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Las Imagaa suivantas ont 4tA raproduitas avac la plus grand aoin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axampiaira f ilmA, at an conformltA avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axampiairas originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat ImprimAa sont fllmte an comman9Jint par la pramiar plat at an tarmlnant soit par la darnlAra paga qui comports una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, aaion la ces. Tous las autras axampiairas originaux aont filmto an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'Impraaalon ou d'iiluatration at an tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una taiia amprainta. Tha last iscordad frama on aach mict'ofioha ahail contain tha aymbol -^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"!, or tha aymbol T (moaning "END"), whiohavar appliaa. Un daa aymbolas suivants apparaftra sur la darnlAra imaga da chaqua microfiche, salon la caa: la aymbola — »• signlfia "A SUIVRE", la aymbola V aignifia "FIN". Maps, plataa, charta, ate., may ba filmad at dlffarant reduction ratioe. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one expoeure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand eomer, left to right and top to iiottom. aa many framea aa required. The following diagrams llluatrate ttie method: Let cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmAs i des taux da rMuction diffirents. Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atra raproduit en un soul clichA, 11 ast filmA A paruir da Tangle aupAriaur gauche, do gauche A droite, et de haut en bes, en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. Las diagrammas suivants illuatrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i .'vT ;•>•,; Jf • TM&M\ ■j'r The distinguished and zealous ad/ocatoofLheTEMPERANCE CAUSEin CANADA. O'Tom arbrlTeait presented by the Iioic:es of ibrLS^jTiia-]yS3,MbDy LoJ.o.E^.) lll»o;«»r ItC^l.u'r n.ro'.io JB7 ♦' CUALLENQE."—No. 24. A PROHIBITORY LIQUOR LAW FOR UPPER CANADA. DEINQ A BILL FOR AN ACT TO PROHIBIT THE SALE BY RETAIL, &c., WITH REMARKS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS. BY J. J. E. LINTON, (CLERK PEACE CO. PEUTH.) Have they not got enough of our blood." — Hon. M. Cameron. WITH PORTRAIT OF HON. M. CAMERON, M.P.P. ADA. « • • • » TORONTO: PRINTED BY MACLEAR & CO., KING STREET. 1860. The "CBALLvraB," « Tempernnoe Periodical, la publithed occasionally by J. J. B. Lnraoa, Btratfbrd, 0. W. Tht flnt number waa iwued AprU, 18S4. jaui4u„un... .uuvu Stratford, C.W., C/7« Fthrmnj, 1860. Hon. Malcolm Caubron, M.P.P., Dear Sir, Permit me as a small token of friendship, and also of approval of your efforts in the cause of Temperance and Prohibition, to inscribe the following sheets to you. I hope that you will long be preserved to advocate the interests of Canada for its progress in "social advantages :" which in all countries should, I think, have some weight and consideration with legislators, who are entrusted with the fullest powers to consider what are the beat measures for i\iQ public good. I am, dear Sir, Yours sincerely, J. J. E. LINTON. ■HHi CONTENTS. 1. Letter to Hon. M.Cameron, M.P. P 3 2. Prohibition of Retail of Liquors, (circular letter,) with form of Petitions 5 3- An Act to Prohibit the Sale by Retail, &c 7 4. Remarks for a Prohibitory Liqnor Law 11 5. Prohibition not a new Doctrine IG 6. Sumptuary Laws — Right to Prohibit 19 7. Number of places for Retail, &c., in each County in Upper Canada 21 8. Convictions for Offences, &c., County of Perth 22 9. Crime in Toronto 24 10. Crime in Montreal 2C 11. Crime in Quebec and Uamiltoa 26 12. The Support of the Poor in Cities — the License System, &o 27 13. Liquor Manufacture in Toronto, C.W 30 14. Adulterated Liquors 3J 15. Revelations of the Retail Traffic by the Newspaper Press 32 16. Opinions of Medical Gentlemen, Clergymen, &c 32 17. A Dissected Plague Spot, (New York) 35 IS. Presentments by Grand Juries 36 19. Intoxicating Liquors, (Circular) from Warden of County of Perth, June 1859, and By-Law for "Preservation of Public Morals." 37 20. Report of Committee of Council of County of Simcoe, as to County of Perth Circular 38 21. Petition for a Prohibitory Liquor Law by Council of do 89 22. Incentives to Temperance friends : — A. Temperance papers — Circulation 40 B. He is no Temperance Man, dec 41 C. Laziness of Temperance friends 42 D. Ear^ Developments of Temperance Cause, &c 44 23. Samples of Advertisements of Sales of Liquors 45 24. Adulteraiion of Liquors— Dr. Hiram Cox's letter of date 3rd Oct., 1859 45 PROHIBITION OF RETAIL OF LIQUORS. s 6 7 11 16 19 21 22 24 20 26 27 30 3J 32 32 35 30 38 89 40 41 42 44 45 fi-^ [CIRCULAR.} Stratford, C.W., Qth February, 1860. Sir, I crave your help and assistance to promote the passing, in Provincial Parliament, a law the same as, or similar to, the subjoined Bill. On an inspection of the bill, it will at once be seen that it deals only with the trade or traffic in Intoxicating Liquors, so far only as the Retail is concerned. The present laws of the Province as to the manufacture, importation and exportation, and the wholesale of said liquors, are not touched. The writer considers — others consider — and he hopes to have shewn by the subjoined papers, that the evils, as the results which flow from the trade and traffic, are connected with the retail ; so much so, as to induce an expectation that that portion, at least, of the trade will be legislated upon and restrained — excepting for medicinal, chemical, mechanical, and sacramental purposes. Having this hope — and also retrospectively considering the measure as to the restraint on the sale of liquors, from Saturday night till Mon- day morning, which twelve months ago I laid before the public, and which was ultimately, with improved amendments, passed by the Legis- lature on 26th March last, the Act 22 Vic. cap. 6,f-having this hope, the writer expects that petitions in favor of the subjoined bill will |be prepared and presented to Parliament. A form of petition to both Houses of Parliament is subjoined. Your very obedient Servant, J. J. E. LINTON, Clerk of the Peace, Co. of Perth. To the Lejjislative Assemhly of the Province of Canada, The Petition of the undersigned, Inhabitants of • Humbly sheweth,— That your petitioners crave your Honourable House to pass and sanction a measure, as a law of this Upper Province, for a Prohibition and restraint on the retail sale and traffic in Intoxicating drinks, except for medicinal, chemical, mechanical, ".nd sacramental purposes. And your Peti* ticners vrill ever pray. Dated at To tht iTonourable the Legislative Council of the Pfovince of Canada, The Petition of the undersigned, Ir>.habita3t3 of — Humbly sheweth, — That your petitioners crave your Honourable House to pass and sanotlou a measure, as a law of this Upper Province, for a Prohibition and restraint on the retail sale and traAe in Intoxicating drinks, except for medicinal, chemical, mechanical, and sacramental purposes. And your petl>- tloners will ever praj. Dated at- PROHIBITORY BILL. An Act to Prohibit the SaL oy Retail of Spiriiuoua and Fermented Liquors, within that part of the Province called Upper Canada, Wheebas it is provided by Section 245, Subsection 6, of the Act passed in the twenty -second year of Her Majesty's reign, chapter ninety-nine, intituled An Act respecting the Municipal Institutions of Upper Canada, thtt the sale by re- tail of sprituous and fermented liquors in any Inn or other house of public enter- tainment, and in shops and places other than houses of public entertainment, in every Township, City, Town and Incorporated Village in Upper Canada, may by a By-Law, be prohibited, provided before the final passing of such By-Law the same has been duly approved by the Electors of the Municipality ; and whereas it has been found inconvenient and of doubtful accomplishment for universal purposes, the passing of such By-Laws,— Therefore, Her Mojesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Assembly of Canada, enacts as follows : — 1. That within the limits of each Municipality of every Township, Incorpor- ated Village, Xpwn and City in Upper Canada, there shall not be (except- ing as in this Act excepted) from and after the passing ui this act, any sale by retail of any spirituous or fermented Liquors, in any Inn o." other house of public entertainment, or in any shop or place, other than houses of public entertain- ment ; Provided hereby, that any sale by retail of said Liquors, not herein in this Act excepted and provided for, shall be illegal, and shi^U be punishable, as hereinafter enacted : — 2. That there shall be saved and excepted from the operation of the preceding section, the rights and privileges by the licenses which are or may be issued on behalf of each of the said Municipalities, until the expiry of the period for which these licenses respectively were issued, — and also there shall be saved and excepted as said is, the sale of said liquors, as herein in the next section of this Act provided for, for medicinal, chemical and mechanical, or wine for sacramental purposes, — pud for such purposes the order, certificate or requisition, signed by a licensed medical practitioner, or sig. ad by the Mayor, or a Justice of the Peace of any City or Town, or by a Justice of the Peace of the County wherein either of the aforesaid Municipalities shall be, or by a Reeve, or Deputy Reeve in such County, or by any three rate-payers of either nf said Municipali- ties wherein the vendor after tnentioned shall be licensed, or in the case of sacramental purposes, an order, certificate, or requisition, signed by the clergy- man of the church, meetinghouse, or place of worship, where the same may be required, shall be required to be produced and delivered by the vendeo or his agent to the licensed vender or bis agent. 8. That for the purpose of providing for the sale by retail of said liquors for the aforesaid purposes, each of the said Municipalitlea by the respective councils vhereof, shall have Ibe power, and they are hereby authorised to grant a license or licenses available within the limits of each of their said Municipalities, to any Eierson or persons, he or they being freeholders in the County where such license B granted, (who may be known as the licensed vender or venders,) for the sale by retail of said liquors for the aforesaid purposes ; provided hereby that there ahall only be one such license, and one place for the sale by retail of said liquors, for any number of inhabitants in any munioipality, not exceeding two tliouaand, and for every two thousand inhabitants or pa>-t of two thousand Inhabitants over and above the first two thousand, one license and one such place : each such lioense to be for one year, said year to end on the last day of February in each and every year ; and for each of such licenses the said municipality shall be entitled to demand, and to receive, and to apply for corporation purposee as by 8 !il law provided, any sum not less than twenty-five dollars, nor more than sight hundred dollars, the same to be inclusive of the dutypayabls under the Imperial statute referred to in the Act cited in the preamble hereof, but exclusive of the sum payable to the Province, in conformity with the present laws thereof ; and provided also that each of said Municipalities shall have power by By-Law to fix the amount payable for each such license in conformity with the pro- visions in this Act contained, and also to decide on the person or persons, he or they being freeholders in the County where such license is granted, to whom said license shall be given, and also shall have power by said By-Law to make restrictions cr rules as to the character and standing of the said person "r per- sons ; but no act by either of said Municipalities to be done, shall be conti n ■ y to, and if so done contrary, shall not affect or annul the enactments and provisions of this Act. 4. That it shall be lawful for the said medicinal and sacramental purposes, to sell as said is the said liquors on any day ; provided hereby, that said liquors or any of them allowed to be sold by this Act, shall not be used for drinking pur- poses as a beverage, nor shall they or any of them be consumed or drunk, on the place or premises of the vender or bis agent where sold ; and also provided, that such place or premises shall not be in, or attached to, any store or shop, saloon, eating-house, house of entertainment, inn, hotel, tavern, or place, where by law the said liquors now are, or hitherto have been allowed to bo manufac- tured or sold. 5. That the said licensed vender or his agent, shall keep a book, and shall therein enter and record each sale made, and shall for each such sale enter and record the same by entering and recording in said boo\, the name of the vendee ur his agent, the name or names signed to and the date of said order, certificate or requisition, the date of sale, the quantity sold, the kind or quality and name of said liquors so sold, the purpose for which the same is so sold, and the price or sum so paid by the vendee or his agent therefor, according as nearly as may he to the form set forth in schedule A to this Act subjoined ; and shall also keep and retain the said order, certificate or requisition, for at least one month after the date of said entry ; and any rate-payer of the municipality wherein said vender or his agent shall so sell, shall bo entitled and have the right and privilege on any lawful day, during the hours of the ordinary business of said vender or his agent, to inspect said book and also the said order, certificate, or requisition, and to make therefrom any extracts, on paying to said vender or his agent for said inspection and making said extracts tue sum of ten cents ; and each ono of the said licensed venders or his agent, shall on the first Monday of the month after he commences to sell, deposit a copy duly certified as " a true copy," of the entries in said book up to the date of said first Monday, and shall thereafter deposit on each succeeding first Monday of each sucooeding month, for the time while said license continues, a copy duly certified as " a true copy," nf the entries in said book, from the time when so previously made, up to the date of said laet mentioned first Monday, with the clerk of the Municipality which granted said vender the license ; and all sales made by said vender or his agent, phall be for cash and not on credit. 6. That any person or persons or body, who shall be found by himself, or herself, or themselves, or itself, or his, her, or their, or its, ter rants, ogents, or tenants, to have contravened or violated at any time or place the first enactment and the provisions in the fourth enactment in this Act contained, or any part thereof, the same shall be considered as an offence against this Act, and shall pay fur said offence a fine of not less than fifty dollars, with costs, in case of conviction, and the said fine and oostE when not paid, shall be recoverable from and leviable against the goods and chattels of the person or persons oonvictod ; and upon a o«r*,ifloate on oath by the constable or other legal officer, that there is no sufficient distress to bo found and to be levied upon belonging to the per- son or persons bo oonvicted, the said person or persons so convicted shall be im- prisoned in the common gaol of the county wherein the said offence may have been made, for the space of one month, with hard labor, unless the said fine and costs and costs of imprisonment, be sooner paid, — and in the case of refusal or n on-com- pliance, by the vender or his agent to keep said book, or to enter and record the said sales therein, or to deposit the copy or copies of the entries, or to allow the inspection or the extracts to be made, all as provided for in the fifth section of this Act, the person or persons so refusing or non-complying shall be considered as offending against this Act, and shall for each case of refusal or non-compli- ance, be liable to pay a fine of not less than twenty-dcllars, to be prosecuted for, and to be recoverable, and imprisonment therefor for one month to be made in the same way and manner as is provided for in this section as to other offences and fines ; and it is hereby enacted that convictions when made, shall not relievo the person or persons convicted, of the liability to be prosecuted for a misde- meanor under this Act, if amenable to be so prosecuted ; and that convictions for several said offences against this Act, may be made under this Act although such several offences may have been committed in the same day. 7. Any person or persons may bo the informant or informants, complainant or complainants, in prosecuting under this Act, — all proceedings shall be begun within twenty days from the date of the offence, all informations, complaints, or other necessary proceedings may be brought and heard before any one or more Justices of the Peace of the County, Mayor, or Police Magistrate, or Justice of the Peace of a town or city. Reeve, or Deputy Reeve, where the offence or offences were committed or done, and the mode of proceduie in, and the forms appended to, the Act sixteenth Victoria, chapter one hundred and seventy-eight, for summary proceedings, may be followed as regards the cases and proceedings under this Act. 8. The said fines or any portion of them which may be recovered, sha'l bo paid to the convicting Justice, Mayor, Police Magistrate, Reeve or Deputy Reeve, or other acting Justice in the case, and by him paid equally, one half to the in- formant or complainant, and the other half to the treasurer of the Municipality where the said offence or offences were cammittod or done. 9 The word '* Liquors" in this Act mentioned, shall be understood to compre- hend and mean ail malt liquors, and all liquors and combinations of liquors, or drinks used as drinking beverages, which are intoxicating. 10. That any knowingly false pretence or false statements or representation done or made, and whether knowingly done or jaade in writing or verbally, by the vender or his agent, vendee or his ngont, or by any person or persons, of body, or his, her, or their or itu 6ervant», agents or tenants, in and as respects the selling and buying, obtaining or procuring the liquors specified in this Act, and as allowed to be vended and sold as in this Act provided, shall be considered as a misdemeanor, and shall be dealt with according to law. 11. All provisions in any Acts relative to the sale by retail of said liquors in that part of the Province called Upper Canada, inconsistent with the provislont- of this Act, are hereby rej>ealod. 12. This Act shall apply to Upper Canada only. 10 t o CI o •^ EH ^ -a o V s c s s ng independent, professional and commercial men, a» there is among tbe working classes, making due allowance for the diflerence in numbers. And this is by no means a matter of surprise. Strong drink will produce tbe same effects on tbe rich as on the poor ; and while the common publio house is open as a trap for the one class, the splendid hotel stands open as a trap for the other class. And thfn the public house is also a school of prO' fligacy. Drunkenness and other bad habits generally go together. The lessons learned at the drunkery never tend towards anything good. And when lurgo Bumber.'4 of tbe population acquire drunken and profligate habits, sad and calum- itous must be the results ; and let it be borne in mind, that in proportion as drunkeries are licensed and supported by tbe State, in the same proportion will drunkenness and profligacy bo fuuud to prevail. 4. The next position taken is, that the contributions paid by these infamous re- tesset, and the revenue raised by this destructive traffic, are considerations highly unworthy the attention of Parliament, when compared with the extensive evils thence arising. What is the fifteen millions of revenue now annually raised when placed in comparison with tbe health, happiness, and morality of the people ? It ought not for one moment to be thought of. But, then, this fifteen millions need not be lost to tbe Government after all. What would tbe payment of fifteen mil- lions revenue be t* a people sober and industrious, and freed from tbe bondage and slavery of drink ? A mere nothing I Why, they might take fifteen millions out of the sixty millions now spent in drink to pay it, and then there would be forty-five millions saved. And then the sixty millions now sacrificed in connec- tion with drink, through loss of time, destruction of property, &o., would be laved as well ; and then the millions more that are now spent on pauperism, insanity, and crime, produced by drink, would be saved in addition. We really don't know how rich the people of this country might become, and what resources the Government might be able to command, if it were not for this blighting and irithering trnfto in our midst. And yet, strange to say, oimt rulers don't per- eeive this ; or, if they pereeive it, they have not tbe necessary moral principle or moral courage to attempt a change. 6. The last position taken is that, even if the revenue now raised could be raised by no other means, that would not palliate the having reeourte to a supply grounded 19 Eion rf slvee— • Qor fit le than iperate koliiicol )t only tildren, lid with Judges leinous, ider the ribed in lumerUa- nkennett umber of f. There era ; but otel may It if the I ia often ere is as men, a» ereiioe in Irink will I common inds open jol of pro- he lesBonft hen lurgo Ind calivm- jortion as irtion will on the indulgence of debauchery, the encouragement of crime, and the destruction- of the human race. Better that the revenue should sink, and the Qovemment sink with it, than' the flood gates of drunksnness, and vice, and immorality should be let loose upon the land 1 Government, we know, is necessary ; but then Government ought not to be supported by the vices of the people ; on the contrary. Government should do its utmost to suppress those vices. Government has no more right to do evil that good may come than an individual has, and therefore nothing can justify the raising of any p^rt of the national revenue as the result of national drunkenness. If the guin derived from the liquor traffic is immoral gain, then the part of that gain that goes into the national exchequer is as much immoral as the part that goes into the coffers of the publican, and tho curse of God is as certainly upon it ! We hold that it would be a disgrace, under any circum- stances, for the Government to derive any part of its revenue from such a source- as the liquor traffic; but doubly deep is the disgrace when it is known that the revenue conid be supported better without that traffic than with it ; and that, so- far from being helpful to the State, its tendency in a thousand forms is to crip- ple, and injure, and destroy ! In conclusion, we ask— Were not the views of those bishops and noble lords just as to this matter, and have not their fearful forebodings as to coming evil been fully realized 1 How strange that the light then vouchsafed should have become so far obscured as that nearly a hundred years should pass away before the Temperance Reformation, the special object of which was to counteract this evil, was commenced ! However, let us be thankful that the light has agaiU' dawned, that the work has commenced now, that it has proved so far successful and that it is our privilege to take part in the glorious struggle ! J. P. U. [Tho above will likely be found as sound a constitutional document aS' has been issued on the subject, and withal in a small compass.] SUMPTUARY LAWS.— RIGHT TO PlvOHIBIT. (bxteacts.) " Why should we temperance men interefere with our tumptuary rights f" This is a kind of ammnnition commonly used by those who oppose the advocates of temperance and prohibitive and restrictive principles, forgetting, a mo»>)t material forgetfulnrss, that the rights of man, as a human being, individually, when he is a *'lone" man, in a ^'lone" place or district, are altogether different in their appliance, than when that same man, is in, and amidst, and forms part of, a congregated mass of human beings, each one of which like himself, has rights. Plant a man on tho Sahara desert, or on the sandy plains of Mexico, or in the midst of a prairie of the west, "where the wild Buffalo roam," and his rights there, which he can exercise and so likely without injury to another, none daring to oppose, thwart, or divert them, — will oe somewhat diverse from the dting or exercising of the same rights, on King Street, Toronto, or Great St. James Street, or McGill Street, or Papineau Square, or Place de Armes in Montreal. Why? Just imagine what rights, a human being can without molestation and without., injury to anything around him, exercise in the desert places alluded to, — and see him exercise the same on the streets or squares above named. " A Hindoo ha'* or had a right, truly,^ to immolate and make burn to a crisp or to ashes, the widow of a deceased Hindo, or to throw a smiling babe, per- haps just ushered into life, — into the river Ganges. And this simile founded on the facts and acts of other peoples, may be extended indefinitely. But let any one immolate s widow by fire on the streets or squares above named, or openly; m ,;»! I ill 20 itbrow a babe into the Bny in Toronto, or into the flowing stream of the St. Lawrence from one of the wharves at Montreal, and what would be done, what be obliged to prove, that the table I am now writing at, which is a square one, is not a round one I The thing is too feeble, too idiotic, to be thought of. But, observe, my dear sir, that philosophically, a man's prepossessions sometimes cause him to act idiotically I " Ail to perbonal ambition or solflsh-ends which I may have. Whew ! I have attained to the summit of my ambition hero below, namely,— the power to do some good, — and again, as my income is derived, as Clerk of the Peace of this County, /rom /cm, and not salary, (the fees are not large by any means as the C Pence T iritf will show) and these fees besides are pretty much annihilatol, in regard of a respectable and responsible office by the various changes in our laws, — and when you know (as you do) that these fees are greatly increased by petty and larger crimes,— and these crimes again are so increased (as above briefly referred to) by the public retail sale and traffic of intnxijating drinks, — and 1 am an advocate (and I hope a keen and a just one) for the doing away with that retailmU, thereby, as it were, "quirrelling with mvbreail and butter," am I itelfii^h? Recollect that noble centimont of a late British legislate , which h<> uttered in the House of Common^ and which is engraven on his tomb, the late Mr. I3rothertoD, .M.P.,— " my wealth does not consist In the vastness of my jiosBessionv, but in tke/twnest of my wants!" J. J. E. L. n NUMBER OF PLACES FOU RETAIL OF LIQUORS, &c., LV EACH COUNTY IN UPPER CANADA. COST OF ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, ^c. pover- They i The population of the County of Perth in 1859, is believed to be 33 166 as nearly as can be ascertained by the writer (see statistics in Examiner and Beacon, Stratford newspapers, November, 1859) ; and the number of places in the Count// where Intoxicating drinks are sold is reckoned about 200,* — fo, take the population of any one of the Counties in Upper Canada, 43 in number, and s«?/, — as the population of the County of Perth being 33,00J produces 200 places ot retail, what will (say county of York, or Ontario, or Peel, or Glengarry, or Lanark) population being (say the amount) produce ? What an appalling number in the aggregate of all the counties ia Upper Canada will bo the total result ! But the proportion, when closely analysed, will be found to be greater in villages, towns and ciiies, than in the rural disUicts, ui the propord'on of the jiopnfation. For instance : — in Toronto (population, say 50,000) the proportion will likely be one liquor /jA/'c to each 125 inhabitants, young and old : in St Mary's, (county of Perth) population 2,000, about one to each 40 inhabitants, and in Stratford, population about 3,000, about one to each 70. But for a tjeneral approximation, the plan above alluded to, might bo safely followed for u basis, and it is believed would not be an over, but an under estimate. Again,— if the fij^^ra^e charge for a retail license in Upper Canada be say $28, (in towns and cities will likely bo more, but such would not affect the aggregate), the aggregate value to each county may be approached. Then estimate the expenccs and charges in each county for a proportion of interest on cost of Gaol, Gaolers and Turnkeys salaries, thoriff's fees, Constables, Magistrates, (petty cases) (^lerk of Peace fees, County Attor'ioy, Queen's Counsel, Jurors, Boaiding Pri- Boiiers (eriminal and lunatic). Firewood, &c. &e., and t\\Qjiiie», — and the time wjsted, for which in so many instances there is no remunera- tion. And whiit shall be said as to a proportion of the Judge's salaries, Recorder's, Police Magistrates, &c. ? E. L. * The population in luly, 18^3, wlicn wo emiRrathd to it. tlion n "wiMer- ne98," wna nbout 2n(), himI nIx Btoppiiij? places there were tlu'ii ti>r truvcllcni •ml Piiiigrnnto, where IntoxioHting ilrinkH were furuislieJ. In 1850, in St. Mury'Hiiiul Sirnif.ird iiloiie, in tlii-* county, tliero were ntmut 100 1 St. Mnry'i hud over no, Sirntloid Q»er 40. Wo li»id the honor in 1849, in Montrenl. of namiiij/ tins county, which we did tit'ter iho county in Scotlund the tirst settlers cnm • from. They setilod in Norlli lvi»thopo. Wo noted m delegnto for Jin- ob- tninin)? the bepiiniiion of thix dititriot of country from tho county of Huron. Wo were also in filtcndtuice iit Parliumont aa a delegalo II. 1817, fur the onu* purpuBC, but did not then Bucoeed. ! i '^i h 22 Is there a profit in a money or cash value, crediting the receipts for Hcensea payable to the municipalities and debiting the costs, as above, attendant on the offences, crimes, &c , which latter are the results (say as 18 cases out of 20) of the liquor trade and traffic ? Is there a profit, when to the debit side are also to be carried the poverty, temporal losses, miseries, widowhoods, orphanages, offences, crimes, sabbath desecration, cursing and swearing, drunkenness and tippling, whoremongery, prostitution, &c. ? Is there a profit? Let it appear. We have not hinted ns fo moral hindrances. Is there a re»pnm!bilif(/ applicable to those who compose majorities in councils and legislative halls, who plant with a parasitical influence the things which so vividly are seen to bring on the woes, destitutions, offences, crimes, &c., in our noble Province, which are at- tributable to the retail tnAc in intoxicating drinks. 20tJi January, 1860. CONVICTIONS FOR OFFENCES, &c., COUNTY OP PERTH. We have it in our power to state the number of convictions for offences, &o , being the petty cases before magistrates from the time (January, 18551), when this county was finally sot apart from the coun- ty of Huron, but we content ourselves with an abstract of, say the last two years. The returns are publi-shed quarterly by the Clerk of the Peace. For quarter, or 90 days ending, March, 1858 102 " " June, " 173 « " Sept. " 183 « " Doc. " 138 « « March, 1859 95 « •< Juno " 150 «« •♦ Sept. '• 87 " «' Deo. " 139 10G7 Wc have no hesitation in stating, as a public officer, that if the induce mcnis and temptations of the common public retail of spirituous and otiicr intoxicating drinks were removed, there would nut bo the same Dumber of offences, ^o. There are, no doubt, eases for recovery of wages included in tho above abstract, but as a whulc, tiiy oxperioiicc lead^ mo to state jxisifinfy AS to the vaiinrn of offences, «kc , being in the unnecofsary publiu temp- tationu to drink, and the proportion of «u(7i cuses is ubout 17 to 18 out of every 20 cases. 2S A^ain in the above convictions are not included the eases tried before the Quarter Sessions or the Assize? ; and the observation and experience of observing persons will show how many of such cases ar'*(.'/'//, as a substitute " for the porformanoe of duO/. They were pre-eminently the pious ^' people of their ago and nation. The sabbaths, prayers, fusts, bap- *' tisins and other ritual observances, by a punctilious devotion to which *' thoy distinguished themselves, were all commanded in their law, yet *' thcMc, as well as the oppression and extortion which they practised, " appear conspicuously as counts in the indiotment bronght by our " Saviour asmnst them. The same vice exists, and just as conspiuuous- ** ly. among the same class of people amongst us now. The di p! ly of *' pi'.ity, by tulf alone, as a suhstitiite/or the pcrfnrmnnie o/Uufj/, il " not only pnictised but inculcated, apparently to an observer, f' r the " purpose of opposing or passing by, the most uigcntly needed reforms." 25//* January, 1860. 1^ 1" I! ill liii 34 CRIME IN TORONTO. ABSTRACT FROM THE STATISTICAL REPORT OF CRIMK IN THE CITY OF TORONTO', DURING THE YBiR 1859. Number of offenders apprehended and brought beCbre the Police Magistrate upon the following charges: — Outting and wounding, 6 males; highway robbery, 14 males ; housebreaking, 15 males; aison^ 9 males, 2 females; passing counterfeit money, 13 males, 4 females; obtaining goods under f.ilse pretenses, 8 males, 9 females ; cattle steal- ing, 8 males; gambling, 8 males; rape, 4; receiving stolen goods, 1& males, 21 females; forgery, 11 males, 4 females; compounding felony^ 1 male ; larceny, or suspicion of larceny, 484 males, 207 females, 4() boys; assault, 898 males, 55 females; assaulting poKce, 23 males: drunk and disorderly, 1,201 males, 954 females, 117 boys; indecem, exposure, 4 males; keeping disorderly house or found in them, 80' males, 74 females; child desertion, 6 females, ; selling spirits without license, &c., 72 males, 9 females; breach of city law, 351 males, 29 females ; threatening, 77 males, 50 females; carrying or selling unlawful weapons, 7 niales, 1 female; trespass, 70 males, 28 females; keeping dangerous dogs, 21 males; cruelty to animals, 12 malos ; contempt of court, 10 males; furious driving, 8 males; dci^crting employment, 15 niales; non-paymeut of wages, 35 males. Total, 2,918 males, 1,518 femahs, 157 boys, (40 arrested for larceny or on suspicion, and 117 for drunkoiino.«8, or other disorderly conduct, — in all, 157 boys.) Grand total, 4,593. now DISPOSED OF. 1 These were disposed of in the following manner: — Corainitted to goal for one month or under, 375 males, 718 females. Committed to gaol for six months or under, 04 males, 45 females. Fined or impri- soned, 723 mules, 88 females. Summarily punished by lines, 333 males, 15 females; committed for trial, G6 males, 15 females. Il^und over to keep the peace, G3 males, 30 females. Committed in default of sureties, 28 males, 17 females, llcniandcd, 561 niales, 2l!3 feuialesv Dismissed, 123 males, 27 females, ('hargcs withdrawn, 20G malos^ 27 females. Prisoucra discharged, 558 mules, 28G females. NATIVE COUNTRIES OP rUISONERS. Of the prisoners 1,707 u)ales, and 1,175 fei'jales were Irish ; 45& males, 155 females were Canadian ; 378 males, and 73 tcntnlus wore Etiglinh ; 142 mules, and 25 females wore Scotch; 05 iiiiilcs, and V,l femulcs were Americans; 43 nia'es, ntid 7 femnles were (jlernmns; 103 males, and 14 females were culuunid; 177 luulus, aud 31 females were firom other oountrlcs. AGES OP phtsonehs. From ten to fifteen years, 117 niales and 7 females; from fifteen to twenty years, 225 males and 08 fumules ; frk^m twenty to thirty, 89(> 25 let 45& wore H were "ceil to BOG males and 637 females ; from thirty to forty, 861] males and 374 females ; from forty to fifty, 720 males and 219 females ; from fifty to sixty, 196 males and 159 females; from sixty to seventy, 54 males and 23 females j from seventy to eighty, 4 males and 1 female. NUMBER OP CONVICTIONS. Of the male prisoners 59 have been confined twice; 72 three times; 23 four times : 11 five times ; 18 six times ; 2 seven times ; 1 ten times, and 1 eleven times during the year. Of the female prisoners, 85 have been confined twice; 39 three times* 24 four times; 30 five times; 18 six times; 24 seven times; 15 ei"ht times; 5 nine times; 1 ten times; and 1 eleven times during the year." The above abstract of crime in Toronto cify appeared in the two city newspapers, the Globe and the Lfm/er, 16th and 17th January, 1800, and any reader of these two well edited papers, cannot fail, in the course of investigation for a period, to see in the records given, the close con- nection between offences, crimes, follies, destitutions, &c ,and the retail trade in liquors. 'J he evidence is beyond cavil ; and if other news- papers are consulted in the various counties, the results of investigation will be the same. The "anxiety" of temperance and prohibition advo- cates, in producing proof, is not met with an equal frankness by their opponents, who are ever over-carvj'ul for a reform, and very ecououiical in their *' admissions I" How many of the cases of the above abstracted 4,593 cases for 1859 will be found closely, indirectly, and remotely, allied to the trade io liquors ? Again, in a separate table in the Lca
o given, and tho degree of education : there being of the latter ()84 could lu'ither read nor write; 572 could read only; 783 could read and write imper- fectly; 40 males could read and write well, and 6 of a superior oduca- tion. As " drunk and disorderly," there are 724 males, and 805 Couialcs (15*29;. It is added, "Of tho female prisoners thorn woro married, 152; widows, 30; servants, 110; and prostitutes, 6711" Tho popula- tion of Toronto is about 50,000. We ask, what intluonoo or connection had the liquor trade or traOio in ToruDto with uU thoso ca8cs t l: P I i:i 26 CRIME IN MONTREAL. (From (he Family Herald, 25, of the poverty in our midst? The answer is on the tongue of every thinking person. The low (jIboo Shops, Obocubiks, and Saloons that meet the eye in dozens, on all of our cornurs, up and down our best and worst streets. Every vicinity, the most se- cluded Mtreets in the far-off suburbs, and the best streets an'i busiest thorough- fares, equally swarm with tippling bar-rooms, or little grocerius, where they sell a quarter of a pound of tea ur sugar, and a gallon of whiskey or bkkr. These buck street groceries or saloons, are the resort of the poor man or his wife. Did I say his wife? Alas! that it is so: for there are too many instances in our midut of drunken wives Hither the labouring men go after their day's work, or thither they send their little children, to purchase by the quart what breeds quar- rels iu their families, causes diseases and weakness, and ultimately poverty and deii th. The debauch of the previous night unfits the man for work and disarranges his family ntfairs, demoralizes his children, and, too often, causes the laboring man to lose his place. He becomes idle or sick, his wife follows his example, and the poor family, once comparatively happy, is turned into a scene of misery and Kquulid poverty. The children go round the streets to beg— the daughters flgiire in tl e Brook's Bush gang— Stanley-street rows, or fill up the beastly scentP, alas, poor women 1 of our Police Court. C«n there be anything to the human heart more pitiable than to see the many fallen and drunken females who, from week to week, infest our Police Court! The poor man drinks. He sptMuls his pennies, that should go for bread or meat, in the low saloon : he in- jures his hualth: his wife and children ultimately follow his example, or, hav- ing no one to provide for them, become beggars. Let us but examine more than half the bcjrgars who come to our doors, and we see immediately the cause of their dt-grmlation. Lfit us watch the Police Courts, and examine into the cause of tlio quarrels and ilixputes that arise in our city — what is it? I need not here Sir, alluilu t'» the quarterly presentments of grand juriet — to the addresses of juiljfi'M from the bunch, to the calendars of our gaol— for they all teem with proofs that tho Itetmt tystevt is the great curse of the age in which we live. :^ :i;!iti '§ r V' . Hi? 1:1 28 Then the cau^e of the poverty in our city in a great measure is traceable to the unchriatian and inhuman system of allowing so many liquor-selling groceries and saloons to infest our city. The benevolent societies in our midst, our Mug- dnlen Home, Orphans' Home, Pnor House, G:ioI Board, the funds of all our national Hocieties, are more or less drained and squandered in counteracting the effects on society of the deadly poison of liquor-selling and tippling ! The generous and humane are called upon thus against their will indirectly to sustain the beastly resorts of the low liquor- venders. Now, if the commu- nity t« onh/ manhf and bold enough to face this evil, we can soon abate much of our poverty and beggary. I 8CP that you say in your issue < ' the 30th December, that the number of inns or saloons licensed in 1859 is mu^ii smaller than that of 1858. Let the year 1860 see a much greater reduction. Where there are now three licenses given, let but one be issued ; and so year after year reduce the number until we have a sober and quiet community. Let us have the houi^es of the poor, if they be humble, the abodes of quietness, sobriety, and Christian feeliug. It is no disgtace to be poor. The eye of God is ever on the struggling and deserving poor, and lie will secretly provide f-^r their wants. But, if to poverty the poor man or woman adds drunkenness, profanity and crime — oh, how fallen ! Yet even for them society must care. Our city of Toronto is but a larger example of other Canadian towns and cities— M-mtreal and Quebec are counterparts of our community The citizens of Toronto were lately in the midst of their civic elections, but I fear omitted to voto for the men who would try to abate the license sj stem. Those returned as civic members are generally favourable to the system ; we must, then, rely upon private effort. We profess to be a Chris- tian community, our city is full of elegant churches, with large and attentive audiences, where the blessed precepts of the Redeemer of the world are ably preached — we profess to belitve as a people that the human soul is of immortal value, destined to live for ever ; yet I fear we rend day after day with too little feeling of the most heart-rending deaths, sadden and unprepared for in our mid-t, the effects of drunkenne-a. A Coroner calls a jury on the death of some poor female or man found dead, the victim of intemperance ; it is passed over, and no more is thought of it, until some other sad tale again awakens a sympa- thising sigh. Do Christian ministers feel their responsibiltly on the subject of the drinking usages of society? Are they awake to this evil in our city and in all cities ? I feir not, or more active measures would be taken to put it duwn. — According to their doctrines, every soul that dies is of inestimable value ; and we are very t>lain1y told that the drunkard cannot inherit eternal life. The watchmen of Zion's glory should battle everywhere against this evil as the great power of Sutan on earth. They profess to believe in the spirit power of Satan to An evil ; let ministers of religion behold the thousands of tombs that fill our land, in which rest the dust of the poor inebriate ! The three great evils of modern society are the licensing of taverns, in which poisonous liquors are sold ; the debasement of women in our great citits, which ia to A certain extent caused by the fir.st, — and the gaming-table. The three are inseparable companions, and are deadly foes to Cliristian progress — to hopes of happiness beyond the grave. They are the deadliest foes to human pruspe- rity, ever lookini^ at human society with the eye of. a 8>idiluceo. If we strike down the first, the great upas tree of intemperance, the roots that lie under it and are nnnrislipd by it will in due time die too, or at least will vanibh beneath the effulgence of Christian truth and benevolence. C. M. D. Toronto, Jan. 21, 18G0. Tho above letter appeared in the Toronto Globe of the 27th January, and we would try tn draw sotiic uttcniion to the stuteincntH in it, We hope there is not a thinking luuo ur woman in Canada, but will euho the i 29 desires and the facts of this humane writer. And if we look to the social state of our Towns and Incorporated Villages, we will find the statements, in their degree, applicable to them as well as to the Cities. Such statements cannot be gainsayed. "We need cot dilate. We had intended to have at some length re- ferred to the very subject embraced in the above letter. We have observed it while preparing these sheets, and we gladly avail ourselves of its just views. We have only from all our observations and facts, to endorse the humane writer's appeals. We had observed a good article in the Glohe on the subject of Be- nevolence and the Poor; and also, that the Rev. Dr. Willis, Rev. Mr. Hope, also Rev. Dr. Fyfe, all of Toronto, have alluded to the subject impressively enough, but excepting the latter reverend gentleman, there has been no sufficient allusion to what we would call the marrow of the matter, till the above letter of C M. D. appeared. Dr. Fyfe very just- ly remarks as follows, as regards the eflfects of the liquor traffic in crea- tmq the poor : — " I have another objection to a legal provision, in " which, perhaps, a greater number of benevolent people in this city " sympathise with me. I object to making legal provision for the poor " in Toronto, whilst legal permission for the manufacture of four-filths " of all the poor in Toronto is continued. The city derives a revenue " from the process by which the majority of the poor are brought into " esis.'ence. And it seems nothing more than fair for us in the city to " say, if you wish to tax us to support the poor, then cease manufac- " turingthera with your saloons and grog shops, or else apply the pro- " ceeds of your tavern licenses to help the families of those who spend " their all in such places. I say nothing now of the heavy tax imposed " upon the citizens of Toronto to support Police Courts, Law, &o., di- " rectly required as the result of the drinking protected and fostered " by the municipal law; but I merely object to have a tax to support " the poor, also chiefly made by the same means." We might differ with Dr. Fjfe as to a legal provision for the poor. The IVlunicipal Act of 22 Vic. cap. 99. (1858) has provided for the wants of the ne- cessitous poor, if it would be acted upon. The' poor ought to be pro- vided for, be the way what it may, but let all generous and humane hearts work and labour to reduce the causes which create poverty. We might refer to as good and as high an authority as is in Canada, the Hon. G. W. Allan, M. L. C, of Toronto, and his ezpericnce, we are certain, will show that there are causes in our midst, of man's own creating, which rear up a large proportion of the poor and destitute cases which seek relief We have before us the Report of the Protes- tant Magdalen Asylum of Montreal, (see Witness of 25th January) and in it there is evidence of what that causes, which thoughtless man creates. Let us examine all the Reports of our Benevolent Institutions and Societies, and in the cases whicn form the pious and humane care of their managers and visitors, we shall see the fruits of what " man creates." The evidence to bo brought forward from all these sources, besides what is produced in the Police and Recorders Courts, Quarter Sessions and Assizes, all such is overwhelming. We are blind. f\\ 30 ! '! We can only refer to a very important' letter in the Toronto Globe of February 2nd, by a correspondent signing " Scrutator," who is a phy- sician, corroborative of the above letter of C. M. D. ; and in the same paper there is a letter signed " A Friend to Society, " on the " Statistics of Intemperance and its results." These letters we intended to have inserted, as they are important in showing further proof. They are worthy of being consulted. ti l^'iii ik ( ■! I i i; m LIQUOR MANUFACTURE IN TORONTO, C. W. The city has already become famous for the excellence of its ale. The mnu- ufacture is rapidly growing into one of importance. There are at present eight breweries in active operation in the city and vicinity, the consumption of malt in. which, \i over 80,000 bushels per annum The manufacture of beer does not fall short of 720,000 gallons, valued at $160,000. The principal brewers are Messrs. George and Henry Severn, of Yoikville; John A. Aldwcll, Victoria Brewery; Thos. Davis, Yonge-street; Wallace and Moss, W. Copclaud, Jua., Rowell &, Payne, G. Thompson, and Thos. Davis, Jun. A very extensive brewery has been erected during the year by Mr. Aid well, on William-street, near the College Avenue, which will be one of the most com- plete establishments of the kind in the Province. He has spared no money in introducing all the latest improvments, and his enterprise entitles him to success. The manufacture of whiskey has also grown to be one of considerable impor- tance. While, unhappily, the consumption has increased in the country, the importations have very much diminished, as will be seen by the following — being the Custom House returns of the quantity of whiskey entered for consump- tion at this Port for the past four years. Gallant. Value. 1856 76.786 $31,416 1857 12,220 4,472 1868 6,917 2,671 1859 631 860 The country from the Ottawa to the Detroit rivers, is now principally supplied by Toronto distilleries, and during the coming year the production will be largely augmented by the completion of the distillery of Messrs. Qooderham and Worts. The home market is already supplied, and it is the intention of this enterprising firm to export to England the great bulk of their increased manufacture. They will, of course, make a much superior description of whiskey than that sold here, and no doubt will create a profitable trade. When complete, they can turn out 160 barrels of 40 0. P. whiskey per day. It is expected they will re- quire half a million of bushels annually of Weatern grain, besides what they . VilUage, and Town Clerks, in the County of Perth.) * REPORT OP THE ..x'ECIAL COMMITTEE ON CIRCULAR FROM WARDEN OF THE COUNTY OF PERTH. To THB COVNTT COUMOIL, CoWNTT OF SiMOOB : — The Special Committee to whom was referred the Circular from the Warden of the County of Perth, on the subject of the traffic in Intoxicating Liquors, S;e. Beo to Rkport on the same subject, and on petition from the inmates of the County Jail : That they have given the subject matter of the Circular and Petition, as welt M the whole Liquor question, a careful examination, and have had no hesita- * While the County Council of the County of Perth, were in session in June, 1859, we suggested to several of its members, and in pardcular to John Stinson, and F. Kee, Esqs., J. P., both members of Council, the impor- tance of such a circular letter at the above, being circulated in the County, and being requested to prepare it, we did so, and it was agreed to, and has been circulated throughout the County. The County Council agreed to print ono thousand copies of it. Besides, we circulated many hundreds, and it was copied into various papers, so that its circulation was every where in Canada. Wo also sent copies of it to England, Scotland and IreUnd. We think that over 60,000 issues of it were made. Copies were sent to each Warden of the other Counties. The County of Simooe acted upon it in October. (See papers sub- joined.) In December last, we also submitted a copy of the By-law passed by the County of Simcoe in October, as to the " preservation of the Public I^ioralb within the County," and suggested some additioual clauses. The County Coun- cil of Perth, most considerately, humanely, and wi!novement, and no corner of its various settlements should be without some papers being kindly deposited in the working hands of good men in the moral field, whether temperance, progressive or religious, for local distribution. Let the Grand Division and ihe League look to it, for there is a space to be filled ! How is it to be done ? Bo up and at it without grumbling, hands in and out of pocket, and promoo the clrculntion, freely and kindly, all over the land. How are wo to get names of persons ? There are friends everywhere, put them to work, and if there are no friends known, take the local newspapers, and send to those whose names appear in its columns, trusting not on your plans and exertions, but leave a Higher and Greater Power to do the rest. Again, through the thoughtfulnesB and conaideratencss of a lute Post Master General, the Hon. M. Cameron, temperance periodicals go free of postage. Thousands of copies of periodicals can be obtained for a few dollars : — who, therefore, will begin ? We have lately tried to move certain parties on this subject, we trust, to some extent, successfully. We have applied to a model county, Lambton, through Mr. Gemmill, the talented editor of the Lambton Obferver, and we are not ashamed to repeat our suggestions now, as follows: — "I believe you ar? aware '• that I have devoted my spare time, also money, to the gratuitous circulation '* extensively of temperance papors, and on a prohibitory law in this county, " (Perth), and in the county of Hnioe, consisting of eleven townships in each ; " and as the people deserve, as well as require some information on the subject of a " prohibitory liquor law, which at present is before Parliament ; and as an ad. >• jourDmcnt of the House of Assembly has taken place for a short time, would i^ ' M 41 not be well for the friends of the cause to spread over the land gratuitously the ■■ various tracts and periodicals illustrative of the subject. I have so far kept various localities in the above counties of Perth and Bruce supplied, and I have ' lately sent through the ten townships of your county of Lambton, various papers, namely, — • The Prohibitionist,' ' The Tracts by the Canadian League,' (3 in number), * Temperance Tracts for the People ' published at Albany, (these are excellent, and above praise), a few of Mr. Case's ' Constitutional Rights Vindicated, ' and a good many numbers of • The Challenge, ' No. 4. I have sent to each minister, post master, reeve, treasurer and town clerk, some one or all of the above. Permit me to suggest to some of your friends in Sarnia, to encourage the circulation of temperance papers in your ten town- gliipg, in each locality, — and it can be so eaaily done, that it surprises me that a system of circulation has not been adopted in each of the forty-two counties of Canada West. (I must except the two counties referred to.) " « I shall also endeavour to induce some friends in 'Essex, Kent, Elgin, and Middlesex, to adopt the above plan, and your publishing this letter may help in the movement. But the circulation, to have greater effect, should be nearly a gratuitous one, and we now add entirely free of charge to the receiver. So may it be ! J. J. E. LINTON. Stratford, December, 1854. an aware (B.)-HE IS NO TEMPERANCE MAN WHO WILL NOT SUPPORT WHAT FOLLOWS? (/Voffi the Montreal Temperance Advocate, 15th Dec, 1859.) Stratfobd, C. W., 9th December, 1869. DuAR Sir, — It is not often that I trouble you direct with any remarks. I do write, however, continually in the Temperance cause, as you know, as the three papers of this county will show, as well as my own printed papers, the «' Chal- lenge " and some others, which I scatter gratuitously in this County, and also east and west by the hundreds and thousands. I have done so for seven years past. I considered for myself, that, besides adopting a principle or plan — say, namely, the important, very important one of temperance, — there was a duty incumbent on me, individually, to forward by every meant in my power, in my public capacity, and by the Press, an extension of that principle. I could not rest satisfied with the idea, that as I was (apparently) safe in myself by refrain- ing from any of the fruits of the disastrous traffic in intoxicating drinks, that therefore I should let the "world wag as it may," / am safe. No one is safe, so long as that most unhallowed and unchristian traffic, worse than unchristian ns it were, that dcviUth traffic, so long as it is the daily and hourly trade of our noble Province. He is a selfish temperance man or woman who will merely join a temperance cause and then stop. Merely say "yes," and that's all. I write this, then, preparatory to the beginning of an important season for action, to call on every man, woman and youngster of the temperance cause, in-doors and out-of-doors, wherever they are or may be, travelling or at home, baviiig access to the influence of those in a superior station in life, having access to the labours of their County or City Member of Parliament, in their inter- courso with their Ministers of religion, to devote a portion of their time con- tinually in this good cause, and also to urge its important claims, so as our Legislative Halls will be presented with Petitions for some enactment whereby a restraint, nn entire restraint if possible, will be put on that system of publio sale by retail in shops, bars, bar-rooms, saloons and groggeries, of those liquids which already have destroyed so many, and are now destroying and incapacitat- ing such numbers of our people, besides causing the various outrages and crimes against society, from the case of street drunkenness to the one which leads to the rope round the neck of the yiotim on the scaffold. ill I !li Vj'n :^:i ill i ■ 42 Ignorance or thoughtlessness may not see, but he is a very indifferent person irho does not see in the various papers of the Newspaper Press the fruits of the traffic in intoxicating drinks. Without the Newspaper Press, which is so valua- ble to us, any man or woman who is not above making an observation, may see in each of their localities enough to awaken them and convince them, that the traffic is a curse ! I call, therefore, on every one, whether within the ranks of the temperance army or not, or if only merely approving of the efforts of temperance men, to consider that there is a duty incumbent on them, for which some day, and that a " great day" they have to answer for its non-performance according to the "talents " given and bestowed ; and it is a duty for all and every one to find out and to know, if they have a talent in keeping and in trust at all. Let each one inclined to a performance, consider himself or herself as though he or she was a President, Worthy Patriarch, or Grand Worthy Patriarch, Secretary or Committee, and therefore individually to work, less or more, but that continu- ally, in the cause of temperance. To be instant in season and out of season. I do not ask any one who may read these words to do anything but what I do myself. / consider myself Orand Worthy Patriarch of the Grand Division ! That's my idea, and having that idea how can I be idle ? I push aside, as in my way, the common lazy and listless expression of thought, namely '* that's not my business," it is meddling with what I have nothing to do, let others do it, I have not time, I have no money to spare, I am in business, &c., &c. But the adoption of the idea of duty and support in the temperance cause, makes it a very important personal business, as much so as providing the meat or clothes for the body. I address myself more immediately to professing Christian peo- ple. No one of that class is safe in any duty who acts otherwise. I am, yours sincerely, J. J. E. LINTON. (C.)— TEMPERANCE.— LAZINESS OP TEMPERANCE FRIENDS. {To the Editor of the Christian Advocate.) Sir, — It is cheering to observe the movement by the address from the Hamil- ton Division Sons of Temperance, signed by Mr. Freeman, as published in your truly valuable paper of the 24th instant. Your paper contained also, some time ago, a synopsis of a very excellent lecture on the Prohibition of the traffic in Intoxicating Eh-inks, by the Rev. Dr. Irvine, of Knox's Church, Hamilton. That lecture should have been widely circulated ; and should be, if not yet done. I write this in reference to the first paragraph (there are others) in the above address, as to Divisions of Sons of Temperance " bestirring themselves " in this great and good cause. 1. There has been, and there exists, a very great and indolent feature in all the temperance associations, viz. : a backwardness to push the cause, in season and out of season, into every corner of the localities where these temperance associations exist. Members, I am afraid, are not charitable enough, think only of themselves that as they are apparently safe — and they are only apparently — •' the de'il tak' the hin'most " as to others. Now, I consider that throughout every p'ace where the Sons of Temperance exist, and where other societies exist, their chief endeavour should be outside of their meeting rooms. 2. They should endeavour, with all good thinking men, in any station of life, from your talented member, Isaac Buchanan, Esq., M.P.P., to the laborer who does his daily work, and also of every church, to enlist a sound practical feeling and a help towards the temperance cause — a cause the course of which I fondly hope is progressing in Canada, and I trust will be yet estimated as one to be considered as far, far beyond the consideration of roads, bridges, sidewalks, or conveniences of life. And how much of the latter engross nearly all our atten- tion in public life. What is the value, the truly honest value, of all the pro- 'm 43 pressing improvements in your well situated City of Hamilton, when ba»ed on a state of society as to intoxicating drinks, which we are ashamed to reveal to the heathen, for the Christianization and civilization of whom, and for the support of religion, the same parties as likely give largely of their substance ? The thing in the eyes of the thinking minds of the unbeliever or the indifferent will appear, as it really is, most hypocritical as before an all-seeing God, an act of hypocrisy and dishonesty as before and amongst ourselves. 3. Riddle and sift the machinery of your society and of your citizens in Ham- ilton, and beginning from the lowly and outcast (surrounded by the though tlei^s and heartless professing Christian) up to the highest merchant in your city, (and there are good men amongst them,) and what will a critical observer see ? He will see, he will meet, he will stumble upon an incubus, a parasitical bede- vilment, which no Christian people should show, but rather what they should be ashamed of. You will find, as in London, C. W., where I have just been, a system engrafted into our society for which the heathens, who worship stocks and stones, (to whom we send out missionaries,) scoff at us, jeer us, and point to it with the finger of scorn, and when a man or woman is seen intoxicated, or even drinking in public, they say, " 0, he is a Christian !" That system is the one of licensing to retail and to sell in set public shops and places intoxicating drinks. 4. But Hamilton city, the «' Queen of the West," as in our prints, is not the only city where the /ar wor<« than heathenish system above referred to is so pre- dominant, or where the professing Christians tolerate and encourage it. Would to God it was the only city. Look to Ottawa, to Toronto, west to London, to Kingston even, and to Montreal, and to Quebec — the two latter cities, as well as Ottawa, in a pwticular manner (to those who know anything of the habits of the trade and people) — where the vital and social interests of mankind are sacri- ficed for money to a system which we are to suppose that devils laugh at and hail as the very best auxiliary to increase the population of a certain place. 6. But again, what does the system of the retail trade in intoxicating drinks reveal ? It reveals and shows itself, sir, before God and thinking and observing men, as one almost entirely supported and carried on by manufacture, wholesale and by retail, by Presbyterians, Episcopalians and Roman Catholics! Let a vigilant investigation be made, and not only the traffic in intoxicating drinks will be found as carried on by members, adherents or those belonging to these churches (such, too, as would not be rejected by either to make up census lists for particular purposes), but the advertising of intoxicating liquors in all the papers from Halifax, N. S., to Lake Snperior, will be found as being nearly altogether with those of these three churches. I am a Presbyterian of the Free Church, and I hesitated not publicly at the late Synod of our church in Toronto, to bring the accusation before them. My memorial, with accompanying papers, will testify. I did the same to the United Presbyterian Chnrch Synod. Both Synods declare against the evil ; but still it goes on — " gloriously," as some wonid any, but sadly, as I state. 6. There is a burden, therefore, put on the members and ministers of other denominations, such as the numerous, vigorous, and vigilant Methodists ; also the Baptists and Congregationalists ^Independents) ; for they have to appear in the world and before mankind aa though they were the guilty parties, when they art not. I claim the right to make the above statements, and the ".Conviction List," ending June last, with a number of the Challenge endorsed on it, which I sent you lately, may show more than here stated. I have endeavored, as a single Tem- perance advocate, to wipe away the disgrace of the traffic from the county of Perth, and ttam Canada, as may be known to you, and at present I have a pro- hibitory law of the retail traffic (according to the Municipal Act of 1858), to be voted on for this town by the people. I send you a copy.^ I send also to the * This By-law was negatived by a m^ority of nigh thirty. The liquor interest was an overmatch for the exertions of all the ministers, and the truly 44 i;l:'!;l "ill '=IJi;:!i Hamilton Division several papers. I wish I saw in other places a movement to the same effect — nay, throughout Canada. A blessed time we may well expect it to be, when professedly Christian people will unite to expel from amongst them in their villages, towns and cities, the social sin and evil in their midst, namely, the public retail traffic in intoxicating drinks. And a word for the Hamilton Division — that they endeavour to raise up a feeling for that purpose in Hamilton. Respectfully, I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, JOHN J. E. LINTON. Stratford, C. W., August 26, 1869. The above letter was published in the Canada Christian Advocate, Hamilton, 31st August (D.) — EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE IN SCOTLAND, &c. The Editor of that old and useful paper in this cause, the Montreal Temperance Advocate, in the number for the 15th November, suggested that there should be a temperance sermon preached in every pulpit in Canada on the 1st January (being Sunday). We adopted the hint by giving currency to it, in publishing notices in the papers, by quoting the words in the Advocate, and also we circulated in Challenge No. 22 (copied into several papers), a letter addressed to an esteemed friend, Rev. D. Allan, of North Easthope, on the subject. The following is an extract from that letter : *< / have known the day, rather over thirty years ago, in the establishment of the first Temperance Society in Great Britain, being at Greenock in Scotland, (our native land) when there was only then one minister of religion in Greenock, who would as he did, entertain the subject, — the late and good Mr. Auld, — and I was personally, and know of many others then who were jeered and gibed by minister of religion, because such "a thing" as an organization as to Temper- ance was thought of. Of this I could say more than I desire. — John Dunlop, Esq, (brother of the well known Dr. Dunlop, of Canada,) was the first originator of that society and its President, in September, 1829, — and I had the honor then of being the first Secretary to it. From it, as an example, other organizations in Britain were formed, and have continued and increased. One or two Tem- perance Societies were previous to that date, but same year, in Ireland, and Dr. Edgar of Belfast, (the same ae now on a visit in Canada, I believe) addressed us at our first public meeting. Times have changed as to that subject since ; — and I hope the time is now at hand, when every minister of religion, as a duty and to preserve his own *< good name" and of far greater importance the name and cause of Him whose servant be is sworn to be, will lay before his people contin- ually and not at sett times (as a duty finished), the great and increasing evil and sin there is in the land, when this Enemy and Foe to Christ's Kingdom, namely intemperance, is so much encouraged by professing Christians, in the devilish system of the open trade by public drinking and use as a beverage, of Intoxicating Drinks. As a public officer of Government, being as you know. Clerk of the Peace of this County, I hesitate not from the facts alone which have been revealed to me Christian people, and others, who voted for it — a deplorable instance of retro- gressive Christian and moral civilization! A similar By-law was, however, passed in Wallace, in this County, and, we believe, in Howick, County Huron. But, even, what of all that ? The retail shops and places every where else, all around, sell out without restriction, the dangerous liquid, which demoralizes our communities. The law to be effective needs to be & universal one. 45 as such public officer, daring these nigh seTen years past (irrespective of half a century's keen and practical observation and remembrance) to denounce the Bjstem of the public sate and public drinking, before referred to, as the greatest Enemy and Foe and Satanic means of opposition, to the successful promulga- tion and reception to Christ's Kingdom in our land, irhich exists. I hope therefore, that you and the other ministers of religion in this County — and I hope it will be universal in Canada, — will consider of the suggestion made by the Editor of the Temperance Advocate as above quoted. I am, Bev'd and dear Sir, Yours sincerely, 5th Dec, 1859. J. J. E. LINTON." i j I ' SAMPLE OF ADVERTISEMENTS OF SALES OF LIQUORS. As our readers know, the sample from the newspapers published, of these advertisements, might be increased indefinitely, as their number, in every shape, sad to state, is " legion." We insert the following, cut from the Hamilton Spectator of the 6th January. We ask our readers also to direct their attention to the article in these pages, titled ''Adul- terations of Liquors," referable to the whole subject, and especially to the letter appended, of Dr. Hiram Cox, of Cincinnati, of date Oct. 3rd; 1859, inserted in the Montreal Witness, of the 4th February : — " WINES, &o., for New Year's, at Geoboe Dabtnbll's. — Brandy, pale and dark ; Rum, Old London Dock ; Gin, Old Tom and Hollands ; Whiskey, Scotch, Irish, Bourbon, Monongahela, Old Bye, Toddy and Canadian. Port, Sherry, Champagne, Burgundy, Claret, Moselle, Liqueurs, &c. London and Dublin Porter, East India Pale Ale, Canadian Pale and Strong Ales, and Extra Stout ! ! This Establishment is the only one in Hamilton «zcZunWy engaged in the Whole- sale and Betail Wine and Spirit business." "A CABD. — The subscriber has on sale a choice lot of old and fine Sherry, Madeira nnd Champagne Wines. Old Brandy, vintage 1840, in cases, and in hhds. 1852-54. Old Irish and Scotch Malt Whiskey, and Canadian of best makers. Also, a varied assortment of Spices, Sauces, Pickles, Fruits, Coffees, Teas and Sugars, which he will sell for cash only, at lower prices than the same quality of goods can be bought at in any house in Canada. Those who are aware of the benefit of cash purchases would confer a favor on the subscriber by telling their friends how much is saved by the cash system. — B. Bbnneb, Agent and Commisaiou Merchant, corner of King and John streets." ' ADULTERATIONS OF LIQUORS.* ', , De. niRAM COX'S LETTKR. I^om the Montreal Witness, of February 4M, 1860. " Astounding Disclosures. — Many charges have been made against dealers in intoxicating liquors, as engaging in vile and danger- ous adulterations. The Legislature of Ohio, in March 1855, directed Br. H. Cox, a distinguished chemist of Cincinnati, to make a thorough examination of such liquors as are in the market. The following letter from Dr. Cox to James Black, Esq., of Lancaster, Pa., gives the result of his investigations. We advise every man who is in the use of intoxi- cating liquors to read it carefully, and then think be/ore he drinks. '" * See previous article herein on " Adulterated I iquors." -i ! that they were causing men to think and stand aghast, more than anyUiing that they could do or say on the subject of Temperance. The same effect has been produced in this community. One gentleman tapped me on the shoulder some little time past, and remarked at the same time, * Doctor, I rejoice to see yon take the stand that yon do on the sub- ject of poisonous liquors. I can lay my hands on more than thirty of our best citizens, gentlemen who were tippling and tippling from a doeen to twenty times a day, and who were bidding fair to fill a drunkard's grave, who have stopped short, and do not, and pledge themselves that they never will, drink any mor«. for fear they may get hold of some of the miserable adulterations that Dr. f is holding up to public view. Thank God I' " Chemists from various colleges have written to me, stating that they analyxed numerous samples of the various alcoholic liquors in our markets, and found the same pernicious developmntts which I had at various times indicated in articles which I had written from time to time ; one of which you wUl find at page 123 of the Crwadtr, which accompanies this letter.* Another evidence that tiie exposures which I have been making have had a salutary moral effect is, that there has not been one-fourth as much liquor sold yearly since as was pre- viously ; and another is, that a number of large liquor establishments have closed, their proprietors ruining many of their fellow-oitixens who had become their sureties. A number of distilleries have closed in this vicinity; they have, as it is familiarly called, 'burst their boilers.' One year previous to these break-ups, one of our largest distillers and liquor merchants in the city said to me, ' Dr. Cox, your artides on the adulteratioBB of liquors have taken more trade from Cincinnati, and more money — at least $100,000 per month — since they have been put in circulation. For God's sake, stop them, sir ! — you will break us up. I have been to New York, and since to Boston, to Rochester, to Canada West, and have just returned ; and wherever I stopped there was notMng talked of but the poisoned liquori^ of Cincinnati and Dr. Cox's exposiures. For God's sake, I say again, stop it t' Although the liquors are villainous in the extreme, there are other large cities equally as culpable. For example ; a gentleman of our city, a draggist, that he might have pure Uquor as a medical article, and that kind for purity, &c., that he could recommend to his customers, weat to New York and. purchased two half-pipes of splendid '* Seignette Brandy," one fale, the other dark. Wh«n * The " Crusader," we have omitted to state, is a noble and lion-hearted Temperance paper, published at Cincinnati ,(Ohio>) by Messrs. Cary & Moffati ij^jli: 47 passing one day, he called me in to see bis « beautiful pure brandj," just from New York ! I stopped, looked at it, smelt it, but, before tasting it, happeLad to have some blue litmus paper in my pocket, I introduced a small piece — it came out red as scarlet ! I then called for a polished spatula, put it into a tumbler containing, perhaps, half a gill, and waited on it fifteen minutes, at the expira- tion of which, the liquor was as black as ink. The spatula corroded, and when dried, a thick coating of rust, which, when wiped ofF, left a copper coat almost as thick as if it had been plated. I charged him on the spot, under the penalty of the law, not to sell a drop of it ; took samples of it to my office, and the following is the result of the analysis, viz. : Ist sample {dark), 65 per cent, alcoholic spirits by yolume, and 41 per cent, by weight ; specific gravity 0,945. The tests indicate Sulphuric Acid, Nitric Acid, Nitric Ether, Prussio Acid, Guinea Pepper, and an abundance of Fusil Oil. Base — common whiskey, not one drop of wine. 2nd sample (pale), 54 per cent, alcoholic spirits by volume, 40 per cent, by weight ; specific gravity 0,965. This article has the same adulterations as the first, but in greater abundance, with the addition of Gathuo. Remark — Most villainous connections. As a matter of course, these articles of liquor could not be sold without a vio- lation of the liquor law, consequently I condemned them. They were purchas- ed on four month's time. The purchaser immediately notified the New York merchant of the character and quality of the goods, and directed him to send for them ; but, instead of sending for them, he waited till the notes became due, and brought suit in our Court of Common Pleas. I analyzed the liquors in the presence of court and jury, shewed them satisfactorily that they were the per- nicious, poisonous and villainous liquors which I had represented them to be, and the defendant gained his case triumphantly ; and Mr. New York merchant vanished before I could get a State's warrant, or he would now be learning an honest mode of making a living at one of our State Institutions in Columbus. I was appointed to the office of Chemical Inspector on tho 19th day of March, 1856— since then, I have made upwards of 6G0 inspections of stores, and lots of liquors of every variety, and positively assert that 90 per cent, of all that I have analyzed were adulterated with the most pernicious and poisonous ingredients. The business of inspecting against the will of men who are only governed by motives of cupidity, I have found an up-hill business. I have had more lawing, more squabbling and quarrelling, with unprincipled things, bearing the shape and form of men, made after God's image, since I have been engaged in the ca- pacity of Inspector, than I had during half a century before. You may think I have heard it thunder some ; well, so I have. I am 66 years old, but in all my recollection I have not heard thunder that had the same effect on my nervous system, nor anything else to affect my sympathetic nerves so much as the sad effects of imbibing the miserable concoctions sold in our markets under the char- acter of healthy beverage, with which Cock-tailt, Brandy-amaahta, Mint-juleps^ ^c, ^c, are concocted, and which sent young men, all under 80 years old, and all sons of men of our most respectable citieens, to a premature grave, during the winter previous to my appointment ; some of whom had not been drinking three months I Not only young men, but many old men of our city, who were notconsidered drunkards, died during the same winter, the horrid death of the drunkard with the Delirium Tremens ! These facts induced me to accept the un- thankful appointment. Since the appointment, I have, as Physician to the Pro- bate Court, examined upwards of 400 insane cases, two-thirds of which number became insane from drinkiug the poisonous liquors sold at the groggeriea and taverns of our city and country. Many of them were boys from 19 to 20 years of age, some of whom were laboring under a hereditary taint ; and perhaps in many of them, the mental derangement woald never have been developed, had they not drank of these poisonous decoctions. One boy, 17 years of age, the principal support of a widowed mother and a little sister, was induced on the Fourth of July, 1856, to drink some beer, and from beer to the horrible rot-gut whitkey, kept in the low groggeries of our city. They all got drunk, and the boy referred to became hopelessly and incurably insane, and is yet in the Insane I I ' '"Mi^^pppipmiiii ■= \i I.I ! , I 'My Asylum at Dayton. In examining ttie case for the purpose of getting all the an* teoedents with it, I learned that the grandfather of the boy died insane. I think the probability is altogether in favor of the idea that the insanity would never have been developed in this case, had not these poisonous admixtures acted as a pow- erful excitant cause, 'i called at a grocery store one day, where liquor also is kept. A couple of Irishmen came in while I was there, and called fur some whiskey ; and the first drank, and the moment he drank the tears flowed freely, while he at the same time caught his breath like one sufifoonted or strangling. When he could speak, he said to his companion : '* Ooh, Michael, but this is warming to the stomach !" Michael drank, and went through like contortions, with the remark, " Would'nt it be foine in a cowld frhosty morning ?" After they had drank, I asked the landlord to pour me out a little in a tumb- ler, in which I dipped a slip of litmus paper, which was no sooner wet than it put on a scarlet hue. I went to my ofiBce, got my instruments and examined it. I found it had 17 per cent, alcoholic spirits by weight, when it should have had 40 per cent, to be proof, and the difference in per centrge made up by SuU phurio Acid, Red Pepper, Pellitory, Costic, Potassa and Bruoine, one of the salts of Nucis Yomise, commonly called Nux Vomica. One pint of such liquor would kill the strongest man. I had the manufacturer indicted, but by such villainy he has become wealthy, and I never have, owing to some defect in the law, been able to bring that case to a final issue. Yours, respectfully, ' * ' Hiram Cox, M. D. * As we were revising the proof sheets, a friend in darria sent us the Sarnta Observer (published by J. H. Gemnil, Esq.) of 17th Fehia»ry, wherein is a long and valuable report on " Inspection of Liquors," by Mr. L. 0. Miller, of Detroit, Inspector of Liquors and Wines for Wayne County, Michigan — and his evidence is only corroborative of the extensive " adulterations" of every kind, "innocent, deadly, and spuriously fine," used in liquors. Mr. Miller is a practical chemist, having had experience in Europe and America. He states : *' In 382 oases of inspection of whiskey, he only discovered two cases of pure." " So far as regards th4 article of brandy, he was not able to find, after inspection, a single drop of pure French brandy." " High wines have been imported into France from the United States, and exportci therefrom, after undergoing a certain pro- cess, to the United States and other countries, under the false name of pure French brandy." " In 164 samples of gin, found but 29 samples genuine." " In 82 samples of Jamaica rum, he found only nine samples of genuine and pure rum." " Of the Port wine, k genuine article is seldom sold * * * By analysis, he found among all his Inspections only eight samples of genuine and pure."— >— " Of Champagne wines, there is to be found in tliis or any other country but a small portion genuine."— -—"It is a well established fact, that there is more Champagne, or its imitation, consumed in New York city in one month, than it is possible to manufacture from the grapes raised in all the vine- yards of the province of Champagne for one season." The above testimony is valuable. It only surprises us that after such statements as Mr. Miller's and Dr. Cox's, and Mr. Delevan's, and the others, are known, hat men and profeu- ing Chritliani sell t^em, (yet tueh men manufacture them 1) and we wonder that the class of tipplers und drinkers who drink in public, are not " wiser in their generation," and eAand«n these liquors and And purer artielei .' .^., Books.— 'We omitted to state that there is a good authority to refer to in the " Temperance Cyclopedia," by Rev. W. Keid, of EdinburBb — enlarged edition — to be obtained at the Witness Office, Montreal ; and the Rev. R. D. Wadsworth, of Hamilton, C. W., is preparing to publish " The Teetotaller's Yade Mecum," 500 pp. l^mo, Vrice^l ; and a valuable addition will also be in the book of Amaiia McCoy, Esq., of Albany, N. Y., "The History of the Temperance Cause," &o., which we learn will soon be published. -it.. — . I