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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant rjar la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaTtra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ', le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul ciichd, il est film6 A partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 i 4 5 6 LANDS AND RESCUECES OF M .J 4- ■ •* *i<"'-* ^^rlfi" '•"Mi*' ■ ^'* PRQVmCS OF OKTAfilO A HAND-BOOK FOR THK IXFOKMATION OF IMMIGRAX'r FARMERS DESIROUS OF OBTAINING CHEAP FARM8 IN AN ALREADY SETTLED DISTRICT. Prepared by ALBERT SMALLFIEILD, EdHor ci '< The Renfrcvsr Mercury." IlEXFRKW, ONT. PBTNTEl) AT THE MERCURY OFFTrR. 1881. INTRODUCTORY i The attention of Farinors and others who imvo r*oine to Canada with tlie intention of ])iirchasinjLi; land and seUlini; down to aajricultiiral pursnitj^ — without having detinitely decided as to what par licular part of the J3oniinion tljey will select for ilicii' future residence — is directed to the foUow- iniij facts concerninpf the County of Eenfrew, ii» the Province of Ontario. " s IVliat has been done, can be done aijfain, and an tlierc arc many wealthy farmers already in the (.'o^jnty, there is no reason why others — forwlioin there is plenty of room — with skill and capita!, should not equally well succeed in securing at) independence here. ijiJ" Much infunnatinn jis to municipal institutions, e<lii- fut'ona) r.d vantages, &(\, in-Canada, in alrea<iy published in pamphlets on immigration issued by the J)on!inion and Pro- vincial G'jveinmcnts, which it is consequently not nect'S?:-ary to repeat in this brief sketch. RENFREW COUNTY: ITS LANDS AND EESOUECES. -:0: '•Lumbering " until recent years was tlie prlr> rijKil industry in the County. As the forest>. horderincr on the rivers* have j'radualiv ro' eded further northward and westwani l>ef<)re the hun- herman'rt axe, tlie townshij^-^ '' in the front " have hcen converted into tai'niis : and the luinhernien n priindpal ' iimits" are mostly fi*oni 50 to above 100 mihis ba<dv into tfie interior. Thirly vears ivj:o, althouich there were some ol<l and nourishing settlements along the Ottawa liiver and tor some little distance up the 3LadM- waska and Bonnechere Iiivers, the interior of the County was still com})aratively an unsettled wii ♦ ierness, although squatte]*.^ liere and there bad. inade clearings aiul settlements The immigration from Great Bi'itain had been chiefly attracted to ihe Western part of Up|K']" Canadr., where tht-. land was more level, fveev from roelv. an«l the eli- male somewiiai inndei Settlement, at tli «■^> I poi'iod, in the central and eastern jiarthj of II])pc: Canada scarcely extended into the crumtrv more ihan twenty miles north of , Lake Ontario, and a less distance westerly fi'om the Ottjiwa JJiver. in f-4Ct, the intejior of ihe ]?i'Ovineo was generaDy declared and believed to be unfit ior wiiite xner.. and f)f course unsuitalde for those aceustomed to the habits and tastes of a eivili/ixl comfounitN . 1 1 was, iu short, contended th*U all the good land iiad been taken up, and that what remained was M) tended by nature for IndiaHrf and hunters — and Ticnfrnr Coinift/ Jiimbormen. indeed, some leadiiii]^ luDibcri^ion did not hesiinto to nssert- that the soil wouhJ not laise suflieieiit wheat to sujiport a resident ]M'>pu- h'ltion. Nevertheless, about thirty ^eai's aao. it ')eu;an to be declared tliat throughout the Huron nu'l Ontario district, as it was termed, there was much u^ood land, ii( for seU.lenjent, whi(di had only- been overlooked on account of the u'l'cater ease with w'liich the lands in the western ])art of the -Province could be reached. It was therefore j)ro- posed tljat this extensive district should be opened lip by the conshMiction of several leadiniz; lines of " Colonization lioads." 1'he schenic was ultimately adopted, and Gov- ernment Ageiits were appointed to supei-intend the settlement of the *' Free Grants" which were oiVered to injniigi-anis to induce them to settle in tiie district. -• ■- ■■■ ' > These Ai^ents soon ])nt out gdowing and attrac- tive accounts of the lands which they had to dis- ])0se oi, and how easily the immigrants could be- <*<)me independent bv the monev which they euuhi inake by clearini^ the land, and convertinic the trees, when felled and Imriied in the log heap, into potash, for which, in those days, there was a 3'eady sale for cash. While some of the j\i>-enis liavc contended that they stated not hini^ but facts, it is beyond dispute that the majority of the eaidv settlers who were induced to take up Free Grants, tbund themselves wofnlly disa])pointed, — there being the greatest ])ossible dift'erence between iho j^romise.l' and jyi'ospeets held out and the reality. 'Phe roads were rough: it was toilsome and un- accustomed work to fell the trees and make the potash : there were no markets near at hand, and the cost of hauling the potash to the Iront, and B til , !( !\ NCI il 7^^ LanJs and Jiesoiirces, 5 J of takiiiiij l)ack' provisions, fiiriiifure, ki\, soou c'xlKHisto'l tlie nieans of many of the settlers, who •tl'andoncd their '' loentions/' and removed elbe- whero, cui'tsinij; those whose representations had deluded Ihem. And tliero are ihoj-e who to this (lav maintain that the Free (Jrants are, agricul- furally considered, of little worth, after the tirst H i(>p8 have been taken or)'. " That beini^ the ease, it will naturallv be aske'l — why invile the attention of immigi-ants to aiich a district ? Briefly, circum.siances liave altered of lalo years. The Opeoniro Colonization .Roa<], wliich nms across Renfrew (V)nnty from Ea^^t to West, has been much improve<l, and appropriations of luonev have been made by tlie (lovernment of Ontario for still further impi'oving it and tlio !•: rancn roads conne ctinir with it. And in tl »c (listricts where atone time the settlers neede<i f-elief, the crops, in the yeJir 188tK wo'e splendid. Yillau'es and t'-enerai stores in tlic back coiintrv have increased in numbei*: and whereas the lum- i)ermer. fornu^rl}' afforded the only marlvet for the settlers' snrpbis ])rodnce, the daj's for mnkiii )i)tas h hi ive fone by — and the settlers have found a ready sale for their butter, while the counuy \^ noom red every seiison by the buyers of horse^-, attl e an< i hI »ee As for the al legation fijat i\v '•ountry is unfit for settlement, it is well known lliat the hunber kinii,s, who were so I'eady to decry he ai^ricultural caj)abilities of the distn'ct, £^en- faliy contrive to clear a tolerably extensive space or a farm in the neighbourijood of their principal ien< )ti Many of the early settlers, before the days of tliC Free Grants; not only found a market for () .Rtnfrew County : tlielr p"O'lu('0 ill the Imnborinic •• shanties/' but u:<cd to take their teams into the woods in the witUor time. gettin«^^ ymul tor haalini^ lo»j^s, and luivinuj their hordes well ted at the same time at the expen.se oi' their emph)yer?J. Thifs led to their farms !)eini>- negleeted, and unfitted the ownei's j'or tlie stead V work of the farm. Alany fai-ms, as well as Mij)plies, Avei'e also obtaijied on eredii. Tl)is embarrassed the owners, and as the lumber- ing distriets leceded, and the settlement of the North-West territories offoreii indueements to ob- tain lands on ea>y terms. — uumv of the farms were sold in order to realize the n^eans of settliiiij: either in Mirinesota, or Dakota, or in xManitoba. Many also passed into the hands of the fjoan C<>mp; Eut, from one ean-e or another, tiiere are still in the(>\>untv- of Renfrew, many i'arms — cleared, ff^'ieed ai)d with suitable buildini^-s ereeted — i'ov There are also luany persc>n.s who would tnie •>^" ha f>. prefer a well-wooded and well-watei-ed eountry, ii) dist'^iets already supplied with railway, ehurches^ schools, j>ost oiliees and 8tort-.s, and only a dav-'s jounvev tVom Montreal, to prairie lands n^ore tbai^ ;. thousand miles furthei* oif. Msj)eci- aily when these cleared farms, with all improve iiients, can be purchased outri/^^ht for a sum ])ro bably not exceeding two or three yt^<o*,s' rent in tln.^ old country : while the purchase is free from lh( costly charges attending the conveyance of land:- ]\\ r^itii hind It is for the purpose of attracting tlie attentior* of in:) migrant 8 of this class — men with some means, and not obliged to " rougii " it in the Fret GrantSj — that this little paniphJet is issued. ,pV 7"^;^ Lands and .Rc^vnrce,%, 7 but, , an.l 10 at ihoir vnors lis, as ro<iii. niber- >r the to ol)- larni- I i to bit. Tioan u fetiii lea rod. !(i — for woubi >U!ltl*> iilwav )(] onl\ ' land: Hspoci- tjprovo 111 ]>ro r in tb( oni Un f land Itoiitioi b HOint be FrcH 1, 4 Area and Surface Features. Tho County ol* Hon trow Ik one of tbc largest in tlic Province of Ontario (formerly stykHl Upper ''anada or Canada West). Tt. is ^itnated in tb<* » )ttawa Valle^^ being bounded on tlie Kant and Xorth by tbe Ottawa (or (irand) River, Ly whicb ;{ is separated from tbe Western i)oundary of tbe Provinee of Quebec, formerly known as Lower ran ad a. On tbe Soutb, it is bounded by tbe 'ounties of Jianarlc. Frontenac, and Addington ; on tbe West by tbe County of llastin-us; and on tbe Nortb by tbe Xipisning District, tlirougli -.vbicb tlie Western Extension of tbe Canada ( !*en- ual Railway is now being built. 'i'iie area of tbc County of l^enfre\s' compri^ep {ii»out one million (1,000,000) acre>'?, — or iR'.arly onc-tfurd tbe size of Vorksliire, tbe lari^rest count \' In England. Rivers and Lakes. h is traversed from tbe Nortb-west to tbc Soudi- ''ast by tbe Rivers ^Madawaska and l]onnecben>, whicb rise in tbe .Xij)issing District and tail inl<» I be Ottawa Hi ver towards tlie soutbern limit ot .he County. In the Xortbern part, tbe Petewawa tlows eastward Iv also, but falls into the Otta^va some miles above Pembroke, tbe County town. There are some smaller streams, at tbe moutb of ruie of which, tbe ^luskrat, Pembroke is situated, '>}\ tbe Allumette Lake, an expansion of tb<'. Ottawa Kiver. Xone of these tributaries of tiio larger stream are navigable, except by small I'jiUs and canoes, being broken throughout their 8 Itenfrcw County : rourse by frcqiiont vaplcls nnd falls, or '^ cliutoH ; '* whicl) iiflbrd oxc.ellont jnill-.sit'/s, ^\\t\\ ainj)lo watei'-power. TlJe^e huvo hitheito l)een chiotlv' utilised lor saw and gri^tniill^; but at the Vil- ln;^e of lie I) fro w thore arc several other fuctorier^ already ostahliished at the falls of the Bonuechere, and efforts are l)eiiii'* made to introduce others. The streams are chietly used, however, lor iioat- in:^ down the " lumber." which is cut down in the woods during the wintei' season. There are nunierous Lakes throiiirhout t!»e ('ounty, some quite small, others sovend iiiiles in ieiii:'t]i, mostly aboundini' in tish. Jn the neii^li- hour hood of liounrl Lake and Clear Lake, near I he centre of the County, ]>hosphate is bein*;* mined in considerable qtiantlty; and atCalabogie Lake, in the southern |)art, iron, plumbago and other minerals, liave lat(;ly been discovered, and the deposits are reported to be quite extensive. The Quality of the Land, The land, in such an extensive tract, i> oC course considerably diversified in quality, being \ \ $otue parts hea^'y clay, in others loam, and in others, 8nr>dy and barren. Throughout the couvf ty the surface is general ly hilly, with a good deal of 7-o(dc; and those hills, towards the West, son^<?- fimes rise into niountainous ridges. One of fliese, kno\\n as The Pinnacle, is just ^oi'th of \\\i3 \"illage of Ikonfre^v. Althoi\gli precipitous on its western face, it is cultivated in parts to its summit. The ridge extends to the North for son>e miles, and at its foot lies a fertile plain,— - ^ the Brule," and a line stretch of the vallevof the Bouue(diere. The varying value of the land^ Its Lanch ari'l Resources. iK'COJ'ding to soil, length (>[' time it jjas hoen sot* litni, the uonstMjUont value f)f iinprovonieiits, tho listnnec IVoni innrket im'.l rnilwa}.' &e., &e , may Ik- jiKli^od iVoiii the last valuation pui ^>n the sev- e!*al Townships, for the purj)ose of vM]iialisl»i;; the liites i'uv C'omity taxali<Mi. by the County ('oi!!'- cil, in the ve:u' 1880 : — Class N'V I, iit !•>'), 70 i>(*r acre, th.; Tuwiisliips of West* meath, MoMab, Pembroke and Horcoii. ('lass No 2. at $r),35 pur acre, —the 'L'o\vnsl\ip of Iloss. ClasH N"o. 3, at il?4,00 pci' acre, -the Towii.ship.s oi Aihnas- Ion, StalFon], and Hroinley. ( 'lass No. 4, at i?3.-i) i)er acre, the Townships of <irattaii» Wilberforce, and Alice. (Uaaa,No. ."», at.*f!l,r>0 per aero,-, the Tovrn; lips of Algoiia, r.agot, Blythticld, l>rou,i^i am, liagarty, .Sherwood, llicliard.ti, .JoMes, liarns, lirndenell ami Lymloch, < Mass No. 0, At $!,30 per acre the Townships of (jrilfitl), Aiatawaehan, H -ad, Maria, CUara, I'etcwawa, llolph, li\i- ciiaiian, WyUe, Seba.sto})ol, lladcliti;* and Ilaghm. The above valuation .i\. ;s not of eou rse rer>re- ont the veal valu e the land: It IS ni( rel V an •ndeavoiir to e(|ualise the varvini»* estimalM o[' the Assessors of the respeetive Townsiiips, who ]M'obably do not place the anion nt on their roli.s -it more than half of the actual value. Tiie followino- extracts from the surves' of the Tv>wnHhip of ]iaii;lan, which contains an area of 'it), 212 a(U"es, ineludiuij;' water and roads, and Is >it(nited on the Western boundary ot' the County, \y be taken as a fair representation of the iwi) 'an •age appearance and (juaiity of the land and the imber in the b'ree (xrant townshij)s: — .i n^ The rocks bcloni^ to the Laurentian formation, and con- fiist^for the most part of gneiss. In several places thei'e arc extensive expowurea of white crystalline linu-stone, which ,'.;iakc:8 a fair ♦iuaHty of lime, and may V'it become of sonio 10 Ilenj'rcw Coun ty : importaiicc to .'settlers. No indications of valuable minerals More met with, and no speciineuH M-^erc collected. *' 'J'his township is well watered by streams, whicli abound jji n)any kinds of iisli. There are but two lakes of .iny «:;on.- i«idera])lc extent the largest being aV)out a mile and a quarter in length and over half a mile in width. Beaver n)eadows and ponds are to be found in neaily all parts of the townshi}>. '•Tiie land in Raglan is undulating, or rolliiv;,', and in iixany places is broken by swamps of cedar, spruce and tam- arac, and by steep rocky ridges, short and very irregular, nnd not inclined to any general course. The prevailing tim- ber on those rough portions, and also along the Maiawaska river, is pine, the best of whicli -through lumbering opera- tions, carrietl ou for twenty years or up.wnrd.s- -has beea re- luovfd, thongli a consi<iorable quantit}' of valuable timber fstill remains. " In several places, once covered by beautiful groves of valuable pin»\ the lire has made a clean sweep of all vegeta- tion, or left only the dry trunks of trees. "Tliroughout the tovvi'.ship, except in the marslies and swamps, the Roib partakes of a sandy character, being in many places a deep rich vsan<ly loam, which yields, where clearings liave l>een made, wheat, oats, c(»rn, grass, and cereals of a veiy superioj' character both in respect of (|uality fuxl quantity. In other j^ortioris it is more ."andy, especially the ie^'ei land ahmg the JNIadawaska I\iver, and many other' }>laces where pine i^- the prevailing timber, the land may be classed as second rate. " AVliere the laud is good the prevjiiling timber is beech, maple, an<^ bassvvood. The land in those portions covered by hardwood is with some few exceptions favorable for tigri- cultural purposes. In these exc-ptional places it becomes rough an vi rocky, an<l the tind)or is mostly maple, birch, beech, hemlock, pi)u\ balsam, oak, ironwood, elm, &c. In the remaining ])ortions of the township good lantl is only to be obtainctl in small patches, widely separated by spaces of rocky land ajul swamps." Agricultural and Horticultural Capabilities. While all the grnin {\m\ root ci'ops cultivuled in (in^iit Britain can be succossfnllv raised in the County of Renfrew, other crops, ^uch as Maize or lis IaduIs and Rdsovrcrs. ]\ minerals* 1 abound any con- M quarter n)e;ulo\v» ownshi}>. , and i n md tani- iiTcgnlar, ilir.g tini- liawaska ng operii- ^ beew re- ie timber groves of ,11. vegeta- rsbes and being in [Is, wher« vn.ss, and of )(uality t\spt('ially lany other' lid may be • is l)eech, IS cov<'red e for iigri- t beoonu-s )le, birch » II, &c. In is only to ■ .spaces of billties. viited in 1 in tho Maize or Indian corn, whitdi rarely ripens in (be Old i'ountrv, and bxuA) veicelablc fruits as melons, loniatues, &c., wblch are tbere ^rown under glass, ripen and yield al>undantly in tiie o])en air. Tbc land wbich is not arable is well adapted to •razin<r and stnelc raisi nt! !-y^ and this brancdi i)( :iirneulture is vearlv irjereasmic in inii:)ortanee. Plums, clierries, raspberries, gooseberries, Htrawberries, grapes, v^e., &e., grow wild. Tbe garden currant also grows to perfection ; and vci'apes and small fj-uits are als") being cultivated. To meet the demand for apple and oilier fruii ii'ees, suited to tbe climate, an extensive nursei y has, within tbe last few years, been establi^bcd near A rn prior. Concerning tlic agricultural capabilities of (bis I'ounty we refer to extracts on pages \i an*.! I'l M ritten by a native ot lliis section. Dairying. < Mseese Factories are being establisbed in tl o f'Oiinty : one at tlie villaii;e of Renfrew vieldinir a fair return to tbe sbarebolders. Butter is extensively exported. Frr)m tbe R(iii- tVew station of tbe Canada Central raihva\', J. 400 tul)s were sbi])ped in October, and 2,285 in Nov- ember, 1880. One firm sbipj)ed five cai- loads direct to Liverpool. Anotbertirm sbip|)ed tiitei'O » arloads. From tbe otlier stations lai'ge <.[uanti- lies were also exported, BKF-KEEPimi. — Many private individuals keep large numbers of Idves ; and tbe elima((> is well-adapted to make tbe business quite protitabio if fi>llowed more extensively. 12 Ilenfrew Couniy Railways. The Canada Central Raihva}' enters llie County at; Ai'nprior. Up till 18*12, it terminated at Sand Point, six niiles noi-th of Arnpriof. It was th*>n extended to the Villai;e of lienfrevv, thirteen miles hevond Sand Poiiit; and three or foui' years afterwards to Pemhroke, tlie County Town. The Western Extension of the Canada Central (to connect with the Ca)»adiaa L^Kjiric iJaiUvaj') in now open to Deux l^ivicres; will reach Mattawa in June of 1881, and is expected to be oomplcte<l as far as Lake Nipissinij; by the end of tlio year. The ICini^ston and Pembroke liailway — of which (iO miles are built and beini;- operated — will enter K'enfrew (.-ountv at the Ma<la\vaskii iiiver, and will form ii iunelion with the Canada Central at: the Village of Jienfrew. Towns and Villages fV The j)rincipal places in the (bounty are PKMBilOKH, in the N«)rth eastern jiart, on tho I')>per Ottawa. It contains noaidy o.OOO inhabi tants. Tliei-e are several factories, and m number of stoi'cs doing a large business. AUNPiilOP, is at tho Southeasi. corner of th<» ('ounty. W fair ide;i of the improvement which has of late years tnken place in the developmeni of till.'- (\)untv niJiv he gleaned \'vi)]\\ the numer .•n' OUS line stores which have been creeled , cliief among wiiich are those of Mr Jann^s Hart nev, sr., and the Arcade, which would do credit to any eii\-. liFjNKItl^W ia situated on the Canada Central Railwav, about half-way between Arnpric>r and remlu'oke. It i^; the business centre of tho best 7/^^ Lavih and .Resources. n ni!:riciiUnrnl pnrt of iho County and is tlic oiulet oi the Opeongo Itoad. l^^GAiS' VITJjh] is the next Inri^est vinai!:e. Jtis '.ii.staut 2G miles IVom I'einbroke, and the same difcitance i'vom j^eiifrew viUaicc It is al'Dul ]!' )niles we^.t of the Canada Central liailwav, the ne;n*est j>oint being (lie station at (/OBI)EN, where a considerable portion of \\\v ai-M'ieultura! j)roduee of the district is now ship;>ed. The other villai^-es are SAND POINT, on the OttawTi Kiver and Can- uda (Central Jliver, Bix miles from Ai-n prior. lUTlirsTSTOWN, AVHITK LAKK, and STEW- :\ RrVILLR, in the Township of McNab. FO RASTER'S FALLS, in Ross. DSCKOLA, in the Township of l]romle\v JX)UGLAS, about 16 miles i'rom iicnfrow on ihe Jionnechero River UKACIIBURCt, in Weslmeath, 15 miles from ]?e in broke. BRUDKNKLL CORNERS, and IU:)CKIN<^ ILA.M, in the Township of IJrudenell. C^OMBEPtMKRK, ir/ the Township of riadclifre. High Schools. In addition to the Public; Schools tlirona:hont Die Countv, there are excellent ITiLrh Schools iUv the more advanced branches of education at Arn- ])rior, Pembroke and Penfrew; and the County jvlodel School for training Teachers is established at the last named place. u Renfrew County: '♦ WHY 00 WEST? " IK TITF. OTTAWA VALLEV TOO P<»Olt FOK FAHMINO, OR IS ;T TOO FOORI,V FAUMKI)? " To tkc. K- lit or of the Henffnv Merc.ur)f. "Sir. The inclination of the minds of men, women and chihlren is to tliasatisfacCion with their present situation — IK) inatCiM- luwlcr wliat oircii instances —wealth, position, hap- pines?' -all that the !iiin<l can grasp; yet contentment doc-^ not come. The secret of lia}>piness is contentment. This in jnoven hy the fact that many of those persons wlio so re ccntly have loft this (li«trict fr)r tlie far West, are stated to l)e already wialiing either to return, or else to go still further ^^ est : tiic emigration from Manitoba i»eing now as great a.-! the immigration info that f*roviuce. The movement west- ward into the far great N(»rth West shows the predominant inclination of the liuman mind. When will tliis move- ment cease ? Inducements of all kinds are held out to the people to Mnove West.' The Dominion (government; in- terested partic?- Land ('.>mpanieH - -the Ivadway Oompanie;* ;ill advertise, yes advertise the i^reat heneiits t(> V>e derived l>y settlentput in the Great fiOne Land, or in the Western States of the ' ITman.' The statements thus made appear to satisfy the discontented oties in the eastern Provinorfs- and especially in this part of Ontario— and away they move ac- corilingly. *• Vow, 8ir, ] maintain that the Ottawa country offers c4ual inducements with the much beiau(ied West, to those actually intending to make their living by farming ; aiid that all that xa necessary to bring a large imudgration into liiis o<nintry is to p(tint out faiily the ad\ antages offereti hy Ji well-«ooded and well- watered country, with the scenery beautifciUy diversirted by hilir? an<l valleys, in preference to tW, [irairies-and mar^lies -of the West, it cannot lie de- iiietl that the majfu'ity of tliose who have left this section for the West, were tiiose who found thenv'?elves either Hnan- cjally or domestically in positions out of which they wi«heii to exti'icate themselven^ and hence the deterndiiatiou to commence, as it is c,a.l!<;d, "the world anew." This, though to those wlto havKi gone, may be a sutficient reaHou for the step they have taken, is no just cause to come to the conclu t<i(m that Kastern Ontario is a {dace where the ordinarily prudent mam— no matter of what trade or (jailing cannot live *i3 vvcli AS ill xiny other place on the face of the ^ktha. T($ Lands an. I Resources. 15 IH IT >n ant it ion - [\, hap- it d <>(.•■* so re ited to further neat a-"^ t wcsl- ininant b to tho lit; in- npauies derived Vcsteni [j[>ear to tis- an<i aovi' ao 'g; i " And now a word to our discontented fartners — kiij<l]y meant, thongli possibly it may not be received in the same Noirit. " Our farming population, all through this County, is iirgely >nado up of persons vvlio have, in a greater or les« f'egree, worked in the winter time, at making or driving limber and logs : which m the earlier days of settlement was a fairly remunerative etnploymcut. But this has caused th'^ni, under a different state of affairs, to neglect the care t f their stock and tlie cultivation of their farms, for tlie more • innjediate gain d.erived from working in the shanties. An- - tlier iniatake, of an injurious tendency so far as ultimate jrosperitx' is concerned, is t|ie fact that many farmers occupy i vnd which they attempt to cultivate with entirely unsuit- able crops : and dissatisfaction both with their land and J^lieir occupation is the natural result. We have as good ;, hea*" land in some ijoctions of tl)is county as any to be found ai the Dominion ; while other localities are only tit for graz- ing. But what do we lind ? A farmer on !->ay *200 acres of lai<d, cropping year after year a large part of his farm with ;ili the varieties of grain usually grown,- because his neigh l»oura do the same thing, — whereas perhaps none of his land is especially suited fav the crops put in. Again, many of the i.iruis are too small, or the owners have too little capital for tiiem to be profitably winked ; or machinery is procured at rrtiit cost, whieh .ca?;aot he constantly employed so as to return a fair iiij;ere«t (or ilie outlay. Now, if eapitaiist* were to secur large enough tracts of land for the protitalde use of the impraved m,xchiu*?r/ now in fashion, cultivating t acli portion with the crop be^t suited to it, an<l employing the men who now make only & jtoor livirrg' out of tlieir poor ku'ina, both parties would be mutually, benefited, and much iund now lyi^'g waste might be utili/ed. Another mistake li.ade by many of our farmers is in allowing the low land to :emain uncleared, while they devote all their time to cuiti vating the high landa. Tropevl}' drained, the swampy land:* ave the beet, '' Tlic introduction of new and improved stock, and their p»x.>pcr Cii re during the winter, are matters remiiring more attention than the}' receive, if the pursuit of agriculture is Li.k yield prolitable returns. "This is no fancy picture. We have many good farmers who by skill and attention to such points, and by sticking to tlnsir legitiuiiite business of farming, are in independcnb 1(j JUinfrew County : Its LiOids, d-c. rircnmstauoeH, and content with their situation in 'life and .surroundiu^a. AJany of them have at difier^jnt times visited tlie West, being induced to (h) so by the jepresentationa i>f I'thera, orl>y the reports printed and circulated by interested parties. W^hat is the consequence? 'I'lit^y return hon)!*- i-;iti«ticd that this i& just ay gootl a country, with an equally ;,'Ood climate, and a i«ettled state of society : and they ar<" not disposed to break up all their present associations, and l!y to the West- perhaps to be l»lo\vn away in a wliirlwind, -not knowing where t<» locate to the most advantage — or t< j>itch down iiaj» hazard on the prairies, where as far as th^ eye can reaeh, nothing can be seen but the vast broad, levci ]»iain toucliing the h<»nzo>i," " * * * The present is a favourable time for trying th experiment of develojung the resources of the country !>;■ bringing skilled agriculturists with hutlicient capital to star with, into the country. Such at least is the honest opinio: v»f <»ne anxious f<>r our material *• Renfrew, July 20, 188 )," ** PuofniKSt*." Acreage and Average Products. tn the recently published Report of the Ontario Agricu: tural Commf.-sion, the cleared area i.-i «et down at 20-t,83<> ncres. The average yield of fall wheat is 17^ bushels pe; jicre ; spring whi^at, 12 bush. ; barley, {hardly any grow?; .19 bush. ; oats, 25^ bush. ; rye, 11? bush. : peas, \i]k busli. eorn Oittle gnnvn) 'ITy^ bush.; lni<'-k wheat, 24 bush. ; pot.' toes, about 153 bush ; turnips, 'V22^ bush. ; other root cro{' 233 bush ; hay, about 1 ton per acre» A large proportion < ' tlie cleared acreage is devoted to pasture, and rather le?'> than ^ of 1 per cent, to orchards. About twenty -four per cent, of the uncleared lands are r^: lM)rted suitable for cuUiv'ation, if cleared* X. Farms can be purchased at rates varying from 50 cents r- $50 per acre, according to the nature of the soil, the chara< ter of the improvements, and the facilities for reaching market. Farms cr.n be rented at from |I to $1,50 per acru Lmuh ond licsoirrre,< <>/ Renfreu- Couhttj. 17 Climate. f» Mi' T. XL Monk, of Toronto, a clei^k ii) the Me' teurologieal Service, in tbe employ oi' the Domi- nion Govornnioiit, when givini.^ evidence hefore the Ontflrio A<i^rieullnral Commisi^ion, in August, !H8(). Kai<l : — The eliniate ol' Ontiu-io. generally speaking, i>^ nuteh inilueiieed by the^yuMt bociieis <4' Wilier by wlnfh iffii- partly e^iirt*<'iin<iecl. Out West thei'e ai'e eonhitleraldy lower tetnpei'aiures i!: Winter, uih* very luneh higbei' temj>erati!ret> m -lunnier thai) here. The eujjilni .of the Suiie of jowa. iov int^tf^nee. has a ver\' nuieh lower tempe- rature in the winter thMii Toronto, and Idgher in the summer. 'J'he etrnii^uity of the lakeK u^iidyi to^niake our elimaie ]>iO'take more of a») ivitsular, ti»an a contintiitai «'hHrneter. Kxcept irt the north and nr>rth'etisi. (he lieat iii suminiu- asid cold iii winter are moderated, by iheii* inthience. in tlie regit)n nf tlio Ottawa, ihe extremes of u-mjjeraiure are n^ueh gi'eateR ihaji jit' plaee^l in liie vieknrv of the lake^?. {\nd natnrallv. within '.•eriain linnis. the fart hei' we go irom ib.e hd\e-, the ii^iSri their intiueiH't* i>iieh, I in the region of the (>tti;wa ihc elimate is far moi'e eontinental tlnoi in any otijer j)art of ihe I rovinee; tlial. Hiu.-tion of Ihe iM.undr'v' heinu* far awav from th.o hikes, th.o ttlimato is vein' much Uie same as in Mono of the WestOrn Stht^t?. fn 1878 tlio temperature at Fit/.roy llai'lKmr' \vas 30 07 doir. heh»w zero, and at I\Mnhrolvc :^*} below zero; while tin- highe.si teiTiperaf trn- in dimmer was O^.Os at Fi(Zi'oy Jlarbour and i;*7 03 ii IVmbroko. ji^a^ Fi'f Admlhefntiiti vj Fiirfn.f J-- . for Sale, i^te 'Uotciiifj ijiiijto. A Cheap Farms for Sale I NUMBER of IMPROVED FARMS for Sale, Clieap. and upon eaay tenns ol payment. Apply to JAME8 BROMLEY. Kenkbew, Ontario. AXE FACTORY, FOUNDRY, and WATER-POWER FOR SALE. THE Undersigned ofters for SaU* hifl old-established Ax Factory and Fouiidry, equipped with Trip Hammer an Blowers ; and the Preiii-ses and Water-Power attached, t. the Bonnechere Frdls, in the V'iilap:© of Renfrew. A gco and improving business has i;*>en done for maiw years, an could be increased. Satis^taetoiy reasons for selling. F* terms, apply on tlie premises. 8. FRANCIS. I' F One Thousand Acres OR SALE in the County of RenfreM^ Apply to JOHN SxMITH, (Tanner), Renfrew, Ontario. TAYLOR & ROBB, ARNPRIOR, ONT,, DEALERS in STOVES, TL\, SHEET IRON, and COPPER WARE. Roofing and Hot-Air Furnaces a Specialty. Highest Price in Cash paid ior Sheup Pelts, Calf Skins auu Fur*. ned Ax. nun am ched, ;. A gc<v ars, aii' 'g- i\> Small Farm for Sale 1 PART of Lot Xo. 14 iu the l«t ('onoe««ion of the Tuwn- bhip ol HOKTON. Containing 4^4 acre** : ubuut 10 acres in soft wood bush. Fi-Anie Barn, 30x10 feet. iJouuded ).y the River Bonueoht^i'*? and fenced. In the X^ilhigo of lUn- irew : one Uiile from the Post Otiiee. For terms appl> to JOSHCA Ml'RPnV, K KN KKKW VlLI.VG K. Farms for Sale ! 1 AA ACRES- -Nurth-Wcst Half of Lot l>0, Cone^jMion 11, i y 1/ Township of McNab, County of Renfrew. Soil, clay 1 'am ; 40 acres cleared : small orchard ; good log buihiing» ; propei'ty near Sand I'oint. •^AA ACRES"-Lot 21, Concession 8, Township r.f Fitzroy. wUU County of ( 'arleton. Soil, clay loam : o(> acreb cleared ; !.>g buildings ; y<»ung orchard ; two miles from Fitzroy liar- '^di'.r, on the Otti'twa River. 'jA ACRES— Part of Lot 2, in tlie L'ith Coiicei^sJon, Town- *>!/ sliip of McNhI). Coujjty of Henfiew. Soil, clay ioa.m ; Ju acres cleared ; adjoining Arnprioi-, For paiticuiars and j>rioee ap^y to .. ^ ^ . K. A. RATLSr All-Ni'KIOli, OxTaAID. Or to A. M. CROSBY. 84 King St, East. Toronto, Ont. Improved Farms for Sale I TMMIGRAXTS and others can be suited with Inipioved 1 Farms at Low Prices and on very easy terms. For fur- tiier information apply to ADAM KENNEDY, Pt::iiB.R(.»Kfc:, O.NXAktiu. -iSlk ^' ,y '«fc^^^ ,J FARMS FOR SALE ! SEVERAL LMPROVEl) FARMS for Sale in the Tov •, ships of Gruttan, Wilberforoe and Bromley, — cheap, rui<. upon easy terms of payment. Apply to JAMES REEA^ES, EOA^VILLK, ONTAHKi FOR SALE! About 4,000 Acres of Lau' In the County of Renfrev/. Improved and Un improved Farms In the Townships of iVlcXAR. APMASTOX. RUOMLL';, WILBERFOROE, &c. M- PRICES LOW, AND TERMS LIBERAL, ^z Also, MliV/m LAiVDS In the CoiHitiea of RENFREW, LANfARK an J. LEE! &^ A Fa^t Job Pee^.s, of the Ni:wEsT S'rvLii WITH THE Latest Improvements, and N evv being added toJlife^MERciT^Y Job-Printing Offic Types, E. 1^ - LHr?^ Erratlm. — In admriUement of '* Farms for Sale'- preceding page, for *^A. M, Crosby'' read ''A. AL Coaby, E I '^. NTARK, ;i ^.L. •^,:: LEKl;;^. NTARJ! 5? I •YLii a::.]j ypes, i:..Hi 'I /^i7//;/ ■t 7^5 \s It*-' ESTAELISJfiSTiN 1871. - ^. The Renfrew Mercury, Published Every Fiuoay Morning, at the Office I!s THK ViLLAOE OF RenFKEW, IS THE /^r OLDEST NEWSPAPER'^ IN THE SOUTH RIDING. Spkoul Attention is vaii> to Lov.al Interests, The FrLLES'i' Local News, and to Local Market Reports. THE BEST ADVEJRTISiNG MEDIUM in iSoath Renfrew. PRICE, $1.25 a Ycai, in Advance, Postage paid. ALBERT SMALLFIELD. Eaitor and Proprietor. ^ \the job-priinting office Ai ^y \ IN CONNECTION. WITH THE " MERCURY" IS WELL SUJPVLliiD WITH A VARIEl* ASSORTMENT OF \ T^i-PE, FOR ^\ Posters, Hand-Bills, Oirculars, Cards, \ Bill -Heads, &€., &g. \ fst Aii work v^voii^.^tly and corvrctly executed, •0 \* if s^ I * s '- MM KmiimrMar»fH»m0»mi''mmmm' ' " ■ 1 "" SI-:^.«.w> : 1 I " i i 1 t 1 1