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'fFsoM THX Ah. Jodrnal of Soiemcb and Abtb, You XLVIII, Nov. 1869.]
ON NORITE OR LABRADORITE ROCK,
By T. Sterry Hint. LL.D., F.R.S.
-♦-♦-^
[Read before the American As-sociation for tlie Advancement of Science, at Salem,
Auffust, 1869.]
• •» ■
The various rocks composed essentially of a triclinic or anor-
thic feldspar, with an admixture of hornblende, pyroxene,
hypersthene or diallage, have by lithologists been designated by
the names of diorite, dolerite, diabase, hypersthenite and gabbro,
among others. The latter name has by many been regarded as
synonymous with euphotide. I however pointed out many
years since that the true euphotide is not a feldspathic rock, but
consists of a mixture of diallage with saussurite, a white heavy
silicate apparently identical with zoisite. By an admixture of
labradorite or an allied feldspar, however, euphotide passes
into the so-called gabbro, which I have defined as a diallagic
diabase (this Journal, II, xxvii, 386V and which is closely related
to norite. The name of hypersthene rock or hypersthenite
(sometimes contracted into hyperite), was given by MacGulloch*
to a rock consisting of labradorite, or a related feldspar, and
hypersthene, found by him in the Western Islands of Scotland,
and subsequently recognized by Emmons in the Adirondack
Mounhtins of northern New York. By both of these obsorvers
it was regarded as an erupted rock. In 1861 I detected it
among the Laurentide hills of Canada, where, as in New York,
it tfxiends over considerable areas. Farther examinations of
this r6ck in place showed that though hypersthene, generally
in very small proportion, is a frequent element, it m often
* MecGulloch, Geology of the Western Islands, i, 386-390.
\
2
7! S. Ifurtt on Norite Rock.
repla«(!(l hy a green granular ityroxcnc, and still more often both
of these are wanting, so that we have a rock composed almost
entirely ol a trielinie feldspar, whose composition is generally
near that of labradorite, hut varies in different examples from
that of andesine to near that ol' anorthite. To these rocks I
provisionally applied the name of anorthosites, the pure feld-
Hpathic typ(! I'eing regarded as nornud anorthosite, associated
with wlii(!h, however, were to he found h.vpersthenic and pyrox-
enic varieties, lied garnet, epidote. a black mica, and more
rarely dichroite and cpiartz, are all occasionallv found sparingly
disseminated in these anorthosites of New Vork and Canada,
which cannot be distinguishefl from those first observed by
MacCulloch in the Isle of Skye, as F have convinced myself by
an examination of the s})ecimens then; collected by Inm, and
now ])reserved in tht; colUvtions of the (jcological Society of
London. Titaniferous inm ore (menaccanite') also frequently
occurs in grains and masses in these rocks, both in Skye, and in
North America, where it sometimes forms beds or masses of
considerable size. Details as to the ehemieal and mineralogical
character of these rocks will be fouml in the L. E. & 1). Philos.
Magazine for May, 1855, and also in the Geology of Canada,
18H3, pages 588-590.
The sub.sequent investigations of Sir William Logan have
shown that these anorthosites in Canada belmg to a great series
of stratified crystalline rocks which by the geological survey of
Canada have been designated the Labrador or Ui)per Laurentian
series, and which repose unconformably u})on the older or true
Laurentian gneiss and limestones. The area of the Labrador
formati