have boon driven by the Homoritsv; into Ethiopia, wlicre 
 they founded the kingdom ol' Axum, and were known to tlio 
 aiioi<'nt <>eo2ra pliers as the Auxumitao or Ucxumitao, still rotain- 
 iiii: the rite of circumcision and manifesting the >im(> hostility 
 towards the Ilomeritae tiiat characterized thom in Yemen. 
 Beinu; allowed to i;ive their own version of their name instead •' f 
 [limyaritic, the Kahtan disappi'ar.-. and is rejilaced by Jokshan, 
 which (rreck travellers hellcnized into Auxum. Tliesc Jokshan- 
 ites, with Zimritos or Ilimyaritos. made their way across tlie 
 African contimiit, for the traditions of Bornou ascribe the foun- 
 dation of its .ancient kiiiiidom to the Ilimyaritos oi' Aiabi i ; 
 and, adjoininn' Bornou. lies the state of K.-ishna or Katsena, 
 which, more perfectly tli.an the Kahtan of the Arabs, jirc.serves 
 the name of the second son of Keturah. The languaue of Kashna 
 is that of Haussa, which I have already associated with the 
 Khlta-Sunierian confedor.icy. Loo Africanus informs us that 
 the Berbers were iionerally thouirht to be the doscend.ants of 
 the Sabeans, iiud Alexander Polyhistor, quoted by Joseplius. 
 tells the same story. There are many other authorities that 
 mi,ii,ht be quoted, did space perniit, to tlui same efteot. To link 
 them with the Sumoriaiis of Babylonia is an easy task. Sir 
 Henry Uawlinson uives many proofs for an early connection of 
 the Lower Euplirates with the people of Southern Arabia, and 
 speaks of a brick from llyuiar. a suburb of Babylon, as the only 
 probable relic of the Arabian dynasty of Bcrosus, which Mr. 
 Baldwin holds to be the same as the Median dyn.asty of that 
 autlior, the word Madian or Midianite replacinu the term Me- 
 dian. These Arabians, the leader of whom, according to the 
 late George Smith, was Hammurabi, who built a city at Hymar, 
 must have been the Homoritiv;, Himyarites, Zimri or Sumerians, 
 a Semito-Celtic people, and the constant allies of the Turanian 
 Khita. The gods of Yemen were those of Babylonia. It is 
 also worthy of note that Merodach, the name of a god introduced 
 by Hammurabi and generally associated with Babylonian mon- 
 archy, enters as a constituent into the title of a king of the 
 Zimri, Merodach Mudammik. Samarcand was supposed by 
 many Arabian historians to have been the seat of Arabian 
 (Himyaritic) monarchs, and Humboldt favoured their view. 
 It was no doubt a stage in the eastward journeyings of the 
 
20 
 
 Suuu'riaiis with tlicir Kliita citnt'o'leratc's. Tlicy K'l't their 
 traces ill MrUi.i, as at Tjaii, where (Iruidical circles arc touniJ 
 which •• M. I), llaiicarville ro^jar'hvl as rcseiublitiL^ aiul probably 
 coeval with the slupnidons British inonuiiient Stonohen^e." Dr. 
 Fermison, in his " Rude Stone Moninueiits in all Countries," 
 linds these stoiieheiii;(s in Ni»rtherii Africa, Asia Minor, iind even 
 in India, and ni lintains their coiniiion origin. In Vevu wi> have 
 I'lUtid them as the work of a Suinerlan peoph'; and I am Hrndy 
 convinced that, wherever else they may be discovered, such, philo- 
 logy, comitiL: to the ail ol" arcluicolotry, will show to have been 
 their orii;in. 
 
 It may appear a -omewhat improbable thing that a people 
 sjieakinii a Semitic language, such as was the ancient Himyaritic, 
 should connect with the so-called Aryan Cymii and other Celts. 
 Sir Gardner Wilkinson, ho\vev(!r, .speaking of that sub-Semitic 
 languag', the Egyptian, states that it has affinities with the 
 Celtic and th- langua-es of Africa, and add;; : '• Dr. Ch. Meyer 
 thinks that Celtic in all its inni-S mscritic feiturcs most strikingly 
 corresponds with the old Egyptim." We have already seen 
 that the lierber and Ilauss'a. both in point of grammar and voca- 
 ]}u!ary, present much in common with the Celtic, and that there 
 are well defined tA'ltic traces in the Aceid arising from the 
 Sumerian relation:- of tint language. The Sumerian seems to 
 have been iVuni tie. beginning a language peculiarly susceptible 
 (if surrounding intluenee.-", ^o th:it, while in Arabia and Africa 
 it retained a Semitic character, in Europe it approached the 
 Aryan, and in Chahlea and Peru beeann; thoroughly Turanian. 
 The Celtic dialect^ contain a great many Semitic roots, in the 
 the jios.-ession of which they differ entirely from the Indo-Euro- 
 pe:n languages, as tin y als(j differ from them, while agreeing 
 with the .Semitic t'Higues, in several grammatical forms of no 
 small importance. 
 
 The ocetirreiiee of menalithic structures, so much resembling 
 the Cymric erection called Stonehenge as to call for comparison 
 with tiiat monument from many different writers, in constant 
 connection with Sumeii.oi forms, is an argument that .applies to 
 the Arabian Himyarites as veil as to other peoples wlio.-^e lan- 
 guage agrees hettii' with the Celtic. Stonehenge itself was 
 known as the work of Emrys and was a Cymric structure ; those 
 erections of a similar nature, referred to by Ferguson, Cather- 
 wood and Peu'ot-Ogier. as found in Northern Africa, relate to the 
 
 i 
 
left their 
 
 .ire founil 
 111 prob;i))ly 
 •^^^•." Dr. 
 CountricH," 
 >r, atul even 
 ru wo h;ivo 
 
 am Krinly 
 *U('h, pliilo- 
 
 liavc been 
 
 t a people 
 
 liiiiyiiritic, 
 
 )tlu'r Colts. 
 
 ub-Soiiiitie 
 
 ■i with tho 
 
 Ch. Moyor 
 
 strikinuiy 
 
 •catly iiQcn 
 
 • ami voca- 
 
 that there 
 
 fVoin the 
 
 ooius to 
 
 ii.^coptible 
 
 ul Africa 
 
 ichoil tho 
 
 Turaiii Ul. 
 
 >>. ill tlic 
 
 ndo-Euro- 
 
 a^recinji' 
 
 ■ins of MO 
 
 Jsombliiii4' 
 •niparisoii 
 
 constant 
 l)plies to 
 hnse Ian- 
 self was 
 ; tho.se 
 
 Cathor- 
 10 to the 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 21 
 
 tribal and ueoirraphical naiues Amor, Zimuhr and Ciomora ; tho 
 niouumout of Kasftocm, whicli I'alL'ravc compareil with tiiat of 
 Wiltshiri', lies under tlio Shammar mountains in tiio laud of the 
 ancient Zamanni ; that of Ujan in Media, called a stonehenge 
 l)y D'liancarville, iv situatoil where Zimri and Gimirrai, doubt- 
 less the same poopK'. once dwelt ; and the great group of Tiiiu- 
 anaco, which Mr. !•'. A. Allen lias named "u sort ol" Peruvian 
 Stonehenge," was the work of the Aymaras. It would be a 
 pleasiug and satisi'actory task to follow tlio track of the 8ume- 
 rians and their Hittite allies from .^ledia tn the contines of 
 America, but this my present kn^wlctluo of the intermediate 
 countries and peoplo>, with their anti(|uities and languages, does 
 not permit me to attem[it. T have perhaps already, in r-eoking 
 a fuller ac(iuaintance with the Sumerian family, strayed too far 
 away from my subject, the Hittitvs in Ameri>;a. 
 
 For the intermediate member^ of the Khita family betweeu 
 the Circassian and the Peninsular peofiie^ of north-eastern Asia, 
 I can only present tho Kariens nf liurmali and Siam, whom Dr. 
 Hyde Clarke places on the line of Kluta migration. The Karien 
 I'assuko are undoubtedly IIupuskian.» or i'ja>tcrii Bastjues. The 
 following short vocabulary shows their llittito relationships: 
 
 IC.uiiK.N. IlrrriTK. 
 
 till iihniiiK. sliiimiit'to uiiitiikii. .Iii/mtnui , iihlmtik UiiiKr- 
 
 III,", niika ijHiihun. 
 linn tchoi)l3(ii), tuhciobauh. ipik A''"//"/.-, iilii^ini Ifi'hitsu (shoulder). 
 
 ijluiUlia Ckiiftnir, s^hiikbah CIiIiksikc, 
 
 • aki>a .1/"s/,-'>„i. . iu>liii|) I'mli-lh. 
 buluw huko. ).'e .l'.''.''(i/, wyAxwy (''trr,issiiii). iiohi ./">"//(<««, 
 
 iehou Atifiiiiin, 
 bi'.J «yia. ttHiztua /Iny/ue, asliiki .A//,<(/i>.v- . elu'ja iJn- 
 
 C'il,ili, (Kiyuhec Clirr:, ,',■>(, burha (JiltcliHii. 
 
 lioy, son.. . .iiussa, iiobs^aho, apuso. bosan ./niKnu-iv, iiaoa Kiiniiehiiiuii, jiooskoos 
 
 Cliii-L-iiniiic, ohibou(i.«i Mii.»lc<Hnc. 
 
 (lentil inathi. iiiutii lliiii«sii, bat -t< (•(('/, nmwya, Aymnvo. 
 
 car naklui. nak'iha, Mundnn, iiDKho D'i(.'ntii/i, noeksoo 
 
 Ciiiinrljii, binchu Ai^iiunn. 
 
 lish ya. kha .Icr,/./, zey.'heo f'i.-ridi^iini, eo Lou CIkhi, 
 
 'Ay't.fKii'inrw, ho Olto, huh Qit'ipi,ii, h..iit.'h 
 (h'iVy yoo Ciitfiii-lxi. pua ,}[ni/sijit. 
 iiga. gcnjuh /r"(/t(o('», inua HiJut'-'i, nunc C/hx tmr, 
 
 inak'?lit> (Vi't'uiKini. 
 
 lire nic. mi.lalie lliilntyn, i^ajuh Oii'iii , cmc ('utiin-ljn, 
 
 aiiiia yuriiciri-s. inaju /*nffiiion!<iii. 
 
 foot kaw >aii Ifniinxn, c^f^n AcrnJ. assn ./"/.'/(kw, jeo 
 
 Tclmud z,<\ha, Vcrotn/i, ivn^hfcoTicxciirtirn, 
 ^atel>keJ.V('/^'((■r'v, yeyehr/'i c7iV'x(( ('■,(! iiicha 
 yininrii, kayii A<iii'ni', cha'iui QuivhuK, 
 ahei Cin,i(liiiijii. khnche At'iiniiui. 
 
1 M' 
 
 «>•» 
 
 Kakikn. 
 Bdoil kIui 
 
 KroBt do, Ikldo, tau. 
 
 hnir kliii'<ii. 
 
 haiul ^u, ki'/.ii. 
 
 heiid ko. 
 
 loR i>okti. 
 
 leaf lah, thelii. 
 
 moon lull. 
 
 namu luaing. 
 
 red gau. 
 
 rain tntchu, tehalchanK. 
 
 small tchcka. 
 
 star shia, sa, za, tsnh. 
 
 ter ti. 
 
 t ang. 
 
 raise heca. 
 
 lllTTITK. 
 
 khi. A'lii'l, .'<iiii.vyi'y rirrnisi'ini, yii ./x/xoi- 
 til-, chucii MiiikIiiii, flio Miii/xiii. khiiyii 
 
 tak .1'''''"'. atto <'iV('(»»«i"(()i, nndia HuhiiH' 
 tiii diii, ./ii/iiiiii-ti , icMll llliliiliii. tniiKK Itii 
 viiliih, flltcllilllliwikii' .\'ntluir,ii,. i.xlito, (;hitO 
 Clliilhiii', liu'Ul ,\iliilil, lllltlin t^llliliHil, 
 VlltU AlllH'ilH, llliti /'lll/rlif. 
 
 US!, flk /l<('i((/, ku,/<>/i"iii <' , knuiiKiiy Knvinh, 
 hi //iiliititn. \i>i>i I'liDiiiiir, kiilifkii r/c'i- 
 viiiiii, /.yo Mill/I'll. cliiKMtliii (^((i'A"". erlmii 
 Siiiilli'ii'iiiii), 
 
 »u, kilt ,1''''"'. <'ytf I'iridxiiini, iKJi /t'lifiliiii, 
 o.'i'iia fill" /III , ki A'l'/ i'linn, iiicliJi Knitin/,', 
 tcliM Almlini, cnko />(('•</^(//,sllll^^ni Oiimho, 
 hhaku Mnliiiii/,', ka.«t'liU('lita S'lmu, iiitili 
 Atliiriiiiii. .sffiit Ailiilii, Miyi Aiiii'iiiiiii. cut' 
 
 kii yl '■('«(?. flikha f (Vcdsx/ri/i, kai llituxnu, 
 kobu ./((/i«»('.'»"'i kaMhkci 't'l liuktvlii. imobiKi 
 
 Alilllini, SlMitail llinnll, okllh Miiil>iiii>i, 
 
 ashkaw r//</"/.'". iska ('atiin'lni, ashlial 
 yU<f(iii/i((, zysiiuy Mui/ncii, ocliiija Siiiillni' 
 CKici, I'aoaa /'("/< /c , iiitji'lia Ti liiii/riii, 
 
 buelmoiii! ('iiinriihi, bcpapooali ('niini'lni, 
 (tiiot), liatpusbi A'lililii ■: (toot). Koca Miiiihi'ii, 
 cbltai'hi ,Vi//)(7/'(''"/i" (liii'Di iapKlt l'u<lvlii\ 
 
 onorlacbta Mnlm "■/.■, oogahloKV t '/iiiiil,-i:i\ 
 llaka Aiiiiiiirii, 
 
 lid ^Iccik/, illarguia /tnHiiu', iKalnk Kuilink, 
 ladicha Jliinni, kuiaiuiuaw Mnlmw/,-, lial- 
 hif^ie Mnxhiiini', togidli!!<ht/l'''(''(»;if(, hullasli 
 Mtiriiiiiiii, luillyar ('nrlinii, (|uilla Quirhiin. 
 
 iiiu yl''<"'/, uiuna Kurinli, moi, iiiiyomuka 
 
 Kusci Aiiiiil, akai Jujuniuii; akatisa. A'>" 
 Vliiiii, shall hiiriilnh, (lUCfhtaha Si'nei'u, 
 keekahgoh T/k /•';/,•<«, sikooliiili ('iitnirhn. 
 
 tshnkutslioci Kiiiiiti'liiilhii, tfhiotakik Aleiitmi, 
 liade Niiliilxii, nostahn .VcKrcK. ataii Miii/Hm. 
 
 tzick I'lrriixHiini, chiquia Ituxinw, chiisui 
 Jdliiiiiixc, txhukiidak Kmliiih', tfuheuintin 
 J)iiriitiili, cliutgoosic Muxhiigcc, iscca yli/- 
 miirii, ii'hcai Aluiotiin- agiotco l'uilvhi\ 
 
 sa ^l''<r((/, od.'iiiaKho I'lviuxxinn, huahi Jn/i- 
 iiiuxf, agliia Kiiiliiil.', sthak Alcutnu, icka 
 Hidiitxii, hkaka AIhiiiIhh, teghshu Ifurmh 
 owdhchikea Uitcliitir. ish AtturniKi, tsukas 
 Viiddo. gau Ariiitciiti. 
 
 dzeli Circiixxiiin, tiui ./niniium.-, tanay|^'U<«», 
 tsacli I'llic. ata Muyain, ikita Cnynhiihii. 
 
 jan Uiii(itii', liatiui Jiumnexe, kaangun ^l/''»- 
 ^(»l, iiukhwha Kudiiil;, hongaubooh Ilurnv, 
 niancntha Aiimnrn, in ylnnifvoi, akenec 
 
 aca Afcttd, agho ./niiniieie, haca Ainnnru, 
 
I'.i 
 
 iimiiiii, j'li J„j,„,i. 
 " Mill/'"'!, khnjvi 
 
 ". llllUia Hhhiih, 
 Uiliilmi, tiMlKii l)ti 
 '""•'(//, lohti', t'liiti. 
 
 hlltllll t^llir/,u,l 
 
 ■hr. 
 
 kiiciiBiiy Korlnh, 
 II V"'''^""'.uclmii 
 
 '"". itrli It'iiahvti, 
 ", iiii'liM Kiiiliiil,', 
 /'.sliiitf.'ii Oiiiiilm, 
 !ita Siiiiin, iiitili 
 yi Aiiiriiiiiii. (>iii_. 
 
 "I. kiii //iiHiHd, 
 'liidtvhi. iscliitti 
 ekiih Mil-,/,;,!,,,; 
 'itltni'1,11, iishhat 
 ueliiija Sitiiihi,. 
 
 II I'l liiiilrli,', 
 •ooiili Ciiiinrhii, 
 
 t).KOl!ll, MlUIHOii, 
 
 iiil'Kit I'urlch,.. 
 lloKV Chirith:,-, 
 
 iKillllk Kind.ik, 
 M"/„iw/,; hal- 
 I'lriiim, hullash 
 lllillii Quirhii,!. 
 iioi, iiiiyoinoku 
 
 My excuse tor hunliiiini: tiu.sf! prti^i^s with "-o immy coinp.ira- 
 tive VDCibuhiries is tli.it tliir* !« the only u.i.y in wliich I cwu 
 tuako piitent to tho onliiiiiry stucloiit of t'onipiirntivc philolouy m 
 itH ethnolo«:i('iil coiitioctionH the relations which the various peoph's 
 T have hail in n'vicw sustain to i>iie another. The wliole argu- 
 ment tor a Ilittite population in America turns, first of uH, upon 
 Dr. Ilyih' riarke s icK'ntilieition of the Accadians with tho 
 Kiiita; and, secondly, upon my supposition tiiat tlie Khu[)uskai 
 of Mesopotamia and Armenia were of tho same stock. Be this 
 as it may, I contend tliat there has been established a relation- 
 ship of tho most intimate kind between tho Has((uos of Huropo, 
 tho Nubians of Africa, the (Mrca.ssians, on tho borders of Europe 
 and Asia, tho Karions. the J.ipancso and other Peninsular peoples 
 ni' Asia, tlie Aleutans. KaniaL:nintes (of Kadiak), the Dacotahs, 
 Iroquois, Cherokei'-CIin(;taws. Muyscas, Peruvian ;ind Chilenos 
 of America. Also I hold thit \\w (V'ltic ori>iin of tho African 
 Berbers and Ouanches mikI of the Peruvian Aymaras has been 
 demonstrated. To Dr. Hyde-Clarke belon.n's tho merit of tho 
 discovery whioh bids fair to revolntioni/.o the scionee of ethnol- 
 ogy, a discovery wliich it has bciii a pleasure to me, as a labourer 
 in tlie same field with that accomplished and veteran pliilolou'ist, 
 to confirm by new, :ind, I tru^r. not unimportant, evidence. 
 
 '. iikiiiina Loi> 
 iitalia Sonecii, 
 nil ('(itiiirhii. 
 ti\k\kAle}iti(ii, 
 .11 tan Miijmrii, 
 iii'itw, chiiaai 
 '/'i tticheustin 
 cc, iscca Ai/- 
 
 30 Pui'fvhf. 
 
 It, hoshi Jiijj- 
 Alcutim, ieka 
 ehshu Ifui-on, 
 ifiijKi, tsokas 
 
 tana Akutdu, 
 CiijiHhdbii. 
 nangon Alm- 
 ihoch JIuroii, 
 fin, akenec 
 
 AimiiiiK,